CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 189I BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE 1 Date Due S&P-9^ lOSOK H ^1 ViJr i >4&94-Ij ^ fi >m s t!iJL M utttsaKBgf^ MiSMB:!>^«iJi4 rF The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028803322 COUNTIES OF MORGAN, MONROE ®BROWN INDIA^nSTA.. Historical and Biographical. CHARLES BLANCHARD, Editor. F. A. Battet. CHICAGO: F. A. BATTEY & CO., PUBLLSHEKS. 1884. F. W. Teeple. tikUVI i;;;ri Y % )Hfl| MORRIS, SUCCES: .1,1 li'i mO a;' ; Y1 nor-! viMliH, / PREFACE. THIS volume goes forth to our patrons the result of months of arduous, unremitting and conscientious labor. None so well know as those who have been associated with us the almost insurmountable difficulties to be met with in the preparation of a work of this character. Since the in- auguration of the enterprise, a large force has been employed in gathering material. Daring this time, most of the citizens of the three counties have been called upon to contribute from their recollections, carefully preserved letters, scraps of manuscript, printed fragments, memoranda, etc. Public records and semi-official documents have been searched, the newspaper files of the counties have been overhauled, and former citizens, now living out of the counties, have been corresponded with, for the verification of the in- formation by a conference with many. In gathering from these numerous sources, both for the historical and biographical departments, the conflict- ing statements, the discrepancies and the fallible and incomplete nature of public documents, were almost appalling to our historians and biographers, who were expected to weave therefrom with some degree of accuracy, in panoramic review, a record of events. Members of the same families disagree as to the spelling of the family name, contradict each other's statements as to dates of birth, of settlement in the counties, nativity and other matters of fact. In this entangled condition, we have given preference to the preponderance of authority, and while we acknowledge the existence of errors and our inability to furnish a perfect history, we claim to have come up to the standard of our promises, and given as accurate a work as the nature of the surroundings would permit. Whatever may be the verdict of those who do not and will not comprehend the difficulties to be met with, we feel assured that all just and thoughtful people will appre- ciate our efforts, and recognize the importance of the undertaking and the great public benefit that has been accomplished in preserving the valuable historical matter of the counties and biographies of many of their citizens, that perhaps would otherwise have passed into oblivion. To those who have given U8 their support and encouragement, we acknowledge our gratitude, and can assure them that as years go by the book will grow in value as a repository not only of pleasing reading matter, but of treasured information of the past that will become an enduring monument. April, 1884. THE PUBLISHERS. ' CONTENTS. HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. PAGE. Introductory Chapter 11 Act of Formation .„ 14 Agricultural Society, First 22 Agricultural Society, Second 22 Anti-Slavery Movement 32 Associate Judges 39 Attorneys, Resident 36 Auditora 38 Auditor's Report May 31,1883 46 Circuit Court, First 15 Circuit Court, Second 16 Circuit Court, Third 17 Circuit Court, Subsequent Terms of. 17 Clerks > 38 Commissioners, County 37 Common Pleas Court, First 19 Common Pleas Judges 39 Coroners 39 County Before Its Creation 14 County Justices, First Session of 15 Court Houses 19 Early Settlers 12 Election Returns November. 1844 26 Election Returns November, 1856 28 Election Returns November, 1860 29 Election Returns November, 1868 29 Election Returns November, 1872 30 Election Returns November, 1876 31 Election Returns November, 1880 31 Indebtedness, County 40 Indian Cession Treaty 11 Jails , 20 Justices, County 37 Justices of the Peace, Early 37 Land Survey 12 Legal Cases, Important 36 Library, County ;. , 21 Medical Societies, County 24 Old Settlers' Association 40 ■Organization of the County 15 Paupers, County ". 21 Physical Features 11 Politics, County 25 Population of the County 32 President Judges of Circuit Court 39 Press, The County 33 Probate Court, First 18 Probate Judges 39 Railroads 33 Recorders 38 Roads, Common and Graveled 32 Seminary, County 20 Sheriffs. 38 Statistical Items 44 Superintendents, County 39 Surveyors 38 Temperance Work 48 Treasurers, County 38 Treasurers' Accounts 41 Treasurer's Report, 1851 23 Military History 50 Bounty and Relief. 70 Calls for Volunteers 73 Call for Volunteers, Last 67 Calls and Enlistments 64 Capt. Scott's Company 57 Companies for the War 57 Death of Lincoln 68 Disloyalty During the War 72 Draft of October, 1862 62 Draft of September 21, 1S64 66 Enlistments in Winter of 1862-63 63 Enlistments in 1864— Continued 66 Enlistments, Renewed 60 Fall of Fort Sumter 52 Fall of Richmond 68 Fourth of July, 1862 60 Fourth of July, 1863 64 Gen. Morgan's Raid 63 Homie Guards 55 Home Traitors 52 Martinsville Rides 56 Mexican War, The 50 Military Spirit .'. 56 Militia System, The Old 50 Militia, The 56 Opening Scenes of the Great Rebellion 50 Pensioners, List of. 77 Presidential and Gubernatorial Campaign of 1864 66 Reception- of Veterans 65 Return of Morgan County Boys *. 73 Roll of Honor 73 Troops Furnished, Summary of. 69 War Meetings 38,52,55,58, 61 Washington Township../. 80 Martinsville 81 Banking Enterprises 94 Development of the Town....' 86 Donations and Sales of Lots 82 Education 95 Firstand Subsequent Buildings 83 Incorporation 89 Land Entries 82 Manufacturing Interests 7. 87 Officers of the Corporation 90 Population 99 Pork and Grain Trade 85 Present Business 88 Race Track, The Old 89 Religion 97 Secret Societies : 92 Settlement, First 80 Town Treasurer's Report, 1863 90 ^ Treasurer's Report, 1883 92 Brown Township 99 Mookesville 10^ Banking Business 109 Bear Stories 102 Business Enterprises 105 Business Pursuits, Present 107 Incorporation 106 Industrial Development and Incidents 100 Industrial Pursuits 106 Mercantile Trade 105 Pioneers 99 Plat of Village 106 Pork Packing 105 Re igious Development 109 Reminiscences 101 Samuel Moore 103 Pchools 107 • Secret Societies 108 Snake Story 102 Jackson Township Ill MORGANTOWN 115 Business Pursuits 117 Distilleries 115 Education 117 Entry of Land Ill Incidents of the Chase 114 Manufactories 116 Mills 115 Poll-Tax Payers, 1842 112 Religious Classes 118 Reminiscences and Notes 113 CONTENTS. PAGE. Clay Township 119 Barnes Family, The 119 Brooklyn 121 CeatertoD 123 Early Settlers : 119 Modern Brooklyn 122 Preachers 121 Teachers 124 Monroe Township 125 Business Interests of Monrovia 127 Christian Organizations ; 129 Monrovia, Town of 126 Pioneers, The 125 PoU-Tax Payers of 1842 126 Schools of Monroe 127 Underground Railroad, The 129 Harrison Township 181 Bluffs, The 133 Churches t 136 Farm, The First 132 Incidents 132 PortKoyal 133 Schools 136 Settler, First of the County 131 Settlers, Additional Early 133 Treaty with the Delawares 131 Waverly Village 135 Waverly in Late Years 136 Bay Township 137 Butler Creek Settlement 137 Churches ; 141 Incidents and Improvements 139 Paragon Village 140 Poll Tax Payers of 1842 139 Schools 141 Adams Township 142 Churches 144 Eminence Village .'. 145 Natural Resources 142 Schools 144 Settlement, Early 142 Jeffersiin Township 146 Hyndsdale Village 149 Lamb's Bottom 146 Poll Tax Payers of 1842 148 Religious Organizations 149 Schools 149 Settlement— Continued 148 Ashland Township 150 Alaska Village 103 Church Organizations, Early 153 Formation and Boundary 150 Manufactures 152 Pioneer Incidents 151 Poll Tax Payers 151 PAGE. Schools and Sohoolhouses \^ Settlement, Early 1™ Greog Township i?* Education Jjj Poll-Tax List of 1842 J™ Religion 157 Settlement, Later 155 Villages 156 White Men, First ■ 154 Madison Township 158 Churches '"l Incidents and Pioneer Customs 159 Pioneer, The First 158 Schools 161 Settlers, Early 158 Wild Animals 160 Green Township 162 Cleveland Village 167 Cope Village 168 Delawares, The 166 Educational Interests 166 Hunting Exploits 164 Milling Interests 164 Mysterious Death 166 Poll Tax Payers of 1842 163 Religious Interests 167 Settlement, First 162 Settlement — Continued 163 Wounded Deer, The 165 Baker Township 168 Education 169 Evilsizer Family, The 168 Facilities for .Worship 170 Poll-Tax Payersof 1842 169 Settlers, Permanent 169 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Adams Township 294 Ashland Township 334 Baker Township 363 Brown Township 217 Clay Townshii) 260 Green Township 358 Gregg Township 342 Harrison Township 282 Jackson Township .-. 245 Jefferson Township 326 Madison Township 352 Martinsville .^ 171 Monroe Township 270 Mooresville 217 Morgantown .' 245 Bay Township 283 Washington Township 171 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. Settlement, Organization, etc 371 Actof Formation 373 Agricultural Fair, Rules, Judges, etc 395 Agricultural Societies 391 Agricultural Society's Premium List 392 Associate. Judges 406 Auditors," County 405 Auditor's Report 411 Circuit Court, First 876 Circuit Court Judges 406 Clerks, County 405 Commissioners, County ', 404 Condition of School Lands in 1846 412 Coroners, County 406 County Commissioners' Meetings 374 County Politics 384 County Poor 389 Entries of Lands, First 372 Erection of Townships 378 Free Puhlic School Vote 407 Indian Cession Treaties 372 Indian Occupancy 371 Justices of the Peace, Early 404 Library, County 400 Old Settlers' Meetings 397 Old Settlers' Meeting Minutes 399 Old Settlers' Roll of Honor 399 Population of County 376 Presidential Electors, 1840 385 Presidential Electors, 1844 386 Presidential Electors, 1856 386 Presidential Electors, 1860 386 Presidential Electors, 1864 387 Presidential Electors, 1«72 388 Presidential Elector's, 1876 388 Presidential Electors, 1880 388 Press, County 401 Probate Court, First „ 377 Probate Judges 406 Prosecuting Attorneys 407 Public Buildings 382 Recapitulation of Taxes, 1883 411 Receipts and Expenditures, County 407 Recorders, County 405 School Districts in 1882 ".'.,'.',','.... 413 School Eixumeration, etc., in 1881 .' 412 School Examiners and Superintendents. 407 Seminary, County 401 Seminary Trustees 406 Sheriffs, County.... [ 405 Survey of Lands, First .,„', 372 Surveyors, County 406 Territory Attached to the County 331 Treasurers, County 405 CONTENTS. PAGE. MllITAEY HiSTOKY 413 Adjutant General's Exhibit April 14, 1865.... 43.'i Alfairs Preceding the Fall of Sumter 414 Army Correspondence 421 Assassination of Lincoln 438 Calls for Volunteers, New ;... 423 Call for Troops, October, 1863 429 Call of July, 1864 431 Call for Volunteers, Last 432 Capture of Richmond 438 Cavalry, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth 449 Closing Scenes of the Kebellion 439 Curious Editorial 427 Draft of October 6, 1862 424 Draft of October,1864 431 Draft Statistics 423 Enlistments 416, 424 Fourth of jWy, 1864 430 Gen Morgan 428 Infantry, Fourteenth 447 Infantry, Eighteenth 447 Infantry, Twenty-second 448 Infantry, Thlrty-flrst 448 Infantry, Thirty-eighth 448 Infantry, Fiftieth 44» Infantry, Eighty-second 449 Infantry, Ninety-third 449 Infantry, One Hundred and Forty-fifth 450 Lee's Surrender 438 Letter from Murfreesboro 425 Meetings, War and Other 414,416,420, 426 Mexican War, The 413 Militia, County 413 Miscellaneous Incidents 434, 437 Off for the War 416 Opening Scenes of the Kebellion 415 One Hundred Days' Men 430 Pension EoU 445 Political Campaigns of 1864 437 Recruiting 420 Relief and Bounty 440 Resistance to Military J[^a■w 427 Roll of Honor 447 Roll of Honor, Miscellaneous 450 Summary of Troops Furnished 434 Suspension of Active Work 425 Volunteers, Infantry 416, 417 Volunteers, Cavalry 419 Volunteers, New Companies 422 Bloomingtos Towhship and Citt 451 Anecdotes ^ 457 Artesian Well 468 Banking 469 Bloomington Factory 460 Bloomington Female College 475 Bloomington Mills 460 Bonded Indebtedness, 1877 467 Business Men, Early 457 Business-Men, Present 462 Buyers of Lots 454 Churches of Bloomington 479 Corporation Meeting, August, 1858 465 Incorporation, First 463 Incorporation, Second 463 Incorporation of 1869 466 Incorporation, City 467 Indiana College 477 Indiana State university 476 Industries 458 Land Entries, First 451 Merchants, Early 468 Merchants of the Sixties 462 Model School, The 476 Monroe County Female Seminary 472 Municipal Governnaent, The 464 New Albany Railroad 461 Platting of the Village .' 453 Prices Current for 1858 462 Residents, Early 451 Resident, First 452 Schools of Bloomington 470 Secret Societies 469 Shinplasters 461 State University, The 478 Townsmen, Early 464 Town in 1830-40 458 Town in 1840-50....! 459 Town in 1850-60. _ 460 PAGE. Pbrry Township 481 Churches 485 Land Purchasers 483 Organization 484 Schools 48S "Seminary Township," The 482 Soil 481 Tax Payers of 1841 ; 484 Timber 481 Bean Blossom Township 486 Anecdotes 488 Churches 494 Geology 486 Mt. Tabor 490 Poll Tax Payers of 1841 489 Schools 493 Settlement 487 ^^tinesville 492 Surface Features 486 Richland Township ^ 494 Business Industries of EUettsville 505 Churches 506 Earth Structure 494 < EUettsville 503 Geological Tables 495 Incidents 500 Incorporation of EUettsville 504 Narrative of James Parks, Sr 497 PoU-Tax Payers of 1841 602 Richland Village 503 Schools ,*>05 Settlement 496 Van Buren Township 507 Blue Spring Community 613 Growth and Development 509 Introduction " 507 Land Entries 508 Morals, Township -511 PoU-Tax Payers of 1841 510 Schools 512 Settlement .,... 508 Soil 507 Stanford Village 510 Stone '. 507 Timber 507 Indian Creek Township 514 Churches 518 Families. The First 616 Geological Structure 514 Government Land Entries 614 Milling Enterprises 516 Poll Tax Payers 5I6 Schools 517 Villages 618 Virginia Iron Works, The 516 Clear Creek Township 519 Churches 626 Geological Formation 519 Land Holders 521 Poll Tax Payers of 1841 522 Schools 525 Settler, The First 521 Villages 523 Washington Township 627 Churches 530 Description 527 Education 5,S0 Hindostan Village 531 Land Buyers 528 Soil 527 Tax Payers of 1841 629 Timber 527 Wayport 531 Benton Township 531 Cox Tragedy, The ,')35 Geology 531 Poll Tax Payers of 1841 633 Religious Classes 534 Schools 533 Soil ., 531 Timber 531 Unionville 535 White Settlement, The 532 Salt Creek Township 536 Churches. 540 Friendship Village '. 540 Land Entries 537 Natural Features 536 CONTENTS. PAGE. Poll-Tax Payers of 1841 537 Publit Schools 5j° Saltworks 536 Polk Township ofV Chapel Hill Village 644 Churches »*^ Counterfeiters 54J Elections, First 644 Land Buyers, Early 541 Origin of Name 540 Residents of 1842 542 Schools 643 Marion Township 545 Churches 547 Geology 6^6 Physical Description "^ PAOB. Schools 5K Settlement °*^ BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCHES. Bean Blossom Township ^ Benton Township °°° Bloomington City °*° Bloomington Township °*J Clear Cieek Township '. »6» Indian Creek Township »oj Marion Township "'j Perry Township 51;^ Eiohland Township °^^ Salt Creek Township b™ Van Buren Township °*^ Waahington Township "oo HISTORY OF Introductory Chapter Auditors Church Statistics Circuit Court, First Clerks, County Common Pleas Court, First Coroners County Buildings Creation of Townships Election, First County Election Returns Finances, Statement of Indian Cession Treaties Initiatory Legislative Enactments Items of Interest, Miscellaneous Judges, Associate Judges, Circuit J*udges, Common Pleas Judges, Probate Justices and Commissioners Library, County Medical Society, County Meeting of the County Board, First Old Settlers' Association Paupers, County Physicians, List of Politics, County .' Population Press, The County Probate Courts, First Kecorders School Commissioners, etc School Funds, Origin of School Statistics Seminary, County Sheriffs Surveyors Taxes for 1883 Treasurers Treasurers' Reports Military History Bounty, Relief, etc Calls for Troops County in 1863 County in 1864 Draft of October, 1862 Drafts of 1864-65 Enlistment in 1862 Enlistment Tables Fall of Fort Sumter Infantry, Twenty-second Infantry, Eighty-second Infantry, One Hundred and Twentieth Infantry, One Hundred and Forty-flfth Mexican War, The Militia Organizations Number of Men Furnished Pension Roll Political Feeling in 1860-61 Roll of Honpr Volunteers Washington Township Altitudes, Table of Banking at Nashville Census of 1872 Churches BROWN COUNTY. 679 697 693 684 697 686 699 685 682 68V 690 699 679 679 687 698 698 696 691 695 682 693 690 695 689 699 696 685 697 698 702 698 700 703 712 713 709 710 709 711 708 711 707 713 714 714 714 703 703 712 715 705 713 708 717 718 730 727 781 Civil Division '19 Hedeesville '23 Incidents '22 Incorporation of County Seat 727 Industries '26 Jaoksonburg '23 Land Entries 720-725 Minerals '1' Nashville...". '23 Oil '17 Organization 'Iv Poll Tax Payers of 1848 721 Salt '17 Schools '30 Secret Societies '29 Settlers, Early '20 Jackson Township '32 Churches .'38 Drainage, etc '34 Formation of Township '34 Georgetown 737 Gold Deposits '32 Historical Items '3' Horse Races '38 Needmore '38 PoU-Tax Payers of 1848 '38 Schools '38 Settlements, The First '36 Hamblen Township '39 Churches '44 Entries of Land '41 Incidents 743 Industries 743 Natural Wealth 739 Poll-Tax Payers of 1848 745 Schools 744 Villages 744 White Settlement ;. 740 Van Buren Township 746 Churches 749 Land Entries 748 Officers '47 Organization '. '47 Poll Tax Payers of 1848 748 Rocks ^. 746 Schools 749 Settlement by White men '46 Streams '46 Timber '46 Villages '49 Johnson 'Township 751 Elkinsville 753 Era of Settlement 751 Incidents and Notes 753 Land Entries 752 Poll-Tax Payers of 1848 752 Surface and Soil 751 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Hamblen Township 785 Jackson Township 773 Johnson Township 799 Naahville 753 Van Buren Township JQ5 Washington Township 753 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. BY WESTON A. GOODSPEED. DESCRIPTION, ORGANIZATION, ETC PHYSICAL FEATURES. THE county of Morgan is in many respects one of the most favora- bly located tracts of country in the State of Indiana. It is within an hour's ride of the State capital, and is bounded on the north by Hen- dricks and Marion Counties, on the east by Johnson, on the south by Brown and Monroe, and on the west by Owen and Putnam. The county contains 450 square miles, or 291,800 acres, and is watered by the West Fork of White River, and by its branches. White Lick Creek, Mud Creek, Big Indian Creek, Stott's Creek, Clear Creek, Burnett's Creek, Rhodes' Creek, Mill Creek, and by other smaller streams. The valleys are extremely fertile, and produce annually large crops of grain. The numerous bluffs along the principal water-courses are suitable for grazing. There is an abundance of timber, consisting of poplar, walnut, white oak, hickory, beech, maple and other varieties. An abundance of excellent building stone is found, and is near the surface and easily obtained. Na- tive gold and copper have been found in small quantities. The sanitary conditions are very favorable, as the porosity of the soil and the rolling character of the surface prevent the development of malaria. THE INDIAN CESSION TREATY. The county was formerly the undisputed home of the Miami tribe of Indians. Here they had lived for an indeterminate period of years, unmolested by the whites. The earlier race, known as Mound-Builders, so far as can be learned, left no traces of their presence in the county. The case is different with the Indians. They were here when our fathers came, and mingled freely with the white men. The rapid settlement of the State after the war of 1812-15, and especially after the battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, when the power of the Indians was completely crushed, led to numerous treaties, whereby the Indians ceded to the Gov- ernment various tracts of land, and retired toward the setting sun. The Delawares, many years before, had obtained from the Miamis a large tract of land in CentraL Indiana. In October, 1818, at St. Mary's, Ohio, the Miamis and Delawares ceded to the United States a large tract of land in Central and Southern Indiana, including the present county of Morgan, except a small portion in the southwestern part, which had been relinquished at an earlier date. This was scarcely done before the white settlers began to invade the present county in search of homes, and the survey of the lands was commenced. 12 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. THE LAND SURVEY AND THE EARLY ENTRIES. Township 11 north, Range 2 west, which had been ceded by the In- dians prior to 1816, was surveyed in that year by William Harris, and was therefore the first land in the county measured by a surveyer's chain and compass. It was re-surveyed by Thomas Brown in 1819. Township 11 north. Range 2 east, was surveyed in 1820, by B. Bentley; Township 12 north. Range 2 east, in 1820, by B. Bentley; Township 13 north. Range 2 east, in 1820, by B. Bentley; Township 14 north, Range 2 east, in 1820, by W. B. Laughlin ; Township 11 north. Range 1 east, in 1819, by Thomas Brown ; Township 12 north. Range 1 east, in 1819, by Thomas Brown ; Township 13 north. Range 1 east, in 1819, by Thomas Brown ; Township 14 north, Range 1 east, in 1820, by Stephen Collett ; Township 11 north, Range 1 west, in 1819, by Thomas Brown, and in 1848 (the islands) by A. E. Van Ness ; Township 12 north, Range 1 west, in 1819, by Thomas Brown ; Township 13 north. Range 1 west, in 1819, by John Milroy; Township 11 north. Range 2 west, in 1816, by William Harris, and in 1819 by Thomas Brown ; Township 12 north, Range 2 west, in 1819, by John Milroy; Township 13 north, Range 2 west, in 1819, by John Milroy. The date of the arrival of the first set- tlers cannot be given, though it was probably 1818. Ten or fifteen fami- lies arrived in 1819, and many more in 1820. All who came prior to September 4, 1820, and, indeed, many who came after that date, were " squatters," not owning the land upon which they lived until they had taken out pre-emption papers under the ordinance of 1787, and later Congressional enactments granting and modifying the right. It is estimated that sixty or seventy families were living in the county on the 1st day of January, 1821. On the 4th of September, 1820, the lands of the county were formally thrown into market for the first time. Those who had come in previously hastened to the land office at Brookville, and entered the claims they had squatted upon or pre-empted, and many others, who had not yet been in the county, came in search of homes. Perhaps two-thirds of the early settlers were from the Southern States' mostly from Kentucky, but largely from Tennessee, Virginia and the Carolinas. The following persons entered land in the county in the year 1820, after the 4th of September, in the township and range given with each name : Philip Hodges, Township 11 north. Range 1 east ; Joseph Townsend,same; George Mathews, same ; Benjamin Freeland, same; Benjamin Hufi-man, same; John Case, same; Jacob Cutler, same; Jacob Lafavre,same; John Gray, same ; Joshua Taylor, same; Joshua Gray same ; Thomas Jenkins, same ; Chester Holbrook, same ; Jacob Case same ; John Reed, same ; Nancy Smith, same ; Isaac Hollingsworth,' same ; Presley Buckner, same. All these located in Township 11 north Range 1 east. The following persons entered land in 1820 after Sen' M^.^^'i*'^" ^r^l^^P ^^ T**".' ^^"8^ ^ ^^«*= Jo^n Butterfield, David Ma^ock, Enoch McCarty, Benjamin McCarty, Jonathan Lyon, Martin McCoy, Samuel Elliott Jonathan Williams, Devalt Koons, John Connor Andrew Waymore, Larkin Reynolds, Thomas Jenkins, Joel Ferguson' Reuben Most, John Graves The following entered land at the sam^ tame m Township 13 north Range 1 east: Francis Brock, William Ballard, Thomas Lee, Charles Vertreese, James Hadley, Eli Hadley, HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. 13 William Rooker, Charles Reynolds, Isaiah Drury and Benjamin Barnes. William Pounds located in Township 14 north, Range 1 east, same time, i. e., from September 4, 1820, to the close of the year. The fol- lowing persons entered land during the same period in Township 11 north. Range 1 west : James K. Hamilton, John Burnett, Samuel Newell, Fred Barkhart, Daniel Stout, John Kennedy, Rice Stroud, Isom Stroud, An- thony Vernon, Presley Buckner and Thomas Hodges. The above per- sons, numbering fifty-four, were the only ones who entered land in the county in 1820. The following persons entered land in the year 1821 : Samuel Scott, James Clark, Jacob Cutler, Thomas Hadley, Henry H. Hobbs, Charles Reynolds, George Mathews, Jonathan Lyon, W. W. Drew, Elisha Hamden, Thomas Irons, James Stott, Jonathan Williams, John Hodges, John Butterfield, James L. Kidds, Edward Irons, David Allen, Jacob Chase, John Marker, Edward Jones, Jacob Case, Joseph Henshaw, Abner Cox, David Matlock, Thomas Dee, Joseph Frazier, William McDowell, Samuel Jones, Thomas Beeler, John Leavell, Jesse McCoy, Christopher Ladd, Joseph Bennett, Samuel Blair, David Price, Joseph Sims, John Hamilton, John Barnes, George H. Beeler, Joseph Beeler, Benjamin Mills, Robert Stafford, William Gregory, Cyrus Whet- zel, Jesse Tull, Henry Rout, John Paul, Thomas Ingles, Joseph Bennett, Thomas Gardner, William Goodwin, James Burch, Ezekiel Slaughter, John McMahon, Jacob B. Reyman, John W. Reyman, Christopher Ha- ger, Thomas Carey, Benjamin Carey, George Moon, Samuel Dodds, Jo- siah Tomlinson, Eli Hadley, Abner Cox, James Curl and John Sells, all of whom located east of the Second Pripcipal Meridian ; and David Fain, Hiram Stroud, Thomas Hodges, Philip Hodges, Wiley Williams, Abner Alexander, Samuel Goss, William Anderson, Joseph Ribble, James Mc- Kinney, Thomas Thompson and Reuben F. Allen, on the west side of the meridian. The following persons entered land in the year 1822 : Allen Gray, John Gray, Alexander Rowand, I. Gray, William Townsend, Josiah Townsend, Presley Buckner, James Reynolds, Jacob Cutler, Joshua Car- ter, Benjamin Cuthbert, Martin McDaniel, Isaiah Drury, William Bales, Elias Hadley, Jehu Carter, Moses Anderson, William McCracken, B. F. Beason, John H. Bray, Jesse Overman, Charles Vertreese, Jacob Jessup, Andrew Clark, Richard Day, William Ballard, Stewart Reynolds, Eli Mills, Isaac Price, John and Enoch Summers, Charles Ketchum, George Crutchfield, John Martin, Levi Plummer, David E. Allen, Benjamin Mills, Hiram Mathews, Abner Cox, William Landers, Thomas Ballard, Harris Bray, John Kennedy, Abraham Stroud, Fred Burkhart, John Buckner and John Mannon, all locating east of the meridian line except the five last named. The above lists include all who entered land in the county prior to the 1st of January, 1823. Besides these there were a comparatively few families living in the county who owned no land. They would probably equal in numbers those named above who never resided in the county, so that the above lists may be taken as showing to within a close figure the population of the county at that time. Probably 170 families resided in the county by January 1, 1823. This would repre- sent a population of about 800. 14 HISTORY OP MORGAN COUNTY. THE COUNTY BEFORE ITS CREATION. The territory comprising Morgan County was a portion of that 5?*®'^? siwe tract of country secured by cession from the Delaware and Miami Indians in 1818, and known as the " New Purchase." The next legal provision concerning the territory composing the county was an act or the State Legislature approved January 20, 1820, the second section of the act being as follows : Section 2. That all the remaining part of the said New Purchase lying east of the Second Principal Meridian, except so much of it as has been attached to the counties of Fayette, Jackson and Wayne by former laws, and except so much of it as is attached by the first section of this act to the counties named therein, be, and the same is hereby formed into a new county, to be known by the name of Dela- ware; and all that part of the said New Purchase lying west of the Second Princi- pal Meridian be and the same is hereby formed into a new county, to be known by the name of Wabash. This act made all of the present Morgan County east of the meridian line a part of Delaware County, and all west of that line a part of Wa- bash County. The first elections held in the county were before its crea- tion, and after the passage of the above act, or during the years 1820 and 1821, and the returns went to the county seats of Delaware and Wabash Counties respectively. It is impossible to tell where they are now, as those counties then were widely different in size, form and location from what they are at present. In 1821, the rapid settlement of the territory composing the county made it apparent to the settlers that a new county ought to be created for their benefit, and accordingly at the session of the Legislature of 1821-22 a petition from the residents was formally pre- sented, praying that such an enactment might be passed. Accordingly, the following act was introduced, passed, and approved by the Governor : An A-CT for the Formation or a New County out of the Counties of Dblawake AND Wabash: Section 1. Be it enacted by tlie General Assembly of the State of Indiana, That from and after the fifteenth day of February next, all that part of the counties of Delaware and Wabash contained within the following boundaries, to wit : Begin- ning on the township line dividing Townships 10 and 11 north, where the line divid- ing Ranges 2 and 3 east cross the same ; thence west to the center of Range 2 west, of the Second Principal Meridian ; thence north nine miles ; thence west three miles to the line dividing Ranges 2 and 3 west ; thence north eleven mile^ to the corners of Sections 19 and 30 ; thenCe east with said line twenty -four miles to the line divid- ing Ranges 2 and 3 east ; thence south to the place of beginning, shall constitute and form a new county, to be designated and known by the name and style of the county of3Iorgan. Sec 2. That James Borland, of Monroe County ; Thomas Beazely, of Lawrence County ; Phillip Hart, of Owen County ; John Martin, of Washington County, and James Milroy, of Washington County, be and they are hereby appointed Commis- sioners for the purpose of fixing the penhanent seat of justice for the said new county agreeably to the provisions of an act entitled "An act fixing the seat of justice of new counties hereafter to be laid off." The Commissioners above named, or a majority of them, shall convene at the house of John Gray, in said new countyi on the first day of March next, and then proceed to discharge the duties assigned them by law. Sec 3. That the said new county of Morgan shall enjoy the rights, privileges and jurisdictions which to separate counties do or may properly belong. ' Sec 4. It shall be the duty of the Sheriff of Monroe County to notify the Com- inissioners above named, either in person or by written notification, o£ their said appointment, and the Commissioners of the county of Morgan shall allow them anv .■sum of money that they may deem just and equitable, who are hereby authorized to allow the same out of any moneys in the county treasury in the same manner other claims are paid. HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. IS Sbc. 5. The Circuit and other courts of the county of Morgan shall be holden at the house of Jacob Cutler, or at any other place the court may adjourn to in said county, until suitable accommodation can be had at the county seat ; and so soon as- the courts of said county are satisfied that suitable accommodations can be had at the seat of justice, they shall adjourn their courts to such place in said county as shall be fixed on by said Commissioners for the seat of justice of said county, estab- lished as directed by this act. Sec. 6. The agent, who shall be appointed to superintend the sale of lots at the county seat of the said county of Morgan, shall reserve ten per centum out of the proceeds thereof, and also of all donations to the said county, and pay the same over to such person or persons as may be appointed by law to receive the sjme for the use of a library for said county, which he shall pay over at such lime or times as may be directed by law. This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved December 31, 1831. Samuel Milrot, Speaker of the House of Eepresentatiiies:. Jonathan Jennings, Ratliff Boon, Oovernor. President of the Senate. ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. On the 1st of January, 1822, James Bigger was commissioned Sheriflf of the new county by the Governor, and empowered to call an election for four Justices of the Peace, one Clerk and Recorder, and two Associate Judges; but as he failed, in some manner, to do as directed, his commis- sion was dropped or revoked, and Benjamin Cutler was commissioned on' the 16th of January, 1822, to take his place and call the necessary elec- tion. This election was held early in 1822, with the following result r Justices of the Peace — Larkin Reynolds, Samuel Reed, James Burris and Hiram Mathews, all four of whom received commissions from the Gov- ernor, dated May 22, 1822 ; Clerk and Recorder — George H. Beeler ; Associate Judges — Jacob Cutler and John Gray, who were commissioned- March 13, 1822. FIRST SESSION OF THE COUNTY JUSTICES. Prior to the year 1831, the County Board (now the three County Com- missioners) comprised all the Justices of the Peace in the county. The first County Board was the Justices elected as stated above. They met at the- house of Jacob Cutler, early in June, 1822, for the transaction of busi- ness. One of the first acts was to divide the county into townships, an(J order an election held in each for the necessary officers. The number of townships erected at this time was four — Washington, Monroe, Ray and Harrison. James Shields was appointed Treasurer of the county, and Charles Beeler, Surveyor. The report of the Commissioners appointed by the Legislature to locate the county seat, was presented to the board at their first session, and formally accepted, and the Commissioners were paid and discharged. Nothing further can be stated regarding the early acts of the County Board, owing to the destruction of the records by fire a few years ago. This loss was a great misfortune to the county. THE FIRST CIRCUIT COURT. The first session of the Morgan County Circuit Court was begun at the house of Jacob Cutler, on the 25th of March, 1822, with Judge Will- iam W. Wick in the chair. He presented his commission from Gov. 16 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. Jennings constituting him President Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, for the period of seven years from January, 1822. On this commission was the following indorsement : State op Indiana, Third Judicial Cikcuit. Be it remembered, that on the 12th daj; of February, A. D. 1833, personally appeared before me, Miles C. Eggleston, President Judge of the circuit aforesaid, the within named William W. 'wick, who being duly sworn according to law, took the following oaths, to wit : That he will support the Constitution of the United States, and gf the State of Indiana; and that he will, to the best of his ability and judgment, discharge the duties of his office as President Judge of the fifth Judicial Circuit of the State aforesaid faithfully; and that he has not since the 1st day of January, 1819, either directly or indirectly, knowingly given, accepted or carried a challenge to any person in or out of the said State, to fight in single combat with any deadly weapon; and that he will not knowingly give, accept or carry a chal- lenge to any person or persons to fight with any deadly weapon in single combat, either in or out of the State, during his continuance in his said office. John Gray and Jacob Cutler produced their commissions as Associate Judges, and George H. Beeler and Benjamin Cutler produced theirs as Clerk and Sheriif respectively. Court was then declared open. The first business transacted was the adoption of a seal for the court, an im- pression of which was made on the record of the court. The next act was to admit Hiram M. Curry, Craven P. Hester and Calvin Fletcher to practice as attorneys at the court. The latter was appointed Prosecuting Attorney. Larkin Reynolds and Jonathan Williams were appointed County Commissioners to fill vacancies that had been made. Both the Clerk and the Sheriff then gave their official bonds, with satisfactory security, which were approved by the court. The first suit was a case in chancery, Jacob Cutler vs. J. M. Cox. The defendant not being a resi- dent of the State, the notice of the pendency of the suit was ordered published four weeks in the Indianapolis Q-azette, notifying him that un- less he appeared at the next term of the court to answer, the complainant's bill would be taken as confessed, and acted upon accordingly. The court then adjourned. THE SECOND CIRCUIT COURT. This session was begun at the house of Jacob Cutler on the 23d of September, 1822, present, John Gray and Jacob Cutler, Associate Judges. It having been made manifest that a place for holding court had been pre- pared at Martinsville, the new county seat, the Judges, in accordance with the enactment for the formation and organization of Morgan County, before proceeding to business, ordered an adjournment of the court to the house of George H. Beeler, in the town of Martinsville. The court re- assembled at 1 o'clock, P. M. Daniel B. Wick and James Whitcomb were admitted to practice law at the court. The Sheriff returned the following list of Grand Jurors : Jesse Stark, Conrad Burns, Beniamin Hoffman, Jesse Mulhollen, Humphry Harris, Wilson Taylor Thomas Lee, Joshua Taylor, John Caldwell, Solomon Tucker, James Donnard George Crutchfield, Eli Hadley, James Shields, William Hadley Samuel Scott, Sr., Thomas Reed and Isaiah Dressier. Stark, Mulhollen Wilson Taylor, Caldwell, Donnard and Crutchfield were not present ' Samuel Scott, Jr., and Richard Day were added to those present, and the Grand Jury thus constituted were sworn and directed to retire under the oh^Zl of Abraham Keedy, Bailiff The first case at this session was Wmiam HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. 17 Cooley vs. Jesse Smith, trespass vi et armis. The plaintiff was given time to amend his declaration. The next case was the State of Indiana vs. Edward Applegate, recognizance to keep the peace. The defendant's attorneys moved to quash the indictment, hut after a spirited discussion the motion was overruled, and Mr. Applegate was ordered to enter into bonds at $100 to keep the peace toward Gideon Wells. The next case was of the same nature, but William Pumroy was discharged from enter- ing into bonds to keep the peace toward Brice Witcher, whose fears were declared to be groundless. Ten cases came before the court at this session, of the following character, in the order named : Assault and battery, recog- nizance to keep the peace, same, chancery, same, assault and battery, pe- tition for divorce (Rachel Morrison vs. Thomas Morrison), covenant and assault and battery. Each Grand Juror was ordered paid 75 cents per day, and the bailiff the same. Christopher Ladd was granted a license to keep tavern at Port Royal. John Tiffany produced his commis- sion as Coronor of the county, and Thomas L. Galpin, his as Sheriff. The Grand Jury returned the following " True Bills : " Against James Stotts, Sr., for assault and battery ; against John L. Johnston and Joel Stroud for affray ; against Larkin Johnson and Michael Dittemore for affray, and against George W. Preston for retailing liquor without a license. The court then adjourned. , THE THIRD CIRCUIT COURT. This was begun at the court house in Martinsville, on the 1st day of April, 1823, before Judge Wick, and John Gray and Jacob Cutler, Asso- ciate Judges. Cephus D. Morris, Harvey Gregg, John Adams, Brecken- ridge Smith, Bethuel F. Morris, Elkin Nayler and Isaac Nayler were ad- mitted to practice law before the court. Thirty cases came before the court at this session, the greater number being for assault and battery. The Grand Jury returned eight " True Bills." The first Petit Jury were summoned at this session to try the case of the State vs. G. W. Pres- ton, for retailing liquor without a license. These men were Abner Cox, James Linn, Isaac D. Koffman, William Gregory, Henry Pence, Joseph Aulton, James Hadley, Thomas Reed, Jesse Rooker, Larkin Reynolds, Humphrey Harris and William Townsend. The defendant was found guilty, and damages were fixed at $2 and costs of suits. The plaintiff moved an arrest or stay of judgment on such a verdict, which was granted, and he was discharged. John Stipp was appointed to fill a va- cancy in the Board of Commissioners. Joshua Taylor was granted a li- cense to keep tavern. J. A. Breckenridge was appointed Prosecuting Attorney, vice Fletcher, who was unwell. John Sims was granted a license to keep tavern in Martinsville. SUBSEQUENT CIRCUIT COURT ITEMS. The October session, 1823, was held at the house of G. H. Beeler. Judges Wick, Gray and Cutler were present. Edgar A. Wilson and Daniel Goodwin were admitted to the bar, and Christopher Ladd was licensed to keep tavern at Port Royal. In March, 1824, the court con- vened at the court house. Gabriel J. Johnson and Hiram Brown 18 HISTORY OP MORGAN COUNTY. were admitted to the bar. In 1823, Edgar A. Wilson was admitted, also Daniel Goodwin; Hiram Burris in 1824; T. F. G. Adams, Michael G. Bright and Philip Sweetzer, 1824 ; James Braman, Andrew C. Griffith, W. W. Wick and Hiram Brown and Henry Hurst in l»^o ; Henry P. Coburn, James Forsee, Benjamin Bull and William Herrod in 1826 ; James Morrison in 1829 ; Tilman A. Howard in 1831 ; G. F. Waterman and W. 0. Ross, 1832 ; Ovid Butler, 1835 ; John Hutchen and Mason Hulett in 1837 ; Harvey Brown, 1838 ; Henry Seacrest and Algernon S. Briggs, 1839. THE FIRST PROBATE COURT. The first session of this court was begun at the house of George A. Preston on the 2d of May, 1822, before Jacob Cutler and John Gray, Associate Judges of the Circuit Court, who proceeded to appoint Jonathan Watkins as County Commissioner to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Larkin Reynolds. No other business was transacted at this session. At the September session, 1822, before the same Judges, the first bus- iness was the issuance of a citation against Edward Applegate, guardian of the infant heirs of Isaac Hollingsworth, deceased, commanding him to appear on a certain day to exhibit a true inventory of all the "goods and chattels, lands and tenements " of the deceased. Nancy Smith and John Reed were summoned as witnesses. This court was held at the house of Jacob Cutler. Nothing else was done until the 30th of September, when Mr. Applegate appeared and presented the following inventory of the goods, etc., of Hollingsworth, deceased : " Four promissory notes, aggregating $132.75 ; four head of horses, eight head of milk cows, two head of steers, one heifer, four yearlings, five calves, feathers for two beds, three cbverlids, five bed quilts, two sheets, nine delf plates, pewter plates, dishes and spoons, one earthern pitcher, one tin cofiee pot, tea cups and saucers, one shovel-plow and two hoes, a number of hogs, two metal pots, one drawer knife, one pigon and churn, one small wheel, two weaving slays, two bells, two empty barrels, 6ne rifled gun, one dutch oven, two chairs, one man's saddle, seventy- eight acres of land, one sieve, money on hand, $7, money collected from James Stills, $11.25 ; property sold to wit : 100 pounds of pork, 663 pounds of pork, one hog sold, two sows and pigs ; property in Kentucky as follows : One milk cow, one wagon and gears, one bed and bedding, five counter-panes, three pillows, three sheets, one trunk, one pot, one pigon, one ax, one tin bucket, two pewter plates, one pewter basin, one chair; amounts due from two men, $5.50." This inventory is given in full that all may know what constituted the real and personal property of the old settlers. Joshua Taylor was ap- pointed administrator of Hollingsworth's estate, and required to give bond in the sum of $1,000 for the faithful performance of his duty. Larkin Reynolds, Pressley Buckner and James Lang were appointed to appraise the estate. Mr. Applegate was to support the heirs, and have the use of the estate. This session was held at the house of G. H. Beeler in Mar- tinsville. In March, 1823, Thomas L. Galpin and Thomas Sailors were granted HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. 19 testamentary letters as executors of the estate of Jacob Coss, deceased. His personal estate was valued at $916.12^. And so the record goes on. Among the estates settled up within the next few years were those of Joseph M. Stotts, William Ballard, Isaac Overman, Conrad Burns, John Paul, Ira Ashton, Edward Warren, William Beeson, Elijah Knight, John Winter, Thomas Dickens, Robert Bradshaw, Ezra Wilcox, Thomas Deakin, Benjamin Bucket, James P. Vance and John Douglass. The first Probate Court held at the court house was in September, 1825. Probate business was done by the Associate Judges of the Circuit Court until 1829, at which time the first Probate Judge, John Matthews, took charge of the court. In 1853, the affairs of probate were merged into those of the Common Pleas Court, and in 1873 into the Circuit Court. THE FIRST COMMON PLEAS COURT. This was held before William G. Turick, Judge, beginning on the8tb of April, 1853. The final settlement of the estate of John Sims, who had died in 1843, and whose affairs had not yet been wound up, was the first business before this court. One amount of personal property was so great that the various inventories cover forty or fifty pages of the court records The Common Pleas, which included probate matters, was a separate court until 1873, when it was merged into the Circuit Court, and has thus re- mained until the present (1883). COUNTY COURT HOUSES. The first courts of Morgan County convened at the log house of Jacob Cutler, which stood about one block north of the northwest corner of the public square in Martinsville. In 1828, the work of erecting the first court house was begun, and in the autumn of 1824, the building was so nearly completed that courts convened there for the first time, as shown by the old court records. The building was a two-storied hewed-log house, and was located on the southwest corner of the present public square. The upper story was low, but little better than half a story, and contained the jury rooms. The lower story was the court room. This room was also the first meetinghouse, schoolhouse, lecture room, etc., of Martinsville. The building was about 25x35 feet on the ground, and was compactly built. This building was used until 1833, when the con- tract of constructing a brick court house on the square was let to 'Giles B. Mitchell for about $2,500. Mr. Mitchell was a practical brick-maker and brick-layer, and completed the work in 1834; but the woodwork was not finished until about two years later. The County Board was compelled to issue " orders " for the greater portion of the contract price. These orders depreciated considerably in value, though they were current funds for all ordinary expenses in the county. The building was two-storied, and was about 35x40 feet on the ground. It did not contain the county oflSces. These were in business or private buildings until about 1843, when small offices were erected on the square. About 1855, this build- ing was so dilapidated and unsightly that a new court house began to be talked of. The Gazette of March, 1856. having in view the incorpora- tion of Martinsville, then strongly talked of, as well as the erection of a new court house, remarked as follows : " The old court house, with its 20 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. crumbling foundation, cracked walls, diseased windows, shattered vane, drooping spire and moss-covered cupola, looking, as Judge Hughes re- marked from the bench at the last Circuit Court, ' like some bombarded block-house,' overlooks one vast sea of conglomerated water, mud and filth." The necessary pressure was brought to bear on the County Board, and in March, 1857, orders were issued for advertising for bids to erect either a combined courthouse and jail, or each to be built separately, the, total cost not to exceed $30,000. The contract was finally awarded to Perry M. Blankenship at about that price, the jail and court house to be built together. County bonds were ordered sold to meet the expense. The building was completed in 1859, at a cost of about $32,000. This is the present court house and jail. The court room is above, and oflSces below; the jail is in the northwest corner of the lower story, and the belfry is on the southeast corner. The hall extends through the building from north to south. The contractor evidently did his work well, as the structure is now almost or quite as good as new. On the 31st of March, 1876, the records of the county in the oflSces of the Clerk and Auditor were largely consumed by fire, supposed to have been done by some ras- cally official, to conceal the evidences of his defalcations or other crimes. This was a great calamity, and cost the county many thousands of dollars to copy what remained of the half-consumed records. Had the old rec- ords not been destroyed, this chapter might contain many items of inter- est which it now wants. COUNTY JAILS. The first jail was a small log structure, which was erected on the northeast corner of the square in 1824. It was built of heavy timber, and answered the purposes of the county until 1826, when it was de- stroyed by fire. Within three or four years, a brick jail was built about where the jailer's house now is on the square by Mr. Sailors. The out- side of the structure was of brick, the inside of heavy logs, and between the two walls were about eight inches of broken stone. This was used about ten years, when a much stronger log jail was built in the northeast- ern part of town. This was used until the erection of the present com- bined jail and court house in 1857-59. THE COUNTY SEMINARY. An early law of the State provided that certain fines and penalties should be used as a fund to found and maintain a seminary of learning in each county. A Trustee was appointed in Morgan County to care for the fund as it should accumulate, John Mathis being the first. The law provided that when the fund amounted to $400, the County Board at their option could build a seminary. In the spring of 1824, the fund amounted to over $80. It ran up rapidly in the 30's, the receipts for the fiscal year 1835 being $114.23 ; for 1836, $369 ; and for 1837, $79. In the year 1838, the fund amounted to over $2,000, and about that time the work of erecting a two-storied brick seminary was begun. The house was a fine structure for that day, and cost in the whole about $2 000 The first teacher was David Anderson, who taught alone. The second teachers were Elijah and Hannah Parks. "William H. H. Terrell is said HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. 21 to have been an early teacher. He afterward became Adjutant General of the State. Rev. Thomas Conley was another, as was a man named Bigham. Excellent schools were held there, quite a number of students coming in from abroad, paying tuition, and hoarding with residents of the town. After a few years, the institution largely lost its character as a county seminary, and became virtually the school of Martinsville. Stu- dents from distant portions of the county ceased to attend, and the insti- tution lost the influence designed by the founders. While the schools therein were at their best, the various expenses were paid from the tuition charged students and from constant accumulations of the fund. The re- ceipts to the fund in 1849 were $410.93. After the passage of the com- mon school law in 1852, provision was made by the Legislature that county seminaries should be sold, and the proceeds and subsequent col- lections of the fund should be paid into the common school fund. The seminary was accordingly advertised for sale, and finally, in 1854, trans- ferred to Andrew Finley for $1,100. It passed through several hands, and in 1856 went to Mr. Sparks, who transformed it into a woolen fac- tory. Mr. Deturk occupied it for the same purpose during the rebellion. It was torn down about 1864. THE COUNTY LIBRARY. An early law provided that ten per centum of the proceeds of the sale of county lots should be used to found and maintain a county library. The first books were purchased in the 30's, and a Treasurer and Libra- rian appointed. Subsequent collections of the fund as fast as obtained were invested in more books. About 500 volumes were finally secured. The project was gradually abandoned. Township libraries were furnished by the State in the 50's. An aggregate of more than 2,000 volumes was secured. The McClure bequest also furnished the county with a library. Many of these books may yet be seen scattered throughout the county. All these libraries have been replaced with the newspaper — the most po- tent " book " in ancient or modern times. THE COUNTY PAUPERS. The early care of the poor was more or less defective, but began soon after the county was organized. It was customary to " farm out the pau- pers " to the lowest bidders in the various townships, and this method often resulted in placing the helpless or unfortunate in the hands of animals by nature and hypocrites by practice. Sometimes they fell into Christian hands, sometimes into barbarous hands. The plan of " farming them out " continued without interruption until the first poor-farm was pur- chased on the 22d of March, 1844. The farm was bought of Enoch Graham for $1,200, and comprised 120 acres on Sections 25, 26 and 36, Township 12 north, Range 1 east. On this farm was an ordinary dwell- ing, which was afterward improved and enlarged, as were the stables and storehouses. New buildings were also erected. A Superintendent was placed in charge of the farm, and numbers of the county poor were re- moved there. Many continued to be taken care of in the townships, and this is true of the present time. A doctor was employed by the year or 22 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. visit to prescribe for tlie poor; he was called the " County PV^"\*°" , Nearly all the regular medical practitioners of the county have ofliciatea in that capacity. This farm continued to be the home of the P*"?®*;^ until 1869, when, owing to its smallness, the County Board ordered it sold and a new one purchased. William B. Taylor was appointed to carry this order into effect. The old farm was sold to Michael Hammons in July, 1869, for $2,100. The new farm was purchased of W. B. iaylor, N. T. Cunningham and Jacob Adams, and comprised about 120 acres, which cost about |12,000. The new brick poor-house was completed in 1871, and cost over $30,000, the brick and stone work being done by J. B. and P. F. Douglas. This building is a credit to the county. The annual poor expense of the county is now about $12,000. Among the later Poor Superintendents have been G. W. Preston, 1867 (the poor- house had twenty inmates then) ; Sampson C. Voyles, 1868 (thirty-one inmates) ; Charles Day, 1870-75 ; William H. Dryden, 1876-78 ; J. W. Duncan, 1879 ; Sylvester Jackson, 1880 ; George W. Walker, 1881-83. For a number of years past, the orphan poor of the county have been sent to Plainfield to be cared for and educated. The care of the county for its indigent and helpless is a credit to the humanity of the citizens. But few counties of the State show greater interest and care in this respect. THE FIRST AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. On the 20th of November, 1837, pursuant to a notice from the Coun- ty Commissioners, a number of the citizens of Washington Township met at the court house to organize an agricultural society, in accordance with the provisions of a legislative enactment of the previous winter. W. H. Craig was made Chairman of the meeting, and H. R. Stevens, Secretary. John Eokles addressed the assemblage and stated the object of the meet- ing. Much enthusiasm was manifested, and the following persons became stockholders by subscribing their names to the constitution and by-laws, and paying to the Treasurer $1 each : J. W. Bowzer, Benjamin Sweet, John Eckles, P. M. Blankenship, James H. Sheppard, P. M. Parks, S. E. Edwards, Benjamin Bull, Thomas F. Huff, Thomas Edwards, W. F. Laughlin, Francis A. Harryman, William Sheerer, F. A. Matheny, W. N. Cunningham, Thomas Miles, James Cunningham, Jonathan Carr, Eb Henderson, Franklin Corwin, John Sims, W. H. Craig, Philip Ander- son, William Lee, Charles B. Butler, Septimus T. Whiteman, Hewett Nutter, William Walters, William Duncan and Hannibal R. Stevens. The permanent officers were John Sims, President ; William Sheerer, Vice President; H. R. Stevens, Cor. Sec; T. F. Huff, Rec. Sec; Ben- jamin Sweet, Treasurer ; John Eckles, William A. Major, Thomas Miles, John Butterfield, Sampson Canatry, G. W. Baker, John Hardrick, M. D. Miller, Ephraim Goss, William Hadley, Luke Kennedy, J. H. Wood- small, Cyrus Whetzell, Abner Cox and Grant Stafford, Curators. No fair was held, as the organization soon died. THE SECOND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The second organization of this character was effected in August 1851, by the election of the following first officers : William H. Craig' HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. 23 President; WilliaiD G. Quick, Vice President ; James Jackson, Treas- urer ; Larkin Reynolds, Secretary. One Director was appointed in each township. The first fair was held on the open ground northeast of Mar- tinsville (now in town), on the 25th of October, 1851. The following premiums were paid : Best horse, William Cunningham, $5 ; second best, William Knox, diploma ; best jack, William Cunningham, $2 ; second best, William Knox, diploma ; best year old colt, Ira Hadley, $2 ; second best, William Hughes, diploma ; best sucking colt, William Knox, $1.50 ; second best, Henry Sims, diploma ; best brood mare, John A. Riggins, $3 ; second best, Allen Hicklen, diploma ; best bull, Elijah Pad- dock,-$4; second best. Grant Stafford, diploma; best cow, Elijah Pad- dock, $2 ; best calf, Elijah Paddock, $1 ; second best calf, Elijah Pad- dock, diploma ; best yoke of oxen, James C. Henderson, f 2 ; second best, James C. Henderson, diploma ; best boar, James Cunningham, $2 ; sec- ond best, W. H. Craig, diploma ; best bushel of wheat, Joel Mathews, $1 ; second best, Isaac G. Fletcher, diploma ; best sixty ears of corn, George W. Egbert, 50 cents; second best, Robert B. Major, diploma; best saddle and bridle, Thomas Nutter, $1 ; best five yards of jeans, James Stockwell, $1 ; best eight yards of flannel, Isaac G. Fletcher, $1 ; best peck of onions, Isaac G. Fletcher, 50 cents ; best bushel of Irish potatoes, Absalom Jarret, 50 cents ; best ten pounds of cheese, Amos Lawrence, 50 cents ; best butter, James Stockwell, 50 cents. The Treasurer's re- port on the 27th of November, 1851, was as follows : EEOBIPTS. Received by subscription $74 00 Received from county treasury 50 00 Total $124 00 DISBURSEMENTS. Paid for Secretary's books $ 1 50 Paid on account of premiums 35 75 Total 137 25 Balance in the treasury $86 75 The membership of the society about this time was seventy-five, con- siderable interest being manifested. It is stated that about the time this society was organized another started up in the vicinity of Monrovia. The facts cannot be given. It is certain that four or five years later there were two separate agricultural societies in the county, as an account of their consolidation appeared in the Grazette, published at Martinsville. The second fair was held at Martinsville in the southwest portion of the town. A small yard had been fenced in, to compel the curious and others to pay each a fee of 10 cents to see the exhibits. It is stated by Mr. Ray that several citizens presumed that they could pass in without pay- ing, and when they were refused admission unless the necessary 10 cents was forthcoming, they went off in high dudgeon. The premiums paid amounted to $128.90. James Prather exhibited a small but fine selection of fruit. A. B. Conduitt delivered an address of about an hour in length, which was published in full in the " State Agricultural Reports." On the second and last day of the fair, the rain fell so incessantly tnat not a lady appeared on the grounds. An excellent showing of live stock, grain 24 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. and vegetables was made. It is believed that the third or fourth f^i^J^^^ held at Centerton, though this is uncertain. In 1855, it was held at Mar- tinsville, the premiums paid amounting to $185. Bach season the County Board contributed from $50^ to $200 toward paying the expenses and fitting up the ground. The oificers at this time were Giles B. Mitch- ell, President ; Aaron Rose, Vice President ; Henry Sims, Treasurer ; 0. J. Glessner, Secretary ; W. H. Craig, Uriah Ballard, W. J. Brag, W. G. Gray, Jackson Record, Nathan Gilbert, John B. Cox, James Eg- bert, Cyrus Whetzel, Amos Lawrence, John C. Baker, Campbell Goss and James Ainkle, Directors. No fair was held in 1856, owing to the political excitement. In 1857, a large, well-attended fair was held at Centerton. And so they continued with increasing prosperity in every branch. Occasionally a year would pass with no fair, as during one or more years of the rebellion. Sometimes the society came out in debt at the end of the year. Some townships of the county took no interest whatever in the success of the organization. Considerable jealousy has existed between Martinsville and vicinity and Mooresville and vicinity, which has resulted in the formation of two distinct agricultural organiza- tions in the county. The one at Mooresville has led a precarious exist- ence. One was organized there in 1870, with a membership of 165, and a capital stock of $2,180. Fifteen acres of land were leased for ten years, of Samuel Moon, on Section 36, Township 14, Range 1 east. It was designed as a union organization with the southern part of Hendricks County. Some excellent fairs have been held there. Utter failures have also occurred. The society at Martinsville in 1879 bought of Morgan County, for $1,536.75, twenty acres and forty-nine hundredths of an acre, which had formerly belonged to the poor farm, and fitted up this ground for fairs, the first being held there in 1880. The grounds compare favor- ably with those of other counties of the State in buildings, fencing, sheds, track, water and accommodations. At the fair of 1882, about 500 pre- miun]^ were paid, aggregating about $3,000. The present officers are L. Sims, President ; John Nutter and L. Guthridge, Vice Presidents ; S. M. Guthridge, Treasurer ; H. A. Smock, Secretary ; A. M. Thornburg, Assistant Secretary; W. G. Bain, Superintendent; R. H. Tarleton, R. S. Aldrich, John Kirkham, H. R. Stevens, N. T. Cunningham, Harvey Gillaspy, N. Henley, Thomas H. Dixon, Henry C. Hodges and Merwin Rowe, Directors. COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETIES. During the summer of 1855, there was organized at Martinsville the " Morgan County Medical and Surgical Society." None but physicians of the Allopathic school could become members, and the society was a branch of the State Medical Society, and subject to about the same code of ethics. Among the members were S. A. Tilford, R. H. Tarleton B D. Blackstone, S. H. Schofield, W. W. Hoyt, A. W. Reagan, G.' b' Mitchell, W. A. Todd, W. C. Hendricks, J. J. Johnston, Dr. Patterson^ Dr. Spencer, Dr. Keiper and others. A Board of Censors was appointed' and much interest was manifested in the discussion of topics of interest to' the profession. The society gradually went down, and within a few years meetings were wholly abandoned. HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. 25 Pursuant to call, a number of the physicians of the county seat and other points in the county, met at Martinsville on the 25th of April, 1876, to organize anew medical society. Dr. Knight, of Paragon, was made Chairman and Dr. Douglas, Secretary. A committee of three was appointed to draft articles of association, and another committee of four was appointed to prepare a constitution and by-laws. Dr. J. H. Knight was elected permanent President; F. M. Douglas, Secretary, and E. V. Green, Treasurer. The following physicians have been members of this society : P. H. Perce, F. M. Douglas, E. P. Ritchey, R. C. Griffith, J. H. Knight, W. D. Monnett, W. S. Robertson, P. McNab, A. W. Rea- gan, G. B. Mitchell, E. V. Green, Jesse Regan, C. M. Lindley, J. P. Buckner, U. H. Farr, S. N. Rundell, S. A. Tilford, T. Holliday, R. D. Willan, James E. Clark, C. C. Holman, W. R. Curer, Charles Seatdn, John M. Snoddy, T. Stucky, W. E. Hendricks, W. P. Van Sant, J. C. Marker and Grant Monical. The object of the society as stated in the constitution is " the advancement of medical knowledge, the elevation of professional character, the protection of the interests of its members, the extension of the bounds of medical science, and the promotion of all meas- ures adapted to the relief of the suflFering, and to improve the health and protect the lives of the community." "Any graduate in medicine of a respectable medical school, who is in good moral and professional stand- ing, upon signing the constitution and paying $3 to the Treasurer," may become a member of the society by a vote of the members. Further than that, any person upon the payment of $5 to the Treasurer, and the pres- entation of a certificate of qualification to practice medicine, from the Board of Censors of the society, may become a member by vote of the members. The code of ethics of the American Medical Society was adopted. The records of the society show.great interest on the part of the members. Essays on important medical subjects are read, and pro- tracted discussions are had on the location, character and treatment of disease. The society is a credit to the medical profession of the county, though many of the most successful practitioners are not members. Dr. Kennedy, of the county seat, an eclectic physician of great prominence and skill, is one of the most successful practitioners of Mor- gan County. He is about the only representative of that excellent school of medicine. Homeopathy, which has made such wonderful strides in success and popularity during the last few years, has, at present, no rep- resentative. MORGAN COUNTY POLITICS. Unfortunately, owing to the destruction by fire a few years ago of the tally sheets in the Clerk's office at the county seat, the results of the early elections in Morgan County cannot be given. Old settlers state that the county was Democratic by a small majority, when the full vot- ing strength was out, though on "off years," when the opposing candi- date was a man of unusual prominence and worth, he often managed to wrest the spoils of office from his less fortunate antagonist. The county was organized in 1822, but politics cut no figure until the remarkable Presidential contest between Jackson, Adams, Clay and Crawford in the autumn of 1824. The administration of Mr. Monroe had been so pacific and conciliatory that former partisan lines had been almost wholly 26 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. Obliterated, and an "era of good feeling " had ^f -f y been es^ab^ lished. When the election of 1824 was transferred to the H°»^^ *» ^£. resentatives, and it became known that the P0P^l^'-7°'{'.^„;^^t ere again regarded by the choice of John Qaincy Adams, party !'??« J/^^'coun ? strictly drawn, and the first decided political division m Morgan County was experienc'ed. The election of 1828 made satisfactory amends by seat ing in the Presidential chair, Andrew Jackson, one of the ""O^* P^P^'J"^ Presidents the nation has had since Washington So much was he ad- mired for the peculiar elements of his character, that he was re-elected m 1832 So firm a hold did he secure upon the popular heart, that citi- zens ihroughout the county, during all the years from his administration until the present, have proudly and publicly announced themselves as "Jackson Democrats." The election of 1836 resulted in the selection of Martin Van Buren, whose administration was compelled to shoulder in 1837 one of the most disastrous financial crashes the country has ever encountered. Speculation had run riot. The wildest visions of finan- cial enterprise had taken possession of every breast. Everybody plunged recklessly into debt under the insane delusion that final settlement would be the careless pleasure of some future day. Jackson received the honors of the speculative madness ; Van Buren reaped the harvest of tares and cheat. When values, without warning, fell prostrate to the basis of act- ual worth, the failures everywhere were appalling in numbers and mag- nitude. Time alone soothed the desolate sea. The contest of 1840 was in many respects remarkable. It was the first time the " Great West" had come forward with a candidate. The cultured States of the East ridiculed the pretentions of the friends of Mr. Harrison by scornful allusions to the log cabins and the hard cider of Indiana and the Northwest. The suggestions were caught up with a shout by the friends of the Whig candidate?, and in their thousands of public gatherings hard cider and log cabins and canoes were the most popular and prominent features. Mr. Harrison was elected, and the Whigs were in ecstasies. The contest of 1844 was really upon the question of the admission of Texas into the Union. The Whigs opposed the admission, to prevent an increase of slave territory, and the Democrats favored it for the oppo- site reason. The election of Mr. Polk was a triumph of the Democrats, and insured the admission of Texas. The partial returns given below of this election in Morgan County were gathered from the half-con- sumed records stored in boxes in the hall of the court house : November, 1844. Madison . . Harrison.. Brown .... Green Total DEMOCRAT Polk and Dallas. 44 54 106 56 260 Clay and Frelinghuy- 3 37 252 8 800 Birney and Morris. HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. 27 This exhibit does not properly represent the result of the election in Morgan County if the statements of old settlers are to be relied upon. The election of Mr. Polk upon the issue above stated was taken by Mex- ico as a settlement of the question that Texas would be admitted into the Union. Mexico had threatened war with the United States in the event of the annexation of Texas, and accordingly, when the latter was formally admitted to the sisterhood of States early in 1845, war was declared. A full company was raised in Morgan County for this war, reference to which will be found in the military history of the county elsewhere in this volume. In the meantime, a few Abolitionists had appeared in the county, the most of whom were Quakers. They invariably polled their votes for the Liberty or Free-Soil candidates. In 1846, David Wilmot, of Pennsylvania, introduced in Congress a bill called the " Wilmot Proviso," which stipulated that slavery should be excluded from all territory thereafter annexed to the United States. This bill encountered the fiercest opposition from the Southern Members of Congress, and was finally defeated, though it formed an im- portant issue in the Presidential campaign of 1848, and was no doubt one of the contributing causes for the formation of the Republican party a few years later. The " Compromise of 1850," introduced in Congress by Henry Clay, became a law, and was regarded as a wise measure by both parties, though the old issues were quietly kept in mind during the campaign of 1852. The Democrats seated Mr. Pierce, and Gen. Scott, the Whig candidate, fresh with the laurels of victory from the battle-field, was permanently retired. In 1854, the adoption of the Kansas-Nebraska bill, introduced in Congress by Senator Douglas, virtually repealed the compromises of 1820 and 1850, and kindled a flame of indignation, unknown before in the history of the nation. The bill provided, among other things, that the citizens of the new States, Kansas and Nebraska, should decide at the polls whether slavery should be adopted or rejected. Open war in Kan- sas was the result. Mass meetings were held throughout the North to denounce the bill and adopt personal liberty bills. The Morgan County Gasette, edited by Edwin W. Callis, in 1855 espoused the cause of the new Republican party, and did more than any other cause to transfer the administration of county affairs to the new party. The editorials were a credit to the heart and brain of Mr. Callis, and to the party whose prin- ciples he so ably and bravely advocated. The Democratic majority in the county had begun to decrease about 1852. In 1855, it was less than 100, and in October, 1856, 0. P. Morton, the Republican candidate for Governor, received a majority of eight votes over A. P. Willard, the Democratic candidate. This, so far as known, was the first time the Democracy had failed to carry the county. Both parties in the county fought with all their strength over the November election, with the fol- lowing result : 28 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. NOVKMBBK, 1856. TOWNSHIPS. BBPUBLICAK Fremont and Dayton. DEMOCEAT Buchanan andBreck- enrldge. AMEEIOAN Fllmore and Doneloon, 300 74 27 33 46 187 207 330 137 113 83 98 46 307 194 331 58 133 61 100 37 165 45 61 130 26 15 3 Green 1 TTarrison • 3 Clay 5 Brown 3 Monroe 13 Adams 10 Q-reffff 5 Jefferson 2 Bay 11 Bak^r Total 1.570 1,538 68 Thi8 was really the first decisive victory for the Whigs. But the ex- citement over the questions growing out of slavery did not die out with this election. In 1858, the Supreme Court of the United States decided in the Dred Scott case that slavery was a national institution, and could not under the constitution be excluded from 'any State. This was fol- lowed by renewed excitement. About this time, John Brown, an extreme anti-slavery partisan, incited an insurrection of the slaves at Harper's- Ferry in Virginia, which resulted in the hanging of himself and several of his followers. The South soon saw that the rapid settlement of the North and the development there of an uncompromising hostility to slav- ery, would result in the selection of an anti-slavery Republican President in 1860. They therefore declared that the election of such a man would be regarded as a sufficient menace to the institution of slavery to warrant a withdrawal from the Union. The citizens of Morgan County were awake on all the exciting issues of the day. After the election of 1856, the county went back to the Democrats, but only by a feeble majority, which was decreased in 1858 and still more so in 1859. The contest in ]^60 was of the most exciting character. Both, or all, parties in the county thoroughly organized, and mass meetings were held everywhere with music, vocal and instrumental, and torch-light processions in bright uni- forms. The result was as follows : HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. November, 1860. 29 TOWNSHIPS. REPUB-. LICAS. Ldncoln and Hamlin. NORTH- ERN BE- MOCRACy. Douglas and Johnson. SODTH- ERN DE- MOCRACY. Brecken- ridge and Lane. Bell and Everett. "Washington. Adams Jefferson Madison Harrison . . . Monroe Jackson Brown Clay Green Gregg Baker Ray Total... Majority 384 150 81 67 42 314 85 196 147 39 158 47 145 371 138 73 117 56 44 198 111 90 309 45 80 145 13 1 3 3 25 7 1 1 1755 1516 62 15 162 I 57? 280 156 187 98 359 287 314 237 373 210 78 296 3348 The Republican majority continued to increase after this election. The issue of 1864 was whether the war should be continued or abandoned. Great concern was manifested over the result. The returns in Morgan County were as follows : Lincoln and Johnson, 1,793 votes ; McClellan and Pendleton, 1,283 votes, giving the Republicans a majority of 510. The vote by townships cannot be given. The Republicans were over- joyed, and the Democrats were correspondingly depressed. The result of the election of 1868 was as follows : November, 1868. TOWNSHIPS. REPUB- LICAN. Grant and Colfax. DEMO- CRAT. Seymour and Blair. Washington... Jackson Green Harrison Madison Brown Monroe Adams Clay Gregg Ashland Jefferson Rav Baker Total... Majority 873 182 47 46 60 330 386 125 214 159 70 139 75 42 2047 253 173 334 33 159 99 23 116 55 46 109 75 53 34 1460 634 354 381 79 219 329 309 241 269 205 179 314 128 76 3507 587 30 HISTORY OF MORGAN ^COUNTY. Great opposition had been brought to bear upon the administration of Gen. Grant. He was severely criticised by the opposing party in the various departments, especially in his financial management of the country and in the civil service. Many Republicans were dissatisfied with his management of the finances, and attributed the hard times to his adminis- tration. The result was that many Republicans and Democrats united to defeat his re-election in 1872. The following is the result in this county : November, 1873. TOWNSHIPS. REPUB- LICAN. Grant and Wilson. LIBEEAI, BEPUB- I.ICAH OB DEMO- CBAT. Greeley and Brown. Washington 398 189 37 38 49 344 307 390 114 156 113 143 43 83 349 Jackson 180 Green 196 Harrison 43 Madison ' , ... 146 Brown 189 Clay 83 Monroe 41 Adams 135 Gregg 43 Ray 70 Jefferson 63 34 133 Baker Ashland Total 3100 1633 Majority 467 Seventeen votes were cast in the county for the Bourbon Democratic ticket — O'Connor and Julian. From this vote it will be seen that the Republican majority had begun to decline. This was encouraging to the Democracy. Soon after this, the Greenback or Independent party sprang into life. Its origin was mainly due to the hard times resulting from the depreciation of values in endeavoring to return to a specie basis, and to strong opposition to national banks, and to the refunding of the Government bonded debt. The old parties were divided by about the same old issues. The result in the county was as follows : HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. November, 1876. 31 TOWNSHIPS. BEPUB- lilCAN. Hayes and Wheeler. DEMO- CKAT. Tilden and Hendricks GREEN- BACK. Cooper ani^ Gary. Washington. Jackson Green Harrison Madison Clay Brown Monroe Adams Gregg Jeflerson .... Ray Baker Ashland Total . . . Majority 421 194 28 40 55 182 276 321 126 144 111 139 45 85 386 210 213 43 144 111 141 45 150 91 109 71 45 130 48 5 31 10 10 7 4 6 6 9 4 2 4 2167 1889 146 278 This was a still greater reduction of the Republican majority. The Republican candidates were seated by an electoral commission ; and the successful financial management in returning to a specie basis and the general prosperity of the country were the causes which elected the Re- publican candidates in 1880. The Greenback party had become quite strong. The attack upon the national banks and upon Government bonds was continued, and a reform was demanded in the civil service. The election resulted as follows : November, 1880. TOWNSHIPS. REPUB- IICAH. Garfield. and Arthur. DEMO- CRAT. Hancock and English. GREEN- PEACE. Weaver and Chambers. 131 90 48 275 208 34 154 62 217 130 ■ 51 346 139 - 506 157 150 50 153 117 217 89 46 216 107 147 45 83 469 5 1 2 6 Clay 18 Green . 29 Greffff 11 Samson ... 6 8 2 6 2 Rav 2 35 Total 2391 2046 133 MaioritT 345 32 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. Since this election, the Republican majority ha8 been considerably reduced. The Democrats are confident of carrying the county in November, 1884. POPULATION Of THE COUNTY. The estimated population of the county in the summer of 1820 was 250. In 1830, the population was 5,593; in 1840, 10,741; in 1850, 14,576; in 1860, 16,110; in 1870, 17,^.28; and, in 1880, 18,899. John Vawter was the census taker in 1820. THE ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT. In 1840, the Quakers living in the northern part of the county or- ganized the Westfield Monthly Meeting of Anti-slavery Friends, at the head of which were JohnDoan, Robert Doan, Eli J. Sumner, David Doan, George Hadley, John B. Hadley, John Pfoff, William Hadley, W. E. Carter, Asa Bales and many others. The Doans were especially active in the movement. Before the organization of the meeting, back early in the thirties, strong ground was taken in opposition to slavery. Mr. Sum- ner, yet living at Mooresville, claims to have made the first anti-slavery speech in the county. It was in a debate in a schoolhouse northwest of Mooresville in 1835, with Rev. Mitchell, a Presbyterian minister, who had come from Tennessee. The minister aflSrmed the right of slavery and brought forward the Bible to sustain his position, but Mr. Sumner managed to head him ofi" with the same powerful authority, and was awarded the victory by the judges. Late in the forties and during the fifties this society helped off scores of colored refugees who were traveling by the Underground Railroad from stripes and bondage to the free soil of the dominion of the British Queen. Many others in different parts of the county were similarly engaged. In 1848, an organization was ef- fected, and a county free-soil ticket put in the field, but the vote was less than 100. COMMON AND GRAVELED ROADS. The acts of Congress early provided that five per centum of the pro- ceeds of the sale of Government land in Indiana s'hould be used to con- struct and maintain roads and canals, three-fifths of such percentage to be expended by the Legislature, and the remaining two-fifths by Congress. The three-fifths of the five per centum became known as the " Three Per Cent Fund," and was a Godsend to the early settlers, as it constituted al- most their entire revenue for the construction of State and county roads. The county was no sooner organized than the first installment of the fund was received from the Auditor of State, and immediately expended upon the first roads of the county. After many years, when this fund had become well-nigh exhausted from the decrease in the sale of land, other funds were devised, collected and expended. Early in the fifties, sev- eral corporate organizations were effected for the construction and main- tenance of toll and graveled roads, among those in the sixties being Clear Creek Gravel Road Company, Monrovia & Bellville Gravel Road Com- pany, Monrovia & Hall Gravel Road Company, Brooklyn Gravel Road Company, Mooresville & Monrovia Gravel Road Company, White River Valley Gravel Road Company, and others. Later, several others were HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. 33 projected and built. Within the Jast five years, there have been con- structed at county expense the following gravel roads : Martinsville & Rec- ord's Ferry Gravel Road, five miles long, estimated cost, $6,042; the Martinsville & Mahalasville Gravel Road, six miles long, estimated cost $7,820 ; the Taggart Station & Monroe County Line Gravel Road, two and a third miles long, estimated cost $7,000 ; the Morgantown & Johnson County Line Gravel Road, one and a half miles long, estimated cost $1,700. The total estimated cost of the four roads is $22,562; the county has three or four toll roads owned by private corporations now in operation. RAILROADS. The old Martinsville & Franklin Flat-bar Railroad was built in 1847-52, and the first cars came to the former place in the spring of 1853. The grading of the road was done almost wholly by citizens along the route, and when this was completed the Madison & Indianapolis Company fitted it with iron and rolling stock, and operated it for about five years, when the further running of trains was abandoned. At the close of the rebell- ion, Gen. Bui-nside obtained possession of the road, put down T-rails, put on a good class of rolling stock, and extended the road to Fairland in Shelby County. After running a few years, the road again went down, but some time afterward passed into the possession of certain New York parties, and from them to the present management — the C, I., St. L. & C. Company. About the year 1853, the New Albany & Salem Company projected the present Indianapolis & Vincennes road, and graded it through the greater portion of the present length, and probably wholly through Mor- gan County. But there, for some reason, the work was abandoned. At the close of the war, Gen. Burnside secured control, and fitted the road, mostly on the old grade, with suitable rolling stock. The old grade was on the opposite side of the river from Martinsville. About the time Gen. Burnside assumed control, the citizens of Morgan County donated $50,- 000 toward completing the road, with the proviso that the old grade should be used. Tkis offer was accepted by the company. But soon after this Martinsville and vicinity came to the front, and off'ered the com- pany $30,000 to cross the river, and locate a depot in the town, which offer was accepted, and the road, thus altered,' was completed. But the citizens who had donated the $50,000, declaring that the contract between them and the company, providing that the rolling stock should be upon the old bed had been violated, refused to pay their donations, and suit was brought to collect the amounts. After several years of lawing, a compro- mise was effected, whereby one-half the donation was to be paid, but as a matter of fact only about $15,000 of the $50,000 was received by the company. Martinsville and vicinity had paid the $30,000 according to contract. A few years ago the road was leased by the Pennsylvania Company. THE COUNTY PRESS. The first newspaper published in Morgan County was established at Martinsville early in the forties by James Richards. The sheet was a small folio, was printed often upon paper obtained from the stores in 34 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. town, and upon a small wooden press, and was non-partisan. It con- tained considerable news and was conducted a year or more, and then abandoned. The second paper was established at Mooresville during the summer of 1846 by Thomas L. Worth. It was a five-column folio, with columns fully half an inch wider than the usual size, and was non-par- tisan. It was called the Mooresville Chronicle, and cost" $2 per year when produce was taken and ten per centum off for cash in advance." In 1851 or 1852, it was removed to Martinsville, where the name was changed to Morgan County Gazette. Mr. Worth issued it irregularly until the 12th of May, 1855, when it was purchased by Edwin W. Callis, who enlarged it to a six-column folio, and fixed the subscription at $1.25 per annum. During the political excitement late in the fifties, and dur- ing the war of 1861 to 1865, the paper under Mr. Callis exerted un ex- tremely powerful influence over affairs in the county. Its Republicanism and loyalty to the Government were of the most ardent character. In 1857, J. W. Howard was connected with the Crazette. T. F. Orner was associated with Mr. Callis from June, 1857, until the latter part of 1858 or the early part of 1859. A. A. Barrakman was his associate in 1861 and 1862 ; W. H. Smith during the first years of the rebellion, and J. V. Mitchell for twenty months, beginning in October, 1870. In 1870, the politics of the paper became Independent, and were subsequently gradu- ally changed to Democratic. Several other important changes were made. In about 1874, A. and L. 0. Callis, daughters of Mr. Callis, became own- ers and publishers of the paper, Mr. Callis still remaining editor and manager. The paper is now owned and published by Lizzie 0. Callis, present State Librarian, and is edited by Mr. Callis, the veteran printer who has been at its head for twenty-seven consecutive years. The paper is the Democratic organ of the county, is ably managed, has a large, use- ful circulation and a liberal advertising and job work patronage, and is a credit to the editor and the Democracy of the county. In July, 1856, P. S. Parks and C. S. Hilbourne established at Mar- tinsville a Democratic newspaper called the Morgan County Monitor. The sheet was a six-column folio, and was an able and earnest advocate of the Democratic principles of that stormy period.* After a few years, various changes were made in the ownership and management, all of which cannot be given here. The paper was called the Clarion during the war. John Storey was connected with it during the early stages of the rebellion. Hilbourne severed his connection with it in 1862 or 1863. Leonard H. Miller published the sheet in 1863, secured a large circula- tion and the proceeds thereof, and then decamped, it is said, between sun- set and sunrise. About July, 1863, the name was changed to Morgan County Express. During the latter part of the war, and later, the paper was owned and managed by W. B. Burns and B. H. Bainbridge. About the year 1867 the paper was discontinued. Under some of the manage- ments, the paper was bright, newsy, and exerted a strong influence over the politics of the county. Under other managements, it led a precarious existence, and was suspended for short periods. Soon after the Gazette left the Republican party, in 1869 or 1870 the prominent members of that party, feeling lost without an organ' raised a subscription of about $800, and advertised for a practical printer HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. 35 to come on and found a new paper at the county seat, and, accordingly, W. H. Eagle, of the Danville Union, answered the call, purchased with the money subscribed a full office outfit, and on the 11th of August, 1870, issued the first number of the Martinsville Republican, a seven- column folio newspaper. J. G. Bain became editor, though he had no pecuniary interest in the enterprise. Among those Wvho had raised the funds to establish the paper were T. B. Mitchell, J. J. Johnston, J. R. Shelton, William Kennedy, J. R. McBride and a few others, in all about eight. The paper encountered the severest opposition from the Q-azette and from the Democrats ; but after two years of incessant warfare, became well established, with a steadily increasing circulation. About the 1st of December, 1870, the entire office was sold to J. G. Bain and Henry Smock, the latter, having been a practical printer in Chicago, becoming publisher, and the former continuing as editor. About this time the paper became an eight-column folio. During the latter part of 1874, Mr. Smock sold his interest to Mr. Bain, since which time Shell Parks, C. S. Crary, G. W. Ryan, John D. Whitted and Elmer Whitted have been connected with the paper at different periods as writers, without owning an interest. In May, 1882, S. W. Macy began work upon the paper as associate ' editor, and is thus engaged at present. In the autumn of 1874, the sheet became a seven-column quarto, and in May, 1882, a six-column quarto, the entire paper being printed on the new steam cylinder power press purchased at that time at a total cost, including much new material, of over $1,200. This was the first steam press ever in the county, and is the only one up to the present. The paper is the official organ of the Republican party in the county, has a wide circulation and a satisfactory job and advertising patronage, and is ably edited and managed by Mr. Bain. In about 1869 or 1870, Lang & Weil issued at Mooresville three numbers of a paper called the Vindicator, which then died for the want of breath. Prof. E. H. Dorland then took the office, with Benjamin Dakin, and the sheet was issued successfully for about a year and a half under the name Enterprise. P. T. Macy then bought the establishment, and James H. Burke became editor, conducting it thus two or three years, when Macy sold out to Charles McNichols, a young man yet in his teens, who made a failure of the enterprise within a year, and the prop- erty went back to Mr. Macy. Burke, who had gone to Ohio, came back and took charge of the editorial department, and the paper became the Herald. A. W. Handibo was connected with the office for a short time. About 1874, Burke bought the paper and continued it until 1877, and then sold out to E. F. Tennant, who ran the office until 18^0, when it went to a stock company and became the Monitor. A. W. Macy, now of the Martinsville Republican, became editor, but in September, 1881, retired, and was succeeded by W. A. Hunt, the present editor and man- ager. The paper has been Republican under all the managements, has at present a larger circulation than ever before, and has a fair job and advertising patronage. Morgantown has enjoyed the luxury of several newspapers. In 1878, William D. and John Eves began to issue a small neutral sheet, called the Morgantown Qyclone. Unlike other storms of this nature, it created 36 HISTORV OF MORGAN COUNTY. no destruction of life or property. After continuing a year or two, the office was sold and removed to Brown County. After an interval, the same press was brought back, and George Allison, senior and junior, started a new neutral paper called the Morgantowri Sunshine, it seemed so appropriate to have sunshine after a cyclone, that the contrast, as was thought, would be so welcome that all would take the paper and contrib- ute to its support. But the people seemed to love cyclone better than sunshine, possibly after the theory that evil deeds seek the darkness, and did not support the new paper as well as they did the old. The result was its suspension. It was revived by R. M. Dill during the political compaign of 1882, but it then died without prospect of future life. The office was removed during the summer of 1883. LIST OF RESIDENT ATTORNEYS. Benjamin Bull, John Eakles, Larkin Reynolds, Sr., A. S. Griggs, Will- iam G. Quick, William R. Harris, William P. Hammond, Daniel Mc , William W. Burns, Abraham A. Barrickman, Oliver R. Daugherty, Joseph Barwick, Bazil Champer, William S. Shirlet, F. P. A. Phelps, C. F. Mc- Nutt, George W. Grubbs, M. H. Parker, James H. Jordan, James V. Mitchell. The above are among the more prominent of the older attor- neys. A full list of the present legal practitioners will be found in another 51,985 40 Demand certificates of deposit 50,591 70 Total $293,715 63 The Mitchells are doing a limited banking business in the town. EDUCATION AT THE COUNTY SEAT. But little can be learned of the early schools of Martinsville. No school was probably taught until 1823, and might have been as late as 1824, but at that date there was certainly a school taught during the warm months on the porch of an old house on the west side of the square, by Dr. John Morrison. The names of all the early teachers cannot be stated. After that date, school was held more or less every year, in private dwellings, in houses that had been vacated by the owner, and in the old log court house on the southwest corner of the square. Some have said that the first school at Martinsville was taught by James Cunning, in a barn northeast of town, said to have been the property of Samuel Scott. Amy Magee was an early teacher also. In 1827, an old vacated log building on the square was used for school purposes. All these schools were supported by subscription, the parents paying from $1 to $2 for each of their children for the term usually of three months. About the year 1838, a small frame schoolhouse was erected near the present residence of Mr. Branch, which was used continuously until 1839. Two of the teachers in this house were William Lee and a Mr. Welch. It is stated that a man named Hiram Lamb taught in the 96 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. town as early as 1828 or 1829. His name is one of the earliest that can be mentioned. He taught reading in the testament, writing on rude pa- per with a quill pen, and "ciphering" from Pike's arithmetic. Welch taught several terms,. and was a man of considerable learning. He was a strict disciplinarian, and flogged his pupils on the least provocation with a long hickory gad well seasoned in the hot embers of the fire. Mr. Lee was club-footed, and also had some peculiar deformity of his hands or arras. He knew how to whip. The old "dunce cap " was a favorite institution of his, and many a time and oft did it grace the heads of of- fending pupils. In about 1839, the first school was taught in the county seminary by an eccentric Irishman named David Anderson. He was well educated for that day, and was an accomplished instructor and disciplinarian. As the seminary was an institution of the cOunty, it was well attended from the start, not only by the young men and women of the county seat, but by others from distant portions of the county, the latter boarding in town during each session of school. The smaller children of the town were largely excluded, and were provided for in the old frame schoolhouse and elsewhere. The educational center, however, was the seminary. Excellent schools were held, many of the higher branches being taught there from the first, and a thorough preparation for college being fur- nished a few years later. The present common school system of to-day was unknown then. All the ordinary schools were sustained by private means, and by the proceeds from the sale of the sixteenth section in Congressional townships. The advocates of popular taxation for the sup- port of public schools were regarded as fanatical and wholly unjust in their views. Then the burden fell upon the parents of large families, who, owing to their poverty, were the least able to educate their children. Citizens in good circumstances, but without children, escaped the burden. The county seminary scheme was quite popular, as it furnished an educa- tion higher than could be secured at the subscription schools. But as time passed public sentiment was molded in favor of making property the basis of taxation for the support of public schools and not the number of children. This led eventually to the adoption of the foundation of the present free public school system, first in 1843 and later in 1852. Dur- ing the forties, the steady decadence of the seminary system transpired. That institution in Morgan County lost favor, and gradually became a school for the county seat and vicinity, and not for the whole county. The attendance from abroad steadily decreased until in 1846 the institution was no longer one for the whole county. After 1853, school- houses, built and supported by taxation upon property, sprang up in all portions of the county, and the seminary was ordered sold, and the pro- ceeds became part and parcel of the common school fund. The old sem- inary did good service in its day. About the time the seminary was sold, two or three small frame school- houses were erected in Martinsville, one in the southern part, one in the northeastern, and one in the northwestern. They were not built, how- ever, at the same time, but at intervals during the fifties. Why one large building with two or three rooms was not built is not clear. But the novelty of the common school system, and the prevailing ignorance WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 97 of its practical working, prevented it for a period of years from exclud- ing the old private or subscription schools, which had formerly been the universal source of education of the masses from the town, and accord- ingly during the fifties numerous private schools were taught, a strong demand existing for the higher branches. In 1855, M. L. Johnson opened the " Martinsville Female Academy," in the rooms over Mr. Crary's store. Several terms were taught, and considerable energy was manifested, but the institution did not sustain the hopes of its founder. Various other schools of a similar character were conducted for short pe- riods about the same time. In about 1860, the old Baptist Church, which had stood unused for some time, was transformed into a high school building under the private control of Dr. Snoddy, who, if reports are cor- rect, conducted a select school of great excellence for about two years. He was succeeded in 1862 by Miss M. F. Jones (now Mrs. Wigginton), who taught with universal favor for three consecutive years. In 1865, R. V. Marshall succeeded Miss Jones, and had as assistants A. M. Cunning and Miss Comer. Marshall was a capable man, having been educated at the State University at Bloomington. In 1867, the front part of the present high school building was constructed at a cost of about $13,500, William Orner being the contractor. About one-third of the cost was paid by Washington Township. As yet, the town, though incorporated, was one of the common school districts of the township. Mr. Marshall, with two as- sistants and with a salary of $1,000, was employed to commence theschool in the new building, which he did, continuing for about two years. His suc- cessor was Prof. Webster, who remained but a short time. In 1870, the town became an independent school district, and immediately purchased for $4,000 the interest which Washington Township owned in the high school building. In 1877, a fine addition to the building was erected for $6,000. Mrs. Stanford succeeded Prof. Webster, and was in turn succeeded by Prof. French. The present Principal, Prof. Starkey, took charge of the school about six "years ago. Under his management the usefulness of the school has been doubled. He is a man of fine talent and culture. The school is one of the best of the kind in the State. In July, 1883, the town Trustees purchased an entire block in the eouth- eastern part of town for $2,000, upon which a temporary frame school- house is to be erected. This was rendered necessary by the inefficacy of the present house to meet the wants of the town. After a few years, the frame building to be erected will be converted into a janitor's residence,^ and a fine brick school building will take its place. This is glancing ahead, however. RELIGION AT THE COUNTY SEAT. Circuit riders of various religious denominations came to Martinsville early in the twenties, but if any attempt was made to found a class it resulted in nothing but failure. Late in the twenties, however, a small class of Meth- odists was partially organized, the greater number of the few members living outside of the town. This small class of Methodists was organized at the old log court house in 1827, among the earliest members being G. A. Phelps. James Epperson, John Craig, Edward Talbot, Noah Allison, Benjamin Bull, Dr. Francis A. Matheny, Jacob Harryman, Archibald 98 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. Cramer. Fred Gardner and their families and others. Late in the thirties and early in the forties, the class met at the house of Mr. Gardner for wor- ship. Ministers of the Presbyterian, Christian, Baptist and other de- nominations appeared and preached to motley assemblages of citizens in the court house and the schoolhouse. The second permanent class organ- ized in the town was that of the Cumberland Presbyterian. It was fully organized in 1841, by Rev. Elam McCord, with the following member- ship : Isaac D. and Thurzea Sheppard, John Taggart and wife, William Morgan and wife, James Maxwell and wife, Robert Hamilton, Grand- mother Bothwell, Polly Ray, Mrs. John Cox, Mrs. Anna Williams, Mrs. Franky Wilson. It was organized in the court house. Soon after this, Mr. Sheppard circulated a subscription list to raise means to build a church. He soon had about $600 subscribed. The few Methodists and Christians in the town about this time discovered what Mr. Sheppard had accomplished, whereupon members of those denominations, not to be out- done, also circulated subscription lists, but were met with the objection that it was out of the question to try to build three churches in the town at that time, and the attempts by these denominations were abandoned for the time. The Presbyterians were so active that their church, a small brick structure yet standing in the town, was constructed by James Craw- ford the following year, 1842. The total cost was about $1,500. Addi- tions later cost $500. Rev. McCord served the class for seven consecu- tive years — from 1840, when he first visited the town, to 1848. James Ray, William Orner, Samuel Downing, Benjamin Sweet, carpenters, worked out their subscriptions on the building. This old church was used until two years ago, when the present fine brick structure was erected by the same class at k cost of over $6,000. The class has been prosper- ous since the start, and has had a Sunday school the greater portion of the time. W. H. Miller, a most excellent man for the place, and a lead- er of the church, is the present Superintendent. The missionary work done by this class is said to be the largest in the conference. This is largely due to Mr. Miller's efforts and management. The Methodists, as has been stated, had an organization at the coun- ty seat as early as 1827. The Grays, Crawfords and Warrens belonged later. The church was not built until about 1848-49. It cost about $1,000. Among the members at this time were Jacob and Catharine Harryman, Charity Gardner, Mr. McCormack's family, A. D. Rose, Susan Rose, Thomas Downing, Nancy Downing, William Downing, E. T. Harryman, John Edwards, Elizabeth Barrickman, Hester Barrick- man, Mathew Whetstine and wife, Mr. Elliott, Martha Orner, W. W. Wilson, and those mentioned above, and others to the number of about forty. The frame church was used until 1873, when the new brick struct- ure was built at a cost of nearly $17,000. Among the ministers have been Tinsley, Williams, Dorsey, Clifford, Powell, Dane, Wharton, Lath- rop. Smith, Sutton, McCan, Oulmer, Grim, Asbury, Thompson, Chap- man, Hayes, Binkley, Talbot, Brant, McGinnis, and the present minister, J. H. Ketcham. The church has a membership of about 300, and has had a prosperous Sunday school for many years. The Christian class was organized early in the forties, and a church was built about 1846. Among the members were P. M. Parks, Perry BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 99 Blankenship, Benjamin Sweet, James Jackson, John Sims, William Ma- jor, Job Hastings, Joel Wilson, W. H. Craig, Samuel Tucker, Thomas Hess, Allen Hess, Jackson Warner, W. J. Sparks and others, including the families of the above. The class has been one of the most prosperous at the county seat. The same building, to which many improvements have been added, is yet in use. A Sunday school was organized at an early day, and has endured until the present with a large increase in the membership. The Tuckers have been prominent in the church since the first. The Baptists organized at Martinsville as early as 1850. A. B. Alsip, the Frinks, and others were members. The brick church was built about 1857, but for some reason was not finished. The leading Baptists removed from the town, and the building was transformed into a school- house, being thus used until after the last war, when it was purchased by the Catholics for $700, and has since been used by them. Father Gillig was the first priest. Among the members who have belonged are B. Gil- lig, George Frisz, Mrs. Magee, Mrs. Singleton, Mrs. Woods, Pat King and family, Peter Miller and family, Mrs. Lockhart, Mrs. Max- ville, Peter Rooney, Mrs. Gillig, George Estling, Charles Schrader. The priests since Father Gillig have been Father Snell, Father Erceneus, Father Victor and Father Stanislaus, the present priest, who visits the class once a month. POPULATION. In 1823, there were about ten families at Martinsville. In 1830, the population was about 175 ; in 1840, about 400 ; in 1850, about 525 ; in 1860, about 700 ; in 1870, about 1,350 ; in 1880, abowt 1,943; and in 1883, about 2,300. BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. THE PIONEERS. THERE are many interesting historical items connected with Moores- ville and vicinity. The settlement there, after it had begun, was so rapid, and the settlers were so intelligent, moral and thrifty, that the northern part of the county was not surpassed by any other portion for enterprise and general advancement and excellence. It is difiScult to give with any certainty the name of the first settler in Brown Township, as several came in about the same time. If carefully sifted reports are re- liable, there was no permanent settler until 1819, at which time a half dozen or more arrived. The first man was probably either Hiram Mat- thews, Benjamin Cuthbert, Charles Reynolds, Thomas Lee, Samuel Bar- low or William Ballard, all of whom entered the township for permanent residence in 1819. It is thought that Mr. Ballard was the first, as he opened a tavern on the old "Whetzel Trace " early in 1819. Among others who came during the next three or four years were John H. Bray, Eli Hadley, Harris Bray, Asa Bales, William McPherson, James Hadley, 100 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. Barclay Burria, Edward Bray, R. G. Burris, John D. Carter, then a boy, Joel Dixon, Thomas Ballard, Richard Day, Nathaniel Carter, Charles Vertrees, Joshua Carter, Levi Plummer, William Booker, Samuel Jones, William Gregory, I. W. Rooker, Ira Mendenhall, William Reason, Henry McCracken, William Bales, Benjamin White, William McCracken, Benjamin Thornburg, John Wilson. Thomas McNeff, William McNefF, William Matlock, Samuel Barlow, Joseph Moon, Eli Harvey, Samuel Moore and many others. The poll-tax payers in 1842 were Gary Bea- son, Edward Brady, William Brady, Caleb Beason, Harris Bray, John B. Burt, John Blanton, R. G. Burris, Smith Boyd, W. M. Black, Bar- clay Burris, Martin Beason, John Caveness, Alexander Conduitt, John Carter, J. H. Combs, Joshua Cox, J. L. Cox, John D. Carter, Perry Carpenter, Gabriel Coble, Daniel Cox, Nathaniel Carter, William Day, Aiken Daiken, Daniel Day, Thomas Dunegah, Nathan Dixon, Riley Dixon, John Day, Samuel Edmundson, Samuel Evans, John E. Fultz, Isaac Ferrand (a cooper), William Fogleman, William Fields, Dr. A. V. Gray, Daniel Greeson, M. T. Hadley, Eli Harvey, Simon Hadley, Will- iam Hadley, Dr. John Hiner, Job Hadley, David Harvey, Robert Har- vey, W. B. Harrold, Reuben Harris, Noah Housand, Joseph Hiatt, William Hardridge, John Hardrick, Jabez Hunt, Soloman Hunt, William Hinson, Thomas Herrold, T. E. Johnson, Hezekiah Jessup, John John- son, P. P. Johnson (a tailor), James Johnson, George Kimbro,^ J. R. Kerr (a weaver), J. S. Kelley, Obed King, James Lindley, Aaron Lloyd, William Leathers, Joel Landrum, Alfred Moore, Samuel Moore, G. D. May, Hiram Matthews, John Matthews, John B. Moon, William Mc- Cracken, Henry McCracken, Riley McCrary, William McPherson, Thomas McNeff, Ricks Newby, Robert Newby, M. L. Orell, James Pad- dock, John J. Pfoff, John Pope, Dixon Pennington, R. E. Preston (a school- teacher), Michael Rusee, Jesse S. Rooker, Isaac Reed, Thomas Rariden, James Richardson, Allen Robertson, T. H. Rooker, J. W. Richards, Jacob Shanafelt, Pleasant Sumner, Henry Shanafelt, J. E. Starr, S. V. Scott, B. D. Scott, John W. Thompson, Benjamin Thornburg, William Towell, I. W. Rooker, George Rosier, Reuben Rariden and Eli Vestal. This list is given to preserve the names of as many old settlers as possible. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND INCIDENTS. White Lick Creek was the attraction in early years. The land bor- dering it was nicely rolling, and was largely alluvial, and almost inexhaust- ible in fertility^ Log cabins arose in every direction along its banks, and i-n a very short period waving seas of wheat and other grain could be seen. Richard Day built a small corn cracker on the creek as early as 1822. A small dam was built across the stream, and a short race conveyed water to the old " flutter wheel," which propelled a small pair of buhrs made of sand stone. The flour that was made at this mill invariably contained sand from the old stones. The settlers were accordingly full of sand in more respects than one. Their teeth were always sharp and their appe- tites good, both being whetted, no doubt, on the sand. It was a cheap grindstone. People were not as fastidious then as regards what they ate as they are now. Now we have this patent fandangled process that turns out flour so fine that you cannot see it with a microscope. Mr. BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 101 Moon erected his saw mill on the East Fork in 1823. It was a rude affair, but furnished considerable native lumber for a few years. Mr. Moore says that when he reached the township in 1823, wolves, bears and numerous herds of deer were almost every-day sights where Mooresville now stands. John H. Bray started the first fulling mill in the central part of Indiana. It was located a short distance west of Mooresville, and commenced operation a year or two before 1830. It was a rude affair, but it served the purposes of the neighborhood. He did not even card. The settlers were obliged to do that themselves by hand. They bought their cards of Samuel Moore, who purchased them in the East with his goods. Mr. Moore also brought in huge bales of cotton, which were pur- chased and transformed into cloth by hundreds of wives for miles around. A calico dress at 37J cents per yard (only four yards), was then regarded as the most stylish costume in the woods. Mrs. Thornburg brought with her her silk wedding dress, but folks would have called her " stuck up " if she had dared to wear it. She used it to make winding sheets for the children that died in the neighborhood. Soon after the Thornburgs reached the township their horses were stolen, and while the men were gone for a week or more in pursuit, Mrs. Thornburg was left alone with three or four small children. She worked nearly all the time they were gone, burning brush and logs, and getting ready for the coming crop. She was the daughter of Rev. Peter Monical, a Methodist minister of more than ordinary ability and piety. The Thornburgs have since been among the most enterprising and respected citizens of the county. John H. Bray was a large man, and wielded great influence wherever he moved. During the winter of 1821-22, he is said to haye killed twenty-eight deer without going hunting. That shows how numerous those animals were. Their hides were worth about $1, and often their flesh was worth little more than nothing. Coons were numerous and their hides were worth about a drink of whisky. It is told on the venerable Samuel Moore, that, on one occasion, a coon skin was traded him for a drink of whisky. He threw the skin up in the loft and resumed his place behind the counter. Some thirsty fellow took it down unnoticed by Mr. Moore, and traded it to him a second time for a drink. The crowd assembled caught the idea, and the cheat was repeated again and again until Mr. Moore imagined he had a loft full of fine skins. It is quite likely that the fellow who told this story had been reading the life of David Crockett, and had borrowed the tale to tell at Mr. Moore's expense. Mr. Moore bought and traded for coon skins, however, but he recollects nothing about finding his loft full of emptiness. The tale is a myth. How foolishly credulous some persons are, and how many will base fact on fiction ! CONTINUED REMINISCENCES. The old Moon Saw Mill continued to operate for several years. Har- ris Bray owned a saw mill about a mile and a half east of town, and also conducted a small distillery there for a number of years. When Hiram Matthews came to the township in 1820, a heavy fall of snow had just fallen. He crossed the tracks of seventeen different bears, all turned south except one. Benjamin Thornburg came in 1822. He had no corn, and coutd get none in the settlement, and went up northeast of Indian- 102 HISTORY OP MORGAN COUNTY. apolis to Strawtown, where he obtained a supply which was floated down White River to the Bluffs, and then hauled out by wagon. He helped his neighbors roll logs thirty days of the first season, and in return had his rolled. It was a sight, no doubt, to' see thirty or forty men in a big field where logs and brush lay in every direction. The men would be divided into companies with Captains, and each party would try to outdo the others. Four strong, skillful men with handspikes would pick up and carry an enormous log. It would take about a score of men nowa- days with half a dozen derricks to lift such a log ! You are not required, reader, to believe that statement unless you so desire. The women would usually gather to do the cooking, and the times in and around the cabins were about as lively, and far more attractive than out in the field, for our mothers were young then, and strong, and had the bright faces, round forms and light jokes and laughter which we so well remember in our boyhood days. We cannot be too kind to the old grandfathers and grand- mothers whose feet never tired waiting upon us when we were helpless. BEAR STORIES. One day in September, about the year 1829, Nathaniel Carter went to Richmond, Ind., to attend the Quaker annual meeting. While he was gone, along during the evening Ira Mendenhall came over to his house to get help to haul in a large bear that he had just killed. He said that he had gone out to get his cows, and had discovered the bear, whereupon he fired and wounded it. He chased it and wounded it with a second shot. This so disabled the bear that he was enabled to get close enough to fin- ish it, which he did with a shot through the head. It was a very large animal, and was hauled to the house with a horse. J. D. Carter, then a large boy, walked behind to see that the bear kept on its belly so that its hair would not be injured. The hide was taken off and put to soak. Mr. Rooker was asked to come over to judge whether the meat would do to eat. He pronounced it good, and the neighbors were accordingly re- galed with choice bear steak. They also pronounced it good. One day J. D. Carter was digging ginseng root near the woods. Upon looking up suddenly, he was astonished to see a large bear on a limb not many rods distant. He was considerably scared, and ran to the house to get his father. Mr. Carter, Sr., hurried out with his gun, and brought Mr. Bruin down at the first fire. The animal weighed about 300 pounds. A SNAKE STORY. In April, 1823, the rattlesnakes were very numerous where Richard Day lived, near the toll gate east of Mooresville. There was a den of them in the big spring there. The Day boys and Carter boys secured severa,l tall sycamore gums and placed them by the springs, and then by watching with long poles succeeded in throwing thirty-six of the venomous reptiles into the gums, whence they could not get out. On Sunday, sev- eral neighbors gathered to see the snakes. Blood was taken from the arm of some man present, and held in a cup, while the snakes were maddened with a stick, and permitted to strike several times into a small piece of cloth, and then the cloth thus poisoned was dipped in the blood. Ac- cording to J. D. Carter, who witnessed the experiments, the blood**' boiled BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 103 and boiled." After the blood had been thoroughly poisoned, the cele- brated rattlesnake root was crushed up and placed in the cup, whereupon the boiling instantly ceased. This is a snake story. SAMUEL MOORE. This well-known man who is yet living in Mooresville, at the age of eighty-four years, with recollection not a whit impaired by the ravages of time, came to Brown Township in 1823. He had been a resident of Salem, Ind., for a short time previously, and had there formed a partner- ship with Mr. Newby, of the firm of Booth & Newby, of Paola, by which the latter was to furnish $1,500 for three years, and Mr. Moore was to furnish |600 and his services for three years, to conduct a general mer- cantile business, at some good point in the New Purchase that was then rapidly settling up. Mr. Moore came with his $2,000 worth of goods, and placed the same in a blacksmith shop, which had previously been built and operated by a smith, named Charles Vertrees on the old Indian Trace, but which was then vacant. That amount of goods then was in bulk, only about one-third as large as at present. Calicoes, 37| cents per yard, and other things in proportion, greatly reduced the bulk from what it would be at present. The goods completely filled the little log building that stood at the foot of the hill, about a quarter of a mile south of Mooresville, and hence was not in Mooresville at all. Here Mr. Moore lived for three years, boarding with some of the families near by, and enjoying a lucrative trade for that time and place with the white settlers, and often with Indians who had furs to dispose of for trinkets and ammu- nition. At the end of three years, the partnership between Mr. Newby and Mr. Moore was at an end, and as the latter had cleared enough to furnish him with a satisfactory capital, without the aid of a partner, he concluded to settle with Mr. Newby, and continue the business on his own responsibility. The net profits for the three years were $8,000. After the business had been settled", Mr. Moore returned with a fresh stock, and opened the first store in Mooresville proper, which was then a total wilder- ness of heavy trees, in a frame building, which was erected by Joshua and Nathaniel Carter, carpenters, and Samuel Harryman, mason. MOORESVILLE. The first house upon the present site of the town was built by Asa Bales in the fall of 1824. About the same time, Charles Wilcox, Samuel Moore, William B. Harrold and Dr. Curtis G. Hussey built houses. The latter is now a millionaire of Pittsburgh, Penn. Mr. Moore's house was a frame structure, the lumber coming from Mr. Moon's saw mill. It stood where Mr. Woodward's store now stand?. William G. Lear, Thomas Harrold, Jacob Combs, Isaac Edwards, Eli Tansey, William Cline and others, were other early residents of the little town which grew rapidly. Mr. Moore of course had the first store. In 1826, Alexander Worth & Co. opened the second store, with a stock worth about $4,000. Worth had been interested in the Salem firm of Booth & Newby, the senior member of the firm being the father of Senator Booth, of California. He had formerly been a clock peddler in the Carolinas. 104 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. He afterward moved his business from Salem to Terra Haute, where he did a mammoth business and became rich. He is said to be living there yet. Mr. Worth was really the agent of this firm, whose goods he was intrusted with. W. G. Lear opened the third store in 18:^6, and Silas Stapp, the fourth, in the fall of 1827. Pemberton Dickens opened a liquor shop in 1828. He afterward went to Danville, where he engaged in the grocery business. He could not write, and was in the habit of using signs in keeping his book accounts. One day one of his patrons went to him to make the semi-annual settlement, and found among other articles that he was charged with a whole cheese. He denied having purchased such an article of diet, but there on the day book which Mr. Dickens proudly exhibited, was the big O, the sign representing the cheese. The patron still denied it, and after reflecting a moment, stated that he had bought a grindstone. " Oh yes," exclaimed Mr. Dickens, " that's so, I forgot to make the hole." Whereupon he completed the entry in his day book thus 0. " In 1830, Worth & Kelley went into partnership in the mercantile business. Armstead Jackson was the tavern keeper in 1832. A Mr. Worthington went into partnership with Mr. Moore in about 1834 or 1835. He was related to the latter by marriage. John J. Cox opened a tavern and grocery about the same time. It may be said here that Samuel Moore sold goods at Mooresville for forty-four consecutive years. He was the leading business man of his day in the northern part of the county. J. S. Kelley was probably next in business activity. Both kept excellent stores during the thirties and forties, often having as high as $15,000 worth of goods, which were purchased in Eastern markets twice a year. William Yarborough kept a tailor shop in town about 1840. Along in the forties, Mr. Worth failed in the pork business and was suc- ceeded by Hadley & Worthington. Among the residents and industries about 1836-37 were the following : Samuel Moore, J. S. Kelley, Alex- ■ ander Worth, merchants; Israel Hunt, Gabriel Coble, W. M. Black, J. M. Leathers, John Cox, Jeremiah Blank enship, Joseph Hiatt, A. Jack- son, W. C. Cline, Solomon Hunt, Joshua Cox, J. H. Combs (wagon- maker), W. H. P. Woodward (a young man just arrived), Fred Lester (shoe-maker), B. Wood, Joseph Wood, George D. May, B. B. Ball, Isaac Williams, Thomas Murphy (wagon-maker), Samuel Watts, James Richard- son, Charles Wilcox, George Crayton, Solomon Dunegan and his three sons — Lemuel, Thomas and Frank, all blacksmiths and the father a Bap- tist preacher. Cox, Blankenship an;i Jackson were the liquor sellers and tavern keepers. Mr. Bray's saw-mill and distillery, east of town, were running. Richardson and Wilcox made hats from lamb's wool ; Watts was a tailor. Mr. Woodward commenced the business with him in 1836 and continued the business many years, until his health began to fail him, when he abandoned the business, as he says, just about the time sewing machines came into use. A Frenchman named Segart was a tailor also. Isaac Williams conducted a saddlery and harness shop. J. S. Kelley erected a pottery a short distance west, and Ball was his potter. They manufactured many excellent crocks, jars, jugs, etc., some of which may yet be seen in neighborhood. Several thousand of these useful household articles were made annually and found a ready sale for many miles BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 105 around. Alexander Worth's carding mill waa another important enter- prise. At first nothing but carding was done, but later, in obedience to the demand, spinning and weaving machinery was purchased and a Mr. Bastian, a practical weaver, was employed. Flannels, jeans and sat- inets were woven. At this time (late in the thirties) the village had a population of over 300, and business of all descriptions was very active. MERCANTILE TRADE, PORK-PACKING, ETC. Mr. Moore established branch stores at the Bluffs and at Martins- ville, the business at the latter place being conducted by Mr. Worthing- ton. He had over $30,000 invested in general merchandise at the three places during the forties. His book accounts were enormous, and his trade equally as extensive. He cleared thousands of dollars. He erected a big grist mill early in the thirties on White Lick Creek near the town, and there was not a larger, better or more active grist mill at the time in the central part of the State. That alone added more than any other one thing to the rapid development of Mooresville. Large quantities of flour, corn meal, wheat and corn were shipped by boat from the mill down the creek to the river and thence down to Southern markets. ■ He also engaged extensively in the pork-packing business, employing many hands in the packing season during the colder months to do the slaughtering. He owned a big pork house at the Bluff. He sent off as high as five boat loads of pork and produce in one year. John Scott, Reuben Hen- derson, Perry Carpenter, Jacob Peyton and others were his pilots. He sent a total of nearly thirty boat loads down the river while he was in the business. He bought nearly 100 horses in 1833, and drove them to Virginia to market. They were taken to the large siigar plantations on the island of Cuba. Large numbers of the hogs bought were not slaughtered at all here, but were driven into Ohio and sold at the big markets there. He took off as high as 3,000 hogs at one tiine in this manner, separating them for convenience in handling into drbves of 600 or 800, and driving the droves a few miles apart. Many men were needed to take care of them and feed them on the way. The hogs then were not as they are now. They were older, poorer, and, hence, were much better travelers. J. S. Kelley also did considerable business in pork packing and shipping. Mr. Moore conducted a saw mill in con- nection with his big grist mill. LATER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES. Among the business men during the forties were John W. Thompson,. Conduitt & Brother, Samuel Moore, J. S. Kelley, Sheets & Brothers, S . Hunt, Alfred Moore & Co., Riley Dixon, Hawk & Yarborough, J. W. Parker, Holman and D. J. Johnson were the leading merchants. Bur- roughs & Manker, cabinet-makers ; S. S. & J. Ellis, saddles and harness j Isaac Williams, same; Black, Wilkins & Co., tanning and currying. Mr. Worth's woolen factory was burned not far from 1840, but was then commenced in his old pork-packing building which was fitted up for the purpose. Here it was that spinning and weaving were done. John Carter conducted a linseed oil mill in the northern part of town on a. small scale. The machinery was operated by cattle on an inclined plane. 106 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. PLATTING OF THE VILLAGE. In the fall of 1824, Mr. Moore, who had purchased the land where the town now stands, employed a surveyor and laid out the village, which was named in his honor. The plat was as follows : NOBTH. West. BLOCK 3, t BLOCK 4, 16 Lots. 16 Lots. Main Stkbbt. BLOCK 3, fc BLOCK 1, 16 Lots. ^ 16 Lots. East. South. INCOKPORATION OF MOORESVILLB. The growth of the village during the twenties was so rapid that in 1831 the population was over 200, and every business industry was full of promise. In March, 1831, the question of incorporating the town was submitted to the citizens, and carried by a majority of twenty-four votes, the total vote being thirty-two. At the same time, a large addition of 140 lots was laid out and offered for sale, with many buyers. The town was accordingly incorporated, and the following men were the first Trustees : Samuel Moore, Asa Bales, W. C. Cline, J. S. Kelley and James Bradshaw. After about two years, the municipal government died out, but was again revived in 1838, since which time, if reports are cor- rect, it has been maintained. A jail was built in the thirties, to accom- modate the disorderly. The town ordinances were published in the Chronicle, edited at Mooresville in 1846 and until about 1851 by T. J. Worth. This paper was an important factor at Mooresville, but was not supported to satisfy the owner, who removed it to the county seat. The surrounding country, however, could not afford to do much better, as it was taken in all families. LATER INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. Sheets & Brothers engaged in the mercantile business soon after 1850. W. H. P. Woodward began in 1857, his partner being Mr. Fogleman. Later came Thornburg & Son, Robert R. Scott, A. B. Gregory, Calvin Moore, who owned the first drug store ; Woodward & Hinson, grocers ; Joseph Pool, drugs ; G. W. Ross, same ; Frank Hadley, same ; Harvey, same ; Clinton Hadley, the present druggist ; Rusie & Richardson, stoves, about twenty years ago ; Michael Rusie, hardware, in the fifties, and many others. The population of the town in 1850 was about 500. BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOOEESVILLE. 107 PRESENT BUSINESS ENTERPRISES. Dry goods, J. H. Thompson & Son, Fred Sheets & Bro., W. H. P. Woodward, Parker & Co.; hardware, T. A. Richardson ; grocers, John A. Newman, W. H. P. Woodward, Leathers Bros., Peter Farmer ; drugs, G. W. Bass, C. C. Hadley, S. M. Hadley ; millinery, Carrie Rusie ; restaurants, L. D. Comer ; butchers, T. H. Prather, Chris Egler ; livery, Hamilton Jackson & Bro., Charles Wellman ; harness, B. F. Jones ; carriages, Leander Shanafelt, W. H. White ; grist mill. Smith & Hiatt ; saw mill and planing mill, Mathew Comer; ti|e factory, A. W. Hadley k Bro.; lumber yard, Eli Sumner ; grain buyers. Smith & Hiatt, Mr. Mars- ley ; creamery, Jordan & Co.; photographer, I. P. Calvert ; printing offices, W. H. Hunt, Larkin Elliott ; hotels, Merrick, Wellman, Mc- Cracken ; barbers, William Woods, Solomon Russell ; furniture, J. H. Rusie ; boots and shoes, 0. E. Rooker ; brick, Ayres & Dane, P. Fields, Cooper, Mr. Dolan ; contractors, Manker & Cooper, Comer & Marine. THE EARLY AND SUBSEQUENT SCHOOLS. It is said that Grant StaflFord taught school near Judge Hiram Mat- thews' during the winter of 1821-22. If this is a fact, it was no doubt the first in the township. The writer has been unable to get at the facts. It is known that school was taught in that vicinity very early. Barclay Burris taught about a mile east of Mooresville in 1823, or perhaps 1824. Sessions were held almost continuously in these two neighborhoods after these first terms. Log schoolhouses were erected in both neighborhoods about 1826. A school was started by the Friends a mile or two west of town about the same time. This school for many years was the best in the township, not even excepting the one at Mooresville. They were prominent people, and many of them being in good circumstances could afford to have good schools early. Asa Bales, the first resident of Moores- ville, with whom Samuel Moore boarded while engaged early in his store, was no doubt the first teacher in the town. He taught in a small log cabin, and had about ten scholars, including, if reports are correct, sev- eral of his own. After this the growth of the town was so rapid that schools were taught there continuously. Horatio N. Teacle was an early teacher east of town, in the Bray neighborhood. Willis Conduitt, father of A. B. Conduitt, of Indianapolis, taught school in the Carter neighbor- hood during the very cold winter of 1825-26. When the teacher reached the house on Christmas morning, he found that his large scholars had barred the door, and he was refused entrance unless he treated. He accordingly went to town and bought about a gallon of whisky, which he divided out among his pupils, and was then permitted to resume his duties in-doors. Some of the boys became too full (fool) for utterance, and were sent home in disgrace. J. D. Carter was one of the number. He went home swaggering, happy as a lark, loaded to the muzzle with a ceaseless fire of talk, but his father quietly took down the big gad and gave the boy a dressing that he remembers until the present. The remedy was corrective, as that was the first, last and only boozy experience Mr. Car- ter ever had. By the year 1828, the schools of Mooresville had become so excellent 108 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY, that the citizens organized or estahlished the Mooresville School Society. The meeting was held at the house of Samuel Moore, and the following officers of the society were elected : W. C; Conduitt. President ; Asa Bales, Secretary ; D. G. Worth, W. C. Conduitt, Alexander Worth, Joel Dixon and Asa Bales, Trustees. The President of this educational society was an experienced school teacher himself, and a man of consid- erable learning. He taught quite early in town. Late in the twenties, a brick schoolhouse was built in the village under the direction of the society. It was a substantial building containing one room, in which good teachers were employed at comfortable wages. The house cost ■ about $600, and was constantly used for religious purposes and as a debat- ing and lecturing room. Two teachers in this house were E. H. Waugh and R. E. Preston. Late in the forties, it was succeeded by a frame building containing two rooms, which cost $800. This house was used until the Friends' Schoolhouse was built in 1861 in the western part of town, at a cost of $4,500. Much of the fund was raised by donation from all the citizens who were to be permitted to send their children there, though the Friends were to have control. In about 1870, the town became an independent school district, whereupon the schoolhouse was purchased of the Quakers for $5,000, and the latter very justly refunded the amount with interest, which had been donated by the other citizens in 1861. Prof. Stewart was the first teacher in this house, his term being the winter of 1861-62. He continued to teach for three years, when he was superseded ,by Joseph Poole. After the independent district was formed, the first Principal was Harrison Hubbard. He was paid $3.89 per diem. His assistants were Isaac Jones, who received $2.75 per day, and Emma Clawson, who received $2 per day. Since then the Princi- pals have been John H. Beason, William C. Hinson, James Hunt, Mary McNabb, William M. Hadley, A. W. Macy, Stephen Hunt, F. J. Byers, 0. C. Charlton, C. P. Eppert, two years ; Elam Harvey, three years. The assistants, beginning in 1871, have been Louisa Harvey, Eloise Tay- lor, James Hunt, Mary J. Hunt, Mattie Pray, Mary McNabb, Edna C. Street, Cecilia Hadley, Elam Harvey, Elvira Harnaday, Emma Thomp- son, Susan Wilson, Hattie Cox, Mr. and Mrs. Perigo, J. H. Woods, Anna Hadley, A. W. Macy, Elvira Perce, Rolena Hadley, Jennie Til- ford and Frank Manker. As high as five teachers have been employed at one time. A large addition to the schoolhouse is being constructed the present year, which will cost about $4,000. SECRET SOCIETIES. The writer endeavored to get access to the records of the Masonic Lodge at Mooresville ; but as the members he talked with seemed to care but little whether a sketch of it was written or not, and made no effort to furnish the necessary facts, they cannot appear in these pages. The lodge is an old one, extending back, if reports are reliable, into the forties. Morgan Lodge, No. 211, Odd Fellows, was established in July, 1859, with the following charter members : W. G. Cook, John H. Rusie, B. B. Wright, T. N. Peoples, A. T. Manker, Reuben Harris and Richard P. Johnson. The first officers were W. G. Cook, N. G. ; B. B. Wright, V. BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOOEESVILLE. 109 G. ; T. N. Peoples, Secretary: In 1881, their fine brick building was destroyed by fire, and with it all their personal eiFeets. The building has been rebuilt. The lodge is in excellent financial condition, with property, including cash, valued at $5,000. In 1866, Mooresville Encampment, No. 74, was established. THE BANKING BUSINESS. The Savings Bank of Mooresville was established in August, 1872, the first officers being A. W. Reagan, President ; Allen Hadley, Vice President ; Alexander Worth, Secretary and Cashier. In 1873, the estab- lishment became known as the Farmers' Bank, with a cash capital of $30,000, which was afterward increased to $50,000, but later decreased to $35,000. The following men were stockholders : Dr. A. W. Reagan, Joseph Pool, L. M. Hadley, Eli J. Sumner, Allen Hadley, F. Sheets & Bro., Giles B. Mitchell, J. L. Moffitt, Joel Jessup, Alexander Worth, Jackson Jessup, Holman Johnson, J. F. Hadley, Joseph N. Taylor, Aaron Mills, Ira M. Bray, W. B. Thompson and John Sheets. The Presidents of the bank have been Giles B. Mitchell, Charles Reeve and H. Satterwhite. The Cashiers have been A. Worth, J. A. Taylor, W. F. Hadley. The following is the present financial condition of the bank : RESOtTKCES. LIABILITIES. Cash 14,008 47 Capital $35,000 00 Bills Receivable 63,558 33 Surplus 4,525 00 Real Estate 14,278 45 Interest 3,337 65 Expense 1,258 31 Deposit 55,969 02 Furniture 2,513 81 Certificate 8,132 79 Tax 239 86 Unpaid DiTidend 56 GO Indianapolis National Bank.... 20,837 23 ^ Winslow&Co 318 83 Total $107,020 46 Drafts 7 17 - Total $107,020 46 RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT; Since the earliest times, the religious sentiment has been stronger in Brown Township than perhaps any other portion in the county of equal or less extent. The first settlements were no sooner formed than min- isters began to appear, and classes began to arm themselves for the good fight. The organization of all the classes cannot be given, though many of the names of those prominently connected with religious interests ha^ve been wrested from swift-approaching oblivion. The Methodist class at Mooresville was really founded by Eliza Moore, wife of Samuel Moore, not far from the year 1828. Indeed, she was about the only member at first, but she was soon joined by Eli Tansey and wife, Jesse S. Rooker and wife, Joseph Hunt and wife, and William C. Cline and wife. The Sunday school for this class was established in 1835, by Rev. John Will- iams. In 1839, the members of this church were the families of the following persons: Samuel J. Black, James Kelley, Samuel Stevenson, Isaac Williams, William Herrold, Daniel Cox, Jacob L. Pfofi', Alexander Worth, Daniel May, William McClelland, William Carlisle, Jonathan Hunt, Jacob Shanafelt, Joseph L. Cox, David Shanafelt, Daniel Day, Joseph Hiatt, William M. Black, J. W. Richards, William C. Cline, Eliza Moore, John 110 HISTORY OP MORGAN COUNTY. Hardrick, Harris Bray, William A. Blair, Gabriel Coble and J. W. Thompson. A very large revival had occurred two years before, by which the class had been multiplied nearly tenfold. The old brick Methodist Episcopal. Church was built in 1839, under the direction of James Kelley, "William kcClelland, Daniel Day, W. M. Black and J. W. Richards, Trustees. The fund was raised by subscription, the following men head- ing the list : James S. Kelley, |200 ; Samuel Moore (who was not a member), $200; Alexander Worth, $125 ; Joseph Hiatt, $50; Daniel Day, $50; Joseph Moon, $50. The total subscription was $1,713.82; shrinkage, $iy6.95; expended upon the church, $1,516.87. This church was dedicated in the fall of 1839 by Bishop Simpson. Isaac Crawford and Thomas S. Rucker were the ministers in charge of the class when the house was built. This old house was used until the present fine brick structure was built in ]882, at a cost of about $6,000. The class has ever been strong and prosperous. The old Methodist class, about three miles southwest of town, was organized about 182?<. Among the early members were the families of Benjamin Cuthbert. Jeremiah Johnson, Thomas Gripham, Nathan Nich- ols, John Cole, Charles Fowler. Mr. Cathbert furnished about an acre of land for the nominal sum of $1, to be used for church purposes. This class was a branch of the old one, near the residence of Benjamin Thorn- burgh. It is likely that the latter class was the first Methodist Episcopal organization in Morgan County. The first sermon was preached at the house of John Martin, by Rev. Reuben Claypool, in the year 1821. The marriage of Mr. Claypool to Martha Russell is said to have been the first in the county. The ceremony was performed before the county was or- ganized. The class was fully organized in 1821, and meetings were mostly held that year at the cabin of Mr. Martin, and the following year at that of William Rooker. Among the first members were John Maitin, class leader, Mary Martin, William Gregory, Thomas Gregory, Daniel Gregory, Levi Plummer, Patsey Plummer, George Crutchfield, Anna Crutchfield, Catha- rine Crutchfield, Nancy Crutchfield, Thomas Gresham, Sarah Gresham, Samuel Jones, Jesse Rooker, Candes Rooker, Mother Monical, William Rooker, Nancy Rooker, Rev. Peter Monical, Hannah Monical, Wesley Monical, Catharine Monical, Benjamin Thornburg, Susan Thornburg, Eli Tansey, Edith Tansey, Hiram Tansey, Able Tansey and many others later. By the year 1825, the class was large and prosperous. In 1826, Rev. John Strange held a famous revival, which largely increased the membership of the church. Several of the early ministers were Peter Monical, Samuel Hamilton, James Armstrong, Allen Wiley and E. R. Ames. This first church was built late in the twenties, and was the first in the county. This class is yet in existence, and has five or six branches. All of the early Methodist Churches in that vicinity sprang from this. It was called the White Lick Methodist Church. The Quakers fully organized their class in 1822, at the house of Asa Bales, where meetings were held for some time. In a few years the class was about as strong as that of the Methodists ; indeed, these two classes were the strongest and most important features in the northern part of the county in early years. Under the supervision of the Quakers, the Sulphur Spring School, in the western part of Brown Township, became at that time the largest, JACKSON TOWNSHIP. Ill most prosperous and most important school in Morgan County. Their church was called the White Lick Society of Friends. The Quaker Churcli in the eastern part of Monroe Township is a branch of this. Their first building was erected late in the twenties. Among the leading members were the Doans, the Hadleys, the Harveys, the Tanseys, the Baleses, the Bowleses, the Dixons, and many others. Their second church was built in Mooresville during the last war. The Christians have a class at Mooresville at present. The class was organized in the forties, and their church was built soon after 1850. Other classes have flourished in the township. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. THE ENTEY OF LAND. THE location of Jackson Township, remote from any considerable water-course, delayed its settlement for a few years. The valley of Indian Creek, however, was too rich a tract of country to remain long in its primitive state, and about the middle of the twenties the settlers began to arrive, but not in considerable numbers until the thirties, at which time the greater portion of the land was entered by actual residents. The first man, if accounts are correct, to locate permanently in the township was John Hamilton. He came to the township in 1826, and the follow- ing year entered a tract of land where now stands the thriving little vil- lage of Morgantown. He had a family of five or six children. He was scarcely in the township before he was joined by Daniel Troxel, Thomas Teeter, Samuel Teeter, Robert Bowles, John Shrum. William Williams, Sampson Canatsey and a few others, all ot whom located in the vicinity of Morgantown on Sections 24 and 25. It cannot be stated with any certainty that Mr. Hamilton was the first settler. Indeed there are evi- dences that he was not. The first land entered from the Government in the township was on Section 1 in July, 1821. by William W. Drew and Elisha Herndon, but if reports are reliable neither of these men resided in the township. William Harriman entered a tract on Section 26 in 1824, but it is stated that he did not reside there. He lived in Wash- ington Xownship. William Knox came in 1828, locating on Section 25, and Charles Ross in 1827, on Section 26. Henry Adams bought land on Section 13 in 1828, and Jesse Daugherty on Section 21 the same year. Finney Courtney and Jonathan Hostetter entered land on Section 26 in 1826, but no traces of their residence in the township could be found. They probably soon sold out to actual residents. Thomas Hudiburgh entered a tract on Section 26 in 1828, and another tract on Section 27 the same time. These were about the only land owners who had entered their farms from the Government in the twenties, but there were other families in the township who were too poor to purchase land, and then again, there were other families who had bought their farms second-hand. The names of such cannot be given. 112 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. The settlement received great aocsssioas early in the thirties. It was the custom in that day, and naturally enough, for families to locate near each other. Occasionally a man had the hardihood to go out into the woods eicht or ten miles from any other resident, but circumstances of this kind usually only occurred with the very earliest families, who were sure to be soon joined by others, and thus a small settlement or colony would be formed with the said first settler as the founder thereof. Early in the thirties, families began to locate in all parts of the township, and the neighborhoods of unimproved land were soon a thing of the past. Among those who bought land and settled in the township were ,the fol- lowing< .Janies Blair, Robert Grant, Elijah Vandergriff, John Gross, Benjamin Roberts, Francis Helton, Thomas Barnes, Abraham Cooper, John Francis, James Hamilton, James Dillon, Robert Bowles, Edward Cheat, Jacob Haase, Samuel Kemp, Henry Kephart, James T. Hickman, Emery Norman, Alexa nder B. Kelso, Charle3_ B. Kelso, William Nor- man, John Whitington^ William Kent, JolirT^emp, Jacob Adams, Josiah Clendenen, Samuel Troxell, Jam^B^__Kelso, Avery Magee, Randolph Lawrence, Peter Epperson, Darnel Shireman. David Haase, Daniel Avery, Hugh Adams, Milton Hickson, Daniel Adams, Henry Hamilton, William Kemp, Wilburn Kemp, Peter Dill, Abraham Kephart, Samuel H. Veils, Stephen Howell, William Howell, Thomas Ross, Mitchell Ross, James Little, Charles Leonard, Isaac Gross, Benjamin Reynolds, John Lake, James Kemp, W. W. Helton, Joshua Bowles, Evan Reynolds, Samuel Hudiburgh, Abraham Mull, Jacob Sipes, Joseph Reader, Tal- mon Groves, William Williams, William Norman, J. M. Coonfield, Peter ReeJer, Anthony Bowles, Thomas Owen, Henry Lawrence, John Kenley, and many others in the thirties. POLL TAX PAYERS OF 1842. Jacob Adams, Henry Adams, Hugh Adams, Daniel Avery, William Armstrong, Sampson Canatsey, Lewis M. Coffey, Joshua Canady, Will- iam Bowles, Alexander Blair, Peter Bandy, Joshua Bowles, Anthony Bowles, Benjamin Bowles, Peter Dill, George Downing, Preston Doty, William D. Dunn, Peter Epperson, Thomas Edwards, William Fesler, John Fesler, John Farley, Jacob Gross, Reuben Griffith, Charles Garri- son, M. R. Guthridge, Wesley Gross, John Gerbalt, William Howell, John Hackney, John G. Hine, John Haase, William Hamilton, Samuel Hamilton, Samuel Hudiburgh, David Haase, W. W. Helton, Charles Hess, Christopher Hess, Absalom Haase, David Howell, Noah Haase, Ephraim Haase, A. B. Hart, B. Johnson, William Jenkins, John John- son, William Kent, John Kenley, Samuel Kemp, JohnKelso, John Kemp, William Kemp, William " Kephart, Harvey Keeney; Andrew Knox, William Keeney, Jackson Keeney, George Kephart, James J. King, Charles Landers, Owen Lloyd, Timothy Lake, John Lake, Hiram Logston, George Lake, Lewis Lake, Amos Lawrence, Fred Miller, Abe Mull, Mordecai Meadows, Christian Miller, James Norman, Emery Nor- man, William Norman, Daniel Norman, Thomas Owen, Timothy Open- chain, Benjamin Perry, Stephen Perry, William Palmer, Thomas Ross, Joseph Reeder, William Roach, Benjamin Roberts, Irvin Reynolds, Will- iam Reeder, W. E. Roach, George Troxell, John Trower, John B. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 113 Thacker, Samuel Voils, Joseph Voils, Samuel VandergriiF, Elijah Van- dergriff, Elisha VandergriiF, William Woods, William Wallace, J. F. Whetstine, Edward Watson, John Williams, Emanuel Whetstine, Joel Williams, Frank Worley, Abijah Watkins and Charles Whitaker. EBMINISCBNCES AND NOTES. By the year 1842, the township was quite well settled and the citi- zens were in better circumstances and more comfortable. The log cabin was still the rule, but a few frame houses had made their appearance. The wild animals had largely disappeared. Even deer had become some- what scarce,' though down in Brown County among the precipitous ra- vines and almost impenetrable woods, all of the native wild animals could still be found, not excepting bears and panthers. These were rare, but still they were there for the hunter who had sufficient courage to follow them to their lairs. Deer were very numerous there yet, and many in- teresting incidents could be told of the hairbreadth escapes of those of Jackson Township who went down there on hunting excursions. Deer, wolves, catamounts, foxes, wild turkeys, myriads of squirrels, snakes, wild cats, etc., etc., were still found in Jackson in greater or less abun- dance. The earliest settlers in Jackson had a picnic, so to speak. John Hamilton, who lived near Morgantown, tells of shooting wild turkeys and deer on the present town site almost every morning, or whenever they were required for food or otherwise. He would get up just as the light began to break in the East, take his rifle, walk out a few hundred yards from his cabin, and in a few minutes the crack of his rifle would announce the death of either a deer or a wild turkey. The latter in the fall of the year became often very fat. It is stoutly averred by old settlers, that sometimes when they were shot from the top of the high trees and fell the long distance on the hard ground, the skin upon their backs burst open like a ripe pod. >This sounds "fishy '.' now, but no doubt the old settlers state the truth. Take such a bird, pluck it and dress it, and roast it to a ripe brown before the fire-place, and then garnish it with rich dressing and smother it in delicious gravy and the old settlers had a feast fit for the gods. It makes the mouth water to think of it. A great sport in early times was the hunting of bee trees. It may not be generally known, yet it is a fact that wild bees are unknown far out in the wilderness, hun- dreds of miles from human habitation. They are like the pioneer hunters, and just precede the advance guard of pioneers. It required some experi- ence to be able to find bee trees readily. In the summer the flight of the bees was watched and the direction taken followed. A close and experi- enced observer could thus trace them to their store of sweets. It could be told fairly well, also, when a bee was coming from the hive or return- ing. An examination of its honey bags would reveal whether it was loaded or not. If it was loaded and on the wing, its course was a "bee line" for its hive, otherwise it was seeking some flowery pasture. In the winter time when the snow was on the ground, bees would venture out of their trees on warm days, would be frozen to death and would drop on the snow, where their bodies would cause a yellow discoloration of two or three inches in diameter. A cluster of these yellow spots could be seen a long distance — often twenty or thirty rods, and the location of the bee 114 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. trees could thus be found. The Hamiltons, on one occasion, discovered a fine bee tree on the present site of Morgantown, from which almost a tub- ful of the finest candied honey was obtained. The old settlers, many of them, did not fare so badly after all. INCIDENTS OP THE CHASE. One day Mr. Daugherty discovered a half-grown bear near his cabin. The details of the encounter which occurred are not fully known, but were about as follows : He took his rifle and a big butcher knife and ac- companied by his dog cautiously approached the bear, which he fired upon, but for some reason only gave it an ugly wound. The shock prostrated the animal and Mr. Daugherty, who was near, hurried up. to bleed it, but when within a few feet of it the savage animal sprang up, and in a moment was upon the settler with mouth open and eyes of fire. Mr. Daugherty was a man of great physical strength and courage, and when he thus found himself in the embrace of the bear, he began to ply his butcher knife with all his strength and skill. Ere many blows were struck, however, the knife was knocked from his hand. In the meantime, the dog had been gnawing industriously at the posterior extremity of the bear, but seemed to make scarcely any impression. About the time the knife was knocked down, Mrs. Daugherty appeared upon the scene, armed with a sharp case-knife, and probably the broom, and Mr. Daugh- erty called out to her to hand him the knife, which she quickly did, and the bear, which was weakening from the effects of the rifle shot, was soon dispatched. The struggle had been very short, and was within a few rods of the cabin. The above is the way the story was told to the writer. Another incident is told of one of the Kemps, equally as thrilling. This settler, while hunting in the woods with his big dog, saw a catamount, which he shot at and wounded in the shoulder. He was so close to the animal that as soon as he had fired, enraged with the pain of the shot, it turned and bounded for the hunter, but was met by the dog, and in an instant the two animals were fiercely locked together. Notwithstanding the wound which had been inflicted upon the catamount, the fight had scarcely begun ere it became evident that the dog would come out, so to speak, at the little end of the horn. The catamount seized it by the neck and was furiously shaking it, when Mr. Kemp, who could not bear to see his faithful old dog torn in pieces, rushed up, knife in hand, leaped as- traddle of the beast and drove his knife into its neck. This stroke seemed to settle afiairs, as the catamount released its hold on the dog, and was soon dead. During the first few years, wolves were very numerous and often troublesome. Sometimes in the night, when the weather was very cold and snow lay deep upon the ground, they became so hungry and fierce that they did not hesitate to attack even man. On one occasion, Hugh Adams went probably in the southern part of the township for a piece of fresh beef, and upon his return was somewhat belated. He had gone but a short distance before the wolves scented the fresh meat and were soon stealthily following him. The settler with his meat on his shoulders, all he could conveniently carry, first heard the howl of a soli- tary wolf. This was repeated, and another was heard and then another and another, until the woods behind him were filled with a chorus of the JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 115 terrifying sounds. The traveler^ anxious for his own safety as well as for that of the beef, hurried on as fast as he could with his load. The wolves came closer and closer and then seemed to hesitate, though they still kept coming up. On ran the settler and on came his pursuers. In a little while, the clearing of home was reached, and soon both meat and settler were safe in the cabin. It was a narrow escape, as he would no doubt have been attacked. He could have thrown down his beef, which would have delayed them, but they would have been all the hungrier and fiercier for the morsel. Incidents like these might be multiplied without limit. MILLS, DISTILLERIES, ETC. About the year 1830, Joshua Whiteley built a small corn-cracker on Indian Creek, just east of Morgantown. Of course, water was the motor, and the wheel was of the tub or bucket kind. It is said the owner would leave it for hours at a time, and, upon returning,, would find the grist ground. He had an old dog that became very fond of corn meal, and sometimes when the master had left the mill to run itself the old dog would enter, seat himself on his haunches and lick up the meal as fast as it fell from the spout. The manufacture of meal was so slow that it would not come down as fast as the canine desired, whereupon he would howl dismally until another mite had fallen. The reader may take the story for what it is worth. A few years after this corn-cracker was built, James Blair erected another on the creek a short distance west of town. This was operated until about I84O4 when it was abandoned. Joshua Bowles also built a.grist mill near town late in the thirties, which ran for eight or ten years and did good work. The old Vansicke Mill at Maha- lasville was built in the forties, and under various owners and with many improvements is yet in operation. It was originally built by John Coon- field. David Haase owned a small distillery where apple and peach brandy and corn and rye whisky were manufactured. Considerable good liquor was made here. It was moved across the line into Washington Township, and was conducted after the last war. MORGANTOWN. This town was first laid out in the month of March, 1831, by Robert Bowles and Samuel Teeters, owners and proprietors. Fifty-two lots were laid out on the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 25, and the east half of the southwest quarter of Section 24, Township 11 north. Range 2 east. For some reason this plat was not satisfactory, as in 1836 the lots were laid out anew (on the south side of the main east and west street at least). The first resident on the present town site was no doubt Samuel Teeters, who located there in 1828. He was afterward joined by John Bowles, John Whitington, Avery Magee, Andrew Shell, Thomas Hudiburgh, Hugh Adams, Thomas Lockhart, John Fee, Samuel Law- rence, William Woods, James Mclntire, John Fesler, William Fesler-, James Pratt, John Francis, Timothy Obenchain, Henry Hamilton, Robert McNaught, Reuben GriSitt, John Hudiburgh, William Fee, Col. John Vawter, Samuel Lawrence, Grabriel Givens, Thomas Teeters, D. D. Med- del, James Blair, J. J. Kelso, and many others. In 1836, the village had 116 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. a population of about fifteen families, or seventy persons. Dr. Samuel R. Trower was the first resident physician ; James Pratt and William Fesler were the first blacksmiths ; John Pee was the first Postmaster ; Lewis Lake made the first set of harness in the town ; William Adams began selling liquor in 1831, and Thomas Hudiburgh opened a general store in 1832 ; Henry Hamilton began selling liquor in 1838 ; Samuel and Henry Lawrence and Avery Magee opened a liquor store in 1834. At this time the sale of liquor was certainly in a flourishing condition. It will be remembered that many of the early settlers came from Kentucky — the land of good whisky, fast horses and beautiful women. In 1835, Col. John Vawter sent a stock of general merchandise, worth about $3,000, in charge of James Chambers, to Morgantown, but did not go there himself until years afterward. John Fee opened the first store of goods, how- ever, in 1834. He started, it is said, with about $2,000 worth of goods. In 1835, Thomas Lockhart opened a liquor store. Liquor establishments in those days were called "groceries." The other term is used here to prevent misunderstanding. Mr. Lockhart soon changed his stock to general merchandise. John McKinley opened a "grocery" in 1836, and James Norman the same soon afterward. James Reville, an old bachelor, commenced selling liquor in 1836. Thomas Edwards opened a shoe shop in 1837. It was during this year that Martin & Crocker brought to the village about $4,000 worth of goods. A few years later, the firm became Seaman & Crocker. S. R. Trower & Son became mer- chants in 1837, and Preston Doty the same year. Eli Murphy sold mer- chandise in 1838. In 1839, H. C. Martin, who had been in with Crocker, started a new store on his own account. E, St. John sold liquor in 1839. Vawter, Hudiburgh, Trower, Fee, the Lawrences, Hamilton, Peter Keeney, and perhaps others, were in business in 1839 and 1840. In 1841, Downing & Gruthridge opened a store. During the forties, the leading merchants were several of the above, also Fesler & Seaman, James Baldwin, Fesler & Egbert, Rogers & Coleman, and others. Afterward came John W. Knight, Andrew S. and James Hickey, John Collett, and on still later. Col. W. A. Adams, Butler, Patter- son & Neeley. Col. Vawter continued in business until his death in about 1864. He started back in the thirties, but did not live in the village until later. He became a prominent citizen. R. M. Dill came later. William Fesler was Col. Vawter's partner, and continued the busi- ness after the latter's death, and until his own death in 1868. Samuel Hamilton was in the mercantile business in the sixties. His successor was James Horton. Horton's partner later was Rosengarden. James Hickey, J. 0. & J. S. Coleman, hardware; Freeman & Montgomery, Mate Kerlm, drugs, about 1857. The first harness shop of consequence was kept by George and Milton McNaught, in the forties. Thomas A. Rude, drugs; A. C. Payn, drugs; Knox & McPheters, drugs; Ar- nold & Neal, drugs ; J. S. Kephart, livery, in the sixties ; Rude & Canatsey, same, burned down; Israel Egbert, livery; Lee & Enos, same; Mrs. Eliza Walker, millinery goods, in the sixties. MANUFACTORIES. Obenchain & Lake owned and conducted quite an extensive cabinet JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 117 shop early in the forties. The Feslers were in the same business, together with wagons and buggies, in the thirties. T. J. Lamb conducted a wagon shop later. It is said that William Wood manufactured the first wagons in town. One of the earliest and most noteworthy industries was the linseed oil mill built by John Fee about the year 1835. Much more flax was raised in those times, comparatively, than now. Almost every farmer owned a flax field. The seed found its way into Fee's mill, where it was crushed by iron rollers, heated until the oil had run out and then pressed into cakes, and sold for food to stock. Five or six hands were constantly employed, and hundreds of gallons of the oil were barreled and transported to market. The enterprise continued eight or ten years. Early in the fifties, James McAllister built a woolen mill, where for four or five years large amounts of wool were carded, but no spinning or weaving was done. He also owned a saw mill. Mr. Lang built the big grist mill near the depot many years ago. The grinding has run down at present. William Hickey manufactured large quantities of plug tobacco about twenty years ago, continuing about three years. He used all the tobacco raised for miles around, and brought in considerable from outside points. The present population of the town is about 800. PRESENT BUSINESS PURSUITS. Dry goods, Clarence H. Jones, G. W. Buckner, W. B. Hill, J. H. Hickey & Son, Mrs. M. L. Walker. Groceries, I. N. Coonfield, Gibson & Son, Moses Wooden. Hardware, George Montgomery. Drugs, W. M. Berry & Co., M. T. Hancock. Furniture and undertaking, Peter Fesler. Millinery, Mrs. M. L. Walker, Paulina Vandergrifi; Mrs. L. G. Karst. Agricultural implements, C. H. Obenchain, J. W. Crawford & Son. Barber, A. L. Gross. Hotels, Charles Saltcorn, James Santifer. Photographer, James Walker. Butchers, George Overstreet, Harry Jackson. Carpenters and builders, Fesler Brothers, Jeremiah K elso.'"' Doctors, R. C. Griffitt, W. H. Butler, Mr. Selfridge, Ira Willen. Saw mill and lumber, M. J. Bell. Grist mills, R. M. Dill, W. S. Coleman. Harness, J. M. Neeley. Boots and shoes, James Hickey. Liveries, J. K. Cofifman, W. H. Fesler. Lawyers, Judge Ramsey, W. L. Rude, J. V. King. Common sense bee hives, Sprague& Patterson. High School Professor, James Henry, 1882-83. Secret societies, Masons, Odd Fel- lows and Knights of Honor. The village was incorporated about 1870, but was not continued thus. EDUCATION. Schools were started in the vicinity of Morgantown, under the pat- ronage of the residents of that neighborhood, about the year 1830. A log schoolhouse was built east of town, and was used until about 1834, when another was built in town. This was used until 1840, when a frame schoolhouse took its place. John Fee donated the lot. The first teacher in town cannot be named. Milton Guthridge, John Vitito and James Hogeland were early teachers, but not the first. Early in the fifties a new frame schoolhouse was built which was used continuously until the present brick building was built, about ten years ago, at a cost of $3,700, Mr. Demoss being the contractor. Cathcart, Kennedy, Shuck, Morris 118 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. and others have taught in this house. It is a fine two-story brick build- ing, and is a credit to the town and township. It was built by the town- ship, and is called the Jackson Township High School. It was during the latter part of the decade of the thirties that schools were started in the western, southern and northern portions. In 1840, there were four es- tablished schools, and in 1850, three more. RELIGIOUS CLASSES. A class of the Christian denomination was organized at Morgantown early in the forties, among the members being the families of John Fesler, Albert Roberts, John Trower, George W. McNaught and others. The class was small and did not grow rapidly. After a few years they were strong enough to build a frame church in the eastern part of the town. This house was used until the present brick was erected early in the sev- enties, at a cost of about $3,000. The Methodists had the first class in Morgantown. It was organized not far from 1836. The early member- ship comprised among others the families of Reuben Griffitt, A. S; Hickey, David Howell, James Pratt, John Cochran, Samuel C. Hamilton, James A. Coeplin, Daniel H. Warner, Larkin DeHart and others. In December, 1844, Janaes Pratt, for flO, deeded to the class a piece of land 31x31 feet on Lot 64, upon which the following year a log church was built. This house was used until about the beginning of the last war, when the present frame structure was erected at a cost of $2,000. The class is considerably run down at present, and needs some evangelist to stir it up. About 1845, a German Methodist class was organized in the northern part. The families of Christian Hess, George Weamer, Michael Knipstine, Fred Miller, David Bowling, Conrad Muth, Fred Truekess and others belonged. The class divided soon, one branch be- coming German Lutherans, at the head being Michael Knipstine, Henry Cook, Andrew Gross and others. Their church was built after a few years. Late in the forties, the Mount Nebo Methodist Church was organ- ized. William Howell, Daniel Moore, Mansfield Moore, Martin L. Creed, Ed Ferguson and William H. Jackson were leading members, the latter being pastor in 1851. Their church was built after a few years. A Baptist Church was built at Morgantown in the fifties, the whole ex- pense, or nearly so, being borne by Col. Vawter. It was a brick build- ing, and is said to have cost $2,000. This church was succeeded, four or five years ago, by the present frame building, which cost $2,100. Later churches have been started by the Methodists and Baptists. There are now in the township nine churches. This speaks well for the morals of the township. CLAY TOWNSHIP. 119 CLAY TOWNSHIP. THE BAKNES FAMILY. IN the month of December, 1819, Benjamin Barnes, a resident of Connersville, Ind., packed what little household goods he owned in a wagon drawn by a yoke of oxen, and with his wife and family of two sons and four daughters started westward for the "White River Country." This country, or that portion of it known as the New Purchase, had been secured by treaty from the Indians only a little more than a ySar before, and was already attracting the attention of settlers seeking homes. Mr. Barnes and family were accompanied by John Butterfield, Sr., and Hiatt Butterfield (who was not a relative of John Butterfield's), both of whom came out with him to look at the country with a view to future settlement. Not a hog, sheep, horse or a head of cattle except the yoke of oxen, was brought out. Mr. Barnes was poor, and had not even enough money to enter a tract of land had the same been in market, which was not yet the case. The family crossed White River, either at the bluifs, or, which is more likely, at the Stotts settlement, a few miles farther down the river, and soon arrived at a point about two miles southeast of Center- ton, where Mr. Barnes decided to make a permanent location. The weather was cold, and a temporary camp was prepared for the comfort of the family, and the men immediately afterward began to cut logs for a cabin. The rude building was completed in two or three days, and the family were soon ensconced therein, and made as comfortable as possible. The floor was the bare earth, the roof was bark and clap-boards h,astily cut out, and the door was of the same material. The most important feature in the room was a big fire-place, filled with blazing logs which im- parted heat, cheerfulness and comfort to the small room. A floor of puncheons was afterward added as soon as possible. Mr. Barnes and all the members of his family, as soon as their home was made comfortable, went to work to clear and deaden a tract of land for a crop for the coming season. By April, 1820, they had thirty acres deadened, and partly cleared, the greater portion of which was planted with corn and vegetables, the former having been brought out the December before, and the latter about seeding time. Here the Barnes family lived for several years. Their first land was bought on the 5th of September, 1820, the second day of the sale. OTHER EARLY SETTLERS. As soon as the Barnes cabin had been built, John Butterfield went back to Connorsville where his family resided. In the following Septem- ber, he went to Terre Haute, and bought 160 acres of land on Section 1, Township 12 north. Range 1 east, lying about a mile and a half south- east of Centerton, and early the following spring (1821) came out with his sons Velorns and John H., and three hired men, named respectively Adams, Sanford and Bliven, and in a few weeks cleared about six acres, 120 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. and erected a cabin. A crop of corn was cultivated during the summer by one of the boys, who boarded with the Barnes family. In the fall of 1821, the Butterfield family, consisting of the father, mother, five sons and one daughter, took up their permanent residence in this new home. Some time after the establishment of the Stotts settlement in Green Township in 1819, the date not being known, but certainly prior to the 1st of March, 1820, Maj. James Stotts and his son Robert C. built a cabin, and permanently located on atract of land about three miles south- east of Centerton. It is likely that this occurred during the fall of 1819, or the winter of 1819-20. About the same time the family of John Hodge located in the same neighborhood. On Tuesday the 3d of April, 1820, George Matthews and his three sons, John, Alfred and Calvin, ac- companied by a man named William Dorman, came in a wagon drawn by a yoke of oxen to the cabin oi Maj. Stotts. There the rude wagon road that had been cut out ended, and the men were obliged to cut their way onward. After several hours they reached the present site of Centerton, where Mr. Matthews concluded to locate permanently. A log cabin was built and the work of clearing and deadening was begun. John Matthews says that there were but three families in Clay Township when he arrived as above stated, and they lived on the east side of White Lick Creek. They were those of Benjamin Barnes, Maj. James Stotts and John Hodge. Several other families arrived later in 1820, among them being those of Jacob Case, John Clark, Isaiah Drury, Elijah Lang. With- in the next three or four years there came John Stipp, George A. Phelps, Alexander Cox, Jonathan Lyon, Ezekiel Slaughter, James Lang, David Matlock, Benjamin and Enoch McCarty, Francis Brock, Martin McDan- iel, William Jones, John McMahon, William Matlock, Hiram Matthews,: John A. Stipp, Abraham Stipp, Da.vid Spencer, Lewis Deaton, William Powell, G. W. Bryant, John, David, Samuel and William Scott, Michael Stipp, Edward Brady, John McDaniel, Moses Slaughter,' Dr. Eli Run- nels and many others. Still later came William Morgan, Eli Rinker, David Collins, Jesse and Eli Overton, Abraham Griggs, James Noble, J. B. Maxwell, Dabney Gooch, John Robb, John Albertson, Adam Spoon, Jesse, William and Jeremiah Poe, Jesse Gooch, William Moss, Levi Col- lins, William Collins and others. The sons of John Butterfield were Velorus, John H. and Merannoe. Those of Alexander Cox were John, Paul and William. Those of George Matthews were John, Alfred, Cal- vin, James and George. Those of Jonathan Lyon were Harrison and Jonathan, Jr. The following men were assessed a poll tax in Clay Township in 1842 : J. P. Anderson, Samuel Allen. A. Ayres, M. Brody, Cyrus Bowles, John Bowles, W. T. Bull, John Boyd, Lorenzo D. Bain, William Boyd, J. S. Bryant, Eli Bray, Anderson. Brown, Valorus Butterfield, Thomas Bryant, Eli Bowles, Archibald Boyd, David Bowles, L. G. Butterfield, D. A. Butterfield, Wesley Creed, Charles Cox, William Cox, Paul Cox, James Carder, Alexander Clark, W. E. Childs, James Cox, William Kennedy, Robert A. Childs, James Cross, John Creed, D. L. Collins, W. E. Carter, Joseph Claghorn, David Collins, John Crank, John Cox, William Dorman, Brently Deaton, A. J. Deaton, James Deaton, John CLAY TOWNSHIP. 121 Dunegan, White Davidson, James Donavan, David Ely, Reuben Ely, Elijah Ervin, John Edwards, Simeon K. Ely, G. W. Fields, Evis Fowler, John Fowler, Dabney Gooch, James Griggs, Eli Greeson, Franklin Gar- rison, Nathan Goble, Jesse Gooch, A. Hutchinson, Garrison Hubbard, S. H. Harcoat, Jesse Hubbard, Beverly Gregory's heirs, William Hard- rick, Samuel Jackson, Thomas Kirkendorf, David Kirkendorf, James Kitchen, Jonathan Lyon, Jr., Harrison Lyon, Hardin Leggett, William Lang, M. T. Lang, James Lowder, James Lang, Emery Lloyd, William McNeff, H. R. McPherson, John McDaniel, Simecm McDaniel, Henry Myers, Calvin Matthews, George Matthews, James Matthews, Alfred Matthews, John Maxwell, Joseph Monical, Thomas Morgan, George Monical, John McCracken, Gary Matthews, James Noble, G. W. Olds, Ell Overton, Jared Olds, Francis Patram, Anthony Poe, William Poe, Jeremiah Poe, Andrew Parsley, Andrew Paul, William Pinter, Noah Rinker, Alexander Rich, S. H. Reynolds, William . Rinker, Eli Rinker, Samuel Ray, Danief Reeves, John Ramsey, Thortras Ray, Simeon Robb, Alfred Robinson, George Sheets, Andrew Stafford, David Spencer, John S. Spurdock, John Scott, John Sheets, Nathaniel Simpson, Peter Spoon, Adam Spoon, Robert 0. Stotts, John C. Stotts, Robert .Stewart, David Scott, Benjamin Stipp, Joseph Strade, Isaac Strader, Ezekiel Slaughter, Moses Slaughter, Young "tellers, W. H. Sailor^' Abraham Stipp, Benja- min Stafford, John Stuart, Jeremiah Tacket, Jacob -Tinkle, William Taeket, William Wall, J. W. Wakefield, Solomon Wear, Samuel Wilson, David Wear, William Wear, Joshua Wilson, Jr., Jeptha Williams, John Wright, Andrew Wright, William Whitrel, Samuel R. Wright and Sam- uel Zollinger. The heaviest tax-payers were as follows : John Butter- field, $19.58; Aiken Daken, $14.02 ; John Hodge, $19.12; Jonathan Lyon, Jr., $18.58; Harrison Lyon, $17.16; M. T. Lang, $12.50 ; Calvin Matthews, $11.46 ; Robert C. Stotts, $14.93 ; Ezekiel Slaughter, $19.93 ; G. A. Worth, $13.53. BROOKLYN. ^, So far as can be learned, the first improvement made by white men in the township of Clay was the corn-cracker erected on the creek at Brooklyn, in the summer of 1819, by Bfenjamin Cuthbert. The struct- ure was built of logs, was about 18x18 feet, and was operating when Ben- jamin Barnes came to the township in December, 1819. The stones were "nigger-heads" which had been made from granite bowlders by Mr. Cuthbert, and the dam was built of brush, logs, stones, etc. Mr. Cuth- bert lived northward in Brown Township, about two miles above the mill. He would go down to his liitle iqill -and remain there* nearty a week without going home, doing in tlje meantime the most of his own cooking in the fire-place in the mill. It is said-- that he could bake an excellent johnny-cake, and was an expert at roasting meat. He no doubt lived on the fat of the land. All the settlers throughout the northern part of the county went to his mill for their meal, and all complained of the '-grit" contained in the corn-bread baked therefrom. As this bread was the chief article of diet, the complaints from the women, especially, multiplied. Mrs. Barnes was probably the only ex- ception to this statement. She had ato impediment in her speech which 122 HISTORY OP MORGAN COUNTY. limited her conversation to the merest monosyllables. Mr. Barnes was envied as the luckiest man in his domestic relations in all the surround- ing country. In 1823, Jonathan Lyon, who had, in 1820, purchased quite a tract of land at what is now Brooklyn, came to the township, secured the old mill of Mr. Cuthbert, greatly improved it and the dam, built a saw mill on the opposite side, and soon afterward built a storehouse, in which he placed a stock of goods worth about $2,000. It is likely that the goods were not brought on until 1824. Mr. Lyon had several grown sons, who managed the mills and the store for him, while he remained the most of the time at his home in another portion of the State. In 1825, or pos- sibly 1826, Mr. Lyon erected a distillery and a tannery, and paid James S. Kelley $600 to conduct them both for a few years, at the end of which time they were to be returned to the owner, Mr. Lyon. The profits as well as the expenses of the enterprises were to be borne by the owner. Mr. Lyon also started a battery soon afterward. The store, the distillery, the tannery, the battery, the grist mill and the saw mill were conducted successfully by Mr. Kelley, the Lyon boys and considerable hired help until about the year 1830, when Mr. Kelly's contract with Mr. Lyon ex- pired, and the former went to Mooresville and engaged in the mercantile pursuit. The sons of Mr. Lyon continued the enterprises. Early in the thirties, in addition to the other pursuits, pork-packing was commenced, and was carried on for many years quite extensively. These industries served to make the place one of the most important industrial points in ithe county. Of course, no town had yet been started there. Late in the forties, the Lyons sold out their interests or abandoned them. Long before this, however, or about 1835, they had built a steam distillery, which took the place of the one first built, and had a much greater capacity. Probably as high as 100 barrels of whisky were manufactured annually, a considerable portion of which found a ready sale at home, the remainder being shipped to distant points. This distillery was destroyed by fire about the year 1843, and thereby hangs a tale which the old set- tlers may tell. Ask them. The township had all the distilleries necessary in early years. Eli Bray owned one ; also William Darman, Thomas Richardson and Ben- jamin Barnes. The latter built a small corn cracker, which was propelled by horses. It was erected for the purpose of supplying the distillery. Rye was also ground there. It is said that at some of these early dis- tilleries, pumpkins, potatoes, etc., were manufactured into whisky or brandy. All old settlers agree that the liquor of that day was far supe- rior to the poisonous stufi" of these later degenerate days. They probably know what they are talking about. And then, again, people did not get drunk as often as they do now. The halcyon days have indeed gone by. MODERN BROOKLYN. In about 1853, Frank Landers opened a store. He began about Christmas, and the following March laid out the town, which began to grow as the railroad was being built, that is, the grading had commenced. Quite a number of families soon located in the town. Griggs, Cook & Scott opened a store about 1859. The merchants since then, in order, CLAY TOWNSHIP. 123 have been Dill & Griggs, Cox & Landers (near the close of the last war), Gregory & Clark, Gregory & Council, Gregory & Robbins, J. N. Gregory, P. S. McNeff & Bro. (1872), Silas Rinker, McNeff & Rinker, Gregory & Son, Ira McDaniel, P. S. McNeff, Richardson & Morgan, Williain McNeff. The present merchants are P. S. McNeff, Philips & Bro., Richard Lash, F. R. Miller, Daniel Thornburg. M. 0. & F. M. Pierce started a woolen factory about 1866, in a building that had been built by William Sparks. They carded and spun for about two years, and then retired from the business. The present grist mill was built in 1852 by William and John Paddock. After a few years, they were succeeded by John and William Butterfield, and a year later by Griggs & Clark. William Sparks bought it during the war. The present owner, John McDaniel, bought it late in the sixties. It has been an excellent mill. It is now being refitted, iron rolls being inserted in the place of stone buhrs. The town has had one or more saw mills since the earliest time. J. R. Hardin is the present owner. The popu- lation of the town is greater now than ever before, and is about 360. CENTERTON. This village was laid out in March, 1854, by Calvin Matthews, ad- ministrator of the estate of James Matthews, deceased. Hiram T. Craig was the surveyor, and is said to have named the town from its location in the county. There was a time when Centerton could have secured the prize of the county seat. This was in the fifties, just before the present court house was built, and later just before the railroad was completed. Sufficient influence was not brought to bear upon the points of success. Almost every unprejudiced person will readily say that the county seat should be, located either at Centerton or on the railroad in its immediate vicinity. There can be no question of the justice and future public pol- icy of this fact. It is well known that pecuniary interests are the only considerations which keep it where it is. Might, not right, rules. Of course there are parties at Martinsville, who, wise as serpents, will not admit these statements, though the heavens fall. The citizens of the county should see that the next court house is built at Centerton. The first store in Centerton was opened by William Spencer soon after the lots were laid out. He became the first agent of Uncle Sam. Thom- as Hardrick was the second merchant, and S. S. Cox the third. The leading merchants since then have been Silas Rinker, J. T. Piercy, Stipp & Green, Alexander Hardrick, William Gooch, D. S. Clements, Allen English, Bush Brothers, Miles Matthews and Lewis Campbell. The lat- ter and Bush Brothers are yet in business. Among the early families in Centerton were those of Calvin Matthews, William Spencer, William Cox, Thomas Hardrick, Dr. Skelton, Paul Sims, Joseph Robb, John Shields, Mr. Hunt, James Adams and John Butterfield. The present population of the village is about 200. The first blacksmith was Hiram Cox. W. J. Manker owned and conducted the first saw mill. Saw mills have since been owned and operated by Madison Matthews, Dixon & Shields, John Butterfield, Washington Patrick, Gamble Brothers. Centerton has in its vicinity the best fire brick clay in the State. The brick for the new State house are being manufactured about two miles 124 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. ^outhwest of the town. Jackson Record, an old settler of the county, who located in Washington Township in 1833, has been a resident of Clay Township since 1853. The county has had no citizen of greater prominence and worth. TEACHERS. The first schoolhouse built in Clay Township was erected in the But- terfield neighborhood in 1823, and during the summer of that year the first school in the township was taught therein by Hiram Collins. The house was a round-log structure, with a big fire-place, paper windows, puncheon seats and door. Butterfield, Barnes, Case, Hodge, Stotts and others helped to erect the building. Collins was a good teacher, but was a£Fected with the phthisic, which often made him cross. That was the sig- nal for indiscriminate whipping. Hiatt Thomas taught in the same house the following winter. He was a jovial fellow, and at noon would hunt coons with his larger boys. George A. Phelps was an early teacher in this house. After several years, this house was succeeded by a better one built a short distance east. Another early teacher in the first house was a Mr. Williams. A school was taught in the neighborhood of the Matthews at Centerton very early, but the facts could not be learned. Several schools started up in the thirties, and additional ones in the for- ties. The frame schoolhouse in Brooklyn was built early in the fifties. It was destroyed by fire in 1883. The first teacher in Brooklyn is for- gotten. A new brick schoolhouse will be built there within the next year or two, at a cost of about $5,000. The first schoolhouse in Center- ton was built early in the fifties. Thomas Skelton was probably the first teacher. A man named Moore was the second. This house was used until 1883, when a fine brick structure was constructed at a cost of about $5,000. The building is 44x58 feet, is two stories high, has four rooms, two above and two below, has a wide hall and stairway on the west side, and the cost is borne by the township. The first teacher in this building was Prof Smith. Clay has excellent schools. PREACHERS. It is said that the first sermon preached in the township was delivered by Rev. Proctor, an eminent minister of the Presbyterian Church, who was on his way, in 1823, from his home in Indianapolis to Bloomington, Ind., where he had an appointment to hold religious services. He stopped at the house of John Butterfield, and entertained that family and a few of the neighbors who gathered to hear him. The Church of Christ, in the southeastern part, was organized in the thirties, and for some time meet- ings were held at the houses of Velorus Butterfield, Thomas Morgan and family, Abraham Griggs and family, James Noble, Levi Plummer. The ground for the church was furnished by Mr. Plummer, and was on Section 30, Township 13 north. Range 2 east. The log church was erected early in the forties. A number of years afterward it was burned down, and a frame church was erected in its place. The Methodists had an early organization in the Rinker neighborhood, and in the forties a log church was erected at what was called Rinker's Corner. After many years a frame house took its place. The Methodist Church in Brooklyn was erected in 1869, and dedicated in 1870. The membership is now quite MONROE TOWNSHIP. 125 large. The Christian Church in Brooklyn was built three or four years after the Methodist Church, and the class is in a prosperous condition. The Christian Church at Centerton was moved there about two years ago. It formerly stood in the Rinker neighborhood, in the eastern part of the township, and then was occupied by the Methodists. MONKOE TOWNSHIP. THE PIONEERS. MONROE TOWNSHIP is one of the oldest portions of the county, and in some respects the most interesting. It is a fine tract of rolling land, well drained, and the greater portion of the soil is a rich sandy loam, one of the best kinds for general and inexhaustible cultivation. The first tract of land entered in the township was on Section 29, in the northeastern part, by William Pounds, in 1820 ; but Mr. Pounds did not come to the township for several years, and was therefore not the first settler. It cannot be certainly stated who the first was, but the burden of evidences is in favor of John H. Bray, who lived to the remarkable age of ninety-four years. He located on Section 28, in the northeastern part of the township in the year 1822. He was born in North Carolina during the Revolutionary war, and lived until seven or eight years ago. He waa a young man at the beginning of the present century, and was middle-aged at the time of the war of 1812-15. He was a man of stal- wart frame, and possessed an iron constitution. During his long resi- dence in the county, he was one of the most prominent and public-spirited of the citizens. Among those who came in soon after him were Jeremiah Hadley, Charles Allen, Thomas Rubottom, Zimri Allen, James Hadley, John Doan, Robert McCracken, James Demoss, Henry Brewer, Lot M. Hadley, T. E. Hadley, Philip Johnson, Samuel Hadley, Jonathan Doan, Joseph Hobson, William Bray, Joshua Carter, Oliver Kimberton, David Collins, Moses Hougham, Simon B. Hadley, Jesse Overman, Enoch Hadley, Jesse Ballard, Elijah Tansey, William Tansey, Abel Thompson, John C. Burris, Hiram Tomlinson, Eneas Ward, Ephraim Doan, William Johnson, George Crutchfield, John Hadley, George Seaton, Timothy H. Jessup, William Carter, Martin .Davenport, Daniel Beals, Job and Jesse Johnson, Isaac Hougham, and a little later John P. Lamb, Isaac Hobson, David Lindley, John Bryant, Samuel Harper, Alfred Elliott, James Reynolds, Jonathan Mendenhall, Elisha Gregory, Jesse Allen, Nicholas Johnson, John S. Hubbard, Peter Coble, Aaron Lindley, George Hub- bard, Edward Lindley, James Lindley, Joshua Lindley, Owen Lindley, Aaron Shaw, Thomas Edwards, James Pruitt, Benjamin K. Williams, Woodson Lewallen, Iva Stout, Jesse Baldwin, Eli Vestal, William Wisner, James Marley, Daniel Eerree, Amos Marker, Joseph Pray, Thomas Nichols and others. A few of these never lived in the township. 126 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. POLL TAX PAYERS OF 1842. Thomas Anderson, Zimri Allen, Charles Allen, Jesse Baldwin, 13. Bales, Daniel Carter, William Chambers, Isaac Chew, Samuel Chew, David Doan, Joseph Doan, Jesse Doan, Robert Doan, Jonathan Doan, William Doan, James Demoss, John Edwards, Samuel Edwards, Nathan Edwards, Alfred Elliott, Abe Elliott, Peter Farmer, Jesse Faulkner, John Ferree, Daniel Ferree, David Greeson, Peter Greeson, Elias Gregory, Daniel Hornaday, T. M. Hadley, Aaron Hadley, S. B. Hadley, William Hornaday, James Hadley, Isaac Hobson, Elias Hadley, David Johnson, Nicholas Johnson, Gideon Johnson, David Lindley, Edward Lindley, Woodson Lewallen, Owen Lindley, J. T. Marlett, Robert McCracken, John Marley, James Marley, William McClellan, John McClellan, Nathan Nichols, James Pitman, George Rubottom, Aaron Shaw, Iva Stout, Alexander Shore, David Shanafelt, Jesse Tansey, Eli Townsend, Elijah Tansey, William Wisner, Benjamin Wilson and some others, whose names cannot be made out. TOWN OF MONROVIA. In the month of June, 1834, Gideon Johnson and George Hubbard employed a surveyor and laid out forty-five lots on Section 12, Township 13 north. Range 1 west, and named the village thus founded Monrovia — a variation of the name of the township. The first merchants were Gideon Johnson and Ira Hadley, each of whom owned a store. If one began selling before the other, such fact is not now remembered. In 1887, Mr. Johnson sold out to Thomas Edwards & Co., for $600, Lots 1, 2, 13 and 14, Block 3, together with all the appurtenances thereunto belonging. This company was composed of Thomas Edwards, I. B. Edwards and C. G. Hussey. This company owned about $2,000 worth of a general assortment of goods. About the time this sale was effected, John Carter laid out an addition of sixteen lots to the town. Mr. Hadley still continued his business, taking in a partner in 1888. Mr. Johnson must have opened another store soon after his sale, as he took out a license in 1839 to sell merchandise. Eli Vestal was an early merchant in the village. Henry and Noah York engaged in the same pursuit early in the forties. Irvin Caveness was the first tavern keeper. Samuel Wilhite and John Valentine were probably the first blacksmiths. A man named Half hill opened a saddle and harness shop, and John Edwards began making wagons. The growth of the village, though not rapid, was steady and permanent. For several years, beginning about 1842, there was no store in town. This is said to have been due to the hard times resulting from the crash of 1837. Owen Johnson opened a store about 1845, and soon afterward Ira Hadley resumed his business, which had been temporarily abandoned. Collins, an Irishman, opened a store about 1850. Milton Lindley was engaged in the same pursuit about the same time, or possibly before. Benjamin Young came in with goods a little later, and Porter & Breedlove still later. After them came Samuel Had- ley, Joseph Fulghman, M. B. Shaw, Butler & Mendenhall, Mendenhall & Thompson, W. B. Thompson, Philips & Johnson, R. P. Johnson & Co., and several others, whose names are forgotten. A steam grist mill was built in the town not far from the year 1837, and was the first of the MONROE TOWNSHIP. 127 kind in the central part of the State. But the machinery was too rude to compete yet with the numerous powerful water mills, and the mill proved a failure, and was soon abandoned, and the machinery was removed. George Hadley built a wool-carding establishment about 1840, the motor being cattle on an inclined plane. It passed to Silas Gregory, who con- ducted it until about 1850. No spinning or weaving was done. A man named Dunning manufactured saddles quite extensively in the forties. Halfhill followed the same occupation. Ira Fowler owned a distillery some distance south of town, where lovers of ardent spirits could secure their favorite potations. Mershon was a cabinet and coffin maker, and was probably the first undertaker in the town. Mr. Caveness kept a shoe shop in connection with his tavern. William Wisner conducted a tannery, beginning about 1836. It is said that Joseph Pray started the business, but soon sold out to Wisner. A saw mill was conducted in con- nection with the steam grist mill. Harris & Goddard built the present steam grist mill in 1856. A woolen mill was added to it. John McDaniel bought both mills about 1861, but soon sold out to Charles Smith, who made money during the war. Hadley & Taylor succeeded Smith. In about 1868, the two mills were separated, each being owned by different parties. John Stanton bought the woolen mill, and Hadley & Taylor owned the grist mill. Mr. Taylor is the present owner of the grist mill. The woolen mill was an important industry. Spinning and weaving was done. Flannels, jeans and other cloths were manufactured. Various other industries have flourished from time to time, but the above are the more important. PRESENT BUSINESS INTERESTS. Dry goods, Samuel Philips, Pacely Thompson ; drugs, J. C. Hiatt & Co., McCracken Brothers; groceries, Hobbs & Johnson, Wilson Brothers, Fish & Son, S. H. Henley ; hardware and agricultural implements, Hobbs & Johnson ; milliners, Johnson Sisters, Alma JeflFries, Mattie Hubbard ; barber, Henry Book ; grist mill, Albert Taylor ; harness, J. H. Hunt ; livery, Daniel Brewer; photographer, Mr. Calvert; tile factory, John M. Davis ; carriages and wagons, Henry Binkley ; undertaker, Jerry Well- man. A newspaper was started in the town about 1880, by a man named Stotzell. After a checkered career of about six months, it became de- ' funct. Late in the sixties, the village became the " incorporated town of Monrovia." Ordinances were adopted, streets were drained, sidewalks were built, etc., but after a few years the municipal government was abandoned. SCHOOLS OP MONROE TOWNSHIP. It is not positively known where the first school was taught, as several years elapsed after the first settlement before an attempt was made to es- tablish a school in the township, owing to the fact that within a mile or two- in Brown Township, good schools had been started some years before, and the older children in Monroe could attend there during the winter months, and the younger ones during the summer months, which was then regarded as sufficient schooling for large and small children for the year. It is likely that terms of school were hefd in private residences before the 128 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. first established school came iato existence. The first school of which any distinct remembrance is had was taught in the West Union Church east of Monrovia during the winter of 1832-33 by Joshua Lindley. He was paid by subscription, and had a full school. David Lindley taught in the church after him. At the end of about three years, the Quakers built a schoolhouse adjoining the church, and in this building Evan Had- ley was the first teacher. After that date the school was one of the best in the northern part of the county. A schoolhouse was built west of Monrovia about 1836. A school was also started up in the southeastern part and another in the northeastern part about the same time. In each of these neighborhoods, however, terms of school had been taught in private houses for several years before the public schools were firmly es- tablished. The first teacher in Monrovia was a well-educated man named Butterfield, who taught a three months' term during the winter of 1837-38, in a schoolhouse that had been erected the summer and autumn before. Mr. Butterfield was an educator in advance of his time, and was re- garded as a "crank" on the subject of his own theories of public instruc- tion. Instead of being really " cranky," he simply earnestly favored and publicly advocated a system of education, which has since developed into the high schools of to-day. The only difference between his theory and the present system was the manner of obtaining funds for the support of the schools. It is stated that he favored public taxation for the support of the schools for the masses, but as his theory in this respect was un- popular in his day, or more specifically at Monrovia, he took the next best course he could, and urged the support of public schools by systematic rate bills and tuition. He was very energetic, and issued a printed cir- cular, advertising his school, specifying the branches taught, the tuition required and asking for pupils who were promised unusual advantages in acquiring a higher education than could be secured at the insignificant subscription schools then starting into life throughout the township. But there were three serious obstacles in the way of the success of the enter- prise of Mr. Butterfield : First — It cost considerable to attend his school. Second — There was no demand for advanced education. Third — The theories of Mr. Butterfield were regarded as unusual, suspicious, if not un- just. The result was that the school was a failure, and Mr. Butterfield left in disgust for more promising fields. Within fifteen years after he left, the very system he had advocated became the most popular and judi- cious plan of public education ever established up to that time. The com- mon school system of to-day is the child of this advance. This school of Mr. Butterfield's was taught in a portion of the " Monrovia House," yet standing and in use. The first schoolhouse in Monrovia was erected about 1858, the town children before that going east and west to the district schools. The house built was an ordinary frame structure, which was used until the two-storied brick building was erected about four years ago. The house is 28x64 feet, has four rooms in which four teachers are necessary to instruct the town youth, cost about $4,000, and is a credit to the town, which surpasses any other in the county, in proportion to population, in activity in the cause of education. The school is thoroughly graded, and competent in- MONROE TOWNSHIP. 129 structors are employed. Sooa after the last war, the citizeas of Monrovia and vicinity organized a Teachers' Institute, which is still in existence. The citizens subscribed liberally to support the institute, encouraged the valuable course of instruction and drill afforded the teachers, and those citizens who were competent lectured to the assembled teachers on ques- tions of education and school government. In view of the diflSculty attending an organization of this character — the great expense, the small- ness of the town, and the limited number of teachers likely to attend — the enterprise has been remarkably prosperous, the influence much more widely felt than was thought possible,' and the zeal of teachers and citi- zens in the cause of education places the little town head and shoulders above every other portion of the county. Not content with this excellent showing, the teachers and citizens, in March, 1882, organized the " Mon- rovia Normal and High School Association," every public-spirited citizen of the vicinity subscribing from $5 to $25 for its support. This association is yet in its infancy, yet the future will, no doubt, record its important achievements. CHRISTIAN ORfiANIZATIONS. It is likely that the first religious class organized in Monroe Town- ship was the one known as the West Union Meeting of Friends, which had its origin late in the twenties, from the older or parent class of Friends in Brown Township. Amonc; the members were George Ru- bottom, William Johnson, Aaron Lindley, Jerry Hadley, William Allen, Ashley Johnson, Philip Johnson, Eli Townsend, Jesse Baldwin, Jona- than Doan, Sr., Jonathan Doan, Charles Allen, Lot Hadley, Silas Greg- ory and others. Their frame church was built in 1832. This class is yet in existence. The Methodist class at Monrovia was organized soon after 1840, by Rev. H. S. Dane, who was the pastor for a number of years. Some of the members were Edward Lindley, Walker Caveness, Isaac Johnson, William Mull, Joel 0. McOlellan, 0. Marvin, D. 0. Doan, James R. Williams, William Best, A. M. Dilley, J. K. Best, James Hudson, L. B. Lewis and others. The pastor in 1856 was Rev. J. R. Williams. Their church was built about 1850. The Christian Church at Monrovia was established in the sixties. Among the leading members were Jeremiah Wellman, Dr. Reagan, Jo- seph Allison and Robert McCracken. The Methodist Church in the southeastern part of the township was organized about 1835, some of the early members being James Demoss, Thomas Grisham, Peter Farmer, Simon Hadley, William Tansey, Able Tansey, Jesse Tansey, William Hornaday and others. Meetings were often held at the houses of Thomas Grisham and James Demoss. After a number of years, 'their church was built. The Antioch Methodist Church east of Monrovia was established at a later date. Their church is worth about $700. The township has excellent religious advantages. THE UNDBRGROUND RAILROAD. One of the things of which the citizens of Monroe Township boast is the position taken by the older residents on the question of slavery. The anti-slavery sentiment came to the county with that noble class of 130 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. Christian people, the Friends, and from the earliest settlement until slav- ery was blotted out of the nation, no opportunity was lost to strike it a blow. Anti-slavery societies were organized at an early day, and public measures were adopted to bring the enormity of the "institution" squarely before the public eye. The Friends posted themselves thoroughly on the question from a social, moral and Biblical standpoint, and man- aged to "worst" those of sufficient courage to meet them in public de- bate. The Underground Railroad was an organization to assist runaway slaves, escaping from their masters, on their way to Canada. The Friends everywhere were prominently connected with this route, or routes, rather, as hundreds of different paths extended from the Southern States to the dominion of the British Queen. The procedure was a violation of the law of the land, but the Friends and Abolitionists knew they were right morally, and deliberately disobeyed the law. The routes were called " underground " because they were usually only operated at night to avoid detection and pursuit. Slaves that were worth from $600 to $1,200 each were not permitted to leave their masters without an effort being made to capture them. Bloodhounds were used, and every other measure to secure their return. The Friends constantly thwarted the slave catch- ers. A slave who made up his mind to run away would ascertain about the route to be taken, and get the name of the first Friend on the route, and just where his residence could be found. Then, under the cover of night, with his little bundle of clothes on his shoulder, he would resolute- ly turn his face northward, and make for the first station on his way. If that point was reached about morning, the agent of the railroad would feed the tired traveler, and then secrete him in some safe place about the premises until night came, when horses would be hitched to carriages or wagons, and the runaway would be rapidly driven northward ten or fif- teen miles to the next station. If considerable time yet remained before morning, the agent of the second station would hitch up as the first agent had done, and convey the slave to the third station, and the first agent would return home. In this way, after the lapse of many weeks, often through the direst dangers of pursuit, the slave would be safely landed in Canada, where pursuit would end, and where the hunted man would draw his first breath of freedom. Two or three routes extended across Morgan County, all of them passing through Monroe or Brown Town- ship. All of the Quakers were ready to assist runaway slaves, as were many Abolitionists who were not Quakers, but only a few men in the county were really members of the organization called " Underground Railroad." The leading members in Monroe Township were Jonathan Doan and his sons and relatives. They were known to take many a run- away to some point in Marion or Hendricks County. On one occasion, they conveyed a load of five slaves northward. They no doubt helped off scores of them. Eli J. Sumner, of Mooresville, was a prominent Aboli- tionist, but he did not belong to the railroad, though he did not hesitate an instant if a slave called upon him for assistance. William Bowles was the agent at Morgantowu ; Mr. Kelso also. Several at Martinsville afforded assistance, though none there were members of the organization. Many now claim to have been connected with the road who at the time were either neutral or inclined to capture the runaways and return them to their masters and get the large reward. HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 131 HARRISON TOWNSHIP. TREATY WITH THE DELAWARES. NO. Other portion of Morgan County is surrounded with greater his- torical interest than Waverly and vicinity. Here it was that the first settlement in the county was made while the Indians were yet occupying the soil, and while all the species of wild animals of this latitude yet roamed almost wholly unmolested m the trackless forest. The "New Purchase," of which Morgan County was a part, was secured from the Indians by the treaty of St. Mary's, Ohio, in October, 1818 ; but by the provisions of the treaty, the natives were to have the privilege of re- siding upon the soil and of hunting thereon until 1820. The land could not be formally thrown upon the market until after the expiration of this privilege of occupancy, but the whites could enter the territory, select their farms and improve the same, and be in readiness to purchase when the land became marketable. This was done in Morgan County to a limited extent. THE FIRST SETTLER OF THE COUNTY. In the summer of 1818, before the lands of the New Purchase had been ceded to the Government by the Indians, Jacob Whetzel, brother to the famous Indian fighter, Lewis Whetzel, and an Indian fighter him- self, went to the camp of the Delaware chief, Anderson, whose principal village was where the city of Anderson now stands, to get permission to cut a trace from White Water River in the eastern part of the State to the BluflFs* on White River, the object being to secure a road from such eastern point to the Bluffs, the remainder of the way to Vincennes to be by the river. Mr. Whetzel had in view then a permanent location at or near Vincennes. Permission was granted by Anderson, and the following autumn Mr. Whetzel, accompanied by his son Cyrus, and supplied with the necessary axes, guns, provisions, etc., blazed this route through to the Bluffs. This blazed road through the wilderness was probably the first in this part of the State, and became a famous highway for fam- ilies seeking homes in the New Purchase. It may yet be seen in some places, and is still known as " Whetzel's Trace." Mr. Whetzel was so pleased with the Bluffs and the surrounding country that he resolved to go no farther toward Vincennes with a view of settle- ment, whereupon he selected a piece of land in the valley of White River a short distance north of the present residence of his grandson-iii-law, Mr. McKenzie, and resolved to send out his son, Cyrus, the following spring to clear a small tract and raise a crop. Early the next spring (March, 1819), Jacob and his. son Cyrus, with the necessary seeds, im- plements and arms, came via Whetzel's Trace to the Bluffs, estab- •A mile and a half northeast of Waverly, where old Port Eoyal used to stand, generally called "The Bluffe." 132 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. lished with stakes the permaaent boundary of about sixty acres of land just below Waverly, and after erecting a rude log cabin the father went back to his family, leaving Cyrus to clear immediately a few acres for a crop of corn, wheat and vegetables, and to deaden a larger tract during the summer. The second night after the father had gone, a heavy snow fell, and Cyrus built a large fire to drive off the wolves and the cold. During the night, he felt something creep under the blanket under which he was sleeping, but was too unconcerned to make further discoveries until the next morning when he was somewhat surprised to learn that his sleeping companion was none other than a huge Delaware Indian. This discovery was not sufficient to scare vfery perceptibly a man in whose veins ran the distinguished blood of the Whetzels. Cyrus was but eighteen years of age, yet he felt no fear in the wilderness, though sur- rounded with wild and dangerous animals, and with the scarcely less wild and dangerous Indians. THE FIRST FARM. Cyrus Whetzel, assisted by a young man whose name is no longer recollected, and who came out soon after the young man did, cleared off a small "truck patch," where corn, vegetables and a small quantity of wheat were raised. Ten or fifteen acres of heavy timber were also dead- ened. The following autumn the family came out to stay permanently. This settlement may justly be dated from the fall of 1818, one year be- fore the family came out, as the farm was then selected and the intention fully matured to locate thereon permanently. The elder Whetzel, Jacob, was a professional hunter, knew but little of farming, and practiced less, but he perhaps never had an equal in the county in woodcraft, and in experience of the Indian. Much of his time was spent in hunting until 1827. when he died. He manufactured his own powder, and dressed almost altogether in buckskin. He did some coopering. His son Cyrus inherited the Whetzel constitution and sagacity, and in his younger years gained an extensive acquaintance with the Indian character. He soon married and became one of the foremost men of the county. He after- ward represented the county in the Legislature. He was brave enough and farseeing enough to look beyond the day in which he lived, and to take the advanced and nobler, liberal position of to-day on the subject of religion. He died in 1876, full of years, respected by all true men, and lies buried near the residence of his son-in-law, Mr. McKenzie. • INCIDENTS. At a very early date, a number of Delaware Indians came to the cabin of Jacob Whetzel, and a big brave named "Nosey" (part of his nose had been cut off, and hence the name) bantered Cyriis to shoot at a mark. The challenge was accepted, but Cyrus proved to be the better marksman. This threw Nosey, who possessed a violent temper, into a furious rage, but his fear of the stalwart and courageous young man pre- vented any serious results to the latter. The party soon left, but one of them, who dared to taunt the Indian with his defeat, was instantly killed by the still enraged savage. The latter was given one year, according to custom, to redeem his life by furnishing 100 deer skins to the murdered HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 133 man's relatives. This could easily have been done, but no effort was made, and Nosey was accordingly put to death by torture. Mr. Whetzel one day loaned a Delaware his " gig " to spear fish, and when it was returned one of the prongs was gone, the Indian stating that he had broken it off in a log. A few days later, Mr. Whetzel came upon the same Indian on the river where he had speared a wagon load of the finest fish, with a gig made from the broken prong, which had been driven into the end of a tough slender pole. This Indian was en- gaged in drying the fish. He was so expert that he could strike a fish eight or ten yards away. Many years ago, the Whetzels discovered about a half bushel of bullets of all sizes from a shot to a half-ounce ball on the bottom near Waverly. They had been scattered out over several rods, by the action of the water no doubt, but how they came there is a mystery yet to be solved. ADDITIONAL EARLY SETTLERS. The name of the second settler in Harrison Township is not certain- ly known. Among those who came in soon after the Whetzels were Christopher Ladd, Jesse Tull, Benjamin Mills, David E. Allen, Henry Rout (who remained but a short time), John Paul, John Hamilton, Thomas Ingles, George Powell, Joseph Bennett, Thomas Grardner, William Good- win, James Burch, Robert C. Stott, Barlow Aldridge, Joseph Frazee, William Btter and many others whose date of settlement cannot be cer- tainly fixed. The following list of men paid poll tax in Harrison Town- ship in 1842, the list being given here to preserve the names of as many of the early residents as possible. A few of the men never resided in the township: Barlow Aldridge, J. D. Bromwell, J. F. Brenton, James Burris, Joseph Brenton, Joseph Baker, James Duke, J. W. Davis, Dixon Dee, Daniel Etter, Cornelius Free, J. G. A. Frydinghire, George Haslett, Elijah Henderson, John Harrow, Benjamin Harrold, William Harrold, Benjamin Holland, Abner Hightour, G. Kershner, Richard Dee, J. M. Laughlin, J. A. Laughlin, Lewis Leach, J. S. Leach, Alan- son Lewis, Benjamin Mills, Allen McLain, Thomas Mitchell, G. J. Mills, Daniel Newkirk, J. H. B. Nowland, J. M. Norton, George Powell, W. Prescot, Aaron Prescot, Jason Rust, David Rust, Frederick Swartz, George Smith, Robert Smith, John Stephenson, I. W. Tacket, William Tull, Drury Trusty, Cyrus Whetzel and Jesse Wharton. THE BLUFFS, OR PORT ROYAL. The Bluffs were known before there was a solitary settler in the county. Frenchmen from Vincennes and vicinity had come up the river before the war of 1812 ; and if tradition is correct had established temporary trad- ing stations with the Delaware Indians, who then occupied the country. Various adventurers and speculators had visited the spot, and it became called The Bluffs. It is likely that Christopher Ladd was the first white settler at the point. He located there either in 1819 or early in 1820. He it was who claimed the location of the capital of the State at the Bluffs. Several of. the Commissioners appointed by the Legislature to permanently fix the capital voted in favor of the Bluffs. Mr. Ladd be- gan keeping tavern there before the county was organized, and was the 134 HISTORi' OF MORGAN COUNTY. first man in the county to take out the necessary license to keep tavern and sell liquor. The corpse of a man was found on the river bottom near his house, and Mr. Ladd was arrested and tried for the murder, but not a shadow of substantial evidence was found against him. He was acquitted, and his lack of means only prevented him from prosecuting his defamers, as they no doubt deserved. This was the first noteworthy trial of the county. Cyrus Whetzel and Mr. Ladd were intimate friends, and the former always insisted on the latter's innocence. Mr. Whetzel always suspected an Indian, who, after the murder, was found in possession of a horse and saddle, a black silk handkerchief, a red morocco pocket-book, etc., of which he failed to give a satisfactory account. No doubt the murdered man had come out to buy land, and falling in with the Indian was foully murdered for his effects. The town was surveyed and platted before the county was organized, James Borland being the surveyor. It was laid out about the middle of September, 1821, on the north half of the southeast quarter of Section 13, Township 13 north, Range 2 east, in the Brookville Land District. Forty-three lots were laid out on the bluffs of White River. Thomas Lee was the proprietor. The Bluffs, or Port Royal, as it became called afterward, attracted settlers early. Ladd was the first. Robert Bradshaw was probably the second. Daniel Allen was about the third. He was the first tailor. He sold liquor in 1827 and merchandise in 1828. Bradshaw sold liquor in 1826. Ladd's tavern was a great rendezvous for those who loved the flowing bowl. It was a great pleasure for the early settlers at Port Royal to gather round his blazing bar-room fire when the nights were icy cold and the bitter wind dashed the falling snow in eddies around the old log tavern, to listen to the stories of the travelers who stopped there for rest. It became a famous place. The early members of the Legislature from the southern part of the State would make Ladd's tavern their last stop- ping place before reaching the capital and the first place after leavTng it. Mrs. Ladd was a genial, hospitable woman, a good conversationalist, and a woman who could not be excelled in the manufacture of good tea and cofiee. Her guests discovered this latter fact, and a word of praise was sufficient to insure a beverage rarely found in the backwoods. On one occasion, her supply failed so nearly that she was obliged to mix tea and coffee as a last desperate resort. A traveler sipped the steaming bever- age, raised his eyebrows, curled up the corners of his mouth in a saga- cious smile, and speaking to his hostess, said, " Mrs. Ladd, if this is tea bring me coffee, and if it's coff'ee bring me tea." The good lady was obliged to explain the situation, which satisfied the polite traveler, who resumed his meal. The Blairs, the Paytons, the Hollajjds, the Wheatleys, the Davises, the Armstrongs, the Balls, the Beattys and others were among the early residents of Port Royal. Ladd sold the first merchandise in about the year 1823. His stock was insignificant, but was kept to accommodate a few of the residents. Robert Stafford, Peter Hennison, Hugh Endsley, William Agness and Henry Riddle were in business early. Bradshaw sold calicoes, etc., about 1827. John Wheatley was probably the first blacksmith. David Allen had a few hundred dollars' worth of goods late HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 135 in the twenties. Luce & Allen opened the first goods store in 1832. Their stock was worth more than $1,000. M. C. Rust sold liquor in 1832 and groceries in 1888. C. H. Hayes & Co. began selling from a large general stock late in 1832. Ayres & Pinney were the leading mer- chants in 1888 ; they were the successors of Luce & Ayres. About this time, the town was at the zenith of its prosperity, and contained a popu- lation of about 150. Cyrus Whetzel took out a grocery license in 1884. McCarty & Williams, H. Saunders, D. Rust were other merchants late in the thirties. The town began to die about 1840. Nothing is left of it now. VILLAGE OF WAVERLT. This little village started up when the canal was being constructed, about 1837. J. H. B. Nowland, now a resident of Indianapolis, the author of one or more interesting volumes on the early settlement of this part of the State, opened the first store of consequence on the " Island," in about 1888. A number of " shanties " had been erected before for the accommodation of the canal workmen, in one or more of which provisions were kept to supply the tables. Mr. McLain was a superintendent. The first storehouse was built by Cornelius Free. Brown and Robinson each owned a tavern. Various rude dwellings soon went up, and the town began to grow. Mr. Brannon really sold the first goods. \ The canal men made it lively of nights at the saloons. Cornelius Free was the central figure from the start. He built a large grist mill in 1837, four stories and a half high, with four or five runs of buhrs. This mill was one of the finest ever in this part of the State, was the life of Waverly, and received a patronage over a radius of forty miles. Attached to it was a saw mill and a woolen factory, where carding only was done at first, but later spinning and weaving. An attachment for kiln-drying corn was soon added, and the united enterprises received an enormous patronage. Mrs. McKinzie said she had seen more than a hundred teams stand waiting their turn to be waited upon. The corn was ground in the mill, then kiln-dried, then shipped by boat to Southern markets. Benjamin Sweet, of Martinsville, was the leading carpenter who built the big mill. The water which operated these industries was from the canal feeder, and was purchased of the State by Mr. Free. After a few years, Jacob Corman leased the mill, and late in the forties the property was sold to John Carlisle. Samuel Moore and J. S. Kelley, of Mooresville, packed a con- siderable pork at Waverly, shipping the same by flat-boat down White River. Dr. Paris was an early physician. Dr. Overstreet was his part- ner. They owned an apothecary's shop, the ancestor of the modern drug store. The Breeces, the Kershners, the Swopes, the McLains, the Now- lands, the Wishards, the Stevensons and others were among the leading residents in the thirties. A Polander named Frydingshire packed pork at Waverly. McLain conducted a big saw mill, and shipped consider- able lumber down the river. Howe afterward conducted this mill. Among the merchants of the forties were McLain, Boles, Jones, Nowland, Frank and Washington Landers, John Huntsinger. Abe Breneman. Margarum owned a cooper shop ; Harrah and Reese, carpenter shops, and John Gleason, a cabinet shop. Dr. White practiced medicine. It is said that James Burris opened the first carpenter shop in Waverly, and 136 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. a man named Robinson the first wagon shop. This was about the year .1837. Waverly was laid out and recorded in 1841, by M. H. Brown, 0. G. Kershner and D. W. Howe, owners and proprietors. Fifty-five lots were laid out on the southeast side of the Central Canal, and a large lot was left for a public square. The principal street — the one extending northeast and southwest — was Main street. WAVERLY IN LATER TEARS. Merchants since 1850 have been, among others. Landers Brothers, J. L. Knox, Peter Baxter, Ezra Allman, James Griggs & Son, John Cook, Thomas Hussey, Cannon, Smith & Dunn, A. J. Tarleton, John Graves, W. W. Dorman, Howe & Etter, F. M. Fields at present, G. Scroggs, Eli Paddock at present, Jacob Duncan & Son at present, and Vincent & Dukes at present. The greatest population of Waverly has been about 250. Carpenters, blacksmiths, coopers, wagon-makers, etc., etc., have come and gone like an endless chain. The present population is about 150. SCHOOLS. Several terms of school were taught in Port Royal quite early in the twenties in an old log cabin, or rather in several old log cabins. The names of the teachers cannot be given. A schoolhouse was built near the town about 1829, where the town children attended as long as there were town children to go, which was until about 1840. Schools were first held in Waverly about 1842. The few children, however, usually went south to the country schoolhouse which stood southwest of town on Mr. McKenzie's farm. This house ;was used many years, or until the present one was erected, about 1850. This building, though over thirty years have elapsed since it was built, is in a fine state of preservation, and, owing to the fresh coat of paint, looks like a new house. In Sep- tember, 1826, there was formed at Port Royal a " Union Society for the Encouragement of Learning and Religion," at the head of which were Danial Boaz and Henry Brown, of Johnson County, and David Allen and others of Port Royal and vicinity. This society furnished excellent schools for that day, employed competent teachers, and the town soon acquired quite a reputation for its advancement in learning and morals. The enterprise died out in the thirties. CHURCHES. No doubt the first class in the township was established at Port Royal. Late in the twenties, the Methodists formed a small class there. Scarcely anything is known of the class, as it soon died. In 1840, the Methodists formed a class on Section 36, Harrison Township, and soon after, were the owners of a small church. Among the members were the families of John Taylor, of Johnson County, Thomas Mitchell, Jacob L. Bromwell, James Epperson, Henry Brenton, Gideon Drake and others. Land for the church was furnished by Mr. Bromwell. Rev. Zelots S. Clifford was the pastor in 1846. This was called the Shiloh Church. The Trustees in 1846 were James Epperson, Gideon Drake, William Robe, Lewis W. St. John and Josiah Drake. This society flourished for many years. Early in the forties, the Presbyterians formed a small class at Waverly. They BAY TOWNSHIP. 137 met to worship in residences and in the saw mill of Mr. Free. Here it was that Henry Ward Beecher preached several consecutive days. His auditors sat on rude plank benches around him, and the since famous minister so stirred them up with his eloquence that his sermons are yet distinctly remembered by many. The Methodists had a nominal organi- zation at Waverly in about 1840, and soon afterward a small class was partially organized by Rev. Hammond. About 1857, the class had be- come strong enough to build a church, which the members proceeded to do, getting a large subscription from other denominations and from out- siders, with the understanding that the building should be open to all Christian denominations and to all moral public lectures. The building was erected, but after a number of years the Methodists took absolute possession and control of the house, and refused to allow other denomina- tions or lecturers to use it without the arbitrary consent of their Trustees. How strange it is that so many Christian denominations, after solemnly dedicating a church to the service of God, can piously turn around with a prayer on their lips and fraudulently obtain absolute possession of the building which is at least partially owned by others. Christians do not act thus. Among the early Methodists were John Graves, Barlow Al- dridge, Aaron T. Wiley, William J. Knox, George Rinker, Robert P. Gray, E. A. AUman, Cyrus Etter, James Griggs and their families. Cy- rus Whetzel paid liberally toward the construction of the People's Church. M. W. Brenton was pastor in 1856. This church was really a branch of the Shiloh and Mount Olive organizations. RAY TOWNSHIP. THE BUTLER CREEK SETTLEMENT. IT is not certainly known who was the first permanent settler in Ray Township. Neither is the exact time of the first settlement known. A settlement was made in the western part of the township on Butler Creek in 1821 certainly, and probably in 1820. The settlement of Owen County had an earlier date than that of Morgan County, and Gosport was one of the oldest points. Ephraim Goss, Sr., had located there as early, probably, as 1818, and others had selected farms near him. Then down the river were several other settlements, especially in the vicinity of Spencer, where several scores of families had established themselves. Before there was a white family in Morgan County, and even before the purchase of the soil from the Indians, the country had been visited by numerous home seekers from the older localities down the river and elsewhere. Then, as soon as the purchase became known, the territory was invaded by prospective pioneers and speculators. As early probably as 1820, and certainly as early as 1821, several families established themselves, as above stated, on Butler Creek, about a mile north of the river and near the western boundary of the county. This, so far as can be learned, was the first settlement in Ray Township. There is a tradition to the effect 138 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. that several years before this colony was formed, a professional hunter and his family had lived a year or more on the banks of this creek. One thing is certain. After the settlement had been formed, and even after several years had elapsed and other portions of the township had per- manent families, the remains of an old cabin and other evidences of human occupancy were still plainly discernible on the creek. Some have stated that the name of this family was Butler, and that the creek received its christening from that circumstance ; but the better opinion seems to be that the stream took its name from a Mr. Butler who lived thereon across the line in Owen County at a very early date. The families of James McKinney, Solomon Tucker and Thomas Thompson were, so far as is now known, the first to locate permanently in what is now Ray Town- ship. The three families, no doubt, moved there in 1820^ and the follow- ing year, when the land was thrown into market, each entered a tract of land where his log cabin had been previously built. The old settler, Philip Hodges, thinks these families were the first in the township, but which was first, or whether either was first, he does not certainly know. He did not move to the township until 1824, but he had passed up the river on more than one occasion on a tour of inspection a year or two before the land was thrown into market, and possibly before the New Purchase had been secured by treaty with the Indians in October, 1818. When he first became aware of the presence of these families in the town- ship, he no longer recollects. The first tract of land entered was the easthalf of the southwest quarter of Section 22, on the 16th of February, 1821, by Abner Alexander. The second was the west half of the northwest quarter of Section 27, on the 29th of May, 1821, by Solomon Tucker. The third was the northeast quarter of Section 23, on the 9th of March, 1821, by William Anderson. The fourth was the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 22, on the 20th of July, 1821, by Daniel Goss. The fifth was the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 27, on the 27th of July, 1821, by James McKinney. The sixth was the west half of the southwest quarter, on the 4th of August, 1821, by Thomas Thompson. A few other entries were made in 1821, by Wiley Williams, Joseph Kibble, David Fain in the eastern part, and Philip Hodges on Section 14. Fred Buckhart bought land on Section 8 in 1822, and Ephraim Goss, Jr., on Sections 2 and35, in 1823. Solomon Watson and Scott Young bought land in the north- western part in 1823. Joshua Crow bought on Section 27 in 1823. Philip Hodges and Charles D. Seaton bought on Section 3 in 1824. Vor- daman Fletcher purchased a tract on Section 13 the same year. Jacob Johns and Benjamin Freeland bought on Section 34, in 1824, and Fred Stigerwalt, Thomas Sandy and William Asher on Section 35 the same year. William Thompson, Abraham Lafaver, John Thompson; Levi Walter, Levi Whitaker, Elijah Bowen, Richard Fletcher, Joseph Rhodes, John Vickery, John Berry, Amos Meyers, Elisha Boyd, Henry Ratts entered land in the township later, in the twenties. Among the entries in the thirties were the Whitakers, Jefferson Farr, William Deal, Abe Riley, James Johnson, William Voshels, P. Howell, Samuel Fletcher, Presley Asher, William Guy, Peter Ester. Joseph Yount, Jacob Beaman, Dabney Miller, Joel Eliott, Anderson Poseley, John and William Duckworth, J. S. Johnson, Elijah Duckworth, William Adkins and others. EAT TOWNSHIP. 139 The first colony in the township then was on Butler Creek. The second was in the northwest corner founded by Ephraim Goss, Jr., who entered a tract of land there in January, 1823, and the following spring came out and built a log cabin, into which he moved his family. He had scarcely become established before he was joined by Solomon Watson, Levi Walters, Vordaman Fletcher, Ike Fletcher, Abe Fletcher, Philip Hodges and others. Mr. Hodges came to reside in the township in 1824. He came up the river with a yoke of oxen, but no wagon, in 1824, to the land he had just entered on Section 3. He immediately went to work cutting down trees, cutting out logs and hauling them with the oxen to the spot selected for his cabin. All this was done in one day. The next day Mr. Hodges was assisted by Levi Walters, John Asher, John Matlock and others, who helped him erect the hewed-log cabin, his first home in Mor- gan County. The building was one of the typical sort, with puncheon floor, clapboard roof and door, and the indispensable fire-place. All this work was done in one day. Soon after this, the family, then consisting of the mothep and two children, were moved into this backwoods home ; here the family lived for many years. Mr. Hodges bought the first tract of land in the New Purchase. It was on the first day of the public sale of land at Terre Haute on the 4th of September, 1820. Col. John Vawter was the " crier " of the sale. Mr. Hodges bid in at the Government price of $1.25 per acre in Township 11 north, Range 1 east, now in Washington Township, about two miles east of Martinsville, the west half of the northwest quarter of Section 1, and the east half of the north- east quarter of Section 2, the two lots aggregating 151.45 acres. Im- mediately after the hammer fell, the crier said to Mr. Hodges : " You are the first freeholder in the New Purchase." This fact was not thought as much of then as it is now. POLL TAX PAYERS OF 1842.* Hiram Alexander, Tobias Butler, William Deal, Elijah Eaton, James Farr, Jefferson Farr, Ephraim Goss, Hezekiah Guy, Isham Guy, Philip Hodges, James Johnson, Amos Myers, Enoch Myers, Solomon Myers, James McGinnis, Cyrus Marsh, Thomas McGinnis, James D. Newton, Bartholomew Pearson, Caleb Stirewalt, Adam Stirewalt, Elijah Watters, John Worthen, William Worthen, Levi Whitaker, Jr., G. B. Whitaker, Scott W. Young. This is not a complete list, but is the best that can be given. INCIDENTS AND IMPKOVEMENTS. The settlement and improvement of the township was slow but sure. A good industrious class of people came in largely from the Southern States, many of whom left there, as they did not care to rear their fami- lies where slavery was regarded as a " divine institution." The free States settling upon the north side of the Ohio River was the point of attraction, and the southern half of Indiana and Illinois received large ascessions to the pioneers. Many species of wild animals infested the forests of Ray Township, even for several years after the first settlement. Deer, especially, were very numerous ; scores were often seen in one « The Hat of tax payers for 1842 is glTen here, in orjer to preserve, as far as possible, the names of the early residents. There is no record of the tax payers earlier than 1842. S 140 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. herd, and almost every cabin had venison steak at all meals. Corn bread, venison, fat pork, wild honey or maple sirup or sugar, wild turkeys, potatoes, pumpkins and wild fruits constituted the principal pioneer diet. Occasionally light wheat bread could be had, but this was a delicacy not the commonest. Ephraim Goss, Jr., was one of the most successful hunt- ers in the township. His uncle, Ephraim, Sr., who lived in Owen County, was a famous hunter, and on more than one occasion killed bears. The nephew had learned much of the chase from the uncle, and finally became almost as skillful. If he killed any game larger than deer in Ray Township, such fact is not now known. Philip Hodges relates the following incident of Mr. Goss : One season, during a period of several weeks, the wolves had been very troublesome. At times they would vent- ure so close to the cabin or the stable as to endanger the swine, fowls, calves and sheep, and all these domestic animals had to be carefully watched during the day, and penned securely up in high substantial in- closures at night. This caused a great deal of trouble, which Mr. Goss concluded, if possible, to terminate. He selected a point where the wolves would be likely to pass, and there built a high log or pole pen held firmly in place by stakes. Fresh meat was placed therein, and the trap was so contrived, that when an animal entered the doorway to get the meat the trigger would be struck and the gate would fall, closing securely the means of egress. When all had been made satisfactory, the trap was baited and left to perform its work. Ere many days had elapsed, a large wolf was found in the trap. An opening was made, through which the animal thrust its head in an efibrt to escape, when the gate was pushed down on its neck, pinning it fast against the log. Here its mouth was securely tied up, and a chain was tied tightly aroung its neck, after which the gate was opened, and the animal permitted to jump out. Several large dogs had been standing about, anxious, no doubt, for a chance at the wolf, but they were put off until after the fierce animal had been led home. It was then resolved to ham-string the wolf, cut the ropes around its mouth, and let it fight the dogs. This was done, and the half crippled animal was savagely attacked by the big dogs. But the curs soon learned "to go slow." The double row of long white teeth would snap together like a steel trap, and cut the skin of the dogs )ike a knife. After the fight had been witnessed for a long time, the wolf was shot. This was rather cruel sport, but the spectators, of whom Mr. Hodges was one, greatly enjoyed it. PARAGON. This village started up early in the fifties. J. D. Newton, who had been selling goods a few miles northeast, started a store there about 1852. His brother Thomas conducted the store, which was continued about fif- teen years. Near the close of the war, Scott & McMillan opened a store. Lehman & McMillan succeeded them. Newton, Hodges & Co. began about 1870. Since then the leading merchants have been Raber & Mc- Cord, Samuel Rosengarden, Frank Cunningham, drugs ; J. W. Prater, drugs ; Clarence H. .Jones, drugs, and others. The present merchants are Mr. Raber, J. K. Stout, William Brown & Co., Goss & Co. Andrew Fletcher was the first blacksmith ; P. M. Blankenship, the first carpenter. BAY TOWNSHIP. 14^1 The following men have owned saw mills : P. M. Blankenship^ George and Henry Lincoln, Goulding & Harden, Levi Frederick, T. & H. My- ers, J. W. Prater, and at present Philip Blankenship. I'm': Ed Robinson owned a grist mill in town for two or three years, beginning about 1871, at the end of which time it was moved away. Dr. Charles Holman was the first physician and J. D. Newton the first Postmaster. The village has a population of about 250. It has important lumber interests. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. Where and when the first school was taught in the township cannot fully be determined. The first one. so far as known, was taught in the settle- ment in the northwestern part in the year 1832, by Levi Johnson. This could not have been the first in the township. In all probability, school was taught in thesouthern part as early as 1828, and possibly earlier. In 1840, there were four established schools, all, of course, being supported by sub- scription. Soon after Paragon started into life, a schoolhouse was built there, and Joseph Fletcher became the first teacher. This house was erected by Perry M. Blankenship. It was used until about 1866, when a larger house was built on the same lot. The present fine brick school building was constructed in 1882, at a cost of about $2,500. I. E. Kerlin was the first Principal. He had two assistants. The township, as a whole, has good schools. The first sermon in the township was preached in 1822 by Rev. Thomas Thompson, a minister or elder of the Dunkard Church, and one of the earliest residents of the township. He preached at his own and at his neighbors' cabins quite often, but so far as can be learned no organ- ization was effected. A Baptist Church was organized on the northern boundary of the township late in the twenties, among the members being Levi Asher, William Manon, Elijah Bowen, John Durham, John Burnam and others. Perhaps a majority of the members lived in Ashland Township or in Owen County. It was called the Samaria Baptist Church. A Lutheran Church was organized in Ray Township in the forties, Lewis Tucker, Henry Miller, Ambrose Seachrist and others belonging. A Christian Church was organized west of Paragon in the forties, and for many years used a frame dwelling that had been vacated for a church. The class built a church in 1859. Perry M. Blankenship was one of the leading members. The Methodists have a class at Paragon of a later origin. 142 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. ADAMS TOWNSHIP. NATURAL RESOURCES. THE northwestern part of the county was not settled as early as other portions, for the reason that it contained no navigable streams, or was remote from White River, then the great commercial highway. In ancient times civilization sought the sea. Almost all of rhe ancient cities of great commercial importance were on some body of water. This was due to the fact that water was the chief highway. But when steam was harnessed and driven at an amazing rate of speed to the heart of the con- tinent, inland towns of great power sprang up, and many on the larger water-courses died, yielding their seeds of life to the new. The general settlement of Adams Township did not take place until the thirties, at which time the greater portion of the land was purchased by actual residents. The tardiness of settlement was not the result of the poverty of the soil, as the greater portion is rich bottom land, well watered by Mill Creek on the west and its tributaries. There is a low, wet tract of country extending across the township from east to west, usually known as the Lake, which, when fully drained and reclaimed, will be the most valuable land in the township. The northwestern part is drained by Mud Creek, which finds its outlet in Mill Creek. For several years before any permanent settlers lived in the township, the woods were thoroughly hunted over by ambitious Nimrods from the older localities along White River and White Lick Creek. The game in the vicinity of the river had become scarce, but out northwest in the forests of Adams, bears and an abundance of less dangerous wild animals could be found. Benjamin Cuthbert, who lived in Brown Township, was a professional hunter, and only a few of the early settlers could excel him with the rifle. He killed hundreds of deer annually (in the thirties, largely in Adams Township), and made his living wholly from the sale of their skins, at from 75 cents to $1.50 each, and the sale of their "sad- dles." Many an old settler living in the northern part of the county remembers eating venison of his killing. It is said that he killed two bears in Adams Township in the woods on Mud Creek at a very early day. He shot the mother bear, and then was obliged to use his knife on the cub. He was an experienced deer hunter, and knew enough to keep away from a wounded buck or doe. The wolves were very troublesome in the township at the time of the first settlement. The Staleys had stock killed by them, and no doubt others were served in a similar man- ner, as wolves are no respecters of persons. THE EARLY SETTLEMENT. The name of the first settler is not known. It is likely that the Sta- leys, who came in about the year 1825 or 1826, were the first. Several families of Treats came in about 1828 or 1829. Thomas Shoemaker was ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 143 one of the first, if not himself the first. He came to the township in 1826, and entered considerable land, and soon built up a comfortable home. Other early residents of the township were James Pruitt, John Johnson, B. Pruitt, Terrell Brewer, "William Brewer, George Seaton, Richard Osborn, Nathaniel Wheeler (who entered nearly 300 acres), John Linn, Allen Wheeler, Amaziah McLain, Thomas Barker, George Elliott, Thomas Stringer, Garland Gentry, Thomas McCarty, John Tomlinson, Daniel Elliott, Eli Pruitt, Richard Wiley, George Erlinger, Thomas Hulse, James Broadstreet, Benjamin Freeland, M. A. Miller, Nathan Wheeler, John, James, William, Richard and Stephen Treat (who came in the twenties), David A. Curtis, Jonathan MqCuUom, Philip A. Fox- worthy, Jeremiah Matthews, Jesse Pritchett, Larkin Parish, John Rat- liflF, Allen Taylor, James Dorsett, Robert Walters, Miller Howell, John Bowman, Gideon Brasier, Logan Gray, John Craven, George Moore, G. W. Bowman, John L. Ashbaugh, John and James Taylor, William Edwards, William and Edward Bowman, Israel Lewis, Robert Walter, Hiram Brasier, Isaac Brasier, Andrew Thompson, Solomon Watson, James Ogles, Joseph, William and Robert Walters, Joseph Donaldson, William Wigal, John Burnan, George Shape, Silas Nichols, A.D.Blunk, John Reeves and others. All of the above men, however, did not reside in Adams. Some were speculators, and some were residents of neighbor- ing townships. The poll tax payers in 1842 were as follows : William Allen, William Alexander, Benjamin Alexander, William Aldred, A. J. Bowman, John Bennett, Peter Bryant, Simon Bundy, Hardin Bundy, Alfred Bundy, Ter- rell Brewer, David D. Blunk, Amos D. Blunk, William Brewer, Samuel Beadle, C. B. Bowman, J. M. Bryant, W. T. Boyd, William and Reu- ben Bryan, N. B. Chambers, William Clark, Ignatius Clark, David A. Curtis, Alfred Delavan, S. A. Duncan, W. S. Drake, John Dunham, High Dobbs, Abijah Dorsett, James Dorsett, Duty Dorsett, Charles Duncan, Joseph Donaldson, William Estes, Frank Elliott, Peter Elmore, S. M. D. Elmore, Jared Elsey, A. J. Franklin, W. A. Franklin, Josiah Graves, Aaron Goodwin, Francis Gibbons, Samuel Goodwin, Thomas L. Gray, Stephen Grimes, Garland Gentry, William Gumm, George Guy, Daniel Goodwin, Asa Hadley, J. T. Hall, George Horner, Johnson Hutchinson, Edward Jackson, John Johnson, M. B. Johnson, B. S. John- son, Hezekiah Johnson, Moses Kenney, Nathaniel Ludlow, John M. Ludlow, Job Lewis, John Moser, William Moser, Bryce Miller, M. D. Miller, Jonathan McCollum, Edward Miller, John McGinnis, William Norton, W. A. Nunn, Andrew Ogle, Zachariah Ogle, Richard Osborn, Benoni Peterson, Bright Pruitt, Lorenzo Padget, John Pritchett, Paul Peters, Andrew Pottorfi", Larkin Parish, W. H. Parker, Eli Pruitt, Jr., John Reeves, James Ruston, John R. Robards, Samuel Rowland, John Ratlifi", J. G. Russell, Peter Staley, Thomas Shoemaker, James Snoddy, Jacob Stitts, Reuben Stringer, William Staley, John Staley, Eli Staley, James Stringer, Sampson Staley, Jacob Shake, Joseph Smith, A. S. Smith, Aaron Smith, Jacob Surber, David Shields, Joseph Snodgrass, James Sallust, Abraham Turner. Richard Treat, William Trammell, J. W. Treat, W. W. Treat, Nathan Wood, Nathaniel Wheeler, L. P. Whit- taker, Elisha Wood, Gideon Wright, Isaac Wilcox, Payton Wheeler, Eli- 144 history; op morgan county. jah Wallace, Thomas Wheeler, Enoch Wallace, Edmond Worley, Allen Wheeler, Richard Walters, William Wigal. Several of the above men never lived in the township. They were non-residents. SCHOOLS. The early schools were taught first in private dwellings. The early teachers wer6 residents who possessed some little education, enough to furnish rudimentary instruction in reading, writing and arithmetic, and to furnish correction with hickory gads. These old instruments of pun- ishment were always, present, and usually hung on wooden hooks over the old fire-place, so that they became so hardened by seasoning from the heat that they resisted the severest exercise of the teacher in an applica- tion on some offending pupil, and even cut the wooden benches as the teacher in his fervor pursued, round and round, the howling culprit. The big whip was indispensable. A " master " who could successfully teach a term of school without using a whip, or could get along perhaps without any such corrective, was a rare object, and when one was found he was looked upon with suspicion, so prevalent was the belief in the efficacy of the rod. The old settlers were firm believers in the oracle of Solomon, "spare the rod and spoil the child," and as they did not care to have their offspring spoiled, they usually employed an Irishman who possessed both the energy and temper to apply the rod to the unlimited satisfaction of parents anxious that their children " should be trained up in the way they should go." It is worthy of note that the earliest professional teach- ers throughout the West were Irishmen. They were about the only class that appeared to find satisfactory emoluments in continuous teaching. Coming themselves from an humble stock, and trained in the rough school of poverty, they seemed to enjoy the rude fare always obtained by "boarding around," and seemed contented with the meager amounts doled stingily out by parents of the backwoods. It is stated that the first school held in the township was near Eminence, in about the year 1835. A rude log cabin that had been occupied a short time by some early fam- ily and had then been vacated, was fitted up, and a school was taught by some stranger, probably an Irishman, who came along. A school was taught soon afterward in the northern part of the township, the Wheelers being the principal patrons. It is said that one of them was the teacher. This school was taught about the year 1836. Another was taught east of it within a year or two afterward. In 1840, there were four estab- lished schools, two in the northern part, one near the center, and one near Eminence, or near what afterward became Eminence. The real develop- ment of the school system of the township began with the passage of the common school law of 1852. Frame houses were built, and public funds provided better wages for teachers, and thus secured better instructors. Now there are eight or nine schools in the township, and the value of the school property is about $5,500. CHURCHES. It is likely that the Baptists at Eminence had the first permanent religious organization in the township. The class was established about the year 1837 or 1838, at the house of Thomas Shoemaker, or as others ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 145 state, at that of Joseph Donaldson. These men and their families were prominent members, and at the organization of the class were about the only ones. Joseph Applegate was an early member. Mr. Shoemaker donated a small tract of ground for a church and cemetery in 1841. This church became widely known, and was called Mount Eden. It had a large membership during the forties, and did great good throughout all that portion of the county. It is yet in a prosperous condition at Emi- nence. The Methodists organized a class west of Mill Creek about 1840, which met for worship at the house of William Brick. This is not now in Morgan County, but it was then. Among the members were the fam- ilies of John Clark, Logan Gray, A. J. Bowman, Josiah Graves, Thomas Champion, J. P. Goodwin, Norman Nunn and others. Rev. Isaac Craw- ford was the pastor of the class early in the forties. The class often met at the residence of John Clark. Another early class was the Lake Valley Methodist Church. It was organized in the forties, among the early members being the families of William Wilhite, Hezekiah Johnson, Cole- man Brown, James Pruitt, James McClellan. In 1852, the pastor was Rev. H. S. Talbot. This class is yet in existence. The Oak Grove Christian Church, in the northern part, was organized in the forties, some of the early members being A. M. Delaven, Richard Treat, Bright Pruitt, John Boyd and others. This class is in a flourishing condition at present. Other religious organizations have existed in the township. EMINENCE. This is a thriving village of about 350 people. It was laid out in July, 1855, on Section 33, Township 13 north. Range 2 west, by Will- iam Wigal, proprietor. Twenty lots were laid out at that time, to which no further addition was made until 1865, when Jacob Surber increased the town proper by a number of lots. The early owners of lots were Abe Hadden, J. S. Holmes, Daniel N. Holmes, Elison Sliger, E. W. Spencer, G. L. Wigal, T. A. Adkins, H. R. Flook, Miller Howell, Solomon Wat- son. In 1862, George Kirkham, J. M. Reed, Louisa Twiss, McDonald Walters, bought lots. Later came C. C. Buchanan, Frank Mathis, J. E. Patrick, Isom Ward, Matt Watson, A. C. Modell, J. F. Myrick, John F. Ray, J. C. Rhea, B. F. Card, J. W. Alexander, C. E. Nichols, Pre- cilla Bowman, Card & Brewer, Andrew Gum, W. H. Greenway, J. H. Hulse, John Hulse, J. G. Hamilton, John Hancock and many others after 1867. It is said that Joseph W. Ray was the first merchant in Eminence. Others have been McDonald Walters, Howard Hulse, Eli Watson, Emery Nichols, Hulse & Watson, Dossett & Hulse, Enoch Patrick, John Dur- mington, Hiram Staley, John Summers, Jacob Arnold and many others. About six years ago, the town was almost wholly destroyed by fire. The Pierce Brothers built a woolen factory there, several years after the town vras started. The enterprise started out well at carding, spinning and weaving, and numerous hands were required to conduct the divers pieces of machinery. After continuing a few years, the enterprise was abandoned. The principal feature of the town in early years, and indeed long before a town was thought of, was the grist mill owned and conducted by William Wigal. The building of the mill soon concentrated other interests there. 146 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. which demanded the laying out of a town. The growth, however, was very slow, and did not progress rapidly until after the war, even if it did then. The town has had numerous saw mills, wagon- makers, cabinet- makers and artisans, and mechanics of all other crafts almost. There is not a livelier town of its size in the county. This is accounted for by reason of the location of the village in the center of a rich tract of country, and its distance from railroad towns and the enterprise of the citizens. The present industries may be summed up as follows : General stores, Daniel N. Holmes, C. E. Nichols & Bro., Ray & "Watson, Nicholas & Ehea, Parker & Son, Rhea & Ryan ; drugs, J. K. Burges, Joel Parker and .Dr. Pottoff; undertakers, Slage & Rhea; millinery, H. Nicholas, Miller Sisters ; hotel, Gideon Brasier, Mrs. Gum ; saw mill, M. Miller ; grist mill, Summers & Tarleten ; saw mill, Twomey, Pottoff & Co. ; harness, Braisier & Hubbell, C. J. Aren & Son. There are three churches — Methodist, Baptist and Christian. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. lamb's bottom. ONE of the earliest settlements in Morgan County was in the smalh fertile and famous valley in the southern part of Jefferson Town- ship, known by the above name. Here it was that, according to some, the first permanent settlement in the county was made. It should be known that the counties down the river (Owen, Monroe, Greene, etc.) were settled from six to ten years before the county of Morgan. Before the latter had any permanent white settlers, its territory had been fre- quently invaded by prospectors who knew that ere many years, the Gov- ernment would secure the soil and open it to settlement, and by adventur- ous hunters and trappers who penetrated its natural fastnesses in quest of game and a livelihood. The country along the river, especially, was bus often inspected, but of course no permanent settlement could be made, or at least was made, until after the Indian treaty of St. Mary's, Ohio, at which time the fine tract of country called the New Pur- chase, of which the county of Morgan formed a part, was ceeded to the United States. Settlers in the lower and older counties had waited patiently for this event, and the ratification of the treaty was no sooner announced than the adventurous home seekers penetrated the New Pur- chase for permanent settlement. The survey of the land was ordered, undertaken and completed during the years 1819 and 1820, and on the 4th of September the first sale took place at Terre Haute. Early in the spring of 1819, the exact date not being known, but probably in the month of March or April, three men in one of the lower counties (Jeremiah Lamb, Joseph Munden and Humphrey Harris), loaded with provisions and implements, and armed with rifles and knives, journeyed up White River until the valley above mentioned was reached, when, after examining the country there thoroughly, they concluded to JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 147 make a permanent location, and began immediately to erect a rude log cabin in which to live' while they were clearing a few acres for a crop, and until better houses could be reared for the families that were to be brought out in the fall. The temporary cabin was hastily built, and the three men went resolutely to work to (Slear a few acres for a crop of corn and vegetables. They concluded to farm the first year in common, and after clearing about five acres, they planted the same with corn and gar- den "truck," and two of them went back whence they came and the third remained to carcfor the crop. The others returned and assisted. The three men "bached" during the summer, often joining their families for provisions and to care for property there. One or more of them was always present at the new home. During the summer, three substantial log cabins were built for the three families, and three small tracts were cleared and larger tracts deadened. In the fall, the families were brought out and domiciled in the cabins. For two or three years, this settlement became well known, and was universally known as "Lamb's Bottom," called thus for Mr. Lamb, the most prominent of the three settlers. The cabins of these men became great resorts for all the hunters, who came up the river during the years 1819 and 1820, and for numerous home seek- ers. Game was very abundant then, and the cabins were always sup- plied with wild turkeys, venison steak and quite probably sometimes with bear steak. In January, 1820 (or perhaps the following January, 1821), the fam- ily of Mr. Munden had been so closely housed for some time by excessive cold we3,ther that the supply of meat ran short, and one morning when the cold seemed somewhat modified and the approaching day seemed aus- picious, Mr. Munden took his rifle aud went out in quest of game. After three or four hours had elapsed, it suddenly clouded up, and the snow be- gan to fall heavily, and in a comparatively short time lay upon the ground twelve or fifteen inches deep. The snow then ceased to fall, the wind veered round to the northwest and it became intensely cold. To increase the horror of being out, the light snow was raised in clouds by the wind, and scarcely a foot could be seen in advance. The day wore away, but Mr. Munden did not return. His family became uneasy, but hoped for his appearance before night. Inky darkness settled over the earth, the storm continued with unabated fury, and still the hunter did not return. The night slowly passed, and at daybreak, as Mr. Munden did not appear, his family, with direful forebodings, hurried to the cabins of the neighbors and told them of the ominous condition of aiFairs. It was in- stantly resolved to go in search of the missing man. The cold was yet bitter, but the wind had died, and the snow lay in huge drifts. Five or six men, including several who had lately come to the neighborhood, ac- cordingly started out in groups of two. After many hours of tiresome walking, two of the men came upon human tracks nearly filled with snow. These were five or six miles from home, and were followed as rapidly as possible. They led in a rambling way toward the settlement, and finally struck the old Indian trace. Here it was found that the man had lain down in the snow to rest. The half concealed tracks were followed, and soon another resting place was found. This was repeated six or seven times, the resting places coming nearer and nearer together, until at last 148 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. the dead body of Mr. Munden wa8 found, frozen stiff, and half covered with snow. He was in a half-sitting posture with his gun in his hands, and when overtaken by death was no doubt attempting to raise himself to his feet with the assistance of his rifle, in another effort for his life. Intense was the sorrow of his family when the news became known. The corpse was taken home and buried. The family remained in the settle- ment a year or more and then left, and their subsequent movements are unknown. How long Mr. Lamb and Mr. Harris remained in the settle- ment cannot be learned, but it was not to exceed about three years. What became of them could not be learned. Their farms, which they did not own, were purchased by others, and the names of all except that of Mr. Lamb are well-nigh forgotten. CONTINUED SETTLEMENT. Among those who bought land early in the township were James K. Hamilton, John Burnett, Samuel Newell, Hiram Stroud, John Kennedy, Abraham Stroud. Jacob Cutler, John Conner, Fred Fry, Abraham Fry, William McDaniel, Samuel Ashton, Andrew Waymore, Thomas Clark. These men made their purchases prior to 1825, and all located their land in Lamb's Bottom. Later entries were made by Alexander McKinney, Fred- erick Buckhart, and still later by Solomon Watson, J. W. Powers, George Shultz, P. Duckworth, John Hynds, Levi Walters, William Stiles, William Riddle, Isaac Fletcher, Amos and Aaron Stout, William Bragg, George Malf, Andrew Scott, Craven P. Hester, Solomon Teag, James Newton, Emanuel Isenhower, George Elliott, John Burnett, Hiram McKinney, William Goodwin, John B. Gibson, Jacob Stierwalt, Christopher Shultz, J. M. Worthington, Samuel Fletcher, Henry French, John Taggart, Jo- seph Whitson, James Warren, Robert Burge, Nathan Dow, Joel Beam, John Fowler, John Smith, Thomas Lockhart, Reuben Robertson, Joseph Elder, Martha Townsend, Lawrence Fonts, Ingraham Collins, H. S. Cunningham, William Crone, W. H. Allison, Robert Miller, John Plas- ters, John O'Neil, John A. Worthen, David Lee, William Shearer, Will- iam Watson, Thomas Dixon, Gideon Lewis, Charles B. Butler, John Hudson, Fred Bronjon, David Snodgrass, T. Shipley, Allen Smith, Silas Bartholomew, Joseph Snodgrass, Gideon Farris, Henry Richardson, Gideon Reynold, J. W. Cox, Philip Engle, George Winters, John Nutter, R. D. Worthington, Jonathan Powers and Hiram Collins. POLL TAX PATERS OF 1842. Lewis Asher, William Bragg, James Browning, Robert Bragg, Mil- ton Burpoe, James Ball, Noah Ball, Robert Burge, Walter Best, Joel Beam, Daniel Bailiff, Wesley Ballinger, William Cox, J. W. Cox, Will- iam N. Cunningham, Pleasant Duckworth, Nathan Dow, Thomas Dixon, William Dixon, John Duckworth, Joel Elliott, C. W. Eaton, George Elliott, Thomas Fipps, Henry French, Robert Foster, Joseph Fry, Sam- uel Fletcher, Jelsse Griffith, D. C. Gladson, Lawson Grunt, David Grunt, Henderson Hutton, George Hensley, Thomas Hines, John Hynds, Thomas Hynds, Emanuel Isenhower, James Kirby, L. C. Kennedy, William Kirk, Amos Kirby, Gideon Lewis, Robert Miller, George Miller, James McKinney, Peter Miller, John Miller. Henry Miller, Marsh, JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 149 William Preston, John O'Neal, Jesse Overton, Robert Pattison, William Payton, Henry Richardson, Felix Rinehart, Edward Shipley, Jesse Stanton, Talbot Shipley, George Shultz, David Smith, Allen Skelton, Amos Stout, Jacob Stierwalt, William Stiles, John Stout, William Stout, John Taggart, William Teag, John Wallace, David Woods, William Widner, James Warman, Ira Worthen, John Woods, George Winter and Richard Weathers. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS. The first church organized in the township was the Mt. Gilead Bap- tist society, founded soon after 1840. The leading members in early years were Luke C. Kennedy, Harvey Sheppard, A. J. Duncan, Alex- ander Knox, W. C. Townsend and others. After a few years a church was built. The class is yet in existence. Late in the forties, the Chris- tian Church in Lamb's Bottom was organized, the leading members be- ing Thomas Wilson, James Farr, Alexander Wilson, Hezekiah Guy and Ephraim Hodges. The Mt. Olive Methodist class was organized later, as was also the Presbyterian. The meeting house at Crone's has been well attended at times. The township is well supplied with facilities for worship. THE SCHOOLS. The first schools were taught in Lamb's Bottom. Several had been started there before any other portion of the township was thus represent- ed. A log cabin about a mile and a half southwest of Hyndsdale was transformed into a temple of learning about the year 1834, and a session was taught therein by some man whose name is no longer remembered. Another school was started southwest of that point, near the township line, about the same time. It has been stated that school was taught in the twenties in the vicinity of Hyndsdale, but if so the facts could not be ascertained. During the forties, several schools were established in the central and northern parts of the township. In almost every case, log cabins, with huge fire-places, stick and clay chimneys, rude clapboard seats and desks, were the first schoolhouses. The books were extremely limited, and early teachers were obliged to resort to slates and blackboards of the rudest description in order that the scholars might have the re- quired advantages. Sometimes one book served a whole class, being passed along as it was needed. In 1850, there were six established schools. Now there are eight. HYNDSDALE. This little village was founded soon after the railroad was put in run- ning order. It has usually had a store of general merchandise, a post office and a blacksmith shop. Considerable timber is shipped during the season. The Stouts have been in business there. The village is conven- ient for the neighborhood. 150 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. ASHLAND TOWNSHIP. FORMATION AND BOUNDARY. THIS township, as it now is, was formed out of Ray Township soon after the close of the rebellion. Some portions are hilly, with a predominating clay soil, especially on the ridge; but, on the whole, the township is wfeU suited for agriculture. Enormous crops of all the cereals are grown annually on the lower lands, which are as rich and fertile as any in the Mississippi Valley. The township is made up of Sections 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, 20, 29 and 30 in Township 12 north. Range 1 west, and all of Township 12 north, Range 2 west, except Sections 19, 20, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, the last three being in Ray Township and the others in Owen County. THE EARLY SETTLEMENT. No doubt Joseph Rhodes was the first settler of the township. He located on the creek which bears his name in 1822. and built a rude log cabin. He had no personal property worth mentioning, but went reso- lutely to work to prepare a more comfortable home. George Nicholas appeared soon afterward, locating on the same section (16). John Man- non also bought land in 1822 on Section 17. Benjamin Dunkin came in 1825 and located on Section 17. Aaron Blunk established himself on Section 17 in 1824, and William Evans on Section 18 in 1825. Sol- omon Watson came to Section 18 in 1829, and R. R. Manning in 1832. K. S. Whitaker located on Section 22 in 1825, John Matlock in 1826, William Asher in 1824, Levi Whitaker in 1829, William Cotter in 1833, 1 William Brown 1834, and Elisha Brown in 1834. Jacob BuUen bought land on Section 23 in 1828, David Seachrist in 1830, Daniel Seachristin 1834, William Johns in 1834, Mathias Zink in 1834, and Felix Seachrist in 1836. George Knoy bought land on Section 24 in 1829, Henry Hed- rick in 1831, John Knoy in 1832, Lewis Tucker in 1834, and James Foster in 1838. George Shultz bought land on Section 26 in 1824, William Johnson the same year, Hiram Alexander in 1825, Levi Meafield in 1825, Jacob BuUen in 1826, and Jacob Seachrist in 1829. On Section 27, Elijah Bowen entered land in 1831, Benjamin Beels in 1834, John Snod- grass in 1835, Levi Whitaker in 1829, and Joel Skelton in 1839. On Section 25, Ephraim Goss bought land in 1825, David Myers in 1826, Street Cox in 1826, and J. S. Harlan in 1837. On Section 17, David W. Gray bought land in 1836. On Section 15, Isaac Skelton bought in 1836, E. B. Chenoweth, 1836, and John Brown in 1837. On Section 14, Eli Myers in 1837. On Section 13, Adam Lingle, Sr., in 1829, H. Knox 1833, Lewis Tucker, 1834, Eli Pomeroy, 1836, John Wingler, 1836, James Foster, 1838, and John Fonts, 1839. On Section 12, George Moore, 1835, B. G. Edwards, 1835, Daniel Shultz, 1835, Jeremiah Sturgeon, , Henry Whitaker, 1836, and William Ball, 1839. On Section 11, S. D. ASHLAND TOWNSHIP. 151 Spain, 1836, Napoleon B. Chambers, 1839, and David Lipps, 1839. On Section 9, William Elmore, 1836, William Cotter^ 1837, and A. J. Proctor, 1839. On Section 8, William Baldwin, 1835, and W. R. Mannon, 1837. On Section 7, Isaac Wamsley, 1839. On Section 6, Abe Fletcher, 1837, J. W. Gladson, 1838, James Ogle, 1838, Richard Bittle, 1839, and Isaac Bolden, 1839. On, Section 5, William Asher, 1832, Simeon Watson, 1833, Andrew Ogle, 1835, George Pattorff, 1837, and Solomon Watson, 1839. On Section 4, G. W. Shake, 1836, Henry Littimore, 1838, and K. S. Risinger, 1839. On Section 3, Benjamin Edwards, 1837. On Section 2, William Brasier, 1834, Jesse Shoemaker, 1835, John Cart- right, 1836, Isaac Carter, 1837, S. D. Spain, 1837, and George Blunk, 1839. On Section 1, M. M. Taylor, 1835, Tobias Moser, 1835, Jacob Moser, 1836, J. L. Ashbough, 1836, and Alexander Moser, 1838. Dur- ing the thirties the following men bought land on the six sections in the eastern part: John Knoy, Jesse Thacker, Edward Powers, J. T. Mur- phey, William Murphey, A. C. Murphey, Alfred Powers, W. H. Bryant, Peter Shuler, Daniel BaylifF, William Greenlee, Henry Ratts, George Bobs, Hezekiah Butler, Henry Hedrick, David Hedrick, Jacob Johns, Henry Lee, Elijah Rogers, John Litterman, Dempsey Trowbridge and Noah Gallimore. PARTIAL LIST OF POLL TAX PAYERS. , In 1842, the following men among others were assessed poll tax in what is now Ashland Township, then a part of Ray Township: James Craycroft, Isaac Carter, Lewis Caston, Isaac Caston, Jesse Coffey, W. K. Mannon, William Massey, George Elliott, David Hedrick, Henry Hed- rick, Joshua Kenoy, George McKinley, Ephraim Ratts, Elijah Rogers, John Shuler, Joel Skehon, John Carpenter, Wiat Carpenter, Philip Foxworthy, Benjamin Gray, Adam Lingle, Jeremiah Moser, David Myers, Eli Pomeroy, Kinner Risinger, Stephen Spain, Jacob Seachrist, Jesse Shoemaker,! Daniel Seachrist, Felix Seachrist, David Seachrist, John Skelton, Lewis Tucker, Daniel Thompson, Simon Watson, John Whitaker, K. Whi taker, John Wingler and others whose names cannot be given. PIONEER INCIDENTS. The first thing to be done was to erect a log cabin in which to live, and usually these huts were of the rudest description. They were often built of small logs or poles, and often the head of a tall man would sweep the studding above. Short men and women were fortunate. Their heads escaped the bumps not located by phrenologists ; and then again, which was perhaps a more important consideration in view of the alarming scarcity of victuals, short people did not have so much bony surface over which to spread their fleshiness. Tall men and women in the woods were always so thin that dogs would follow them, thinking no doubt that they were bones. After the house was up, the men (and women, too) worked day and night to prepare a "truck patch." Potatoes, garden " sass," corn and a few acres of wheat were the first considerations of an agricult- ural character. The men would cut down the trees, cut and roll . the logs, and the women would burn the brush. Ten o'clock at night often found them thus engaged. Deer were everywhere, and venison was in 162 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. almost every house. Some were not followers of Nimrod and did not try to hunt, but they could easily get venison of those who did. Rattle- snakes were as thick as pioneer children. A large den of them was dis- covered in an opening on Stone Ridge in 1824. The repulsive reptiles were forced out and killed by hundreds during the period of several years. On Section 16 was an Indian burying ground. It consisted of a mound of earth, and when opened in 1837, by John Brown and Isaac Skelton (two of the bravest men that could be found), six Indian skeletons were disclosed, each reposing in a stone coflSn, made by placing flat stones up endwise, and then others over the top. The skeletons were left undis- turbed, and the mound was rebuilt. The old settlers did not care to be haunted like Ma'cbeth by the spirit of some ferocious and revengeful old warrior. MANUFACTURES. The first mill in the township was a small corn-cracker, erected on the west bank of Rhodes' Creek, by Benjamin Gray, in 1836. It was operated by water-power, and owing to the lack of that propelling ele- ment, could run only about three months of the year, during the spring months. When a heavy shower came up during any other month, the owner would drop all other business, and operate the mill to its fullest capacity as long as there was sufficient water to conduct it. It did not run many years. After a few years, horse mills were adopted in other portions of the township, by Solomon Knoy, George Pottorff (who had served in the war of 1812), Jacob Bullen and others. Many steam saw mills have been conducted from time to time in later years in different por- tions of the township. SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLHOUSBS. If any term of school was taught in the township prior to 1830, such fact is not now known. In that year the first school edifice of the town- ship was built by Solomon Watson, John Reeves, Daniel Stevens, Will- iam Mannon, Sr., and John Brown, on the line between Sections 16 and 17. Hickory and ash poles were used in the construction. The roof was of rough, hewed planks, held in their place by heavy poles fastened on with wooden pins. The fire-place could take in a huge log six or eight feet in length, and was built of limestone, and sent its roaring flames and smoke up a tall stick-and-mud chimney. Slab seats were fashionable, but not soft. The first pedagogue was Stephen F. Hancock. He handled his hickory gad like a sword-player. But his system was to educate as well as to stimulate. The latter exceeded the former, not because there was an abundance of gads, but because there was not an abundance of books or even of scholars. The school, despite these drawbacks, was re- garded as a surprising success. In the following three or four years, other schools of a similar character were established in the southern part of the township, in the eastern part, in the northeastern part and in the northwestern part. Districts were divided and subdivided as time passed and as the center of settlement in neighborhoods shifted. The first houses were logs, but after the school law of 1852, which provided a fund by tax upon property, frame houses took their place. Several brick ASHLAND TOWNSHIP, 153 houses have been built of late years. Now there are seven or eight estab- lished schools. Ashland is above the average in matters of education. EARLY CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS. The Samaria Baptist Church was organized in 1830, the first mem- bers being Street Cox, John Brown and their families only. The first meetings were held in the houses of these old settlers, but later in school- houses, and still later in their church. The Trustees in 1835 were Levi Whitaker, William Mannon, Grafton B. Whitaker and Elijah Baum. About this time, David Gibbon donated about an acre of land for a church, which was soon erected. The old Liberty Church was built in 1838, on Section 16, by David Gray, Sr., S. W. Young, Ephraim Goss, Daniel Y. Smith, John Brown and others. The carpenters were Fred Caveness and Henry York. This was the first frame build- ing in the township. So rapid did this congregation grow that in 1847 the membership numbered over 200. It was the leading church of all that vicinity for years, and is yet in existence, though greatly changed. Many of the leading Christian families of the township have worshiped in this building. Temporary church organiza- tions were established in several portions of the township during the thirties, forties and fifties, and indeed up to the present. Schoolhouses were the churches. Much good was accomplished by these small classes, which gave localities without other churches a place to attend and wor- ship. The Salem Lutheran Church was organized in the thirties, among the leading families being those of David Seachrist, Adam Lingle, Amos Myers, Jacob Seachrist, Felix Seachrist, Enoch Myers, George Lech- enbill and John Wingler. This church was large and prosperous for many years. At present there are five church organizations in the town- ship, which can be said to the credit of the citizens. ALASKA. This is a small village near the Owen County line, started up many years ago. It was first known as Sheasville, and has usually contained about a dozen families. A store and post office have been there the most of the time, also a blacksmith shop, wagon shop, cooper shop and milliner shop. Several prominent physicians reside there. A church and a res- ident pastor adds dignity and piety to the unpretentious little village. The name Lewisville was applied a number of years ago to a small collec- tion of houses half a mile east of Alaska. The latter town is not aa frigid as its name would seem to imply. 154 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. GREGG TOWNSHIP. THE FIEST WHITE MEN. THIS fine tract of country was not settled as soon as those portions along the river. The real influx of pioneers occurred in the thir- ties, but about six or seven families appeared for permanent residence late in the twenties. The first families were those of Solomon Dunegan, Allen R. Seaton, Charles D. Seaton, Philip A. Foxworthy, Daniel Smith, John Williams and others. Solomon Dunegan was perhaps the first per- manent settler in the township. He was a Baptist minister, and came from South Carolina in 1826, and purchased a tract of land since known as the Thomas Wilhite farm. He became a very infiuential man in the township, -was strictly moral and did a great deal for the early churches in his vicinity. Philip Foxworthy came to the township in 1827 or 1828, and entered eighty acres of land upon which he erected ahewed-logcabin. This was on the Jefi" Wooden farm. He had a rough time clearing his first land, worked day and night, and was assisted by his wife, who burned brush. His nearest neighbors were Solomon Dunegan, the Ship- leys and Joseph Moser. In 1829, he had a few hogs of which he thought a great deal. They had cost him hard labor, and he was careful to have them properly marked with " an under half crop in the right ear and a swallow fork in the left." They ran wild in the woods, requiring no feeding other than the rich and abundant mast of nuts, twigs, herbs, etc., which covered the forest ground at all seasons of the year, especially during the fall. So abundant was this mast that hogs feeding exclusively on it often attained a weight of 200 pounds. But they generally were poorer, and when designed for the market or for home consumption were usually fed corn in addition to the mast. Every few weeks they were carefully looked up, especially if they had been missing for a few days. The owners usually fed them a little corn in the morning for the purpose of keeping them at home or in the neighborhood of home. Sometimes the owner did not care to take the trouble either to feed them or watch them. They then wandered off into the depths of the unsettled woods in quest of food, and quite often were lost. Some of them became utterly wild, especially young animals, littered out in the woods, far froim any house. They would run like wolves through the brush at the sound of a human voice or the sight of a human being, and it was often necessary to shoot them like any other wild animal in order to get them. When they were looked up to be marked or killed late in the fall, they were often so savage that they were managed with great difficulty and danger. They were usually enticed into some pen, which was then hastily closed, but the process of enticing them was often unaccompanied with favorable re- sults only after the lapse of weeks of gradual advances. The males were extremely savage, with tushes sometimes six inches in length, and when pushed too closely would turn with tigerish ferocity upon man or dog. GREGG TOWNSHIP. 155 Then there would be a scattering. All of the prominent early settlers who owned hogs had their individual ear-marks. Solomon Dunegan's mark was " a swallow fork in the left ear, and a slit in the right." His number was 133, showing that 132 had established before him. Mr. Foxworthy, in 1829, had a fine drove of sus scrofa. One night they were attacked by one or more bears where Hall now is, and one or more of them was killed and partly consumed. A bear did not stop long to inquire the name of the owner before falling upon wandering swine and making a merry meal of them. It is even doubted whether they cared . seriously who the owner was. '^hey probably thought that " possession was nine points in law," and accordingly took possession without further ceremony. They would rush upon a drove of hogs, seize one by the back of the neck, and begin to tear with teeth and claws regardless of the piercing death cries of the struggling victim. In a few minutes the hog would be torn to pieces, and would then furnish a sweet repast for bruin. Mr. Dunegan had hogs killed by bears, as did many others of the earliest settlers. Among the early residents was John Williams, who came to the town- ship in 1830. The first winter, his own and two other families lived in a log cabin 18x18 feet, and, as is humorously stated by an old settler, "had room to spare for another family." The men worked constantly in the woods. Mr. Seaton came in 1832; his cabin was built of round logs, had a clapboard roof, stick and clay chimney, huge fire-place, dirt hearth and a loft communicated with by a pole stairway. Here was where the children slept. His first stable was built of rails, and his oxen were as proud as could be expected. They were not " stuck up " and aristocratic as cattle are nowadays. They chewed the cud of contentment (that was often all the cud they had), and were honest in all their dealings with their master. The settlers of Gregg (it was Adams Township then) obtained their mail at Mooresville. They paid 25 cents for a letter, and the envelope and letter were one and the same piece of paper. Letters were appreciated in those days, and people when they wrote letters did not cut their friends ofi" with "a half dozen lines. They wrote half a dozen pages, and then carefully folded them with a blank page on the outside, upon which the superscription was written. Philip Foxworthy claims to have planted the first orchard in the township. The apples were seed- lings, that is, they grew from the seed and not from grafts. Daniel Smith settled in the township in 1833. During the following winter he cut down seven acres of timber and burned the brush. Early in the spring he spent four consecutive weeks in rolling logs for his neighbors, and in turn had his logs all nicely rolled. While he was away helping his neighbors for five or six miles around, his wife finished burning brush at home, and when he returned of nights he would work until 10 or 11 o'clock at night "mending up" the fires which she had started. He would also split rails, during the time, to inclose his first little field. Hundreds of such incidents might be narrated. LATER SETTLEMENT. Among the residents of the township in the thirties were the follow- ing men: Joshua Wilhite, John Jones, Joseph Rhodes, Eli Staley, Golds- 156 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. by Blunk, William Hinkle, Nathan Ludlow, Jacob and Isaac Crum, William Pruitt, John R. Robards, R. S. Frederick, W. W. Philips, Anderson Williams, V. W. H. H. King, Joseph Nicholson, Washington Knight, Frederick Brewer, C. Marvin, Harlan Stout, David Shields, Simon Moon, Abijah Bray, Samuel Hackett, John Moots, William Har- vey, S. D. Dooley, Ezekiel Dooley, William Brewer, Archibald Boyd, James W. Ford, Hiram W. Williams, Noah Wilhite, Frank Garrison, Jeremiah Sturgeon, S. C. Yager, Maddox, Harper, Craven, Bartholo- mew, Russell Wilhite, John Caveness, Joel Kivett, Walker Caveness, Iram Hinshaw, James Cummings, Fred Gaveness, Benoni Pearce, Zacha- riah Ford, Jackson Jordan, Ed Shipley, Wilson Moore, Joseph Moore, * Aaron Kivett, Tamech Wilhite, Henry Wood, George Brown, John Mur- phey, Enoch Myers, Tobias Moser, N. B. Brown, John Brown, Andrew Knoy and many others. A few of this list never resided in the township. They owned the land which was afterward conveyed to other parties. POLL TAX LIST OF 1842. Elijah Allison, Joseph Applegate, John Brown, Coleman Brown, Rice Brown, William Brown, George Brown, Wiles Bradley, Lawrence Bradley, Lancaster Bell, John Baldwin, Frederick Brewer, J. C. Brewer, Francis Cummings, Thomas Callahan, James Cummings, William Dune- gan, Silas D. Dooley, Thomas Edwards, James Fitzgerald, Tobias Fer- guson, William Greenlee, Jonathan Hadley, Jeremiah Hadley, Uriah Hadley, Samuel Harper, William Hinshaw, William Halloway, Jackson Jordan, Joel Kivett, John Long, Clase Marvin. John T. McPherson, Bryson Martin, Daniel McDaniel, William Maddox, John Motto, Hugh Nichols, John Nichols, Thomas S. Philips, Milton Philips, Michael Pruitt, J. H. Philips, James Philips,' G. W. Shake, Allen Seaton, Daniel Smith, Harlan Stout, John Sootten, W. M. Wellman, John Whitaker, Hiram Williams, John Williams, Joshua Wilhite, John Wilson, Aaron Wilhite, Oran Williams, Samuel Wilhite and Russell Wilhite. VILLAGES. The township of Gregg has three spots that are called villages. Wilbur and Herbemont are of a late origin, and consist of one or two stores, a blacksmith or two, a carpenter, a saw mill, a post oflSce, and from a half dozen to fifteen families. The only, village of note is Hall. The first residences there were built long before the town was thought of. Philip Foxworthy and Michael Pruitt both erected dwellings there soon after 1830. The town really started about the year 1861 or 1852. A man named Breedlove erected a storehouse, and he and a Mr. Porter, under the partnership name of Porter & Breedlove, placed therein about $1,500 worth of a general assortment of goods. The store soon at- tracted a few families, and soon a blacksmith, a carpenter and other tradesmen appeared. " Mr. Brewer bad some interest in the store of Por- ter & Breedlove. John Whitaker opened a store soon afterward. Jacob Stogsdill was connected with him. John Williams and Benjamin Young began selling goods some time afterward. After them, from time to time, in about the order here given, the following merchants were present in the village : Brewer & Mattox, Joshua Wilhite, Col. Hendricks, A. J. McCoy, GKEGa TOWNSHIP. 157 Sparks & Hendricks, John B. Johnson, Milton Johnson, Frank Philips, Philips & Co., Philips & Brown, and Henry Brown at present. Rader & Wilhite erected a saw mill at Hall in about the year 1869, which is yet in successful operation. The grist mill was built in 1875 by Long & Wilhite at a cost of about $3,500. It is yet running, and is doing a fair business. Mechanics and artisans have • held forth from time to time. The village and vicinity has a brass band which took the second premium at the county seat on the 4th of July, 1883. The villagers are frequently regaled with strains of sweet music. Perhaps, too, the birds of the air, the beasts of the field, and even the trees and shrubs gather around to listen to the divine melody as they did in mythologic time to the music from the harp of Orpheus. Hall was not laid out until the autumn of 1861, at which time John P. Rader, Noah Wilhite, Michael Pruitt and Jefferson H. Woodsmall employed a surveyor and laid out ten blocks, several of them being large and the others small. The village is on Sec- tion 21, Township 13 north, Range 1 west, and has had a population as high as 200. EDUCATION. The first school in the township was taught near Hall, but when- it was or what the teacher's name was cannot be stated. It was not far from the year 1884. The children of Solomon Dunegan, Philip Fox- worthy, Joseph Moser, John Williams, Daniel Smith, Allen Seaton and others attended the school. After a few years, probably about 1838, a log schoolhouse was erected in the northern part of the township, which, for many years, was the principal seat of learning. Schools were started in the eastern and southern portions about 1840, or very soon thereafter. In 1840, if reports are reliable, there were only three established schools in the township, and one of them was not in a house that had been built expressly for school purposes. A dwelling which had been vacated was transformed into a temple of learning. During the forties, several new houses were erected, and by 1850 there were five or six good schools. Now there are seven schoolhouses. RELIGION. The Mount Pleasalit Christian Church at Hall was organized in the thirties, and about the year 1841 the first church was erected. Among the early members were the families of Richard L. Frederick, Joshua Wilhite, Bryson Martin, Noah Wilhite, John Williams and others. The class is yet in existence, and has its second building. A Methodist class was organized in the schoolhouse near Hall late in the thirties, the lead- ing members being Michael Pruitt, Tamech Wilhite, Thomas Callahan, Hiram Williams, J. S. Phelps, Daniel McDaniel and Thomas Edwards. Their church was built in the forties, on land that had been donated by Michael Pruitt. The Harmony Methodist Church was organized late in the forties, or early in the fifties, and meetings were held at schoolhouses and at the residences of the members. Rev. Dane is said to have organ- ized the class. Among the members were Terrell Hinson, Moses Dooley, Jesse Griffith, Simon Carsley, Abraham Long, Stephen L. Dane, John Faulkner, James Mason, George Kirkham and Marshall E. Dane. The church was built at Wilbur late in the fifties. Several other church or- ganizations have flourished in the township. 158 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. MADISON TOWNSHIP. THE FIRST PIONEER. IT is certain that Abner Cox was the first permanent settler in Madison Township. Other families had lived there before his appearance, as, vhen he came, he found rude cabins, or rather bark wigwams, where white people had temporarily resided. It is well known that the van- guard of civilization was a rude class of hardy white people, who seemed capable of leading a comfortable, at least a satisfactory life, remote from settled communities. At the first appearance of permanent settlers, the country became too densely populated for these hunters and their families, whereupon they took up their march twenty or thirty miles out into the trackless forest, where their only companions were the Indians and a multitude of wild animals. They were the ones who made game scarce at the time of the permanent settlement. Bears had almost wholly dis- appeared, driven away by the inroads of these experienced hunters. Deer were still numer6us, but not that superabundance found by the squatters, as the temperary residents were called, from the fact of their not owning the land upon which they resided. There was scarcely a township that did not have these earlier residents. In 1821, Abner Cox, with his large family, came to the township, as has been stated, for per- manent residence. He entered considerable land in the northern part, and built a log cabin about eighteen feet square, without floor of any kind except earth, without door or window except the apertures over which were hung blankets, and without roof except a leaky one of rude clap- boards hastily hewed out with a broadax from some soft wood. A huge chimney made of sticks, stones and clay completed this typical pioneer dwelling. It is stated that when the Beelers or other families came to that neighborhood soon afterward, they were all accommodated at this cabin — to the number of about twenty. The beds were given to the "women and children, and the men deposited themselves on the floor. It is humorously told that the floor was so thick with them that when morn- ing came, the one nearest the door was obliged to roll out of doors in order to give the others a chance to move. After about a dozen had rolled out, there was then room enough to breathe. How would you like this, dear reader ? OTHER EARLY SETTLERS. Thomas, George H. and Joseph Beeler came and entered land in 1821. The former afterward became the first Clerk and Recorder of the county. They located in the Cox neighborhood. Joseph Henshaw lo- cated in the northeast corner in 1821. The Landers family came in 1822 and erected cabins near Mr. Cox. James Curl, John Sells, Thomas Dee, Joseph Frazier, William McDowell, James Basket, Jesse McCoy, David Price, Joseph Sims, John Hamilton, John Barns and others came MADISON TOWNSHIP. 159 in 1821 or 1822. These men, except a few who did not reside in the township, located in the northern half, and by 1823 the C9X settlement was populous and prosperous. Other early settlers were Robert Furnace, Frederick Beeler, Edward R. Watson, Aaron Mendenhall, John and Thomas McNabb, Solomon and Francis Edmundson, Stephen McPher- son, Solomon Steel, Levi Carpenter, John Spray, Daniel Vort, John and Enoch Sumners, Daniel Stephens, Charles Hicklin, Michael and John Carpenter, John Moffett, Levi Plummer, Charles Kitchen, Allen Field and many others. The poll tax payers in 1842 were William Allen, Hugh Boyd, M. P. Bradley, Reuben Burcham, W. A. Blair, John Beasley, Martin Burris, William Blackwell, Philip Ballard, Isaac Clark, Philip Chubb, Abner Coble, M. W. Carpenter, J. M. Carpenter, Jacob Coble, Fielding Carpenter, Levi Carpenter, Larkin Cox, Levi Cassady, Isaac Canady, John Canady, William Dorman, James B. Duree, Jesse Evans, Evan Evans, A. R. Fowler, Jeremiah Garret, Giles Garret, John Garret, Michael Goodposture, Daniel Gregory, John Hasty, Allen Hicklin, Henry Hoffman, Murdock Hasty, Ro bert H enderson, John House, Thomas Hicklin, Nelson Howe, Abner Jessup, Henry Knox, William Knox, Samuel Knox, Nelson King, George Kitchen, Moses Lear, John R. Leathers, Thomas Leathers, Madison Leathers, Abner Lowe, Jamea Leathers, Langford Leathers, James Landers, William Landers,. Mathias Lambert, Martin Long, John Morgan, T. H. Moreland. John Mendenhall, Isaac Mendenhall, John McNabb, Thomas McNabb, Thomas Mills, Wil- lis Martin, James Morton, James Morgan, William Myers, William Mor- gan, Jr., H'enry McNabb, Andrew J. McNabb, Andrew McNabb, Aaron Mendenhall, William Parker, George Perkypile, David Perkypile, Abner Ross, John Roe, James Reynolds, Richard Rivers, Gabriel Stone, John Stone, John Scott, Henry and John V. Swearingen, John Simpson, Rob- ert Sanders, James Sanders, Qeorge Sanders, G. W. Swearingen, James Stokesbury, R. T. Steel, Martillus Summers, Daniel Vert, Joseph Thompson, Thomas Tinsley, Blufert Tinsley, Jesse Thompson, William Woodward, Thomas Woodward, William West, Richard Wilkins and Goram Worth. IN/CIDENTS AND PIONEER CUSTOMS. It is interesting to draw contrasts between the old times and the pres- ent. The farmer was not as well equipped with agricultural implements as now. Corn was planted and almost wholly cultivate^ with the hoe. A man who could raise eight or ten acres of corn had a large field. If he had three or four boys and as many women, he could manage to cultivate successfully about that number of acres. Even the hoes were not as bright and hard as now. Often they were wooden. The birds and squirrels were so numerous and voracious that the farmer had to guard his corn crop constantly. Wheat was sown broadcast and very often har- rowed in by hand or by brushes pullied around by horses or oxen. All reaping was done with the historic old sickle. Think of it ! Less than fifty years ago the old sickle that had been in use from time immemorial, had been used in Egypt before the pyramids were built, had been used in the fields of Boaz long before the Christian era, in fact had been in use at such a remote period in the history of the world, long before authentic history began-, that the myths and fables of barbarous man reveal its 160 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. existence. For thousands of years it had been the only reaper. Labor had lost dignity, if it ever possessed any, in olden times in the minds of man, and invention was not permitted to interfere with implements whose use was sanctioned by the Deity. Personal liberty, with wealth and in- dependence in view, was limited to the domain of a serfdom constantly guarded by the blind and unscrupulous opulent. None but serfs were farmers. Children were compelled to conform to caste and follow the occupation of their fathers. Personal fitness was undreamed of. For the poor to be ambitious, aspiring and intelligent was a disobedience of the organic law and a sacrilege beyond the power of repentance. No wonder that agriculture made no advance, and that the sickle of barbarous man was unimproved by intelligence. It is less than fifty years ago that the old cradle came into general use. Farmers considered it a model of use- fulness and a Godsend. It is a remarkable fact that as soon as the nobility of labor was generally conceded — only fifty or sixty years ago, and in the United States — the direction of invention was changed to that channel, and the stimulation to rapid and extensive agriculture revived every other pursuit, and led to thousands of contrivances to quickly save the crop and safely transport it to the consumer. The application of steam to a movable engine was due to the demand for quick transporta- tion of farm products. Hence came that wonder, the railroad. As soon as labor became no longer ignoble, the rapidity of the invention of farm machinery became marvelous. Now the farmer can sit as independent as a king (he is the only one truly independent when he has a good farm, good habits and is out of debt), and almost see his crops sowq and har- vested by machinery before his eyes. The farmer boy who has a good farm is foolish to leave it and rush oflF to the city to contract vices that will kill him and possibly damn kim. " Stick to the farm and it will stick to you." WILD ANIMALS. There was, scarcely a family that did not habitually have venison. The poorest hunter could occasionally kill a deer, but the old hunters,''those who did little else but hunt, were in the habit of furnishing such families with deer meat. The Beelers were quite prominent in their locality. The girls were as fearless as the boys. It is said that two of them on one occasion saw a bear in the woods, and while one remained to watch the animal the other hurried to the men, who were in the woods near by, to apprise them of the discovery and hurry them out to kill Mr. Bruin. What the outcome was cannot be stated. One day, a transient man named Capp, in the western part of the township, was chopping in the woods when he discovered a bear near him. He instantly gave the alarm, and dogs were put upon the trail. The bear made lively tracks, running through the bushes and tumbling over rail fences that were in the way. The dogs soon came up with it, and in a few minutes several men also, one of whom fired and wounded the animal. On it went, pursued by dogs and men, and soon another shot wounded it again. One of the men was 80 excited that when he fired he missed the bear and wounded one of the dogs. The third shot killed the bear, which was divided out in the neighborhood for consumption. MADISON TOWNSHIP. 161 SCHOOLS. The first school in the township was taught in 1823. either in the dwelling of Abner Cox or in a vacant log dwelling standing near. The first teacher was one of the Beeler girls ; she had a school of eight or ten scholars. The second school was taught in the northeastern part of the township about 1824, and another soon afterward in the northwestern corner. The first schoolhouse was built in the Cox neighborhood in about 1827. The first teacher in this house is no longer remembered. The second schoolhouse was built south of the gravel road in the western part not far from 1830, and about the same time one or two more were erected in the township. The first old house, above mentioned, had greased paper for windows, and a big fire-place of course. The lumber for the desks and seats was obtained at Moon's saw mill in Brown. In 1840, there were five schools in the township. In 1843, the school law came into effect, by which public money was raised by taxation to be used in the maintenance of schools. All schools before that, or nearly all, had been supported by subscription. In 1852, the foundation of our present school system was laid, since which Madison Township has had good schools. CHDECHES. No other portion of the county, unless it is Brown Township, has bet- ter facilities for religious worship than Madison Township. It has six or seven church organizations and five buildings. As early as 1830, the Baptists had an organization in the northern part, the leading members being William Landers, Andrew McNash, Grimes Dryden, John Dun- ham, John Burnam, S. B. Parker, Joshua Cox, Jefiierson Jones, John Bray, William Pope and others. This church was built in the thirties. The Mt. Gilead Christian Church was organized about the same time, among the members being Eijoch Summers, David McCarty, Samuel B. Duree, and some of the McNabbs. The ground for the church, which was built late in the thirties, was donated by Thomas McNabb. The Siloam Methodist Church was organized in the thirties, among the early members being Joel Jessup, Reuben Burcham, Samuel Pfoff, Hugh Boyd, Charles Allen, John Inman, John Bingham, J. M. Jackson and Aaron Thurman. This church was built early in the forties. Later members were James Stokesbury, Abner Jessup, Jesse Baker, William Allen, and T. G. Beharrell, pastor. The Centenary Methodist Church was of a later date, as was the Mt. Olive Methodist Church. 162 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. GREEN TOWNSHIP. THE FIRST SETTLEMENT. THE second settlement of the county was in Green Township. In the spring of 1819, James Stotts, William Offield, Hiram T. Craig, Daniel Higgins, Nimrod Stone and two others came from Lawrence County, and located farms on a small stream which was named in honor of James Stotts. As soon as the farms were staked out, all of the settlers except Mr. Stotts started back to Lawrence County to bring out loads of seed- corn and wheat, vegetables, provisions, household implements, and to drive out hogs, sheep and cattle. Of these seven first settlers of Green Township, Craig and Stotts were the only two single men of the party. The following is quoted from Mr. Craig's reminiscences of the trip back : High water prevented our return as soon as we anticipated, but we finally concluded to try the plan of loading our baggage on a two-horse wagon, considering it easier on our horses than to load them with such heavy packs, as much of our route lay through a dense wilderness, it being the same old trace we had first traveled, and the road had to be cut so as to admit the passage of a wagon, which made our progress very slow, so that the noon of the second day found us still on Little Salt Creek. Here, in attempting to cross an insignificant little stream, our wagon stuck fast in the mud. Our only chance was to unload the wagon, pry it up and make our team haul it out. In doing so, we had to make a short turn and unfortunately broke an axletree. Here was a fix, twenty miles at least from any shop where repairing could be done. The only alternative was to make a new axletree from the green timber of the forest. All hands went to work on the part assigned them. Mine was to prepare some dinner. I will give the bill of fare. I took my gun, and in less than an hour, perhaps, had killed nine fat gray squirrels. I dressed them as nicely as any lady could desire, and put them to boil with a suflBcient slice of fat pork and some salt to give them the proper sea- soning. While hunting for the squirrels, I had discovered near the creek a bountiful crop of wild onions growing ten or twelve inches high, and very tender. These I picked and cleaned, cut them up and put them in the pot when the squirrels were done, and succeeded in making a first-class pot of soup. This was the dinner, and it was a good one. By the usual time of starting next morning, our repairing was completed after a fash- ion, and we proceeded on our way. But our newly made axletree caused our wagon to run so heavily that we had to divide the load. A sack con- taining three bushels of corn seed was committed to my charge and about the same amount of corn-meal to Mr. Offield, and we were told to push on and not wait for the wagon. We were on horseback, and upon reach- ing Big Salt Creek we found a settlement and were told to take the road for Bloomington. Nothing of note occurred until we reached Big Indian Creek, where we found that White River and its tributaries were on a GREEN TOWNSHIP. 163 bender. OflBeld could not swim, but finally after a long time I succeeded in carrying our loads across the stream on my back, crossing on logs and a heap of driftwood that had formed across the creek. We took dinner on Mr. Cunningham's land northeast of Martinsville, and in the evening reached the settlement on Stott's Creek, where we found everything in good shape. This extract is quoted from Mr. Craig's writings to illustrate the com- mon experience of the early settlers in coming to the new country, and in going from place to place after they had become established in their new homes. After Mr. Craig had been out a short time, Mr. Ladd, of Port Royal, was charged with the murder of a stranger whose corpse was found half eaten by wolves and buzzards on White River near the bluffs. The prosecution was favored by Mr. Stotts, Mr. Craig and several others who were prosecuting witnesses ; but Mr. Ladd was acquitted, and so slight was the evidence and so bitter had been the prosecution that Mr. Ladd commenced action, either for libel or false imprisonment, and seemed so likely to succeed that Mr. Craig returned hurriedly to Kentucky, his former home, and Mr. Stotts and others effected a compromise with the injured man, and thus the matter was forever dropped. The stranger had no doubt been killed by an Indian. CONTINUED SETTLEMENT. Immediately after this first settlement on Stotts Creek, others began to appear and locate in the neighborhood and farther up on the same stream and its branches. Early settlers in those times always sought the streams, which were the great commercial highways as well as the sources of water, water-power and fresh springs. Among the earliest settlers were James Stotts, Robert Stotts, Andrew Stotts, H. T. Craig, William OflBeld, two or three families of Laughlins, Zachariah Davee, James Ennis (who had several large sons), Thomas Stockton, Samuel Speaks and his sons Thomas and James, William Perry, Andrew Stevens, John Pierce (the cooper), John Pierce (the blacksmith), Elisha Hamden, Thomas Irons, Jonathan Williams, James Shields, Abe Hammons, Jacob Hammons, Jacob Case, John Dyer, John Marker, Edward Jones, Peter King, Aaron Holdman, and a little latter H. W. Brazeale, Henry Harper, Benjamin Bryan, Washington Duke, James and Bartholomew Carroll, Daniel Drake, Erastus Robinson, H. M. Collins, J. B. Maxwell, H. W. Williams, J. S. Wilson, William Lane, Nathan Laughlin, Philip Collins, B. Rob- bins, James Williams, Gideon C. Drake, J. M. Frazer, Mahlon Snyder, Joseph Sanders, Jacob L. Bromwell, H. B. Greenwood, William Duke, John and Anthony Brunnemer, Jacob Grosclose and many others. THE POLL TAX PATERS OF 1842. The following is the list in full : Benjamin Bryant, Anthony Brunne- mer, Tilford Bailey, Amos Bailey, Allison Bailey, Joseph Bailey, Hiram Brock, S. W. Bream, Richard Bream, B. F. Badgley, Clark Badgley, Francis Badgley, Nehemiah Bailey, William Cumpton, John Clary, Philip Collins, John Caldwell, William Carroll, W. H. Carroll, Ishmael Carroll, Isaac Caldwell, John Choat, William Cain, W. Creed, Caleb Cobb, Samuel Carroll, G. W. Cain, H. M. Collins, H. B. Childs, J. D. 164 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. Davis, CaJeb Day, George Douglass, George Davis, William Day, Wash- ington Duke, William Duke, George Drake, Daniel Drake, James Egbert, Josiah Eaton, Archibald Ennis, T. Ennis, Michael- Ennis, Joseph Elkins, Richard Elkins, Walker Ennis, David Elkins, James Ferren, Bart Ferren, Adam Flake, William Franklin, Jack Galloway, J. A. Grear, James Grear, David Gregory, Daniel Gardner, Abraham Huff, Levi Hall, William Harper, William Hughes, Eb Henderson, Jess Hen- derson, Henry Harper, Bolin Harper, Joseph Johnson, Peter Kemper, Isaac Knox, William King, Rev. Peter Klinger, Ransom King, Elijah Koons, William Lewis, J. T. Laughlin, Thomas Laughlin, J. 0. Laugh- lin, Samuel Musser, W H. Mallow. Edward Moon, B. C. Moon, Abra- ham McGrew, Thomas Miles, B. Mulligan, Eli Musgrove, Elisha and John McGrew, John Moffett, J. M. Oliver, Obediah Perry, William Perry, Leonard and N. B. Palmer, John and Nathan Perry, John and Henry Price, James Prather, Artemas Pringle, Charles Robinson, Erastus Robinson, William and James Robe, George Rule, Charles Richards, Anderson and R. H. Scroggins, John and J. E. Skaggs, Thomas Shields, Josiah Stewart, Samuel Scott, James Speaks, James Tracy, James Thomp- son, James and Jackson Trent, Scipio Sedgwick, Simon Taylor, James, Lewis, William, Pleasant and John Williams, Isaac Welch, John Watts, W. L. Wafman, Arnold Westfall and Jacob Yount. MILLING INTERESTS. Zachariah Davee owned a small grist mill during the twenties. It was located on Stotts Creek, contained a small set of nigger-head buhrs, and was propelled by water from a small log dam. In about 1830, the mill passed to James Ennis, who conducted it for a few years. This was probably the first mill in the township. The Hammons owned a saw mill for a short time in early years. The old Hawkins Mill was built thirty- five or forty years ago by an enterprising. German, who soon afterward sold it to Mr. Hawkins. It did good work in its day. After 1838, much of the flour was obtained at Free's mammoth grist mill at Waverly. Salt was obtained at Jackson's Salt Works in Monroe County, or at Martins- ville, Waverly, or at other towns, at $2 per bushel. The corn and pork were sold to buyers on the river, who shipped them down to Southern mar- kets. People dressed in buckskin, or linsey-woolsey or tow. Clothing, shoes, hats, etc., were manufactured at home by the good old mothers. They knew how to make the spinning-wheels hum. The township was quite well settled by 1840. Almost every section of land had its log cabin and its small clearing, where wheat, corn and vegetables could be seen growing. HUNTING EXPLOITS. Eight or ten bears were killed in the township in early years. Zach- ariah Davee was a successful bear hunter. He killed twelve or fifteen, but not all in Green Township. He owned a large, savage dog that was thoroughly trained to the uses of its master, and was an ally upon whom the hunter could depend in an emergency. The dog had been pretty well used up in encounters with bears, while it was yet young and unsophis- ticated, in the embraces of those animals or in the sweeping blows from GREEN TOWNSHIP. 165 their paws, and had resorted to canine sagacity to serve its master in sub- sequent encounters. On a hjint it would chase a bear to some rough tree selected by the latter animal as one easy to climb, and when the bear had gone up about four feet, the dog would sieze it behind, and by tugging and bracing itself against the tree would dislodge bruin, and both would come tumbling to the ground together. The dog would leap up and scamper off, closely pursued by bruin for a few rods, when the latter would return and again commence to ascend the tree only to be again pulled down by the dog. Sometimes this procedure was repeated several times, or until the hunter came up and shot the bear. On one occasion, when Mr. Davee was out hunting, he came suddenly upon a bear, but owing to the thick- ness of the brush, succeeded only in giving it a bad wound as it shambled off. The dog followed the wounded animal a long distance, keeping up a barking that guided the hunter in the pursuit, but keeping beyond the reach of the bleeding JJrsus Americanus. At last the bear became so weak from loss of blood that it stopped to rest, but could get none owing to the persistent and courageous attacks of the dog. Mr. Davee came up and ended the fight by a ball through the bear's head. On still another occasion, as Mr. Davee was walking through the woods with his gun on his shoulder, he came suddenly within four feet of a large bear that was lying behind a log. The animal instantly reared up with an angry growl, displaying two rows of gleaming teeth, and reaching out with its powerful arms to clasp the startled settler in its embrace, but the latter leaped back, cocked his rifle, and ere the bear could touch him, sent a ball through its throat. In a few minutes the animal was dead. Had the rifle missed fire, it would have fared hai*d with the hunter. On still another occasion, Mr. Davee shot and instantly killed a bear which was passing near his cabin. The flesh was divided out among the neighbors. William Hughes was tardy in his demands and was forced to content him- self with a pair of the legs. Bear meat is much like pork. It is said that Tilford Bailey killed a bear in early years. He saw it in the woods, and though much scared and nervous, fired and killed it. Joseph Doty also killed one under about the same circumstances. Several others killed bears in the township. THE WOUNDED DEER. Mr. Davee had his dog so trained that the dumb brute seemed almost capable of reason. One day the hunter shot and wounded a deer, which ran off through the woods at full speed. Away went the dog in pursuit, followed as fast as possible by its master. Drops of blood could be seen upon the leaves, showing that the deer had been badly hurt. After some time the dog returnedj skulking along to its master, which act was so unusual that Mr. Y>mW took his ramrod and gave the animal a sound thrashing, and again ordered it on in pursuit of the deer. Away it went again, fiercer than ever, as if to make good the loss of its master's confi- dence. The hunter, thinking that the dog would not have come back unless the deer was so strong as to have gotten entirely away, concluded to give up the chase and return to his cabin, which he accordingly did. Hours elapsed and the dog did not return. At last the hunter took his gun, resumed the trail, and after several hours of rapid walking came 166 HISTORY OF MORGAN COUNTY. upon a sight that made him sick. The tall weeds, grass and bushes over a quarter of an acre were torn to pieces and beaten flat, and near the center lay the wounded deer, dead, and terribly torn, ai;d near it was the oH dog, covered with blood and bruised, and torn almost in pieces by the sharp hoofs and antlers of the desperate deer. The noble animal could scarcely move, yet it wagged its tail at the sound of its master's voice, and looked up for praise over the successful issue of the terrible struggle. The faithful creature was taken home where its wounds were caretully dressed, but the best care could not restore the mutilated limbs and broken bones. The dog lived a year or more, but scarcely ever left the yard. THE DELAWARES. Mr. Davee had an extended experience of the Indian character. He was not afraid of them and liked to be with them for the sport they afforded him. He could beat any of them shooting at a mark, and won much of their property in that manner. The Indians, except a few small roving bands, had been removed a short time before he came to the town- ship. One day five or six of them, including two or three squaws, camped on tlie creek near his cabin, whereupon he went over to make their acquaintance. They seemed glad to see him, and, after a short time, all shot at a mark, and of course the white man beat them. The Indians then proposed to jump, and one of them suggested that they should see which could jump farthest over a large log-heap fire that was burning near. One or two including Mr. Davee made the jump success- fully, and finally a very boastful young fellow with many a flourish started to perform the same feat. He made a short dash, but just as he was risiiig on the jump Mr. Davee tripped him, and the half-naked fellow pitched heels over head into the log-heap fire. He howled dreadfully, and made the fire and ashes fly, and no wonder. He was out in a flash, badly burned, exclaiming ! " Heap bad shimokaraan ; heap bad ! " The reader will probably agree with him, but Mr. Davee and the other Indi- ans laughed heartily at his expense. A MYSTERIOUS DEATH. A few years ago, John Radcliff went out to his barn-yard one morning with his little girl to do the milking. The last the girl saw of her father he was standing with his back against the barn. At noon, Mrs. Radcliff made inquiries for him, and sent a child out to find him at the barn, but his whereabouts were not discovered. In the evening he was found near the barn, dead, and very much mangled by the hogs. The discovery created great excitement in the neighborhood, and led to the arrest of a young man who was soon acquitted. On the day of the death, two gen- tlemen passing by the house saw Mr. Radcliff talking with a stranger at the barn. Who this man was could not be ascertained. Whether Mr. Radcliff was murdered or whether he had a fit will probably remain a mystery to the end of time. EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. The first school in the township was taught on Stotts Creek in 1820, by the old settler, Hiram T. Craig. The second and third were taught GREEN TOWNSHIP. , 167 in the same neighborhood, all being very rude, and being taught in pri- vate cabins. Reading was done mostly out of the Testament ; writing was done with a goose quill sharpened or "mended " by the teacher, and a little "ciphering" was done on a rude blackboard. Mr. Collins suc- ceeded Mr. Craig. Late in the twenties, other schools were started far- ther up the creek. The first schoolhouse was built in the Stotts settle- ment in about 1827, and was a rough log structure built in one day by a few men who were anxious to have their few children educated. In 1830, if reports are reliable, there were only three log schoolhouses in the town- ship, and one of those was a deserted dwelling. In 1840, there werfe five or six, but the standard of education was yet at a very low ebb. The teachers were paid by subscription, which was usually $1.50 for each scholar for the term of three months. The teacher would have from eight to fifteen scholars, so it is easy to figure what the " master's " compensa- tion would be. Whoever saw a wealthy school teacher ? Such a creature is an invisible quantity even to this day. Take, then, the pedagogue of ye olden time, who was forced by the fiat of events to " board around " at the log cabins, where fat bacon and corn bread were considered delicacies fit for the gods, and who can imagine a more desolate prospect ? This was repeated scores of times in Green Township. In 1852, the common school law came into existence, and the progress of education since then has been remarkable. Neat frame houses were erected soon after the pas- sage of the law, and a permanent fund for the payment of the teacher and the support of the school changed the inj;ellectual bill of fare into all the higher branches. Now there are ten fine country schoolhouses where many of the teachers employed are qualified to instruct in analysis of the English sentence, natural philosophy, physical geography, botany, elocu- tion, rhetoric, ornamental penmanship, etc., etc. (jrreen Township has good schools. RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. Late in the thirties, a small class of the Church of Christ was organ- ized on Section 15, the leading members being Adam Flake, Benjamin Bryan, Peter Comper, Eli Musgrove and their families and others. Adam Flake agreed to donate one acre of ground for a church and cemetery. Whether a building was erected cannot be learned. The class lived many years, and numbered as high as forty or fifty members. In about 1840, the Methodists, near the residence of Levi Rinker, organized a class, among the members being the families of Robert C. Stotts, Levi Rinker, Simeon Ely, F. A. Harryman, William Stewart, Daniel Demott, George Rinker, John Holsapple, William Cain, James Epperson and James Laughlin. The pastor in 1844 was Daniel Demott, and in 1846 Henry S. Dane. The class belonged to the Mooresville Circuit. Several early classes were organized in schoolhouses. Now there are four churches in the township-^- Mount Olive, Methodist, in the northwestern part ; Union Chapel, Meth- odist, two miles east of Cope ; Bethel, Methodist, in the eastern part, and Centennial Union Church, a mile northeast of Cope. The township has excellent opportunity for Christian worship, and the citizens are sober, moral and industrious. CLEVELAND, In the month of April, 1838, Ezekiel St. John employed a surveyor 168 HISTORY OP MORGAN COUNTY. and laid out a village of thirty-four lots and eight large outlets on the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 8, Township 12 north, Range 2 east, the same being on the bank of Stotts Creek, and within about half a mile of its mouth. A few houses were built, and some little improvement was made, but the village soon died, without hope of resurrection. VILLAGE OF COPE. This was started up on Section 28 many years ago. James Crocker and Henson Martin opened the first store there in a log cabin. They were succeeded by Wesley Knight. Isaac B. Wilson was next, and Lem- uel Guthridge next. A post office has been established there in later years. Few villages can cope with Cope in limitation and negation. BAKER TOWNSHIP. "THE EVILSIZER FAMILY. THE earliest settlement of Baker Township is enshrouded in mystery. It is certain that white families lived therein as early as 1820, and possibly in 1819. A family named Evilsizer was living there on the old Thomas Hodges farm when the first permanent residents arrived, but how long they had been there cannot be learned, even if it be known by any one now living in the township or county. It is believed by some that this family lived there before the cession treaty of 1818, but this must be regarded with some grains of doubt. The family consisted of the father, mother, two or three sons and a daughter or two. They were professional pioneers, and preferred to live in the woods remote from the settlements. The father and the boys were skillful hunters and trappers, and several times a year visited the older settlements in the southern part of the State to sell their furs or exchange them for ammunition, traps, weapons, tobacco, or some article of clothing for the women. The men dressed almost wholly in deer or raccoon skins, and spent their time in hunting and trapping, in which they were very expert. As a matter of fact, much that is said of them rests largely on tradition, as they left for remote localities about the time the permanent settlers began to arrive. They had a garden, consisting of about half or three-quarters of an acre, which was cultivated by the women, as the men were above that sort of degradation. Accounts vary as to the intelligence of the family. It is quite certain, however, that their intellectual attainments were not of the highest order. They were guilty of sufficient acuteness to be able to hunt and cook, but they would not have cut a remarkably high figure, either socially or mentally, in the settled communities of that day. Ac- cording to tradition, the men on one occasion had considerable difficulty with a band of four or five Indians that stopped at their cabin. The trouble arose over a trade of furs on the part of the Indians for ammu- nition and trinkets on the part of the whites. Arms were drawn, wounds were given, but the difficulty was adjusted before anything serious result- BAKER TOWNSHIP. 169 ed. It is said that this family killed many bears in various portions of Morgan County. Within two or three years they left the township, go- ing, no one knows whither, but certainly out into the wilderness. PERMANENT SETTLERS. The first tract of land was purchased on Section 28, on the 8th of November, 1820, by Thomas Hodges, who did not reside in the township until years afterward. William Burton bought land on Section 32 in 1823. The Burtons afterward became prominent citizens. George W. Baker came in late in the twenties, with a retinue of relatives, that was afterward considerably enlarged. Perhaps himself and relatives did. more for Baker Township than any other family. The township took its name from this family. They were among its most prominent and respected citizens. The Lafavers came in soon after 1830, and soon exerted a wide influ- ence in township affairs. The family of John Hodges was also very prominent. The township was mainly settled in the thirties, although a few fami- lies were residents before. Among those who entered land were James Kerley, William Teag, George W. Baker, John Buckner, Jonathan Man- ley, Frederick Buckhart, W. T. Clark, Page Henslow, John Manley, Bichard Long, Jackson Long, Elisha Long, Elijah D. Long, John Hodges, Jr., Thomas Hodges, Thomas Mitchell, James R. Elston, John Burton, Isaac Lafaver, Josiah Goodwin, Robert Finchum, Ivison Ellis, David Low, Josiah Vandeventer, John Muncey, Stephen Collier, William Burton, Jacob Evans, Presley Johnson, P. Smith, Chris Shultz, J. B. Gibson, William Goodwin, Hiram McKinney, John Burnett and others. THE POLL TAX PATERS OF 1842. Barnard Arnold, Winard Buskirk, Jesse Belzer, Daniel Beals, Felix Belzer, John W. Burton, Benjamin Campbell, Joseph Childers, John Campbell, Caleb Collier, Jacob Evans, Robert Finiham, William Gregs- ton, James Goodwin, James Gregston, Thomas L. Hicks, Thompson Harden, John Hodges, Zachariah Haller, Samuel Harryman, Joseph Kenley, Jonathan Kegley, Daniel Lafaver, Jacob Lafaver, Isaac Lafaver, Andrew H. Low, John McCollister, John E. Myers, Jacob Meyers, James Martin, John G. Manley, John Martin, Joshua Muncey, David T. Neal, Dempsey Neal, L. M. R. Pumphrey, William W. Paul, Abraham Stutesman, Phlegman Smith, Daniel Weathers, Amos H. Vande- venter. The old Pumphrey Grist Mill on White River was an important feature in early times. The store which was started there about 1839 was continued several years. EDUCATION. Schools were not started in this township until comparatively late. The settlement was slow, and the families had something else to think about than education. Too many parents in those days thought as the Spanish proverb directs : ■ " Follow your father, my son, And do as your father has done.'' 170 HISTORY OF MORGAN CODNTY. They reasoned that their children ought to do as well in life as they had done, which was to pass from the cradle to the grave with only ''edi- cation " enough to read a little, write a little and cipher a little. A man who had " larnin' " enough to attack and attempt to analyze an English sentence was regarded a prodigy. " And still the wonder grew That one small head should carry all he knew." The first school in the township, so far as can be learned, was taught in about the year 1838, on Section 28. The echoolhouse was of round logs, a wide fire-place filled the dark room with a ruddy glow, and in one end was a rude table, a sacred piece of furniture, belong- ing exclusively to the teacher, from which oracles as wise, no doubt, as those of Solomon were revealed to the wondering children. The second school was stai-ted about the same time on Section 31 or 32. These were the only established schools for several years, but along in the forties, when the good effects of the school law of 1843 began to be felt, other terms were taught in the northeast corner and in the southeast corner. The township in 1850 had three established schools, and a neighborhood or two where terms were taught semi-occasionally in buildings that had been built for dwellings and which were fitted up specially for the pur- pose. The school system of Baker Township, and the excellence of the instruction furnished, are not excelled by any other country township in the county. FACILITIES FOR WORSHIP. Baker Township has been well supplied since the earliest settlement with abundant opportunity for Christian worship. The Mount Zion Methodist Church, on the line between Sections 31 and 32, was organized about 1840 at the residence of Jacob Lafaver. The first class did not exceed ten members. Among the earliest families belonging were those of Jacob Lafaver, Isaac Lafaver, William D. Payne, Joshua Jones, Alfred Abel, John Myers, Isom Guy, Andrew Smith and others. Wesley Dorsey , organized the class and was the first preacher in charge. Henry S. Dane succeeded him. The church was built in the fifties. This class is yet in existence. The two other churches — a Methodist and a Baptist — were organized later, and are iii flourishing condition for country churches. The citizens of the township generally are moral and industrious. The township is next to the smallest in the county. During the early stages of the last war, it furnished more men in proportion to population than any other township in the county. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. GEORGE A. ADAMS, attorney aVid Representative, is a native of Morgan County, Ind. , and was born June 4, 1849. The county which gave him birth has made him a home. In his youth, after attending the common schools of the county, he went to the State University at Bloom- ington, Ind. , for two years, and from which he graduated in the profes- sion of law in 1872. He was Principal of the High Schools of Morgan- town one year, after which, in April, 1873, he engaged in the practice of his profession, and has continued the same since that time. December 28, 1876, he married, at BraziL^Clay Qounty, Miss Mattie Bennett, which union has given birth to two children — an infant and Roy B. (de- ceased). Mr. Adams is a Republican, and was sent to the Legislature, as a Representative of Morgan County in November, 1882. He is a mem- ber of the venerable Masonic fraternity, and also of the Beta Theta Pi — a college organization — and of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Adams is the possessor of a line property in Martinsville, and is a much esteemed citizen. WILLIAM R. ASHER is a native of Johnson County, Ind., and was born on- the 30th of November, 1861. When he had reached the age of eight years, he was removed by his parents to this town, where he was reared, attended and graduated from the Martinsville High School, and afterward became a student of the State University in September, 1878, in a course of four years' study. In the month of March, 1883, he en- tered into the oratorical contest, with four contestants, for the privilege of representing the University in the State contest, and which privilege he won; consequently, he represented the University of Indiana in the State oratorical exhibition, which took place at Indianapolis April 17, 1883, in which effort he was successful, coming out number one from a list of six, each representing a college, and also winning the prize, $50. This success at the State capital bestowed upon him the right of contend- ing in the inter-State contest of oratory, held at Minneapolis May 2, 1883, from which engagement he came forth third in honor. J. G. BAIN, editor Martinsville Republican, and Postmaster, was born in Jefferson Township, Morgan County, on April 29, 1844, and is the son of John and Bridget (Gallagher) Bain, early settlers of Jefferson Township. Our subject passed his early life on a farm and attending a district school until he was seventeen years of age, when he enlisted in Company C, Thirty-third Indiana Infantry, in August, 1861, for three years and participated in every march, battle and skirmish which the 172 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: regiment was in. Near the close of the three years' term, the regiment "veteranized." During the Atlanta campaign, the regiment elected offi- cers, and was under the fire of the enemy while balloting, and one man killed. Mr. Bain was elected Second Lieutenant, and remained with his command until the close of the war, having been mustered out August 20, 1865, after four years' service. Some of the battles and skirmishes in which the regiment was engaged are as follows: Wildcat, Cumberland Gap, Thompson's Station, Tenn. (where the entire brigade was captured and confined in Libby Prison two months), Eesaca, Cassville, Burnt Hickory, Golgotha Church, Pumpkin Vine, Peach Tree Creek, the Atlanta campaign, Sherman's "march to the sea," and through the Carolinas, being in the battles of Averysboro and Benton ville; thence to Baleigh, on to Eichmond, and in the "grand review" at Washington; thence to Louisville, Ky., where the regiment was mustered out. After his return home, our subject attended Mooresville Seminary six months, then Earlham College, Richmond, Ind., three years, and then the State Uni- versity at Bloomington, graduating from that institution in the law course in the spring of 1870,. after which he came to Martinsville and engaged in the practice of law. In August, 1870, he became connected with the Republican, which sprang into existence that year, and was made its managing editor. In December, 1870, with H. A. Smock, he purchased the paper, and continued its publication for four years. Since September, 1874, Mr. Bain has been the sole proprietor. He has added to and improved the paper, now using a Campbell steam press, with a circulation of 1,700. In October, 1872, Mr. Bain was made PostmastOT of Martinsville, and has held the office ever since. He has always been an active, influential politician in the Republican party, and is ranked among the energetic and progressive citizens, and as one of the repre- sentative men of Southern Indiana. In February, 1876, he was married to Sallie Johnson: a native of Morgan County, and daughter of Dr. J. J. Johnson. Four children have been born to them — Mary E., Katie E., Jarvis J. and Dora I. Mr. Bain is a consistent member of the Presbyte- rian Church, and his wife of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, and of the G. A. R. Since Mr. Bain has been Postmaster, the office has increased its receipts three- fold; and it is at present one of the best appointed and conducted post offices of any town of its size in the State. JAMES P. BALDWIN, second son in a family of eight children, was born March 17, 1849, in Jennings County, Ind. His parents, James M. and Sarah (Thomas), natives of Indiana, were married in Jennings County, where they settled, remaining until 1861, the father following merchandising. Removing thence to Martinsville, he went into the mill- ing business, and three years later, his mill being destroyed by fire, he retired from business, and is at present one of Martinsville's most influ- ential citizens. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in Martinsville. When sixteen years of age, he was employed as brake- man on the V. F. & M. R. R. , where he remained for six months, then for six months on the I. & V. R. R. as fireman, and afterward on the main line of the Indianapolis & St. Louis Railroad as fireman between La Fayette, Ind., and Cincinnati, Ohio, for some time. He was then given an engine, working in this capacity until 1872, after which he worked for one year on the F. P. & M. R. R. again. In 1873 he entered the employ of Johnson & Long, druggists, of Martinsville, for a WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 173 short time, afterward forming a partnership with J. H. Hart in the same business, and at present is so engaged doing a lucrative business. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is an active member in the Republican party. November 13, 1872, he was married to Maryetta K. Johnson, daughter of Dr. J J. Johnson, one of the leading citizens, of Martins- ville. They had four children, none of whom are living. Mr. Baldwin and wife are identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church. QUINCY A. BLANKENSHIP, attorney at law, is a native of this county, born November 15, 1851. He was reared in the locality of his birth, attended the schools and high school of Martinsville, also the Northwestern at Indianapolis. He began farming in 1874; now owns 200 acres in Eay Township, and is a partner with his brother in farming and stock-dealing; they handle about 100 head of cattle each year. In 1879, he went into the County Clerk's office as Deputy, at which he served four years. Afterward he began the study of law, was admitted to practice February, 1883, and April 17 of that year be married Miss Fannie Miller. The father of our subject, Perry M. Blankenship, was born in Jennings County, Ind., December 11, 1811. His parents died when he was quite young, and he was bound to Mr. John B. New, and learned the trade of cabinet-making, at which he worked several years, and while yet a young man removed to this county. JOHN BOTHWELL was born in County Moneghan, Ireland, March 17, 1803, and is a son of Charles and Mary Bothwell, also natives of County Moneghan, Ireland. The father of our subject, John Bothwell, Sr. , was a native of Ireland, where he married and died, having reared five children — James, David, Mary, Margaret and Charles. Charles Bothwell, while in Ireland, married Mary Gordon; emigrated in 1809 to America, and settled in Pennsylvania, where he closed his life. He was the parent of the following: Samuel, William, Ann J. and John. Our subject, John Bothwell, married, January 14, 1832, Miss Nancy, daugh- ter of John and Elizabeth Loraign. The following spring Mr. Bothwell moved to Montgomery County, Penn., and in 1838 to Morgan County, Ind., when he settled in this township, which has since been his home. Mrs. Bothwell died April, 1856, and some time after Mr. Bothwell wedded Mrs. Weathers, widow of Richard Weathers, who died Feb- ruary 1, 1883. Mr. Bothwell has been father to the following children: Samuel, Anna, Mary, David, John, Hiigh, Sarah, James, Ann J., Isabel, Martha and Margaret. DAVID BOTHWELL is a native of Morgan County, Ind., was born October 12, 1841, and is one of the twelve children composing the fam- ily of John and Nancy Bothwell. He obtained the rudiments of an ed- ucation from the district schools; afterward fitted himself for the duties of a teacher, and has taught thirteen consecutive terms of school suc- cessfully in this county. February 28, 1883, he married Mary E., daughter of William M. and Mary C. Duckworth, of this county. Miss Duckworth was born in this county March 23, 1857. After marriage, Mr. Bothwell occupied and managed the farm on which he now lives. It comprises 215 acres, and is well cultivated and improved. Mr. and Mrs. Bothwell are highly respected among their neighbors. FRANK O. BRAKE, native of Ohio, was born in Licking County Octo- ber 10, 1853. His parents, Samuel and Sarah (Moore) Brake, were mar- ried in Ohio, their native place, in 1841, where they located, and the father was stationed as a United Brethren ministe^. In 18(53, they re- 174 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: moved thence to Union County, and settled on a. farm, where they re- mained for two years; then went into the mercantile business in Frank- fort. In 1878, he sold his stock of goods, and was then in Shelby County for four years. Early in 1883, he embarked in the insurance business, and at piesent is so engaged. On December 23, 1877, his mother died. Subject is third son and child in a family of four chil- dren, and was reared and educated in his native county. When seven- teen years of age, he began teaching school in Ohio. He continued teaching for live years, and in March, 1875, he entered the office of Dr. Levi Stuck, a dentist of Bryan, Ohio, remaining with him for one year. He then went with Dr. Myers, of Defiance, Ohio, remaining for five years, meanwhile attending the Ohio Dental College at Cincinnati, where he graduated in March, 1880. In 1881, he came to Martinsville, where he has a lucrative practice. Mr. Brake is a member of the A., F. & A. M., Martinsville Lodge, No. 74; of the American Legion of Honor, Fort De- fiance, Lodge, No. 497. In politics, ho is a Republican. On September 26, 1877, he was married to Josephine Winfield, daughter of John Win- field of Ohio. By this union there is one child, Edith Harlan. Both himself and wife are member^ ol the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. ELLIOTT F. BEANCH, Treasurer of Morgan County, Ind., is a na- tive of Johnson County, and was born April 16, 1845. He was reared in the county in which he first saw the world's light, with fair facilities for education, and in 1866 commenced the grain trade at Martinsville, and now continues the same in partnership with his brother, under the firm title of Branch & Bro. ; they own the Martinsville Flouring Mills, and are doing a large business, over $250,000 annually. Mr. Branch shipped the first carload out of the town on the now railroad. He is owner of 820 acres in Johnson County, the same number three miles east of this place, and his wife also has a like quantity near the town. From 1865 to 1878, he was engaged in merchandising and the stave business, in connection with milling and farming. May .13, 1868, he married Miss Alice Parks, daughter of P. M. Parks, which union has been graced by four children — Olive, Leafy, Emmett Forest and Frank Oak. Mr. Branch is a stanch Republican, and was elected County Treasurer in 1878. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the State committee for this Congressional district. ROBERT H. BRANCH was born in Johnson County, Ind., on April 7, 1852. A sketch of parents' life appears elsewhere in this work. He was fourth son and ninth child in a family of twelve children, and was reared in his native county. When eighteen years of age, he began work- ing on his father's farm, which he continued to do for two years. He then came to Martinsville, and was employed by his brother, E. F. Branch, in the grain business, with whom he continued until January, 1874. At this time he became a partner in the firm, and continued so for three years, when his brother sold his interest to D. D. Cramer. Three years later, the firm was dissolved, R. H. Branch and D. D. Cramer selling their interests. Our subject then purchased a half interest in the flouring mills and elevator, which was destroyed by fire on June 22, 1883, the lose being about $26,000. An elevator, the capacity of which is 125,000 bushels, has since been built, in place of the one destroyed, and business was re- sumed on December 1, 1883, which most undoubtedly will prove as great a success as formerly. Mr. Branch is a member of the A. F. & A. M. He is also an active member and worker in the Christian Church. Politi- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MAETINSVILLE. 175 cally he is a Eepiiblicau, and quite influential in this party. He is liberal as a citizen, and highly respected by all who know him. H. E. BRANCH is the oldest son and child in a family of two chil- dren, born January 12, 1855, in Franklin, Johnson County, Ind. His parents were John W.-and Louisa (Alexander) Branch, natives of Ken- tucky and Indiana respectively. They were married in Gosport, Ind., October 5, 1853, and then settled in Franklin, remaining until 1858, when they moved to Gospori, where they remained until 1866. He was appointed Deputy Collector, and moved to Terre Haute, remaining until 1878, when they moved to Martinsville and engaged in the stave trade, and at present reside in Indianapolis. The subject was reared in Frank- lin, Gosport and Terre Haute, in the latter place of which he received a good education in the graded schools. In September, 1877, he came to Martinsville, and took the position of book-keeper for E. P. Branch & Bro., and is so engaged at present. On February 12, 1878, he married Sarah A. Comer, daughter of Mathew Comer, a pioneer of Mooresville. By this union there were two children. Mr. Branch is a member of the K. of P. He is an active member of the Eepublican party, and highly esteemed in the community in which he lives. He is a member of the Campbellite Church. During the years 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, he was telegraph operator in Terre Haute. MRS. MARTHA A. BEOUGHTON (widow of John Broughton), is a native of Botetourt County, Va., and was born May 9, 1837, the daughter of Jacob and Nancy Echolds, both natives of Virginia, where they married. They afterward moved to Kentucky, thence to Madison County, Ind. ; thence to Johnson, and thence to Morgan County. Their family consisted of Jeremiah, Martha A., Nancy J., William, Jennie, Eliza, Anna and Joseph. In Johnson County, Ind., our subject married James Childs, and they moved to Effingham County, 111., in which locality Mr. Childs died. In 1852, Mrs. Childs returned to John- son County, Ind., and was there wedded to Thomas Stout, with whom, in 1858, she moved to this county, where he died in 1872; finally she wedded John Broughton, who left the world in 1879. Mrs. Broughton has been the mother of eight children, as follows: By Mr. Childs, two, Roan H. and an infant deceased; and by Mr. Stout, six — Charlie T., Albert L., Nancy A. , William W. , Hattie F. and Joseph H. Mrs. Brough- ton is an exemplary and highly esteemed lady. COL. JAMES E. BURTON was born in Monroe County, Ind., Septem- ber, 23, 1824, is a son of John and Nancy (Wishard) Burton, the former a native of Virginia, born 1784; the latter, a native of Delaware, born 1782, who, after their marriage about 1819, emigrated to Monroe County, Ind., where Mr. Burton built a mill and also engaged in farming. He was a soldier of the war of 1812, and was the owner of more than 1,000 acres at his death in 1860; his wife survived him sixteen years. Their family was Susan L., Jesse M., Henry W., Elizabeth J., John W., Sytha A., Martha L., Josiah P. and James E. The grandfather of our subject, Josiah Burton, was a native of England, who first located near Philadelphia, Penn., then moved to Virginia, then to Kentucky, and about 1826 to Morgan County, Ind., where he closed his life. He had been twice married and the father of ten children. James E. Burton was married March 23, 1848, to Miss Cynthia A., daughter of James V. and Maria Buskirk, and born in Monroei County January 31, 1830. They have had three children — David P., John M. (deceased) and James S. 176 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Soon aftfir marriage, Mr. Burton moved to and remained in Morgan County. In 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, of which he became Captain and served three years. He was wounded in the thigh June" 22, 1864, and in Septem- ber was promoted Colonel, which he held until mustered out, August, 1865. Mr. Burton has been Justice of the Peace, and is a member of the Masonic order and of the M. E. Church. He resides upon his own farm of 249 acres. PATRICK CAIN is a native of Ireland; was born January, 7, 1829, and is one of the four children born to Thomas and Katie Cain, both of whom were natives of Ireland. In 1846, Patrick Cain emigrated from Ireland to Kentucky, and in the autumn of that year moved to Clark County, Ind., and subsequently to Morgan County, and settled in Wash- ington Township, whore he has since made a home, and is the owner of 480 acres of fine land, and also where he married Ellen Murkenroy, which union has resulted in the births of seven children — Francis T., Edward I., William, Patrick H., Joseph, Mary and Eosie. Mr. and Mrs. Cain are highly esteemed members of their community, and are communicants of the Catholic Church. n EDWIN W. CALLIS was born in Flemington, Hunterdon County, N. J., on January 17, 1827. His parents were natives of that State. He attended school until he was about thirteen years of age, when he was ap- prenticed to the printing business in the office of the Hunterdon (N. J.) Democrat. He had a natural inclination and taste for that business, and served an apprenticeship of five years. After that he worked in various cities and towns, in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, until the year 1847, when he purchased a half interest in the Mt. Holly (N. J.) Herald, a Democratic paper, and took the editorial control of that paper until 1851, when he came to the conclusion that he would like to master the " art preservative of all arts " in its various details. Then he sold his interest in the Herald, and removed to Philadelphia, Penn., where he worked in the leading book, job and newspaper offices, and edited and published a literary and pictorial paper called the Family Casket. He remained in that city until 1855, when he came West, to Martinsville, Ind., and bought the Morgan County Gazette, as the paper was then called. It was the first Republican paper published in Morgan County, and continued in that faith until 1870, when local differences arose, and the editor and paper filed into the Democratic party — the party to which Mr. Callis orig- inally belonged. It has been thoroughly Democratic ever since, under his editorial control, and has done efficient and faithful service for the Democratic cause. Mr. Callis is a natural and thorough newspaper man, from editor to pressman, and stands at the head of his profession wherever known. He has a wife and six children. The latter, four girls and two boys, range in age from fourteen to thirty years, and were all brought up at the " case. " WILLIAM P. CLARK is a native of Morgan County, Ind. , born August 23, 1835, and is the fourth of the seven children of John and Isabella (Major) Clark, both born in Indiana and in the same year, 1810. Soon after their marriage, they moved to Tippecanoe County, and thence to Morgan County, settling in this township, where Mr. Clark died in 1844. Mrs. Clark subsequently married William H. Craig, and died in 1881, by the latter marriage becoming the mother of three children. William P. Clark married, February 12, 1857, Miss Keziah, daughter of WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 177 John and Sarah Rudicel. Mrs. Clark died May 17, 1863, and May 17, 1864, he married Alzina H., daughter of Lewis and Hannah War- ren. Soon after this marriage, Mr. Clark moved to Martinsville, and in 1872 purchased the Martinsville Flouring Mills, in v^hich business of milling he was engaged for five years. In June, 1883, tie removed to the farm on which he now lives. Mr. Clark has been the father of five children, two by his first wife, Noah J. (deceased) and Minnie (deceased), aud three by his second wife — Lulu, Gettie and John W. JOHN N. COBB is a native of Morgan County, Ind., born August 30, 1860, and is descended from Van B. and Harriet A. (Nutter) Cobb, natives respectively of Kentucky and Indiana. They were married, September 20, 1859, in this county, where Mrs. Cobb died October 21, 1860, after which oar subject was taken by his grandfather, John Nutter, to rear, with whom he remained until 1881. July 30, 1882, he mar- ried Annettie, daughter of A. J. and Perlina (Dyer) Lafary, of Martins- ville, and born in this county March 20, 1859. Mi. Cobb is a very much esteemed and promising young man and a member of the Knights of Pythias. He and wife are parents of one son — William A. COFFEY & LIVINGSTON. Walter S. Coffey, senior partner of this firm, is the fifth child of Wiley and Harriet (McDonald) Coffey, na- tives of Indiana. He was born six miles southeast of Spencer, Owen County, Ind. , May 16, 1858. His parents were married in Owen County, and located on a farm in Clay Township in that county, where the father died in 1879, leaving his widow with several small children, which she has reared. She is now living on the old farm, hale and hearty. Walter S. Coffey was reared on the home farm in Owen County, where he received an edxicatiou in the district schools of the neighborhood. By persistent effort and close application, he attained a proficiency in music seldom excelled. When twenty-one years of age, he was employed by F. G. White, the well known manager and actor, as leader of his orchestra, and for three years traveled with him. In July, 1883, he formed a partnership with W. N. Livingston in the grocery business in Martinsville, and they are at present doing a large, lucrative business. Mr. Coffey is a member of the Christian Church, in good standing, and an active and influential one in upholding its principles. In politics, he is liberal. William N. Livingston was born in Clay Township, Owen Co., Ind., August 21, 1860. His parents, Nathan F. and Elizabeth (Neill) Livingston, natives of Virginia and Indiana respectively, were married in Greene County, Ind., in 1857, and located on a farm, where they remained for a number of years, and thence came to Owen County. They then settled in White Hall, Clay Township, where they sold dry goods for some time. At present they reside nine miles south- east of Spencer, on a farm in Clay Township. William N. Livingston is the second son and third child in family, and was reared and educated in his native township. When nineteen years of age, he was employed by F. G. White as a member of his band and orchestra. He traveled with him for three years. In July, 1883, Mr. Livingston went into the grocery business, in partnership with W. S. Coffey, ia Martinsville, where at present they are doing a successful "business. ■ In October, 1882, he was married to Euth Coffey, daughter of Wiley and Harriet Coffey, natives of Indiana, and old pioneers of Owen County. Mr. Livingston is polit- ically a Democrat. 178 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: MATTHIAS B. COLLINS, second child in a family of threfl, was born Frebruary 18, 1842, in Butler County, Ohio. His parents, Jacob and May A. (Ajbuokle) Collins, natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia respectively, were married in Ohio, in 1837, and located near Cincinnati, where the father followed the cooper's trade and farmed up to the pres- ent time. His mother died November 6, 1877. Matthias was reared and educated in Clermont County, Ohio, and when nineteen years of age came to Indiana and entered the employ of carriage manufacturers, with whom he remained until July, 1862. He enlisted in Company I, Thirty - third Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. Houser; served three years, and participated in the following engagements: Thompson's Station, Resaca, Cassville, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Burnt Hickory and Dallas Woods; he then marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the sea, and took part in the battles at Savannah, Bentonville and Averysboroj near Goldsboro, he was taken prisoner, and first imprisoned at Danville, then at Libby. Shortly after, he was paroled, and, going to Camp Chase, Ohio, was granted a furlough, and on June 10, 1865, was honorably discharged. Returning to Bartholomew County, Ind. , he resumed work at carriage-making. On March 25, 1866, he was married to Minerva L. Rominger, of Bartholomew County. One year later, they removed to St. Louis, Ind., where he engaged in wagon-making, remaining until 1872; removing thence to Miamiville, Ohio, he engaged in photography (which he had learned while in the army), traveling with a portable gallery until in 1879, when he came to Martinsville and has since been successfully engaged there in the same business. Mr. Collins is Senior Warden of the A. F. & A. M., Martinsville Lodge, No. 74, and Officer of the Guard of Post No. 77, G. A. R. He is a Repub- lican, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They have four children — Ella F. , Eugene O. , Willie A. and Mary E. JOHN C. COMER was born December 8, 1842, in Wayne County, Ind. His parents, Joseph and Esther (Compton) Comer, were natives of South Carolina and Ohio respectively. The former came to Indiana in 1808, when seven years of age; married in Ohio in 1826, and lived in Hendricks and Morgan Counties for ten years, when he again went t» Wayne County, returning to Morgan County in 1862 and locating in Mooresville. He died in February, 1876. The mother died in January, 1868. John C. Comer is the eighth son and eleventh child, and was reared in Wayne and Randolph Counties until eight years of age, when he went with his parents to Iowa. In June, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany I, Fourteenth Iowa Volunteers, under Capt. Warren C. Jones. He served for three and a half years, and took part in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Jackson, Tenn. ; Holly Springs, Vicksburg, Canton, Miss. He was in the Red River cam- paign, and at Pilot Knob. In December, 1864, he was mustered out, and came to Morgan County, Ind. ; purchased a flouring mill at Moores- ville, ran it for two years, and then purchased a saw mill, which he ran until 1870. He next farmed for tWo years, and then embarked in the lumber business, following it for eight years. He was elected Sheriff of the county in 1878, and two years later was re-elected. After faithfully fulfilling the duties of this office for four years, he bought a farm of 253 acres in Brown Township, and is at present farming. In April, 1869, he was married to Miss An n ie Gilbert, of Morgan County. They have had sii children, four of whom are living — Ella, Robert, Mattie and "WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 179 Dolly. Mr. Comer is a member of the I. O. O. F., K. of H., the K. of P., and of the G. A. K. He is a Eepublican, and with his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JAMES F. COX, attorney at law, was born in Monroe County, Ind., May 15, 1852, and is a son of Rev. J. Bridgeman and Martha (Mosier) Cox. He was reared on a farm, attended the county schools, and when fifteen began his own support, and divided his time between labor and schooling. At nineteen, he became a teacher, and attended the State University for three years, after which he taught during winter and studied law during summer. He became ao earnest politician before he became a voter. He cast his first vote, in pride, for Horace Greeley, and came before the Democratic convention as a candidate for Prosecuting Attorney of the Fifteenth Circuit. He was defeated meagerly after be- ing nominated over three prominent competitors from this county, by a coalition of Greene and Owen Counties, the latter receiving the Judge and the former the Prosecutor. In 1878, he was made Deputy County Prosecuting Attorney, as which he served eighteen months before resign- ing to matriculate in the Law Department of the University of Miehigaa, from which he graduated March 24, 1880, and returned to this county and resumed practice. August 1, 1877, he married, in Brown County, Ind., Miss Mattie E. Armstrong, who died February 14, 1880, leaving one child — Leon J. WILLIAM COX, a native of Ohio, was born near Dayton October 5, 1820, and is the eldest son and second child of John and Nancy (Swish- ard) Cox, natives of Pennsylvania. They came to Morgan County in 1820, and built what is known as High Rock Mills in Jefferson Town- ship, on White River, which they ran until in 1850. The father then went to California, where he died in March, 1850. The mother died in 1843. Subject was reared in Morgan County, where he was educated, and remained until 1843, and assisted his father in the mill He then went to Wisconsin, and worked in the lead mines for two years; thence returning to his home, he went on a flat-boat to New Orleans, and acted as pilot on a flat-boat for twenty years. In 1853, he purchased a farm in Jefferson Township, and farmed after his twenty years on the river until 1877. He then sold his farm, and removed to Martinsville, where in May he was appointed City Marshal, and is at present serving in that capacity. In 1856, he was elected Township Trustee, and served two years. In 1847, he was married to Jane Mills, daughter of Judge Mills, a pioneer of Morgan County. By this union there have been six children, four of whom are living — Lida, Katie, George W. and Stephen J. Mr. Cox is a member of the A. F. & A M, Martinsville Lodge, No. 74. He is politically a Eepublican. His wife is a member of the Christian Church. GEORGE W. CRAMER was born in Morris County, N. J., October 27, 1829, and is a son of Archibald and Margaret Cramer, the former born July, 1803, the latter in 1802. Arahibald Cramer was a son of Abram and Rachel (More) Cramer, who were natives of New Jersey, where they lived and died, the parents of eleven children. Archibald Cramer married Margaret Stephens, and after living in Sussex and Morris Coun- ties, emigrated to Morgan County, Ind. , in 1839, and died May 7, 1883, the father of six children — Sarah, George W., Emeline, Dayton D., Will- iam S. and Nelson. George W. Cramer, December 22, 1853, in this county, married Sarah A., daughter of James and Delilah Crawford, and born in this county December 17, 1834. This union brought forth nine 180 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: children — ^Mary E., Lenora A., Hannah M., James C, Julia, Charles L., Rosa L. , Archie and Delilah M. After marriage, Mr. Cramer located on his home farm of 267 acres of well improved and valued land. He is a much esteemed citizen, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. WILLIAM S. CEAMER, a son of Archibald and IMargaret Cramer, was born in this county March 19, 1841. August 2, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Volunteers, and served until the close of the war. He was wounded May 15, 1864, at the battle of Resaca, Ga., in the left shoulder, by which he was disabled for a time, but has a good army record. In 1866, in partnership with his father and a brother, he purchased a saw mill and threshing machine, all engaging in said enter- prise. This continued until 1871, when the sons bought their father's interest, and continued the business until 1876, when William purchased the interest of his brother, and has since managed the business alone; he is also interested in farming. January 4, 1870, at Indianapolis, he mar- ried Miss Patience M., a daughter of Thomas J. Breedlove, who died March 19, 1874, having borne three children— Frederick S., Laura L. (deceased), and Lillie B. October 18, 1876, Mr. Cramer married a second wife, Elizabeth E., daughter of William and Mary A. Lockhart, with an issue of five children — Arthur V. and a twin (still-born), John N., Thomas G. and Nellie. Mr. Cramer has served his township as Assessor. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. C. S. CRARY, born in Franklin County, Ind., March 21, 1845, is the yoTjngest of seven sons and twelve children, and was reared in Indiana and Ohio. Of his father, the Martinsville Republican of August.,16, 1883, publishes the following: "On the 14th inst., Gren. Willis Crary suddenly died at his home, near Olney, 111. Gen. Crary was eighty-one years old past. He was a native of Vermont, and moved to Cincinnati in 1813, where he resided for thirty years, when he removed to Franklin County, Ind. He was in his earlier days a prominent politician of Cincinnati. He was well acquainted with Gen. William Henry Harrison, and was a schoolmate and chum of his son, Scott Harrison, the father of Senator Ben Harrison. Shortly after he attained his majority, he was married in Cincinnati to Miss Almira Spencer, a native of New "York State, who died in 1863. During the internal improvement furor in this State, he was a heavy contractor in the building of the White Water Canal, in which he lost over |20,000, which was a liberal fortune in those days. Of late years, he had resided in Illinois." In 1859, the subject of this sketch went with his parents to McLean County, 111. He received a good En- glish education, and in August, 1861, he enlisted in the Fourteenth Indi- ana Cavalry, under Col. T. Lyle Dickey, serving for four years. He took part in the following engagements: Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh (at which he was Orderly to Gen. Hurlbut). From exposure, he was taken with the typhoid fever, and after lying in the hospital for some time he was discharged for disability. In the fall of 1862, he assisted in raising a company and returned to the front. On the 19th of March, 1863, he was commissioned Second Lieutenanh, One Hundred and Thirtieth Illinois Infantry, and had the honor of being the youngest commissioned officer in Illinois, then being but seventeen, years of age. In the battle of Port Gibson, his Captain was wounded, and the First Lieu- tenant in the hospital, so he assumed the command of his company through the battles of Raymond, the entire siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Miss., and some few others, after which he was promoted to First Lieu- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 181 tenant. His regiment spent the winter of 1863-64 on the coast of Texas, after which they returned to New Orleans, and on the organization of the Red River Campaign, he was appointed on the staff of Gen. W. H. Bald- win, of the Second Brigade, Fourth Division of the Thirteenth Army- Corps, and served in that capacity during the entire campaign. In 1865, he received an honorable discharge and returned home. He entered the State University at Bloomington, Ind., remaining one year. In 1866, he began farming in Morgan County, and five years later moved to Mar- tinsville, renting his farm of 200 acres in Jefiferson Township. He then went into the insurance business, and continued in it until 1881, when he went into the employ of the Gould Southwest Railroad System, with headquarters at Galveston, Tex., as traveling, freight and passenger agent, remaining nearly two years. In December, 1882, he resigned his position and returned to Martinsville, where he at present resides. He is a member of the G. A. R. and a Republican. N. T. CUNNINGHAM, of the firm of Cunningham, Bollinger & Phelps, dealers in general merchandise, dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, etc., is a representative business man of Morgan County, and was bom in Martinsville October 1, 1832. He is the son of James and Huldah (Lizenby) Cunningham, natives of Kentucky, who were married in that State Aijgust 15, 1826, and immediately came to this township. The father at first engaged in farming, but, being a business man was soon occupied in stock trading, hotel-keeping, general merchandising, flat- boating, etc. He died in Martinsville July 19, 1856, his widow follow- ing May 1, 1861. N. T. Cunningham was reared a farmer until eighteen years of age, when he came to Martinsville with his parents and assisted his father in his hotel and other business, after which he returned to farming for two years. In 1858, he opened a general store in Martins- ville under the firm name of Cunningham & Stevens; three years later, he purchased the interest of Mr. Stevens, and has continued business to the present time, associated with various others, including W. R. Sheppard, S. McCracken, James Sheppard and T. Phelps, during the war carrying on two stores. The present firm was formed in 1880, the partners being James Bollinger and T. Phelps, and the firm is doing a thriving trade. Mr. Cunningham has also given much attention to stock raising and trading. He owns about 800 acres in Morgan County, mostly improved; he has laid out two additions to Martinsville, owns five rooms ia Union Block, and has invested much money in building enterprises. He was married in 1862 to Miss Nettie C. Sheppard, native of Morgan County, and daughter of Isaac D. Sheppard, one of the early settlers. Two children have blessed this union — C. Sherman and Julie M. Mr. Cun- ningham is a Republican and Mrs. Cunningham is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. MARION CUNNINGHAM, one of the most energetic and successful young farmers in Morgan County, was bom in Jefferson Township Au- gust 3, 1850. His parents were William N. and Nancy (Lankford) Cun- ningham, natives of Kentucky and Virginia respectively, who were mar- ried in Morgan County in an early day, and were well known among the earliest and most prominent settlers. Our subject was the second son in a family of four children, and was reared in Morgan County, obtaining in the district schools the rudiments of a good education. On the 22d day of September, 1870, ho was married to Miss Nancy Teverbsugh, daughter of William Teverbnugh, an influential and respected citizen of 182 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Martin County, Ind. For about one year after his marriage, he farmed in Morgan County, going thence to Daviess County, Ind., where he farmed for two years, at the end of which time he returned to Morgan County, and continued farming until early in 1881, when his father gave him the splendid, well- improved farm of 297 acres, one mile south of Martinsville, where he at present resides. In connection with his farm- ing interests, he is also extensively engaged in the stock business, and his energy and industry rank him among the successful farmers of the county. CYRUS E. DAVIS, attorney at law, was born in Washington County, Ind., December 17, 1856, and is a son of James and Martha E. Davis. Cyrus was reared on a farm; attended school during the winter, and when seventeen years old the Salem High School some time, in 1876 the South- ern Indiana Normal School, and in the autumn of that year was enrolled in the State University at Bloomington; was a student four years, and graduated therefrom in June, 1880. In July of that year, he came to Martinsville, engaged in reading law under Col. Jordan; became a part- ner with Hon. A. M. Cunning in 1881 ; graduated from the Law Department of the Michigan University in 1882; returned to Martinsville; continued the practice with Mr. Cunning and afterward became associated with E. C. Steele, under the iirm name of Davis & Steele. Mr. Davis is a mem- ber of the "Sigma Chi" fraternity. BENJAMIN DESSAUER is the fifth son and eighth child in a fam- ily of eleven born to Aaron and Fannie (Goldsmith) Dessauer, natives of Germany. His parents were married in Baltimore, Md., in 1836, where his father followed his vocation as merchant tailor; thence he removed to ]\Iissouri; remained until in 1842, and then went to Ohio; located in Cincinnati, and engaged in the clothing business. In 1852, he embarked in the general booking business, and was thus engaged for eight years, when he retired from business. He died November 16, 1866; his wife on October 29, 1866. Benjamin Dessaiier was reared in Cincinnati, ob- tained a good education in the graded schools of that city, and when eighteen years of age took a. complete courge in Nelson's Commercial Col- lege. When twelve years of age, he began clerking in a general mer- chandise store in Thorntown, Ind. ; then clerked at various points until ]875. He then came to Martinsville in September of that year, and formed a partnership with his brother David in the clothing, boot and shoe business, in which they have been so successfully engaged, their business rooms being two of the largest in the town. On June 10, 1879, he was married to Rebecca Kronenberger, daughter of Max Kronenber- ger, a native of Germany. Mr. Dessauer is a member of the K. of P. Lodge, No. 89. GEORGE W. EGBERT (deceased) was born in Warren County, Ohio, August 25, 1824. He removed with bis parents to Dearborn Coun- ty, where they remained for some time; thence they removed to Green Township while George W. was but a lad, in which community he grew up to manhood respected and held in high esteem by all who knew him. He was married to Miss Mary Williams, February 11, 1847. He survived his wife six years. He at one time served as Trustee of Green Township. In 1870, he was elected Treasurer of Morgan County. Such was the con- fidence reposed in him by the people that they committed to his care the guardianship and settlement, as administrator, of many estates, all of which was honestly and conscientiously performed. He was in the WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 183 drug trade as a member of the firm of Tarleton & Egbert, which position he occupied until his failing health admonished him that he must with- draw from active business, after which he gradually sank, suffering in- tolerable pain. He died February 18, 1882, in the fifty-eighth year of his age. He was a prominent citizen and highly esteemed. He was ef- ficient as an officer, performing all duties devolving upon him with fidelity to the county and credit to himself. DE. URIAH H. PAER was bom in tliis county October 23, 1846, and is a son of Daniel C. and Susanna (Teague) Parr. Daniel C. Farr was born in Jefferson County, Ky., May 8, 1816, moved with his parents to this State in 1822, and was married in this county February 20, 1834, to MisB Susanna Teague. He afterward engaged at farming in Eay Township with success, and by industry was soon enabled to enter land until he owned 300 acres. He was father of three children, and died August 14, 1850. August 6, 1862, Dr. U. H. Farr enlisted in Company B, Seventieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he served three years, and was in the following battles: Eesaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, the Atlanta campaign, the m&rch to the sea, Savannah and Bentonville. He was discharged June, 1865, and March 16, 1866, married Miss Sarah Blankenship, with a result of four children — Anna A., Kate E., Montana E. and Daniel B. Dr. Farr continued farming until 1874, when he began the study of medicine and attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Indianapo- lis, from which he graduated in 1876. After pi'acticing at Paragon until 1882, he removed to this town. Dr. Farr also took a course of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, and received the ad eundem degree therefrom. LEVI FEEGTJSON is a native of Pike County, Ind., and born May 29, 1841. He was also reared in Pike County, and commenced the study of law at the age of fifteen, which he continued four years. August 9, 1860, he married Miss Mary B. Montgomery, who died February 13, 1866, leaving one child — Florence. July 1, 1861, Mr. Ferguson en- listed in Company A, First Indiana Cavalry, serving in this and in the infantry until 1868, at which time he was promoted to a Captaincy and assigned to Provost Marshal duty in the Second Division, Army of the Shenandoah, after the experience of battle in many sanguinary engage- ments and skirmishes. After the war, he engaged in the practice of law in Petersburg, Ind., where he continued until 1877, and served two terms as County Auditor. In the same year, he removed to Martinsville and transferred his law practice hither. ' In 1868, he married Miss Amelia Thomas, which union was honored by two children — Eay and Minnie. In 1872, Mr. Ferguson was a delegate to the National Eepub- lican Convention, and in 1876 a Hayes elector for the Second Congres- sional District for this State. JOHN J. FEETIG is the elder of two children born to John S. and Frances (Sarhmann) Fertig, natives of Germany, who were mar- ried in 1858, in Indiana, where they removed in 1854. His father was a carpet weaver, and since his marriage has resided in Madison, Jefferson County, Ind. His wife died January 29, 1873. John Fertig was born March 1, 1860, in Madison, where he was reared, and received a good English and German education. When fifteen years of age, he be- gan learning the trade of saddletree making, which he followed for two years. He also learned the barber's trade, in Madison, where he fol- 184 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: lowed it for three years. In the summer of 1880, he came to Martins- ville and worked at his trade until in 1882. In March, 1883, he pur- chased a barber-shop of T. M. Gillig, which ho refitted, and is at pres- ent conducting. Mr. Fertig is a member of the Catholic Church, and active in its support. In politics, he is a Democrat, and a good citizen, alwavs ready to assist in every benevolent undertaking in public enter- prise. JAMBS FISHER was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, June 9, 1840, and is a son of William and Nancy (Fitzsimons) Fisher, natives of New York and Maryland respectively. The former was killed in 1840, by the falling of a tree, and in 1845 his mother moved with her family to this county, afterward marrying Barney Donohue, and residing in the county until her death in 1874. She was the mother of ten children — nine by Mr. Fisher and one by Mr. Donohue. James Fisher is the youngest child of his father's family. He came with his mother and has since resided in this county. October 17, 1859, he married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel E. and Mary J. Black, and born October 17, 1838. After his marriage, Mr. Fisher located in this township, of which he is a worthy citizen. Mir. and Mrs. Fisher have nine children — William, Mary A., Ellen, Francis, Lawson, Ida E., Alice B., Jennie and Minnie. Mr. Fisher was a soldier of the late war, having enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and Forty- eighth Indiana Volunteers, and served from February, 1864, until the end of the war. WILLIAM L. FULKEESON is a native of Scott County, Va. ; was bom October 13, 1824, and is one of the family of Frederick and Lovina (Lawson) Fulkerson, both of whom were natives of Scott County, Va., where they were married, and whence, in 1832, they moved to Monroe County, Ind., and there closed their labors of life. Their family com- prised seven in number — Nancy, Sarah, Elizabeth, Catherine,' William L., Mary and Abraham. William L., our subject, married in Monroe County, Ind., June 22, 1848, Miss Sarah, daughter of Eli and Mary Abernathy, and born in Lincoln County, N. C. , May 7, 1825. In the spring of 1873, Mr. Fulkerson moved to Morgan County, and eettled on the farm which he now occupies as a home, and where he manages a dairy and supplies the town of Martinsville with milk, butter and cheese. Mr. and Mrs. Fulkerson have no children. WILLIAM G. GAEEISON, a native of Gregg Township, Morgan County, Ind., was born December 25, 1840. His parents, William and Phebe (Norris) Garrison, natives of Kentucky, were married in 1840, in Morgan County, Ind., and located in Gregg Township, where they con- tinued to live until 1848, when they removed to a farm in Jefferson Township. There, in 1852, the mother died. The father is at present living in Warren County, Iowa. He came to Indiana in 1825, and is one of the earliest and best citizens of Morgan County. William G. Garrison is the eldest of five children, and was reared in Gregg and Jefferson Townships until April, 1861. He enlisted in Company K, Sev- enth Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. Jeff K. Scott, in the three months' service. His company immediately went into active service, and he took part in the battles of Philippi, Cheat Mountain, Garrick's Ford, etc. He was mustered out August 3, 1861, and in July, 1862, he re- enlisted in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. A. D. Cunning. He served until June 19, 1865, and took part in the bat- tles of Eussellvllle, Resaca, Cassville, New Hope Church, Lost Mount- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 185 ain, Kenesaw, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, SaTannah, Averysboro and Bentonville. During Sherman's march to the sea, he was considered an expert forager, and some of his narrow escapes on various expeditions are interesting in the extreme. In March, 1862, he was married to Sarah Winter, daughter of George and Mary "Winter, pioneers of Morgan County. After his return from the war in 1866, he followed his trade as stationary engineer, until July, 1873, when he was severely attacked with acute rheumatism in his right leg, which made him incapa- ble of labor. In October, 1876, he was elected as Recorder of Morgan County, on the Republican ticket, and four years later was re-elected to the same office, in the discharge of which duties he is at present en- gaged. He is a member of the G. A. R His wife is an active and f aithfiil member of the Christian Church. They have had eight children — Orestes, Harriet E., Thomas O. (deceased) May, Luther, Dot, Annie (deceased) and Perry. JOHN GIBBS was born in Wayne County, Ky., April 2, 1823, and is a son of James and Mary Gibbs, both natives of Kentucky. The grand- father of our subject, John Gibbs, was a native of Ireland, who emigrated to America, where he married, lived and died, the parent of six children. James Gibbs was born in Wayne County, Ky., July 16, 1800, where he married Mary Helton, and in 1830 moved to Morgan County, Ind., where both closed their lives, the parents of thirteen children. John Gibbs moved with his parents to this State in 1830, and January 27, 1848, married Miss Sarah, daughter of Ealph and Eosina Cartwright, and bom in Washington County, Ind., April 27, 1825, a union which was followed by ten children — James E., Joseph D., John F., Florence A., Alice C, Mary E., Martha J. (deceased), Kizzie B., Sarah A. and Andrew. Mr. Gibbs is a highly respected citizen. CHAELES M. GEAVIS ib the eldest son and third child born to Sebastian and Minerva (Barker) Gravis, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio respectively, and married in Williamsburg, Ohio, in 1839. In 1863, they removed to Indianapolis, where the father at present resides. The mother died in July, 1849. Charles M. Gravis was reared and edu- cated in Ohio. When seventeen years of age, he enlisted in Company B, Eighty-ninth Ohio Volunteers, under Capt. William A. Townsend. He served for three years, during which time he participated in the battles at Hoover's Gap and Chickamauga. At the latter, he was captured, and put in the prison on Belle Island, but wassoon aft«r transferred to " Libby," where he remained for about two years. From there he was sent to Dan- ville, Va., and incarcerated for five months, when he was transferred to Andersonville. He remained there for seven months when' he was paroled, and soon after exchanged, immediately returning to his company. He participated in the battle at Bentonville and a number of skirmishes. At the close of the war, he resumed to Clermont County, Ohio, soon after coming to Indiana, where he learned the brickmason trade with his father. He afterward studied medicine with Dr. D. Wiley, for three years. In March, 1871, he graduated at the Indiana Medical College, at Indian- apolis. In September, 1870, he was married to Sarah C. Smock, a native of Indiana. They had six children — Walter, Charles, William, Ursula, all of whom are dead; GracieB. and Frederick L. are living. In 1871, he began the practice of his profession in Southport, Ind., and from there, eighteen months later, removed to Indianapolis. He there entered into practice, and in the drag business, which he continued for three years, 186 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: returning thence to Southport, where he remained until September, 1880. He was in partnership with Dr. George Spees, in Glenn's Valley, where he remained eighteen months, when he came to Martinsville, where he is at present engaged in the practice of his profession. He has filled all the chairs in the I. 0. O. F., Southport Lodge, No. 394, and of the Grand Lodge. He is also a member of the G. A. E., and is a Repub- lican. Himself and wife are members of the Baptist Church. SAMUEL S. GEIFFITT, dealer in groceries and queensware, is car- rying a stock of 13,000, with about 115,000 annual sales. The father of our subject, Reuben Griffitt, was born in Tennessee in 1797 ; there mar- ried, in 1824, to Miss Lovina Shell, and in 1834 removed to this county, and farmed near Morgantown, where he died November, 1871. Samuel S. Grifiatt was born in. this county February 13, 1836; reared on a farm; taught school some time; engaged in merchandising at Morgantown from 1856 to 1859; then served as Deputy County Clerk one term, and in the Auditor's office for several years. February, 1863, he married Miss Re- becca M. Drumheller, which union gave issue to two children, Mary and Neddie. After 1871, Mr. Griffitt engaged in the hardware trade for five years, and served one year as Superintendent. In 1881, he engaged in his present business, in -which he has been uncommonly successful. Mr. Griffitt is in politics a Republican. HON. GEORGE W. GRUBBS, attorney, Martinsville, was born in Franklin, Johnson County, Ind., September 26,1842. He was the second son of Richard L. and Louisa (Armstrong) Grubbs. His ancestors came from Pennsylvania. His Grandfather Armstrong was a soldier in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch graduated from Franklin County in 1861, and at once enlisted in Company I, Seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry. From this time until the spring of 1866, he was on active duty, and for meritorious conduct he rose successively from private to Lieutenant, Brevet Captain, and in the summer of 1864 was commis- sioned Major of the Forty-second Regiment Colored Infantry, General of the First Brigade, Third Division, Twentieth Army Corps. He was in all the important engagements in which his regiment participated, and while commanding the Forty-second Regiment was engaged in the Nashville campaign. From the close of the war until he was mustered out of service, he was stationed as commander at Decatur, Ala. Im- mediately upon his return from the field, he entered the law office of Por- ter, Harrison & Fishback, at Indianapolis, and began the study of the profession. He was admitted to the bar in 1868, and removed to Mar- tinsville the same year. In 1876, he was elected by the Republicans of his district to the Legislature, and served with ability, being honored with the chairmanship of Judiciary Committee. He was elected to the State Senate in 1878, and was appointed a member of the same commit- tee. As an attorney, the reputation of Mr. Grubbs is high. He was a delegate to the National Convention, which nominated Gen. Grant for the Presidency in 1868, and the later one which nominated R. B. Hayes in 1876. He was also a member of the Electoral College in 1872, and as- sisted in the re-election of Gen. Grant. He has also been a constant at- tendant 01 the Republican State, district and county conventions. SAMUEL M. GUTHEIDGE is the secoud child in a family of ten, and was born on August 30, 1854, in Green Township, Morgan Co., Ind. His parents, Lemuel and Elizabeth (Feeters) Guthridge, natives of Ohio and Indiana respectively, shortly after marriage located on a WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 187 farm in Green Township, Morgan County, where they remained until 1865. They removed thence to Cope, Green Township, where the father engaged in the mercantile business, and continued there for three years, when he was elected County Treasurer on the Democratic ticket. He served for two years, and then formed a partnership with J. A. Lewis in the general merchandise business, which firm at present is doing a lucra- tive trade. Samuel M. Guthridge was. reared and educated in his native township. In 1872, he entered the Martinsville High School, which he attended for two years; during the winters of 1872-73-74, he taught school in Green Township. In February, 1875, he entered the Northern Indiana Normal at Valparaiso, remaining until August, when he returned to his home and went to work on his father' s farm. In 1878, he removed with his parents to Martinsville and took a positicm under his father as Deputy County Treasurer. January 1, 1879, he formed a partnership witii W. H. Miller in the hardware and implement business, under the firm name of Miller & Guthridge. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Martinsville Lodge, No. 74,, and of the I. O. O. F., Martinsville Lodge, No. 274. He is also a member of the K. of P., Anniversary Lodge, No. 89, and politically he is a Democrat. He was married on December 25, 1879, to Alice Egbert, daughter of G. W. Egbert, of Morgan County. They have had three children, Bernice, George E. (deceased) and Nellie. WILEY S. HAL TON, Sheriff of Morgan County, is a native of Owen County, Ind., and was born April 28, 1843; he was reared in the county of his birth, where, April 15, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Four- teenth Indiana (three months') Volunteers, after which service he re-en- listed, in October of the same year, in Company A, Fifty-ninth Indiana Volunteers, and served in the following engagements: New Madrid, Corinth, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, siege of Vioksburg, Mis- sionary Ridge and Sherman's campaign through Georgia and to Wash- ington. After his discharge — July 25, 1865 — he resumed farming in Owen County, at which he continued three years, when he removed to this county and farmed until 1882, except four years passed at Eminence and Louisville, in this county. December 7, 1867, he married Catherine Munday, with the result of five children — Minnie, Alpha, Daisy, Ethel and Clarence (twins). In 1882, Mr. Halton was elected Sheriff by the Republicans. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and also of the G. A. R. He owns a half interest in a store and has other property in Louisville. E. R. HAMILTON was born in Vermont, on September 15, 1843. He is the youngest of nine children. His parents, James and Sarah (Plum- ley) Hamilton, natives of Scotland and Vermont respectively, were married in Vermont, and located in Brattleboro, removing thence to Randolph, Vt., where they remained for some time. In 1849, they went to Lowell, Mass., where the father died in 1854. The mother at present resides in Martinsville, eighty-two years of age. E. R. Hamilton was reared in Massachusetts and Vermont until nineteen years of age. In 1861, he went to Iowa, remaining for a short time, and then went to Tennessee, where he clerked for six months. He then went to Memphis, and kept books for the Blmwood Cemetery for one year. Returning to Vermont, he took a ooui'se at "Eastman Business College," and graduated in the fall of 1863. He then returned to Memphis, and took a clerkship under Gen. Ornee (Special Agent of the United States 12 188 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Treasury Department), and he remained until 1865, going thence to Ver- mont and then to Columbus, Ind., tvhere he kept books for J. H. Phil- brooks, a dry goods merchant. Two years later they formed a partner- ship, and in 1872 Mr. Hamilton purchased his partner's interest, and carried it on by himself for three years. He then came to Martinpville, and went into the "walnut lumber" biisiness, in which he is now engaged. In June, 1864, he was married to Cora L. Plumley, of Albany, Vt. They had one child which died when young. His wife dying, he next married, in 1876, Mary A. McEwen. They have two children, Mary A. and Samuel. Mr. Hamilton is a stanch Republican. JOHN T. HAMMANS was born in Morgan County, Ind., December 31, 1830, and is a son of Pryor and Matilda (Burk) Hammans, both of whom came to this county in the early days, married and passed the larger portion of their lives; Mr. Hammans died in 1866, but Mrs. Hammans is yet living in this county. Their children were by name Joshua, William, Harvey, Andrew, Mahala, Mary, George, Martin, Elijah, Adeline, Hester, Elizabeth, Ehoda, Nancy, Martha and John T. Oar subject married in this county, August 16, 1857, Delilah, daughter of Ivan aud Irena Voyles, with an issue of eleven children, Catherine, James, Irena, Robert, Mary, John, Maria, Sarah, Clarissa, Burley and Margaret. In August, 1862, Mr. Hammans enlisted in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Volunteers, and served until September, 1864, on July 23 of which year, at Atlanta, he was wounded by a gunshot passing through his cheek and cutting his tongue. Mr. Hammans is an honored citizen, and he and wife are members of the Baptist Church. A. S. HART is the ninth child in the family of A. B. and Sarah A. (Chipps) Hart, both natives of Sussex County, N. J. , where they married, and in 1840 moved to Morgan County, Ind., and made there a home. Their family was made up as follows: Mercy, Margaret, Amos S., Mary, Aaron R., Mahala, John W., Elizabeth and Emma. A. S. Hart, our sub- ject, was bom in Morgan County December 12, 1845. November 24, 1870, he married Miss Emeline, a daughter of Maxville and Sarah Shire- man, and a native of this county, born July 10, 1848. This union was endeared by the following family: Harry M. (deceased), Ora A., Maggie M., Laura A. and Adie. Mr. Hart is a highly esteemed gentleman, a member of the order of Odd Fellows, and likewise of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. J. H. HART, eldest son and eighth child of Henry and Catharine (Bricker) Hart, natives of Pennsylvania, was born in Franklin County February 14, 1852. His father was a blacksmith, which trade he fol- lowed in Mercersburg, Franklin County, from the time of his marriage until the fall of 1852, when he removed to Salem, Owen County, Ind. Remaining two years, he went to Quincy, Owen County, where he died in December, 1880. J. H. Hart was reared in Quincy, Owen County, where he received his education. When thirteen years of age, he began working with the farmers in the neighborhood; continued for three years, and then came to Martinsville; he was employed in a drug store here until 1874, when l^e went to Indianapolis; returning in a short time, he formed a partnership in the drug business with James P. Baldwin. Con- tinuing for two years in this, he sold out, and for several months acted' as Deputy Clerk to Willis Record. In February, 1876, he was married to Arra Lindley, daughter of Robert and Cynthia Lindley, of Monrovia, He is the father of two children, Lillian E. and Beryl. In the fall of WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 189 1876, Mr. Hart opened a drug store in Monrovia, removing his stock two years later to Martinsville, where he is at present doing a lucrative business. CLAKKSON C. HARVEY was born in Brown Township, Morgan County, Ind., October 12, 1852. His parents, Robert and Sarah (Hadley) Harvey, were natives of Ohio and North Carolina respectively, and of Scotch-Irish extraction. They are Quakers, and in 1833 settled in Brown Township on a farm of 200 acres, where they have since resided. Clark- son C. Harvey is the seventh son and ninth child in a family of twelve children, and being raised on the farm, received a very ordinary educa- tion in the district schools of his native township, remaining at home until in his twenty-first year, when he went into the employ of a grocery merchant in the town of Mooresville. About seven months later, he went to Illinois, and worked for some time at farming in Ford County. In September, 1874, he removed to Martinsville, where he opened a restau- rant, and at present enjoys a lucrative business. Mr. Harvey is identified with the Republican party. He was married, January 14, 1877, to Annis H. Gregory, a daughter of M. W. and O. D. Gregory, pioneers of Mor- gan County. He is a member of the Methodist Church in good standing. His wife has been attentive to her duties as a member of the Christian Church. They have two childien, Harlon and Olivia. CHARLES HASTINGS is a native of Franklin County, Ind., was born September 2, 1820, and is a son of Job and Keziah Hastings. Job Hastings was born near Pittsburgh, Penn., where he married; afterward removed to Franklin County, Ind., and thence, in 1835, to Morgan County, where he ended his life. His family was as follows: Matilda, Mary, Reese, Sarah, Charles, Kelly, Hannah C, Rebecca, Eliza J. and Martha A. The grandfather of our subject, Isaac Hastings, was a native of England who settled near Pittsburgh, Penn., but died in Franklin County, Ind., the father of nine children. Charles Hastings married, January 1, 1850, Susanna, daughter of John and Sarah Rudicel, and soon afterward located at his present home, which comprises a farm of 475 acres of fruitful and improved land. He is a genial gentleman and respected citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Hastings have been parents of four children — Louisa I., Mary A. (deceased), Evangeline and William C. AUSTIN HAT LEY was born in Chatham County, N. C, September 15, 1822, and is the eldest of the family of "William and Martha (Bow- ers) Hatley, natives respectively of North and South Carolina, who moved to this State and county in 1832, where they closed their lives — he in 1847, and she eight years later. They were parents of ten chil- dren — Harriet, Jacob, William, James, Leroy, Minerva, Eliza, Polly, . Elizabeth A. and Austin. Our subject has remained in this county since brought hither by his parents. December 19, 1850, he married Cathe- rine, daughter of Harvey and Susan Williams. In 1869, Mr. Hatley located on his present farm, previous to which, in 1868, his wife died, and afterward he married Sarah Wilson, who died in 1872, whereupon, in 1873, he married Frankie E. Martin. Mr. Hatley has been the par- ent of fifteen children in all — William H., Martha A. (deceased), Henry J., Elizabeth J., George W., Thomas M. (deceased), Lafayette and three unnamed, by his first; Sarah C. (deceased) and Harriet M. (deceased), by his second, and Mary A., Richard P. (deceased) and Nancy E., by his third wife. 190 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: LEEOY S. HATLEY, fifth son and sixth child of William and Mar- tha (Giles) Hatley, natives of North Carolina, and of Scotch and English extraction, was born April 7, 1837, in Washington Township, Morgan County, Ind. His parents came to Indiana from North Carolina, where they were married, and located in Morgan County, where the father died July 3, 1847. The mother died April 15, 1855. The father entered a farm of 220 acres, which he farmed during the last few years of his life. Leroy S. Hatley, when nineteen years of age, went into the employ of J. M. & S. M. Mitchell, worked on their farm for three years, and after- ward worked for P. M. Parks until April, 1861. He then enlisted in the three months' service, in Company K, Seventh Indiana Infantry, under Capt. Jeff K. Scott. He participated in the battles at Philippi, Bealington, Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford, and at the expiration of this term of service he returned to his home. On July 7, 1862, he en- listed in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. A. D. Cunning, and participated in the following engagements: Bussellville, Resaca, Marietta and Atlanta. He marched with Sherman to the sea, and took an active part at Bentonville, and then on with Sherman to Washington. After the battle at Atlanta, he was promoted to Second Lieutenant, which position he filled until June 8, 1865, when he re- ceived an honorable discharge at Washington. After the war closed, he returned home, and for two years farmed, removing then to Illinois, where for two years he was again engaged in agricultural pursuits, after which he returned to Morgan County, locating in Martinsville shortly afterward. He owns 129 acres of excellent farm land in the county, the cultivation of which he superintends. He was for two years As- sessor of Washington Township, also served the same length of time as Township Trustee. He was Deputy Sheriff for one year, and for some time City Marshal, March 20, 1872, he married Kate Watkins, daughter of John A. Watkins, a pioneer of Morgan County. Mr. Hatley is a mem- ber of the K. of P., Anniversary Lodge, No. 89, an active Republican, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. They have had three children — Oscar (deceased), Bessie and Maudie. EBENEZER HENDERSON (ex-Auditor of State) was bom in this /county June 2, 1833. His duties called him to Indianapolis quite often, and he resided there from January, 1875, until 1879. His parents, James C. and Mary (Piercy) Henderson, natives of Shelby County, Ky., were married in July ,1831. They came to Morgan County the following fall, and the father entered eighty acres of land five miles south of Mar- tinsville. He built a cabin, and began to clear the wilderness. At his death, January 8, 1867, he owned 360 acres of land. The mother died in Martinsville, October 25, 1879.. Ebenezer Henderson was educated in Morgan County in the three-mouths' winter schools. At the age of twenty, he entered the State University at Bloomington, where he re- mained for two years. On returning home, he took charge of his father's farm and traded in stock, fast accumulating money. He was married, in 1856, to Ann C. Hunt, daughter of a neigboring farmer, soon after which he was appointed Deputy County Treasurer, in which office he served for four years. In 1860, he received the nomination, on the Democratic ticket, for County Treasurer. In 1868, he was nominated for State Sen- ator for the counties of Morgan and Johnson, was elected, and served four years. On retiring from this office, he gave his attention to his extensive farm, and the erection of a large pork-packing house in Mar- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 191 tinsville, which was run under the firm name of Henderson, Parks & Co. until 1880, and now under the firm name of Harrison, Parks & Co. In 1874, he was elected Auditor of State, and was re-elected one year later, serv- ing for three years. He was chosen by the Democratic party in their State Convention a member of the State Central Committee for the In- dianapolis District, which position he occupied for two years. At pres- ent, he resides in Martinsville, in the full vigor and prime of his man- hood. He is the father of six children — Fannie, Ella, Maggie June, William, Howard and Court. COENELIUS HILL, a native of Indiana, was born August 23, 1836, in Richmond, Wayne County. His parents, Thomas and Elizabeth (White) Hill, native of Indiana and North Carolina respectively, were married in Indiana in 1833, and locating in Richmond, the father fol- lowed the carpenter's trade. In 1838, they removed to Grant County, to a farm, where in August, 1843, the father's death occurred. The mother died in April, 1865. Cornelius was the eldest son and second child, and was reared in Grant County until eight years of age; then with his mother he went to Washington County. Shortly after, they removed to Orange- County, where he obtained a good education. When seventeen years of age, he began working on a farm, which he continued until the fall of 1856, when he came to Morgan County and farmed near Mooresville for some time. In 1859, he went into the confectionery business, and about one year later, he went to Kentucky, farmed for some time, returning- thence to Indianapolis. In 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Seven- tieth Indiana Volunteers, under Samuel Harriman, and served for nearly three years, acting as Corporal. He took part in the battles at Resaca, Atlanta, Peach Tree Creek, Averysboro, Cassville, Kenesaw Mountain; and Bentonville. After the close of the war, he located in Martin County, Ind., as stationary engineer. In March, 1869, he was married to Letha A. Greeson, of Morgan County. They have one child — Mabel Pearl. Id 1874, he went into the confectionery business again. Iq November of 1879, he sold a half interest and added a stock of groceries. In August of the next year, he went to Wabash and opened a bakery and confec- tionery, which he continued to run for one year, when he came back to Mar- tinsville, where he is at present engaged in a lucrative business. Mr. Hill is a member of the A. F. & A. M. and of the G. A. E., and is politically a Republican. His wife is an active member of the Meth- odist Church. JARVIS J. HILTON, a native of Indiana, was born September 21, 1855, in Morgantown, Morgan County. He was the second son and fourth child of Emsley C. and Sarah A. (Jones) Hilton, natives of Indi- ana and Kentucky respectively. His parents were married in Johnsort County, Ind., where they remained for some time, removing thence to Morgan County, where his father followed cabinet-making and carpenter- ing until his death, which occurred October 5, 1877. The mother at pres- ent resides in Morgantown. In April, 1869, Jarvis J. Hilton was em- ployed as clerk in a general merchandise store, where he remained for three years. He then went into the employ of the National Publishing Company for a short time, after which he was in Franklin, Ind., for some time. Returning to Morgantown, he clerked for Samuel Rozengarten, a merchant in that place, until in the fall of 1877; afterward for another merchant in the town until December, 1878. Meanwhile he had been reading law, and in November, 1877, was admitted to the bar in Morgan 192 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: County. He is at present exteDsively engaged in the practice of law and pension business in Martinsville. In 1881, he was appointed Deputy Prosecuting Attorney and served creditably for about two years. In April, 1877, he was married to Ida M. Skinner, daughter of George W. Skinner, a pioneer of Morgan County. By this union there was one child— Fred H., November 19, 1879. His wife dying, he was next mar- ried, May 6, 1880, to Flora B. Pervis, daughter of George C. Pervis, a citizen of Johnson County. Mr. Hihon is a member of the I. O. O. F. , and is at present Prelate of the K. of P., Anniversary Lodge, No. 89. D. L. HINE was born in Lincoln County, N. C, May 26, 1829, and is the youngest child of Philip and Mary M. (Shufford) Hine, the former born in Germany in 1774, the latter in Lincoln County, N. C, in 1784. Philip Hire emigrated to America in 1795, and located in Lincoln Coun- ty, N. C, where he married in 1803. In 1836, they moved to Morgan County, Ind., where they ended their days, he in 1856, she in 1844. Their family comprised eleven children — Elizabeth, George J., Barbara, Daniel S., Henry, Anna, Philip J., Clara, John W., Sarah and David L. Our subject married in this county, July 6, 1856, Miss Sarah, daughter of Cutter and Elizabeth Salmon, and born in Morris County, N. J., July 21, 1824; she died December 25, 1876, having borne one child— Flora B. February 19, 1879, Mr. Hine married Miss Jennie, daughter of William and Cynthia Clark, and born in Appanoose County, Iowa, November 11, 1856. The result of this union v/as two children — Gentry S. and Edna M. HIRAM J. HINSON was born in Mooresville. Morgan County, De- cember 81, 1850. His parents, William H. and Mary (Butner) Hinson, natives of North Carolina, were married in Morgan County, and located in Mooresville, where the father has farmed, and they at present reside. Hiram J. Hinson is the fourth son and child of a family of nine children. He was reared and educated in his native town. When sixteen years of age, he began working on a farm in the neighborhood and c,ontinued to farm for five years. In 1861, he began learning the cabinet- making with his uncle in Mooresville. Remaining with him for two and a half years, he came to Martinsville. Here he entered the employ of Lewis & Co., and in 1873 he opened a shop of his own in Monrovia, Morgan Couoty, and after one year in this, he returned to Martinsville. He then en- tered the employ of J. A. Lewis, a furniture dealer, with whom he re- mained for four years. On December 23, 1878, he became a partner of W. W. Kennedy in the same business, having bought his stock of Mr. Lewis.- Three years later he purchased the other half interest, and has since carried on the business by himself, at present being one of Martinsville's most sucoessful and enterprising merchants. He has a stock of furniture worth 14,000, and is also doing a superior class of undertaking. Mr. Hinson is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Martinsville Lodge, No. 74. Politically he is a Republican. GEORGE HUBBARD, born in Columbus, Bartholomew Co., Ind., June 31, 1843, is the fifth of six sons born to John C. and Hannah (Brice) Hubbard, natives of Connecticut and Pennsylvania. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, Ninety-third Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. Charles Hubbard. He served for three years, and took part at Jackson, Miss., Vieksbnrg and the Mobile campaign. After the war, he resided in Edinburg until 1869, and then went to Columbus, Ind. , where he remained four years in the general merchandise business. In 1873, WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 193 he went into the lumber business and ran a saw mill in Bartholomew Coun- ty for three years, when he again went into the general merchandise bus- iness in Columbus. In the fall of 1878, he removed to Seymour, Ind. ; went into the saw mill business again, afterward going to Bartholomew County and engaging in the same business for a short time. In 1880, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff in that county, serving for two years, when he came to Martinsville, where, becoming a partner in the saw and plan- ing mills, he manufactures doors and sashes and builders' and general mer- chandise. September 11, 1882, he was married to Hannah B. Stevens, daughter of John and Mary Stevens, citizens of Ohio. Mr. Hubbard is a member of the K. of P., and in politics is a stanch Kepublican. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church. D. P. KENNEDY, M. D., was born in Morgan County February 19, 1845, and is the son of Luke C. and Jane (Blockford) Kennedy, who were bom and married in Kentucky, but were early settlers of Jefferson Town- ship, this county, where the father still resides. The mother died in 1854, leaving seven children, of whom D. P. is the youngest. The early days of Dr. Kennedy were passed on the home farm and attending the district school. At the age of seventeen, he enlisted in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Infantry, in August, 1862, and served three years, taking part as private and non-commissioned officer in the fights at Buz- zard Boost, Eesaca, Golgotha Church and Peach Tree Creek; he was 104 days under lire in the Atlanta campaign, and went through with Sher- man to tlie sea; he saw the surrender of Johnston and was in the grand review at "Washington. At Golgotha, he was shot through the nose and mouth; his muster-out took place in June, 1865. On his return, he farmed in Jefferson Township one year; then attended and taught school two years; then commenced the study of medicine at Paragon with Dr. John Kennedy, with whom he remained nearly three years. He grad- uated from the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical College in 1870, returned to Paragon, and for seven years was in practice in partnership with his brother. In March, 1877, he came to Martinsville, where he has ever since enjoyed an extensive and lucrative patronage. He is a member of the State Eclectic Medical Society, of the G. A. R, and K. of P. , and in politics is a Kepublican. In 1871, he married Miss M. Ol'ive Chambers, who has borne him two children — Alexander E. and Park W. Mrs. Ken- nedy is a native of Hendricks County, Ind. , and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. THOMAS A. KENNEDY is the sixth son and tenth child of John and Mary K. (Alexander) Kennedy, natives of Virginia, and of Scotch-Irish descent. He was born, October 18, 1843, in Georgetown, Brown Co., Ind. His parents were married in or near Greenville, Tenn., about 1825, where they lived for seven years, removing thence to Indiana. They located in Johnson County, and in 1838, moved to Brown County. Lo- cating in Georgetown, his father followed merchandising for several years, and afterward engaged in farming, which he followed until his death in 1864; his mother is still living in Brown County at the age of seventy- eight. Thomas, when eighteen years of age, enlisted in Com- pany C, Twenty-second Indiana Volunteers, under Col. Jeff C. Davis. He~served for four years, and took part in the fights at Pea Ridge, Stone River and Mission Ridge, and in almost every encounter from the last- named battle to Peach Tree Creek, where he was made a prisoner of war, being placed in Andersonville Prison, and thence removed to Charleston, 194 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: S. C. ; then to Florence, remaining a prisoner altogether about eight months, when he was discharged under a general order. He re-enlisted and took part in the Chattanooga campaign. He went to the relief of Burnside before Knoxville, and thence returned to Chattanooga. In June, 1865, he received an honorable discharge and returned to his home in Brown County, where, in January following, he was married to Sa- mantha Davis, of Virginia. They have seven children — William D., Rosa, Clement R., Orrin and Odell (twins). Earl and Pearl (twins). After his marriage, he farmed in Brown County and then in Illinois for three years, after which he removed to Johnson County and became agent for the Singer Sewing Machine Company. In February, 1878, he came to Martinsville, where he has since resided, representing the same company. Mr. Kennedy is a member of the K. of P., and with his wife is an active member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Politically he is a Democrat. JAMES P. KENNEDY was born in Brown County, Ind., on May 3, 1846. His parents, John and Mary (Alexander) Kennedy, were na- tives of Virginia. James P. is the youngest of a family of seven chil- dren. He was reared and educated in Brown County. When he was nineteen years of age, he entered the employ of William Stafiford, a farmer in Joinson County, where he remained for one year. He was then em- ployed by George W. Ware, of Amity, to wort in a saw mill and stave factory, with whom he remained for three years. He then began farming in Johnson Couijty and continued for eight years, after which, in 1879, he sold out and came to Martinsville. He was here employed by the Singer Sewing Machine Company. In February, 1882, he formed a partnership with A. P. Shields, and purchased the "Red Cloud" saloon, where he is at present enjoying a lucrative trade. He was man-ied on December 17, 1868, to Addie Mitchell, daughter of James A. Mitchell, a citizen of Johnson County. They have four children — Willie E., Wal- ter A., Maudie and Cecil C. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy are identified with the Christian Church, and Mr. Kennedy is politically a Democrat. DR. CHARLES A.KESSINGER wasborn.February8, 1853, in Athens County, Ohio. He is the eldest child, and second son of Joseph L. and Mary (Jewett) Kessinger, natives of Ohio, who were married in their na- tive place. The father was elected Sheriff of the county in 1852, and served for four years. In 1868, he was appointed Internal Revenue Col- lector, which oflSce he filled for ten years. He served all through the war, and was commissioned Captain of the Fortieth Ohio for meritorious conduct. Charles A. Kessinger was reared in Athens County, where he received a good collegiate education in the Ohio University. In 1873, he began reading medicine with Dr. A. B. Frame, of Athens, and con- tinued for three years, during which time he graduated at the Ohio Med- ical College at Cincinnati in the spring of 1876. April 8, 1876, he was appointed Superintendent of the Ohio Penitentiary Hospital, and served five years. In March, 1883, he came to Martinsville and entered the regular practice, and is at present so engaged. On September 19, 1883^ he was married here to Jalia D. Blackstone, daughter of Dr. D. B Black- stone. Mr. Kessinger is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Parmacetia Lodge, Athens, Ohio. Politically he is a Republican. He is eminent as a practitioner and respected as a citizen. LINDEN LAUGHLIN is a native of Owen County, Ind., was born May 9, 1832, and is directly descended from William and Nancy (Mac- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 195 kindley) Laughlin, natives respectively of Tennessee and Indiana, and of Irish extraction. They were parents of four children, namely: Mary J., John, Matilda and Linden. The subject of this sketch, Linden Laugh- lin, married, January 11, 1856, in this county. Miss Mary, daughter of William and Sarah Sraver, and a native of this county, born October 25, 1835. This unipn was endeared and cemented by the blessing of two children — Francis M. and Margaret J., both of whom are deceased. Mr. Laughlin is a well-known and much-respected citizen. PBANCIS C. LLOYD is the youngest son in a family of eight chil- dren, born to Owen and Sarah (Coleman) Lloyd, natives of Ireland and Ohio, respectively. He was born in Morgan County, Ind. , September 10, 1852. His parents were married in Ohio and lived there until 1840, when they came to Indiana and located in Morgan County, on a farm of 320 acres, a part of which he entered, and where, in the full enjoyment of excellent health, they at present reside. Francis C. Lloyd was reared on the old home farm in Morgan County, where he obtained a good edu- cation in the district schools. In 1871, he went to Indianapolis and entered the wholesale and retail meat business, where he re- mained for two years. He then went to Morgan County and commenced farming there^ In 1877, he went into the meat business in Morgan- town, Morgan County; removing thence to Martinsville, he opened a meat market and after two years in this was elected Deputy Sheriff. In April, 1883, he entered the grocery business and is at present carrying on quite a successful business, one door north of the post office. In Oc- tober, 1871, he was married in Paris, 111., to Miss Margaret Norman, a daughter of Hiram and Annie Norman, old and respected citizens of Morgan County. By this union there were six children — Ira, Bertha, Edna, Edgar (deceased) Effie and Harry. Mr. Lloyd and wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. , Martinsville Lodge, No. 274, and is a Eepublican. CHARLES LONG is a native of Morgan County, Ind. , and was born July 24, 18u9, his parents being Samuel and Nancy (Smith) Long, both of whom were natives of North Carolina, and who at a very early time emi- grated to this county, where they lived until overtaken by death. Samuel Long was twice married, and was the father of twelve children — James E., Charles, Alexander, Minerva, William, Elijah, Lizah, Erastus, Eras- pus and three others. Charles, having remained in the county of his birth, married, November, 1849, Elizabeth Asher. They had a family of fourteen children — Minerva, Nancy, Alice, Qeorge (deceased), Martha (deceased), Charles, William, Alexander, Cosey, Julia, Edwin, and three who died in infancy. Mr. Long is a pleasant gentleman and a greatly respected citizen. HAEVEY McDANIEL is a native of Pulaski County, Ky., was born August 29, 1825, and is the fifth of the family of Spencer and Martha McDaniel, natives of'Virginia and Tennessee respectively. The grand- father of our subject was also a native of Virginia, where he married, and in the early time emigrated to Pulaski County, Ky. , there continuing to reside until his decease. His family consisted of Polly, William, Eliz- abeth, John and Spencer. Spencer McDaniel was born in 1782, and in Kentucky married Martha Derosset, with whom, in 1834, he moved to Monroe, and the following year to Morgan County, Ind. , where he closed his life January 21, 1871. He had been a soldier in the war of 1812, and the parent of eight children — Mary, Hardin, Elizabeth, Channa, 196 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Samantha, Julia, Clarinda and Harvey. Harvey McDaniel, January 10, 1850, married Eebeoca A. Darrell, who died May 25, 1853. He next married, March 24, 1880, Martha Owens, widow of Jacob Owens. Mr. McDaniel is the father of two children — Elizabeth (deceased) and Martha B. (now Mrs. Beattie, residing in Wisconsin). JAMES M. McGOWEN is a native of this county, was born January 3, 1840, and is one of the seven children of John and Malinda (Thomas) McGowen, natives respectively of Tennessee and Kentucky. They were married in Kentucky, whence at an early day they moved to this county, and lived the remainder of their days, having been parents of seven chil- dren — Polly A., Andrew J., Thomas, Greenberry, Sarah, Elizabeth and James M. In August, 1862, our subject enlisted in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Volunteers, in which he served until discharged, November, 1864. March 15, 1865, in Monroe County, Ind., he married Nancy A., daughter of John and Adaline Martin, from which union re- sulted seven children — John, Kebecca J., Mary B., Nancy A., James M. (deceased), Nora A. and William J. After marriage, Mr. McGowen settled here, but four years later purchased a farm in Monroe County, to which he removed, and where he remained until 1873, at which period he pur- chased and occupied his present home and farm, embracing 490 acres of valuable land. Mr. McGowen is much regarded by his neighbors. WILLIAM MA.BBB, Township Trustee, is a native of Sussex County, N. J.; was born March 8, 1822; was reared in his native county, and there maiTied November 2, 1849, to Miss Catherine Peters. In 1854, be emigrated to this State, located in this county, and engaged at carpentering in this town until 1865, when he purchased ninety acres three miles from town, and combined farming labor with his trade. In April, 1882, he was elected School Trustee, which office he now fills. Mx. Mabee is a Democrat. He enlisted as a volunteer for the Mexican war, took active part at Contreras and Churubusco, and in the latter bat- tle was wounded. Mr. and Mrs. Mabee are the parents of five children, which are thus named: Jacob, Abraham, Elizabeth (Mrs. Thomas), Katie J. (Mrs. Bergman), and Sarah H. (Mrs. Dyer). SYLVANUS MAJOE is a naitive of Morgan County, Ind., born April 26,1849, and is the second child of Noah J. and Mary E. Major. Noah J. Major is a son of William A. Major, born August 14, 1823. In 1844, he wedded Hannah Hastings, and after her decease married, in 1846, Mary E. Rudicel, to which union were born five children— Isabel, Syl- vanus, Amanda (deceased), Mary E. (deceased), and Laura. She also died, and he thereafter married in 1875 Mrs. Margaret A. Piercy. Mr. Major is a very prominent citizen, having been three times elected to the Legislature and for thirty years a member of the Christian Church. Sylvanus Major, our subject, married, March 20, 1872, Mary E., daugh- ter of Thompson and Mary J. Hendricks, and native of this county, born January 6, 1856, which union has produced five children — William H, Zora I., Amanda J. (deceased), Otis H. and Mary J. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Major settled on his farm and present home of 224 acres of valuable land. He is a much respected gentleman. HON. JAMES J. MjVXWELL was born in Morgan County, Ind , February 27, 1839, and is the eldest of the family of John and Cather- ine Maxwell, natives of Ireland. The grandfather of our subject was a native of England, who emigrated to Ireland, and thence, in 1805, to America, where he settled at Germantown, Columbia County, N. Y WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 197 About 1813, he moved to Lebanon; Ohio, thence to Dearborn County, Ind., and finally, in 1842, to Morgan County, where death laid claim to him. He was by trade a weaver, and that was his life-long business. His family comprised seven children — Robert, James, "William, Henry, Nancy, Ellen and John. John Maxwell was born in County Down, Ire- land, July 24, 1805, and was married in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1837, to Catherine Graham, bom in 1812. After marriage, Mr. Maxwell located near Lawrenceburg, Ind., and in 1838 moved to Morgan County, pur- chased land and settled in Washington Township, where he died Febru- ary, 1872. His family was as follows: Susan (deceased), Jane (deceased), Susanna, John (deceased), Robert F., Catherine and James J. James J. Maxwell was educated in the district schools in part, but which educa- tion he completed at Cincinnati. February 14, 1866, in this county, he married Cynthia A., daughter of John and Lucy Hodges, and born Jan- uary 18, 1848, a union which gave being to eight children — Josie, Min- nie (deceased). Otto (deceased), Franklin R., Howard, Nora (deceased), Mittie M. and Don. Mr. Maxwell was elected to the Legislature in 1874, ii position which he filled with honor. He is a highly respected citizen and a member of the Christian Church. JAMES H. MAXWELL is a native of Morgan County, Ind. ; was born February 6, 1855, and is the only son of James and Eleanor Max- well, natives of Dearborn County, Ind. The grandfather of our subject was a native of Ireland, who at an early day emigrated to Amer- ica, and reached Dearborn County, whence, in 1840, he moved to Morgan County, where he died in 1849, aged seventy- four years. James Max- well, his son, was born in Dearborn County September 26, 1810, and there married to Eleanor Paden, with issue of the following children: Mary J. (deceased), Martha, Eliza A., Nancy E. (deceased). Prudence M., Nancy J. and James H. In 1839, he moved to Morgan County, and died October 30, 1865. ilrs. Maxwell is still living. James H. Maxwell, since the death of his father, has had charge of the homestead farm, which he is managing in addition to forty acres of his own. He is a very excellent and intelligent young gentleman, yet unmarried and a member of the Christian Church. WILLIAM H MILLER, hardware merchant, is a native of Shelby County, Ind., and was born December 10, 1840. He was reared in his native county, and there remained until 1873; he attended the high school at Shelbyville, took a commercial course in Bryant & Stratton's College, and afterward engaged in teaching. April 21, 1861, he enlisted for three months and afterward served almost three years in Company D, Thirty-third Indiana Regiment; was later transferred to Company E, One Hundred and Thirty- seeoiid Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and took part in the following actions: Philippi, Laurel Hill, Cheat River, Wild Cat, Thompson Station, Peach Tree Creek and the- Atlanta campaign. He was discharged September 7, 1864; returned to Shelby County; was elected County Surveyor in 1866, and re-elected in 1868. December 21, 1864, he married Miss Marthena Toner, with a result of five children — Laura B., Albert L., Alice, Edgar and Mary B. At this time, Mr. Miller engaged in merchandising and dealing in grain, which he continued until 1873, when he removed to this town and purchased a hardware store. He represents himself in the firm of BTiller & Co. ; they also deal in agricultural implements, have some $10,000 invested, and do from $40,000 to 150,000 per year. Mr. Miller is a Mason and an Odd Fellow; and has, besides a good town residence, 160 acres in Jasper County, 111. 198 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: SAMUEL M. MITCHELL was bom in Charlston, Clarke County, Ind., July 7, 1814. His parents, Giles and Mary (Moore) Mitchell, were natives of Virginia and Kentucky respectively, and were married in 1807 in Kentucky. Three years later they came to Indiana, and settled in Charleston, where there was but a fort and one block-house. He followed his trade as brick-layer until 1820, when he came to Bartholomew County and remained until 1833, removing thence to Martinsville, where he built the first court house, thus continuing at his trade until his death, which occurred July 5, 1865. The mother died August 3, 1828. Samuel M. Mitchell is the third son and fourth child in a family of six children. He was reared in Clarke County until six years of age; then removed to Bartholomew County, where he remained for twelve years. He then came to Martinsville, and entered the employ of his brother, a dealer in gen- eral merchandise. He remained with him on6 year; then went to Salem, Ind., where he attended school for one year. Thence he went to Madi- son, Ind. , and afterward was appointed second clerk of the " Livingston, " a steamboat between Cincinnati and New Orleans. He returned in one year, and going to Martinsville became partner of his brother in the general merchandise store, and continued in that until 1867. He then sold his interest and formed a partnership with his son William in the same business, and is at present so engaged, enjoying a lucrative busi- ness. In June, 1867, he opened a private loan and deposit bank in Martinsville, which is still flourishing. In 1840, he was married to Jane M. Dietz, daughter of David Dietz, a citizen of Columbus, Ind. By this union there were two children — William, and Mariah J. (deceased). His wife died in January, 1846, and in December, 1849, he married Mrs. Annie Eslinger, a daughter of Jeremiah Sandy, a citizen of Gosport. By this union there were eight children, six of whom are living — Catharine, Dr. Giles S. (now of Cincinnati), Mary E., Robert B. (at present the Cashier of Mitchell's Bank), India and Anna. Mr. Mitchell and wife are members of the Christian Church, and he is Republican. JAMES V. MITCHELL, attorney at law, is a native of this county, born October 15, 1842, and was here reared. After attending the pre- liminary schools he became a student of and graduated from the State University at Bloomington in 1862, after which he began the study of law with Messrs. Barbour & Howland, and later formed a partnership with Alfred Ennis, but is now a member of the firm of Mitchell & Cox. In 1863, he married, in Monroe County, Ind., Miss Addie Draper, daughter of Jesse Draper; she died November 7, 1869, in San Jose, Cal., leaving two children— May Pearl and Dick Draper. April 26, 1871, he wedded his second wife, Mrs. Sallie F. Lawson. Mr. Mitchell was in early life a Douglas Democrat; during the war, he voted with the Repub- licans, and after the great struggle he again joined the Democratic ranks. In 1868, he was elected to the Legislature from this county by the Re- publicans, and was the only member of that party who voted and fought against the fifteenth amendment In 1871, he was elected by the Legis- lature Trustee of the Wabash & Erie Canal. Mr. Mitchell is a member of the Masonic fraternity. JOHN S. NEWBY, attorney at law, of the firm of Adams & Newby, is a native of this county, of which he is also . a citizen, and was born December 20, 1848. After attending the general schools of the county, the Mooresyille High School and the State University at Bloomington, Ind., in which he took a four years' course and from which he graduated WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 199 in the literary department as B. B. in 1873, and in the law department in 1874, in the autumn of ■which year he located in Martinsville for the practice uf his profession, and in 1877 he made a partnership with Mr. Adams. January 21, 1880, he married in Martinsville Miss Mary Miller. Mr. Newby is a Kepublican, and takes deep interest in the success of that party. He is a member of the Masonic, also of the Phi Gamma Delta, college fraternity, and of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has a farm of 120 acres in Section 28, Washington Township, one-half mile north of Martinsville, and likewise a pleasant residence in the town. WILLIAM NICHOLSON was born in Salem County, N. J., July 20, 1830. His parents, Isaac and Rebecca (Fogg) Nicholson, natives of Maryland and New Jersey respectively, were married in Philadelphia, and shortly afterward removed to Salem County, N. J., where the father carried on the manufacture of edged tools, until a few years prior to his death in 1868. The mother died in 1873. William Nicholson is the third son and fourth child in family, and was reared in New Jersey, where he obtained a good education in the schools of his native town. When tifteen years of age, he came to Milton, Wayne County, Ind. , where he learned the blacksmith's trade with his brother John, with whom he remained for three years; returning thence to New Jersey, he followed his trade until 1866, when he began the study of dentistry with his brother George, and one year later purchased the business of his brother. The spring of 1869, he removed to Wilscm County, Kan., and practiced dentistry until in 1875. He then came to Indiana, and opened an office in Xenia, Miami County, where he remained only a short time. Eemoving to Plainiield, he engaged in his practice there, and in 1878, came to Morgan County and opened an office in Mooresville, where he lived until June, 1882, when he came to Martinsville and is at present here engaged very successfully. On March 4, 1852, he was married to Emily Sickler, of Salem, N. J. They had five children — William S., Albert A. , Harriet E. , Anna B. (deceased) and an infant. His wife died August 20, 1866, an active member of the Baptist Church. On May 15, 1868, he married to Sallie B. Price, daughter of Jacob and Mary Price, of Salem, N. J. They have had four children — Mary D., Harry, Fannie and Frank (deceased). Mr. Nicholson is a member of the K. of H., Moores- ville Lodge, No. 997; in politics, he is a Kepublican, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. JOHN NUTTEEwas born in Fayette County, Ky., August 29, 1817, and is a son of Hewitt and Susan Nutter, also natives of Fayette County, Ky. Hewitt Nutter, a son of Thomas Nutter, was born in 1785; married in Kentucky, Susan Talbott, removed to Warrick County, Ind., in 1823, and thence in 1828 to Morgan County. Mrs. Nutter died in 1837, after which Mr. Nutter married Catherine Wilson, and died February 26, 1846, the father of seventeen children — thirteen by his first and four by his last wife. John Nutter came with his parents to this county, where he has since remained. August 26, 1841, he married Sarah Wilson, a native of Franklin County, and daughter of Joel Wilson, who emigrated to that county in 1811. This union was graced by three children — Harriet A. (deceased), Albert H. and an infant unnamed. After his marriage, Mr. Nutter located on a farm at Indian Creek, and in 1842 purchased a boat and ferried over White Eiver until 1849, when he purchased and occupied his present farm. He began life unaided, but now owns over 2,000 acres, being one of the most extensive farmers and stock dealers in the county. 200 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: CLEMENT H. NETTER was born in Fayette County, Ky., Decem- ber 7, 1820, and is descended from Hewitt and Susan (Talbott) Nutter, also natives of Fayette County, Ky., the former born in 1785, the latter in 1787. In 1823, they moved to Warrick County, Ind., and thence in 1828 to this county, where, in 1837, Mrs. Nutter died. Mr. Nutter died in 1846, having previously married Catherine Wilson. His family was as follows: Ellen, Rebecca, Sarah, John (deceased), Richard, Edwin, John, Cassandra, Clement H., Daniel G., David, William, Thomas, Mary A., Isaac W., Robert W., and an infant, deceased. Clement H. Nutter married in this county, November 13, 1846, Julia A., daughter of Will- iam H. and Julia Craig, and born in this county February 15, 1831; she died February 13, 1866, having borne a family of six — Sarah E., Mary A., Emma (deceased), Walter E., Hattie and William (deceased). Mr. Nutter is a greatly esteemed gentleman, and a consistent member of the Christian Church. ALBERT H. NUTTER first saw the light of this world in Morgan County, Ind., on the 2d day of May and of the year 1854. He is a son of John and Sarah Nutter, and a young man of uncommon excellence and much promise. September 2, 1875, he married Miss Charlotte T,, daughter of Thompson and Mary J. Hendricks, and a native of this county, having been born August 29, 1858. To this happy union have been born two children — William C. and Edith E. Mr. Nutter is highly respected in his community, and resides on one of the farms belonging to his father, in Section 21. HENRY H. OLDS, proprietor of the " Eureka House," was bom in this county June 6, 1840, where he was reared and has made a home. George W. Olds, father of our subject, was born in Connecticut Janu- ary 11, 1810. He came early to this county, where he married, June 6, 1834, Miss Eliza A. Wall, who died August 18, 1842, leaving two chil- dren — William (deceased) and Henry H. He next married, August 10, 1843, Miss Louisa Rudicel, which union gave being to five children — Harriet E., Francis A. (deceased), Charles W., Lina E. and Eliza Ann (deceased). Mr. Olds was a carpenter, and worked many years thereat. He built the first steam saw and grist mills in the town — the former in 1848, the latter in 1858. In July, 1861, Henry H. Olds enlisted in Com- pany K, Twenty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, which regiment was assigned to the Fifteenth Army Corps, marching to Newport News, and thence to New Orleans. He was in many skirmishes, and was wounded in the battle of Baton Rouge, which wound was severe, shattering a bone and making him a cripple. He served three years, was promoted to a First Lieutenancy, and resigned on the de'ath of his father. February 20, 1863, he married Sarah Koons, who died October 8, 1872, the mother of three children — Bittler (deceased) William A. and Perry. He next mar- ried Mrs. Alice Raniez November 23, 1873, and that year he sold his farm interest, moved to Martinsville, worked at carpentering, and in 1880 became landlord of the "Eureka House." Mr. Olds is a Free- mason, a member of the G. A. R. and a Republican, by which party he was elected, Novfember, 1882, County Recorder. WILLARD E. PARKS was born in Martinsville, November 7, 1855. He was the youngest of nine children born to Perminter M. Parks, a na- tive of North Carolina. He came to Indiana when seven years of age, and in twenty-two years was married and living in Martinsville with a family growing up around him. He was quite a prominent man in In- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 201 diana; his death occurred on July 24, 1867, in his sixtieth year. The subject of this sketch was reared in MartinsviJle, and educated in the public schools. In 1873, he entered Wabash College at Crawfordsville, which he attended for one year. In 1875, he entered Washington and Lee University at Lexington, Ky., where he stayed for one year. In 1874, he had attended the Christian University at Indianapolis one year. Shortly after he was through college, he began speculating, and is so en- gaged at present. On December 4, 1879, he was married to Miss Fannie Henderson, daughter of Ebenezer Henderson, ot Martinsville. They have two children — Myra and Robin. Mr. Parks is a member of the K. of P. Anniversary Loc^e, and also of the I. O. O. P., Martinsville Lodge, No. 274. In politics he is Democratic. EATON W. PAXSON was born in Warren County, Ohio, January 13, 1854. His parents, William and Margaret (Shrack) Paxson, natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania respectively, and of Scotch, Irish and German extraction, were married in Warren County, Ohio, in 1853. Thence, three years later, they removed to Greene Township, Morgan Co., Ind., and located on a farm of 160 acres, to which the father added 122 acres before his death, which occurred June 26, 1883. The mother is now liv- ing on the home farm, seventy-two years of age. Eaton W. Paxson is the elder of two sons, and was reared in Green Township, Morgan County, where he received a good education. When twenty years of age, he began teaching school. His iirst two years he taught in Green Township. He then entered Valparaiso Normal College, and three years later graduated. He is also a graduate of the commercial course there, ^fter this time until June, 1881, he farmed and taught school. He was then elected County Superintendent on the Democratic ticket, and in 1883, having faithfully served his term of office, he was re-elected and at present is in discharge of the duties devolving upon him. Mr. Paxson is a member of the A. F. & A. M., of the I. O. O. F.'and also of the En- campment. In September, 1875, he was united in marriage to Mary E. Koons, a native of Morgan County, and a daughter of James and Rebecca Koons, respected pioneers of Morgan County. VAN B. PEAJBOT was born in Johnson County, Ind., September 15, 1843, and is one of the thirteen children of Henry and Lovina Pearcy, natives of Kentucky and Indiana respectively. The grandfather of our subject, Robert Pearcy, was a native of Kentucky, where he married. Subsequently he removed to Jennings County, Ind., where he died about 1852. He was twice married and reared a large family. Henry Pearcy was the eldest of his father's family. He was born July 24, 1815, and after coming to Jennings County married Miss Lovina Whitsitt, then moved to Johnson County, and in the spring of 1847 to Morgan County, where he closed his life. His children were by names — Jacob, Robert, John, George, Van B., Mary, Martha, Charity, Harriet, William, Joseph, Nancy and Hiram T. Van B. Pearcy, our subject, married November 9, 1865, Miss Caroline, daughter of Charles and Louisa Hess, and a native of this county, born August 22, 1844. Shortly after marriage, Mr. Pearcy moved to Crawford County, 111., and remained until 1867, when he re- moved to this county, and located on a good farm of 139 acres, all well improved. Mr. and Mrs. Pearcy have had seven children — George R. (deceased), Charles H., John W., Wilford B., Annettie, Robert and an infant daughter (deceased). 202 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: FEANCIS P. A. PHELPS, attorney at law, was born in Jackson County, Ind., December 4. 1822. Hia parents, Geoige A. and Rebecca Phelps, removed to this county in 1824, shortly after its organization, and settled on what was subsequently the site of Brooklyn. In 1826, Mr. Phelps was elected Sheriff, the second person who held that office, and removed to Martinsville. In 1828, he was elected Clerk of the county, the second incumbent of that office, which position he held at his death, February 25, 1833, aged thirty-six. He served as Drum Major of a Bal- timore regiment in the war of 1812; his wife survived him until February 25, 1863, and, strangely true! died on the same day and month thirty years afterward. They were the parents of five chil- dren, two of whom are living and reside in Martinsville. Francis P. A. had but meager facilities for education in boyhood, yet later attended two sessions at the county seminary. At the age of twenty-one, he served as ■ Deputy Sheriff, with full management of the office. In 1846, he was elected Sheriff, re-elected in 1848, and on October 21 of that year mar- ried Miss Eleanor E. Tull; they have seven children — Zerilda, Tull, Al- len H., Francis P. A., William C, Eleanor E. and Thursa R. After this time, Mr. Phelps engaged in the drug business at Martinsville for five years, during which he studied law, engaged in its practice in 1857, and in February, 1883, was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for this district. He was a Whig, is a Republican, and a member of the Presbyterian Church. He has a good residence in town, and 220 acres adjacent. TULL PHELPS, eldest son and second child of P. P. A. Phelps, was born January 26, 1851, in Martinsville, where he was reared and educated. When nineteen years of age, he went into the employ of N. T. Cunningham, a general merchandise merchant of Martinsville, and re- mained with him for about one year. He then attended Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College at Indianapolis, where he took a course in book-keeping. Returning to Martinsville, he began the study of law with his father, which he continued for some time, afterward being again em- ployed by the same firm, in which he had formerly been as book-keeper. In 1875, he took an interest in this business, and it was continued under the firm name of N. T. Cunningham & Co. for five years, when a third interest was purchased. The business has since then been conducted under the firm name of Cunningham, Bollinger & Phelps, and is in a flourishing condition. Mr. Phelps was married December 20, 1876, to Lina E. Olds, daughter of George Olds, a pioneer of Morgan County, the Rev. W. T. Furgeson performing the ceremony, Mr. and Mrs. Phelps are identified with the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Phelps is a prom- inent member of the Republican party. JAMES PRATHER, Sk., was born in Fleming County, Ky., August 4, 1806, and is the eldest of the family of Basil and Mary (George) Prather, natives respectively of Virginia and North Carolina, the former born in 1785, the latter in 1784. They were married in Kentucky, and remained there until 1817, when they moved to Jackson County, Ind., where Mrs. Prather died in 1839. Subsequently, Mr. Prather married a Mrs. Dobson, and died in 1874, the father of six children — Susan, Mar- garet, Thomas, Elizabeth, Jane and James. February 6, 1824, in Jackson County, Ind. , James Prather married Josephine Hagard, born January 1, 1808. In 1834, he moved to Morgan County, where Mrs. Prather died August 16, 1846, and March 5, 1847, he married Mrs. Almira Taylor, widow of Simeon Taylor, a native of Plymouth County, Mass. "Mr'. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 203 Prather has been the parent of twelve children — John, Martha, Mary, Judith, Basil, Thomas, James, William, Edward, Elizabeth and two that died in infancy. JOHN PBATHEE is a native of Morgan County, Ind., was born October 10, 1849, and is a son of James H. and Susan (Townsend) Prather, both natives of Indiana, the former born in 1817, the latter in 1815. They were married in Morgan County, where Mr. Prather died in 1879, and where Mrs. Prather now resides on the homestead. Their family consisted of William E., Hannah, Eobert, Julia A. (deceased), John, George, Jennie, Amanda and Joseph. Our subject, John Prather, married, February 27, 1876, in this county, Mary E., daughter of Henry and Jane Eemer, and born February 10, 1856. The issue of this union was two children — Emma J. and James M. Mr. Prather resides at Ma- faalasville, where he is proprietor of fifty acres of superior land. He is now engaged in the lumber business, and is a reputable citizen. WILLIAM Y. PRATT was born in Henry County, Va., June 3, 1834. His parents, James A. and Leanna (Lake) Pratt, natives of Virginia, and of Irish and German descent respectively, were married in Henry County in 1832, where the father followed his trade as blacksmith until 1836, when he came to Indiana, and located in Morgan County. He worked at his trade a number of years and then began farming, which he continued until January, 1879, when he died. The mother died in March, 1850. William Pratt is the eldest child in a family of six children, and was reared in Jackson Tovraship, Morgan County, where he obtained the ru- diments of a good education. When twenty-two years of age, he began learning the carpenter's trade with E. Hilton, and worked with him for four years. He then moved to Martinsville and formed a partnership with Alfred Carver, and carried on the carpentering business with him for three years. In 1876, he was elected Justice of the Peace of Washington Township for four years, at the expiration of which time he was re-elected, and at present is in the discharge of the duties of that office. In April, 1857, he was married in Johnson County, Ind., to Lydia C. Winchester, daughter of Jordon Winchester, a citizen of Johnson County. By this union there were four children — ^Melinda J., George N., James (deceased), and Joe. Mr. Pratt is a member of the K. of P. Lodge, No. 89, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Church. In politics, he is a Re- publican. JOHN F. RAY, Justice of the Peace, is a native of Wayne County, Ky., was born January 26, 1830, and is a son of James and Polly Ray, who in that year r^ovedto Bloomington, Ind., and in 1831 to Washing- ton Township. James Ray was a carpenter, and for many years labored as such, and died in March, 1875; Mrs. Polly Ray is still living. John F. Ray learned the trade of a carpenter under his father, and followed the same for a long time. He served as Deputy Clerk of this county from 1852 to 1856, in which year he went to Kentucky, and on May 29 mar- ried Miss Angeline Bogle. He remained there until 1863, when he came again to Martinsville. Mr. and Mrs. Ray are parents of five children, namely, James D., Delia V., Jennie, John B. and Eddie. In 1872, Mr. Ray was appointed Deputy Auditor, as which he served about two years. He is politically a Democrat, and was elected in 1880 a Justice of the Peace for a four years' term. FELIX A. REINHART, Justice of the Peace, is a native of Lincoln County, N. C; was born August 17, 1815, and, is a son of John C. and 13 204 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Elizabeth L. Reinhart. .Felix was reared in that county, with the ordinary- advantages for education, and there married, October 1, 1835, Miss Mary Havner, after which he engaged in farming, and in 1838 emigrated to Morgan County, Ind. , where he also engaged in farming, and continued the same since, except 1854-55, during which years he acted as hotel- keeper. He is a member of the Grand Lodge of Odd Fellows of Indiana. He is politically a Republican; was appointed to fill a vacancy as Justice- of the Peace, and was afterward elected to the position; he has also served as Deputy Sheriff of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Reinhart have had born to them a family of seven children, of which number four are yet living — Lewis A., John C, George W. and Felix A. He and wife are members of the Christian Church. CAPT. FLETCHER D. RUNDELL, born January 5, 1839, in Rich- land County, Ohio, is the fifth son and seventh child of Hiram R. and Mercy (Wyatt) Rundell, natives of New York, and of English and French descent. His parents were married in New York, whence they moved to a farm in Richland County, Ohio, and lived until 1842, when they came- to Indiana. They entered eighty acres of land in Green Township, Mor- gan County, which they continued to improve for several years. In 1850, they removed to a farm near Morgantown, where, in November of the same year, the father's death occurred. The mother still lives in Morgan County. Capt. Rundell was reared at home until after his father's death, and he was then employed to help on a farm in the immediate neighbor- hood. He kept this situation until in 1860, when he began learning the carpenter's trade in Morgantown, continuing until 1861.* He enlisted in April, 1861, in Company K, Seventh Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. J. K. Scott, and on September 12, 1861, he enlisted in the three years' service in Company G, Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. . J. R. Fessler. He served nearly four years, and took part in the follow- ing engagements: Philippi, Laurel Hill, Carrick's Ford, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Atlanta, and a. large number of smaller engagements. After the battle of Antietam, he was promoted to Second Lieutenant April 5, 1863, he was promoted to First Lieutenant for meritorious conduct, and soon after to the rank of Captain. He received an honorable discharge November 4, 1864, and returning to Morgantown was soon afterward married to America A. Holman, daughter of William P. Holman, of Morgan County. By this union there was one child, Chester Q. His wife died August 12, 1867. On June 17, 1870, he mar- ried Mary A. Moran, daughter of John Moran, an old citizen of Martins- ville. They have one child, Eunice May. In 1867, the Captain came to Martinsville, and has since resided there, engaged in carpentering. He is a Past Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, and is politically a Re- publican; and he and wife are members of the Methodist Church. ALFRED W. SCOTT is a native of Fayette County, Ind., having been born on the 8th of November, 1856. He was reared on a farm near Connersville, in this State, and attended the common schools of his county, an academy at Spiceland, and later the State University at Bloomington, from which he graduated, after a four years' course, in 1881. Previous to his collegiate course, he had studied law at Indian- apolis. In 1881, he came to Martinsville and engaged in the practice of the legal profession. Recently, he formed a partnership with Mr. Phelps, and is now Deputy Prosecuting Attorney for this judicial district. In politics, he is an earnest and active Republican; he is also a member of the L 0. O. F. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 205 ISAAC D. SH^PPAED was born October 30, 1811, in Cumberland County, N. J. His parents, Harvey and Amelia (Davis) Shep- pard, natives of New Jersey, came to Indiana in 1818, and located near Madison, removing thence, in 1834, to Martinsville, Morgan County, Ind., where, in 1852, the father died. The mother died in 1880, in Franklin, Ind. Isaac D. Sheppard is the eldest in a family of five children, and was reared on a farm near Madison, Ind. He received his education in the district schools in the neighborhood, and when fifteen years of age began to learn harness-making in Madison. After five and a half years of serv- ice, he worked in various places until 1834, when he came to Martins- ville. He here opened a harness shop, and at the present time is doing a successful business. Mr. Sheppard is a member of the Eepublican party. He was married, in September, 1836, to Thurza TuU, of Martins- ville, and he and wife are identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are active workers in its cause. By their union they have three chil- dren — William, James and Letitia. ' JAMES S. SHEPPAED is the second son and child of Isaac D. and Thurza (Hess) Sheppard, natives of New Jersey and Kentucky respect- ively. He waff born November 11, 1839, in Martinsville, Morgan County, Ind. James Sheppard was reared in Martinsville, where he ob- tained a good English education. When thirteen years of age, he en- tered his father's harness shop, and began learning the trade, at which he worked until June 16, 1862, when he enlisted in Company C, Six- teenth Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. Paul J. Beachbard. He served more than three years, participating in the battles at Eichmond, Ky., Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg (Eed Eiver campaign). Black Eiver, Sabine Cross Eoads, and some few others. After the close of the war, he returned to his home, where he resumed his trade, which, in 1875, he gave up, becoming a partner of N. T. Cunningham, of Mar- tinsville, in the general merchandise business. He continued in the business for five years, when, his health failing, he sold his interest and retired from business for one year. In January, 1881, he became agent for piainos and organs in MartinsVille, and at present is so engaged very Buccessfally. On September 19, 1867, he was married to Lydia S. Me- ginnis, a daughter of the Eev. William Meginnis, one of the oldest Methodist ministers in the Indiana conference. By this union there are two children — Harry A. and Lulie A. Mr. Sheppard is a member of the L O. O. F. Lodge, No. 274, and also of the G. A. E. Politically, he is a Eepublican. JOHN SHEEEEE is a native of Morgan County, Ind., was born November 15, 1838, and is the son of Joseph and Phebe Sheerer, both natives of Ireland, who were brought to America when very young. They were married in Washington County, Md., April 30, 1837, and the same year moved to Morgan County, Ind. , and settled near Mar- tinsville, where Mr, Sheerer was killed by the limb of a tree falling upon him March 29, 1842. Mrs. Sheerer subsequently married a Mr. Thomas MoClure, with whom she moved to Martinsville for a time, and then re- turned to her present abode; Mr. McClure died January 11, 1867. Mrs. McClure is the mother of eight children, two by her former husband, John, and Eobert (deceased), and six by her latter husband — Nancy A. (deceased), Lida, Isabel W., Francis, Martha A. and Thomas. John Sheerer, our subject, was married in this county, May 17, 1872, to Maria J. Morbley, and afterward settled on the old homestead, which is still 206 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: his home. This wife died October 15, 1872, and March 16, 1879, Mr. Sheerer wedded Sarah Stewart. Mr. and Mrs. Sheerer have no family, but have a good home of 180 acres of excellent land. ABEL P. SHIELDS was born in Bartholomew County, Ind., October 8, 1842. His parents, Samuel and Elizabeth (Roberts) Shields, natives of North Corolina and Indiana respectively, were married in Indian^ in 1 838, and located on a farm near Columbus, Ind. , where they lived until their deaths — the mother's occurring in 1859, the father's in 1875. Abel P. is the second son and child in a family of five children, and was reared in Bartholomew County until twenty years of age, when he enlisted in Company D, Sixty-seventh Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. Abbott. He served for two years, and took part at Munfordville (where he was captured, and soon after paroled, then discharged), Yazoo Swamps (near Vicksburg), Arkansas Post, Yicksburg, the battle between Alexandria and Brashear City (where he with his regiment was captured; after remaining in prison for thirteen days he escaped, and finally reached his own line), Cross Eoads, Plainfield and the entire Red River campaign. In July, 1864, he received an honorable discharge at Baton Rouge, La. , and re- turned to his home, where he commenced work on his father's farm, re- maining about two years. On February 25, 1865, he was married to Margaret Davis, daughter of Enoch Davis, a eitizen of Brown County. They have one child — Elizabeth Luella. After his marriage, he farmed for eight years, and then went to Edinburg, Ind., where he act^d for two years as agent for the Singer Sewing Machine Company. He soon after- ward came to Martinsville and acted in the same capacity until February, 1882, when he purchased the Red Cloud Saloon, which he is now running. He is a Democrat. MAXVILLE SHIREMAN is a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Shuf- ford) Shireman, and was born in Lincoln County, N. C, November 2, 1821. In 1835, his parents removed to Morgan County, Ind., where Max- ville grew to manhood. March 6, 1846, he married Miss Sarah, daughter of Archibald and Margaret Cramer. After his marriage, he settled on the farm which is now his home, and which he has improved to be a good property, embracing a territory of 317 acres of superior land. Mr. Shireman is an honorable and esteemed citizen, and the parent of thirteen children — Emeline, Henry, Archibald, Mahala, Lewis, Andrew, James, Margaret, Robert, Edward, Dayton, Harry and one unnamed. HENRY SHIREMAN, Sr., is a native of Lincoln County, N. C, was born December 18, 1823, and is a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Shufibrd) Shireman, both natives of North Carolina — the former born in 1783, the latter in 1789. They were married in Lincoln County, and in 1835 emigrated to Morgan County, Ind., where they made a local habi- tation. Mrs. Shireman died March 81, 1846, after which Mr. Shireman married Catherine Clodfelter, and died in Washington Township, the father of the following family: Polly, Anna, Barbai-a, Daniel, Elizabeth, Rhoda, Maxville, Catherine, Michael, Susan, John S. and Henry. Our subject, Henry Shireman, on the 13th of April, 1854, married Miss Maria, a daughter of Isaac and Lydia Deturk. After his marriage, Mr. Shire- man purchased and located on the farm he yet holds. He is now owner of more than 500 acres of land, and is comfortably and independently situated. Mr. and Mrs. Shireman have been the parents of ten children — Mary E., Louisa A., William A., Ellen A., Isaac (deceased), Charles E., Harriet C, Maxville, Flora B. and Eugene C. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 207 HENKY SHIKEMAN, Je., is a native of Morgan County, Ind. ; was born November 13, 1849, and is one of the thirteen children born to MaxviUe and Sarah Shireman, of this county. October 28, 1874, he married Margaret, daughter of John and Martha Rothwell, and a native of this county, born December 3, 1856. In 1876, Mr. Shireman moved to the farm he now occupies. He is a very promising young man, greatly esteemed anji liberally educated, having taught successfully six succes- sive terms of school. Mr. and Mrs. Shireman are the parents of four children — Frederick, Martha, Sarah and an infant son, which died before receiving a name. Mr. Shireman is a member of the order of Odd Fellows. ABRAHAM SIMMS is a native of Surrey County, N. C, was born April 29, 1820, and was the third of the family of John and Frances Simms, both natives of North Carolina, the former born August 8, 1793, the latter May 18, 1784. They were married in Surrey County October 27, 1814; in 1832, moved to Shelby County, Ky., and, in 1833, to Hen- dricks County, Ind., and one year later to Morgan County, locating on the identical farm now occupied by the subject of this sketch, where they both closed their lives, he August 22, 1837, and she September 3, 1854. They reared a family of five — Cyrus, Elizabeth, Matthew, Nim- rod and Abraham. Abraham Simms came with his parents to this county in 1834, where he grew to manhood and married, March 29, 1843, Miss Ellen, daughter of Daniel and Sophia Graver, who died April 15, 1877, having been the mother of five children — Sarah J. (deceased), Catherine, Sophia, Susanna and George W. Mr. Simms is sole owner of the home- stead created by his father; he is a member of the Baptist Church, an excellent man and a respected citizen. HENRY A. SMOCK, attorney at law, is a native of Marion County, Ind., was born October 11, 1847, and is a son of Abraham V. and Re- becca J. (Brenton) Smock, the former a native of Kentucky. Henry was reared in Iowa, whither his parents had removed, and where they after- ward died. After working on a farm he learned the trade of a printer, at which he was employed in several large cities before coming, in 1870, to Martinsville, where he worked in the Republican office, then purchased a half interest therein, continued until 1874, when he sold said interest to considerable advantage after he had raised the paper to be a first-class one. November 11, 1873, he married Miss Dora T. Barnard, and they have had born to them three children — Thomas B., Mary I. (deceased) and Antoinette. In 1875, Mr. Smock began the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1880, forming a partnership with Mr. Ferguson; they are doing a good practice. Mr. Smock also manages the real estate of the Northwestern Life Insurance Company. He is an active Repub- lican, and has served as Secretary of the Central Committee of this county since 1880. Mr. Smock is a Knight of Pythias, and owner of a good farm five miles north of town. THOMAS M. SOMERVILLE, a native of Indiana, was born in Eipley County March 30, 1841. His parents, Thomas W. and Sarah (McCreery) Somerville, natives of Pennsylvania and Ireland respectively, were married in Versailles, Ripley County, and shortly afterward settled in Penoaylvaniaburg, where the father farmed, and has since resided. He is sixty- seven years of age. His wife is sixty- four years old. Thomas M. is the eldest son and second child in a family of five. He wau reared and educated in his native county. When twenty years of ■208 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: age, he enlisted in Company D, Sixteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, tinder Capt. J. C. McQuistine. After his return from the war, he entered the employ of the I. C. & L. E. E. Company as brakeman for three months, and was then promoted to conductor. He remained in this capacity until 1872, when he was put in charge of the yards of the same com- pany at Indianapolis. After two years in this, he again took charge of a train as conductor. On February 14, 1881, he was appointed General Manager of the F. F. & M. E. E., which position he has since filled. He was married in Versailles, Eipley County, to Maggie Mathes, daughter of Andrew Mathes, a citizen of Dearborn County. By this union there are three children — Flora E , Melville D., Elmer W. Mr. Somerville is a member of the A., F. & A. M., Lawrenceburg Lodge, No. 21; of the I. O. E. M., Eed Cloud Tribe, No. 18, at Indianapolis. Is a Eepublican, and he and wife are members of the Baptist Church. JESSE E. STAEKEY, second son and third child in a family of nine children, was born August 12, 1849, in Madison County, 111. His parents, Joel W. and Jane C. (Hagerman) Starkey, natives of Illinois and Indiana respectively, were married in Illinois in 1844, and located on a farm in Madison County, where they lived until 1869. Eemoving thence to a farm in Logan County, they have since resided there. Jesse Starkey was reared and educated in his native county. When he was twenty years of age, he entered Lincoln University at Lincoln, 111., from which he graduated in 1874 after four years of hard study. During the winter following (1874-75), he was Principal of the schools at Broad- well, 111. , and during the two succeeding winters taught select school in Boyle County, Ky. In the fall of 1876, he took the Princi])alship of the Martinsville Schools, where he at present resides. On December 21, 1876, he was married to Phibbie H. Caldwell, daughter of E. H. Cald- well, a resident of Boyle County, Ky. By this union there have been four children — Lucy C. (deceased), Ella, Horace L. and Eussell I. Mr. Starkey is a member of the I. O. O. F., Martinsville Lodge, No. 274, and in polities is a Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Starkey are members of the ■Cumberland Presbyterian Church. E. F. STIMSON was born in Iredell County, N. C, December 13, 1829, and is the fifth of the eighteen children of Henry E. and Annie L. (Brandon) Stimson, natives of Halifax County, Va., where they mar- ried and afterward moved to Iredell County, N. C. In 1845, they moved to Monroe County, Ind., and there remained till death. Their children were Eobert T., Sarah J., Elizabeth, George, Erasmus F., Maiy A., John W., Henry A., Lafayette, William, Louisa, Joseph, Wilbur, Edward, and others who died in infancy. E. F. Stimson moved with his parents to Monroe County, and in 1856 removed to Morgan County, where, June 10, 1860, he married Mercy A., daughter of Jacob and Mahala Vansickel, and a native of Morris County, N. J. To this union were born nine children— Jacob, Harry, Louisa (deceased), Dayton C, Anson E., Maha- la, Mary, Anson M. (deceased), and Evalina. In 1861, Mr. Stimson en- listed in Company G, Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until September, 1864. After his discharge, he moved to his present place and engaged in farming. Mr. and Mrs. Stimson are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Chiurch. AUSTIN SWEET is a native of Fleming County, Ky., was born August 16, 1831, and is the youngest of the three children of Benjamin .and Harriet (Mills) Sweet, natives respectively of Kentucky and Vir- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 209 ginia. Benjamin Sweet was born in 1798, his father, William Sweet, hav- ing been one of the earliest pioneers of Fleming County, Ky., and the parent of eight sons and two daughters. Benjamin moved to Morgan ■County, Ind., in 1834, where he and wife closed their lives. Our sub- ject, Austin Sweet, married in this county, November 22, 1855, Hannah K., daughter of John and Isabel Clark, and born March 11, 1838. This union gave being to six children — Benjamin F., Halleck (deceased), Ed- ward M., Harriet A., Ann (deceased) and Otis A. Mr. Sweet is a worthy and genial gentleman, as well as a respected citizen. EOBEET H. TARLETON, M. D., druggist, was born in Mason County, Ky., March 24, 1822, and reared in Brookville, in that State. During his boyhood, he attended the schools of the day, and when seven- teen one of a higher grade. At the age of twenty-one, he removed to Missouri, but soon returned to Kenfcuc%, and engaged in teaching and in the study of medicine. In 1846, he located as a practitioner near Edinburg, Ind.; in 1847, came to this county, and in 1849 attended lect- ures at and in 1850 graduated from the Ohio Medical College, during which year he removed to Kentucky and there married Miss Maria Pra- ither April 18, 1850. He then located at Patriot, Ind., where be lost his wife in 1851, and afterward came to this town, where he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession, together with the drug busi- ness,' which he established in 1852, in which he has now a partner in his nephew, W. B. Tarleton, and does a business of from 115,000 to 118,000 annually. March 2, 1852, he married Miss Elizabeth S. Wampler, with an issue of eight children — Carrie, Emma J. B., Harriet S., James W., Harry H., Edgar, June and Maurice. In 1867, he laid out the beautiful Hillsdale Cemetery. In addition to his store building. Dr. Tarleton owns a fine residence and other property. He is a member of the Ma- •sons and a Democrat. In 1879, he was appointed Trustee of the Indiana Hospital for the Insane, and re-nominated in 1881. WILLIAM B. TAYLOR was born in Lawrence County, Ind. , Sep- tember 15, 1819. His parents, Joshua and Mary (Armstrong) Taylor, natives of Virginia and Kentucky respectively, came to Indiana in 1809, and settled on a farm in Washington County, where they remained for •eight years, removing thence to Lawrence County. In February, 1821, they came to Morgan County, locating on a farm one mile from Martins- ville. In 1834, the mother died, and ten years later the father, with his •children, moved to Green Township, where he died in June, 1855. William B. Taylor is the fourth son and seventh child in a family of •eleven children reared in Morgan County, and when fifteen years of age he began learning the blacksmith trade. After one year at this, he worked for the neighboring farmers until 1839. He then worked on a flat-boat between New Orleans and Martinsville for Mitchell Bros, until 1842. For some time he worked in lead mines in Wisconsin, and in Au- gust, 1845, he was married to Jane Estlinger, a native of Washington County, Ind. They have two children — Mary A. and Sarah A. His wife died in November, 1854, and one year later he was married to Caro- line Hough. By this union there is one child, Lillie. After his first marriage, he farmed near Martinsville, in Washington Township, for nine years, and then sold his farm and purchased another one in Green Township. Here he farmed for thirteen years. In 1869, he began trad- ing in stock, and at present resides in Martinsville, engaged in the same way. Mr. Taylor is an active member of the Republican party. He 210 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: was „„= County CommiBsioner for two years, re-elected, and served six years longer He was Township Trustee for two years. He filled tbe unex- pired term of office for Mr. Perham (deceased) in 1861, and was again elected in 1862 and 1863, and again in 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are members of the Cumberland Church. o iqi'7 JOHN THOMAS is a native of Tennessee, was born January I, loJ /, and is the eldest of the ten children of Peter and Sarah Thomas, both of whom were natives of North Carolina, John Thomas, the subject of this sketch, came with his parents to this State in 1823, who settled in this county, and here John has remained. April 1, 1841, he married Miss Nancy, a daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Maxwell, and born in this county November 11, 1823. After his marriage Mr. Thomas located in this township, where he has since made his home. Mrs. Thomas died October 17, 1859, and March 31, 1861, Mr. Thomas married Mrs. Lucy J., widow of Joshua King, and a daughter of Henry and Mary Harper. Mr. Thomas is the parent of three children — Sarah, Harrison and an infant daughter, which died unnamed. Mr. Thomas is a generally respected citizen. ELI THOMAS was born in Morgan County, Ind., on the farm on which he still resides October 15, 1830, and is a son of Peter and Sarah Thomas, both natives of Orange County, N. C, the former born Decem- ber 15, 1791, the latter May 3, 1795. The grandfather of our subject, Abram Thomas, was a native of Wales, who emigrated to America during the last century an(? settled in North Carolina, where he married, reared a family of nine children and passed away. Peter Thomas married, in 1816, Miss Sarah Graves, soon after settled near Knoxville, Tenn. ; in 1818, moved to Clarke County, Ind, and thence in 1822 to Morgan County, where he died December 2, 1868, and his wife December 25, 1878. They were parents of ten children — John, Henry, Daniel, Solomon, Lucinda, Louisa, Eli, George W., Elizabeth and Nancy A. Eli Thomas married, December 2, 1855, Miss Ruth, daughter of Abraham and Nancy A. Huff, and a native of Monroe County, Ind., born May 14, 1831. After mar- riage, Mr. Thomas settled on a small farm previously purchased, and in 1869, having purchased the homestead, moved thereon. In 1864, he en- listed in Company C, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteers, and served until the struggle ended. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas have had six children — Albert W. , Nancy E. (deceased), Sarah E. , Mary E., Francis M. (deceased), and an infant (still-born). ELI THOMAS, Jr., is a native of Morgan County, Ind., was born September 11, 1852, and is a son of Daniel Thomas, also a native of said county. Daniel Thomas was twice married, and the parent of nine chil- dren, viz. : By the first wife five — Eliza, Elizabeth, Allen, John and Eli, all of whom are deceased except the subject of this writing; by the sec- ond wife four children — Sarah, David D., Susanna and Charles W., all of whom are living. Eli Thomas married in this county December 31, 1874, Miss Anna L., daughter of William and Katie Maybee, and born February 2, 1857, a union which was conspicious in the birth of four children — Bertha M. (deceased), Charles O., Daisy (deceased), and Ger- tie. Mr. Thomas is an energetic and genial gentleman, and much es- teemed among his fellow- citizens. HARRISON THOMAS is a native of Morgan Coijnty, Ind., was born April 25, 1852, and is one of the family of three children born to John and Nancy Thomas. October 28, 1875, our subject married Miss Martha A., daughter of John and Martha Bothwell, and a native of this county, WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 211 born July 4, 1854. This union has been endeared by the birth of two children — John and Harry. Mr. Thomas is a most promising and greatly regarded gentleman, as well as practical and enterprising farmer. His farm comprises 215 acres of rich and cultivated land. AMOS THOENBTJEG, of the firm of Thornburg & Small, dealers in grain and proprietors of the Union Mill and Elevator, was born in this county February 27, 1827, and likewise reared here. His father, Benja- min Thornburg, was born near Harrodsburg, Ky., September 25, 1797; reared in Washington County, Ind., and in 1822 removed to this county; settled near Brooklyn, and entered in all 160 acres, 100 of which are now in cultivation. He was rigidly temperate, and thus set a fair example to the pioneers; a life-long member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, also an exhorter and class-leader; he was an old-time Whig, and later a Ee- publioan. In 1817, he married a Miss Susan Monical, who died in 1876, having borne fourteen children, seven of whom survive — Eachel (Mrs. Moon), Hannah (Mrs. Davis), Amanda (Mrs. Hornor), Ada (Mrs. Dryden), John BL, Peter F. and Amos. Our subject engaged in farming for his father several years, and in 1856 purchased sixty acres in Brown Town- ship, to which he added forty afterward. He continued farming until 1877, when he moved to this town and engaged successfully in the mill- ing line, having one of the best mills in the country, with buhr and roller combined. Their elevator is also very superior, having capacity of 40,000 bushels; they can, too, load and weigh a car of wheat in eight minutes. Mr. Thornburg has been twice married — first, April 10, 1854, to Miss Caroline E. Doughty, of Vermont, who died January, 1876, leav- ing three living children — James D., Benjamin E. and Albert M.; second, October 3, 1877, to Mrs. Amanda B. Wilson. Mr. Thornburg is an Odd Fellow, a Eepublican and strictly temperate and prudent. SALEM A. TILFOED, M. D., was born in Jefferson County, Ind., Feb- ruary 2, 1827, with good opportunities for education in the Madison High School. In 1845, he took up the study of medicine under Dr. J. H. D. Eogers, of Madison; afterward attended lectures at the University of Louisville and the Indiana Medical College, at Indianapolis; graduated from the latter, and took the ad eundem degree in 1879. In 1848, he located here and has continued his practice successfully. November 28, 1849, he married Miss Emeline Major, who died in May, 1853, leaving' one child — Ella E., now a well-known teacher in this county. April 1, 1857, he married Miss Ann Wolfe, which union was favored with eleven children — Isabel, Benjamin W., Lulie, Jennie, Ann, Alex S., Mary, Jo- seph W., Amanda, Harry and Eoy E. Dr. Tilford was a Whig, but afterward became a Republican; was zealous during the war, but later affiliated with the Democrats, by which party he was elected, in 1870, Auditor of Morgan County, having served about eighteen months pre- viously as said officer. Dr. Tilford is a Chapter Mason. When he came first to this town there were only 350 souls therein. BENJAMIN W. TILFOED, physician and dniggist was born in this town November 8, 1859, where he was reared and attended the high school. In 1878, he began the study of medicine under his father's in- struction; also attended lectures at the Indiana Medical College at In- dianapolis in 1879 and 1880; graduated in March, 1881; came home to Martinsville, and in the autumn engaged in the drug trade. He has a $2,000 stock, and has done, a satisfactory business. 212 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: J. E. TONER, a native of Shelby County, Ind., was born on January 21, 1841, and is the son of John and Nancy (Parker) Toner, natives of Pennsylvania and Kentucky respectively. The father still resides in Shelby County, the mother having died in 1856, leaving four children, of whom our subject is one. The father subsequently remarried, and has four children by his last wife. One subject was engaged in early life on the farm and attending school; later entered the Northwestern (now But- ler) University, at Indianapolis. From this university he enlisted in April, 1861, in Company D, Seventh Indiana Infantry (three months' service), went to Virginia and was a participant in the battles of Philippi, Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford. Returning home after his time expired, he re-enlisted for three years in Company D, Thirty-third Indiana In- fantry, proceeded with his regiment to Kentucky, and participated in the battle of Wild Cat, siege of Mill Spring and Cumberland Gap. At the latter place he was laken prisoner by Morgan, held for seven weeks, when he was paroled and sent to Columbus, Ohio, Parole Camp, where he re- mained four weeks, and then decamped and came home. On January 8 following, he was exchanged, and returned to his regiment at Nashville, Tenn. He with his command took part in the battle of Thompson's Sta- tion, where a large portion of his regiment was captured by the enemy. Our subject, with about eighty others, escaped. Returning to Franklin, he was discharged for disability, and again returned home. In January following he again re-enlisted in Company D, Sixteenth Indiana (mounted) Infantry, served sixteen months, and was engaged in the siege of Vicks- burg, in the Red River campaign, and at the battle of Sabine Cross Roads. After his regiment's term of service expired, he was transferred to Company C, 'J hirteenth Indiana Cavalry, and served with it until De- cember, 1865, when he was mustered out at Vicksburg, Mies. He was wounded at Thibodeaux, La. , in the left leg, the enemy's bullet severing the main artery near the groin. Upon his return home, he assisted his father on the farm until he was twenty-seven years old. On September " 24, 1867, he was married to Sophia Salla, a native of Rush County, Ind. Then for seven years he farmed for himself in Shelby County. In 1875, he came to Martinsville and embarked in the grocery trade, continuing nine years, when he purchased the Mason House, and has since beencon- , ducting it. This is the only first-class hostelry in town. Mr. Toner is a Republican, and served as Chairman of the City Council seventeen months. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., the K. of P., and of the G. A. R. He and wife are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Toner have five children living--Ottway C, Edward, John, Grace and Annis; an infant deceased. He is one of the liberal and en- terprising citizens of Martinsville. ERVIN TOWNSEN.D, a son of Silas and Hannah Townsend, was born in Washington County, Ind., November 20, 1820. The grand- father of our subject, William Townsend, was a native of South Caro- lina; moved to Washington County, Ind., in 1810, and to Morgan County in 1821, where he died. He was a soldier for seven years in the Revolu- tionary war. Silas Townsend married in Washington County, Ind., Hannah Nogles, about 1813, who died in 1821. In 1822, Mr. Townsend moved to Morgan County, where he married Susan Thacker, after which he removed to Louisville, Ky., and ended his days. He was father to five children— Robinson, Susan, Huston and Ervin by first wife, and Martha by second wife. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Ervin WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 213 Townsend came to Morgan County with his grandparents, with whom he remained until December 31, 1840, when he married Mary A., daughter of Kichard and Rebecca Deakins, and a native of Washington County, Tenn., born May 25, 1825. After marriage, Mr., Townsend settled in this township, where he has an improved farm of 240 acres. Mrs. Townsend died June 5, 1883, having borne twelve children — Sarah J., Thomas J., Martha, William, Franklin P., James (deceased), Rebecca, Emma 1'., John, Hattie, Maggie and Nora B. Mr. Townsend is an esteemed citizen. THOMAS J. TOWNSEND, sou of William and Mary Townsend, natives of North Carolina, was born May 16, 1840, in this township. His par- ents were married in South Carolina, and immigrated to Indiana, locating in Washington County, whence they shortly afterward removed to Mor- gan County, and settled on a farm in Washington Township, where the father farmed until 1847. He then removed to Missouri and remained until the spring of 1857, when he returned with his family to Morgan County. In the fall of 1857, the father died. The mother in November, 1865. Thomas Townsend was reared in his native county, and educated in Missouri. When seventeen years of age, he returned to Morgan County with his parents, finally locating on a farm of 130 acres in Washington Township, which he inherited upon his father's death. He remained there for twenty-three years, when he removed to Martinsville, where he at present resides. In 1863-64, he served as Township Assessor. He also served several times as Supervisor of Roads in the township. On December 13, 1860, he was united in marriage to Melinda J. Cox, daughter of John L. Cox, an old and respected citizen of Morgan Coun- ty. By this union, there have been eight children — Mary E. (deceased), William L., Thomas A., Ruth A. (deceased), Viola (deceased), Maggie, Nettie and Lillie. Mr. Townsend is a Republican. SAMUEL TUCKER was born in Henry County, Ky., May 26, 1819, and is a son of James and Mary (Kitoher) Tucker, natives respectively of Ireland and Virginia. James Tucker emigrated from Ireland to America and settled in Payette County, Ky., when twenty one years old, where he married. In 1836, he moved to Marion County, Ind., located near Indianapolis, and shortly after died, his wife surviving him about twelve years. Their family consisted of Robert, William, James, Har- vey, Margaret, James R., Stephen, Sarah and Samuel. When Samuel was eighteen years of age, he became an apprentice to the cabinet-mak- ing trade, after completing which, in 1839, he moved to Martinsville, worked for a time, and then commenced business for himself, which he continued a number of years. April 23, 1843, he married Sarah C, daughter of Jeremiah and Nancy Vincent, and born in Franklin County, Ind., February 2, 1823. To this union were bequeathed a family rif eight — ^Nancy A. (deceased), Ledgard R., Clarinda, Rees H., Isaac W., Ida A., Palmanora and Lily P. In 1865, Mr. Tucker moved to Indian- apolis and engaged in hotel-keeping one year, then returned to Martins- ville and purchased the Mason House, which he managed eighteen months, and finally moved to his present home and farm. Mr. and Mrs. Tucker are members of the Christian Church. REV.. AARON TURNER was born in Greene County, Ohio, June 4, 1835. His parents, Joseph and Mary (Burnsides) Turner, natives of Ohio, were married in Ohio in 1830, removing thence, in 1849, to Rush County, Ind. His father, a Methodist minister, resides in Pike County, 214 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Ind., at the advanced age of neventy-three years. The mother died in 1849. The subject was the third son and fourth child in a family of fourteen children, and was reared in his native county until fourteen years of age, removing thence to Rush County, Ind., where he taught school for two years. In 1857, he entered the ministry at the Annual Conference, held at New Albany, over which Bishop Morris presided. His first appointment was on the Poseyville Circuit, where he remained for one year, then receiving an appointment to Owensville Circuit. At the end of his first year at Owensville he was ordained " Deacon " at Bloomington, Ind., by Bishop Scott. His third appointment was Sullivan Station, where he remained for two years. After his first year at Sullivan, he was ordained " Elder " by Bishop Simpson at Bockport. He was at Grreencastle, during which time he was appointed agent for the Asbury University, which position he filled for two years; for the past five months has been located in Martinsville. In 1870, the Wesleyan University conferred upon him the degree of "A. M.," and in June, 1883, the Asbury University conferred upon him the degree of "D. D. " In October, 1858, he was married to Mary E. Van Sickle, daughter of Jacob Van Sickle, a pioneer of Morgan County. There was one child by this union, Luella (deceased). His wife died in 1861. August 21, 1866, he married Lucy Bowles, daughter of Henry Bowles, of Evansville, Ind. By this union there are two children, Helen and Jessie. Kev. Aaron Turner is a mem- ber of the A. F. & A. M. , also of the K. of P. , and is a Republican. JOHN A. WAGNER is a native of Germany, was bom July 6, 1821, and is a son of Adam F. and Wilhelmina Wagner. In 1848, he emigrated with his mother to America, his father having died in his native country in 1840. January 2, 1849, in Onondaga County, N. Y., our subject married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Adam and Hannah Ditze, and born May 6, 1824. Shortly after his marriage, Mr. Wagner moved to the State of Ohio, thence to Indianapolis, Ind., and finally, in 1865, to Morgan County, where he has since resided. Mr. Wagner is the owner of 183 acres of very excellent land, which is well improved and cultivated. Mr. and Mrs. Wagner are the parents of five children — Catherine, Charlie, Frank, John and Louisa. Both are highly respected in their community. GEORGE M. WALKER is a native of Monroe County, Va., was bom October 5, 1830, and is a son of Goodlow and Rebecca (Henderson) Walker, both natives of Virginia; the former bom 1800, the latter 1804. Goodlow Walker was a son of George Walker, also a native of Virginia, who married a Miss Adams, then moved to Tennessee, and finally to Madison County, Ind, where he died He was twice married and the father of ten children. Goodlow Walker moved to Hendricks County, Ind., in 1835, and there died in 1864, the father of five children, James D., Harriet S., Clarinda J., John E. and George M. Our subject mar- ried, October 6, 1853, Mary T., daughter of John M. and Martha E. (Branch) Satterwhite, and bom March 27, 1836. In 1851, Mr. Walker moved to Montgomery County, Ind., and September, 1862, enlisted in Company F, Fifty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Regiment, in which he served until Deceinber, 1863, during which time his family moved to Martins- ville, where our subject made a home after his discharge from the service. He is now serving most satisfactorily as Superintendent of the Poor. Mr. and Mrs. Walker have a family of seven children— James H., Susan M., Ida T., Louisa E., George, Nettie B. and William A. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND MARTINSVILLE. 215 A. B. WALKER, eldest son of Michael and Mary (Andrews) Walker, natives of Maryland and Ohio, respectively, was bom in Johnson County, Ind., October 20, 1855. His parents located in Milford, Ohio, after marriage, where the father followed his trade of cooper for a short time, removing thence to Indianapolis, where he began the manufacture of barrels. His property there being destroyed by fire, he went to Franklin, Ind., his present residence. A. B. Walker was reared in Johnson County, Ind. He received a good education in the graded schools at Franklin, and at the age of seventeen, was employed by the F. F. & M. E. E. in the office of John M. Johnson, at Franklin. Two years later, he was appointed agent at Martinsville for the same road, and is at pres- ent acting in that capacity. In 1878, he began buying timber and for two years past he has also been dealing in coal. In August, 1883, he built a factory for the manufacture of hubs, spokes and staves, and has thus far been very successful. In February, 1882, he was married to Louisa A. Clapper, daughter of W. Q. and Martlia Clapper, Martins- ville. Mr. Walker is a charter member of the K. of P., Anniversary Lodge, No. 89, is a Bepublican, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. F. M. WAENER is second of four children bom to Andrew J. and Judith (Lockhart) Warner, natives of Kentucky. He was bom in this township August 3, 1842. His parents located on a farm in Morgan County after marriage, where they lived for some time, removing thence to a farm one mile south of Martinsville. Four years later, they moved to Martinsville, where the mother at present resides. F. M. Warner remained with his parents until nineteen years of age. He received his education in the graded schools at Martinsville. He was refused enlist ment in the army in 1861, being under age; he afterward entered his father's employ in a livery stable, which he purchased three years later, and is now profitably conducting. Mr. Warner is a Eepublican, and acted as Councilman of the Fourth Ward for two years. In October, 1878, he was married to Laura F. Bogle, of Putman County, Ind. She was a good Christian, and at the time of her death, which occurred August 15, 1879, she was a member of the Methodist Church. WILLIAM WILLIAMS was born near Paoli, Ind., May 1, 1816, a son of Jonathan and Celia (Silcox) Williams, natives respectively of Tennessee and North Carolina. Jonathan Williams was a son of John E. Williams, of East Tennessee, who married Margaret Eeed, and in the early time moved to Morgan County, Ind., where he died about 1830, the parent of ten children, seven boys — ^William, Lewis, John E., Isaac, Keyton, Eobert and Jonathan. He was born in Tennessee February 17, 1795, came to this territory when young, and in 1820 to Morgan County, where he and wife died, the former September 15, 1845, the latter July 26, 1868. He was one of the first County Commissioners who located the city of Martinsville. He was elected Sheriff in 1834, again in 1836, and in 1838 was elected to the Legislature. He was with Gen. Jackson in his first battle, was a prominent and respected citizen, and the father of the following family: William Pleasant, John, Jona- than, David, Jackson, James, Polly and Nancy. "William has resided here since he came with his parents in 1820. December 3 1, 1846, he married Emma, daughter of John King, to which union three children followed: Celia A., Howard (deceased) and an infant (deceased). After Mrs. Williams' death, February 25, 1849, he wedded Martha J., daughter 216 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES': of William A. Major, with an issue of seven children — Angeline (deceased), Franklin, Perry (deceased), Eobert H., Dora E., Jennie (deceased), and California. Mr. Williams has served as Sheriff and is now Township Assessor. EDWAED WOODS was born in Morgan County, Ind., July 12, 1848, and is one of the five children composing the family of Patrick and Mary (Dougherty) AVoods, natives of Ireland and Ohio respectively. Patrick Woods was born in 1811, emigrated to America, and in 1843 to the State of Ohio, where he married the same year, and afterward moved to Morgan County, Ind., and settled on the identical land where our subject now resides, which was his home until- his death in 1865. Mrs. Woods subsequently wedded Thomas Dougherty, and is yet. living, her family comprising five in number — James, Thomas, Edward, Patrick and Catherine. Edward Woods married in this county, October 8, 1873, Miss Mary E., daughter of William and Buth Kemp, and a native of Morgan County, born February 13, 1857. Mrs. Woods died April 15, 1881, having been the mother o£ six children — Eosie A. , Mattie, Alice, Thomas, William (deceased) and Mary E. (deceased). Mr. Wood is much respected by his fellow-citizens. OWEN WOODS is a native of Ireland, and was born June 24, 1814, and is the youngest of the family of James and Mary (Welch) Woods, both natives of Ireland, where they were married and died. They were the parents of four children — Thomas, Patrick, Catherine and Owen. Our subject was married while in Ireland, in 1835, to Ellen McCarugh. After emigrating to the United States, he settled in Morgan County, Ind., in the year 1848, on the farm on which he now lives, and where he is com- fortable and independently situated. Mr. and Mrs. Woods are members of the Catholic Church, and have been the parents of eight children — Mary (deceased), Catherine (deceased), Bridget (deceased), Mary, Ellen (deceased), Katie (deceased), Ann and James. Mr. and Mrs. Woods are greatly respected in the community. A. E. VANSICKEL was born at Martinsville, this county, February 27, 1842, and is one of the eight children of Jacob and Mahala (Salmon) Vansickel, natives of Sussex County, N.J. Jacob Vansickel was born in 1814, his wife in 1812, and in 1888 they moved to Henry County Ind., and thence to Morgan County, where Mr. Vansickel died in 1860, and Mrs. Vansickel twelve years later. Their family was Mercy A., Mary E., Sarah S., John D.,' Andrew E., Alonzo, George W. and Susan E. Our subject, August, 1861, enlisted in Company G, Twenty-Seventh Indiana Volunteers, and served until September, 1864, with much experience in many severe battles. After his discharge and return to this county, he married, November 24, 1864, Mary L., daughter of Henry and Phebe Miller, and a native of New Jersey, born February 20, 1840, which union was favored with six children — Otis H. (deceased), Sarah E., William F., Maggie A., Joseph A. and Mary E. Mr. Vansickel is a member of the Masonic order, of the G. A. E., and of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ALBEET VOTLES was born in Morgan County, Ind., August 20, 1842, and is a son of Ivan and Irena (Elgin) Voyles, natives of Indiana; the former born in 1813. Mrs. Voyles died in 1855, after which Mr. Voyles married Catherine Shireman; he died in 1880. The grandfather of our subject, Moses Voyles, was one of the earliest settlers of Wash- ington County, Ind., whence he moved to Morgan County, and there lived BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOOKESVILLE. 217 out his days; he was a soldier of the war of 1812. Albert Voyles is the youngest of the four children of his parents. August 11, 1862, he be- came a soldier of Company H, Seventieth Indiana Volunteers, in which he served until June, 1865. In October, 1868, he married Susan, daughter of Joshua and Ehoda Gilpin, and born in this county February 20, 1849, which union was cemented by two children — Mamie D. and James K. Mr. Voyles is a practical man and a respected citizen. BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. GEOEGE W. BASS is a native of Johnson County, Ind., and was bom June 20, 1842. His parents, Josiah H. and Elizabeth (Robinson) Bass, natives of Kentucky, had seven children, of which George W. was the sixth, and with three older brothers. His youth was spent upon the farm, and his education acquired at Greenwood High School in his na- tive county. In the summer of 1862, he enrolled at Springfield, Mo., in Company I, First Missouri Calvary, and served to the close of the war. The first year of his service was spent scouting in Southwestern MiBSOTU'i and Northeastern Texas; and he also participated in the battle of Prairie Grove and the Van Buren (Arkansas) raid. He was at the siege of Vicksburg as Orderly to Gen. Herron, and afterward saw service at the following places in their order: Yazoo, Miss., Baton Rouge, Carrollton, Morganza Bend, and New Orleans, La. From ^Brownsville, Tex., he returned to Baton Rouge, where he had charge of the division mail for some time, when he was ordered to his regiment, then at Little Rock, Ark., from which place he was honorably discharged from the serv- ice. After leaving the army, he clerked awhile in a dry goods house, a drug store, and finally, in the year 1874, settled down in the drug busi- ness at New Augusta, Ind., where he remained four years. In 1878, he removed to Mooresville, where he has since been engaged in the drug business. On November 8, 1871, he was married at Greenwood, Ind., to Mary E., daughter of W. A. Woods, Esq. By this marriage he has had born to him three children — Frank R., Charlie W. and Nellie B. The mother of these children, died March 30, 1880, and October 27, 1881, Mr. Bass was married in Morgan County to Martha T. (Turley) Bray. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Bass belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Knights of Honor, of which latter lodge he is present Financial Re- porter. He owns a small farm in Johnson County, and his residence in Mooresville, as also the business property in which he carries a lucrative drug trade. JAMES M. BISHOP, a promising young lav^yer of Mooresville, was bom in Hamilton County, Ind., May 31, 1850. His parents, Joseph and Nancy (Chew) Bishop, were natives of Virginia, and of English descent. They had. eight children, our subject being the seventh, with two older brothers. He grew up in Westfield, and finished his education at the Mooresville High School. In May, 1873, he began the study of law with Ford & Blair in Shelby ville, Ind. , and in the year following was admitted to the bar in Indianapolis, and from there came soon afterward 218 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: to Mooresville. As a practitioner, he is successful, and we bespeak for him a prominent place in the very front rank of his profession at no dis- tant day. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, an active Eepublican, a good debater, and a public speaker of much more than average ability. He made his first political speech in 1876, and has since taken an effective part in all the election campaigns. The declin- ing years of his aged mother and father are made comfortable and happy by the generosity and kind attention of an ever dutiful son. HA KRIS BRAY, a pioneer of Brown Township, Morgan County, Ind., a native of Chatham County, N. C, is the sixth child and fourth son of six sons and eight daughters of William and Peggy (Brooks) Bray, na- tives of North Carolina, and of English descent, and was born December 24, 1798; came into Morgan County in the year 1822; entered from the Government a tract of land in the year 1823; settled upon it, and here as a farmer he has since lived. Until nearly twenty-one years of age, he lived with his parents in North Carolina. His education was limited to that of reading, and something of penmanship was acquired at the sub- scription schools of his native place. In September, 1819, he was mar- ried in North Carolina to Rachel Moon, by whom he had born to him ten children — Brantley, now in Iowa; Austin, now in Iowa; Nancy, now in Iowa; Eli, now in Kansas; Wesley, now in Iowa; Riley, now in Morgan County, Ind.; Alfred, now in Kansas; William, died in the army at Buford, S. C. ; Ellen, wife of David Sheets, in Morgan County, Ind. ; and Younger, died at the age of thirty-eight years. The mother of these children died in April, 1876, at the age of seventy-eight years. Mr. Bray joined the Methodist Episcopal Church when about forty-five years of age, and has since lived the life of a consistent Christian. His de- ceased wife was a member of the same church many years of her life, and was noted for her purity of life and Christian conduct. Together, these two people labored as only pioneers of a new country can appre- ciate. Their homef was for many years the headquarters for all immi- grants to the " new purchase, " and what they had they gave freely. They inherited nothing but cheerful hearts and strong arms, and their worldly goods were acquired by their united industry. Mr. Bray en- tered from the Government from time to time in Indiana about 240 acres of land, and has put about ~ 100 acres in cultivation. He owns now a fine farm, where he lives, of 108 acres, all in cultivation and well im- proved. He has upon this -farm a magnificent quarry of blue sandstone of much value. About 1831, he erected a still-house on the East Fork of White Lick, about one mile from where Mooresville now stands, and for twelve years ran it with a capacity of about thirty gallons per day. After his conversion, he abandoned the trade in liquor. About the year 1841, he put into operation a grist mill at the confluence of the East Fork and the main White Lick Creeks, and ran it about three years. As the mill was run mostly to supply meal for his distillery, he parted with it soon after going out of the liquor business. He is a Democrat. He has been a liberal giver to both church and school. JARVIS P. CALVERT was born in N6w York City June 17, 1842, and is the youngest of four children of John T. and Sarah (Reese) Cal- vert, of Rhode Island and Pennsylvania respectively, and of English ex- traction. When he was but an infant, his parents removed to Cincin- nati, Ohio, where his mother died in the year 1844, and his father in less than a year afterward. Until about ten years of age, Jarvis P. existed a BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 219 part of the time in Louisville, Ky., and a longer period at Columbus, Ohio. From the age of ten to twenty- one years, he lived on a farm in Ohio, and attended the public schools. In the spring of 1863, he came to Indiana and stopped a few months at Plainfield, and October 26, 1863, he enrolled at Indianapolis in Company I, Sixty-third Indiana Volun- teer Infantry. From this command he was transferred to Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry in the spring of 1865, and was finally mustered out of the service April 10, 1866. "While in the Sixty-third Regiment, he saw much hard service, and took part in some nine or ten regular battles, and any number of hot skir- mishes. With the One Hundred and Twenty-eightii Regiment, his service was lighter, having been most of the time on detached duty as clerk about headquarters. He returned to Plainfield and there studied photog- raphy, and in February, 1867', opened his art gallery in Mooresville, where he has since made gi-eat progress in his profession. May 19, 1 868, he married Delia Perce, by whom he has had born to him five children — Archie B. , Lennetta May (deceased), Gertrude (deceased), Percy H. and Bertha Emma. Mr. Calvert is Steward and Chorister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. oE H. He is a Republican in politics, and an advocate of prohibition. JOHN D. CARTER was one of the pioneers of " the new purchase," a wealthy farmer of Brown Township, a native of Ashe County, N. C, is the son of Nathaniel and Ann (Ramsy) Carter, and was born March 1, 1811. His parents came to Indiana in 1814, and settled in Orange County, where they lived eight years, coming to Morgan County in 1822, when they located upon a small tract of land entered from the Govern- ment, and at once proceeded to erect a log cabin, upon the dirt floor of which they stowed away their little family and scant supply of household goods. Their stock, consisting of horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, geese and dncks, they brought with them from Orange County. From a journal, writ- ten by the subject of this sketch, in which it faithfully recounted the many experiences of this family, we quote: "We saw hard times the first win- ter; we had to cut down green beech and sugar trees for our cattle to eat the buds; had to go from twenty to thirty miles for corn to make bread; and five to six miles for help to raise the cabin." But their experiences were but repetitions of those of hundreds of brave pioneers whose hard- ships and privations are recounted upon the pages of the early history of our country. November 26, 1834, Mr. Carter was married to Ruth Pick- ett, in the manner and form peculiar to the Friends' Society, of which they were both birthright members. This union has been blessed with ten children — George, Amos (deceased), Vincent, Sarah Ann (deceased), Mary, Ella (deceased), William P., Nathaniel, Benjamin, Harriet B. and Emma. Three of his sons, George, Vincent and Nathaniel, are promi- nent attorneys at law in the city of Indianapolis, and his son William lives in San Antonio, Tex. Mr. Carter has been one of the hardest work- ing men of the county. His children have all been thoroughly educated, and as they have arrived at the estate of men and women, have received bountifully of the world's goods from the munificent hand of an ever gen- erous parent. The declining years of his life are being happily spent upon his magnificent farm of about 350 acres, one and a half miles south- east of Mooresville, where at least once a year he assembles around his hearthstone and at his sumptuous table his children and grandchildren, and where the merry romp and laughter of the little folks are subdued to 220 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: breathless silpnce, as they listen to the tales of pioneer life, as they come from the lips of one who has been an actor in scenes that seem to their young ears fraught with wondrous impossibilities. In politics, Mr. Car- ter has always been a Republican of the most pronounced type. He is a consistent Christian gentleman, and lives supremely happy in the glori- ous anticipation of eternal life in Heaven. NATHANIEL CARTER, native of Orange County, Ind., the sixth child and third son of Nathaniel and Ann (Ramsey) Carter, natives of North Carolina, and of Irish and Scotch extraction respectively, was born March 25, 1815. His parents came into Morgan County in 1821, and located upon land entered from the Government, and where the two old people spent the remainder of their days, and where Nathaniel has since re- sided. He attended a little at the subscription schools and learned something of reading and writing. November 23, 1837, he was married at Plainfield, Ind. , to Martha, daughter of Edward Chamness, a, native of North Carolina. She bore him six children — James R., Hannah, Thomas F., Mary B., Nathaniel W. and William Edgar. His son, Thomas F. , was killed at the battle of Chattanooga, Tenn. , on May 31, 1865. The mother of these children died October 2, 1871, at the age of fifty-four years, and February 13, 1873, subject was married at Mon- rovia, Ind. , to Louisa Jane (Hubbard) Blair, daughter of George I[ub- bard, deceased, native of North Carolina. Our subject and wife are birthright members of the Friends' Church. He is a Republican in pol- itics, and a strong advocate of temperance. He gave the land gratis upon which is located public school building No. 1. What Mr. Carter possesses he has toiled for, and after giving away considerable land to his children, he yet owns a nice farm of ninety seres, all in cultivation and well improved. He lived with his parents and took care of them till their death. His religious work and charities are mostly among the poor of the country, and in such labor he is endeavoring to do the will of the Everlasting Father. MATTHEW COMER is the second son of Joseph and Hester (Comp- ton) Comer, natives of North Carolina and Ohio, and of Irish and English extraction respectively. Joseph Comer came to Indiana Territory in 1804, and located upon the site now occupied by the city of Richmond, and Matthew was born July 1, 1825. He lived twenty-one. years with his parents, learned the habits of a farmer, and attended a few terms at the subscription schools. The first twelve years of his majority were devoted to the carpenter's trade, an apprenticeship to which he began a short time before. He was married in Randolph County, Ind. , in November, 1846, to Adila J. Harris, who died March 27, 1881, having borne seven children— Mary Jane, Jabez S., SarahA., Levi C, William C, Minnie H. and Mattie F., all of whom are living at this writing (December, 1883). The Comer and Harris families were of the Quaker faith, but having refused to " rnarry in meeting " young Comer and wife were peremptorily dismissed, and the Methodist Episcopal Church immediately gained two new mem- bers. August 13, 1862, Mr. Comer enlisted at Richmond, Ind., in Com- pany B, Fifth Indiana Cavalry, and served to the close of the war. His Company was the first to charge upon and occupy the town of Knoxville, Tenn. They also took a prominent parb in the capture of the famous command of John A. Morgan. He came to Mooresville in 1865, and soon afterward embarked in the saw mill business, which he has since fol- lowed, and at which he has made considerable money. He is a strict BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 221 temperance man, a Republican in politics, and a citizen of unimpeachable integrity. PAUL GOX (deceased) was a native of Pennsylvania, son of Alexan- der and Elizabeth Cox; was born November 6, 1808, and died March 15, 1876. He had four brothers and two sisters, two of the brothers being older than himself. He was reared a farmer and followed it all his life, though he was a brick-mason by trade, and also did a great deal in that line. His parents removed from Pennsylvania to Ohio, and later on to Indiana, and settled near Centreton, where they spent most of their after lives. Paul received at the neighborhood schools in Indiana such educa- tion as was practicable in so new a country. He was first married when quite young to Mary Mathews, who bore him seven children — Milton, Morgan, Elizabeth Aim, Emily, Harriet (deceased), Margaret and George. The mother of these children died in April, 1846, and in the fall follow- ing Mr. Cox was married in Morgan County to Elizabeth Chandler, who bore him sev^n children — Morris, Alfred, Madison, Mariah, Ida, Laura and Austin. Mr. Cox was a consistent member of the Christian Church, as is also his widow. He inherited a small tract of land from his father, but the rest of his property he worked for, leaving his family a handsome patrimony which his widow has managed with skill. She was left with four minor children, which she reared and cared for, educated and made of them honored and respected men and women. Mr. Cox was one of the best citizens of Morgan County, strictly honest and upright in all his dealings, beloved by^his neighbors, and respected by all who knew him. NATHAN DAY is the son of John and Edith (Lowder) Day, who were born in North Carolina, where they met, loved and married, and from whence, as hopeful young pioneers they came to Indiana in the year 1820. They located at once upon a tract of land which they entered from the Government, and which lies about half a mile southeast from the present town of Mooresville, in Morgan County. Here they under- went the trials and hardships incident to pioneer life. Here their chil- dren were born; here, by their united effort and direction, the primitive forests were reduced and replaced by broad and fertile fields, and from here, when life was no longer fraught with privations and anxious cares, they took their final leave of all earthly things, and, their spirits returning to Him who gave them, their bodies were laid away to await the final resur- rection morn. They were members of the Friends' Church, and died in the sixtieth and fiftieth-fourth years of their ages respectively. Nathan is their third son and the only one of the family now living. He was born June 29, 1843, and has always lived upon the old homestead which he now owns. He was married November 24, 1864, to Candace C, daughter of Asbury Rooker, and has had born to him two children — Nellie E. and Francis R. Mr. and Mrs. Day are members of the Friends' Church, and he belongs to the I. O. O. F. He is a strict temperance man, and in politics a Republican. His farm, consisting of 120 acres, is one of the best improved and most valuable in the neighborhood. JOSEPH H. EDWARDS is the son of Henry J. and Hannah (Davis) Edwards, natives of Virginia and North Carolina respectively; was born in Grayson County, Va., May 4, 1833, and was brought by his parents to Indiana in 1837. They settled first in Wayne County, where they lived about twelve years, and where the mother died. The family afterward removed to Randolph County, where the father is living at this writing. Joseph H. was married in Hendricks County, November 24, 1855, to 222 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Sarah Jaae Mills, who has borne him seVen children — Lucinda A., A.8e- nath D., Martha A., Lnna J., EffieM., Lottie C. and an infant deceased, not named. Mr. Edwards was reared upon a farm, and sent to the neigh- borhood schools when a boy, where he learned something of the element- ary studies. In the spring of 1856, he came into Morgan County, lived a few years at Mooresville, and removed to his farm where he has since resided. He was taken seriously ill in July, 1882, and has never fully recovered. He has sold his farm property with a view to removing into Mooresville, where he will make his future home. Mr. Edwards is a self-made man. His mother died when he was but thirteen years of age, and his father turned him at once upon the world. He worked four ^■ears for one man at 150 per year, and two years after at something of an increase. Thus he began life, and slowly but surely he has crept up. He has given each of his children $2,000, and reserved to himself a handsome competency. Both he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, having come into that organization from the Society of Friends. GEORGE FARMER is a farmer, a native of Guilford County, N. C, is the third of ten children — four sons and six daughters — of Jacob and Pena (Shoffner) Farmer, natives of North Carolina and of German descent, and was born April 11, 1821. His parents came to Morgan County in 1824, and after about eight years' residence in Brown Town- ship removed to Hendricks County, where they lived the remainder of their days, the father dying in September, 1861, in the seventy-ninth year of his age, and the mother in August, 1865, in the sixty-eighth year of her age. George was reared upon a farm, at the subscription school learned something of reading, writing and arithmetic, and lived with his parents until twenty-eight years of age, when, on December 24, 1848, he was married in Monroe Township, Morgan County, to Lydia Elliott, daughter of Alfred Elliott, also a native of North Carolina, and by this marriage he has had born to him eleven children, the first of whom died in infancy not named. The others were Jacob (died at the age of seven years), Mary, Caroline, Alfred, William, Catharine, John, Alvaro (died), George and Leonard R. Both Mr. and Mrs. F. are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. F. is a member of the I. O. O. F. at Mooresville. He removed from Guilford Township, Hen- dricks County to Brown Township, Morgan County, in August, 1858, where he purchased and settled upon the farm he has since owned and occupied. He was one of the incorporators of the Mooresville Monitor. He and his wife inherited from their respective parents a small sum of money, and the rest of their possessions have been acquired by their united industry. He owns at present a splendid farm of 200 acres, mostly in cultivation, well improved, stocked and equipped for agricult- ural purposes. In politics, he is a Republican. He is an ardent tem- perapce man and an advocate of prohibition. He is a good, substantial citizen, held in high esteem by his neighbors and those who come in contact with him. ABNER HADLEY, farmer, Brown Township, Morgan Co. Ind is a native of Hendricks County, Ind., and the third of four children of Joshua B. and Mary T. (Hadley) Hadley, natives of North Carolina. He was born December 28, 1828; reared upon a farm; at the public schools of Indiana acquired a good English education, and in his early manhood taught two terms in Hendricks County. His father died in the BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 223 twenty- eighth year of his age when our subject was about three years of age. His mother died in Hendricks County November 19, 1880, in the seventy-third year of her age. Subject lived with his mother until he was about twenty-one years of age, when he set out in the world for him- self. On March 21, 1850, he was married, at West Union, Morgan County, to Ann, daughter of David and Mary Lindley, natives of North Carolina. By this marriage he had born tohim four children — Charles (farmer in Hardin County, Iowa), Mary E. (wife of Thadeus S. Towa- send, now at Albany, Oreg.), Franklin M. (in Morgan County), and Flora E. (wife of James P. Henley, of Hendricks County, Ind.). The mother of these children died February 1, 1862, in the thirty-third year of her age. On April 15, 1863, he was next married to Beulah, daughter of William and Ann Hadley, natives of North Carolina. By this marriage two children were born, Joshua and Edgar. Mr. Hadley' s second wife died February 24, 1867, in the thirty- seventh year of her age, and on January 14, 1869, he married for his third wife Sallie A., daughter of William B. and Ludah E. Hubbard, natives of North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Hadley aie both birthright members of the Friends' Society, and are at present Elders in the White Lick Church of that denomina- tion; Mr. H. is also one of the Trustees of this church. He is a liberal giver to all churches and schools in his vicinity without regard to sect or creed. In politics, he is a Kepublican; is also an ardent temperance man and ad- vocate, and a friend of prohibition at all times. From the estate of his father, he inherited a tract of land of small value. The rest of his prop- erty he has acquired by his own industry. He owns at present a line farm of 285 acres, nearly all in cultivation, well improved and stocked with horses, hogs and cattle. The farm and stock receive his personal supervision and management. He came into Morgan County in the spring of 1863, and located upon the farm since owned and occupied by him, about one-half mile north of the town of Mooresville. He is a reputable and influential citizen, respected by his neighbors and esteemed by his church as one of its most substantial pillars and supporters. His wife is a woman of unquestionable merit, and noted for her charities and Christian conduct. CLINTON 0. HADLEY, druggist, Mooresville, Ind., was bom in Brown Township, Morgan County, Ind., May 11, 1855, and is the young- est of four children of Isaiah and Emily (Hadley) Hadley, natives of Ohio and Indiana respectively. He was but about two years of age when his father died. The first sixteen years were spent by Clinton C. upon the farm, and by devoting a portion of the time to his studies at the Mooresville school he acquired a good English education. At the age of eighteen, he began the drug business as clerk for Joseph Pool, and two years afterward, in the fall of 1875, he went, to Mt. Carme], 111., and for one year had charge of a drug house belonging to his brother. Re- turning to Mooresville he clerked for Hadley & Harvey, druggists, until the summer of 1880, when he bought out the interest of the senior mem- ber of>the firm, and shortly afterward became the sole owner of the estab- lishment. Mr. Hadley is a " birthright " member of the Friends' Church, and fills official chairs in the Subordinate Lodge and Encampment of the I. O. O. F. He is unmarried, and in consequence very popular with the ladies, a wide-awake Republican politically, and possessed of all the es- sential requisites to an upright citizen and gentleman. 224 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: JOHN PEA.NKLIN HADLEY is of the sturdy old Quaker stock, and adheres faithfully to the teachings of that unostentatious society. A native farmer and stock grower of Brown Township, is the youngest son of Aaron and Lydia (Hadley) Hadley, originally of North Carolina, was born January 14, 1840, and educated at the Friends White Lick School. He was married, March 13, 1860, to Lydia Ann, daughter of William Macy (deceased), and has had born to him four ehildren — William A., Linnie, Mahlon and Cora. His son William is studying medicine, Mah- lon is at Earlh am College, and the accomplishments of his daughters are not being neglected. In the fall of 1880, Mr. Hadley was elected County Commissioner, and re-elected thereto in 1882. He was one of the organ- izers of the Farmers' Bank of Mooresville, and for eight years was one of its directors. Though a straight Republican politically, he is not radically partisan, and to this fact was due his first nomination for the office of County Commissioner. His second nomination and election re- sulted naturally from the efficient manner in which the affairs of the office were administered during his first incumbency. Mr. Hadley holds the office of Assistant Dictator in the order of K. of H. ; he is an unqual- ified advocate of prohibition, and was among the very first public men in Morgan County to oppose the system of legally licensing the whisky traffic. Mr. H. owns and resides upon the farm upon which he was born and reared. _ ARNOLD W. HADLEY was born at Mooresville, Ind, May 8, 1846. His parents, Jeremiah and Eliza (McCracken) Hadley, had eight chil- dren, of whom our subject was third, with two brothers older. He lived upon the farm with his parents until he was twenty-one years of age, spending about one- third of his " school age" in pursuit of an education. In 1867, he went to Kansas, and remained six years — four years in mer- cantile business, and two dealing in live stock. Returning to Indiana in 1873, he for the next succeeding ten years, in company with his brother, ran the Mooresville Elevator, handling large quantities of grain, and also dealt extensively in coal. September 16, 1873, he was married at Mon- rovia to Almeda, daughter of Amos Hunt, deceased, and has had born to him two children — Edward J. and Hermon A. In April, 1883, as the head and sole manager of the firm of A. W. Hadley & Bro., he began the manufacture of drain tile at Mooresville, and at this writing they have one of the most extensive works of the kind in Morgan County. Mr. Hadley and wife are members of the Friends' Church, and he is Deputy (District) Grand Dictator of the Order of Knights of Honor. Subject is a Republican in politics, an active worker in the cause of temperance, and prominently identified with the educational interests of Mooresville. WILLIAM FOSTER HADLEY was born in Brown Township, Morgan County, Ind., August 3, 1855. His parents, Jeremiah and Eliza E. (McCracken) Hadley, were North Carolinians, and traced their ancestral blood to the persecuted Quakers of the British Isle. They accompanied their respective parents into Indiana probably about half a cpntury ago, and here they married and reared a family of eight children, William F. being the youngest son and seventh child. The subject of this sketch spent the first eight years of his life upon the farm, and his education, which consisted of a thorough English course, was acquired before he was seventeen years of age. At the age of twelve years, he was placed in charge of the M. & M. Gravel Road Toll Gate, just west of Mooresville, and at this time his business career commenced. At the age BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 225 of fifteen, he entered the grocery house of R. E. Scott, at Mooresville, as clerk, and the following year studied the mysteries of pharmacy it the drug store of J. Edwards. It will not be forgotten that up to this time his winters had been regularly spent at school. In the fall of 1872, he went into the Mooresville office of the Indianapolis & Vincennes Eail- road, and there learned the art of telegraphy, which he followed profes- sionally for the next nine years. December 29, 1880, he was married in Morgan County to Cassie, daughter of George Farmor, and has had bom to him one child — Everard F. May 16, 1881, he was elected cashier of the Farmers' Bank of Mooresville, and has since filled that position. In "the spring of 1882, the citizens tendered him the office of Treasurer of Mooresville, but the trust was declined for reasons of his own. He is a member of the firm of A. W. Had ley & Bro., in the manufacture of drain tiles, and up to June, 1883, was largely interested in the grain and coal business. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics a Eepublican. He is a thorough business man, a gentleman and a scholar. S. M. HADLEY, eldest son of John and Elenor (Chambless) Hadley, natives of North Carolina, was born in Morgan County, Ind., October 12, 1838. He grew to manhood upon a farm, and during his youth received a good English education at the subscription and public schools of his native county, supplemented by a course at the Parke County Graded School. October 2, 1858, he was married to Samira Ann Kemp, a native of Parke County, Ind. , and has had born to him two children — Curtis J, (dead) and Lizzie E. Mr. and Mrs. Hadley are birthright members of the Friends' Church, and Mr. Hadley belongs to the order of Knights of Honor. In politics, he is a Eepublican, and with the anti-temperance element he admits of no compromise. He removed from his farm into Mooresville about the year 1872, and engaged at onco in the drug business, which he has since followed. He owns a nice farm of eighty acres, well improved, stocked and cultivated, and in addition to his many other duties, he has been for several years past Deputy United States Postmas- ter at Mooresville. His worldly acquisitions are the results of his indi- vidual effort and management. JOHN W. HINSON was born at Mooresville, Ind., on January 2, 1842, and is the eldest of eleven children born to his parents, William H. and Mary (Putner) Hinson, of North Carolina. His early life was spent upon the. farm, and his education acquired at the Mooresville High School. On August 15, 1861, he enrolled in Company C, Thirty- third Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, and served until September, 1865, having veteranized with his regiment in 1863. He took part in many hard-fought battles, and at Kenesaw Mountain, June 29, 1863, as a result from a shot fired from a Mississippi rifle, lost his right leg above the knee. December 27, 1869, he was married at Mooresville to Margaret Elliott, who died October 9, 1881, having borne him three children — Viola, Maude (deceased), and Ethel E. Mr. Hinson was elected Assessor of Brown Township in 1866, and held the office about five years. In 1869, he was appointed Post- master of Mooresville, and has since been the incumbent of that office. To his present wife — Flora B. Eoseberry — ^he was married at Coffman, Mo., August 1, 1883. Mr. Hinson owns both residence and business property in Mooresville, and while, with reference to worldly goods, he is comfortable generally, nothing has been given him. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics a Eepublican. 226 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: HENRY HOUSE, native of Prince William County, Va., and third ftf eight children of John and Catharine B. (Bless) House, natives of Germany, was born March 23, 1823. His parents came to America in the year 1800, and into Morgan County in 1836, where they spent the remainder of their lives. Our sabject was reared upon a farm; remained with his parents till twenty-one years of age, and at the neighborhood schools, both in Virginia and Indiana, acquired a fair English education. His father died in 1874, at the age of eighty-four years, and his mother two years earlier, at the age of seventy-seven. On September 5, 1845, our subject was married, at Mooresville, to Elizabeth King, a native of Indiana, who died September 28, 1848, leaving two children — Sarah Jane and Harriet. Sarah Jane died at the age of five years. On October 25, 1849, he married Sarah E. Fultz, of Tennessee, and by her had born to him eleven children — Anna, Virginia, Charlotte (deceased), Nathaniel (deceased), Dora, Douglas, John, Otto, Catharine, Gertrude (deceased), and Ethel. Mr. H. is a class leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Democrat in politics, and a temperance man from principle. He is an industrious and successful farmer and stock-grower, and bis property ac- cumulations are due solely to his own industry. He owns 400 acres of fine land in Morgan County, to the management of which he gives his personal attention. He is a lover of learning, and a liberal supporter of churches and benevolent institutions without reference to sect or creed. WILLIAM A. HUNT, editor of the Mooresville Monitor, is a native ,of Martinsville, Ind., and is the only child of NathanA. andMary A.(Coble) Hunt, natives of the State of North Carolina, and of English'and Ger- man extraction respectively. William A. was born August 5, 1853, and his parents removed to Mooresville in the year 1854, where, with the ex- ception of two years spent in Danville, Ind., our subject has since resided. At the age of fourteen years, he was thrown upon his own resources, and his schooling, limited to about eight months in the aggregate, was pro- cured after that age. In 1865, he entered the confectionery store of his grandfather, at Mooresville, and remained up to 1874. At this time, his grandfather having died, he embarked in business on his own account, and for two years, though nearly destitute of financial capital, he man- aged, young as he was, to support himself, his mother and grandmother, both the latter being confirmed invalids. In 1877, he entered the office of the Mooresville Herald, as a " printer's devil," where he remained three years, learning the trade of a printer in the meantime, and in 1880 engaged as a compositor on the Mooresville Monitor, and in 1881, upon {;he retirment of A. W. Macy, Mr. Hunt was appointed by the directors, ediior, which position he has since held, and the duties of which he has discharged with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of his patrons. Since becoiiing the editor of the Monitor — which is owned by a joint- stock company — he has by induf^ry and economy been able to possess him- self of two-thirds of its stock, and is at this wi-iting, December, 1883, the owner of a controlling interest. January 9, 1877, he was married, in Mooresville, to Mary E. Dickinson, by whom he has had born to him two children — Dwite A. and Margaret A. Mr. Hunt is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is Reporter or Secretary of the Lodge of the Knights of Honor. He is also Secretary of the Old Set- tlers' Association, of the district comprising the counties of Morgan, Hendricks, Johnson and Monroe. He is a writer of more than ordinary ability, and the Monitor, under his management, is rapidly increasing in popularity. BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 227 GEOEGE AIvTDREW JACKSON was born in Stokes County, N. C, June 1, 1842, and is the sixth of the twelve children born to William and Celia (Gorden) Jackson. He was reared a farmer, and came to this county in February, 1866; he resided for some time in Madison Town- ship, and then came to Brown Township and purchased a farm of 100 acres, which he has well stocked and improved. May 21, 1871, he mar- ried Lucy J. Perkey, daughter of George and Lucy (Landers) Perkey, and to this marriage have been born the following children: Violette J., Laura Etta, William Sidney, George Amer, Louisa Jane and Allen Hick- lin. Mr. Jackson is a member of Mooresville Lodge, No. 78, F. & A. M., and Mrs. Jackson is a member of the Christian Church. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN JONES, carriage-trimmer and harness- maker at Mooresville, Ind., is a native of Warren County, Ohio; is the youngest of ten children, four sons and six daughters, of Nathan and Margaret (Hawkins) Jones, natives of New Jersey and Ohio, and of Welsh and English extraction respectively, and was born May 9, 1846, He was reared upon a farm, and at the public schools of Ohio acquired a good English education. September 2, 1864, he enrolled at Waynesville, Ohio, in Company B, One Hundred and Eightieth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, and served to July 25, 1865, when he was honorably discharged with the rank of Duty Sergeant on account of cessation of war. While in the service, he participated in the battle of Kingston, N. C, and a number of skirmishes. Soon after enlistment, he was detached and put into garrison duty. Mr. Jones came to Mooresville in November, 1870, and took service with Dorland & Gregory, dealers in hardware and agri - cultural implements. In January, 1873, he began the trade of harness- maker and carriage-trimmer, and, in 1876, set up in business on his own account. April 26, 1876, he was married at New Albany, Ind. , to Emma Thompson, a native of Indiana, and daughter of Rev. I. N. Thompson, and by this marriage he has had born to him one child — Bertram T. After returning from the army, he was engaged in the dry goods business at Lebanon, Ohio, during the year 1867 and a part of 1868, and, in 1869-70, he was at Oskaloosa, Iowa, in the grocery business. Aside from a small inheritance from the estate of his father, he has worked for what he has, and owns a nice residence property and the splendid brick building in which he carries on his business. In politics, he is a wide- awake Republican, a temperance man and an advocate of prohibition. From 1879 to 1882, he carried on the manufacture of carriages and bug- gies in addition to his other business, and altogether his industrious efforts have proved satisfactorily remunerative. He is a highly respected citizen and a reliable business man. In 1876, he was Town Clerk of Mooresville, and as such wrote and compiled the town ordinances. The father of our subject died in August, 1865, at the age of sixty-eight years. His mother yet lives at the age of about seventy-eight years, and makes her home with him. THOMAS EL WOOD LAWRENCE was born in Grant County, Ind., June 19, 1847, and was the eUest of eight children — four sons and four daughters^of William and Priscilla (Williams) Lawrence, natives re- spectively of North Carolina and Indiana. When eighteen years of age, our subject accompanied his parents to Morgan County, where he has since lived, and where his father died in 1883, at the age of sixty-four years, and his mother eight years before, at the age of fifty-one. Subject was educated at the public schools, five terms of which he afterward 228 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: taught in Morgan County. He married Delphina Harvey April 26, 1871, and has two children — lvalue and Gertrude. He is a birthright member of the Friends' Church, in which society his mother was for fifteen years preceding her death a prominent minister. Mr. L, is a prominent Odd Fellow, a Republican politically, and an ardent temperance worker, In 1882, he rented out his farm, and engaged in the lumber business at Mooresville, Martinsville and other points, and is to-day one of the most extensive hard-wood lumber dealers in the county, dealing extensively in walnut lumber. To give an idea of the present value of walnut lumber, we will state that Mr. Lawrence has just shipped one car load of five- eights walnut, of 14,230 feet, which brought him, loaded on car at Mooresville, $825.35. JAMES MADISON LEATHERS (deceased), native of Franklin County, Ky., was born May 15, 1814, and died July 3, 1880. In 1828, he accompanied his brother Thomas J. into Indiana, and spent the rest of his life in Morgan County. His school advantages were very limited, though he learned something of reading, writing and arithmetic by at- tendance at the subscription schools when not engaged upon the farm. He married Martha Jane McDonald September 15, 1885, and she bore him twelve children — William W. (deceased), Charles S., Nancy A., Mary, Theodore (deceased), John (deceased), Margaret (deceased), Sam- uel (deceased), Sarah M., Harrison, Douglass and Mintie E. From the age of fourteen years until the day of his death, subject was a consistent member of the Christian Church, and was for many years a Master Ma- son. His first wife died March 4, 1871, and November 5, of the same year, he was married in Morgan County, Ind., to Phoebe T. Jones, daugh- ter of the Rev. H. T. Burge. By this marriage he had born to him three children— Florence Mabel, Bessie B. (deceased"), and Samuel M. Mr. L. left his family a nice property, consisting, among other things, of a fine farm of 183 acres, which his widow manages with skill and success. He was a great religious worker, educated his children, and voted the Democratii! ticket with persistent regularity. RILEY MoCRARY is a native of North Carolina, but the name of his father and the date of his birth are unknown. He was left an orphan at a very early period of his existence, and bound out until twenty-one years of age. He was taught only in manual labor, and has turned his accomplishments in that direction to good account. He was about twen- ty one years of age when he came into Morgan County, probably about 1834-35, and for several years carried on the blacksmith business at Mooresville, at which he made considerable money. On April 2, 1837, he married Oracle Staley, who bore him twelve children — Mary Jane, John Wesley, William A, James P. (deceased), Samuel L., Margaret M. (deceased), Sarah M. (deceased), Rebecca (deceased), Elizabeth E., George T., Joseph W. (deceased), David J. (deceased). Tlie mother of these children died in 1870, and January 3, 1873, he married Mary Jane Lockwood, who has borne him three sons — Franklin (deceased), Charles and Frederick. He lives now upon his Iterm, about one mile north of Mooresville, and makes a specialty of breeding thoroughbred hogs. In addition to his home place of 186 acres, he owns a fine farm in Hendricks County. He has done as much hard work as any man of his age in any country. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Democrat in politics, and has never in his life used tobacco or whisky, nor had one dollar given to him. BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 229 PHILIP McNAB, M. D. , a native of Morgan County, Ind, , only son of Henry and Gasandra (Evans) McNab, natives of Kentucky, and of Scotch and Welsh extraction respectively, was born July 12, 1833. Philip was reared upon a farm and educated at the Northwestern Chris- tian University at Indianapolis. In the summer of 1859, he entered the office of Dr. Ford at Wabash, Ind., and began the study of medicine, and the following fall and winter took a full course of lectures at Ann Arbor (Mich.) University. Returning to Wabash for the summer, he attended the succeeding fall and winter at Ann Arbor, from whence he graduated}in chemistry in the spring of 186] , and in May of this year (1861), he opened an office at La Gro, Ind. , and practiced medicine for the next two years. In March, 1863, he entered Long Island Hospital College, Brooklyn, and in, June, 1863, graduated therefrom with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and after another short stay at La Gro removed to Indianapolis, where in the beginning of 1864, he formed a partnership with Dr. E. T. Brown, Professor of Natural Sciences in the Northwestern Chris- tian University, and for four years following pursued his profession of physician and surgeon. In the fall of 1868, he came into Morgan County, and the following year opened an office iu West Newton, in Marion County, where he remained about three years. In November, 1872, he removed to Mooresville, Ind., where he immediately took rank among the leading men of his profession. On July 29, 1861, he was married at Bethel, Me., to Mary, daughter of Aaron and Eubie Mason, of that State, and by this union he has had born to him two children — Solon Mason, now a student at Butler University, and Howard Barlow, a resident of Arizona Territory. Dr. McNab is respected for the knowledge he has gained in his profession, in the practice of which he has enjoyed more than ordinary experience. Some years since, he was associated with Dr. L. D. Waterman, of Indianapolis, as expert in the chemical analysis of the stomach of a Mrs. Dr. Beason, who, it was alleged, had been mur- dered by her husband at Kokomo, Ind. , and was one of the most cele- brated cases of the day. Later on, in 1873, he was employed in the same capacity in the case of Basil Bailey, another notoriotis case, ^ at Frankfort, Ind. , and was the author of the exhaustive synopsis of the analysis published in the Mooresville Enterprise, June 19, 1873. Upon the analysis in the case first named, he was highly complimented by the celebrated Prof. Blainey, of Chicago, who fully indorsed it in every par- ticular. The subject of this sketch is a man of versatile ability. His lectures on " Medical Sciences " before the society of physicians and sur- geons, upon Physiology before the high school, and upon temperance be- fore the people, are noted for their purity of diction and originality of thought and eloquence of delivery. At this writing (November 1883), Dr. McNabb is Secretary of the Mooresville Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons; member of both County and State Medical Societies, an active Eepublican in politics, an ardent " Prohibitionist," a consistent member of the Christian Church, and in the enjoyment of a lucrative practice in the community where he is best known, and therefore most highly esteemed. EEV. PEEEY T. MACY, a wealthy and influential farmer and stock grower, was born in Eandolph County, Ind., August 19, 1825, and. there lived upon the farm with his parents, William and Hannah (Hinshaw) Macy, until he was twenty-three years old. His parents, who were na- tives of North Carolina, and descended from the English and Irish 230 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: respectively, had thirteen children (seven sons and six daughters), of whom our subject was the ninth, with five older brothers. The subscrip- tion schools supplied the source of his education, which was limited to elementary studies. Though he continued to reside in his native county until the spring of 1856, he was married in Morgan County September 14, 1848, to Charity, daughter o£ Henry Mills. She bore him four children, three of whom, Albert W., Charles L. and Ida Ellen, were liv- ing at her death, which occurred December 27, 1883. August 26, 1869, he married in Dallas County, Iowa, Eebecca Hadley, daughter of George Bowles, and has had born to him two children — Oliver P. and Vernon D. Kev. Mr. Macy has been many years regular recorded minister o f the Friends Church, and since moving to Morgan County he has owned and occupied the farm upon which he now resides, about one mile west of Mooresville. From 1860 to 1872, he was superintendent of the business department of the Mooresville High School, and for two yeai-s, 1873-74, was proprietor of the Mooresville .Enterprise, a weekly paper now known as the Moores- ville Monitor. His son, Albert, W. , is at this writing (December, 1883) the talented editor of the Richmond (Ind.) Palladium. Our subject is well supplied with this world's goods, nearly all of which have been ac- quired by his own industry. ALLEN T. MANKER was born in Highland County, Ohio, April 15, 1827; is the sixth son of nine children (eight sons and one daughter) of Jacob and Marion (Jones) Manker, natives of Ohio. His mother died when he was five years of age, and the succeeding eleven years of his life were spent at different places in the neighborhood of his nativity. He acquired something of an education by a few months' attendance at the winter schools in his neighborhood, and in 1841, in the town of Hillsboro, Ohio, began the trade of carpenter and served an apprenticeship of three years. He came into Morgan County in 1845, and has since recognized Mooresville as his home. In 1854-55, he rau, a grist mill in Montgome- ry County, and from 1874 to 1880 had charge of the Magnolia Mills at Mooresville two different times, aggregating something over three years. Going thence to Brooklyn, Ind. , he closed his mill experience by about one year's service. In 1856-57,he was engaged in the livery business at Mooresville, and the rest of his life has been devoted to the business of contractor and builder. He was married at Darlington, Ind. , April 16, 1857, to Nancy J. Gaskill and has had born to him seven children — Frank E., Clinton W., Mary I., James M., John W., Charles and Livingston. In 1852, he "bull-whacked" across the plains from Iowa to Portland, Oreg., and returned to New York via the Isthmus. The best buildings in Mooresville are marks of his handiwork. He superintended the erection of the new Methodist Episcopal Church, drew the plans of the Masonic building, and erected the Odd Fellows Hall. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, belongs to the Masons and Knights of Honor; is a strict temperance man, and in politics an out-and-out Demo- crat. GILES BEFORD MITCHELL, M. D. (deceased), was born in Bar- tholomew County, Ind., November 17, 1822. His parents, Giles and Mary (Moore) Mitchell, natives of Virginia and Kentucky respectively, were married in Kentucky in 1807, and emigrated to Indiana in 1810, locating in Charleston, Clarke County, when the only buildings there were a block-house and a log fort. In 1820, they removed into Bartholomew County, and in 1833 settled in Martinsville, Morgan County, where Giles BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 231 Beford, who was the fourth of a family of six children, acquired the rudimentB of an English education. In about 1837, he began the study of medicine with Dr. Barnard, of MartinsYille, and at the end of one year entered the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, from which institution he subsequently graduated as M. D. He practiced medicine a few years in Martinsville, and from 1847 to 1857 in Mooresville, when he returned to Martinsville and embarked in the mercantile business. This he fol- lowed about three years, but growing dissatisfied sold out and returned to Mooresville, where he resumed his practice which he continued up to within a few days of his death, which occurred October 6, 1878. He was a man of much more than ordinary mental caliber, and his success through life was due to his own industry, energy, and indomnitable perseverance in the pursuit of knowledge. He was married, November 30, 1847, at Mooresville, to Sarah Reagan, daughter of Reason Reagan, an early settler of Morgan County, and had born to him six children — Mary E. , Laura A. (deceased), John (deceased). Ida E. (deceased), Sarah V. (deceased), Emma G., and William L. At his death, Dr. M. had been many years a consistent member of the M. E. Church, and a Mason in high standing. He was one of the organizers of the Farmers' Bank of Mooresville, and for several years its President. In politics, he was an unswerving Democrat, and was at one time his party's candidate for Representative in the State Legislature. He esteemed his profession above all other employments in which he was engaged, and devoted him- self to the bank only because the accumulation of his toil required it. His aim was to be a successful practitioner, and he allowed nothing to conflict with his darling purpose. His perceptions were very keen, and in the treatment of acute diseases he was very successful. Much of his extensive practice was due to the promptness of his calls. He attended strictly to work, and was careful not to neglect any of his patients. He took hold with a firm hand, and the result was not doubtful. His suc- cessful career is a brilliant example of what can be accomplished by earnest devotion to present duty. He started with nothing, having to sign a note for borrowed money with which to prosecute his studies in the medical college. As a business man, he was exact in his habits and prided himself on system in all that belonged to his afi'airs. When he received certain premonition of his approaching death, he arranged to settle his business, that future embarrassment might be avoided. He be- lieved in applying bank principles to ordinary business affairs, and this system, no doubt, had much to do with his success in temporal matters. He deserved great credit and reaped a liberal harvest for his painstakings in departments of duty. He left his family a handsome patrimony, which has been skillfully managed by his surviving widow. JOHN NAUGLE, blacksmith and wood worker, Mooresville, Ind., second son of Emanuel and Delinda (Reede) Naugle, natives of Pennsylva- nia and Virginia, and of German and English extraction respectively; was born in Scott County, Ind. , October 25, 1882. He was reared upon a farm, and at the common schools acquired the rudiments of an English education. On January 1, 1854, he was married at Salem, Washington County, Ind., to Charlotte A. Hoggett, by whom he has had born to him ten children, two of whom died in infancy, not named; the others were named as follows: John Albert, Joseph Wilburn, Edward Emanuel, Alice Irene, Leonora (deceased), George Elmer (deceased), Ernest Morton (de- ceased) and Archibald T. Both Mr. and Mrs. Naugle are members of the 232 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Naugle came to Mooresville in Feb- ruary, 1864, and for the next five years followed blaoksmithmg. Having patented a garden and field hoe, he for a few months traveled from place to place introducing them. He next perfected other patents, and devoted his time to them for about three years. In 1871, he removed with his family to Center Valley in Hendricks County, and lived there four years. He then lived seven years at Valley Mills, in Marion County, and carried on a blacksmith and wood working shop. His shops having been con- sumed by fire, he returned to Mooresville in August, 1883, and again embarked in his old business. He now owns a nice residence property, and the handsomest blacksmith and wood working shop combined in the county. He employs, aside from his own labor, two skillful workmen and is rapidly placing himself at the head of this particular branch of business in the town of Mooresville. What he has of this world's goods he has worked for. EGBERT BA.ECLAY NEWBY was bom at Salem, Washing- ton County, Ind., July 21, 1827, and lived there, following farming as an occupation, until eighteen years of age. He is the eldest son and third child of five boys and three girls born to Mioah and Mary (Coffin) Newby, natives of North Carolina and of English descent. Robert B. was schooled at the Washington County Seminary, and in the year 1845, came to Mooresville, where he has since resided. His first service here was with S. Moore, as clerk in a mercantile establishment, going into a partnership with him at the end of five years. After being with him three years Mr. Newby retired from the mercantile business, but continued a partnership with Mr. Moore in farming and stock business for several years. June 16, 1850.. he married his partner's daughter, Jane M., who died in August, 1853, after having borne him two children — Samuel M. and Frank W. (deceased). Mr. Newby married his second wife, Mary Rariden, in Morgan County in April, 1870. Since 1870, he has been farming and stock trading. In 1879, he was elected Marshal of Moores- ville, and held the office one year, and since 1882, has been Justice of the Peace of Brovm Township, and in addition to the duties of that office, is carrying on a general collecting agency. He is a member of the Ma- sonic order, and in politics an active Republican. WILLIAM D. OVERTON is the third son of James H. and Ann M. (Parker) Overton, who spent their lives in North Carolina; he was bom in Northampton County that State, July 4, 1852; came to Morgan County, Ind., in the winter of 1874, and up to the spring of 1882 farmed near Monrovia. At this town, after a short trip West, Mr. Overton entered the hardware store of Hobbs & Johnson, as clerk. In July, 1883, he bought out the Mooresville elevator and has since been engaged in the grain business. On November 19, 1878, he was married at Hillsdale, to Maggie Lankford, who died March 21, 1881, leaving her husband one child — William Henry. In 1860, Northampton County, N. C, cast 14 votes for Abraham Lincoln for President of the United States and James H Overton was one of the number. On account of his anti- Southern principles, he was compelled to leave home during the war, and the mother dying in the meantime, the family was completely broken up. So it will be readily understood that so far in life William D. Overton has "paddled his own canoe." He is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, an earnest supporter of the cause of temperance, belongs to the Masonic order and votes the Republican ticket. BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 233 BENJAMIN HENEY PERCE, M. D., prominent physician and sur- geon of Mooresville, Ind., is eldest of five children of Prosper and Mary O. (Robinson) Perce, natives of New York and New Hampshire, and of English and Scotch- Irish extraction respectively, was bom in St. Joseph County, Mich., June 27, 1838. His father having died in 1854, leaving the family in somewhat straitened circumstances, the sub- ject of this sketch was thrown early in life upon his own resources. He had acquired some knowledge of sign writing and ornamental painting, and did considerable work in that line, by which he accumulated a small sum of money, the most of which he liberally gave to his mother and young sister, and with $3 in his pocket and his extra wearing appar- rel rolled up in an old silk handkerchief, young Perce left the place of his nativity, and took up his march in search of a livelihood. Trudging onward, stopping occasionally to saw wood for bread, he arrived finally at the crossing of the New Albany & L. S. R. R. Footsore, tired, hun- gry and discouraged, he thrust his cane into the sand and allowed its falling to decide the course of his further travel. It bent its head to the south, and in the year 1857, after sleeping in fence corners and feasting off dry crackers alone as sable night spread her wings over hill and dale, our subject landed at Greencastle, Ind. , the sole possessor of but 25 cents. He retired without supper and began work before breakfast, so that when dinner arrived — a good one to which he was kindly invited — the manner in which he attacked the eatables, made the eyes of his generous host and hostess stand out from very wonder. He alternated the two succeed- ing years between Greencastle and Plainfield in following his trade, and in the spring of 1859, came to Mooresville, and a year afterward formed a partnership with a Mr. Mitchell in the manufacture of carriages and buggies, which enterprise failed in the following, year. As "journey- man," he followed his old trade at different places up to the summer of 1862, when he raised a company preparatory to entering the army, and drilled it, but declined a commission as its commander in favor of Capt. Peoples. In August of this year, he entered as a Corporal in Com- pany E, Twelfth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served up to June, 1865. In July, 1864, at Marietta, Ga., he received a sunstroke which resulted in the destruction of his right eye. In October, 1864, he was placed upon detached duty as Hospital Steward in the provisional divis ■ ion of the Army of the Tennessee, going from there to Washington in the same capacity in the Auger General Hospital, and here received his final discharge. Dr. Perce is a self-educated man, having attended school but about eighteen months of his early life. His first ideas of medicine were acquired while in the army, and in the winter of 1872-73 he took a comrse of lectures at the Indiana Medical College, where the following winter he held the office of Prosector to the Chair of Anatomy. At the end of this session he graduated as Doctor of Medicine, and in February, 1879, took ad eundem degree at the Medical College of Indiana. In the spring of 1873, he began the practice of medicine at Mooresville, and, growing rapidly into popularity, he to-day (December, 1883), ranks among the foremost in his profession. May 14, 1867, he was married at Mooresville to Eunice Ann, daughter of Jacob and Jemima Coombs. By this marriage he had born to him two children — Henry (deceased in infancy), and Elsie Gertrude. The mother of these children died Sep- tember 18, 1874, and in April, 1876, the Doctor married at Plainfield, Ind., his present wife, Elvira, daughter of Simon and Martha Hornaday. 234 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Two children, Edith (deceased in infancy) and Mary, have crowned this union. The Doctor is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, belongs to the I. O. O. F., is a Master Mason, a Knight of Honor; has filled most all the official chairs in these societies and is at present Examiner of the one last named. In Masonry and Odd Fellow- ship, he belongs to the Grand Lodges of the State. He is a member of both county and State Medical societies, of the first of which he has been twice President. He is in the enjoyment of a lucrative position, owns a handsome property, is proud of his profession, and justly so of his successes; he votes the Republican ticket. AMOS W. REAGAN M. D. , a prominent physician and surgeon of Mooresville, Ind., is the fourth son of Reason and Diana (Wilson) Rea- gan, natives of South Carolina, and probably of Irish and English extraction respectively. Amos W. was born in Marion County, Ind., April 3, 1826, and the first sixteen years of his life were spent upon a farm, alternating, in the usual manner of farmers' sons, the duties thereof with occasional attendance at the common schools. In 1845, he entered Asbury University, where for three years he assiduously devoted himself to study, acquiring a thorough English education and a fair familiarity with the classics. January, 1847, in the office of Dr. G. B. Mitchell, at Mooresville, he began the study of medicine, and at the end of one year entered the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, from whence he graduated in the spring of 1851 with the degree of M. D. Returning to Mooresville, the Doctor formed a partnership with his old preceptor, and for the next succeeding t(venty-two years, interrupted only by a three years' service in the army, carried on the practice of medicine. Dr. Rea- gan rose rapidly in the profession, and ere many years was ranked among the most successful practitioners in Morgan County. Early in July, 1862, he entered the service of the United States, and was at once com- missioned Surgeon of the Seventieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Prom his enrollment to the close of the war, his command was never without his services, and the last eighteen months of the time he was Acting Bri- gade Surgeon of the First Brigade, Third Division, Twentieth Army Corps. The distinguished services of the old Seventieth Indiana are immortalized in the already written history of our country, and it is not essential to the purposes of this sketch that many bloody engagements be here detailed or even referred to. Suffice it to say that in bivouac or in battle, its sick, its wounded and its dying were never without the attend- ance of one of the most skillful surgeons of the army. While at Bow- ling Green, Ky., in September, 1862, the Doctor contracted chronic diarrhoea, resulting in disease of the heart. From the effects of this, he has never recovered; but, on the contrary, the symptoms have grown perceptibly worse within the past few years. From 187'^ to 1875, our subject was associated with Dr. Perce at Mooresville, since the dissolu- tion of which partnership he has been alone in the practice. He has been thrice married, and is the father of three children, two only of whom are living. His first wife was Nancy Rooker, daughter of Jesse Rooker, who died in the fall of 1858, after having been married about three years. His second wife was Sarah E. , a younger sister of his first wife. She lived about five years of married life, and died without issue in October, 1871. To his present wife, a Mrs. Ella Elliott, who has borne him one child, he was married in November, 1882. In 1860, he was elected to his third term of Trustee of Brown Township, but entered BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 235 the United States Army before the term of his office expired. At this writing (November, 1883), Dr. Reagan is enjoying a lucrative practice; is a prominent member of both County and State Medical' Societies; be- longs to the Masonic order, and to the Methodist Episcopal Church; has been for the past nine years member of the Mooresville High School Board; is a Republican in politics, an upright gentleman, and rightfully holds the esteem and confidence of the community in which his life has 80 far been spent. THOMAS A. RICHARDSON was born in Hendricks County, Ind., September 8, 1837. His parents, James and Rachel (Little) Richardson, natives of Virginia, came to Mooresville when Thomas A. was an infant, and here the father died in 1882, at the age of seventy-eight years. Up to fifteen years of age, our subject lived in town, and the next five years he spent upon the farm. His education was limited to such as could be had at the public schools, and having learned the tinner's trade at Mooresville, he, in 1861, went to Wabash, Ind., at which place and at Indianapolis he worked as tinsmith for the next six years. October 5, 1865, he was married at Mooresville, to Miss Hawk, daughter of Dr. Charles Hawk, and has had born to him three childi-en -an infant (de- ceased) not named, Gracie and Florence. Mr. Richardson is one of the Stewards of the Methodist Church; Treasurer of the " Morgan " Lodge, No. 211, 1. O. O. F., and " Guide " of " Vesty " Lodge, No. 997, K. of H. In the spring of 1880, he was elected Trustee of Brown Township, and re-elected thereto in the spring of 1882. In the fall of the year last named, he was defeated in his candidacy for Clerk of the Circuit Court. In politics, he is a Democrat, and his preferment in a township largely Republican at once indicates his popularity and his fitness for the office to which he has been twice called. In the spring of 1868, ia partner- ship with J. H. Rusie, he embarked in the stove and tin business at Mooresville, and here he has since remained and has been successful. He is a self-made man, and the result is an upright and honorable mer- chant, conscientious alike in his dealings and his public trusts. DR. CLAUK ROBBINS is the son of Alford and Isabel (Griggs) Robbins, who were natives of Ohio, and of Irish extraction. They came into Indiana about a half a century ago, and settled in Morgan County, where on July 10, 1836, their second son, the subject of this sketch, was born. Clark alternated the duties of farm life with attendance at the public schools. He lost his father when but fourteen years of age, and since that time has " paddled his own canoe." At the age of nineteen, he began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Hutchinson at Moores- ville, and in the winter of 1856-57 took a full course of lectures at Ann Arbor (Mich.) University. The following winter, he spent profitably at the Cincinnati (Ohio) Medical College, and in August, 1858, began the practice of medicine at Monrovia, Ind. At the end of two years, he re- moved to Brooklyn, Ind., where for the ensuing sixteen years he pur- sued his profession with flattering success. The superior school advan- tages of Martinsville took him to that town in the spring of 1876, and from Martinsville he removed to Mooresville in the fall of 1880. Here he has since plied his profession with credit to himself and to the satis- faction of his patrons. September 29, 1859, he was married in Monro- via to Eliza J., daughter of John K. Wilhite, and has had born to him one child — John A. Mrs. Robbins having died, the Doctor was married, December 10, 1863, at Centreton, Ind., to Melissa Hardwick, by whom IS 236 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: he has had bora to him three children— Ella, Minnie and Schuyler. He and family are all members of the Methodist Protestant Church, the Doctor in fact being one of its most substantial pillars. He is class leader Financial Steward, and Superintendent of the Sabbath school. For twenty -three years, he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but in February, 1881, joined the above body and has since been an earnest worker. The only political office the Doctor ever aspired to was that of Trustee of Clay Township, and this office he held for ten consecutive years. Dr. Bobbins was by education, early training and many years' practice, identified with the " allopathic system," but a few years since he chose to adopt a more liberal course, so he cut loose from " creeds and ethics," and now practices under the best authorities of the allopathic, eclectic and homoeopathic schools. ISAAC W. EOOKEE was born in Blount County, Tenn., November 25, 1806, and came to Indiana in 1818, with his parents, who settled in Wayne County. IVom Wayne the family removed into Morgan County in 1822, and located upon land entered from the United States Govern- ment in Brown Township, and here the father and mother, William and Nancy (Saffell) Booker, spent the remainder of their lives. They were natives of England and Old Virginia respectively, and lived to a very old age, being each about eighty-four years when they departed this life. They were married in Virginia, and lived together as man and wife about sixty-five years, rearing a, family of eleven children, five sons and six daughters, of which number Isaac W. was tenth. He was reared as a farmer, and had the benefit of about nine months' schooling in Brown Township, but seems, however, to have improved his opportunities for learning, for he was employed several months at teaching the young children in his neighborhood. April 6, 1826, Mr. Booker was married in Morgan County to Polly Ballard, a native of Ohio, by whom he had born to him nine children — Elizabeth J., Nancy A. (deceased), Baohael E. (deceased), Mary Ann, Calvin F., Bufus B. (deceased), John W., William A. (deceased), and Catharine L. William A. died in the United States Army, and the mother of these children died October 8, 1883, at the age of about seventy-six years. Mr. and Mrs. E. both became mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church when young, and Mrs. E. lived and died as a Christian should. His property, aside from a small in- heritance from the estate of his father, has been acquired by his own in- dustry, and like most of the pioneers of a new country, he learned lessons • of hardship and privation, and has eaten of the bread earned by the sweat of the brow. He has always been of a somewhat retiring disposition, and to attend strictly to his own business and allow other people to do the same, has been the rule of his actions through life. His declining years are being spent peacefully upon his old homestead, where his wants are administered to by his daughter and her husband, who live with him, and who spare no efforts to make his old age comfortable and bappy. CAPT. SAMUEL M. EOOKEE, citizen of Mooresville, Ind., is the third son of Jesse S. and Candace L. (Conduitt) Booker, natives of Ten- nessee, and descendants from the German and the French, respectively. He was born at Mooresville May 22, 1824. He was trained to farm life, and educated at the public schools. His parents came into Morgan County in the year 1816, and here spent the remainder of their years, his father dying in 1843, at the age of forty-nine years, and his mother ten years earlier, at the age of thirty-eight. He was married, February BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 237 24,1844, to Nancy McNeff.by whomhehad born to him six children — Mary Candace (deceased), Mai'ion Howard (deceased), Kansas, Adalide, Otto E. and Mattie B. August 1 3, 1862, he entered the service of the United States as Captain of Company E, Twelfth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and five months thereafter was compelled to resign on account of phys- ical disability. Though out but a short time, he saw considerable real service, having participated in the battle of Richmond, Ky., and any number of skirmishes. Returning from the war, he engaged in the mer- cantile business at Mooresville, from which he retired in about a year, and built the Magnolia Mills, and conducted them twelve or thirteen years. He has bought and sold over 4, 500 acres of valuable lands in Brown Township; dealt extensively in grain, and been an active business man generally. The panic of 1875-76 cost him over $20, 000, and in Novem- ber, 1881, his residence in Mooresville was completely destroyed by fire. So, with all, Capt. Rooker has had his share of tbeups and downs of life, and still rides the waves. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church; high up in the order of Odd Fellows; a Democrat in politics; a farmer by occupation, and takes life easy in his new splendid residence, into which he has just moved. WILLIAM ASBTJRY ROOKER (deceased) was born in Wayne County, Ind., January 6, 1819, and died at Mooresville, Ind., August 16, 1849. He was the second son of Jesse S. and Candace L. (Conduitt) Rooker, and had one brother and six sisters younger than himself. At the age of about twelve years, he entered a dry goods house as clerk,' and remained nine or ten years. On December 26, 1839, he was married to Susan Rusie, daughter of Michael and Catharine (House) Rusie, of Mooresville, and had born to him four children — Thomas B. D., Candace C. , Mary C. and Wallace A. (deceased). Soon after the death of his father, which occurred in 1843, our subject purchased the old homestead, consist- ing of about 200 acres, the title to which descended to his widow, who yet owns and manages it with the skill of an adept. His early education was limited to such as the neighborhood schools of the day afforded, but lived to be a self-taught and self-made man, and at the time of his death was a superior scholar. In 1837, he was elected Treasurer of Morgan County, and was the incumbent of that office when he died. He was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a Master Mason, under and by the rites and ceremonies of which order he was buried. In poli- tics, he was a Democrat, but his election to the office of Treasurer of Mor- gan County was due not alone to his rank and standing in that party, but to his true worth and merit as a good citizen as well. His widow was left with four small children, whom she has reared and cared for as only a Christian mother could. Wallace A. died at the age of twenty-three years. Thomas resides at home with his mother, and the two daughters, married, and with families of their own, live in the immediate neighbor- hood. HENRY ROSSIER, a native of Canton Vaud, Switzerland, 'was born December 11, 1839, and came to America in the spring of 1862. He was well educated in the French language, and before he was nineteen years of age had mastered the trade of watch-maker. His parents', Jacques and Margaret (Tetaz) Rossier, had five sons and five daughters, and of the ten children our subject was next to the youngest, and the only one who ever came to America. From 1862 to 1867, Henry alternated between New York, Indianapolis and Terre Haute, the first three years at his trade, and 238 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: the last two in the grocery business. January 20, 1865, he was married in Terre Haute to Emily Drotz, who has borne him five children — William, Katie, Emil, Charlos and Walter (deceased). By persistent effort and the application of a naturally superior mind, Mr. Bossier has possessed him- self of a good English education, and is at this writing (December, 1883) one of the Trustees of the Mooresville High School. He was brought up in the Presbyterian faith, but is now a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He belongs to the I. O. O. F. , A. F. & A. M. and K. of H. at Mooresville, where he has been engaged in the jewelry business since the year 1867. JOHN H. EUSIE, born in Prince William County, Va., December 22, 1834; came here with his parents, Michael and Catharine (House) Eusie, natives of Germany, who settled at Mooresville in 1886, and here spent the remainder of Iheir years. In his youth, our subject learned the tinner's trade, and received a fair English education. In 1855. he engaged in the hardware and tin business, and followed it for five years; sold out, and for the next two years managed the business for his successors. In Sep- tember, 1857, he married Mary J. Olleman, daughter of James Olleman, of Mooresville, and has had born to him three children — Arameda, James H. and Frederick. August 17, 1862, Mr. Riisie entered the service of the United States as Fourth Daty Sergeant of Company E, Twelfth Indiana V^olunteer Infantry, and served to the close of the war, when he was honor- ably discharged, having in the meantime been promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant. He took an active part in the battles of Richmond, Ky. ; Jackson, Miss. ; Missionary Ridge, Atlanta, Gridersville, and Savannah, Ga. ; Columbia, S. C. ; Bentonville, N. 0. , and in Sherman's celebrated campaign from Atlanta to the sea. He returned to Moores- ville in 1865, and again embarked in the stove and tin business, to which was subsequently added hardware. In the spring of 1882, he sold oat to his partner, Mr. T. A. Richardson, and engaged at once in his present business — of furniture and undertaking. He is a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church; a prominent Mason and Odd Fellow, and in politics an uncompromising, first-class Democrat. ROBERT R. SCOTT was born in Franklin County, Ind., July 16, 1833, and lived in the State of Wisconsin from 1842 to 1853, since which time he has made Brown Township, Morgan County, his home. The first seventeen years of his life were spent upon a farm, since when he has been in mercantile business as much as twenty-five years. August 13, 1862, he enrolled in Company B, Twelfth Indiana Volunteers, and served three years. He was promoted to Orderly Sergeant almost im- mediately upon his entering the service, and was next raised in order to the rank of Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, and in June, 1863, to that of Captain of the company. He was with his command in all the deadly battles through which it passed, and the history of Indiana's soldiery is augmented no little by the brilliant achievements of the " gal- lant Twelfth." Capt. Scott retired from the mercantile business in 1883, and has since been upon his farm recuperating his health, which had been somewhat depleted by long confinement at indoor labor. He entered the directory of the Mooresville Bank in 1880, and was elected its Vice President the year following. In addition to his Mooresville property, he owns five fine farms in Morgan County. All his property has been ac- quired since the late war by his own industry, and in a strictly legitimate way. January, 1866, he was married to Mary Hadley, who died in August, BEOWN TOWNSHIP AND MOOEESVILLE. 239 1869, and in June, X872, he married Louisa H. Harvey, who has borne him five children — Mary, Carie, Jennie, Kobert H. and Sallie. Capt. Scott is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, belongs to the Masonic Order, is a Kepublican in politics, and is a citizen of whom Mooresville may well be proud. FREDERICK SHEETS, merchant, farmer and stock grower, was born in Prince William County, Va., February 24, 1823. His parents, George and Margaret (House) Sheets, were natives of Germany, and came to America in 1814 or 1815, and in 1836 took up their abode at Mooresville, and here spent the remainder of their days, the former dying in 1877 at the age of ninety-one years, and the latter in the year of 1847 at the age of fifty-seven years. Onr subject learned the carpenter's trade with his father, and followed it about eight years. He was first married, at Mooresville, to Charlotte, daiighter of Dr. Charles Hawk, and has had born to him six children — Laura Alice (deceased), William O., Kate Alma, Harry O., Hattie L. and Mertie. The mother of these children having died, Mr. Sheets was married, October 20, 1879, to Caroline Peoples, his present wife. In 1851, the firm of P. Sheets & Bro. was organized at Mooresville,. and has since existed. They do a large mercantile business, and carry on four extensive farms in Morgan and Hendricks Counties. Aside from the firm property, F. Sheets owns some half dozen pieces of towQ property, among them the finest residence in Mooresville. He is a member of the Republican County Central Committee, belongs to the Masonic order, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His property, has all been acquired by his individual effort and enterprise. DANIEL SHEETS, a native of Prince William County, Va., and younger brother of Frederick Sheets, was born June 18, 1825, and came with his parents into Morgan County in 1836. He remained with his parents until he was about twenty-two years of age. His early life was spent upon the farm, and at the neighborhood schools he acquired a fair English education. Since 1851, he has been an active partner in the firm of F. Sheets & Bro. He was one of the organizers, and for two years Director of the Farmers' Bank, Mooresville. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a,nd Treasurer of the Mooresville Lodge of A. P. & A. M. He is an enterprising bachelor, a good business man, an upright citizen and a Republican. REV. HUGH STACKHOUSE, present resident minister of the Methodist Protestant Church, Mooresville, lud., was born in Breckinridge County, Ky., November 9, 1837. His parents, William and Jane(McNab) Stackhouse, natives of England and of North Carolina respectively, came to Indiana in the year 1841, settled in Orange County, and there ended their days. They had eleven children — eight sons and three daughters — and six of the sons and one of the daughters were older than the subject of this sketch. Up to eighteen years of age, Hugh Stackhouse lived upon a farm, and from his father (who was a superior scholar), and through a pretty regular attendance at the public schools, he received a good English education. About this time, he began his theological studies, and in the year 1859 was received into conference at Morristown, Ind., and two years thereafter regularly ordained Elder of the church. After being received into conference in 1859, he was at once assigned to Richland Circuit, which embraced twelve places for preaching, and held this charge three years. The year following he occupied the Monroe Circuit; and on April 29, 1863, he was married at Solsberry, Ind., to 240 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Nancy Jane, daughter of William and Mary Hannum, of Ohio, and has had born to him four children — Urbine, Charles H. (deceased), Arthur and Cora May. Since entering the, ministry, the Rev. Mr. Stackhouse has been kept constantly on duty, and during the time has held some of the most important charges in the United States. He is a thorough theologian, and ranks high among the many eloquent ministers of the Methodist Protestant Church. In addition to his pastoral duties, he is the occasional correspondent for several Church periodicals, and holds the position regularly of Corresponding Elder for the Methodist Recorder. He has represented his conference in four General Conferences and two Genera] Conventions; is a Royal Arch Mason, a Republican in politics and a stanch advocate of the cause of temperance. ELI J. SUMNER was born in Highland County, Ohio, May 28, 1812. His parents, Absalom and Priscilla (Jackson) Sumner, were natives of Surrey County, N. C, and of Welsh and Scotch extraction respectively. Eli J. Sumner received a respectable common school and academic edu- cation, and subsequently became a teacher in Union Seminary, in his native county. In the fall of 1830, he visited Mooresville for the first time, spent a few weeks in prospecting, and then returned to Highland County, where, June 13, 1838, he married Anna E. Boxley, daughter of George Boxley, of Spottsylvania County, Va. May 5, 1834, Mr. Sum- ner's wife died. In the fall of the same year, he came on horseback to Mooresville, and the following winter taught in the Moon Schoolhouse, near by. January 21, 1836, he was married in Morgan County to Jane E., daughter of Joshua Carter, and at once settled on a tract of land pre- sented to him by his father, about six miles west of Mooresville. In the fall of 1849, he purchased a large flouring and saw mill near the village, and operated it until the spring of 1853, when he removed to Sharpsville, Tipton County, and engaged in the manufacturing and shipping of lum- ber for a few months, and then returned to his farm near Mooresville, where he remained until 1865 (in the meanwhile carrying on a lumber trade in the Wabash Valley), when he moved to Wabash. In the spring of 1868, he moved to Indianapolis, and in the fall of 1869 returned to Mooresville. By his second wife he became father of seven children, all born in Morgan County — Thomas C, William C, Caswell B., James O., Anna E., Hannah C. and Nancy E. ; of these, the eldest two only are living. Mr. Sumner has been identified with several religious denomi- nations, but is now, with his wife, a consistent Methodist. In politics, he is a Republican, and he has always been an active worker in the cause of temperance. GEORGE P. THOMPSON, a farmer of Brown Township, was born in Chatham County, N. C, September 5, 1814, and came to Indiana in 1833. After spending a few months in Morgan County, he returned to his native State, but before the end of 1834 he was back in Morgan County, where he has since lived. His life has been spent upon a farm, and his schooling acquired at the Friends' School, White Lick. Decem- ber 18, 1836, he was married in Brown Township to Millie, a daughter of George A. Schoffner, a native of North Carolina, who came into Mor- gan County in 1826, and was one of the four men drowned in 1829 while attempting to cross White Lick Creek in a canoe. Mr. Thompson has had born to him eleven children— Louisa (dead), Margaret, Mary A., Asbury, Sylvester, Anson, Spencer, Malinda (dead), Sarah, Fremont and Samuel. Mr. Thompson's parents, Samuel and Sarah (Womble) Thomp- BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 241 son, were natives of North Carolina. The Thompsons came originally from England, and the two old people emigrated into Indiana in 1869 and located in Hamilton County, where the mother died in 1881 at the age of eighty-four years. The father, however, died in North Carolina, whence he had returned in 1872, at the age of ninety-five years. Our subject owns a line farm of 100 acres, upon which he resides; is a stock- holder in the M. & M. Gravel Eoad Company, and was for fifteen years one of the Directors of said company. His property has been acquired by the united industry of himself and wife. They are both consistent members of the Christian Church, and have been for more than a quarter of a century. JAMES O. THOMPSON is the son of Jonathan H. and Elizabeth E. (Latta) Thompson, who were born and married in North Carolina, and there, in the county of Orange, on August 11, 1839, the subject of this sketch first saw the light of day. The family came to Indiana in the year 1845, and for the next two years lived about four miles west of Mooresville, when they removed to Tipton County, where a change of county lines subsequently placed them in Howard County, and here they lived up to the year 1867. Eeturning thence to Morgan County, they lived again two years upon their old homestead, when they removed to Mooresville, and the firm of J. H. Thompson & Son, dry goods mer- chants, first became known to the business world. The father, Jonathan H. , was a highly respected and enterprising citizen of both the town and county. He died February 5, 1884, aged sixty-seven years. Prior to 1869, J. O. Thompson lived upon a farm, and his education was the best possible to his circumstances and surroundings. December 20, 1866, he was married, in Howard County, Ind. , to Gulic E., daughter of Jonathan Lee, Esq., and by her had born to him five children — William L., two infants not named, Gulic and Ella, the four last all dying in in- fancy. The mother of these children having died, our subject was mar- ried. May 14, 1874, at Irvington, Ind., to Melissa K. Hitter, who has borne him three children— Ralph E., Harry H., and Clyde C. (deceased in infancy). Mr. and Mrs. Thompson are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is an Odd Fellow and a Knight of Honor. He was elected Trustee of Brown Township in 1876, and held the office two terms. As a business man, he is enterprising and successful, and as a politician, an active Republican. JOHN HARBISON THORNBTJRGH is the second son of Benjamin and Susan (Monical) Thornburgh, and was born in Washington County, lad., November 4, 1821. He was reared upon the farm, and acquired the rudiments of an English education at the neighborhood schools. At the age of twenty-two years, he left the parental roof, and for the next four years taught school during the winter months and farmed during the summer. He was married, December 24, 1846, in Mooresville, to Eliza Gray, widow of Dr. Gray (deceased) and daughter of Reason Rea- gan (also deceased). Their first born, Thomas, died in infancy, and his daughters are Elizabeth (wife of A. W. Conduitt), Alice L. (widow of Dr. Wharton), and Susie (wife of O. E. Rooker). At the age of forty years, our subject gave up farming, and for fifteen years followed merchandising in Mooresville, and in the spring of 1881 engaged in general insorance, real estate and money brokerage, which he has since followed. He has been thrice Trustee of Brown Township, and Deputy Revenue Collector for Morgan County under Grant's administra- 242 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: tion. The late panic came nearly bankrupting him financially, but left his energy and business ability unimpaired. He is a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Eepublican, an advocate of temperance, and a public speaker of merit and a progressive citizen. BENJAMIN THORNBUKGH (deceased) was born September 25, 1797, in Mercer County, Ky. In 1808, his parents moved to Indiana Territory, and settled one mile southwest of Salem, on Blue River, in Washington County. He lived with his father on the farm until his twentieth year, when he was married to Susan Monical on the 20th day of February, 1817, by Eev. James Harbison. During the war of 1812, he joined the Territorial army of the frontier under the proclamation of Gov. Jennings, and helped to build several block-houses for defense, into which the early settlers fled for protection from the Indians. He enlisted under Maj. William Hockett, and they sent out pickets who passed over the country from where Fredericksburg now stands to Liv- onia and Brownstown. They built a forh near Salem, in which his par- ents remained about three months before the close of the war. In April, 1822, he moved to Morgan County and settled on the east side of White Lick, near where Brooklyn now stands. He assisted his father-in-law, Peter Monical, in building the first permanent dam across White Lick, at Brooklyn. In about 1825, he entered the land from Congress, which he cultivated and lived upon until his death, which occurred on the 13th of November, 1883, at the advanced age of eighty -six. He joined the Meth- odist Episcopal Church in August, 1816, and was licensed as an exhorter in 1833, by Eli P. Farmer. He was a firm believer in the tiuth of the Bible and in the Christian religion, and tried to follow out every day, during his long and eventful life, the principles taught in that great Book. He was among the first to speak out against licensed saloons in Mooresville. He never had a law suit with any one, but peace seemed to crown his pathway, and he closed his life in full hope of im- mortality and eternal life. BENJAMIN F. TROGDON, farmer and stock dealer of Brown Tovmship, Morgan County, Ind., second of the twelve children of Joel J. and Sallie I. (Julian) Trogdon, was born in Randolph County, N. C, February 15, 1847. His parents emigrated from Carolina to Missouri, and from there came to Indiana in 1865, our subject having at that time been in Morgan County about five years. Benjamin grew to manhood on a farm, and at the common schools acquired the rudiments of an En- glish education. On February 9, 1864, he enlisted in Company L, Twenty-first Regiment, First Indiana Heavy Artillery, and served until January 10, 1866. August 17 following, having laid aside the accou- terments of war, he donned those of a true civilian, and forgetting not the many pretty promises he had made, and remembering the heart that beat most wildly as two tearful eyes glanced over the dispatches that told of the booming of the cannon at the siege of Mobile, he led to the altar El- mira J. Moon, and there took upon himself the obligation which enrolled him again in the service of his country, and though his commission en- titles him not to gilt bands and epaulets, he is nevertheless captain of the host which to the time of sweetest music engendered by happy hearts goes marching on, making the world better for having lived in it. Mr. and Mrs. Trogden are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They have had born to them four children— Ada B. (deceased), Lena D,, Glenney V. and Ida May. Mr. T. is a self-made man, and there is BROWN TOWNSHIP AND MOORESVILLE. 243 nothing in his make-up that he need be ashamed of. He belongs to the I. O. O. F. and G. A. K. EEV. JOHN ANTHONY WAED was born in Eook Island County, 111., December 25, 18^9, and is the second son and fourth child born to Stephen and Adaline (Baxter) Ward, natives respectively of North Carolina and Ohio, and of English extraction. The family came into Indiana in 1846 and located in Putnam County, where they resided several years, coming finally into Morgan County in 1857. John Anthony was reared upon a farm, and educated at the public schools, two terms of which he afterward taught. On February 16, 1860, he was married in Morgan County to Sylvina Farmer, and on August 12, 1862, enrolled at Indianapolis in Company D, Seventieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served about three years. He was with this regiment in many bloody engagements and escaped without injury. At Peach Tree Creek, Ga., he contracted chronic dysentery, from which he has never fully recovered. He has six children living — :Lanra L., Charles G., Luella Ann, Harry H., John S., Walter R. and Francis Asbury (deceased). He united with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1858, and in the fall of 1865 was licensed local preacher, and a year afterward entered the traveling connection. In 1868, he was ordained Deacon, and in Septem- ber, 1870, graduated in the theological course of study, and was regularly ordained Elder at Bloomington, Ind. In the fall of 1866, he was assigned to Francisco Circuit (Gibson County, Ind.), and has since devoted his entire time to the service of the Master. The Rev. Mr. Ward is a forcible and argumentative speaker. He has received into church membership not less than 1,200 persons. He fook charge of the Methodist Episcopal congregation at Mooresville in 1881, and is at this time upon the last year of the maximurti limit according to the rules of the church. He is purely a self-made man; belongs to .the Masonic order, and ignores politics. WILLIAM FLETCHER WHITE was bom in Putnam County, Ind., November 1, 1842, and is the second son and fourth child of John and Cynthia (Ruggles) White, natives of Virginia and Kentucky respectively. William F. was twenty-eight years of age before he left the parental roof for the purpose of making a home for himself. The vigorous exer- cises incident'to farm life, and the tutelage of the public schools had supplied him with both 'muscle and a fair English education before he arrived at his majority. In the spring of 1861, he enlisted in the three months' service as a private in Company H, Tenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and in the summer of 1862, did the sixty-day service in the Seventy-eighth Indiana. At Uniontown, Ky., the enemy " gobbled him up" and put a temporary " embargo " upon his soldiering. However, being full of patriotism and "fight," and having been exchanged as prisoner of war, he enlisted October, 1863, in Company F, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry ; was promoted to a non- commissioned office, and stayed with them until August 25, 1865. He fought the enemy at Richmond,' Ky., Kesaca, Ga., and in the Atlanta campaign, at Nashville, at Franklin, at Kingston, N. C, and at Kene- saw Mountain; and when the war was over, returned to his home as sound as a dollar. From 1866 to 1871, he worked at carriage-making in Green- castle, and in 1872 canvassed a few months in the picture business. He came to Mooresville in October of the latter year, and for five years worked as "journeyman" at his trade. In 1877, the firm of White & 244 BIOGEAPmCAL SKETCHES: Shanafelt, carriage manufacturers, was organized, and has proved a suc- cess. Mr- White was married, December 25, 1873, to Ladoskey Jenkins, and has had born to him two children — Jessie Peai'l and Arthur Earl. Mr. and Mrs. White are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the voting one of the family is a Eepublican. MICHAEL M. WILSON was born in Guilford County, N. C, on July 6, 1838, and was twenty years old when he came to Morgan County. His life has been spent upon the farm, and his learning, consisting of a fair English education, was not acquired at school. He was married, February 10, 1861, atMooresville, to Margaret, daughter of Hiram Staley, and has had bom to him ten children— William M. , John B., Mary C, Peter F., Charley O. (deceased), Michael M, Cora (deceased), Thomas M. (deceased), Eobert R. and India P. His parents, Louis and Mary (Coble) Wilson, were natives of North Carolina; came to Indiana in 1865, and have since resided in Morgan County, and at this writing are both octogenarians. They had five children, four sons and one daughter; the eldest being the subject of this sketch. Since July, 1883, M. M. Wilson, in addition to his farming and stock growing, has been engaged in the buying and shipping of grain at Mooresville. He is well fixed financially, every dollar of which has been acquired by his own industry. He be- longs to the Methodist Episcopal Church; holds official positions in both Masonic and Odd Fellows societies, and in politics is a Democrat. WILLIAM HENRY PRESLY WOODWARD is descended from the English and Welsh. His parents, William and Lavina (Munsee) Wood- ward, spent their |lives in Virginia — the mother, who lived seventeen, years after the death of the father, having died in 1834. Thev had three children; the youngest, William H. P., was born in Lee County, Va. , September 30, 1816, and came to Mooresville in the spring of 1835, having walked all the way. From fourteen to eighteen years of age, he learned the tailor's trade, and followed it for several years after coming to Mooresville. October 17, 1839, he was married to Keziah Bray, daughter of John H. Bray, one of the early settlers of Morgan County. She bore him five children, two of whom — Sarah and Ella — were living at her death, December 1, 1858. August 25, 1859, our subject married Lydia E. Thompson, who has borne him one child — Mattie, wife of W. A. Comer, of Martinsville, Ind. In 1853, Mr. Woodward accepted a clerkship with Holman Johnson in the mercantile business, and at the end of four years, in partnership with D. Fogleman, bought his employer out, since which time he has continued in the goods busi- ness, Mr. Fogleman having retired from the firm in 1856. July 3, 1881, his business house was consumed by fire, as was also much of his stock; but by the fall of the same year he had rebuilt, and was again in busi- ness at the old stand. He received little schooling. His father was a school-teacher, but his step-father took no interest in him. Mr. W. is a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a Republican. He inherited from his father one old book, and from his grandfather S65. What else he has has been acquired by his industry, and though some- what crippled by the burning of his store and by friends (?), for whom he unwisely indorsed, he is yet full of life and energy, and possessed of sufficient property to insure ease and tranquillity to his declining vears. HENRY L. WOODWARD is the fourth son of Clark aid Ann (Warren) Woodward, natives of Vermont and Ohio respectively, and was born in Jefferson County, Ind., October 26, 1840. He accompanied JACKSON TOWNSHIP AND MORGANTOWN. 245 his parents to Mooresville in the summer of 1861, and here he has since remained. His father, who died at the age of seventy-two years, was Postmaster at Mooresville from the year 1861 to 1864-65, and was suc- ceeded therein by the subject of this sketch, who held the office for several years, carrying on the boot and shoe business at the same time. In 1873, he former! a partnership with Eeuben Harris in the grocery business. In 1875, Mr. Harris sold out to James Hinson, and the business was con- tinued imder the firm name of Woodward & Hinson until November, 1879, since which time Mr. "Woodward has been alone. In February, 1873, he was married in Mooresville to Artie, daughter of William Eose, of Ohio, and has had born to him four children — Luther, Walter, Charles and Sadie. From about the year 1868 to 1880, excepting prob- ably one year of the time, Mr. Woodward held the office of Clerk of the town of Mooresville. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Eepublican, a good citizen, an honorable merchant, and does the leading grocery business of Mooresville. JACKSON TOWNSHIP AND MORGANTOWN. HUGH ADAMS, pioneer farmer and stock-raiser, was born April 11, 1808, in Henry County, Ky., and is the eleventh of the fourteen children of David and Polly (Kephart) Adams, the former a native of Ireland, the latter of Germany, and respectively of Irish and German descent. David Adams came to this county about 1830, remained awhile and returned to Kentucky, then came back, and here finished his course of life. Hugh Adams was brought up to farming, and located in this township in 1832, which has since been his residence, he living now upon his original entry of 120 acres, to which he has added 180, making a large farm, well improved and stocked. When he was eighteen years old, he became an apprentice to the blacksmithing trade, which he set up in Morgantown and continued five years. He afterward engaged in farming, working alternately on the land and in bis shop; but after 1869, he devoted himself entirely to his farm and stock-raising. Mr. Adams has been twice married — first, Janu- ary 8, 1829, with Miss Euth Paton, who bore ten children — Charity, David, Mary J., Elizabeth, Christina, Euth (deceased), C. H., Amy, Sarah (de- ceased), and an infant deceased. His second marriage was with Mrs. Eunice Kephart, August 26, 1875. Mr. Adams is a Democrat, and gave his first vote for Gen. Jackson. His career has been honorable and his life a useful one. He and wife are members of the Baptist Church. JACOB ADAMS, farmer and stock- raiser, was born in this township July 24, 1829, and is the eldest of the six children of Henry and Amy (Kephart) Adams, both natives of Kentucky, and of Irish and German descent respectively, who came to and settled in this vicinity in 1828. Jacob attended school some time during the winters,and worked on the farm in other seasons until he was twenty-five years of age, when he began the effort of taking care of himself, as a help to which he received 100 acres of rich land as a parental reward. April 13, 1854, he wedded Miss Mary Lake, a native of Virginia, which marriage gave being to six children — George A., Eebecca A. (deceased), Henry A., John J. C, Hendricks V. 246 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: and infant. Mr. Adams is an esteemed member of the Masonic frater- nity, of the Knights of Honor, and also of the Democratic party, and has served his township seven years sis Trustee and four years as Assessor. He is an advocate of all 'good and progressive measures, a well-to-do farmer and able manager. Mrs. Adams is a member of the Missionary Bap- tist Church. SAMUEL T. ADAMS, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of this township, was bom May 19, 1848, and is the fourth o£ the eight children of Henry and Nancy (Slusser) Adams. Samuel T. Adams received a common school education, and was reared to the venerable business of farming. He worked for his parents until he was twenty -five years of age, at which period he began life on his own account, his father pre- senting him with eighty acres of good land, on which he has erected buildings and added other improvements, making a good home and a de- sirable property. May 25, 1873, he married Miss Jemima Kephart, a native of Owen County, and to which union five children have been be- stowed — -Nancy O., deceased; William H.; Charity J., deceased; Ida M., deceased; and an infant unnamed. Mr. Adams is an energetic Demo- crat, a rational and charitablo._gentlemjEm, and a prosperous farmer and stock breeder. Mr. and Mrs. Adams are highly respected members of their community. JOSEPH ADAMS, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of this town- ship, was born March 221, 1852, and is the eighth of the twelve children of Henry and Nancy (Sluser) Adams, the former a native of Kentucky, the latter of Virginia, and- of English and German extraction respect- ively. Joseph Adams was reared to the farming profession, and received a fair education. He is the owner of eighty acres of good land; his father — who is now residing with bim in his age — having given to each of his children some assistance. Recently Mr. Adams has added forty acres to the paternal gift, making a valuable property and a desirable home. He is a Democrat by political preference, and a liberal and re- garded citizen. Thus far he has been successful in the battle for inde- pendence, and, with his good management and bright foresight he must become one of the prosperous farmers of his section. JOHN ADAMS, farmer and stock-raiser, was born December 14, 1834, in this township, and is the second of the fourteen children of Jacob and Julia A. (Shell) Adams, the former a native of Kentucky, the latter of East Tennessee, and of Irish and German descent respectively. Jacob Adams came hither about 1830, married, went back to Kentucky for about two years, when he returned to this county and reared a family. In 1862, he was elected County Treasurer; he is now a resident of Kansas. John Adams gave his boyhood to the labor of the fgrm, during which he ob- tained about three months" schooling each year; but he qualified himself by self-study, and has taught two terms of school. November 20, 1856, he married Miss Ann Lake, a native of this county, which union was fol- lowed by ten children, eight of whom were named Leroy, Joseph S., Jacob (deceased), Mary A., William K., Amanda C, Elizabeth and George H. Mr. Adams has managed his business successfully, now having two good farms, and dealing somewhat in stock. In politics, he has always been a Democrat, and was elected Township Trustee in 1866, which office he held for three terms. Mr. Adams is a liberal citizen, an advocate of public education, and a member of the Knights of Honor. Mrs. Adams is an esteemed member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JACKSON TOWNSHIP AND MORGANTOVVN. 247 GEN. "WILL A. ADAMS' (deceased) was born near Greenville, E. Tenn., October 24, 1839, and was the eldest of the family of David B. and Desdemona (Orto) Adams, natives of Tennessee, and of Scotch de- scent, who moved to Brown County, Ind. , in 1849, where our subject was educated. During the war — 1861 — he enlisted in Company C, Twenty- second Indiana Volunteers, at which time he was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Brown County. He was made Secolnd Lieutenant, and, from efficiency and valor, promoted again and again, until at the close of the war he was Colonel of the One Hundred and Forty-fifth Indiana Eegi- ment, and, when discharged, a Brigadier General. He was a brave, hon- orable, worthy officer, and an affable and respected gentleman. After the war, he engaged in merchandising in Brown County, in which, as in all his efforts, he was signally successful, and happy in obtaining the confi- dence of the community. Mr. Adams married, July 9, 1861, Miss Mary K. Butler, of Belmont County, Ohio, with an issue of four children — • Amanda (born September 19, 1865), Ada L. (born May 1, 1868, died January 12, 1869), Edwin B. (born January 19, 1870, died August 6, 1876) and Emma D. (born August 11, 1872). In the midst of his useful- ness, and in all his well-earned glory, the great ravager, consumption, laid untimely hands upon him, and carried him through death to greater victory than any earth had given him. He was a true member of the Masonic fraternity, and also of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His funeral was large, and his body was interred in the peerless ceremony of Freemasonry. In politics, he was Republican. He left his widow well cared for, and provided for his children a fair beginning. EZRA H. BBIGGS, stock-raiser and farmer, was born October 8, 1823, in Franklin County, Mass., and is the ninth of the thirteen chil- dren born to Simeon and Elizabeth (Saddler) Briggs, natives of Massa- chusetts and of English extraction. Ezra was reared a farmer, and remained in his native county until he was twenty-six years old, at which time he came to this State and settled in Dearborn County, where he was engaged at farming for several years. In 1863, he came to Morgan County, which has since been his home. Mr. Briggs is a member of the Republican party, by which he is very highly regarded, and was elected in the spring of 1872 Assessor of this township. He is a man of liberal views, of generous character and a prosperous farmer and raiser of stock. GEORGE E. BRONSON was born in Summit County, Ohio, Janu- ary 25, 1823. He is a deaf mute, in consequence of early inflammation of the drums of the ears. He graduated at the Deaf and Dumb Insti- tute at Columbus, Ohio, where he remained five years, and later learned the printing trade in Cleveland; but, becoming discouraged, he went to work for the Recorder of Lenawee County, Mich.; moved thence to De- troit and was in the Auditor's office, where he remained three months; thence he went to Milwaukee and thence to Iowa City, where he became a legislative clerk, and afterward worked in the Recorder's office at St. Louis. He was later appointed Principal of the Deaf and Dumb Insti- tute at Nashville, Tenn., where he remained until the war began, after which he purchased 200 acres of land, and made a trial of farming. July 14, 1852, he married Lucy C. Blacknall, of Tennessee, the result of which union was ten children — Josephine Alice, Charles Egbert, Benja- min Franklin, Emma Dora, Abraham Lincoln, Fannie Lisslie, Clarence Ashley, Silas Ailing, Mildred Maggie and Ida Lucy. After the death of his first wife, Mr. Bronson wedded, in Logansport, Ind., Annie Barnes; 248 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: this marriage took place May 5, 1874, and was followed by five children: Effie Nellie, Cassie Mabel, Jessie Edna, Myrtle Maud and George Eg- bert, Jr. In 1868, he sold his Tennessee property and moved to Morgan- town, Ind. His father beijueathed him $15,000 and his uncle a lik^ amount. W. H. BUTLEE, M. D., prominent physician and surgeon of Mor- gantown, was born January 15, 1846, in Jennings County, Ind., and is the fourth of the six children of George and Eliza (Stott) Butler, na- tives of Kentucky, and of Irish and English descent respectively. They removed to Bartholomew County, Ind. , where our subject received some education, worked on the farm, and grew to manhood, having sufficient money to pay for three years' tuition at Hartsville. December 4, 1863, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Twentieth Begiment In- diana Volunteer Infantry, served at the battles of Dalton, Marietta, Ken- esaw Mountain, Atlanta, Columbia, Franklin, Nashville and Kingston. He was discharged January 8, 1866, after which he prepared himself for teaching; taught two terms; became salesman in a drug store, and be- gan the study of medicine under Dr. McLeod, of Barnesville, which he continued two years, then attended lectures at the Indiana Medical In- stitute, at Indianapolis, and graduated in 1879, having previously prac- ticed at Middlebury, where he continued for a time. May 31, 1877, he married Miss Jennie Horner, with a result of two children — Chloe A. and George J. In 1880, Dr. Butler came to Morgantown, in which place he has established a good and growing practice. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and an active Republican. Mrs. Butler is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. MOSES T. COFFEY, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of this county, was born May 24, 1831, and is the fifth of the ten children of Lewis and Delilah (Turpin) Coffey, natives of Kentucky, and respectively of English and Irish descent. Lewis Coffey emigrated to this county in 1828; entered land, which he afterward cleared and sold, then engaged in flat-boating to New Orleans and died in the spring of 1844. Moses was reared on the paternal farm, and received the rudiments of an edu- cation from subscription schools. After the death of his father, the uare of the family descended upon him, and to which he gave the wages earned by monthly labor; yet now, as a result of his economy and appli- cation, be owns a good farm of fifty acres, containing stock, and being generally well improved. March 11, 1852, he married Miss Lucinda Eenner, a native of Ohio, born March 24, 1834, a union which has been prolific in thirteen children, only eight of whom received names — George W., Mary J., John D., Philip L., Barbara A., Eliza C, Martha P. and William T. Mr. Coffey is a radical and active Democrat, by which party he was elected Justice of the Peace in 1874, for a term of four years. He is a liberal gentleman and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. F. M. COLEMAN, retired farmer, was born April 10, 1823, in the State of Ohio, and is the fifth of the eight children of Jacob and Eliza- beth (Thomas) Coleman, the former a native of Virginia, the latter of Pennsylvania, and respectively of German and English descent. F. M. Coleman was reared a farmer, and received but sixteen days' schooling; yet he has made himself a fair scholar by application. When he was sixteen years old, his parents moved to Johnson County, Ind., where he remained until 1880, engaged in farming, at which time he sold his place JACKSON TOWNSHIP AND MORGANTOWN. 249 and retired to Morgantown. He began business when of age; was al- ways successful and industrious, and when young worked at wagon-mak- ing, coopering and blacksmithing, when not employed on his farm. He has also dealt largely in and been a shipper of stock. May 14, 1845, he married Miss Mary A. Woolard, who died August 6, 1877, having borne seven children — Eliza J., Jacob (deceased), Lavica, Maranda H. , Ophelia, Margaret (deceased) and Marion. His second wife was Miss Ada Wright, a graduate of Lebanon College,Ohio, the ceremony taking place December 24, 1881. This lady died in less than one year. His third wife is Re- becca Stephens, a native of Putnam County, Ind., and also a graduate of Lebanon College, which ceremony was performed May 17, 1883. Mr. Coleman is an active member of the Masonic and Odd Fellow fraterni- ties. He is a liberal and respected gentleman, and votes with the Dem- ocratic party. JAMES S. COLEMAN (deceased), was born in Hartford, Conn., No- vember 29, 1848, and was the third of the four children of Jesse O. and Salina M (Gardner) Coleman, both natives of Connecticut, who moved to Columbus, Ind., in 1850, and thence to Edinburg. James S. received a good school education, and early evinced an aptitude for business, for when but twelve years old he bought and sold tax titles on speculation, and when thirteen assisted his father in his store. In 1863, he enlisted in Compary I, Ninety-third Indiana Volunteers, and served through the war, being discharged November 29, 1865. In the following spring, he entered into partnership with his father in the stove, tin and hardware business. In 1872, he purchased bis father's interest, and after- ward he sustained several heavy losses, but soon resumed. H^ was also owner of a saw and planing mill, and was one of the most enter- prising and successful men of his time. May 10, 1870, he married Miss Harriet Lake, with an issue of five children — Jesse, deceased; James O., born June 15, 1874; Cora E., born September 8, 1877; Walter Z., born October 8, 1879; and Cecil C, born July 5, 1882. Mrs. Coleman was born March 17, 1851. Mr. Coleman died January 9, 1883. He was an earnest member of the order of Odd Fellows, an active laborer for the Republican party, and a lamented citizen. Mr. Coleman left his family in comfortable circumstances, with several farms and a good town prop- erty. ROBERT C. DAVIS, merchant at Mahalasville, was born December 18, 1833, in Hancock County, W. Va. , and is the eldest of the family of Enoch and Nancy (Cunningham) Davis, natives of West Virginia, and respectively of Welsh and Irish descent. Robert, in company with his parents, moved to Washington County, Penn., where he attended the high school and acquired a good education. He early showed a tact for business, and when seventeen engaged as traveling salesman, which he followed some years, and then peddled on his own account. In 1862, be and parents moved to Georgetown, Brown County, where he continued in business until 1877 ; during this trip he lost his goods by the sinking of the boat transporting them. January 1, 1856, he married Miss Louisa H Ritchey, of Ohio, with the following issue: John C, William W. and James W. (twins), Ella M., Eva E., Nancy J., Robert, Charley C, Edgar and Lela. While in Ohio, Mr. Davis served two terms as Trustee. He is Postmaster, railroad agent and express agent; carries a large stock of goods, and is an upright and efiScient business man. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Knights of Honor. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are members of the Presbyterian Church. 250 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: DAVID S. DODSON, blacksmith and wagon-maker at Mahalasville, is a native of Hardin County, Ky. ; was born August 2, 1834, and is a son of John B. and Catharine (Ament) Dodson, the former a native of Kentucky, the latter of Holland, and of English and German extraction respectively. The subject of this sketch received a good common-school education; was reared a farmer, and remained with his parents until his twenty-fifth year, at which age he commenced learning his trade, which he has since almost constantly followed, besides having served nearly four years in the regular army. In the fall of 1862, he began business for himself at his present loca'tion. The spring of 1 868, he married Miss Sarah E. Helton, a native of Morgan County, Ind. , who died after hav- ing borne one child — Judiah K. (deceased). Mrs. Dodson was a member of the M. P. Church. Mr. Dodson is a member of the Masonic frater- nity, the I. O. O. F. and the United Order of Honor. He is an enthu- siastic Democrat, by which party he was elected Justice of the Peace in 1878, and again in the spring of 1882. CAPT. PETEE FESLER, Justice of the Peace and cabinet-maker at Morgantown, is a native of Botetourt County, Va. , was born April 27, 1836, and is the third of the family of John and Kebecca (Bickner) Pes- ler, natives of Virginia and of German extraction, who came to this county in 1838, and remaioed until their deaths. Peter Eesler received a plain education, worked on the farm, and when eighteen years old settled to learn carpentering, which he afterward followed. April, 1861, he enlisted for three months in Company K, Seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry ; was in the first engagement of the war at Philippi, Va. After this term he re-enlisted in Company G, Twenty-seventh Indiana Volun- teer Infantry; was made First Lieutenant and afterward Captain; served three years, and was in all the battles of the Potomac division. After his service expired,he was retained and given command of Company E, Seventieth Indiana Regiment, and so served until the end, being dis- charged at Washington, D. C. On returning to peace, he resumed his trade, and in 1880 began business for himself. December 31, 1869, he married Miss Emma Collett, of Johnson County, Ind., to which union have followed three children — Leo K., Mayo R. and Luna A. Mr. Fes- ler is an ardent Republican, and was made Justice of the Peace in 1882. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. WILLIAM THOMAS GIBSON, merchant at Morgantown, was born March 8, 1862, in Greene County, Tenn., and is the second of the nine children of Charles and Sarah E. (Kelton) Gibson, the former a native of Tennessee, the latter of Virginia, and both of English descent, who first moved to Franklin, Ind. ; remained two years, and then to Nashville, Ind., where they now reside. William Thomas remained at home until he was twenty years of age, at which period he came to Morgantown and engaged in his present enterprise, first as a grocery trade, to which he has added dry goods and notions, of which he has always a full line and carries a $3,000 stock. He has a good practical education and is a first-class business man, having begun business with $10 cash capital' September 21, 1881, he married Miss Amanda, daughter of Col. W. S. Adams (deceased), a long resident of Morgantown. Mr. Gibson is a member of the Masonic fraternity; inclined to the Republican party po- litically, and is a promising young merchant. Mrs. Gibson is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. REUBEN C. GRIFFITT, M. D., physician and surgeon at Morgan- town, was bom December 28, 1845, in the identical dwelling in which JACKSON TOWNSHIP AND MORGANTOWN. 251 he now resides, and is the thirteenth of the fourteen children of Reuben and Lovina (Shell) Griffitt, natives of Sullivan County, E. Tenn. They •were early settlers of this township, and here ended their days. Beuben C. Griffitt was reared in Morgantown, and went to school and worked on the farm until he was eighteen years of age. February, 1864, he became a soldier of his country; was in the range of battles from Chattanooga to Atlanta; captured at Jonesboro, September 1, 1864; confined at Ander- sonville, Florence and Charleston, in all six months, and released February 26, 1865. On account of disability, he received a furlough, which was renewed until his discharge, June, 1865. He then attended school until 1868, when he studied medicine under Dr. Johnson, of Martinsville, for two years, and attended lectures and graduated at the University of Louisville in 1870, soon after which he opened an office at Morgantown; practiced until 1875; then attended lectures in New York, receiving there the ad eundem degree. He then resumed his practice, with honor and renown. August 14, 1872, ho married Miss Minerva D. Pressor (sister of the present Auditor), and his union has been favored with three children — Harry D. , Bessie L. and Delia M. Dr. Griffitt is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, and his wife of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JAMES HAMILTON, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of Wayne County, Ky., was born January 13, 1815, and is the fourth of the eleven children of John and Elender (Collett) Hamilton, the former a native of North Carolina, the latter of South Carolina, and of Scotch-Irish and English extraction, who came to and settled in this township in 1825. John Hamilton was a pioneer, and made the third entry of land. He, with the assistance of his family, improved a good farm from these prim- itive wilds, and here closed his useful life. James received a frontier education, and was reared to assist his father, with whom he remained until his twenty -second year; then receiving from his sire the sum of $50, with which to begin his own sustaining; and with this he entered forty acres, which has grown to be 200 of choice and valuable land, well improved — all the outcome of labor and frugality. 'October 20, 1836, he wedded Miss Teresa Dorothy, of Kentucky birth, and this marriage was cemented by five children — Elender, Lucinda, William R. , Jesse (deceased) and Louisa (deceased). Mr. Hamilton is a stanch Repub- lican; a liberal and benevolent gentleman, now rearing the three children of his yoimgest daughter. He and wife are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. JOHN F. HAMILTON, farmer aud stock-raiser, was born April 12, 1833, in this copnty, and is the fourth of the seven children of James H. and Hannah (Francis) Hamilton, natives of Kentucky, and respect- ively of Irish and German descent. James H. Hamilton moved to John- son County, led., in 1829, remained two years, then moved to this town- ship, where he died. He was one of the first settlers and, with the aid of his son John, made one of the best farms in the township.' John F. Hamilton was bred a farmer, and afibrded such education as the schools could give. After the death of his father, which took place in the win- ter of 1861, he took charge of the farm and remained with his mother until her death in 1881. He then purchased the homestead, containing 120 acres, to which he added forty, and has now a good farm, with many and valuable improvements. January 28, 1864, he married Miss Matilda Ferguson, born October 8, 1841, by which union they have become par- ents of nine children — Lucy A., William F. (deceased), Mary B.,' Al- io 252 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: mira M., James E., Ira W., Minnie, John E. and Clarence R. Mr. Hamilton is an able manager of his affairs and a prosperous, liberal gen- tleman. He and his wife are communicants of the Methodist Episcopal Church. . . , . ABEAM B. HART, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of this township; was born July 13, 1819, in Sussex County, N. J., and is the third of four children born to Nathaniel and Mercy (Rose) Hart, natives of New Jersey, and respectively of English and Irish extraction. Abram was reared a farmer, and in 1841 came to this county, locating where he still resides. With the help of $1,300, he has succeeded in life, and owns a farm of 220 acres, 150 of which are under fine cultivation, with good orchard and many improvements. February 8, 1840, he married Miss Sarah A. Chipps, daughter of Morris and Margaret Chipps, of New Jersey, with a result of nine children — Mercy, Margaret A., Amos S. , Mary (deceased), Aaron E. (deceased), Mahala E., John W., Sarah E. and Emma M. Mr. Hart is a practical and prosperous farmer, and a life-long Democrat, having given his first vote for Mr. Van Buren. He is a man of progressive ideas, and a model father and husband, and a very greatly, esteemed citizen. MATTHEW T. HANCOCK, druggist at Morgantown, was born May 1, 1849, in Harrison County, lud., and is the third of the seven children of Benjamin H. and Margaret A. (Senssensney) Hancock, the forpoer a native of Tennessee and of Irish, the latter of Virginia and of German descent, who now reside in Washington, in this State. Matthew was reared a farmer, and continued to labor as such until he was eighteen years of age, when he engaged as salesman at Bloomfield, and remained in that employment more than two years, afterward at Bowling Green, and then began business on tisown account in Lancaster, Owen County, with a stock of drugs, and continued this two years. After disposing of his stock, he became a salesman for Robinson & Co., of Terre Hauta, for one year. July, 1880, he came to Morgantown and engaged in his pres- ent! enterprise, in which he has been signally successful. Mr. Hancock has always been a diligent student and a close observer. May 3, 1882, he married Miss Effie C. Johnson, of Spencer, a member of the Method- ist Episcopal Church. Mr. Hancock belongs to the Masonic fraternity. He has the promise of becoming a leading business man of his section, having begun business with but $50, and being now worth probably 15,000. W. W. HELTON, farmer and stock-raiser, was bom October 25, 1807, in East Tennessee, and is the fifth of the eight children of Beecher aild Susan (Winkler) Helton, natives of North Carolina, and respectively of English and German extraction. After the death of his father, our sub- ject moved with his mother to Kentucky, where he was reared on a farm. In 1828, he came to this county and entered the land on which he now resides — having once owned 310 acres in the county, and now has 190. For several years he followed the trade of a shoemYiker. September 6, 1827, he married Miss Nancy Hale, of Tennessee, with an issue of ten children— James B., Eliza J., Julia A., Harriet L. (deceased), Sarah E. (deceased), Mary C, Nancy (deceased), Miranda (deceased), John W. and Susan C. Mr. Helton is a strong Democrat, having first voted for Gen. Jackson; he also took an active part in the late Grange movement. He is a worthy citizen, and has the blessed record of a well-spent life. He and wife have been members for fifty years of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. JACKSON TOWNSHIP AND MORGANTOWN. 253'- JAMBS HICKEY, stoak-raiser and farmer, is a native of Sullivan County, E. Tenn. ; was born January 5, 1824, and is the eldest of the nine in family of John and Catherine (Shell) Hickey, the former a na- tive of East Tennessee, and of English, the latter of Pennsylvania and of German descent, who emigrated to this township in 1843, and lived and died here. James Hickey received the rudiments of an education from the public schools, in the meantime working on the home farm and assisting his father at the trade of brick-laying. He continued to per- form these duties until he was twenty-four. In 1854, he commenced mercantile business at Morgantown, and was recognized as a successful and leading merchant until his retirement, November 1, 1883. He now resides on a snug and attractive farm of thirty-five acres, cultivated and improved, and still deals largely and only in the purchase and disposi- tion of timber. November 23, 1848, he married Miss Hulda Swain, which union was blessed by five children — George S. (deceased), John H. (deceased), Mary C. , Elbert M. , and Walter S. (deceased). Mr. Hick- ey is an old-time member of the I. O. O. F., an active Republican since the rebellion and a liberal and benevolent gentleman. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. I JAMES H. HICKMAN, stock- raiser and farmer, is a native of John- son County, Ind. ; was born December 2, 1833, and is the fourth of the six children of James T. and Dorothy (Hamilton) Hickman, natives of Kentucky, and respectively of English and Irish descent, who came to this section of the State in 1832; afterward moved to near Morgantown, where he closed his life. James H. Hickman was reared to the business of fiarming. He began for himself on reaching manhood, and, although he received but $600 as an aid in the struggle of life, has accumulated 350 acres of fine land, in good cultivation and with many improvements. March 2, 1854, he married Miss Elender Hamilton, of Morgan County, which union has been crowned by six children — Theresa J., deceased; Louisa I.; William H., deceased; Joseph P., James N. and Ira E. ; they have also adopted a daughter — Louisa I. Donnell. Mr. Hick- man is a Republican, and was an active member of the Grange organiza- tion. He is a liberal contributor to every good work, and an esteemed citizen. He and wife are efficient members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOHN S. HINEj stock-raiser and farmer, was born in Lincoln County, N. C, January 3, 1836, and is the second child of John G. and Mary M. (Bolinger) Hine, both of whom were born in the " Old North State," and of German extraction. Our subject remained at home until he was twenty-eight years old; then began efforts for himself, and, with- out any assistance, has obtained a good home and farm, embracing sixty- seven acres, well situated, drained, stocked, and containing various im- provements. He was reared a farmer, working during summer and going- to school during winter. August 27, 1863, he married Miss Marietta A. Prather, born November 10, 1844, in this State. This union gave issue to two children — David L., born February 22, 1866, and Jarvis E., de- ceased, March 30, 1872. Mr. Hine took an earnest part in the late Grange organization, and is an active Democrat, having given his first suffrage for Stephen A. Douglas. He is a genial, generous, enlightened and progressive citizen, also an advocate of public education. In 1882, he was elected Road Superintendent. Mr. and Mrs. Hine are communi- cants of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 254 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: OLIVER L. HINE, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of this county, was born November 22, 1846, and is the sixth of eleven children born to John G. and Mary M. (Bolinger) Hine, both natives of North Carolina, who came hither about 1837, at which early period the country was a wild, but of which they have made a desirable home and valuable property, comprising 302 acres well situated and improved, with full amount of stock. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. Oliver L. Hine is ndw managing his father's farm. He is a promising and energetic gentleman, a stanch Democrat and a member of the I. O. O. F. Like his father, he is liberal in character and progressive in ideas, and is a useful and appreciated member of society. HABRY JACKSON was born May 29, 1848, in Jefferson County, Ind., and is the fifth of the eight children of Samuel and Jane (Hillis) Jackson, the former a native of North Carolina, the latter of Indiana. Harry remained with his parents on the farm until he was sixteen years of age, when he began the struggle of life for himself, working by the inonth until August 12, 1862, when he enlisted in Company I, Seventieth Indiana Voluntary Infantry, serving in the battles of Dallas, Resaca, Marietta, Savannah, New Hope Church, Atlanta. Peach Tree Creek and Bentonville, where he was captured and sent to Libby Prison, being made to march 170 miles, and with but one meal in three days. He was held captive from February, 1864, until the day before Mr. Lincoln's assassination, and was discharged June 30, 1865. After his return, he purchased a farm in Johnson County, and September 26, 1867, married Miss OUie F. Miller, who died, leaving four children — Rosa, Guy, Roy and Eddie; she was a member of the Christian Church. His second wife was Miss Sarah A. Lake, whom he married February 27, 1880. Until the fall of that year, Mr. Jackson followed farming and buying and sell- ing stock, but afterward came to Morgantown and engaged in the keeping of a bakery and butcher shop. Mr. Jackson i^ a Republican, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. GEORGE W. KEMP, farmer and stock-raiser, was born December 9, 1849, in this county, and is the sixth of the nine children of James and Christina (MoGowan) Kemp, natives of Kentucky, and respectively of /English and German extraction. James Kemp was a son of John and Nancy Kemp, of North Carolina. He came to this county in 1826, where our subject was educated to farm work, grew to manhood, and "has ever remained. He continued at home until he was twenty-three years of age, when he began business for himself, with no capital but a bold heart and a strong will. February 14, 1872, he married Mrs. Caroline (Norman) Hamilton, of this county, born March 3, 1844. This marriage was honored by three children— Rebecca J., Andrew J. and Sarah E. Mr. Kemp has been reasonably successful in his efforts for independence. He has a farm of 165 acres, well located, cultivated and improved. He is an ardent' Democrat, and socially an honorable and benevolent gentle- man. Mrs. Kemp is a member of the Separate Baptist Church. SAMUEL KEMP, farmer and stock-raiser, was born February 6, 1842, in this county, and is the eighth of the nine children of Samuel and Tabitha (Hicks) Kemp, both natives of Tennessee, and of English extraction. The subject of this sketch received a fair education, and was reared to the plow by his father, who located in this township about 1840, and where he died, having acquired 200 acres, which he sold to his son Samuel, who now cultivates 150 acres thereof. February 9, 1865, JACKSON TOWNSHIP AND MORGANTOWN. 255 he married Miss Nancy J. Kent, a native of this county, which union has been cemented by four children — George (born November 29, 1865), Lewis (born May 23, 1868), David (born September 13, 1870), and Corda E. (born June 26, 1874). Mr. Kemp takes proper pride in bestowing education on his children, and is liberal and progressive in his character. He is a shrewd manager and a careful investigator, a good business man and a respected citizen. In political matters,Mr. Kemp is a solid Dem- ocrat. JAMES KEPHAET, stock-raiser and farmer, was born in Henry County, Ky., July 17, 1823, and is the second of the family of William and Elizabeth (Herrel) Kephart, also natives of Kentucky, and of German and English extraction respectively. James was brought to Clark County, Ind., by his parents in 1824, where they lived two years; ihen removed to Johnson County and remained thirteen years, after which they came to this county, where James received some education and was taught farm- ing. March 26, 1846, he married Miss Mary A. Moore, of Kentucky, who died a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the> mother of eight children — Serilda, Eobert M., John W., Christina, Clar- inda, Mahala (deceased) and two infants (deceased). Mr. Kephart re- ceived no assistance in his early struggles for home and land, but has now 160 acres, favorably located and well improved and cultivated, with many improvements. He is a stalwart Democrat, a good business man- ager and a respected citizen. His son is now managing his farm mechan- ically and he overseeing. ISAAC KNIGHT, farmer and stock-raiser, was bom in Nansemond County, Va. , October 16. 1830, and is the sixth of the eighteen children of Levin and Emily (Ellis) Knight, both natives of Virginia, and respect- ively of English and German extraction, who emigrated to Monroe! County, Ind., in 1832, remained seven years, thence moved to Brown County for twelve years, and thence to Iowa. Isaac Knight was reared a farmer, with the rudiments of an education. In 1852, he came to Mor- gan County and settled in the village of Cope, where he engaged in busi- ness for two years, and afterward took up farming. He has been very suc- cessful in his efforts, being the owner of 120 acres of good and improved land, together with eight residences, a brick block and a public hall — these the result of his ability and energy, he having received but $2,5001 from his father-in-law's estate. May 14, 1854, he married Miss Emily Briant, which union has b'een favored with nine children, eight having lived to receive names — Benjamin, John W., "William B., Annie M., Nettie, Alonzo, Clarence and Lulie. Mr. Knight is a member of the Masonic fraternity and an active Eepublican; he cast his first vote for Henry Clay. Mr. and Mrs. Knight are members of the Christian Church, having been such since they were seventeen years of age. JOHN W. KNIGHT, school teacher and merchant at Morgantown, was born February 11, 1857, in this county, and is the second of the nine children of Isaac and Emily (Briant) Knight, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of this county. Our subject was reared a farmer, and obtained a good education, having been a one- year student of Butler University. He remained at home until he was twenty-two years of age, when he began life for himself as a teacher, and as which he has been remarkably successful. September 1, 1883, he purchased the grocery stock of Abraham Wootten, and has since managed the business satisfae- totily, having a salesman to attend to his store while engaged in teaching. -256 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: February 27, 1879, he married Miss Lizzie Blackburn, of Brown County, Ind which union has been favored with two children— Omar (born Decern, ber 20, 1880) and Otto M. (born December 14, 1883). Mr. Knight is a suc- cessful man, and is in prospect of a large and increasing trade, being a good observer and a shrewd manager. He is a liberal Republican politi- cally, and a generous and valued citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Knight are both members of the Christian Church. JACOB T. LEACH, stock-raiser and farmer, was born September 10, 1850, in Johnson County, Ind., and is the seventh of the eleven children ■of John A. and Abigail (Miller) Leach, both natives of Kentucky, and of Scotch and German extraction respectively. In 1853, these parents moved to this county and located in Green Township. Jacob T. Leaeh has made his home in this locality since the coming of his father, for whom he labored, except during school periods, for several years. When seventeen years old, he began the experiment of life for himself, and, being industrious and economical, saved the money to found his success. September 22, 1872, he married Miss Sarah I. Adams, a native of this township. Five children have crowned this union — John H., Joseph B., William E., Nancy B. and Robert T. (deceased). Mr. Leach is a practical farmer, an energetic worker, a liberal and respected citizen, and an active Democrat. He has made his own way with but little aid, although his wife received $2,000 from her parents as a re- ward of her fidelity to them. OWEN LLOYD, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of Ireland; was born March 21, 1807, and is the seventh of the ten children of Owen and Margaret (Murdock) Lloyd, both natives of Ireland. Owen received a good ordinary education and was reared a farmer. His grandfather and a brother received from Oliver Cromwell a grant of 1,900 acres of land, and his father was a large land owner and extensive farmer. In. 1 834, our subject emigrated to these shores, settled in Cleveland, Ohio, for four years, and thereafter, in 1839, came to his present home and farm. To his original forty acres he added until he owned at one time 360 acres, most of which he has bestowed among his children. When ■quite a young man, Mr. Lloyd manifested a predilection for trading, in which he was generally successful, and is, indebted to no one but himself for his progress and prosperity. April 7, 1838, he married Miss Sarah ■Coleman, a native of Ohio. To this union were bestowed nine children — Robert C. (deceased), Edwin (deceased), Owen, Davis (deceased), Clotilda, Alice, Francis C, Eliza, and an infant unnamed. Mr. Lloyd is a Democrat, and was twice elected Trustee of this township; he is also a benevolent and worthy citizen. Mr. Lloyd is a member of the Episcopal, and Mrs. Lloyd of the Missionary Baptist Church. JOHN F. MAXWELL, liveryman at Morgantown, is a native of Butler County, Ohio; was born August 14, 1849, and is the third of the seven children of John K. and Ellen (McElwain) Maxwell, the former a native of Pennsylvania, the latter of New Jersey, who moved to Johnson County, Ind., in 1860. John F. Maxwell began the way of life for himself, when seventeen years of age, by taking charge of a woolen factory at Eminence, Ind., having formerly worked in such a place. This he continued for eighteen months, when he moved to Brownsburg and had charge of the weaving department for about three years; thence he went to Crawfordsville, and there had charge of a woolen factory for about six years, and finally came to Morgantown and JACKSON TOWNSHIP AND MORGANTOWN. 257 began his present enterprise — livery and stave-making. In 1883, he shipped about 3,500,000 staves. Mr. Maxwell has been twice married — first, to Miss Mary J. Gibson, who died after bearing two children — both ot whom departed before getting names; second, to Miss Minerva J. Julian, who is a member 'of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Maxwell is an energetic business man,* an esteemed citizen and an active Democrat. GEOKGE M MONTGOMERY, hardware merchant at Morgantown, is a native of Johnson County, Ind., and is the second child of his par- ents, Duncan and Lillis (Holman) Montgomery, the former a native of Scotland, the latter of Indiana. Mr. Montgomery emigrated to Amer- ica in 1832. George M. was born December 15, 1853; was reared a farmer, and worked thereat and attended school until he was sixteen years old, at which time he became a cripple, and thus incapacitated from farm labor, although he is owner of 137J acres of excellent land, im- proved and cultivated. In the summer of 1880, he moved to Morgan - town and purchased the hardware business of James S. Comer, which he has since managed successfully and satisfactorily. He carries a varied stock of about $3, 500, which is increasing. October 17, 1876, he married Miss Mary E. Bass, and to them have been born two children — Arthur D. and Ivey M. Mr. Montgomery is a Liberal in politics, an upright and watchful merchant and a generally' esteemed citizen. CAP'r. WILLIAM MOUNT, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, October 25, 1827, and is the eldest of the four children of Obadiah B. and Gitty A. (Skillman) Mount, both natives of Ohio, who moved to Union County, Ind., about 1837, on the 2d of Feb- ruary of which year Mr. Mount departed this life. William Mount re- ceived a fair education from the common schools, and learned the ancient vocation of farming, which he followed until the summer of 1862; then, together with W. W. Wingett, raised Company G, of the Sixty ninth Begiment Indiana Volunteers, Mr. Mount being made First Lieutenant, but was acting Captain most of the time, that officer being on detached duty. He was in the following engagements: Richmond (Ky.), Arkansas Post, Thompson's Hill, Raymond, Baker's Creek, Black River Bridge, and with Gen. Grant at Vicksburg. After his regiment was transferred to Texas, he participated at the battle of Mobile, where he received a slight wrist wound and was mustered out, but discharged at Indianapolis in August, 1865. The war being over, he removed to Columbus, Ind., where he engaged in the grocery business for several years, when he sold the same, removed to Indianapolis, and was some time on the special police force; thence he removed to this county in 1879, where he has since resided on a good farm of 100 acres. December 1, 1847, he mar- ried Miss Eleanor Dare, with a result of one child — Edward F. (deceased). Capt. Mount is an energetic Republican, a liberal, charitable gentleman, a shrewd man of business and a valued citizen. His mother resides with him, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church since girlhood. JOSEPH H. NORMAN, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in this township October 8. 1839, and is the sixth of the eight children of James and Sarah A. (Harrison) Norman, the former a native of North Carolina, the latter of Tennessee, and both of Irish descent. James Norman emi- grated to this county in 1831; then returned to Tennessee for three years, when he came back to this county and finished his days; he was pos- sessed of 320 acres of land. His wife survives him and resides with the 258 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: subject of this sketch. Joseph H. was reared a farmer, and has a good farm, embracing ninety-six acres, well cultivated and with stock and im- provements. March 28, 1861, he married Miss Ruth Kemp, a native of this county, which union has been fruitful of five children — George "W., Robert C, Harriet V., Samuel A. and Edward. Mr. Norman received some aid in the beginning of his career, but has succeded by means of his will and management. He is a good husband, father and citizen, an unchangeable Democrat, and, with his wife, a valued member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOSEPH T. NORMAN, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Over- ton County, Tenn.; was born October 1, 1823, and is the youngest of the twelve children of William and Mary (Kemp) Norman, natives of North Carolina and of English extraction. William Norman came to this county in the fall of 1830, where he entered land, and, with the assist- ance "of his sons, made a very excellent farm, which continued to be his home until removed by death. He had been a soldier of the war of 1812. Joseph T. Norman was reared a farmer under his father, obtained a pio- neer education and remained with his parents until he was about twenty- two years of age, engaged in rail-making, log-rolling and clearing land. In 1844, he married Miss Betsey E. Williams, of North Carolina, who lived to bear eleven children — Caroline, Nancy, Sarah, Catherine, Jeffer- son, Joseph L., Frank P., George W., William (deceased), Rutha J. (deceased) and Thomas A. He next married, September 7, 1864, Mrs. Nancy R. Thomas, a native of Indiana, to which union were bestowed four children — Grant, Sheridan, Daniel W. and Sherman (deceased). Mr. Norman has been successful in his efforts toward independence, being possessed of 600 acres of land, much of which is improved, cultivated and stocked. He cast his first vote for James K. Polk, but adopted the Republican party as soon as born, and has adhered to it. He is a charita- ble, liberal citizen, and much esteemed. JOHN J. NORMAN, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of this county; was born January 17,. 1850, and is the fifth of the eleven children of Joseph T. and Elizabeth (Williams) Norman, the former a native of Tennessee, the latter of North Carolina, and respectively of English and German extraction. John J. Norman was reared a farmer, received the rudiments of. an education, and remained with his parents until he was twenty- one years of age, at which time he began life for himself, receiv- ing from his parents a horse and cow to begin with. May 26, 1870, he married Miss Emeline Lake, a native of this county, by which union suc- ceeded two children — Delie (born February 17, 1871) and George W. (born April 18, 1874). Mr. Norman is now residing on the farm of his father. He is a Republican by political preference, a liberal gentleman and an esteemed citizen; he is likewise a practical farmer, whose success is due to his energy and wise management. W. W. RAPER is a native of this county, was born August 28,. 1861, and is the second of the family of nine children bestowed on Andrew J. and Julia A. (Helton) Raper, the former a native of Monroe County, Ind., the latter of this county, and both of English extraction. The subject of this sketch was reared to the ancient business of husbandry, and acquired some education from the common schools. He is now act- ing as overseer of the farm oE his grandfather. Mr. Helton is an ener- getic, industrious and promising young man, a practical farmer and an esteemed gentleman. In political preference, he is a member of the Dem- ocratic party. JACKSON TOWNSHIP AND MORGANTOWN. 259 HENRY RENNER, proprietor of a saw mill and grist mill/at Maha- lasville, also a farmer and stock-raiser, was born January 15, 1828, in Wayne County, Ohio, and is the second child of Philip and Mary (Bidle- man) Renner; the former a native of Pennsylvania, the latter of Ohio, and both of German extraction, -who came to this section in 1839. Henry Renner was brought up to the farm and the school, thus acquiring some education and learning the farming vocation. By industry and frugality, he has acquired a good property, having a fine farm of 246 acres, much cultivated and variously improved; he is also in enjoyment of a liberal patronage in his mills and purchases grain largely. January 15, 1852, he married Miss Jane, a daughter of James and Mary A. Gibbs, to which union eight in f amilj' have been bestowed — Philip, Mary, Eliza E., James W., Martha A., Louisa, Retta and Eddie. Mr Renner is a gentleman of enterprise and liberality, an uncompromising Democrat and a worthy citizen. Mrs. Renner is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. GEORGE W. SKINNER, farmer, was born June 15, 1825, in Bel- mont County, Ohio, and is the fifth of the family of Philip and Hannah (Coon) Skinner; the former a native of Pennsylvania, the latter of West Virginia, and both of German descent. George W. received only a ru- dimentary education, but has been a close student, thereby acquiring much practical knowledge. In 1844, he located in Morgantown, and after the death of his parents he received a small amount of means with which to begin life; he first purchased forty- four and then forty acres of the homestead, and has dealt .also in lumber and timber. June 29, 1846, he married Miss Partheny Lake, a native of Virginia, which union gave issue to ten children — William (deeeasedj, Mary, Elizabeth A. (deceased), Emma (deceased), Samuel, Ida (deceased), John A. , Caleb and Barbara (twins, the latter deceased) and Burto. Mr. Skinner has been usually successful in his undertakings, having a clear perception and much exe- cutive capacity. He is a warm adherent of the Republican party, a stanch friend to humanity and a good citizen. He and wife belong to the Missionary Baptist Church. IRA C. WILLAN, M. D., one of the leading physicians and surgeons of Morgantown, Ind., was born July 27, 1859, in Hart County, Ky., and is the third of the eight children of Dr. Elzy B. and Carrie R. (Murrey) Willan, natives of Kentucky, and of English extraction, who moved to Trafalgar, Johnson County, Ind., in 1861, where Ira grew to manhood, and, in his father's drug store, received an early medical training, having served as clerk for eighteen months therein. After receiving a good ed- ucation at the schools, he entered on the study of medicine under his father for two years, after which he attended two courses at the Indiana Medical College, department of Butler University, from which he gradu- ated in the class of 1883, and with great honors. July 26, 1883, he opened a medical office at Morgantown, and has even now been success- ful in establishing himself with the people as a young practitioner of ability and promise. We predict for him a lucrative practice and gen- eral renown. FREDERIC WILLIAMS (deceased) was born May 3, 1828, in North Carolina, and was the fourth of the eleven children of William and Catherine (Haase) Williams, also natives of North Carolina, and of Irish and German descent respectively. Frederic came to this county when quite young, which was his home until his decease — July 21,1882. He received his ^ucation from the pioneer schools, and was reared on a 260 BIOGRAPHICAL- SKETCHES: farm. Tie settled in the forest, and, with some help from his father and rigid economy, accumulated sufficient to make his family comfortable. March 12, 1858, he married Miss Rutha J. ^Kemp, a native of this county, and to their union were bestowed eleven children, nine of whom lived to be named— George W. (born December 8, 1860), Aaron (born November 22, 1861), John J. (born May 5, 1863), James W. (deceased), Andrew J. (born June 22, 1866), Eobert E. L. (January 16, 1869), Fred- eric (born April 10, 1870), Nelson (born February 13,1872) and Cordelia (born May 1, 1874). Mr. Williams was possessed of about 200 acres of farm land, and was a man of energy and endurance toward the end of becoming independent. He was liberal, genial and esteemed. In polit- ical matters, he was an active Democrat CLAY TOWNSHIP. WILLIAM BLACK, J'. P., Brooklyn, is the second of four children of Samuel J. and Mary J. (Lewis) Black, and born in Mooresville, Mor gan County, on February 29, 1836. Samuel J., the father, was born in Erie County, Penn., on June 16, 1812, and came to Indiana in 1824, settling near Indianapolis, but coming soon to Mooresville, Morgan County. On October 17, 1833, he married Mary J. Lewis. He died on March 19, 1851; his wife September 5, 1855. Our subject was reared upon a farm, and received but a limited education. In 1848, he went to Iowa with an uncle, sojourning in that State ten years, when he returned to Indiana in October, 1859. On July 6, 1861, he enlisted in Company K, Twenty-first Indiana Infantry, served until December 16, 1863, when he " veteranized " and continued in the service until the close of the war. On the organization of his company he was made Corporal, but was pro- moted to First Sergeant before his discharge. He participated in the battle of Baton Bouge, sieges of Port Hudson, Fort Morgan, Fort Span- ish and Fort Blakely. At the time of his discharge, January 22, 1866, he bad contracted a disability from which he will probably never recover. While at home on a furlough, he was married, on December 7, 1865, to Sarah Steele, a native of Morgan County. Mrs. Black's father was in the Mexican war, and died in that service. To Mr. and Mrs. Black have been born four children. Both are members of the Christian Church, as is also their eldest daughter. Mr. Black is a member of the I. 0.0. F., and a stanch Republican. He held the office of Trustee of Clay Town- ship from 1872 to 1874. He is at present a Justice of the Peace of this township. By trade he is a carpenter. BARNARD B. BUSH, of the firm of Bush & Brother, dealers in gen- eral merchandise, was born in Orange County, N. Y., on September 18, 1856, and is a son of George B. and Mary (Lyon) Bush, having been the second of their fom- children. The firm of Bush & Brother does a thriv- ing business, is carrying a stock of $3,000, and trading annually to the amount of |10,000 at Centerton, Ind. Barnard B. was reared on a farm, and attended the public schools a sufficient length of time to enable him to teach. Mr. Bush, Sr., and his wife came to Indianapolis from New York, and from there moved to Centerton. On the breaking-out of the CLAY TOWNSHIP. 261 war,he went into the service, but never returned to his home. Barnard B. began life for himself at nineteen years of age, at farming, and con- tinued in that pursuit until 1880, when he engaged in the mercantile business, and ever since has been doing a thriving trade in that line at Centerton. Mr. Bush was married, on September 30, 18't8, to Emma Ferguson, a native of Morgan County, Ind. , and by her he has had two children— May, born May 2, 1880, and Lee, born September 23, 1883. Mrs. Bush is a consistbnt member of the Christian Church, Mr. Bush is a Eepublican and holds the office of Trustee of the township, being now in his second term. After his first election, he made a special levy of 35 cents on the 1100, for the purpose of building a graded schoolhouee of four rooms. This became an issue in his second election, and he having been successful, the building was completed, and a school is taught there which is a credit to any township. Mr. Bush is a self made man, not having depended upon anyone for help in climbing the ladder to pros- perity. CALVIN ELY is the fourth of the five children born to David and Mary E. (McCracken) Ely, natives of Virginia and North Carolina, and of English descent; was born in Clay Township, Morgan County, Ind., May 3, 1849, and passed his childhood on his father's farm. He received instruction at the public schools sufficient to enable him to become one of- our county's teachers. Mr. Ely attended the State Normal School at Terre Haute during 1874 and 1875, and also graduated from the Inter- national Business College of Indianapolis June 1, 1872. As he was then fully competent as a teacher, he followed that profession for about eight years, at the same time engaging in book-keeping. In the mean- ti&e.he served as Deputy in the Auditor's, Treasurer's and Clerk's offices at Martinsville. On January 10, 1878, Mr. Ely was married to Frances A. Staflbrd, a native of Morgan County, and daughter of Wiley and Sarah (Slaughter) Stafford, natives of Morgan County, Ind., and of Eng- lish and German descent. By this union they have had one child born to them — Charles, born August 2, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Ely belong to the Christian and to the Methodist Episcopal Churches respectively. Mr. Ely is a member of the A. P. & A. M. Since his marriage, he has been engaged in farming 192 acres which he owns, and has highly improved. On this place is a fine residence, barn, fences, orchard, etc. ; it is stocked with hogs, horses, sheep and cattle, and further provided with all neces- sary farming implements. In collecting this, Mr. Ely has depended upon himself only and has received nothing from any man. A. J. ;,FIELDS was born in Madison Township, Morgan County, August 20, 1830, and is the son of Republican in politics, and a good business man and respected citizen. Mrs. Goss is a consistent member of the Christian Church, HENRY C. GOSS, farmei: and stock-raiser, was born May 18, 1838, on the farm on which he now resides, the land having been entered by his father in or about 1823, and is the second of three children now liv- ing of Ephraim and Sarah Goss. He was reared to farming as a busi- ness, and has resided here Qontinuously, except for a period of three years when his mother moved to Gosport. Mr. Goss is possessed of 280 acres of land, in the highest state of cultivation and improvement, also made desirable by the erection of a tine residence, barns, a necessary amount of stock, a growing orchard, and other valuable additions. Mr. Goss has living with him Elizabeth Myers and Joseph Magers, who take care of the place. He is a Republican in the political lir e, and a liberal and greatly valued citizen. J. H. GOSS, enterprising farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of this township, was born September 10, 1845, and is the tenth of a family of Ephraim and Sarah Goss, natives of North Carolina. After going to school for a time, our subject worked for his parents on the home farm. December 3, 1874, he married Amanda, daughter of William C. and Mary Welton, which union was favored with one child, Oliver P. Morton; they have also one they are rearing, Marian J. Robinson. RAY TOWNSHIP. 287 Mr. Goss owns 450 acres of land on White River bottom, which is a well improved and cultivated farm, fairly supplied with stock, and having a good orchard. He is an active Republican, and was elected Township Trustee in 1876. He has been a successful farmer, and is a much re- spected citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Goss are members of the Christian Church. REV. GEORGE GOSS is a native of Wayne Township, Owen Co., Ind., was born September 26, 1845. and is the second of the nine chil- dren of Ephraim and Margaret M. (Halbert) Goss, the former a native of Indiana, the latter of Kentucky, and respectively of Dutch and Scotch extraction. His great-grandfather came to this locality about 1810, and was the founder of Gosport. George was reared to farm labor, and at- tended school some time during the winte^ seasons. March 10, 1867, he married Margaret A., daughter of Thomas and Cynthia A. (Whilaker) Applegate, natives of Kentucky'. This union was followed by three chil- dren — Rosie E., Sarah J. and Alice M. In December, 1874, Mr. Goss was licensed to preach by the Baptist Church, and was ordained minister April 13, 1876, since which time he has given his attention to religious duties. He has twenty- nine acres of well- cultivated and improved land, making a desirable home. "He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fel- low fraternities, a greatly esteemed minister and citizen, and one of the stanchest Republicans of the township. THEODORE D. GOSS, an enterprising and promising young busi- ness man of Paragon, is a native of Ray Township, Morgan Co. , Ind. , was born August 11, 1859, and is a son of W. J. and Sarah C. Goss, both of Gerrhan descent. Our subject was reared on a farm; and in the interim of labor thereon attended the public schools of his district until he was eighteen years of age, at which period he became a student of Bedford College for three terms. In February, 1883, he engaged in mercantile business at Paragon, and in this venture has been prominently successful, his whole energy and time being given to his business. Few men at his age have had so flattering an assurance of a prosperous and useful career. Mr. Goss is an earnest and honorable Republican. EPHRAIM L. GOSS, one of Morgan County's youngest and most promising farmers and stock-raisers, was born July 21, 1860, and is the first child born to Sims H. and Margaret J. (Stanger) Goss, natives re- spectively of Morgan and Monroe Counties, Ind, , and of Dutch descent. Our subject is a grandchild of Ephraim Goss, one of the oldest settlers in Indiana Territory, and founder of Gosport. He was reared to the occupation of his predecessors — farming; received what education he could from the common schools, and has since been industrious and fru- gal. Mr. Goss is well situated for so young a man, being possessed of 208 acres in good cultivation and much improved by dwelling house and barns and other valuable additions; he has also considerable stock. More particularly of late he has given much attention to the breeding of Jer- sey Red and Poland hogs, and has been successful in that enterprise. Mr. Goss has the promise of much usefulness and prominence in the fut- ure time, inasmuch as he is greatly respected generally. He is active as a member" of the Republican partv. DR. JOHN J. BARRIS was born in Ellettsville November 15, 1848, and is the fourth of the twelve children born to James M. and Sarah A. (Fletcher) Harris, natives respectively of Kentucky and Indiana. James M. Harris is a retired physician. Our subject, after attending the graded schools, engaged with bis brother in the hardware business, and 288 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: was later in the drug business with his father, which he has since con- tinued. About 1867, he commenced studying medicine with his father, afterward attended lectures at Oxford Medical College, Cincinnati, and has since practiced medicine at Ellettsville, Stinesville and Paragon, He afterward graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, and has been a successful practitioner since that event. September 22, 1869, he mar- ried Rebecca A., daughter of Allen Mills, by which union they had four children — Fred C, Clara E., Delia M. and John R. Dr. Harris has served as Town Clerk and Trustee of Ellettsville. He has been and is now successful as a physician, and has the confidence of the community. He is a Republican in politics. PHILIP HODGES, the oldest living settler in Ray Township, was born October 31, 1797, in Randolph County, N. C, and is the youngest of the seven children of John and Margaret (Lacy) Hodges, of English and Irish descent respectively. John Hodges was a native of Herford- shire, England, was born in 1749, and by trade a glover. About the beginning of the Revolutionary war, he emigrated to America and served three years in that heroic campaign, soon after which he married Margaret Lacy. Philip Hodges was reared to farming, with the advan- tage of some schooling. When of age, October, 1818, he moved to In- diana, or Northwest Territory, and took a lease of land near Gosport, and where. May, 1819, he wedded Miss Mary Goes (then but fifteen years old), daughter of Ephraim and Anna (Workman) Goss, founders cf the town of Gosport. Ten children were born to them — Ephraim, John (deceased), Bethsheba (deceased), Noah, Joseph, Sarah (Mrs. Sims), Thomas, Anna (deceased), Harvey (deceased) and Henry C. In 1820, at the Terre Haute land sale, he purchased 160 acres in Sections 1 and 2, Range 1 east, 11 north — -the first land sold from the Indian purchase of 1818. In 1824, he located on eighty acres of land he had entered in Ray Township, among the hills, and afterward entered 220 more, where he remained until 1833, where he entered and occupied 160, where be now resides. To this he added 140 acres, all of which he constantly improved, thus possessing 810 acres of good and well-culti- vated land. In 1837, he built his residence, then one of the finest in that section. With but a legelcy of |150 he began life, and has succeeded by industry and skill. Mr. Hodges is yet hale, and useful and benevolent. His present politics is Republican; he was formerly a Whig, and gave his first Presidential vote for Mr. Adams. He and wife are members of the Christian Church. • EPHRAIM HODGES, stock-raiser and farmer, was born July 19, 1820, in Owen County, Ind., where now stands Gosport. He is the eldest of the ten children of Philip and Mary (Goss) Hodges, natives of North Carolina. Our subject attended the subscription schools of his boyhood, and was reared to farming. Afterward he became an instruc- tor, and taught many terms of school. September 5, 1845, he married Ann, daughter of Daniel T. and Polly (Crums) Smith, with the issue of nine children— Noah (deceased), May, JohnQ,, Clarinda, Joseph C, Charles S., Malinda. Philip S. and Cora. Mr. Hodges was a member of the first Board of Trustees held in his township, and served as Commis- sioner from 1862 to 1868. He is possessed of about 600 acres of land under fair cultivation and with many improvements, good residences, barns, outbuildings, orchard and the like, all of which possession is the outcome of his energy and able management Mr. Hodges is a member KAY TOWNSHIP. 289 of the Masonic order, the Republican party and the Christian Church, a generally respected citizen and liberal gentleman. DR. JOHN KENNEDY is a native of Lamb's Bottom, this county, and was born September 30, 1833. His father was a native of Kentucky, and of Irish descent; his mother wai also of Kentucky, and of German descent. Both have been residents of this county since 1830. After re- ceiving home instruction, Dr. Kennedy attended Belleville Academy, and also the Bdinburg Grammar School, of which he became an assistant teacher in 1855. About this time, he began the study of medicine under Dr. Clark, of Edinburg. Soon afterward, he returned to the home farm to recover his impaired health, after which he taught school in Sanga- mon County, 111., and spent his leisure time in studying medicine, and in 1858 became a student of Dr. Osgood, of Gosport. During the win- ter of that year, he attended lectures at the Cincinnati Medical Institute, and afterward commenced practice near his old home, where he obtained a reputation for bejng one of the ablest practitioners in his neighbor- hood, and he is now at Gosport, which is his residence. April, 1862, he married Angeline, daughter of Richard Laughlin, of Owen County, with an issue of eight children. In 1874, Dr. Kennedy was elected to the State Legislature, where he- served two years most faithfully. He is a Republican, a member of the Christian Church, and active as a Sunday school worker. CASPER LINGLE, a prominent stock-raiser and farmer, was born in Burke County, N. C, March 7, 1823, and is the eighth of the ten chil- dren of Adam and Catherine (Tipps) Lingle, of German descent. In 1829, he came with his parents to what is now this township; was reared to farming, and has been an important personage in the development of the county. The first township election was held at his father's house, and continued so to be for twenty years, when the same were held at Salem. June 7, 1845, he wedded Matilda, daughter of Henry and Re- becca (Goss) Ratts, who died about three months after his marriage. August 9, 1846, he married Catherine, daughter of Thomas and Rebecca Sandy, to which union succeeded Ave children — John S., William A., James E., Jeremiah S. and Thomas Lincoln. In 1857, he removed to Missouri for three years, after which time he returned home. While there he built a Methodist Episcopal Church, the last payment on which he made after leaving that State. Mr. Lingle has been a successful man, having acquired a possession of 700 acres of land, but now having sold some, and given much to his children, retains only 132 acres, which are, how- ever, well- cultivated, stocked, improved and adorned. His only ally was his faithful wife, who died August 9, 1882, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Lingle is an enlightened citizen, an advocate of public education, an active Republican and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. WniJLIAM A. LINGLE, a successful stock-raiser and farmer, was born in Ray (now Ashland) Township, November 16, 1849, and is the second in the family of five belonging to Casper and Catherine (Sandy) Lingle, respectively of Dutch and Irish descent. William worked on his father's farm, and went also to school, when not so engaged, until man- hood. May 11, 1871, he wedded Martha J., daughter of Hiram Groun, and this marriage was made happy by two children — Newton D. and Perry E. (deceased). Mr. Lingle is the possessor of forty acres of land, which are in a state of superior cultivation, with good dwelling,^barns, 290 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: stock in variety, a young orchard and every necessary improvement for comfort and profit. Mr. Lingle is a leading Republican, and has selred as Township Assessor one term. He is a liberal-minded man, and a promising and enterprising agriculturist. JEEEMIAH S. tilNGLE was born in Ray (now Ashland) Township October 10, 1855, and is the fourth of those comprising the family of his parents, Casper and Catherine (Sandy) Lingle. Jeremiah, in common with the other sons of his father, was reared to the dignified and ancient calling of tilling the soil. After attending school for a time in his boy hood, he continued to labor at home until he attained his majority, where- upon he married Martha E. , daughter of John and Catherine (Haase) Shelton. These young people have had born to them four children, of which number three are living — Orville E., Minnie Catherine and Orra E. Mr. Lingle has largely assisted his father in developing the home place, and is an enterprising, able and promising young farmer. FIELDING MARSH, a leading farmer and stock-raiser, came into- lif e December 26, 1826, in Washington County, Ind. , and is the fifth of the nine children of Cyrus J. and Elizabeth (^Shultz) Marsh, respectively of English and Dutch descent. During his minority, Fielding worked by the month, with occasioaal attendance at school. In May, 1847, he volunteered for the Mexican war, in the Fourth Indiana Regiment; was landed at Brazos Island, and marched up the Rio Grande to join Gen. Taylor. After his discharge in 1848, he resumed farming for a time, then followed flat-boating on the Mississippi River, and afterward lo- cated his land warrant for 160 acres in Marion County. March 24, 1853, he married Rachel, daughter of Benjamin and Rachel (Milton) Mugg, a union which produced three children — Amanda E. (Mrs. Smith), Cincin- natus and Curtis. February 14, 1865, he enlisted in the One Hundred < and Forty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged in September of that year. Mr. Marsh is possessed of a good home, com- prising 157 acres of excellent land, well cultivated, stocked and improved, being the homestead of his father; there is also a good orchard. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. GABRIEL ROBINSON is a native of Anderson County, Ky. ; was born January 31, 1828, and is the sixth of the eight children of Gabriel and Mary (Rice) Robinson, of Irish and German extraction. Our sub- ject was reared on a farm, and secured but one month's schooling during his youth. At the age of thirteen, he became a learner of the blacksmith trade, at Middletown, Ky., where he remained until 1852; then moved to Washington County, and thence to Leesville, Ind., where he worked at wagon-making, and also managed a blacksmith and wagon shop until 1864, when he came to this county, where he carries on the same busi- ness. December 25, 1847, he married Mary E. Gwathmey. to which union were born two children— Kate M. and Camden. In May, 1846, Mr. Robinson enlisted for the Mexican war, in Company I, First Ken- tucky Volunteer Infantry. He served in the battles of Monterey, having made a forced march of sixty-nine miles in seventeen hours, and Buena Vista, being discharged in May, 1847. Mr. Robinson was also in our late war, a recruit of Company K, Sixty-seventh Indiana Regiment, go- ing out as private, and being promoted to a Lieutenancy, as which he resigned in April, 1863, having served at Munfordville, siege of Vicks- burg and other engagements. Mr. Robinson is a member of the L 0. O. F. RAY TOWNSHIP. 291 JOHN A. SANDY, stock-raiser an J farmer, was born in Montgomery County, Ind., March 19, 1843, and is the sixth of the eleven children of William H. and Lucinda (Thompson) Sandy, natives respectively of Ten- nessee and Kentucky, and of English and Irish descent. William H. Sandy emigrated to Washington County, Ind., about 1810, thence moved to Ovsren County about 1812, and after his marriage settled near Gosport, about 1830, and thence moved to Montgomery County, locating near Crawfordsville. In 1852, the family moved to Morgan County, where Mr. Sandy yet resides. John H. Sandy passed his boyhood on the pa- ternal farm, and in going to school. In 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry; was assigned to the Fourth Corps, Army of the Cumberland; was mostly engaged in skirmishes, and was discharged November, 1862, after which, being unable to work, he went to school for a time, then farmed until February, 1865, when he re-enlisted in Company F,One Hundred and Forty-eighth Regiment, and served until September. August 30, 1866, he married Susanna, daughter of Kobert and Nancy Walters, to which union was born one child — James S. Mr. Sandy owns eighty-two acres of good land, well-cultivated and improved, thus being in comfortable circumstances. In 1880, he engaged in the drug business for one year with fair success. Mr. Sandy is an Odd Fellow, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. WILLIAM A. SHARP is a native of Ellettsville, in this State; was born April 10, 1855, and is the third of the five children of George W. and Agnes (Ashbrook) Sharp, both natives of Indiana. William A. was reared on a farm, and obtained some education from the common schools. His father died when he was seven years old, after which he lived with his grandfather until May 13, 1877, when he married Theresa, daughter of Gideon Holiday, by which union were produced two children — Ida and Boy C. After his marriage, Mr. Sharp moved to Ellettsville, where he labored as a quarryman for thirteen years. In July, 1883, he moved to Paragon, to take charge of his mother's farm of ninety -three acres on White River bottoms. Mr. Sharp is in comfortable circumstances, hav- ing a house and two lots in Ellettsville. He is a member, and was First Commander of Sons of Veterans' Camp, No. 2, and is a Republican in politics. His father, George W. Sharp, was a soldier of the late war, and died in the service. Mrs. Sharp is a member of the Baptist Church. JOHN A. STIRWALT, stock-raiser and farmer, was born November 18, 1849, in the house in which he now dwells — his father having pur- chased the same about 1828 — and is the eighth of the nine children of Adam and Lucy (Sandy) Stir wait, natives of North Carolina, and of Dutch- English extraction. John was brought up to labor on the home farm, and when not so engaged attended the free schools, thus receiving the rudiments of an education. November 2, 1872, he married Martha E., daughter of Andrew and Elizabeth (Lingle) Knox, natives of North Car- olina, a union which produced three children, two of whom are living — Jasper E. and Mary Lavina. Mr. Stirwalt is the owner of 100 acres, well improved, cultivated and stocked, with good residence, young or- chard and the like. He ' has been largely successful, and is a diligent, careful manager. He is a Democrat in politics, a most reputable citizen, and a trusted member of the Baptist Church. DANIEL H. VOSHELL, pioneer farmer and stock-raiser, was born in this township February 8, 1826, about, one mile west of bis present residence, and is the second of the ten children of William H. and Polly 292 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: (Sandy) Voshell, natives respectively of Delaware and North Carolina, and of French and German descent. William H. Voshell emigrated from Maryland to Ohio, and thence to Jackson County, Ind., about 1820. He also lived in Owen County about 1825, and located land, likewise, in this township, making au aggregate of 400 acres. Daniel lived with his parents until he was twenty years old, having entered 160 acres. His opportunities for education were of the most meager character, having to labor almost incessantly. February 17, 1846, he wedded Delilah, the widow of Joseph Goss, which union gave issue to six children, three be- ing now alive — Mary A. (Mrs. McGinnis), William S. and Thomas S. Mr. Voshell is possessor of 307 acres in Morgan, and 180 in Knox Coun- ty, Ind., all under the best cultivation, well stocked, improved, and with as good a residence as one may find in the township. Mr. Voshell is one of the most upright and respected of citizens, a man whose record is duty well done. He and wife are members of the Christian Church. LEVI J. VOSHELL, farmer and stock-raiser, was born at his pres- ent residence — the land having been entered by his father about 1825 — passed his boyhood on the farm, and received but little schooling. He remained at home until his majority, and October 19, 1859, married Miss Sarah, daughter of William E. and Rebecca S. (Chambers) Mannan, na- tives respectively of Virginia and North Carolina. To this union were born three children, two of whom are living — Manda A. (now Mrs. Whit- taker) and Emma R. In September, 1864, Mr. Voshell enlisted in Com- pany F, Twenty-fifth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, serving in the Atlanta campaign; he was also in Gen. Sherman's famous march to the sea, and was engaged in the taking of Savannah and Columbia. After the grand review at Washington, he was discharged June, 1865, and returned to his home and the duties of his farm, having 588 acres in Morgan, Owen and Putnam Counties, which are well improved, cultivated and adorned, containing a number of short-horn cattle and other stock. Mr. Voshell, aided by his wife, has been more than usually successful. They are members of the Baptist Church, and respected members of their commu- nity. Mr. Voshell is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a very earnest Democrat. JOHN M. VOSHELL, farmer and stock-raiser, was born August 15, 1848, where he now resides, and is the second of the five children, two of whom are yet living, born to Thomas S. and Catherine (Stierwalt) Voshell, natives of Owen County, Ind. John was reared on a farm and to the hon- ored and independent business of farming. His father died when he was but, five years of age, so that he acquired only a spare education, having to give his services at home. September 3, 1874, he married Miss MoUie, daughter of Adam and Annie E. (Miller) Renner. Mr. Voshell has a good home and farm of 133 acres, which are well improved, in fine cul- tivation, and supplied with stock and all necessary appurtenances. For the past few years, he has given most attention to stock trading, in which enterprise he has been fairly successful. He is an active young Demo- crat, and he and his wife and mother are consistent members of the Baptist Church. ASHBEN W. WA.LTERS was born in this township October 3, 1856, and is the sixth child of Robert S. and Nancy A. (Duckworth) Walters, the former a native of Owen County, Ind., the latter of Kentucky. Our subject was brought up on a farm and remained there until he was twenty-two years old, when he engaged in the dry goods bus- RAY TOWNSHIP. 293 iness at Paragon, and also attended two terms at Bedford Academy in 1878. He remained in business one year; then returned to the farm for two years, after which he engaged with his brother-in-law in the drug business at Paragon; he afterward went to Colorado, and engaged in mining tor a short time, when he returned home and resumed farming on the land entered by his grandfather. Mr. Walters is a radical Dem- ocrat, a member of the Baptist Church, a liberal gentleman and an es- teemed citizen. S. G. W. Walters, a youne, successful and enterprising farmer, was born at his present residence September 11, 18fi4 — a farm cleared by his father — and is the youngest of the eleven children of Robert S. and Nancy Walters, who were among the earliest settlers of this township, both members of the Baptist denomination, and known as liberal and benevolent persons; the father died July, 18S1; the latter June, 1877. They were possessed of 300 acres of land, acquired by diligence and perseverance. Mr. Walters politically is a Democrat. DR. E. D. WHITAKER was born in this township November 27, 1834, and is the fourth of the seven children of Grafton B. and Mar- garet (Gregg) Whitaker. During his boyhood, our subject worked at farming and attended subscription school, and at the age of twenty -two, at an academy in Belleville, Hendricks County. Soon after, he began the study of medicine under Dr. Stuckey, of Gosport, and attended lectures at Louisville during the sessions of 1858, 1859 and 1860. In April, 1862, he entered the service; went to Pittsburg Landing, was assigned to the Medical Department as Acting Assistant Surgeon, and, after six months, commissioned Assistant Surgeon of the Fifteenth Ken- tucky Infantry. After the expiration of this regiment's term of service, he was made Surgeon of the Thirty-eighth Indiana, as which he con- ' tinned until the war was closed. Succeeding his discharge, he located as a practitioner at Gosport, which, after one year, he gave- up for the purpose of attending to his farm. December, 1867, he married Martha J., daughter of Wiley and Rebecca (Crow) Williams, who died Novem- ber, 1874, leaving one child, Wiley W. December, 1877, he wedded Amanda A. , daughter of Harman and Elizabeth (Guy) Vickery, to which marriage succeeded two children — Eli G. and Margaret Elizabeth. Dr. Whitaker has a most excellent, highly cultivated and well-stocked farm of 240 acres, a portion of which was entered by his father. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Baptist Church, and is a liberal gentleman and a Democrat; he was once nominated for Repre- sentative, but declined the same. DR. RALPH B. WILLIAMSON was born near Watford, Ont., March 4, 1851, and is the ninth of the fourteen children of John and Margaret (Calbert) Williamson, the former a native of Ireland, the latter of France. Dr. Ralph B. Williamson was reared on a farm, and when fifteen years old clerked for his father, and continued so to do for five years. He attended the public school, a commercial college at London, and after- ward began the study of medicine with Dr. Harvey, and attended lectures at Ann Arbor, and at the Cincinnati College of Medicine, from each of which he received a diploma. In July, 1876, he located at Vandalia, re- mained three years, removed thence to Santa F6, Owen County, and thence to Paragon. October 9, 1877, he married Alice E., daughter of William and Jane Williams, of Owen County. This union furnished two chil- dren — Lionas Listwell Dufferein and Damietta Bell. Dr. Williams was 294 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: formerly an Odd Fellow, and is in politics a Democrat. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOHN H YOUNG, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in this county, and is the tenth of the eleven children of Scott W. and Polly (Mathews) Young, natives respectively of Virginia and Kentucky. John H. was reared on a farm, and has had good advantages for education, having attended a high school two terms, the Indianapolis Commercial School and the Normal School at Terre Haute. He has been some time teacher in this State and in Kansas. After his father's death, in 1873, he took charge of the home farm, entered by his father, who came to the Statei in 1822. Our subject is owner of 140 acres, well cultivated, stocked and improved, with commodious residence, built about forty years ago. Mr. Young is an active Eepublican, a good citizen, and one of the best in- formed men in his township. ADAMS TOWMSHIP. JOHN W. ALEXANDER, farmer, was born in Putnam County, Ind., March 4, 1830, and is the fifth child in a family of twelve children born to William and Jane (Wallace) Alexander, the former of whom was a native of the " Old Dominion," and the latter of East Tennessee. They were of English and Irish decent respectively. William Alexander re- ceived his early education in his native State. While yet a young man, he removed with his parents to East Tennessee, where he was afterward married, and engaged in agricultural pursuits for several years. From . Tennessee, he removed to Kentucky, and from tbence, in about 1827, to Putnam County, Ind., where he bought a partially improved farm, and resided until about 1838. He then removed to that part of Morgan County, Ind., which has since become Mill Creek Township, Putnam County. Here, he farmed for several years; then opened a small countiy store, and was engaged in merchandising until his death, which occurred February 8, 1881, in his eighty-second year. From early life, until his first wife's death, which occurred in 1868, both were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. After that event, he joined the Christian Church. He was Justice of Peace in Putnam and Morgan Counties for some thirty years. During this time, he was robbed of some $400, which he afterward recovered, and sent the thief to penitentiary. John W. Alexander, the subject, received only a limited common school education, but has acquired a fair practical business education by his own exertions since he became a man. He was employed on his father's farm until he was twenty-one years old. He then farmed on shares in Putnam County, Ind., for several years. In 1860, he bought a farm in Adams Township, Morgan County Ind. , and has since been engaged in farming, threshing and stock-dealing. He was for two years Trustee of Adams Township, and has held various lesser offices. He was married, August 27, 1850, to Miss Martha J. Patrick, a native of Putnam County, Ind. Twelve chil- dren were the fruit of this union, nine of whom — five sons and f our daughters — are yet living. He is a member of Eminence Lodge, vNo. 440, A. F. & A. M. , where he has held various official positions. Mrs. Alex- ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 295 ander is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics, Mr. Alexander is a Democrat. WILLIAM ANDERSON, wagon and carriage manufacturer, was born in Johnson, County, Ind., May 4, 1844, and is the youngest in a family of seven children born to James and Mary (Coy) Anderson, both natives of Kentucky, and of English descent. James Anderson was educated and married in his native State. In 1828, he removed to Bartholomew County, Ind., then almost a wild^ness. Here he entered land and commenced improving a farm, but remained only two years. In 1830, he removed to Johnson County, Ind., where he entered 120 acres of land, and improved a farm, upon which he resided until his death, which occurred in Sep- tember, 1865. Himself and wife were members of the Separate Baptist Church. William Anderson, the subject, received a fair common school education, and was employed on his father's farm until he was twenty- one years old. He then farmed on shares for some four years, after which he commenced to learn the carriage and wagon maker's trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years, and has followed the trade ever since. In the falLof 1881, he removed to Gosport, Owen County, Ind., and in the following spring came to Eminence, Morgan County, Ind., where he opened a shop, and has since been doing a good business. He was married, December 22, 1865, to Emarine N. Slack, a native of Johnson County, Ind. Six children blessed their union, five of whom — two sons and three daughters — are yet living. In politics, he is identified with the National, or Greenback, party, and is one of the enterprising mechanics and business men of the township and county. THOMAS S. ABEND, harness-maker, was born in Ashland Town- ship, Morgan Co., Ind., April 5, 1857, and is a son of Christopher J. and Rebecca P. (Russell), Arend, the former a native of Bavaria, Germany, and the latter of Johnson County, Ind., but of English descent. Chris- topher J. Arend received a good common school education in Bavaria. At the age of fifteen, in 1846, he emigrated to the United States, accom- plishing the journey alone. He first settled in Monmouth County, N. J., where he learned the tanner's trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years. He then followed his trade as a journeyman for several years, and in 1854 located at Martinsville, Ind., where he took charge of a shop, receiving half the profits for conducting the business. Here he was married, and resided for a short time. He then removed to Ashland Township, same county, where he started a tannery, and is still engaged in that business. Mrs. Arend departed this life May 18, 1883. She was a member of the Christian Church, to which Mr. Arend also belongs. Thomas S. Arend, the subject, received a fair common school education, and taught for a time. At the age of twenty- three, he commenced to learn the harness-maker's trade, and has followed that business ever since, now owning a shop in Eminence, where he has a good trade. He was married January 14, 1883, to Amanza J. Modrell, a native of Putnam County, Ind. Mr. Arend is a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 317, I. O. O. F., of which lodge he is at present N. G. In politics, he is a Republican. COL. WILLIAM C. BANTA, M. D., was born in Hendricks County, Ind., August 31, 1839, and is one of ten children born to Cor- nelius and Rebecca (Eckles) Banta; both natives of Kentucky. The an- cestors of the former were of Italian and Scotch extraction. Cornelius Banta came to Madison County, Ind. , at a date prior to the organization 296 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: of the State. After a few years, he removed to what was known as the Brick Tavern, near Stilesville, Hendricks Co., Ind. His place was a regular stopping place for stage-coaches over the old National pike, run- ning between St. Louis and Cincinnati. In 1838, he removed to Belle- ville, where he remained' until 1850, when he removed to "Whitley County, Ind., where he bought a farm and resided two years; then returned to Belleville, where he again engaged in mercantile pursuits and resided un- til his death, which occurred in 1857. Mr. Bjinta and wife were mem- bers of the Christian Church. William C. Banta, the subject, received a good common school and academic education, and was employed in his father's store until the latter's death, after which the support of the fam- ily devolved upon him. When in his eighteenth year, he commenced teaching school and studying medicine under the instruction of Drs. Moor & Kennedy, of Belleville. In April, 1861, he resigned his school, went to Indianapolis and enrolled in Company A, Seventh Indiana Vol- unteer Infantry, the first Indiana regiment recruited for the three months' service. They participated in the battle of Philippi. At the close of the three months' service, in August, 1861, Col. Banta re- organized and filled up his company, A, from seventy to one hundred men, in a day and night, for the three years' service, and was chosen Captain. After about one year, ho was promoted to Major, and soon after to Lieutenant Colonel. The Colonel of the regiment, I.JG. Grover, was captured in the battle of the Wilderness, after which Col. Banta com- manded until the regiment was mustered out. He also, for a short time, commanded the First Brigade, of the First Division, of the First Army Corps. Col. Banta participated in all the principal battles in which the Armies of West Virginia and the Potomac were engaged to the fall of 1864. In 1862, at the battle of Port Republic he was severely wounded in the right shoulder by a shell, and was mustered out with his regiment at Indianapolis, in September, 1864. He then engaged in the drug trade at Belleville, Ind., and continued the same some five years; he also resumed his medical studies. In the spring of 1870, he graduated from "The Indiana Medical College," at Indianapolis, and in June of the same year came to Eminence, Morgan Co., Ind., where he has since practiced his profession with excellent success. He was married, August 25, 1861, to Elizabeth May, a native of Montgomery County, Ind. Eight children, three sons and five daughters, blessed their union, all of whom are yet living. The Doctor and wife are members of the Christian Church. He is a member of the . Masonic and I. 0.0. F. fratetnities, and has been a member of the Grand Lodge of the State in both orders. In politics. Col. Banta is a stanch Republican, and is one of the leading and representative men of the county. JOSEPH BLUNK, stock-raiser and farmer, is the son of Goldsby and Elizabeth (Pritchett) Blunk, the former a native of Indiana, the lat- ter of Kentucky. The paternal grandfather of our subject was a Virgin- ian and a soldier of the Revolution. He was known as Aaron Blount, which surname has been since changed to Blunk. Goldsby Blunk was a farmer, but labored as a steamboatman on the Lower Mississippi River for several years, and in 1827 married and began farming where our sub- ject now resides, having entered eighty acres of timber. He cleared his land, and was the first settler in that part of this township. He was an expert hunter and marksman, a man of strong will, owner of 237J acres, and died February 4, 1857, aged fifty-eight. Mrs. Blunk died in 1871^ ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 29T aged sixty- three years. They were parents of five sons and five daugh- ters, and members of the Christian Church. Joseph Blunk was born February 14, 1841. He received but a fraction of schooling, yet by well-directed study he has obtained a fair education. When he was six- teen years old, his father died, and he remained with his mother until he was of age. April 10, 1862, he married Elizabeth Cown, a native of Illinois, born November 9, 1840, which union gave being to nine chil- dren, of whom six sons and two daughters are living. After marriage, Mr. Blunk located near his present home, to which he removed in 1874. This farm comprises fifty-three acres, valued at about $60 per acre, is well improved and supplied with good stock, and the yield of his in- dustry and care. Mr. Blunk is a progressive citizen, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. HENRY BOURN, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Ray Township, Morgan Co., Ind., January 29, 1837, and is the fourth child in a family of ten children born to Elijah and Nancy (Alexander) Bourn, the former a native of Jessamine County, Ky., and the latter of Owen County, Ind., where her faiher, Abner Alexander, was one of the earliest pioneers. Our subject received a fair common school education, and was employed on his father's farm until he was twenty-one years old. He then came to Adams Township, Morgan Co., Ind., where he bought the farm of 160 acres upon which he still resides, adding to it until he has now some 400 acres, well improved, making one of the best farms in Adams Township. He was married, September 23, 1858, to Miss Milla S. McGinnis, a na- tive of Owen County, Ind. Seven children blessed this union, five of whom, three sons and two daughters, are yet living. Mr. Bourn and wife are consistent members of the Christian Church, in which he is and has been for several years a Ruling Elder. Mr. Bourn is a stanch Re- publican. ELISHA A. BOURN, teacher and farmer, was born June 23, 1859, and is a son of Henry Bourn, of whose family he is the eldest. He was reared to the hard but honest labor of a farmer's life, and attended school considerably in early life, thus laying the foundation for a life of useful- ness as an instructor of youth. Mr. Bourn also attended the State Nor- mal School for a time in furtherance of his purpose, and has qualified himself thoroughly. He has the happy faculty of imparting knowledge to his pupils, and has been very successful, having taught seven school years in succession, in alternation with farming, in which he is also en- gaged, and also in raising the ordinary grades of stock. March 7, 1882, he married Miss Clara E., daughter of James Wallace, and born in this township February 27, 1862. To this union has been born one daughter — Mamie E. Mr. Bourn is a practical farmer, an energetic and promis- ing gentleman, and a Republican in political faith. POWEL S. BRASIER, dentist, was born in Owen CountyT' Ind,, March 9, 1850, and is one of four living children born to Gideon and Sarah (Jones) Brasier, both natives of Kentucky, and of English, Welsh, and Irish descent. Gideon Brasier received no education in youth, there being no school of any kind on the Indiana frontier at that time. He was employed on the home farm until twenty-one years old, then learned the carpenter trade, and has followed the same part of the time eveu since. In early manhood, he followed flat-boating from Gosport to New Orleans, having made nineteen trips. In March, 1865, he enlisted in Company F, Eleventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until the 298 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: following August. In the fall of 1865, he came to Eminence, Morgan Co., Ind., where he was engaged in the hotel business until March, 1883, when he moved to New Winchester, Hendricks Co., Ind., where he now resides. He was married February 3, 1840. Mr. Brasier and wife are members of the Baptist Church. In politics, he is a stanch Democrat, and is one of the pioneers of Morgan County. Powel' S. Brasier, our subject, received a fair common school education. At the age of four- teen, he went to learn the harness-maker's trade, afterward learning the carpenter trade and dentist profession, which latter he is still following at Eminence, Ind. He has had some eight years' experience in the fruit tree business, and intends to resume that occupation in a short time. He also clerked for a time in both a dry goods and drug store. Mr. Brasier is yet unmarried; is a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M. In politics, he is a Democrat. ATLAS BBAY, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Chatham Coun ty. N. C, July 7, 1826, and is the second child of se^en sous and three daughters born to James and Sarah (Edwards) Bray, the former a native of North Carolina, born 1796, the latter of the same State, born 1802. James Bray was a farmer, who located in Hendricks County, Ind., about 1834; farmed on rented land; then removed to this county, where he se- cured land. This he afterward sold and went to Missouri about 1853, and to Kansas in 1869, where he now enjoys a retired life. Mrs. Bray is also living, aged eighty-two years. They are long-established mem- bers of the Baptist Church. Atlas Bray remained at home until he was of age, when he worked at farming in jobs at 37 cents per day. Not- vrithstanding this poor labor, he was enabled after a time to purchase forty acres of timber land, which he set about to clear and improve; af- terward sold the same and purchased 280 acres in Iawa,> and finally ex- changed for the farm on which he now resides, combining 153 acres. He likewise possesses a good farm in Monroe Township. In July, 1849, he married Emily Craven, by which union were born to them seven chil- dren — John F. (deceased), Enos, Mary, Sarah, Clara, Oscar and Luther. Mr. Bray has been a successful farmer aild is a worthy citizen. He and family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JAMES K. BURGESS, druggist, was born in Putnam County, Ind., October 12, 1844, and is the third child in a family of seven children born to Dawson and Catherine (Holbert) Burgess, natives of Kentucky, the former of German and the latter of Irish descent. Dawson Burgess received his early education in his native State. While yet a young man, he removed to Putnam County, Ind. Here he bought 100 acres of wild land, and improved a farm, upon which he resided until December, 1868, when he removed to Stilesville, Hendricks Co., Ind., where his death occurred August 12, 1878, in his sixty- fourth year. James K. Burgess, the subject of our sketch, received a fair common school education, and was employed on the home farm until he was twenty years old. In Octo- ber, 1864, he enlisted in Company H, Forty-third Indiana Volunteer In- fantry, and served with that regiment in all its marches and engagements until the close of the war, being mustered out at Indianapolis in June, 1865. After his return from the army, he farmed the home place on shares, and ran a threshing machine for three years. He then removed to Hendricks County, Ind., near Stilesville, where he remained one year, then returned to Putnam County, and engaged in agricultural pursuits until March, 1880. He then came to Eminence, Morgan Co., Ind., where ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 299 he has since been engaged in the drag trade. He was married, October 14, 1869, to Elizabeth Dobbs, a native of Putnam County, Ind. Two daughters have blessed their union, viz., Dora and Claudia. In politics, Mr. Burgess is a Democrat. STEPHEN H. CHENOWETH, blacksmith, and Justice of the Peace, was born in what is now Ashland Township, Morgan Co., Ind., July 8, 1837, and is a son of Ephraim B. and Mariah (Risinger) Chenoweth, the former a native of the "Old Dominion," and the latter of Kentucky. They were both of German descent. When three years old, Ephraim B. Chenoweth removed with his parents to Jefferson County, Ky., where his early education was received, and where he was afterward married. Here he learned the cabinet-maker's trade, and followed the same for several years. Later, he engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1835, he came with his wife and family to what is now Ashland Township, Morgan Co., Ind., where he entered 160 acres of wild land, and improved a farm, to which he added until he was the owner of a farm of 240 acres. In 1855, he sold this farm, and bought another in Adams Township, same county, where he resided until his death, which occurred May 8, 1875, in his seventieth year. He was for several years one of the Township Trustees under the old constitution. He was a member of the Christian, Mrs. Chenoweth of the Baptist Church. Stephen H. Chenoweth, the subject, received a limited education in the primitive schools of the Indiana frontier, and was employed on his father's farm until he was twenty-one years. He then farmed on shares until the spring of 1862, when he enlisted in Company B, Fifty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He served with that regiment until the close of the war, being mustered out at Richmond, Va., in May, 1865. He then farmed for two years, when he commenced blacksmithing at Eminence, Ind. , and has followed that business ever since. He has been three times elected Justice of the Peace, but only qualified once. He is now holding that office. He was married, in 1859, to Bena M. Gray, a native of Ashland Township, Mor- gan Co., Ind. Seven children blessed their union, only two of whom, one son and one daughter, are now living. Both himself and wife are members of the Christian Church. He is also a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M., and of the G. A. R. In the former order he is a Past Master. In politics, he is a Democrat, and is one of the early settlers of the township and county. DAVID A. CURTIS (deceased) was born in Randolph County, N. C, September 17, 18Q6, and was the eldest of the two sons and one daughter of Jesse W. and Judy Curtis, natives of North Carolina and of English extraction. Our subject was reared to farming with but little education. He married, after becoming of age, Miss Tabitha Staler, who proved a faithful spouse for iifty-six years. In 1837, Mr. Curtis moved to this State and located on Government land, where he built a cabin and pro- ceeded to found a home, in which, after some years of discouragement and toil, he succeeded. On the morning of February 24, 1883, he arose well, ate a usual breakfast, and died peacefully soon after, his wife and daughter supposing him to be asleep. He was an industrious and suc- cessful man, and at one period owned 1,750 acres. He was the father of fourteen children, eleven of whom lived to maturity. He was an upright man and honored citizen, a Democrat in politics, and a Patron of Hus- bandry. Mrs. Curtis yet survives, aged seventy-six. Mr. Curtis was a 300 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : member of the Christian Church, and Mrs. Curtis now adheres to the same denomination. Emeziee D. Curtis, stock-raiser and farmer, was born in this town- ship July 27, 1839, a son of D. A. Curtis. He was practiced in industry, and kept at home until he was twenty-one years old, when he began the labor of life where he is now living, his father having given him eighty acres as a beginning, on which he has built a good residence, and also variously improved his farm, as well as adding thereto 140 acres, now a desirable home and valuable estate. He is now raising the better grades of sheep, being well supplied with stock, which ho feeds from his own grain. In 1867, he married Miss Rachel Mosier, with an issue of seven sons. He is a Democrat, and has held several township ofSces. Mr. and Mrs. Curtis are members of the Christian Church. CALVIN CURTIS, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Randolph County, N. C, was born April 26, 1828, and is the eldest of the family. He was nine years of age when his father moved to this county, whom he assisbed to make a home in the wilds of nature. When twenty-four years old, he loc,ated on eighty acres of timber land, from which he made his present home, having lived in a cabin until 1865, at which time he built a good house. The farm comprises 220 acres, 160 of which are in full cultivation; he also possesses a forty-acre tract in Gregg Township. March 24, 1852, he married Miss Rosie York, who died two years later, leaving one daughter — Martha. November, 1857, he wedded Miss Eu- phemia Johnson, who also left the world, March 22, 1879, leaving four children-^David A. M., Lieudary A., Daniel andLaurena. Mr. Curtis is a practical farmer, an industrious man and good citizen; he raises a high breed of geese and turkeys, Plymouth Rocks, Light Brahmas, Golden Spangle chickens, etc. Mr. Curtis has been a prominent hunter, and is an expert rifle-shot. WESLEY CURTIS, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Randolph County, N. C, was born September 26, 1830, and is the second son of David A. Curtis. He was reared by his father, a farmer; received almost no education, and early began to do for himself. As an aid, he received eighty acres of timber land, on which he toiled while living at home until 1857, at which period he married Miss Elizabeth Jones, of Bar- tholomew County, and shortly after located on his ovm land. He soon built a house, which was burned in 1872, and has now one of the best two-story brick houses in the township, having as well cleared and estab- lished a desirable farm, which comprises 320 acres, besides sixty acres in Jasper County, 111., and some town property. He is a practical farmer, and has a fair supply of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. After the decease of his wife, who left two sons and one daughter — Margaret E., Francis M. and George W. — Mr. Curtis wedded Miss Jane Carman, an orphan of this county. Mr. Curtis is a liberal and well-intentioned citizen, a Democrat in politics, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Curtis has made a property valued at $30,000, and has in all a yearly income of $3,000. SOLOMON DORSETT, farmer, was born in Chatham County, N. C, February 27, 1832, and is a son of Duty and Rachel (Edwards) Dorsett, natives of North Carolina. The former was of Gei-man and the latter of English descent. Duty Dorsett, was a farmer by occupation, and also followed various mechanical pursuits. In the fall of 1840, he came with his family to what is now Mill Creek Township, Putnam County, ADAMS TOWNSHIP. . 301 Ind. Here he bought a farm, upon which he resided until his death, which occurred in November, 1844. Both himself and wife were mem- bers of the Baptist Church. He was a soldier during the war of 1812. Solomon Dorsett, the subject, received only a -very limited education in the schools of the Indiana frontier. After attaining to manhood, how- ever, he acquired by his own exertions a good practical education, and taught subscription and public schools during the fall and winter for seventeen years. He was employed on the home farm until he was twenty-one years old. He then farmed on shares for five years, after which he bought a partially improved farm of forty acres in Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind., to which he afterward added 150 acres. On this farm he resided until the fall of 1872, when he came to Eminence, same township, and engaged in the general mercantile trade, continuing in that business some sixteen months. He thep bought a resi- dence in Eminence and a farm of 130 acres adjoining the village. Here he has ever since resided, and' has been mainly engaged in agricultural pursuits. His dwelling burned in January, 1879, which he replaced by one of the' best brick residences in the township or county. Mr. Dorsett has also been engaged in the local practice of law for the past fifteen years, and is now Deputy Prosecuting Attorney for Adams Township. He was alen Trustee of Adams Township for thirteen years, and in 1864 was a candidate for County Treasurer. He was married, March 8, 1853, to Sylvania C. Marley, a native of Randolph County, N. C. To this union were born eight children, only two of whom, both daughters, are still living. Mrs. Dorsett died April 21, 1874. She was a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Dorsett was next married October 1, 1874, to Martha W. Parker, a native of Putnam County, Ind. Four children, two sons and two daughters, have blessed their union. Both Mr. Dor- sett and wife are members of the Christian Church. He is a member of Blue Lodge and Chapter in the Masonic fraternity, being a charter mem- ber, and Post Master of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, P. & A. M. In politics, he is a Democrat, and is one of the prominent citizens of the township and county. THOMAS FELKINS, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of Garrard County, Ky., and is the youngest of the family of eight born to William and Jane (Williams) Felkins, natives respectively of Virginia and Ken- tucky, and of Irish extraction. The paternal grandfather of our subject, John Felkins, was a Revolutionary soldier, and was once taken prisoner by the British. William Felkins was a soldier of the war of 1812, after which he located in Kentucky, married, and farmed until 1852, when he moved to Arkansas and died in 1869, aged seventy-two. He was a Dem- ocrat, and a member of the Christian Church. Thomas Felkins was born November, 1825, and left motherless when eight years of age, and remained at home until he was nineteen, when he faced the world on his own account, and came to this county with |2. 50 in cash and one horse. He made his home with his brother, and worked at farming on shares for some time. September, 1850, he married Miss Martha Wheeler, of this county, but a native of Kentucky, which union gave birth to eight chil- dren, of which number three sons and three daughters survive. After marriage, Mr. Felkins lived in a log cabin on land he had previously en- tered, and afterward took charge of his father-in-law's farm, where he lived until 1858, at which period he purchased 132 acres known as the "Old Joe Rhodes" farm. This he has improved and added to until he 302 BIOGKAPHICAL SKETCHES: BOW owns 218 acres iinder good cultivation and well stocked. Mr. and Mi's. Felkins are members of the Christian Church. SAMUEL G. GASH, farmer, was born in Lincoln County, Ky., Jan- uary 3, 1828, and is the eldest of live children born to Thomas and Eliza (Wilson) Gash, natives of Kentucky, and of Scotch and Irish descent re- spectively. Thomas Gash was educated and married in his native State, where in early life he learned the carpenter's trade, and followed the same, in connection with farming, all his life. He and his wife were members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. The death of Mrs. Eliza Gash occurred March 6, 1835, and that of Mr. Gash October 5, 1840. Samuel G. Gash, the subject, received a fair common school edu- cation. After his father's death, he made his home with his uncle, David K. Wilson, until he attained to his majority, with whom, during that time, he learned the blacksmith's trade. After leaving his uncle, he was employed as a laborer on a farm for some four years. He then farmed on shares in Kentucky for one year, after which, in the fall of 1853, he came with his wife and family to Adams Township, Morgan Co., Ind., where he bought a partially improved farm of forty acres, upon which he still resides and to which he has added another forty acres. In 1846, he enlisted for service in the war with Mexico, but was never engaged in active service. He was married, August 7, 1852, to Miss Margaret S. Beid, a native of Jefferson County, Ky., and a daughter of John and Esther (Gilliland) Reid, who were among the early pioneers of Jefferson County, Ky. One son has blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Gash, viz., John T. Mr. Gash was at one time Adjutant in the Kentucky militia, and for a time carried the mail from Eminence to Quincy. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist ""Episcopal Church, and are earnest advocates of the temperance cause. In politics, he is a Democrat. ELEESON GENTRY, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Hen- dricks County, Ind. ; was born January 19, 1833, and is the eldest son of Garland and Susan (Stringer) Gentry, natives of Kentucky, and of English extraction. The grandparents of our subject were natives of Virginia, lived in Kentucky, and removed to and farmed in Indiana. Garland Gentry moved from Kentucky to this State about 1831, thence to this township, and subsequently to Texas, Arkansas, and again to Indiana, where he now lives in retirement, aged seventy-seven years. He is a Democrat, a member of the Christian Church. Was twice married, and is the father of three children by the first and nine by the second mar- riage. Elerson Gentry was reared a farmer by his"" father, whom he accompanied to Texas and Arkansas; resided in Missouri four years; returned to Hendricks County, Ind., and thence to this county. When twenty-one years of age, he left his father's house to struggle for him- self, and worked for three years by the month; then leased land for sev- eral years: finally purchased eighty acres of his father-in-law's estate, and now owns, in addition, eighty acres west of Mud Creek. December 29, 1855, he married Miss Mary M. Smith, of this county, born February 2, 1838. This union produced six children — Theresa A., Franklin A., Susan A., William A., Mary Etta and Thomas A. Mr. Gentry is a Free- mason and a Democrat, and he and wife are worthy members of the Christian Church. HARRISON GENTRY, farmer and stock-dealer, was born in Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind. , September 28, 1846, and is the fourth in a family of ten childr«n born to Barry M. and Elizabeth J. (Ludlow) ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 303 Gentry, both of whom were born near Lexington, Ky., and were of English and German descent respectively. When but live or six years old, in about 1825, Bary M. Gentry came with his parents to what is now Hendricks County, Ind., then a part of Morgan County. Here his father entered 160 acres of land, and improved a farm, upon which young Barry passed his early life. He received such an education as could be obtained at the subscription schools of that frontier settlement. He was married at the age of eighteen, and soon after commenced for himself, and farmed on shares for several years. In about 1850, he came to Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind., where he bought eighty acres of wild land, and to which he has added, now owning a well-improved farm of some 230 acres. In June, 1871, he removed to Stilesville, Hen- dricks County, Ind., wherfi he has since been engaged in the dry goods trade. He was one of the Commissioners of Morgan County for some sixteen years, and has held various township offices. Mr. G. acd wife are members of the Christian Church. He cast his first vote for William H. Harrison, but, since 1856, has been identified with the Republican party. Harrison Gentry, the subject, received a fair common school education, and was employed on the old homestead until he was twenty - one years old. He then farmed on shares for some ten years, after which he bought a farm of sixty acres in Adams Township, Morgan County, upon which he still resides. The farm is well improved. He was mar- ried, November 10, 1870, to Miss Eliza J. Hubble, a native of Hendricks County, Ind. Two children, one son and one daughter, have blessed their union — Clara M. and Con^rd. In politics, Mr. Gentry is a stanch Eepublican. DAVID H. GOSS, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in what is now Davie County, N. C, May 28, 1819, and is the sixth in a family of nine children born to Daniel and Martha (Ingram) Goss, the former of whom was a native of E'ennsylvania, and the latter of North Carolina. They were of German and Welsh descent respectively. When a lad, Daniel Goss removed with his parents to North Carolina, where he received a fair German education, and where he was afterward married, and en- gaged in agricultural pursuits for a time. In the spring of 1821, he emigrated with his wife and family to Owen County, Ind., and settled near Gosport, where he entered some 700 acres of wild land, erected a log house and improved a farm, to which he added some 200 acres, and upon which he resided iintil his death, which occurred February 14, 1834, in about his fiftieth year. Both himself and wife were members of the Christian Church. Mrs. Martha Goss departed this life in Feb- ruary, 1835. David H. Goss, the subject, received his education at the subscription schools of the Indiana frontier. After the^ death of his par- ents, he lived with his guardian, Abner Alexander, until he was married, which was in his twentieth year. He then farmed on shares for one year, after which he moved on to 160 acres of the old homestead in Owen County, Ind. , which had been willed to him by his father. To this he afterward added other lands, and here he resided until January, 1880, when he sold the old farm and bought another in Adams Township, where he now resides. He was first married, August 20, 1838, to Miss Marietta Johns, a native of Morgan County, Ind. To this union were bom three children, two of whom, both sons, are yet living. Mrs. Goss died May 17, 1843. She was a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Goss was next married. May 3, 1844, to Miss Zerilda E. Littell, a native 304 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: of Clarke County, Ind. Eight children blessed their union, five of whom, three sons and two daughters, are yet living. Both himself and wife are members of the Christian Church. He is also a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A. F. & A. M.; Gosport Chapter, E. A. M., and of the Council at Gosport of R. & S. M. Mrs. Goss is a member of the Order of the Eastern Star, and of the W. C. T. A. In politics, Mr. Goss is identified with the National or Greenback party. He is also an earnest advocate of the temperance cause, having been from early manhood a member of the old Washingtonian society. DANIEL N. HOLMES, merchant, was born in Decatur County, Ind., June 10, 1831, and is the fourth child in a family of five children born to Jacob and Frances (Stogsdale) Holmes, natives of Kentucky and of Irish descent. In early life, Jacob Holmes emigrated to Decatur County, Ind., where he was educated and married, and was engaged in agricult- ural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1840. Himself and wife were members of the Baptist Church. Daniel N. Holmes, the sub- ject, received a limited common school education. He has since, however, acquired a fair practical business education by his own exertions. At the age of thirteen, he went to learn the blacksmith's trade, and served an apprenticeship of some six years in Decatur, Shelby and Johnson Counties, Ind. In 1856, he came to Eminence, Ind. , where he followed his trade for some thirteen or fourteen years. He then bought a farm in Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind. , and was engaged in agricultural pursuits and the stock trade until the spring of 1879,, when he rented the farm and returned to Eminence. Here he opened a general store, and has been successfully engaged in merchandising ever since. He was first married in February, 1857, to Martha A. Pidler, a native of Ken- tucky. To this union were born eight children, six of whom, five sons and one daughter, are yet living. Mrs. Martha A. died May 27, 1877. She was a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Holmes was next mar- ried, July 4, 1878, to Miss Mariah H. Smith, a native of Indiana. In politics, Mr. H. is a Eepublican. ELIAS HUBBARD, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Guilford County. N. C, October 28, 1813, and is a son of George and Nancy (Shield) Hubbard, natives respectively of Virginia and Maryland. The paternal grandfather of our subject was a Revolutionary soldier. George Hubbard was a soldier of the war of 1812, and by occupation a farmer. In 1822, he moved to Wayne County, Ind., purchasing eighty acres, and entering eighty of timber, on which he made a good home for his family and endured the privations of a pioneer. He died in 1867, aged eighty-one, and his wife one year later, at the same age. They were upright and honored people. Elias Hubbard was reared a farmer, and in 1828 moved to this county, and after a time began life in earnest. October 18, 1839, he married Miss Margaret J. Gray, a native of Indiana, whose parents were pioneers of Clarke County. To this union were be- stowed, of whom survive, Mary J., Marilda, Malinda, Margaret, Abigail, David W., Mahala and Anna. In 1846, Mr. Hubbard purchased forty acres of his present home, and after many struggles and hardships has succeeded in making a comfortable property. He is a stanch Republican, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. WILLIAM H. JOHNSON, merchant and farmer, is the second son in the family of Hezekiah and Eliza (Green) Johnson, natives of North Carolina. Hezekiah Johnson was a farmer, married in his native State, ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 305 and emigrated to this county; entered land in this township, erected a cabin of logs, and resided until 1867, when he moved to Clayton and embarked in mercantile business, in which he continued with his son Elhanon until his death, in 1870, at the age of sixty-one. He was once a Whig, later a Republican, an honored citizen, and about 1840 was licensed to preach in the Methodist Episcopal Church, but later joined the Christian Church, and previous to his death held a large revival at Mount Tabor. Mrs. Johnson was a Methodist, and died in 1872. Will- iam H. Johnson was born in this township November 12, 1835, and named after President Harrison. He is a natural mechanic, and when but a boy made from seven to nine flour barrels a day. He remained under his parents' care until his thirtieth year, looking after the home farm. March 29, 1859, he married Mary Shoemaker, with an issue of five children — Eliza J., William S., John Edmund, Hezekiah and Miran- da F. After marriage, Mr. Johnson managed his father's homestead for a time, and afterward purchased a $1,200 stock of merchandise at La- Clair, and three years later removed to Lake Valley. He carries a select- ed and full stock of goods, and is a very popular dealer. March, 1877, he was made Postmaster at Lake Valley. He has invented a grain tally and other valuable devices. He is a Kepublican, a Freemason, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. MILO D. LITTELL, farmer, was bora in Clarke County, Ind., June 29, 1816, and is the fifth child in a family of eleven children born to Abraham and Elizabeth (Van Buskirk) Littell, the former a native of Fayette County, Penn. , and the latter of Ohio. They were of English- Scotch and Holland- English descent respectively. When but a lad thir- teen years old, in 1799, Abraham Littell emigrated with his parents to the Northwest Territory. In that year, his father, Absalom Littell, who was a veteran of the Revolutionary war, settled on Silver Creek, Clarke's Grant, in what is now Clarke County, Ind. Here young Abraham received his early education, and learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed in connection with farming all his life. He was also married in Clarke County, where he owned a farm which he afterward lost in con- sequence of a defective title. In 1819, he emigrated to Monroe County, Ind., where he entered eighty acres of land and commenced to improve a farm. In 1822, he sold this place, and moved to Owen County, Ind., where he again entered land and improved a farm, upon which he resided until about 1860, when he left the farm and moved to Alaska, where his death occurred March 8, 1862. He was Justice of the Peace in Owen County for three terms, and Township Trustee for a like period. He en- listed during the war of 1812, but was not in active service. Both him- self and wife were members of the Christian Church. He was also an earnest advocate of the temperance cause, being a member of the old Washingtonian Society. Milo D. Littell, the subject, received such an education as could be obtained at the rude log schoolhouses of the Hoosier frontier settlf>ments, and was employed on his father's farm until he was thirty-four years old. During this time, and for some three years after he left home, he followed flat-boating down the White, Wabash, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans. He was also a successful hunter. In 1845, he entered 120 acres of land in Adams and Ashland Townships, Morgan County, Ind.. and improved the farm upon which he still resides, and to which he, added until he was the owner of a well-improved farm of 184 acres, a part of which he has since deeded to his children. He 306 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: was married, September 11, 1853, to Martha Donaldson, a native of Jeffer- son County, Ky. Seven children blessed their union, six of whom, five sons and one daughter, are yet living. Mr. Littell and wife are mem- bers of the Christian Church. In politics, he is independent, but is an earnest advocate of the temperance cause. W. H. H. MoCLOUD, farmer, is a native of Hendricks County, Ind. , was born February 14, 1841, and is the f oijrth of the ten children born to George W. and Eunice (Bray) McCloud, natives respectively of Virginia and North Carolina. Our subject was reared a farmer's boy, with but slender opportunities for education, and was thrown on his own efforts at the age of sixteen, whereupon he worked as an engineer, and also drove cattle for several years. In 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteers, which formed for a time part of the Army of the Ohio, and was afterward transferred to the Army of the Cumberland. His first experiense as a soldier was at the battle of Wild Cat, then at Richmond (when he was detailed in the artillery), Thompson's Station, Besaca, Marietta, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, and was discharged September, 1864. March 9, 1865, he married Miss Mary Appleby, a union by which they became parents of eight children, three daughters and fi^ve sons. After marriage, Mr. McCloud engaged'in farming, and continued until March, 1879, when he moved to this county, where he has since resided. Mr. McCloud was one of the first to use the thresher, and has continued the same for sixteen years; he has also a portable saw-mill, and his whole machine outfit is valued at $2,000. He is a Republican, and a member of the G. A. R. JOHN W. MAHORNEY, M. D., was born in Hendricks County, Ind., January 13, 1857, and is the only living child born to Morgan D. and Julia A. S. (Reese) Mahomey, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Hendricks County, Ind,, and both of Irish descent. Mor- gan D. Mahomey received his early education in his native State, but when a lad of thirteen summers removed with his parents to Hendricks County, Ind. At the age of fifteen, he left home and was employed as a laborer on a railway for some three years, after which he worked on a farm for some three years longer. At the age of twenty-one, he was mar- ried, after which he farmed on shares until 1859, when he bought a farm in Franklin Township, Hendricks Co., Ind., upon which he still re- sides. John W. Mahomey, the subject of our sketch, received a good common school education. His mother died when he was only five years old, after which he made his home with an uncle for four years, when his father was again married and he returned home, remain- ing until he was twenty-one years old. In the spring of 1878, he com- menced the study of medicine with Dr. J. N. Green, of Stilesville, Hen- dricks Co., Ind., and graduated from the Medical College of Indiana, at Indianapolis, in March, 1883. In the following April, he located at Little Point, Morgan Co., Ind., where he now resides, and is rapidly building up a lucrative practice, and is regarded as one the rising young physicians of the county. He was married, October 24, 1883, to Miss Mary E. Smith, a native of Morgan County, Ind. Dr. Mahomey and wife are members of the church — he of the Regular Baptist and she of the Christian. In politics, the Doctor is a liberal Republican. ' JOHN R. MANNAN, general merchant, was born in Owen County, Ind. , January 16, 1859, and is a son of William C. and Margaret B. (Carter) Mannan, the former a native of Morgan and the latter of Owen ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 307 County, Ind. Both were of English, Irish and German descent. William C. Mannan received a good education at the common schools of his na- tive county, and also attended Asbury University, of Greencastle, Ind., for a time. At the age of nineteen, he left home; followed various pur- suits for some seven years. He was married in 1856, and soon after bought wild land in Ashland Township, Morgan Co., Ind., where he improved tlie farm upon which he still resides. He is a ntember of the Baptist Church and of the Patrons of Husbandry. John R. Mannan, the subject of our sketch, received a good common school education, and was employed on his father's farm until he was twenty-one years old. He then taught school during the fall and winter in his native county for three years, being employed on a farm during the summer season. He clerked in a general store at Eminence for one year. In March, 1883, he bought this store in company with Mrs. H. H. Nicholas. Mr. Man-* nan was married, September 7, 1880, to Laura M. Nicholas, a native of Clay County, Ind. Two sons have blessed their union. Mr. Mannan is a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 317, I. O. O. F., of which lodge he is at present V. G. In politics, he is a Democrat. MICHAEL E. MILLER, proprietor of Eureka Flouring Mills, was born in Botetourt County, Va., February 10, 1824, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Vinyard) Miller, both natives of the " Old Dominion," and of German descent. John Miller was educated aud married in his native State, where in early life he learned the tanner's trade, and fol- lowed the same for several years. In 1830, he came with his wife and family to Morgan County, Ind., and opened a tannery near where the village of Brooklyn is now situate, and remained some ten years. He then removed to Hendricks Couniy, Ind., and started a tannery near Belleville, where he resided until his death, which occurred in February, 1876. Both himself and wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was a soldier during the war of 1812. In 1822, he carae to Indianapolis, then only a small village, on a prospecting tour. The State was then almost an unbroken wilderness ; there being no roads, they were obliged to make their way by the blazed lines of the Government surveys. Both the grandfathers of our subject were veterans of the Revolutionary war. Michael E. Miller, our subject, received such an education as could be obtained in the schools of the Indiana frontier. He learned the tanner's trade with his father, and followed the same in Hendricks County, Ind., for more than twenty years. In 1872, he en- gaged in the saw and planing mill biisin,ess at Eminence, Morgan Co., Ind., which he followed until the fall of 1883, when he bought a half- interest in the Eureka Flouring Mills at same place. He still owns, however, the saw and planing mill. He was married, August 25, 1849, to Jane Cox, a native of Hendricks County, Ind. Six children were born to them, five of whom — two sons and three daughters — are yet liv- ing. Mr. Miller was for many years a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, but at present belongs to no church. Mrs. Miller and daugh- ters are members of the Christian Church. In politics, Mr. Miller is a Democrat, and has been for many years an earnest advocate of the tem- perance cause. JOHN T. MILES, blacksmith, was born in Orange County, N. C, August 13, 1849; is a son of James W. and Nancy N. (Squires) Miles, both bom in North Carolina, and were of German and Irish descent. James W. Miles was educated and married in his native State; he, in 308 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: early life, learned the wagon-maker's trade, also followed agricultural pursuits and undertaker's business in connection with the same for many years. In the fall of 1868, he came with his family to Monroe Town- ship, Morgan Co., Ind., where he remained for one year; then moved to Orange County, Ind., and remained some four or five years, after which he returned to Gregg Township, Morgan Co., Ind., residing there until his death, which occurred in the fall of 1879, in his sixty-seventh year. John T. Miles, our subject, received a fair common school education. At the age of seventeen, he came to Hendricks County, Ind., and com- menced to learn the blacksmith's trade, following the same in Missouri and Indiana ever since. In 1873, he removed to Hall, and in December, 1881, came to Eminence, Morgan Co., Ind., where he now resides. Mr. Miles was married, February 11, 1877, to Martha A. Mannan, a native of Owen County, Ind. Four children bless their union, three of whom, one son and two daughters, are yet living. Mrs. Miles is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Miles is a member of Eminence Lodge, No, 440, A. , F. & A. M. , having been a member of that order for the past fourteen years. In politics, he is a Democrat. THOMAS MILLS, farmer, was born in Carroll County, Ohio, Atril 8, 1838, and is the sixth in a family of seven children born to William and ■Catherine (Strawn) Mills, natives of Tuscarawas County, Ohio, and of Scotch-English and German descent respectively. William Mills was educated and married in his native county. Soon after his marriage, he removed to Carroll County, Ohio, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits for several years. In 1841, he removed to Putman County, Ohio, where he bought 120 acres of wild land, which he improved and lived upon uniil his death in April, 1846. Mrs. Catherine Mills departed this life in March, 1856. She was a member of the Christian Church. Thomas Mills, the subject of our sketch, received a fair common school education, and was employed on the old homestead in Ohio until he was fourteen years old, when the family removed to Gilboa, Putnam County, Ohio. In 1856, he removed to Cataract Falls, Owen County, Ind., where he was employed in a flouring mill for some four years. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Ninety-seventh Indiana Volunteer In- fantry, and was mustered out with the same at Washingtfm, D. C, in June, 1865. He participated in the battles at Vicksburg and Jackson, campaigns in Mississippi, Missionary Ridge, Eesacai, Kenesaw Mount- ain, and on return march of Sherman's famous raid to the sea. He was three times wounded — first at Jackson, Miss., severely by a cannon ball in the right side; second, June 15, 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain, slightly in the right hand; third, June 27, 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain, severely in the left thigh. From the first and third he has not and never will fully recover. After his return from the army he bought a small farm in Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind. , where he remained about one year; then removed to Putnam County, Ind., where he resided another year. In the spring of 1868, he returned to Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind., and bought a partially improved farm of some 200 acres, upon which he still resides. He was married, October 23, 1860, to Miss Amanda E. Williams, a native of Green Township, Mor- gan County, Ind., and a daughter of Louis and Mary (Cultion) Williams, who were among the early pioneers of Morgan County, To Mr. and Mrs. Mills have been left six children, two ^ons and four daughters. Mr. Mills is a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M. In politics, he is a stanch Eepublican. ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 309 CYRUS E. NICHOLAS (deceased), was born in Hendricks County, Ind., March 5, 1836, and was the third child in a family of eight chil- dren born to John and Parmelia (Hnff) Nicholas, the former of whom was a native of Kentucky, and the latter of New York. They were of. Scotch-Irish and French descent respectively. When a lad of some sev- en or eight summers, the parents of John Nicholas removed to Owen County, Ind. Here his father's death soon afterward occurred, in about 1815. His early education was extremely limited. Afterward, however, by his own exertions and the assistance of his wife, he acquired a fair practical education. From Owen County, while yet a single man, he came to Monroe Township, Morgan County, Ind., where he entered land and improved a farm. From thence he removed to Hendricks County, and afterward to Pulaski County, Ind. In the spring of 1868, he re- turned to Morgan County, Ind., settling at Eminence, where he was en- gaged in the general mercantile trade until his death, which occurred in March, 1870, in his sixty- third year. Himself and wifevwere members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which church he was for some forty years a local preacher. Mrs. Parmelia is yet living, and resides at Emi- nence, being now in her eighty-first year. Our subject. Cyrus E. Nich- olas, received a fair common school educatiou, and was employed on the home farm until he was twenty-one years old. He then learned the brick-mason's trade, which he followed for a number of years. In 1866, he engaged in the general mercantile trade at Eminence, Ind., and con- tinued the same until his death, which occurred June 7, 1882. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and of the I. O. O. F. Feb- ruary 6, 1859, he was united in marriage with Hester H. Bhea, a native of Washington County, Va. , and a daughter of George G. and Dorcas (Lowrey) Ehea (a sketch of whom will be found in this volume). Hes- ter H. received a good common school education. She is and ha sbeen through life an extensive and careful reader, being well informed on all the current topics of the time, the current literature of the day as well as ancient and modern history. Since her husband's death, she has con- tinued his business, that of general merchandising, at Eminence, being now in partnership with her son-in-law, Mr. John R. Mannan. She is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has been blessed with a family of three children, two of whom, both daughters, are yet living. LEVI OGLES, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Adams Town ship, Morgan County, Ind., June 17, 1843, and is the youngest of the ten children born to James and Hannah (Salliers) Ogles, the former of whom was a native of Tennessee, and the latter of the Old Dominion. They were of German and English descent respectively. James Ogles was educated and first married in his native State, removing from thence to Washington County, Va., where he lost his wife, and was again mar- ried to the mother of our subject. In 1829, he came to Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind. , entered eighty acres , of land and improved the farm upon which he resided until his death, which occurred in February, 1 865, in his seventy-fifth year. To his first purchase he added until he was the owner of some 280 acres. In politics, he was a Whig, until 1856, after which he was identified with the Republican party. Mrs. Hannah Ogles is yet living, and resides with her son Ira, in Adams Township, being now in her eighty-fourth year. Levi Ogles, the sub- ject of our sketch, received only a limited common school education, and 310 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: was employed on the home farm until he attained his majority, when his father deeded him a farm of eighty acres, near the old homestead, to ■which he has added another eighty, and upon which he still resides. In addition to farming, Mr. Ogles is also quite extensively engaged in stock- raising, and gives special" attention to the breeding of Norman horses. He was married. May 4, 1865, to Miss Margaret E. Summers, a native of Jefferson County, Ky. Five sons have blessed their union, viz.: George W., James G., John L., Orlando E. and Orie D. In politics, Mr. Ogles is a Democrat. MAETIN PAEKEE, merchant, was born in Adams Township, Mor- gan County, Ind., October 3, 1834; is the eldest of ten children born to William H. and Barthenia P. (Dobbs) Parker, the former a native of East Tennessee, and the latter of Kentucky. They were of English and Scotch-Irish descent respectively. William H. Parker emigrated with his parents from Tennessee to Putnam County, Ind., when only fourteen years old, in 1827. From thence they came, after about one year, to what is now Adams Township, IMorgan County, Ind. Here the father of William H. entered eighty acres of wild land, and with the help of his son and only heir improved a farm. This place William H. inher- ited at his father's death, and to it he added until he was the owner of a well-improved farm of some 400 acres. In this county he was also married. In 1846 or 1847, he engaged in the general mercantile trade, in connection with farming, and continued the same at Mount Washing- ton and Eminence for some twenty-five or twenty-six years. He was one of the Township Trustees, under the old constitution, for several terms, and was also Postmaster. He was one of the men who helped to grub the right of way of the old National Plank Eoad, through the present vil- lage of Stilesville. Himself and wife were members of the Baptist Church. His death occurred in September, 1875, and that of Mrs. Parker in Sep- tember of the previous year. Martin Parker, the subject, received an education in the subscription schools of the Indiana frontier. He re- mained on the home farm until he was twenty years old. He then took a lease of twenty acres, which he cleared and upon which he remained one year. After this he moved onto a partially improved farm of forty acres belonging to his wife, where he remained another year. He then farmed the home place on shares for one year. After this he farmed on shares in Putnam County for four years. In the spring of 1861, he moved onto 113 acres of wild land in Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind. Here he improved a farm, which he still owns, and here he resided until the fall of 1878, when he rented the farm and came to Eminence, where he owns valuable residence property, and also owns the best two- story brick business building in the place, in which he intends'opeuinga general store in the'spring of 1884. Mr. Parker was married, May 21, 1854, to Margaret E. Meek, a native of Morgan County, Ind. Ten chil- dren blessed their union, of whom only two sons are now living. Mr. Parker is a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A. , F. & A. M. In politics, he' is a member of the Greenback or National party, and is one of the earliest pioneers of the township and county. NOAH N. PATEICK, farmer and stock-dealer, was born in Putnam County, Ind., October 25, 1835, and is the sixth child in a family of eleven children born to Gabriel and Keziah (Williams) Patrick, a sketch of whom will be found in this volume. Our subject received only a very limited education, but by his own exertions, since he became a man, has ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 311 acquired a fair business education. He was employed on his father's farm until be was twenty years old, after which he farmed a part of the home place on shares ♦for some seven years. In September, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Fifty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served with that regiment until the close of the war, being mustered out at Washington, D. C, in June, 186fe. He participated with his regiment in the battles of Corinth, Missionary Ridge, Besaca, the Atlanta cam- paign and Sherman's march to the sea, and many other lesser engage- ments. After his return from the army, he was employed in agricultural pursuits and the stock trade in Morgan County for several years. He was then employed as a salesman in a general store at Eminence for some two years, after which he returned to his farm in Adams Township, same county, remaining until the spring of 1884. when he sold the farm and came to Eminence, where he now lives. He has been for the past five or six years Assessor of Adams Township. He was married, Decem- ber 6, 1855, to Pheba A. AUee, a native of what is now Mill Creek Town- ship, Putnam Co., Ind. Three children, two sons and one daughter, were the fruit of this union. Mr. Patrick and wife are members of the Baptist Church. He is also a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A. , F. & A. M., in which lodge he has tilled ever}"- station and is a Past Master, He is also a member of Qosport Chapter, R. A. M. [n politics, he is a Democrat. ENOCH A. PATRICK, carpenter, was born in Putnam County, Ind., August 14, 1837, and is the seventh child in a family of eleven children bom to Gabriel and Keziah (Williams) Patrick, the former of whom was a native of Virginia, and the latter of Bath County, Ky. They were of English and Irish descent, respectively. Gabriel Patrick received a good common school and academic education in Eath County, Ky. , where he married, and soon afterward, in 1826, removed to Putnam County, Ind., where he had the year before entered forty acres of wild land near Greencastle, erected a rude log cabin, and improved a farm. To this he afterward added forty acres, and erected one of the first brick dwellings in Putnam County. In 1837, he sold this farm and bought another of 160 acres, in the southeast part of the same county, where he resided until 1847. He then came to Adams Township, Morgan Co., Ind., and bought a farm of 211 acres, upon which he resided until his death, which occurred in May, 1864, in his sixtieth year. Mr. Patrick was also a veteran teacher, having taught for more than twenty consecutive winters. He and wife were members of the Baptist Church. Enoch A. Patrick, the subject, received a limited common school education. At the age of eighteen, he went to learn the carpenter's trade, which, after serving an apprenticeship of one year, he followed for another year. He then en- gaged in agricultural pursuits for about six years, when he resumed the carpenter's trade. In 1873, he was employed as a salesman in a general store at Eminence. After about one year, he bought an interest in the store, continuing therein until in January, 1881, when he sold out, and was engaged in the saw mill business for two years. He then resumed the carpenter's trade, and is still so employed. In March, 1876, he lost both his store and dwelling house by fire, sustaining a loss of $8,000. In , 1878, he erected a two story brick store building at Eminence, which he still owns. He was married, January 8, 1857, to Elizabeth A. Leonard, a native of Putnam County, Ind. Eleven children have been born to them, only five of whom, three sons and two daughters, are now living. 312 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Mr. Patrick and wife are members of the Baptist Church. He is also a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M., in which lodge he was the first man raised, and of which lodge he il a Past Master. He is also a member of Gosport Chapter, E. A. M. In politics, he is a Dem- ocrat, and is one of the old and representative citizens of the township and county. WILLIAM A. POTTOEFF, M. D., druggist, was born in Jefferson County, Ky., August 20, 1839, and is a son of Simeon and Eliza A. (McKewen) Pottorff, both natives of Jefferson County, Ky, The former was of German and the latter of Irish descent. Simeon Pottorff was educated and married in his native State, where in early life he was employed at the carding business in a woolen factory, at Jefferson, Ky. ; afterward he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and continued the same until the spring of 1877, when he came to Eminence, Morgan County Ind., and made his home with his son, our subject, until his death, which occurred March 23, 1878, in his eightieth year. Both him- self and wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, he hav- ing been a member for more than seventy years. William A. Pottorff, the subject, received a good common school education in his native State, and was employed on his father's farm until he was twenty-one years old. He then went to Southern Kentucky, where he was engaged in teaching for two years, and afterward, for a short time, was employed as salesman in a general store. In the spring of 1864, he commenced the study of medicine, in Jefferson, Ky., with Dr. M. L. Cooper, and gradu- ated from the Medical Department of the Louisville University in the spring of 1867. He then commenced the practice of his profession in his native county, where he remained some three years. In January, 1871, he came to Eminence, Morgan County, Ind., where he has since practiced his profession with excellent success. In June, ]883, he bought a drug store at Eminence, and is now conducting that business in connection with his profession. The Doctor was married, February 15, 1870, to Mary E. Butler, a native of Louisville, Ky. Four children, two sons and two daughters, have blessed this union, all of whom are yet' living. Both himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The Doctor is also a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A, P. & A. M. In politics, he is a Democrat, aTid is one of the leading and prominent citizens of the township and county. DANIEL PEXJITT, farmer, brick-maker and brick-layer, was bom in Oldham County, Ky., December 8, 1823, and is the third child in a family of eleven children born to Eli and Nancy (Williams) Pruitt, the former of whom was a native of North Carolina and the latter of Wash- ington County, Ky. They were of German and English decent respect- ively. When but a lad of some four summers, in 1795, Eli Pruitt emi- grated with his parents from North Carolina to Kentucky, which was then almost an unbroken wiiderness. They settled near the present site of Lexington, where his father. Bright Pruitt, bought some 600 acres of military lands, which he lost in consequence of a defective title. Afterward he entered 400 acres in what is now Oldham County, Ky. , where still later he built and operated a distillery until 1830, when he came to Gregg Township, Morgan Co., Ind., where he resided until his death. Young Eli received a very fair education at the rude log school- houses of the Kentucky frontier, and learned the cooper's trade with his father, which he followed for a number of years. At the age of twenty- ADAMS TOWNSHIP. ' 31S seven he was married, soon after which he bought a farm in Oldhami County, Ky., and was engaged in agricultural pursuits in connection with his trade until the fall of 1835, when he came with his family to Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind., entered and bought 743 acres of wild land, and improved a farm upon which he resided until his death, which occurred March 28, 1868, in his seventy- seventh year. He was an enrolling officer in Kentucky during the war of 1812, and Township Trustee for one term after he came to Indiana. Himself and wife were members of the Christian Church. In politics, he was identified with the Democratic party, and was one of the pioneers of Morgan County. Daniel Pruitt, the subject, received a fair common school education, and was employed on the home farm until he was twenty-one- years old. He then went to Mooresville, where he remained one year, and learned the brick-making land brick-mason's trades, which he fol- lowed in connection with farming for some thirty-five years. In 1846, his father deeded him forty acres of wild land in Adams Township, Morgan Co., Ind., to which he added, now owning a well-improved farm of 113 acres, upon which he resides. He was married, December 29, 1846, to Elizabeth Arnold, a native of Harrison County, Ind., and a daughter of Bichard and Lovina (Potts) Arnold, who were among the early settlers, of Morgan County. To Mr. and Mrs. Pruitt have been born eleven children, ten of whom, four sons and sis daughters, are yet living. Both himself and wife are members of the Christian Church. In politics,, he is a stanch Democrat. REV. ELI PRUITT, farmer and stock-raiser, is the eldest son of James- and Polly (Wilhite) Pruitt, natives respectively of South Carolina and Vir- ginia. James Pruitt was a soldier of the war of 1812, and was in the battle of New Orleans. He moved to Kentucky, there married, and farmed until 1832-33, when he came to this county, and located on land he had previously entered. He built a cabin, but lost his health the first year, and died with consumption in 1846, upward of sixty years old. He was- possessor of nearly 1,000 acres, was a Democrat and an upright citizen. Mrs. Pruitt afterward lived with our subject until her decease in 1866, being sixty-six years old. Eli Pruitt was born in Oldham County, Ky. , August 19, 1820, was reared to honest farm toil, and is largely self-edu- cated. When he was twenty-two years old, he located where he now re- sides, having, however, previously entered forty acres adjoining, and beginning with but a horse and a cow, his outfit being of the most primi- tive kind. Being an expert with the ax, he soon accumulated, by industry and care, a farm consisting of 200 acres. September 29, 1842, he mar- ried Miss Barbara M. Kivett, a native of North Carolina, by which union were produced two sons and four daughters, of whom are living John M., Belinda A., Paulina J. and Sarah M. Mr. Pruitt has been a leader in society, and is a licensed minister of the Christian- Church ; he has. held several large revivals, made many ba])tism8 and solemnized a num- ber of marriages. 'His conduct proves his professions, and he js greatly esteemed. JOSEPH W. RHEA, farmer and attorney, was born in Washington County, Va., December 28, 1825, and is one of ten children born to- George G. and Dorcas (Lowrey) Rhea, a sketch of whom will be found elsewhere in this volume. Joseph W. Rhea, the subject of our sketch, received a good common school education in youth, and was employed on his father's farm until he was seventeen years old. He then attended an 314 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: academy in Washington County, Va., for three years, after which he taught in Virginia for six months. In the fall of 1847, he removed to Jefferson County, Ky., where he taught continuously for five years, near Louisville. In the fall of 1852, he came to Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind. , where he built the first dwelling house on the site of the present village of Eminence, which was laid out the following year. Here he was engaged in general merchandising for two years, when he sold the store and went to East Tennessee to visit his father, whom he brought with him on his return to this township and county. In the spring of 1855, he moved onto a partially improved farm of ninety-five acres, one-half mile north of Eminence, where he has since resided. To this farm he has added till he now owns some 500 acres. Soon after he came to Adams Township, he was elected Justice of the Peace, which office he held continuously for thirteen years. He purchased a law li- brary and commenced the study of law, which profession he has practiced since with excellent success. He was regularly admitted to the bar in 1874. He also taught school nearly every winter from 1855 to 1879. He was first married in March, 1852, to Sirrintha A. Odair, a native of Jefferson County, Ky. To this union were born three children, two sons and one daughter. Mrs. Rhea died in May, 1864. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Bhea was next married in December, 1864, to Elizabeth Shoemaker, a native of this township and county. Two children — one son and one daughter — blessed their union. In politics, Mr. Hhea is a Democrat. In 1872, he was a candidate for the Lower House of the State Legislature. Mr. Rhea is one of the pioneers and prominent citizens of the county. The grandsire of our subject was one of several brothers, who emigrated from Ireland to the United States, all of whom then spelled their names Ray, but he, our subject's grand- father, became acquainted with a certain school teacher, who advised him to change the spelling of the name to Rhea, which he did, and so his descendants have spelled it ever since; but the other brothers and their descendants still spell the name Ray. JOHN L. RHEA, farmer and stock-dealer, was born in Washington County, Va., February 15, 1837, and is the sixth in a family of ten chil- dren born to George G. and Dorcas (Lowrey) Rhea. Our subject re- ceived a fair English education at the common and high schools of Tennessee and Indiana. He was employed on his father's farm until eighteen years of age, when he went to learn the carpenter's trade, and followed the same until the breaking-out of the late civil war. In Oc- tober, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Fifty-ninth -Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served with that regiment in all its marches and engage- ments until, in March, 1865, when he was discharged at Indianapolis, 'his term of service having expired. He participated in the capture of Island No. 10, the siege and battle of Corinth, the battles of the Jackson and Vicksburg campaign. Missionary Ridge and many other lesser engagements. After his return from the army, he followed his trade for some five or six years. He then bought a farm of 140 acres, adjoining Eminence on the east, where he was engaged in farming and the stock trade until 1871. He then sold this farm and bought another of 160 acres, in same township, one mile west of Eminence, where he is still engaged in the same business. He was first married in 1861, to Miss Nancy Walters, a native of Morgan County, Ind. Two children were the fruit of this union, only one of whom, viz., Hattie L., is now ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 315 living. Mrs. Nancy died November 3, 1865. She was a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Bhea was next married, December 17, 1869, to Mies Nancy J.Magg, a native of Owen County, Ind. Three children — one son and two daughters — have blessed their union. Both Mr. Rhea and wife are members of the church, he of the Methodist Episcopal and she of the Baptist. He is also a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M. , of which lodge he is a charter member, and was its first Master. In politics, he. is a stanch Republican- WILLIAM C. RHEA, attorney, was born in Washington County, Va., September 24, 1845, and is a son of George G. and Dorcas (Low- rey) Rhea, both natives of the " Old Dominion. " They were of Irish and Scotch-Irish descent respectively. George G. Rbea removed to Jef- ferson County, East Tenn. , in 1848, where he purchased a farm and re- sided until 1854. He came to Adams Township, Morgan Coanty, Ind. , where he bought a farm upon which he resided until his death, which oc- curred March 29, 1864. He and wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Although reared in a slave State, Mr. Rhea was from his youth an Abolitionist and an ardent advocate of the cause of liberty. William C. Rhea, the subject, received a fair education at the common schools, and also attended Asbury University for one year. After this, he taught in this (Morgan) and Johnson Counties for some twelve years during the fall and winter. During this time, he also commenced the study of law. In 1874, he engaged in general merchandising at Emi- nanee, Morgan Co., Ind., and also practiced his profession. In Febru- ary, 1883, he sold out his store, and has since been exclusively engaged in the practice of his profession. He was Justice of the Peace in Adams Township from 1878 to 1882. In September, 1862, he enlisted in Com- pany D, Seventieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, first commanded by Gen. Benjamin Harrison. He served with his regiment in all engage- ments until the close of the war, being mustered out with his regiment at Washington, D. C, in May, 1865. He was married, June 15, 1875, to Frances A. Watson, a native of Morgan County, Ind. Two daughters have blessed this union, viz., Elma M. and Mary Y. Mr. Rhea is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal, and Mrs. Rhea of the Baptist Church. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. In politics, he is a Dem- ocrat, and is one of the old and prominent citizens of the township and county. JOSEPH C. RHEA, Postmaster and merchant, was born in Wash- ington County, Va., May 6, 1838, and is the fourth child in a family of ten children born to Robert H and Frances G. (Dungan) Rhea, both na- tives of the " Old Dominion, " and of Irish descent. Robert H. Rhea was educated and married in iiis native State, where in early life he learned the millwright's trade, which he followed in connection with ag- ricultural pursuits all his life. He owned a farm in both Washington and Smith Counties, Va., and at one time was the owner of three flour- ing mills. His death occurred in Washington County, Va., June 27, 1855, in his fifty-fifth year. He was for many years Adjutant General of the Virginia militia, and he and wife were life-long members of the Methodist Church. Joseph C. Rhea, the subject, received an excellent com- mon school and academic education in youth, and also attended Emory and Henry College, of Washington County, Va. , for a time. At the age of sixteen, he commenced teaching, and taught three years in his native State. In the spring of 1861, he fled, a refugee, from Virginia to Emi- 20 316 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: nence, Morgan Co., Ind, where he taught for one term, anci then, Octo- ber 18, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Fifty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served with that regiment in all its marches and engajje- ments until September, 1862, when he was discharged on account of dis- ability. He was First Sergeant of his company for a time, and was after- ward company Clerk. In August, 1863, here-enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Seventeenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served with that regiment in all its marches and engagements until March 25, 1864, when he was mustered out at Indianapolis. In this company he also served as First or Orderly Sergeant. After his return from the army, he again engaged in teaching, and taught for seventeen winters, being employed at the carpenter's trade in the summer season. In March, 1883, he en- gaged in the general mercantile trade at Eminence, and is still so en- gaged. At the same time, March, 1883, he was appointed Postmaster at Eminence, and is now holding that office. From 1874 to 1876 inclusive, he served as Commissioner of Morgan County, Ind. He was married, September 21, 1865, to Margaret A. Ogles, a native of Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind. Mr. Ehea is a member of the Methodist Episco- pal, and Mrs. Ehea of the Baptist Church. He is also a member of Em- inence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M., and of Eminence Lodge, No. 317, I. O. O. F. In the latter order, he has passed all the chairs, and is now D. D. Gr. M. In politics, he is a stanch Republican, and is one of the leading and prominent citizens of the township and county. JAMES H. RHEA, carpenter, was born in Smith County, Va., No- vember 23, 1842, and is the sixth child in a family of ten children born^ to Robert H. and Fxances G. (Dungan) Rhea. He received only a very limited education in youth, but has since by his own exertions acquired a fair practical business education. In June, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany H, Thirty-seventh Virginia Volunteer Infantry, the regiment being assigned to Gen. R. E. Lee's army of North Virginia, and to the com- mand of the famous Gen. " Stonewall" Jackson, until the latter's death. He served with his regiment in all its marches and engagements until the battle of Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, 1864, when he was taken prisoner and confined at Fort Delaware until March 22, 1865, when, through the influence of friends and the recommendation of Gov. Mor- ton, he was released. He participated in the battles of Petersburg, Fred- ericksburg, the Wildnerness, Spottsylvania, and many other engagements. After being released from Fort Delaware, he came to Eminence, Morgan Co., Ind., where he immediately learned the carpenter's trade, and has followed the same ever since. He landed at Eminence with only $2 in money, and no property of any description, but by industry and economy has since amassed a handsome property. He was married, September 9. 1866, to Miss Sarah J. Sligar, a native of Owen County, Ind. Six chil- dren blessed their union, five of whom, four sons and one daughter, are yet living. Both Mr. Rhea and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 317, I. O. O. F., in which lodge he has passed all the chairs, and is now a member of the Grand Lodge of the State. In politics, he is a Demo- crat, and is one of the enterprising mechanics and prominent citizens of the township and county. JAMES G. RYAN, farmer, was born in Mercer County, Ky., Octo- ber 11, 1836, and is the fifth child in a family of eight children born to Patrick D. and Permelia A. (Grayham) Ryan, the former a native of the ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 317 "Old Doninion," and the latter of Kentucky. They were of Irish and English descent respectively. Patrick D. Kyan received his education in his native State. In early life, he removed with his parents to Ken- tucky, where he was afterward married, and where for twenty years he followed teaming, from Louisville to various points in Kentucky, Ten- nessee and Virginia. He then engaged in agricultural pursuits, and fol- lowed the same in Oldham and Jefferson Counties, Ky., until his deuth, which occurred June 4, 1852. James G. Eyan, the subject, received an ordinary education in the common schools of Kentucky and Indiana. In November, 1852, the family came to Adams Township, Morgan Co., Ind., where they rented a farm and engaged in agricultural pursuits. Our subject remained at home until he was nineteen years old, after which he was employed as a laborer on a farm for some three years. In July, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Twenty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, afterward known as the First Indiana Heavy Artillery. He served with that regiment in all its marches and engagements until April, 1862, when he was discharged • by reason of disabilities at Ship Island. October 23, 1863, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Seventeenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, recruited for the six months' service, and served until the expiration of their term of service, being mustered out with the regiment in April, 1864. October 25, 1864, he again enlisted in Company H, Twenty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served with that regiment in all its marches and engagements until the close of the war, being mustered out with the regiment at Dalton, Ga. , June 23, 1865. After his return from the army he engaged in agri- cultural pursuits, and has been so employed ever since in Adams Town- ship, Morgan County, with the exception of two years, from 1867 to 1869, when he resided in Illinois. For the past three or four years, he has been employed part of the time at blacksmithing. He was married, July 17, 1859, to Marhicia Surber, a native of Adams Township, Morgan Co., Ind. One daughter has blessed their union — Luena G. In politics, he is a Eepublican. "WILLIAM A. EYAN, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in' Campbell County, Tenn., September 26, 1825, and is the second child in a family of six children born to John and Elizabeth (Dagley) Eyan, both of whom were natives of Tennessee, and were of Irish and Holland descent re- spectively. John Eyan was educated and married in his native Tennes- see, where he was for many years engaged in agricultural pursuits. In the spring of 1833, he sold the farm in Tennessee, and, with his wife and family, started for Indiana, but died on the way at New Albany, where he was buried, and where he had resided some eighteen months. He was a member of no church, but belonged to the Masonic fraternity. After Mr. Eyan's death, in August, 1835, the family removed to Owen County, Ind., where they were engaged in farming for some four or five years. They then came to Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind. Here the death of ifrs. Elizabeth Eyan occurred October 3, 1849, in her forty- fifth year. From early life she was a devoted and consistent member of the Missionary Baptist Church. William A. Eyan, the subject of our sketch, received such an education as could be obtained at the subscrip- tion schools taught in the primitive log schoolhouses of the Indiana frontier. He was employed at home with his moth er until twenty-three years old. He then settled on a partially improv ed farm in Adams Township, Morgan County, w hich had been deeded him and wife by his 318 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: father-in-law. He also entered and bought wild land in what is now Ashland Township, same county, which he improved and subsequently sold. In 1870, he bought a partially improved farm half mile north of Eminence, in A.dams Township, Morgan County, upon which he now re- sides, which is one of the best improved farms in the township. He continued to add to his real possessions until he was the owner of some 840 acres of well-improved land, a part of which he has since deeded to his children. He was married, October 29, 1848, to Miss Louisa J. Walters, a native of Owen County, Ind. Nine children blessed their union, eight of whom — four sons and four daughters — are yet living. Mrs. Louisa J. Eyan departed this life October 22, 1883. She was and had been from childhood a devoted and consistent member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Mr. Eyan also is and has been from early life a mem- ber of the same church, having been a Deacon in the same for many years. He is also a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 317, I. O. O. F., in which lodge he has passed all the chairs, being a member of the Grand Lodge of the State. In politics, he is a Republican, and is one of the early settlers, prominent farmers, and respected citizens of the township and county. ADAM E. SHAKE, farmer, was born in Jefferson County, Ky., April 25, 1821, and is the youngest in a family of five children born to George and Cristiann (Donaldson) Shake, natives of Je£ferson County, Ky., and of German and Scotch descent respectively. George Shake was educated and married in his native State, where he owned a small farm, and was engaged in agricultural pursuits until the fall of 1835, when he came with his family to Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind. Here he en- tered and bought 400 acres of wild land and improved a farm, upon which he resided until his death, which occurred in 1848, in his fifty- sixth year. Mr. S. was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and his wife of the Baptist Church. He was also a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity. Adam E. Shake, the subject, received only a limited common school education, and was employed on his father's farm until he wa? twenty-oue years old. His father then deeded him 160 acres of wild land adjoining the old homestead, which he improved and upon which he still resides, having 240 acres, upon which is the best sugar orchard in the township. Mr. Shake was married, January 7, 1841, to Miss Martha B. Whitaker, a native of Shelby County, Ky. Nine chil- dren blessed their union, six of whom — two sons and four daughters — are yet living. Mr. Shake and wife are devoted members of the Christian Church. He is also a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., E. & A. M., of which lodge he is a Past Master. In politics, he is a Eepublican. LEONAED B. SHAW (deceased farmer and stock dealer) was born in Ohio, June 18, 1832, and was the eldest in a family of eight children born to Upton and Susan (Branam) Shaw, the for- mer a native of the "Old Dominion" and the latter of Ohio, and of English and German descent respectively. Upton Shaw received his early education in his native State. When only a lad, he removed with his parents to Ohio, where he was married. In about 1840, he, with his wife and family, went to Putnam County, Ind. , where he bought wild land and improved a farm, upon which he resided until his death, which occurred in 1875. Mrs. Susan Shaw is yet living and resides on the old homestead in Putnam County. She is and has been from early life a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Leonard B. Shaw, ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 319 the subjeet, received a fair common school, education in youth in Ohio and Indiana. When but a small boy, his parents removed to Putnam County, Ind., where he was afterward, married, and where he was en- gaged in agricultural pursuits for a time. After this he resided in Mor- gan and Hendricks Counties, Ind. , and in Douglas County, 111. , for a time, where he was employed at farming. He then returned to .Morgan County, Ind., remaining only a few months. He then moved to Stilesville, Hendricks County, where he was engaged in the milling business for some three years and afterward at farming in the same county, In the spring of 1869, he came to Adams Township, Morgan County, where he bought a partially improved farm of eighty acres, to which he added until he became the owner of 500 acres of well-improved land, upon which he resided until his death, which occurred August 26, 1880. He was Postmaster at Little Point for some two or three years. He was married, March 27, 1855, to Amanda J. Wallace, a native of Tennessee. Eight children, blessed their union, five of whom are still living, viz. : Mary E., James B., William A., Elijah U. and Amber E. Mrs. Amanda J. Shaw still resides on the old homestead, and with her three of the children, viz.: James B., who was born May 3, 1857; Elijah U., born August 8, 1861, and Amber E., born May 23, 1866. James B. has recently started in a religious life, but has not as yet identified himself with any church. He is also a member of Morgan Lodge, No. 211, I. O. O. F. William A. Shaw was born December 16, 1858, and was married January 5, 1882, to Miss Mary A. Ryan, a native of Morgan County, Ind. ; one son — an infant not named — has blessed their union. Mrs. Mary A. is a member of the Baptist Church, and Mr. Shaw, also, has recently started in the Christian life, but has not as yet identified himself with the church. The Shaw family have been and are among the early set- tlers and prominent citizens of Morgan County. In politics, they are identified with the Democratic party. ELLISON SLIGAR, cabinet-maker and undertaker, was born in Bullitt County, Ky., October 11, 1822, and is the youngest of ten chil- dren born to David and Margaret (Stafford) Sligar, buth of whom were natives of Pennsylvania, and of German and Scotch descent respectively. David Sligar was educated and married in his native State. In about 1797, he emigrated to Bullitt County, Ky., then an unbroken wilderness. Himself and wife, with several other families, came down the Ohio River in fiat-boats from Pittsburgh, landing at the present site of Louisville, Ky., which then contained only a few log cabins. He proceeded immediately to Bullitt County, yhere he entered 263 acres of land, which he was obliged to pay for twice in consequence of a defective title. Here he improved a farm, upon which he resided until his death, which occurred January 4, 1832, in his seventy-fifth year. Ellison Sligar, the subject of our sketch, received such an education as could be obtained at the primitive log sehoolhouses of the Kentucky frontier. After his father's death, he resided with his brother Thomas until he was seventeen' years old. He then went to learn the carpenter's and cabinet-maker's trades, serving an apprenticeship of three years, and has followed one or both of these trades ever since. In 1843, he removed to Gosport, Owen County, Ind., where he resided two years; thence to Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind., and settled near the present site of Eminence, where he still resides. He erected the first two buildings in the village of Eminence. In 1851, he bought wild land and has since improved the farm where he 320 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: now lives, and for the last twenty-five years has been engaged in agri- cultiiral pursuits in connection with his trade. He was for a time one of the Trustees of Adams Township under the old constitution. He was married March 25, 1844, to Margaret Gilliland, a native of Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Thomas and Margaret (Stogdal) Gilli- land, natives of Ireland, who emigrated to the United States in 1793. They were lifelong members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The former died in 1825, in his sixty-sixth year, and the latter in 1869, in her one hundred and second year. To our subject and wife have been born one daughter, viz. , Sarah J., now Mrs. James H. Ehea. Mr. and Mrs. Sligar are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M., of which lodge he has been Chaplain for some ten years. In politics, he is a Democrat. WILLIAM H. SMITH, farmer, and Justice of the Peace, was born in Hendricks Couuty Ind., March 22, 1843, and is the fifth in a family of nine children born to Hackney and Rebecca T. (Duty) Smith, natives of North Carolina. Our subject received only a very limited education, but by his own exertions since he attained to manhood's estate, has ac- quired a fair practical business education. He is an extensive reader, being well informed in general history and the current literature of the times. His father died when he was fourteen years old, and he remained on the old homestead with his mother until he was seventeen, after which he was employed as a laborer on a farm until in August, 1861. He then enlisted ia Company A, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served with that regiment until the close of the war, being mustered out at Louisville, Ky., in August, 1865. He was twice slightly wounded. At Thompson's Station, Tenn., March 5, 1863, the brigade to which he belonged was captured, but after about one month was exchanged. He participated in the battles of Eesaca, Dallas Woods, Culp's Farm, Ken- esaw Mountain, all the battles of the Atlanta campaign and the march with Sherman to the sea. After his return from the army, he came to Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind,, where he has ever since resided and been engaged in agricultural pursuits. He bought the farm where he now lives in 1872. He is now serving his second term as Justice of the Peace, and has held various other township offices. He was married, July 29, 1866, to Juliet E. Shake, a native of Morgan County, Ind. Seven children blessed their union, six of whom, two sons and four daughters, are yet living. Mr. Smith and wife are members of the Chris- tian Church, and are earnest advocates of the temperance cause. In pol- itics, Mr. Smith is a Eepublican. ALFRED M. SMITH, teacher, was born In Adams Township, Mor- gan County, Ind.. November 24, 1851, and is a son of Hackney and. Rebecca T. (Duty) Smith, both natives of North Carolina, and of En- glish descent. Hackney Smith was educated and married in his native State, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until the fall of 1838. He then removed with his wife and family to Hendricks County, Ind. , and settled near Belleville, where he farmed on shares for some five years. In 1843, he came to Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind., entered a tract of land and improved a farm, upon which he resided un- til ,his death, which occurred in 1855. Both himself and wife were members of the Baptist Church. Alfred M. Smith, the subject, received a*good common school and academic education. His mother died in 1860, but he remained on the home farm with his sister until 1866, after ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 321 which he made his home with Solomon Dorsett until the fall of 1871. He then commenced teaching, and has taught daring the fall and winter «ver since, being employed as a salesman or at farming in the summer. He was married, in December, 1874, to Nellie J. Ogles, a native of Mor- gan County, Ind. Three children blessed their union, only one of whom, Lena P., is now living. Mrs. Smith died in October, 1880. She was a member of the Baptist Church, of which church, Mr. Smith is also a member. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities. In politics, he is a Democrat, and is one of the enterprising and respected citizens of the township and county. JOSEPH J. SMITH, farmer, was born in Chatham County, N. C, April 8, 1818, and is one of the family of Jonathan and Martha (Hack- neyj Smith, also natives of North Carolina. The grandparents of our subject were Quakers and natives of Pennsylvania, who soon after the Revolutionary war joined a Friends' colony in North Carolina. Jona- than Smith was born February 22, 1783, was reared a farmer and had a good education, afterward becoming a teacher. He was also a Major of cavalry in the war of 1812. In 1837, he settled near Monrovia in this State, soon after locating on the farm where our subject now resides. He was married in 1807, was a Baptist, a Whig, and died October 24, 1859, his wife February 19, 1867. aged seventy-five. Joseph J. Smith was reared by his parents, received a fair education, and worked as a farm hand for several years. He came to this township in 1840 and took charge of the homestead. March 2, 1854, he married Nancy J. Bray, by which marriage he became the parent of three living sons and four living daughters. Except an absence of four years, Mr. Smith has resided where he now is, on a farm of 80f acres, solely acquired by him- sfelf. He raised the first barn in the township, and used the first thresh- er and the first separator here operated. He is an active Republican, and has served as Justice twenty-four and as Constable four years. He has likewise held many township oifices. He is a public-spirited citizen, and was a member of the Central Committee from 1844 to 1874. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Friends' Society. ELIAS R. SMITH, farmer, is a native of Chatham County, N. C, was born Jtme 7, 1834, being the second of three sons born to George and Celia (Paschal) Smith, both natives of North Carolina, and respect- ively of English and Scotch descent. George Smith was a soldier of the war of 1812, and by occupation a farmer. His father, David Smith, was a soldier of 1776 and a Quaker. George Smith was Secretary of a <^uaker colony, and died in 1857. He was a Whig and an Abolitionist, His wife closed her life in 1846, a consistent Baptist. Elias R. Smith "was reared a farmer, obtained but little education except what is self- acquired, and when of age reached out for himself. He took charge of liis father's business when said father passed away. In 1858, he came to this county, mainly because of his anti-slavery predilections, and farmed on rented land. In 1863, he located where he has since resided, his farm now embracing 138 acres of well-improved land. March 1, 1863, he married Mary, daughter of John and Polly McCoUum, a union rich in the birth of nine children — Mary E., John E., William L., Celia A., Minnie B., Roxanna P., Effie J., Ellen S. and Florence L. Mr. Smith is a stanch Republican, a member of the great order of Masonry and a Patron of Husbandry. His youngest brother was a soldier of the ebellion, and perished in the service. Mr. and Mrs, Smith are members of the Christian Church. S22 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: GEORGE T. SUMMEES, farmer, was bom in Jefferson County, Ky. , July 27, 1843, and is the second child and eldest son in a family of nine children born to George G. and Diana (Gilliland) Summers, both of whom were natives of Kentucky and of Irish descent. George G. Summers was educated and married in his native State, where he was en- gaged in agricultural pursuits until 1852, when he came to Adams Town- ship, Morgan County, and bought 200 acres of wild land and improved a farm. In 1876, he left the old home farm, which he afterward divid- ed among his children, and removed to Eminence, where he resided un- til his death, which occurred December 24, 1883, in his sixty-fourth year. He was enlisted and mustered for the war with Mexico, but was dis- charged before going into active service. He was educated in the Cath- olic faith, but belonged to no church. For many years he was a member of the Masonic fraternity. George T. Summers, tiie subject, received a fair common school education, and also attended commercial college at Indianapolis. He was employed on his father's farm until he was twen- ty years old. In October, 1863, he enlisted in Company .D,/ One Hun- dred and Seventeenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, recruited for the six months' service, and was mustered out with same in April, 1864. After his return from the army, he engaged in the live stock trade, mainly horses and cattle, for a number of years. He also taught for three win- ters, and was employed for a time as a salesman in a notion store at In- dianapolis, and still later as a salesman in a general store at Eminence. He is at present engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was married, Sep- tember 15, 1870, to Sarah F. Mosier, a native of Morgan County, Ind. To this union were born three sons, all of whom are living. Mrs. S. died in April, 1881. Mr. Summers was next married, February 1, 1883, to Mrs. Elizabeth E. (Voshell) Miller, a native of Morgan County, Ind. Mrs. Summers is a member of the Baptist Church. In politics, Mr. Summers is a Democrat, and is one of the early settlers and enterprising citizens of the township and county. JAMES S. SUMMERS, farmer, was born in Jefferson County, Kj'.. August 25, 1845, and is the third in a family of nine children born to George G. and Diana (Gilliland) Summers, whose sketch will be found above. James S. Summers, the subject of this sketch, received a fair common school education. He was employed on his father's farm until he was of age. He then farmed on shares for several years, during which time he bought property in Eminence, where he resided three years. In 1875, he removed back to the old homestead in Adams Town- ship, Morgan County, a part of which he bought and upon which he now resides. He was married, January 28, 1866, to Cynthia A. Sligar, a native of Bullitt County, K.y. , and a daughter of Thomas Sligar, who was also a native of Bullit'fc County, Ky., where he was born in 1803. He now lives with the subject of our sketch and is in his eighty-first year. To Mr. and Mrs. Summers have been bom six children — three bons and three daughters^— all of whom are yet living and take a great interest in music. In politics, Mr. Summers is a Democrat. WILLIAM E. SUMMEES, farmer, was born in Morgan County, Ind., August 1, 1852, and is the sixth in a family of nine children bom to George G. and Diana (Gilliland) Summers. Our subject received a very fair common school education and was employed on his father's farm until he was twenty-one years old. He then continued to farm the home place on shares for several years. He now owns a part of the ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 323 home farm, near Eminence, to which he has added other land. He was married, February 17, 1878, to Miss Loda A. Skelton, a native of Audrain County, Mo., and a daughter of Thomas and Eachel (McCord) Skelton, natives of Indiana and of Scotch and English descent respectively. To Mr. and Mrs. Summers have been born tiiree children, viz. : Nettie M. , Charles G., and an infant not named. Mr. Summers is a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M. In politics, he is a Democrat. JOHN H. TWOMEY, proprietor saw mill, and a lumber dealer, was born in New Albany, Ind., December 20, 1848, and is a son of Evan E. and Mary E. (McKinly) Twomey. Our subject received a good common school and academic education, and at the age of seventeen engaged in the saw mill business in company with his father and others at New Albany, Ind., remaining some two years. He was then employed in the sheet iron works, at the same city. In March, 1868, he came to Ashland Townshij^, Morgan Co., Ind., where he farmed for one year, and then again engaged in the saw mill and lumber business in company with his father and brother and has been so employed ever since. In the fall of 1873, they moved the mill to Adams Township, same county, near Emi- nence. Mr. Twomey is at present Constable of Adams Township. He has been twice married, first. February 9, 1871, to Lydia E. Spain, a native of Morgan County, Ind. Mrs. Lydia E. died January 9, 1872. She was a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Twomey was next married October 21, 1873, to Mary J. Shake, a native of Adams Town- ship, Morgan Co., Ind. Three children, one son and two daughters, have blessed their union. In politics, Mr. Twomey is a stanch Democrat. WILLIAM E. VAELEY (boots and shoes) was bom July 4, 1855. in Richland County, Ohio, and is a son of Joseph and Lucy (Crawshaw) Varley, both natives of England. Joseph Varley received a very limited education, but by his own exertions after he became a man, he became well informed. In about 1848 or 1849, he emigrated to the United Stages • on the Great Eastern, on her first trip. His family afterward joined him. He first settled in TJtica, N. Y., where he worked in a brass foundry for two years. He then removed to Newcastle, Eichland Co. , Ohio, remaining about two years, returning to Utica. After a few years, he moved to Mansfield, thence to Marion,- remaining there until 1868. He then re- moved to Clay County, Ind., where he still resides, following his trade, that of watch-making. Mrs. Varley died in 1873 ; was a member of the Baptist Church, of which Mr. Varley is a member also. William E. Varley, our subject, received a common school education. At the age of eighteen, he commenced to learn the trade of a shoe-maker, serving an apprenticeship of two and a half years, after which he worked as a journeyman about two years. In the fall of 1877, he came to Eminence, Ind. , and set up a shop of his own, where he is doing a thriving bus- iness. He held the office of Postmaster at Eminence for one year; was married, November 1, 1883, to Sarah J. Hazlette, a native of Morgan County, Ind. Mr. Varley belongs to a subordinate Lodge of the I. O. O. F., of which he is P. G. JAMES WALLACE, farmer and stock-dealer, was born in Adams Township, Morgan County, Ind., October 21, 1837, and is the third child in a family of eleven children born to Elijah and Melvina (Manley) Wallace, natives of East Tennessee, and of Irish and English descent respectively. Elijah Wallace received only a limited education at the subscription schools taught in the rude log schoolhouses of the East Ten- 324 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: nessee frontier. Here he was also married, and soon after, in 1834, came to what was then Adams Township, Morgan Co. , Ind. , but is now in ■ eluded in Hendricks County. Here he bought and entered some 200 acres of land, which he partially improved, and afterward sold and bought other lands in the same township, where he' has since improved a farm to which he added until he was the owner of some 2,000 acres in Putnam, Morgan and Hendricks Counties, Ind., a part of which he has since deeded to his children. He now lives in Hendricks County, and is in his seventy -fourth year. His father, David Wallace, was a veteran of th6 war of 1812. James Wallace, the subject, received a fair common school education, and was employed on the home farm until he was twenty-one years old; afterward farming on shares for some four years. He then bought a farm of 190 acres in Adams Township, McSrgan Co;, Ind., upon which he still resides. The farm is well improved, and Mr. Wallace has given especial attention to breeding fine stock, especially Norman horses, Poland- China hogs and Cots wold sheep. He is now serving his second term as Trustee of Adams TownAip. He was first married March 21, 1861, to Eebecca AUee, a native of Putnam County, Ind. To this anion were born seven children, three sons and four daughters, all of whom are yet living. Mrs. Eebeca Wallace died March 5, 1879. She was a member of the Church of God. Mr. Wallace was next married June 15, 1882, to Mrs. Mary A. (Pike) McFadden, a n ative of Hendricks County, Ind. One daughter has blessed their union — Hattie M. In politics, Mr. Wallace is a Democrat. ROBERT S. WALTERS, farmer and teacher, was born in Adams Township, Morgan Co. , Ind., March 5, 1850, and is the youngest of seven children born to Richard and Frances (Asher) Walters, natives of Clay County, Ky., and of Welsh descent. Richard Walters re- ceived his early education in his native State. At the age of eighteen years, in 1823, he epaigrated with his parents to Owen County, Ind., where he was first married to Miss Susan Brasier, who bore him two children; after her death he was married, in the same county, to the mother of our subject. In about 1835, he came to Adams Township, Morgan Co., Ind., where he entered and bought 240 acres of wild land, and improved a farm, upon which he resided until his death, which oc- curred April 13, 1871, in his sixty-fifth year; both were members of the Baptist Church. His wife died September 11, 1873, aged sixty-six. Robert S. Walters, the subject, received a good common school education, and has taught during the winter season in his native township and county for the past fourteen years. He has always resided on the old homestead, a part of which he now owns and cultivates. He was mar- ried, April 12, 1874, to Miss Mary C. Patrick, a native of Adams Town- ship, Morgan Co. , Ind. Three children have been born to them, only one of whom, an infant, not named, is now living. Mr. Walters is a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M. In politics, he is a Democrat. ANDREW J. WATSON, merchant, was born in Ashland Township, Morgan Co., Ind., February 23, 1845, and is the sixth child in a family of eleven children born to Simon and Samirah (Bowman) Watson, the former oE whom was a native of Nortjh Carolina, and the latter of Ken- tucky. When but an infant one year old, in 1813, Simon Watson's par- ents emigrated from North Carolina to Washington County, Ind., where . y remained only a few months. They then removed to Jackson ADAMS TOWNSHIP. 325 County, Ind., where young Simon passed his childhood and youth, re- ceiving only a very limited education at the rude log schoolhouses of that frontier settlement. In about 1830, the family came to Adams Town- ship, Morgan Co., Ind., where his father entered land, and improved a farm. Simon was married November 27, 1836, and soon afterward en- tered 160 acres of land in Ashland Township, Morgan Co. , Ind. , to which he has since added, now owning a well-improved farm of 200 acres. For more than forty-live years, he and wife have been mem- bers of the Missionary Baptist Church; he is also a member of the Emi- nence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M. ; and in politics is a Democrat. The father of Mrs. Samirah Watson, viz., John Bowman, was one of the companions of Daniel Boone in the early settling of Kentuckj'. Andrew J. Watson, the subject of our sketch', received a good common school education in youth, and was employed on the old homestead, in Ashland Township, until he had attained his twenfy-third year. He then taught in this and Owen County during the fall and winter seasons for some sixteen years, being employed at the painter's trade during the summer months. In March, 1883, he engaged in merchandising at Eminence, Ind. , in company with Mr. Joseph 0. Ehea, continuing in the trade one year. He is not at present engaged in any active business. Mr. Watson was married, June 21, 1874, to Miss Lucretia A. Cummings, a native of Morgan County, Ind. Two daughters have blessed their union. Both Mr. Watson and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. He is also member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., P. & A. M., of which lodge he is a Past Master, and has represented the same in the Grand Lodge of the State. In politics, he is a Democrat, and is one of the prominent citizens of Morgan County. ALFRED A. WATSON, blacksmith, was born in what is now Ash- land Township, Morgan Co. , Ind., October 22, 1848, he being the seventh in a family of eleven children born to Simon and Samirah (Bowman) Watson, a sketch of whom will be found elsewhere in this volume. Al- fred A Watson, our subject, received a good common school education in his native county. At the age of twenty-two, he began learning the trade of blacksmithing, serving an apprenticeship of three years. He then opened a shop of his own in Eminence, Morgan Co., Ind., where he is still conducting the business. He was married, December 24, 1869, to Mrs. Jane (Nicholas) McMorries. Six children were born to them, of whom three daughters are still living. Mrs. Watson dying Febru- ary 23, 1881, Mr. Watson next united himself with Mrs. Mary J. (Sum- mers) Sligar November 16, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Watson belong to the Baptist and the Methodist Episcopal Churches respectively. Mr. Watson is a member of the Eminence Lodge, No, 317, 1. O. O. F. In politics, he is a Democrat. He is one of the principal business men of Eminence, Morgan Co., Ind. 326 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. DONALD BAIN, Sr., is a native of Scotland, was born March 17, 1809, and is descended from James and Margaret (Murray) Bain, both natives of Scotland. The grandfather of our subject, John Bain, was a native Scotchman, "who married a Miss Christina Tait, with an issue of four children — William, Robert, Ellen and James. James Bain was born in 1781, and w«s married in Scotland to Margaret Murray, who died in 1814; he subsequently married a second time, and died in Maryland August, 1841. He was father of ten children — Catherine, John, Donald, Chris- tina, William, Robert, Margaret, Ozena, George and James. Donald Bain, March 17, 1839, in Scotland, married Jeannette Davidson, and in the same year emigrated to America and located in the State of Mary- land. In 1843, he moved to this county and State, and here has made a home. Mrs. Bain died October 13, 1863, having borne seven children — James (deceased), John, Esther, Christina, Catherine, Donald and Will- iam. Mr. Bain is a highly regarded citizen. W. G. BAIN was born in this county August 23, 1846, and is a son of John and Bridget (Gallagher) Bain. John Bain was born in County Caithness, Scotland, October 13, 1806; emigrated to America, landing at Halifax, in 1827; came to the United States in 1828, and was for several years contractor for stone work on the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. In 1841, at Hancock, Md., he married, and in 1843 moved to this State; lo- cated near Martinsville, and there continued to remain until his death, September 24, 1872. After he came West, he abandoned his trade of stone-cutter and adopted farming, being the owner at his death of sev- eral hundred acres. After the death of his wife in 1855, he wedded Mrs. Bethsheba Abbott in 1859, who survived him. He was a Christian man, a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, and father of eleven children — James G., William G., Mary C. (deceased), John E., Charles F., Benjamin F., Emma E. (deceased), Emma, Alfred M., Henry and Harvey. Our subject, W. G. Bain, received his education at Rich- mond, this State. In 1867, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff of this county, a,nd afterward acted as clerk at Martinsville. July 29, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Volunteers, from which he was discharged March, 1863, by reason of disability. In 1869, he pur- chased an interest in the Martinsville Flouring Mills, which he relin- quished after about a year, and has since engaged in farming. October 25, 1869, he married Miss Mary E., daughter of William and Susanna Hynds, who died February 11, 1874, the mother of two children— Lillie B. and John E. October 25, 1877, Mr. Bain wedded Laura J., daughter of William W. and Sarah A. Yeager, and born in this county July 18, 1851, which marriage was followed by two children — Maudie E. and Mary E. In 1878, Mr. Bain was elected County Auditor for one term. He is a highly-respected citizen, a member of the A., F. & A. M., the K. of P. and G. A. R. fraternities. WILLIAM BEST was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, February 11, 1814, and is descended from George and Sarah (Kelly) Best, both JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 327 natives of Ireland. The grandfather of our subject, William Best, was ' born, married, and died in Ireland at the age of one hundred and four years, the father of six children. George Best was married in Ireland, and in 1812 emigrated to America; located in Muskingum County, Ohio, whence he removed to Morgan County, Ind., where he and his wife died, the parents of twelve children — Valentine, William, Robert, George, Walter, James, Elizabeth, John, Eichard H., Joseph, Isabelle and Sarah. Our subject, William Best, began work when eighteen years of age in a flouring mill, which he continued for twenty-one years. September 15, 1836, he married Lydia, daughter of Amos and Nancy Longshore, who died July 12, 1844, the mother of four children— Sarah, George, Thomas E. and Josephine (deceased). He subsequently married Ann Bond, a native of New Jersey, who died in 1863, the mother of nine children — Harriet (deceased), James (deceased), Valentine, Charles H. (deceased), William S. (deceased;, Emma E., Lydia N., and two infants deceased. Mr. Best finally married, in 1864, Beulah L. Bond, a sister of his second wife, who gave birth to four children — Martha J., Albert M., Franklin O. and Cora E. DAVID BOTHWELL was born in Ireland June 9, 1815, and is a son of Hugh and Ann J. (Gordon) Bothwell, both natives of Ireland, the former born in 1788, the latter in 1796. They were married and died in Ireland, he in September, 1854, and she eight years later. Their family was Mary, David, Jane, Sarah A., Samuel, John, Elizabeth, Martha, Henry, James, Margaret and two which died in infancy. David Bothwell emigrated to America in 1841, visited Ireland in 1846, returned to this country in 1852, settled in New Orleans, and shortly afterward removed to this county, where, April 8, 1855, he married TJtiss Letitia, daughter of Robert and Jane Wilson, and born in Ireland in 1825, who died Sep- tember 18, 1878, the mother of eight children — Ann J. (deceased), Hugh H., John J., Mary, David, Charles, William and Andrew. Mr. Bothwell is a highly respected citizen. WILLIAM A CUNNINGHAM was born in this county January 13, 1847, and is a son of William N. and Nancy Cunningham. William N. Cunningham was born in Woodford County, Ky., March, 1804, whence he moved to Johnson County, Ind., and afterward to Morgan County, where he married Nancy Lankford. He was twice married, and the father of six children — Eliza, Nancy, Marion, Perlina, Norman T. and William A. Our subject married in Owen County, Ind., November 10, 1867, Mary J., daughter of George and Margaret Dittemore, and born in Owen County January 6, 1850. In 1871, Mr, Cunningham moved to and occupied his present home and farm, which numbers 445 acres of good land. Mr. and Mrs. Cunningham are parents of six chil- dren — Emma J., Laura E., Edward, Benjamin P. and two which died before receiving names. Mr. Cunningham is generally greatly esteemed, and is a hospitable gentleman. CAPT. WILLIAM A. DILLEY was born in Darke County, Ohio, January 7, 1840, and is a son of Arthur M. and Elizabeth (Mclnturf) Dilley, the former born in Ohio, December 27, 1814, the latter in Ten- nessee, July 29, 1816; they were married in Preble County, Ohio, De- cember 27, 1835, and in 1842 moved to and settled in this county. Their family was Sarah J., William A., Martha A., Mary E., John W., LncretiaE., Elmira M., Oliver C, James M. and an infant deceased. William A. Dilley enlisted April 20, 1861, in Company K, Seventh In- 328 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: diana Volunteers; served three months and re-enlisted August 15, 1861, in Company A, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteers. In January, 1863, he was made Orderly Sergeant, and in February, 1864, again re-enlisted. In April, 1864, he married Lucy A., daughter of Stephen L. and Maria A. Dane. In November, 1864, he was promoted First Lieutenant, and March, 1865, Captain of Company A, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteers, and served as such until July 21, 1865. Mr. Dilley saw considerable service; he was wounded in the left ankle at Thompson's Station, March 5, 1863, and was also a prisoner in the famous " Libby " one month. In 1866, he settled on his present farm, which he sold and moved to Wilson County, Kan., but returned and repurchased his farm in 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Dilley have five children — Augustus M. (deceased), Minnie v., E£Se M., Pearl M. and Euby; they are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. THOMAS H. DIXON was born in this county May 4, 1840, and is a son of Thomas and Margaret (Hynds) Dixon, both natives of Ireland. Thomas Dixon is a son of Henry and Sarah Dixon, who married and re- mained in Ireland until their deaths, and were parents of nine children. Thomas Dixon married in Ireland, emigrated to America, and in 1837 moved to this State and settled in this county, where he now resides. Mrs. Dixon died August, 1866, the mother of seven children — Sarah, Mary, Margaret, Thomas H., "William, John and Eobert. Thomas H. Dixon, our subject, married in this county, April 11, 1861, Sarah, daugh- ter of Isaac and Rebecca Kenworthy, and born in Marion County, Ind., May 30, 1844. In August, 1862, Mr. Dixon enlisted in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Volunteers, and served until January, 1865, during which he participated in all the engagements of the company. In 1871, he purchased a saw mill, and engaged in the lumber trade until 1874, when he sold out, removed to Martinsville, and was elected Sheriff of this county, which he held for two terms. In 1881, he moved to his home and farm. Mr. Dixon is a member of the A., F. & A. M., and K. of P. WILLIAM H. DIXON a son of Thomas and Margaret Dixon, is a native of Morgan County; he was born October 18, 1844, and was mar- ried in this county, October 24, 1869, to Eebecca, daughter of William and Mary Brown, and born November 16, 1841. Mrs. Dixon died June 13, 1883. Mr. Dixon is a much esteemed citizen, a practical man, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Dixon are parents of five children, whose names are as follows: Eobert H., John P. , Morgan, Mary, and Lawson J. (^deceased). WILLIAM DOWNEY is a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, and was born April 17, 1843, being a son of John and Mary Downey, also natives of County Tyrone. The grandfather of our subject, James Dow- ney, was a native of and married in Ireland, where he closed his life. John Downey was born June, 1806. After his marriage he emigrated to America in 1857, located in Coshocton County, Ohio, and in 1863 moved to this county. His family consisted of Margaret, James, William, Jan e, Andrew, Eobert, John. Mary, and three which died in infancy. Our subject, William Downey, came with his parents to this county, where, February 2, 1868, he married Eebecca J. , daughter of William and Sinah E. Bragg, and born in this county December 15, 1848— a union which gave being to a family of five— Harriet T., William M., M ary E., Pearl A. and Edna. Mr. Downey is the owner of 248 acres of JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 329 superior land, a comfortable home and valuable property. He is also a, worthy gentleman and a member of the Masonic brotherhood. JAMES M. DUCKWORTH is a native of this county, was born September 10, 1833, and is a son of John and Mary (Gwin) Duckworth, both natives of Virginia. They were married in Kentucky, whence, shortly afterward, they moved to this State, and settled first in Ray Township, and then moved to Martinsville, where they finished their courses of life — ^he, October 17, 1867, and she three years thereafter. Their family comprised Nancy A., "William M., Malinda, Melvina, An- drew J., Mary A., Minerva G. and James M. Our subject married in this county, November 8, 1860, Nancy M., daughter of William and Susanna Hynds, and born in this county February 14, 1842, who died April 15, 1882, the mother of eight children— Ellen M., Mary B. , Ed- ward M., Susanna, Minerva Gr., William H., James M. and John L. After marriage, Mr. Duckworth settled on the farm where he now re.sides, and where he hag spent most of his life. His farm embraces 404 acres of excellent and well-improved land. Mr. Duckworth is a valued citi- zen, and a member of the Presbyterian Church. JAMES R. ELMORE is a son of John and Andalusia Elmore, na- tives of Virginia. The grandfather of our subject, James R. Elmore, was a native of Virginia and a soldier of 1812; he afterward moved ta Muskingum County, Ohio, and there finished his life, the parent of six children. John Elmore was married in Ohio, and in 1861 moved to Clarke County, Ind., where Mrs. Elmore died in 1865. Mr. Elmore is- yet living, the parent of the following family: Levi R., Elizabeth J., John T., George A., Andalusia N. and James R. Our subject, James. E. Elmore, married in Clark County, in 1864, Malvina C, daughter of William and Sarah Sligar, who died in 1871, leaving three children — JohnW., Selby S. and Mary R. In 1872, Mr. Elmore married Mrs. Sarah, widow of Levi Devore, which marriage gave issue to four ehildrea — George A., Jennie J., Levi L (deceased) and Benjamin F. In 1874, Mr. Elmore moved to this county. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. LEWIS T. HANCOCK is a native of Anderson County, Ky., was born May 22, 1825, and is a son of Stephen F. and Martha (Lacey) Han- cock, who, in 1826, moved to Owen County, Ind., and thence, in 1847, to this county, where he remained until his decease, in 1869, aged sev- enty-six. Mrs. Hancock is yet living, at the advanced age of eighty-six. Their family comprised six children — Levi E., John W., Martha A.,. Stephen L., Elizabeth F. and Lewis T. Our subject married, December 24, 1849, Harriet Farley, who died March 17, 1872, having borne seven children — Lorenzo D. (deceased), Nancy A., Sinah R.,' William L. (de- ceased), Thomas F., Mary J. and George A.' After his marriage, Mr. Hancock settled in Ray Township, and later, in 1854, moved to this township, and to the farm which is now his home. November 23, 1874, Mr. Hancock wedded Miss Emeline, daughter of Lewis and Margaret Fonville, and a native of Tennessee, born August 20, 1836. Mr. and Mrs. Hancock are respected members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. W. J. HARRISON is a native of Morgan County, Ind., was born October 5, 1851, and is a son of William R. and Elizabeth J. Harrison,, of Martinsville. In the year 1872, on the 18th of July, subject mar- ried Miss Margaret E. , daughter of Christopher C. and Julia A. Bishop, and born in Guilford County, N. C, S'ebruary 28, 1856. After his. 330 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: marriage, Mr. Harrison settled on the farm which he now cultivates and calls his home — a comfortable and valuable property. Mr. Harri- son is now Township Trustee, and is a member of the ancient brother- hood of Freemasonry. He and wife are parents of three children — Bet- tie J., Maud E. and William K. BEIGE M. HOWELL was born in Hendricks County, Ind., January 7, 1847, and is one of the eight children of Millar and Martha (Deanty) Howell, both natives of North Carolina, the former born in 1808, the latter in 1814. They were married in Chatham County, N. C. ; moved to Hendricks County, Ind., and later to Morgan County, where, he now re- sides. Millar Howell was twice married, and the father of fourteen children — eight by his first, and six by his second wife. Brice M. Howell enlisted, July, 1863, in Company D, One Hundred and Seven- teenth Indiana Volunteers; served six months; re-enlisted June, 1864, in Company E, One Hundred and Thirty- ninth Indiana Eegiment; served 100 days; again enlisted February, 1865, in Company A, Thirty- third Indiana Kegiment, and served until June, 1865. October 3, 1869, he married Isabella, daughter of Robert and Ellen Foster, a native of this county, born June 12, 1852. This union was productive of six children — Martha E. (deceased), Theodosia E., Emma E., Eobert M., William W. and Ethel E. In 1869, Mr. Howell moved to the farm on which he now resides. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. L. C. KENNEDY was born in Hardin County, Ky., August 31, 1804, and is the fourth of the family of Peter and Eachel Kennedy, both na- tives of Pennsylvania. The grandfather of our subject, John Kennedy, was also a Pennsylvanian, and of Irish descent, who removed to Hardin County, Ky., in 1780, where he closed his valued life, having been a soldier of the Revolutionary war; he had been twice married and the father of ten sons. Peter Kennedy was born in 1769. When twelve years of age, he was stolen by the Indians, remained nine years a captive, and escaped and returned to his parents, in Hardin County, Ky. He afterward was engaged as Government spy on the Kentucky frontier; then married Rachel Calvin and settled on a farm, where he passed his life. He was father to seven children — John, James, Nancy, Luke C, Sarah, Charles and Decker. Our subject, Luke C. Kennedy, married, June 20, 1830, in Hardin County, Ky., Miss Jane, daughter of William and Sarah Blackford. In October following, Mr. Kennedy moved to this county, and purchased and settled on the farm where he now lives. In 1850, Mrs. Kennedy died, and in 1855 he married Isabella, daughter of Will- iam and Mary Hindes. Mr. Kennedy is the owner of 220 acres of good land, and is comfortably situated. He is the parent of seven children — Samuel (deceased), John, James, Decker, Mary, William and Daniel P. DANIEL KIRK was born in Shelby County, Ind., October 1, 1828. His parents were William H. and Elizabeth (Depew) Kirk, natives of Kentucky. The grandfather of our subject, Daniel Kirk, was an early settler of Marion County, Ky., where he died, the father of two children— Lydia and William H. The latter was born March 1, 1799. In 1819, he, with his wife, moved to Shelby County, Ind., where Mrs. Kirk died. Mr. Kirk subsequently married Susanna E. Sloan, and in 1838 came to this county, where he died in 1865, the father of sixteen children. Dan- iel Kirk, the subject of this sketch, married, December 7, 1857, Martha E., daughter of Nathan and Matil(ip, Dow, and a native of Clarke County, JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 331 born September 9, 1835. This union" was cemented by thirteen chil- dren — Ellen M., William H. (deceased), Charles H., Harvey A., Mary E., Benjamin E. (deceased), Susan M. (deceased), James E., Daniel P., Nathan F., Benjamin A., Martha J. (deceased) and Maggie E. (deceased). Mr. Kirk is a generally respected citizen. JAMES H. LANKFOED is a native of Morgan County, Ind. , was born November 6, 1850, and is one of the family of William L. and Martha (Kirk) Lankford, natives respectively of Indiana and Kentucky. The grandfather of our subject, Nathan Lankford, was a native of Vir- ginia, where he married, and in an early day moved to this county, where lie remained until death. He was the father of seven children. Will- iam L. Lankford was born August 16, 1828, married Martha Kirk, who was born July, 1880, and died December 5, 1883. They were parents of ten children — Minerva G., James H., Nathan M., William P., Maggie M., Harvey M,, Edward S., Joseph H., John H. and Toney H. James H. Lankford, our subject, married, March 17, 1875, in this county, Mrs. Mary J. Stine, widow of James P. Stine, and daughter of Emanuel and Cynthia Isenhower. Mr. and Mrs. Lankford have a family of two chil- dren — Ida B. and Iva D. (twins). Mr. Lankford is a worthy and much respected citizen. L. B. LEWIS is a native of this county, was born October 2, 1828, and is a son of Gideon and Lewis (Huston) Lewis, the former born in Kentucky in 1794. After marriage, Gideon Lewis settled in this coun- ty, married, and afterward moved to near Martinsville, and in 1836 to a farm in this township, where they remained until their decease, he dy- ing in June, and she in May, 1844, leaving the following family: El- hanan, James, Hunstead, Harriet, Jeannette, Kellis, William H, Ange- line, Sarah and Leander B. In December, 1847, Leander B. Lewis married Julia A., daughter of Benoni and Abigail Pearce, and a native of Chatham County, N. C, born l<'obruary 12, 1823. After his marriage, Mr. Lewis settled in this township, and has a very fine and well- im- proved farm. Mr. and Mr. Lewis are the parents of ten children — Louisa J., William H. , Elizabeth F., Benoni, Gideon, Eath E. (de- ceased), Daniel A., James A. M. (deceased), Ann P. and Grant (deceased). He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. EOBEET MILLEE is a native of Greenbrier County, W. Va. ; was born July 21, 1810, and is descended from John and Jane (Hodge) Mil- ler, both natives of Virginia. They were married in Augusta County, Va., and afterward moved to Greenbrier County, where they ended their lives, having been blessed with the following family: Henry, James, Jane, Ervin B., Mary A., Margaret E., Alexander, William and EolDert. Our subject married in Monroe County, W. Va. , February 13, 1834, Miss Ankey, daughter of James and Elizabeth Alderson, which union was favored with seven children — Alexander, Louisa (deceased), Eobert (de- • ceased), Oliver, John, Martha and Isabelle (deceased). After his mar- riage, Mr. Miller moved to Hancock County, Ind., and in 1836, to this county, where he located on the identical farm on which he now resides. Mr. Miller is a practical farmer and an esteemed gentleman and citizen. W. C. MILLEE was born in Lincoln County, N. C, June 18, 1827, and is a son of Henry and Anna Miller, both natives of North Carolina. Henry Miller was born in North Carolina in 1805, and married in Lin- coln County. In 1830, he moved to Owen County, Ind., and in 1835 to Morgan County, where his wife died in 1858, the mother of fifteen chil- 21 332 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: dren. His second wife was Nancy Eeins, who is the mother of two chil- dren. In 1879, Mr. Miller moved to Missouri, where he remains. Our subject was married, March 31, 1853, to Hannah, daughter of Archibald and Lucinda Taylor, and a native of Hendricks County, Ind. , born May 6, 1836. This union was productive of fourteen children— Henry A., Lucinda, Sarah K, Mary E., Anna E., John E., William J., Luther L., Silas C, Albert E. and four which died in infancy. Mr. Miller is a re- spected citizen. JOHN MOSEE was born in Randolph County, N. C, April 8, 1801, and is a son of John and Mary Moser, natives of North Carolina, and respectively of German and Irish descent The grandfather of our sub- ject, Tobias Moser, was a German, and emigrated hither previous to the Revolutionary war, during which struggle he was a soldier. He settled in North Carolina, and afterward moved to La Fayett«, Ind., where he died, aged one hundred and seven years. He was also a soldier of the war of 1812. His wife died in Orange County, Ind., aged one hundred and eleven years. They had a family of seven. John Moser was mar- ried in North Carolina, moved to Hamilton County, Ohio, in 1812, and one year later to Orange County, Ind., whore he was killed in 1821. After this event Mrs. Moser moved to Owen County, and thence to Morgan County, where she died in 1861. The children of these par- ents were named Rebecca, Margaret, Elizabeth, Mary, Sarah, Kezia, Jane, Tobias, Joseph, Adam, Jacob, Alexander, Jeremiah and John. Our sub- ject, John Moser, married in Owen County, September 13, 1830, Miss Mary, daughter of David and Catherine Lukinbill, a native of Washing- ton County. In 1831, Mr. Moser moved to this county, which has since been his home. He and wife are parents of eight children — Kezia, Da- vid (deceased), Catherine, Julia A. , Mary E. , Margaret, John and Will- iam. JAMES E. MOSIER was born in Lawrence County, Ind., August 16, 1844, and is a son of John and Esther (Burris) Mosier, natives of North Carolina and Ohio respectively, who moved to this county in 1845, where Mr. Mosier died twenty years later. Mrs. Mosier subsequently married Joseph Lain, and still later George Moore. Our subject, James R. Mosier, enlisted August 14, 1862, in Company H, Seventy-ninth In- diana Volunteers, and served until April, 1863, having been shot through the shoulder at the battle of Stone River. September, 1863, he re-en- listed in Company D, One Hundred and Seventeenth Indiana Eegiment, serving six months, and again enlisted March, 1864, in Company K, First Indiana Eegiment, and served until January, 1866. August 28, 1868, he married Mrs. Ann, widow of David Anderson, and daughter of John and Ann Dixon, by which union they had five children — Sarah R. , James E., Hester A., and two infants, deceased. Mr. Mosier is a highly respected citizen. WILLIAM R. NOSLEE was bom in Owen County, Ind., November 9, 1835, and is a son of John and Mary (Pirtle) Nosier, natives respect- ively of Virginia and Kentucky. The grandfather of our subject, Con- rad Nosier, moved to this State in an early day, and finished his days here. He was a soldier of the war of 1812. and father of five children. John Nosier was born January 4, 1806, came to Indiana in 1827, mar ried, and settled near Spencer, where he and wife ended their lives — he in September, 1837, and she in February, 1837; they had three chil- dren — Sarah A., James and William E. Our subject was reared by hi& JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 333 uncle, James L. Pirtle, after his parents' death. In 1850, he moved to Fayette County, Ind.; thence, in 1851, to Connersville, where he learned saddle and harness making, and in 1855 to Rushville, where he pursued his vocation. September 13, 1857, he married Viola, daughter of Na- thaniel and Mary Moore, who died July 13, 1873. In 1858, he moved to Missouri, and in 1861 returned to Rush County, Ind., after which, in 1876, he came to this county, and November 9, 1879, wedded Mrs. Ma- tilda J. Garrison, widow of "William Garrison. Mr. Nobler is the parent ' of sis children — Alethea M. (deceased), Mary A. (deceased), "William E., Sarah A. and two that died in infancy. JOHN EEE"7ES is a native of Mason County, Ky., and was born February 20, 1802, and is a son of James and Sarah (Holton) Eeeves, the former a native of Ireland, and the latter of Maryland. John Eeeves, Sr., emigrated with his parents, Isaac and Margaret Eeeves, to America previous to the Eevolutionary war, and when sixteen years of age entered the army under Gen. Washington, serving the seven years. He then married and settled in Mason County, Ky., where he and wife ended their days. John Eeeves, our subject, is the only child of his father liv- ing. In 1823, he moved to Monroe County, Ind. , and in 1824 to Owen Couuty, where he married, in 1828, Mrs. Eleanor Hayward. In 1829, he removed to this county, where Mrs. Eeeves died in 1861, the mother of eight children — James, Nancy, Abigail, Austin S., Sarah, Samantha, Benjamin and Julia A. In 1863, he married Mrs. Ann Edwards. Mr. Reeves is an excellent gentleman, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church, of which Mr. Eeeves has been an active worker for fifty years. S. R. STILES, Sr, , was born in Orange County, Ind. , October 12, 1830, and is one of the family of "William and Mary (Bragg) Stiles, na- tives re^ectively of Georgia and Tennessee. "William Stiles was born January 22, 1798; was married in Tennessee, thence moved to Washing- ton County, Ind., and thence to this county, where he ended his life in 1872. He and wife were parents of eight children — Sarah, Nancy, John B., Abigail, Jesse, Stakley R., Harriet and Mary A. Our subject, S. E. Stiles, was reared in this county. December 24, 1852, he mar- ried Elizabeth Foster, who died August 24, 1854. He next wedded Louisa Miller, who died in 1858, and in 1859. he married Eleanor Se- crest In 1865, Mr. Stiles enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Indiana Volunteers, in which he served for seven months, and after which he purchased and occupied his present home and farm, comprising 420 acres of desirable and productive land. Mr. Stiles has been the father of four children — Indiana, Ida B.,,Candace, and an in- fant, deceased. He and wife are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 334 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: ASHLAND TOWNSHIP. DR. A. P. W. BRIDGES, a leading young physician and surgeon of the township, was born September 27, 1856, in Clay County, Ind., and is the fourth of the six children born to Moses C. and Sophia J. (Doyle) Bridges, natives of "Wayne County, Ind., and of North Carolina, and of English extraction. A. f . W. Bridges moved with his parents to Clover- dale, Putnam County, Ind. , when he was eight years old, and there he grew to manhood. Mr. Bridges, Sr., owned a drug store, and our sub- ject entered it when he was ten years old. He remained there for about nine years. He had a liking for the study of medicine, and, having an opportunity of cultivating this talent, he attended one term of lectures at the Indiana Medical College, and some time at the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons. Dr. Bridges located finally at Jordan, Owen County, Ind., remaining there about three years. He then went to Cloverdale for one year, and lived a short time iu Quincy. In February, 1882, he came to Alaska, where he now resides, and is endeavoring to insure suc- cess in his profession by every means in his power. Dr. Bridges was married, March 25, 1883, to Emma F. Alverson, a native of Owen County, Ind. They have one child — Ralph, born December 30, 1883. Dr. Bridges and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a firm Democrat. The Doctor superintends the Methodist Episcopal Sun- day school. Mrs. Emma Bridges is the daughter of James and Louisa (Bartlett) Alverson, natives of Indiana. WILLIAM BURKHART, farmer and stock-raiser, was born October 1, 1845, in Morgan County, Ind., and is the fourth of the ten childi'en born to Ambrose and Ann (Bragg) Burkhart, the former a native of In. diana, the latter of Tennessee. William grew to manhood on a farm, receiving the rudiments of a common school education. His father was ' reared in Monroe County. William enlisted, on August 25, 1861, in Company H, Thirty-third Indiana Infantry, remaining in the service until the close of the war. At the engagement of Thompson's Station, he was taken prisoner, and confined in Libby Prison twelve days,, then paroled. At the battle of Resaca, he was struck five times with bullets. He was in almost a continuous fight from Resaca to Peach Tree Creek, and was with Sherman's famous " march to the sea." He was discharged at Indianapolis, Ind. , on August 5, 1865, holding the rank of Sergeant. He was married, November 18, 1868, to Mary A. Ratts (deceased), who left him two children, viz., William H., born September 9, 1869; Mary A. (deceased), born August 13, 1873. He was next married to Sarah J. Shuler, on September 27. 1874. Two children have been born to them — Norman E., born September 6, 1876; Robert O., born September 13, 1878. Mrs. Burkhart is the daughter of Charlton and Phebe (Warthen) Shuler, natives of Virginia aud Indiana, and of German and Irish extraction re- spectively. Mr. Burkhart and wife are consistent members of the Chris- tian Church. He owns 140 acres of land, very fairly improved. In poli- tics, he is a wide-awake Republican. BENJAMIN O. BUTTERFIELD, a wide-awake farmer, carpenter and millwright, of Ashland Township, was born August 17, 1835, in Owen ASHLAND TOWNSHIP. 335 County, Ind., and was the fifth of fourteen children born to Velorus and Clarissa (Badgeley) Butterfield, natives of New York and Virginia, and of English descent. They settled in Owen County very early, and built a water mill, and, selling this, they finally moved to Morgan County, and now reside here. Benjamin O. Butterfield lived upon the farm until his sixteenth year, when he learned the trade of millwright, and followed it for several years. He also worked at that for five years in Iowa, after which he returned home and purchased a farm. He and his brother bought a mill near the town of Centerton, in this county. They moved this to the town, and ran it for several years, when it was sold. Mr. Butterfield then purchased the farm which he now owns, and which con- sists of 139 acres, abundantly supplied with spring water, and well-culti- vated. On September 22, 1859, Mr. Butterfield was married to Sylvania Moser. Three children were born to them— Clarissa E. , born November 7, 1860; AlfarataB., November 17, 1862; and Georgie A., December 6, 1864, died November 6, 1865. The mother died on December 24, 1865. On February 3, 1867, Mr. Butterfield married Samantha E. (Hedrick) Beeves. They had three children — Benjamin O., born November 27, 1867; LeotaM, May 8, 1869; and Oliver P., December 24, 1870. Mrs. Butterfield was born February 20, 1839, and died September 25, 1872. Mr. Butterfield was next married to Mrs. Louzann (Brown) White, on February 14, 1876. She died June ^, 1880. Leota M., his daughter, keeps house for him. His wives all belonged to the Christian Church, of which he is also a meiuber. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is very public spirited. He is a Republican, and is noted for his generosity. W. T. COLWELL, farmer and stock-raiser, was born October 29, 1861, in Morgan County, Ind,, and is the fifth of the eight children born to Philip and Carrie (Stierwalt) Colwell, natives of Ireland and of In- diana, and of Irish and German descent, respectively. They were early settlers in the county, and reared their son, W. T., on a farm, sending him to the common schools, and giving him as a start in life forty acres of land. Philip Colwell owned over 600 acres at his death. He and his wife are both deceased. Our subject deals some in stock buying and selling. He is an active Democrat, is very energetic, and, with his pres- ent start in life, will succeed. MARTIN L. MARSH, farmer and stock-raiser of Ashland Township, was born in Morgan County, Ind., February 22, 1836, and is the eighth of nine children born to Cyrus J. and Elizabeth (Shults) Marsh, natives of Virginia and North Carolina; and of English and German descent. Cyrus J. came to Washington County, Ind., in 1817, soon married, and there remained for sixteen years. He then moved to Jackson County, Ind., remained two years, and in 1835 moved to Morgan County, where he lived until his death. He owned 240 acres of land. Martin L. was reared a farmer, and received a very poor education. Two of his broth- ers, Daniel and Fielding, were in the Mexican war. He enlisted in the last war, but was not enabled to reach the battle-field. On January 29, 1857, he was married to Lucinda J. Sandy, of Morgan County, Ind. They have had six children — Newton M. , Lavena K. (deceased), Henry E., Ella B., Nettie and Eldon F. He and wife are members of the Christian Church. He is a Mason, and was Secretary of the Grange for four years, when that body was in operation in his locality. He was As- sessor of his township for one term. He has a farm of 120 acres, em- bellished with many of the modern improvements. For some time Mr. 336 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Marsh followed carpentering. He is a lover of education, and has en- deavored to instill the same into the minds of his children. For the last year and a half, he has, in addition to farming, been selling pianos and organs. ANANIAS MICHAEL, farmer and stock-raiser, was born March 22, 1830, in Augusta County, Va., and is the eldest of ten children born to Jonathan and Susan (Huffer) Michael, Virginians, of German descent. Ananias came with his parents, in the fall of 1834, to Clinton County, Ind. , and they remained here until 1849, when he moved to Putnam County, where the old people remained until their death. Ananias set- tled in Morgan County, Ind., in the fall of 1853. From his father's es- tate he received about 11, 200, and has a nice farm of 158 acres, beauti- fully situated and supplied with many of the modern improvements. When he first settled here, roads were scarce, and there were but a few houses scattered around for a considerable distance, the principal feature being vast forests. Mr. Michael was united in marriage, on December 29, 1852, to Lucinda Stanton, a native of Putnam County, Ind. They have had six children — Mary A., Jonathan, Sarah A., Susan A., Ida B., and Minnie M. (deceased). Mrs. Michael is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the Grange, and is a very liberal citizen. Mr. Michael voted first for President Taylor, and since that has been a Democrat. Mrs. Lucinda Michael is a daughter of George W. and Sarah (Hood) Stanton, natives of Tennessee and of Virginia re- spectively. JOHN C. MILLER, farmer and stock-raiser of this township, was born February 1, 1846, in Morgan County, Ind., and is the fifth of the seven children born to Robert and Auka (Alderson) Miller, natives of West Virginia, and of Irish and English extraction respectively. John C. was reared upon a farm, and received a rudimentary education. He remained at his parents' home until he was twenty-three years of age, but since his eighteenth year has been, doing for himself. He takes great pride in raising fine horses. One, a fine animal, " Shaker Boy," paced a mile in two minutes and twenty seconds, and Mr. Miller sold this horse for $1,200. He has raised many other fine horses. Mr. Miller married, on November 15, 1866, Delilah C. Whitaker, a native of Morgan County, Ind. Four children have crowned this union^ Charles G. , bom January 2,' 1868; James R. , January 14, 1870; Margaret I., born December 27, 1875, and Homer A., September 19, 1879. His wife is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Mr. Miller received $1,700 from his wife, as a start in life. For several years he followed the business of buying and shipping stock. He is now farming on a place of 240 acres, pleas- antly situated, and having the advantages of all the modern improve- ments. He is a Democrat. He gives liberally to all benevolent institu- tions, which tend to promote the welfare of the human family. Mrs. Miller is a daughter of Grafton and Margaret (Gregg) Whitaker, na- tives of Shelby County, Ky., and respectively of Welsh and Irish de- scent They were early settlers in this county, and remained here until their death. Mr. Miller is giving his children the best of advantages for an education. His son, Charles G., is at present attending Asbury University, and is progressing rapidly in his studies. CALEB A. PRITCHARD, a teacher in this township, was bom on February 9, 1862, in Putnam County, Ind. , and is the eldest of three children born to Greenbury and Margaret J. (Buis) Pritchard, both na- ASHLAND TOWNSHIP. 337 • tives of this State, and of English and German extraction respectively. ' The father was born in Owen County, and his father moved to Morgan Connty in an early day. Greenbury, the father of our subject, moved to Illinois in the year 1862, and in the fall of 1864 he enlisted in Com- pany F, Eleventh Illinois Infantry, remaining in the service until the close of the war. He took part in the engagements of Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort, which lasted fourteen days and nights; also in numerous skirmishes. He received his discharge at Baton Rouge, La. The sub- ject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received a good education. He attended three terms at the Central Normal School at Danville, Ind., and two terms at the State University at Bloomington, Ind. He began teaching at the age of fifteen, and has taught seven terms very success- fully. Mr. Pritchard has not reallj' decided what profession he will fol- low, other than that in which he is engaged. He has a fine collection of books on miscellaneous subjects. In politics, he is an energetic, stanch Democrat. * JOHN W. SHIELDS, an enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of this township, was bom November 20, 1853, in Hendricks County, Ind. , and is the second of nine children born to Harrison and Sarah A. (Johnson) Shields, both natives of North Carolina, and of English extraction. They came to Morgan County about the year 1864, and are still living here. Our subject was reared a farmer, and received a good common school education. He attended one term at the State Normal School, Terre Haute, after which he taught two terms with success. The profession of a teacher was his chosen one, but he was compelled to retire from it on account of failing health. January 21, 1877, he was married to Mrs. Mary J. (Whitaker) Edwards, from which union two children have re- sulted, viz., Homer (deceased), Cora M. (born September 6, 1879). Mr. Shields is a member of the Christian, his wife of the Missionary Baptist Church. He is a stanch Kepublican. Mrs. Shields is the owner of a fine farm of 100 acres, well improved, and under a high state of culti- vation. MICHAEL STIERWALT, Sb., an enterprising farmer and stock- raiser of Ashland Township, this county, was born on December 3, 1821, in Washington County, Ind. , and is the eldest of eleven children born to John and Elizabeth (Sandy) Stierwalt, both natives of North Carolina, and of German extraction. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood a farmer, and attended subscription schools about three months of each winter, during his youth, thus acquiring a common school education. For a start in life he received about $1,500, with which he purchased land. He finally sold out and came to Morgan County, locating, in 1851, in Jefferson Township, remaining four years, at the end of that time coming to this township, where he has resided since. He owns a fine farm of 300 acres, well-improved. On December 11, 1842, he was mar- ried to Adaline Guy, a native of North Carolina. Eight children have been born to them, viz. : Elizabeth (Shake), John M. , Martha (Schrim- sher), Keziah (Hodges), Elsie C. (Shake), William^M., Michael A., and Mary A. (Knoy). Mr. and Mrs. Stierwalt are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. He is an active member of the Grange, and cast his first vote for President for James K.. Polk, being a Democrat. In 1 860, he was feleoted Assessor of this township, having been twice re-elected since. In the fall of 1876, he was elected Township Trustee, re-elected in 1878, again re-elected in the spring of 1882, and is at present serving 838 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: in that capacity. Mr. Stierwalt is a public-spirited citizen, an industri- ous, well-to-do farmer, and a genial gentleman. . MICHAEL A. STIERWALT, was born on March 6, Jo57, in Mor- gan Couiity, Ind., and is the seventh child of Michael and Adeline (Guy) Stierwalt, natives of Indiana and North Carolina respectively, and of German descent. Our subject was reared on a farm, received a common school education, and is at present making his home with his parents. In 1875, he had the misfortune of losing his left arm, by the bursting of a gun. On December 16, 1880, he was married to Joanna Pritchard, a native of Illinois. Two children have been born to this union, viz. : Cornie E., born October 11, 1881; Eddie L., July 11, 1883. Mr. Stier- walt is a consistent member of the Missionary Baptist Church. In politics, he is a stanch, wide-awake Democrat. JOHN F. STIERWALT, an enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of this township, was born on August 12, 1833, in Owen County, Ind, and is the sixth of' eleven children born to John and Elizabeth (Sandy) Stier- walt, both natives of North Carolina, and of German extraction. Our subject was brought up on a farm near Gosport, Ind., and received a limited education. He" spent the most of his early youth'in rolling logs, picking brush, and helping to clear land for a farm. As a start in life, he received about $1,500, and now owns a farm of 164 acres of good land, well-improved. In 1854, he came to this county, and has resided here ever since. On April 11, 1861, he was married to Milcha A. Shake, a native of this county. Nine children have been born to them, viz.: Eli F. (deceased), born November 27, 1862; Levi A., bom February 28, 1864; Martha E., born November 26, 1866; Michael a, born March 1, 1869; Robert W. (deceased), born October 7, 1871; William T., bom August 15, 1874; Rosy E., born February 24, 1877; Mary A., born July 6, 1879; Miranda C, born October 7, 1881. He and his wife are mem bers of the Missionary Baptisl. Church. Mr. Stierwalt is a stanch Demo- crat, and at one time took an active part in the Grange movement. He cast his first vote for President for James Buchanan. He is a liberal giver to benevolent and charitable institutions and movements, is a public-spirited citizen, and much respected by his associates and ac- quaintances. THOMAS S. STIRWALT, farmer and stock-raiser, was bom De- cember 11, 1835, in Morgan County, Ind., and is the third child of Adam and Lucy (Sandy) Stirwalt, natives of North Carolina, and of German extraction. Adam Stirwalt was a very early settler here, and made him- self a farm from the forests. Thomas S. was reared on this farm, re- ceiving but little education. At his twenty -fourth year, he received eighty acres from his father, and by energy has increased this to 240 acres, and added to it all the modern improvements. On October 19, 1859, Mr. Stirwalt was married to Lucinda C; Mannan,who was born in this county October 10, 1841. Six children have been born to them — Sims H. and La Fayette (both deceased), Cornelius R. (deceased), Benja- min F. (deceased), Eli E., born December 11, 1865, and Sarah C., Janu- ary 10, 1871. The parents belong to the Missionary Baptist Church. Mra Stirwalt is a daughter of William R. and Rebecca (Chambers) Man- ' nan, natives of Indiana, and of German extraction. He is a liberal citizen, and cast his first vote for Douglas. He is firmly stranded on Democratic rocks, is a most worthy gentleman, and in whatever position he is placed, he will succeed well. ASHLAND TOWNSHIP. 339 EVAN E. TWOMEY, farmer and stock- grower, was born in Eowan. County, N. C, March 14, 1817, and is the third in a family of fourteen children botn to William B. and Nancy (Wayman) Twomey, of Irish and English extraction respectively. When only three years of age, the sub- ject of our sketch removed with his parents from his native State to East Tennessee. There the family remained some thirteen years, and there our subject received the rudiments of an English education. In after years, however, he acquired by his own exertions a good practical busi- ness education. At a very early age, he leara^d the wagon-maker's trade, and afterward learned the ship-carpenter's trade^ which he followed for many years. In 1834, he removed to New Albany, Ind. , where he started a ship-yard, and also owned and operated a saw-mill and foundry. Still later, he added steamboating to his other business, which he followed for a number of years on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, owning several valuable boats. Soon after the war, however, he met with severe finan- cial reverses; but, nothing daunted, in the fall of 1868 ho came to Mor- gan County, Ind. , and commenced with a stout heart and willing hands to rebuild his shattered fortunes. Here, by industry and economy, he has again amassed a handsome property, now owning a well-improved farm in Ashland Township of 160 acres, upon which he still resides, as well as other valuable property. August 26, 1886, he was united in mar- riage with Miss Mary E. MoKinley, a native of Kentucky, and of Irish descent. Thirteen children were the fruit of this union, six of whom, two sons and four daughters, are yet living. Botb Mr. Twomey and wife are members of the church, he of the Christian and she of the Missionary Baptist. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the Masonic fraternity. He cast his first vote for William H. Harrison, but is now identified with the Democratic party. ■ THOMAS S. VOSHELL, farmer and stock-raiser, of Ashland Town- ship, was born on January 14, 1854, in Morgan County, and is the fourth of the six children born to Daniel H. and Delilah (Goss) (Sandy) Voshell, natives of Morgan County, Ind. , and residents of Ray Township. Thomas' grandfather, William Voshell, was one of the first settlers of this county. Thomas S. was reared a farmer, but was well educated, and attended an academy in Henry County, Ind., and also eighteen months at the Bedford College, in Lawrence County, Ind. He has also taught two terms of school with success. He and his sister, Mrs. Mary A. McGinnis, of Knox County, Ind., are all that are left of his father's family. On January 1, 1879, Mr. Voshell was married to Rebecca E. Knoy, a native of this county, who was bom July 27, 1854. Two children have been given them — ^Daniel J., born December 29, 1879, and died June 18, 1880, and Mary D., born January 30, 1881. He , is a member of the Baptist and his wife of the Christian Church. He is an active member of the Grange. He is a Democrat. Mr. Voshell received from his father about $400, and his wife was presented with an eighty-acre farm by her parents. He has added fifteen acres to this farm. Mrs. Voshell is a daughter of Solomon and Mary (Ratts) Knoy, natives of North (Carolina and Indiana, and of German extraction. Mr. Voshell is a shrewd and industrious business man, and from present appearances will make a success in life. He is now agent for the New Home Sewing Machine in this township. PRESTON D. WAKELAND, an enterprising farmer and stock -raiser of this township, was born August 23, 1830, in Butler County, Ohio, and is the third of the six children born to Turner R. and Nianetia (Arthur) Wakeland, Kentuckians, of Irish and Scotch-Irish extraction. Preston 340 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: D.'s parents brought him to Marion County, Ind., in his fourth year, and here he attained manhood on the farm, and received the rudi- ments of an education. In 1856, he came to Morgan County, and has remained here ever since. He enlisted, in the fall of 1862, in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Infantry. He was in the following battles: Eesaca, Kenesaw Mountain, and in the sieges of Atlanta, Bentonville and Averyboro, besides other battles and numerous skir- mishes. He was discharged at Indianapolis in the spring of 1865. He also accompanied Sherman on his "march to the sea." Mr. Wakeland ■was married, on October 16, 1853, to Sarah P. Hawkins, a native of In- diana. They have had seven children — one deceased (unnamed), Ed- wilda J. (deceased). Turner R., Clytus C, Eliza J., John J. and Charley A. Mrs. Wakeland is a member of the Christain Church, and he is a member of the G. A. R. He has a farm of ninety-eight acres, well im- proved, and is a liberal giver to all charitable institutions. He is a Re- publican. He has been acting as Deputy Sheriff, more or less, for the past eight years. BLUFORD CLARK WATSON, a farmer and stock-raiser of Ash- land Township, was born July 29, 1852, in Morgan County, and is the ninth of eleven children born to Simon and Samirah (Bowman) Watson, the former a native of North Carolina, and the latter of Kentucky. Our subject was reared a farmer, but received a good education from the pub- lic schools. At the age of twenty years, he commenced teaching school, and has taught, with the exception of one winter, ever since with good success. On February 3, 1876, he was married to Sarah A. Michael, a native of Morgan County, born August 9, 1857. Three children have been born to them — Minnie B., born September 22, 1877; Maud E., born May 17, 1880; and Ivy C, born September 29, 1882. Mr. Watson is a member of the Masonic fraternity at Eminence, this county. In politics, he is a stanch Democrat. He owns a fine little farm of 110 acres, acquired through his own thrift and industry. Mr. Watson is a genial, whole- souled gentleman, and very much respected by his associates and ac- quaintances. LEVI B. WHITAKER, an enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of Ashland Township, was born March 1, 1828, in the western part of this county, near Owen, and is one of the eleven children born to Grafton and Margaret (Gregg) Whitaker, Kentuckians, of English descent. Grafton Whitaker came to this county in 1826, and at his death owned 680 acres of land. He was Colonel of the militia in the county soon after his arrival. He died July 19, 1862. Levi B. Whitaker grew to maturity on a farm, receiving a rudimentary education. As the schools were poor, he studied at home by the light of the fire — they had no lamps then.' He remained with his father until his twenty-fifth year, when his father gave him 200 acres of land in the woods, and he began to make him a home. Mr. Whitaker now owns 540 acres in this coiinty, pretty well- improved, and made it by his industry. On January 21, 1869, Mr. Whitaker was married to Susan C. RobertsoQ, a native of Owen County, Ind., and a daughter of Thomas and Delilah (Asher) Robertson, natives of East Tennessee and Kentucky, and of Irish and English extraction. Mr. Whitaker is a member of the Missionary Baptist and his wife of the Presbyterian Church. He is a Democrat, and was elected Trustee of Ashland Township in the spring of 1874, holding the position one term. Mr. Whitaker is a liberal giver to all charitable institutions, and by his kind and sympathetic nature has won for himself many friends. ASHLAND TOWNSHIP. 341 DAVID L. WHITAKER (deceased) was born August 30, 1830, in Morgan County, Ind., and died January 3, 1872, and was one of the eleven children born to Crraf ton and Margaret (Gregg) Whitaker, na- tives of Kentucky, and of English extraction, and early settlers of this county. David L. was reared oq a farm, and received the rudiments of an education. He remained at home until his twenty-eighth year, when he went to work for himself. On November 18, 1858, Mr. Whitaker married Mary J. Edwards, a native of Owen County, lud., and born February 9, 1841. Two children were born to this couple — John S., born on December 5, 1859; and Melinda B., on April 14, 1863. Mr. Whitaker was an active member of the Missionary Baptist Church. He had received 100 acres of land from his father, and at his death owned 334 acres, which has since been divided between the two children ajid his widow. The children each received 117 acres, and Mrs. Whitaker 100 acres; each also received an equal portion of $3,300, Mr. Whitaker was a devout Christian gentleman, and very liberal in all his dealings. He was a. stanch Democrat, and at one time acted as Assessor of Bay Town- ship. Mrs. Whitaker is a daughter of William and Lucinda (Asher) Edwards, natives of Indiana. JOHN S. WHITAKER, farmer and stock-raiser of this township, was born December 5, 1859, in Morgan County, Ind., and is the eldest of the two children born to David L. and Mary J. (Edwards) Whitaker, natives of Morgan and Owen Counties, Ind., and respectively of English and German descent. John S. was reared upon a farm, but received a good education, graduating from the Spencer High School, and attend- ing two years at the State University at Bloomington, Ind., where he acquitted himself with honor. He has followed farming since his return home. November 14, 1882, he was married to Alice Voshell, a native of this county. He and his wife belong to the Missionary Baptist Church. Mr. Whitaker belongs to the following: The Sigma-Chi frater- nity at Bloomington, Ind., and the Masonic fraternity at Eminence, Ind. He is a wide-awake Democrat, and in the spring of 1882 was elected As- sessor of Ashland Township, an office which he holds four years. He re- ceived from his father's estate 117 acres of good land, takes great pride in raising good stock, and is an excellent business manager. Mrs. Whitaker is a daughter of Levi J. and Sarah A. (Mannan) Voshell, na- tives or Indiana. JOHN WINGLER, farmer and stock-raiser of this township, and also a manufacturer of brick, was born March 5, 1842, in this county, and is the youngest of four children born to John and Eva (Knoy) Wingler, both deceased, natives of Indiana and North Carolina, and of German extraction. John was reared a farmer, being poorly educated. When he was quite young, his parents died, and he lived with his grandfather, George Knoy, until his twentieth year. At that time he enlisted in Company H, Seventy-ninth Indiana Infantry, August 20, 1862, and re- mained in the service until September, 1863, wheu he was discharged on account of disability. He was engaged in numerous skirmishes, and on his return home he engaged in farming. In the year 1873, he began manufacturing brick, and has since that time burned about 12,000,000. Mr. Wingler married, November 2, 1865, Milkey Costin, of this county. They have had six children — Lewis F., Ella F., Katy E., Jesse E. and two infants unnamed. He belongs to the I. O. O. F. , and his wife to he Christian Church. He is a Democrat. He is industrious, and is ow cultivating a nice farm of forty acres, which is well improved. 342 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: GREGG TOWNSHIP. GEOEGE RILEY BRIANT was born in Clay Township, this coun- ty, August 17, 1843, being a son of John S. and Rachel (Burris) Briaat, who came at an early day to this' State, married, and reared nine sons and one daughter. George R. Briant, after working on the farm and going to school, enlisted August 12, 1 861, in Company A, Thirty- third Indiana Volunteer Regiment, and served actively for three and a half years; he experienced many hard battles, and May 25, 1865, had his left arm shot off at the sh(julder, which led to his discharge in February, 1865. He was previously taken prisoner at Thompson's Station, and held thirty-three days in Libby Prison, and afterward, in February, 1864, became a veteran. After the war he engaged in farming, and in 1879 commenced the photographic business at Wilbur, in which he is now engaged. While on veteran furlough, April 26, 1864, he married Emily S. , daughter of W. Gordon (deceased), which union gave issue to seven children — Franklin Sherman, Bennie Ellsworth, Lodema Ellen, Naomi E. (deceased), Viola Eldora, Letitia Evaline and Dudley Erech. In 1878, Mr. Briant came into this township, and has for some years re- sided at Wilbur. He was Township Assessor from 1876 to 1878, and has served eight years as Constable. He is owner of 120 acres in Jeffer- son, and of 12^ acres in this township. Mr. Briant is an active Repub- lican, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. RICE EVANS BROWN was born in Oldham County, Ky., January 27, 1819, and is a son of William and Elizabeth (Wilson) Brown, na- tives of Virginia, whero they married in 1796. Mr. Brown came to In- diana in 1834, after living in Kentucky for some years, where Mrs. Brown closed her life in 1829, aged fifty-two years. He afterward mar- ried Elizabeth Phillips, and died in 1854, aged eighty years, in this township. Rice Evans Brown was reared on the farm, and received the rudiments of education from the subscription schools. September 7, 1837, he married Ann C, daughter of Bright and Elizabeth Pruitt, by which union were born to them ten children — William B., Andrew C, Emily S., James M., Sarah E., Amos (deceased), Alvin H., AlmiraJ., Mary M. (deceased) and Ida May. Mrs. Brown departed this life Au- gust 5, 1883, aged sixty-two years, a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Brown owns and cultivates 160 acres, of which Mrs. Brown inherited eighty from her father. Three of their sons — William B., Andrew C. and James M. — were soldiers in the late war. Mr. Brown is a pillar of the Christian Church, and a respected citizen. JAMES HENRY BROWN was born in this township September 15, 1842, and is a son of Oliver H and Betsey (Carter) Brown, natives of Kentucky, whose parents moved to Indianain the early time, and located in Morgan County, where the parents of our subject were married. James Henry is the eldest of this family, and assisted his father on the homestead farm. September 16, 1861, he enlisted in Company E, Thir- ty-third Indiana Volunteer Regiment, served three years, and in Febru- ary, 1864, became a veteran. He took part in the battles of Wild Oat, GREGG TOWNSHIP. 343 Besaca, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, the historic " Sherman's march," and during his service was promoted from Corporal to Captain of his com- pany, as -which he left tbe army. After his return, he pursued farming for some years, and in February, 1871, engaged in mercantile business at Hall, which enterprise he has successfully continued. While at home on furlough, April 17, 1864, he married Miss Bmeline, daughter of Michael Praitt, to which union have been bom six children — Leroy N. (deceased), Oraola, Josephine (deceased), Tna Bell, Daisy D. and Ralph Edwin. In 1866, Mr. Brown was elected Township Trustee, and has been Postmaster at Hall since 1876. He is a stanch Republican and a Master Mason, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. BENJAMIN CORNWELL was born in Oldham County, Ky., Decem- ber 8, 1844, and is the eldest of the five children of John and Minerva (Williams) Comwell, natives of Kentucky, who located in Washington County, Ind., where our subject grew to manhood and obtained the com- mon education the schools afforded. During boyhood, Benjamin learned the blacksmith trade, at which he labored until August, 1861, when he enlisted in Company K, Fifty-third Indiana Volunteers, and served actively at Vicksburg, Black River, Bolivar, Jackson, 8hiloh and on other fields; received an honorable discharge in 1864, aod afterward engaged at farming for one year; then resumed blacksmithing, at which he has since continued. November 16, 1865, he wedded Vernilla Ludlow, of this county, and they have become parents to five children, three of whom are living — John Milton, Altha and Levada. Mr. Cornwell is an excellent man and a patriotic citizen. Lite all the soldiers, glory nestles around him and shows him worthy of confidence and support. He is an esteemed citizen, and Mrs. C. is a member of the Christian Church. JAMILS COX was born in Dayton, Ohio, August 8, 1823, and is a son of John W. and Nancy (Swisher) Cox, natives of Pennsylvania, who came to this State in 1824, and settled in this county, about three miles from Martinsville; they reared a family of five — two sons and three daughters. James Cox, after reaching manhood, in conjunction with G. W. clapper, purchased his father's interest in a mill, and managed the same until 1868, when Mr. Clapper retired, and he conducted the same alone. In 1846, he married Sarah Rogers, a union cemented by six children — John W., William (deceased), Mattie, Emma, Sarah (deceased), and Aquilla B. ; Mrs. Cox died in December, 1863, a memlaer of the Christian Church. May 5, 1864, Mr. Cox wedded Elizabeth J. Hoyt, and to this marriage were bestowed three children — Edgar G. , Hattie and Minnie Bell. In 1868, his mill at High Rock having burned, Mr. Cox moved to Martinsville, and in company with another, erected a steam flouring mill, which was continued nine years. In November, 1882, he removed to Hall, and purchased a half interest in the steam saw and flouring mill, to which he has since devoted his time and energy. Mr. Cox is an esteemed and worthy citizen, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. REV. JESSE BROOKS JOHNSON was born in this county, January 20, 1837, and is a son of Brooks S. and Anna B. (Green) Johnson, natives of North Carolina, who came to this section about 1835, and settled in Adams Township, where Mrs. Johnson ended her life in 1858; Mr. John- son is still living, aged eighty-five years. Rev. Mr. Johnson was reared at home, and is the youngest son of eight children. He early acquired a good education, and afterward taught for some time, instructing in 344 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: penmanship for five years. He grew up in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and being gifted as a speaker, naturally leaned toward the ministry; he afterward, however, affiliated with the Christian Church in 1867, and was ordained Elder in 1870. in which denomination he has continued to preach efficiently. October 20, 1859, he married Mary E., daughter of Allen R. Seatou, and to this union have been bestowed six children — Lieusely, Charles S. , Melvin A., Carrie, Ernest F. and Oliver. The mother of this family came to her death March 29, 1882, aged forty-three years, a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Johnson removed to his farm in 1871, comprising 107 acres; but he has never neglected the service of God and the welfare of his fellow-man. Dur- ing 1883, he was pastor of Mount Pleasant Church at Hall. He is a noted temperance orator and Sabbath school worker, an upright man, a persuasive preacher, and belongs to the Masonic fraternity. HOWARD C. JONES, M. D., was born in Hendricks County, Ind., May 4, 1853, and is the only child of William W. and Mary Ann (Poe) Jones, both natives of Kentucky, but married in this State. Dr. Jones was reared at home, in Clayton, and afterward worked three years in a woolen factory, but attended the common schools a due time. After pre- paring himself, he entered, in 1874, the College of Physicians and Sur- geons at Indianapolis, from which he graduated in 1877, as Doctor of Medicine. His first experience was at Pittsboro, whence he removed to Marion County, and became physician to the Marion County Asylum. December 23, 1877, he married at Clayton, Julia A., daughter of Robert S. and Elizabeth Pearson, to which union were bestowed three children — Rilus, Pearl (deceased) and Irwin. Two months succeeding his marriage, he moved to Hall, in this county, and began the practice of his profes- sion, taking rank immediately as a practitioner. He is an old-school regular physician, and enjoys the confidence of his fellow-citizens, having graduated No. 1 in a class of thirty-four. Dr. Jones is a Republican and an esteemed citizen. WILLIAM KIRK is a native of Shelby County, Ind., having been born February 7, 1830, and his parents having been William H. and Elizabeth (Depew) Kirk, both of whom were natives of Kentucky, who came to this State in the early days, and in 1838 to this county. They were blessed with five sons and four daughters. Our subject was reared at home and on a farm, obtained some rudimental education from the common schools, and began life for himself when twenty-two years of age. In 1851, he married, in this county, Mary E , daughter of Nathan Dow, and to them were bestowed five children— Nathan H (deceased), David B., Daniel R., Martha Alice, and Nancy Elizabeth. Mr. Kirk is owner of 217 acres of good farming land in two tracts, both in this town- ship, and most of which is in fair improvement and cultivation. Out of this property, he received but sparse assistance from his father's estate. Mr. Kirk is a practical farmer, a successful man in business, a Republican in politics, and he and his wife are strict members of the Christian Church. SmTH LABERTEW, farmer, is a native of Owen County, Ind.; was born September 25, 1841, his parents being Joseph and Mary Ann (Hart) Labertew, natives of Ohio, who came to Indiana in an early day and settled near Gosport, where Joseph Labertew died in 1846. Mrs. Labertew is still living, and is about eighty years of age. Smith worked on the farm and attended school as a boy, receiving a mediocre education. GREGG TOWNSHIP. 345 September, 1861, 'he enlisted in the Thirty-third Indiana Eegiment, be- came a veteran, and served in all nearly -four years. He was detailed for hospital duty in 1863, and continued therein until the end. March 18, 1865, he was captured at Blackwater, S. 0., and held eight days. Soon after, he was sent to Tennessee from Resaca with wounded men, and re- turned to hospital duty at Resaca. November 22, 1866, he married Asenath Lewallen, from which union has resulted one child — Carl A. Mr. Labertew came to this township in 1870, settled where he now li ves on 120 acres of well-improved land, the earning of his own industry and care. Mr. Labertew is a Master Mason; in politics a Republican, and, in company with his wife, a member of the Christian Church. ROBERT W. McNAUGHT is a native of Morgan County, Ind., was- born November 28, 1837, and is the youngest son of Robert W. and Martha McNaught; the former a native of Scotland, the latter of Penn- sylvania, who removed to this State and settled in Owen County, and still later in this county, where they finished their lives — Mr. McNaught in December, 1847, aged forty-eight, and Mrs. McNaught in November, 1866, aged fifty-five years, having reared four sons and four daughters. Our subject was reared in Martinsville, attended the usual schools, and afterward the University at Indianapolis; and afterward married Mary 0. Garrison, with an issue of eight children in all — Ada L., Lora B., Emma A., Olive M., Cora, Joseph W., Prank and Walter. Mr. Mc- Naught served as Justice of the Peace in 1865, and was re-elected in 1869. In the spring of 1871, he moved into Hall, and there engaged in the harness trade, but is now a journeyman. May 25, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Volunteers, served three years, waa^ engaged in the battles of Resaca, Lost Mountain, Rich Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Marietta, Atlanta and others. Mr. McNaught is a Repub- lican, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. JOHN WESLEY MINTON was given birth in Knox County, Tenn.,. November 19, 1833, his parents being Ebenezer and Dorcas (Baldwin) Minton, the former a native of Virginia, the latter of Tennessee, who moved to this State in 1849; settled in Clark County for two years, and thence came to this township, where Mr. Minton died in 1877, aged sixty-nine; Mrs. Minton yet lives, aged seventy-five years; they had five- sons and five daughters. Our subject grew up on the home farm, and when of age went to Illinois for five years, attending and teaching school ; but the greater part of his education was obtained after his- marriage, which took place September 20, 1856, in Illinois, the bride being Miss Mary, daughter of Joseph Norton, now of Kansas. The result of this union was twelve children — Maria Elizabeth, Mary Alice, Emma (deceased), Ida May, Delilah, Rufus Carlton, Elbert, "Cuty" (deceased), Doliie, Lida, Clyda and Liliie. In 1858, Mr. Minton moved to Kansas, where he farmed for twelve years. September 10, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Seventh Kansas Cavalry, became Second Sergeant, served three years; re-onlisted in 1864. He was at the battles of Corinth, luka, Pilot Knob and many skirmishes. In 1871, he returned to Indiana and settled in Wilbur, where he engaged in mercantile business, and was made Postmaster in 1872; he was appointed Trustee in 1874, and elected in 1876, and served in all five years, Mr. Minton has a farm of 217 acres, which he owns and manages. He is an active Republican and a progressive citizen. NATHAN NICHOLAS, farmer, is a native of Washington County, Ky., was bom September 16- 1804, and is a son of Nathan and Nancy 346 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: (Gresham) Nicholas, natives respectively of North Carolina and Vir- ginia, who emigrated to Orange County, Ind., in 1815. where Mr. Nich- olas died. Our subject settled in this county in 1830, near Mooresville, and in this township' in 1848. Mr. Nicholas has been twice married — first, October 23, 1828, to Sarah Kearby, a native of Kentucky, with an issue of seven children — Edward C. (deceased), Nancy M., Giles H., Elizabeth B., Sophia Jane, Mary and Thomas K. (deceased). The mother of these died in 1843, and November 1, 1853, Mr. Nicholas mar- ried Mrs. Lena Hancock, by which marriage succeeded five children — Delphina (deceased), Samuel, Loretta F., Lena Piuefta (deceased) and Arlita T. Mr. Nicholas is owner of eighty acres of excellent and im- proved land, which possession is wholly his own acquirement He is in political matters a Republican, and he and wife are communicants of the Mefliodi&t Episcopal Church. ALLEN R. SEATON was born in Jefferson County, Ky., April 28, 1808, a son of George and Sarah (Drake) Seaton, natives respectively of Virginia and Kentucky, who dated their ancestry back to the Scots and Britons. They were married in Kentucky in 1803, and raised a family of ten. Allen grew to manhood with his parents and remained with them until he was twenty -two years old. August 11, 1830, he married Sarah Pound, a union which produced nine children — John P., George W., Charles, Richard (deceased), Mary E. (deceased), James P., Sarah J., Gi-afton "W. and Apphia M. (deceased). In 1832, he came to and settled on a tract of land entered by his father in this township. His sons Charles and Grafton are prominent physicians of this county, the former being now Treasurer thereof. Mrs. Seaton died at Hall January 31, 1884, aged seventy-two years. She, with her husband, joined the Christian Church in 1835. Mr. Seaton owns a comfortable eighty-acre farm given to him by his father. He was once a Whig, but is now a Republican. Gkafton W. Seaton, M. D., was born March 5, 1846, in this county, and is a sou of Allen R. Seaton. He was bred to the farm, attended public schools, and also the N. W. C. University for two terms. In 1868, he commenced the study of medicine with his brother Charles, a physician at Hall, and at the end of a year attended Rush College, Chi- cago; then, later, the Louisville Medical College, from which he gradu- ated in 1870, and began practice with his brother the same year. From 1878 to 1881, he was in the drug business. March 2, 1871, ho wedded Sarah E. Welman, with a bestowal of four children — Harry A., Guy, Edna E. and Nellie. Dr. Seaton is a Freemason, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. ELI P. SHAKE, farmer, was born in Gregg Township, Morgan Coun- ty, Ind., May 21, 1841, and is the second child in a family of five chil- dren born to George W. and Catherine H. (Pruitt) Shake, the former a native of Jefferson, and the latter of Oldham County, Ky. They were of German- Scotch and German descent respectively. George W. Shake re- ceived his early education in his native State, and while yet a young man, in 1835, came with his parents to Morgan County, Ind. He was married at the age of eighteen, and soon after bought 160 acres of wild land in Gregg Township, where he subsequently improved the farm upon which he still resides. He was once elected Commissioner of Morgan County, but did not qualify. He is an active member of the Masonic fraternity. Eli P. Shake, the subject, received a limited common schpol education in youth, and was employed on his father's farm until he was GREGG TOWNSHIP. 347 twenty-one years old. He then leased forty acres of wild land in Gregg Township for six years, which he cleared. In the fall of 1870, he re- moved to Bates County, Mo., where he settled on ninety acres of wild prai- rie land deeded to him by his father. Here he built a house, improved a farm and resided three years. He then sold this place and returned to Gregg Township, Morgan Co., Ind., where he bought eighty acres of the old homestead, upon which he resided until the fall of 1883, when he sold out and came to Adams Township, same county, where he bought the farm of eighty acres upon which he now resides. He was married, July 24, 1862, to Miss Mary E. Yager, a native of Gregg Township, Morgan Co. , Ind. , and a daughter of William W. and Sarah A. (Hinkle) Yager, who were among the pioneers of Gregg Township. Three chil- dren have blessed their union, of whom two sons — William W. and How- ard J.i are yet living. Both Mr. Shake and wife are and have been from early youth devoted and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics, Mr. Shake is a Democrat. JACOB ALONZO SHIPLEY first saw the light of this world on March 4, 1846, in Jefferson Township, Morgan County, being the second son of Tolbert and Sarah (Mclnturf) Shipley, natives of Tennessee and Ohio respectively; they were pioneers of this county, having lived in this township for forty- five years. Jacob Alonzo Shipley spent his boyhood in farm work and pursuing education in the schools. August 15, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Thirdy-third Indiana Volunteer Regiment, and served four years, having become a veteran in February, 1864. He was made a Corporal, and was captured at Thompson's Station, held thirty-three days and exchanged. After the war, he engaged in saw milling for five years in Jefferson Township, after which he resumed farming, which he has since followed.' October 19, 1871, he married Victoria Rouseau, from which union descended five children — Bertie (de- ceased), Percy (deceased), Myrtie, Jesse and Hazel. Mr. 'Shipley was elected Trustee of this township in 1882, and still serves as such. He is 3 Republican in politics, a member of Blankenship Post, G. A. R., and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. HENRY B. SMITH, farmer, is a native of Owen County, Ind., was born February 11, 1827, his parents being Daniel and Elizabeth (Crum) Smith, natives of Virginia, who emigrated to Kentucky, later to Indiana in 1825, and settled in Owen County until 1831, whence they moved to this township, made a home on entered land, and there remained until 1875, at which time they removed to Clayton, where Mr. Smith closed his life in 1879, aged about seventy-nine. After this event, the mother returned to the homestead, now occupied by our subject, and ended her life in 1881, aged seventy-six years; they had a family of ten children. Henry B. Smith was reared on the homestead farm, and at seasons attended the subscription schools. December 2, 1847, he married Jane Carder, a native of Kentucky, to which union have been given nine chil- dren — Vernilla A. , Ruth J., Sanders, Theodore R. , Harvey M. , Stephen, Henry K., Eva J. (deceased) and Martha R. Mr. Smith is the owner of a good farm of 160 acres, and has a desirable home — most of which he has acquired by his own efforts. He is a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. ELIJAH SMITH, farmer, is a native of Owen County, Ind., was born February 23, 1829, and is the second son and third child of Daniel and Eliza- beth (Crum) Smith. He was brought up aud grew to manhood on the home 22 348 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: farm, after he had had some advantages from the schools of the time. August 24, 1852, he married, in this township, Mary Carder, by which union they had a family of two children — Lafayette C. and James H. Mr. Smith came to this county in company with his parents, and here be has made a home, which embraces eighty acres of well-improved and cultivated land, the most of which has been gained by his own unaided exertions and exacting frugality. By political preference, he is a Demo- crat, and by cotemporary judgment a good citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Christian Church. BARTHOLOMEW SMITH, farmer, was bom in Owen County, Ind., February 5, 1837, and is the eldest of seven children born to Marcus M. and Malinda (Pierson) Smith, the former of whom was a native of Mus- kingum County, Ohio, and the latter of Bourbon County, Ky. They were of English and Irish descent respectively. Marcus M. Smith received only a very limited education in youth, at the rude log school- houses of the Indiana frontier; but by his own exertions, and by the light of a shell-bark fire afterward acquired a fair, practical business education and became of the best historians in the country. After his father's death, in the fall of 1824, the family removed to Owen County, Ind., and settled on some 600 acres of land on the White River, which his father had entered some years before. Here young Marcus learned the miller's trade, which he followed for several years, and here he was afterward married. Later he bought a farm in Owen County, where he still resides, and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. Both himself and wife are members of the Christian Church, in which church he has been a minister for more than thirty years. The father of Mrs. Malinda Smith, Bartholomew Pierson, served under Gen. William H. Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe and in that General's other campaigns, against the Indians, and his father, Shadrach Pierson, was a veteran of the Revolutionary war, having served seven years, or through the entire struggle. Bartholomew Smith received such an education in youth as could be obtained at the primitive log schoolhouses of the frontier, and was employed on his father's farm until he was twenty- one years old. He was then employed as a salesman for the Turner Scale Company for about two years. In September, 1861, he enlisted in the Tenth Indiana Battery, and served with the same in all its marches and engagements until the close of the war, and was mustered out at Indianapolis in June, 1865. He participated in the battles of Stone River, Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and the Atlanta campaign, as well as many other lesser engagements. At Dallas, Ga., he was severely in- jured by the recoil of a piece of artillery, resulting in partial paralysis. For two years after his return from the army, he was engaged in rail- roading. He then bought a farm in Ray Township, Morgan Co., Ind., where he resided until October, 1876, when he sold and bought another in Gregg Township, where he still resides. • He was married, September 21, 1861, to Miss Mary J. Hancock, a native of Franklin County, Ky. Five children, two sons and three daughters, have blessed their union, all of whom are yet living. Mr. Smith is a member of Eminence Lodge, No. 440, A., F. & A. M., and is also a member of the G. A. R. In pol- itics, he is a Republican, and is a respected citizen of Gregg Township. WILLIAM H. SMITH, dealer in general merchandise, Herbemont, Ind., was born in this township November 5, 1846, and is the sixth of the twelve children of Allen and Elizabeth (Brown) Smith, natives of GKEGQ TOWNSHIP. 349 Kentucky and of English descent. William H. Smith was reared to farming, and received hig education at the common schools. December 6, 1866, he married Mollie E. , daughter of Thomas Dickson, and became the father of seven children — Ida B., Thomas &.., Esta D., Lura E., Iva (deceased), Maggie and Herman. In 1874, Mr. Smith embarked in mercantile business at Herbemont, where he has done a thriving business. He is a Master Mason, and has acted as Past Master. In 1882, he pur- chased an interest ia a saw-mill, with which he has done fairly. He is owner of a good and improved farm of sixty acres, which will always furnish a fine home and revenue. He is a Democrat in politics, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOHN B. STALET was born in Randolph County, N. C, February 21, 1821, and is the third son of the thirteen children of Eli and Mary (Rhodes) Staley; the former born January 6, 1794, the latter January 4, 1796, married in 1813, and both natives of North Carolina, who moved to this State in 1832, and settled in Adams Township on Government land, where they resided for thirty years, and reared a family of nine daughters and three sons. John B. was reared at home and to farming, but without education. July 18, 1840, in Paris, 111. , he married Sarah Brown, a native of Virginia, as a result of which contract were born twelve children — an infant (deceased), George T. (deceased), Mary (de- ceased), Elizabeth (deceased), Lucinda, Matilda (deceased), Margaret, Malinda J. (deceased), Martha Ann (deceased), Delphina (deceased), Sarah Emily and Luella Mr. Staley is owner of a fine farm of 160 acres near the town of Hall, which, after eleven years' residence, he has rented and retired to the town. He has been liberal to his children in matters of education, and is an exemplary man generally. He is Demo- cratic in politics, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. WALTER C. STOUT was born in Randolph County, N. C, October 11, 1828, and is the second son of Allen and Sarah (Brewer) Stout, who moved to this State in 1831, and settled in Monroe Township, where they resided five years; then removed to Hendricks County, and entered 320 acres. There Mr. Stout died in 1841, aged forty-six years, and Mrs. Stout died at Monrovia in 1852, aged fifty-two years. Walter C. Stout passed his boyhood on the home farm, and in school going. In 1844, be began learning brick-masonry, at which he worked fourteen years. May 16, 1848, he married Candace Williams, a union productive of eight children — Elvina E., Howard, John Wesley, Crittenden C, Mary, Byron, Thomas and Ira. The mother of these children died December 8, 1864, when about thirty-eight years old, a member of the M. E. Church. Feb- ruary 17, 1868, he married Mrs. Dartula Wolf; this marriage gave being to four children — Joseph, Cordelia, Leotis and Ollie (deceased). In 1844, Mr. Stout began studying law, which he afterward gave up and went to farming. In 1852, he was engaged in mercantile business at Hall. In 1856-58, he was Deputy Sheri£f of this county under Dick Williams. In 1867, he resumed his legal studies, and is at present Dep- uty Prosecutor of this township. In 1870, he located in this township, since when he has lived at Wilbur. He is a prominent stump speaker, and a radical Republican. THOMAS WILHITE, the seventh son of the fifteen children born to Noah and Polly (Williams) Wilhite, came into the world at Oldham County, Ky., October 9, 1831. His parents moved to this State from Kentucky in 1835, and here resided until death. Th(pmas was reared to 360 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : farming in this county, receiving by times some education from the com- mon schools. After his majority, in March, 1852, he married Miss Can- dace Wilson, which union was united by the birth of four phildren — Perry, Mary, John A., and Grant (deceased). The mother of these chil- dren died March, 1871, and five years thereafter Mr. Wilhite married Eleanor Kirns, and to this alliance was vouchsafed one child — Ernest. For some years, Mr. "Wilhite has been engaged in the saw and flouring mill enterprise, which he has managed very encouragingly; previous to this departure, his business was farming and stock-raising. He is a Re- publican in politics, and an earnest temperance advocate. He is promi- nent in good and benevolent works, an honored citizen, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. NOAH H. WILHITE is a native of this township, was born April 26, 1835, and is a son of Noah and Mary (Williams) Wilhite, natives of Virginia and Kentucky, who came to this State from Kentucky in 1834 and settled on land in this township, where they reared thirteen children. Our subject was reared to the honorable pursuit of farming, acquired a fair education from the public schools, and became an adept in luusic, both instrumental and vocal. October 6, 1855, in Adams Township, he married Mary A. Hobbs, by whom he has become father to five children — Saletha Belle, Urban C, John E., Emma G. and George W. In 1872, Mr. Wilhite removed to Illinois, remained three years in Effingham County, where he taught the science of music, and later returned, from ill health, to Indiana. For the last five years, he has managed the home- stead. The father of our subject died in March, 1860, aged sixty-nine, and his mother in July, 1858, aged sixty-two years. The daughter of our subject— Mrs. Deer —is- also a teacher of vocal and instrumental music. AARON L. WILHITE is a native of Oldham County, Ky., was born June 16, 1824, and is a son of Lamech and Mary (Koebler) Wilhite, na- tives of Virginia, who moved first to Kentucky, and later, in 1836, to In- diana, where they settled on a tract of Government land in this township; thence they moved to Monrovia, wheretheyclosed their lives — he at about seventy- four, and she at about seventy-nine years of age — and they had a family of seven sons and seven daughters. Aaron worked for his father and attended school until he reached the age of twenty-two. November 19, 1846, in Hendricks County, he married Rebecca Wiltz, which union was cemented by five children— Alexander, Sarah (deceased), Mattie, El- nora and Lafayette. Mr. Wilhite is agreeably located on a fine farm, comprising ninety-nine acres, cultivated and improved. He is a liberal, charitable man, a strong temperance advocate, a practical farmer and an honored citizen. One of his sons and one of his daughters hold posi- tions as teachers. He and wife are communicants of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, of which Mr. Wilhite is a Steward. THOMAS J. WILHITE was born in what is now this township March 25, 1840, and is the fifth child of Joshua and Virginia A. (Brown) Wilhite, natives of Virginia, who married in Oldham County, Ky., whence they came to this State in 1831, and settled in this county, where they remained until 1858; then removed to Kansas, where they died, the father in 1867, aged sixty-two, the mother in 1879, aged seventy-four years, having reared a family of six children. Thomas J. was bred to farming, and attended the schools of the time. July 6, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Twenty-first Indiana Heavy Artillery, in which he served GREGG TOWNSHIP. 351 actively ixntil January, 1866, being then honorably discharged. He took part in the battles' of Baton Rouge, Port Hudson, Port Morgan, Spanish Fort, Mobile and many skirmishes. Returning home on veteran furlough March 15, 1864, he married Miss Candace, daughter of John H. Phillips. This union was strengthened by seven children — Minnie C, Clara I., Gertrude, Frank E., Beryl E. , Tennie E. and an infant (deceased). In 1873, Mr. "Wilhite was elected Justice of the Peace; moved to Plainfield in 1876, and to this county in 1879; farmed one year; embarked in the harness business at Monrovia, and came to Hall in 1881, where he engaged in the harness business for himself. In politics, he is a Green- backer. Mr. Wilhite has considerable property, for which he has labored actively and honorably. He and wife belong to the Christian Church. JACOB A. WILHITE is a native of this township, was born June 10, 1849, and is the eldest child of Elijah and Jane (Pruitt) Wilhite, natives of Kentucky, who came to this State in early life with their parents; they married in this township and reared a family of seven children. Jacob A. Wilhite ^was reared to farming, and educated at the common schools. April 7, 1870, he married Miss Maggie, daughter of John B. Staley, and to them were bestowed four children — Clara, Minnie, Bertha and Sarah. Mr. Wilhite is a practical, experi- enced and successful farmer, who manages his improved and adorned farm of 160 acres, which is situated about one and a half milea west of the town of Hall. Mr. Wilhite is a member of the fraternity of Odd Fellows, and a Republican in political choice. He and wife are consistent and useful members of the Christian Church. JOHN WILLIAMS was born in Shelby County, Ky., August 19, 1801, and is a son of John and Sarah (Kirkendall) Williams, natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. He grew to manhood on a farm, and acquired a rudimentary education at the Kentucky subscription schools. February 1, 1821, he married Elizabeth Pruitt, and to them were born nine children — Zerilda (deceased), Tabitha (deceased). Can- dace (deceased), Perlina (deceased), John B. , William, Matilda, Rice (deceased) and Levi (deceased). The mother of these children died March il, 1845, agfed about forty-eight. August 7, 1848, Mr. Williams wed- ded Elizabeth K. Whittaker, from which marriage resulted one child — Mary M. This mother also died (October 6, 1883,) aged seventy-two. Mr. Whittaker came to this State in 1830, and located on Government land. He now owns a good farm of 300 acres. William Williams was born June 20, 1832, and is a son of John Williams. He was reared a farmer, and March 25, 3854, married Martha A., daughter of Samuel Wilhite, deceased, to which marriage , were allotted five children — Delphina, Olive E., Charles, Calvin and Elvin. January, 1861, at Austin, Mo., he enlisted in Company B., Fourteenth Missouri State Guard: served fourteen months, and in a skirmish suffered a broken hip. In 1863, he returned to and settled in this State. Mr. Williams has more than once been engaged with the James and Younger outlaws. He resides with his father, and is owner of eighty acres of superior land. He is a brave, courageous man, and feared, but respected. JOHN A. WILSON is a native of this county, was born August 28, 1843, and is a son of John F. and Hannah (Pruitt) Wilson, natives of Kentucky. John A. Wilson obtained an ordinary education and remained at home until he was of age. July 20, 1863, he enlisted in Company L, 352 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; Twenty-first Eegiment, First Heavy Artillery, served until February, 1866, and was discharged honorably. After long and active service his only casualty was an injury to his little finger. After the war, he en- gaged in farming, where he has since made his home. November 22, 1866, he married in Cumberland County, 111., Mary M., daughter of John Williams, and a native of this township. To this union were bestowed six children — Otis E., Olin M., Ira E., Myrtie, Myron L* and Chauncy L. Mr. Wilson manages his home farm of fifty-five acres — a good, im- proved and valuable property. Except some little time passed in Mis- souri and Kansas, Mr. Wilson has made his home in these parts. He is Republican in political principles, and he and wife are consistent and honorary members of the Christian Church. JEFFERSON WOODEN was born in Jefferson County, Ky., May 27, 1821, and is the eldest son of Robert M. and Malinda Wooden, na- tives of Kentucky, and respectively of Irish and Scotch descent. Jeffer- son was brought up on a farm and educated in the subscription schools of Owen County, Ind., where his parents had located, and where they ended their days. He left his father's home when he was twenty years of age, and January 14, 1844, married Mary E. Wilson, and to them were be- stowed four children — Leannor, Thena, John R. and Malinda B. (de- ceased). Mr. Wooden is located on 165 acres of improved land, making a very comfortable home, nearly all of which is his own acquirement. He is a Republican, was elected County Assessor in 1872, and is an es- teemed, quiet and useful citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Wooden are members of the Missionary Baptist Church, and greatly regarded in their church and community. MADISON TOWNSHIP- JOHN B. COX, deceased, was born November 12, 1829, in Morgan County, Ind., and here made his home until the day of his death, which occurred October 11, 1865. He was reared as a farmer, and educated at the public schools and at Franklin College, in Johnson County, Ind. September 20, 1853, he was married in his native county to Harriet Landers, daughter of the Hon. William Landers, an early settler of Mor- gan County, and had born to him three children — Florence C, Emma S. and Ida B., all of whom were still living at the time of his death. Mr. Cox was one of the most, extensive farmers and stock-dealers in MorganWounty, and was one of the firm of Fee, Conduitt & Cox, wholesale dry goods merchants of Indianapolis. He was a cheerful and honorable man, a liberal and consistent Christian, a devoted, active and prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Upon his death-bed he appropriated $1,000 to be expended in annual pay- ments toward supporting the circuit minister in charge of the church to which he and his family belonged. He was also a prominent Ma- son, by the rites and ceremonies of which order his funeral and burial services were conducted. He left an extensive property, most of which had been acquired by his own industry. The three little girls, under the care and guidance of a Christian mother, have grown to womanhood. Two of them— Mrs. J. L. Matthews and Mrs. C. H. Sheets— reside at MADISON TOWNSHIP. 353 Mooiesyille (at which place Mrs. Cox has lived since 1869), and the other, Mrs. Dr. Stuckey, in tiie city of Indianapolis. THOMAS ELY is the tenth of twelve children born to David and Sarah (Claypool) Ely, natives of Virginia, and of German and English descent. Thomas Ely was born in Lee County Va., January 2, 1826 ; in 1837, he came with his parents to Hendricks County, this State, where his father died in 1845 ; he came with his mother to this county, in 1847, and located in Brown Township, but a short time afterward came to this township, and here his mother departed this life in 1857. Mr. Ely has cleared from the forest a tine farm of 135 acres, which is well tilled and equipped, and stocked with horses, cattle, hogs and sheep. December 28, 1848, he married Martha J., daughter of Caltonand Nancy {Jones) Grisham, and a native of Morgan County. The children born to this union are Keuben, Elizabeth, Eenjamin F. and Drusilla. Mr. Ely is a Democrat, and was once elected Justice of the Peace of Madsion Township, but declined the office; he is an advocate of temperance and an Odd Fellow, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. DAVID T. EVANS was born in Metcalf County, Ky., August 7, 1843, is the third of fifteen children born to Robert and Lucy (Button) Evans, and came to Indiana in 1861 with his parents. He worked at farming until 1877, when he began mercantile business at Redhouse, now known as Waverly. Three years later, he moved tO' Exchange, Ind. , remained one year, and then came to Landersdale, where he is now do- ing a first-class business. July 3, 1878, he married SophroniaE. Smith, daughter of William H. Smith, and a native of Kentucky. Three chil- dren have been born to this union — Elsie, Elmer and William R. Mr. Evans was Postmaster at Exchange for a year, and has been Deputy Postmaster at Landersdale since March 1, 1881. He is a member of Waverly Lodge, No. 318, I. O. O. F., and also of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. Mrs. Evans is a member of the Christian Church. ANDREW J. GOODPASTER (deceased) was born in Bath County, Ky., November 24, 1822, was the son of Michael and Margaret (Car- penter) Goodpaster, and was reared a farmer. September 19, 1844, he marrieid Scythia Carpenter, also a native of Bath County, born February 20; 1824, and dau^ter of Michael and Sallie (Jones) Carpenter. The month following his marriage, Mr. Goodpaster came to this township and settled on a farm which had been entered by his father-in-law, built a cabin and reduced the forest to a home, where he lived until his death, July 18, 1865. His widow now conducts the farm, which consists of eighty acres, and is well cultivated and stocked. She is a consistent Christian, an amiable woman, arid the mother of six children — Sarah M., Andrew Jackson, Mary M., Betsy Ann, Nancy J. (deceased), and Lou, the last named now a teacher. WILLIAM LANDERS (deceased) was born in Virginia December 18, 1789, and died in Madison Township, this county, December 10, 1851. When he was but a mere child, his parents removed to the State of Kentucky, where his mother died, and from whence his father came into Indiana. Our subject arrived in Morgan County in the year 1819, and at once purchased from the Government a large tract of land, upon which he settled and spent the rest of his life. Before leaving Ken- tucky, he was married to Ibbe Stone, who died in Morgan County Octo- ber 3, 1821. She had borne her husband five children, viz. , Jonathan, 354 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: William, Joshua, Nimrod and Jeremiah, Joshua being the only one now living. November 29, 1822, our subject was married, in Jackson Township, to Delilah Ston^, a younger sister of his first wife. She bore him the following children, viz. , Washington, who died in the thirtieth year of his age; Franklin, now the Hon. Franklin Landers, of Indian- apolis; Sarah, wife of Cyrus Vickeiy, of Iowa; Ibbe, who died in 1838 at ten years of age; John, now of Landers & Co., Indianapolis; Martin, died in 1852, about twenty years of age; Harriet, widow of J. B. Cox; and Jackson, now of Landers & Co., Indianapolis. The mother of these children died March 11, 1883, and the following from the obituary notice published in the Indianapolis Journal of the following day pays a fitting tribute to a noble woman: "The pioneers of the 'New Purchase' are leaving one by one, and in a few years none will remain to tell of the early settlement of this section of the State. The last to leave was Mrs. Delilah Stone Landers, the venerable mother of the Hon. Franklin Lan- ders, who died in this city yesterday morning, at the* home of her son, Jackson Landers, in the eighty-fifth year of her age. Mrs. Landers was born in Mercer County, Ky., November 15, 1798. In the fall of 1819, her father emigrated to Indiana, and settled in Morgan County, near the Marion and Johnson County lines. In 1822, she was married to William Landers, one of the earliest settlers of this section of the State. She bore him nine children, six of whom are now living, three of them — Hon. Franklin Landers, John Landers and Jackson Landers — being well known residents of this city. When Mrs. Landers was married, her hus- band had five small children by a former wife. These, with the nine she bore him, grew up under her care and guidance, and became respected, and honored citizens. What brighter crown than this could gild her brow ? * * * After her husband's death, she continued to reside upon the farm and diredt its cultivation until some ten years ago, when she removed to this city, and has since lived here with her sons. She conducted her farming operations with success, and added much to the patrimony left by her husband. She was a member of the first Baptist Church organized in the section where she lived. * * * gjjg (jie,j in the assurance of a blessed immortality. * * * jjgp memory will be revered by those who grew up around her, for she was a good woman, abounding in those virtues which honor womanhood and make the world better." At his death, William Landers had been for several years one of the Associate Judges of Morgan County; he was also Coun- ty Commissioner for a number of years, and at a very early date was elected Justice of the Peace, and held the office for about sixteen consec- utive years. About the year 1835, he made the race for the Legislature against Dumont, the issue being based upon the internal improvement schemes so largely under^ken by the State about that time, Landers maintaining that the undertaking was too great, that the State was finan- cially incapable of meeting such gigantic obligations, and, though de- feated, he lived to see his opponents go down, and the correctness of his theories demonstrated. In politics, our subject was an uncompromising Democrat, and his life and infl.uence were such as to mold and shape the politics of the commanity in which he lived, and it is somewhat remark- able that, though he has been dead nearly a third of a century, the town- ship in which he lived and died has never once given a Kepublican majority. At the time of his death he was a Master Mason, and had been for many years a consistent member of the Baptist Church. MADISON TOWNSHIP. 355 GEOEGE W. LOWE was born in Guilford County, N. C., July 4, 1832, and is the fifth of seven children born to Absalom and Sarah. (Coble) Lowe, natives of North Carolina and of German extraction. In 1882, while George W. was yet an infant, the family came to Hendricks. County, this State, remained a year, and then came to this township, purchased a farm, developed it from the wilderness, and here the father died in July, 1877, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church; his widow, now eighty-three years of age, still survives. On this farm George W. Lowe was reared until eighteen years old, when he entered upon an apprenticeship of three years at carpentering. June 20, 1858, he married Sarah J., daughter of John Simpson, a native of Kentucky; and DOW the mother of three children — William W., Anderson and Noel. In politics, Mr. Lowe is a Democrat, and is Assessor of Madison Town- ship, having been elected for four years. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his son William is now a teacher. ■ The home farm contains 161 acres, and is well stocked and improved. EZRA A. OLLEMAN was born in Mercer County, Ky., October 6, 1828, and is the eldest of four children born to James and Mary (Tisin- ger) Oileman, natives respectively of Virginia and North Carolina. At tne age of fourteen, Ezra' lost his father; he was then employed at driv- ing cattle from Indianapolis to New York, at $6.50 per month; was thus en- gaged, alternating with farming, until 1846, when he began a three years' apprenticeship at cabinet-making in Cincinnati. In 1849, he came to Mooresville, and for three years conducted business as cabinet-maker, then sold out and engaged in merchandising at Waverly until 1858; he next purchased 320 acres of land in this township, on which he has since resided, with the exception of three years, when he was employed as associate editor of the Indiana Farmer at Indianapolis. During this period he also established, in company with James Buchanan, the Sun, the first paper ever published in the interests of the Greenback National party, of which party he was the first Chairman of the State Central Committee, and also first Chairman of the State Executive Committee. Through the regular session of the Legislature of 1863-64, and the' called session of 1864-65, he served as a Republican, having been elect- ed from a district that usually gave 700 Democratic majority. In the spring of 1863, he enlisted in Company D, Seventieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but was discharged on account of physical disability. Augusts 16, 1849, he was married to Amanda M. Kelley, daughter of James S. and Eliza (Whetsel) Kelley, natives of Harrisburg, Penn., and Wheeling, Va Her father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and the Whetsel fam- ily came to Indiana in 1819, and settled on the banks of the White Riv- er, in Harrison Township, this county. Mr. and Mrs. Kelley were mar- ried in December, 1826; were the parents of four children, and died re- spectively in 1862 and 1852, members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. OUeman are the parents of five children — Or- lando A., Alma Belle, Flora E., Laura E. and Edward L., and are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. IMr. O. is also a member of the Mooresville Masonic Lodge, No. 78. JOHN B. RINKER, farmer and stock grower, was born in Washing- ton County, Ind. , May 2, 1825, and is the son of Levi and Elizabeth (Craycraft) Rinker. In 1829, the family came to Clay Township, thia county, where the parents closed their lives. John R. Rinker was edu- cated at the subscription schools of his early days, and remained upon 356 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: the home farm until February 2, 1851, when he married Elizabeth Clark| a native of Morgan County, and daughter of John and Rebecca (Matj thews) Clark. The children born to this union were three — Frank, El M. and Anna E. Their mother died January 29, 1874, a member of the Methodist EpiRCopal Church, and on March 30, 1875, Mr. Rinker mar- ried Ella Beckley, a native of Kentucky, and daughter of James and Elizabeth (Christie) Beckley. One child, Walter A.., has crowned this union. Mr. Rinker is a Democrat, and for three years was Township Trustee. He owns a well-improved farm of 100 acres, made by his own exertions. His daughter, Annie E., is a prominent teacher in the schools of the county, and his wife, Mrs. Ellen Rinker, for twelve years taught in Hendricks and Morgan Counties, this State, and one term in Missouri. Mr. Rinker is a Methodist and his wife a Baptist. JOHN SAWYERS, farmer and stock grower, was born in Guilford County, N. C. , January 22, 1825, and is the youngest of the eight chil- dren born to John and Sarah (Tansy) Sawyers, natives of the same State, and of English descent. The family came to this State about the year 1832, the parents dying in this county. John Sawyers was reared on a farm, and after reaching his majority traveled through a number of the Western States. On his return, he married Phoebe Lindley, daughter of Edward and Joanna (Kirk) Lindley, and to this union have been born ten children: Dayton, Ella (now Eversol), Anna, Ola, Li Hie (now Pugh), Mattie, Ida, Lewis, Bernice and Wallace. Mr. Sawyers has always pro- vided for himself and is now the owner of 740 acres, well improved and stocked. He makes a specialty of stock-raising, and ships largely to Indianapolis. He is a member of the Society of Friends, while his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. RUFUS B. SMITH was born in Harrison Township, this county, October 16, 1845, and is the second of nine children born to Robert and ■Cynthia (Stotts) Smith, natives of Ohio and Indiana respectively, and of English extraction. He was reared on the home farm, and was educated at the common schools. February 7, 1865, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, served seven months, and was honorably discharged in September of the same year. February 3, 1868, he man-ied Harriet P. Paxton, a native of Tennessee, and daughter of William and Mary Paxton. The following children were born to this marriage: Anna G., Guy O. (deceased), Dovie, Nellie, Robert Walter and Bertha. Mr. Smith is the owner of 495 acres of well- improved land, and is largely engaged in the live stock trade — growing and buying, and shipping extensively to Pittsburgh and Indianapolis. On his land is also one of the township schoolhouses. In politics, Mr. Smith is a Republican, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. HENRY T. SWEARENGIN was born in Randolph County, N. C, April 19, 1819, and came with his parents to Morgan County' in 1836. On the 27th of December, 1843, he was happily married to Mary M. Parks, who bore him eight children, of whom two died in early child- hood. In July, 1846, he and wife were baptized in the Christian Church at Mt. Gilead,, in which he became a Deacon in 1847 and a Trustee in 1860, and of which he continued a leading and consistent member until his death, January 20, 1884, at the age of sixty-four years nine months and one day. His widow still resides on the old homestead of 500 acres, in the management of which she is assisted by two of her sons — the youngest now twenty-three years old. Mrs. Swearengin was born in MADISON TOWNSHIP. 357 Mason Gonnty, Ky., April 10, 1826, and is the daughter of William and Henrietta (Thomas) Parks, natives of Kentucky, and of English extrac- tion; they came to Indiana in 1840, located in this township, and here died in 1849 and 1879 respectively, at the ages of lifty-tive and seventy- nine years. CYRUS A. WATSON, farmer and stock-grower, was born in this township August 17, 1829, and is the eldest of five children born to Thomas and Mary Ann (Eoyston) Watson, natives respectively of Vir- ginia and Tennessee, and of Welsh and Irish descent. They erected the iirst log cabin in Madison Township in 1819, and came here to reside in 1823, having purchased two farms, and also having entered about 400 acres of land. Here Thomas Watson, who had served his country in the war of 1812, died in 1856; his widow still survives, at the age of seventy- seven. Cyrus A. Watson was reared a farmer, and at his majority began for himself by clearing away the forest, the country still being more or less a wilderness; he is uow the owner of a well improved and well stocked farm of 200 acres. December 12, 1869, he married Susan, daughter of Daniel and Frances (Langyer) Thornberry, all natives of Virginia. To this union one child, Samuel, was born January 17, 1871. Mr. Watson is a Freemason, an Odd Fellow and a Democrat, and has held the office of Township Trustee four terms. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. BENJAMIN E. WATSON, farmer and carpenter, was born in this township October 21, 1838, and is the fourth of the five children born to Thomas and Mary (Royston) Watson, natives of Virginia and North Car- olina, and respectively of Irish and English extraction. Benjamin Wat- son was reared on a farm, but received a good education at the subscrip- tion schools, and subsequently taught in the public schools of Morgan County for seven and one-half years. November 22, 1859, he married Elizabeth Woodward, a native of Morgan County, who bore him four children — Thomas B., Mary M., Andrew I. and Alfred. December 14, 1874, Mr. Watson, having lost his wife, married Rachel M. Perisho, a native of Clarke County, 111. As a farmer, Mr. Watson owns and man- ages a farm of fifty-six acres, and as a carpenter has followed the trade for over thirty years. He was one year Secretary of Grange Lodge, No. 1246, at Brooklyn, Clay Township, and in politics he is a Democrat. ANDREW WRIGHT, a pioneer of Madison Township, was born in Harrison County, Ind., August 8, 1808, and is the eldest of ten children born to William and Mary (Inyard) Wright, natives respectively of Ken- tucky and Pennsylvania! William Wright served as a Lieutenant in the war of 1812, and came from Kentucky to Indiana about the year 1807; he settled in Harrison County, and there died, a respected pioneer. Andrew Wright was reared a farmer. May 15, 1834, he married Eliza- beth Blunk, who bore him ten children, two of whom are yet living — Mary A. and James. The mother of these having died, Mr Wright mar- ried Roema Harden, who bore him two children; she died in 1865. Mr. Wright next married Delia Hornady. In the spring of 1884, Mr. Wright came to this township and purchased 120 acres of unimproved land, to which he has since added eighty acres. His farm is now well improved, and well stocked with horses, cattle, hogs, sheep and the necessary farm- ing implements. In politics, Mr. Wright is now a Republican, although his first ballot was cast for Andrew Jackson for President. He is an advocate of temperance, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 358 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: GREEN TOWNSHIP. EICHARD A. ABRAHAM was born in Morgan County, Ind., July 4, 1842. He is a son of William and Maria (Arnold) Abraham, both natives of England. William Abraham was a resident of this township for thirty-seven years. He was born in the Isle of Wight, England, in 1815, and is the son of James and Sarah (Pittis) Abraham. James was born in the Isle of Wight about the year 1777. His wife Sarah also was born in the Isle of Wight. James and Sarah were married in 1810; on May, 26, 1821, the husband, wife and j5ve children embarked for Amer- ica, arriving in Philadelphia July 19, 1821, and thence proceeded to Newcomerstown, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, and thence in a few years to Deersville, Harrison County, Ohio, where they permanently resided until his death at the age of eighty-two years. He was the father of seven children, three of whom are still living, and of whom William is the second son. The latter was only six years of age when he crossed the Atlantic, but he still remembers many incidents of the voyage. After reaching manhood, he traveled down the Ohio Eiver into the then wild regions of the Lower Mississippi Eiver through the States of Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas, and as far north as Wisconsin. Returning home to Deersville, he there married, on October 7, 1840, Maxia, daughter of John Arnold. She was also born in the Isle of Wight on September 18, 1817. With her parents, and in the same vessel with the Abraham fam- ily, she emigrated to America in 1821. John Arnold, soon after his ar- rival, proceeded with his family to Eush County, Ind., and entered a half section of land east of Rushville, which land is still owned by his chil- dren, and on which he died June 27, 1864, aged seventy-six years. His wife, Mary Ann Cole, was also born in the Isle of Wight. After his marriage, William Abraham proceeded with his young wife to Cumber- land, Marion County, Ind., where, ten miles from Indianapolis, he pur- chased 160 acres of land, and moved on it. The land at that early day not being considered desirable, he soon disposed of it and came to Green Township, Morgan County, and moved on a farm he had previous- ly purchased, and which is at present owned by his son, Richard A. He moved on this farm in December, 1845, and lived here about sixteen years. In 1861, he moved to what was known as the John Hughes farm — now owned by William E. Abraham — where he lived until 1882, when he moved to near Providence, Johnson County, where he still resides. During the many years which William Abraham has been a resident of Morgan County, he and his wife have braved many hardships and suf- fered many privations, but they have been rewarded with a competence for themselves and their children. Eichard A., the eldest of the children, and our subject, came to this county with his parents, and, on April 6, 1870, was married to Mrs. Mary A. Flake, the widow of Aimor Flake, and daughter of Henry and Sarah (Davis) Elkins. She was born in this county on March 22, 1849. After his marriage he settled in this town- ship, where he has since remained, moving on the farm which he at present occupies in the year 1873. He owns over 700 acres of land. Mr. GREEN TOWNSHIP. 359 Abraham and wife are the parents of three children, viz., Alfred O., Nora and Kichard. Both are members of the Christian Church. WILLIAM ADAMS was born in Morgan County, Ind., on April 9, 1844, and is a son of Henry and Nancy Adams, natives of Kentucky and Virginia. Henry Adams was born February 2, 1804; married Emily Kephart, and moved to this county, where he now lives. He lost his wife Emily by death, and subsequently married Nancy Slusser. His family were Jacob, Abraham, Bobecca, George W., William, Eliza- beth, Amanda, Samuel, Joseph, Thomas, Sarah T. and Emily C. Will- iam Adams was married, in this county, November 31, 1865, to Charity, daughter of Henry and Lavina Pearce. She was born in Morgan Coun- ty on April 4, 1848. They have six children — Minnie E., Nancy B., Mary J., Martha C, Clarence E, and Lavina D. JOHN F. BRAUN was born in Germany on September 29, 1819, and is a son of Christian and Eliza (Scbnider) Brauu, natives of Germany, where they remained until their death. They had born to them — Chris- tian, George and John F. Our subject was youngest of the three chil- dren, and at the age of fourteen began learning the tailor's trade of his father, and followed it for a number of years. Mr. Braun, our subject, was married in Germany, in 1846, to Catherine Miller, and in 1850 they came to the United States, and settled in this county. Mrs. Catherine Braun died September 22, 1871, and on April '.i3, 1872, Mr. Braun was married to Louisa, daughter of Peter and Hannah Schniter. She was bom in Germany July 12, 1842. Mr. Braun is the father of thirteen children — Eliza B. (deceased), Henry, Frederick, Elizabeth, Christian (deceased), Augusta (deceased), Mary J. (deceased), Minnie H., George W., Franklin A., Mary I., and two infants (deceased). WILLIAM CAIN was bom in Brown County, Ind., January 7, 1850, and is a son of William and Lydia (Shroyer) Cain, natives of Pennsyl- vania. William Cain, Sr., was born on February 12, 1812, and Lydia Cain on November 17, 1816. They were married in Pennsylvania, moved to Ohio, and subsequently to Brown County, Ind., where Mr. Cain died February 14, 1882, and his wife is still living. They were parents of the following: Mary, Jacob, Barbara, Marvin, Lewis, Elizabeth, Jonas, Hannah and William. William Cain, our subject, was married in this county on December 9, 1873, to Mary E., daughter of James H. and Re- becca A. Gillaspy. Mrs. Mary E. Cain was born in this county on March 20, 1848. They are parents of six children — Ida, Lucinda, Ella, John M, Rebecca A. and George I. Mr. Cain is a much respected young man. JOSEPH EGBERT was born in Warren County, Ohio, September 4, 1835, and is a son of James and Sarah (Brand enburgh) Egbert, natives of Pennsylvania. James Egbert was a son of John Egbert, a native of New Jersey, who was born January 13, 1752, and in 1774, married, in Pennsylvania, Elizabeth Bowman. They moved to Warren County, Ohio, and remained there the rest of their lives. He was a soldier of the Rev- olutionary war. James, the father of our subject, was born in 1798, went to Ohio in 1818, and on October 11, 1821, married Catherine Pauley, who was born on June 28, 1803, bore her husband four children and subsequently died. These children were Lydia E., George W., John P. and Catherine. Mr. Egbert, August 18, 1830, married Sarah Brandenburgh, and by her had ten children — Israel, Elizabeth, Joseph, Sarah, Jonathan, Celia, Elvy, Martha, James and Thomas. Mrs. Egbert was born in Pennsylvania on November 3, 1808. In 1836, they moved 360 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: to Dearborn County, Ind., and in 1838 to this county, and remained here nnfcil their death, on January 11, 1868, and on September 16, 1875. James accompanied his parents to this county in 1838, and married on November 1, 1859, Julia A., daughter of Benjamin and Rebecca Brian. She was born in this county April 15, 1839. After marriage, Mr. Egbert settled on a farm in Green Township, and has since lived here. He owns 140 acres of land. They have a family of ten children — Willard B., Lorena A., Sarah J., Vilena (deceased), Laura E., Luella, Joseph O.^ Ora, Elva P. and Dora. He and his wife belong to the Christian Church. Mr. Egbert has been Township Assessor for three terms. S. H. PEARCY was born in Shelby County, Ky., on March 13, 1829, and is a son of William and Mary (Holly) Pearcy, natives respectively of Virginia and Pennsylvania. William was a son of George Pearcy, a. native of Pennsylvania. In an early day, George Pearcy moved to Vir- ginia, and there married Esther Campbell, moved to Greene County, Tenn., and in 1795 went to Fayette County, and two years afterward to Shelby County, Ky., and there remained until their death. Their children were John, Hugh, George, Henry, Elizabeth, Robert, Ann and William. William Pearcy was born in Rockingham County, Va., on March 4, 1784, and in Shelby County, Ky. , married Mary Holly, who was born in Penn- sylvania on January 2, 1790. In 1836, Mr. Pearcy moved to Morgan County, Ind., settling in Green Township, on the farm which our subject now occupies. Here he remained until death overtook him. His chil- dren were as follows: Charity J., Elizabeth A. (deceased), Jeremiah H., Elizabeth E. , Samuel H. and Mary A. Samuel H. Pearcy was next tO' the youngest in the family, and came to this county with his parents in 1836, and has lived here since that time. On February 12, 1852, he was married to Mary H., daughter of William and Jemima Hughes. Mrs. Pearcy is a native of this county, and was born April 18, 1832. They have seven children — Sarah E., Charity L. E., Stanton W., William T., Jemima E., John K. and Mary V. JACOB PIERCE was born in Greene County, Ind., and is a son of John and Frances Pierce, natives of Kentucky and South Carolina. John Pierce was born on January 31, 1797, and his wife, Frances, in, 1801. They were married in Kentucky, and moved thence to Greene, and finally, in 1834, to Morgan County, Ind. Here they remained until theip deaths, Mr. Pierce dying in 1883, and his wife preceding him in 1865. Their children were Nancy, Mary, Elizabeth, William, John S.,. Eliza J., Jacob, Rachel, Sarah, Angaletta, George, James M. and Jeriah. Jacob Pierce, our subject, married, in this county, on November 16, 1859, Catherine, daughter of Adam and Elizabeth Flake. She was bom in Morgan County, Ind., on March 16, 1842. After his marriage, Mr. Pierce settled in Johnson County, where he purchased land, and re- mained for about five years. The family then moved to this county, and have lived here since. To this household were added ten children — George W. (deceased), Sarah A. , John, Arrena E. , Cordelia (deceased),. Thomas W., Cornelius, James, Oliver and Elmer. SARAH RADCLIFF, widow of John Radcliflf was born in Madi- son County, Ky., on April 1, 1824, and is a daughter of Daniel and Rebecca (Johnson) Holman, natives of Virginia. Daniel Holman was married in Virginia in an early day, and then moved to Kentucky, where he died. Mrs. Holman afterward moved to this county, and died here. Their children were Alfred, Joel, Abel, Harden, James, Harrison,. GREEN TOWNSHIP. 361 Tarleton, Jackson, Madison, Perlina, Parmelia, Amanda, Minerva and Sarah. Sarah Holman, our subject, was married in Anderson County, Ky. , on August 15, 1844, to Edward J. Eice. The couple settled in Mercer County, Ky., and in 1848 came to Morgan County, Ind., where Mr. Rice died November 18, 1867. In 1869, Mrs. Sarah Eice married John Radeliff, who died on January 25, 1879. She owns 175 acres of very fine land. Mrs. E. has no family. WILLIAM RADFOED was born in Shelby County, Ky , September 11, 1833, of parents William and Nancy Eadford, natives of the same county and State. William Radford, Sr. , was a son of George Eadford, a Virginian, who married Catherine Woodcock. They moved to Shelby County, Ky., in an early day, and resided there until their death. He was a soldier of the Revolutionary war, and was the father of these children: Jacob, Henry, Elizabeth, Richard, Mary and William. William Eadford, father of our subject, was the youngest of these children, was born in 1809, and in course of time married Nancy Pearcy, in Shelby County, Ky., who was born in 1806. After marriage, they settled in that county, where he died in 1833. She was subsequently married to John Radeliff, and moved with her husband to this county in 1838. Mrs. Rad- eliff died in 1868, mother of two children — Mary, and William, our sub- ject. William Eadford was married on November 31, 1854, to Elizabeth, a daughter of Enoch S. and Sarah (Dugan) Tabor. She was born on March 18, 1838, in Nelson County, Ky. After marriage, the couple moved to Green Township, remained here until 1871, when they went to Martinsville, and there Mr. Eadford opened a hardware store. He continued in that business for three years, and then returned to this township where he has resided ever since. They have had four children — John L., Mary (deceased), Thomas B. and Frances. Mr. Eadford was elected Justice of the Peace in 1876, and has retained that ofSce until the present time. S. N. RUNDELL, M. D., was born in Morgan County, Ind., August 6, 1844. He is the youngest son, and his parents were Hiram R. and Mercy (Wyett) Rundell, both natives of New York, the father born on November 9, 1796, the mother on December 23, 1805. On October 1 6, 1823, the parents were married, in 1837 moved to Ohio, and in 1842 came to Morgan County, where the father died November 2, 1850. The mother still survives, and lives in Jackson Township. Their children were William W., Hester A., Andrew J., Reuben J., Malvina, John W. (deceased), Fletcher, Amy I. and Samuel N. The latter, our sub- ject, was fairly educated at Attica, N. Y. ; from thence he was sent to Greencastle, Ind., but completed his education at Franklin, Ind., after which he engaged in teaching school. In 1869, he began the study of medicine, Drs. Griffith and Sparks, of Morgantown, being his preceptors, until 1870, when, in the winter of 1870-71, he took a course of lectures at the University of Louisville, Ky. He then taught school in Johnson County, Ind., continuing his studies in medicine in the meantime, and in the winter of 1873-74 again attended lectures, graduating in Febru- ary, 1874. He entered upon the practice of his profession at Elkinsville, Brown County, Ind. He was there married on November 21, 1874, to Anna B., daughter of Reuben and Amanda Varney. She was born on August 19, 1853. In 1875, the Doctor moved to Cope, Morgan County, and resumed his practice, which he has since pursued with flattering success. To the Doctor and his wife have been born four children — Ora 362 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: E., Mabel M., Reuben and Esther. The Doctor is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, also of the Methodist Episcopal Church. FREDERICK SANDERS was born in Germany November 13, 1887, and is a son of Julius and Minnie (Bundgard) Sanders, natives of Ger- many. They were married in Germany, and in 1846 emigrated to the United States, coming at once to this county, and Julius Sanders still lives here, but lost his wife in October, 1851. He next married Annie E. Miller. Mr. Sanders has the following children: Charles, Dolly, Au- gusta, Robert, Edward, Mariah, Elizabeth and Frederick. Frederick Sanders, the second of the family, and our subject, accompanied his par- ents to this county in 1846, and has lived hero ever since. On October 8, 1858, Mr. Sanders married Mary, daughter of John Green. She was born in this county on September 25, 1839. Mr. Sanders settled in this township and has made it his home ever since. Mrs. Mary Sanders died on March 14, 1865, having borne four children — John J., Frederick, Oeorge W. (deceased) and Jacobina. lilr. Sanders took for a second wife Martha M. Bailey, widow of Benjamin Bailey, on June 2, 1865. She has had six children — Hanford E., Jacob, Harriet S., Charley (deceased), Francis M. and Bartholomew (deceased). Mr. Sanders is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and of the Masonic fraternity. ROBERT H. SCROGIN warf born in Lexington, Ky., October 22, 1810, of parents Joseph and Martha (Campbell) Scrogin, natives of Ken- tucky and Pennsylvania. The former was a son of Robert Scrogin, who was a native of Maryland; married a Miss Cullinson; went to Fayette, and finally to Woodford County, Ky., and there lived until their death. Robert was a Lieutenant in the Revolutionary war, and the father of thirteen children — Nathanial, Robert, John, Samuel, Luther, Sarah, Nancy, Millie, Ann, Elizabeth, Julia, an infant (deceased, unnamed), and Joseph (father of our subject). Joseph Scrogin was born in 1790, and his wife, Martha, in 1785, and they died respectively on May 25, 1841, and May 26, 1846.^ They had these children: Nancy, Robert H., Thomas B., Grandison J., Ann A., Julia E., Cordelia E., Ethelinda B, and Martha J. Robert H. Scrogin married, on January 1, 1837, in Hen- ry County, Ky., Nancy B., daughter of James and Letitia (Bryan) Hays. She was born in Washington County, Ky., on September 25, 1807. They moved to Morgan County, Ind., in 1839, and settled on the farm upon wbich the family has since resided. Mrs. Scrogin died on October 21, 1875, the mother of nine children — Martisha, Ethelinda C. , Ann E. , Jo- seph S., WilliamH., Robert J., Thomas B. C.,and two infants who died unnamed. JOHN SICHTING was born in Germany, July 22, 1834, and is the son of Henry and Louisa Sichting, Germans, born respectively in 1800 and in 1807, and were married in 1830. They emigrated to the United States in 1848, landing at Baltimore, and from there coming to Morgan County, Ind. , and here they still reside. They had children — Mary, John, Minnie, Augusta, Caroline and an infant (deceased). Of this family, John was next to the oldest, and came with his parents to this county in 1848, and was here married on March 29, 1859, to Mai'tisha E. , daughter of Robert H. and Nancy B. Scrogin. She was born in this county, August 7, 1839. After his marriage, Mr. Sichting settled on the farm which the family now occupy. They had nine children — Rob- ert H., John G., Felix B., Mary E., Minnie E., Nancy C, Ida E., Emma A. and Frederick W. BAKER TOWNSHIP. 363 JOHN S. SKA.GGS was born in Morgan County, Ind., February 5, 1831, and is a son of John and Edna (Ennis) Skaggs, Kentuckians, born respectively October 16, 1800, and in January, 1801; they were married in Barren County, Ky., in 1818, and came thence to Indiana, locating in Morgan County in 1828. Mr. Skaggs died in July, 1870, and his wife in May, 1881. Their children were James E., Mary J., Thomas P., Zaohariah, Elizabeth B., John S., Eliza A., Jonathan W., Harriet and Madison V. John S. was married, on September 26, 1854, to Perlina, daughter of William and Sarah Franklin. She died October 1, 1864, the mother of six children — Sarah B., Eliza C, Mary J. (deceased), Elva A., Henriette and Lavina. On February 15, 1866, Mr. Skaggs married Martha A. Crawford, widow of James Crawford, and a daughter of James and Matilda Morris. Mrs. Skaggs was born February 20, 1838, and by her Mr. Skaggs had born to him three children — Walter M. (deceased), Stella M. and Nellie M. Mr. Skaggs belongs to the Masonic fraternity, is holding the office of Township Trustee, and is a highly respected cit- BAKER TOWNSHIP. H M. BAKEE, leading stock-breeder, was born September 28, 1843, in Washington Township, Ind., and is the third of the four children of William and Delia (_Manley) Baker, natives of Kentucky, and of Irish descent, who removed to this State about 1822. Our subject, when a boy, was inured to farm work, but attended select school for some time. Au- gust 26, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Eighty-third Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, the regiment being assigned to the Army of the Cumber- land, and taking active part in the battles of Thompson's Station (where the regiment was taken prisoners, and exchanged after thirty days), Kes- aca, Dalton, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta, and was discharged September 28, 1864, the day he attained his majority. After returning, he served three years as Deputy Sheriff. February 15, 1871, he married Sarah J., daughter of Jefferson and Sarah Farr, by which union were born four children — Zulie A., Emma, Sarah D. and Charlie J. In 1871, he moved to his present abode — a farm of 240 acres, well improved,- cultivated and stocked. Mr. Baker has made a specialty of stock-breeding with Duke thoroughbred cattle, and by in- dustry and ability has established himself in life. He has served two terms as Township Trustee, is an active Republican and an honored cit- izen. E. B. BUSKIEK is a native of this township, was born September 30, 1859, and is the eldest of the seven children comprising the family of Bennett Van and Arvy (Smith) Buskirk, the former a native of this township, born in the same house as our subject, the latter of Georgia. E. B. Buskirk was brought up a farmer, and received some education from the common schools, which he attended by times until sixteen years old. In 1876, he went to Texas, and engaged in buffalo hunting and herding cattle for about two years, and later followed the same line in Nebraska. In the winter of 1880-81, he took a departure for Wyoming Territory, and worked on a ranch near Cheyenne, and engaged in herd- 23 364 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: ing on the Platte River until the year 1883, at which period he returned to his father's home in this township. In politics, he is a Republican. JEFFERSON FARR (deceased), was born December 25, 1812, at Lexington, Ky., and was one of the family of James and Catherine (Kurry) Farr, respectively of English and Irish descent. James Farr was a soldier of the war of 1812, and came to and settled in Ray Town- ship in 1824. Jefferson Farr married, February 26, 1834, Sarah Miller, to which union were bestowed twelve children, eight of whom are living — Julia, James, Thomas, Jane, Martha, Joseph, Angeline and William H. In 1841, Mr. Farr moved to this township, where he met his death De- cember 29, 1883. He was owner of about 300 acres, well improved and provided with a good residence. During life, he gave to each of his children about $1,500. He was an industrious and prudent man, by the exercise of which virtues he accumulated his property. He was a lead- ing Republican of his township, and served several terms as Township Trustee. Mr. and Mrs. Farr were both members of the Baptist Church. Chableb H. Gut was born September 1, 1856, in Ray Township, this State, and is a son of Martin V. and Martha (Stout) Guy. Charles was reared as a farmer, and September 18, 1879, married Angeline A. Farr, daughter of Jefferson and Sarah Farr, by which union were born two children — Arthur Roscoe and William A. Mr. Guy died April 22, 1882. He was an active Democrat, and was elected Road Commissioner. He was a highly-esteemed citizen, and a member of the Baptist Church. WILLIAM H. FARR, enterprising young farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of this township, was born March 23, 1861, and is the young- , est of the twelve children of Jefferson and Sarah (Miller) Farr, natives of Kentucky and of English extraction. William H. passed his youth, be- tween attendance at school and assisting at farming; he remained with his parents until August 31, 1879, when he married Mary J., daughter of Presley and Louisa (Hodges) Johnson, and to this union were be- stowed two children — Elmer Edgar (deceased) and Roscoe. Mr. Farr is the owner of 160 acres of highly cultivated land, with much necessary stock and implements, also a comfortable dwelling-house, barns and the like. Mr. Farr is a liberal and esteemed citizen, a Republican and a member of the Baptist, whil,e his wife united to the Christian Church JONATHAN H. HENRY, stock-raiser and farmer, was born August 3, 1831, in Clark County, Ohio, and is the fifth of the nine ciiildren of Hamilton and Rebecca (Dalrymple) Henry, natives respectively of Ken- tucky and South Carolina Jonathan was reared on a farm, and attended two terms of select school in Fayette County, Ohio. His father died in 1842, whereupon he assisted his mother, and also taught during the winter. December 3, 1857, he married Miss Anna, daughter of Elder James and Ellen (Rider) Simpson, of England, who emigrated to this country and purchased land in Ohio, where they died; Mr. Simpson was a Baptist minister. Three children followed this union— John C. (de- ceased), James H. and Ella N. ; they have also one by adoption— Juniata. After his marriage, Mr. Henry taught two terms of school; then took charge of a Christian Church in Harrison, Ohio, for two years; thence he moved to Martinsville, Ind., in 1863, where he had a church; thence to Gosport, in charge of a church for six years, and also for a time in business. In 1875, he moved to where his home now is, but was some time in Martinsville, and acted as Deputy Treasurer, and as Trustee two years. He has a fair farm of 120 acres, with good buildings, stocking BAKEK TOWNSHIP. 365 and various improvements. In addition to preaching, he served as County Examiner two years. In 1879, he was elected Trustee of Gosport, and afterward as a member of the School Board. Mr. Henry is a member of the Masonic fraternity, a Eepublican and a highly-regarded citizen. DR. WILLIAM N. HODGES was born on the section on which he now lives October 22, 1836, and is the fourth of the twelve children of John and Lucy (Newlin) Hodges, the former a native of Indiana, born 1810. The grandfather of our subject, Thomas Hodges, emigrated to Washington County, Ind., about 1808, and his great-grandfather was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. John Hodges came to this county in 1830, and died in this township September 7, 1856; he was a pioneer, and owned about 1,000 acres, most of which was improved. Dr. Hodges was reared on a farm. After studying medicine, and graduating from the Cincinnati Medical School, he located at Edwardsport, Ind., in 1866, as a practitioner, after which he traveled extensively until 1871, when he returned home and engaged in farming. October 1, 1871, he married Marv A. Baker, which union produced five children — Louisa A. , John L. , Joseph H., Lucy and Rachel C. Dr. Hodges' farm is well stocked, cultivated, improved and appointed, and embraces 300 acres. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, Seventy-ninth Indiana Volunteers, and served in most of the battles of the Southwest. He was discharged June 7, 1865. Dr. Hodges is a Freemason, a Republican, and has served as Justice of the Peace and County Coroner. He and wife are members of the Christian Church. JOHN P. HYNDS, stock-raiser and farmer, was born June 10, 1854, in Jefferson Township, Morgan County, and is the youngest of the eight children of William and|Susanna (Laakford) Hynds. He was reared on a farm, and remained until manhood. June lO, 1874, he married Nancy C. Hodges, of this county, a union which produced four children — Em- ma, Susanna E. (deceased), William T. (deceased), and Lilly B. Mr. Hynds is the possessor of 127 acres, eighty-seven acres of which lie on White River bottom, and all of which is in good improvement; the ad- ditions are a fine residence, with barns, outhouses and the like. Mr. Hynds has succeeded well in life, notwithstanding many losses; having lost at times his house and barns, valued at $1,500. He is an active Ee- publican, and has served one term as Assessor. He and wife are consist- ent and esteemed members of the Baptist Church, as well as liberal and benevolent neighbors and friends. PRESLEY JOHNSON, stock-raiser and farmer, was born August 15, 1835, in Monroe County, Ind., and is the fourth of the family of Joab and Elizabeth (Smith) Johnson, natives of Tennessee, who emigrated to this State in 1832, settled in Monroe County and entered and improved 240 acres, and where Mr. Johnson died October 12, 1846. After the death of his father, our subject labored on the home farm, as a conse- quence of which his educational advantages were spare. January 20, 1859, he married Miss Louisa, daughter of John and Lucy (Newton) Hodges, to which union were bestowed two children — Mary Jane and Jarvia J. Mr. Johnson was elected Trustee of this township for two terms of two years each. He is a member of the I. O. O. P. , and in pol- itics is a Democrat. In 1867, he settled near where he now resides on a proprietary farm of 256 acres, well cultivated, improved, and stocked with short-horn cattle. He is now mainly engaged in raising stock, and is comfortably situated, having given to his children and sold about 200 366 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: acres. Mr. Johnson is an enterprising and esteemed citizen, and, with his wife, a member of the Christian Church. ISAAC LAFAVEE was born in Virginia in 18.01. He is the third of the eight children of Abraham and Mary (Brock) Laf aver, natives of Virginia, the former of French and the latter of Dutch descent. Isaac was reared on a farm. His parents moved to Wayne County, Ky. , about 1806, where he attended the primitive schools of that time. About the year 1816, his parents moved to this State and settled in Washington County, where they entered 300, and cleared about 100 acres thereof. About 1823, they came to this county, entered land in this township, where Abraham Laf aver died in 1840. October 23, 1823, Isaac married Mary, daughter of Michael Cooper, a soldier of the Revolution. To this union were born nine children — John, Jacob, James, Isaac, Mary, Louisa, Nancy, Lovina and Abraham (deceased). In 1824, our subject came to this county, entered eighty acres on White River bottoms, and forty where he now resides. To this, he has added 100 acres, since purchased. This land is well stocked, cultivated and improved, with good orchards. In 1826, Mr. Laf aver moved to this township. He has been a worthily successful man; has served nine years as Justice of the Peace, and is a Democrat, having given his first vote for Gen. Jackson. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as was his wife, who died in 1880, aged seventy-five years. JAMES LEMON is a native of Johnson County, Ind., was bom Feb- ruary 6, 1847, and is the second of the five children of William P. and Lucinda Lemon, natives respectively of Kentucky and Indiana, and of Dutch and English descent. James moved to Gosport with his parents in 1860, but returned to Johnson County in 1871, and worked at carpen- tering and farming. October 5, 1873, he married Miss Cynthia, daugh- ter of Malachi and Sarah Collier, by which union they had three children — William E., Ira Francis and Thomas J. After marriage, Mr. Lemon moved to this county, and purchased twenty acres, in good cultivation, and with good dwelling and some improvements.' July 17, 1863. he en- listed in Company G, One Hundred and Fifteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, which regiment joined the Army of Cumberland. He was dis- charged March, 1864, and re-enlisted January, 1865, in Company C, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry; was stationed at Nashville and Decatur, and finally discharged November, 1865. Mr. Lemon is a Democrat, and a much respected citizen. Mrs. Lemon is a member of the Baptist Church. JOHN WESLEY LEONARD, stock- raiser and farmer, was born September 26, 1850, in Fayetteville, Ind., and is the youngest child of Isaac and Lucy (Culver) Leonard, respectively of German and French descent. Mrs. Leonard had been previously married to Mr. John Dun- ning, and was mother of two children. Our subject was reared on a farm, his parents having moved to Owen County, Ind. , when he was one year of age, where they purchased a farm and resided about six years; this they sold and removed to near Spencer, where they remained' until the spring of 1865; this land they likewise sold, and removed to near Martinsville, where John resided until May 27, 1874, when he married Eliza M., daughter of James and Eleanor (Peten) Maxwell, natives of Indiana. The fruits of this union were two children — Nora M. and Minnie lolia. Mr. Leonard has a farm of 102 acres, containing a good dwelling, barns and other buildings, and which is well cultivated, stocked BAKER TOWNSHIP. 367 and improved, the whole a result of successfal farming and judicious management. Mr. Leonard has been twice elected Justice of' the Peace, and is now serving as Trustee. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and an active Democrat. JOHN McDANIEL was born January, 1834, in Pulaski County, Ky., and is the fifth of the nine children of John and Unia Elizabeth (Little- john) McDaniel, natives of Kentucky, and of Scotch and Irish descent. John, our subject, was reared to the plow, and in 1852 came to this county, lived with an uncle and worked by the month for several years. About 1858, he lived in Missouri and Kansas, and afterward was em- ployed to drive a cattle team across the plains. From Salt Lake he assisted in driving one thousand head of cattle to California, where he engaged at farming by the month, but soon afterward returned to his present location. April 1, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, the regiment marching immediately to join the Army of the Cumberland, which took part at the battles of Frank- lin, Cumberland Gap, the Atlanta campaign and the march through Georgia. While in the hospital, his regiment was captured by the enemy, and he was thereafter assigned to the heavy artillery, in which he remained for ten months, and was discharged April, 1865. January 11, 1866, he married Mary A., daughter of James and. Ellen Martin, which union was cemented by six children — James H. , William Franklin, John E., Clinton H., Kelle B. and Ella J. Mr. McDaniel is owner of eighty acres, being a good farm and comfortable home. He is a member of the G. A. R, and of the Baptist Church, also an active Eepublican. BAKBARA A. MARTIN is a native of North Carolina, and was bom December 24, 1828. Her parents emigrated to Morgan County, Ind., where, January 28, 1849, she was united in marriage to Dr. Isaac Martin, a native of Monroe (bounty, who died about 1873, having been the father of nine children, four of whom are living — William A., John M., Mary S. (Mrs. Russell) and James L. The parents of Dr. Martin were early settlers of Monroe County, and had traded considerably with the Indians. Mart A. Milleh, one of the oldest settlers of Morgan County, was born in North Carolina, January, 1800, a daughter of Robert and Catherine (Troutman) Warren, also natives of North Carolina. Oar sub- ject was married to John W. Miller, a wagon-maker, who afterward abandoned his trade and became a farmer. Their union was made happy by eleven children — Robert A. (who perished in the late war), John M., Catherine E. (Mrs. Masley), Barbara A. (Mrs. Martin), Susan (deceased), Betsy L. (deceased), Henry W. (died in the late war), Mary A. (Mrs. Harvey), Peter C, Zelny (deceased), and Eliza A. (Mrs. Hickson). Mr. and Mrs. Miller moved to Morgan County about 47 years ago and pur- chased land on White River bottoms, but afterward moved to the hills. Mr. Miller was about one year older than she, and died about 1869, hav- ing cleared a good farm. Mrs. Miller owns 220 acres of good land, with a comfortable house and productive orchard. Mr. Miller was a member of the Baptist Church, as has been Mrs. Miller for nearlv fi.fty years. SARAH C. REGESTER is a native of Monroe County, Ohio, was born December 30, 1843, and is the fifth of the seven children of Thomas and Catherine (Lewis) Gray, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and both of English extraction. The father of our subject was a Quaker, and shortly subsequent to his marriage, moved to Harrisville, 368 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Ohio, where he labored as a tanner, and a few years later purchased a farm in Harrison County, whither he moved, and on which he resided for about fifteen years. While there a reward of $2,000 was offered for his and one of his neighbor's heads, in consequence of advocating the anti-slavery movement. He was counseled to remain on this side of the slavery line, but, being a man of strong determination, gave no heed thereto, remarking that, were he slain, a thousand would rise in his place. And so he removed to -Jay County, Ind., about 1858, where he purchased a farm, remaining until his departure for Iowa, where he and his wife are now living v/ith a daughter. Mrs. Sarah Regester has been twice married — first to John Sumption, with a gift of three children — Mary E. (Mrs. Bobbins), Eva I. and Mercy Ann (Mrs. Rice). Mr. Sumption died December 21, 1865. Her second marriage, November 11, 1869, was to Robert Regester, with an issue of one child — John F. When alive, Mr. Regester was in the hotel business in Jay County, and died Sep- tember 16, 1881. In 1882, with her two children, she removed to Mor- gan County and purchased 76 acres, for the purpose of cultivating fruit and having a congenial home. She is a member of the Methodist Epis ■ copal Church. JOHN H. THOMAS was born in Spencer, Ind., December 13, 1840, and is the seventh of the thirteen children of Alvin atid Jane (Christison) Thomas, natives of Kentucky, and of Irish descent. John H. Thomas was bred to the farming profession, but received little education, inas- much as his father died when he was eleven years old, and his services were required to assist the family. July 6, 186l, he enlisted in Company D, Twenty-first Regiment Indiana Volunteers, in which he was engaged at Baton Rouge, where he was wounded in the left thigh, and at the siege of Port Hudson. In consequence of his wound he was discharged June, 1864. December 5, 1869, he married N. Frances, daughter of James M. and Elizabeth Campbell, which union was followed by seven children — Nettie, James Madison, Cynthia, Mary, Bessie, John A. and Jane. Mr. Thomas is the proprietor of 102 acres of good farming land, which is well stocked, cultivated and improved, and containing a good dwelling house. He is a strong Republican in political faith, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. E. M. WAMPLER, farmer and stock-raiser, was born August 26, 1853, in Monroe County, Ind., and is the sixth of the ten children of An- drew and Margaret (Cowden) Wampler, natives of Virginia, and of Ger- man descent. Our subject was reared a farmer, yet received some educa, tion from the public schools. When of age, ha went to McLean County, 111. , and thence to Daviess County, Ind. , where he remained fifteen months, and then returned to Monroe County to engage in farming. April 12, 1877, he married Mollie, daughter of Madison and Elizabeth Huston. To this union were born four children — Homer M. , Lora Estella, James C. and Maud E. Since his marriage, Mr. Wampler has farmed in this county, first on rented land, and moved to his present place in 1881; this comprises 256 acres, all in good cultivation and improvement, with valu- able stock and a fine orchard. Mr. Wampler is a promising young man and a Democrat in political views. ABRAHAM WEAVER, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of this township, was born November 21, 1830, and is the fourth of the five children born to John and Elizabeth (Davis) Weaver, natives of Wythe County, Va., and of German and English descent respectively, who came BAKEK TOWNSHIP. 369 to Indiana in 1830 and entered land in Monroe County. Abraham was reared on a farm, attended school but a short time, working closely for his father. November 5, 1857, he married Mary Jane, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Languell, a union which was followed by four children — Cyrus, John T., Henry Washington Halleck and George' Mc- Clelland. Mrs. "Weaver died September 13, 1865, and December 12, 1866, he wedded Nancy S., daughter of David and Eliza (McCown) Allen. To this union were bom three children — James S., Daniel Vorhees (deceased) and Albert Homer. Mr. Weaver has taken two degrees in Masonry. He has 400 acres of excellent land, which is under fine cultivation and well stocked; also improved by a comfortable residence. Mr. Weaver has been generally successful, having lost $6,000 by misplaced confidence. In politics, he is a Democrat. HENRY W. H. WEAVER, an enterprising young farmer and stock- raiser, is a native of this township, was born September 8, 1862, and is the third of the seven children of Abe and Mary A. (Languell) Weaver, natives respectively of Virginia and Indiana, and both of Dutch descent. Henry was bred to the independent profession of agriculture, and obtained the rudiments of an education at the public schools. November 13, 1881, he married Miss Matilda, daughter Of Stephen and Ellen (Loller) Bolin, natives of the State of Indiana. Mr. Weaver is the owner of forty acres of timber land in Monroe County. He is a much- esteemed young gentle- man, a Democrat in political classification, and a promising farmer. JOHN C. WILSON, farmer, is a native of Owen County, Ind., was born January 24, 1841, and is the. second of the four children of Thomas and Orphy Wilsbn, natives respectively of Kentucky and North Carolina, and of German and Irish extraction. John C. labored on the home farm during summer, and attended subscription school during winter. His father was one of the early settlers of Monroe County, who there entered land, and afterward moved to Owen County, where he entered 300 acres near Gosport, and where he died May 24, 1883, aged eighty-six years. He had also entered about 1,000 acres in Jasper County, 111., which he bestowed among his children. May, 1861, our subject married Catherine, daughter of Jefferson and Sarah Parr, a union cemented by seven chil- dren, five of whom are living — Albert J., Frances (Mrs. Hodges), Joseph P., Thomas O. and John Otto. During the war, Mr. Wilson enlisted in Company F, Twenty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until July, 1865, when he returned to his home farm and remained until Octo- ber, 1879, when he removed to his present abode. Mrs. Wilson died January, 1880, and on September 13 he married Mrs. Guy. Mr. Wilson owns 365 acres of fruitful land, on which has been found a vein of gold, yielding $300 to the ton, becoming richer as descent is made. His farm is well improved, cultivated and valuable, bearing some of the largest, poplar and tulip trees in the State, one so large as to admit of a vehicle, hors^ and driver when hollowed out. He and wife are members of the Christian Church. HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. BY WBSTON A. GO0D8PEED. T SETTLEMENT, ORGANIZATION, ETC THE INDIAN OCCUPANCY. HE territory now comprising the county of Monroe was formerly the undisputed domain of the Miamis. This is also true of all of Indiana. At the treaty of Greenville, Ohio, in 1795, Little Turtle, or Mish-e-ken- o-quah, the head chief of the Miamis, and one of the most intelligent and renowned aboriginal Americans of any tribe, that ever lived, stated to the Government Commissioners that the Miamis formerly owned all the territory within the following bounds : From Detroit south to ' the Scioto River and down the same to the Ohio, thence down , the Ohio to the mouth of the Wabash, thence up the same to near Covington, thence north to Lake Michigan, thence east to Detroit. Immediately after the Revolutionary war, the efforts to colonize the lands west of the Atlantic coast were so extensive and persistent that the natives inhabiting those regions were forced slowly back into the wilderness upon the territory of their Western brethren, and thus the broad domain of the Miamis was invaded by homeless natives of various tribes, who were given tracts of territory upon which to hunt and live. At what time the Delawares, Shawanees, Wyandots, Pottawatomies, Piankeshaws, Weas, Kickapoos, etc., gained a footing upon the soil of Indiana cannot be stated with certainty, but there seems to be no doubt that Little Turtle stated the truth when he claimed all of the above bounded territory as the former domain of his people — the Miamis. It is possible that some of the tribes named above occupied portions of Indiana before the Revolutionary war. The former home of the Delawares was on the Delaware River, and later in Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio, and still later in Indiana. The original home of the Wyandots was in Canada, and later in Michi- gan and Northern Ohio, and still later in Southern Indiana. , The Shawanees were of Southern origin, and were wanderers, but finally were given a home in Southeastern Indiana, and also a section of country on the Wabash about La Fayette. The Pottawatomies seem to have owned territory in Northern Illinois and Southern Wisconsin, and to have gained from the Miamis at some early period by invasion or conquest much of the land of Indiana north of the Wabash. The Weas, Kicka- poos, Piankeshaws and Pecankeeshaws seem to have owned land along the western boundary of the State. At the treaty of Fort Wayne on the 30th of September, 1809, the second article was made to read as fqllows : " The Miamis explicitly acknowledge the equal right of the Delawares 372 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. with themselves to the country watered by the White River. But it is also to be clearly understood that neither party shall have the right of disposing of the same without the consent of the others, and any im- provements which shall be made on the said land by the Delawares, or their friends, the Moheuans, shall be theirs forever." As to the territory of Monroe County, it seems to have been on the boundary between the land of the Delawares and that of the Piankeshaws and Pecankeeshaws, so that it was the home and hunting ground of the three tribes as well as the Miamis. INDIAN CESSION TREATIES. The territory now composing the county of Monroe was not obtained from the Indians wholly at one time. The old Indian boundary which extends from near Gosport in a southeasterly direction, leaving the county at Section 26, Benton Township, divides two important Indian cessions. The territory of Monroe County south of that boundary was part of Harrison's Purchase, obtained from the Indians by the treaty of Fort Wayne, September 30, 1809 ; and all of Monroe County above that boundary was part of the New Purchase, obtained from the Indians by the treaty at St. Mary's, Ohio, October 2 to 6, 1818. As Monroe County was organized before the last-named treaty was effected, it will be seen that all of the present county north of the Indian boundary was not at first a part of the county. The exact boundary of the county when first formed will be seen from the act creating the county, quoted entire a few pages in advance. I'HE SURVEY AND FIRST ENTRIES OF LAND. The survey of all the lands of Monroe County lying south of the old Indian boundary occurred in the autumn of 1812, Arthur Henrie and William Harris being the surveyors. All of the county north of the Indian boundary was surveyed in 1819 by Thomas Brown and J. Hedges. Although that portion south of the old boundary was surveyed in 1812, the land was not thrown into market until 1816, at which many entries were made, the following being a complete list for that year : In Town- ship 7 north, Range 2 west: William Bigger, Richard Beam, John Kutch, Isaac Withers, John M. Sadler, Archibald Wood, William King, John Storm, Elzy Woodward and Henry Speed. In Township 7 north, Range 1 west: Henry Burkhart, Thomas Grimes, William Anderson, Bartlett Woodward, Adam Darling, Robert Fields, Roult & Brenton, William Bigger, Fetters & Hughes, George Buskirk, George Paul, John Musser, Michael Buskirk, John Vanderoot, Michael Harvey, Jacob Mumma, Jonathan Lindley, John Durham, Samuel Caldwell, John White, William Carl and William Craig. Township 8 north, Range 2 west: Arthur Patterson, Wright & Morgan, Jacob Cutler, William Wright, David Sears, James Parks, James Matlock, John Cutler, John Allen, Jonathan Rains, John Carr, John W. Lee, James Borland, Michael Wood, David Matlock, John Collins, Joseph Berry, William Wilson, William Newcomb, John Harvey, Jonathan Nichols, Solomon Green, Levin Lawrence, Adam Bower, John Briscoe, Jesse Tarkington, Thomas McCrang, Josiah Jackson, John Johnson and Joseph Richard- son. Township 9 north. Range 1 west : John Ketchum, Henry HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 373 Wampler, Thomas Smith, James Matlock, William Julien, William J. Adair, John Kell, C. and F. Bullett, John Owens, Daniel Stout, Samuel Caldwell, Roderick Rollins, Joseph Taylor, David Raymond, Jacob Ben- derback, Eleazer Dagget, James Borland, Gideon . Frisbee, John Lee, William Matlock, Samuel Camphreys, Thomas Graham, Abraham Ap- pier, Chris Esling, George Ritchey, George Hedrick, David Rogers, Henry Rogers, John Thompson, Wheeler Mallett, Samuel Scott, Nich- olas Fleener, William Jackson, John Jackson and Thomas Heady. Township 9 north, Range 2 west : Joseph Evans, Asa Osborn, Lewis Noel, Jonathan Gilbert, George Cutler, George Sharp, James Goodwin, Joseph Harris, Ambrose Carlton, John Simons, John Gordon, John McCormlck, William Thornton, Abel Bigelow, David Johnson, John FuUen, William Baker, David Sears, Samuel Zunicks, William Oliver, Thomas Hodges and Benjamin Johnson. Township 10 north. Range 2 west : John Fullen about all of Section 4, Abner Evans, Archibald Wood, Jonathan Gilbert, C. & F. Bullett, Fettus & Hughes, John Mc- Cormick, Julius Woodward, William Milliken, William Kelso, John Bigger, Samuel Jennings, nearly all of whom entered several hundred acres each. No entry was made before September, 1816, and during the remainder of that year entries were only made west of the meridian line and south of the old Indian boundary. These entries were all in the present towj^ships of Clear Creek, Indian Creek, Van Buren, Richland, Bloomington and Bean Blossom. Several tracts were purchased by speculators, but the greater number passed to actual residents or to those who became actual residents. An Act fok the Formation of Monroe County out of the County of Orange: Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembh/ of the State of Indiana^ That from and after the 10th day of April next, all that part of the county of Orange inclosed in the following bounds shall form and constitute a new county: Beginning on the line of Orange and Jackson Counties where the line dividing Townships 6 and 7 crosses the same ; thence west with the last mentioned line to the line dividing Ranges 2 and 3 west of the Second Principal Meridian; thence north with said range line to the Indian boundary ; thence southeaitwardly with said boundary to the line of Orange and Jackson Counties ; thencs south with the same to the beginning ^to be known and designated by the name and style of the county of Monroe. And the said county of Monroe shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and jurisdictions which to separate counties do or may properly belong or appertain. Sec 2. John Penicks and Jonathan Jones, of Orange County; Daniel Connor, of Daviess County; David Fouts, of Washington County, and Samuel Burcham,'of Jackson County, be, and they are hereby appointed Commissioners for the purpose of fixins: the permanent seat of justice in Monroe County, agreeably to an act of Assembly entitled "An act fixing the seat of justice in all new counties hereafter laid off." The Commis- sioners above named shall convene at the house of Abner Blair, of said new county, on the first Monday of April next, and then proceed to discharge the duties assigned them by law. Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the Sheriff of said new county to notify the above- named Commissioners, either in person or by writing, of their said appointments and of the time and place at which they are required by this act to meet, at least six days pre- vious to the day appointed for their meeting, and the said Sheriff shall be allowed a reasonable compensation for his services out of the first money in the treasury of the said county of Monroe to be paid as the county claims usually are. Sec. 4. The Board of County Commissioners of said new county shall, within twelve months after the permanent seat of justice shall have been established, proceed to erect the necessary public buildings thereon. Sec. 5. Until suitable accommodations can be had (in the opinion of the Circuit Court) at the seat of justice for said county, all the courts which by law become necessary to be held at the county seat shall be holdeu at the house of Abner Blair aforesaid, or at 374 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. any other place in the same neighborhood to which the Circuit Court may, for the purpose of getting better accommodations, think proper to adjourn, after which time the said courts shall be adjourned to the seat of justice established as aforesaid. Sec 6. The agent to be appointed for the county of Monroe shall reserve in his hands ten per centum out of the net proceeds of the sales of lots, which may be made at the seat of justice of said county for the use of a county library, which sum or sums of money so reserved shall be paid by said agent or his successot* in office over to such per- son or persons as may be authorized to receive the same, in such manner and with such installments as may be directed by law. This act to take effect from and after its publi- cation in print. Approved January 14, 1818. In accordance with the provisions of this enactment, the machinery of the county was immediately put in running order. An election was ordered held under the supervision of the Sheriff, John W. Lee, appointed by the Governor, for the necessary county oflBcers. Bartlett Woodward, Michael Buskirk and James Parks were elected County Commissioners ; William Lowe, County Clerk and Auditor; Chesley Bailey, Recorder; Joseph Berry and Lewis Noel, Associate Judges. The details of this election cannot be given, as the tally-sheets were not preserved. The election took place early in 1818. The house of Abner Blair was the first court house, but Bloomington was immediately laid out and a log court house built. The Commissioners appointed by the Legislature to locate the county seat met, deliberated, and finally submitted the follow- ing report to the first County Board : To THE HONOKABLE BoARD OP COMMISSIONEBS FOB THE CoUNTY OF MoNKOE : We, the undersigned Commissioners, appointed by an act of the last General Assembly, for fixing the pemanent seat of justice in and for said county, having met agreeable to the above recited act, and after being duly sworn, proceeded to business as the law directs in such cases, to receive donations from persons dffering lands to fix the county seat on, and after examining the same and taking into contemplation the future as well as the present weight of population, together with additions and divisions that may take place hereafter, do agree that Ihe southwest quarter of Section 33, in Range 1 west. Township 9 north, is the most eligible and convenient place for the permanent seat of iustice for said counly, and have accordingly purchased the same of D. Rogers, at $1,200; also have purchased 150 acres out of the northeast quarter of Section 32, of Robertson Graham, for $900, in the same range and township above mentioned, the said Robertson reserving the balance of the above described quarter section of land to himself in the northeast corner of said quarter section of land, beginning at the northeast corner and running south twenty poles, thence west eighty poles, thence north twenty poles, containing ten acres. Given under our hands and seals this 11th day of April, 1818. David Fouts, "| Samuel Buhcham, I Locating Com- JoNATHAN Jones, | muaionera. John Pernicks, I THE BOARD DOING COUNTY BUSINESS. The first meeting of the Commissioners of Monroe County was held at the house of Abner Blair on the 10th of April, 1818. The Commis- sioners were Bartlett Woodward, Michael Buskirk and James Parks, the time which each was to serve being determined by the comparative num- ber of votes polled for them. Mr. Woodward received the highest num- ber of votes, and was to serve three years : Mr. Buskirk the next highest, and was to serve two years ; and Mr. Parks, the lowest, and was to serve one year. The first official act was the appointment of William Lowe County Clerk, pro tempore, and the second was the appointment of Capt. James Bigger as Lister or Assessor of the county for the year 1818, his HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 375 bond being fixed at $1,500. Roderick Rawlings was then appointed County Treasurer, and required to give bond in the sum of $20,000. On the second day of this first session, the board adopted a temporary county seal, which was simply a scrawl inclosing the words, " Temporary seal of Monroe County." William Millikan was appointed Superintend- ent of the sixteenth section in Township 10 north. Range 2 west ; George Parks the same in Township 9 north. Range 2 west ; William Newcomb the same in Township 8 north, Range 2 west ; James Wright, the same in Township 7 north, Range 2 west ; John Storm, the same in Township 7 north. Range 1 west ; William Matlock the same in Township 9 north, Range 1 west. Benjamin Parks was appointed County Agent, with bond at $20,000. By order of the board the county seat was to be known as Bloomington. The Commissioners who had been appointed by the General Assembly to fix the county seat of Monroe County were ordered paid as follows: David Fonts, $33; John Pernicks, $30 ; Jonathan Jones, $30 ; Samuel Burcham, $30. The first petition for a county road came from William Hardin and others, and was to extend from Bloomington to Scott's Ferry on Salt Creek, and thence to the Lawrence County line. William Jackson, John Scott and William Craig were appointed Viewers. This road was ordered built and was the first constructed wholly at the expense of the county. The town of Bloomington was then ordered laid off, the County Agent to have exclusive management. On the third day of this first session a double-log court house was ordered built for the temporary use of the county, an account of which will be found else- where. On this day the first grand jurors of Monroe County were selected as follows : Dudley Carl, William Chambers, David Chambers, John Scott, John Mercer, Thomas Grimes, John Berry, William New- comb, Jesse Tarkginton, Solomon Green, Jonathan Nichols, George Sharp, William Milliken, George Parks Sen., Coleman Puitt, Eli Lee, William Hardin and Henry Wampler. ' The Sheriff in attendance, John W. Lee, was ordered to notify the above men to meet for action at the house of Abner Blair. The tfaverse jury was then selected as fol- lows : William Matlock, George Birdrick, John Thompson, Samuel Scott, Thomas Clark, Jonathan Rains, John Storm Jr., John Couch, John Matlock, John Cutler, Joseph Peeshaw, David Sears, Elijah Morgan, James Wright and James Matlock. The first county road above referred to was reported on by the Viewers in May, 1818, and ordered built. Jonathan Rogers, Robert Russell and Samuel Scott were appointed Road Supervisors. The Sheriff', John W. Lee, was paid $18 for notifying the locating Commissioners of their appointments, and was also - paid $7 for making the returns of the first election held in the county. SUBSEQUENT ACTS OP THE COUNTY BOARD. Bloomington was immediately laid off, and the lots were offered for sale at public auction. A full report of these sales will be found in the chapter on the town. The proceeds from the sale of lots were the principal source of revenue for a number of years. The board from the first were forced to issue orders at a discount, which were afterward ordered received for county dues. Wild-cat bank issues were the only paper money then, and almost every early report of the Treasurer shows 376 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. an entry to his credit of certain per centum of depreciation on the bank bills in his possession. The holder of a bank bill in those days was not sure that the next morning would not find his bill greatly de- preciated in value, if not absolutely worthless. What a contrast with the excellent stable paper currency of the present. Capt. James Bigger, County Lister, was ordered paid $32 for his services. A tax of 37J cents was levied on each horse ; 50 cents on each 100 acres of first-class land ; 43f cents on each 100 acres of second-class land ; and 25 cents on each 100 acres of third-class land. In February, 1819, the board fixed store license at $7.50 in Blooming- ton, and at $5 in the country. They also, curiously enough, fixed the charges of tavern keepers as follows : 25 cents for breakfast ; 25 cents for dinner ; 18f cents for supper ; lodging 6 J cents ; corn or oats, per gallon, 12J cents ; horse at fodder or hay, 25 cents ; one-half pint of whisky, 12J cents ; one-half pint of brandy, 18| cents ; one-half pint of rum or French brandy, 375- cents ; one-half pint of wine, B7^ cents. We may now smile at the folly of our fathers ; but, after all, are we any wiser or better? The following standard weights and measures were also ordered obtained : A foot measure ; a yard ; a dry bushel of 1,075.2 cubic inches ] a dry half bushel ; a wine gallon of 231 cubic inches ; one set of avordupois weights ; a quart ; a pint, and a half pint. Lewis Noel became Lister in 1820. In August, 1820, Benjamin Parks, County Agent, reported that the total sales and rents of the town lots and other donated lands amounted to the surprising sum of $27,874.58|, with which figures he was charged. He was credited with notes worth $18,360.54 ; with cash paid over, $9,383.73 ; with discounts on bad cur- rency, $98.80 ; balance on hand, $32.61J. This exhibits the rapid growth of Bloomington. In August, 1820, Addison Smith succeeded Benjamin Parks as County Agent. Late in 1820, James Borland succeeded Roderick Rawlins as County Treasurer. Addison Smith was the Census Enumera- tor in 1820. He" was also the Lister for 1821, and C. J. Hand in 1828. Jesse Moore was Lister in 1819. POPULATION OF MONROE COUNTY. In 1820, 2,679; in 1830, 6,577; in 1840, 10,143; in 1850, 11,- 286; in 1860, 12,847; in 1870,14,168; in 1880, 15,876. THE FIRST CIRCUIT COURT OF MONROE COUNTY. The first term of this court was held on the first Monday in June, 1818, at the house of Abner Blair, by Hon. Thomas H. Blake, President . Judge, and Joseph Berry and Lewis Noel, Associate Judges. The first act of the court was the issuance of a writ of ad quod damnum for the ^ benefit of Robert Hamilton to ascertain what damage would be caused by his erection of a grist and saw mill and a dam on his land — on Section 24, Township 8 north. Range 2 west, on Clear Creek. The Sheriff, John W. Lee, was directed to summon twelve fit persons to ascertain the damage. They reported that the land of James Speed would be damaged to the amount of $158. Nothing farther seems to have been done until the September term, at which time the first case came to trial. It was David Teague vs. Leonard Nicholson, trespass on the case for words HISTORY OF MONROE COTINTY. 37T ipoken, damages being laid lat $,000. The attorney for the plaintiff was Addison Smith, and for the defendant John F. Ross. Before suit was begun, the defendant stated that if the plaintiff would desist from farther prosecution he would pay all costs thus far ; which proposition was accepted by the plaintiff, and the defendant was discharged. At this term the court convened at the new log court house in Bloomington. The following men constituted the first grand jury: Jonathan Nichols,. William Anderson, Edward Armstrong, John Treat, David McHolIen, Thomas B, Clark, Abner Blair, Julius Dugger, John Tullen, James Ellege, John Storm, Joseph Cox, Joseph Baugh and Joseph Gilbert. They were sworn, sent out, and soon returned with the following " true bills :" State of Indiana vs. James Green, larceny (stealing a rifled gun owned by John W. Lee). John Law was the Prosecuting Attorney. The defendant pleaded " not guilty " to the charge, and the following first petit jury was impaneled to try the case : Joseph Perisho, John M. Sadler, Isaiah Wright, James Thompson, George Parks Sr., Absalom Morgan, John Wakefield, Solomon , David Scott, Jonathan Gilbert, Granville Ward and John . The evidence was heard and the- jury was sent out. They returned the following verdict : " We of the jury do find the traverser guilty." The defendant's counsel moved an arrest of judgment, which was granted until the next day, upon which occasion the following reasons for an arrest of judgment were filed : " 1. It does not appear upon the record that the jurors sworn to try said cause were good and lawful men. 2. It is bad for uncertainty, as it does not appear that Clear Creek Township is within Monroe County, so as to preclude intendment. 3. It is informal in its conclusion, as it does not conclude in a manner directed by the constitution. 4. The verdict is against law and evidence." The court overruled the motion and rendered judgment as follows : The defendant to pay to John W. Lefr $30, to pay a fine of $30, to pay costs of prosecution, and to stand com- mitted until sentence be complied with. On the second day of the September term, the grand jury returned a bill against Seth Goodwin for assault and battery upon Jacob Leabo. The case was continued until the March (1819) term of the court, at which time Leabo himself was fined $9.50 for an assault. The March term of the court was held by the Hon. Gen. Washington Johnston,. President Judge of the First Judicial Circuit, and Joseph Berry and Lewis Noel, Associates. George R. C. Sullivan was Prosecuting Attor- ney. Seth Goodwin was fined d^ cents for his assault on Leabo. At. this term also came the action of debt, David Teauge vs. William Baker. Teaugehad hired to Baker for $205 to build a mill-dam, mill, etc., but .had failed, as alleged by the plaintiff, to pay all that was due. Suit was dropped, a compromise being effected. The next case w,as G. W. Harden vs. William Harden on a debt of $487.50 with interest, which amount was recovered by the plaintiff. At the June term, 1819, the Hon. Jonathan Doty, President Judge, held court, assisted by the above- named Associates. THE FIRST PROBATE COURT OF MONROE COUNTY. The first court of this character was held at Bloomington on the 31st. 378 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. day of August, 1818, by Joseph Berry and Lewis Noel, Associate Judges. The first act was as follows : On motion of Eli Lee, it was " ordered that William Dorsey, infant son of Joseph Dorsey (deceased) and Sarah Dor- sey, born January 24, 1811, be bound unto Eli Lee and Sarah Lee until he arrives at the age of twenty one years, to learn the art of agriculture; whereupon the said Eli Lee and Sarah Lee, together with William , their security, entered into bond in the penal sum of $500, conditioned that the said Eli Lee and Sarah Lee learn (teach) him, the said William Dorsey, reading, writing, and arithmetic as far as the rule of three ; and also to find him in wholesome diet, washing, lodging and clothing, and to deal with him in all cases as an apprentice ought to be dealt with, and to find him upon his becoming of age the sum of $10 and a good suit of clothes. At this time also, Dorcas Dorsey, infant daughter of Joseph Dorsey, deceased, was bound out to George Hedrick. This was the only business performed at the first session of the court. In vacation, letters of administration were granted to David Chambers upon the estate of James Sheffield, deceased. At the March term, 1819, Lory Loving was granted letters of admin- istration on the estate and last will and testament of John Loving, de- ceased.' At this term, David Chambers, administrater of the estate of John Henson, deceased, returned the following inventory of the sales of such estate : One kettle, 50 cents ; one kettle, $3 ; one kettle, $3 ; one pot, $2.75; one pot, $2.62^; fire dogs, $2; one shovel, 62|^ cents; one plow (spelled plough), $4.40 ; leather, $1 ; leather, $1 ; one steel trap, $3 ; one plate, $1.25; three hoes, 50 cents; one basket, 31 J cents; one churn, 6^ cents; one cutting knife, $1.66J; smith tools, $5.87J ; one curry comb, 54 cents ; one ladle, 12 J cents ; one reeler, 21 cents ; one pair of steelyards, $2.36|-; two chairs, 62 J cents; three pair of cards; 50 cents; sheep shears, 52 cents; tobacco, $2.82 ; one keg, 46 cents; one barrel, 75 cents; one note, $20.25; one note, $2.25; one hackle, $4; one reed and gears, $1.18f ; one reed and gears, 50 cents ; total, . This list is given here to show what personal property our grandparents possessed. It will not bear close inspection under the crit- ical and aristocratic eye of the present generation, but it is an honest record that speaks in volumes of the self-denial of early times. "Let not ambition mock their useful toil — Their homely, joys and destiuy obscure — Nor grandeur hear with a. disdainful smile, The short and simple annals of the poor." ERECTION OF TOWNSHIPS. At the first session of the Commissioners, the following townships were laid off: Bloomington Township — Beginning at the corner of Sec- tions 18 and 19, where they intersect the line dividing Ranges 1 and 2 west ; thence north on said range line to the boundary line ; thence south- east with said line to where the Jackson line intersects the same ; thence south of the Jackson line to the middle of fractional Township 8 ; thence through the middle of Township 8 to the place of beginning. Beanblos- fiom Township — Beginning on the line dividing Ranges 1 and 2 west, at the corner of Sections 18 and 14, where they intersect the same ; thence HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 379 north on said line to the boundary line ; thence northwest on the bound- ary line to the northwest corner of Monroe County ; thence south on Daviess County line to the middle of Township 8 ; thence through the middle of said town to the place of beginning. Indian Creek Township — Beginning at the corner of Beanblossom and Bloomington Townships, on the line dividing Ranges 1 and 2 west ; then south on said line to the Lawrence County line; thence west on said line to where it intersects the county line of Daviess ; thence north on said line to the corner of Bean- blossom Township ; thence on the line of the last-mentioned township to the place of beginning. Clear Creek Township — Beginning at the cor- ner of the townships interlocked on the line dividing Ranges 1 and 2 west ; thence south on said line to the county line of Lawrence ; thence east on said line to where it intersects the Jackson County line ; thence north on said line to the corner of Bloomington Township ; thence on the last-mentioned line to the place of beginning. Granville Ward was ap- pointed Inspector of Elections in Bloomington Township ; John Cutler, same in Beanblossom Township ; James Trotter, same in Indian Creek ; and John Storm, same in Clear Creek. Elections were ordered held in the above townships on the 9th of May for two Justices of the Peace in each, the elections to be held at the following places : Bloomington Town- ship, at the house of David Rogers ; Beanblossom Township, at the house of Coleman Peets ; Indian Creek, at the house of John Berry ; Clear Creek, at the house of Thoriias Graham. In May, 1821, Lamb's Township, in the new purchase, was created as follows : Beginning at the old Indian boundary line, where the line of Township 10 intersects the same; thence east on the line of Town 10 until it intersects the meridian line ; thence north with said line to the southeast corner of Township 13; thence west on the line between Town- ships 12 and 13 until it intersects the said boundary line; thence to the beginning. This township now composes the southwestern portion of Morgan County, and took its name from old man Lamb, who settled in Lamb's Bottom, that county, in 1819, before it was a county. At the same time this township was created. Walnut Creek Township was also erected, with the following boundaries : Beginning at the northeast corner of Lamb's Township on the meridian line ; thence north on said line to the north- west comer of Township 15 north; thence west on the line dividing Townships 15 and 16 until it intersects the boundary line ; thence south- east on said boundary line until it intersects the line of Lamb's Township. This township comprised the northwestern portion of Morgan County. At this time also was created Raccoon Township, with the following bounds : All of Wabash County north of Walnut Creek Township. All this territory had been attached by the Legislature to Monroe County. Reuben FuUen was appointed Inspector for Lamb's Township, and Samuel Rogers the same for Walnut Creek Township. On the 1st day of March, 1825, it was " ordered that a township be laid off in the northeast corner of the county, to be known by the name of Jackson, and designated by the following bounds, to wit : Beginning at the northeast corner of said county, thence west eight miles to the me- ridian line, thence south to the line dividing Townships 8 and 9, thence east eight miles to the county line, thence north on said line to the begin- 24 380 HISTORY OF MONKOE COUNTY. ning." An election was ordered held on the last Saturday of April, 1825, at the house of Banner Brummett, for the purpose of electing a Justice of the Peace, -with Elias Swift, Inspector. A three-mile strip on the west side of Brown County was then a part of Monroe County. In May, 1825, Salt Creek Township was created, as follows: Begin- ning at the southeast corner of said county ; thence west to where the -me- ridian line intersects the same ; thence north on the meridian line to where the corner of Townships 8 and 9 intersect the same ; thence east on the line dividing said Townships 8 and 9 to where the same intersects the county line ; thence south on said line to the place of beginning. Elec- tions were ordered held at the house of Boston Bails. John Pollard and Ezekiel Hendricks were appointed Fence Viewers, and George Todd and Solomon Butcher, Overseers of the Poor, and Henry Kendall, Inspector. In July, 1828, it was ordered that all the territory attached to Monroe County (on the east), by an act of the Legislature of 1827-28, should be attached to the townships of Salt Creek and Jackson, as follows: Begin- ning at a point on the line dividing Townships 7 and 8, Range 3 east, where the line dividing Sections 31 and 32 intersect the same ; thence north to the line dividing Townships 8 and 9 ; thence west to the former county line of Monroe County ; thence south to the line dividing Townships 7 and 8 ; thence east to the place of beginning — such territory to form a part of Salt Creek Township. Also : Beginning at the northeast corner of Salt Creek Township, as above enlarged ; thence north to the line di- viding Johnson and Barthlomew Counties ; thence west to the northeast corner of Monroe County, thence south to the northern boundary of Salt Creek Township, thence east to the place of beginning — such territory should form a part of Jackson Township. It will be observed that the territory thus attached to Salt Creek and Jackson Townships now consti- tutes much of the western half of the present county of Brown. In July, 1829, two new townships were erected, as follows : Wash- ington Township — Beginning at a point on the meridian line between Townships 10 and 11 north ; thence west with said line dividing Townships 10 and 11 aforesaid to the line dividing Ranges 1 and 2 west ; thence south with said line dividing Ranges 1 and 2 aforesaid to main Beanblossom Creek ; thence in an eastern direction with said creek to the meridian line ; thence north with said line to the place of beginning. Richland Town- ship — Beginning at a point where the line dividing Ranges 1 and 2 west intersects the line dividing Townships 9 and 10 north ; thence west with said line last mentioned to the Owen County line ; thence south with said last-mentioned line to a point where the line dividing Sections 18 and 19, in Township 8 north. Range 2 west, intersect the same ; thence with said line last mentioned to the range line dividing Ranges 1 and 2 west ; thence with said range line to the place of beginning. The elections for Washington Township were ordered held at the house of John Scott, with Daniel Ray, Inspector. Those in Richland Township were ordered held in the house of William D. Shrevies, with James Parks, Inspector. At the January term, 1880, it was ordered " that all territory attached by legislative enactment to the county of Monroe subsequent to the orig- inal formation of townships therein be and it is hereby attached to and included and shall compose parts of the said townships in the following HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 381 manner : By extending the boundary lines of the townships which run in a 'direction perpendicular to the county boundary entirely thereto, and thereby attaching to the respective townships all such territory as lies ad- joining thereto." In May, 1830, pursuant to a petition signed' by seventy- one resident citizens, the township of Perry was ordered erected, with the following boundary : Beginning at the line dividing Sections 12 and 13, Township 8 north, Range 1 west ; thence west along said line to the west line of said Township 8 north, Range 1 west ; thence south to the line dividing Sections 6 and 7, Township 7 north, Range 1 west ; thence east on said line to the east line of the last-named township ; thence north on the east- ern line of said township to the place of beginning. An election was ordered held on the 26th of May, 1830, at the house of Benjamin Kenton (the old Clearwater place), for two Justices of the Peace, Mr. Kenton to serve as Inspector. Jesse Davis and George A. Ritter were appointed Overseers of the Poor; Solomon Butcher and Finney Courtney, Fence Viewers. In May, 1833 upon petition of Jacob Romans and others, Jackson Township was divided, and Benton Township was organized from a part thereof, as follows : Jackson to be divided into two portions by the line dividing Ranges 1 and 2 east, the eastern portion to retain the name of Jackson, and the western portion to be known as " Benton Township, in honor of Thomas H. Benton, United States Senator from Missouri." An election of a Justice of the Peace was ordered held in the new township on the last Saturday in September, 1838, at the house of John Young. In March, 1837, in pursuance of a petition from the citizens in- terested, the County Board ordered the creation of a new township to be known as Van Buren, to comprise all and no more of Congressional Township 8 north. Range 2 west. An election of a Justice of the Peace was ordered held on the 3d of April, 1837, at the house of Conrad , who was appointed Inspector. ' In September, 1849, Salt Creek Township was divided and Polk Township created, as follows : Commencing in the bed of Salt Creek on the line dividing Township 7, Range 1 west and Range 1 east ; thence due south on said township line to the south county line ; thence due east to the southeast corner of the county, thence north on the county line to the Muddy Fork of Salt Creek, or where the same crosses the county line ; thence down said stream to the main Salt Creek ; thence down said stream to the place of beginning. An election was ordered held in the new township at he house of John Todd, at Big Springs, with Peter Norman Inspector. Wylie Davar and Samuel Axam were appointed Fence Viewers, and Wylie Davar Constable. TERRITORY ATTACHED TO MONROE COUNTY. By an act of the Legislature, approved December 31, 1821, all of Monroe County lying west of White River was attached to Owen, the second section of the act reading as follows : All that part of Monroe County lying west of White River be and the same is hereby attached to Owen County, and that all suits, pleas, plaints, actions and prosecutions whatsoever, shall be conducted in the same manner as if no change had 382 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. taken place. Section 3 of this act reads as follows : So much of the New Purchase as is contained in the following boundary, to wit : Begin- ning on White River where the line dividing Townships 10 and 11 north crosses the same ; thence east with said line to the corners of Sections 4 and 5, Township 10 north, Range 2 east ; thence south to the Monroe Countv line — shall form and constitute a part of Monroe County. It will be seen that this section attached to the county all of the present county north of the old Indian boundary, together with a strip three miles wide now a part of Brown County. By an act of the Legislature, approved January 16, 1828, the following territory was attached to Monroe County : Beginning at a point on the line dividing Townships 7 and 8, where the line dividing Sections 81 and 32 intersect the same ; thence north with the last-mentioned line to the line dividing the counties of Johnson and Bartholomew ; thence west with said line to the northeast corner of Monroe County ; thence south to the line dividing Townships 7 and 8 ; thence east with the last-mentioned line to the place of beginning. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The first courts assembled in the house of Abner Blair, but at the first session of the County Board a double log cabin was ordered erected on the public square without delay, to be used for court purposes until a better one was built. It was called the "temporary court house." The order was issued on the third day of the first session. The double cabins were to be 20x20 feet and 12x20 feet respectively, were to be ten feet apart with covered entry connecting the two — in fact, the two cabins and the entry were to be covered by one roof. The cabins were to be built of round logs, which were afterward to be hewed down. Each was to be ten feet high to the eaves, and each was to contain one door and one window. A few slight changes were made to this plan, but in the main the double building has been described. Samuel Elliott was the con- tractor, but the contract price cannot be stated, though it did not exceed about $400. Mr. Elliott also contracted to clear the trees from around the new court house, which he did. So rapidly was the work pushed, that the building was ready for use in August, 1818. In October, 1818, preparations were made to build a county jail. Roderick Rawlins was authorized to draft the plan. It was to be built of oak timber a foot thick, was to stand north of the court house, was to be 30x20 feet, was to have a dungeon and a criminal's room, and a jailer's room was to be built on the east side. Roderick Rawlins took the con- tract. The building as described was soon completed. John Woodward built a stray-pen for the town, and was paid $23 for the job. James Smith made a set of chairs for the court house. Joel Woodward, John Mercer and others dug a well on th^ public square. Early in 1819, a contract was called for to inclose the public square with a substantial fence, but the work was postponed. In February, 1819, preparations were made to build a permanent and substantial court house. The plan prepared by William Low stated that the building was to be of brick with a stone foundation, was to be two stories high, and was to be forty-five feet long, east and west and forty feet wide, north and south. In May, 1819, Robert StalTord took the HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 383 contract, but as he could not give security at the price of his bond — $20,- 000 — the contract was re-let to John Ketchum for $7,965. The work was begun in June, and in August the first installment of $1,000 was paid the contractor. It was at this time that posts and railings were erected around the temporary court house. Samuel Harryman was one of the brick-makers for the new court house. In February, 1820, Raw- lins, County Treasurer, donated certain commissions due him on receipts from the sale of town lots, provided such donation was used in the pur- chase of a public clock for the temporary court house. His offer was accepted. In 1820, David Teauge finished clearing the timber from the public square for $24. In February, 1820, some important changes were made in the plan of the new court house. At this time, the county jail was reported finished, but a committee appointed to examine the work found that the debtors' room was incomplete, and David H. Max- well was employed to remedy the work. So the old jail had a debtors' room, and that, too, in Bloomington, only sixty years ago ! Well, no wonder; one could be happily utilized now, when men refuse or neglect to pay for their county histories. Enos Blair was the first jailer. In Au- gust, 1821, Mr. Ketchum was paid $4,000 on his court house contract. At this time, the rough work of the building had been completed. David Armstrong was hired to build a " cubola " (as the county clerk wrote it) on the building. For the three years prior to December, 1822, the clerk's office was in the house of Jacob B. Lowe. He was ordered paid $60 for the rent. It was a long time before the court house was fully completed. Just why, cannot be certainly stated, but probably because the county board paid the contractor before the work was completed, whereupon he permitted the work to languish. In 1824, Edward Borland was paid $352.70 for extra woodwork on the building, and David Arm- strong $1,505.20. Benjamin Neeld was also paid $24, and others, $81. Mr. Ketchum was not paid his full contract price. The building was not fiiUy completed, outside and inside, until 1826. It cost about $8,300. The board had great trouble about a "Franklin rod," which they consid- ered necessary for the safety of the building. Austin Seward was hired to paint the building a bright red, and then pencil it with white, and to have the work completed before September, 1826. In 1825, Samuel Dunning took the contract to build a combined clerk's office and county library room, which he did before November. Seward painted it. The public square was fenced at this time. Z. Williaims did the wood work on the clerk's office. Ewing & Montgomery did the plastering. In May, 1826, the building was occupied. Mr. Z. Williams was delivered the key to the court house, and instructed to keep it locked, permitting it to be occupied only by the courts. County Commissioners, taking of depositions. Fourth of July celebrations, elections, '"when any person shall want admittance for the purpose of acquiring architectural knowl- edge, and in the discretion of the keeper to any preacher of the Gospel." When the building was fully completed, it was turned over with all its architectural excellence to the county board. And it was a fine building for that day, and Bloomington was one of the most promising towns in the State. In March, 1827, the citizens petitioned the County Board as follows: " To the Honorable Board of Justices of Monroe County: The 384 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. undersigned petitioners respectfully represent that they conceive that the honor of our county and the future interest and importance of Blooming- ton, which now ranks among the best villages in the State, imperiously requires that the court house should be surrounded by a permanent in- closure, which would add to the convenience and beauty of our public square, and at the same time hold forth a powerful inducement to the cit- izens of the town to make corresponding improvements in the streets and alleys." Then followed a long suggestion as to how the fence should be built — of brick, with a stone foundation. The prayer of the petitioners was granted by the County Board. The petitioners were Thomas Graham, William Alexander, Edward Borland, John Hight, George Henry, James Whitcomb, Edmund Wayman, Granville Ward, Richard Hardesty, Will- iam S. Wright, James Slocumb, Robinson Farmer, George H. Johnson, Frederick Butler, Jacob Harsh, John S. Barnes, " and others." William Bannister and John Robinson did the work on the inclosure. John Ketchum, the contractor of the court house, was not fully settled with until 1828 or 1829. In 1856-58, the court house was remodeled, the work being done under the contract of John F. Rogers, who built the two brick wings at a cost of about $7,000. A few other alterations have been made in the building, otherwise it is the same that was erected over sixty years ago, and is apparently as solid and substantial as the day it was completed. In 1837, the County Board concluded to build a new jail and ap- pointed John Bowland, F. T. Butler, William S. Wright, Samuel Hardesty, Joseph Baugh and John W. Lee, a committee to remove the old jail and build on the same lot a new one. The contract was awarded to Hardesty, Graham & Chapman, but the contract price cannot be given. The construction seems to have been delayed somewhat, from what cause cannot be stated. The building was a strong brick structure and cost in the whole about $5,000. It was not fully completed until early in the forties. There was talk of building another jail as early as 1856, but nothing definite was done until 1869, when bids were called for for a combined jail and SherifiF's residence. The following bids were received. George Finley & Co., all the stone work $ 6,998. J. L. Farman, cut stone, all the stone work 6,387. C. A. Nichols, rubble and cut-stone work 10,071. A. C. Halstead, cut stone work 5,500. The proposal of Finley & Co. being considered the best was accepted. Adams & Denton bid in the brick work for $4,000. James Small was appointed superintendent of the work. The prison was to be 34x41 feet; the residence 20x44 feet, and the kitchen and guard room 14x33 feet, stone foundation and walls of brick. The building was constructed according to contract, and is yet in use. COUNTY POLITICS. Unfortunately, owing to the fact that the election returns were not preserved in the oflSce of the County Clerk, the details of the early elec- tions in the county cannot be given. One thing is certain, however, that the county was uniformly Democratic. If any innovation was made in this rule by any other party, such fact is no longer remembered. Reference is made to the ticket in general. It was no doubt occasionally HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 385 the case that a rival candidate on an opposing party ticket sometimes stepped in by reason of some local sentiment or prejudice. But the Democratic ticket as a whole was invariably elected. But little attention was paid to national political questions until the memorable Presidential campaign of 1840, Indiana came forward with her idol, William Henry Harrison, and the new West united forces and means to elect him. An important feature of the election was the newly born prejudice existing between the eastern and western portions of the country. The log cabins and hard cider of " Injiana " were the butt for Eastern ridicule, but the friends of Mr. Harrison accepting the terms conducted the campaign with a rush that was never before known in the history of the nation. At every political gathering of the Whigs barrels of hard cider and miniature log cabins were the battle cries. Gen. Harrison's military record was the pride of his friends, and another battle cry was "Tippeca- noe and Tyler too." A famous political song of that campaign, set to the air of " Rosin the Bow," was sung on all occasions. One verse was as follows : ' 'And if we get any ways thirsty, I'll tell you what we can all do; We'll bring down a keg of hard cider And drink to ' Old Tippecanoe.' " Huge canoes were hauled around on wagons at the political meetings to advertise the claims of Gen. Harrison to the suffrages of the people. The campaign in Monroe County was quite spirited, and meetings were held everywhere. The result of this election can be givert of only three townships, as follows : November, 1840. DKMOCBATIC. WHIG. Van Buren Harrison and and Johnson Tyler. Bloomington 587 541 Salt Creek 11 BeanBlossom 117 50 Totals 715 591 Although this is only a partial vote of the county, it illustrates the Democratic strength, and may be taken as a measure in degree of the full vote. Mr. Harrison was triumphantly elected and the East was for the first time compelled to bow to the wild West. The county of Monroe did not cut much of a figure in the general result, but she fully established her claims to an unfailing Democratic majority. Slavery began to attract national attention about this time. Anti-slavery or- ganizations sprang up in various portions of the North, and the struggle for an increase or a decrease of slave territory began to assume violence as the territories clamored for admission into the Union. As the Presi- dential campaign of 1844 approached, it became apparent that Texas, which had gained her independence of Mexico a few years before, would apply for admission into the Union. The South was gratified, as that meant an increase of slave territory ; but on the other hand the North deter- mined if possible to prevent the admission of the territory in order to limit the domain of slavery. The Democcats put forward James K. Polk, and the Whigs, Henry Clay. Considerable activity was developed 386 HISTORV OF MONROE COUNTY. in Monroe County during the campaign. The result of the election was as follows : November, 1844. i BEMOORATIO. WHIG. Polk Clay and and Dallas Frelinghuysen. Bean Blossom 141 28 Richland 117 66 Van Buren 12 17 Indian Creek 146 41 Clear Creek 48 49 Salt Creek 32 4 Benton 32 1 Washington 56 32 Bloomington 534 483 * Totals 1,118 721 Polk's Majority 397 The result of no other Presidential election can be given until 1856, at which time the New Republican party appeared. The campaign in this county was very warm. The result was : November, 1856. DEMOCRATIC. REPUBLICAN. AMERICAN. Buchanan Fremont Fillmore and and and Breckinridge. Dayton. Donalson. Bloomington 203 134 79 Bean Blossom 144 25 36 Benton 81 22 10 Clear Creek 127 27 41 Indian Creek 154 9 15 Marion 35 20 Perry 86 90 50 Polk 69 6 12 Richland 74 46 94 Salt Creek 84 5 5 Van Buren 56 61 37 Washington 78 53 13 Totals 1,191 498 392 During the next four years, people even in the North were almost on the brink of open war. In 1858, the South began to make preparations to leave the Union. The result in 1860 presented the following singu- larly broken appearance : November, 1860. NORTHERN SOIUHERN DEMOCRACY. DEMOORACT. "^I-raUOAN. AMERICAN. Douglas Breckinridge Lincoln Bell and and and and Johnson. Lane. Hamlin. Eyerett. Bean Blossom 136 17 55 6 Richland 36 17 163 25 Benton 62 12 36 2 Washington 63 21 79 o Bloomington 109 84 316 19 Van Buren 21 36 129 1 Marion 30 11 24 Indian Creek 102 32 46 Polk 36 10 28 I Perry 27 54 ly9 4 Salt Creek 3 65 14 1 Clear Creek 91 36 109 5 Totals 716 395 1,198 64 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 387 This was a remarkable election. The noticeable feature is the very heavy vote for the ticket of the Southern wing of the Democracy. The Democratic party of the county was "all broke up." The large vote polled for the Breckinridge Electors from the county Democracy shows the sympathy existing for the South. The Gubernational vote in the county the same fall (1860) was : Henry S. Lane (Rep.), 1,195 ; Thomas A. Hendricks (Dem.), 1,168. The vote for Governor in 1856 had been : Oliver P. Morton (Rep.), 801; A. P. Willard (Dem.), 1,133. The Democratic majority was broken down between 1856 and 1860, but it rallied again during the war. In 1858, the vote for Representative in Congress was, James Hughes (Dem.), 964; W. M. Dunn (Rep.), 1,075. The vote for Secretary of State in 1862 was : W. A. Peelle (Rep.), 1,021 ; J. S. Athon (Dem.), 1,383. It will be seen from this that the Democracy of the county had recovered herself, but by 1864 the Repub- licans began to creep up again, the vote for Governor being : Morton (Rep.), 1,224 ; McDonald (Dem.), 1,220. The Presidential vote was as follows : November, 1864. DEMOCRATIC. REPUBLICAN. McClellan Lincoln and and Pendleton. Johnson. Bean Blossom 175 57 Richland 54 195 Indian Creek 136 38 Salt Creek 98 6 Clear Creek 141 79 VanBuren 48 124 Washington 98 67 Benton - 96 35 Perry 99 211 Polk 78 27 Marion 42 17 Bloomington 150 ' 346 Totals 1,210 1,202 In 1866, the county became Republican by a majority which the De- mocracy has failed to wholly extinguish with but one or two exceptions up to the present. In that year, the vote for Representative in Congress was : M. C.' Hunter (Rep.), 1,589 ; H. W. Harrington (Dem.), 1,379. The result for Governor in 1868 was : Conrad Baker (Rep.), 1,484; Thomas A. Hendricks (Dem.), 1,402. The result for President the same year was : Grant and Colfax (Rep.), 1,496 ; Seymour and Blair (Dem.), 1,369. In 1870, the county again went slightly Democratic, as will be seen from the following : For Secretary of State, Norman Eddy (Dem.), 1,462; M. F. A. Hoffman (Rep.), 1,457. Representative in Congress, Voorhees (Dem.), 1,471 ; Dunn (Rep.), 1,442. The result for Governor in 1872 was as follows : T. A. Hendricks (Dem.), 1,527; Thomas M. Brown (Rep.), 1,689. The Republicans again rolled up a small majority. The result for Representative in Congress in 1872 was as follows : Hunter (Rep.), 1,723 ; Voorhies (Dein.), 1,485. The re- sult in the county of the Presideatial contest of 1872 was as follows : 388 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. November, 1872. BOUBBON KEPUBLIOAN. DEMOOEATIO. DEMOCRATIC. Grant Greeley and and Wilson. Brown. Bean Blossom 95 187 — Washington 83 120 — Marion 31 SO — Benton 67 96 — Richland 269 91 — Van Buren 131 57 — Perry 247 lU 2 Polk 57 87 — Salt Creek 9 110 — Clear Creek 121 136 — Indian Creek 71 116 3 Bloomington 426 218 — Totals 1,597 1,359 5 The Presidential election of 1876 resulted as follows : November, 1876. EEPCBLICAN. DEMOCKATIO. INDEPENDENT. Hayes Tilden Cooper and and and Wheeler. Hendricks. Gary. Bean Blossom 112 195 5 Washington 83 135 16 Marion 38 37 4 Benton 47 97 4 Richland 290 99 6 Van Buren 158 73 5 Perry 264 136 6 Polk 38 109 15 Salt Creek 18 120 1 Clear Creek 130 179 10 Indian Creek 68 153 18 Bloomington 421 226 35 Totals....: 1,667 1,559 125 The county was still Republican by a substantial majority. In 1878, the result for Secretary of State was as follows : John G. Shanklin (Rep.), 1,601 ; Isaac S. Moore (Dem.), 1,560 ; Henry James (Ind.), 288. In 1880, the result for Governor was : Albert G. Porter (Rep.), 1,770 ; Franklin Landers (Dem.), 1,613 ; Richard Gregg (Ind.), 199. In 1880, the Presidential election resulted as follows : November, 1880. REPDBLICAN. DEMOOKATIC. INDEPENDENT. Garfield Hancock Weaver and and and Arthur. English. Chambers. Bean Blossom 108 182 9 Washington 88 157 8 Marion 57 66 3 Benton 51 " 137 12 Bloomington 508 240 33 Richland 286 104 5 Van Buren 159 73 13 Perry 255 145 17 Salt Creek 26 130 2 Polk 53 129 24 Clear Creek 112 176 85 Indian Creek 77 153 4 Totals 1,780 1,682 165 I HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 389 The county was still Republican. In 1882, the vote for Secretary of State was as follows : E. R. Hawn (Rep.), 1,751 ; William R. Myers (Dem.), 1,625 ; H. B. Leonard (Ind.), 144. THE COUNTY POOR. Monroe County has done well by her poor. The county was no sooner organized than allowances began to be made for the temporary and permanent relief of the indigent. In every townshigj. Overseers of the Poor were appointed, whose duty was to provide for those who were help- less, and report the expense to the County Board, who allowed the same as any other county expense. It was customary, and is even yet, to bind children out to learn some industry, and upon the attainment of their ma- jority they were turned out upon the busy world to shift for themselves, with a new suit of clothes and f 10 in money. This was true of the able- bodied. The helpless, on the contrary, were usually " farmed out," as it was called. The keeping of them was put up at auction, and he who would provide for their necessary wants for the least amount was burdened with the responsibility. It was necessary to exercise some care, or other- wise the helpless fell into rude and even cruel hands, and were half starved and clothed, that a little money might be made in their keeping. The system was bad, as it led the unscrupulous to prey upon the helplessness of the poor. It was better, however, than to permit the unfortunates to die outright. A better state of things could not be expected in the back- woods, where the best were often in want of the necessaries of life. Much temporary and even permanent relief was furnished by the town- ship, and no call made upon the County Board for reimbursement. The first order for the relief of the poor which could be found upon the records is as follows : ' State op Indiana. 1 >• MosKOE County, Debtok. MoNKOE County, j To Solomon Green for an allowance for an injury sustained to his bedding in keeping,- laying out and burying Louis Lee, a poor person. February 5, 1824. David Sears, | q^^^^^^^ ^^^ p^^^ William Moore, j -^ After this, the settlement of the county was so rapid that the poor ex- pense began to increase. In 1827, the county paid $46. 20, and in 1830) |75. Late in the thirties, the expense exceeded $200 annually. In 1836, it was $204.63. These amounts do not include the help furnished in lo- calities and not reported for county reimbursement. The total some years would no doubt approximate $500. The number of paupers continued to increase during the early portion of the thirties, until at last, in 1836, the propriety of having a county poor farm and poor house began to be talked of. A petition was presented to the County Board in November, 1836, praying that a poor farm might be bought, and in response to this, John Hite, John Owens and Jesse Davar were appointed a committee to inspect various farms with a view of purchasing. Nothing further seems to have been done until May, 1838, when another committee, consisting of John Owens, Edward Borland and John Hite, were appointed for the same purpose, the farm to cost not less than $500 nor more than $1,500, the purchase price to be paid in three annual installments, All further action 390 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTi'. seems to have been postponed until 1846, when another committee (Elias Abel, Henry Tanner and ), were appointed to inspect some half dozen farms that were for sale. The committee reported the following farms for sale : One owned by E. N. Elliott, five miles from Bloomington, 190 acres, price $1,000 ; G. H. Johnson, seven miles from Bloomington, 176 acres, cost $2,000; John AcuflF, five miles from Bloomington, 120 acres, cost $900 ; Michael Buskirk, three and a half miles from Bloomington, 400 acres, cost $2,600 ; William Gray, nine miles from Bloomington, 198 acres, $1,000 ; Henry Rhorer, twelve miles from Bloomington, 160 acres, $1,200 ; James Miller, two and one-half miles from Bloomington, 160 acres at $2,000 ; Samuel McCalla, eight and one-half miles from Bloomington, 160 acres at $800. The farm of John Acuff was bought, and he became the first Poor Superintendent. The farm was on the Bloomington & Spencer road, on Section ' 13, Township 9 north. Range 2 west. Of the purchase price, $600 was to be paid when the deed was made and $300 at the end of a year. Upon the farm was an ordinary dwelling of that day, and in addition the County Board ordered the erection of a log house. Mr. Acufi' was to have the use of the farm for a year, and was paid $100 to care for all permanent paupers. The first pauper. Crazy Betsey, was taken to the asylum in June, 184f''. Acufi" continued Superintendent until 1849, when he was succeeded by Robert Ray. At this time the paupers numbered three. John N. York was the third Superintendent. During the fifties, the poor expense amounted some years to nearly $3,000. As high as eight inmates were in the asylum at one time. The great burden of expense to the county, however, really fell upon the townships. Later in the fifties it became evident that a new asylum would have to be obtained to meet the wants of the county. In 1862, a new farm of 168 acres was purchased of Samuel A. Smith for $6,000. It was parts of Sections 30 and 31, Township 8 north, Range 1 west. One of the County Board, Mr. Small, protested against the purchase of this particular farm, alleging : 1, that it cost too much ; 2, the land, though good, is too rolling and exhausted ; 8, scarcity of timber, especially rail timber ; 4, two branches of Clear Creek run through the land, thus making it necessary to keep up several water gaps; 5, there have been better farms off'ered for sale. The protest of Mr. Small was of no avail, and the farm was purchased and immediate preparations were made to build thereon a poor asylum that would meet the wants of the county. The building was erected by Milburn & McPhetridge, for $1,688. It ' was a frame structure, about 35x75 feet, and contained nine rooms on each side. Of the purchase price, $500 was paid in cash at the outset, $500 in September of 1862, and the balance at the completion of the work in November, 1862. It seems that the judgment of Mr. Small was correct, when he stated that the farm was not the one wanted by the county, and that much better ones had been offered for sale. This fact became more and more apparent as the years passed. At last, in Decem- ber, 1865, the farm was advertised for sale and soon sold to John F. May for $9,150. Of this price, $1,000 was to be paid cash, $2,000 one year after date ; $3,075 two years after date, and $3,075 three years after date. Mr. May became the Superintendent, he agreeing to keep the HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. 391 paupers for $2 each per week. Samuel *A. Smith had preceded Mr. May as Superintendent. Immediate preparations were made to buy a new farm. In March, 1866, the County Board bought of Peter Bollenbacker six seminary lots known as the Cuff farm, about a mile and a half west of town, each lot comprising ten acres, for $3,000, the seller taking in pay- ment the note of John May for $2,000 above mentioned, the county to pay a mortgage for about the remainder held on the lots by Robert Acuff. Immediate possession was given of the farm. Mr. May, as above stated, became the Superintendent. In May, 1867, sealed proposals were called for to build a brick asylum of certain specified dimensions on this farm, the following proposals being received : William H. Owen, f 6,000 ; Samuel A. Smith, $5,800 ; R. A. Fulk, $6,500 ; Payne, McCalla & Hooper, $6,300 ; Glover & Blankenship, $7,728. The proposal of Mr. Smith being considered the best was accepted, and the contract was awarded him at his bid of $5,800. This fine brick building, which was immediately erected, is yet in use. It took about two years to complete the building, however. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES'. So far as can be learned, the first action taken by the citizens of the county to organize a society in the interests of agriculture was in May, 1835, when the County Board having been petitioned to thai effect, or- dered that 300 copies of a notice of a public meeting to be held at the court house on the last Saturday in May,, in pursuance of an act of the Legislature, entitled "An act for the encouragment of agriculture," ap- < proved February 7, 1835, for the purpose of organizing an agricultural society, should be printed, and the Clerk was instructed to see that they were distributed and posted, and authorized to pay for the same. This meeting was held, was well attended, and an agricultural society was or- ganized, as will be seen from the following certificate : We, Michael Buskirk, Chairman, and Craven P. Hester, Secretary, of the agricult- ural society of Monroe County aforesaid, certify that we were elected according to law for the offices as above meatloned, and that said society hag electei its officers and or- ganized itself agreeably to an act of the Legislature, entitled "An act for the encourag- ment of agriculture," approved February 7, 1835. Done on the last Saturday of May, 1835. Given under oux hands June 4, 1835. Michael Buskirk. C. P. Hestek. If a fair was held by this organization, such fact could not be learned by the writer. The probability is that nothing of the kind was held, or some record of it would have been discovered. In about the year 1850, however, a society was organized at the county seat and one or more fairs were held, but unfortunately no account of it can be here given. The society was abandoned after one or two fairs, and not again revived until 1855. Austin Seward was the first President of this organization, and Lewis Bellman, Secretary. The following men were the Directors : Henry Eller, Asher Labertew, Austin Seward, W. S. Stormont, Joshua Shreve, Luke Sanders, Joseph Bunger, James Givens, Edward Blakely, Richard Moore, Willis Spencer, Monroe Houston, Thomas Payne and Lewis BoUman. The first premium list offered by this organization was as follows, in full : First annual fair of the Monroe County Agricult- ural Society, to be held at Bloomington Wednesday and Thursday, Oc- tober 10 and 11, 1855. Premium list : 392 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. CLASS A — NO. 1 — CATTLE. Best Bull two years old or over ?3 Second best Certificate Best Bull between one and two years old 2 Second best Certificate Best Bull Calf. 2 Second best Certificate Best Cow two years old oro*er 3 Second best Certificate Best Heifer between one and two years old 2 Second best Certificate Best Heifer Calf 2 Second best Certificate CLASS A — NO. 2. Best pair of Working Cattle J3 Second best Certificate Best fatted for beef. 2 Second best Certificate CLASS A — NO. 3. Best Milk Cow $3 Second best Certificate Awarding Committee — L. BoUman, I. Cron, Lewis Shryer. CLASS B NO. 1 — HORSES. Best Stallion over three years old |3 Second best Certificate Best Stallion Colt between two and three years old 2 Second best Certificate Best Stallion Colt between one and two years old 2 Second best Certificate Best sucking Horse Colt 1 Second best Certificate Best Mare over three years 3 Second best Certificate Best Mare between two and three years 2 Second best Certificate Best Filly Colt between one and two years 2 Second best Certificate Best sucking Filly 1 Second best , Certificate CLASS B — NO. 2. Best Saddle Horse $3 Second best Certificate CLASS B — NO. 3. Best Draft Horse $3 Second best Certificate CLASS B — NO. 4. Best pair Matched Horses $3 Second best Certificate Awarding Committee — Eli Worley, J. B. Shreye, John Dinsmore. CLASS C NO. 1 MDLES AND JACKS. Best Jack J3 Second best Certificate Best Jennet 3 Second best Certificate Best Span of Mules 3 Second best Certificate Best Mule Colt 2 Second best Certificate Awa/rding Committee— Hu^ Campbell, James Buskirk, Peter Carmichael. HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 393 OlASS D NO. 1 LONG AND COMMON WOOLED SHEEP. Best Buck over two years old $2 Second best Certificate Best Buck under two years 2 Second best Certificate Best Buck Lamb 1 Second best Certificate Best Ewe over two years old 2 Second best Certificate Best Ewe under two years old 2 Second best Certificate Best Ewe Lamb 1 Second best Certificate CLASS D NO. 2 FINE WOOLED SHEEP. Best Buck over two years old $2 Second best Certificate Best Buck under two years 2 Second best Certificate Best Buck Lamb 1 Second best Certificate Best Ewe over two years old 2 Second best Certificate Best Ewe under two years old 2 Second best Certificate Best Ewe Lamb 1 Second best Certificate Awarding Committee — Lewis Shryer, David Byers, Thomas Carter. CLASS E NO. 1 — HOGS. Best Boar over one year old $3 Second best Certificate Best Boar under one year old 2 Second best Certificate Best breeding Sow over one year old 2 Second best Certificate Best breeding Sow under one year old 3 Second best Certificate Best pair of Shoats between six and twelve months 2 Second best Certificate Best Sow and Pigs 2 Second best Certificate Awarding Committee — Samuel Harbison, Henry EUer, David Buskirk. CLASS F NO. 1 POULTRY. Best collection of Fowls $2 Best collection of Ducks 2 Awarding Committee — John Orchard, John McCrea, Sol Hickman. CLASS G NO. 1 — FARMING IMPLEMENTS. Best Mower and Reaper, combined |3 00 Best Thrasher and Separator 3 00 Best Mower : 2 00 Best Corn and Cob Mill 2 00 \ Best Machine for gathering Clover 3 00 Best Horse Rake 1 00 Best Cider Mill 1 00 Best Cheese Press 1 00 Best Churn 1 00 Best Straw Cutter 1 00 Best Apple Parer 60 CLASS G — NO. 2. Best Plow for Monroe County $3 00 Best Plow for sod 2 00 394 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. Best Plow for loose soil f2 00 Best Subsoil Plow 2 00 Best Mattock 1 00 Best six Hoes 1 00 Best Log Chain 60 Best CultiTator 1 00 Best Harrow 50 CLASS Q — NO. 3. Best Farm Wagon $2 00 Best Farm Cart 1 00 Awarding Cummittee — Mr. MoKinley, Thomas Smith, Joseph Bunger. CLASS H — so. 1 — OABRIAGES, PDENITURE, ETC. Best Buggy $1 00 Best Carriage 1 00 Best Sofa 1 00 Best set of Common Chairs 1 00 Best Center Table 1 00 Best Dining Table 1 00 Best pair of Side Tables 1 00 Best Work Stand 1 00 Best Secretary and Book Case 1 00 Best display of Furniture 2 00 Awarding Committee — Joseph G. MePheeters, James Burley, Michael Helton. CLASS I NO. 1 LEATHER AND LEATHER MANUFACTURES. Best Double Carriage Harness $2 00 Best Single Carriage Harness 1 00 Best Wagon Harness 2 00 Best pair of Fine Boots 1 00 Best pair of Coarse Boots 1 00 Best pair of Ladies' Shoes 1 00 Best specimen of Harness Leather r 1 00 Best specimen of Sole Leather... ;.. 1 00 Best specimen of Kip Leather .' 1 00 Best specimen of Calf Skin Leather 1 00 Best Man's Saddle 1 00 Best Woman's Saddle ] 00 Awarding Committee — John Garrison, Van Swearingin, J. W. Coffey. CLASS K NO. 1. Best display of Tin Ware $3 00 Best display of Sheet Iron Ware 2 00 Best Stone-sawing Machine 2 00 Best Tomb Stone' or Monument 3 00 Awarding Committee — W. 0. Fee, A. Labertew, John Campbell. CLASS L — NO. 1 — AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND SEEDS. Best ten acres of Corn $2 00 Best ten acres of Wheat 2 00 Best five acres of Rye 1 00 Best five acres of Oats 1 00 Best one acre of Clover Seed 2 00 Best one acre of Flax 1 00 Best one-half acre of Turnips 1 00 Best one-fourth acre of Potatoes 1 00 Best display of Seed Corn, Wheat, Rye, Oats, Clover Seed, Pota- toes 2 00 Best ten pounds Butter 1 00 Best Cheese 50 Best Cured Ham 50 Awarding Committee — William Milieu, Benjamin Rogers, N. S. Mayfield. CLASS M NO. 1 DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES. Best ten yards of Tow Cloth $0 60 Best ten yards of Rag Carpet 50 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 395 Best Woolen Knit Stockings or Socks 50 Best pound of Linen Sewing Thread 50 Best fifteen yards of Carpet 1 00 Best Yarn 50 Best Quilt 50 Best Coat, Pants and Vest 2 00 Best Lady's Dress 1 00 Best Lady's Sacque 50 Best Dress Cap. 50 Best Mantilla 60 Best sample of useful Needlework 1 00 Best Home-made Bread , 1 00 Awarding Committee — Miss Ellen Stone, Mrs. Paulina Hardin, Mrs. Louisa Maxwell, Mrs. Jane Fee, Miss McGinnis, Mrs. Benjamin Neeld, Mrs. Bacon. [This committee may recommend discretionary premiums] . CLASS N — NO. 1 PRnlTS AND VEGETABLES. Best display of Fruils $3 00 Best display of Garden Vegetables 2 00 Awarding Committee — Lewis BoUman, I. W. Sanders, Milton McPhetridge. EULES AND REGULATIONS. Any person may become a member by paying $1 into the treasury. Members will be furnished with badges, which will admit them and their wives, and children under eighteen, at all times during the fair. Persons not members will be admitted at the following rates, tickets to be had at all times during the fair: Terms of admission per day, each individual, 20 cputs ; each horse and buggy, 20 cents ; single horse, 10 cents ; each carriage, or wagon, and two horses, 25 cents ; chil- dren under ten years of age, free. All subject to the rules of the fair ground. All competitors must first become members of the society. Persons employed for the purpose, and wearing appropriate badges, will be on the ground and in readiness to receive the articles intended for exhibition in the several de- partments. Exhibitors are required to have their articles entered on the books at the business office beford they are placed within the inclosure. On the entry of the articles and animals, cards will be furnished witti the number and class as entered at the office, which are to be placed on the animal or article to be exhibited. No article shall be removed be- fore the close of the exhibition without the permission of some members of the Ex- ecutive Committee. Every exhibitor should have his articles on the ground and arranged in their places by 10 o'clock of the day they are to be exhibited. The Judges are requested to report themselves on their arrival at the office of the Executive Coninittee, oa tie grounds. Tin Judges will mee. ar, the said office at 10 o'clock on each day of exhibi ion, when their names will be called, vacancies supplied, and they will then enter upon their duties. They are requested to make their reports to the Secretary at the business office as early as practicable each evening. INSTKUOTIONS TO JUDGES. The Judges on animals will have regard to the symmetry, early maturity, size and general characteristics of the breeds which they judge. They will make proper allow- ance for age and other circumstances of the character and condition of the animals. They are expressly required not to give any encouragement to over-fed animals. A premium will not be awarded when the animal or article is not worthy, though there be no competition. REPORTS. The Judges (especially those on animals) will be expected to give the reasons for their decisions, embracing the valuable and admirable qualities of the animals, or articles, to which premiums are awarded. This fair was held as advertised, and was highly successful. A further account cannot be given. The receipts and expenditures for the following year (1856) were as follows : 396 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. BECBIPTS. Money in treasury from last year $116 45 Received for badges 260 00 Received for tickets 165 76 Total ?633 20 EXPENDITURES. Paid Thomas Rawlings, for lumber $410 00 Paid hands, for building fence 102 80 Paid H. Coe, for printing 27 00 Paid W. Fee, for nails 12 70 Paid Orchard, for posts 1 00 Paid A. Helton & Son, for rope 3 ,00 Paid Balle, for work 6 50 Paid H. EUer, for superintending the work, and work done by him 25 00 Paid Orchard, for board of EUer 6 75 Total $694 76 533 20 Debt on work, etc $61 55 Ii. BoiLMAN, Secretary, The early fairs were all held just east of Bloomington, on the land of Mr. Dunn, where a small yard was leased and inclosed. The limits of the yard would not permit of racing. Annual fairs were held until the war, when they were abandoned, ,but were again renewed in 1868, and continued with a few interregnums until a few years ago, when they be- came defunct. The later fairs were held on the new ground, west of town. The officers of the society in 1859 were as follows, with the rates of admission : John McCrea, President ; Ezra Perring, Vice President ; Thomas Smith, Treasurer; James Small, Secretary; Pressley Buckner,- James H. Waugh, John Dinsmore, George A. Buskirk, George Eller, W. S. Stormont, M. L. Snodgrass, Board of Managers. Terms of Ad- mission — Each individual per day, 25 cents ; each horse and buggy per day, 50 cents ; each horse per day, 25 cents ; each two horses and car- riage or wagon per day, $1. A very popular organization was the Equestrian Fair, established in 1857. It was a district organization, as will be seen by the following programme : Open to the World — Second annual fair of the Union Equestrian Society, composed of Lawrence, Monroe and Owen Counties, to be held at the District Fair Grounds, near Gosport, Ind.. on Thursday and Friday, the 21st and 22d days of October next, 1858. The exhibition grounds, containing thirteen acres, are the moot beautiful in the State, well fenced in, with two good wells of water within the inclosure, and a splendid track for gaited horses — three times around for one mile. Two hundred and sixty-five dollars in cash premiums ! So bring on all of your fine saddle, harness and match horses. The premiums are worth competing for. A magnificent premium will be awarded to the beat and second best female equestrian. Also to the best male equestrian. Young ladies and gentlemen from every section are invited to be present and make an exhibition of their proficiency in the art of horse management and equestrian merit. Certainly no art is more desirable than that of complete horsemanship, and every young lady and gentleman in our proud Hoosier State should possess some just claim to proficiency in the art. Come on, then ; if you cannot make the display that your friends can, come and do your best, which is laudable. This fair was for many years very popular. It was held alternately at Gosport, Bloomington and Bedford, and possibly elsewhere. A Miss Jackson for many years took the first premium as lady rider, in spite of all HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. 397 opposers. The following shows a portion of the premiums paid at Bloom- ington in 1868. Equestrian Fair — To be held on the Woodland Time Track, near Bloomington, Ind., on Wednesday and Thursday, November 11 and 12, 1868. The following premiums are offered: For the best lady rider, $15; second best lady rider, $10; beat gentleman rider, $10 ; second best gentleman rider, $.5 ; best boy rider under fifteen years, $5 ; second best boy rider under fifteen years, $3; best girl rider under fifteen years, $5; second best girl rider under fifteen years, $3 ; fastest pacing gelding or mare, $25 ; second fastest pacing gelding or mare, $5 ; best buggy horse, mare or gelding, $10 ; eecond best buggy horse, mare or gelding, $5; best saddle horse, mare or gelding, three distinct gaits, $10 ; second best saddle horse, mare or gelding, three distinct gaits, $5 ; best pair trained horses, mares or geldings, $10 ; second best pair trained horses, mares or geld- ings, $5 ; fastest pacing stallion, any age, $25; second fasteit pacing stallion, any age, $10; fastest trotting horse, mare or gelding, $25 ; second fastest trotting horse, mare or gelding, $10. Sweepstakes on trotting and pacing: Fastest pacing horse, mare or gelding, $50 ; second fastest pacing horse or gelding, $25. Four entries to be made, three horses to start. THE OLD SETTLERS. In about the year 1852, an attempt was made at the county seat to organize an old settlers' association, and a call, signed by several of the oldest residents of Bloomington, was made for a public meeting for that purpose, but for some reason nothing further was done. In 1857, how- ever, the first old settlers' society of the county was established, as will be seen by the following, taken from the Bloomington Republican : OLD settlers' meeting. In pursuance of previous notice for an Old Settlers' Meeting, quite a large number of the old gray-headed fathers and pioneers of Monroe County met in mass at the court house in the town of Bloomington, on Monday, the 26th day of April 1857, for the purpose of organizing a society to be called the Old Settlers' Society, and make sui'able arrangements for its permanent organization. The meeting was called to order. On motion of Mattlicv M. Campbell, Jacob B. Lowe was called to the chair, and Morton C. Hunter appointed Secretary. Col. Campbell, of Washington Township, moved that a committee of five be appointed by the chair to make all necessary arrangements for an old settlers' meeting on the 4th ilay of July next. Prof. M. M. Campbell moved to amend the motion hy striking out the word " fi^e " and inserting " one from e ch township in Monroe County." which amendment vpas accepted by Col. Campbell, and the motion as amended passed. Whereupon the chair appointed the following gentletuen to serve as said committee : Col. Campbell, of Washington Township ; John Hubbird, of Marion; David Birrow, of Ben- ton ; James P. Ellis, of Salt Creek ; John Hanson, of Polk ; Col. Kctcham, of Clear Creek; Joseph S. Walker, of Indian Creek; M. M. Campbell, of Perry ; Ellis Stone, of Van Burefl ; Judge Reeves, of Richland ; James V. Buskirk, of Bean Blossom ; Elias Abel, of Bloomington Township. To which was added Paris C. Dunning and Austin Seward. Eli P. Farmer, of Richland Township, moved that twenty-five years' residence in Monroe County enti'le a man to membership. George A. Buskirk, Esq., moved to amend the motion by requiring each member to be fifty years old, and have resided in the county thirty years, which amendment was accepted by VIr. Farmer. The motion as amended passed. Samuel H. Buskirk, Esq., moved that a committee of nine be appointed to mak» all suitable arrangements for the meeting of the old settlers on the 4th of July, and t^ prepare refreshments for the occasion. The chair appointed the following gentlemen such committee : Samuel H. Buskirk, F. T. Butler, P. L. D. Mitchell, Jisse T. Cox, Will- iam Ward, Aquilla W. Rogers, William C. Sadler, Col. L. Gentry, George A. Buskirk. The object of organizing the Old Settlers' Society is, that the old gray-hended fathers may be called together at stated periods for the purpose of enjoying a social repast with each other, and in their own way entertain the meeting by the narration of anecdotes, m well as the hardships and perilous scenes that transpire! during the early settling of this country, in the planting of civilization, clearing up of the lands, and subduing the red man of the forest, as also the dangers, perils and hardships of the war of 1812, that the rising generation may be kept in remembrance of the debt of gratitude that is due from them to their pioneer fathers for the blessings they now enjoy, and that the pen of the historian may record those scenes for the benefit of generations that may come after us 398 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. All will therefore come prepared fo narrate the various incidents that came under their observation. The various committees above named will meet at Bloomington on Saturday, the 19th day of June, to make all necessary arrangements for the meeting, which is to lake place on the 4th of July next. No committeeman should fail to attend. On motion, the proceediags were ordered to be published in the Bloomington Rrpublican. On motion adjourned. Morton C. Hunter, Gen. Jacob B. Lowe, Secretary. President. The first meeting of the old settlers occurred on the day stated, but unfortunately a detailed account cannot be given. It is said that 1,500 persons were in town. A fine dinner was enjoyed by the old people, who afterward told over their experiences in settling up the county. The fol- lowing, taken from the Republican of 1858, gives an account of the second meeting of the old settlers of Monroe County : OLD SETTLEKS' MEBTINO. Pursuant to previous notice, the old settlers of Monroe County met at the court house, in the town of Bloomington, on the 17th day of September, 1858 The meeting was organized by calling Col. John Ketcham to the chair, and appointing Milton McPhet- ridge Secretary. I'lie proceedings of the meeting were opened by an appropriate prayer by the Rev. Eli P. Farmer. On motion of Austin Seward, Benjamin F. Rogers was admitted to all the rights and privileges of the old settlers, he being forty years of age and the first white male child born in the county. The Chairman requeated every person who was iifiy years old and upward, and who had resided in t.he county thirty years, to come forward and have theirnames, ages and plaoei of nativity registered, whereupon eighty- eight came forward and were duly registered. Gen. Lowe, who was selected by the committee of arrangements to deliver an address, not. being present. Rev. Eli P. Farmer was called upon; and addressed the meeting in a brief, appropriate speech, detailing many interesting incidents connected with the early settling of the couniy. He was followed by Col. John Ketcham, M. M. Campbell, John M. Saddler, James V. Buskirk, Rev. Solomon Lucas, wnd others, each giving an account of his trials and har Iships in the settling of the county, and of their bear, wolf, deer and panther hunts, many of which were truly amusing, and were listened to with much inter- est, not only by the old settlers, but by a large number of citizens who had assembled on the occasion. On motion of Mr. McCoUough, it was tesolved that the next annual meeting of the old settlers be held at the same place on the 17th day of September, 1859, and that each member bring his wife, and those that have none are requested to get one, or bring a widow ; also, that all old settlers who have mt registered their names are requested to do so previous to the next meeting; and, on. further motion of Mr. McCoUough, Col. John Ketcham was appointed Chairman, and Milton McPhetridge Secretary, to serve until the next annual meetini;. At half-past 1 o'clock, a procession was formed, and after marching around the public square, the old settlers, with many others, repaired to the "Young's House," and sat down to a sumptuius dinner prepared by mine host, .Jacob Young. The tables were well filled with everything necessary to satisfy the most fastidious. The best kind of feeling prevailed throughout the day, no incident occiirring to mar the harmony of the meeting. After d'nner was over, the old men got together, in groups, and talked over bygone scenes. All seemed to enjoy themselves, and will long remem- ber the haopy meeting of this day. The company dispersed at a late hour without any formal adjournment. PLACES OF NATIVITV. Kentucky, 30; Virginia, 24; North Carolina, 10; Tennessee, 8; Maryland, 6; Penn- sylvania, 4; Indiana, 3; Ohio, 1 ; Vermont, 1 ; Delaware, 1. By order of the Committee of Arrangements. John Ketcham, Chairman. Milton McPhetridge, Secretary. After this, annual meetings were held until the war, when they were abandoned. In about the year 1866, the society was reorganized and held meetings until 1870, when the society joined the district society at HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 399 Gosport. But this did not last long, and soon afterward the old organiza- tion was revived. It died out once or twice after this, but at the present is in good working order with annual meetings held in various portions of the county. If the old settlers would be as wise as they have been during the long years since they came into the wilderness, they would record their experiences — their hunting stories, trials, dangers, sickness, sur- roundings, etc., etc. — so that future generations might know what they en- dured. As it is, they unwisely come together to tell their experiences without putting them on record. At each annual meeting, let a competent clerk be hired (pass around the hat and raise the funds) to place on record the stories, facts, etc., regarding the county in early years, and let the record be kept locked sacredly in the court house vaults. An independent society of old settlers was organized at Ellettsville in 1878, as will be seen from the following oflScial minutes of the first meet- ing: MINDTBS or OLD SETTLERS' MEETING, HELD IN WOELEt's GROVE, ELLETTSVILLE, SEPTEMBER 26, 1878. In honor to Uncle Jimmy Parks, this being his Ninety-seventh Birthday . — At 11, there were about 3,000 people on the ground, and the exercises proceeded as follows: 1. A song by congregation — "Sweet By and By." 2. Piayer by Eev. E. P. Farmer. 3. Music by Old Badd. 4. Song by all over seventy years of age. Song, " Jesus, Lover of My Soul." 5. Elected D. Byers, President, William MoNutt, Secretary. 6. Speech by James Parks, Sr. 7. The Autobiography of James Parks, read by Elder R. Parks. 8. Music by New Band, followed by Old Band. 10. Short speeches hy all over eighty. Robert Graham, E. P. Farmer, J. Campbell, Elias Abel and L. VValden participated. 11. A. W. Reeves, Master of Ceremonies, announced dinner adjournment. 2 P. M. . 1. Music by Old Band. Speeches by all over seventy years old called for. A. Mills, of Spencer, addressed the meeting. 3. Music by Hoadley String Band. 4. Speech by David Byers, who made a very appropriate speech, and thanked the people for conferring upon him the office of President. Then oime to the front Abraham Henry dressed in ancient style — with a bark-colored scissor-tailed coat, with an enormous collar which made his head lean slightly forward. He made us a good speech, producing a splendid sensation. 5. Song by the Galloway family, "The Old Hearth Stone." This was an excellent piece, and was well performed. Speeches by J. Manis and R M. Parks were next. 7. Closing speech by Rev. S. C. Kennedy — presenting a wreath of beautiful flowers to Mr. Parks and wife, as an emblem of honesty and beauty, unsurpassed by the arts of men. Some relics were exhibited by thn Rev. G. N. Puett and Johnson Shirp, calling the mind back to years gone by. 9. Ordered the Secretary to publish the minutes of the meeting in the Sun, requesting other county papers to copy. Adjourned to meet at this place on the 26th of September, 1879. Benediction by R. M. Parks. The following roll of honor was prepared at the meeting and rend: ROLL OF HONOR. James Parks, ninety-seven years of age; Francis Parks, eighty-seven; Biddie Cox, sev enty-eight; Susan Wickens, seventy-eight; Elizabeth Kirby, eighty-two; Elizabeth Parks, seventy-eight; Sarah Coifey, seventy-five; Rebecca Fig?, seventy; Martha Corder, seventy- four; Rebecca Munson, seventy-three; Mollie Reynolds, seventy; Mania Buskirk, seventy- four; Verlinda Walden, seventy-six; Esther Griffith, sixty-eight; Permelia Hansford, six- ty-eight; John Roan, seventy-six; John M. Berry, seventy-four; \Y- G. Anderson, eighty- one; Robert Delap, seventy-five; Jacob Wood, seventy two: Rev. Eli P. Farmer, eighty five; James Manis, ; Robert Graham, eighty -three; Binona Denny, seventy-two; John Stanger, seventy-nine; Joseph Campbell, eighty-three; James Hannah, seventy-three; John Matthews, seventy-two; Mary Campbell, seventy-four; Elias Able, heveuty-eight; John Fyffe, seventy-seven; John Raper, seventy-seven; Anderson Mills, seventy-four; David Byers, seventy-two; Abraham Henry, sixty-three; Jacob Holsaple, seventy-four; Hosia Kyle, eighty-three; Joseph Wampler, seventy-eight; Ransom Parks, seventy-seven; Hiram Coifey, seventy-six; Joseph Baker, sixty-eight; Eld. Lewis Walden, seventy-seven; An- drew McCoy, sixty-seven; Jonathan Kegley, seventy-three; William Brown, seventy-one; Jane Moore, eighty-two. 400 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. The above honored fathers and mothers were seated upon the rostrum. G. K. Perry and G. W. Faulkner assisted the Secretary in enrolling the names. G. B. Moore, J. M. Harris, Barton AcuflF, S. P. Thompson, J. D. Coffey, A. W. Reeves and Johnson Sharp, Committee. G.K.Perry, Marshal. Ample dinner vfas served on theground and the 26th of September was an enjoyable day in Ellettsville. The best of order prevailed. With these honored veterans on the rostrum, the vast crowd felt like children, whose duty it is to honor our mothers and fathers. David Byers, President. William MoNdtt, Secretary. THE COUNTY LIBRARY. An early law of the State (the one which brought the county of Monroe into existence) provided that ten per cent of the proceeds of the sale of town . lots should be used to found and maintain a county library. A treasurer was appointed to take care of the fund. The first purchase of books was made in 1821, when $60 was spent for a few dozen standard works. They were bought of B. Ferguson, whoever he may have been. By July, 1830, $2,428.14 had been paid to the Library Treasurer, the greater por- tion of which had been used in purchasing books, so at that period the county had a fine library of about 800 volumes. In 1830, $1,272.68 was re- ceived from the Town Agent and another installment of books was ob- tained. In September, 1830, settlement was made with the County Agent for the library fund in his possession, which settlement in full was as follows : 1. Proceeds of the sale of lots June 22, 1818, one-fifth in hand, balance in four semi-an- nual installments $14,326 85 2. Of this, ten per cent with interest, less sun- dry expenses, is library fund $1,94-5 53 3. Second sale of lots, November 3, 1818, pay- able in three annual installments 12,274 75 4. Of this, ten per cent with interest, less ex- pense, is library fund 1,923 22 5. First sale of outlets December 1, 1819, one- fifth in hand, balance in four nine-months payments 1,219 62} 6. Of this^ ten per cent with interest, less ex- pense, is library funcJ 179 05 7. Second sale of outlets December 25, 1820, three annual installments 976 00 8. Of this, ten per cent with interest, less ex- pense, is library fund 139 73 9. Third sale of outlets December 17, 1821, in five annual installments 815 00 10. Of' this, ten per cent with interest, less ex- pense, is library fund 104 35 11. Proceeds of sale of inlots to Rawlins, Blair & Brown 287 50 12. Of this, ten per cent with interest, less ex- pense, is library fund 35 44 13. Total proceeds of the sale of inlots and out- lots 29,899 72} 14. Total library fund 4,327 32 15. Amount already received by the library 2,428 14 Twenty-five per cent loss 357 00 Loss by bad debts 10 60 Loss by relinquished lots 258 90 $3,054 64 16. Balance due library July 1, 1830 $1,272 68 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 401 The ten percentage from the sale of town lots proved a munificent fund for the maintenance of the library. As no record was kept of the purchases, the additions to the library cannot be given. As volumes wore out by use or otherwise, they were replaced from the constantly accumu- lating fund. This old library, now comprising over 2,000 volumes of standard works, is yet in the same old office that was built during the twenties. The McClure library, founded during the fifties, was another useful mode of disseminating knowledge among the poorer persons, but the cheap books and newspapers of to-day have taken the place of the old circulating county libraries. THE COUNTY SEMINARY. In early times, it should be remembered, the free common school system of to-day was unknown. Scholars then paid tuition to all schools. As the Weight of the expense fell upon families less able to sustain it, the system, if such it can be called, was not favorable to the education of the masses. And then there was the lack of higher educational facilities. All this led to the creation of centers of learning where private or public enterprise or individual donations or bequests were the sustaining or maintaining power. The County Seminary was designed to afibrd each county the means of furnishing a higher education to her youth within her own borders, and for many years was a very popular institution. The funds were obtained from fines, forfeitures, etc. In July, 1829, the fund in Monroe County amounted to $443.89. About six years later, the fund amounted to nearly $2,000. At that time the old brick seminary building was built and school in it was begun. In 1852, when the new school law was adopted, the seminary was ordered sold, and was bought by the Methodists, but soon afterward went back to the county and was used for school purposes until purchased by Mr. Leppert a few years ago. It is now used as a dwelling. THE COUNTY PRESS. It is conceded that Jesse Brandon published the first newspaper in Bloomington, beginning about the year 1826, having come from Corydon with his material, at which place he had formerly been State printer. It was not long before Jacob B. Lowe became his associate. The paper was called the Bloomington Republiean, as is shown by the County Commis- sioners' records, where orders appear payable to Brandon & Lowe, pub- lishers of the Bloomington Republican for printing done the county. The name of the paper indicates its politics. How long the issue was continued cannot be stated, but not longer than until 1829. About the 1st of January, 1830, W. D. McCullough & Co. began issuing a small sheet called the Independent Whig. It was a small five-column folio, was furnished for $2 per year, and its motto was "Measures, not Men." The sheet became defunct in 1831. On the 15th of September, 1832, Jesse Brandon and Marcus L. Deal issued the first number of the Far West, an exponent of the Whig faith, with the motto, " Willing to praise but not afraid to blame." D. R. Bckles was the publisher. The paper survived about two years. During the summer of 1832, Mr. Deal had begun the publication of a semi-monthly periodical called the Literary Register, an issue devoted to the interests of the Indiana College ; but 402 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. when the Far West was started in the following September, as stated above, the -Register was abandoned. About the Ist of June, 1835, Marcus L. Deal issued the first number of the Bloomington Post, an organ of the Whig party. I. H. Brown and I. N. Morris were associated with him at times. This paper was continued eight or ten years, selling for $2 a year in advance, or $3 at the end of the year. In October, 1838, the first number of the Ben Franklin made its appearance, with Jesse Brandon at the helm. The politics of the sheet was " First choice, Harrison ; second choice. Van Buren." How long this paper was conducted cannot be stated. Mr. Deal, for a short time, pub- lished the Budget of Fun, date unknown. Late in the forties, C. Davison published the Herald, a Whig paper, for several years, and during a por- tion of the same time J. S. Hester conducted another of opposite politics. About the same time, also. Elder James M. Mathes published a monthly periodical called the Ohristian Record in the interests of the Christian Church. He also issued a weekly newspaper called the Independent Tribune and Monroe Farmer. C. G. Berry and Jesse Brandon were connected with this paper. The brightest paper up to this time was started in 1852, by James Hughes, and was called the Northwestern Grazette. It was issued about a year and a half In 1853, G. H. Johnson and W. N. Connelly were connected with it. In 1853, Eli P. Farmer and Jesse Brandon published the Religious Times, afterward called the Western Times. In 1854, J. F. Walker and L. M. Demotte bought the Times office, and began issuing the Bloomington Times. This was the first organ of the Republican party in Monroe County. The office was after- ward removed by Jesse Brandon to Nashville, Ind. In January, 1854, A. B. and J. C. Carlton started the Bloomington News Letter, a Demo- cratic paper, the editor being A. B. Carlton, a, man of excellent ability. His political animosities were too severe to secure public favor and made him many enemies. The following, taken from the paper and appearing as an advertisement for a boy to learn the printer's trade, shows the political asperity of the sheet: Wanted Immediaielt. — A boy of sober and industrious habits, between thirteen and fifteen years of age, can have a first-rate opportunity to learn the Printing business by applying at this ofiice immediately. He must be a pretty good reader and speller, and able to read manuscript. He will not be permitted, while under our charge, to use in nnjf quantity, as a beverage, any intoxicating liquor. He must be apprenticed for at least three years — we would prefer five. Any one wishing to learn the business will be taken on a trial of three months. No Know-Nothing boy, nor one who has Know-Nothing parents, need apply, as we want no one about us who is trained or sworn to lie, or who is taught that falsehood is a venial ofi'ense. J. C. Cablton, Publisher News Letter. September 20. About the last of June, 1856, the office of the News Letter was sold to Howard Coe, who commenced the issue of a seven-column folio news- paper called the Bloomington Republican, the name indicating the poli- tics, and continued the sheet until the 25th of February, 1858, when the office was sold to Clement Walker and W. S. Bush, who issued the paper under the same name. Late in January, 1869, Mr. Bush severed his con- nection with the office, leaving Mr. Walker sole owner and publisher. Later in the same year, J. F. Walker became connected with the paper, but did not purchase a half interest until 1863. It is said that this paper, HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 403 during the war and afterward, attained the largest circulation of any paper ever issued in Bloomington. While the Bepubliean was issued, three attempts were made to found successful Democratic papers in the county seat. During the winter of 1857-5"*, C. T. Nixon issued thirteen numbers of the Bloomington Advocate, and durjng the summer of 1858 John B. Borland started the Blooinington Presage, continuing it about three months. It was " a paper reflecting the true principles of Democ- racy, and which is uncontrolled by bolting demagogues or county politi- cians." Another Democratic paper was started on the 3d of October, 1863, by C. H. Patterson, and was continued about six months and then abandoned. In May, 1867, William A. Gabe, the present editor and proprietor of the Bepubliean, purchased the office, changing the name to the Blooming- ton Progress, and later to the Republican Progress. In about 1874, the office and outfit were destroyed by fire, but were replaced, and the issue has since been continued without interruption. It was issued first as a seven-column folio, but later was changed to an eight-column folio. It is at present enjoying' a fair patronage in all departments. In 1868, Thomas C. Pursel started the Bloomington Democrat, and continued the issue until the entire office was burned in 1872, but within a few weeks the sheet was again published. Mr. Pursef for a time published the In- diana Student, a small periodical devoted to the interests of the State University, and edited by a corps of students. In August, 1875, the Democrat office was sold to 0. G. Hunt and J. V. Cook, who commenced the publication of the Bloomington Times, a Republican organ. A few months after this paper was started, or in October, 1875, H. J. Feltus commenced the issue of the Bloomington Courier, a Democratic paper, which he has issued successfully until the present. The publication has a fair county patronage. In April, 1877, Walter S. Bradfute and a young man named Arnott began issuing a small publication about as large as a sheet of letter paper. It was designed to chronicle local news and pleas- antry, and seemed to strike the popular fancy from the start. About the 1st of November, 1877, Arnott left, and since that time to the present Mr. Bradfute has continued the issue alone. The paper is called the Bloom- ington Telephone. The first increase in size was in the fall of 1878, the second early in 1880, and the third and last in January, 1883. In is now a six column quarto, and is in prosperous conditon. James Marlin conducted a Greenback paper called the True Plan during the campaign of 1878. In 1880, the Bloomington Hawheye was published for a few months. Its political face was Democratic. John East conducted a small campaign sheet in 1880 for a few months. The only other town in the county where newspapers have been issued is Ellettsville. In 1872 or 1873, Howard L. Morris, editor, and S. B. Harris, proprietor, issued the first number of the Ellettsville Republican, which after two issues passed wholly to Mr. Harris, and Mr. Morris stepped down and out. At the end of two issues, Mr. Harris employed John Walker to edit the sheet, which was done for about six months, after which Mr. Harris assumed the editorial robes for about two years. He then rented the office to Charles McPhetridge, but before the end of that time it went to William B. Harris, son of S. B. After W. B. had 404 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. •continued the issue some time, he moved the office to Spencer, but after -about a year returned, and is yet the editor and owner. While he was away, a paper called the Graphic was issued a short time by a Mr. Hyatt. S. E. Harris also issued the N^ews for a short time. The first paper was the Republican, the second the Sun, the third the People, the fourth the Graphic, the fifth the Wews, and the sixth and present one the Monroe County Citizen. The last is now a lively little sheet, and enjoys a thriving patronage. EARLY JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. James Bigger, 1818 ; William Matlock, 1818 ; William Edmundson, 1818 ; John Barnes, 1818 ; William Chambers, 1818 ; Jonathan Nichols, 1818 ; James Wright, 1818 ; John Matlock, 1818 ; James Borland, 1819; William Harden, 1819; Joseph Baugh, 1820; Joshua H. Ludes, 1820; Daniel Hawkins, 1821; Elery Woodward, 1821; Samuel Dodd, 18J1; John Swift, 1823; James Mitchell, 1823; Isaac Pauley, 1828; Samuel Hartsock, 1823; David Kelough, 1823; Blisha Pollard, 1823; James Crane, 1823 ; Joseph Reeves, 1823 ; William Harden, 1824 ; Michael Buskirk, 1825 ; John Bowland, 1825 ; Banner, Brummett, 1825 ; William Jones, 182 > ; Joseph Baugh, 1825 ; Aquilla Rogers, 1825 ; Elzy Woodward, 1826 ; James Mitchell, 1827 ; David Kelough, 1827 ; Elisha Pollard, 1827 ; Benjamin Chandler, 1827 ; Jacob Moser, 1827; David Borrow, 1827; James Wright, 1827 ; William Hite, 1828 ; Alexander Buchanan, 1828 ; James Crane, 1829; Joseph Reeves, 1829; O. H. Johnson, 1829 ; Isaac Buskirk, 1829 ; Isaac Gillaspie, 1829 ; David Byers, 1829 ; George Parks, 1830 ; Henry Burkett, 1830 ; Aquilla Rogers, 1830 ; W. B. Mars, 1831 ; James Kippe, 1831 ; Jesse Renew, 1831 ; John W. Lee, 1832 ; James Snodgrass, 1832 ; Jonathan Rogers, 1832; David Kelough, 1833; David Paddock, 1833; David Barrow, 1833 ; James Brummett, 1833 ; John Davis, 1833 ; Benjamin Chandler, 1833; Samuel Martsoek, 1833; John C. Marshall, 1833; Jacob Hud- sonpiller, 1833 ; Ezekiel Hendrickson, 1833 ; Henry Berkey, 1834 ; D. G. Weddel, 1834 ; Alexander Buchanan, 1834 ; James Crane, 1834 ; G. H. Johnson, 1834 ; Joseph Baugh, 1834 ; Alexander Johnson, 1835 ; Hugh McClung, 1835; Isaac Buskirk, 1835; Robert Hicks, 1835; John McPhetridge, 1835 ; Bmsley Wood, 1835 ; Joseph Mitchell, 1835 ; F. T. Butler, 1836 ; Andrew Wampler, 1836 ; John M. Berry, 1836 ; William Hite, 1836 ; Elmon Walker, 1836 ; William S. Wright, 1836 ; David Byers, 1836 ; Enos Blair, 1836. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. Bartlett Woodward, 1818 ; Michael Buskirk, 1818 ; James Parks, 1818 ; Elijah Morgan, 1819, vice Parks ; William Lowe, 1820, vice Bus- kirk ; Henry, Batterton, 1821 ; Michael Buskirk, 1821 ; Elijah Morgan, 182:: ; Joshua H. Lucas, 1823 ; Henry Batterton, 1824, vice Lucas. (In September, 1824, the Justices of the Peace of the county were empowered by law to transact the business previously done by the County Commis- sioners. The names of these Justices will be found on another page. In 1831, three County Commissioners again took charge of county busi- ness.) Joseph Reeves, 1831 ; Samuel Patten, 1831 ; William Jackson, 1831 ; Isaac W. Young, 1832, vice Jackson ; Elijah Morgan, 1833, vice HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 405 Patten. (In 1834, county business again passed to the Board of Justices, and continued thus until 1839, since which time three County Commis- sioners have, without interruption, done the work. In 1838 and 1839, as high as nineteen Justices of the Peace assembled to do the work which has since been done by three men.) Gideon Walker, 1839, for one year; George Finley, 1839, for two years ; Benjamin Rogers, 1839, for three years; Isaac Buskirk, 1840; George Finley, 1841; Benjamin Rogers, 1842; Benjamin Neeld, 1843; Isaac Buskirk, 1844; George Finley, 1845 ; Benjamin Neeld, 1846 ; David Barrow, 1847 ; George Finley, 1848 ; John Graham, 1849 ; I. S. Buskirk, 1850 ; Joseph S. Walker, 1851; Henry EUer, 1852; David Barrow, 1853; Benjamin Rogers, 1854; Henry Eller, 1855; David Barrow, 1856; James Carmichael, 1857 ; Reuben Ward, 1858 ; Thomas Y. Rader, 1859 ; James Carmi- chael, 1860; James Small, 1861; David Barrow, 186i ; Thomas Oli- phant, 1863; George Eller, 1864; David Barrow, 1865; Clelland F. Dodds, 1866; James Small, 1867; T. Y. Rader, 1868; Samuel H. Phillips, 1869; George Eller, 1870 ; John Hupp, 1871 ; F. M. Oliphant, 1872 ; John Waldron, 1873 ; W. E. Wood, 1874 ; R. M. Wylie, 1875 ; George Eller, 1876 ; William Peterson, 1877 ; J. D. Handy, 1878 ; John Huntington, 1879 ; W. S. Walker, 1880 ; J. D. Handy, 1881 ; William B. Baker, 1882 ; D. P. Burton, 1883. AUDITORS. William C. Tarkington, 1841 ; Robert C. Foster, 1855; Milton Mc- Phetridge, 1863; Henry F. Perry, 1867; James F. Manley, 1870; R. A. Fulk, 1878 ; W. M. Alexander, 1882. CLERKS. William Lowe, 1818 ; Jacob B. Lowe, 1820 ; David Browning, 1888; W. F. Browning, 1844; M. McPhetridge, 1846; David Carson, 1860; David Sheeks, 1862; Robert C. Foster, 1866 ; John R. East, 1870 ; William F. Browning, 1874 ; D. W. Browning, 1882. RECORDERS. Chesley Bailey, 1818 ; James H. King, 1831 ; David Browning, 1839; Samuel H. Buskirk, 1844; Robert Acuff, 1845; James M. Beatley, 1860 ; William H. Jones, 1867 ; -Drury Rogers, 1870 ; Thomas Howard, 1874; Oliver McLellan, 1876;' Robert Gilmore, 1878; W. N. Hall, 1880. SHERIFFS. John W. Lee, 1818 ; Jesse Wright, 1819 ; Bnos Blair, 1822 ; James Alexander, 1830 ; Elias Blair, 1834 ; John M. Sluss. 1838 ; John El- ler, 1842 ; William F. Browning, 1846 ; James Kelley, 1850 ; P. L. D. Mitchell, 1854 ; Andrew W. Reeves, 1858 ; Aquilla W. Rogers, 1862 ; Lawson E. McKenney, 1866 ; Richard A. Fulk, 1870 ; L. E. McKen- ney, 1872; W. M. Alexander, 1876; Silas Grimes, 1880. TREASURERS. Roderick Rawlins, 1818 ; James Borland, 1820 ; William Alexan- der, 1826 ; Stephen P. Seall, 1840 ; Elias Abel, 1841; Charles Abel, 406 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 1853; Samuel Gentry, 1855 ; P. L. D. Mitchell, 1858 ; Johnson Mc- Collough, 1860; P. L. D. Mitchell, 1862 ; David B. Buskirk, 1866 ; J. M. Rogers, 1870 ; John A. Reeves, 1874 ; L. E. McKenney, 1878 ; Isaac Claman, 1882. COEONERS. PurnalChane, 1818; William Jackson, 1822; James Slocum, 1827; Richard Hardesty, 1828 ; John M. Sluss, 1832; John Hardesty, 1834; John Deaman, 1836 ; James Slocum, 1838 ; Samuel Kirk, 1844; Y. B. Pullen, 1850; James McBride, 1852 ; John S. Moore, 1854 ; Alexander McClelland, 1856 ; Elbert Johnson, 1858 ; J. R. Sluss, 1859; Jv W. Pullen, 1862; John C. Hook, 1863; Wilson Adams, 1865; W. A. Legg, 1867 ; W. H. Slerum, 1868 ; W. L. Adams, 1870 ; G. P. Hines, 1872; A. J. Axtell, 1876; James Dodd, 1878; CD. McLahlen, 1880; J.H. Gaston, 1882. SURVEYORS. Jonathan Nichols, 1818; William D. McCulloch, 1820; James Borland, 1826; * * * Henry Farmer, 1846 ; James Woodburn, 1849; J. W. Spencer, 1852 ; John J. Poynter, 1854; J. W. Spencer, 1855; I. S. Buskirk, 1859 ; J. W. Spencer, 1863 ; W. A. Alexander, 1864; E. P. Cole, 1867 ; A. C. Spencer, 1870; Henry Henley, 1872; M. H. Buskirk, 1876; G. W. Varroy, 1878 ; M. H. Buskirk, 1880. SEMINARY TRUSTEES. William Lowe, 1818 : William Jackson, 1819 ; J. Gregory, 1820 ; William Newcombe, 1820; Samuel Irvin, 1821; Samuel W.Moore, 1828; William Lowe, 1824; P. M. Doty, 1829; F. T. Butler, 1830; Benja- min Rogers, 1831. * * * PROBATE JUDGES. William D. McCulloch, 1829 ; Aquilla Rogers, 1833 ; Stephen P. Sealls, 1838 ; Henry EUer, 1840 ; William Edraundson, 1840 ; Aquilla Rogers, 1841 ; Jacob B. Lowe, 1847 ; F. T. Butler, 1847. (Rogers en- listed in the Mexican war, and Lowe was appointed in his stead, but for some reason did not qualify, whereupon Butler was appointed.) In 1852-53, the jurisdiction of probate matters was transferred to the Common Pleas Court, and the office of Probate Judge was abolished. CIRCUIT COURT JUDGES. Thomas H.Blake, 1818; Gen. Washington Johnson, 1819; Jonathan Doty, 1819; W. W. Wick, 1822; John -F. Ross, 1824; Bethuel F. Morris, 1825; John Law, 1830; Gen. W. Johnson, 1830; Amory Kenney, 1832 ; Elisha M. Huntington, 1837 ; David McDonald, 1839; James Hughes, 1852; A. B. Carlton, 1856; James M. Hanna, 1856 ; Solomon Claypool, 1858 ; D. R. Eckles, 1865. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. Joseph Berry, 1818; Lewis Noel, 1818; John Sedwick, 1821; William Matlock, 1823; Michael Buskirk, 1825; William Edmundson, 1825; Abram Buskirk, 1832; Stephen Sealls, 1832; Joseph Reeves, 1839 ; John M. Berry, 1839 ; Coonrod Koons, 1846. HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 407 PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. George C. Sullivan, 1818; John Law, 1818; Addison C. Smith, 1819 ; John F. Ross, 1820 ; W. W. Wick, 1825 ; Calvin Fletcher, 1825; John Kingsbury, 1826; James Whitcomb, 1827; E. M. Hunt- ington, 1829; John H. Dowden, 1832; Paris C. Dunning, 1833; McJunkin, 1833 ; David McDonald, 1835 ; D. R. Eckles, 1838 ; John S. Watts, 1839 ; W. G. Quick, 1843; C. P. Hester, 1844; John S. Watts, 1849 ; James S. Hester, 1850 ; Samuel H. Buskirk, 1851 ; William M. Franklin, 1852 ; William E. McLean, 1853; A. B. Carlton, 1853; G. A. Buskirk, 1854; A. B. Carlton, 1854; Theodore Reed, 1855; Francis L. Neff, 1855; Martin A. Osborn, 1857; Isaac N. Pierce, 1858 ; Willis G. Neff, 1861 ; Michael A. Malott, 1865 ; Jacob A. Broadwell, 1866 ; John C. Robinson, 1868, SCHOOL EXAMINERS AND SUPERINTENDENTS. Milton McPhetridge was School Commissioner during the thirties and forties. Robert A. Milligan, James Woodburn and John J. Poynter, Examiners, 1853 ; James Woodburn, Ranson W. Akin and Benjamin Wolfe, 1855 ; James Woodburn, M. M. Campbell and Theophilus A. Wylie, 1856 ; Barnes Woodburn, T. A. Wylie and Elisha Ballentine, 1857 ; E. P. Cole, D. J. Shaw and W. C. Foster, 1859 ; E. P. Cole, 1859-63; D. E. Hunter, 1863; James H. Rogers, 1865; T. M. Hopkins, 1867 ; Edward Wright, 1869 ; James H. Rogers, 1871 ; M. M. Campbell, 1872; G. W. Rumage, 1877; John W. McGee, 1879. In 1849, Monroe County voted on the question of having free public schools, with the following result : TOWNSHIPS. ^°^ "^^^^ AGAINST FREE SCHOOLS. SCHOOLS. Bean Blossom 59 112 Benton 44 41 Bloomington 128 307 Clear Creek 76 85 Indian Creek 40 101 Marion , 16 35 Richland 59 128 Perry 127 20 Salt Creek 39 60 Van Buren 43 113 Washington 36 38 667 1,040 Excess Against 373 The total receipts and expenditures of the county from its organization up to February 8, 1819, were as follows: RECEIPTS. June — . From Benjamin Parks, County Agent $810 50 July 7.. From Benjamin Parks, County Agent 1,815 06 September 5. From Benjamin Parks, County Agent 820 90 November 8. From William Anderson 190 00 November 10. From Benjamin Parks, County Agent 6 00 November 10. From Benjamin Parks, County Agent 84 10 December]. From William Anderson 38 85 December 19. From J. W. Lee 264 47 December 29. From Benjamin Parks, County Agent 226 77 April 4. From John Grier, merchandise license 7 50 June 6. From William Hardin, merchandise license 12 00 408 HISTORY OF MONROE COUl^TY. December 7. From John Hay worth, merchandise license 20 00 January 2, 1819. From Edmund Phillips .; 7 50 February 7. From Benjamin Parks .'. 244 07 Februarys. From Edmund R. Moss, store license 7 50 Total receipts $4,054 21 EXPENSES. Paid Robertson Graham, on order $ 900 00 Paid Jonathan and David Rogers 1,058 60 Paid Aquilla Rogers 13 00 Paid John Whisenand, for whisky 10 10 Paid Chesley Bailey 10 00 Paid J. W Lee 7 00 Paid J. W. Lee...l ; 18 00 PaidDavid Fouts 33 00 Paid Jonathan Nichols 62 40 Paid Hon. Lewis Noell 10 00 Paid Benjamin Parks 91 25 Paid John Scott 2 50 Paid George Anderson 5 00 Paid James Parks 16 00 Paid James Smith 2 00 Paid William Lowe 40 00 Paid Bartlett Woodward '. 14 00 Paid Joseph Bauga 1 60 Paid George Sharp 3 00 Paid Michael Buskirk 20 00 Paid Addison Smith 2 00 Paid David Rogers 5 00 Paid Jonathan Nichols 3 60 Paid John Nusser 5 00 Paid Joel Woodward 15 00 Paid Bartlett Woodward 16 00 Paid Chesley Bailey 7 02 Paid Coleman Puett 3 00 Paid Lewis Noell 4 00 Paid Thomas Graham 2 00 Paid Roderick Rawlins 100 00 Paid Benjamin Parks 80 00 Paid John Penick 30 00 Paid David Rogers 1 00 Paid Roderick Rawlins 2 00 Paid J. W. Lee, Tax Collector 15 90 Paid J. W. Lee, extra services 32 60 Paid Edward Armstrong 1 50 Paid John Barnes 5 00 Paid J. W. Lee 1 98 Paid Jesse Wright 18 12 Paid William Lowe 85 00 Paid Elijah Morgan 4 00 Paid Benjamin Parks 24 67 Paid John Treat 1 60 Paid Abner Blair „ 1 50 Paid James Storm 6 00 Paid Jonathan Rains 5 00 Paid Julius Dugger 1 50 Paid JamesParks 14 00 Paid M. Buskirk 14 00 Paid Patrick S. Booth 13 00 Paid James Bigger 32 00 Paid Samuel Burcham 30 00 Paid M. Stout, ofVincennes 3 00 Paid Samuel Elliott 43 42 Paid Lewis Noell, salecrier 10 00 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 409' Paid John WMsenand, for whisky... : f23 40 Paid Robertson Graham, chain carrier 13 50 Paid William Hardin 1 30 Paid Joseph Gilbert 1 50 Paid Benjamin Parks, tor Indiana Herald 3 50 Paid James Parks, clerk of sale 6 00 Paid Jonathan Rogers, selling whisky 1 00 Paid Samuel Elliott 43 42 Paid T. B. Clark 1 50 Paid Roderick Rawlins, on jail...., 500 00 Paid Roderick Rawlins.., 100 00 Paid James Parks 9 42 Paid Daniel Stout 3 00 Paid Michael Buskirk 6 b"8 Total expenses $3,685 10 Treasurer's percentage 184 86 Total $3,869 96 Balance onhand 184 25 Roderick Rawlins, Treasurer. For the calendar year 1821, the total receipts of the county, exclusive- of course of the proceeds of the sale of town lots, were $795.24, and the total expenses $792.80. This does not include delinquent taxes nor out- standing orders. In 1827, the receipts, with the above exception, were $829.57, and the expenditures were $858.37. There had been on hand at the beginning of the year a balance of $190.99, so that at the end of the year there was in the treasury $162.19. These figures must be re- garded only as approximately correct. The old records are too ambig- uous for exact statements. In 1836, the receipts, with the exception mentioned, were $1,306.40, exclusive of $303.38 which remained from the previous year. The expenses were $955.28, leaving a balance in the treasury of $351.12. In 1839-40, the receipts were $2,226.74, and the expenses $2,450.37. In 1842-43, the county revenue was $8,228.75, and the total receipts $3,411.46. The paupers cost $582 ; the county ofiScers cost $844.70 ; outstanding orders redeemed, $103.42 ; total expenses, $3,411.46; orders outstanding and unredeemed, $1,462.44. In 1846- 47 the receipts of county revenue were $2,540.33 ; County Seminary, $41.88 ; on hand at the beginning of the year, $1,647.33 ; total receipts, $5,887.63. The expense on the poor-farm was $625 ; the paupers, $268.13 ; total expenses, $3,955.30. Owing to certain outstanding orders, the amount remaining in the treasury was $2,175.02. In 1852—53, there was on hand at the beginning of the year $422.84 ; county revenue re- ceipts, $3,677.98 ; school tax, $1,919.11 ; Seminary fund, $54.15 ; total receipts, $8,625.55. The poor- farm expenses were $262.40 ; the paupers $456.04 ; the county officers, $1,048.56 ; total expenses, $6,446.44 ; on. hand, $2,179.11. In 1856-57, the county revenue receipts were $9,118.- 11 ; and there was on hand at the beginning of the year $3,047.93 ; total receipts, $30,956.39. The common school fund expended was- $4,148.46 ; poor-farm cost $439.19 ; the paupers cost $899.83 ; county officers cost $1,425.51; total expenses, $26,380.73; old outstanding orders, $2,746.73; total orders to be redeemed, $29,127.46; total orders redeemed during the year, $16,382.04. In 1860-61, there was on hand at the beginning of the year $1,589.06; county rev- 410 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. enue receipts, $9,124.02 ; total receipts, $17,154.80. Of the ex- penses the military cost $227.55; the paupers, $1,641.51; the poor- farm, $103.04; the county officers, $1,877.40 ; total expenses, $15,612.- 42 ; old outstanding orders, $6,756.22 ; total to be redeemed, $22,368.- 64 ; orders redeemed during the year, $15,062.14 ; outstanding orders in June, 1861, $7,306.50 ; balance in the treasury, $2,092.66. In 1864-65, there was on hand at the beginning of the year, $4,058.91 ; county rev- enue receipts, $26,757.07 ; school tax, $5,238.98 ; total receipts were $39,766.18. The poor cost $5,693.10 ; the county officers cost $3,023.01 ; county orders paid out for military bounty, $81,000 ; total orders issued were $106,054.84 ; old outstanding orders, $21,96H.82; total orders to be redeemed, $128,021.66 ; orders redeemed during the year, $35,006.64 ; on hand at the end of the year, cash, $4,759.56 ; total county debt, $88,256.46. In 1868-69, the county revenue amounted to $37,582.49 ; special school fund, $7,575.33 ; total receipts, $55,617.18. The County Asylum cost $3,788.97; county officers, $3,855.83; orders outstanding at the beginning of the year, $26,237.18 ; orders issued during the year, $41,671.91 ; total orders to be redeemed, $67,908.04 ; outstanding orders at the end of the year, $12,290.86 ; cash in treasury, $2,114.95 ; county debt, $10,185.91. In 1872-73, the county fund'was $22,052 ; special school fund, $13,199.30 ; total receipts, $45,228.60. The paupers and poor-farm cost $3,290.75 ; the courts, $3,107.10 ; the county officers, $7,222.80; the total expense was $49,207 ; outstanding orders paid, $13,- 46i.l0; in the treasury, $7,615.51; outstanding orders, June, 1873, $17,606.84. In 1875-76, the county fund was $35,251.45 ; special school fund, $14,390.95; total receipts, $65,506.10; on hand at the beginning of the year, $2,717.41. The paupers and poor asylum cost $3,467.10; the courts, $6,854.10; county officers, $8,089.55; total expense, $64,- 123.80 ; outstanding orders, $14,060.59 ; in treasury at the end of the year, $2,162.76; outstanding orders June, 1876, $12,123.24; county debt June, 1876, $9,969.48. In 1879-80, the county revenue was $34,- 789.29; the special school fund, $4,902.77 ; total receipts, $82,053.61. The poor cost $5,270.96 ; the county officers, $6,281.90 ; total expense, $69,798.67 ; receipt balance, $12,254.94. In 1882-83, the finances were as follows : Balance on hand, $23,617.81 ; receipts during the year, $58,087.21 ; total receipts, $81.705.02 ; orders redeemed, $67,099.82 ; county officers cost $6,138.16; paupers, $4,190.86; poor-farm, $1,640. - 45 ; total expenses, $56,453.06 ; outstanding orders at the beginning of the year, $41,682.64; grand total expense, $98,135.70; outstanding orders June, 1883, $31,035.88; warrants redeemed, $67,099.82 ; county debt, $16,430.68 ; balance in the treasury, $14,605.20. In September, 1888, county bonds to the amount of $50,000 were issued and sold to aid in building the new university building. Each bond was of the denom- ination of $500, bore six per cent interest, and was redeemable within ten years. HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 411 The following exhibit of the county was prepared by the Auditor in 1836 : TOWNSHIPS.* POLLS. Acres of Cultivated Laud. Value of Land. Value of Lots. Value of Personal Property. TOTAL. Richland 181 55 128 123 76 175 86 60 66 303 20,435 $162,906 $44,579 $207,484 Jackson 4,205 10,201 6,517 13,184 2,027 1,064 1,050 14,797 49,247 88,217 47,134 149,166 7,975 9,600 8,400 176,739 44,566 30,572 9,319 44,614 28,868 5,023 11,267 141,668 93,813 118,789 56,453 193,680 36 843 Indian Creek Salt Creek Wftshington 14 623 19 667 $103,329 421 736 Totals 1,2-52 72,480 $699,383 $103,329 $360,376 $1,163,088 * The townships given not only included all of the present Monroe County, but also a strip three miles wide on the western side of Brown County, and considerable more of the latter county which was yet attached to Monroe. The statistics of Jackson Township cannot be given. RECAPITULATION OF TAXES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE, 1883. TOWNSHIPS. Value of Lands. Value Of Im- prove- ments. Value of Land and Improve- ments. Value Of Lots. Value of Im- prove- ments. Value of lots and Im- prove- ments. Value of Personal Property. Total Value of Taxables. Polls. $260,045 105,955 50,535 72,155 271,620 18,398 344,826 2,635 266,220 427,068 75,430 71,056 253.635 181,470 837,845 34,760 12,765 17,845 65,020 7,750 79,350 9,945 61,165 85,175 20,235 13,795 45,495 43,165 $297,890 140,715 63,300 90,000 336,640 26,648 424,175 12,580 317,385 512,243 95,665 84,850 299,130 224,635 $1,540 155 $5,305 555 $6,845 710 $142,878 68,790 40,248 59,470 157,060 • 750,060 158,635 74,330 176,530 251,805 53,825 50,050 181,596 121,155 $447,613 210,215 103,548 151,025 493,700 1,453,948 577,710 131,395 498,000 837,703 149,490 134,900 509,520 345,790 236 167 Marion 76 '346 1,215 1,555 143 Blbomington City of Bloomington Richland 155 227,230 450,010 677,240 467 160 TownofEUettsville. VanBuren 9,965 845 50,860 34,520 3,240 22,796 44,485 4,085 78,665 120 173 156 Salt Creek 139 Polk 145 Clear Creek 4,275 24,520 28,795 230 161 Totals $2,391,546 8534,310 $2,925,856 $295,210 $542,160 $837,370 $2,281,331 $6,044,557 2,530 TOWNSHIPS. STATE TAX. STATE HOUSE TAX. STATE SCHOOL TAX. COUNTY TAX. TOWNSHIP TAX. TUITION TAX. $654 58 336 06 161 91 252 75 672 64 1,980 28 773 15 219 07 685 40 1,083 65 249 28 234 85 726 56 495 75 $89 42 42 04 20 71 20 20 99 19 291 14 115 53 26 27 99 80 167 59 29 94 27 00 101 90 69 15 $833 43 420 24 203 28 313 14 870 77 256 68 1,004 20 271 75 885 00 1,418 82 309 18 288 85 930 48 634 16 $2,471 36 1,219 27 592 19 898 12 2,636 85 7,74i 69 3,048.00 1 780 37 2,668 75 4,346 00 888 25 821 50 2,778 25 1,891 25 $223 81 $447 60 206 70 226 53 496 36 161 02 ' 742 06 Richland ... » 677 60 866 46 Town of EllfittaviUe 250 16 419 00 299 48 135 40 609 62 519 03 Perry 419 00 Salt Creek Polk 67 57 Clear Creek 264 81 346 89 Totals $8,526 93 $1,209 88 $10,945 96 $32,785 85 $3,863 68 $3,294 40 26 412 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. TOWNSHIPS. SPECIAL SCHOOL TAX. EGAD TAX. DJtlVEB- SITY TAX. DOO TAX. TOTAL TAX. $1,341 44 736 28 258 30 302 05 496 35 SI ,123 70 315 90 365 45 152 70 1,235 75 m 38 10 61 6 19 7 65 24 78 72 79 28 88 6 56 24 95 41 90 7 60 6 75 25 48 17 30 S217 167 66 146 161 104 123 32 139 169 101 163 165 114 »7,424 72 8,237 30 1,879 78 ^^? 2,480 06 7,486 78 12,756 58 866 46 1,168 70 8,661 98 1,336 00 250 16 419 00 449 65 405 70 1,274 10 519 03 747 20 840 96 226 10 272 35 766 10 693 60 6,760 42 9,314 91 2,669 88 Polk 2,412 97 7,622 30 5,299 16 «7,318 52 «7,897 50 $302 62 »1,827 877,971 24 The followiDg table shows the condition of the school lands (six- teenth sections) of Monroe County in 1846: CONGRESSIONAL TOWNSHIPS. ACBBS SOLD. AMOUNT OF SALB3. Town 10, Range 2 west. Town 9, Range 2 west.. Town 8, Range 2 west.. Town 7, Range 1 west.. Town 9, Range 1 west.., Town 7, Range 2 west.. Town 10, Range 1 west, Town 9, Range 1 east.., Town 8, Range 1 east... Town 8, Range 1 west *. Town 10, Range 1 east. Town 7, Range 1 east... 638.75 040 640 640 640 640 400 220 220 9,625 640 640 $1,480 00 1,302 80 1,'205 20 1,182 20 1,480 00 1,082 40 732 00 333 40 505 00 15,588 99 No 8ile trdered Ho Bale ordered $1,405 00 1,302 80 804 40 910 80 1,330 00 887 40 220 80 216 40 126 26 8,007 76 * This entire township (now Perry) was, by Lee^slatiTe enactment in 1820, devoted to the founda- tion and maintenance of a State Seminary, wMch, m 1828, became the Indiana College, and in 1838 the State University, as it is at present. The following table shows the enumeration, enrollment, and the num- ber of pupils instructed in the various branches during the year 1881, by townships : TOWNSHIPS. 1 1 1 i •"S bo 1 1 O S 1 s 1. 1 d o 'm s I a i 1 I a i 1 .9 i CO .s 1 a 1 1 1 6 » i e 1 s, 1 1 Bean Blossom Washington 370 298 160 292 233 260 360 326 260 353 480 383 370 298 160 292 233 260 360 326 260 363 480 383 370 298 160 292 233 260 360 326 260 363 480 383 370 298 160 292 233 260 360 326 260 353 480 383 260 190 100 190 191 189 290 250 160 280 390 300 260 190 100 190 191 189 290 250 160 260 390 298 280 110 89 150 190 150 200 200 120 200 300 203 299 110 89 150 140 160 200 196 120 200 295 203 71 46 29 44 42 48 m 52 44 60 90 67 75 53 32 60 40 68 68 72 69 78 108 83 90 67 32 70 50 50 80 78 56 80 95 86 82 65 40 69 60 48 74 50 75 64 70 69 62 68 39 69 60 46 89 73 66 61 107 90 424 360 222 348 275 339 395 373 300 413 623 396 370 299 160 292 233 260 360 326 260 368 480 383 36 62 62 62 42 79 36 47 40 60 63 12 Benton Bloomington Richmond Van Buren Perry Salt Creek Polk Clear Creek Indian Creek Totals 1 4368 3766 602 i mSTORY OF MONKOE COUNTY. ENUMERATION OF TOWNSHIPS BY DISTRICTS, 1882. 413 NUMBER OF DISTRICT. Bean Blossom Washington... Marion Benton Bloomington,, Richland Van Buren.... Perry Salt Creek...., Polk Clear Creek..., Indian Creek., 36 60 24 51 22 22 68 39 58 56 164 53 52 37 10 37 MILITARY HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. THE COUNTY MILITIA. MONROE COUNTY was no sooner organized than it was consti- tuted the district for the organization of the Twentieth Regiment of Indiana Militia, and John Storm was commissioned Colonel, with orders to superintend the enrollment of able-bodied men and the forma- tion of companies. This was in 1819, soon after the war of 1812-15, when the recollection of danger from savages was fresh in the mind, and when the apprehension of danger from the same source was still a matter of daily concern, as the natives were yet a few miles north in the New Purchase. The old habits of watchfulness on the frontier could not so soon be abandoned, and, accordingly for several years, the militia was mustered often and kept in readiness for any outbreak from the Indians. After the removal of the Indians, the muster was still continued for sev- eral years, though with steadily lessening interest or concern, and at last, late in the twenties, became little better than a farce. In truth, the system which had been so efficient during the Indian wars, now that danger from that or any other source was past, degenerated into a holiday, where dram-drinking, horse-racing and athletic sports claimed the sole attention of the boisterous crowds. In 1822, John Ketchum succeeded John Storm as Colonel of the Twentieth Regiment of State Militia, but after that the regimental oflScers cannot be named. William Lowe was Brigidier General of the Monroe County Battalion for a time. The only circumstance that roused the militia was the war with Mexico in 1846-47. THE MEXICAN WAR. Monroe County furnished two full companies for the Mexican war. Soon after the call for volunteers in May, 1846, the militia of the county met at Bloomington for regimental or battalion muster. The excitement over the war was great, a call was made, and a full company was raised 414 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. and ready by the Ist of June. The officers were : John M. Sluss, Cap- tain ; John Eller, First Lieutenant ; Aquilla Rogers, Second Lieutenant. This company became A of the Third Regiment, which rendezvoused at New Albany, and left Bloomington on the 15th of June. A beautiful flag was presented the boys by the ladies of Bloomington, Miss Sarah Markle making the presentation speech. Company A was in the battle of Buena Vista, where four or five of the boys (Buskirk, Applegate, Stout and Holland) were killed and about five wounded. The company was mustered out at the end of the year. In 1847, three more regiments were called for from Indiana, and Daniel Lunderman began to raise a company. It was soon completed and became G of the Fourth Regiment. This company was tendered a public farewell by the citizens of Blooming- ton, who presented the boys with a national banner. The company was with Gen. Scott on his march from Vera Cruz to the Mexican capital, and participated in nearly all of the battles on that memorable and triumphant route. A number of the boys was killed and many more wounded, but their names cannot be given. The company returned at the end of one year. Several were left in honorcdgraves in the land of the Montezumas. AFFAIRS PRECEDING THE FALL OF FORT SUMTER. On the 2d of February, 1860, pursuant to notice, the citizens of the county seat and vicinity, irrespective of party, met at the court house to take into consideration the state of the Union. Judge G. A. Buskirk was made Chairman, and C. P. Tuley and J. B. Mulky, Secretaries. M. C. Hunter, Benjamin Wolfe, Dr. W'. C. Foster, F. T. Butler and Elias Abel were appointed a committee to draft resolutions exptBssive of the sense of the meeting. While the committee were preparing their report, Gov. Dunning was called out. He stated that he was a member of no party until the existing difficulties between the two sections of the country were settled. Prof. John Young spoke against the "Crittenden Com- promise," and in favor of the Constitution as it was, but was willing to accept the " Border State Resolutions." The committee then presented the following report : Jiesolved, That we, the people of Monroe County, are in favor of the resolutions known as the " Border State Resolutions," which are as follows: 1. Recommending rhe repeal of the Personal Liberty Bills. 2. That the Fugitive Slave Law be amended for the preventing of kidnaping, and 80 as to provide for the equalization of the Commissioner's fee, etc. 3. That the Constitution be so amended as to prohibit any interference with slavery in any of the States where it now exists. 4. That Congress shall not abolish slavery in the Southern dock-yards, arsenals, etc., nor in the District of Coltimbia, without the consent of Maryland, and the consent of the inhabitants of the District, nor without compensation. 5. That Congress shall not interfere with the Inter-State slave trade. 6. That there shall be a perpetual prohibition oi" the African slave trade. 7. That the line of .S6 degrees, 3il minutes, shall be run through all the existing territory of the United States : that in all north of that line slavery shall be prohibited, and that south of that line neither Congress nor the Territorial Legislature shall hereafter pass any law abolishing, prohibiting, or in any manner interfering with African slavery ; and tliat when any Territory containing a sufficient population for one Member of Con- gress in any area of 60,000 square miles shall apply for admission as a State it shall be admitted, with or without slavery, as its Constitution may determine. The committee also reported the fifth resolution of the " Crittenden Compromise," which was as follows: HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. 415 5. Congress shall have power by law to pay an owner who shall apply the full yalue of a fugitive slave in all cases when the Marshal is prevented from discharging his duty by force or rescue made after arrest. In all such cases, the owner shall have p-^wer to sue the county in which such violence or re«cue was made, and the county shall have the right to sue the individuals who committed the wrong in the same manner as the owner could sue. Before these resolutions could be disposed of, Dr. Foster reported the following additional one : Saolved, That " while the lamp holds out to burn, the vilest sinner may return.'' That in view of this Bible doctrine, we hold that all conciliatory measures should be adopted to prevent a collision between the South and the North, and when all the argu- ments are exhausted, and all conciliation rejected, then we advise coercive measures to be pursued to prevent the desecration and dissolution of the Union. The Union must be preserved at all hazards. After a warm discussion, the Border State Resolutions were unanimously adopted. The fifth resolution of the Crittenden Compromise met with greater opposition, but finally passed by a fair majority. The resolution presented by Dr. Foster was handled severely, and finally rejected by a majority vote. In the discussion on this resolution, violent and eloquent speeches were made against the adoption of any measures of coercion with the seceded States. Dr. J. G. McPheeters then offered the following : Resolved, That the citizens of Monroe County, always loyal to .the Union and the Constitution, in view of existing diificulties which threaten the exis'ence of our glorious confederacy, would tender the foregoing (meaning the Border State Resolutions) com- promise as a basis of settlement ; but in the evenrif its rejection, are ready to declare for the Union as it is, the Constitution as it is, and the enforcement of the laws. This resolution also met with fiery opposition. A motion to table the resolution was lost. Messrs. Marlin, Wolfe, B. F. Williams and David Sheeks hotly denounced the resolution as coercive in its meaning. After a sharp war of words and passions, the resolution was finally adopted. The meeting then adjourned. Among those present were Gov. Dunning, Dr. W. C. Foster, Judge G. A. Buskirk, S. H. Buskirk, C. P. Tuley, J. B. Mulky, Isaac Adkins, Isaac Cox, Abraham Smith, M. C. Hunter, Benjamin Wolfe, F. T. Butler, Elias Abel, Prof. John Young, P. L. D. Mitchell, Hugh Marlin, Johnson McCulloch, Dr. J. G. McPheeters and David Sheeks. The most noticeable feature of the meeting was the strong sentiment publicly and ardently manifested not to usej coercive measures in any case with the South. On the other hand, a few citizens warmly advocated the most advanced views of the Abolitionists. The meeting was largely attended, the court room being crowded to its utmost capacity. The various political sentiments manifested at this meeting illustrate the feeling in the county at the time. OPENING SCENES OF THE REBELLION. On Monday, the 15th of April, 1861, when the news was received that Fort Sumter had been surrendered to the rebels, great excitement was manifested by all political parties at the county seat. The news spread like a prairie fire throughout the surrounding country, and a large crowd of bewildered and anxious citizens assembled to counsel what was best to be done in the awful emergency. Many were so frightened that their senses and judgment refused to act with usual accuracy, and the first thought was to fly for Canada or the Pacific Coast. A large meeting was held at the court house, on the evening of the 15th, pursuant to call. 416 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. to sound the sentiments of the citizens. Unfortunately, a detailed account of this meeting cannot be given. Some five or six of the most prominent citizens and ablest speakers, whose judgment the assemblage was anxious to have and willing to trust, were called out to direct the general mind through the gloom and panic of approaching war to some definite and speedy action. Some spoke passionately for an immediate organization of troops to crush the life from the vandals who had shamefully outraged the national honor. Others, with less fire and loyalty, suggested concil- iatory measures, and spoke doubtfully of the right of the Government to adopt coercive measures with the rebellious States. One man spoke severely against the North, especially the Abolitionists, warmly declaring that they were the cause of the fratricidal war ; maintained with great in- tensity that coercive measures were unconstitutional and unjust, and publicly announced that if he fought at all it would be on the Southern side. As the meeting progressed, it became clear that the great majority were in favor of quelling the rebellion at all hazards without a moment's unnecessary delay. A long series of patriotic resolutions was adopted, declaring as the sense of the meeting that the Union must be maintained, if need be by an appeal to arms. Several citizens earnestly opposed the adoption of one or more of the resolutions. A few days later, another meeting of equal, or greater, fervor and loyalty was held at the court house,, on which occasion steps were taken to organize a company of volunteers. The enlistment was continued, and the organization was completed on the 20th, and the officers elected were commissioned on the 22d. The company began drilling regularly every day, waiting in the meantime for orders to report to be mustered into the three months' service, or even into the State service for one year, or, if no better could be done, in the three years' service. On the 10th of May, the day set for the departure of the company for Camp Vigo, Terre Haute, a large assemblage of relatives and friends gathered to present the boys a flag, and see them off on the train. This was the first company raised for the war, and was at a time when the sentiments of patriotism were fresh and strong, and when the novelty of military preparations fired the blood with the vehement loyalty of the hour. A fine banner was presented to the company by a Miss Mitchell, it is said, on behalf of the ladies of Bloomington, in a brief speech, which was responded to on behalf of the company by Lieut. Black. At the conclusion of this beautiful ceremony, the company marched down to the depot accompanied by the whole town. Old men who had served in the land of the Monte- zumas, or even in the war of 1812, were present, giving the boys a kind word of parting advice. Parents were present who saw their boys for the last time on earth. Wives and mothers who had never known the anguish of separation from dear ones at the stern call of a nation at war, stood with pale faces and streaming eyes, tightly clasping the loved forms, and regretiing at the last moment to have them go. At last the train came in, good-byes were spoken with pale lips, and the boys were OFF FOR THE WAR. , Upon reaching Terre Haute, it was found impossible to enter the three months' service, or even the one year's service, and the company HISTOEY OF MONROE COUNTY. 417 went into camp of instruction. Considerable dissatisfaction had existed over the selection of the ofiScers, which finally resulted in the division of the company, which formed the basis for two companies. About two- thirds of the company remained at Terre Haute under Capt. Kelley, while the other third was transferred to Indianapolis under the command of Capt. W. S. Charles. Both of these incomplete companies sent their Captains and Lieutenants home to recruit their numbers to the lawful limit. This was late in May and early in June. Capt. Kelley succeeded in raising enough men to complete his company ; but Capt. Charles in- creased his numbers to only about fifty. Kelley's men became Company K of the Fourteenth Regiment, three years' service, and were mustered in on the 7th of June, 1861. The regiment moved to Virginia on the 5th of July. About fifty men of the company of Capt. Charles were from Monroe County, and the others were obtained from various localities. This organization became Company H of the Eighteenth Regiment, three years' service, and was mustered in on the 16th of August, and on the fol- lowing day was transferred Jo St. Louis, Mo. Milton L. McCullough was First Lieutenant of Kelley's company, and Paul E. Slocum, Second Lieutenant. James S. Black, of Indianopolis, was First Lieutenant of Charles' company, and Hiram W. Rooker, of Noblesville, Second Lieutenant. OTHER COMPANIES. In June and July, two or three other companies were organized in the county. Daniel Lunderman, J. 0. McCullough, A. R. Ravenscroft and others raised a full company. James B. Mulky and others raised another company, and J. S. Nutt soon had a company of cavalry. Peter Kop also began to gather around him a squad of volunteers. The bugle was heard in every direction. The small boys of Bloomington had an infantry company that was armed with wooden swords, tin-pans, and other weapons of equal celebrity. It was popular, then, to be a volun- teer. It meant a thirst for bl-l-ood. Ladies smiled like the morning at blue uniforms, but gave the frown and cold shoulder to stalwart forms in civilian's dress. Companies drilled almost daily, and attracted large crowds of fond friends who saw no escape for the rebel cowards when the field of gore was reached. All predicted that the rebels would be " licked out of their boots " in a few months. In the issue of the Republican of July 13. appeared the following editorial : Another company of volunteers for the United States service left here on Tuesday last for Madison, Ind., where the regiment is lo be formed. The company is under the command of Capt. Daniel Lunderman, of this place, who has had considerable experience as an ofBoer in the recent war with Mexico, and we have no doubt he will faithfully at- tend to the interests and welfare of the company while they are under his charge. Dr. J. 0. McCullough was elected First Lieutenant and Andrew R. Ravenscroft, Second Lieutenant, whom we have no doubt will be equally faithful to their trust. As many of the volunteers were from the surrounding country, a large concourse of people from dif- ferent parts of the county were present, U> see them take their departure and to bid their friends farewell. The volunteers were escorted to the train by Capt. Mulky's company of infantry, and took their departure amid a deafening salute of musketry. The Bloom- ington Cornet Band accompanied them to Madison. We learn that Camp Noble, to which they are assigned, is beautifully situated at North Madison, which is on a high bluff overlooking the city of Madison and the Ohio River. 418 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. In the same issue, the 13th, also appeared the following : Reckititinq. — Peter Kop and several other gentlemen of this place are raising a com- pany of grenadiers for the United States service. They admit no recruits under five feet ten inches, and equally stout and able-bodied. We pity the rebel upon whose neck the foot of" Big Pete" shall come down with a vengeance. There will be no chance for him to even say his prayers before his life is crushed out of him. Some of the others engaged in raising the company are among our most athletic citizens. Their recruiting ofiSce, we believe, is at Williams & Sluss' livery stables. The company, under Capt. Lunderman, became Company I, of the Twenty-second Regiment, and was mustered into the service on the 16th of August at Camp Noble, Madison. About thirty men of this company were from Owen County and elsewhere, notably from White Hall. The regimental commander was Col. Jefferson C. Davis. On the 17th of August, the regiment started for Missouri, where the boys first saw serv- ice. The company raised by Capt. Kop and others became F of the Twenty-seventh Regiment, and was mustered into the three years' service at Camp Morton, Indianapolis, on the 12th of September, 1861. Only about half of this company was from Monroe County. During the months of August and September, the enlistment of men was very active. The recruiting officers visited all portions of the county, holding war meetings in schoolhouses and churches, and using every art or artifice to secure men for their companies. Every promise and inducement was held out for vol- unteers. It was the fashion then for those who exnected to volunteer or those who pretended that they did, to declare that they would enter no company nor regiment that could not see active service on the field of war, and to meet this boastful assertion the recruiting officers invariably an- nounced that their regiments were destined to be sent speedily to the front. Prominent citizens of the county — men of great social, moral and political standing — were taken along by the recruiting officers to give proper assurances of good faith, secure large attendance, fire the blood of young and old with the glory of war and secure a large enrollment of men anxious to vindicate the supremacy of the laws and wreak vengeance upon the vandals who had dared to trample the old flag in the dust. The presence of ladies at these war meetings' was always especially desired, as in their presence it was much easier to appeal to the courage and man- hood of fathers, brothers and husbands, and fire them to the pitch of a determination to do their share in the defense of their homes. The pecu- liarly thrilling eflfect of the sounds of fife and drum was also well known and a rousing martial band was always present. Late in August and early in September, a company of Zouaves was organized at Bloomington. Early in July, the ladies of Bloomington gathered a large box of blank- ets, towels and other useful articles, and sent the same to the company of Capt. Lunderman at Madison. In September and October, Capt. Isaac S. Dains, Lieuts. Samuel A. Harrah, Albert Adams and others, recruited Company D of the Fiftieth Regiment in Monroe and Owen Counties. About half of the company was from Monroe. Some of ihe men were mustered into the service in August, some in September and some in Oc- tober. The regiment was organized at Seymour on the 12th of Septem- ber, and on the 25th of October, it left for New Albany, marching through the country and obtaining a considerable number of recruits. On the 26th of December, it moved to Bardstown, Ky., where it went into camp of in- HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. 419 struction. The following concerning this company was published in the Republican of September 14: Off FOR THE Wak. — Capt. T. S. Dains' company left here for Camp Morton, Indianapo- lis, on Thursday last. This company was raised mostly in this and Owen Counties — a number of them being from the vicinity of White Hall. While they were waiting for the train at the depot, a beautiful flag was presented to the company from the ladies of White Hall. Gov. Dunning, on behalf of the ladies, made a suitable address on the presentation of the flag, which was responded to by I'apt. Dains in a short address, and by three cheers from the soldiers for their beautiful flag. This makes the seventh company which has been raised principally in this county, and left here for the war. One or two other com- panies are now raising. Monroe County will be fully represented in the contest. The companies referred to in this article were the following : Com- pany K, of the Fourteenth Regiment, Capt. James R. Kelley ; .Company H, of the Eighteenth Regiment, Capt. William Stanley Charles ; Com- pany I, of the Twenty-second Regiment, Capt. Daniel Lunderman; Com- pany F, of the Twenty-seventh Regiment, Capt. Peter Kop; Company G, of the Thirty -first Regiment, Capt. Henry L. McCalla ; Company G, of the Thirty-eighth Regiment, Capt. James Secrest ; Company D, of the Fiftieth Regiment, Capt. Isaac S. Dains. The company of Capt. Secrest was raised almost wholly in the vicinity of Ellettsville during the months of August and September, by Capt. Secrest, Lierits. G. K. Perry and James McCormick. When this company left Ellettsville, they were given a fine dinner, at the conclusion of which a beautiful banner was presented them with appropriate remarks, to which the Captain feelingly responded, and the boys testified their approval with loud acclamations. It must not be understood that the seven companies mentioned above were the only ones then in the service containing men from Monroe County. About half a dozen men had left the northern part of the coun- ty for Indianapolis at the earliest stage of the war, and had succeeded in getting into the Twelfth Regiment in the three months' service, though they were credited to other counties. So far as known, these were the only men from the county in the three months' service. In the Eleventh Regiment was Chaplain H. B. Hibben, from Monroe. In the Twenty- first Regiment, which afterward became the First Heavy Artillery, were about ten men from the county. Four members of the Regimental band were credited to Bloomington. A small squad from the northern part en- tered the Thirty-third Regiment, and was credited to Morgan County. Taking into consideration these facts, and also the fact that several of the companies above mentioned were only partly from Monroe, it may be safely concluded that by the middle of September the county had fur- nished as many as six full companies. This was a splendid showing. CAVALRY VOLUNTEERS. The cavalry company mentioned above, recruited by Capt. Nutt, con- tained only about fifteen men from the county, the remainder being obtained mostly from Brazil and Delphi. The Monroe boys left for Indianapolis about the middle of September, where they were joined by the recruits from other places, and where an organization was effected. This company became K, of the Second Cavalry (Forty-first Regiment), and was mustered in on the 24th of December. Jephtha M. Ellington, of Ellettsville, became the Captain. In September, 1861, the authorities of the State ordered that in each county a thorough organization of the 420 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. militia should be at once effected ; and the Governor appointed James B. Mulky Colonel of the Monroe County militia, with instructions to pro- ceed at once with the organization. Under this order, ten companies were organized during the war, as follows : The Hoosier Grays, Morton C. Hunter, Captain, organized in the autumn of 1861; the Ellettsville Clippers, Barton Acuff, Captain, organized in the fall of 1861 ; the Monroe Zouaves, Daniel Shrader, Captain, organized in the fall of 1861 ; the Richland Mountaineers, B. W. Rice, Captain, organized in the fall of 1861 ; the Hoosier Guards, H. T. Campbell, Captain, organized early in 1862; the Harrodsburg Guards, John M. Anderson, Captain, organized in the fall of 1861 ; the Richland Rangers, John Wylie, Captain, organ- ized during the summer of 1863 ; the Hughes Guards, James Mathers, Captain, organized in the fall of 1863 ; the Monroe Guards, Isaac S. Bus- kirk, Captain, organized in the fall of 1863 ; the Bean Blossom Rangers, Thomas M. Gaskin, Captain, organized in the fall of 1863. Every one of these companies, in some form, saw active service, as they afterward enlisted. LOYAL MASS MEETING. On the 12th of October, 1861, a large Union mass meeting was held at the court house to consider the state of the country. The first speaker was Hon. Paris C. Dunning, who delivered an address of great power and loyalty. He spoke eloquently in favor of pushing the war with all the energy of the North, and favored measures of greater activity and effectiveness in securing volunteers. His remarks were loudly applauded. The second speaker was Judge James Hughes, whose remarks took a bit- terly sarcastic, caustic vein, cutting like a sword of Damascus steel at the heart of the rebellion. His splendid eloquence, effective imagery, fierce satire and impetuous logic carried his audience before him like a torrent. As he delivered thrust after thrust of wit and irony, and pungent mockery, he was frequently interrupted with tempests of cheers. It was conceded at the time to have been the best Union speech ever delivered in Bloom- ington. The loyalty of the meeting was very decided, and had its effect upon all present. RECRUITING. Late in October, Dr. J. G. McPheeters, Surgeon of the Thirty-third Regiment, came home on a furlough, and enlisted a few men for his reg- iment. About the 1st of November, Wallace Hight, who had superin- tended the manufacture of a cannon at Seward's foundry in Bloomington, left for Indianapolis with his piece of ordnance drawn by six horses. The gun was made of burnished brass, was a six-pounder, and was an excel- lent specimen of workmanship. He and a squad of boys from Blooming- ton were attached to the Ninth Battery. About this time, the attention of the loyal was especially directed to the movement of the armies and to the wants of the boys in the fields and hospitals, and the comfort of the soldiers' families at home more than to the enlistment of men. Early in February, William McCullough began recruiting men designed for the Fifty-third Regiment, and Lieut. Francis Otwell about the same time opened an enlistment office at Fee's store for the Twenty-seventh Regi- ment, in which was the company of Capt. Kop. He obtained about fifteen men. During the months of November and December, 1861, and / / HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. 421 January and February, 1862, Capt. Thomas T, Graves and Lieuts. Alex- ander Jones and John Phillips recruited about two-thi*ds of a company for the Fifty-ninth Regiment, which rendezvoused at Gosport, 'bBgiaaing in October, 1861. About the middle of February, the regiment went ' South over the New Albany road for the seat of war in Kentucky. The men raised in Monroe County were mostly from the vicinity of Harrods- burg. The company became I of the Fifty-ninth, Capt. Graves. The men of this company were mustered into the service on the 11th of Feb- ruary, 1862. Jesse I. Alexander, of Gosport, was Colonel of the regi- ment. During the latter part of March, 1862, M. P. Burns recruited six or eight men for the Sixty-first Regiment, which rendezvoused at Terre Haute. Early in April, Lieut. Johnson, of Capt. Lunderman's company (Twenty-Second Regiment), opened a recruiting office in Bloomington. In May, the members of Capt. Kelley's company. Fourteenth Regiment, sent home to their friends $2,000. As this time also the body of Capt. Kelley was brought home and buried. He had been mortally wounded at the hotly contested battle of Winchester, and after lingering several weeks had died at Cincinnati, where he had been brought by his loving and faithful wife for medical treatment. His death cast a gloom of sorrow over the entire county. ARMY CORRESPONDENCE. During the spring months, the columns of the Republican were full of letters from the boys in the army, and while some were dry, others were extremely interesting. The following, written by Capt. Henry L. McCal- la, is a specimen of the more interesting letters. • The battle referred to 'was Pittsburg Landing: THIETT-riKST ReQIMENT INDTANA VOIDHTBBRS, 1 PiTTSBURCH, Tenn., April 8, 1862. J Dear Brother — This is Tuesday, and I take this chance to tell you that an awful battle has been fought, commencing on Sunday mo'ning at 7:30 o'clock, A. M., lasting until night, and continued again on Monday. Grimes and I are safe. The company be- haved nobly. The Thirty-first will now get its due meed of praise, I think. We lost Orderly Sergeant James F. Fullbright and RoUey Franklin, both shot in the head, and seven wounded, three of them severely — Joseph Lucas, in the hand, slightly; Frank Johnson and Jerry Serrell, in chin, slightly ; John Campbell, in the hand ; Joseph Wool- ery, in the hip, severely ; Wesley PoIley,in the shoulder; Joseph Gaither, in the face, the ball entering the bridge of the nose and coming out under the ear, cutting the tip of the ear. Many more were gruzed. I had a bullet through the top of my hat. John McPhetridge had his leg grazed, and Grimes was scratched in the knee. We will feel the loss of Fullbright. He was the bravest man in the regiment — so modest and so faithful. We buried our old companions with the honors of war, and marked tljeir graves with neat head-boards. 1 met brother Sam on the field of battle for the first time since he was in the service. Thompson's battery, with which Hight and other Bloomington boys are connected, were in the fight all Monday. They fired 1,200 shots. Our regiment (belonging to Hurlburt's brignde) fired forty rounds in one place, repulsed two attacks on the center. Grimes and I furnished our men with thirty rounds more as they were lying down, and these were all expended by night. The carnage is frightful. The field of battle covers over six miles. Daniel Iseminger (formerly of Bloomington), Captain in an Iowa regiment, was killpd. Our Major, Frederic Am, was killed ; the Colonel was wounded in two places ; Adjutant Rose, wounded ; Capt. Harvey, killed; and other oflicers wounded, all of our regimtfDt. Jo. Roddy bore the colors through all the two days' fight, onward, never fal- tering, the foremost in the advance, the hindmost in the retreat. The day of the battle was my first out-door service for three weeks, having been sick ever since we came to this place. Hbney. Many other letters were very interesting. Some contained spicy descriptions of camp life, detailing at length the doings of the day, or 422 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. gave extended accounts of the experiences on long and arduous marches and expeditions. NEW COMPANIES. In May, 1862, the Fifty-fourth Regiment was organized at Indianap- olis for an emergency, and a company was raised in Monroe County by Capt. Daniel Shrader and Lieuts. W. J. Allen "and I. S. Buskirk, which became Company A of this regiment. The regiment, including Company A, commanded by the above officers, was mustered into the three months' service on the 3d of June, and was placed on duty at Camp Morton, Indianapolis. In August, it was transferred to Kentucky, where it re- mained until its term of service had expired. This regiment was after- ward re-organized for the one year's service, but contained no company from Monroe County. Capt. Shrader entered it, however, as Major, and was afterward promoted to the Lieutenant Colonelcy, a most deserving honor. On the 11th of June, James B. Mulky, of Bloomington, was commissioned Major of the Fifty-fifth Regiment, three months' service, and became a very eflBcient officer. Frank A. Rose, of Bloomington, was commissioned Adjutant of the same regiment. These regiments were specially organized to do guard duty at Camp Morton, where a large number of rebel prisoners were confined. On the 1st of July, 1862, President Lincoln called for 300,000 ad- ditional volunteers, and the quota of Indiana was fixed at eleven regiments. The Republican of July 12, said: MoBE Troops Wanted. — It will be seen by reference to another part of our paper that eleven more regiments are to be raised in our State in addition to those already form- ing, one from each Congressional District. Thi4 in our district will be, on an average, about 125 men from each county. We trust that old Monroe will promptly furnish her quota as she has done on all former calls. She has now nine companies in the service, besides a number of persms scattered in companies made up elsewhnre — infantry, cavalry and artillery. Now that harvest is past and our young men more at leisure, we think that there will be no difficulty in raising this addition cents. Sugar, ^ lb 11 to 12i cents. Coffee, ^ lb 14 to 20 cents. MERCHANTS OF THE SIXTIES. Among the merchants and business men during the decade of sixties were Dunn & Co., J. M. Howe, W. 0. Fee, S. J. Wade, George BoUen- bacher, J. S. Faris, Benjamin McGee, Milton Rogers, Mercer & Adams, Seward & Sons, G. W. Batterton, A. Holtzman & Sons, J. H. Hay & Co., E. Johnson & Co., Small k Riddle. Showers, Hendrix & Co., G. H. Morley, D. Batterton, J. 0. & M. L. McCuUogh, M. J. Smith, John McCrea, C. P. Tuley, A. P. Helton, W. L. Bates, Turner & Sidway, Cherry & McKinley, Chase & Co., Munson & Doughton, Stuart & Manley, Kahn & Co., J. Misener, Carter & Pering, E. M. Burt, T. B. McCune. PRESENT BUSINESS MEN. Dry goods — W. W. Wicks, Lane & Buskirk, McCalla & Co., L. S. Fields & Co., S. K. Rhorer, Mefford & Sons. Groceries— D. T. Raley & Co.. Robertson & Bro., J. B. Clark & Son, W. H. Meadows, Lane & Buskirk, A. H. Wilson, J. W. Robinson, Dunn & Co., Col- lins & Karsell, J. W. Johnson, .Tames M. Hunter, J. R. Anderson. Hardware — Stuart & McPheeters, W. J. Allen. Ready Made Clothing — Moses Kahn, Queen City Clothing Store, C. P. Turner, manager; Benjamin McGee. Merchant tailors — Benjamin McGee, John W. Davis, John Ehni. Books and stationery — E. P. Cole, James D. Faris, Hiram Lindley, Lewis H. Anderson. Drugs — H. Lindley, J. D. Faris, Peter Bowman. Agricultural implements — W. J. Allen, Stuart & Mc- Pheeters, R. C. Smith. Wagons and carriages — James Ryan, Gilmore Bros., W. J. Clark, W. J. Alexander, Hoover & Dobson. Jewelry — M. J. Smith, Leveret Cochran, J. 0. Howe, Henry Turner. Boots and shoes — W. T. Blair, George Bollenbacher,' George Atkinson, W. W. Wicks, L. S. Fields & Co., McCalla & Co., C. C. Mefford & Sons, S. K. Rhorer. Milliners and dress-makers — Mrs. Nichols, Mrs. Arnott, Mrs. Gregory, Mrs. Adams, Mrs. Snodgrass, Mrs. Atkins, Mrs. Harrold, Misses BuUard & Cooper, Mrs. Tilley, Misses Faris. Restaurants- Mrs. Lucky, Mrs. Rott, George Buckart. Hotels — National House, L. M. Sanders, proprietor ; Orchard House, Walnut Street House. Livery — N. B. Rogers, Worley & May. Flouring mills— Baldridge & Gour- ley, Milton Height. Saw ipills — Gamel Peterson, Joseph Alexander. Woolen mills— Holtzman & Bro. Spoke factory— Waldron, Hill & Co., Bollenbacher & Sons. Bedstead factory — Showers Bros. Chair and table factory— Showers, Dodds & Co. Tannery — John Waldron. Planing mills — C. J. McCalla. Brick yard — J. H. Garrison. Lumber BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 463 yard — W. B. Hughes. Builders and contractors — Adams & Denton, H. J. Nichols (architects also), M. D. Griflfey & Co., W. C. Black, A. Robinson. Stonework contractors — Byerly & Stevenson, James Voss. Plastering contractors — H. H. & Benj. Voss, R. N. Denton. Furniture — Baker & Neeld, Matthews & Turner. Barbers — W. T. Voss, Ephraim Hughes, Benjamin Boss, William ProflFet, Daniel Pinkston. Butchers — Cron & Roseberry, J. M. Phillips & Co., Walker & Bro., Bult & McConnell. Foundry and machine shops — Seward Bros. Cigar Manufactory — George Seiner. Stone quarries — Matthew Dillon, Moses Dunn, John Baldofl". THE FIRST INCORPORATION. As early as the 5th of March, 1827, the citizens of Bloomington, pur- suant to notice, met at the court house to ascertain at the polls whether the county seat should become the incorporated town of Bloomington. Ellis Stone was made President of the meeting, and Benjamin V. Peele Secretary. On motion, it was decided to test the question viva voce, which was done with the following result : For incorporation, 18 ; against incorporation, 3 ; majority in favor of incorporation, 15. An election of the necessary Trustees was ordered, and was held with the subjoined result as shown by the returns of the board of election : At an election held in the town of Bloomington on the 8th of September, 1828, to elect Trustees for Ihe incorporation of the town, agreeably to the act of the General Assembly, we hereby certify that the following persons were dnly elected : Joshua 0. Howe, William Alexander, Asher Labertew, Robinson Graham and Jimes Evans. Given under our hands aad seals this 17lh day of September, 1828. Truly and duly done. Asheb. Labertew, Jacob B. Lowe, Clerk. James Evans, Judges. For some reason unobtainable, the municipal government was per- mitted to die out, and was not again revived until late in the forties. The proceedings of the Legislature were as follows : THE .SECOND INOOKPOKATION. Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Astembly of the State of Indiana, That such part of the township of Bloomington in the county of Monroe as is included within the following limits and boundaries, that is to say, beginning at. the northeast corner of Out- let No. 21, thence west to the northwest corner of Outlot No. 39, thence south to the northwest corner of Outlot No. 88, thence west to the northwest corner of Outlot No. 41, thence south to the southwest corner of fractional Lot No. 2ti, thence east to the northeast corner of Outlot No. 35, thence south to the southwest corner of fractional Lot No. 9, thenon east to the southeast corner of the university square, thence north to the southwest corner of Outlot No. 72, thence east to the soutaeast corner of Outlot No. 75, thence to the north- east corner of Outlot No. 21, the place of beginning, including all the inlots and outlets of said town, be and the same is hereby erected into a town corporate which shall hence- forth be known and designated by the name of the town of Bloomington, subject, how- ever, to such repeal, alteralion and regulation as the Legislature may from time to time prescribe. Section 2 of this enactment provided for the election of a Mayor, a Recorder and five Trustees, who should constitute a body corporate with perpetual succession, and to be known as the Common Council of Bloom- ington. Section 3 provided for the annual election of town officers. Section 4 provided for the administration of justice within the corporate limits. Section 5 provided for meetings of the Council, specified what should constitute a quorum, and regulated the passage or adoption of town 464 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. ordinances. Subsequent sections regulated the municipal government. This act was approved by the Governor January 13, 1845. By an act approved January 16, 1849, the above act was amended so as to regulate the working of streets, and another amendment approved February 12, 1851, the corporate limits were changed as follows: " Said town corporate shall include the southeast quarter of Section 32, in Town- ship 9 north. Range 1 west, and the southwest quarter of Section 33, Township 9 north, Range 1 west, and also the following: Beginning at the southwest corner of Seminary Outlot No. 60, thence with and includ- ing the street to the southeast corner of Seminary Outlot No. 76, thence north with and including the street to the south«ast corner of said quar- ter section secondly above mentioned. This act also provided that eleven Trustees should be elected instead of five, and the name became " The Council of Bloomington." Several changes were also made in the administration of justice. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. In pursuance of the above act of January, 1845, the citizens of Bloomington met in the court house (in March, 1847), and proceeded to ballot for a Mayor, Recorder, Marshal, Treasurer and five Councilmen. Upon counting the votes it appeared that John Lawrence was elected Mayor ; Robert Acufi", Recorder ; A. Labertew, Treasurer ; D. B. Judah, Marshal, and W. M. Smith. Samuel Kirk, J. M. Howe, John Graham and Joseph G. McPheeters, Councilmen. The first meeting of the Town Council was held on the 6th of March, 1847, in the Recorder's office. The first act was to appoint a committee to draft such ordinances as they deemed necessary to be presented to the full Council for adoption or re- jection. Orders were then given for the necessary record books, and the Council adjourned. At the second meeting, Samuel Moore was permitted to occupy a portion of the street for his brick shed. David B. Judah was appointed Street Supervisor or Commissioner. The Council then proceeded to adopt sixteen ordinances for the municipal government. One of the ordinances (which the writer thinks was a good one) was as follows : " 13th. No person shall be allowed to keep a dog within the limits of the corporation. Any person violating this ordinance shall be fined 50 cents for each dog so kept, provided that no person shall be fined more than once during the same year for the same dog." It will be seen that the ordinance amounted to nothing more than an annual tax of 50 cents on each dog. At the August meeting of the Council, a petition signed by one hundred and three citizens was pre- sented the Council praying that the above ordinance be repealed, and after discussion, the prayer of the petitioners was granted. At the next meet- ing, the Mayor tendered his resignation, which was laid upon the table until the next day, and was then refused, and after some promises and assurances His Honor withdrew the document, and the skies were bright again. Samuel M. Orchard was granted permission to erect hay scales on Market street. Considerable time was spent in amending the city charter, which was then turned over to the Representative in the Legisla- ture from the county, to be passed at the next session. In January, BL00MIN6T0N TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 465 1848, a tax of ten cents on each $100 worth of taxable property was levied for town purposes. In February, 1848, the following was passed : " Resolved, That Hon. William Berry is entitled to the thanks of this Council for his promptness and energy in securing the passage of a new charter in the State Senate, which was all that this board asked or desired on his part, and that a copy of this resolution be handed to him." Just what change was made in the charter cannot be stslted. James S. Hes- ter was appointed Town Attorney. Mr. Smith resigned his position as Councilman, and Dr. R. C. Hamill ^as appointed his successor. The town ofiBcers elected in 1848 were as follows : David H. Maxwell, Mayor ; J. Gr. McPheeters, Recorder ; D. B. Judah, Marshal ; Asher Labertew, Treasurer ; Joseph M. Howe, Elias Able, Henry Tanner, Will- iam Owen and Alfred Mercer, Councilmen. Liquor license was fixed at $25. In May and June, 1848, active work was done on the streets and sidewalks. In 1851, an ordinance to tax retail liquor dealers with a town license of $500 (additional to the county license), after long discussion and some strong opposition, was adopted. This was the year of the visitation of cholera, quite a number of the citizens dying. The Council purchased 200 bushels of fresh lime to be scattered through the town, and directed that all saloons should be closed temporarily until the scourge was past. It was during this year also the construction of the New Albany & Salem Railroad was going on in the town. Changes were made in the streets to admit the road. For several years after this expensive work was done upon the streets, so much so that a strong sentiment in opposition to a continuance of a municipal government was developed. This led, in Jan- uary, 1858, to the opening of the polls to determine whether the corpo- ration should be dissolved. One hundred and fifteen ballots had on them the word "yes," and 101 had on the word "no," being a majority of fourteen in favor of the dissolution. The municipal government was then dissolved. The following article appeared in the RepuBliean of August, 1858 Corporation Meeting. — ^Pursuant to public notice, a meeting of the voters of the town of Bloomington was held at the court house in said town, on Monday evening, the 2d of August, 1858, for the purpose of disposing of the pro'perty, money and effects belonging to the late corporation of said town, which corporation has been abolished by a vote of the legal voters of the same. The meeting was organized by calling Samuel H. Buskirk to the Chair, and appoint- ing Milton MoPhetridge, Secretary. The object of the meeting was then stated by the Chair. Robert C. Foster, President of the Board of Trustees of said town, submitted the following statement of the property, money and effects of said corporation, and liabilities of the same, viz.: ' There is due said corporation as follows : In Treasurer Sluss' hands $ 26 00 In Marshal Bight's hands (Citizens Bank) 133 00 In hands of Lemuel Gentry 830 54 Taxes unpaid for 1855 and 1856 1,679 50 Taxes unpaid for 1857 160 00 Due from James W. Throop for fines 4 00 Total $2,833 04 Robert C. Foster offered the following resolutions, viz.: Resolved, That the corporation suit now pending in the Supreme Court of the State 466 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. of Indiana, be dismissed, the appellants paying all the costs that have accrued in the Common Pleas Court, Circuit Court and Supreme Court. Resolved, That the funds in the hands and now due from Lemuel Gentry, Treasurer of Monroe County, and paid in on the taxes of 1855 and 1856, be distributed to each of the persons who have paid the same, in proportion to the amount paid. Retained, that a committee of two be appointed by the President of this meeting to make such distribution, and when so distributed issue certificates to the persons entitled thereto; when Dr. William C. Foster moved to strike out the first resolution and insert the following : Resolved, That a committee of two be appointed to prosecute the suit in the Supreme Court, and to collect the delinquent taxes of 1855 and 1866; which motion was not adopted. Whereupon a division of the question was demanded by Mr. McCuUough, and a vote taken on the first resolution, which was adopted by the meeting Dr. MoPheeters moved to amend the second resolution, by providing that the money in the hands of the Treasurer of Monroe County be applied as follows, viz.: " One-half thereof to be applied for the purchasing of a bell for the court house, and the residue donated to the Bloomington Band ; which amendment was on motion of P. L. D. Mitchell, laid upon the table ; whereupon the original resolutions were adopted. M. McPhetridge offered the following resolution : Resolved, That we receive from Wallace Hight, late Marshal of said town, the notes as money on the Citizens Bank of Gosport, which were received by him for taxes in good faith, and when they were current here; which resolution was adopted. On motion of Robert C. Foster, Resolved, That James M. Howe be appointed to settle the suit as contemplated by the first resolution passed by this meeting. ^ Resolved, That the tax-payers of 1857 who have not paid their taxes, be released from the payment of the same; which resolutions were adopted by the meeting. On motion it was Resolved, That the $133 of the Citizens Bank now in the hands of Wallace Hight, be placed in the hands of the County Auditor for the purpose of aiding the County Board to purchase a bell for the use of the court house ; also, that all the books, seal, etc., of said corporation be placed iti the hands of said Auditor for the use of any future corporation of said town. On motion of William F. Browning, it was Resolved, That the Bloomington Republican and Bloomington Presage be requested to publish the proceedings of this meeting. On motion the meeting adjourned with the thanks of the President for the good or- der and decorum which had characterized the meeting. M. MoPbetkidge, Secretary. Samuel H. Buskirk, Chairman. The following year (1859), the town was incorporated anew, not under a special act of the Legislature but under the State law which thus" pro- vided. Since then the corporation has continued without interruption. In October, 1866, an election was held to determine whether the town of Bloomington should become the city of Bloomington, with the following result: For incorporation, one hundred and seventy-eight; against incorporation, ninety-three. As there were five hundred and thirteen voters in the town, and as a majority of the same had not voted for the incorporation or at the late election at all, the question of incorpo- rating the town as a city was for the time abandoned. In 1868, upon peti- tion of the Town Council of Bloomington, the County Commissioners conveyed to the Council and their successors in oflBce the old county ceme- tery within the town limits. For the year ending April 20, 1868, the receipts of the town were $2,306.49, and the expenses $2,268.94. In 1870, the School Trustees of the town reported that they had purchased ground for the erection thereon of a high school building, and asked the Council to issue town bonds to the amount of $20,000 to defray the ex- pense of erecting the contemplated building. Action on the matter was postponed by the Council until May, 1871, when the amount of bonds asked for were issued, as follows : Forty bonds of $100 each, payable one year BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 467 after date, with ten per cent interest ; sixty bonds of $100 each ; ten bonds of $500 each, and five bonds of $1,000 each, the last due in eight years with interest at ten per cent. A tax of 40 cents on each $100 val- uation and a poll tax of $1 were assessed to meet this expense. The re- ceipts for the fiscal year ending April 30, 1872, were $4,989.35, and the expenses $4,960.04. In August, 1872, the School Trustees reported that $20,000 was insuflScient to" cover the expense of finishing the school building then in course of construction, and asked that an additional $10,000 worth of town bonds might be sold. This was ordered done by the Town Council, as follows : Fifteen bonds of $100 each, due in one year, interest ten per cent ; forty-five bonds of $100 each ; four bonds of $500 each ; two bonds of $1,000 each, the last due in twelve years, and over two years, interest ten per cent. The same town tax as above stated was ordered continued until the principal and interest of the bonds were paid. In June, 1873, the School Trustees asked for the sale of additional town bonds to the amount of $15,000, to be used in completing the new school building. This was done as follows : Fifty bonds of $100 each ; ten bonds of $500 each ; five bonds of $1 ,000 each, all to be due within twenty years and after five years, interest ten per cent. The tax to pay the principal and interest of the bonds was increased to 50 cents on each $100 valuation, with the poll tax at $1. At this time the entire corpo- ration tax was as follows : For corporation purposes 20 cents on each $100 For road purposes 5 cents on each $100 For general poll tax 26 cents on each poll For male dogs $1 each For female dogs .' $1 each For school building 50 cents on each $100 For school building $1 each poll tax Total tax 76 cents on each $100 valuation, and a poll tax of $1.25 In 1873, alarge number of fire buckets, ladders, etc., were purchased. In January, 1876, the School Trustees reported that the new school house was completed, and that an indebtedness of $7,000 had been in- curred in addition to the bond indebtedness of $45,000, in finishing the building, and asked that $7,000 worth of new bonds might be issued to meet such extra expense. The Town Board ordered the following bonds issued : Twenty bonds of $100 each ; ten bonds of $600 each ; all to be due within twenty years and after five years, interest ten per cent. In July, 1876, the Council were petitioned to take action to have the town incorporated as a city, the petition being signed by 217 citizens. An election was held, and resulted as follows: ^For incorporation as a city, 184 ; against such incorporation, 169. The first city officers were C. W. Henderson, Mayor; John Waldron, H. H. Voss, W. N. Showers, A. T. Massey, Andrew Hoover and M. B. Dillon, Councilman. The first meeting of the City Council was held September 13, 1876. R. C. Greeves was Clerk ; C. H. McPheeters, Treasurer ; and James Slocum, Marshal. In a short time, all the old-time ordinances were revised, cor- rected, rejected and adopted, and the new mifnicipal machinery was set in efiiective motion. By April, 1877, the bonded indebtedness of the city was $39,700, there having been paid $12,300. The City Council ordered new bonds, bearing seven per cent interest, issued to the amount of $16,000, that 468 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. amount and $1,700 more being then due, for the purpose of refunding the old bonds at a lower rate of interest ; 120 bonds of $100 each, and 8 bonds of $500 each, were ordered sold. A tax was ordered levied which would pay the interest on the bonds, and at the same time create a sink- ing fund of not less than 5 cents on each $100 valuation, to be used in reducing the principal of the bonded debt. The receipts and expenses for the fiscal year ending May 1, 1877, were: Receipts, $3,318.72; expenses, $3,316.25. School fund receipts, $6,018.95 ; expenses, $5,987.05. The old Pioneer Fire Company No. 1 was re-organized at this time, and fully provided with the means of fight- ing nre. In August, an increase of 15 cents on each $100 valuation was levied for the school fund. C. F. Dodds became Mayor in 1878. In January, 1879, twenty-nine street lamps were erected around the square and along the principal streets, at a cost of about $75. In 1880, permis- sion was granted to S. Solomon & Co., to erect gas works and lay down pipes through the streets of Bloomington. In November, 1880, school- house bonds to the amount of $32,000 were refunded with new bonds bearing six per cent interest. In 1881, permission was granted the Bloomington Electric Telephone Company to erect poles, and stretch wires on the streets. In March, 1883, the City Council of New Albany presented Bloomington with a fine fire engine, as a return for $500 sent by the latter to the former a few months before during the -great flood on the Ohio. The city has at this writing (October, 1883) $1,000 invested in the " artesian well" now being bored on the public square. Ever since the war, the Town or City Board has been constantly engaged in pro- viding the county seat with good streets. The paving, macadamizing, guttering, etc., have gone on until all the leading thoroughfares of the city are water and mud proof, so to speak. Bloomington has without ex- ception the cleanest and solidest streets of any city in the State. The present city oflScers are : C. F. Dodds, Mayor; R. C. Greeves, Clerk; G. W. Reeves, Marshal ; H. H. Friedley, Attorney ; John Waldron. N. U. Hill, J. W. Shoemaker, B. A. McGee, M. D. Griffey and 0. J. Hoover, Councilmen. Following is a table giving the "section of the bore " of the artesian well at Bloomington : Depth of strata. Total Depth. STKATA. Teet. Feet. Surface 6 6 Limestone (grayish) 119 126 Shale (blue) 630 756 Shale (dark red) 20 775 Limestone (blue) 5 780 Shale (brown) 10 790 Slate (dark) 120 910 Limestone (grayish) 15 926 Limestone (brown) 240 1,165 Shaley limestone (blue) 16 1,180 Limestone (light) 130 1,310 'Flint limestone 30 1,340 Limestone (light, latter part brown streaks) 170 1,510 Shale (blue) 40 1.660 Limestone (blue) 40 1,590 Shale (blue streaks line) 60 1,660 Shale (blue) l[835 Limestone (light brown) At 125 feet, struck crude coal oil, and inflammable g*s at about 775 feet, at end of " dark red shale." BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 469 SECRET SOCIETIES. Cecilia Lodge, No. 166, Odd Fellows, was instituted by J. B. Ander- son, G. M., on the 1st of August, 1853, the following being the charter members : H. C. Smith, John W. Smith, L. M. Hays, C. H. Laird, Daniel Shrader, C. R. Miner, John Warner, Theodore Johnson, Peter Cleminson, and Thomas H. Sinex. The first officers were : Daniel Shrader, N. G. ; Peter Cleminson, V. G. ; L. C. Stinson, Secretary ; John Miken, Treasurer. This lodge has endured until the present, and is in a highly prosperous condition, with a membership of nearly 150. It has a fine lodge room on College avenue. Herndon Encampment, No. 56, was instituted at Gosporf, in August, 1858, but in January, 1862, was removed to Bloomington, where the following officers were installed : Cyrus Nutt, C. P. ; C. P. Tuley, H. P. ; M. J. Smith, S. W. ; Daniel Shrader, J. W. ; A. R. Yates, Treasurer. Arizona Tribe, No. 52, I. 0. R. M., was organized in December, 1874, with the following charter members : J. C. Orchard, J. F. Fee, Adam Geiger. D. W. Browning, T. H. Sudbury, C. P. Tuley, J. B. Mulky, C. J. Axtell, W. W. Wicks, I. W. Walker, D. J. Hodges, A. T. Massey, H. J. Nichols, A. W. Rose, J. D. Walker, R. R. Strong, J. A. May, J. M. Mason, M. F. Arnold, H. A. Holtzman, M. C. Fee, R. A. Rogers, J. M. May, C. S. Cookerly, F. M. Bishop, George Findley, T. S. Lyons, Z. T. Coffin, A. Holtzman, C. A. Mobley, R. H. Gentry, Lem. Whitsel, Charles Artz, Fred Fess and C. E. Voss. The first officers were : J. C. Orchard, Sachem ; J. F. Fee, S. S. ; Adam Geiger, J. S. ; D. W. Browning, C. of R. : T. H. Sudbury, K. of W. ; C. P. Tuley, Prophet. Bloomington Chapter, No. 70, F. & A. M., was organized in 1867. The charter members were : Cyrus Nutt, Hiram Gilraore, G. W. Har- din, J. J. Durand, J. J. Hight, Asher Labertew, George Sheeks, M. C. Hunter, J. G. McPheeters, M. L. McCuUough, J. B. Hamilton, Augustine Holtzman, and J. T. Holtzman. The first officers were : J. J. Durand, H. P. ; A. Holtzman, K. ; Cyrus Nutt, S. ; M. L. McCullough, C. of H. ; S. E. Holtzman, P. S. ; J. T. Holtzman, R. A. C. ; J. G. Mc- Pheeters, G. M. 3d V. ; George Sheeks, G. M. 2d V. ; L. Tannenbaum, G. M. 1st V. ; P. L. D. Mitchell, Treasurer ; J. G. McPheeters, Jr., Secretary ; J. H. Thacker, Guard. There are several other lodges in Bloomington — the Masons, Knights of Honor, Knights of Pythias, etc., but the writer was unable to gain ac- cess to the records, and hence must omit an account or them. BANKING. The first banking business was- done in the fifties, by Tarkington & Aikin, who issued ai first only shinplasters : J. M. Howe did the same. In about 1867, the Bloomington Bank was regularly organized, with a capital of about $20,000 ; and soon bank bills were issued, signed by the above men. Missouri and other State bonds were deposited with the Auditor of State, but in 1860, these bonds so depreciated in value as to cause the suspension of the home bank. Its paper was worth only about 30 cents on the dollar. Soon after this, a private bank was organized, and continued until about 1870, when it was transformed into the First National Bank of Bloomington, with capital stock of $50,000 — since in- 470 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. creased to $100,000. The cashier neglected to furnish the information necessary for a further sketch. The actual population of Bloomington in 1866 (August) was 2,118, and in July, 1876, was 2,404. It is now about 3,200. THE SCHOOLS OF BLOOMINGTON. The first school in Bloomington was taught in the old log court house during the winter of 1818-19, but the name of the teacher cannot be given, although it was probably Addison Smith. The next summer a log schoolhouse was built not far from where the old County Female Seminary now stands. The growth of the town was so rapid, however, that it was found necessary within two years to build another log school- house, which was done in the eastern part. In 1822, or perhaps 1823, a brick schoolhouse was erected, which, with the two log cabins and other schools taught in private residences or elsewhere, supplied the town with public schools for several years. In the thirties, forties and fifties, other houses were built mainly for the accommodation of smaller scholars. All these schools were principally supported by subscription, there being no free schools as we now know them. Churches were often used, and the upper stories of business blocks on the square were rented for a series of years by educators, who transformed them into seats of learning. All these schools were more for the use of small children who could not enter the seminary or university. Prof. D. E. Hunter was prominently con- nected with the town schools proper late in the fifties and during the sixties. The teachers of the public schools were mostly ladies, who were scattered throughout the town in buildings which could be rented or leased for the purpose. No grading was done ; the scholars, large and small, in any portion of the town, attended the school nearest their resi- dence or the one where the teacher was liked best. Many of these schools were of the highest excellence, being taught by the graduates of the uni- versity or the seminaries, or had come from abroad to follow their profession. In 1863, the subject of grading the schools was strongly urged, the leader in the movement being Prof. Hunter. The first public meeting of the citizens to consider the subject was held July 21, a large number being present. Prof. Hunter explained the character of high or graded schools. Other meetings were held and arrangements were com- pleted to open the first graded school in Monroe County early in Sep- tember. The Principal was Prof. Hunter ; assistants in the old Baptist Church, Miss Mattie Cherry, Miss Lizzie Anderson and Miss Laura Verbryke ; assistant in new building, Miss M. McCalla ; assistant in Second Presbyterian Church, Miss Mary Anderson. The Principal held forth in the "new building," which was none other than the old tannery on the site of the present fine high school building. Milton Hight was the Trustee, and announced that the school system was " free to all in the corporation." It was found necessary to increase the school fund by several hundred dollars, which amount was raised by subscription among the citizens. At the end of three months, the Principal submitted the following report : Abstract from weekly reports for three months, ending November ^7, 18do r BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 471 Q 1 ,3 1 1 U M 3 s 1 Pupils ticketed 60 11 39 61 80 1 56 3 40 58 54 4 79 7 57 88 144 4 4 19 2 7 ....„ 3 2 64 3 50 7 27 2 10 50 2 7 5 25 1 111 5 48 106 30 5 1 36 15 10 11 "38 64 23 7 5 5 1 3 381 29 Average daily attendance 272 334 Tardy marks charged to parents 358 23 Corporal punishment 20 6 5 23 11 4 10 1 13 129 Parents visited the schools ,. 29 60 Pupils promoted 6 9 3 2 14 3 6 3 74 Pupils not absent 12 Pupils neither tardy nor absent 4 Primary No. 2 was divided, and part of the pupils sent to Primary No. 3. The following-named pupils hare never been absent : Emma Baitertcn, Fransina E. Green, Laura A. Mitchell, Samuel W. MoCune, Caroline Ehni, Eugene Fee, Samuel Cnrry, Amelia Sutter, Charles Tourner, Pauline Ehni, William Finn and William Har- rington. The following named pupils have never been either tardy or absent : Emma Batter- ion, Fransina E. Green, Samuel W. MoCune and Caroline Ehni. The great want is room. If our accommodations were sufficient, the number of pupils ticketed would soon reach 500. The schools have been visited eighty-nine times. Twenty-nine of these visits were by parents. ^ Out of six hundred and ninty-two cases of tardiness, three hundred and fifty-eight (more than half), are charged to parents. The daily attendance has never been less than two hundred and forty-nine. The average is two hundred and seventy-two. The following promotions have been made, viz : Ella Fellowes from intermediate de- partment to grammar school, and Horace Mulky, Fannie Neal, Jane Thornton, Martha Winfrey and Esther A. Smith, from primary department to intermediate. The first session of five months will close January 29, 1864. D. EOKLET HdNTER, Superintendent B. G. S. Soon after the school started, another primary department was started with Mrs. S. S. Getzendanner, teacher. The old Center Schoolhouae, as it was called, was used, also a frame building on Seventh street, be- tween Lincoln and Grant streets. The old tannery was thoroughly fitted up, and four departments were there established in 1864, This was about the state of affairs until the present high school building, begun in 1871 and finished in 1875, was completed as detailed elsewhere, at a cost of over $50,000. Among the high school Principals or Superintendents have been D. E. Hunter, B. P. Gole, G. W. Lee, James M. Wilson, W. R. Houghton and Miss M. H. McCalla. The public schools of Bloom- ington are not surpassed by any in the State, and are far ahead of the average in discipline, and effective, practical work. The school under the management of Miss McCalla is spoken of in the highest terms, as a model of the result of professional skill. Report of the School Trustees of Bloomington for the year ending July 1, 1881 : 472 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. Number of school days 180 Number of male teachers 4 Number of female teachers 10 Male pupils enrolled between 6 and '21 years 266 Female pupils enrolled between 6 and 21 years 260 Males in high school between 6 and 21 years .-. 71 Females in high school between 6 and 21 years 81 Males in high school over 21 years 18 Females in high school over 21 years 2 Males in colored school between 6 and 21 years 30 Females in colored school between 6 and 21 years 24 Males in colored school over 21 years 2 Females in colored school over 21 years '..... 1 Whole number of males enrolled 387 Whole number of females enrolled 368 Average daily attendance 380 Salary of grades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 each $400 Salary of grade 7 $450 Salary of grade 8 $500 Salary of two colored teachers $500 Salary of high school assistant „'f600 Salary of Superintendent $700 Salary of music teacher, 24 days $272 As will be seen from this, Bloomington has a well-attended and in- teresting colored school. THE MONROE COUNTY FEMALE SEMINARY. The old County Seminary was established as soon as the county was, though no building was erected until 1835. The funds from fines, penalties, etc., had continued to accumulate until at the time of the erec- tion of the house they amounted probably to nearly $2,000. The structure was begun in 1833, and completed in 1835. Before this, how- ever, aside from the Indiana College, now the University, Prof. Pering had established in the town a Female Institute, which, from the affability, culture and general worth of the man, had grown into considerable prominence. The popularity of this institute, the effective and satis- factory character of its work, and the fact that the Indiana College ad- mitted no females to its course of study, led the citizens of the town, in order to obtain the best use of the seminary fund, and at the same time secure the higher education of their daughters, to petition the Legis- lature to have the County Seminary transformed into the County Female Seminary, and accordingly, during the session of 1832-33, this was done. This act was approved January 29, 1833, and the Monroe County Female Seminary was established with the following incorporators : John Bor- land, John Eight, William Alexander, James D. Robertson, Frederick T. Butler, Austin Seward, Richard Hardesty, Ellis Stone and John Graham. The building was erected in 1835, was a brick structure 30x50 feet, two stories high, containing two large halls and four smaller rooms. The halls were the principal recitation rooms, and extra care was ordered taken by the Trustees to have them well ventilated. The doors and windows were ordered thrown open at hours of intermission, until the entire volume of air had been renewed. Single desks were ordered to take the place of longer desks, to prevent crowding and discomfort. The first Principal, employed in 1835, was Cornelius Pering, A. M., a profes- sional teacher, never having been engaged in any other pursuit, who about BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 47S two years previous to his appointment had removed from London, En- gland, to Indiana, and had opened in Bloomington, as already noticed, the first female institute in the State. He had been educated at the Royal Academy, London, and had become a member of the London Literary and Scientific Institute. He was eminently qualified for the position, which he filled with the highest credit to himself for thirteen years. His assistant was Mrs. Hinkston, a lady of unusual mental and moral en- dowments, who had herself been educated at the seminary. From the summer of 1835 to September, 1842 — a period of seven years — nearly four hundred young ladies _^msAed the seminary course. The following tabular statement shows the attendance: Summer session, 1835 56 pupils. Winter session, 1835-36 38 pupils. Summer session, 1836 48 pupils. Winter session, 1836-37 37 pupils. Summer session. 1837 62 pupils. Winter session, 1837-38 61 pupils. Summer session, 1838 62 pupils. Winter session, 1838-39 46 pupils. Summer session, 1839 68 pupils. Winter session, 1839-40 60 pupils. Summer session, 1840 79 pupils. Winter session, 1840-41 50 pupils. Summer session, 1841 42 pupils. Winter session, 1841-42 44 pupils. Summer session, 1842 42 pupils. Total 795 pupils. The courses of instruction were divided into three departments — primary, juniors and seniors — and the branches taught in the three de- partments were as follows : Primary. — Orthography, reading, writing, first lessons in arithmetic and Parley's geography and history ; tuition, $5. Junior OlasB. — Orthography, rhetorical reading and speaking, writing in various hands, arithmetic in a manner calculated to insure practical utility, modern geography and history, English grammar and composition ; tuition, $8. Senior Class. — Ancient and modern geography and history, English grammar completed, natural philosophy, chemistry, astronomy, geometry, mental and moral philosophy, rhetorical composition, etc.; tuition, $10. Extra Studies. — French, $8 ; music, with the use of piano, $10 ; draw- ing and painting in water colors, $8 ; painting in crayon and oil, $10; short-hand, $3. There were two sessions annually of five months each, the summer session commencing the first Monday in May, and the second the first Monday in November. The seminary was conducted by Prof. Pering with increasing popu- larity and merit until about 1849, when Mrs. E. J. McFerson succeeded him. In July, 1855, the News Letter published the following regarding her success : Our readers will find a notice in another place of the Examination and Commence- ment exercises of the Monroe County (Mrs. McFerson's) Female Seminary, to take place next week. The name of Mrs. MoFersou, the excellent Principal of this school, is a praise in'our midst. By untiring efforts for seven or eight years she has made the academy what it is, the pride and ornament of the place, and has won a higher and wider reputation as an educator than any lady in Indiana. We hope there will be a large at- tendance at the Examination and Commencement exercises. 474 HISTORi' OF MONROE COUNTY. The seminary had greatly increased in usefulness under the superin- tendence of this lady — not that it was not excellent under Prof. Pering, but the growth of the town, the presence of the railroad, and the advanced views on educational questions, led the management of the institution into innovations on obsolescent customs, and into theories and practices more in accordance with the times. The school was the pride of the town, and the lady was universally beloved for her rare elements of mind and heart. In 1855, a change was made in the mode of support, as will be seen from the following advertisement of the seminary : Monroe (Jodntt Female Academy. — This insiitution will open its fall session on Thursday, the ^Oth of September, 1855, under the charge and superintendence of the undersigned. She would state to the public that a change has been made in the manage- ment of the institution. Under the present arrangement it is to be self-sustaining. She has agreed to take charge of the school and furnish her own teachers, subject to the ap- proval of the Board of Trustees, receiving as a compensation the tuition fees. She there- fore asks a liberal patronage from the public, and requests prompt payment for her services. TUITION FEES. Primary Department $3.00 Secondary '■'"' Preparatory ^-^ Seminary proper 6.00 Music, with the use of the piano 10.00 A contingent fee of 50 cents will be added to the fall session for the purpose of fur- nishing wood. E. J. McFebson, Principal. Bloominqton, September 14. In 1857, Prof. E. P. Cole succeeded Mrs. McFerson as Principal of the seminary.* The following was the announcement of the Trustees in 1858: MONROE OOITNTV FEMALE SEMINARY. Located at Bloomington, Monroe County, Ind., on the New Albany & Salem Railroad. BOARD OF INSTRUCTORS : E. P. Cole, Principal, Miss Louisa M. Morgan, \ Mrs. E. p. Cole, V Asaistantt. Miss Margaret McCalla, ) The next term of this institution will open on Monday, 13th df September next, and continue thirteen weeks. Boarding. — Good board can be had in private families at prices varying from $2.00 to $2.1!5 per week. Desirable facilities are afforded for ladies wishing to board themselves. Arrangements will be made by which young ladies can be boarded in private fam- ilies, into which no male boarders will be received, and where a careful supervision of health and the morals of the students will be exercised. Charges for Tuition. — Tuition in the Primary Department, $4 per term ; Inter- mediate, $5.50; Academic, $6.50 to $8.50. No charges for contingencies. Music, $10 per term. Use of instrument for practice, $2 extra. Drawing, painting, and fancy work in general will be taught at extra prices. The entire expense of a student for one year need not exceed $130. This in- cludes boarding, fuel, lights, washing, books and tuition in all the branches except music, drawing, painting and fancy work. Tuition and other charges must be met promptly within the first two weeks of the term, at which time bills will be forwarded. No allowance for lost time, except in case of protracted illness upon the part of the student herself. This position is taken, that all inducements to irregularity may be removed. Irregular students receive but little benefit from their casual attend- ance, and likewise occasion much trouble, both to the teacher and also to the class with which they are associated. By order of the board. , M. C. Hunter, Sec'y. Rev. William Turner, President. Bloomington, Aug, 20, 1858. * It will be obaerved that the adrertisement speaks of the institution as an academy. It was, really, the Monroe County Female Seminary, made so by the Legislature in 1832-33. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 475 Prof. Cole continued at the head of this institution until 1863. At that time the high school was founded, taking from the faithful old sem- inary its usefulness — or much of it — though it still continued, under vari- ous Principals — Rev. J. S. Reed heing one — to hold forth educatianal inducements. Its day, however, was soon over. The building is now used as a dwelling. THE MODEL SCHOOL. A school which flourished for a few years, as a sort of preparatory de- partment of the university, was the Model School, conducted by Prof. H. D. Riddile. The following was the advertisement : The Model SoHOOt. — The next session of the Model School of the Indiana Univer- sity will commence on Thursday, April 30, 1857, which is the first day of the college term. TERMS : Orthography, Beading and Penmanship $3.00 Primary Geography, Mental Arithmetic and History 3.50 Written Arithmetic, Geography with the use of maps and globes, and English Grammar 4.00 Natural Philosophy, Algebra and Physiology 4.50 All tuition will be required in advance. No deduction in price will be made for ab- sence, except in cases of protracted illness. We hope the patrons of this school will coa- tinae their patronage, as we have been at considerable expense in fitting up the school- room .with maps, &c., making it more interesting for our students. H. D. BiDDILE, Teacher. THE BLOOMINGTON FEMALE COLLEGE. The school law of 1852-53 provided for the sale of county seminaries, and the transfer of the proceeds to the common school fund. It is stated that the Methodists of Bloomington, who had talked for some time of founding an academy or seminary of their denomination, purchased the old seminary at auction ; but, becoming alarmed regarding the title to the lots upon which the building stood, annulled the purchase before the deed was signed. They immediately founded the Bloomington Female College, however, their church being used for that purpose. Rev. T. H. Sinex became the first President. The following was his advertisement in 1855 : Bloominoton Female College and Academy. — The fall term of this institution will commence on the 20th of September, and continue thirteen weeks. TUITION. In Primary Department, 1st Class, embracing Orthography, Beading and Writing, per Term $3.00 In Primary Department, 2d Class, embracing the above and Mental Arithmetic and Primary Geography 3.50 In Academic Department, 1st Class, embracing Geography, Arithmetic, English Grammar, History and Analysis 4.50 In Academic Department, 2d Class, embracing the above with Natural Philosophy 5.00 In Collegiate Department 6.00 Music, including use of Instrument to practice 8.00 Tuition bills payable in advance. Thomas H. Sinex, President. Sept. 8, 1855. In 1856, immediately after the spring session. Rev. Sinex severed his connection with the college, and was succeeded by Rev. M. M. Tooke. In 1857, the courses of study, etc., were as follows : 30 476 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. PACULTT. ReT. M. M. Tooke, A. M., President, Professor of Intellectual and Moral Science ; Samuel L. Bankley, A. B., Professor of Ancient Languages and Mathemetios; Mrs. L. P. Tooke, M. P. L., Adjutant Principal Teacher of Modern Languages and Ornamental Branches; Miss Sarah A. Purdy, M. P. L., Teacher of Natural Science, and Assistant Teacher of English Branches ; Edmond Jaeger, Professor of Instrumental and Vocal Music. COURSE or STUDY. Primary. — Orthography — spelling ; reading — first, second and third Indiana^ readers ; and exercises in mental arithmetic. Model Sthool. — Orthography, reading, elementary grammar, mental arithmetic, pen- manship, primary geography and history. Academic. — United States History, elements of physiology, geography completed, com- position — Parker's exercises, analytical grammar and arithmetic, continued. OOLLBOIATK DEPARTMENT. Firiit Year. — Analytical grammar completed, anatomy and physiology completed, com- position continued, elementary algebra, ancient history, botany, modern history, elements of the French and Latin languages and orthographical parsing. Junior Year. — Algebra completed, natural philosophy, domestic economy, chemistry, rhetoric, natural theology, geometry, logic — French and Latin, elective, with the ele- ments of Greek, also elective. Senior Year. — Geometry completed, evidences of Christianity, science of government, plane and spherical trigonometry, German, elective, mental philosophy, geology, physical geography, elective, moral philosophy, elements of criticism, astronomy, Latin and Greek. Weekly exercises in composition, oratorical readings, etc., will accompany the whole course. EXPENSES. Tuition in primary department, per term $3 50 Tuition in model school, per term 5 00 Tuition in academic, per term 6 50 Tuition in collegiate department, first year 8 00 Tuition in collegiate department, junior year 10 00 Tuition in collegiate department, senior year 11 00 For incidentals and janitor's fees — each term 50 Vocal music through the course, free of charge. EXTRAS. Oil painting , $12 00 Music on piano 10 00 Lessons on organ 8 00 Lessons on guitar 8 00 Use of instruments, each 2 00 Drawing, crayoning and painting, each 2 50 Monochromatics and tissue flowers, each 8 00 Pellis, floral work 5 00 Raised embroidery, in worsted and common 2 00 Spanish and Italian languages, each 6 00 Gymnastics, and ornamental penmanship and bookkeeping 5 00 Music on the piano, organ, etc., extra penmanship, bookkeeping, painting in oil and water colors, may, with the consent of the faculty, be substituted for those studies desig- nated in the course as elective. A large college boarding house was kept on Sixth street, between Walnut and Washington. In 1858, Rev. A. D. Lynch succeeded Rev. Tooks as President of this college. He continued with satisfactory suc- cess until about the breaking out of the last war, when the college was permanently closed. THE INDIANA STATE UNIVERSITY. An early act of Congress provided for the reservation of two town- ships in each State to be devoted to school purposes, and in accordance BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 477 with this provision the General Assembly of Indiana passed an act, ap- proved January 20, 1820, appointing a Board of Commissoners to locate the two townships in Indiana, and appointed Trustees to superintend the sale thereof, and the appropriation of the proceeds for the establishment and maintenance of a State Seminary. In accordance with this act of the Legislature, the Commissioners appointed selected the present town- ship of Perry, Monroe County, as one of the two townships, and made ar- rangements to erect the necessary buildings on the present site of the . State University. In 1822, the Trustees let out the building of two seminary houses, one to be used as a dwelling for a teacher, and the other for the State Seminary. William Snodgrass was to furnish shingles at • |4 per thousand ; John Robinson to deliver brick at $4.75 per thousand ; John Wright, father of Gov. Joseph A. Wright, to do the stone work, and lay the brick in good mortar, made of well sifted dirt and plenty of good lime, at $4.25 per thousand. Edward and John Borland, Samuel Hardesty and David Kello, engaged to do the carpenter work of the small house, which was to be the size of W. D. McCullough's house, which he had rented to Thomas Allen, of Kentucky, except to be four feet longer. These buildings were both erected. On the 20th of November, 1824, the Trustees elected Rev. Banard R. Hall, the first and only teacher of the seminary, to open school as early as practicable in the following spring, at a salary of $250 per year, with the promise of an additional sum if the funds of the seminary would admit. The tuition fee of students was fixed at $2.50 per session, and two sessions were established for each year. On the 15th of May, 1827, the board elected John H. Harney teacher pro tempore of mathematics, natural philosophy and astronomy, with a salary of $150 for the first session of five months, $40 to be paid in advance. On the 2d of November following, upon the advice of the Honorable Board of Visitors, he was elected permanent Professor at a salary of $400 and $40 house rent, with the promise, if the initiation fees of the students amounted to more than $100 per year, to divide the overplus between the teachers to such amount as would not make their salaries more than $6 00. THE INDIANA COLLEGE. At the session of the Legislature in 1827-28, an act was passed to transform the State Seminary into the Indiana College, and Edward Bor- land, Samuel Dodds, Leroy Mayfield, Jonathan Nichols, James Blair, David H. Maxwell, William Banester and William Lowe, of Monroe County, Seth M. Levenworth, of Crawford County, and William Dunn, of Montgomery County, were appointed to make the alteration and estab- lish the new institution in accordance with the provisions of the enact- ment. On the 5th of May, 1828, the above named Board of Trustees met in the seminary building at Bloomington, elected Dr. D. H. Max- well President of the board ; Rev. P. M. Dorsey, Secretary ; and James Borland, Treasurer, and on motion of Mr. Dunn, proceeded to the elec- tion of the officers of the new "Indiana College." Rev. Andrew Wylie, D. D., of Washington County, Pennsylvania, was unanimously chosen Presi- dent of the college ; B. R. Hall, Professor of languages ; and John H. -Harney, Professor of mathematics and natural philosophy for one session, at a salary of $400 per year, with the addition of $40 to Harney for 478 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. house rent. The following is a copy of an allowance made to Joseph A. Wright, afterward Governor of Indiana : Mat, 12, 1828. Ordered, That Joseph A. Wright be allowed for ringing the college bell, making fires in the college building during the last session of the State Seminary, $16.25; also for lock, bell-rope and brooms $1.37J, and that the Treasurer of the late State Seminary pay the same. In the fall of 1828, President Andrew Wylie, having accepted the position tendered him by the Trustees, arrived in Bloomington, and the occasion was considered of much importance ; a torch- light procession and public illumination was given in his honor. President Wylie 's connec- tion with the college proved very advantageous, not only to that institu- tion, but to Bloomington and Monroe County. He was famed for his. learning all over the East and South, and soon students from distant States came to Bloomington to place themselves under his instruction. But the sudden and permanent popularity of President Wylie led to bitter jealousy on the part of Profs. Hall and Harney, who no doubt envied him his good fortune, and wished for the possession of his place and hon- ors. The unpleasantness ceased with the permanent departure of Hall and Harney, in 1832. The college flourished greatly under the man- agement of President Wylie, and its influence was soon felt upon the com- munity. People of culture and refinement came to reside in the town ; churches grew strong, and shed their influence abroad, and the presence of superior intellectual and moral culture gave a tone to Bloomington so- ciety that had a marked efi"ect upon youth, and made the town justly famous throughout the State. THE STATE UNIVERSITY. In 1838, an act was passed by the Legislature to establish a univer- sity in the State, and John Law, of Knox County, Robert Dale Owen, of Posey County, Richard W. Thompson, of Lawrence County, Samuel R. Hosovuer, of Wayne County^ P. C. Dunning, James Blair, Joshua 0. Howe, Chesley D. Bailey, William Turner and Leroy Mayfield, of Mon- roe County, were appointed Trustees to make the change from Indiana College to Indiana University. The Board of Trustees met on the 24th of May, 1838, elected Paris C. Dunning, President of the board, and James D. Maxwell, Secretary, and made such changes as they deemed necessary. A new building was erected of brick, and the course of study was widened. Andrew Wylie, D. D., served as President until his death in 1851, when, for two years, Theophilus A. Wylie, Daniel Reed and Alfred Ryors acted as such. In 185:^, William M. Daily was appointed President, serving as such until 1858, when, owing to serious trouble which arose, he resigned. On All Fools' Day. 1854, the college build- ing was destroyed by fire, which loss embarrassed the institution very much, as not only were the recitation rooms gone, but a valuable library of rare works was burned. This was no doubt the work of an incendiary. ' The citizens immediately went to work to raise funds for a new building. They received a meager sum from the State, and in 1859 completed the present college building, on the old campus south of town. After the resignation of President Daily, in 1858, T. A. Wylie acted as such for a year, and John H. Lathrop for a year, or until 1860, when Cyrus Nutt BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 479 was appointed, the latter serving from 1860 to 1875. In the last-named year, Lemuel Moss, D. D., LL. D., was chosen President, in which ca- pacity he is still serving. A detailed history of this university cannot be given in this volume ; neither can suitable or merited personal sketches be written of the many eminent men who have been connected with it, or who have gone as students from its halls to honored positions in almost every State in the Union. It is appropriate, however, to say that the institution has been the soul of Bloomington. A majority of the older citizens are graduates or under-graduates, and their children and grand- children are now treading in their footsteps. The fine brick building, erected on the old campus late in the seventies for the scientific department, was destroyed bv lightning in July, 188^. The loss is said to have been $300,000. The library of 12,000 volumes, the Owen collection of fossils, etc., and other valuable articles were de- stroyed. In 1883, the Trustees of the University purchased a tract of twenty acres in Dunn's Woods, fronting Fifth street, and made prepara- tions to erect thereon two brick buildings, one for the main university ed- ifice, and another for the scientific department. The estimated cost of each building is about $60,000. The old building is to be used as a pre- paratory department. The twenty acres cost $6,000. This is the sit- uation at present (October 20, 1883). THE CHUCHES OF BLOOMINGTON. The Presbyterian Church of Bloomington was organized September 26, 1819, by Rev. Isaac Reed, the first members being Henry Kirkman, Mary Kerkum, David H. Maxwell, Mary D. Maxwell, John Ketchum, Elizabeth Ketchum, Elizabeth Anderson, Elizabeth Lucas and Patsey Baugh. The church was organized at the old log court house which stood where the jail now does. The first three baptized were the children of Dr. Maxwell — Martha Ann, James Darwin and Samuel Franklin. The first regular minister was Rev. David C. Proctor, who assumed the charge in 1822, preaching three-fourth's of his time at Indianapolis, and the remainder at Bloomington. In 1825, he was succeeded by Rev. B. R. Hall, Principal of the State Seminary (now the University). Andrew Wylie, D. D., supplied the church from 1830 to 1834. He was Presi- dent of the Indiana College, into which the State Seminary had been transformed in 1828. Rev. Ranson Hawley served from 1834 to 1841 ; Rev. W. W. Martin, from 1843 to 1845 ; Rev. Alfred Ryors, from 1845 to 1847 ; Rev. Levi Hughes, from 1847 to 1851 ; Rev. Thomas Alex- ander, from 1851 to 1853 ; Rev. F. H. Laird, from 1855 to 1856 ; Rev. Lowman Hall, from 1856 to 1857 ; Rev. T. M. Hopkins, from" 1858 to 1869 ; Rev. A. Y. Moore in 1869. The first church was erected in 1826, and the last, the present one, in 1859-63. In June, 1852, the Second- Presbyterian Church was organized with a membership of eleven, eight of whom had been connected with the other church. Rev. Bishop became stated supply of the church, and con- tinued with it until 1867. Rev. Elisha Ballentine, after 1854, supplied the pulpit during the absence of Rev. Bishop. Rev. Ballentine served from 1867 to 1869 without assistance. In April, 1870, the First and Second Churches were united under 480 HISTORY OF MONROE COTJNTY. the pastorfite of Rev. A. Y. Moore, and were called the Walnut Street Presbyterian Church. Thus the church remains at present with a mem- bership of about 250. Since the organization of the church in 1819, there have been received into its communion through the First, Second and United organizations, 812 members. Twelve ministers of the Gospel have gone forth from the church. The United Presbyterian Church of Bloomington is composed of three branches — the Associated Presbyterian (Seceder), the Associated / Reformed Presbyterian (Union), and the Reformed Presbyterian (N. L. Covenanter), which were separately organized in I'^SS, 1834 and 1838 respectively. The three branches remained apart until 1864, when the Associate Reformed under Rev. William Turner and the Associate under Rev. John Bryan came together and formed the United Presbyterian congregation. In 1869, the Reformed congregation, under Rev. T. A. Wylie, came into the union. The early accounts of the separate branches are meager. The members were mostly from North Carolina, having left there owing to their abhorrence to slavery. They were largely farmers and were scattered outside of the county seat. At the time of union the mem- bership was about 200. It is now nearly 250. Their church, in the northern part of the city, was built early in the seventies. Rev. W. P. McNary became pastor in 1870. The Methodists organized their class at Bloomington in 1820, and built their church about six years later. Among the early members were ■Joshua 0. Howe and wife, Daniel Rawlins and wife, Benjamin Freeland and wife, Samuel Hardesty and wife, Ebenezer Shepard and wife, Mrs. Wright, Jonathan Legg and wife, Naomi Otwell and family, James H. King and wife, Abraham Pauley and others. The Wrights did the brick work on the old church. Elias Abel wheeled mortar. The build- ing cost about $600. In the forties, it was sold to the Baptists, and in the sixties to the Catholics, who yet own it. In about 1846, the Method- ists erected a new church. Rev. Owen was pastor at the time. It was the early custom in this church to have a door-keeper, and instead of a bell a great tin horn called to the house of worship. Other members in early years were the families of John S. Watts, Benjamin Neeld, J. D. Robertson, C. G. Ballard, J. S. Jones, W. B. Waugh, Zimri Worley, John Henry, G. W. Moore, J. W. Throop, C. P. Hester, B. F. Crary, W. F. Browning, J. W. Davis, Wesley Robertson, and others. The present church was built about 1873 and cost about $12,000. The Christians, or Campbellites, organized a class not far from 1820, and built a church late in the twenties. The families of Haws Arm- strong, David Batterton, William Armstrong, Eli Lee, George Isominger, Johnson McCuUough, D. C. Smith, D. Eckles, J. W. Hardin, John P. Rader, William A. Clark, Thomas N. Williams, D. F. Tilford, and many others were members. They have had two houses since. The Baptists started a small class at a little later period, the leading members being the Fosters, the Stones, the Vanoys and others. They built a brick church also, but were not as strong as the other three de- nominations. In 1861, the following statistics of the four churches — Methodist, Presbyterian, Christian and Baptist — were ordered prepared by the Bloomington Ministerial Association : PERRY TOWNSHIP. 481 OHUBCIHES. I 0. S. Presbyterian N. S. Presbyterian V. Presbyterian (Prof. Wylie's^ . V. Presbyterian (Mr. Turner's). Methodist Baptist Christian 360 225 300 500 600 250 409 200 160 100 260 300 200 105 83 60 226 230 40 175 26 36 30 100 50 75 70 35 125 130 40 100 Totals 2526 1200 916 280 540 Counting the number from the country attending the above churches, as about equal to the statistics of Mr. Turner's church, we have in Bloomington, church sittings, 2,025; attending church, 950; members, 690 ; prayer meetings, 7 ; attendance, 180 ; and in , Sabbath school, 405. Taking the population of Bloomington as 2,200, and counting of this number 600 for the children, we have as not usually attending church 640 ; not members of church, 900 ; children not in Sabbath school, about 200. Surely, if these statistics approximate the truth, there is much ground still to be occupied. Other religious classes have been organized since then. The Cath- olics have a small organization, and have a handsome brick church west of the railroad, on Sixth street. The colored people have two small brick churches in the city. Bloomington may be compared to Oberlin, Ohio, in the number of its colored population, and in many other respects — such as churches and schools. The city contains over 100 colored peo- ple, many of whom are well educated and well mannered. PERRY TOWNSHIP. TIMBER, SOIL, ETC. THERE is no better soil in the county than in some portions of Perry Township. That fine, small stream. Clear Creek, has its source with- in its limits ; and along many of the smaller branches are heavy deposits of mingled silica and alluvium, which constitute the basis of the very best soil for all the cereals, and for grass — especially timothy and clover, the staple grasses of the Mississippi Valley. There is no better soil in the State for wheat than in a few places in Perry Township ; but corn re- quires more alluvium than the surface generally affords, though here and there are fields which much resemble the black corn-fields of Illinois, Iowa and Northern Missouri. Springs of good water abound. In the eastern part, a few are slightly impregnated with sulphur. As the early settlers did not have wells as we do now, they usually located where some 482 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. good spring promised an abundant supply of good water. Perry had many of these springs. THE SEMINARY TOWNSHIP. Township 8 north, Range 1 west, was one of two in the State of Indiana, devoted by Legislative enactment to special school purposes. The Indiana State University was then unknown, and its future place in the social system of humanity was un thought of. In the year 1820, the General Assembly of Indiana, in pursuance of an act of Congress, selected two full Congressional townships — one in Gibson County, and the other in Monroe County — to be used in founding and maintaining two State Seminaries. The selection was made through the medium of commissions appointed by the State Legislature, such officers being required to locate the townships, and carry into effect other provisions specified. This was done. Perry Township, or as it was only known then. Township 8 north, Range 1 west, being the one selected in Monroe County. Trustees were appointed to superintend the erection of the necessary seminary buildings — two, one for the school, and the other for the Principal to occupy. This work was done in 1822, four sections of land on the north side of the township being reserved for the grounds, etc., of the seminary. The sections thas reserved were all of No. 4, No. 5, the west half of ,No. 3, the east half of No. 6, the west half of No. 9, and the east half of No. 8, making in all four full sections. These sections were reserved from sale, and squatters were not permitted to make improvements, such as clearing the land, erecting buildings, planting crops, etc. It was different, however, on the remainder of the township. The citizens were, of -course, aware that at some future day the lands of the township, except perhaps the reserved sections, would be thrown into . market and sold in parcels to suit purchasers for the highest price that could be obtained. None of the land was remote from the county seat, and much of it was near, and, in addition, the rapid growth of Bloomington, the location of a State Seminary there and the appearance of educa- tors and citizens of unusual culture, caused the soil of Perry Township to be greatly coveted, and early in the twenties its bounds were invaded by an army of eager squatters, who, regardless of the fact that they had no right there, went to work erecting buildings in which to live, cutting down the forests to get fields for agriculture, constructing mills, etc., etc., as if the land were already their legal property. The years passed, but still the lands remained unsold, though quite numerously occupied. The squatters continuously clamored for the sale to be made, and at last, in 1827, the Legislature provided for the appraisement of the land and for its appearance in market. This caused the squatters to become anxious. Several of them had made quite extensive improvements in clearing and building, and the sale meant that their claims should be subjected to the competitive bids of speculators, prospective residents and themselves. The speculators, for instance, could bid on a squatter's claim, and, if willing to buy the improvements which the law of pre-emption required of him, could run the farm above the price which the squatter himself was willing or able to give, and could secure the home of the settler in spite of all that he could do. Nothing serious, however, was done, though there was some sharp competition for tracts of land of superior quality, or of favor- PERRY TOWNSHIP. 483 able location. The appraisement of the land was made by James Bor- land, in June, 1827. The rating of the land was done in June, 1827, as will be seen from the following certificate of Mr. Borland : I hereby certify that the above is a plat of the Reserve 1 Tot? nship of seminary land in Monroe County as rated by me agreeably to an act of the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, approved January 25, 1827. Given under my hand this 15th day of June, 1827. James Bobland, Committioner. The poorest land, class 3, could not be sold for less than the Govern- ment price of $1.25 per acre, and might be sold for any amount above that figure. A minimum price was also fixed for the first and second classes. The sale began in October (the sections and parts of sections marked reserved in the plat not being subject to sale), and during the remainder of that year (1827) the following men became purchasers : Alexander Kelley, Joseph Piercy, John Armstrong, and John GriflBth on Section 1 ; James G. Fleener, Granville Ward, Milton McPhetridge, Isaac Rogers, Aquilla Rogers and Samuel Dunn on Section 2 ; Thomas Smith on Section 3; George Henry, James Borland, Ellis Stone and Hiram Paugh on Section 6 ; Emsley Wilson, Andrew Dodds, Abraham Pauley, Richard Hunter and Alexander Murphy on Section 7 ; Samuel Dodds, Richard Shipp and John Hight on Section 8 ; William Bilbo on Section 9 ; Benjamin Rogers, David Batterton and Zachariah Williams on Section 10 ; John Griffith and Jacob Isominger on Section 11 ; Gar- rett Moore, John A. Wilson and Moses Williams on Section 12; Benj- amin Rogers on Section 14 ; Josiah Baker and Abed Nego Walden on Section 15 ; William Dunning, Levi Thatcher and Williams Knatts on Section 16 ; Isaac Pauley, Daniel Davis, Thomas Carter and Absalom Kennedy on Section 17 ; Isaac Pauley, Edward Borland and Samuel Moore on Section 18; Simon Adamson on Section 19; Jacob Depue, Evan Dallarhide, David Sears and John Mathers on Section 20 ; Robert D. Alexander, William Davis, John W. Nicholson, William Taylor, Michael Keith and David Findley on Section 21 ; John Boltinghouse, William Patrick and William Taylor on Section 22 ; Solomon Butcher, Banner Brummet and James Berryman on Section 27 ; William Taylor, James Alexander, William Alverson, John Musser, Robert Sanderson, James Brummet and Thomas Abbott on Section 28 ; William Alverson, Carey James, David Sears, William Henry, James Parsons and Charles Brookshire on Section 29 ; Samuel Rhorer, Solomon Green, John Smith and Absalom Cooper on Section 30 ; John Smith on Section 31 ; Will- iam Ross and Alexander Miller on Sectian 32 ; George Short and Moses Grantham on Section 33 ; William Chandler on Section 34. These were the only purchasers in 1827, and, of course, include all the squatters who were very anxious to get a title to the land upon which they had been living and had been for years saving money for that purpose. Sev- eral residents of Bloomington and other portions of the county were among the buyers. During the following year, 1828, the entries, though quite numerous, were not half so many as in 1827. After the first rush, the sale languished and fell back to its place with the remainder of the county. The land was not subject to entry in the usual way at the land offices. It was under the control of a special Commissioner who was em- 484 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. powered to negotiate the transfers. James Borland was for a period of years this Commissioner. ORGANIZATION. Previous to 1830, the township remained attached to Bloomington Township for election and judicial purposes, but at the latter date it was given a separate organization and was named in honor of Commodore Perry, the author of the famous message, " We have met the enemy and they are ours," referring to his victory on Lake Erie. Elections were ordered held at the house of Benjamin Kenton, for two Justices of the Peace. Mr. Kenton was appointed Inspector ; Jesse Davis and George A. Ritter, Overseers of the Poor ; Solomon Butcher and Finney Court- ney. Fence Viewers. The first election was held on the 26th of May, 1830. THE TAX PAYERS OF 1841. The poll-tax payers of the township in 1841 were : Elias Abrams ; Robert D.Alexander, who owned 158 acres on Section 21, and paid a tax of $12.48 ; Samuel Boruff, on Sections 4, 22, 27, whose tax was $16.48 ; Edward Borland, on Sections 17 and 18, paid $30.73 ; Solomon Butcher, on Sections 22 and 27, paid $17.01 ; David Briggs, paid $2.05 ; Alexander Blakely, on Section 28, paid $7.27 ; William Blakely, on Sections 21 and 28, paid $14.34 ; John M. Bruster, paid $2.40 ; John Berry, paid $6.67, on Section 14 ; John Blakely, paid $2.05. Other poll-tax payers were Mansfield Bennett, John Ballenger, William Borufi", Able Carter, Absalom Cooper, John Carlisle, William Crossfield, John Cathcart, William Campbell, William Chandler, Thomas Carter, Andrew Dillman, Joseph Davis, Ira Davar, James Dawden, Bailey East, Charles Irvin, John Fullerton, Andrew Fullerton, David Finley, Enoch Green, Solomon Green, Thomas Gorley, Samuel Gordon, Reuben Guy, John Grimes, Noah Hammock, John Howard, Thomas Hemera, Sampson Hemera, Tilghman Howard, Samuel Hall, Robert Hemphill, Andrew Hemphill, John Hornbaker, Joshua Hoover, Joseph Hobson, Robert Helms, Robert Hartness, William Harbison, John Hines, Daniel Isom- inger, Michael Keith, Daniel Ketchum, Thomas Kelsey, Amos Lock, Samuel Little, Isaac Laughhead, Solomon Lucas, David May, Ren Mitchell, John Mitchell, I. P. Mathers, John Moffit, Samuel Mathers, Milton McPhetridge, William McKissick, Joseph Mitchell, Matthew Mc- Phetridge, John Moore, John Mathers, Benjamin Mathers, Ezra Pering, Fleming Parish, David Perry, Samuel Patton, James Riley, Christopher Rhorer, Samuel Rhorer, William Rush, Jacob Rhorer, James Sutphin, J. P. Siscal, James Steel, John Small, William F. Siscal, Samuel Snoddy, John Shields. David W. Shields, Lewis G. Shryer, Arthur Sutphin, Stacey Smith, James Sylvester, William D. Snodgrass, James Sarvis, Joel Thrasher, John Thompson, Gilmore Thompson, Jacob Tresler, John Tate, David Wells, William Wylie, Edmund Waugh, Solomon Wagoner, John Woodburn, Robert White and William White. The highest tax payers were Edward Borland, $30.73 ; Hugh Campbell, $29.68 ; John Ketchum, $29.96 ; John Moffit, $24.39 ; Thomas Carter, $18.33 ; Jesse Dever, $17.90 ; Thomas Grimes, $15 ; Joshua Hoover, $16.85 ; Benja- min Mathers, $15.10 ; Joseph Mitchell, $14.42 ; James Rogers, $15.95 ; Samuel Patton, $13.90 ; John Smith, $22.55 ; Samuel Wylie, $21.50. PERRY TOWNSHIP. 485 THE TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS. The country schools of Perry have been as a rule superior to the average in Monroe County. This is due, in a large measure, to the in- telligence of the citizens, and to the presence of the State University in the northern part. The question of education was brought directly to their door and appealed to their better judgment. Country schools were taught in the twenties — one in the vicinity of the Pauleys' and one in the southwestern corner. Two houses were built in the thirties, and one or two more in the forties. By 1854 or 1855, not less than five houses were standing, in which school was taught regularly — one on Section 2, another on Section 14, another on 20, another on 27 and another on 29. If reports are correct, all were log houses. The patrons of the school on Section 2 were the Hemphills, Currys, Harbisons, Smiths, Westbrooks et al. The patrons of the school on Section 20 were the Snodgrasses, the Perings, the Carters, the Mathers, the Rhorers, the Hoovers, the Finleys, et al. The Nichols, Campbells, Dillmans, Rhorers, Moffits, Blakelys, Rosses, Searses, etc., sent to the house on Section 29. The Moffits, the Adamses, the Pullertons, the Halls, the Butchers, the BorufiFs, the Tates, the Millers, the Lucases, the_Siscos and others sent to the little house on Section 27. The Rdcerses, the Houstons, the Snoddys, the Hemp- hills, the Ervins, the Servies, the Shieldses, the Moores, etc., sent to the house on Section 14. Since the decade of the fifties the schools of Perry have kept pace with the development of the township and the county. There are now eight houses, and more of them are brick than in any other township of the county. The following table shows the teachers of 1880-81, the number of the school district, the enumeration in each school (not the enumeration in each district) and the kind of houses : TBACHEES OF 1880-81. Kate Phillips.... Emma Baxter ... Morris Cain John Holsapple. John L. May .... Ella Vourner.... Lida Pickel Josie Woodward Number Number of of District. Pupils. 1 26 2 35 •S 36 4 33 5 38 6 40 7 43 8 48 Kind and Dimensions of House. Brick, 20x26 feet. Brick, 20x26 feet. Brick, 20x26 feet. Brick, 22x28 feet. Brick, 22x28 feet. Brick, 24x30 feet. CHURCHES. The Bethesda congregation of Presbyterians east of Bloomington was organized in the thirties, among the earliest members being the families of James Paris, David Smith, Thomas Moore, John Gramble, Robert Ewing, Thomas Smith, Martin Gamble, Samuel Curry and John A. Russell. One acre of ground was purchased in Section 3, Township 8 north, Range 1 west. Aoother early class was composed of the families of Hugh Campbell, Andrew Dillman, Joshua Hoover and others. Mr. Campbell donated land in Section 29, for the church, which was built soon after 1855, and was called " Christian Union." 486 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP. SURFACE FEATURES AND GB0L09T. THE chief natural characteristic of Bean Blossom Township is the rough, precipitous and stony appearance of the country. Out- croppings of fine stone are seen all along Bean Blossom Creek and in remote portions of the township. The stream above mentioned enters the township from the east side, about two miles from the southeast corner, and takes a northerly course, emptying into White River, which forms a portion of the northwestern boundary. No portion of Indiana furnishes a more superior quality of limestone. The stone belongs to the Warsaw division of the Lower St. Louis Group, and known by the local name of American marble. It is light gray with bluish streaks, and is susceptible of a high polish. Many thousands of tons of this and otljer varieties of limestone, noticeably the kind so rich in the smaller species of fossils, are quarried annually and shipped to all portions of this and neighboring States. Within the last six or eight years, the facilities for quarrying stone have been wonderfully improved, so that now blocks of enormous size and great value are lifted out, sawed by steam into any shape and size, and loaded with the greatest ease on cars " for transportation. The "American marble" is used extensively for local monuments, affording a cheap, durable and beautiful means of marking the last resting-place of the dead. The geological section at Big Creek Quarry, about one mile west of Stinesville, where the best marble is obtained, is as follows : The Lower St. Louis Group of the Warsaw Division of limestone, light gray, clouded with bluish gray streaks, pleasing to the eye and sus- ceptible of a high polish. It is excellently suited for interior decorations and monumental work generally, as may be seen at Stinesville. This is a valuable bed of limestone and quite acces- sible 4 feet. Lower St. Louis Group of the Warsaw Division of limestone, coarse grained, light blue color, containing the following fossils : Nautilus, Collectus, Bellerophon, Sublseuut, Suomphalus planiipira, E. spur- groneusis, Terebratula bovideui, T. formosa, T. sub cuneata, Rhychon- ellct mutata and R. grosoenari 2 feet. Limestone of the same group, light gray color, soft and easily worked, hardens on exposure, and is entirely without fossils 6 feet. Limestone, same group, dark gray in color, very hard and containing numerous small fossils, highly silicified 8 feet. Total 20 feet. The section at the quarry half a mile west of Stinesville, is as follows : Chert and argillaceous layers 8 feet. Limestone (Warsaw Division of the Lower St. Louis Group), light gray, fine grained, easily worked, without fossils, bleaches white and hardens on exposure. This stone is regularly bedded and accessible 16 feet. Limestone, same group, dark gray, coarse grained and containing fos- sils siliciiied 6 feet. Total 29 feet. BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP. 487 The section at the quarry adjoining the east on the north, is as follows : Ferruginous clay, chert and argillaceous layers 8 feet. Limestone (Warsaw Division of the St. Louis Group), dark gray, coarse grained, hard, water-worn, containing numerous fossils in a silici- fied condition 4 feet. Limestone, same group, light gray, fine-grained, free of fossils and with- out partings or seams 30 feet. Limestone, same group, dark gray, with numerous small (Spurgeon Hill) fossils 6 feet. Total 48 feet. The formation on Section 31, is as follows : Arenaceous soil 4 feet. Chestin sandstone, irregularly bedded, without fossils 40 feet. Argillaceous and cherty layers, containing Zaphreatia apinulora, Athy- ris triuncle a, A. lamelosa, spines and plates of Archsecidaris ip. ; Springopora muUattenuata, Lithostrotion mammillare and fragments oi L. proliferum 10 feet. Limestone, upper St. Louis Group, light gray, hard, siliceous and reg- ularly bedded ■ 40 feet. Total.^ 94 feet. These tables illustrate the wealth of the township in first-class lime- stone. And the beauty of the fact lies in the ease with which the stone is worked. THE SETTLEMENT. The early settlement is so remote that it is difficult to get at with any degree of reliability. The entries of land were early, but many of the heaviest purchasers were speculators who did not expect to reside in the township, but afterward, from time to time, sold to those who located per- manently. John Fullen bought all of Section 4, as soon as the land was thrown into market in 1816. Nathaniel Gilbert, who became a resident soon afterward, bought a tract in 1816, on Section 15. He was one of the first settlers in the township, if not the first. John McCormick, a speculator, bought tracts on several sections, in 1816, and during a few of the succeeding years. Hugh Barnes, another very early resident of the township, bought on Section 20, in 1816, and Abner Evans, who is said by several old settlers to have been the first permanent settler of Bean Blossom Township, located during the same year on Section 21. He built a saw-mill on Jack's Defeat Creek, at a very early day — probably as early as 1819, which was operated by him for a number of years. Archibald Wood, who did not live in the township, bought several tracts quite early — several in 1816. Jonathan Gilbert bought not only on Section 15, in 1816, but on Section 22 as well. He was a prominent citizen in early years. C. & F. Bullett and Fetters & Hughs, speculators, bought several tracts at an early day. Julius Woodward bought on Sec- tion 82, as early as 1816, and William Millikan on Section 34 during the same year. Millikan built a saw mill early, which he operated a series of years. Traces of the old dam are yet visible, a memento of the early times. William Kelso bought on Section 34 in 1816, and soon afterward became a resident. John Bigger bought on Section 35, the same year, but whether he became a resident cannot be stated. Jonathan Lindley who did become a resident, secured'a piece of land on Section 35 in 1816. Phineas Stevens became a land-holder on the same section the 488 HISTOKT OF MONKOE COUNTY. following year. Samuel Jennings also bought on Section 36 in 1816. These were the only entries of 1816. In 1817, Robert Blair bought land on Section 15 ; F. V. Hall, on Section 17; James Bailey, on Sec- tion 23 ; William Puett, bought on Section 25 ; Moses Slaughter, on the same section ; Nathaniel Clark, on Section 26, and John Kays, on Sec- tion 36. In 1818, the entries were as follows : Isaac V. Buskirk, on Section 5; William Ray, on Section 26. John Burton purchased a piece of land on Section 9 in 1819. He became one of the most promi- nent and influential citizens of the township. He founded the town of Mt. Tabor, established the first grist and saw mill there, and was actively engaged in the early history of the village. More of this will be found further on in this chapter. There does not seem to have been a single tract purchased in the township in 1820. In 1821, the following en- tries were made : William Burton on Section 2 ; Francis Evans on the same section ; Anthony Reese on Section 18 ; John Moore on Section 30. Reuben Loving bought on Section 2 in 1824 ; Simon Lindley on the same section the same year. John Lemon bought on Section 3 the same year. John Burton secured an additional tract on Section 11, in 1824, and William Burton increased his farm by a purchase on Section 2, in 1822. Charles Devore settled on Section 17 in 1823. L. L, Waldron bought a tract on Section 19 in 1825, and has since been a resident of the town- ship. William Puett bought on Section 19 in 1827, and John Summit on the same section in 1828. Nicholas Whisenand and Solomon Teague bought on Sections 20 and 21, respectively, in 1827, and Henry Ritzel on Section 21 in 1826. Alexander Wilson bought on Section 27 the latter year. W. 0. Stansberry purchased a tract on Section 29 in 1824, and George Sharp and Armstead Puett on Section 30 the same year. In 1823, Henry Hopewell bought on Section 33, and in 1826 Martin Wampler on Section 36. David Bight bought on Section 32 in 1829 ; Joseph Wampler on Section 30, in 1826 ; Gilbert Lytton on Section 28, in 1828 ; Samuel Hartsock, who is said by some to have been the first settler in the township, on Section 16, in 1830. John L. Ash- baugh, another very early settler and prominent man, on Section 16, in 1831 ; John Blain on Section 16 in 1830; Henry Wallace on Section 9, in 1829 ; Richard Shirley on Section 6, in 1829; Peter Abel on Section 8, in 1826 ; Benjamin Utterback on Section 2, in 1829 ; Andrew Robinson on Section 1, in 1826, and John Barton on the same section in 1828. These were the only entries prior to 1830. The names of all the early residents, however, have not been given. ANECDOTES. Old Daniel McHolland, who settled in the vicinity of Ketchum'a Mills, in Clear Creek Township, in the year 1815, and who was probably the first white man to bring his wife and family to the county of Monroe, became a resident of Bean Blossom Township at an early day. He was a jovial old fiddler of exceptional backwoods skill, and ofliciated in the capacity of orchestra at many an early dance in the township. His musical proclivity was too preponderant for financial success. He owned no land and was content with enough to eat and wear so long as his fiddle could be played upon. He passed away with the old times. At the BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP. 489 early settlement of the township, bears were quite numerous and several were killed. Thomas Allen killed several, and was a famous hunter of deer. A man named Wrightsill killed a bear in 1829 or 1830 south- east of Stinesville. He was hunting in the woods with his dogs and suc- ceeded in treeing the bear in a large sycamore. He was a good shot, and brought it down at the first fire. The ground was so soft under the tree that the falling animal made a deep indentation which remained there for a year or more. The marks of the bear's claws on the bark of the tree could be seen there for several years. Thomas Wilson was another skillful bear hunter. At an early day, he went up to the vicinity of Baker Township, Morgan County, where he encamped in the hollow trunk of an enormous sycamore tree which was yet standing, and re- mained there for a week or more, traversing the surrounding country for bears. He 'killed four or five, it is said, some under rather thrilling cir- cumstances, besides numerous deer. David Ellett killed bears in Bean Blossom Township, it is said. Coleman Puett shot one near the south- east corner of the township during the twenties. Jerry Devore crippled one west of Stinesville in later years, but the animal succeeded in elud- ing all pursuit. Old man McHoUand was an experienced trapper and deer hunter. He killed many of the latter animals in the township. The hides were worth from 25 cents to $1 each, and were largely used for " breeches " by the earliest settlers. When the weather was fair, they were good enough, but in rainy or foul weather they took water like a blanket, and when dried were stiif enough to stand alone. Then it was laughable to see the old settlers draw them on. The " sad- dles " of the deer were worth about the same as the hides. - The venison was dry and required lard in which to be cooked before being palatable. The old settlers much preferred fat and lean pork, combined, to any other meat that they could get. The Baileys and the Turners and others were skillful deer hunters. It is said that one of the Baileys once had a fight with a wounded deer, and had the clothing nearly all torn from his body, besides receiving numerous bruises from the sharp hoofs and antlers before he vanquished the enraged animal. POLL-TAX PAYBKS OF 1841. Ephraim Abel, John Ashbaugh, John Allen, John Adams, William Abel, Elisha Allen, Jacob Ashbaugh, Peter Abel, Joseph Ashbaugh, William Brady, J. V. Buskirk, John Blain, Frederick Burris, Jeremiah Briscoe, John Burton, H. W. Burton, Henry Berry, Jesse Burton, B. R. Byers, Solomon Berry, Zachariah Catteran, Andrew Cosner, Valentine Cline, John S. Constable, John Childers, Joseph Campbell, G. W. Cham- bers, J. M. Campbell, John Cooter, Israel Clutter, Luther Coffee, Elisha Chambers, John Cox, Robert Camden, Jacob Duncan, Henry Devore, John Davis, Squire BUett, D. W. Ellett, Tanner, Moses Fare, P. S. Tanner, W. F. Farley, James Gentry, Lemuel Gentry, Henry Gross, Joseph Houston, Benjamin Houston, Lawson Hewett, P. Houston, Lewis W. Hayes, James Hughes, Felix G. Hite, Nelson Johnson, Samuel Jemison, Joshua Jones, Joseph James, John Johnson, Jacob Keizer, James Lewis, William Langwell, Abraham Lemmons, S. Landy, Law- rence Lytton, Bartlett Laman, Joel Lytton, James Lee, Charles May, G. 490 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. S. Mayfield, John Moore, John McHenry, Harrison Moore, William Neice, Calvin Percival, Benjamin Putnam, William Puett, Hines Paul, Jesse Runnells, W. B. Robertson, John Rocket, A. Shelburh, Willis Smith, Noah Stine, Daniel Summit, Henry Stine, John South, David Stephens, Christopher Shover, Johnson Stites, Andrew Stine, Peter Stine, Henry H. Stine, Paul Stine, Eusepheus Stine, Daniel Stine, David Shook, Hubbard Sharp, John Summit, Richard Shirley, L. Shirley, James Turner, Brinkley Turner, Henry Wilson, James W. Warren, Eli Warren, Austin Ward, Thomas Wilson, Lewis Waldron, Gideon Walker, Joseph Wampler, Hezekiah Wampler, Hugh Warren, Martin Wampler, Emanuel Yates, Thomas Vint, Robert Vint and Lewis Zink. The high- est tax payers were the following: John Ashbaugh, $8.10 ; John Allen, $22.40; Peter Able, $13.27; William Brady, $10.30; James V. Bus- kirk, $18 ; Fred Burris, $8.51 ; Isaac Buskirk, $15.95 ; John S. Barnes, $20.07; Henry Burton, $12.06; George Bowman, $8.36 ; Jesse Bur- ton, $14.15; B. R. Byers, $16.90 ; F. T. Butler, $8.80; John Burton, $17.98; Lawrence Cooter, $11.40: Reuben Coffee, $16.50; Elisha Chambers, $7.55; John Davis, $19.10; Squire Ellett, $7.27; Moses Fare, $26.14; P. S. Tanner, $13.07 ; Peter Goss, $8.12 ; William Hite, $14.79 ; F. G. Hite, $7.22 ; Lavina James, $7.70 ; Lawrence Lytton, $8.65 ; Bartlett Laman, $7.27 ; John Moore, $11.40 ; John McHenry, $10.30; William Neice, $8.65; William Puett, $14.70; Jessie Run- nells, $11.67 ; John Rocket, $10.85 ; Arynotte Shelburn, $7.96 ; Daniel Summit, $7.70; Christian Summit, $10.82 ; Christopher Shover, $7.41; Johnson Stites, $13.70; Henry Stine, $23.65; Hubbard Sharp, $13.05 ; John Summit, $9.53 ; Richard Shirley, $8.10; Thomas Wilson, $25.15; Lewis Waldron, $14.15 ; Gideon Walker, $16.61 ; Joseph Wampler, $10.75 ; Hezekiah Wampler, $34.36 ; Martin Wampler, $9.10 ; Joshua Vint, $11. The total number of polls was 148; acres of land, 13,617 ; value of goods and improvements, $101,605 ; value of lots and improve- ments, $2,883 ; aggregate value of taxable property, $49,515 ; total amount of taxables, $154,003; State tax, $727.32; county tax, $343.97; total tax, $1,071.29. MT. TABOR. The most important feature of Bean Blossom Township in early years was the village of Mt. Tabor. There was a time in the history of this village when it was the leading commercial center of Monroe County, as far as grain and live stock were concerned. The town was the important place before any town was there, if that is not an ambiguous statement. As early as 1820, John Burton erected a saw mill there on a dam which he constructed, and about the same time, or perhaps a little later, he also began grinding corn and wheat, though the bolting of the latter was done by hand. These continued to operate with a wide and useful patronage for several years before any other buildings were erected. It is said that about 1825, James Turner and Jeffersoti Wampler established blacksmith shops there, though probably not at the same time. William Ellett opened the first salesroom there as early as 1828, in the shape of what later generations would demoninate " a saloon." He sold whisky and other kinds of liquor, and within a year began to sell from a small stock of groceries. He remained but a few years. BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP. 491 In April, 1828, the village was properly laid out and recorded at the county seat. W. D. McCullough was the surveyor. Sixty-six lots were laid out on the north side of the creek, and the old plat shows the bridge, the saw-mill and the grist-mill. In 1829, James Gilbert began selling liquor there, as did Andrew Wampier. It is likely that these men were not there at the same time. The first store of any consequence was opened by Parks & Hite in 1829, or perhaps 1830, and during the latter year Hezekiah & David Wampier opened a combined liquor establishment and grocery. Saloons at that day were called groceries, and usually comprised groceries as we know them and liquors which w^ere classed as " wet groceries." The name saloon was never applied to such houses. About this time William BU'ett also sold a small amount of merchandise. In 1831, EUett & Kirkham were engaged in the grocery business together. In 1832, Hezekiah Wampier brought on a stock of general merchandise, which he continued to increase as the years passed, until he had the largest stock, it is said, in the village. John S. Barnes started a store in 1834, and Gideon Walker a grocery the same year. Parks & Hite were yet in business with a large stock and an increasing trade. The Wamplers were similarly situated. John Bennett began to sell goods in 1835. J. K. Hemp- hill was also in business in the town about this time. After this came Wampier, Shelburn & Dunning, in 1836 ; EUett & Barnes, 1837; William Hite, 1839; James Whitesill, 1841; Felix G. Hite, 1841; A. W. Hill, 1843; W. J. Sparks, 1845; Sparks & Davis, 1847 (the Wa.mplers, Sparks, Whitesill. Hill, et al., were yet in business) ; Geoarge L. and Milton Brown, 1848 ; William Houston, 1848 ; John C. Mays, 1849 ; Parks & Egbert, 1849 ; Sparks & Davis, 1849, and others later and on, until about the time of the last war, when Levi Kean kept store, the last one in the village. William Chambers was an early wheelwright. The Posey Brothers made quite a number of hats from lambs' wool, which were bought in the surrounding country. In about 1828 or 1829, Samuel Hartsock bought the old Burton saw mill and grist mill, and rebuilt both on a much larger and better scale. He also greatly improved the old dam,^ until an excellent water-power was obtained. Within a year or two, he sold out to Parks, Shelburn & Hite, and in 1831 Gideon Walker bought a half interest. Other changes were afterward made. The old grist mill had a very large local trade, and in addition shipped by boat to the Southern markets large quantities of good flour. In the thirties, and during about all of the forties, large quantities of produce were sent South by Nathan Hill, Parks & Egbert, Wampier & Co., W. J. Sparks and others. As high as 5,000 hogs were slaughtered there in one season, and shipped down the river. In the spring of the year. White River rose so high that back water on Bean Blossom Creek rose in the town of Mt. Tabor to a suflScient depth to float boats. It is said that when a freshet would occur, a flat-boat would be constructed hurriedly, loaded ^with pork, flour, corn and wheat, and sent down the stream. There was but little, if any, current in the creek, so that the boats were poled down to the river current, after which the hand labor was over until the destination was reached. As high as fif- teen boat loads were sent from Mt. Tabor in one season ; and the season, 31 492 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. be it remembered, was only during the flood of the springs. Dr. W. S. Walker said he went nine times to New Orleans with flat-boats, and Matthias Berry went thirteen times. Late in the forties, it is said, Mr. Hill introduced steam into his pork packing house, to scald the slaugh- tered swine and operate the machinery for hoisting. The trade of Mt. Tabor extended far beyond Bloomington. It is said that Hezekiah Wampler shipped the first boat load of pork, grain and provisions down the river about 1836. Noah Stine owned and conducted a large cooper shop, where scores of barrels were made for the pork packers and the grist mill. Mr. Turner was an experienced gunsmith, and had a big shop. Mr. Chambers manufactured all kinds of spinning wheels and reels. Amsden, Hatterbaugh & Coffin manufactured wheat fans for a few years, beginning about 1836. They employed as high as twenty-five men, and kept four peddlers, with wagons, on the road all the time; this was a very large and important business. David Wampler conducted an extensive tannery. The well-known Judge Eckles was married in Mt. Tabor. Of course the citizens gave him an old-fashioned charivari. A number of tin pans and bells were fastened to the machinery in the old saw mill ; the water was then turned on, and the Judge to be was chari- varied by machinery. The Judge will furnish further details upon re- quest. The village was at its best from 1835 to 1852, and probably did the largest business early in the forties. Its highest population was about 850. William Hite was the first Postmaster. Nathan Hill and F. G. Hite succeeded him. Among the earliest residents were John Burton, Samuel Hartsock, William Hite, F. G. Hite, Hezekiah Wampler, David Wampler, John Cox, David Keizer, Widow Godsey, William Ellett. A man named Moody conducted a tailor shop there in about 1832 ; Edward Ellett succeeded him, and G. W. Boyd succeeded Ellett. There has been nothing on the site of the old village for several years, except the old mills and a. residence or two. The busy business houses, the thronged streets and the buildings have disappeared. In looking at the site of the old village, one is reminded of the lines of Goldsmith : " Sweet smiling village, loveliest of the lawn, Thy sports are fled, and all thy charms withdrawn. Amidst thy bowers the tyrant's hand is seen, And desolation saddens all thy green." STINESVILLB. This village owes its origin to the New Albany Railroad. It was laid out by Eusebius Stine, owner, and John J. Poynter, surveyor, in 1855. on the southeast quarter of Section 17, and consisted of 114 lots, 15 of which were on the west side of the railroad. The village began to grow slowly, but received quite an impetus when the Virginia Company began quarrying American marble west on Big Creek. Samuel Briscoe prob- ably started the first store. John McHenry & Son came with goods within a few years. James Williams sold goods for a short time. Mr. Matheny was probably next, and James Shell next. Thomas Riggs was in soon afterward. C. C. Dunn came in a few years ago and is there now. I^avid Miller opened a store four or five years ago, and is yet in business. The first hotel was opened by William Easton, who has re- mained with it since. Dr. MuUinix was probably the first physician. Drs. BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP, 493 Allen and Greer are practicing^ at present. John McHenry was the fet Postmaster. James Greer is the present agent of Brother Jonathan. The owner of the town was probably the first blacksmith. John Easton was the first shoe-maker. Frank Ashbaugh has been the shoe-maker for about twenty years. Eusebius Stine built the first saw mill at the vil- lage. He also built a small grist mill. These buildings were erected long before the town started into being. Among the early residents of Stinesville were Eusebius Stine, after whom the village was named, Sam- uel Brisco, Thomas Wilson, Charles Miller, Frank Ashbaugh, Mr. Math- any, Jackson Hite, William Easton, George Pugh and their families, and others. The great feature of the village during the past five or six years is the limestone interest. Two or three companies from Terre Haute, and one or two from other cities, are quarrying and sawing and shipping large quantities of excellent limestone. SCHOOLS. The first school, it is said, was taught in the Putnam neighborhood, about the year 1828, by a Mr. Taylor. The house was & residence of logs, that had been vacated, and was then used for several years for school purposes. A school was started about the same time in the north- ern part near the Buskirks. By 1836, there were four established schools in the township — one east of Mount Tabor, one west of Mount Tabor, one a mile and a half south of Stinesville, and the fourth about three miles southeast of Stinesville. Of course the four houses were of logs. In 1846, the number of districts had been increased to five or six. In 1856, schoolhouses were standing on Sections 2, 12, just south of Mount Tabor, 7, two houses on Section 29, and 23. Since that day, the schools have been greatly improved. Mount Tabor had no schoolhouse but sent to the country houses. The building about a quarter of a mile south was the principal one, and this was at first used also by "the chil- dren of Stinesville. Twelve or fifteen years ago, a schoolhouse was built in the latter town. About five years ago, the building was burned and another, which is yet used, was erected the same year. Three famous teachers during the decade of thirties were Eusebius, Euraneus and Ambrose Hinkle, brothers, sons of a wealthy slave-holder of Tennessee, and young men of fine manners, finished education and among the most perfect disciplinarians ever in charge of schools in the township. Euse- bius, the elder, was a Lutheran minister, and often preached in German to members of his church who could not understand English very well. The morning sermon was in German, and the evening sermon in En- glish. The brothers were single men, though the elder married one of the fair daughters of the township. These brothers were in such demand to take charge of the schools that comparatively large amounts were raised by subscription in addition to the stinted amount furnished by the school fund, to pay them for their services. They introduced grammar. United States History and algebra into tbeir schools, and created an interest in improved and advanced education that had a marked benefi- cial efiiect upon all the surrounding schools. Clinton C. Owens was another early teacher of pronounced success. He was finely educated and his discipline was the pride of the district where he taught. At no 494 HISTORY OF MONKOE COUNTY. time since has the township had better schools than under Owens and Hin- kles. The township schools in 1880-81, with the teachers, etc., were as follows: TEACHERS IN 1880-81. Eva Hall Emma Rocke Lizzie Owens William Hoadley Hosea Gaskins... Sarah Williams.., James Morgan.... S. D. Coon Jane Stealey Number of District Scliool Enrollment. 38 23 48 38 36 40 BO 40 24 Kind and Size of Schoolhouses. Frame, Frame, Frame, Frame, Frame, Frame, Frame, Frame, Frame, 18x22 feet. 18x22 feet. 22x28 feet. 22x30 feet. 20x24 feet. 20x24 feet. 22x30 feet. 20x22 feet. 20x26 feet. CHURCHES. A class of Methodists was organized at the Putman Schoolhouse about 1832, and continued to meet there for worship for many years. Among the earliest members were the families of Henry Putnam, James Houston, Stephen Lundy, Joseph Houston, David W. Elliott, Peter Abel, Joshua Jones, B. B. Rogers and Barnard Arnold and others. A church was finally erected in the northern part of the town- ship early in the fifties. The old Baptist Church called "Jack's Defeat " was organized about the year 1840, among the earliest members being the Davores, the Lyttons, the Wilsons and others. Their church, called Mt. Carmel, was erected late in the forties or early in the fifties. After Stinesville started up, the old log church was abandoned, and the Bap- tists, Methodists, Christians, and Lutherans living in the vicinity united means and built a " box " church in the village, which was used con- tinuously until the present, when a new house is being erected (1883-84) by the Baptists. The Methodists will retain the old church. The new church will cost about $800 when finished. The Lutherans organized a class about 1845 or earlier, and soon built a church south of Stines- ville. Among the leading families belonging were the Stines, the Sum- mits and other. Henry Stine, Sr., was for many years the Elder. Other churches have been established in later years. RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. THE EARTH STRUCTURE. THIS section of the county possesses many interesting features, not only from its natural attractions, but from the fact that it was settled at a very early day and grew to worth and prominence while other portions were yet comparatively uninhabited. Of course the township has the usual characteristics of exterior and interior that belong to Monroe County as a whole. There are the argillaceous bluffs, with their soil of semi- RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 495 sterility ; there are the lower lands, where the agriculturist usually reaps his best, if not only, valuable return ; there are the timber tracts, which have been largely denuded of their best woods ; and there is that broken, cut-up appearance so common to the southern part of the Hoosier State. The lower lands are usually of a rich combined soil of sand, lime, clay and alluvium, the latter often predominating and affording a mellow, fertile tract of the greatest value, and one greatly sought after by those who un- derstand the requirements of good crops. An abundance of excellent limestone is found near the surface, and is being worked by numerous companies. The section at the quarry, one and a half miles north of EUettsville, is as follows : Foet. Clayey soil 4 Limestone (Warsaw Division Lower St Louis Group) dark gray, shaly and silicious, containing the following fossils: Nautilus collecius, Bellerophon sublseoia, Orthocerai Sp., Pleurotomirin wortheni. Terebratula formoaa, T. Urgida, Pentremitis conoideus and P. vanonviensis 8 Limestone, same group, light gi ay, fine-grained Ooliiio, containing fossils of the Spurgeon Hill varieties 2 Limestone, same group, light gray. Oolitic, free from fossils, with a vein of Slylolites (called "toe-nails" by quarrymen) running through it horizontally 16 Limestone, same group, dark blue, Oolitic, remarkably free fiom fossils, and susceptible uf a good polish 8 Total 48 At the Matthews Quarry, one mile north of EUettsville, the section is as follows : Peet. Ferruginous cl*y soil 5 Limestone (Warsaw Division St. Louis Group), light gray. Oolitic, Coarse-grained and fossiliferoua , 6 Limestone, same group, light gray, fine-grained, regularly bedded Oolitic, without fossils 16 Total 27 In Sharp's Quarry, near there, the section is as follows : Feet. Ferruginous clay soil 6 Limestone, same group, rough, shaly and much water worn, Oolitic, with many fossils of the Spurgeon Hill species 10 Limestone, same group, light gray, fine grained. Oolitic, without fossils 20 Total 35 The section two and a half miles west of EUettsville, on Section 8, is as follows : Feet. Arenaceous soil 4 Chester sandstone, unfossiliferous 30 Argillaceous and cherty layers, containing water-worn fossils in a fragmentary condition 10 Limestone (Upper St. Louis Group), light gray, hard and silicious, resembling the lithographic limestone of Harrison County. ... 40 Total 84 The State Geologist says : " The Oolitic limestones of Monroe County, by reason of accessibility and other valuable considerations, are of vast 496 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. importance to the material prosperity and progress of the State of Indi- ana." He gives the general geological section of the county as follows : Feet. . Chester sandstone and iron ore deposits 65 Upper St. Louis limestone and cherty layers 35 Lower St. Louis limtstone, Warsaw Division 45 Keokuk limestone, buff colored 7 Keokuk limestone, light or bluish gray 23 Knob sandstone 70 Knob shale, blue and buff colored 130 Total 375 THE EARLY SETTLEMENT. A very large portion of this township, comparatively, was entered in 1816, as soon as the land was thrown into market, and this circumstance reveals the fact that not only was the first settlement before that time, but it was very rapid when thus begun. In 1816, the following entries of land were made at the land office at Vincennes : John Ketchum, on Section 1; Jonathan Lindley, Roderick Rawlins, Joseph Evans and Asa Osborn, on Sections 2 and 3 ; Lewis Noel, on Section 4 ; Jonathan Gil- bert, on Section 8 ; George Cutler and George Sharp, on Section 9 ; James Parks, on Section 10, also James Wright on the same ; Archibald Wood and James Goodwin, on Section 11; Samuel Caldwell, on Section 13 ; John Bigger, James Parks and Samuel Elliot, on Section 14 ; Am- brose Carlton, on Seccion 15 ; Archibald Wood and SamUel Caldwell, on Section 17 ; Jacob Cutler and William Bradford, on Section 18 ; Joseph Harris, on 21 ; John Simons, on 22 ; Ambrose Carlton and Asa Coltrin, on Section 23 ; Chris. Eslinger and John Gordon, on Section 24 ; John McCormick, on 26 ; Jonathan Lindley and John Simons, on 27 ; Solo- mon Bower, on 28, also on the same section Joseph Kennedy, William Thornton and Abel Bigelow ; David Johnson, on 29 ; John Fullen and William Baker, on 30 ; John Perishaw, on 31 ; David Sears and Daniel Zincks, on 32 ; Abel Bigelow, William Oliver and Edward Archer, on 33 ; Thomas Hodges and Joseph Taylor, on 34 ; Samuel Rogers and Benjamin Johnson, on 35 ; Fred Smoyers and David S. Chambers, on 36. In 1817, the following entries were made : Henry Kirkham, on Section 1 ; Henry Wampler, on the same ; Coleman Puett, on 4, William Latherlin on the same ; Joseph Reeves, on 9 ; Henry Wampler and Samuel Hazlett, on 25 ; Eli Lee, on 26 ; Samuel Rogers, on 35. Jonathan Gilbert bought on Section 5 in 1818 ; John Armstrong, on Section 1 in 1819; T. R. Harley, on Section 6 in 1820; Joseph Ken- nedy, on Sectio.n 28 in 1824; Joel A. Dyer, on Section 7 in 1828. These were nearly all the entries previous to 1830. After the rush of 1816, the sales were few for many years. It is difficult to state who was the first permanent settler in this town- ship. Several tracts were purchased in 1816, as will be seen from the above, but so far as can be learned only one family came out that fall to reside in the township during the winter. In about October, 1816, Will- iam Edmundson, without owning the land, located within a short distance of Ellettsville, erecting there a small, round-log cabin, in which he domi- ciled his family. He did not enter his land — the northwest quarter of RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 497 Section 9 — but after a number of years bought it of the man who did enter it — probably George Cutler. During the winter of 1816-17, Mr. Edmundson cleared about five acres for the coming year's crop. No other family is now known to have lived in the township during this winter. However, James and George Parks, George Sharp, Coleman Puett, Lewis Noel and two or three other heads of families erected rude log cabins on their respective farms late in the fall of 1816, or during the winter of 1816-17, and the men lived in the same (" bached ") all win- ter, clearing in the meantime land for the crop of 1817. Early the next spring the families of these men arrived and became residents in the log cabins. Among those who came in 1817 were the families of the Parkses, George Sharp, Lewis Noel, Coleman and Joseph Puett, William Milligan, Jonathan Gilbert, Joseph Reeves, Samuel EUett and probably half a dozen others. Johnston Sharp, yet living, says this was the first settlement of the township. James Parks, Sr., then about thirty-six years old, was the leading man of the settlement. He lived to the re- markable age of one hundred and one years and over, dying but a few months ago. The following, written by him in his ninety-seventh year, will be read with interest : " I was born in Wilkes County, N. C, near the Yadkin River, Septem- ber 26, 1781. My grandfather, John Parks, moved from Virginia to this place before the Revolutionary war, but how long before I do not know. My grandfather was of Irish descent, and my grandmother of Dutch. They raised to be men and women fourteen children ; seven boys and seven girls. " My father, George, was raised and married in the same settlement. My mother's maiden name was Milly Davis. They had six children ; all lived to have families except one. I lived in that neighborhood until I was fifteen years old, when my father, with his family, moved to Burke County, N. C. I lived with my father until I was about twenty-five years of age, when I married Nancy Moore on the 30th of November, 1806. We settled and lived in Burke County for several years. We had ten children, all of whom lived to be men and women except two. Nancy, my wife, died June 26, 1828, and I married Frances 'Kendrick August 27, 1830. By her I had one son, James. " Now, for some of the incidents of my early life. Commence ninety years ago, just after the close of the Revolutionary war. I remember grandfather had a roan horse. He went for his horse one morning, to find that he had been stolen. Great lamentions followed, but a few mornings afterward the old horse stood at the gate well-rigged out with new saddle and bridle — all complete. " When grandfather's property was sold, after his death, a family of his slaves were exposed to sale, which, by his will, were not to be sold out of the family. That was humane in those days. Father bought a boy named Moses, and he and I were raised together. The people of those days were thrown upon their own resources. , No labor-saving machinery. All came out of the ground — both eating and wearing. The men would raise cotton and flax ; the women would card, spin and weave clothing for themselves and children. They had dresses of difi'erent colors and stripes. They got their colors from indigo of their. 498 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. own raising, copperas and various kinds of blossoms. The first calico dress I ever saw father bought for my sister, then about sixteen years old. He gave a three-year-old steer for six yards, which completed the dress. I suppose if the ladies nowadays were confined to six yards for a dress, Ihey would think it rather tight. " Education was quite limited. Our schoolhouse was made of round logs, with a dirt floor. Split logs with legs put in served for seats. Large cracks were left to admit the light. Our books consisted of, first, a primer, then Dike's spelling book, then Dilworth's, then Webster's first edition, completed one list of spelling books. Our first reader was called a Psalter, some old English concern, then the Testament and Bible. These completed our reading books. No grammar, geography nor history was in use that I ever heard of till my education was completed. I learned to cipher as far as the rule of three, and some in fractions ; could write a tolerable hand, and was considered a fair scholar for those days. Our schoolhouse was also used for a church. When young people walked to meeting together, the girls would tie their shoes and stockings in their handkerchief, and carry them on their arm until within sight of the church, when they would put them on, and so march up in style. (We boys were spared that trouble, from the fact we had none). The girls' dress in winter was of woolen goods called linsey; in summer, cotton stripe. Boys' dress for winter was buckskin breeches and shoes — no boots. The custom was for almost every farmer to tan his own leather, and make shoes for himself and family. Our diet was hog and hominy for breakfast, vegetables for dinner, and a hearth full of roasted sweet potatoes for sup- per. Sugar and coffee for only special occasions. Fruit abundant. Peach brandy and honey tolerably plenty ; whisky scarce. There were very few drunkards. No doctors or lawyers. I never saw either, that I know of, until I was fifteen years old. " Soon after the war of 1812, when things had somewhat settled, my father and family with enough others to make a right smart colony, con- cluded to emigrate to some new country. " The Territory of Indiana was the place chosen, and we landed in Lawrence County, on the East Fork of White River, October, 1815. The land was not yet in market, but was surveyed off ready to be sold. We chose our lots, and settled on them, built our cabins, and cleared a con- siderable amount of land. As the sale was to come off the next season at Jeffersonville, a dozen or more of us went down. The land was to be sold to the highest bidder. When the sale took place, a man by the name of Bulslitt, had a longer pole than ours, and ' knocked the persimmons,' sweeping the entire settlement. Not the first man saved his land or im- provements. So we marched home, feeling as if we had lost a friend. I had about eight acres cleared, surrounded by a good fence. The part of the territory where we now live did not come into market until the next season, so we concluded to make another trial. So we moved and again selected our lots.* The next sale took place at Vincennes in October, 1816. By this time we became somewhat acquainted with fever and ague. I was the only one able to attend the sale, and I took the chills while there. I purchased for nearly the entire colony — about a dozen * Tbis selection waa iu the present Richland Township, near EUettsTille, as described above. RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 499 lots in all. After the sale, we went that winter and built cabins on our lots, and cleared some ground. I got in about six acres of fine corn, which was our sole dependence for the year. But lo ! in October there came a frost, which bit the last ear (so with the whole settlement) ! Then we were in a fix ! We had no mills to grind our corn, so we were compelled to pound it into meal. There was one hand mill in the settlement. But the corn was so soft it would neither beat nor grind, until it was kiln- dried. I made a scaffold up in the chimney and dried mine ; then I had my choice, to go a mile to the hand mill, or to pound it. Many a time I have worked hard all day, and at night taken one-half bushel of corn to the hand mill and ground it. " I had myself, wife and five children to feed. That would be thought pretty hard these times. Nevertheless, we never suffered from hunger. I was considered a good shot. In a few hours I could bring in venison or turkey. We also had plenty of milk and butter. So we passed through the season safely. When we first moved here, Delaware and Pottawatomie Indians were plentiful. They were quite friendly, and would often come with their squaws and papooses to stay all night with us. They had a trading house within a half mile of where I now live. In early days we had grand times at log rollings. When we got our ground ready for rolling, we would invite our neighbors to the frolic. Choosing our captains, they would in turn choose their hands, and at it we would go. If ever you saw logs come together, it was about that time. Before we commenced work we had to take a little of the ' critter ! ' It is not worth while to say we did not feel what we drank, for that was what we drank it for ! We had none who might be called drunkards, but such a gathering nowadays might all be counted as drunkards. Such was the custom of the country at that time. Oh, what a thing custom is when rightly considered, whether good or bad. " The year after we moved to the Territory, delegates were elected for the purpose of forming a State constitution. Counties were then laid off and established. Before Monroe County was organized, an election was ordered to choose three Commissioners, a Clerk and a Sheriff. B. Wood- ward, Michael Buskirk and myself were elected Commissioners. We proceeded to organize the county. We purchased a half section of land, where the court house now stands. We laid off the public square, and had a court house and jail built thereon. Lots were surveyed and sold, bringing a considerable revenue. We were now ready to hold court, and the county machinery ready for action. It now became necessary to have a School Commissioner. I offered my services and was elected. " In order to put the school in operation, it became my duty to sell all the sixteenth sections to the highest bidder. By this means, a large fund was raised, and the school placed upon a firm basis (I have to make long strides on account of my records being burned up). In the year 1832, I offered for the Legislature (Lower House), and was elected. I served ray time at $2 per day, and boarded myself. Finding that there was not much money in such warfare, and perhaps less credit, I would not offer any more. Some years afterward, I was again elected School Commis- sioner for the county. At the expiration of my term of office, I retired from public life. (I never was beaten for any office I offered for.) 500 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. " The first President I ever voted for was Thomas Jefferson for his sec- ond term of ofiSce. I have been a straightforward Democrat ever since — voted for all the candidates for oflBce except Greeley. I thought the Democrats got off the track there, and I would not follow them. I have lived on the farm where I now live sixty-two years. I have been the ancestor of eleven children, fifty-six grandchildren, eighty great-grand- children, and five great-great-grandchildren, thus being, at this time, the representative of five generations. " I joined the Baptist Church in North Carolina about the year of 1807. I was one of the charter members of Old Vernal Church, the first congregation organized in this county, Monroe, and was Deacon of the church for quite a^number of years. " I have endeavored to live peaceably with all men, and to live in accordance with the will of my heavenly Master, to the best of my knowl- edge. I have fought the good fight, have almost run my race, and am now patiently waiting for the good Lord to call me home, where there is a heavenly mansion prepared for me not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. James Parks." INCIDENTS. George Sharp, the father of Jonathan Sharp, was probably the most €xperienced bear hunter ever a resident of Monroe County. He had lived before coming to the county in a wild section of the South, and during a surveying expedition of considerable magnitude, had been one of four or five scouts and hunters who supplied all the wild meat required by the members of the expedition. He averaged a bear a day for months, besides scores of buffaloes, deer, turkeys, etc. He killed hundreds of bears in his time, and had many narrow escapes from death, but his incredible strength, coolness, skill, and knowledge of the animals, always brought him through without serious injury. He went armed with a huge butcher knife, the blade of which was one foot in length, and car- ried a rifle with ball heavy enough to bring down the largest game. His son, Johnston Sharp, yet has his knife, which is truly a formidable weapon, and is greatly prized as a keepsake. It was used in killing one of the few bears taken in Richland Township. In about 1819, during the early winter, and just after a light fall of snow, some man in the settlement, in going through the woods, saw a large and curiously shaped track, and could not account for the same. Old man Sharp was called on to decide, and pronounced it the track of a large bear. The trail was immediately followed and led to a large hollow sycamore which stood a short distance north of Ellettsville. All the men of the settlement gathered around to participate in the killing, but were prohibited from using guns for fear, in the excitement, of shooting some person. The tree was cut down. While this was being done, Mr. Sharp, the only one experienced in the habits of bears, was plied with all manner of questions, such as " Which way will it run ? " " Where shall I stand ? " etc., and answered all in a manner to keep his neighbors on the" ragged edge," and make them feel their decided inferiority on questions of bear-hunting. The huge tree came down with a crash, split open, and, to the astonishment of all, revealed three bears — one large one and two cubs three-fourths grown. The dogs to the number of about a dozen immediately set upon the bears, KICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 501 which, severely stunned by the fall, could at first offer only partial resist- ance, and were readily dispatched with clubs and cautious rifle shots before they had recovered their usual strength. One of the cubs caught a dog owned by Mr. Sharp, and was crushing the life out of it, when the irate owner, armed with the big butcher knife above mentioned, ran up and reaching over the bear, struck it to the heart from the opposite side. The yelping canine was instantly released and in a few moments the bear was dead. Several present could not understand why Mr. Sharp had reached over the bear and struck it from the opposite side from which he was standing. He explained that bears when struck with a knife always snapped at and struck with their paws at the immediate object hurting — in this case the knife — regardless of who or what was on the other side, and he cited them to the fact that the bear when struck had bitten sav- agely at the knife, striking also with its paws, and had he been on that side would, no doubt, have suffered injury. He had been in too many hand-to-hand (so to speak) conflicts "with these animals not to know how to use the knife. The three bears were taken and dressed, and parceled out among the settlers, all of whom enjoyed eating a large piece of juicy bearsteak, which, it is said, tastes much like pork, and can be fried in its own fat. Several other bears were killed in the township very early, an account of which cannoc be given. Wolves were very troublesome, and were caught with steel traps. Panthers were occasionally found. A small dog, belonging to Mr. Milligan, treed a large one early one evening and kept it there all night, strange as it may seem. Early the next morning, Mr. Milligan, who had heard the continued barking, went out with his rifle and shot the panther dead from its perch in the tree. It was a very large specimen of its species, measuring, it is said, nearly twelve feet from tip to tip. One morning, very early, James Parks, Sr., was aroused from sleep be- fore the usual time by a strange noise on the door step, and getting up as quietly as possible, he walked to the window, which commanded a view of the door step, and looked out and saw with astonishment and some alarm a large black bear lying there asleep. The settler got his rifle, and taking cautious aim at a vital place of the animal, pulled the trigger. The sharp report was followed by the death growls of bruin, and in a few moments all was still; the bear was dead. The family ate bear steak for breakfast. The Mayfield boys — Nicholas and Elzy — in going from school, saw a dark object cross the path a short distance in front of them, and at first supposed it to be a raven. Going fiirther on, they were alarmed to see a large bear ; and taking to their heels, made for home at the top of their speed, and there told what they had seen. A party of men started out, but did not succeed in coming up to his bearship. William Poe owned a hand mill as early as 1822 or 1823, which sup- plied the neighbors with cracked corn. The meal from this mill and from the old Parks Mill was coarse, and was at first sifted until all the finer had been separated out, when the remainder was used for half-hom- iny. John FuUen operated a horse mill later, and also made a limited quantity of whisky from a small copper still. The Mayfields, in Rich- land, and Allison, in Van Buren, took the earliest stand against the consumption of ardent spirits, and did much to stop their use at log roll- 602 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. ings. Jack Storm, one time in a freshet, endeavored to cross the principal creek in Richland Township, but after getting a severe wetting, and failing ingloriously in getting across, he was forced to give up. From this circumstance the creek is said to have taken its name — "Jack's Defeat." William Rawlins and Mary Sharp were married in 1818 ; this was the first in the township. David P. Edmundson was born in the township during the summer of 1817, his birth being the first ; Lucinda Puett was the second. The settlement of the township was quite slow after the rush was over, and only took place as the country gradually grew from its back- woods condition. In 1841, the tax-payers were as follows : POLL-TAX PAYERS OP 1841. James Armstrong, Alexander Armstrong, E. W. Archer, James At- kins, David Acuff, Jonathan Archer, .James Alsup, John AcuflF, John Bennett, Earlham Bratney, James Bratney, Jr., Nathan Bray, David Byers, Micajah Bray, James W. Coffey, Thomas Copeland, Joseph Camp* bell, John Campbell, Samuel Campbell, William Campbell, Hiram Coffey, Elisha Carter, Thomas R. Coffey, William Claman, John Carder, Lurkin Coffey, Albert Coffey, Aliham Coffey, Riley Coffey, Achilles Coffey, Mat. Clay, William Clay, Cornelius Clay, Peter Coon, Lewis Coffey, W. P. Chipman, Elijah Dunning, Robert Delap, D. D. Duskins, James S. Dowell, J. A. Dyer, William Dyer, Hiram Dyer, H. N. Dyer, William Edmundson, D. R. Edmundson, G. W. Edmundson, Martin Ellett, James Everman, E. P. Farmer, John FuUen, Jr., Lawrence Free- man, James Freeman, Micajah Freeman, Robert C. Graham, W. H. H. Gilbert, William Greenwood, Hiram Gilbert, William Grimes, James Goodnight, David Grimes, Harvey Houston, Samuel Harbinson, James Hall, Beveridge Hall, Andrew Harshboyer, John Hileman, Washing- ton Houston, John Henry, Solomon Hickman, John Horsford, Carey Houston, Henry Hopewell, E. S. Harrell, Jonathan Isenhaw, George A. Isenhaw, John S. Johnson, Archibald Kerby, James Melicote, Jacob Mefford, William Moffitt, William Mayfield, Charles Moore, John D. Mayfield, Nicholas Mayfield, John Maiiis, James Manis, L. H. Moreland, Leroy Mayfield, William Nesbit, David Nesbit, Curtis Parks, Anderson Pinkston, Coleman Puett, Jeremiah Poe, James Parks, Jesse Reman, Jaiues P. Raney, James Robertson, William Robertson, John Robertson, Mathew Robertson, Elias Renana, Joseph Reeves, John T. Reeves, Will- iam Shannon, Gabriel Stine, William Shannon, James Stearns, Samuel Straney, Jolinston Sharp, John Sanders, Joseph Sanders, Luke W. San- ders, Isom Sanders, J. B. Shreeve, John C. Smith, William Stagsdall, Jacob Summit, Joseph Summit, Simpson Sharp, Reuben Shipley, Reu- ben Tompkins, William Thompson, Jacob B. Yany, Pleasant York, Charles Wier, Maxwell Wilson, Zimri Worley, Hiram Worley, George Whiseriand, David Whisenand, Hiram Wampler, Andrew Wampler, Jacob Wampler, Wesley Whitson, Jefferson Wampler, Archibald Wilson, Sam- uel Wier, John T. Wilson, Perry Woodall, William Williams, Godfrey Williams, John Whisenand and" David Whitesell. The heaviest tax- payers were Jonathan Archer, $12.50; John Bennett, $18; James Brantney, Sr., $11.44; Nathan Bray, $14.59; David Byers, $14.02; RIOHLAND TOWNSHIP. 503 Reuben Coffey, $11 ; James Coffey, $11 ; Lewis Coffey, $14.15 ; Martin Ellett, $10.30; Estate of Samuel Ellett, $24.36; E. P. Farmer, $13.11; Bachael Foster, $11.77 ; Samuel Harbinson, $37.80 ; Francis Hall, $15.57; Archibald Kerbv. $11.40; Leroy Mayfield, $18.70; David Nesbit, $25.86; Curtis Parks, $11.50; Meredith Parks, $10.12; James Parks, $10.34; Joseph Reeves, $11; James Stearns, $14.42; Samuel Straney, $18 ; John Sanders, $86.70 ; William Shreeve, $15.95 ; Jacob Wampler, $10.01 ; John Wier, $22.82 ; Samuel Wier, $12.57. There was a total of 165 polls ; acres of land, 18,804|-; value of land and im- provement, $133,988 ; value of lots, $2,985 ; personal property, $42,- 591 ; total value of taxables, $179,514 ; State tax, $839.34 ; county tax, $391.13 ; total tax, $1,230.47. RICHLAND, OR ELLETSVILLE. This town did not have as early an origin as several others in the county. Edward Ellett kept tavern there for several years before it was considered a village. He also conducted a blacksmith shop that was well patronized. He started a small, old-fashioned, up-and-down saw mill early, and it is said that he later put in one apartment of the same build- ing a set of rude stones, and for a number of years ground corn, and probably wheat. The first grist mill in this neighborhood, and probably one of the very first, if not the first in the county, was the rude hand mill of George Parks, which was brought to the township in 1817. It was patronized by all the neighbors until the Mt. Tabor grist mill was built by old man Burton, in about 1820. This old hand mill of George Parks' is yet in existence — in the possession of Johnson Sharp, who operates it on Old Settlers' Day, for the inspection of the curious and the gratification of the early settlers. Old man Kirkham, in the northeastern corner of the township, started a horse mill about 1820, which was quite well pat- ronized for several years. In the month of February, 1837, Reuben Tompkins employed John Sedwick, County Surveyor, and laid out four- teen lots on Section 9, and named the village thus founded Richland. During the same year, an effort was made to secure a post office there, the name, Richland, being selected ; but as there was another post office in the State of that name, it was changed to Ellettsville, in honor of Edward Ellett. In the spring of 1838, Alonzo Beman laid out an addi- tion of seventeen lots, and at this time the name of the village became Ellettsville, the same as the post office. Mr. Beman at this time opened the first store, his stock consisting of a general assortment, worth about $1,000. Within a short time he was joined by F. T. Butler, who became his partner, and who was then in business at Mt. Tabor, packing pork and manufacturing hats to a considerable extent. In 1839, Jeffer- son Wampler opened a liquor store in the little village ; and about the same time, or perhaps late in 1838, Ellett & Barnes started a good store of general merchandise. In 1840, there were then two stores, one liquor shop, one blacksmith shop, one grist mill, one saw mill, a post office and about five families. James Whitesell started a store in 1841, continuing until about 1845. Johnson Stites sold liquor in 1840 ; Isaac Wampler sold liquor in 1841. A Mr. Manville was in business about 1846. H. R. Seall opened a good 604 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. general store in about 1848, and continued nine or ten years. S. B. & 0. A. Harris started with about $1,000 worth of goods in 1848, and in one form or another have continued until the present, if their sons who succeeded them are included. Emanuel F. Faulkner opened a store in about 184y. Parks & Coffey started soon afterward, as did also John H. Reeves, Harris & Dean, Dow ell & Moore. The McCallas. of Blooming- ton, had a branch store in Ellettsville. Dowell & 8tearns were in business in the fifties; G. B. Moore the same, and is yet in business, having ac- cumulated a fortune. R. W. Akin & Co. opened with a general store in 1866. J. M. Campbell started up about the beginning of the war, and F. E. Worley began during the war. W. H. Jackson opened a store about the close of the war, and still continues to make a living over the counter. Parks & Puett were in business early in the village. The Perry Brothers came to the village twenty or twenty-five years ago, and have amassed comfortable fortunes. They are now engaged extensively in the stone business. Among the business ventures at the village have been the saw mill of Sanders & Knighton, many years ago ; Houston's steam saw mill, started in the fifties, and transferred to Perry & Sed- wick, was afterward burned. Late in the fifties, David Allen built and equipped a grist mill at a total cost of about $18,000. It was an excellent mill. After a few years, it was sold to Jesse Draper, and ten or twelve years later to W. H. Jackson, upon whose hands it burned down last winter (1882-83). S. B. Harris built a grist mill about 1870, at a cost of $9,000, and after four or five years added a set of machinery for card- ing wool. Both are yet in operation. The woolen factory cost $3,000. It is said that John Whisenand carded wool at the village as early as 1842, his motor being the tread-wheel. It ceased running about 1860. Early in the fifties, Gilbert May started a good cabinet shop. Shook & Faulkner began manufacturing carriages about eight years ago, and are still engaged in the same pursuit. F. E. Worley opened a private bank in the village about twelve years ago, with a capital of from $40,000 to $60,000. He still continues doing a general banking business, and has the confidence of the community. He owns one of the finest residences in Monroe County. George Fletcher started a planing mill five or six years ago. He is an extensive contractor and builder. About five years ago, a German from Indianapolis erected a spoke factory, which is now owned by Sedwick & Grant, and is not in operation. William Walls is now conducting a good wagon shop. Judson Sanders started a steam saw mill in 1883. These are the more important business industries. In 1860, the population of the village was about 60; in 1860, about 260; in 1870, about 460; in 1880, 586, and in 1883 about 625. INCORPORATION. In 1866, the project of incorporating the village was talked of, but met stubborn opposition from the moneyed element. In June, 1866, a petition was presented to the County Board praying that the village might hold an election, and that in the event of a majority of votes in favor of incorporation, the village might be declared the incorporated town of EUetsville. The plan proposed comprised two hundred and two acres, and the petition was signed by the following residents : W. H. RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 50& Jackson, James W. Coffey, Charles G. May, Thomas Manpin, Nehemiab Sumner, Noel Edwards, W. J. Jackson, Elisha Allen, W. C. R. Mc- Neeley, Henry E. Akin, William Galloway, Samuel Galloway, Joseph B. Gray, Samuel Given, James S. Whitesill, R. J. Mills, G. W. Fletcher,. R. C. Harris, W. H. Corneling, E. E. Moberly, H. M. , Shook, G. K. Berry, E. H. Wood, F. M. Falkner, N. E. Miller, John Cook, H. R. Seall, J. G. Smith, John Dearmon, H. F. Perry, Theodore Sedwick, H. A. Edwards. J. H. Shook, A. Albertson, James S. Share, T. J. Sharp, J. V. Rawlins, R. L. Rawlins, S. F. Edwards, E. E. McNeeley, G. W. Houston, A. W. Gray, G. V. Lane, John Stevenson, Lafayette Truett;, W. G. Jamison, W. P. Davis, Josbrook, J. E. Sedwick, S. B. Harris, J. L. Nesbit, H. S. Hughes, Allen Mills, T. J. Costin, J. M. Harris and Daniel Manpin. The population of the village by the census taken at this time was 388. The County Board ordered an election held, which was done the 16th day of June, 1866, a majority of votes being polled for the incorportion. In September, 1866, the County Board de- clared Ellettsville to be duly incorporated. Officers were elected, but within a year or two the interest died out and remained dormant so that elections were abandoned for several years, when the municipal govern- ment was revived and has continued to work until the present. The present ofiBcers are G. W. Houston, William Miller and Steven- son, Trustees; James Robinson, Treasurer: John Edmundson, Clerkj Robert Fletcher, Marshal. PRESENT BUSINESS INDUSTRIES. General merchandise— G. B. Moore, John Matthews & Son, Harris Bros. Drugs — Hughes & Whitted, J. F. Harris. Hardware — W. C. Draper, W. T. Harris. Groceries — Perry Bros., F. M. Stevenson, 0. F. Moore, James Parks, Jr., H. H. Constable, J. T. Robertson, W. H- Jackson. Boots and shoes — Perry Bros., J. T. Robinson. Milliners — Mrs. C. Pressley, Miss Dora Hughes. Grist mill — S. B. Harris. Card- ing mill — S. B. Harris. Saw mill — Judson Sanders. Planing mill — George W. Fletcher. Barber — J. A. May. Blacksmiths — Shook & Falkner, Harry Copenhaver. Notions — T. B. Harris. Newspaper, Monroe County Citizen — W. B. Harris. Harness shop — C. B. Shey. Hotels — Mrs. Whitesell, Richard McNeeley. Saloon — J. W. Smith. Carriage factory — Shook & Falkner. Bank — F. E. Worley. Graded school, five teachers ; Principal, Mr. Farrabee. Ellettsville has had several newspaper enterprises, an account of which will be found else- where in this volume. SCHOOLS The first school in the township was taught during the winter of 1822-23, in a log cabin which stood about where the residence of William Draper now stands. The building was of round logs, had a huge fire- place that could be induced to take in logs six feet long and two feet or more in diameter, and had a log left out on the south side about breast high over which greased paper was fastened to serve the purpose of win- dows. William Rawlins, son of Roderick Rawlins, the first County Trpasurer, was the first teacher. The term was three months long, and the children of James Parks, Benjamin Parks, Lewis Noel, Coleman 506 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. Puett, Samuel Ellett, Joseph Puett, Joseph Reeves, George Sharp, George Parks, William Milligan, two miles away, and William Edmund- son, went to young Mr. Rawlins to learn how to read, write and cipher. This house was used for school purposes about five years, and was then displaced by a hewed-log structure erected near the cemetery, and used until the township was divided into districts in the forties. Late in the thirties. Porter Edmundson erected a building which he used for a school- house for a number of years, himself doing the teaching. This was wholly a private school supported by subscription, or tuition, and was a good one for that early day. Another early school was the one taught in the southern part of the township in a log cabin on the Benjamin Reeves farm in the winter of 1823-24, William Matlock owned the farm then, and his son, Jefferson Matlock, was the teacher. He had as high as twenty scholars, and taught such a good school that it was continued every winter after that in the same neighborhood. In 1836, there were four schoolhouses in the township, besides two or three private schools. By 1846, the number had increased to seven, and in 1856 to eight, and by this time several frame houses could be seen where erst the log house with greased paper windows, puncheon floors, doors, seats and desks were to be seen. The following was the condition of schools and houses in 1880-81 : TEACHBES OS 1880-81. Number of District. Actual Enrollment. Kind and Size of Housea. Mary Moberly H. M. Edmundson.. J. E. Edmundson ... Nellie Wingfield J. W. Bray J. V Foster M. E. Dickson 20 48 28 44 24 36 21 Frame, Frame, Frame, Frame, Frame, Brick, Brick, 22x28 feet. 24s30 feet 20x24 feet. 24x26 feet. 22x28 feet. 34x36 feet. 22x26 feet. Various schoolhouses were used in Ellettsville prior to about 1855, at which time a large frame house with two rooms was erected, and used until the present brick structure was constructed about twelve years ago. Maj. H. F. Perry was one of the first teachers in the old frame house. The present two-storied brick cost about $7,000, was built by the town- ship, and is occupied by five teachers, who cannot properly instruct all the town children, and a small brick building near it is also used. CHURCHES. The old Vernal Baptist Church was one of the very first, if not the first, organized in Monroe County. Meetings were held during the winter of 1817-18, but probably no organization was effected until several years later. Among the first members were the families of James Parks, Benjamin Parks, George Parks, Lewis Noel, Leroy Mayfield, John Sanders, the Coffeys, Mr. Shreeves, the Martins, Frank Hall, and others. A rude log church was built in the Sanders neighborhood, in about 1826, and was used until about 1838, when a frame church, built further north and within about three-fourths of a mile of Ellettsville, took its place. The old log house was so open that in cold weather meetings were held in the residences of the members — principally in that of James Parks, who VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 507 for many years was Deacon of the church and its most, prominent member. Rev. James Chambers was the first minister, but within two or three years he was succeeded by Rev. Leroy Mayfield, who was pastor over thirty years. The Bethany Baptist was organized quite early, some of the early members being the families of John Wilburn, William Sparks, Abe May, Henry Flood, William H. Treadway and Henry Sanders. Another famous early church was the Cumberland Presby- terian, of Richland Township. Citizens of Bloomington of this faith often went out to attend this church. It was organized before 1830, and among the members were the Sharps, Constables, Figgs, Johnsons, Halls, Clays. The church was built on Section 4, and was known as the Pleas- ant Hill Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Thomas J. Sharp furnished the land on Section 4. Another early class was the Christian Church, organized in the thirties, among the early members being the families of Pleasant York, Andrew Reeves, James Everman, Wesley Acuff, James Hall, J. H. Houston, and others. The Church was called North Liberty Church of Christ. The old Methodist Church in Richland was organized in the twenties. It was called Wesley Chapel, and among the early mem- bers were the Kerbys, the Smiths, the Hopewells, the Sedwicks, the Reeveses, the Knightons, the Stinesons, the Moots, the Sharps, and others. Others were organized early and later. The Presbyterians, Methodists, Christians and Baptists, remnants of the old organizations, have churches in BUettsville and in the township. VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. INTRODUCTION. THIS subdivision of Monroe is one of the most productive in the county. There is perhaps more good soil for the producer than any other portion of equal extent. , This became known at a very early day, and led to rapid settlement and growth. Many of the best citizens came here and made it their abiding place, and those valuable adjuncts of civilization — education and religion — took here in early years a deeper root than in any other place in the county, except Bloomington. Insti- tutions were estaljlished here which had for their object the widest dif- fusion of knowledge, and the establishment of the highest and purest sys- tem of morality. And the country was suited for such institutions. The lands were rich, fertile and promised that plenty which always brings prosperity and peace. Many of the earliest residents were descendants of the chivalrous stock of the South, possessing culture and refinement fit to adorn any society, and an appreciation of the advantages of social, in- tellectual and moral improvement which promised enduring benefits to the fabric of society. Here let the natural resources of the township be set forth, THE TIMBER, SOIL, STONE, ETC. The surface is less rolling than many other portions of the county, but is well drained, as well as well watered. Several small streams take 508 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. their source here, which accounts for the numerous springs of good hard water, and for the productiveness of the surface soil which has not been denuded of its rich alluvial properties. The township originally con- tained heavy bodies of the best black and white walnut, hard and soft maple, some half dozen varieties of oak, chestnut, elm, beech, sycamore, white and yellow poplar, ash, cherry, gum, sassafras, dogwood, spicewood, etc. Much of this — all the better grades — has been cut away. An im- portant natural feature is the big cave in the northwestern part. Its real depth is unknown, as it is probable that all the ramifications have never been explored. It is safe to say that the numerous branches, cuts, and turns aggregate one mile in extent. Within, the air is warm and salubrious, and the revelation of geologic formations repays the student for his dark visit. Valuable fossils, geodes containing crystals of dog- tooth spar of great beauty, stalactites and stalagmites of great size, masses of limestone and shale, highly colored with iron and magnesium, and sandstone with variegated colors and numerous partings may be seen in the walk through "Puett's Cave." It is quite a resort for pleasure- seek- ers. Picnic parties from Bloomington come out to view the wonder, and students of geology come to view and study the mysteries of that science. Once upon a time, a party of students came here in the morning, tied their horses in the grove near by, entered the cave, but came not forth even when darkness set in. A resident near the cave saw the horses, and suspecting that all was not right, lighted a torch and entered the dark chamber, and after walking some distance found the students who for hours had been endeavoring to get out without avail huddled together, frightened, bewildered, lost, and reconciled to pass the night without food or sleep in the cave. Their joy and thanks were profuse when they at last stood outside. The following is the geologic formation on Section 4 : Feet. Loamy soil, reddish color 4 Chester sandstone, bowlders and irregular masses of ferruginous sandstone • 40 Argillaceous layers, containing irregular masses of chert, clay, stones and fragments of fossils 10 Limestone (Upper St. Louis Group), light gray and shaly 16 Limestone, same group, light gray, very hard and silicious, irreg- ularly bedded and unfossiliferous 30 Total 100 LAND ENTRIES, SETTLEMENTS, ETC. The following purchases were made in Van Buren Township in 1816: Arthur Patterson, Section 1; Jacob Cutler, David Matlock, Daniel Sears, James Parks, James Matlock, on Section 2; John Cutler, on 4; Archibald Wood, 320 acres on Section 10; John Allen and George Matlock, on 11; George Matlock, 12; Jonathan Rains, on 13; also, on the same section, John Carr and John W. Lee ; John Allen, James Bor- land and John Carr, on Section 14; Archibald Wood, Michael Wood and David Matlock, on 15; John Collins and Joseph Berry, on 21; William Wilson and William Newcomb (320 acres) on Section 22 ; John Harvey (820 acres), Jonathan Nichols and Arthur Patterson, on Section 24; Sol- omon Green and Archibald Wood, on Section 25; Levin Lawrence on 26 ; Adam Darling on 27; Joseph Berry, Adam Bowen and John Bris- VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 509 coe on 28 ; Jesse Tarkington, Arthur Patterson and John Sadler on 3 1 ; Arthur Patterson and Joseph Berry on 32 ; Joseph Berry on 33 ; John Storm on 34 ; Thomas McCrang on 35 : Josiah Jackson, John Johnson and Joseph Richardson on Section 36. The following tracts were bought in 1817 : David Matlock on Section 2; Francis Charlice on 11; James Matlock on 12 ; Eli Lee on 14 ; William Newcomb on 15 ; Pierre Cha- curn on 22; Solomon Phillips on 23; Joseph Gerrard and James Par- sons on 26; Adam Kern and Isaac Rogers on 27 ; John Berry on 33 ; Joseph Berry on«34. No other entries were made until 1823, as follows: Austin S. Reeves on 9; and Littleton West on 21; Vincent Lindsey bought on Section 1 in 1824 ; Eli P. Farmer, on Section 2 the same year; John Mahala on Section 10 the same year ; John M. Berry on Section 29 ; Lemuel Lyons on Section 1 in 1825; George Moss on 5 in 1829; Thomas Snoddy on 6 in 1826; John Watson on 8 in 1828; Robert Rice on 9 in 1828 ; Henry Sanders on 10 in 1827 ; William Deskins on 10 in 1828; George Milam on 12 in 1827; Isaac Rogers on 21 in 1825 ; Joseph Berry on 21 in 1825; Gaspard Koons on 26 in 1825; William Morris on 29 in 1829, and on 33 also ; John H. Bunger and Orion Crocker on 33 in 1829. The above were all the entries of land prior to 1830. The name of the first actual resident in the township cannot be stated, but was doubtless one of the above-mentioned men. Several are known to have come with their families in 1816, but if any came before, such fact cannot now be stated with certainty, though there are strong •presumptions that in 1815 the township contained white families. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. The old Hamilton Grist Mill was erected by Robert Hamilton early in the twenties, and of course was operated by water-power secured in the usual manner by means of a dam. It was an extremely rude affair at first, but owing to necessity received a liberal patronage. Orion Crocker was the miller. A man named Hamill bought the mill probably about 1834, and operated it with some improvements until soon after 1840, when it passed to John Shirly, who practically rebuilt and refitted the structure and the dam, and very materially improved the quality and quantity of flour produced. He introduced an improved method of re- grinding the shorts that increased the yield of flour to the bushel, and also improved the quality. This useful old mill continued to run until a comparatively few years ago, when it was abandoned. About the year 1830, James F. Leonard erected a grist mill about three hundred yards from the Hamilton Mill on the same stream. His dam was rude and often broke, and after a few years he introduced steam and used the two motors, steam and water, to operate his mill. The mill did good work from the start, and under difierent hands and greatly improved in build- ing and equipments, is yet running. It has always been a good mill. Saw mills were early operated in connection with these mills. Among the earliest residents of Van Buren Township were the families of James Gentry, Absalom Baker, Robert B. Givens, Andrew Gray, George Grubb, Samuel Grabeal, Solomon Green (one of the very first ; came in when the Indians were as thick as wild turkeys), Seth Goodwin (very early), William Gray (very early), Andrew Gray, Lewis Harman, Jasper 510 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. Koons, Felix Landers, Matthew Legg, Benjamin Neeld, William Neeld (very early, ^ith the Indians), the Prices, Hiram Pauley, Solomon Phil- lips, Rebecca Rawlins, the Renshaws, Benjamin Rice, Robert Rice, Wil- liam Rice, John Saddler, Henry Sanders, L. G. Shryer, James G. Sparks, Noble Stockwell, James Shipman, John Shipman, Thomas Snoddy, John Tarkington, W. C. Tarkington, Sylvanus Tarkington, Samuel Turner, Reuben Ward, Luke Ward, Booker Wit and many others mentioned above as entering land. The Berrys were early and prom- inent. POLL-TAX PAYERS OF 1841. George Allcorn, Joseph Abrams, Wyatt Adkins, Jacob Bunger, Jr., Joseph Bunger, Henry Brock, Absalom Baker, John Bunger, David Bunger, Philip Bunger, Jacob Baker, Maiden Baker, William Berry, G. D. Berry, William Burkis, Peter Bowen, Winston Burch, Street Cox, Harbin Cole, Barton W. Cole, H. Campbell, Richard Crane, Joseph Cole, Samuel Cooper, John G. Campbell, Orion Crocker, Samuel Cline, John Dinsmore, Burdit Dawson, H. Davis, James Davis, B. N. Elliott, George Eller, John Eller, Henry EUer, Henry Fritz, Thomas Fullerton, James Fritz, John Fritz, Jr., Wesley Fritz, James Gentry, John Griff- iths, Alfred Griffiths, J. P. Givens, John Goodnight, Robert B. Givens, Andrew Gray, William Gray, Solomon Green, Thomas Gwinn, Lewis Harmon, Joseph Hazelwood, Allen Hite, Moses Hall, David Hall, Adam Hunter, William Koons, Conrad Koons, J. F. Leonard, Matthew Legg, Samuel Linden, John P. May, Adam Nutler, Benj. Neeld, John Oram, William Porch, Levy Price, John H. Porch, Aaron Pin die, William Rose- berry, J. D. Reeves, Robert Rice, Thomas Renshaw, William Rice, John Stout, Joseph Sanders, D. C. Smith, Noble Stockwell, John Shipman, Samuel Sloan, Jacob Summit, Joseph Small, Helen Smith, John Small, William Smith, John Tarkington, John R. Truit, Reuben Ward, William Whisman, Luke Ward, Booker Wit, John Willborn and Joel Woodall. Those who paid the highest tax were: Noble Stockwell, $15.80; L. G. Shryer, $14.85; D. C. Smith, $15.21 ; John Stout, $13.05; Solomon Philips, $13.20; Benjamin Neeld, $20.69; Conrad Koons, $26.80; Moses Hall, $19.92; Seth Goodwin, $23.21; Solomon Green, Sr., $13.20 ; Henry Fritz, $19.37 ; estate of John Eller, deceased, $13.75 ; George Eller, $15.25; Barton W. Cole, $14.15; David Bunger, $14.15; William Berry, $16.35. The total number of polls was 134 ; number of acres, 14,297 ; value of land $98,890 ; value of town lots, $300 ; personal property, $28,706; total taxables, $127,796; State tax, $610.74; county tax, $291.14; total tax, $901.88. STANFORD. This little village was laid out by Jesse Tarkington late in the thirties, and soon afterward a store was established there by James Crane, who conducted his establishment for several years. This store was started about 1889. It is said that Kemble, Klein & Co. also established a store in the village about the year 1842. In about 1845, Zachariah Catron opened a store in the village, and from that on, for several years, kept a general stock, worth about $2,000. Sylvester Dory started up about the same time. In 1848, Nicholas Dillinger and Victor Dory formed a part- VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 511 nership, and began a general mercantile business, under the firm name of Dillinger & Dory. Sylvester Dory and Zachariah Catron were yet in business. The following year (1849) Odell & Walker began business with a stock estimated to have been worth |5,000. In 1850, Elmore Walker established a store. Dudley & Adams engaged in the same pursuit in 1852, and Street Cox & Sons about the same time. There were at this period about four general stores in the village, two or three blacksmiths, a saw mill, etc. etc., and a population of about 150. The town has kept about this size until the present. A. J. Ritchey, P. M. Holder & Co. have general stores at present. Carmichael & Fields were in with goods before, as were Young & Smith, Baker Bros, and Sparks Brothers. Drs. Cook and Gaston have drugs. Joseph Green is the blacksmith. James Gaston is Postmaster. The little village has a tri-weekly mail from Bloomington. The population is abotlt 200. TOWNSHIP MORALS. In general, the citizens of Van Buren Township have been a very well-behaved people. A large portion, since the earliest settlement, has been connected with the various religious classes ; and the other portion — the non-professors, or unbelievers — has been sober and moral. A class of the Church of Christ was early organized — about 1830 — and for a time met for worship at the house of Joseph Berry, who was one of the leading members. Robert Hamilton, Joseph Berry, John Porch, John Good- night, Dudley C. Smith, John Givens, John Bunger and their families, were members. This class was made up from Van Buren and Indian Creek Townships. A log church was built quite early — about 1834 — and was used for many years. The Methodists established a class in the southwestern part early in the thirties, the leading early members being Lewis Harman, David Carpenter, Dennison • Whaley, B. W. Tarkington, Maiden Baker, Jacob Baker, William Higgins, Lewis L. Allen, Jesse Tarkington, Samuel Day, George G. Walker and their families. Lewis Dale was the pastor in 1850. This class has endured until the present, and early built a church at Stanford, which is yet used. Early in the forties, the United Baptists organized a class in the vicinity of Stanford, among the earliest members being the families of John Griffith, Jesse Goss, James Steele, Henry Flood, William Sparks, Abe May, W. H. Treadway — the latter four also belonging to the Baptist Church in Rich- land Township. This class grew, thrived, and built a church about 1850. The old Union Meeting-house, on Section 36, also had a large membership in the four townships — Van Buren, Perry, Clear Creek and Indian Creek. The old Baptist Church in the southern part of Richland Township, drew a strong membership from the limits of Van Buren. The citizens in the northeastern part joined the churches at Bloomington. The educational and religious community at the village of Harmony, northeast of Stanford, was the earliest union of religious sentiment in the county. Members of any orthodox denomination were eligible to membership. Later years have seen the organization of other religious classes, and the increased membership and prosperity of the old, until no portion of the county is better supplied with moral advantages. 612 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. SCHOOLS. The first school was taught in about the year 1824, at what afterward became the village of Harmony, the teacher being, so it is stated, Jonathan Nichols. The house was a vacated log cabin that had been erected for a dwelling, and was temporarily fixed up for school purposes. It is not certain where the next was started unless it was at the village of Harmony, where two or three terms of excellent school were conducted under the supervision of the Blue Spring Community. A school was started in the southeastern part about 1828, one of the Berrys, it is said, being the first teacher. A schoolhouse that was erected in the southern part of Richland Township was attended by the children of Van Buren, in the northern part, but soon after 1830 a log schoolhouse was con- structed on Section 4 or 9, which answered the purpose for several years. Some state that the first school in the township was taught near what is now Stanford, one of the Tarkingtons being the first teacher. In 1836, there were four school districts and schoolhouses. In 1847, there were eight school districts in the township, and during the winter of 1846-47, six schools were taught. The enumeration in the districts at this time was as follows : No. 1, 78; No. 2, 94; No. 3, 64; No. 4,47; No. 5, 72 ; No. 6, 19 ; No. 7, 66 ; No. 8, 48. School was not taught during the winter in Districts No. 5 and 6. The average daily attendance was as follows: No. 1, 48; No. 2, 15; No. 3, 17; No. 4, 16; No. 7, 14; No. 8, 18. Six months school was taught in District No. 3 ; two months in No. 7, and three months in the others. The teachers were paid for the term, exclusive of a small amount of tuition or subscription, as fol- lows : No. 1, $30 ; No. 2, $25 ; No. 3, $75 ; No. 4, $45 ; No. 7, $36; No. 8, $45. The School Trustees at this time were Conrad Koons, John H. Porch and James P. Givens. In 1849 (March), there were eight school districts, as above given, with the following enumeration : No. 1, 38 males and 48 females ; No. 2, 26 males and 24 females ; No. 3, 36 males and 1 2 females ; No. 4, 30 males and 23 females ; No. 5, 34 males and 42 females ; No. 6, 45 males and 81 females ; No. 7, 24 males and 25 females ; No. 8, 28 males and 28 females. Total enumera- tion, males 261, females 233 ; grand total, 494. The schools at this time were not surpassed by any other country portion of the county. When the new school law came into effect in 1853, and one Trustee took the place of three, and new funds were created for the common schools, within a few years many of the districts built new houses — not of logs, but of the best native lumber. Great improvements were made during the fifties in school methods and systems. During the sixties, still greater improvements were made, and now the school system of the township, the county and the State, is not only the pride of the residents, but the admired object of neighboring States. The following table explains itself : VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 513 TEACHBES OF 1880-81. Hattie Munson William Neill Ellsworth Williams.. John W. French A. C. Richey John D. Morgan J. W. D. Butcher ... F. P. Torrence Number Number of of PupilB Kind of Houses. District. Enrolled. 1 36 Frame, 22x30 feet. 2 55 Frame, 22x36 feet. 3 44 Frame, 22x30 feet. 4 48 Frame, 24x28 feet. 4 24 Frame, 24x28 feet. 5 49 Frame, 20x28 feet. 6 51 Frame, 22x28 feet. 7 34 Frame, 22x28 feet. From the table it will be seen that Stanford (District No. 4) has two schools. The old frame house at Stanford, built late in the forties, was succeeded by a better frame building, with two rooms, some eight or ten years ago. Now there are two teachers, as indicated in the table. THE BLUE SPRING COMMUNITY. From 1820 to 1860, there arose throughout the United States a ten- dency to unite means and influence in the formation of what was called a "Community," for the purpose of increasing the sources of a better sys- tem of education and morals than was afforded by the denominational and educational organizations of that day. Many families would place their property in charge of a committee empowered to manage the common interests and benefits, and would farm together, live together, eat together, work together in all things, being governed by a constitution and by-laws. Men as eminent as Horace Greeley, Charles Fourier and the Owens, of Posey County, Ind., were connected with organizations of the kind, and used their best endeavors to render the system successful, popular and universal throughout the country. One institution of this kind sprang up in Monroe County, in 1826, and was called the Blue Spring Community. The members gathered at what soon was called Harmony, placed their property in common, erected dwellings, laid out a public common or square, started one or more stores, opened an excellent school in a log schoolhouse just erected, and soon were in as flourishing a condition as could be expected in the backwoods. It was a very new country then, let it be remembered, to establish and maintain such an institution where the purity of intention and performance was made the sole condition of membership. Neighbors laughed at the pretensions of the communists and scornfully predicted the speedy or ultimate dissolution of the com- munity. But the members, with noble intentions, went resolutely at work, determined, if possible, to make the attempt a success. Things went on quite smoothly the first year, or until cold weather came on, when many left, going back to their former cabins. Some conflict had occurred, some misunderstandings from human imperfections, and when the spring of 1827 arrived, all attempts to continue the community was voluntarily abandoned, to the sincere regret of some of the purest-minded citizens ever residents of Monroe County. 514 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. INDIAN CREEK TOWNSHIP. GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE. THIS subdivision of Monroe County lies in the extreme southwestern corner, and is one of the richest tracts of land to be found within a radius of many miles. There is more loam in the soil than is usually found in the townships of the county, and this, combined with the fact that the township as a whole is not so rolling, renders it a more desirable place of residence for farming. The township is drained by the branches of Clear Creek and Indian Creek. This is one of the few localities of the county where the celebrated Chester sandstone appears at the surface, and consists of light gray and bright red laminated stone, highly ferru- ginous and usually irregularly bedded. ' The iron deposit on Sections 6 and 7 — unusually rich and heavy, but hardly rich enough to work, belongs to the group of Chester sandstone. There are fine displays of this sandstone at Buena Vista and elsewhere. The principal stone of the township lies next underneath the sandstone and belongs to the Upper St. Louis Group of limestone. The formation of strata on Section 7 is as follows : feet. Pale red loamy soil ti Chester sandstone, containing atigmaria ficoides, and calamites canne formis, weather worn....j 20 Argillaceous and cherty layers 10 Limestone (Upper St. Louis Qroup) light gray, hard, silicious, and irregularly bedded, containing zaphreniit tpinulosa Athyristrin- uelua, Pellerophon sablaevis and Syringopora multattennata 30 Total 66 This table illustrates the stone wealth of the township. Sandstone and limestone are both found in abundance. The iron deposits are rich, and furnish all wells and springs with tonic for the blood. The soil is rich and the timber is less stripped of its finer grades by vandals than other portions of the county contiguous to railroads. In short, Indian Creek is one of the best townships of the county. GOVERNMENT LAND ENTRIES. The following entries of land were made in the year 1816 : William Bigger, Richard Beem and John Kutch on Section 1 ; Isaac Withers on Section 3 ; John M. Sadler on Section 6 ; Archibald Wood on the same section ; John Storm on Section 12 ; William King and John Storm on Section 13 ; Henry Speed on Section 19 ; John Storm and Elzy Wood- ward on 20; Archibald Wood on 30. In 1817 the following entries were made: Moses Olds on Section 1 ; William Crum, James Wright and William Leahy on 2 ; Benjamin Freeland on 5 ; Benjamin Freeland 450 acres on Section 7 ; John White, Isaiah Wright and James Wright on Section 11 ; James Wright, James Mitchell and Jacob Beals on 12, INDIAN CREEK TOWNSHIP. 515 and the latter also on 24 ; William Wyman on 25 ; James Wright on 26 ; Thomas Wilson, Alexander Clark each 160 acres on Section 33 ; Zach- ariah Dicks 160 acres on 34 ; William Wright and James Smith on 35. John Burch hought a tract on Section 5 on the 11th of November, 1819. Peter Sansiford bought on Section 18 in 1823. Lemuel and Joel Sex- son bought on Sections 19 and 20 in 1827 and 1828. Joseph Arthur bought on 21 in 1818, and Richard Wright on 23 the same year. Sol- omon Morgan bought 160 acres on Section 24 in 1829. Caleb Lowder bought 80 acres on Section 27 in 1819. Jonathan Howell on 28 in 1818 ; Alexander Clark on 34 in 1818 ; William Jones on 34 in 1825. This comprises all the entries prior to 1830. THE FIRST FAMILIES. Among the early settlers of the township were the Dicks, the Lambs, the Crums, the Burches, the Morgans, the Walkers, the Wrights, the Mays, the Joneses, the Easts, the Clarks, the Adamses, the Carpenters, the Tatums, the Oliphants, the Carmichaels, the Brosfields, the Penningtons, the Phillips, the Teagues, the Graves, the Smiths, the Gwinns, the Tread- ways, the Turners, and many others. It is probable that Lamb was the first permanent settler, though the Walkers were in early and also the Easts, the Wrights, the Burches and others whose names have escaped the recol- lection of the old settlers. The first settlers were scattered over the township in rude log cabins surrounded by small open tracts of cultivated land which were inclosed by rail fences made by the settlers. Neighbors lived miles apart, but intercourse was begun and kept up. MILLING ENTERPRISES. Owing to the fact that Indian Creek Township had no streams of suf- ficient size, there were no early mills or other industries operated by water-power in early years. Two or three hand mills and horse mills were operated in several neighborhoods at times, but no mills of wide popularity and patronage were built within the limits of the township, unless the old mill in the southwestern part can be considered as such. The old Hamilton Mill in Van Buren Township and the Ketchum Mill in the northwest corner of Clear Creek Township, were the sources whence were obtained the supplies of flour and meal. These were the earliest mills which supplied Indian Creek Township. Two or three other mills were built on Clear Creek, and south in Greene County nn Indian Creek, at a later date, which received some of the later patronage, though the Ketchum's mill and the Hamilton's mill were the stand-bys, even until a comparatively recent date. A saw mill was started in the southern part at a very early day, and it is said that the first whisky shop in the county was opened in this township. THE VIRGINIA IRON WORKS. The most notable industry ever in the township was the iron furnace established in about 1839, in the northwestern part, by Randolph Ross, a Virginian, who had been engaged in the same business in his native State, and was familiar with the details of iron manufacture. In about the year above mentioned, he erected the necessary buildings on the north- 516 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. east quarter of Section 7, employed a few experienced men, whom he brought from Virginia, and began mining from the side of the hill there, crude iron ore contained about twenty per cent of good iron. His tax in 1841 was $52.26, more than that of any other man in the county. His tax in 1842 was $100.49, more than any other man's. He owned 156 acres, the land being valued at $468, and the improvements at $6,360, and his personal property was worth $1,600, making his total taxables worth $8,428. The father and his son, Randolph Ross, Jr., under the name Randolph Ross & Son's Virginia Iron Works, within a year after starting had in their employ about twenty men engaged in mining the ore from the hill, carting it to the furnace, where it was melted and the iron run off into bars to be shipped by wagon to Louisville or Vin- cennes. The company was incorporated under the laws of the State with a capital, if necessary, of $20,000, and was to continue for a period of ten years with power to renew the continuance an additional ten years, at the option of the incorporators. If any others had an interest in the works such fact is not now known. It is stated by some that a portion of the capital was furnished by several Eastern parties, who were members of the incorporation. The facts cannot be stated. Besides manufactur- ing pig or bar iron for shipment, the company began, the general manu- facture for the local trade of all kinds of cast-iron ware needed in the new country, such as kettles, spiders, andirons, pots and machinery cast- ings as rude hoes, and a few mold-boards for plows. The most of the iron was thus manufactured into articles for farm and domestic use. After running successfully for about five years, the company became in- volved in some manner, and was forced to suspend operations. The en- terprise had been highly successful, but the incorporators were forced to suspend by reason of having lost heavily in speculations elsewhere, and not by reason of the failure of the iron 'furnace in Indian Creek Township. POLL TAX PAYERS OF 1841. George Adams, Levin Adams, John Burch, Henry Burch, Charles Burch, Achilles Burch, William Brasfield, James Brasfield, Andrew Bras- field, William Burch, Joel Burch, Jackson Burton, David Carpenter, John M. Crum, William Cannan, Charles Cambs, John Crain, James Carmichael, William Caw, Martin Cambs, Peter Carmichael, G. Cander, John Carter, Thomas Carr, Jacob Carpenter, Thomas Carter, Zachariah Dicks, Abel Edwards, William East, Thomas P. East, Benjamin Evans, John Evans, Jesse East, Isom Edington, John Fassette, Spencer Griffin, James Gillam, Richard Griffin, John Gardner, William Graves, Hugh Hill, Hiram Hazle, R. Johnson, John Johnson, William Jones, Sanford Jones, Lewis Jones, Alfred Jones, Elijah Hinkman, Daniel Hinkman, James Kirk, John Kirk, Alexander Lamb, Thomas Lincycomb, Elijah Morgan, William May, John Mathers, Solomon Morgan, Absalom Mor- gan, Abraham May, John May, Perminter Morgan, Peter Minks, Jack- son McGee, Jacob Myers, Henry Minks, Solomon May, James McLaclan, Thomas Oliphant, Allen Price, John Pedigo, Joseph Pennington, Allen Parkham, William Ray, Henry Sipes, Thomas Shipman, Benjamin San- ders, Thomas Sanders, William Stephenson, Benjamin Sullivan, Ashbury Sears, Michael Teague, Jacob Teague, Samuel Turner, William Treadway, INDIAN CREEK TOWNSHIP. 617 Elijah Tarkington, E. W. Tarkington, Abraham Young, Peter Wright, Silas Woodward, John White, Elijah Wright, Thomas Walker, Andrew Walls, William Weaver, Sr., Isaac Weaver, James Wooter, David Wright, Elmore Walker, Joseph Walker and Jacob Zikes. The total number of polls was 174 ; acres of land, 10,394; value of lands and improvements, $52,307 ; other taxables, $27,117 ; State tax, $448.01 ; county tax, $250.08; total tax, $698.09. The heaviest tax-payers were: George Adams, $10.52; Charles Burch, $7.58 ; Isaac Brown, $11.95 ; Byrd Cambs, $7.58; Richard Carmichael, $8.25; Zachariah Dicks, $7.60; John Evans, $17.72; Spencer Griffin, $5.18; James Gillam, $7.25 ; Hugh Hill, $5.35; William Jones, $11.40; Lewis Jones, $7.70; Alexander Lamb, $9.65; Elijah Morgan, $6.19; Solomon Morgan, $8.87; Absalom Morgan, $9.20; Abraham May, $7.70 ; Jacob Myers, $6.12; Solomon May, $7 ; Randolph Ross, Sr. (iron works), $52.25. His land, the north- east quarter of Section 7 was valued at $6,000, and his improvements at $-3,800. He owned 156 acres. Nicholas Shipman, $8.10; John Sadler, $8.29; John White, $7 ; James Wright, $11.55; William Weaver, $7.15; David Wright, $8.10; Joseph Walker, $5.63. SCHOOLS. It is said that the first school in the township was taught near the cabin of Elmore Walker, in about the year 1824, but it is quite certain that another was taught not far from the same time in the Burch neigh- borhood, and probably one in the Dicks neighborhood. Each of these schools was taught in a log cabin; two of them, at least, in cabins that had been erected for residences, and had been vacated by the builders, who had left the township or neighborhood. After this early date, sessions were usually held in the three localities named during the winter months, first in one house and then in another, shifting the location to suit the majority of children. The Burches were among the early teachers, and the younger members of the Walker family also instructed the pioneer children. In ihe year 1836, there were three log schoolhouses, and one or two neighborhoods where school was taught semi-occasionally, as the wants of the children demanded. In 1846, the number of schoolhouses had been increased to five; in 1856, there were eight, and possibly nine. The eight country houses were located on Sections 2, 8, 9, 14, 20, 26, 28 and 30. All were log houses except two. The families that attended the house on Section 2 were the Morgans, Wrights, Gwinns, Koons, Turners, Treadways, Perrys, Ballingers, Thrashers, et al.; Section 8, the Burches, Sadlers, Carpenters, Adamses, et al.; Section 14, the Walkers, Whites, Carmichaels, Chipmans, Mays, Kirks, et al.; Section 20, the children of Buena Vista, the Lambs, Carmichaels, Carters, Carvers, Phillips, Tatums, Gordons, Mays, et al.; Section 26, the Stevensons, Lowes, Joneses, Easts, Sares, Hazels, Teagues, Smiths, Couders, Gilhams, Wrights, Millers, Morgans, et ah; Section 28, the Waterfords, Graveses, Dicks, Joneses, Teagues, Stones, Easts and Nances ; Section 30, the Simpsons, Oliphants, Hardens, Graveses, Pedigos, Brasfields, Penningtons, et al. At this time the schools were in comparatively good shape. The following table is the later condition of the schools : 518 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. TEACHEES OF 1880-81. Number of District. Actual Enumeration Kind and Size of Houiei. .Tolin B H&zel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 49 28 37 45 48 38 38 40 40 Frame, 20x24 feet. ATi p h ftpl BiiRkirk Frame, 20x24 feet. Miss Lou Bennett Frame, 22x28 feet. J W darter Frame, 24x30 feet. Frame, 22x28 feet. W r Burch < Frame, 20x26 feet. Frame, 20x26 feet. W. S. Wells Frame, 20x26 feet. Scott Rainbolt Frame, 18i20 feet. Two or three small villages have flourished in this township. In March, 1849, Jesse W. East, proprietor, assisted by Henry Farmer, sur- veyor, laid out ten lots on the south part of the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 20, and named the village thus started Buena Vista, a name then peculiarly fresh and distinct in the minds of all Hoosiers. About the same time, Mr. East started the first store, and soon a black- smith and a few families located there. Since then there have usually been a store, a blacksmith and about a dozen families at the village. John Evans sold goods there, as did Henry Oliphant, Woodward & Clay and others. The present merchants are King & Woodward. Another .early town, now deserted, was Palestine, founded by Alexander Suther- land, during the thirties. He was the first storekeeper there, and con- tinued several years, going then to Harrodsburg. Thomas Shipman probably succeeded him as the merchant. One of the Koons also sold goods there. Kirkville is a recent village named in honor of the Kirk family. Lane & Carmichael started the store, but sold out to Mr. Kirk, who yet continues. CHURCHES. The first religious class organized in this township was the Methodist Church, founded in the Walker neighborhood, about 1825. For several years, meetings were held at the houses of Thomas Hill, Elmore Walker, and elsewhere in the same portion of the township. Among the earliest members were the families of Thomas Hill, Elmore Walker, David Wells, George Oxsheer, Michael Teague, Burrell Reeves, Joseph S. Walker, Pleasant O'Brien, Rev. Isaac McElroy, Farris Howard, Rev. Lewis Dale and others. This was called Mt. Salem Church, and was famous in early years for the number of its revivals and the amount of good done in the neighborhood. As the years passed it gradually split up, several of the prominent members joining the Methodist Class at Stanford, and several others the class at Harrodsburg, though a few of the old members still remained faithful to the parent organization, which continued to meet in the residences and schoolhouses in the vicinity where it was first founded. The legitimate descendant ^f the old class is still in existence. The old Hebron Baptist Church, organized in the southern part of the township during the forties, was another class that produced marked ef- fect upon the morals of the younger generations. The Oliphants, Abel Edwards and family, and Joseph Pennington and family were early mem- CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. 519 bers. This class met for many years in schoolhouses and residences, and is still in existence under different hearts and hands. Later religious organizations have sprung up, but none have produced more extended and lasting benefit than the two old ones mentioned above. CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. GEOLOGICAL FORMATION. THIS township is one of the best in the county for agricultural pur- poses. It has an abundance of low land, as it lies principally in the forks of Clear Creek and Salt Creek, the two principal streams of the southern half of the county. Between the forks the land is gently un- dulating as a general rule, and the surface soil contains an abundance of food for almost aU farm productions. Along the two streams are rather precipitous blufifs, which, back some distance, gradually blend with the general undulating surface of the country. Immediately adjoining the streams are narrow valleys very rich and productive. The geological formation is revealed in many places — at quarries and along the New Albany Railroad principally. In places where the storms have washed away the surface soil, hundreds of geodes, comprising crystalline and butryoidal, are found. The railroad track at Harrodsburg is 509 feet above the level of the sea, and at Smithville is 710 feet. This shows a railroad grade of 201 feet between those two places, distant about four miles and a half. The altitude at Bloomington is 745, and northwest of Bloomington at the highest point of the grade is 883 feet. The track at EUettsvilie is 685 feet above the sea. In the vicinity of Smithville, covering about a section of land, the Keokuk limestone makes its appear- ance at the surface. A little distance west, extending a little east of north, is the general overlying edge of the Keokuk group, lapping upon the knobstone. A short distance further west is the St. Louis limestone. On Section 2, about a mile northeast of Smithville, the geological forma- tion is as follows : Argillaceous layers 12 feet. Keokuk limestone, dark blue, with partings 12 feet. Keokuk limestone, light gray, without fossils, save in a fragmentary condition 4 feet. Keokuk limestone, buff colored, with seams of chert and geodes 8 feet. Knob sandstone irregularly bedded 30 feet. Knob shale 70 feet. Total 136 feet. The argillaceous layers contained crystalline and butryoidal geodes, many of great size and beauty, and the following fossils: Spirifer tenuistriatus, S. Keokuki, S. fastigatus, S. psendolineatus, Zophrentis Daili, Z. cornucopia, Productus punctatus, P. cora, P. altonensis, Actinocrinus lowei, A . legun cuius, A. permodosus, plates of A. hum- boldti and fragments of Agaricocrinus tuberosus, stems and plates of , 520 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. Platycrinus, also stems of Scophoicrinus and good specimens of Geodo crinus indeanensis. The geological formation on Section 10 (Fee's farm) is as follows : Argillaceous and cherty layers 10 feet. Limestone (Warsaw Division of the Lower St. Louis Group) 25 feet. Limestone, Keokuk, light gray, with partings 15 feet. Total 50 feet. A strip along the western side of the township is thus covered with the Warsaw Division of the Lower St. Louis limestone. In the last table above the cherty layers contain the following fossils : Lithostratim mammillare, L. proliferum, Dichocrinus simplex, D. constrictus, plates of Platy crinus saflfordi, Pentremitis conoidens, P. koninokiana, plates of P. obligatus, plates of P. varsouviensis, Spirifer lateralis, S. setigerus, S. rostellatus, Orthis dubia, Athyris hirsuta, A. lemellosa, A. trinuclea, A. royisii, Productus altonensis, P. punctatus, Rhynchonella mutata, R. grosvenori, R. subcuneata, R. recunula, R. macra, Terebratula boyidens, T. turigida, T. formosa, Sphenophoterium cuneata, Syringopora ram- ulora, S. multattanuata and Eumetria verneuilliana. The geoglogical formation at Harrodsburg is as follows : Ferruginous clay soil, suitable for bricks 4 feet. Chert and earthy layers 6 feet. Limestone (Warsaw Division Lower St. Louis Group) 16 feet. Limestone (Keokuk), dark blue 10 feet. Limestone (Keokuk), light gray 12 feet. Knobstone Group 120 feet. Total 167 feet. The formation at the Harrodsburg depot, east side, is as follows : Argillaceous and cherty layers 6 feet. Limestone (Warsaw Division), with partings 17 feet. Limestone (Keokuk), dark and light blue 88 feet. Limestone (Keokuk), light gray, containing Spirifer Keokuk, S. fastigatus and Actinocrinus lagnnculus 6 feet. Limestone (Keokuk), buff-colored with bands of chert and geodes, the cavities of which are lined with beautiful crystals of ofuartz and calcareous spar. This stratum contjiins plates and stems of cri- noids ; also fragments of shells, too imperfect, however, for accu- rate identification 8 feet. Knobstone Group 60 feet. Total '. 135 fee . At the quarry one-half mile south of Fairfax, the formation is as follows : Bluish clay soil 6 feet. Knob sandstone, with partings 16 feet. Knob shale 6 feet. Total ■. 28 feet. Entering the township from the east, it will be seen from the above tables that the first stone found would be the Knob sandstone ; then a trifle west of the center the Keokuk limestone would be found lapping upon the Knob sandstone, and a short distance further west the Warsaw Division of the Lower St. Louis limestone would be found lapping upon the Keokuk limestone. This gives the township both sandstone and limestone of the first quality at the surface. CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. 521 THE FIRST LAND HOLDERS. The following entries of land were made in Clear Creek Township in the year 1816: Henry Burkhart, Thomas Grimes, William Anderson and Bartlett Woodward on Section 3 ; Adam Darling on Section 4 ; Robert Fields on Section 5 ; William Bigger and Routt & Brenton on 6; Fetters & Hughes on 7 ; Bartlett Woodward 160 acres on Section 10 ; George Paul, Thomas Grimes and John Musser on 15 ; Michael Bus- kirk on 17; John Vanderoot and Fetters & Hughes on 19, also Michael Harvey on the same section ; Jacob- Mumma and Jonathan Lindley on 20; George Paul on 21; John Durham and William Chambers on 28; Samuel Caldwell, Jonathan Lindley 320 acres, and George Paul 160 acres on 29 ; John White all of Section 30 ; Jonathan Lindley and Fetters & Hughes on 31 ; William Carl on 32 ; William Craig on 33. The following entries were made in 1817 : Solomon Lucas on Section 2 ; Thomas Hancock, James Cully on 5 ; John Scott on 9 ; Bartlett Woodward 160 acres on 10 ; Silas Woodward on 11 ; Jacob Beals on 18; Joseph Strean 320 acres on 20 ; William Chambers on 21 and 28 ; Samuel Allen and John Farley on 32 ; Conrad Hanson on 33. In 1818 the following intries were made : James Mitchell on Section 5 ; John Storm on 8 ; George Buskirk and Thomas Grimes on 10 ; William Way more and John Storm on 17 ; Thomas Duffield on 18 ; Samuel Smith on 19 ; John Smith on 32 ; William Shields on 33 ; Elias Bruner on 34. Andrew McKean bought on Section 22 in 1819 ; Michael Myers on 2 in 1825 ; John H. Anderson on 4 in 1824, and again in 1827 ; David Scott on 8 in 1828 ; John Deckard on 11 in 1824 ; George Kimberlin on 14 in 1828 ; Edmund Phillips on 18 in 1824 ; Anthony Chambers and William Chambers on 21 in 1829 ; George Paul on 21 in 1829; Michael Deckard on 22 in 1824; John Scott on 26 in ls<19; George Reddick on 28 in 1821 ; Elijah Elliott on 32 in 1827, and William Lemon on 33 in 1829. These were all the entries prior to 1830. Many settlers came in and bought of other settlers. Many others owned no land for ten or twenty years, and several lived in the township several years, owning no land, and leaving finally for some other locality. THE FIRST SETTLER OF MONROE COUNTY. The first settler in this township and in Monroe County, accord- ing to old Col. Ketchum, who settle in the northwest corner of Clear Creek Township in 1817, was David McHoUand. This man whose wife is either now living or was a few years ago, at a very advanced age, came to the township for permanent residence when the State was yet a Terri- tory, or in 1815. Col. Ketchum, who came in two years later, and was well acquainted with Mr. McHolland, often stated that the latter was, no doubt, the first settler in Monroe County. Of course the Territory now comprising the county, had previously been invaded by white hunters and trappers, but, so far as known, no white family, including wife and children, became actual residents until Mr. McHolland arrived. He was a famous hunter and supported his family mainly with his rifle. He killed numerous bears in various portions of the county, often under cir- cumstances of great personal peril. His wife always boasted of having baked the first corn pone in Monroe County, and was, no doubt, justified 522 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. by fact8 in doing so. The McHoUands cultivated an acre or two of ground, upon which they squatted, and after a few years went to the northwestern part of the county, where they continued to reside many years. The name of the second settler in this township cannot be in- dicated. Bartlett Woodward came to the township in 1816, and entered considerable land upon which he erected a rude log cabin for his family, which either came out the same fall or the next spring. Several families were residing in the township at this time. Mr. Woodward became a prominent citizen, and was elected one of the first County Commissioners of the county in 1818. Col. Ketchum built a grist mill on Clear Creek as early as 1818, which for many years was famous in all the surrounding country. Green's mill was another one ; Chambers and Shirley each owned early water mills. The Taylors probably sent the first flat-boat loaded with pork, grain, etc., down either Clear or Salt Creeks from Monroe County. They built their own boats, and knew how to manage them on their way to Southern markets. The Chambers brothers also sent early boats of pork and grain down the creeks. Col. Ketchum was about as early in shipping pork, grain, flour, etc., as any one in the township or county. He also shipped lumber. Later, Elias Bruner shipped cherry and other finer varieties of lumber down the creeks. These were some of the early enterprises in Clear Creek Town- ship. POLL-TAX PATERS OF 1841.* George Anderson, Section 18 ; Wesley Anderson, John Baugh, Henry Baugh, 32; Joseph Baugh, 14; Augustus Bowles, David Butcher, 17; Elias Bruner, 34 ; Samuel Baugh, Henry Burkey, Alexander Buchanan, 21 ; Perry Bowles, John Cully, William Cook, Anthony Chambers, 21, 22, 27; David Chambers, Jr., Jacob Cannon, Oziah Chambers, Hezekiah Cham- bers, Henry Deckard, 12 ; Jesse Deckard, 86 ; Jacob Btter, David Etter, Rufus Finley, John Fit\patrick, Matthew Flory, 18; John Gen, 15 ; James Galloway, 7 ; William Harvey, Basil Hill, 16 ; John Horton, Francis Haines, William Haines, 27 ; Nelson Holmes, 20; Ferris Haward, 7 ; Charles Johnson, John G. Johnson. 31 ; Stanford Jacobs, George Kim- berlin, 7 ; Daniel Kimberlin, Joseph Kimberlin, Henry Kimberlin, Daniel Ketchum, 8 ; Hezekiah Kinser, 7 ; Leonard Litz, Jacob Leonard, William Leonard, William Lehman, 33 ; Henry Lehman, 33 ; John Lehman, 31 ; Thomas Lucas, Jr., Davis Meek, 9 and 16 ; Johh Merser, 15 ; Christian Miller, 22 ; Henry Merser, James Manis, Sidney Meadows, Frederick Merser, Joseph Miller, David Miller, 29 ; Thomas Owsley, Samuel Pen- nington, Andrew Pickel, 29 ; Gabriel Ragsdale, Jonas Rhorer, 20 ; W. W. Roady, G. W. Reddick, Enoch Smallwood, John Shaw, L. 0. Shugart, 29 ; Nicholas Shipman, Thomas Scott, 9 ; John Scott, Peter Sutphin, Elijah Scarborough, R. Sawes, 10 ; James Scarborough, Milton Stuart, William Stuart, Joseph Stilson, Joseph Strain, 20 ; William Smith, 19 ; W. D. Shields. David Tresler, 14 ; George Thrasher, 16 ; Samuel Taylor, John Taylor, 33 ; Robert Taylor, 28 ; William Tilford, Solomon Wooden, 17 ; George Whisenand, John Whisenand, Riley Wilson, Nicholas Whis- enand, 25 ; Jesse Wright, 14 ; Silas Woodward, 11 ; James Woodward, An- drew Whisenand, 1. The total number of polls was 104 ; total acres of * The figures indicate the sectiOQB upon which the men liTed. CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. 523 land, 9,530^; value of lands and improvements, $66,560; value of lots, $5,438 ; other taxable , property, $25,454 ; aggregate value of taxablea, $97,452 ; State tax, $467.61 ; county tax, $226.98 ; total tax, $694.59. The highest tax payers were as follows : Daniel Butcher, $9.75 ; Alex- ander Buchanan, $21.30; Anthony Chambers, $13.18 ; William Cham- bers, Sr. (non-resident), $29.15 ; David Chambers, Sr. (non-resident), $10.72; Christian Deckard, $9.35; John Fitzpatrick, $19.10; Hezekia'h Kinser, $12.50 ; John Kutch, $15.18; William Lehman, $11.40; John A. M. Lehman, $12.50 ; Davis Meek, $13.60 ; Andrew Roady, $13.66; Elijah Scarborough, $8.90; George Thrasher, $8.65; John Taylor, $16.90; Solomon Wooden, $8.74; Nicholas Whisenand, $9.75; Silas Woodward, $8.65. VILLAGES. The village of Harrodsburg, now third in population and importance in the county, was laid out by Alexander Buchanan, proprietor, and John Sedwick, surveyor, in December, 1836, on the northeast corner of the pouthwest quarter of Section 29, Township 7 north, Range 1 west. Twenty-four lots were laid out, and the village was named Newgene. In ' May, 1837, Levi Sugart laid out an addition of three lots, and at this time, for some reason unknown, the name of the village was Jchanged to Harrodsburg. It is said that the first store was started by Berkey & Isominger, who took out a license in 1836. Jacob Corman took out a liquor license in 1839, paying therefor $25. Tilford & Glass early established a store in the village. It is said that A. & P. Carmichael, who were in the mercantile business at Stanford, were also in Harrods- burg. Mr. Berkey bought a lot conditionally in the town before it was laid out. The early families of the village were those of Henry Berkey, Joseph Cranshaw, Job Horton, Samuel Baugh, Richard Empson, Alexan- der Buchanan, the Widow Cully and others. This was about the condi- tion in 1844, at which time no store had been in the town for a year or two. In 1844, S. W. & J. D. Urmey opened a store of general merchan- dise, worth about $450, and the following year Paris Vestal also estab- lished a store. James Beatley was the first resident physician ; he was also a pedagogue of considerable repute. Baugh k Empson were tanners. Rufus Finley erected a tannery about forty rods down the little creek at the village.* Vestal continued about two years, then sold to Moore & Baugh. Greason was Vestal's partner for a short time, as was also McCrea. In 1848, Vestal and Sutherland were partners, but after a short time each continued separate. James W. Carter was in business about 1849. Sutherland & Graham were together for a short time about 1850. The Urmeys still continued, with increasing business. Odell & Walker were in business about this time. Sutherland & Baugh were partners for a short time, closing in July, 1853. In April, 1852, Alex- ander Sutherland and Dugan Jones formed a partnership for the general business of merchandising, packing pork, buying and shipping grain and provisions and buying and selling real estate. Sutherland furnished $4,000 capital and Jones $2,000, and two-thirds the profits and losses * The old Bettlers state that this stream took its name from Bo-si-neah, an old chief of the Delawares, who, when the fitBt eettlement was made, was encamped in a large hollow sycamore tree on the bank of the etream, remaining tliere for some time. In speaking the name, accent the last syllable. 33 524 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. were assumed by the senior partner. Henry Baugh was alone in business about this time; also W. N. Anderson. Among the business men after- ward were Carter & Dunn, Mr. Waldrip, Julius Sues, Harmon & Buchanan, East & Deckard, Judy & Kinser, Oliphant & Pearson, Oliphant & Girton, Carmichael & Urmey, Oliphant & Woodward, Woolery & Wolf, Wolf & Son, Perdue & Wolf, Urmey & McFadden, Perdue & Woolery, Stevenson & Perdue, Woolery, Stevenson & Carmichael, H. C. Small- wood, Deckard, Anderson, Stevenson, J. W. Sears, Brown & Fields, Litzman, Deckard & Chambers, Kinser & Smallwood, W. Kinser, Granger's store. Strain & Woodward and perhaps others. Sutherland & Jones, beginning in 1863, did a large business in packing pork and ship- ping the same and grain down the creeks to the markets of the South. They sent out from eight to twelve boats each year and employed during the busy seasons forty or fifty men. The aggregate business per annum was little less than $100,000. This gave the appearance of great thrift to the little town, and induced many to locate there who otherwise would have passed on. Urmey & Isominger shipped grain by boat during the forties. The Urmey brothers did the same. Sutherland & Jones lost considerable money on pork, and were gradually forced from business though they paid their debts. Carmichael & Urmey in 18 il, began a big business in packing pork. The first year they packed 1,800 hogs. The business was increased so that forty men were employed, and as high as 3,500 hogs were slaughtered and packed in one season. Considerable wheat, corn and flour was bought and shipped also. The railroad had been completed in 1853, and this afforded a much better way of reaching market than by water. These men continued the business until 1877, when they failed, by reason of heavy losses, and compromised honorably with their creditors. Among the leading industries which have flourished in the village was the distillery built and operated by Brown & Deckard, about 1865. Two stills were used, and the capacity of the distillery was about twenty gallons daily. Chambers & Strain were afterward the owners. It operated until a short time ago. J. M. Anderson conducted an extensive cabinet factory, beginning early in the fifties. Stipp & Strain built the present grist mill in about 1866, at a cost of about $8,000. It afterward passed to Woolery, Stevenson & Co., and finally to John Stevenson, who yet owns and operates it. A large domestic patronage is enjoyed, and a limited merchant work done. Oliphant, Woodward & Carmichael built the woolen factory during or just at the close of the war — about 1864. The building and machinery cost $18,500. All the necessary help was employed, and the factory began to turn out considerable quantities of yarns, flannels, jeans and cassimeres ; but the enterprise was started at the. wrong time, and did not come up to the hopes of its builders. Vari- ous changes were made in the ownership, and at last the business was abandoned about three 1 years ago. The village has a present population of about 260. Fairfax was started at an early date, but has always been a village of modest pretensions as regards size. So far as can be learned, N. Whise- nand and R. Wilson opened a liquor establishment there in about 1835, and continued on for several years, adding a small stock of goods in about CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. 525 1837, and afterward increasing the business. Scarborough & Wilson opened a store there in 1838, and did a good business for several years. Helton & Houston began merchandising about 1840. The old Helton grist mill was built early, and considrable flour was sent by boat down the creek. Helton packed considerable pork, which was shipped away by boat. He continued there, doing a large business in his store and mills and factories, until the fifties, when he removed to Bloomington. A large amount of furniture was manufactured there during the forties and fifties. In about 1847, L. Q. Hoggatt became Mr. Helton's partner. The Redfields succeeded Helton. Since then, the village has been small and uneventful. Smithville was started when the New Albany Railroad was es- tablished, in 1852-53. It was laid out in November, 1851, by Mans- field Bennett and George Smith, owners, on Section 3. Thirty-eight lots were laid out on both sides of the railroad. Mr. Smith prob- ably opened the first store. He was soon joined by a blacksmith and a few families. Davis & Humphries were also there about the same time, with a good store. The business was lively while work on the railroad continued. It is probable that the stores were started before the town was laid out, to accommodate the wants of the workmen. P. & J. Hol- land were also early at the village with a stock of goods. One or two stores have been in the village, usually one at a time, ever since. About fifteen families comprise the population. SCHOOLS. It is said that the first school in the township was taught near the old Woodward homestead about 1822. This was a short distance south of the present Smithville. The school was held in a vacated log cabin that had been occupied for a short time by some family. Another early school was taught near Fairfax, and still another in the Rogers neighborhood. The Chambers were the founders of a school about 1830. In 1836, there were three schoolhouses in the township, and one or two old residences which were used for that purpose. In about 1840, the old log schoolhouse at Harrodsburg was erected, which was used for school and church pur- poses until about 1851. School was taught at Fairfax as early as 1838. In 1846, the township consisted of four school districts, two schools being held in District No. 2. During the winter of 1846-47, school was not taught in Nos. 1 or 3. The enrollment in District 2 was 53 and in Dis- trict 4 was 25. The length of each term was three months. Twenty-two children attended in No. 4, and 34 in No. 2. All these houses were of logs. In 1856, there were schoolhouses at Harrodsburg, Smithville, Fair- fax, and on Sections 8, 11 and 29. The only frame house was at Har- rodsburg. The old log schoolhouse at this village had been burned down about 1851, at which time a small one-story frame was erected to take its place. Early teachers in this frame house were Jonas May, Maj. Grimes, Luther De Motte, William Brown, Elzy Woodward et al. Dr. James Beatley taught in the old log house as early as 1844. He was a better teacher than physician. The small frame house was used until war time, when the present two-storied frame building was erected at a cost of about $1,000 ; three teachers are now employed in the Harrodsburg 526 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. schools. William Neill is the present Principal. The township schools were greatly improved during the fifties and more so during the sixties and the seventies. The following is for the schools of 1880-81 : TBACHEES OF 1880-81. Number Actual of Enumeration. Districts. 1 63 2 45 3 40 4 50 5 40 6 28 7 24 8 25 9 32 Kind and Size of Hoaiei. E. L. Adams 0. S. Foster Emsley Houston.... Smallwood and Lee W. S. Wells E. Bennett F. R. Hamilton Nannie Oorman Lizzie Adams Frame, Frame, Frame, Frame. Frame, Frame, Frame. Frame, Frame, 20x26 feet. 20x30 feet. 20x24 feel. -^ 20x2g feet. 20x26 feet. 18x24 feet. 18x18 feet. CHURCHES. An early Baptist class was organized in the Nichols neighborhood about the year 1828. Among the first members were the families of John Nichols, W. F. Siscoe, William Chandler, William Smith, Henry Landers, Henry Fritz, Alfred Coffey and others. Early meetings were held at the house of John Nichols. Another early class was the one in the McCrea neighborhood, among the members being the families of John McCrea, Jacob Zike, James Jenkins, Rufus Rough, Andrew Pickle et al. The Church of Christ was organized at Harrodsburg late in the thirties. Henry Burkey, W. S. Holmes, Andrew Holmes, Jacob Graybell, R. R. Richardson, Hiram Butcher, Francis Holmes, James Wright and John Kitchum, and their families being members. W. C. Walker, Joshua Moore, James Smith and Robert M. Parks, and their families, were early Baptists at Harrodsburg. The Methodists Church at Smithville was organized in the fifties. The families of Joseph Davis, James Woodward, Perry Gater, Farris Howard, Daniel Ketchum, being early members. Rev. B. P. F. Wells was pastor in 1855. The Cumberland Presbyte- rians formed a class at Harrodsburg in the fifties, meetings being held at the schoolhouse. R. M. Strain, James Woodward, William Chambers, and others and their families were members. Rev. E. Hall was pastor in 1857. The Christian Church at Smithville had for early members James Fox, Matthew Floyd, John Hines and others. Among the Meth- odists there were Perry Gather, Daniel Ketchum, H. Barrett and others. William Leonard belonged to the Christian Reformed, as did H. Burkey, John Hornbaker et al. A Union Church was built. Other classes have been formed in the township since. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 527 WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. DESCRIPTION. THIS civil division of Monroe County was given a separate existence in the year 1829, and was named for the father of our common country. It is a full Congressional township of thirty-six sections, and coincides with Township 10 north, Range 1 west, of the Second Principal Meridian, and is one of the four townships of the county that are crossed by the old Indian boundary. This boundary was established at the treaty of Fort Wayne, September 30, 1809, between the Indians and Gen. Har- rison. At this date, all of Washington Township, and indeed all of Monroe County south of the boundary, was obtained from the natives. The northern part of the township belonged to what became the New Purchase, and was ceded by the Indians to the Government at the treaty of St. Mary's, Ohio, October 3, 1818. Of course that portion of the township north of the boundary, or in the new purchase, was not subject - to entry until after the Indians' title had been extinguished, and until the land had been surveyed by Thomas Brown during the summer of 1819. It was offered for sale in 1821. That part of the township south of the boundary was surveyed by William Harris and Arthur Henrie in 1812, and was subject to entry in 1816. THE SOIL, TIMBER, ETC. The variety and quality of timber in Washington Township will compare favorably with other portions of the county. Among the more noticeable varieties are white and black walnut, red, black, white and chestnut oaks, sugar tree, white and yellow poplar, chestnut, cherry, hickory, elm, beech, sassafras, sycamore, dogwood, gum tree, etc. The surface rocks of the town- ship belong to the knob-stone and Keokuk groups. There are traces in the township of the action of glaciers, but only traces. A section of the geolog- ical deposits about half a mile northwest of Wayport is as follows : ^ Feet. - Cherty and earthy layeis 12 Lower St. Louis limeftone 15 Keokuk limestone, light gray, containing, with stems and plates of crinoidg, Aulopora giga», Zaphrentia aalii, Z.cornucopia, Actinoc- rinus^ ramulosus and basal plates of A. lowi 8 Keokuk limestone, buff colored 12 Knob sandstone, with partings 80 Knob shale, with Hemipronitia cremetriatus, Sptrifer carteri, Chon- drites coUetti and Vermiform fucoides 40 Total 117 The section at Hindostan is as follows : Feet. Earthy layers, containing geodes 6 Keokuk limestone, dark gray 20 Keokuk limestone, light gray 10 528 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY. Keokuk limestone, buff, fossiliferous • 1" * Clay, buff colored, with geodes and stems and plates of crinoids... 6 Keokuk limestone, buff colored 10 Knob sandstone 20 Knob shale, containing Chondrites colleti axiA. VermifoTm fucoidee... 60 Total 142 On Bryant's Creek, on Section 2, the deposits are as follows : Surface soil, creamy colored 6 Keokuk limestone, dark blue 8 Keokuk limestone, light gray 10 Keokuk limestone, buff, with bands of chert and geodes 6 Knob sandstone, with partings 2(1 Knob shale, containing Vermiform fucoidea, Hemipronitii crenittriatut, and casts of Spirifer carteri 80 Total 130 On Section 23, the deposits are as follows : Feet. Earthy layers 12 Knob sandstones, irregularly bedded 40 Knob shale, containing the following geodized fossils: Spirifer carteri, 8. neglectus, Hemipronitis crenisiriatus ; also geodes con- taining chalcedony, butrioidal geodes and mammillated geodes remarkable for their size and beauty 80 Total 132 Mr. I. W. Corr, of Hindostan has many beautiful specimens of fossils, taken from the deposits near his residence, among them being several large geodized crinoids showing all the plates with silica filling the inter- stices between the plates; one fine Aetinocrinus loweii, A. gowdi, Pleu- rotoneoria Sp. {?) and Philipsia bufo. He also has Aetinocrinus humboldti, A. raumlorvs, A. equalis, A. biturbinatus, Granatoerinut granulosus, Q-.fious, identical with those of the Burlington (Iowa) group. He has, also, Pentremites burlingtonensis, Spirifer carteri, S. pseudo- lineatus, S. neglectus, S. keohuk, S. fastigatut, Pleurotomaria shumardi, plates of Archoeocidaris wortheni, Aviculopectum winchelli, Conularia sub-carbonaria. Prima sub-spatulata, Platyceras equilatera, P. infundi- bulum, Phillipsia bufo, Productus punctatus and P. altonensis. LAND BUYERS. On the 12th of September, 1817, while Monroe County was yet unor- ganized, and while it was yet a part of Orange County, James Bennington, at the land ofiBce in Vincennes, purchased the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter, and the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 30, Township 10 north, Range 1 west of the Second Principal Meridian. This was the first purchase of land within the present limits of Washington Township. The second tract or tracts were bought by John Patterson on the 11th of August, 1823 — the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter, and the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 81. The third entry was made by Hugh Corr on Section 14, on the 30th of January, 1824. Jehu Buckner bought on Section 12 in 1826, and Andrew Smith on Section 6 the same year. The entry of Mr. Corr was the first of the township in the New Purchase. Samuel Gaskins bought eighty acres on Section 28 in 1827, and Lee Brown WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 529 bought a similar tract on the same section the following year. William and J. Millikan bought eighty acres on Section 30 in 1828. In October, 1829, John Turner bought eighty acres on Section 33, and the same year Wylie Burns bought a tract on Section 13, and Richard Colier on Section 3. Isaac Gillaspy, in 1830, secured eighty acres on Section 34. In 1881, Robert Walters and Jehu Buckner bought tracts on Section 28, and John Weaver on Section 5. During the following year, land on Sec- tion 3 was bought by Thomas J. Nance, on Section 12 by John Bales, on Section 29 by James Mulky, on Section 32 by Allen Sims, on Sec- tion 33 by John Turner, and on the same section by A. B. Anderson. In 1833, Groalson Steppe bought on Section 2, John Weaver and Andrew Smith on Section 5, Job Johnson on Section 14, John Neal on Section 17, John Bales on Section 19, William McNeely on Section 29, Henry Putnam on Section 31. Jehu Buckner bought on Section 3 in 1834 ; John Neal on Section 17 same year ; Thomas Gillaspy on Section 21 same year ; James Gaskins on Section 28 same year ; David Paddock on Section 28 same year ; Lee Brown on Section 32 same year ; Isaac Gil- laspy on Section 33 same year ; Andrew S. Tate on Section 33 same year; Benjamin Marshall on Section 34 same year. In 1835, entries were made by Job Johnson on Section 14 ; William Gaskins, Section 29 ; Daniel Ray, same section ; Bmsley Wood, Section 31 ; Allen Sims, Sec- tion 31 ; Daniel Ray, Section 33. The entries of 1836 were numerous and as follows : Jeremiah Colier, Levi Colier, William Tate and William Carlton on Section 16, Richard Colier on Section 17, Solomon Langwell on Section 18, Benoni Denny and William Carlton on Section 19, Alexander W. Leland, 240 acres on Section 19, Stephen Gaskins on Section 29, William Scott, William McNeely and William Carlton also on Section 29 ; Alexander W. Leland, nearly all of Section 30 in July, 1836, Emsley Wood and Jacob Millikan on Section 31, A. W. Leland and A. M. Poe on Section 32, also Bmsley Wood, Fielding W. Poe and William Carlton on the latter section, Solomon Langwell and A. B. Anderson on Section 33. William Scott bought on Section 16 in 1837, Washington Smith on Section 33 the same year, and David Browning on Section 34 the same year. In 1838, Caleb Colier, bought on the school section, Benjamin Ridge on Section 31, and Isaac Gillaspy and William Scott on Section 34. Thomas Gillaspy bought on Section 16 in 1839. The above were the only entries in the township prior to 1840, and among the list of purchasers were some of the earliest settlers and after- ward the most prominent and respected men. The settlement in the forties and during the fifties was rapid, nearly all the Government land being taken up. TAX PATERS OF 1841. A. B. Anderson was on Section 23, his tax was $4.72. Lee Brown lived on Section 28, and paid $4.70 tax. Henry Buston lived on Sec- tion 21, his tax being $3.12. Hawkins Bales was on Section 17, his tax was $6.86, including a delinquency of $3.41. James Bales owned Sections 17 and 18, his tax was $15.57. Rachael Bales owned about 200 acres and paid a tax of $11.63. Charles Buck paid poll tax. Bartlett Barton paid a poll tax. James H. Baker owned $200 worth of personal property. John Bales paid poll tax. Levi Colier resided on 530 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. Section 15; Jeremiah Colier on Section 17 ; Micajah Colier on Section 18 and Stephen Colier on Sections 4 and 5. Their taxes were $2.70, $4.94, $1.42 and $4.10 respectively. THE CHURCHES Late in the decade of thirties, probably about 1838, a class of Meth- odists was organized near the central part of the township, the families of Samuel Gaskius, William Gaskins, Bartlett H. Baston, Jesse Gaston and William McNeeley belonging. The church was erected late in the forties, on the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 21 . The land was donated to the church by Mary Ann Gaskins, and comprised one-half of an acre on the quarter above mentioned. In 1848, the Trustees were William McNeeley, Samuel Gaskins, Jesse Gaskins, Bartlett P. Barton and William Gaskins, who at that time were making arrangements to build their church. This religious class is yet in existence, and has done much good in the township. In the forties, the old Mt. Pleasant Chris- tian Church was organizedjn the township, a few of the earliest members being George M. Peery, John Cooter, Alfred Houston, Solomon Lang- well, Josiah Goodwin, Benjamin Houston and their families. In 1849 or 1850, Abraham Lemon sold one acre to the Trustees of this church — Peery, Cooter, Houston, Langwell and Goodwin — from his land on Sec- tion 6, in the northwest corner of the township. About this time the church was erected. This society is also yet it existence, and is prosper- ous. Late in the forties the old Separate Baptist Church, in the vicinity of Hindostan, was organized. Meetings were at first held at the resi- dences of Stephen Havions and John Goodman. The families of Ste- phen Havions, John Goodman, John McCoy, William McCoy were prominently connected in the origin of the society. In 1853, Stephen Bales sold to the Trustees of this church one acre of land on Section 13, to be used as a site for the church. The class styled itself the Union Church of Separate Baptists. These were the early religious classes of the township, but not the only ones, as one or two were organized in schoolhonses. Late years have seen the organization of several others. EDUCATION. Schools were taught during the thirties in the Colier, the Bales and the Langwell neighborhoods. They were very imperfect in every respect except want of comfort and facilities for learning. The schools were taught in the rudest log houses, and were poorly attended, probably by the children of two or three of the nearest families. It was then the cus- tom, as more than one resident of the township can testify from experi- ence, to go to school winter and summer barefoot ; that seems unreason- able but it was done, and how ? The barefooted child, to begin with, had gone thus so long that his feet were hardened and calloused to resist the cold, by several extra layers of epidermis, which necessity compelled Nature to provide. He could stand a degree of cold which would appar- ently chill him to the bone, and could walk for some time in snow and frost without suffering more than he could bear with reasonable fortitude. When he had to do extra duty in the snow and cold, however, he would take a small piece of a board, say a foot wide and two feet long, which BENTON TOWNSHIP. 531 had been seasoned and partially scorched at the fire, and after heating it until it was on the point of burning, he would start • on the run toward the schoolhouse with the hot board in his hand, and when his feet became too cold to bear any longer, he would place the board upon the ground and stand upon it until the numbness and cold had been partly overcome, when be would again take his " stove " in his hand and make another dash for the schoolhouse and repeat the process until the building had been reached. This was actually done in Washington Township. Some- times a flat, light piece of rock was substituted for the board, and was much better as it retained heat longer. Three schoolhouses were built in the township in the forties, and two more early in the fifties, and the five stood on Sections 6, 12, 15, 18, 26 and 33. Since then the schools have increased in number and usefulness until they are among the best in the county. TEACHERS OF 1880-81. V. D. Polly Emma Misner V. W. Branam V. 0. Ferguson Jessie Weir Rose A. Cookerly .... E. V. Ferguson Francis E. Robinson Number of Attendance. Kind and Size District. of Houses. 1 33 Frame, 29x22 feet. 2 30 Frame, 24x28 feet. 3 27 Frame, 24x28 feet. 4 35 • Frame, 20x26 feet. 5 29 Frame, 22x26 feet. 6 38 Frame, 24x28 feet. 7 36 Frame, 22x28 feet 8 55 Frame, 20x26 feet. WAYPORT AND HINDOSTAN. Two villages have been founded in Washington Township : The first, Wayport, was laid out on Sections 28 and 33, in April, 1851, by Isaac Gillaspy, Thomas Gillaspy and G. W. Smith, proprietors, and James Washburn, surveyor. Sixteen lots were laid out. One store, a black- smith shop, a post office, etc., sum up the history of the town. Hindo- Btan was laid out in June, 1853, on the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 14, by Charles G. Gorr, proprietor, and James Wood- bum, surveyor. Twelve lots were laid out on the Martinsville & Bloomington State Road, and just north of the Columbus & Gosport State Road. One store, a few shops and offices also sums up the impor- tance of this little hamlet. BENTON TOWNSHIP. THE SOIL, TIMBER, GBOLQGY, ETC. THIS township was named in honor of Thomas H. Benton, of Missouri, one of the ablest men the country has ever produced. It was or- ganized in 1833, a full account of which may be seen elsewhere in this volume. It comprises all of Congressional Township 9 north. Range 1 east, except the eastern tier of sections, which was attached to Brown County many years ago, and in addition includes all of Township 10 north, Range 1 east, lying south of Bean Blossom Creek. The Town- 532 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. ship is generally rough, with precipitous bluflfs here and there, and is cut by numerous ravines', where small streams find their beds. There is too much clay in the soil to bring the best results to the agriculturist. This is true even of the lower lands, which contain much material washed down from higher altitudes. In some places, however, the soil is rich and deep, and furnishes excellent crops of all the cereals. As a whole the township is superior as a grazing location. The heavy forests, deep de- clivities and numerous bluffs afford abundant protection to domestic animals from the blasts of winter. The geology of the township is much similar to the balance of the county. The section of formation at Union- ville is as follows : Karthy layers containing geodos and the following fossils : Zophrentii Feet. dalii, Z. cornucopia, and plates and stems of crinoids 8 Keokuk limestone ; bluish gray containing a few internal casta of Spirifer neglectua, S. faftigatus, and Zaphrentui dalii 6 Keokuk limestone, light gray 4 Keokuk limestone, buff eolored fi Total 24 On Section 8 is the following formation : Earthy layers containing geodes and irregulnr masses of chort 8 Keokuk limestone, bluish gray with partings 10 Total 16 The following fossils may be found in this formation, though not in a good state of preservation: Forbeseocrinus muUi-brachiatus, BicJioerinv* sculptus, Actinocrinus ramulosus, plates of A. humboldti, and A. lowei. The following may also be found here : Platyeirus equilateralis, Produe- tus punctatus, P. cora, Spirifer tenunstriatus, S. fastigatus, and S. negleotus. On Stephen's Creek, geodes with crystals of dog-tooth and calcareous spar may be found. Occasionally large geodized crinoids of the species Actinocrinus humboldti, A. lowei Hemi proniles erenistria- tus, Spini fercarteri, S. tenuistriatus, and some fine pentagonal Geo- doomuis indianensis occur. The township has an abundance of good stone. Traces of the more valuable minerals, such as gold, copper, etc., have been found in the township. THE WHITE SETTLEMENT. The first entry of land in Benton Township was made by Elisha Pol- lard on Section 34 (the northeast quarter of the southwest quarter, and the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter), on the 27th of September, 1822. The second was on Section 18 (the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter and the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter, in December, 1823, by Henry Kimble. The third was on Section 8 in Janu- ary, 1824, by Robert Young. David Barrow entered the next on Section 5 in 1830. William Florer bought on Section 8 in 1832; George Richardson on Section 21 the same year; and George Skevin on 31 the same year. In 1833, the following entries were made : Isaac W. Young on 6 ; Abram Young on 8 ; Isaac Cox on 18. In 1834, Edward Jackson on 8; Jacob Calor on 9 ; William Richardson on 9 ; David Chitwood on 10 ; Isaac Cox on 18 ; Henry Kimble on 18 and 19. Sampson Henaley bought on 19 in 1835. In 1836, the following entries were made : William Florer on Section 3 ; Mary Crawford on 3 ; Jacob Young on 3 ; Rufus Ward on BENTON TOWNSHIP. 533 4 ; Charles Bates on 6 ; David Young and Isaac W. Young on 8 ; Joab Mrirshon, James Alexander, Hugh McClung and Pleasant Robinson on 9 ; David Chitwood on 10 ; Joshua Richardson and Adam Stevens on 15 ; Pleasant Robinson, Jacob Hosier and Isaac W^ Young on 16 (the school section) ; Joab Cox on 17 ; Sampson Hensley on 19 ; Abraham Ealy on 20 ; Jacob Hosier on 27 ; William Cox on 28 ; Michael Bus- kirk on 80 ; John M. Sluss on 3 1 ; William Cox on 33 ; Lewis Rains and Jacob Romans on 34. In 1837, the following entries were made : John W. Riddle on Section 6 ; Nancy Rains on H ; Joab Cox on 7 ; Thomas Gardner on 9 ; William Richardson on 9 ; Abraham Young and Joshua Richardson on 16 ; James Rader and Jacob Mefford on 19 ; Adam Stephens on 22 ; John B. Cox and Adam Stephens on 28 ; Abraham Ealy on 29 ; Thomas R. Stephenson on 31' ; T. R. Stevenson and Mar- tin Gamble on 32 ; Finney Courtney on 33. In 1838, the following were the entries : Hugh McClung on Section 9 ; Nathan Hensley on 22; Lewis Hosier on 27 ; Jacob Romans on 34. The following were the en- tries in 1839 : Edward Jackson on Section 6 ; Samuel C. Harbison on 15 ; Adam Stephens on 16 ; G. H. Johnson and Isaac W. Young on 18; Nathan Hensley on 21 and 22; George Richardson on 21; William Kerr on 31 ; Joseph Horton on 32 ; Thomas Kelley and James Thomp- son on 33. These were the only entries of land prior to 1840. It is said that the Youngs were the first settlers in the township. The Coxes were in early. The principal early settlement was nea r the center of the township where the families of Richardsons, Chitwoods ,'Stevenses, Youngs, Robinsons, Alexanders and others resided. The settlement and im- provement were very slow. Large bodies of the land were not entered from the Government until as late as the decade of fifties. POLL-TAX PAYEES OF 1841. James Allen, Abraham Allen, William Alexander, James J. Alex- ander, David Banan, Joseph C. Bates, Joab Brummet, Isaac Bolting- house, Christopher Blessey, William Carr, John B. Cox, William Cox, David Chitwood, Isaac Cox, Griffith Davidson, J. J. Fulford, William Fry, Nicholas Fleener, Martin Gamble, James Graham, Madison Graham, Sampson Hensley, Edward Jackson, Hugh HcClung, James Payton, B. F. Rogers, William Richardson, Joshua Richardson, George Richardson, Pleasant Robertson, Jonathan Richardson, Thomas Stephenson, Jordan Stephens, Adam Stephens, David Young, Jr., Abraham Young, Silas Young. The highest tax was paid by the following men : Abraham Allen, $4.93; William Alexander, $7; J. J. Alexander, $7; David Banan, $7; David Chitwood, |4.98 ; the Youngs estate, $9.90 ; Samp- son Hensley, $7.77 ; Edward Jackson, $7.82 ; Hugh HcClung, $6.40 ; David Young, Jr., $5.79 ; Abraham Young, $5.90. The total value of township lands with improvements was $18,605, and as the township then included Marion, those figures, of course, included the latter. The total tax for the two townships was $299.74. The county tax was $109.18 ; the State tax, $190.56 ; total amount of taxables was $32,519 for both townships. SCHOOLS. The first school in Benton Township was taught near the residence of 534 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. Hugh McClung about the year 1838. The second was in the southern part, and the third near what is now Unionville. The first school above named was attended by the children of the Coxes, Richardsons, Robin- sons, Youngs, Mosiers, McClungs, Alexanders and others, and was a famous school, considering the sparsely settled condition of the township. In 1846, there were two school districts in the township. No. 1 had an enumeration of 114, but during the winter of 1846-47, the average daily attendance was only twenty-five. No. 2 enumerated ninety-four, and the same winter had an average daily attendance of only twenty-four. The term in No. 1 was three months, and in No. 2 five months. In No. 1 the teacher was paid $10 per month, and in No. 2 $7.41|. At this time Jacob Mosier, David Chitwood and Hugh McClung were Township Tj-ustees. In 1856, there were in the township five log schoolhouses on Sections 8, 10, 28, 30 and 33. The following tamilies sent to the house on Section 8 — Youngs, Petersons, Williamses, Coxes, Richardsons, McCoys et al. On Section 10 — the Chitwoods, Wests, Robinsons, Fleeners, Brocks, Watsons, Hoggs, McCoys, Robins, Alexanders, Ste- venses et al. Section 28 — Davidsons, Griffins, Hashes, Coxes, Chitwoods, Courtneys, Campbells, Baltinghouses, Mosiers, Ashers, Colemans et al. Section 30 — the Walches, Buskirks, Pares, Skirvins, Gallions, Coxes, Gambles, Hortons, Kimbles et al. Section 33 — the Pauleys, Taylors, Hendricksons, Jacksons, Barrowses, Coleburns, Houstons et al. TEAOHBKS OF 1880-81. Number of District. Actual Enrollment. Kind and Size of Houaea. David Barrow .'. '. 1 2 3 4 6 6 7- 8 28 25 31 87 84 88 39 40 Frame, 20x22 feet. Kittie May Frame, 22x26 feet. William Parks Frame 22x28 feet. Frame, 20x22 feet. Sarah Anderson Frame 22x24 feet. Frame 22x28 feet. William Barnhill Frame, 22x26 feet. W. H. East Frame. 20x22 feet. RELIGIOUS CLASSES. As early as 1834, and very likely several years before, a Baptist class was formed near the residence of Lewis Stevens. The class was styled " Little Union." It was noted in early years for its activity. Lewis Stevens, James Brummet, David Barrow, William McCoy, John Cott and their families were the earliest members. The first meetings were held at the house of James Brummet. Thomas Rader, William Richard- son and their families and many others also belonged early. The Church of Christ, on Young's Ridge, was formed during the forties. James J. Alexander, James Alexander, Joseph Rader, Daniel Thomas, Samuel Smith and their families were prominent and early members. In 1851, Lot 24, in Unionville, was purchased of Henry F. Garlick, for $12, and preparations were immediately made to build the church. Joseph Davis was the carpei^ter, and finished the building — a frame structure — in about July, 1851. Another early class was the Fryes' Church, the leading members being the families of T. Y. Rader, B. S. Robins, George W. Frye, John C. Frye, William Gladden and others. Rev. Robert Har- mon was pastor in about 1857. BENTON TOWNSHIP. 535 UNIONVILLE. This is the only village in Benton township. It is liijely that J. J. Alexander was the first merchant ; at any rate he opened a store of gen- eral merchandise, worth about $900, in the year 1886, and soon had a flourishing trade. He continued in the business many years. Late in the forties, James Carter engaged in business in the village, continuing for several years. About the same time C. C. Fleener also opened a general store. In about 1852, F. R. Miller engaged in the mercantile pursuit. Thus the business went on, usually one or two mercantile establishments present. A blacksmith shop, a post office, a carpenter or two, a dozen families, a doggery, etc., make up the sum and substance of Unionville. THE cox TRAGEDY. One of the most startling occurrences ever within the limits of Benton Township was the butchering of a family of John B. Cox, in September 1861. The neighbors found, one forenoon, that an awful crime had been committed. Those earliest on the premises found Mr. Cox unconscious on his porch from the loss of blood, with several severe cuts and bruises about his head and neck. Within the house a ghastly scene was presented : Mrs. Cox lay dead upon the bed, with her throat cut from ear to ear. Upon an- other bed near lay a girl about ten years old, with her throat horribly mangled, though she was still breathing and alive, though unconscious. On the floor near this bed was a younger girl, dead, with her head half severed from her body. The trundle-bed held- two children, a smaller girl severely cut about the neck, though not mortally, and alive, though par- tially unconscious, and also a boy, not a member of the family, about ten years old, severely cut, though alive, but helpless from the loss of blood. He was considerably scratched and bruised, and seemed to have struggled desperately with his assailant, as the bedding was torn and scattered. The youngest child, a mere baby, was found unhurt. An enormous crowd gathered within the space of a few hours to view the horrible sight. Mr. Cox had some trouble with several of his neighbors, who were immediately arrested and taken to Bloomington for safe-keeping. The dead and wounded were conveyed to the residence of William Cox, near by. Mr. Cox, as soon as conscious, was questioned and stated that several taen at- tacked the family during the previous night, knocked him senseless, after which he knew nothing until the next morning, when by shouts he aroused his neighbors. The men charged with the crime were tried and acquitted. Several from the first had insisted that Mr. Cox, the head of the family, had himself committed the deed in a moment of insanity, with which he was at times afliicted. This case terminated with this view. 536 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP. THE SALT WORKS. THE creek by the above name took its designation from the numerous salt springs along its course. These were discovered at an early day from the great resort made of them by deer which came to drink. They became famous deer-licks, where, as long as those animals were found in the county in any abundance, they could be killed by the hunters, and were so killed. Some of the salty localities gave evidence of such strength that it was resolved to evaporate the water, and thus begin the business of manufacturing salt. If it is remembered that at that time salt was a scarce and costly article in the woods, made so by the great distance where it was prepared and barreled, and by the great cost of transportation, the value of an excellent well will be readily under- stood. It is not necessary to inform old settlers of the commercial value of good salt works within from one to fifteen miles of their doors. As early as 1822 or 1823, Henry Wampler, Thomas Literal and several others bored down on Section 12, Township 8 north, Range 1 east, and found an adundance of excellent brine. They erected "shanties," pro- cured several large iron kettles, and began the work. They received a wide patronage from the start and increased their capacity by the addition of more kettles and men to do the work. The works were conducted for a period of years, and it is said that more than 800 bushels of excellent salt were manufactured in one year. Exact figures cannot be given. The travel to the works became so great at the start, even, that the owners and others petitioned the County Board in 1823 to construct a road from the county seat to the works, which was accordingly done. In after years other wells were sunk in the township, one being near the iron bridge, across Salt Creek. This early manufacture of salt was before the settle- ment of the township. In 1825, the township received a separate exist- ence, and was named from the works which rendered the locality famous, and from the creek which coursed its way from north to south across its surface. NATURAL FEATURES. There is much good soil in the township, though scattered and in small tracts. The lower lands and the slopes are the best for agriculture. Hillsides are found rich and usually pay for cultivation. The tendency is to seed the higher lands down or permit them to retain their natural covering of timber, while the lower tracts are annually cultivated and made to sustain a population of moderate density. Good springs of hard water abound. In the western part are a series of sulphur springs, which possess no little merit for sanitary or medicinal purposes. It is probable, however, that they would not pay to be fitted up for the reception and care of invalids. Salt Creek is the main artery for the conveyance of the waters which sustain the vegetation of the township. Small branches SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 537 extend outward from it at angles like the limbs and twigs of a tree. An abundance of good stone can be obtained by a reasonable amount of labor. Lime is manufactured to some extent, and brick and tile can be had at several locations. LAND ENTRIES. On the 9th of September, 1817, Moses Williams bought 160 acres on Section 7, and this was the first purchase in Salt Creek Township. Lowe and Lee bought 120 acres on Section 10, in 1818. On the 2d of August, 18^0, Elisha Pollard entered two quarters on Section 18, and during the same year Moses Williams entered another tract on Section 22, and John Huff on the same section. Williams also bought on Sec- tion 12, in 1821 and 1824. The following year Henry Wampler bought two tracts, one on Section 23, and the other on Section 27. John Huff also this year purchased a piece on the latter section, and Elisha Pollard on Section 6. James Matlock secured the next tract on Section 27, in 1822. John W. Lee bought on Section 11, in 1824, and J. 0. Howe on Section 12, in 1826. J. 0. Howe, Sr., bought 80 acres on Section 2, in 1824, and John Barnes on Section 10, in 1828. These were the only entries before the decade of thirties. Alexander Owens bought on Sec- tion 10, in 1832. In 1832, William Boruff entered a piece on Section 31, and .Jacob Stephens on Section 2 the following year. John Stephens bought a piece the latter year on Section 3. The following entries were made in 1836 : Samuel Smith on Section 3 ; Finney Courtney on Sec- tion 4 ; Henderson Myers on Section 4 ; Ambrose Miller, Aquilla Rogers and William Martin on Section 6 ; John McKissock on Section 7 ; An- drew Harshberger on Sectioii 8 ; J. 0. Howe on Section 11 ; Edward Walker and John Huff on Section 15 ; Jonathan Huntington on Section 17 ; George Johnson on Section 18 ; Thomas Ferguson on Section 19 ; Archibald Wilson on Section 21 ; Reuben Clark on Section 27 ; Samuel McCalla and George Johnson on Section 28 ; Thomas Ferguson and William Taylor on Section 30, the latter buying 125 acres ; Michael Wampler and David Killough on Section 31 ; James Wakefield on Sec- tion 32, and Archibald Wilson, Daniel Butcher and Aaron M. Wilson on Section 34. The following entries were made in 1837: W. W. Dun- can on Section 4 ; W. D. Maxwell, Section 4 ; Garret Moore, Section 7 ; Isaac Bolinghouse, Section 9 ; Edward Walker, Section 15 ; Alexander Miller, same ; John Cherry, same ; John Armstrong, same ; Michael Wampler, Section 31 ; James Wakefield,' Section 31. In 1838, the foUow- , lowing entries were made: Charles M. Cunningham, Section 6 ; Samuel Curry, Section 7 ; Daniel McCaughan, Daniel Kilpatrick and James Gordon, Section 8 ; John Barnes, Section 10 ; Hamilton Gray, Section 21. In 1839, the following were the entries : Lankston Brummet, Section 4 ; Alexander Kerr, Section 6 ; Samuel Latimer, Section 8 ; Jonathan Hunt- ington, Section 9 ; William Cabot, Section 17 ; George Johnson, Section 28 ; David Johnson, Section 28 ; John Campbell, Section 31 ; John Lucas, Section 33, and the same on Section 34. The above were the only entries of land in Salt Creek Township previous to the year 1840. POLL-TAX PATERS OP 1841. Gabriel Anes owned land on Section 3, but was delinquent. Lankston 638 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. Brummet lived on Section 4, and paid a tax of $3.02 on $230 W3rth of personal property and $150 worth of real estate. James Chandler, who owned no land, paid a poll tax. James Fleener lived on Section 18, but was delinquent. George Johnson also lived on Section 18 ; his tax was $2.44. John Hansan, William Helton and Samuel Harbison paid poll tax. John Lucas and Samuel Latimore were assessed poll tax. James Smith lived on Section 27, John Stephenson Section 3, and Samuel Smith on Section 3. Their tax was $2.90, $3.60 and $3.26, respectively. Jonathan Sherrill owned 80 acres on Section 31, and was taxed $2.30. Michael Wampler and J. W. Wakefield were residents, but were delin- quent. Bartlett Woodward owned 80 acres on Section 34, and was taxed $3.18. This old settler was one of the first County Commissioners. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. No schools were taught in Salt Creek Township until late in the thirties, at which time two started into being about the same time — one near the Boles farm or the Butcher farm, in the southern part, and the other a little north of the center. Both were log houses, and were used only temporarily for school purposes. In 1843, there were two school- houses, and a portion of the school section (No. 16) had been sold to in- crease the funds to pay the teachers and to keep up the houses. By 1846, two hundred and twenty acres had been sold for $505, but only $126.25 had been realized in cash. In 1856, there were three good schoolhouses and two temporary concerns. One of the good houses stood on Section 15J another on Section 19, and the third on Section 34. The schools, then, at best, were very inferior. Later years have brought a great im- provement, but serious errors have crept in that should be corrected. Pupils have become parrots, not thinking, reasoning beings. The sys- tem of public school education requires summary correction and revision. Enormous sums are annually expended on the public schools, hand- some buildings are erected, and the system is the pride of every citizen. But in a measure the system is a failure. The public schools are the womb of the intellectual life of this nation, and an immense responsibility devolves upon our educators. Their first duty is to teach the children to think ; do they ? Mere memorizing is only a mental gymnastic. If the literal form is forgotten, the idea vanishes and the learner is left hopelessly ignorant. The teachers should strictly forbid the pupil to repeat, parrot- like, the words of the book, and insist that the ideas gained therefrom be clothed in different language. Let our education be practical, is the cry. By all means; but it does not go far enough. "Readin', writin' and cipherin' " are not knowledge, but simply its instruments. The boy who leaves the public schools knowing no more than that — and even geography and a little history — is as barren as to his ideas, is as completely shut out of the intellectual world as though he had never made an attempt to enter it. The great majority of pupils leave school at the age of fifteen. Their chief literary condiments are the flashy story papers and works of fiction belonging to the diseased, sensational type. If they have ever heard of Shakspeare, Addison, Tennyson, Longfellow and the host of great literati, they are not indebted to the public schools for the information. To be sure, there is a school reader ; but the read- SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 539 ing hour is devoted almost entirely to the intonation of the voice, and not in elucidating the sense of the matter. Let the memory be exercised, by all means, not in memorizing text-books, but in gleaning from the death- less productions of the past and the great works of to-day. We repeat that to teach a child to think is the object of school education. In a year the pupil will acquire a host of choice, pregnant sayings, that are couched in language so pure and elegant that they cannot but re-act upon and unconsciously shape his own. This is eminently practical, and, even it were not, it is not all of life to hoard the almighty dollar. If the teachers can, by short conversations and quotations from standard authors, succeed in interesting their pupils and thereby send them to the works themselves, they will confer an incalculable boon upon those who are sacredly put in their charge and do much in solving a vital question. Only then will the evil of trashy literature be forever laid at rest. A child cannot be forced into solid reading. He must be tempted to it. The taste comes slowly, but when once acquired is a mine of wealth, exhaust- less through life, and what is more, is the road to happiness and content. That school or college which seeks the natural bent of the child places him under the refining influences of the best writers, and which shapes his thoughts according to the best thinkers of the world has succeeded ; but that school or college which sends a pupil from its doors with his mental tastes undeveloped, and his vocation undiscovered (this too frequently hap- pens in the largest universities of the land), has failed and failed lamenta- bly. It will not do to say that the acquisition of these tastes must be left to high schools. Comparatively few of the school children go there. School life is the smallest part of an education, and the duty of the educa- tors is to put the pupil on the right road, which he will afterward pursue for himself. What is so practical as science ? The rudiments of physical geography, chemistry, physics, geology and botany are now published by leading scientists, and in a form so lucid that a child of ten can understand them. And yet if a man asked the question in the public schools of this town- ship, " On what principle is it that water is drawn from the bottom of the well by a pump?" probably out of a hundred who have used the pump- handle one could answer the question. Concerning the most elementary principles of science the body of "practical" men are densely ignorant. Also another branch of study — one of transcendent importance — is com- pletely neglected. It is political economy. By our Constitution univer- sal suffrage prevails, and the schoolboy of to-day is the voter of to-morrow. Politics is the theme of the boy as well as the man. Yet glaring com- mercial and financial fallacies gain currency in politics, which a child with a knowledge of the fundamental principles of the science could refute. A half hour every other day in the public schools devoted to the study of Prof Jevou's primer, Mrs. Fawcett's excellent little work or any other good book, would be a splendid assurance of safe legislation for the future. In these respects, then, our public schools can be improved. Ideas should be gotten from text-books and not words. The study of science, political economy and our Constitution should be introduced, and could be without increased expenditure. They are greatly needed and eminently practical. We do not attach much importance to the protest against impracticability. 34 540 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. If one thing more than another characterizes an American, it is the desire to secure to his children the advantages denied to himself. A great many things go to make up an education, and we do not believe that we are get- ting our money's worth to-day. TEACHERS OF 1880-81. Aggie Anderson., Betta Bodkin Jennie Snodgrass Aggie Anderson . Eliza Strain Alice Rogers C. W. Smith Number of District. Attendance. 4-2. 38 33 35 30 Kind and Size of House, Frame, 22x26 feet. Frame, 20x26 feet. Frame. Log; Log, 18x20 feet. 18x18 feet. CHURCHES. In 1851, a class of the Christian Church was organized in Salt Creek Township. The first meetings were held at the residence of Elizabeth Wampler. In 1854, arrangements were made to build a church on Moore's Creek, the funds being raised by subscription. Among the early members were the families of Mrs. Wampler, William Baxter, William Shields, John Lucas, Troylus Mize and others. The membership at the time the building was erected was abou^ thirty. This was the leading religious society of the township in early years. Several others started into life in schoolhouses, but were short lived. Later years have seen the erection of other churches. FRIENDSHIP. In the month of September, 1857, James G. Fleener, with the as- sistance of the County Surveyor, laid off eighteen lots on Section 21, Township 8 north. Range 1 east, and named the village thus begun Friendship, a very pretty and sociable cognomen. But Friendship was fated to die on paper, as it made no friends who cared to remain with it through the storms and sunshines of this busy world. It surrendered to the inevitable in a few short months. POLK TOWNSHIP. ORIGIN OF THE NAME. THIS civil division of the county of Monroe, as will be seen more fully in another chapter of this volume, was organized soon after the termination of the administration of President James K. Polk, and in his honor was given the name it now bears. Some portions of the township are extremely rough, with soil of unfortunate sterility ; but other portions are mildly rolling, have numerous natural springs of excellent water, and a surface soil that is practically inexhaustible. Owing to the worthlessness of a few tracts, they were not entered from the Government until within POLK TOWNSHIP. 541 the last ten or fifteen years. The soil was poor and too precipitous to be easily cultivated, and even such timber as grew upon it was comparatively worthless, consisting mainly of small, soft growths and numerous thickets of heavy underbrush. In other portions, however, and usually upon the better lands, grew a rich and varied native forestry of walnut, beech, ash, whitewood, oak and other woods, of equal worth. Scattered through- out the length and breadth of the township along the valleys and in the lower localities was the rich land which attracted the first settlers. THE EARLY LAND-BUYERS. The first tract of land entered in Congressional Township 7 north, Range 1 east, was on Section 4. On the 10th of December, 1821, a dozen and more years before the general settlement of the township, Elijah Elliott bought ninety and a fraction acres, but did not erect build- ings of any kind nor attempt to reside on the land he had bought. The next entries and the first permanent ones were by men who became the most prominent the township has produced and whose children and grand- children continue to sustain the honor of the family name. In the year 1823, five years after the organization of the county, when what is now Polk Township was an uninhabited wildwood, except, perhaps, by some temporary family of trappers or hunters, the old settler, George Todd, bought a tract of eighty acres on Section 26, and made preparations to erect thereon rude log buildings for his family and others for his cattle and horses. With the help of his brothers and a man or two who went out with him, the necessary buildings were soon erected and the family immured in their new home. The woods around were full of deer, and occasionally a bear would be seen near the cabin. Three years afterward Mr. Todd bought eighty acres more on the same section, and also eighty acres on Section 23. This gave him a good farm — more in fact than he could use to advantage. In 1831, Andrew Todd bought eighty acres on Section 15, and John Todd eighty acres on Section 14. The second settler, and a man who was to play a conspicuous part in the subsequent history of the township, Thomas Fleetwood, came to the township in 1826, and bought eighty acres of land on Section 36, near that of Mr. Todd. In 1833, he bought forty acres more on the same section. In 1829, Isaac Fleetwood bought eighty acres on Section 35, and in 1834, bought forty acres on Section 26. Solomon Fleetwood bought on Section 26 in 1837, and Joseph Fleetwood on Section 36 in 1839. Joseph Stipp became the owner of eighty acres on Section 20 in 1832, and four years "later entered forty acres on Section 19. William Moss entered a piece in 1834 and another in 1836 on Section 7, and Alexander Newton secured forty acres on Section 23. A piece on Section 10 was bought by William B. Todd in 1837, and another on the same section by ^David Haw- kins in 1839. Robert Hicks selected a tract on Section 36 in 1834, William R. Coombs in 1836, and Benjamin Browning in 1837. Isaac Norman bought on Section 35 in 1836, and Moses Martin in 1839. An eighty-acre tract on Section 32 went to Green C. Mize in 1837, Sidney S. Meadows and Q. N. Cain purchased on Section 31 in 1836, and Will- iam Henry on the same in 1838. In 1836. both Natty Gougle and Thomas Chambers entered small pieces on Section 30, William Todd 542 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. bought on Section 26 in 1837 and James Todd on the same in 1839. William Newton also entered land on this section — one piece in 1836 and another in 1837, and Samuel Axom did the same in 1839. William Henry, Jr., and Elizabeth Chambers became the owners of tracts on Sec- tion 18 in 1837 and 1838, respectively. John Hanson bought on Section 17 in 1837, and Jesse Davar the same year, and 1839 on Sec- tions 5 and 4. Aaron M. Johnson obtained eighty acres in 1836 on Section 3, and Benjamin H. Halleck forty acres the same year on the same section. Nelson Robertson secured forty acres in 1837 on Section 2. All these tracts of land were in Township 7 north, Range 1 east, but this does not comprise all of the present Polk Township. Twelve sections were detached from Brown County by an act of the Legislature and made a part of Polk Township and Monroe County. The only entries on these twelve sections before 1840 were as follows : Jonathan Faulks and Joshua Repper on Section 31 in 1829, and Charles Sipes on Section 29 in 1836. These twelve sections are a part of Congressional Township 7 north. Range 2 east of the Second Principal Meridian. All the land entered in the township previous to 1840 has now been given. RESIDENTS OF 1842. The township was sparsely settled only at this date, Benjamin Brown- ing lived in the southern part, was taxed for 54 acres, which with im- provements were listed at $218, and was assessed $3.16. Reuben Clark lived on section 10 ; he paid a tax of $6.15 on $436 worth of real and personal property. Q. N. Cain resided in the township, but seems to have owned no land'; his personal property was $40. Joseph Cracraft owned no land ; and paid tax on $40 of personal property. John Cherry also resided in the township, as did also David Cherry. William Colder paid on $100 of personal property. Wiley Davar lived on Section 15, and was assessed $3.22. Thomas Fleetwood, who lived down on Section 86, was assessed a tax of $8.54; he had $1,400 worth of personal property and his total taxables were $2,138 ; his land amounted to 194 acres, a portion being on Section 35. William Hunter owned 175 acres on Section 31, and paid a tax of $6.50. Joseph Miller lived on Section 17, and paid $2.84. William Mize lived also on Section 17; his tax was $1.46. Peter Norman owned 240 acres on Sections 26 and 35; his personal prop- erty was $800 and total taxables $1,660; his tax was $8.14. The fol- lowing entry appears upon the tax duplicate : " Mr. Norman thinks he is taxed too much and ought to be released." Isaac Norman paid a poll- tax. Nelson Robertson lived on Section 2, and D. A. Rogers on Section 4. John Sipes owned a cottage on Section 20. Joshua Stepp owned 120 acres on Sections 19 and 20, and paid a tax of $3.84. James Stepp paid a poll tax. John, Thomas and James Todd were assessed each a poll tax ; but George, Henry and William, although their names appear on the duplicate, seem to have been delinquent. Henry was assessed a poll tax, but seems not to have paid it when due. John Todd paid a tax of $7 .40; Thomas Todd $10.87; and James Todd $4.70; but $6.83 of the tax of Thomas was delinquencies settled. About a half a dozen more men were then living in the township, but their names cannot be given for certainty. Some twenty or thirty families arrived during the remainder of the dec- POLK TOWNSHIP. 543 ade of forties, but the real settlement in its fullness did not commence until the fifties, at which time most of the land was purchased and occu- pied. The township was organized in 1849. THE COUNTERFEITERS. 'During the decades of the forties and fifties — late in the forties and the greater portion of the fifties — bands of counterfeiters, horse-thieves, burglars, etc., overran the greater portion of Indiana, and Monroe County did not escape the pestilence. Within its limits were partially uninhabited tracts of rough country, where ravines, morasses and impenetrable thick- ets furnished an excellent retreat for the light-fingered gentry to ply their unlawful depredations. In some localities of the State, neighbor could place no dependence on neighbor, for the inducements to pass counter- feit money were so strong, owing to the poverty of the masses and the great advantages of a few hundred dollars, that men of previous good character were persuaded to connect themselves with manufacturers of counterfeit bills or bogus (!bin in order to reap a harvest for a short time, after which they expected to resume their places of honor and good stand- ing untouched by the stigma of crime or misdemeanor. The southeast- ern portion of Monroe County early showed evidences of illegal transac- tions of this character. Several of the residents of Polk Township were suspected of complicity, but nothing definite was learned until late in the fifties. Before this, however, counterfeit bills on the various State banks and bogus coin of fair appearance, color and weight made their appear- ance in the county at the mercantile establishments, and steps were taken to ferret out the rascals. But the system in vogue among the malefactors for a number of years completely or nearly, so bewildered the local authori- ties, and but little headway was made in ending the " reign of crime." It is likely that no unlawful money was manufactured in Monroe County. Passers of counterfeit money, however, were quite numerous. This soon led to the organization of companies of regulators — men of honesty in Polk Township and vicinity — who resolved to end the career of the lawbreakers if careful watch and persistent effort would do so, and in this they sus- ceeded. The plan or mode of regulation became quite popular, and was re- garded as an effective and satisfactory way of settling with the law- breakers. It led, however, to grave abuses. In more than one section of the county, a number of men who entertained a grudge against a neigh- bor would assemble at his residence at night, thoroughly disguised, and would then proceed to give him a terrible whipping. A man named Bingham, living in the county, was thus treated, and so severe was the punishment that his body was a mass of bruised and blackened flesh, from which he died in a few days. The man was no doubt an honest citizen. Another, named Vansickle, was terribly whipped, and after a few months died from the effects at what became Vansickle's mills, in the southern part of Morgan County. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. The first school was taught in the vicinity of the Todds, early in the forties, but the name of the teacher cannot be given. The house was of 544 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. logs, and had been built for a dwelling, but the family had vacated it, after which it was transformed into a seat of learning. Schools did not generally start up until the decade of fifties. In 1856, there were but four schoolhouses in the township, both of logs. There are now six or eight. Mr. Todd donated the land on Section 26 for a schoolhouse, and William Hunter the land on Section 31, Range 2 east; the latter includ- ' ed a fine spring of running water. Early in the fifties the Methodist Church, called Chapel Hill, was organized, and soon afterward the build- ing was erected. Among the early members were the families of A. J. Temple, John T. Cracraft, David Miller, Jackson Cracraft and Felix Miller and others. Charles Bruner was an early pastor. Another early church was the one called Pleasant Valley of the Methodists. John Allen, Thomas Allen, Bldridge Prince, William Bdds and others were members. Another early class was the Methodist Church, called Salem Chapel, some of the early members being the families of Peter Norman, William Hunter, Benjamin Browning, Lucien D. , John F. Walker, L. Q. Hoggatt, William H. Cornelius. TEACHERS OF 1880-81. Alfred Mitchell.... Lizzie Todd Alfred Helton R. C.Todd Samuel Smallwood G. W. Norman E. C. Gillstrap J. R. Randolph.... Andrew Parks Number of Attendance. District. 1 48 2 36 3 50 4 34 6 44 6 40 7 24 8 20 9 40 Kind and Size of Koaam. Frame, third class. Frame, poor. Frame, fourth class. Frame, 20x24 feet. Frame, 20x24 feet. Frame, 20x24 feet. Frame, 16x20 feet. Log, poor. Log, poor. THE FIRST ELECTIONS. When the township was created in 1849, elections were ordered held at the house of John Todd, or " at Todd's Big Springs." These springs were fine ones and had induced Mr. Todd to locate in their vicinity. Elections were held at Mr. Todd's for several years. The old blacksmith shop there was probably used. Wylie Davar and Samuel Axam were the first Fence Viewers, Peter Norman the first Inspector of Elections and Wylie Davar the first Constable. The school section was not sold until the fifties. CHAPEL HILL. In the month of October, 1856, David Miller and John Smith, own- ers, employed the County Surveyor to lay ofi" twenty-seven lots on the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 31, Township 7 north. Range 1 east, and named the village thus started on paper Chapel Hill. Their hopes of having a thriving town spring up there, however, were doomed to disappointment. A start was made, but the infant was too weak to survive any great length of time, and so died without hope of resurrection. MARION TOWNSHIP. 545 MARION TOWNSHIP. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION. THIS township was not] created until the forties, but remained a part of Benton during much of the early history of the county after the latter township was formed and organized. It is the smallest civil divi- sion of the county, but contains some of the best and most prominent citizens. Some of the finest and best cultivated farms are here, and the schools and churches will compare favorably with any other portion of the county. The township is generally rolling, the uplands being largely of clay, while along the streams and in several natural depressions a fine alluvial soil, mingled with more or less of sand, returns to the farmer abundant harvests for his labor. The timber is one of the township's best sources of wealth, and is usuall'y allowed to stand on the poorer soil, and is taken from the better soil to give room for the husbandman. There are several fine springs, which furnish water as cold as ice and as pure and clear as crystal. GEOLOGY. The formation on Section 4 is as follows : Ferruginous clay soil 6 feet. Limestone (Keokuk), dark blue 7 feet. Clay parting, bluish gray 1 feet. Limestone (Keokuk), light gray 5 feet. Total 19 feet. One-fourth of a mile southwest of Monroe's mill, on Hacker's Creek, the bed and banks are thickly strewn with granite bowlders. Some beautiful specimens of sienite, greenstone, quartzite and flesh-colored feldspar also abound. One mile east of Monroe's mill, the knobstone is 1 00 feet thick. On Honey Greek, black sand (magnetic iron ore), similar to the gold-bearing sand of Bear Creek, Brown County, may be seen. Granite bowlders strew the ground. Beautiful geodes and fine fossils are found. Black sand containing gold traces is also found in Wolf Creek, which has its head in Brown County. THE SETTLEMENT. Marion Township was not settled generally until long after the organiza- tion of the county, but this was not due to any natural unattractiveness. It probably arose from the fact that the township was far removed from the county seat, from the larger water-courses where settlements then congre- gated, and from the highways uniting the leading commercial centers of the early times. This was no fault of the township. It lay there with its broad, rich acres, inviting the agriculturist to homes of plenty and comfort. And at last he came. Like all portions of this part of Indiana, it is difficult to give with any degree of certainty the name of the first settler, and it is still more difficult to give the time of settlement. Many 546 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY. early settlers lived on their lands a number of years before they had been purchased, simply enjoying a squatter's rights. Many others lived on lands which they cultivated for a half dozen or more years, and did not finally buy, as they were simply occupied temporarily, owing to the pov- erty of the pioneer or to his intention to locate elsewhere. But at last the settler came, and came to stay. The first tract of land purchased in the township was on Section 6. It was entered on the 30th of July, 1823, by Osborn & Brown, merchants, who did not locate for resi- dence in the township at all. They sold the land to others. The second entry was on Section 18, in 1827, by Jehu Buckner, who was no doubt the first permanent settler. He entered a tract on Section 7 at the same time. He built a log cabin, in which his family resided for many years. Of course he saw hard times, but not as much so as did those early settlers who had no mills nor stores nor markets nearer than twenty or thirty miles, and no teams but half-starved oxen. The Buck- ners grew up with the township, saw the lands yield to the efforts of themselves and their neighbors, saw prosperous homes dot the expanse where they had once seen impenetrable forests, and saw their possessions increase and widen out as the years passed. Shad Martin entered a tract (the third) on Section 18 in September, 1829. James Stepp came to the township in 1832, and purchased two tracts on Section 2. His family and relatives have since resided in the township. They have been among the most enterprising and respected of the citizens. A. H. Ful- ford purchased a tract on Section 4, in the year 1832. Members of this family have since resided in the township. James and Wylie Poynter bought land on Section 4 in 1833. Their families also became promi- nent and influential. During the same year — the year of the great meteoric shower, one of the most memorable in the history of the world — Adam Wall bought a fine piece of land on Section 21. His family and that of Conrad Wall were prominent in early times. In 1834 the Hen- dricksons — as good citizens as old Monroe or young Marion has — came to the township for permanent residence. They bought land on Sections 15, 21, 22, 14, and perhaps others. There were three of them — Thomas J., Joshua and Ezekiel — who established homes in the woods of Marion. By the way, the township was named for that hero of the Revolution, Francis Marion, of whom it was said by the poet : ' ' The British soldier trembles When Marion's name is told." The old settler, Reuben Stepp, bought land on Section 21 in 1835, and became a prominent resident of the township He also bought a small tract on Section 6 in 1836. William Stewart bought on Section 2 in 1837, and Henry Hicks on the same section the same year. George Downey obtained a tract on the same section in 1836, and bought more on Section 3 the following year. John M. Thomas and Spencer McDaniel secured farms on Section 4 in 1837. Valentine Hacker and G. Percifield bought in 1836 on Section 6, and Thomas M. Graham in 1837 on Section 8 ; David Wampler and Savoy Stepps se- cured tracts on Section 9 in 1837 ; and William McMilleh and Joseph Baugh on Section 14 in the same year. William McOay bought on Sec- tion 19 during the same year. Michael Fleener bought on Section 85 at MAKION TOWNSHIP. 547 an early day. His relatives and himself became prominent in Marion and Benton Townships. John J. Graham became the owner of a piece of land on Seccion 3 in 1838, and George M. Fry on Section 2 in 1839 ; William Woodall bought on Section 36 in 1839. These were all the en- tries of land prior to 1840. The decade of the forties saw but little in- crease comparatively in the number of permanent and substantial resi- dents. During the fifties, however, nearly all of the land in the town- ship was bought by men who were, or who became, actual residents of the township. In 1841, the following well-known men resided in the town- ship, and may be called the pioneers of Marion ; Jehu Buckner, who owned land on Sections 6, 7, and 10, and who paid a State and county tax of $13.22, the highest in the township ; Thomas Bates, on Section 15; Absalom Fulford, on Section 4; John Goodwin, on Section 18 ; J. J. and Samuel Graham, on Section 7 ; Abraham Goodsey, on Section 10; Ezekiel Hendrickson, on Sections 22 and 27 ; Thomas Hendrickson, on Section 17; Valentine Hacker, on Section 6, who paid a tax of $9.88 ; Reuben Stepp on Sections 21 and 27; Conrad and Adam Wall, on Section 21, and David Wampler on Section 9. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. Schools did not start up until late in the forties, and even then infe- rior and few. The first houses were of logs, rudely built, and were unin- viting places until cold weather came, and the huge fire-places were filled with roaring logs and the dark room with a glow of ruddy light. A good school was started in the Hendrickson neighborhood early in the fifties, and for a time was the only well-conducted institution of learning in the township. Soon afterward, however, another was established in the north- ern part, in the Stepp neighborhood, and was well attended, the teachers usually being citizens of the neighborhood. Late in the fifties, a school was conducted for a few years in the northeastern corner, and about the same time in the southeastern, near the creek. Four or five good schools are now conducted in the township. The early residents of the southern part were forced to go to Unionville to get the advantages of religious in- struction. A congregation of the Church of Christ was established there during the forties, and drew a portion of its membership from Marion. The residents of the western and southwestern parts went to the " Separ- ate Baptist Church " on Section 13, Washington Township, and also to the Methodist Church in the southern part of the same township. When Reuben Stepp deeded a small piece of land to the Township Trustees to be used for school purposes, a proviso was inserted that the building should be used by any religious denomination when not occupied for educational purposes. This land was on Section 9. Ezekiel Hendrickson deeded the school lot in his neighborhood for school purposes, the land being on Sec- tion 22. Both lots were transferred in April 1854, and were the first. TEAOHBES OF 1880-81, Sallie Rus8 W. H. Lee Kate Height Thomas Cain Number of District. Attend- ance. 1 44 2 24 3 36 4 40 Kind and Bize of Houses. Frame, 18x22 feet. Frame, 20x26 feet. Frame, 22x28 feet. Frame, 22x20 feet. r BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. ELIAS ABEL, one ot the oldest living settlers of Monroe County, was bom in Wythe County, Va., June 7, 1800. He was the eldest of three children born to Lewis and Hannah (Davis) Abel, and was reared in a log cabin. His opportunities for gaining an education were lim- ited altogether to about six months spent in a log schoolhouse with nothing but the bare ground for a floor, and greased paper windows. His father dying about the year 1820,he took care of his mother, who was an invalid, and by working afdays' work for four years he was enabled to save enough to immigrate to Indiana. After twenty-one days of weary travel, on the 26th day of August, 1824, he reached the residence of his brother-in-law, Luke Ward, in Monroe County. Having nothing to begin on, he worked by the day, until April 28, 1828, when he was married to Hannah Ottwell, daughter of Naomi Ottwell, a resident of Monroe County. After his marriage, he farmed in Monroe County until December, 1841, when he removed to Bloomington, to enter upon his duties as County Treasurer, to which office he had been elected in the preceding August. He tilled this office successfully and with credit to himself for thirteen years. He then served as Deputy County Treasurer until October, 1856, when he was elected to represent Monroe County in the State Legislature, and served during the winter of 1856-57. After the expiration of his term in office he again served as Deputy Treasurer until 1862, at which time he retired from active business life. His wife died in March, 1864. October 3, 1870, he was married to Cerelda Wor- ley, daughter of Isaac Worley, one of the earliest settlers in Monroe County. Mr. Abel began on nothing, and has been the recipient of no legacies or bequests. He is the architect of his own fortune, and by his industry and energy has acquired a competency. He is at present en- joying good health, and is still considered one of the " old wheelhorses" of the Democratic party in Monroe County. BENJAMIN F. ADAMS, a native of Monroe County, Ind., was born in Indian Creek Township January 2, 1827. He is the eldest son born to George and Mary (Freeland) Adams, natives of Kentucky, who located in Indian Creek Township in 1818. There the father died July, 1853, and the mother in November, 1871. When about nineteen years of age, our subject began teaching school, and continued about two years. For some time following, he assisted his father on the farm, and when twenty-three years of age he formed a partnership with William 550 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Dudley in the general merchandise business at Stanford, Van Buren Town- ship, Monroe County, continuing three years. At the death of his father he purchased the interests of the other heirs in the old homestead farm, and engaged in farming until September, 1872, at which time he removed to Bloomington for the purpose of educating his children. Here he embarked in the administrator's business, and at present is the assignee and administrator of many estates. On the 8th day of May, 1853, he was married to Harriett J. Baker, daughter of Absalom Baker, an early settler in Monroe County. His wife dying February 14, 1865, he was married December 8, 1880, to Elizabeth (Betty) Evans, of Mason County, Ky. He was a charter member of Stanford Lodge, No. 173, A, P. & A. M. , and is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He served some time as Councilman, and is at present a member of the City Board of School Trustees. CAPT. W. M. ALEXANDER was born in Bloomington, Monroe Co., Ind., on December 19, 1836. His parents, John H. and Margaret J. (Clark) Alexander, were natives of Kentucky. They came to Monroe in an early day, and located in Bloomington, where the father engaged in farming, and ran a mammoth tannery. In July, 1855, his death oc- curred, the wife having been dead for some time. Capt. Alexander was the youngest in a family of four children, and was reared in his native place until after his mother's death, when he began work by assistiijg the farmers in his immediate vicinity, and working at odd jobs. When twenty years of age, he began herding cattle, which he did both in Iowa and Minnesota for two years. Eeturning to Bloomington, he learned the blacksmith's trade with Seaward & Sons. In the spring of 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Eighteenth Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. Charles, and served for about four and a half years, taking part at Pea Eidge, Black Water, Cotton Plant, Magnolia Hills (after which battle he was promoted to Second Lieutenant), Champion Hills, Black River, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Miss. , Mustang Island, Tex. , Ft. Esperauza. and then came home on furlough. August 1, 1863, he was sent to the army of Virginia, and took part in the battles at Richmond, Winchester, Fisher Hill and Cedar Creek, after which he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and soon after, for meritorious conduct, to Captain. No- vember, 1865, he received an honorable discharge at Darien, Ga., and, returning to Bloomington, followed his trade for a number of years. He then opened a meat market, and one year later was appointed Deputy Sheriff, which position he held until the fall of 1876, when he was elected Sheriff, and two years later was re-elected by quite a large majority. He then farmed until 1882, when he was elected County Auditor, which position he at present occupies and tills with great credit to himself and benefit to the county. Mr. Alexander is a stanch Republican and a mem- ber of the Christian Church, as is also his wife. He was married Sep- tember 19, 1868, to Jennie Burch, a native of Monroe County, by whom there was one child, which died December, 1880. His wife died one year and three months after marriage, and he was next married to Mrs. Jennie Hoover, daughter of Capt. John Sluss, of Monroe County, on Janu- ary 7, 1883. Mr. Alexander is a member of the K. of P., Franklin Lodge, No. 22. He is highly esteemed by all who know him, both as a citizen and as an ofScial. WILLIAM J. ALLEN, only son of John W. and Fannie J. (Clark) Allen, was born September 8, 1836, in Putnam County, Ind. He was BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 551 reared on a farm in Perry Township, Monroe County, Ind., whither he came with his parents when but three months old. In September, 1850, he entered the State University, and remained until the death of his father September 8, 1852. In April, 1853, he came to Bloomington with his mother, and entered the employ of W. O. Fee, a dry goods mer- chant, with whom he remained for nearly a year. March 13, 1854, he went to California, where he mined until the spring of 1857, when he returned to Bloomington. Kemoving thence to Iowa, he remained a short time. In September, 1857, he was married 'to Harriet L. Swearin- gen, daughter of Charles and Harriet Swearingen, residents of Monroe County. They had three children — John C, Fannie C. and Joseph H. His wife died on November 8, 1865, and in July following he was mar- ried to Eliza J. Allen, daughter of Robert N. and Elizabeth Allen, of Greencastle, Ind. They have six children — Robert N., Eliza L., Mary M., William D., Eva O. and Arthur G. He farmed after his first marriage until the war broke out in 1862, and then enlisted in Company A, Fifty -fourth Indiana Light Artillery, serving for three years, taking part in the battles at Atlanta, Jonesboro and Nashville, and on July 5, 1865, received an honorable discharge; Returning to Bloomington, he he was engaged in the stove and tinware business with M. E. Benegar, afterward with Samuel Osborn, until 1870, when he purchased the whole stock, and at present does a lucrative business in stoves, tin and hard- ware, also agricultural implements, and all kinds of building material. Mr. Allen is a member of the United Presbyterian Church, and polit- ically he is a Republican^ DR. A. J. AXTELL, one of the leading physicians in Bloomington, Monroe Co., Ind., was born October 18, 1827, in Washington County, Penn., where he was reared until nine years of age. He then went to Knox County, Ohio, with his parents, Thomas and Mary (Weir) Axtell, natives of Pennsylvania, entered the Martinsburg College, attended two years, and afterward taught school for some time. In 1847, he began to study medicine with Drs. Connors & Welsh, in Noble County, Ohio, con- tinuing for three years. In 1850, he entered the regular practice of his profession there, and four years later removed to Greene County, Ind. , re- maining there for nearly twenty years. In 1873, he came to Blooming- ton, where he has since been successfully engaged. In August, 1868, he was elected Captain of Company A, Ninety-seventh Indiana Volunteers, organized at Terre Haute, and sent to Memphis, Tenn., where, on ac- count of ill health, he was compelled to resign. He has served two years as Coroner of Monroe County. On November 7, 1850, he was married to Susan M. Gilkerson, daughter of Thomas C. and Sarah Gilkerson, of No- ble County, Ohio. They have had nine children, seven of whom are liv- ing — Charles J., William P., Mattie, Henry O., Mary B., Harry A. and an infant. Dr. Axtell is Secretary of a Masonic Lodge, is a Republican, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Church. HARVEY BAKER was born in Washington Township, Morgan Co. , Ind., April 11, 1840. His parents, John C. and Elizabeth (MbDaniel) Baker, natives of Kentucky, were married in Morgan County, and settled on a farm in Washington Township, where they lived until 1843, when the mother died. The father then married Mrs. McKinney, and removed to a farm in Jefferson Township, whence, in 1852, he went to Baker Town- ship, where he died in December, 1866. The subject of this sketch was the eldest son and child, and was reared in Morgan County, where he was 552 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: educated in tlie district schools. August 26, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany H, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. James E. Burton, and served for more than two years. He took part in the engagements at Wild Cat, Ky., and Cumberland Gap, and at the battle of Thompson's Station, Tenn. ; on March 5, 1863, was wounded in the right leg; was capt- ured and placed in prison in Columbia, Tenn., from whence he escaped August 6,1863, and on account of disability he was mustered out of serv- ice September 11. On December 24, 1866, he was married to Martha Holler, daughter of Jacob B. Lafaver, Methodist preacher. They had three children, two of whom are living — Newton D. and Jacob O. He engaged in farming in Baker Township until in 1872, when he removed to a farm in Monroe County, remaining for seven years. He then re- moved to Bloomington, and was appointed Tax Collector, which position he filled for three years. In March, 1883, he was appointed Deputy SherifF, and is at present in the discharge of his duties. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., Paragon Lodge, No. 406. He is a member of the Christian Church, his wife of the Methodist Church. Politically, he is a Republican. WILLIAM B. BAKER, born October 22, 1834, in Van Buren Town- ship, Monroe Co., Ind., is the second son and the sixth child of Absalom and Harriet (Gentry) Baker. He was reared in his native township, where he acquired the rudiments of a good education in the district schools. When twenty years of age, he purchased a farm of eighty acres in the same township, continuing for about eight years. In September, 1865, he Sold his farm, and removing to Stanford he opened a general merchandise store, under the firm name of Baker Bros., which was con- tinued until in 1872, when they sold out, one year later re-purchasing the same stock. In July, 1881, he moved to Bloomington. He has been County Commissioner for three years, which position he fills with credit. August 6, 1883, he formed a partnership with C. S. Neeld in the furni- ture business, and they are at present doing a lucrative business under the firm name of Baker & Neeld. He served as Postmaster at Stanford for several years, and as Township Assessor for two years. He was mar- ried October 5, 1857, to Harriet R. Denny, daughter of James H. Denny, a citizen of Warrick County, Ind. By this union there were four chil- dren, three of whom are living — Florence G., Mary H. and Thomas A. His wife died November 10, 1865, and he was next married, on Septem- ber 27, 1866, to Miss Hannah Yoho, daughter of Samuel Yoho, at present a citizen of Indian Creek Township, this county. By this union there has been one child — Birdie O. Mrs. Baker is a member of the Baptist Church. Politically, he is a Republican, and a very prominent and in- fluential member of that party. JOHN BLAIR, farmer, was born in Lincoln County, Tenn., on July ' 15, 1819. James Blair, his father, was born in South Carolina October 25, 1789, and on October 3, 1811, married Jane (Neill) Smith, who was born in South Carolina in 1780. They came to Monroe County, sfnd here he farmed until his death, March 26, 1849. Mrs. Blair died April 5, 1854. They had six children. John Blair's paternal grandfather was a soldier of the Revolution. John was fairly educated, and since 1825 has resided on the same farm. On October 28, 1843, Mr. Blair married Hannah, daughter of Robert and Martha (Small) Fullerton. She was born May 17, 1819. In 1837, her father died, and her mother in 1872. They were of Irish lineage. Mr. Blair has six children — Martha J. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 553 (Owens), Euphemia (Crabb), James N., Emma (Strong), William S. and Addie L. Mr. and Mrs. Blair belong to the United Presbyterian Church, and are respected by all who know them. Mr. Blair was at one time a "Whig, but now votes with the Eepublicans. W. T. BLAIR, bom May 1, 1855, in Bloomington, Monroe Co., Ind., is the third son and sixth child born to John and Hannah (Fullerton) Blair, natives of Tennessee and Ireland respectively. The parents came to Monroe County in May, 1825, and located on a farm in Bloomington Township, where they at present reside. The subject of this sketch ob- tained the rudiments of a good English education in the district schools. In September, 1876, he entered the State University at Bloomington, whence he graduated in June, 1880. After he had completed his educa- tion, he entered the employ of W. J. Allen, a hardware merchant, with whom he remained for three years. On March 31, 1883, he purchased the stock of boots and shoes owned by C. R. Perdue, and is at present doing a lucrative business. He was married October 5, 1882, to Miss Julia A. Waldron, daughter of John and Ann Waldron, old and respected pioneers of Monroe County. They have one child, William J., born July 9, 1883. They are members of the United Presbyterian Church. Politically, he is a Republican. PETER BOLENBACHER, farmer, was born in Germany May 4, 1814, and is the son of Peter and Margaret (Fairrence) Bolenbacher, natives of Germany. They came to America in 1832, located first in Maryland, and about 1850 came to Monroe County, where they died, at the ages re- spectively of eighty-nine and seventy- eight years. Peter Bolenbacher came to Maryland with his parents, and there learned the trade of stone- mason and bricklayer, which business he followed for a number of years in that State, and resumed it again after he came to Monroe County. After some years, he was obliged to retire from active business. He then settled on eighty acres of land, which he purchased near Bloomington. He is a member of the Christian Church, a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and liberal in politics. Mr. Bolenbacher is strictly temperate in all his habits. In 1855, he married Rebecca Whisnand, who was born in 1815, and is a member of the Methodist Church. GEORGE BOLLENBACHER was born in Bavaria, Germany, June 17, 1825. He is the third son in a family of six children born to Peter and Margaret (Fairrence) Bollenbacher. In 1832, he came with his parents to America, and located in Maryland In the public schools of his native village, and the schools of his neighborhood in Maryland, he obtained the rudiments of a good English education. When thirteen years of age, he began learning shoe-making with J. B. Sherer, in Fred- ericktown, Md., and remained with him seven years. In April, 1846, he came to Bloomington, Ind, and soon after opened a shoe shop. In 1859, he built a tannery, vrhich at that time was one of the most extensive bus- iness interests in Bloomington. In 1874, he quit shoe-making, and pur- chased a one- third interest with J. H. Ryors and George P. Bollenbacher in their spoke factory. In 1881, J. H. Ryors sold his interest to them, and the business is in a flourishing condition under the firm name of Bollenbacher & Sons, manufacturers of wagon and carriage spokes and dealers in hardwood lumber. They have branch factories at Gosport and Guthrie, Ind. , and employ about eighty men. They have a capital of about $60,000 invested, and their factories have a capacity of about 13,000 spokes per day. Mr. B. is also the proprietor of a large shoe 554 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: store in Bloomington. In 1848, he was married to Margaret Shawver, daughter of Christopher Shawver, one of the earliest settlers in Monroe County. The issue of this marriage has been thirteen children, twelve yet living— Lizzie, George W., Mary, Kate, Julia, Martin C, William P., Caroline, Sallie, Samuel N., Jacob I. and Fannie. He is a member of the Bloomington Lodge, A., F. & A. M., and of the Lutheran Church. Politically, he is a Democrat. JOHN E. BOELAND was born in Perry Township, Monroe Co., Ind., on August 7, 1834. His parents, Edward and Margaret (Caldwell) Borland, natives of Washington County, Penn., immigrated to Indiana in 1819, and settled in Bloomington, where the father followed the carpenter's trade for about five years, and then entered a farm of 320 acres in Perry Township. February 8, 1865, he died. The mother's . death occurred in August, 1877. The subject of this sketch was the third son and sixth child in a family of ten children, and was reared in his native county, where he received a good education. When eighteen years of age, he entered the State University, at Bloomington", remaining a portion of each of four years. In 1856, he began farming for himself in Perry Township, and by perseverance and industry has secured a com- petence. September 4, 1872, he married Emma L. McClellan, daughter of Alexander McClellan, an early settler, and a prominent citizen of Bloomington. His wife is an active worker in the Presbyterian Church. He was for two years Trustee of Perry Township, and for six years Eoad Supervisor of Perry Township. S. WALTEE BEADFUTE is second son in family, and was born May 18, 1862, near Xenia, Greene Co. , Ohio, where he lived until twelve years of age, and was there educated. His parents were John and Maggie J. (Collins) Bradfute, the former dying in 1864. When fourteen years of age, he started the Bloomington Telephone, in partnership with Prank G. Arnott, and six months later purchased his partner's half interest, and has continued to run it up to the present writing, having enlarged from the size of note paper to that of six-column quarto. He attended the high school in Bloomington, as far as Senior class, the last four years of which time he was conducting his paper. Since fifteen years of age, he has corresponded for the Cincinnati Commercial- Gazette, and is at present also representing the Indianapolis Journal, St. Louis Democrat, Chicago Tribune, the Inter Ocean, Indianapolis Times and the Louisville Com- mercial, in Monroe County. He is a member of the United Presbyterian Church, and is corresponding member of the Phi Delta Theta. Politic- ally, he is a Eepublican. He was married, November 1, 1883, to Flora Wallingford, daughter of Samuel Wallingford. EEV. JEFFEESON E. BEANT was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, February 27, 1887, and is the second child born to Seth and Eachel (Jackson^) Brant, natives of West Virginia. In 1853, he came to Owen County, Ind., and for two years afterward assisted his father to clear the wilderness. He theri earned enough money to enter Asbury University, at Greencastle, whence he graduated in 1860, having two years previously preached his first sermon. In 1860, he was appointed by the Indiana Conference to a mission in Clay County, for one year, afterward serving for about ten months near Terre Haute. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company E, Eighty-fifth Indiana Volunteers, and was commissioned Captain one year later. He took part in several im- portant encounters, among which were Eesaca, Kingston, Marietta, BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 555 Dallas Woods, et.c, and was in command of the regiment when Atlanta was captured. On September 1, 1864, he was, for meritorious conduct, promoted to Major, afterward participating in the engagements at Ben- tonville. Goldsboro and Averysboro, and at Savannah was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel, January 1, 1865. Five months later, he was mustered out of service, immediately re-entering the conference and ministry. He has been actively engaged since, and at present has in charge the Meth- odist Episcopal Church at Bloom ington, where he has been located since September, 1882. On August 8, 1858, he was married to Mary A. Mc- Allister, daughter of Dr. McAllister, of Owen County. By this union there are nine children, four of whom are living — Anna, Emma, Claude and Arthur. Eev. J. E. Brant is a member of the A., F. & A. M, the L 0. O. f. and of the G. A. E. Politically, he is a Republican. DR. G. "W. BEYAN, second son of John and Mary (MoCormick) Bryan, was born October 1, 1825, in Beaver County, Penn., where be lived until fifteen years of age. His educational facilities were very poor, but by perseverance and studiousness he acquired a good English educa- tion. He commenced the tailor's trade with a half-brother, who died two years later. He then went to Clinton, Allegheny County, and com- pleted the trade with George T. Hice, remaining three years. He then worked as journeyman for about one year in Pennsylvania and Ohio; then came to Indiana, and opened a shop in Carroll County, continuing about two years. Returning to Beaver County, Penn., he attended an academy at Hookstown for about three years; then taught school and studied medicine with Dr. E. A. Moon, for two years. In 1850 and 1851, he attended a course of lectures, at Cleveland, in the Western Eeserve Medical College, and entered the regular practice in Fayette, Allegheny Co., Penn., where he remained for two years, at which he took a second course of lectures at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1853 and 1854; then went to Knoxville, Jefferson Co. , Ohio, and formed a partnership with Dr. Ham- ilton, in the regular practice, continuing with him for one year. Coming thence to Bloomington in 1855, he entered practice here, and is at pres- ent doing a good business, and is considered oneof her best practitioners. In December, 1862, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the Sixty- seventh Indiana Volunteers, which position he was compelled to resign on account of ill health. On October 15, 1849, he was married to Miss Alice Calhoun, daughter of Joseph Calhoun, of Beaver County, Penn. They have had seven children, three of whom are living — Florence, Mary and Minnie. Dr. Bryan is a member of the United Presbyterian Church, and he is politically a Eepublican. JOHN B. BUSKIEK, a native of Kentucky, was born September 5, 181^, in Shelby County. He is eldest son of Abram and Mary A )j;('>rH, iliiil),'liliM' ol' .llunoK Iliinoi'M, It (M(i/on of Moiinm (l.iiiiih. 'I'liov liM I, O. O. |i'. iinil of Uio I. (>. It. M. ri>Hli(Mi.ll,v, liK Ihh lt.»|iiililliwui. iliiiiMiiir mill Wifn MI'O IllOlulinl'H III' t.hll (IIiI'IhUuII Cillll'I'll, llMll Mill IIhIiIvO WlH'lllH'M III ilK Hll|l|>(ll I.. HA Mil 111 |j M, OIK 11 1 A III), II iiiiiiviM.I' IIimii'Imiii (1i)mil.,y, Ky., whn linni Aii^iihI. 11, ISOli. lilt in Mm Hoooiiil HUM mill I'mii'Mi (diilii in u fmiilly uf olnvi'ii cliiiilroii, mill wiiH rom'inl lunl i>iliiimii>il In IiIh imliivn |iliMin, iinl.ll liiv wiiM Hixtonii yiiiirM 111' M|,'o, IliH imronlH, JHimii miil IVlmx"i'.y (Mil.nlioll) Oriiiiiinl, imiiii* in \ViiHliiiif,'l.i>n Iliiiint.v, Iml.iii IHIU, miil |iiinilmMiH, wlmni iliiiy I'luiminnil until l.linir iIiwiUim, 'I'lin Miilijiml, nf l.liiH HJiiiUili mill IiIh Iii'iiI'Iioi' .IiiIiii Uiitn omiiK l.ii Itliiiiniin^tiin miil hUii'I.ihI II wiiiil oiinliii^' niiiiiliiiin on lilm lol wliorn llin " Oriilwiril lliiiiMii" niiw hI-iuiiIm, wliioii Mio.v niii I'mni IS'.UI In IHHH, wlmn Miny miiIiI mil.. Mimn wliilii, in IH'.id, limy Mlnrtoil in llm nimiiiriiotiirn iil' liiiHOKil nil, nf wliii'li timy iniiiln i|nil.ii II MllodOMW. 'i'nn ynni'M liilior, IJmy HUirl.nil ll mI.ii^'h linn ri'iiin lnilimm|iiiliH U> Ihmivkiiwiii'Mi, miil mm I'rmn Now Orlnmiii l.ii liolliH villo. 'I'liny hIhi) liml n lilimliMiiiiUi hIiii|i in Kliimnin^Lmi. 'i'lmy Imill. ilm (ilil " 'roiii|iiM'mino lliitnl " mi ( liilliij^ii iiviMiim. In IMII/, Llm hiiIiJkmI, liii^riui lititnlmi'iii;.;, miil in niinnnnUmi wilili llU nimiy iiMmi' iinl>iir|ii'iiHiiM iimil.inimil iilimil, rwnlvn ynlirM, 'I'lm liWo lii'iitlmi'M l.lmii I in ill, l.lm " Oniliiii'd llmiHo," wliinli I'lm iiiilijonl, |iili'(iliiiHitil in ISriTi; Im liiM iiiimn liiioil II.n |ii'ii|ii'iiilni', lull, l,lm liiilol ill III, ,|ii'iviiinl. Mimiii|{nil liy IiIh nmi, I. H, Oi'iilim'il. Mr. Oi'iiliiu'il (iwiiH Mi\l,y imu'ivi nl' ^iiiiil I'lU'iii liuiil mnl iimiHiilni'iililn iill.y |ii'o|inrl,y, Mil wiiH iiimrioil in ISIIO l,ii MiirUm (1. Mnl'lmiil,iirH, ilminlilnr III' JmimH M limn wmil, l.n Nnw Allimiy, wimrii IiIm piiraiiU liitil rnninviiil 11 nlim'l, limn |iriiviniiMly, itnil iinliirinl Mm |iiililii'. hiiIioiiIh, in wliinli Im I'linUiiimil fur l,wii ynui'ii, 'I'lm rnllnwini^' ynm', Im wilH clnrli mi l,lm Hliomimr Wlilimn ItiiinI, mi Um Oliin Kivi'i', mill Umii l,mi|^lil, HnlinnI in WiiHlii iip;l,mi \\NSinr ANIMMTY, A87 HsnTiotl, of \V!«»l\i\\>jton ^^^\u\t_v, Iwvl Thov hi\>l livi> o\uUhvn. His wito tiiovl 0s uiMvrioil in .hii><> tS(\iS, to Ifhunm Iviurt'. vl)Ui^l\)oi'of \\ iHiiuu Kiujv, of Moon^o Oom>(v, 'riu\v h!vv<> ni\ ol\ilM\ KhuiM' K. , Man 1 . i\>r!\ H , Nv>M<' \., !\i\ii Iwi^ infunts. H<> in i> >u K. of U . t\n>l ^^f tho Moth v\>lir«( i'hmvh. rolitioxUv. ho \» ,■« Ko)niMi>'!iu. MA.I. UKNKV K, PK.KKY \V!>s bv>n\ .Ijxman 10, 1S:!(. in South 'rho«v\rt!»tvM\, Mo. Uo is stvotul in !» faiwilv of fonr ohiUlnM* born (o.l(«»b wul M!»"vM ^Hn(hM-) I'om, nt\livosv\f M;\ino. mwX wsvs VH^mnl \\\ his nnlivo hvMwo \tntU t\w>vo vonrs (if !>jj-<> \\ hon >ji»ito v>>iu\jj;, onr snhjivl Uvst his f«(l\or; his n\othoi- (hon nivwovi to StUoni. Thoro l\o vVMitinnod stuilios «hN>!»l o!aso>1 thon\ »( U\u'ks|>\>i't, Ho t»fIor\v;n\l tinijjht !»oho^^l Uw \>no ,vxv!n', atul \v;>s !»ppv>ii\(on\((v l\vstin;(stor nt l\oi'kl;u\vl. ^^o , >or\ <<>>;■ ^^^• th(\v yi^u'W with ^'O*;*! oroitit to himsolf. Ho (hon MOtoil «!« (\*U(ov v\M\n>!n\\ (l\o)v, h\ (\''{oh^^\\ ISoo. ho \\on( (v> Oh\v\ «n\i (!u>^ht for «on\o (in\o in Hourv «.\vnnt_\. In tho fall of iSoiV lvoMM»to(Hsi (ho Mivliv';\l Oo(vnMn>ont nt Awn Arhor, Mioh,, fuul v>no _vo;»v Utw" ortino (<> MvnMw^ v'ovinty. In^l,, (anjjUf tho K.llo((>svillo sohool, anvl »(^tor\\!n\l »M»jj«j»T'>>l in (ho saw mill )«n>l hnnlvn' (ra>lo thoro, Ho was wnto a,fj<'>n( vMv ()\o 1>. ,v, M K, 1\ f^^r mow than ono yt^ar. \\hoi\ ho on li^(liana Vohn\(i>o<"s, nn^ior v\»i>t. tV K W^rry ; Mn\o fv^llv^\vinlv on);'ajjvn\o(»(.-- rorrvviUo taftor whioh ho was j\<\Mnv>tod to StH>M\il I, ion h»n!»n(K 8(ono luxor, HvvniM-'s t)a|\ ».'hu>kai\\an>ia. Uivsaoa, !«■>«( Monn( liiUt Konosaw M»>»ut«\n, Atlanta an>l .lv>nivsl'HM\> whon> ho was sho( th\Mn,>;h (ho l\r(^'\s(. wul lay on (ho tioKl all nijjht. Ho tiually \\h\>vo>\h1 s\>rti>M«>n(l\ t\> Im> »vnuN\0(l (o l'Uo((s\ilUv Ho had. provions (o (his, in Jnntv IS(V\ Ivvn ^n^^ln^^(^^^ to First l.ionlonant, twd v\no ;' in tho l\>\spi(al, hi> M-, f<\r n\or\(v\riv^ns ivwuinol, an,! in Kobrnary . lSii,'\ho was vlisoharjjxHl on a>\sn\n( o( ,hsabili(\. Ono \ivn- la(or. ho vNi^vnivi a stono ,^narry mvw Kllottjkxim n^^w k)\vnvt\ iW " IVrry Utws ' St>vnn Srof tho vvinnty Ho is « n»on»lvM'of tho A , l\ ,\. A. M.. KllottsxilU* IavIjJis Nv^ i«> Ho was n\arri<>vl v>n >hu\o Uv ISTl, to M. l.oniso IVnnijj, a vlaujjh hMTof K.'ivs w\\l Manah IVunvjj, »Hvsi\,vi?onsof Uhxontinijton, Thoy l\a\A> fv^nv oh)Ul<\M» A,lola>,b> V,, Allvnta M . Osv'ar »nvl Or\ii Hiswjfo \s « \non>N\r ,>f tho IVwby torian iM»\»>lo in(lnon(ial, KKV AMKN U IMiU.n T W IvM-n in H,vUvM\UVnn(\. Tonn , on Max (V IS>(V is tU«x !en mut Fli^alvth ^U Tlulpntt, \>!<(i\>vs ,\f VonnivssiHx Ho was itvvxwl ,■«n^^ <\luoat<\l it\ ron)\,\.vs \mtil (w^^Ko \\vu"s of «^gi[>s xxbon Uo C'HWO with hvs }v>nMUs t,x Huli.-^na, anil sot U^\ n\ \\ ashiUijtvxn i\xnn(y In IST'.". ho was oonvorik<>t\ into (Uo <(>)km\th *( «,\-»u>plvUsb\»r}j, ItvJ,, ,snvl thiw \\\a>-s la( Mn-s-,;\, >jva,b>atuvj; fonr \xvu^ htxx»\ In 1S,"S. ho w»» ;)J^^\^int^\^ pastor of tho v'hr>st)an I'Unwh n> rvl,\Mniniit,>n, stul )s at pi>\sont in tho faith t»\l »^soh,-4<>^Mxf hi* ,b>t\,v^(\J »t \U<\Mnin>j''>''<^- *Wx< still hasthst |vv«uivxn. slsix sovxinj;- as r>v-->vstian Snn.iay Sv'b>vl Ass,\Matu>n (.>n Sop UM«K\r 'iJ^, 1SS\\ W was mavvnsl to Ann* MaxwoU, daujjhtor of \"'v 588 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: James D. Maxwell, of Bloomingtou. They have one child, Louise B., born in June, 1881. He is a Kepublioan, politically. JEREMIAH F. PITTMAN, second son and sixth child of Harrison and Jane (Sands) Pittman, natives of Indiana, was bom March 12, 1842, in Orange County, Ind. The father died in 1879. The mother died in 1849. The subject of this sketch was reared in Orange County, where he received a common education, and, when fourteen years of age went to school in Leavenworth, Crawford County, Ind. , for one year, return- ing thence to Orange County, where he then entered the high schools at Paoli. In the fall of 1861, he began teaching school, but resigned his position, and enlisted in November, 1861, in Company F, Fiftieth Indi- ana Volunteers, under Col. Dunham. Serving for more than three years, he took part in the following engagements: Munfordville, Parker's Cross Roads, Little Rock, Saline River and Camden. He was mustered out of service on January 5, 1865, and, returning home, he was elected County Recorder in the following fall. He served for three years, mean- while reading law, and at the end of that time he resigned his position to enter the regular practice in Bloomingtou, Monroe County. During the winter of 1867-68, he attended law school at Bloomington, whence he graduated in June, 1868. Four years later, he was appointed Prose- cuting Attorney of the Tenth District, and served one year. He is at present engaged in practice with Maj. Mulky. In 1881, he was appointed Commissioner of the Monroe County Circuit Court, and is at present occupying that position. October 15, 1868, he was married to Miss Sarah E. Williamson, daughter of Judge A. J. Simpson, of Orange County. They have had three children, two of whom are living — Jose- phine E. and Richard H. Mr. Pittman is a member of the K. of P., and he is Dictator in the K. of H. In politics he is a Democrat. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church. BENJAMIN ROGERS (deceased) was born near Maysville, Ky., October 24, 1795, and was the son of Henry and Sarah (Jenkins) Rogers, natives of Pennsylvania and of English and Welsh extraction. In about 18 16, they came to Monroe County from Jackson County, Ind., and resided here until their death. Benjamin married, in Jackson County, Ind. , March 4, 1819, Elizabeth, daughter of Ephraim and Mary E. (Red- mond) Arnold, natives of Maryland. Mrs. Rogers was born in Louis- ville, Ky. , December 9, 1798. Mr. Rogers came to Monroe County in February, 1825, and settled on a farm in Bloomington Township. He was very industrious, and much respected in the community of which he was an honored member. He departed this life March 12, 1870, his wife having preceded him on February 6, 1865. To Mr. Rogers' marriage were born nine children — Mary E., Maria L., Ephraim H. (deceased), Frances M. (deceased), Nancy A. (deceased), Sarah, Benjamin F. (de- ceased), William A., and one died in infancy unnamed. WILLIAM A. ROGERS was born in Bloomington Township, Mon- roe County, Ind., June 19, 1843, and is a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Arnold) Rogers. Until he was twenty-four years of age, he lived on the home farm, when he moved to Perry Township, where he lived for a number of years, but, having a desire to live near the place of his birth, he returned to Bloomington Township, and purchased seventy-five acres of land adjoining the old homestead, where he has since resided. Besides this farm in Bloomington Township, he owns 203 acres in Perry. March 14, 1867, he married Eliza, daughter of Alexander and Jane (Hemphill) BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 589 Henry. Mr. Henry was a native of Ireland, born February 15, 1804, and came to this county in 1835, and in 1841, he married, his wife being Mrs. McCaw, who was born in South Carolina April 3, 1807, and came to this county in 1833. She now resides with her daughter, Mrs. Rogers, her husband having died December 4, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers are the parents of four children — Henry A., Ray R., B. Frank and Levi (deceased). Mrs. R. is a member of the United Presbyterian Church. Politically, Mr. R. is a Democrat. WILLIAM K. ROGERS, farmer, was born in Jackson County, Ind. , October 30, 1820. His father, James Rogers, was born near Philadel- phia, Penn. , in 1789. He was a farmer, and came to Indiana before the war of 1812, settling in Clarke County. Mr. Rogers was a soldier of that war. While he and a Mr. Beanblossom were in pursuit of some In- dian horse-thieves, they came to a creek, which they named Beanblossom, which name it now bears. His wife, Susana Kindle, was born in Butler County, Ohio, in 1796, and died in 1871, her husband having " gone be- fore " in 1864, both in the communion of the Christi-an Church. Will- iam K. married, at his majority, Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Butcher) Boruff, Tennesseans, and members of the Christian Church. They died in this county. Sarah (Boruffj Rogers\ was born on August 25, 1821. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers are parents of eleven children — Henry B. (deceased), Mary E. (Day), Susana (Griffin), James L., Jennie E. (Myers), Mrs. William Patton (deceased), Samuel B., William P., John A. (deceased), George S. (deceased), and Nannie A. He and wife belong to the Christian Church, and he is a Republican in politics. WILLIAM P. ROGERS was born March 3, 1857, in Brown County, Ind. He is the fourth son and eighth child of William K. and Sarah (Boruff) Rogers, both natives of Monroe and Jackson Counties, Ind., re- spectively. They were married in December, 1841, in Monroe County, by the Rev. James Mathes, and located on a farm, where they remained for five years. They then removed ta Brown County, and faimed until 1875, returning thpnce to Monroe County, where they have since resided. The subject of this sketch was reared in Washington Township, Brown County, where he attended school until sixteen years of age, when he en- tered the high school in Bloomington, Monroe County, remaining two years. During 1875-76, he taught school in Brown County, being com- pelled to make his own way. In September, 1876, he entered the State University, remaining three years, and then began reading law with Bus- kirk & Duncan. In September, 1879, he formed a partnership with E. E. Sadler, in the regular practice, and continued for about one year in Bloomington, after which he remained alone until the fall of 1881, when he went into partnership with J. E. Henley. They have a lucrative practice. Mr. Rogers was married in Bloomington, on March 30, 1883, to E, Belle Clark, daughter of William A. Clark, a prominent and re- spected citizen of Monroe County. They have one child — Ethel B. In 1881, Mr. Rogers was elected City Treasurer, and was re-elected in 1883, and is in the faithful discharge of the duties of this office. Both he and his wife are prominent members of the Christian Church. JAMES M. ROGERS, farmer, was born in Bloomington, Monroe County, Ind., May 2, 1822, and is the son of David and Catharine (Will- iams) Rogers, natives of Pennsylvania and Maryland. They came from Ohio to Jackson County, Ind. , on account of Indians, and there lived in a fort for some time. In 1816, Mr. David Rogers came to a farm on the 590 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: site of which Bloomington now stands, and with Jonathan Bogers en- tered land. David Bogers died in this county, a member of the Ohris- tinn Church. James M. Bogers has been a farmer jn this county all his life. At the age of twenty-six, he began life for himself, and in 1848 married Bebecca Pullen, who was born in 1822, and died on May 22, 1870. She had five children, all living— Edward M., Annie F., Lillie C, Addie W. and Bichard L. Mr. Bogers has filled the office of Justice of the Peace, and a number of minor offices, and is a much respected cit- izen, and a Eepublican. I. MILTON EOGEBS was born in Perry Township, Monroe County, on September 1, 1830. He is the eighth child born to Aquilla and Bebecca (Bogers) Bogers, natives of Virginia. His parents came to Monroe Coun- ty, Ind., in 1818, and located on a farm in Perry Township, where they lived for twenty-four years, when the father was elected Probate Judge, and served until 1848, residing in Bloomington. He then returned to his farm, where in August, 1849, he died. The subject of this sketch was reared on the old home farm until twelve years of age. Then hs came to Bloomington with his parents and completed his education, which he had begun in the country schools. When seventeen years of age, he went to Gosport and was employed by W. A. Montgomery, a tailor, with whom he remained for thirteen months. He then clerked for five years for another merchant there. He afterward served for two years as book-keeper for William Alexander, and then went to Minnesota, remaining for three and a half years. Beturning thence to Blooming- ton, he was engaged as clerk in a dry goods store for some time. He was in a grocery for one year, and was then appointed Deputy Post- master and served for three years. In 1869, he was appointed Deputy Treasurer of Monroe County, serving three years. He was then elected Treasurer of Monroe County, on the Bepublican ticket, and in 1873 was re-elected. After the expiration of this term of office, he was again ap- pointed Deputy Treasurer, and served for four years. In 1878, he again embarked in the grocery business, continuing for one year. In Septem- ber, 1883, he was appointed Deputy Treasurer under Isaac Claman, and is at present so engaged. He is also engaged in farming 190 acres of Monroe County's best. land. Oq October ll, 1853, he was married to Emily Smith, a daughter of John C. Smith, a citizen of Clark County. They have had nine children. Mr. Bogers has been a member of the Christian Church for thirty-three years and is a prominent and influen- tial citizen. N. B. BOGEBS, born in Salt Creek Township, Monroe County, lad., on April 23, 1842, is the eldest son and child of Aquilla and Mary E. (Bogers) Bogers, and was reared in his native township until five years of age, when his parents removed to a farm in Perry Township, where for three years he attended the district schools of the neighborhood. He then entered the Preparatory Department of the State University, contin- uing for about six years. On September 23, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany G, Second Indiana Cavalry. He served for three years and took part in the following engagements: Shiloh, Perry ville, Chiokamauga, Gallatin; and at Hartsville, Tenn., he was captured but soon after paroled, and in about six weeks was exchanged, joining his company awain. He then took active part in the battle of Mossy Creek, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek and Cartersville, and on October 7, 1864, he received an honorable discharge. Beturning to Monroe County, he acted as Deputy Sheriff BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 591 for two years. He then removed to Lucas County, Iowa, and farmed until 1874, when he again came to Bloomington, and engaged in the fur- niture business, continuing for one year. He was in the grocery busi- ness for two years, and in March, 1877, purchased the livery stable which he at present successfully runs. He was married, December 25, 1866, to Esther E. Henry, a daughter of Alexander Henry, of Monroe County. They have one child— Lelia E. His wife died on March 23, 1877. Mr. Eogers is a member of the A., F. & A. M., and of the G. A. E., and is a Democrat. LEONIDAS D. ROGERS is a native of Indiana, born May 21, 1858, in Perry Township, Monroe County, and was peared on the old home farm. He is the fourti son and eighth child in a family of nine chil- dren born to Aquilla and Mary E. (Rogers) Rogers. He was educated in the district schools until fourteen years of age, when he entered the State University at Bloomington, graduating thence six years later with honors. On July 1, 1879, he entered the Eastman Business College at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. , where he graduated on December 10, 1879. He has taught four terms of school in Brown and Monroe Counties. On January 1, 1883, he became agent for the Home Fire Insurance Com- pany of New York, Standard of London, National of Hartford, and the Old New York Life. He is quite successful in the business, and is one of Bloomington's most enterprising young men. He is a member of the L 0. R. M., Arizona Tribe, No. 56; Secretary of the A., F. & A.. M. ; Sec- retary of the I. O. O. F., and is also D D. G. M. of Herndon Encamp- ment, I. O. O. F. Politically, he is a Democrat. JAMES RYAN, born in Greene County, Ind., January 1, 1847, is the third son of David and Mary (Payton) Ryan. He came to Monroe County with his parents when but one year of age; here he grew up to manhood, and although opportunities for education were very poor, by energy and industry he acquired a good, practical business education, and is a successful financier. When twelve years of age, he began learn- ing the blacksmith trade, and served an apprenticeship of over two years, at which time he went to Indianapolis and worked at his trade for more than a year. Returning to Bloomington, he was in the employ of the L., N. A. & C. R. R., working in various capacities for more than three years; then, resuming his trade, followed it in Bloomington for four years. He then opened a blacksmith shop, which he worked in for some time; sold out; built on College avenue; sold out again, and finally re- purchased and resumed business for three years. In 1876, he became partner of William A. Clark, and one year later went to Greencastle, do- ing job work for a short time. Returning to Bloomington, he was a partner in the firm of Ryan & De Vault for one year, and in August, 1881, purchased the half interest, and now does a good business in gen- eral blacksmithing and manufacturing wagons, buggies and phaetons. He is industrious, energetic, and a liberal citizen, highly respected in his community. J. H. RYORS, third son and fourth child in a family of five children bom to Alfred and Louisa (Walker) Ryors, was born March 10, 1849, in Athens County, Ohio. He was reared in Athens County until seven years of age, moving thence to Kentucky, and later on coming to Mon- roe County, Ind. , with his mother, his father having died in Kentucky. In 1864, he entered the State University, remaining for four years; then entered the employ of Joseph Howe, a dry goods ^merchant, with whom 592 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: he continued for two years. He then worked as dry goods clerk in Lo- gansport for eighteen months. Returning thence to Bloomington, he again was with Joseph Howe until 1874, whea he formed a partnership with Eugene Turner in the manufacture of spokes, hubs and wagon stock. In 1875, G. W. Bollenbacher purchased a third interest, and it was continued for six months under the firm name of Ryors, Turner & Co. In 1875, George Bollenbacher purchased Mr. Turner's interest, and six years later, he sold to Bollenbacher, Mr. Eyors organizing the firm of J. H. Ryors & Co., manufacturers of hubs, spokes and wagon stocks, which firm is in a flourishing condition, doing a lucrative business; averaging per year 2,444,000 spokes and 94,000 hubs. They have in their employ constantly seventy-five good workmen. Mr. Ryors is a DeinoBrat, and has been a member of the Odd Fellows fraternity for some years. He was married on May 13, 1874, to Miss Emma Brown, daughter of Will- iam Brown, a citizen of Logansport, Ind. They have three children — Ida B., Warren B. and Graham. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and among its most active workers. He is a liberal citizen, and is highly respected in the community. JOHN SANDERS (deceased), father of L. M. Sanders (the worthy proprietor of the "National House "Bloomington Ind.), was born October 11, 1792, near Charleston, S. C, and was of English extraction. His father was a soldier in the war of 1776, and was captured by the Tories, while out hunting supplies. He, with several comrades, were given choice between allegiance to the King and being shot. Choosing the lat- ter, they were confined in prison, and he with a comrade escaped, while the sentinel slept at night. The subject of this sketch was one of a fam- ily of thirteen children, and when quite small removed with his parents to Virginia, where he grew to manhood. In 1810, he was married to Nancy Briscoe, of East Tennessee, and shortly afterward they moved to Knox County Ky. , where he engaged in farming until 1814; at which time he came to Indiana, locating in Orange County. A few years later they went to Bartholomew County, and in the spring of 1822, came to Mon- roe Cofinty, locating in Richland Township, on 240 acres of forest land, where he erected a rude log cabin, with no assistance but that of his wife They struggled on year after year, until they had finally cleared 640 acres of good land and added all necessary improvements. Mr. Sanders was a Whig and had filled some of the minor offices. He and wife were members of the Baptist Church. He died in 1847, in' the fifty- fifth year of his life. His wife died in 1876, when seventy-four years of age. FRANCIS L. SARE was born May 13, 1851, in Monroe County, Ind. He is the sixth son and tenth child of Lucian B. and Jane (Car- michael) Sare, natives of Indiana and North Carolina, respectively. They were married in Monroe County, and settled on a farm in Indian Creek Township, where they at present reside. The subject of this sketch was reared on the old home farm, where he obtained the rudiments of a good English education in the district schools. When twenty years of age he began to teach school, in Clear Creek Township. He continued for about three years, teaching in the winters and trading in stock during the summer. He then engaged in the lumber and mill business in. Greene County, and he has since operated in Greene, Lawrence and Monroe Counties. He is at present successfully engaged as proprietor of two flourishing saw mills, one in Monroe and the other in Brown County. Mr. Sare is a prominent and an active member of the Democratic party. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 593 He is a liberal citizen, ever ready and willing to assist in any public un- dertaking. He is quite successful as a business man, and respected by all who know him. F. M. SHARP, born in EUettsville, Monroe County, March 20, 1851, is eldest son of George W. and Agnes (Ashbrook) Sharp, and was reared in his native place, and educated in the public schools there, obtaining the knowledge of all the branches necessary to a biisiness man. When fourteen years of age, he went West, and remained for five years, work- ing at various things, and then returned to EUettsville, working for six years in the stone quarries of that place. Going thence to Indianapolis, he entered the employ of Graney Bros, as bar-tender, continuing for more than four years. He went thence to Vinoennes, and tended bar in the '"La Plant House" for ten months; then to Bloomington, and entered the employ of John E. Taylor, a grocer, with whom he re- mained for one year, and then went to EUettsville, where, opening a saloon of his own, he continued until September, 1883. Coming to Bloomington, he opened his present saloon, a neat, tasty, cozy place, where he enjoys a lucrative business. He was married, October 17, 1875, to Miss Lida Whaley, a native of EUettsville, To crown the happiness of their wedded life, three children have been born to them — Minnie, Earl and an infant. Mr. Sharp is a prominent member of the Republi- can party. His wife is an active member of the Presbyterian church. CAPT. J. W. SHOEMAKER was born on September 22, 1841, at La Porte, Ind. His parents, Daniel and Elizabeth (Keith) Shoemaker, natives of New York and Ohio, respectively, farmed in La Porte County for about twenty years ; the father died there January 6, 1856 ; the mother is still living there, sixty- three years of age. Capt. Shoemaker is the second son, and was reared on the old home farm in La Porte County, where he was educated. On July 27, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany E, Twenty- ninth Indiana Volunteers, and served for four years and seven months. He took part in the engagements at Pittsburg Landing, Price's Hill, Mo., Grand Gulf and the Wolf River campaign. In March, 1865, he was transferred into Gen. Hancock's corps, and sent to Washington, D. C, remaining until July, when he was put in charge of the "post" at Madison, Ind., remaining for four months. Thence he was sent to Indianapolis, and in March, 1866, received an honorable discharge. One month later he entered the State University, at Bloom- ington, where he continued for two years, after which he was in partner- ship with J. J. Durand for three years, and then purchased the entire business, which he ran for one year. He then had another partner for about four years, and was by himself for quite a while. His store was finally destroyed by fire, after which he became partner in a hardware store, and is so engaged at present, under the firm name of McPheeters & Shoemaker. On October 18, 1869, he was married to Edora Stuart, daughter of William Stuart, a citizen of Bloomington. They have four children — Frank, Frederick, Lynn and Helen. In May, 1883, he was elected to the City Council, and still has that position. Mr. Shoemaker is politically a Democrat. He is a member of the K. of P. and of the I. O. O. F. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. THE SHOWERS BROTHERS, bedstead manufacturers. James D. Showers is the eldest of seven children born to Charles C. and Elizabeth (Hull) Showers, natives of Pennsylvania. He was born in Adams County, Ind., on the 11th day of July, 1841, and when fifteen years of age came 594 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: to Bloomington with his parents. When but eleven years old, he began learning the cabinet and turning trade, with his father, and upon their removal to Bloomington, he continued in his father's shop Until Novem- ber 17, 1869. At this time he formed a partnership with his brother, William N. Showers, and purchased the business of Showers & Hen- dricks. April 29, 1878, Charles H., the youngest brother, was admitted to the firm, and in February of the following year they made a specialty of the manufacture of bedsteads. On the Slst day of January, 1866, he was married to Miss Belle Allen, daughter of Thomas Allen, a re- spected citizen of Greenville, Ohio. To crown the happiness of this union there have been born three children. Martha E. (died August 28, 1882), Charles T. and Maud A. Mr. S. is at present Past High Priest of the I. O. O. F. Lodge of Bloomington. He is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a stanch Republican. WILLIAM N. SHOWERS, a native of Ohio, was born in Knox County May 28, 1846. He is the second son and fourth child born to Charles C. and Elizabeth (Hull) Showers. He was brought by his par- ents to Bloomington when but ten years of age, immediately entering the public schools, where he obtained the rudiments of a good English education. When about sixteen years of age, he began learning the cabinet and turning trade with the firm of Showers & Hendricks. He remained in their employ until November 17, 1869, at which time he with his elder brother James purchased the business of Showers & Hen- dricks, and continued in the general manufacture of furniture and job- bing work until February, 1879, when they began making a specialty of the manufacture of bedsteads. December 30, 1867, he was married to Lida J. Hanlin, by whom there was born to him one child, Jennie. His wife dying February 22, 1868, he was next married, October 14, 1869, to Hannah L. Hendricks, daughter of J. H. Hendricks, of Putnam County. Two bright children have been born to bless this union — Nellie G. and Edward W. He has filled all the chairs in, the Blooming- ton Lodge, I. O. O. F. , and is at present serving as Past Grand in the subordinate lodge, and Past High Priest in the Encampment. Has also been Councilman for eight years, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. CHARLES H. SHOWERS, son of Charles C. and Elizabeth (Hull) Showers, was born in Bloomington, Ind., October 12, 1860. When eighteen years of age, he purchased a one third interest in the cabinet shops, with his brothers. On the 15th day of October, 1880, he was married to Miss Maud Coatney, the only daughter of Rufus Coatney, a prominent citizen of Bloomington. The issue of this union has been two interesting children— Earl H. and Beryl M. The present firm was engaged in the general manufacture of furniture until in February, 1879, when having completed extensive additions to their factory they em- barked in the special manufacture of bedsteads. For a time their busi- ness was conducted on a small scale, but it gradually increased until at present it has a capital invested of over $100,000, and employs 110 men. It has a capacity for making 1,350 bedsteads per week, and during the past year (1883) sold 36,450 different classes of bedsteads, at a cost of about 1125,000. It is undoubtedly the most extensive manufacturing enterprise in Bloomington, and the Showers Brothers deserve a great deal of credit for the success they have achieved. BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 595 CAPT. JOHN M. SLUSS (deceased) was born in Winchester, Ky. , November 28, 1807, and was the son of Adam and Mary (Spielman) Sluss, natives respectively of Maryland and Virginia, and of German ex- traction. At the age of seventeen, entered an apprenticeship at tailoring for three years; then worked one year as a journeyman. In 1829, he came tc Bloomington and opened a shop, which he operated until con- finement told upon his health, when he began .trading in stock, which he- continued until 1846, when he raised a company for the Mexican war, and was elected Captain. During his fifteen months' service, he con- tracted the illness which resulted in his death, February 25, 1879. In politics, he was a Whig, and was twice elected Sherifi of Monroe County, and once to the State Legislature. On the dissolution of the Whig party, he became a Democrat, was elected Justice of the Peace, and served until his retirement to his farm adjoining Bloomington, on which he died, aged seventy-one. He was married, lilay 8, 1828, to Miss Eliza Hunter, a native of Kentucky and bom August 27, 1808. To this union were born two sons and seven daughters, of whom the sons and five daughters, are still living. His widow is a_member of the Christian Church, jai which Capt. Sluss was also a member, as well as a member of the Masonic fraternity. WILLIAM STUAET was born January 10, 1816, in Washington County, Ind. , and is the son of William and Ann (Donley) Stuart, natives of Pennsylvania and North Carolina, respectively. The father died in Posey County, Ind., in 1845. The mother died July 5. 1865. The subject of this sketch is the second son and fifth child. There were very few advantages for an education, but by energy and industry, he acquired a knowledge of the English language, which has assisted him greatly in business affairs. He learned the trade of manufacturing farming imple- ments, and in 1838 opened a shop in his native county, where he was successfully engaged for three years. He then went to Salem, Ind., and continued to work at his trade until 1848, when his health failed, and he was not able to work for five years. He traveled around the country, selling goods from a wagon, for two years after he got well, and then went into the general merchandise business in Clear Spring, Jackson County, Ind. , for some time. He sold out, and went into business in Washington County; afterward in Salem, in the hardware business. In the fall of 1864, he came to Bloomington, and was in the hardware busi- ness here until the fall of 1883, since which time he has retired. On April 15, 1841, he was married to Melinda E. Holstine, daughter of George Holstine, a citizen of Tennessee. They have had six children — Clem E., Pamelia J., Helen, Cleopatra, Amanda E., Isaac W. (deceased). Mr. Stuart is a member of the Methodist Church, and politically he is a Kepublican. WILLIAM M. TATE was born in South Carolina March 29, 1818, and is the third son and fifth child of William and Margaret (Fee) Tate, natives of Ireland. They came to Monroe County, Ind., in 1830, and settled near Bloomington, where the father died on October 9, 1850. The mother died in August, 1857. The subject of this sketch came to Monro& County with his parents, and remained on the farm until 1848, when he began farming in Bloomington Township. In 1856, he entered the em- • ploy of a merchant, with whom he remained for three years, when he was disabled by sickness for one year. He again clerked until 1861, when he was appointed Postmaster, and served until May 15, 1865. One year 506 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. later, he was employed by merchanta of Bloomington, and stayed with them for two years. He was with another firm for about five years. In May, 1872, he went into the grocery business, and three years later en- tered the employ of W. O. Fee, a general merchandise merchant, con- tinuing with him one year and a half, and then began the meat market business with Joseph S. Payne. In 1878, he was elected Justice of the Peace, and was re-elected in 1882. He is also in the insurance business, and represents the Phoenix and Hartford Fire Insurance; Companies. He is a member of the A., F. & A. M., and is identified with the Methodist Church. Politically, he is a Republican. October 4, 1849, he married Elizabeth Bronning, daughter of William and Susan Bronning. They had one child — Martha J. (deceased). His wife dying August 2, 1874, he was married one yoar later to Hattie Payne, daughter of Thomas and Mary Payne, ql Bloomington. DR. HENRY P. TOURNER (deceased) was born at Waterford, Ire- land, January 1, 1811. His mother and father dying in his infancy, he was placed under the care of an uncle, who gave him every educa- tional advantage. When twenty-three year& of age, he went to Quebec; Canada, for one year, then to Chicago, and thence South. In 1840, ho prepared himself for the practice of medicine, which profession he fol- lowed in Northern Mississippi, Western Tennessee, Memphis, Nashville, Hopkinsville, Ky., and Bloomington. Ind., to which last place he came in 1858, and entered the regular practice and continued until his death, which occurred October 10, 1881. As a citizen, he always commanded the respect and confidence of the community. He was always charitable, and many poor and needy received of his beneficence. As a physician, he was faithful, skillful and successful. For twenty-three years, he was an oflice bearer in the Church of Christ, and an active and respected member of the Masonic fraternity. In 1851, he was married, near Mem- phis, Tenn.. to Frances A. Morgan, by whom there were eleven children, eight of whom are still living. Henry is at present a prominent jeweler of Bloomington, and is enjoying a lucrative business. Charles is tiie pro- prietor of one of the largest clothing stores, and does an extensive busi- ness in gents' furnishing goods. They are both good, moral young men, highly esteemed in the community. DR. JOHN P. TOURNER is the second son of Dr. Henry P., and Frances A. (Morgan) Tourner. He was born March 25, 1854, in Hop- kinsville, Ky., and was reared in Bloomington, Monroe Co., Ind., where he was educated. In 1873, he began the study of medicine with his father, and two years later he entered the Eclectic Medical College at Cincinnati, remaining one year. He then returned to Bloomington, and forming a partnership with his father in the regular practice, he con- tinued until October 10, 1881, when his father died. He continued to practice, taking his father's place, and at present is busily engaged in the many duties of his profession, having a lucrative practice. On May 1, 1876, he married Miss Amanda Buskirk, daughter of William H. Buskirk, a pioneer and respected citizen of Monroe County. Dr. Tourner is a Democrat, and is very liberal in all public undertakings, and socially is highly esteemed. He and wife are members of the Baptist Church. ELDER WILLIAM B. F. TREAT, a native of Indiana, was born in Adams Township, Morgan Co., Ind., September 25, 1835. He is eldest in a family of six children born to James W. and Sallie (Mathes) Treat, natives of Kentucky, and among the earliest pioneers of Owen BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 597 County and Morgan County. The subject of this sketch was reared in Morgan County, and there reaeivdd a good education. When eighteen years of age, he went with his parents to Yellville, Ark., where, by con- stant study and perseverance, he acquired a knowledge of the higher classics. In 1856, he entered the office of Dr. Carlisle, and began the stady of medicine, continuing for two years, during which time he preached through the surrounding country. He was ordained a minister of the Christian Church in 1858, and preached in Arkansas for six years; then returned to Indiana. He preached at Bruoeville, Knox County, for three years then for some time at Mt. Carmel, 111. He came to Bloom- ington in 1870, and was minister in the Christian Church for five years. He was elected on the Eepublican ticket to the Senate of Indiana, from the district comprising. Monroe and Lawrence Counties, and served for four years. He has since been engaged in his ministerial duties and has attained great distinction as an orator and debater. On May 10, 1855, he married Miss Rebecca J. Wood, daughter of Abram Wood, a citizen of Marion County, Ark. They have nine children. Elder Treat is a mem- ber of the A., F. & A. M. ; politically he is a Republican, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. JOHN WALDRON was born in Drogheda, Ireland, in June, 1827. He is the eldest in a family of three children bom to John and Mary (Hughes) Waldron. He acquired the rudiments of a good common school education, and while yet a boy learned the tanner's trade with his father, and being left an orphan he came to America in 1847, and worked at his trade in Newark, N. J., until 1848; going thence to St. Louis, Mo., he worked at tanning until March, 1856, at which time he removed to Bloomington. Soon after his arrival, he purchased the old Judy Tan- nery, to which he has since made a number of additions and otherwise extensively improved it. The tannery is at present one of the largest in Bloomington, and employs a large number of men. On September 4, 1853, ho was married to Miss Ann Bonecum, daughter of John Bone- cum, of St. Louis. He is a prominent member of the Catholic Church, and a stanch Republican. He has for twenty years served as an efficient member of the To\vn Council, and also for three years creditably served as County Commissioner. In 1871, at the organization of the First National Bank of Bloomington, he was elected a director, and upon the death of George W. Buskirk in 1874, he was elected President, which office he at present fills. JOHN B. WALDRON, a native of Indiana, was born in Blooming- ton, Monroe County, April 2, 1856. He was the eldest son of eleven children born to John and Ann (Bonecum) Waldron, natives of Ireland and Missouri respectively. He was reared in Bloomington, where he re- ceived a good education in the public schools. When eighteen years of age, he took charge of the books in his father's tannery, where he re- mained for about seven years, at which time he accepted a position as book-keeper in the First National Bank, retaining it for two years. On March 15, 1883, he formed a partnership with S. C. Dodds and Showers Bros, in the manufacture of chairs, to which, on September 1 , 1883, they added the manufacture of center tables, . and have facilities for making sixty-five dozen chairs and one thousand center tables per week. Thej' have in their employ about sixty five persons and pay from 1250 to 1300 per we^k for this assistance. Mr. Waldron is identified with the Cath- olic Church, and is a faithful member and an active worker in its main- 598 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: tenance. He is politically a Eepublioan, and quite influential in his party. He is liberal as a citizen, highly rospected in the community, in- dustrious, energetic and ever ready to assist in any commendable public undertaking. GEOKGE W. WALKER, a native of Indiana, was born September 33, 1844, in Lawrence County. He is the third son of John F. and Sarah (Green) Walker, natives of Kentucky and Indiana respectively. He was reared in Polk Township, Monroe County, and acquired a good common school education. When ten years of age, he came to Bloomington with his parents, and here entered the public schools, through which he passed with great credit. About 1856, he commenced learning the printer's trade, continuing to work at it until 1861. He was assigned the posi- tion of Deputy Postmaster under William M. Tate, and has since been seen at his post, faithfully discharging the duties devolving upon him. Mr. Waiker is a member of the I. O. O. F. , and is identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he is an active as well as an in- fluential member. Politically, he is a Republican, a stanch worker and highly esteemed by the citizens. DR. ROBERT M. WEIR was born in Richland Township, Monroe County, Ind., in July, 1841. His parents, Charles S. and Elizabeth (Strong) Weir, natives of South Carolina, and of Irish extraction, came to Indiana in 1832, locating on a farm in Richland Township, where they now live. Our subject is the eldest in the family, and was educated in his native township. In 1857, he entered the State University at Bloom- ington, graduating thence in June, 1863. In the fall of that same year, he began the study of medicine with Dr. J. D. Maxwell, and continued for about eight months, when he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-third Indiana Volunteers, under Capt. Rutledge, in the, one hundred days' service, and on September 5 received an honorable dis- charge. In the fall of 1864, he entered the University of Michigan, in the Medical Department, and graduated in March, 1866. Two months later, he entered the regular practice at White Hall, Owen County, Ind., and continued there until March, 1876; going thence to Paxton, 111., he remained for about one year and a half, when he returned to Blooming- ton, Ind., where he is at present engaged in practice, He has been Sec- retary of the County Board of Health since its organization. October 16, 1866, he was married to Harriet A. Turner, daughter of the Rev. William Turner, of Monroe County. They have had six children, five of whom are living — Charles T., Julia E.,Mary E., Mattie E. and Anna. Dr. Weir is a member of the United Presbyterian Church, and politically he is a Republican. LEONARD WHETSELL was born in Wythe County, Va., March 24, 183l!, and is the second son and sixth child of Peter and Elizabeth Whetsell. When four years of age, he came to Indiana with his par- ents, and located in New Albany, where they remained for two years, coming thence, in 1838, to Monroe County. They settled on a farm near Bloomington^ where they remained for about two years, then went to Bloomington in 1840. His parents were only in moderate circumstances, and he, being compelled to work, only obtained a very limited education. On coming to Bloomington, his father engaged in farming and the har- ness business, which he followed until his death, which occurred October 6,1841; his widow died November 21,1875. After the death of his father, they returned to the farm, and subject farmed for several years, BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. 599 removing thence to Ellettaville, where he lived for some time, coming thence to Bloomington. He entered the employ of Orchard & McPhee- ters, as stage driver, continuing in this capacity for several years. He then purchased a two-wheeled dray, from which has sprung the present flourishing transfer line owned by him. He was Bloomington's first drayman, and his success is evidence of what may be accomplished by un- faltering energy and industry. On June 8, 1856, he was married to Miss Rebecca J. Hughes, daughter of David Hughes, a respected citizen of Monroe County. To crown the happiness of their wedded life, they have had born to them five children — George, Edward, Elizabeth, Leonard L. (who was born in Bloomington, Ind., May 18, 1863), and Charles B. In April, 1883, he entered the employ of J. H Eyors & Co. , spokes, hubs and wagon stock manufacturers of Bloomington, and he is at pres- ent so engaged. Mr. Whetsell is a member of the I. O. R. M., and is identified with the Methodist Church. Politically, he is a Republican. EDWARD WHETSELL, second son in a family of five children born to Leonard and Rebecca J. (Hughes) Whetsell, was born October 26, 1858, in Bloomington, Monroe Co., Ind. He was educated in the public schools of Bloomington, obtaining a very good common school education. When about sixteen years of age, he began running a dray for W. B. Hughes, which he continued to do for about four years, when he tired of the business, and worked at various things for some length of time, being always industrious. Eor some time past he has been in the employ of William T. Blair, the popular boot and shoe merchant of Bloomington. On October 7, 1878, he was united by marriage to Miss Letitia Perdue, daughter of C. R. Perdue, one of Bloomington'? njost prominent citizens and merchants. This union has been blest with one child — Edward Leon, born February 28, 1880. Mr. Whetsell and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in good standing. Politically, he is a Republican, and is highly esteemed in that party. W. W. WICKS, born in New Albany, Ind. July 14, 1843, is the only son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Tuley) Wicks, and was reared in New Albany, where he was educated in the pablio schools. When sixteen years of age, he entered the employ of his uncle, J. L. Wicks, a retail grocer of New Albany, where he continued until he enlisted in the three months' service; in January, 1862, he came to Bloomington, entered the employ of a merchant here, with whom he remained for two years. Jan- uary 2, 1864, he enlisted in the Twentieth Indiana Artillery, and took part in the battles at Atlanta, onesboro and Nashville, and on June 28, 1865, by reason of the closing of the war, he received an honorable dis- charge, and again came to Bloomington. Re-entering the employ of Mr. Tuley, he remained until September 10, 1868, when he was married to Sarah McPhetridge, daughter of Milton McPhetridge, pioneers of Monroe County. They have two children — Blanch and Grace. After his marriage he lived for one year in Pana, 111, , removing thence to Bloom- ington, and resuming his former position with Tuley. & Co., which he retained until 1874, when he purchased a furniture store, shortly after- ward selling out, however, and forming a partnership with J. B. Clark, in the dry goods business, continuing for three years, and then retired from active business for seven months, on account of ill health. He next formed a partnership with R. M. Gamble and C. B. Mitchell, in general merchandise store, the former going out in January, 1882, the latter selling hrs stock to our subject January 1, 1883, and at present the busi- 600 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: nes8 is now under the firm name of W. W. Wicks. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the- 1. O. R. M. He is identified with the^ Meth- odist Episcopal Church and is a Democrat. JONATHAN O. WHISNAND, farmer, was born in Clarke County, Ind., August 26, 1816, and is the son of George and Mary (Owen) Whis- nand, the former was born in Washington County, Va. , December 27. 1780, and the latter in Tazewell County, Tenn. , on June 26, 1790. George was a hatter by trade, and moved to Ohio in 1811, where he worked at the trade two years, when, in 1813, he moved to Indiana, the State being then a Territory, and resumed his trade at Charlestown, Clarke County. In 1819, he came to where Bloomington now stands, where he again resumed his occupation. In 1821, he entered eighty acres of land, and followed farming in connection with his trade. In 1838, he built a woolen mill at Ellettsville, which was taken charge of by his son Jonathan until 1844. He died in 1863, his wife in 1852. He was a member of the Baptist Church, she of the Methodist. Jonathan, our subject, is a farmer, and now owns a fine farm of 230 acres, which he has secured by hard labor and untiring industry. In 1852, he married Eebeeca A., daughter of Benjamin and Henrietta Ridge, who were old and prominent settlers of this county. To our subject and his wife was born one son — Benjamin R. Mr. Whisnand is a member of Ellettsville Lodge, No. 245, A. , F. & A. M. , and in politics is a Republican. JOHN D. WHISNAND was born in Washington County, Va, Sep- tember 22, 1822, and is a son of Isaac and Mary (Isley) Whisnand. The former was born about 1800, in Washington County, Va. ; went thence to Sullivan (bounty, Tenn., and in 1829 came to Monroe County. He was a farmer, and entered land which is now known as the John Buzzard farm, and resided there until his death in 1858. He was teaming in an early day, from Bloomington to Louisville, and sold wheat for 37J cents per bushel, and bacon for IJ cents per pound. John D. was reared on the old farm until his twenty-fifth year; then with $100 he started in life alone. He purchased eighty acres of land, for which he paid $800, and after paying for this, added fifty acres, which cost $1,000. His farm is in a fine condition, and he enjoys the comfort and convenience of a fine residence, added to which are outbuildings, all of which is the fruit of his honest toil. In 1846, Mr. Whisnand was joined in matrimony to Susan O., a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of Reuben and Nancy (Bailey) Shipley, who were early settlers of Monroe County. To this marriage have been born six children — Mi-s. Bradley, James L., Louisa (deceased), Mrs. Bode, Sarah and Cynthia, Mr. Whisnand is a Repub- lican. WILLIAM E. WHISNAND was born in Washington County, Va. , May 26, 1807, and is the son of Jacob and Rebecca Whisnand, the former a native of Pennsylvania, who served as a spy during the Revolution. William E. came to Monroe County in 1830, and settled near Blooming- ton, where he followed farming and wagon-making until 1848. He then purchased his present farm, consisting of 115 acres, for which he paid 11,100, and since that has followed farming. In 1828, he married Eliz- abeth, a native of Tennessee, and daughter of Henry and Annie (Hick- man) Wolf. She died in 1871, the mother of eleven children— John C, Franklin, Mrs. Ridge, Emanuel (who was a soldier of the war of the re- bellion). Mrs. Elizabeth Ridge, Mrs. Minet, Sarah J. (Riddle), Thomas (who served in the war of the rebellion), Mrs. Mayfield , Laura C. (Parks), BLOOMINGTON TOWNSHIP AND CITY. tiOl and Elihu (deceased). January 5, 1876, he married for his second wife, Mary, a daughter of Cornelius and Rebecca (Coleman) Ridge. Mrs. Whisnand's father was a Kentuckian, and a soldier, of the war of 1812. Mr. Whisnand is an old and highly respected citizen of the county; is a member of the Christian Church, and in politics is a Republican. FRANK R. WOOLLEY was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, August 28, 1853, and is the second son in a family of eight children born to John C. and Margaret V. (Getzendauner) "Woolley, nati-ves of Ohio and Pennsyl- vania respectively. His parents came to Monroe County soon after his birth. He was reared on a farm near Bloomington, and in the district schools received the rudiments of an education. When about eighteen years of age, lie began learning the carpenter's trade with H. J. Nichols, of Bloomington, and later on with his uncle, William H. Neeld. In 1874, he entered the employ of D. W. Fish & Co., grocers of Blooming- ton, and soon afterward took charge of his father's interest in the firm of Fields & Woolley, grocers. In 1878, he formed a partnership with his father in the grocery business, under the firm name of Woolley & Son, continuing about three years. In the spring of 1882, he was elected by the Republican party as Trustee of Bloomington Township, and is at present faittifully in the discharge of the duties of that office. He is at present Noble Grand of the Bloomington Lodge, I. O. O. F., and an ac- tive member of the Methodist Church. ZIMRY WORLEY, eldest child of Henry and, Nancy (Pansy) Wor- ley, was born August 23, 1803, in North Carolina, where he lived until two years of age. His parents then brought him to Highland County, Ohio, where they lived until 1819, removing thence to Monroe County, Ind., and settling in Bloomington. Shortly after their arrival here, his step-father diud, and being the eldest son, upon him devolved the duty of supporting the family. He rented a small farm near Bloomington, and remained there for two years, removing thence to a farm known now as the old McKinley place, which he leased and farmed until April 13, 1826, when he was married to Sallie Legg, daughter of Jonathan Legg, an early pioneer of Bloomington. After his marriage, he worked at various things, such as necessarily fall to the lot of early settlers, for several years. He then purchased a farm of sixty acres, where he lived for sixteen years; then, selling his farm, he moved to Bloomington, and built what is now the National House, which he conducted for seventeen years. He traded it for other town property, and retired from active labor, at present residing in Bloomington, hale, hearty, and eighty-one years or age, the oldest living settler in the city. He has been the re- cipient of no gratuities, and it is only to his energy and industry that he has obtained a competencj" of this world's goods, and is now comfortably resting during his declining years. He has been a stanch member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for more than fifty-four years, and was an old-time Whig. His wife was born near Shelby ville, Ky., on December 11, 1805. Her parents moved to Bloomington in October, 1824, where they resided for about twenty-six years, removing thence to Illinois, where they died, the father at the advanced age of ninety-eight years, the mother at ninety years of age. Mr. Worley has eight children — George Henry, Jane, Margaret, Elsberry, Eli F., Harvey, James C. and an infant. JAMES C. WORLEY, native of Indiana, was born November 6, 1838, in Richland Township, Monroe County. He is the youngest son 602 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: of eight children born to Zimry and Sallie (Legg) Worley, natives of South Carolina and Kentucky respectively. He was reared in his native township until eight years of age, when he came to Bloomington with his parents, where he received a good English education in the public schools, and in 1852 he entered the State University, continuing for two years and a half. In February, 1862, he was married to Sarah McCol- lough, daughter of Johnson and Rebecca McCollough, early settlers of Monroe County. After his marriage, he embarked in the livery business here, and continued until 1865, when he sold out, and the same year went into the same business again, continuing until March, 1877, when he sold oat and went into the grocery business, continuing one year, when he again embarked in the livery business. In 1879, John T. May pur- chased one-half interest, and the business was continued under the firm name of Worley & May until January 1, 1884, when he sold to John H. Cole, and has since been engaged in buying, selling and trading in horses. He has three children — Edith, Alice and an infant child. Mr. Worley is a Republican, and is quite prominent with his party. C. R. WORRALL is a native of Iowa, born May 24, 1855, in Marion. He is the eldest child in a family of five children born to I. D. and Nancy A. (Thompson) Worrall, natives of Indiana and Ohio respectively. His parents were married in 1854, in Marion, Iowa, where for sixteen years the father followed merchandising, and then moved to Greencastle, Ind. He kept a hotel there until 1874, when he came to Bloomington, where he at present resides, engaged in the harness business. The sub- ject of this sketch was reared in his native town, where he was educated in the public schools, and in 1871 he entered the Asbury University at Greencastle, remaining for three years. He then entered the Law De- partment of the State University at Bloomington, from which he gradu- ated in June, 1876. Two years later, he began the regular practice of his profession in Bloomington, remaining there but one year, when he removed to Ogdeu, Iowa, and practiced there for three years, during which time he served as City Attorney, and as City Recorder for one year. In the fall of 1881, he returned to Bloomington, and taught school for a year. He then resumed his practice, in which he has since continued very successfully. On July 3, 1883, he was married to Emma Walker, daughter of Dr. W. S. Walker, a pioneer of Monroe County, Ind. Besides practicing his profession, he is in the real estate business, and also in the insurance business. He is politically a Democrat, and a very prominent member of that party. PERRY TOWNSHIP- DAVID ADAMS, farmer, was born in Chester County, S. C, Octo- ber 4, 1821, son of John and Mary (Simpson) Adams. In a family of nine children, Mr. Adams is the second, and is of Irish descent. The parents of Mr. Adams were also born in South Carolina. His paternal grandfather was Capt. Samuel Adams, a native of Ireland, who came to America prior to the Revolutionary war. He served seven years in that struggle. When the subject of this sketch was about fourteen years old PERRY TOWl^rSHIP. 603 he, with his parents, removed from South Carolina to Franklin County, 111., and there remained a short time; then came to Monroe County, Ind. , and settled near where Mr. Adams now resides. In this county his parents died — the father January 4, 1853, and the mother April 4, 1879, His father was one of the pioneer men of Monroe County. When Mr. Adams was about twenty years of age, he began the scenes of life for himself. He was married, in 1850, to Miss Indiana McQueen, a native of Bartholomew County, Ind. To this marriage has been born seven children — William (deceased), and an infant that died unnamed, Mary (deceased), Sallie, Emma, George and Laura. In 1851, Mr. Adams settled where he now lives. Here he has 139 acres of good land. He has a good barn, 36x46, built in 1883. Mr. Adams has been successful in life. He is a Democrat, and cast bis first vote for Van Buren before he was of age. Mr. Adams is one of the early men of Monroe County, and is one of the leading citizens of Perry Township. The family is well known and greatly respected. WILLIAM BLACKLEY, pioneer, was born in Mason County, Ky. , February 12, 1814, and is the son of Thomas and Elizabeth (McFall) Blackley. He is one of eight children, and is of Irish extraction. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Blackley was Robert Blackley, a native of Ire- land. The parents of our subject were born in Virginia; in early life, they removed to Mason County, Ky., and there remained until October, 1835, when they came to Monroe County, Ind., where his mother died in 1844, and his father in 1846; his parents were among the early comers to the county, and were prominent pioneers. The marriage of our sub- ject took place in ,1852, to Miss Elizabeth Hall, a native of Kentucky. Children have been born to this union as follows: Martha A., William O., Horace M., Sarah F., Thomas S., Leeona E., and two infanta that died unnamed. The year 1885 dates the settlement of Mr. Blackley at his present place of residence. His house, which is one of the best in the county, was erected in 1876 at a cost of $7,000. Mr. Blackley is one of the most extensive land owners in Perry Township, besides having land in Missouri. Politically, Mr. Blackley is a Republican, but was formerly a Whig. Our subject did not have the privileges of education, though he now possesses good practical knowledge. The Blackley family is connected with the Christian Church, and is highly respected. W. C. BORLAND, one of the frontier men of Monroe County, was bom in the county's capital December 18, 1820, and is a son of Edward and Margaret (Caldwell) Borland. The subject o£ this sketch is the sec- ond in a family of eight children, and is of Irish- Welsh lineage. The parents of Mr. Borland were natives of Washington County, Penn. His paternal grandfather was William Borland, a native of Ireland, who came to America prior to the war between America and England. The Bor- land family was known in the territory that now composes Monroe County as early as 1816, though the father of our subject did not come until 1818. The father of Mr. Borland was, by occupation, a carpenter, and did the carpenter work on the first court house of the county; he died in this county in 1869. The mother of Mr. Borland died in 1879. The year 1846 dates the marriage of our subject to Miss Christian Shryer, a native of Cumberland, Md. To this household were born seven children, as follows: Gertrude M., Lewis S., William M., Edward, Maria (de- ceased), James and Minnie. In 1846, Mr. Borland settled where he now resides. He has 320 acres of well-improved land, and is one of the suc- 38 604 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: cessful men of Monroe County. For many years he dealt in cattle and is known as one of the pioneer stock men of Perry Township. , Politi- cally, he is a Eepublican. THOMAS N. FARIS is a native of Monroe County; was born in Bloomington Township September 28, 1835; is a son of James and Nan- cy (Smith) Paris; is the fifth in a family of nine children, and came of Scotch-Irish origin. When in his twentieth year, he began life for him- self. His occupation has been that of a farmer, and as such he has been quite successful. He has 133 acres of well-improved land, a part of which is a portion of what was the old Paris homestead. The marriage of Mr. Paris occurred in 1861 to Miss Nancy Ervin, a native of Monroe County, Ind., and who is a most amiable woman. Mr. and Mrs. Paris are prominent members of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. He takea no part in politics, because God is not recognized in the Constitution of the United States. He is one of the pioneers of Monroe County, and for forty-three years has lived where he now resides. In 1873, Mr. Paris began giving some attention to potato growing, which he has made a specialty. Mr. and Mrs. Paris are among the leading citizens of the county. ROBERTSON GRAHAM, one of the frontier men of Monroe Coun- ty, is a native of Kentucky, was born November 7, 1795, and is the son of Thomas and Jane (Cloyd) Graham. This venerable man is the eldest in a family of seven children, and came of Irish blood. The father of Mr. Graham was born in North Carolina, and his mother was of Penn- sylvania birth. As early as 1814, the Graham family came to the terri- tory that now composes Monroe County, where it made settlement. Mr. Graham is one of the few surviving men who bravely fought at the bat- tle of New Orleans. After this battle, Mr. Graham came again to this county, walking all the way from New Orleans. His marriage took place in August, 1821, to Miss Phebe Moberly. To this union were born seven children. The death of Mrs. Graham occurred in 1847. Mr. Graham was next married, in 1849, to !Mrs. Sabina Horner. To this marriage have been born two children. Politically, Mr. Graham is a member of the National party. He has been a resident of the county almost three- quarters of a century, and has long been one of our representative men. By occupation, Mr. Graham has been a farmer, and was very successful. In 1818, he entered the land on which the northwestern part of Bloom- ington is located. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Graham took an act- ive part in the Revolutionary war. JOSEPH D. HANDY, ex-County Commissioner, is a native of Prank- lin County, Va., was born March 15, 1815, and is a son of John and Gracie (Grimmett) Handy. He is the youngest ii; a family of eight chil- dren, and is of English origin. The parents of Mr. Handy were born in Franklin County, Va., and there died. His paternal grandfather was John Handy, a native of England. "When Joseph D. was about twa years of age his father died. At nine years of age, he went to live with a man by the name of Ashlin, a tobacco grower and manufacturer. In February, 1833, he came to Monroe County, Ind. For several years, he worked on a farm by the month. He is known as one of the pioneer pedagogues of Monroe County. He taught his first term of school two miles west of the present site of Ellettsville in 1841, and for quite a num- ber of years he taught the village school at the above-mentioned place. In all, he taught school about fourteen years. In 1864, he settled where PERRY TOWNSHIP. 605 he now resides. His land is a part of that entered by Jesse Davor, well known in the pioneer days of Monroe County. Mr. Handy's martiage took place April 15, 1846, to Miss Eliza A. Hall, a native of Kentucky. To them have been born three children — John, Joseph and Laura, of whom the last named survives her brothers. Mr. Handy is a thorough Republican, and has served as Township Trustee for a number of years. In 1876, he was elected County Commissioner, and was re-elected in 1880. THOMAS KILLPATRICK, farmer, was born in County Antrim, Ire- land, November 26, 1831; is a son of David and Jane (Pursel) Kill- patrick, and is the eldest in a family of eight children, and is of Irish lineage. The parents of Mr. Killpatrick were also born in Ireland, and there his mother died in 1831. In May, 1837, his father, after a voyage of nine weeks and three days, with his family, landed at Philadelphia, and then came immediately to Preble County, Ohio; remained until the spring of 1838, then came to Monroe County, Ind., and settled in Perry Township. Here the father of Mr. Killpatrick remained until 1852, when he removed to Des Moines County, Iowa, where he died in August, 1869. In August, 1859, Mr. Killpatrick came again to Monroe County from Iowa, where he had removed with the family. He enlisted in August, 1863, in Company E, One Hundred and Seventeenth Indiana Volunteers. He was honorably discharged February 25, 1 864, at Indian- apolis. After this, he went again to Iowa, and remained until 1866, when he returned to this county. He was married, February 19, 1861, to Miss Nancy J. Jameson, a native of this county. They had one child — James M. Mrs. Killpatrick died in April, 1862, and her son in July fol- lowing. In 1868, Mr. Killpatrick married Mrs. Isabella Blair, formerly Marshall. To this union have been born five children — Susan E., Robert A., Minnie J., Ada B. and Anna L. In 1868, Mr. Killpatrick settled where he now lives. Here he has 180 acres of well-improved land, and has been successful as a farmer. He is a Republican, and was an Aboli- tionist. C. G. McCALLA, cabinet-maker, and proprietor of the Bloomington Planing Mills, was born in Chester District, S. C, December 5, 1829; is the son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Thompson) MoCalla; is the fourth in a family of twelve children, and is of Scotch -Irish lineage. The parents of Mr. McCalla were also natives of South Carolina. When the subject of this sketch was about six years of age, his parents came to Mon- roe County, where the mother died about 1874, and the father in 1881. When Mr. McCalla was eighteen years of age, he began serving a three- years' apprentice at cabinet-making; then for two years he worked as journeyman. In 1854, he formed a partnership with George W. Batter- ton, the man under whom Mr. McCalla learned his trade. This partner- ship lasted four and a half years, and then Mr. McCalla sold his interest to his partner, and for one year worked at house- joining. In April, 1861, he enlisted in Company K, Fourteenth Indiana Volunteers. He re- enlisted in the Twenty-second Indiana as a musician for three years. He was in the service one year, and then the Government mustered out all the regimental bands. Mr. McCalla came home, and worked a short time for his father, after which he enlisted in the Twenty-first Indiana Heavy Artillery for three years, or during the war. He was in three important engagements. In 1866, he was honorably discharged at Baton Rogue, La. Mr. McCalla was the third man to enlist in Monroe County. After 606 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: the war, he resumed his trade at house -joiuing, and continued until 1873; then purchased a one- half interest in the Bloomington Planing Mills, and two years later he became sole proprietor. He is a Republican, and is a member of the United Presbyterian Church. ROBERT MARSHALL, farmer, was born in Monroe County, Ind., in 1842; is the son of Thomas and Eliza (Gracia) Marshall; is the third in a family of four children, and is of Scotch-Irish origin. His parents were born in Ireland. They came to this county in 1836, settled in Ben- ton T(jwnship, and came to Perry Township about 1844. Here his parents died in 1869. Robert Marshall began life for himself at seven- teen years of age, by farming, which he continued until 1878, and then led a general life of travel for four years. In 1861, he settled where he now resides. He was married, September 11, 1873, to Miss Kee McKissack, of Monroe County, daughter of William and Sarah McKis- saek. To this union were born two children, viz.: William C. and Alma P. (deceased). Mrs. Marshall died April 9, 1878. She was a member of the United Presbyterian Church. Politically, Mr. Marshall is a Nationalist, bat cast his first Presidential vote for Lincoln. Mr. Marshall has a well-improved farm of 160 acres, and as a farmer has been very successful. He has a brother who served four years in the late war. Miss Sue Marshall, a sister of Mr. Marshall, has charge of his house. P. B. MARTIN, general merchant, was born in Washington County, Ind., November 11, 1844; is the son of Peter and Elizabeth (Goss) Mar- tin; is the youngest in a family of ten children, and is of German descent. The father of Mr. Martin was born in Kentucky, and his mother in Pennsylvania. They came from Kentucky to Indiana in 1821, and set- tled in Washington County, where they resided until their deaths: the father died in February, 1863, and the mother in 1846. The early life of Mr. Martin was that of a farmer, and at the early age of seventeen years he began doing for himself. He enlisted in January, 1864, in Company A, Seventeenth Indiana Volunteers, and was at the battle of Selma. In August, 1865, he was honorably discharged. In 1869, Mr. Martin came to Clear Creek Station, Monroe County, aad began general merchandising. This business he still continues, and has invested about 12,500. He lost by fire, in 1875, his whole stock of goods and business building, valued in all at $6,000. He was married, in 1873, to Miss Lydia Blankenship, a native of Owen County, Ind. They have two children — Maud E. and James B. H. Mr. Martin is a Republican. In 1872, he was appointed Postmaster at Clear Creek, and is also express agent. Mr. and Mrs. Martin are members of the Christian Church. He is the principal busi- ness man at the station, and one of the leading citizens of Perry Township. THOMAS N. MATHERS, one of the early-day' men of Monroe County, was born in Nicholas County, Ky., February 28, 1821; he is a son of James and Susana (Nesbit) Mathers, and is the fifth of a family of ten children. The parents of our subject were natives of Bourbon County, Ky. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Mathers was a native of Ireland. In early childhood he became an orphan, lived the life of a bound-boy, and came to America prior to the Revolutionary war, in which he took an active part. His death occurred in Monroe County, Ind. The parents of Mi-. Mathers also died in this county. Before our subject had gained his majority, he began doing for himself. His mar- riage took place in 1841, to Miss Mary E. Mathers, an own cousin. Mrs. PERRY TOWNSHIP. 607 Mathers was also of Kentucky birth, one of the pioneer women of Monroe County, and a most amiable Christian lady. Her death occurred Decem- ber 28, 1880. To the abo^e-mentioned union were born nine children. The year 1841 dates the settlement of Mr. Mathers where he now resides. He has a valuable and well-improved farm, and is in comfortable circum- stances. By the " sweat of his brow " he has accomplished what he has, and his success is due to his own energy and economy. Politically, Mr. Mathers is a Republican, but, prior to 1861, he was a Jackson Democrat. He was elected Assessor of Perry Township in 1879, and served one term, and by appointment served one year. For forty-five years he has been a consistent member of the Christian Church. WILLIAM J. MOORE was born in Bloomington, Ind. , January 30, 1821, and is the only son in a family of two children, born to John and Ann (Henry) Moore. The parents of Mr. Moore were born in Ireland, and emigrated to America in 1816, and for two years they lived near Pittsburgh, Penn., and then came to Monroe County and settled in the town of Bloomington. Here they lived until their death. His father died in 1825, and his mother in 1846. Mr. Moore remained at home and worked for his mother until twenty- one years of age. He then labored for months, at 16^ cents per day. His marriage took place in 1844 to Hannah McCaughan, a native of Ireland. They have had four chil- dren — John A., Ann H. (deceased), Mary J. and Susan E. In 1845, Mr. Moore removed from Bloomington to Benton Township, and there re- mained six years; then removed to Perry Township, west of Bloomington; there remained twelve years ; then removed to what was known as the Westbrook homestead, and there remained until 1875, when he settled on the farm he now owns. He is a Republican, and he and wife are mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church. WILLIAM NORMAN, farmer and dairyman, was born in Polk Township, Monroe Co., Ind., May 5, 1844; is a son of Peter and Nancy (Hayes) Norman; is the third in a family of twelve children, and is of Scotch-Irish origin. The father of Mr. Norman was born in North Car- olina, and his mother is of Indiana birth. The father came to Monroe County about 1834, and settled in Polk Township, where he died in 1876. The subject of our sketch was married in May, 1863, to Miss Susan J. Shields, a native of Lawrence County, Ind. They have four children, viz., Cyrus M., Lizzie, Nannie and Peter. Mr. Norman en- listed, in 1864, in Company C, Thirty-second Indiana Volunteers. He was honorably discharged in May, 1865. Mr. Norman removed from Polk Township to where he now lives, in Perry Township. He has a well-improved farm in Polk Township of 200 acres. He came to Perry Township to have better educational advantages for his children. He is a Republican. In 1883, he began the dairy business, and at present he has fourteen cows, and the business has been very successful. Mr. and Mrs. Norman are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. P. G. PAULEY, farmer, was born in Van Buren Township, Monroe Co., Ind., June 1, 1826; is the son of Isaac and Sarah (Paugh) Pauley; is one of nine children, and is of German lineage. The parents of Mr. Pauley were born in Nicholas County, Ky., and in 1818 came to this county and settled in Richland Township, but subsequently removed to Van Buren Township, and here the father of Mr. Pauley died in 1832, and his mother in 1877, at eighty-seven years of age. When our subject was seventeen years of age, he began the realities of life for himself, and for two 608 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: years worked on a farm by the day and then by the month, and at twenty- one he is found clerking in the dry goods store of Helton & Dodds, where he remained four years, and then purchased a farm and began farming. His marriage occurred October 6, 1858, to Miss Sarah J. Hel- ton, a native of Lawrence County, Ind. To this union were born chil- dren as follows : Helton, Lew W., Ralph and Winfield Scott. About 1859, Mr. Pauley settled where he now resides. He has 200 acres of splendidly improved land. Politically, he is a Republican, though in local matters he supports the men who, in his judgment, are the best fitted for office. He is a thorough temperance man, and has been a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church for forty-two years. He served as chorister in that church fourteen years. Although passing down the western declivity of time, his years bear lightly upon him. For many years he was acquainted and associated with one of the early-day men of Monroe County. This personage was none other than the well-known L. G. Shryer, who was born in Cumberland, Md., in 1799, and who came to Monroe County in 1825, and the next year erected a steam mill, which was the first mill of the kind in the county. For many years he was one of the most active business men in the county. His death oc- curred in 1883. Mr. Shryer was the father of six children, and John, one of them, is a prominent man, in good circumstances, and resides near Mr. Pauley's. ELDER L N. PORCH was born in Lincoln County, Ky. , September 5, 1832; is the son of John H, and Margaret Porch; is the eldest in a family of eight children, and is of Scotch-English extraction. His father was born in Virginia in 1802, and his mother is a native of Kentucky, born in 1808. His paternal grandfather was also born in Virginia, and died in Montgomery County, Ind., at almost one hundred and four years of age. The father of Elder Porch died near Pilot Point, Texas. The sub- ject of this sketch is a graduate of Butler University, having quitted that institution with the highest honors of his class. His early life was divided between attending and teaching school. After his graduation he assumed the principalship of the Rushville (Indiana) Schools. After closing his labors at school teaching, he began preaching in the Chris- tian Church, which has been his leading life occupation. For many years he has been interested in eternal salvation for human souls, and has preached extensively in Indiana, Missouri and Tennessee, and his labors are known in Ohio, Illinois and Texas. He now resides near Bloomington, Ind. His marriage occurred in 1863, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Judge Hinchman, of Rush County, Ind. Children have been born to this union as follows: Maggie, Lois, Quinta, Anne, Ed- ward and Yale C. Politically, Elder Porch is a National. HENRY CLAY RHORBR, farmer, is a native of Jessamine County, Ky. ; was born September 7. 1828; is the son of Jacob and Mary (Hoover) Rhorer, is the fifth in a family of eight children, and is of German descent. The father of Mr. Rhorer was born near Hagerstown, Md., in 1796, and his mother was of Kentucky birth. In infancy, his father was brought by his parents to Jessamine County, Ky., here he died in 1872. His mother died in the same county in 1850. At twen- ty-one years of age, Mr. Rohrer began the scenes of life for himself. His marriage took place November 5, 1854, to Miss Matt'ie A. Hoover. Mrs. Rhorer is also a native of Jessamine County, Ky. , and was born December 14, 1832. To this union have been born one daughter and two PERRY TOWNSHIP. 609 sons, viz., Mary B., Alvin. K. and Jerome E. In 1855, Mr. Rhorer came to Monroe County, "ind. , and settled where he now lives at Pine Valley Home. Here he owns a well-improved farm. Politically. Mr. Rhorer is a Republican; his first Presidential vote was cast for Henry Clay. In 1872, Mr. Rhorer was elected Assessor of Perry Township. The father of Mr. Rhorer was a minister of the old Christian Church, and, though a Southern gentleman, was always of an anti-slavery spirit. Mr. Rhorer has a fair common school education, and has been very successful in life. AQtiLLA W. ROGERS, ex-Sheriif and farmer, is the eighth son in a family of thirteen children of Jonathan and Mary (Rand) Rogers, and is of English-Irish extraction. His birth occurred October 16, 1819, in Bloomington Township, Monroe County, Ind. The father of Mr. Rog- ers was born in Pennsylvania, and his mother was of Kentucky birth. In extreme early life his father migrated to Ohio, where he was mar- ried, and there remained until just prior to the war of 1812, when he and wife came to the territory that now composes Jackson County, Ind., and there remained until 1817, when the family came to Monroe County. The father cleared the land on which the coiirt house now stands. His death occurred May 15, 1834, in Washington County, Ind. At twenty years of age, Aquilla W. Rogers undertook the labors af life for himself. His marriage took place April 2, 1840, to Miss Mary E. Rogers, an own cousin. To this union have been born seven children, viz.. Napoleon B., Mary L., Elizabeth, Benjamin A., Harriet E., Leonidas D. C. and Exi- lona S. After the marriage of Mr. Rogers, he made settlement on Salt Creek, in Salt Creek Township, where he remained eight years, and then removed to Perry Township. In 1868, he made settlement near where he now lives. He has a splendidly improved farm of 144 acres. Polit- ically, this old pioneer is a thorough Democrat, and has always advo- cated the interests of that party. In 1862, he was elected Sheriff of Monroe County, and was re-elected in 1864, and discharged the trust imposed in him to the satisfaction of his constituents. For more than a half century Mr. Rogers has been a resident of Monroe County, and now resides in a splendid residence near his birthplace. He has al- ways possessed a spirit of public enterprise, and was the first advocate of what is known as the Rogers Pike. He is a leading citizen and an hon- orable man. HENRY ROGERS (deceased) was born May 9, 1814. He was the son of Jonathan and Mary (Rand) Rogers, and his birth occurred in Clarke County, Ind. At two years of age, he was removed by his parents to this county. In early life, he learned the tanner's trade, though he did not follow that occupation many years. The marriage of our subject took place January 12, 1837, to Miss Jane Ward, a native of Wythe County, Va., daughter of Granville and Anna Ward, also natives of Virginia, who emigrated to Monroe County in 1816. The under-named children were bom to the Rogers- Ward union: Mary A., Francis M., Malinda J. (deceased), Willis A. G. (deceased), Thomas J. and Harriet E. In politics, Mr. Rogers was an uncompromising Democrat. He served as Justice of the Peace for some time. His dedth. occurred August 21, 1876. Mrs. Rogers was born December 27, 1814, and came to Monroe County in 1816. She has a distinct rememlsrance of the Indians, •wolves and deer, and is one of the true pioneer women of Monroe County. She is a member of the Christian Church, and an earnest Christian lady. Mrs. Rogers now resides with her son-in-law, Mr. George P. Campbell, t)10 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : who was born in Perry Township, Monroe County, Ind., October 2, 1852, Bon of Hugh B. and Susan G. (Patton) Campbell. He is of Scotch- Irish lineage, He has attended school at the Bloom ington College, and Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College at Indianapolis, and has more than an ordinary education. In 1876, he engaged in general merchan- dising, in partnership with P. B. Martin, at Clear Creek, Ind., which he continued about two years, and then began farming. His marriage took place October 19, 1880, to Miss Harriet E. Kogers, also a native of Monroe County, daughter of Harry and Jane Eogers. Mr. Campbell has 155 acres of good land. He is a Kepublican, and a member of the Knights of Pythias. In 1874, he represented the Bloomington Lodge in the Grand Lodge at Indianapolis. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are members of the Christian Church. He is one of the leading young men of Perry Township, and an honorable citizen. GEORGE STIPP, farmer, was born in Lawrence County, Ind., November 16, 1824, is the son of John and Maria (Mauk) Stipp. Mr. Stipp is the fourth in a family of nine children, and is of German de- scent. The father cf our subject was born in Kentucky, and his mother in Virginia. About 1817, his father removed from Kentucky to Law- rence County, Ind., where he lived until 1856, when he came to Mon- roe County, where he died in 1857. Mr. Stipp was married, in 1848, to Miss Mary A. McPhadden, a native of South Carolina. To this union have been born four children — William N., Alice E., Edward and Sarah E. In 1848, Mr. Stipp came to Monroe County, and settled in Clear Creek Township, and there remained until 1873, when he removed to where he now lives. Here he has 283 acres of splendidly improved land. He has a good residence, erected in 1876, at a cost of $2,000' Politically, Mr. Stipp is a Eepublican, but was formerly a Democrat, and cast his first Presidential vote for James K. Polk. Mr. and Mrs. Stipp are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is an honorable man, and has the confidence and respect of all who know him. REV. WILLIAM T>. TURNER (deceased) was one of the pio- neer clergyman of Monroe County. He was born in Pendleton Dis- trict, S. C, August 25, 1806, of Irish parents, who at an early day emigrated to America and settled on a farm in South Carolina. They were of the stanch old Presbyterian stock, whose religion had been tried in the fires of persecution and came through them without a falter in the Christian faith. It was in such a family, whose religion is alike true and strong, and under its happy and restraining infiuences, the subject of this memoir passed his earlier days. Soon the fruit began to appear, and a desire sprang up and grew within him to serve his Creator and Re- deemer. To qualify himself for the work, he eagerly embraced the ad- vantages of the common school, and at the age of nineteen years he began, a classical course at an academy in Tennessee, where he remained three years and then entered the Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio. From, this institution he graduated in 1831. He then became a student of theology and entered a theological seminary at Allegheny, Penn., and after completing the course there he was licensed to preach the Gospel by the First Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church at Xenia, Ohio. During the college course of Rev. Turner, he taught school during vaca- tions. In 1884, he married Miss Julia Ann Woodard, a native of War- ren County, Ohio, daughter of Lewis and Eliza Woodard. This union was blessed with thirteen children, and the following with their mother PERRY TOWNSHIP 611 yet survive: Martha E., Harriet A., Laura L., Clara M. , Ella A. and Anna A. After Kev. Turner was licensed to preach, he did much and faithful service in various churches in Ohio and Indiana, and in the fall of 1835 he received and accepted a call to the pastorate of the Blooming- ton Associated Reformed Church, and here on the 16th of June, 1836, he was ordained and installed in the pastorate of that congregation, and a relation formed which remained unbroken for thirty-three years, Here was the great work of his life, and this congregation is the memorial and proof of the extent and solidity of that work. It was his first and only charge. He found it few in number, weak and struggling; he left it strong and influential. With Rev. Turner it was the same as with tbe majority of the early-day ministers of the old Hoosier commonwealth; he was compelled to supplement his income by some secular industry, and he chose the farm, garden and nursery business, and at these he proved himself a complete master; still the ministry was his work. He allowed no secondary enterprise to interfere with his religious work. Rev. Tur- ner's physical constitution was robust, and the general health of his life good, but in 1858 he was attacked by severe ophthalmic disease, causing great suffering, and disqualifying him for his work for three years. He gained no relief from home treatment and sought a specialist at Cincin- nati, Ohio, obtaining relief, but only partial recovery. He continued to preach until 1869, when the infirmities of old age had so grown on him that he could no longer minister to so large a congregation and his resig- nation was accepted, but even after this he continued to aid in the church when occasion demanded. Rev. Turner continued to superintend his sec- ular interests with his usual skill for fourteen years, adding to his former industries bee culture. On Sabbath, August 5, 1883, he was in his ac- customed place in church and taught a class in Sabbath school, and on the following day, while at the office of Dr. Weir, his son-in-law, in Bloomington, he died, and by his death Monroe County lost one of its best and most influential men, tlie church one of its most brilliant lights, the family a devoted husband and kind father. He was a Republican, a zealous anti-slavery advocate, and was highly esteemed and much lauded wherever known. His children were liberally educated. One of tne daugh- ters married Hon. Franklin Landers, of Indianapolis; one. Dr. Weir, of Bloomington; one is the wife of Rev. Foster, of Cincinnati. The widow of Rev. Turner still resides on the old homestead near Bloomington. Mrs. Turner has reached the alloted threescore and ten. The home farm is now successfully superintended by Miss Clara M. Turner, a most amiable lady. WILLIAM WEIMER was born June 10, 1825, in Indiana County, Penn. ; fhe is the son of Adam and Nancy (Shanks) Weimer, and is of Scotch-Irish extraction, His parents were also born in Pennsylvania. His paternal grandfather was Andrew Weimer, a native of the German Empire, and, in company with two brothers, came to America when a young man and made settlement in Pennsylvania, where his death occurred. When the subject of this biography was about ten years of age, he re- moved with his parents from his native State to what is now Noble County, Ohio, where he was married in 1850 to Miss Margaret J. McCon- nell, a native of Guernsey County, Ohio. To this union children were born as hero undernamed: George, Mathew L. (deceased), Mary J., William E., Helen Morton and Eliza. Mrs. Weimer died in Blooming- ton, Ind., in March, 1876. Mr. Weimer was married the next year to Miss 612 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : Sarah A. Kelly, one of the pioneer ladies of Monroe County. In 1857, our subject came to Monroe County and purchased what is known as the Abram Pauley farm. Mr. Weimer now owns 235 acres of good land, and as a farmer he is successful. Formerly, our subject was an Abolitionist, then became a Eepublican and is now a Nationalist. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., Bloomington Lodge, No. 166. Mr. and Mrs. Weimer are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are among the prominent people of Perry Township. In 1873, the family removed to its present place of residence. EEDldK M. WYLIE, ex-County Commissioner, is a native of Bloomington, Monroe County, Ind., was born May 22, 1831; is the son of Prof. Andrew and Margaret (Ritchie) Wylie; is the tenth in a family of twelve children, and is of Scotch-Irish lineage. The father of Mr. Wylie,' was born in Pennsylvania in 1789, and his mother was of the same nativity, born in 1791. When quite a young man, his father was elected President of Jefferson College in Washington County in his native State. In 1829, the Wylie family emigrated to Monroe County and made settlement in Bloomington.* The father of Mr. Wylie was the first President of what was then Bloomington College. At the time of his death, which occurred in November, 1851, he was president of the Indi- ana State University. The Wylie Family was first known in Ireland. The early life of the subject of this sketch was spent in attending school and serving his father. In 1847, he entered the Indiana State University, and graduated from that institution in 1851. On the account of the death of his father about this time, Mr. Wylie assumed control of the home and assisted in educating a younger brother and sister. His marriage took place in 1870 to Miss Madaline A. Thompson, a native of Mt. Vernon, 111. To this union have been four children — Jane T., Red- ick A., Francis B. and Madaline E. In 1861, Mr. Wylie settled where he now resides. He has 440 acres of well-improved land. Politically, Mr. Wylie is a Republican. He was elected County Commissioner of Monroe County in 1874, and served one term. Mr. Wylie is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and Mrs. Wylie is a member of the Episco- pal Church. He is one of the pioneer men of Monroe County and one of its leading citizens. As a farmer, he has been successful. He also has a half interest in the McCalla store in Bloomington. BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP. WILLIAM BENNIE was born in Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, on December 17, 1849, and is the first of six children born to Thomas and Mary (Biggse) Bennie, who were born in the North of England. Our subject was reared in New Castle, and worked in the coal mines of England. He immigrated to the United States in the year 1870, landing in New York City, and immediately went to Greencastle, Ind., and worked as a stone cutter. In August, 1870, he came to EUetts villa, Monroe County, and has remained here ever since, working at his trade of stone-cutter. He owns forty acres of good land, under a high state of cultivation, with a comfortable house and good orchard. He accumu- BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP. ' ' 613 lated his properly through his own exertions and industry. His educa- tion is limited, as, while in his native England, he only acquired the rudiments. He is the only member of his family resident of this country. On October 27, 1871, he was married to Wilmina Schultze, a native of Prussia, but a resident of Monroe County. Six children have been born to them, viz., Thomas William, (Charles, Mary Jane, Emery, Albert Q. and Gusta. He is a member of A., F. & A. M. , No. 245, Bllettsville. In politics, he is an active Democrat. MATHIAS BERRY, farmer, was born April 22, 1820, in Lincoln County, N. C, and is the second of eleven children born to John and Charity (Rader) Berry, natives of North Carolina, and of German descent. Mathias was reared on a farm, and received a passable education, attend- ing school when not employed about the farm. In 1833, he came with his parents to this township, where his father entered land. On Decem- ber 26, 1850, Mr. Berry was married to Mary E., of Putnam County, Ind,, and a daughter of Stephen and Nancy (Parish) Bell, natives of Tennessee and Kentucky respectively. By this union Mr. Berry had born to him ten children — Margaret O. (now Mrs. J. K. Smith), James W. (deceased), John Stephen (deceased), William Alex (deceased), Nancy Charity (deceased), Hamilton L., Melissa E., Louisa J., Emma Ann and Richard R. (deceased). Mr. Berry owns eighty acres of land, well cultivated, stocked and improved by a comfortable residence, barn, etc., and also a fine orchard. He is the possessor of a fine stone quamry, containing marble which may be polished to an extent almost equal to • that of New England marble. This is used for monumental purposes, and is shipped to various parts of the country. That which is softest is used for building purposes, and it is of the best quality found in the State. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has been Constable of his township for three terms, and is a Demo- crat. He enjoys good health, and it is to be hoped will enjoy many more years of usefulness. For ten years ho followed flat-boating from Gos- port to New Orleans. DAVID P. BURTON, a farmer and stock-raiser of this county, was born December 28, 1848, in Baker Township, Morgan County, Ind. , and is the first of two children born to J. E. and Cynthia A. (Buskirk) Bur- ton, natives of this township and of German lineage. David P. was reared on a farm, and received a fair education at the public schools, also attending the graded school and the university at Bloomington, each two years. On December 14, 1870, Mr. Burton married Mattie C, a native of Morgan County, and a daughter of Patterson B. and Mariah A. (Sparks) McCoy. The couple have two children — Fred W. and Charles Mc. Mr. Burton owns 160 acres of land in a good state of cultivation, stocked abundantly, and which has a fine residence, barn and outbuildings, besides a young orchard. Mr. Burton started in life with 1500, and what he possesses besides has been accumulated by his persevering industry. He and wife belong to the M. P. Church. He has always given to benevolent and charitable enterprises with a liberal hand. In 1882, Mr. Burton was elected County Commissioner. In po- litical fields he has always been under the Republican colors. He was one of the first to settle in Bean Blossom Township. JOSEPH L. BUSIQRK, a farmer and stock-raiser, was born Feb- ruary 6, 1860, in Bean Blossom Township, and is a son of Isaac and Nancy (McCoy) Buskirk, natives of this township and of Martinsville, 614 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Morgan County, Ind., and of Scotch- Irish descent respectively. Joseph L. attended school when not employed about his father's farm, and also attended the Preparatory Department at Bloomington University. On April 14, 1881, Mr. Buskirk married Laura Walker, of Monroe County, and daughter of Dr. Ware S. and Eliza (Hite) Walker, natives of Ken- tucky and of,.Scotch origin. By this marriage there is one child — Chios. Mr. Buskirk possesses 130 acres of land, cultivated and embellished with a good residence and outbuildings and with the addition of a good orchard. This place was inherited from his father's estate. Our sub- ject has had excellent success since starting for himself. In politics, Mr. Buskirk is an active young Republican. WILLIAM A. CLINE, stock-raiser and farmer of this county, was born May 10, 184.0, in this township, having been the first of three chil- dren of Valentine and Catherine (Summit) Cline, natives of North Caro- lina and Indiana respectively, and of German-English and German de- scent. William A. was reared on a farm, and received some instruction at the schools of the neighborhood. Mr. Cline married Nancy Jane, daughter of Levi and Mary Jane (Shilburn) Kean, natives of Kentucky, and of English lineage. By this union there were three children — Mary, Catharine (McHenry), Miuter V. and William Henry. The parents be- long to the Baptist Church. Mr. Cline owns ninety- three acres of land, cultivated, and ornamented with a good residence and outbuildings, and a flourishing young orchard. He is a good farmer, and by his persever- ance has accomplished a great deal in the way of ascending the ladder of success in life. He is a Democrat, and in the way of charity is not backward in doing his duty. VALENTINE CLINE, an old settler of Monroe County, who is en- terprising in his business of farming and stock-raising, was born about 1812, in Lincoln County, N. C. , and is the second of ten children born to Philip and Elizabeth (Abbenatha) Cline, natives of North Carolina, and of German and English descent respectively. Valentine was reared on a farm, and attended school but one month in his life. In about 1829 or 1830, he came to Indiana, locating first at Chambersville, Owen County, where he lived about four years. He then removed to the river bottom, stayed a short time, when he returned to his first place of residence. Mr. Cline remained here four years, and during this time married, on March 13, 1839, Catherine, daughter of Christian and Betsey (Master) Summit, of Monroe County. He then went near Ellettsville; remained two years; then near his present residence; then to Owen County, for two years, and finally came to the place on which he now lives. Mr, and Mrs. Cline have three children — William Alexander, Rufus Oliver and Anna Catha- rine (Taylor). Mr. Cline owns 146 acres of land, under good cultivation, with a good residence, barn and outbuildings. After his children's marriage, he presented them with 213 acres of land. Mr. Cline began his life's journey by working for $8 per month, but by his unceasing in- dustry has been able to earn this fine home farm. His wife and children belong to the'Baptist Church. He is a Democrat, and from his strength and activity, it is hoped he will long be with a community who .greatly honor and respect him. He has reared two of his grandchildren — Amanda and William Wilson. PETER (30WDEN, one of Monroe County's old settlers, and an enter- prising farmer, was born in Wythe County, Va., on April 7, 1820, and is the fifth of the eleven children born to James and Barbara (Etter) Cowden, BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP. 615 Tirginians, of Irish and German descent respectively. Peter was brought up on a farm, attending common schools in winter, when not engaged in farm labor. When he had attained the age of eighteen, being ambitious, he began to farm independently. In about the year 1833, Mr. James Cowden and his son came to Indiana, settling in Bean Blossom Town- ship. Here he lived one year; then returned to Virginia and lived in that State for six years. In 1840, he again came to this county, where he remained about nine years. In 1849, Mr. Cowden went to Illinois, locat- ing in McLean County, and farming for three years. Then he came again to Monroe County, first worked by the month, and then farmed for himself. On April 4, 1856, Mr. Cowden married Susan, daughter of Ed- ward and Susan (Ridge) Raney, Kentuekians, of Irish and Swedish origin. To this marriage were given four children, of whom two are living — Jennie Florence and Benton Howard. Mr. Cowden possesses 170 acres of land, which he has labored perseveringly to raise to its present improved state. This farm is finished with a convenient residence, and a roomy barn and out-buildingB. His wife and daughter are members of the Christian Church. He is a Democrat. From his hard work and energy, Mr. Cow- den well deserves to enjoy peacefully, on his fine place, his declining years. JAMES S. GENTRY, an old settler, as well as an enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of this county, was born on January 9, 1813, in Kentucky, and is the second of three children given to Elijah and Elizabeth (Ware) Gentry, natives of Tennessee and Virginia, and of English and Scotch origin, respectively. James S. was reared on a farm, attended school in Indiana about eleven months, and so learned to read and cipher. His parents brought him into Indiana in 1816, and settled in Harrison County. About 1817, his father died, and his mother moved, first to Lost River, Orange County, in 1822, and then to Morgan County, and, about 1838 or 1839, James S. entered eighty acres of land, where he now lives, and to which he has added, until the number of acres amounts to 253, all cultivated, with residence, out-buildings and orchard. On February 8, 1838, Mr. Gentry married Eliza, daughter of Joseph and Mary (Graham) Campbell, of Monroe County. Her parents came here in 1818, and her mother drew a silver medal for being the oldest settler represented at the the old-settlers' meeting, August 9, 1883. By this union, Mr. Gentry had the following children: William C, Lemuel K. (deceased), Norman J., Mary J. (Cosner), Joseph P., James M., David D. and Thomas H. Two of Mr. Gentry's sons, William C. and Lemuel K., were in the late war. Mr. Gentry was a member, formerly, of the I. O. O. F. and of the Grange. He and wife are members of the M. P. Church, and are very benevolent indisposition. He served on the Board of Trustees five years, and in 1859, was elected, when the law was changed, and served until 1873. In the spring of 1878, he was again elected for a term of two years. He is a Democrat. In forty years, Mr. Gentry has not lost three days of time on account of illness. He lives in a house, a part of the lumber in the building of which was made by his hands in 1837, being sawed out with a whip-saw, and he has worked with a whip- saw for a month at a time, for 50 cents per day, thinking this large pay. In using this saw, two men could saw 400 feet of lumber per day. Mr. Gentry built rafts at Mt. Tabor at an early day, and labored thus, until the construction of the New Albany Railroad, at which time rafting ceased. 616 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHI8: R. M. GEEER, M, D., was born October 3, 1851, in Troup County, Ga., and is the seventh of eleven children, nine now living, born to Young and Eliza Victoria (Darnell) Greer, natives of Virginia and of Scotch-Irish and French extraction. It. M. was reared on a farm, and his advantages for an education were small, as he was in the South dur- ing the war, and little attention was paid there to learning. He went to school soon after the war was over, at Davisville, Calhoun Co., Ala., also attending Carrollton College for about nine months. He afterward spent some time at Louisville Medical College, and two terms at the Louisville University. In the year 1870, our subject moved with his parents into Calhoun County, Ala., where the family remained two years. R. M. Greer went to Fayette, Chambers Co., Ala., in the year 1870, thence to Monroe County, Ind. , about 1872, settling in Stinesville, where he was employed in stone quarries aboat three years, after which he began the study of medicine with Dr. Smith, of Gosport, Owen Co., Ind. He fin- ished his course in the College of Medicine, practiced there, at Gosport, for one year, and then located in Stinesville, where he has met with excellent success in his profession. In 1883, Dr. Greer opened a drug store in the village. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and during his school days was associated with Charles Hill, son of Senator Hill, of Georgia. WILLIAM HEDEICK, one of Monroe County's leading farmers and stock-raisers, was born on February 4, 1832, and is the second of eleven children of Conrad and Mary A. (White) Hedrick, natives of North Carolina, and of German and English descent respectively. Will- iam was reared on a farm, and attended common schools in the winter, when not engaged in the duties incident to farm life. He was married on February 9, 1861, to Brunette P. Ground, a native of Monroe County, and daughter of Henry Ground. They have had born to them seven children, six boys and one girl, viz., James W. , Samuel E., Florence I., William A., Elijah E., Charles E. and Henry G. Mr. Hedrick is the owner of 250 acres of land in a good state of cultivation, well-stocked, and embellished with a fine residence, barn and out-buildings, and an orchard of choice fruit. He commenced life with nothing, but has been very successful in his accumulations, and is the possessor of as fine a home as any in his township. He is entirely free from indebtedness, and takes great interest in the education of his children. He is esteemed in his community as an honorable and upright citizen. Politically, he is an active Democrat. William HOADLEY, jr., was born in Yorkshire, England, Janu- ary 27, 1825, and is the fourth of five children born to William and Elizabeth (Hopwood) Hoadley. W^illiam, Jr., came to the United States in 1842, and in 1846 the family returned to England and settled in Leeds. They carried back with them a planing-mill and machinery for making buckets, about the first of the kind ever introduced into En- gland. Owing to the hostility felt there against American improvements, their enterprise did not succeed, and in 1848, William and his brother John returned to the United States. After their return, buckets were introduced and fortunes made by many out of them. Mr. Hoadley lived in New Albany, and was employed in the steamboat shops until 1855, when he moved to Mt. Tabor, Monroe Co., Ind. Here, in company with his brother, he purchased a flour mill, and also a saw mill, which Mr. William Hoadley still owns, and manufactures as good flour as any in BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP. 617 the country. In 1876, he and his brother divided the property, John taking the saw mill and he retaining the grist, and in 1878, William purchased his brother's mill, and is now sole proprietor. On August 27, 1856, he married Phebe, a native of this county and a daughter of Reu- ben and Margaret (Buck) Staley, of German descent. By this union there were seven children — William, Edwin. Margaret A. (Goss), Cyrus, Sylvester, Claudius and Thomas (deceased). Mr. Hoadley was well edu- cated, attending private, and also East Witton School in England. His son William has taught five years in the township, and is well thought of. Mr. Hoadley was formerly a Republican, but is now a Democrat. In life he has always been " lucky," as the saying is. JOHN W. HOUSTON, an enterprising farmer and stock-raiser, was born October 18, 1848, in this township, and is the youngest of the eight children of Joseph and Lucinda (Putnam) Houston, natives of Kentucky, and of English descent. John W. was reared upon a farm, and educated during the winter months, when farm work was dull. On December 21, 1871, Mr. Houston married Martha, daughter of John and Eliza (Johnson) Gilman, natives of Kentucky, and of German and English descent. By this marriage there were six children — Amanda, Lewis W., Cassandra M. , Florence Ida, Walter T. and Purnel J. Mr. Houston owns ninety- nine acres of land, well cultivated, with a comfortable frame dwelling, barn and out-buildings, supplemented by a thrifty orchard. Mrs. Hous- ton belongs to the Christian Church. Mr. Houston's parents came to Monroe County in 1834, and settled on the farm where he now lives, and which his father had improved. Lucinda Putnam and her parents came to Monroe County from Kentucky in 1823. Mr. Joseph Putnam bought the farm which our subject now owns, in about the year 1822. Thus Mr. Houston's grandparents were among the earliest settlers in the coun- ty. He is a Democrat. ALFRED LAYMON, farmer, was born December 26, 1846, in Shelby County, Ind., and is the seventh of twelve children, born to Alfred and Elizabeth (Randolph) Laymon, natives of Ohio. The father was of Ger- man descent, and the mother of the Virginian family of Randolphs, her great-grandmother being an Indian. Alfred was reared on a farm, and was taught at the public schools what time he was not otherwise engaged. On February 20, 1865, Mr. Laymon enlisted in Company G, Thirty- third Indiana Infantry, Col. Burton commanding, and joined the regi- ment at Raleigh, N. C. He participated at the grand review at Wash- ington, D. C, and was discharged there on June 20, while in hospital. Mr. Laymon owns 130 acres of land, cultivated, and which has a good house and out-buildings. He started with absolutely nothing, but his perseverance has worked wonders. He owns nineteen acres of land in Owen County, which was given him by Mr. Laymon, Sr. On November 21, 1867, Mr. Laymon married Tracy C, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Parks) Wampler, natives of North Carolina. Mrs. Lay- mon's parents are the oldest settlers of this county, having located here about 18] 7, near Bloomington. Mr. and Mrs. Laymon have three chil- dren — Rosa Etta, Joseph E. and Ollie E. He is a Democrat. WILLIAM C. LITTEN, an old settler and leading farmer and stock-raiser of Monroe County, was born in Bean Blossom Township January 30, 1828, and is the oldest of the nine children born to Gilbert and Lavina (Summitt) Litten, natives of North Carolina and of English and German descent. Gilbert descends from Lord Lytton. He came 618 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES- to this country in 1827, entered land, and settled in tbe place of Will- iam's birth, being one of the first settlers in the township. Onr sub- ject was reared on a farm, and was poorly educated. He first attended school at the house of Mrs. Philips, by whom the children were instructed. The principal things William C. learned were to read and cipher. In 1840, the family went into Washington Township, Owen County, our sub- ject accompanying them. They purchased 320 acres of land, which were sold in 1853, for |6,000, when they came to Bean Blossom Township, purchased 515 acres of land, where the father lived until his death in June, 1862, at the age of fifty-six, and where William C. Litten now lives. Mr. Litten was married on April 17, 1855, to Elizabeth, a native of this county, and a daughter of Lewis L. and Verlinda (Parks) Wal- den, natives of Kentucky and North Carolina respectively, and of En- glisL lineage. Mr. and Mrs. Litten have four children — Andrew J., Ella Florence (Miller), Rosa Bell and Louis P. Mr. Litten is the possessor of 245 acres of land, improved, stocked and well provided with buildings, with a fine old orchard, and also a young one. He is also supplied with all the necessary agricultural implements of the latest make. He has labored well for the property which he possesses, and given eeeh of his children fifty-five and sixty-seven acres. Mr. Litten began to make a clearing in the woods twice for himself and father each, and he has assisted materially in clearing up and developing the county. He is very charitable in disposition and is a Democrat. They belong to the Baptist Church., Mr. Litten has an iron constitution, has always enjoyed good health, and bids fair to live a number of years in a com- munity where he is a respected and valued citizen. W. H. McHENEY is the oldest of thirteen children of John and Eebeoca A. (Wilson) McHenry, the former of whom was born in the fort at Vincennes, Ind., during the Indian war of 1812. The grandfather, John McHenry, was engaged in the war of 1812, and participated in the battle of Tippecanoe. He went to Vincennes in the year 1811, and thence to Owen County immediately after peace was declared, and entered 160 acres of land, which he improved. Our subject was born oq April 19, 1838, near Stinesville, Monroe County. He was reared on a farm, and attended the ajmrnon schools when not engaged on the farm. At Frank- lin, Johnson County, he attended a Baptist college about eleven months, after which he taught school several terms. On May 3, 1858, he was married to Matilda, daughter of C. C. Wilson, of Monroe County. Mr. Wilson was of English descent. Mr. and Mrs. McHenry had bom to them four children, two living, viz. , John C. and Notra B. Our subject followed farming until he was twenty years of age, when he engaged in the saw milling business, which he followed four years in Illinois. He then went into the stone business, which he has followed more or less ever since. He was engaged in the mercantile business for seven or eight years after his marriage, in Stinesville; was Postmaster of Stinesville five years. In politics, he is a stanch Eepublican. WILLIAM M. MAY, an enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of this county, was born November 13, 1844, in Bloomington Township, this county, and is the second of ten children born to William R. and Eliza (Threslur) May, natives of Virginia, and of German descent. William M. was reared on a farm, and attended school part of the time. In No- vember, 1864, he enlisted in Company G, Forty-third Indiana Infantry, under Capt. Moss. He was located at Indianapolis on guard duty for a BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP. 619 time. Juae 14, 1865, he was discharged, and returned to farming, living with his father until his marriage. On November 29, 1866, Mr. May was wedded to Eliza A., daughter of William R. and Tabitha (Bverman) Coffey. She was born January 23, 1851, in Monroe County. By this union there were five children— William E., Rosa Ethel, Prank N., Mamie Elsie and Walter E. Mrs. May's parents were among the earliest settlers of the county. Mr. May is the possessor of 206 acres of land in a good state of cultivation, well stocked, and ornamented with a good residence, barn and out-buildings, and a fine orchard. With a start of $2,300 from his wife, he has established his farm, and home, worth about $6,000. Mr. May formerly belonged to the Sons of Temperance. They belong to the Christian Church, and are liberal in all charitable movements. He is a Republican- ANDREW W. REEVES, one of the county's pioneers and enterpris- ing farmers and stock-raisers, was born on April 30, 1808, in Fleming County, Ky. , and is the third of ten children born to Joseph and Susanna (Woods) Reeves, natives of Virginia and South Carolina respectively. Our subject came to Indiana with his parents, in 1818, and settled in Richland Township, Monroe County, where the father entered 160 acres of land, which he improved. This farm is in the southwest part of EUettsville. Our subject was reared on the farm, his limited education having been acquired at the subscription schools of that day. On March 22, 1832, he was married to Sallie Ann McDonald, a native of Mason County, Ky. , and daughter of William and Ruth (McPadden) McDonald. Five children .have been born to them, viz. : Elizabeth A. (deceased), William McD., Joseph H. (died in the army), John A., Mattie E. (Deem). Mr. Reeves was four years a Trustee of Richland Township; was also a School" Trustee of EUettsville. He was elected Sheriff of Monroe County for two consecutive terms — from 1856 to 1860. In the autumn of 1872, he was elected a Representative to the Legislature from his county, at- tending the regular session during Gov. Hendricks' administration, and a special session during Gov. Baker's. He also held the office of Justice of the Peace while a resident of Owen, of which county he was formerly a resident twenty-one years. He owns 360 acres of good land, well im- proved; 120 acres of this land lie in Richland Township. About two years ago, he lost by fire a fine property in EUettsville, since which time he has resided on his farm in Bean Blossom Township. He and his wife have been members of the Christian Church for over forty years, and are liberal givers to charitable enterprises. In polities, he is an active and uncompromising Republican. In his community, he is much respected and highly esteemed as an upright citizen. WILLIAM RIDGE, one of Monroe County's pioneers and enterpris- ing farmers and stock-raisers, was born^on January 8, 1821, in Martin County, Ind., and is the third of eight children born to Benjamin and Henrietta (Staten) Ridge, natives of Maryland and Kentucky respect- ively. Our subject was reared to a farmer's life, and his limited educa- tion was acquired from a subscription school which he attended in the winter when not engaged on the farm. He came to Monroe County about the year 1824, with his parents, and settled in Indian Creek Town- ship, remaining here about six years ; thence to Richland Township; thence to Bloomington Township, where his parents resided until their death. On January 27, 1856, our subject was married to Margaret Whisnand, a native of Monroe County, and daughter of William and 39 620 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Elizabeth (Wolf) Whisnand, natives of Virginia and TennesBee respect- ively. They have had born to them two children, viz. : Laura A. (Akin), Elizabeth Ella. He has taken great interest in giving his children a first class education. They attended the high school at Bloomington, Elizabeth graduating from that institution, and is now a successful teacher in the schools of the county. Mr. Ridge is the owner of 280 acres of good land, well improved and stocked, and occupies an elegant residence. It may be said of Mr. Eidge that he is " the architect of his own fortune." He has given his married daughter about 17,000. In pol- itics Mr. Ridge is one of the active Republicans of the tovsTiship. His wife is a consistent member of the Christian Church. WILLIAM STALEY, farmer and stock-raiser of this county, was born April 10, 1837, in Virginia, and is the sixth of seven children bom to Reuben and Margaret (Buck) Staley, natives of Virginia and of Ger- man ancestry. William was reared on a farm, and attended subscription schools when not farming. In 1837 he was brought into Monroe County by his parents, who located in Bean Blossom Township, and in 1840, they went to Mt. Tabor, where William has resided ever since. In July, 1862, he enlisted in Company- B, ^ixty-seventh Indiana Infantry. He took part in the battle of Munf ordville, Ky. , where he was captured, paroled and sent to Indianapolis. He was exchanged in ninety days, and, be- coming disabled, was discharged from the service December 27, 186^. Mr. Staley returned home and engaged in farming and the lumber busi- ness, and the latter he has followed more or less since 1868, farming at the same time. He owns 200 acres of land well cultivated. He started with nothing, having purchased a horse on time, and since has been very successful. On January 19, 1872, Mr. Staley married Emily J., of Mon- roe County, a daughter of Dr. S. H. and Margaret (Brown) Flood, and of Scotch-Irish descent. Three children have resulted from this mar- riage — Sanford, Oliver F. (deceased) and Margaret I. Mr. Staley be- longs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was appointed Justice of the Peace two terms, and, in 1880, resigned and accopted the position of Census Enumerator for his township. He is a Republican, and at pres- ent one of the Central Committee of the county. REV. GEORGE W. TERRY, a prominent citizen, was born Decem- ber 6, 1825, in Richmond, Va. , and is the fourth of eight children born to Thomas and Elizabeth Terry, natives of Hanover and Greenbrier Counties, Va., and of French-Saxon and Irish-French-Saxon descent. George W. was reared on a farm in Greenbrier County, and when fif- teen years old he went with his parents to Muhlenburg County, Ky. , and there they engaged in farming until the father's deaSi. George W. attended school when not employed upon the farm, and on December 21, 1847, was married to Nancy A., daughter of John and Minerva (Weir) Shelton, of that county. By this union there were nine children — Ruth Ann (Mosier), Melissa Jane (Jackson), William A., George T., John C, Charles (deceased), Ida May, Edward F. and Robert C. Mr. Terry fol- lowed the trade of silversmith after his marriage until 1862, in the meantime studying for the ministry nights. He enlisted September, 1862, in Company B, Ninety-seventh Indiana Infantry, and was soon ap- pointed Chaplain. He was with the regiment in all its engagements, ex- cept when in hospital, and took part in the following battles': Jackson, Miss., second Missionary Ridge, Tenn., Resaca, Dalton, Little Kenesaw Mountain, Big Kenesaw Mountain, Decatur, Ga., Atlanta, second Atlanta^ BEAN BLOSSOM TOWNSHIP. 621 Griswoldville, Ga., Savannah, Ga., and Bentonville, N. C. From ex- posure, Mr. Terry became subject to rheumatism, and was confined at hospital at Memphis one week, and two weeks at the field hospital in Marietta. But he preferred to be with his comrades, and so followed his regiment on crutches, or with a cane, from January, 1863, to the close of the war. In 1864, Mr. Terry came home on leave of absence, and so far recovered as to be able to leave bis crutches and use a cane. He then returned to his regiment, to which he was greatly attached. He took part in the grand review at "Washington, D. C, and on June 15, 1865, was discharged, and returned to his family on the farm he now oc- cupies. He came to Indiana in 1857, and settled at New Albany, where he staid two years, engaged at his trade. He then went to Gosport, Owen Co., Ind. ; worked at his trade, and preached every Saturday and Sunday. Mr. Terry lived there until 1862, when he joined the army, and his fam- • ily moved to near Stinesville, where his wife purchased a farm of seven- ty-seven acres, on which they now reside. In 1866, he attended a theo- logical institute at Chicago for two months, one month at Clayton, Hen- dricks County, and one month at Terre Haute, Ind. He also studied with several theological professors. Since leaving the army. Rev. Mr. Terry has been engaged wholly in his ministerial duties in the Baptist com- munion. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, and is a Democrat. His grandfather was in the war of the Revolution, and at the siege of Yorktown received, a wound which resulted in his death. His father, Thomas Terry, was a soldier of the war of 1812, and participated in the battle of Craney Island, Va. Mr. Terry volunteered his services during the Mexican war, but peace was declared before he went into the field. He has served his association as Moderator of Township Association for fourteen years, and in twenty years has preached 5, 300 sermons. DAVID VAN BUSKIRK, farmer and stock-raiser, was' born upon the farm he now occupies November 23, 1826, and is the eldest of ten chil- dren born to James and Mariah (Campbell) Van Buskirk, natives of Ohio and Tennessee, and of German and Scotch-Irish descent respectively. David was reared on a farm, was fairly educated, and on March 16, 1849, married Lucy Ann, daughter of Isaac and Patience (Still well) Buskirk, of German lineage. Mr. Van Buskirk, by this marriage had six children born to him— -D. C, J. I., Cinthy (Ridge), John, Thomas and Gety. He lost his wife March 16, 1866. He was next married, May 26, 1867, to Mrs. Martha Able, of Monroe County, and daughter of Madison and Sarah (Wilborn) Stephenson. They had born to them two children — Michel (deceased) and Mariah Ann. Mrs. Van B. died February 22, 1873, and our subject took for his third wife, October 26, 1874, Mary Able, sister of the second wife. He enlisted in July, 1861, in Company F, Twenty seventh Indiana Infantry, under Capt. Peter Clapp and Col. Silas Colgrove. He was engaged first in the first battle of Winchester, where he was taken prisoner, being confined for about three months. He was finally sent to Annapolis, Md., exchanged, and next took part in the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, besides numerous skirmishes. He went out as Second Lieutenant, but his Captain was killed during his imprisonment, and he received an appointment as First Lieutenant, and after the battle of Antietam was made Captain. In the fall of 1862, his command was transferred to Gen. Thomas' division, and on April 26, 1864, he resigned on account of disability and returned to farming. la 1866-68, he was elected County Treasurer of Monroe County, on the Re- 622 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: publican ticket, but was defeated in a struggle for State Treasurer m 1876. He has not since made any attempt to secure office- Mr. Van Buskirk owns 450 acres of land on White River bottom, highly cultiva,ted, wffll stocked, and which has the addition of a fine residence, outbuildings and orchard, and is one of our oldest settlers, having always lived here. He has provided handsomely for all his children, and has taken great interest in their education, having given them all courses at college. He enjoyed good health until he left the army, since which time he has been affected with rheumatism. Mr. Yan Buskirk is the largest and tall- est man in the county, and one of the largest in the State. He weighs 390 pounds, and stands six feet ten inches in his stockings. He is a Republican, and is very benevolent. Mr. Van B.'s grandfather, Isaac Van Buskirk, was a soldier of the Revolution, and his uncle, John Van Bus- kirk, served in the war of 1812, having been wounded at the battle of Tippecanoe. Isaac, son of John Van Buskirk, served in the Mexican war, and in the late rebellion. He was killed at the battle of Ohancel- lorsville, at the time being a Lieutenant. The wives of the above men- tioned soldiers are all sleeping peacefully in the family graveyard on David Van Buskirk's place. This burying-ground is located on a hill east of the house, and from the spot you may command a view of the en- tire country. LEWIS W. WALDEN was born in Bean Blossom Township, Monroe County, on November 27, 1830, is one of the oldest living native-born citi- zens in the township, and is the fifth of ten children born to Lewis L. and Virlincha (Parks) Walden, the father a native of Kentucky, the mother of North Carolina. Our subject was reared on a farm, his early advantages of an education having been very poor. He was married, in August, 1853, to Eliza Ann Owens, of Lawrence County,Ind. , daughter of John Owens. One child has been Ijorn to them — Ruth R. (now Hed- rick). Mrs. Walden died on January 12, 1860, and he was next married, in 1861, to Frances Reynolds, of Monroe County, Ind. Six children have been born to this union — Charles W. (deceased), Samuel B., Anna E., Jesse E., Daisy E. and Lewis E. For five years our subject lived in Owen County, engaged in farming and bricklaying, returning to Monroe County in January, 1860, and working his father's farm for two years. He then purchased of his father ninety-one acres, moved on it, and lived there eight years. He then exchanged this property for a flour mill at Stinesville, ran the mill about five years, then lost the property as a result of going security foi' other parties, and other debts. He then purchased forty acres of land west of Stinesville, and opened up a stone quarry, now known as and operated by the Terre Haute Stone Company. This he afterward sold, and purchased eighty acres of land where he now lives, on which he has an excellent marble quarry. He ships marble to all parts of the country. The quarry also yields the softer stones of good quality. He has had good success in whatever he has undertaken in life, and his property is the result of indefatigable industry and rigid economy. Mr. Walden is a much respected citizen in the community in which he resides. He is politically a stanch Democrat, and has held the office of Justice of the Peace, once by appointment, and one term by election. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and was a member of the Grange in its day. He and his wife are both members of the Baptist Church. RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 623 RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. JAMES A. BAKER, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Clarke County, Ind., August 20, 1824, and is the eldest of the family of nine children of Jesse and Sarah (JEtobertson) Baker, natives respectively of South Carolina and Virginia. Jesse Baker v?as orphaned when seven years old, and went to live with an uncle, with whom, in 1815, he came to and settled in Clarke County, there married, farmed on leased land until 1831, when he purchased land, cand remained thereon until 1848, at which time he purchased a saw and grist mill near Utica, managed the same until 1854, and afterward farmed until his death in 1876, aged seventy-eight years, his wife having preceded him in 1866. He was a Democrat, and a member of the Christian Church. James A. Baker worked for his father and attended school, but obtained the major part of his education by after-study. In 1846, he enlisted in Company I, Third Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry; recruited for the war against Mexico, in which he served one year, and took part at Buena Vista. After returning, he engaged in milling with bis father, and in 1854 pur- chased land, farmed until 1857, after which he bought land near Utica, and August, 1865, located at his present home, comprising 225 acres of good grass and farm land. Mr. Baker is a hard-working man, and for thirty years combined his trade of carpentering with farming and stock-dealing. January 28, 1851, he married Margaret A. Littell, with an issue of six children — Jesse T., Eeuben A. (deceased), Sarah A., Charles B., Mary Luella and William P. (deceased). Mr. and Mrs. Baker are members of the Church of Christ. CHARLES A. BUNGER, farmer, is the son of Jacob and Mary (Camper) Bunger, both natives of Virginia, and re.spectively of German and English extraction. Jacob Bunger removed with his family to this county in an early day, and located in Van Buren Township, where he now lives, having been farmer, stage-driver and miller. He has been the father of eight children, four of whom are living — Charles, Sarah, Matilda and Willie. Charles was born in Greenbrier County, W. Va., September 20, 1845, and was reared to the vocation of a farmer. In early manhood, he was his father's only support, and was industrious and energetic. February 23, 1870, he married Miss Eliza- beth B. , daughter of William Kirby, a pioneer of this township. Shortly after his marriage, Mr. Bunger moved to where he now lives, which is an improved farm of 102 acres, on which he has built good buildings and made other improvements toward a commodious home. Mr. Bunger is a Republican, a Patron of Husbandry, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. G. W. BURKS is the eldest son of Floyd and Helen (Thompson) Burks, the former a native of Kentucky, the latter of Indiana, and respect- ively of Irish-English and German descent. Floyd Burks was a house- carpenter and farmer, who came to this county in early manhood, mar- ried and reared a family of ten children. The larger portion of his life was spent in Greene County, and he there redeemed from nature's wilds 624 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: a home and farm, in doing which he experienced the trials of a pioneer. He was a notorious hunter, a Republican and a member of the Church of Christ. He died June 10, 1878, aged sixty-three years. G. W. Burks was burn November 16, 1836, and was reared a farmer, and from the common Schools obtained a fair education. October 18, 1855, he mar- ried Miss Matilda H. Mayfleld, of this county, a union cemented by the birth of seven children, live of whom are living — Lauretta, Joseph W. , Ulyssus L. , Walter W. and Isaac E. Mr, Burks, soon after this event, commenced farming on the home place, and in 1857 located where he now is — a farm of much value and with many improvements, containing an area of fifty-seven acres. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a Republican in politics. Mr. Burks is a member of the Christian and Mrs. Burks of the Baptist Church. HON. DAVID BYERS, retired farmer, is a son of David and Eliza- beth Byers. natives of Pennsylvania and North Carolina. David Byers, Sr., located in Mason County, Ky.. having come down the Ohio River on a flat-boat about 1783. He married Miss Rachel Nesbit, and was father of five children. After her death in 1803, he married Mrs. Elizabeth (Ray) Turner, with an issue of three sons, and died in 1817, aged fifty- nine years. He was a superior man, both in mind and body. After his decease, Mrs. Byers came with her family to this county in 1827, and some time lived, and finally died, with our subject, in 1852, aged eighty-three years. Davfd Byers, Jr., was born June 20, 1806, in Nicholas County, Ky. , where he was trained to farming; he was studious and ambitious, and became a teacher after coming to this county, and as such a pioneer. In 1835, he located where he now resides, and created a home and farm from the wilds of nature. January 30, 1831, he married Miss Rachel Sanders, and to this union were bestowed nine children, only two of whom survived — Lafayette and Thomas, Jr. ; Mrs. Byers died June 21, 1874, Mr. Byers' second son, James K. P., was a soldier of the Fiftieth Indi- ana Regiment, and died in 1867. Mr. Byers was a Democrat until the Kansas troubles, when he became a Republican. He was Representative to the Legislature in 1840-41, and in 1844-45, having led the " Semi- nary " and "State University Re-organization " bills. He served as Justice of the Peace eight years, and as County Commissioner from 1830 to 1840 — the only one living that served under the old law. Since 1842, he has been an active worker in the Church of Christ. Lafayette Byers was born in this township January, 30, 1839, was reared a farmer and attended the common schools. He taught one term of school, and then embraced farming, now owning 146 acres, which he exchanged for 100 in Boone County, on which he located in 1880. October, 1869, he married Elvira L. McCoy, and he has six children, five living — Mary, John, Orange, Carl and Wilford. Mr. B, is a Republican, and he and wife belong to the Church of Christ. Thomas J. Byees was born where he now lives November 7, 1848, a son of the above. He was reared a farmer and acted as a teacher for years, in this State, Illinois and Iowa, but he has of late given atten- tion to farming. February 14, 1875, he married Sarah A. Stanger, with an issue of four children, three living— Norah F., George H. and Homer C. He and wife belong to the Christian Church. JOHN D. COFFEY, retired farmer, is a son of James and Hannah (AUoway) Coffey, natives of North Carolina, and respectively of Irish and English extraction. John D. was also born in North Carolina July KICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 625 8, 1821, whence, when he was eleven years old, his parents removea to this county and purchased a timbered tract near Ellettsville, in the clearing of which our subject took a full part, and remained with his parents until he was twenty-three years old, when he married his first wife, Mary A. Whisnand, and who died in 1846, leaving one son — James W. His second marriage took place December, 1848, the bride being Miss Mary A. Mayfield, who died May 2, 1873, leaving two sons — Will- iam E. and Anderson T. His third marriage was with Miss Mary J. Eidge, who died May 18, 1883. After his first marriage he leased twelve acres, and after his second marriage he purchased a small farm, where he resided until 1855, and two years later located near Ellettsville, im- proved land and lived until 1869, at which time he purchased part of his father's farm. In addition to a good farm, he has some village property, and has a comfortable living. Mr. Coffey is a member of the Masonic order and of the Baptist Church. JOHN S. CONSTABLE, stock-raiser and farmer, was born in Burke County, N. C, June 1, 1815, and is the eldest son of Peter and Susanna (Hilman) Constable, both natives of North Carolina, and respectively of Scotch-Irish and German descent. Both grandfathers of our subject were Eevolutionary soldiers. His father, Peter Constable, was a soldier of the war of 1812. He was a farmer, and in 1827 was killed by light- ning while at work. In 1832, the family emigrated to Indiana, settled near Ellettsville and rented a farm, in the government of which John S. Constable took active part and remained at home until he was twenty-- two, when he began to work for himself, making rails at 50 cents per day. February 7, 1836, he married to Miss Margaret James, of this county, born March 1, 1819. Six children were the result of this mar- riage — ^Mary, Sarah, James (of the Thirty-eighth Eegiment, who died of fever in Louisville, February, 1863), William H , Margaret and Carrie Bell. In 1838, Mr. Constable commenced farming on rented land, and on shares until 1868, when he was able to purchase 110 acres, of which seventy acres are under cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. Constable are mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church. W. C. DEAPEE, hardware and furniture dealer, was born May 16, 1850, and is a soq of Jesse and Eliza (Conduitt) Draper, natives respect- ively of North Carolina and Kentucky, and of English and French descent. He attended school regularly during boyhood, and graduated in the classical course when seventeen years old — the youngest alumnus of the State University. He located at Martinsville, and studied law for one year, which he abandoned afterward, and visited California, where he worked as a carpenter. On his return, he associated himself with the '' National Temperance Alliance" at Indianapolis, and after the death of his father — May 28, 1872 — came home to look up his father's estate, and then engaged in the lumber trade for a time. November 21, 1873, he married Miss Mary, daughter of L. W. Sanders, a union which has been cemented by four children — Clarence, Admilla, Beulah and Blaine. In January, 1882, he engaged in his present business, in which he has been very successful. Mr. Draper is a member of the I. O. O. F., and a licensed local minister of the Baptist denomination, of which his wife is a member. He is an influential and respected citizen. GEOEGE W. FAULKNEE is a son of Emanuel F. and Eebecca ^Coffey) Faulkner, natives respectively of North Carolina and Tennessee. He was born in this county May 23, 1832, whither his parents removed 626 BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES: in 1824. Being left motherless in childhood, and having'to labor with his father, he received but scant instruction in learning, and when of age worked as an engineer. In September, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Thirty- eighth Indiana Volunteers, which formed a part of the Curnber- land division, and was promoted by steps until he became Captain of said company in 1865, and left the service July 25 of that year, after participating in the great battles of the campaign. On coming to his home, he found employment in erecting various mills, and is an expert in matters of machinery. September 15, 1858, he married Miss Anna, daughter of Martin and Mary (Eice) Cornman, by which union they were favored with one son— Edward E. Mr. Faulkner is an uncompromising Eepubliean, a member of the honorable order of Freemasonry, and an esteemed citizen. Mrs. Faulkner is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JAMES W. FIGG, farmer, is a native of Shelby County, Ky., was bom March 19, 1835, and is one of the twelve in family born to Thomas and Eebecca Pigg, natives respectively of Kentucky and Virginia, and of German and English extraction. James Figg was reared a farmer's boy, and received some education from the subscription schools. At the age- of sixteen, he removed with his parents to EUettsville, and when of age began farming in the neighborhood, and in February, 1864, located where he now resides, his farm containing 180 acres — a valuable property and comfortable home. December 23, 1861, he married Mrs. Naomi (Will- iams) Reynolds. Six children succeeded to this union — Mary I., Lilla B.,. Ella J., Jennie M., Sarah and Norah. Mr. Figg is a liberal Democrat and a public-spirited citizen. He has made his own way unaided to com- fort and independence, and he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. GEOEGE W. FLETCHEE is a son of William and Mary (Dean) Fletcher, natives of Maryland and of English descent, who early moved to Owen County, and, in 1854, to Decatur County, 111., wliere Mrs. Fletcher died, whereupon Mr. Fletcher returned to Owen County, and died in 1868, aged seventy-three years, a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. Our subject was born in Eipley County, Ind. , January 8, 1834, was reared a farmer, and assisted his father until he was seven- teen, at which period he began working for himself by splitting rails. In 1854, he commenced as a carpenter, and since he moved to EUettsville, in 1859, has been engaged in contracting and building. In 1872, he built a planing mill, which he has since operated successfully. In 1861, he enlisted in the militia during the Morgan raid. January 2, 1855, he married Miss Melvina Knapp, who died in 1875, leaving two sons — Ed- win and Otis L. He wedded his second wife, Miss Lizzie Stimson, No- vember 20, 1876. Mr. Fletcher is an Odd Fellow, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. EoBBBT T. Stimson (deceased) was born November 29, 1823, and was reared in North Carolina, whither his parents moved after his birth. October 2, 1844, he married Nancy C. Johnson, and one week thereafter, they left for Indiana, located in Owen County, and there re- mained until 1853, when they settled near EUettsville, and engaged in farming; they subsequently moved into the town, whore Mr. Stimson died February 11, 1882, aged fifty-nine years. He was a worthy cit- izen, a Eepubliean, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and left two daughters — Sarah E. and Lizzie. Mrs. Stimson is yet living. RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 627 'THOMAS N. FOSTER, stock- raiser and farmer, is the second son of James and Rachel (Nesbit) Foster, natives of Kentucky, the former of Irish, the latter of Scotch extraction. Grandfather Nesbit, after the Rev- olutionary war, came down the Ohio to Maysville, on a flat-boat, and settled about thirty miles inland. James Foster was a farmer, who in 1835 located on Clear Creek, and in 1838 came to this township, where his son Thomas now resides. He was afterward killed instantly while at work; his wife survived him until 1876, and made her home with our subject. Thomas N. Foster was born in Nicholas County, Ky., April 29, 1820, and was there reared until he was fifteen years old, when he came with his parents to this county, and here has continued to reside. After his father' s decease, he took charge of the farm, and made a home for his mother. He afterward purchased the home farm, which he has continuously improved and cultivated. It comprises 172 acres, contains good house, good barns, and is profitably stocked. January 29, 1848, he married Miss Elizabeth Oram of this county. Four children graced this union — Mary L., Florence R., John T. and Dowe B. Mr. Foster is a liberal -spirited man, an esteemed citizen, and, as well as Mrs. Foster, a member of the Christian Church. C. O. FREEMAN, stock-raiser and farmer, was born January 15, 1829, and is the eldest living child of James and Margaret (Collier) Free- man, natives of North Carolina, the former of English, the latter of En- glish and German extraction. James Freeman emigrated to Owen County, Ind., in 1834, and from the native soil made a farm and a home. One year preceding his death, which occurred in 1871, at the age of sixty- seven, he went to reside with a daughter. Mrs. Freeman died September, 1879, aged seventy-two years. Mr. Freeman was a Democrat, and he and wife raised nine out of twelve children. Our subject was only five years of age when his parents moved to Owen County, at which place he passed his boyhood, and acquired the business of farming from his father. He had some advantages of education, and remained within the parental walls until he was a legal man, after which time he rented land and be- gan to do for himself. He afterward moved to Owen County, then to this county again, and purchased his present home in 1870, now com- prising upward of 200 acres, well improved, stocked, and constituting one of the township's best farms, the fruit wholly of his thrift and man- agement. August 25, 1850, he married Miss Rachel H., daughter of John Thompson, and a native of this county. To this union 'have been bestowed seven children, of which number four are living — John M. , James F., Cyrus J. and Mary A. Mr. Freeman is a liberal, conscientious man, politically a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the Cum- berland Presbyterian Church. JAMES COLEMAN FREEMAN, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of North Carolina, was born July 26. 1830, and is the third of the fam- ily of James and Margaret Freeman, who moved to Owen County, Ind. , whence our subject, after a few years, removed to Monroe County, and worked at farming, when but ten years of age. November 4, 1848, he married Miss Sallie Acuff, a native of Tennessee, and to this union were bestowed nine children, of which number five are living — Louisa A., Joseph M., Martha E., Rebecca D. and Rosaline. Mr. Freeman com- menced life in earnest by renting land, which he continued to cultivate for three years, when he purchased a small farm, and afterward sold the same, with a gain of $150. He then removed to Owen County, and pur- 628 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: chased 900 acres, lived five years thereon, and exchanged this for a por- tion of his present home, now aggregating 255 acres, all well improved, and having much under good cultivation. Mr. Freeman is identified with the Democratic party, and he and wife are worthy members of the Baptist Church. BENJAMIN HALL is a native of Richland Township, Monroe Co. , Ind.; was born October 1, 1826; is the son of F. V. and Polly (Noel) Hall; in a family of twelve children he is the seventh, and is of Irish German origin. The father of our subject was born in Kentucky, and his mother was of Virginia birth. His paternal grandfather was Francis Hall, a native of Scotland, who came to America prior to the Revolution. About the year 1820, his father came to Monroe County, and settled in Richland Township, where he died in 1854. Mr. Hall remained at home and worked for his father on the farm until his twenty-eighth year. In 1854, Mr. Hall was married to Miss Nancy Cox, a native of Owen County, Ind. By this lady he became the father of six children — Martha B., Allie A., Biddy P., Aurilla P., Morton M. and Edith E. Mrs. Hall died August 24, 1883, a consistent member of the Primitive Baptist Church. Mr. Hall settled on his farm in Richland Township in 1855. In the fall of 1882, he removed to Bloomington to educate his children. Politically, he is a Republican, and a member of the Primitive Baptist Church. He is an honorable man, and a highly respected citizen. By occupation, his life has been that of a farmer, and in which he has been successful. He has a well-improved farm in Richland Township. JESSE T. HAMILTON, farmer, is a native of Nicholas County, Ky., was born September 8, 1811, the eldest son of James P. and Mar- garet (Turner) Hamilton, natives respectively of Indiana and Ohio. James P. Hamilton came to Kentucky with his parents when seventeen years old, where he married, and farmed until 1837, when he removed to Decatur County, Ind., and closed his life in 1844, aged fifty-four, and his wife hers in 1855, aged sixty-three years. James T. Hamilton was given charge of the home farm when twelve years old, and remained in that position until his twenty-second year, when he began milling in Bourbon County, Ky., and superintended also a small farm. Later, he purchased a mill property near Lexington, which he managed for eighteen years. In 1864, becoming complicated in war troubles, he was compelled to leave Kentucky, and some time afterward purchased a flouring mill in Decatur County, Ind.; this he subsequently exchanged for a farm in Rush County, Ind., and three years later sold this with the purpose of removing to Southwest Missouri, but instead located on land in Shelby, and then in Boone County, until 1880, and thereafter exchanged the lat- ter farm for 146 acres, where he now lives. Mr. Hamilton has been twice married— first, March 29, 1835, to Miss Nancy Turner, of Kentucky, who died October 25, 1858, leaving three sons— J. Alexander, Robert A. and James W.; second, August 18, 1859, with Miss Martha Neal, of Ken- tucky; five children were born to this union — David M., James W., Frank B., Hulcea J. and Mary E. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. DR. JAMES M. HARRIS is a native of Jessamine County, Ky., was born October 19, 1819, and is the eldest of the seven children of Thomas and Elizabeth (McCarley) Harris, natives re- spectively of Virginia and North Carolina. Thomas Harris, in 1831, located near Smithville, and afterward near Spencer, where our sub- RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 629 ject passed his boyhood on the farm and in going to school. "When twenty years of age, he entered the office of Dr. S. P. Langdon, of Gosport; remained there two years doing some practice, and soon after located at BUettsville, where he was the only physician, and where ho built up a large business in his way. In 1865, he established a drug trade, which he continued several years before retiring to his farm, em- bracing 200 acres — a good property and commodious home. March 2, 1843, he married Miss Sarah, daughter of William and Polly Fletcher, and born August 6, 1823. Twelve children graced this union, six of whom are living — William T., John J., S. Emmet, James F., Hester A. and Lou Jessie. Dr. Harris is a Freemason, a Republican, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, an efficient Sunday school worker and temperance advocate. He has also held the office of Township Trustee for six successive years. In 1850, he established the first hotel in El- lettsville, and continued the same for two .years. Dr. Harris is a public- spirited and worthy citizen. Mrs. Harris adheres to the Presbyterian Church. W. T. HARKIS, hardware merchant, was born January 13, 1847, and is a son of Dr. J. M. Harris. His boyhood days were passed at school and on the farm. At the age of twenty years, he engaged in the tin shop, buying an interest with Mr. Edwards, to whom he afterward became successor, and which business he continued four years. In No- vember, 1871, he purchased a stock of mixed hardware from F. E. Worley, and afterward added stoves and the like. By tact for trade and attention to business, he has constantly increased his stock and taken the patronage of the town. July 29, 1870, he married Miss Martha, daughter of Robert Acuff, and born August 26, 1856. Mr. Acuff was a pioneer of the county. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Harris has been favored by the birth of two children — ^Harry G. and Beulah. Mr. Harris, politically, is -a Republican, and Mrs. Harris is a member of the religious denomination known as Christians. SAMUEL B. HARRIS is a native of Kentucky, was born June 16, 1823, and is the third of the seven children of Thomas Harris. Our sub- ject was brought to Owen County, Ind. , by his parents when seven years of age, whom he assisted on their farm until he became sixteen, when he went under apprenticeship to the blacksmith trade for three yedrs, after which he started a shop on his father's farm, and later traveled as a journeyman, and taught six terms of school. By these means, he saved sufficient to purchase a farm, and afterward engaged in business in El- letsville for seventeen years, and then erected a woolen mill. About 1864, he moved to Coles County, 111., where he built a saw and grist mill, and later returned to his old home and engaged in milling success- fully. September 10, 1846, he married Miss Endemile Chambers, a union favored with six children, of whom four survive — Mary E., John R., William B. and Perry Oliver. Mr. Harris is a consistent Free- mason, a Republican, and in religion a TJniversalist. He was instrumen- tal in establishing the first newspaper in the town, and which he passed to his son, who is now editor thereof. Mr. Harris is a prominent and esteemed citizen, and was for three years Postmaster at EUettsville. JOHN R. HARRIS, dealer in dry goods, notions, gents' furnishing goods, etc. , was born May 18, 1847, in this county, and is the eldest son of Samuel B. Harris. After attending school, he began clerking fdr his father when twelve years old, and assisted in the mill; and in Coles 630 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: County, 111., engaged with him in the milling business. On return- ing to this locality, he had charge of his father's mill until 1879, and when this was sold he came lo EUettsville, and engaged in mercantile trade with his brother. Perry O., under the firm name of Harris & Brother. In 1883, said firm was dissolved, and John E. became sole pro- prietor of the business. August 29, 1882, he married Miss Phebe, daughter of John Matthews, recently deceased, she having been born July 18, 1856. John R. Harris is one of the most successful and promis- ing business men of his years to be found. In politics, he is a Repub- lican, and an esteemed citizen and a worthy gentleman. Mrs. Harris is a member of the Baptist Church. RICE C. HARRIS, M. D. , is the youngest of the six children of Thomas and Elizabeth (McCarley) Harris. He was born in Owen County, Ind., November 15, 1834, and remained at home until he was fifteen years old, when the family moved to EUettsville, and he attended school for two years, and taught in 1851. In 1852, under his brother. Dr. J. M. Harris, he commenced to study medicine, and then taught for a period of years. March 5, 1853, he married Miss Rebecca Wood, of this county, who died October, 1854, and April 14, 1857, he wedded Miss Mary J. Knighton, by which marriage they had nine children, five of whom are living — Thomas B. , Rebecca W., William W., Oliver K. and Lizzie A. Dr. Harris attended lectures at Ann Arbor University in 1856-57, afterward engaged in practice with his brother one year, then moved to Coles County, 111. ; there practiced tour years, and removed to this town, where he has remained in successful pursuit of his pro- fession, both in surgery and medicine. Dr. Harris has of late years given attention to his farms, and is beside the owner of several dwell- ings and business houses. He is a Republican, and has served as Post- master for sixteen years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and Mrs. Harris is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. W. B. HARRIS, editor-in-chief of the Monroe County Citizen, is the son of S. B. and Endemile (Chambers) Harris, natives respectively of Kentucky and Indiana. He was born March 6, 1856, in EUettsville, Ind., where he passed his boyhood in going to school and working on a farm. In 1872, he entered the EUettsville iSfipttfeZicaw. ofiice, as a type-setter, for eighteen months, and then became editor for one year. Soon after this, he went to Indianapolis, and assisted in the office of the Herald. In 1875, he returned to EUettsville, managed the Sun, and afterward pub- lished the Owen County People, which he disposed of in 1881, and re- tired to a farm for a year, when he purchased the EUettsville News, and changed the name to the Monroe County Citizen, a popular and efficient journal, of Republican shade in politics. March 9, 1876, he married Miss Allie, daughter of Hiram Branton, and born November 30, 1856. This union gave issue to four children—Carl B., Edmund B., Kate H. and Henry B. Mr. Harris is a member of the I. O. O. F., and Mrs. Har- ris of the Methodist Episcopal Church. REV. W. H. JACKSON is a native of Brown County, Ohio, was bom December 29, 1815, and is the eldest child of Bernard and Elizabeth (Wisner) Jackson, the former a native of Virginia, the latter of Mary- land. Bernard Jackson was a carpenter and cabinet-maker, and moved from Virginia to Brown County, Ohio, shortly after the war of 1812, at that time the only mechanic in his section, and commanded the trade. He became owner of 670 acres, which made him well to do in his declin- RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 631 ing days. Until he was forty-three he was an Deist, but becoming converted from Bible reading, he lived thereafter a Christian life. He was a Democrat, and father of seventeen children. Kev. W. H. Jackson viras reared to the farming business, but obtained considerable education, and mainly from his own exertions in study. He remained at home until of age, and being a natural mechanic, took to building carriages and wagons, which business he abandoned for the ministry in 1848, although he had begun preaching in 1844. He was ordained by the Methodist Episcopal Conference in 1849, assigned to North Madison, and after various charges, was made Chaplain of the Fiftieth Indiana Regiment in 1861. In 1863, he was detailed as Post Chaplain in Kentucky, and later at La Grange, preaching hve sermons each Sabbath. In 1863, he returned and opened a drug store, then a dry goods store, and with which he has operated a saw mill. Later he purchased a flouring mill in EUettsville, which was destroyed by lire in 1883, causing $10,000 loss. November 24, 1837, he married Miss Jane Goldsborough, to which union were born ten children, five living — Sophronia E., Sarab, Wesleyanna J., William Jerome and James W. Mr. Jackson was a Democrat, but is now a Re- publican. He still preaches actively. He was a Notary Public for sixteen years, was admitted to the bar, and is an Odd Fellow, a temper- ance man, and belongs to the G. A. R. DAVID S. JOHNSON, farmer, is a son of David and Polly (Whited) Johnson, both natives of North Carolina, and of German and Irish ex- traction respectively. He was born February 23, 1829, the fourth of ten children, in Bartholomew County, Ind., his parents soon after moving to Lawrence County, where he was reared to the business of farming, and plainly educated. He remained at home until of mature age, when he began farming on rented land. September 2, 1852, he married Miss Eciily, daughter of John and Nancy Dunlevy. After marriage, Mr. Johnson moved to his father's farm, near Bedford, which he purchased in 1860, and where he lived for some time in a pioneer cabin. Thus he acquired a home, and in 1869 sold the same and located at EUettsville, and purchased sixty acres west of the town, which he improved, cultivated, and where he founded a good orchard. Mr. Johnson was an early- comer to this region, when Indians and game were more numerous than settlers. He is a Republican, and gave his first vote for Gen. Fremont. He is^a member of the Odd Fellow fraternity, and, he and his consort are honored members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. .rOEL BENJAMIN KIRBY, farmer, was born in the house in which he now lives May 16, 1849, and is the second of the family of nine born to William and M. A. Kirby, now of VanBuren Township. Joel was bred to the profession of farming, and when fifteen years old moved with his parents to Van Buren Township, where he grew to maturity and had common school advantages. When twenty-four years old, he purchased an interest in a grist mill, managed the same two years, then returned to farming, and purchased eighty acres, thus owning 117 acres. In 1881, he sold this land and bought that once used by his grandfather, and at this time possesses 140 acres, 120 of which are improved. Octo- ber 6, 1875, he married Miss Matilda H. , daughter of John and Margaret Dinsmore, and bom January 4, 1850. This union has resulted in four children— Margaret D., Sarah D., Elizabeth V. and Theophilus W. Mr. Kirby is a member of the venerable Masonic order, and is a Patron of Husbandry. He is a Republican in politics, and a greatly esteemed citi- zen. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 632 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: J. P. KNIGHTEN, retired farmer, is a native of Bloomington, was born December 18,1819, and is the youngest of three children composing the family of J. W. and Nancy Knighten, who moved from North Caro- lina to this county in 1816. Our subject was the first white child born in this section. He was orphaned when thirteen years old; then began fo work for himself, and after a period devoted himself to acquiring some education and learning the trade of a plasterer, at which he worked for seven years; then he came to EUettsville and purchased a saw-mill and woolen factory, operating these for five years. March 8, 1846, he mar- ried Miss Mary C. , daughter of William and Hannah G. Puett. In 1849, he piu:chased eighty acres, and soon after 104 acres more, removing to his present location in 1850. He now cultivates 160 acres — all the fruits of his industry and care — a good home and valuable property. He has been a life-long Eepublican, and he and wife belong to the Methodist Episco- pal Church. JOHNSON P. McELROY, farmer, was born May 30, 1820, his parents being David and Martha McElroy, both natives of North Carolina and of Scotch-Irish extraction. The paternal grandfather. Our subject was a soldier of the Eevolution. Our subject was early left fatherless, with but small advantage for getting an education. When thirteen years old, his mother came by team to this State and settled near EUetts- ville, where he rented some land, being the only family support and hav- ing to labor for 25 cents per day. After four years he purchased forty acres for 1100, which he paid after some years. He erected a cabin for the family, and his mother spun the texture for their clothes and kept the house; she died July, 1864, aged seventy-four years. April 12, 1853, he married Miss Elizabeth Hinkle, born April 21, 1833, to which union two children were born — Ira J. and Emma C. Mr. McElroy has lived on his homestead more than forty-six years, during which he has seen many changes and acquired good J)roperty. He is politically a Eepublican, a most exemplary man and citizen, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. G. W. McHENEY is a son of John and Eebecca A. (Wilson) Mc- Henry, natives respectively of Knox and Monroe Counties, Ind. The paternal grandparents of our subject were settlers in Knox County previ- ous to the war of 1812, of which Mr. McHenry was a soldier. JohnMc- Henry was reared in Owen County, was a farmer, and made a good home for his family; he also followed boating to New Orleans for a long time. He died May 4, 1875, followed by his wife in 1880, both members of the Baptist Church. G. "W. McHenry is the second of thirteen children, was born in Bean Blossom Township February 12, 1841, and was bred by his father to farming, with whom he remained until he was twenty-two years old. February 22, 1863, he married Miss Izora Moore, who died January 12, 1870, leaving three children — William T., Oscar W. and Minnie I. After marriage, Mr. McHenry farmed on rented land for two years, when he engaged as clerk for a time, and afterward farmed again. October 13, 1872, he wedded his second wife. Miss Lucy M. Cox, whose father was a pioneer of Owen County. Mr. McHenry is a man of good business capacity, a worthy citizen, a Democrat politically and an upright gentleman. He and wife are connected with the Baptist Church. ELIJAH H MAESHALL, stock-raiser and fai-mer, is a son of Will- iam G. and Christiana (Strawn) Marshall, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of Greene, and the latter of Fayette County, and respectively RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 63S of Scotch and German extraction. William G. Marshall moved to Ris- ing Sun, Ind., in 1818, and three years later to Lawreneeburg, where he worked at his trade of carpenter, and afterward settled on land for farming purposes. In 1865, he came to this county, where he died August 7, 1882, aged eighty-two years. He was a pensioned soldier of the war of 1812, and with Gen. Hull. He was a Republican and a Universalist. His wife survives and resides with our subject at eighty- six years of age; she is a Quaker. Elijah H. Marshall was born in Dear- born County, Ind., November 8, 1835, and after some preliminary edu- cation entered Moore's Hill College, with much advantage. On reaching his majority he began teaching in this county; continued for four years, and then engaged at farming, which he followed until 1861, when he enlisted in the Thirty-eighth Regimental Band. During his- service, he contracted measles, since which his health has been impaired. After his discharge, he engaged in farming, and has so continued until the present time, being interested in raising good horses and cattle. Mr. Marshall is a fine musician, and has taught music for a number of years. He has been thrice married; first, March, 1860, he wedded Miss Rebecca J. Allen, who died July 8, 1864, leaving two children — Harland E. and Ethel (now deceased). He next wedded, April 23, 1865, Miss Matilda J. Sanders, who died February 27, 1872, leaving five children — Zada, Eber, Dessie, Luke W. and Sibert. November 15, 1874, he married his present wife. Miss Nancy Whitesell. Mr. Marshall is a member of the Baptist, and Mrs. Marshall of the Methodist Episcopal Church. NATHAN R. MATSON is a native of Cumberland County, Penn., was born April 5, 1840, and is a son of Peter and Mary Matson, natives- of Pennsylvania, and respectively of English and Scotch descent. After going to school at intervals until he was sixteen, Nathan began his ap- prenticeship to the trade of a tanner, which trade he finished in Phila- delphia in 1859. He then came "West, and worked as a tanner at Bloom- ington until 1861, when he enlisted in Company G, Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, assigned to the Army of the Cumberland, and, hav- ing served his term, re- enlisted as a veteran in the same company. After various promotions he became Second Lieutenant. He participated in. the greatest battles of that campaign, and afterward suffered from rheumatism and weakness of vision, which incapacitated him from fol- lowing his trade, and he was elected by the Republicans Township Trus- tee for four years. October 2, 1865, he married Miss Ann Matthews, which union gave being to four children — John E. , Mary A., James H. and George W. Mrs. Matson died July 6, 1875. Mr. Matson is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, of the G. A. R., and of the Baptist Church; he is also highly extolled as a citizen. JOHN MATTHEWS deceased (late of the firm of Matthews & Son, now P. T. , William N. and Frederick Matthews), was born October 10, 1806, in County Sussex, England; was apprenticed in London to the stone and marble work, and assisted at building some of the Parliament houses, etc. Here he married his wife. Miss Mary A. Drake; they had twelve children, seven of whom are living — Peter T. , William N., Jane, James L., Susan, Phebe and Frederick. In 1849, the Matthews family left for America, were delayed on the voyage by a mutiny, and finally landed at New Orleans, where Mr. M. was offered inducements to remain; but he moved to Cincinnati, thence to Louisville, and thence to this State, in Jefferson County, and opened a quarry for Dean Bros. In 1855, he 634 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: came to this county and opened a quarry for himself, which he managed until his death. A specimen of this stone took first premium at the (-cen- tennial. He was a Union Democrat and a highly esteemed citizen. He died May 27, 1883, aged seventy-seven, a member of the Baptist Church; his wife is yet living, aged sixty-seven years. Feancis D. Matthews (the second son) was a veteran soldier of the recent war, a member of Company G, Thirty-eighth Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, and was shot before Atlanta. Petek T. Matthews was born in London July 8, 1840. In 1861, he enlisted as a drummer in the Nineteenth Regimental Band. Most of this band were captured at the battle of Bull Run, but Peter escaped and served until the war was closed. After returning, he en- gaged with his father in the quarrying business, and September, 1867, he married Miss Sarah E., daughter of Robert T. Stimson, which union gave them four children — Efde, Albert, John and Charles. Mr. Mat- thews is a member of the Masons and the G. A. R. William N. Matthews was born in England November 1, 1844. When the war broke out, he was anxious to join the army, and, being refused permission by his father, set out on foot to Indianapolis, where he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Fifteenth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry; joined Burnside's division, participated in several battles and did skirmish duty, and served in the Quartermaster's Department until the war ended. After his return, he, too, engaged in assisting his father. November 8, 1869, he married Miss Adeline H. Johnson, by which union were born four children — Francis E., Cora E. and Irvin and Mabel (twins). Mr. Matthews is a Freemason, and he adn wife belong to the Baptist Church. Frederick Matthews was born at Stineaville, Ind., March 25, 1859. When hn became a man he became a partner with his brothers, and January 23, 1879, married Miss Nettie B. Moore; they have one daughter — Bertha A. Mr. Matthews is a Democrat. JOHN A. MAY, barber, is the eighth of the twelve children of John P. and Susan (Whalen) May, the former a native of Virginia. John P. May was a farmer, who moved with his family to Washington County, Ind., in 1831; engaged in butchering for six years; then removed to Van Buren Township; there carried on a distillery, and finally located on ft farm, where he closed his life October 30, 1862. He was a worthy citi- zen, a Republican, and a member pf the Christian Church. Five of his sons were in the Union army at one time, and all returned when the war was ended. J ohn A. May was born in Van Buren- Township March 18, 1843, and brought up a farmer. When seventeen years old, he enlisted in Company I, Fifty-ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as a musician, going out September, 1861, and being discharged November, 1863, having seen hard and varied service. After returning, he engaged in lumbering, and then purchased a barber's outfit, such trade having been acquired while on duty as a soldier. He has been very successful and has a good trade. May 28, 1876, he married Susan E. Vannoy, a union which produced three children — Cora D., Freddie C. (deceased) and Minnie A. Mr. May is a Mason, an Odd Fellow and a Red Man. He is a rigid Republican and a liberal citizen. Mr. and Mrs. May are members of the Christian Church. CHARLES MOORE, stock-raiser and farmer, was born in Woodford County, Ky., April 10, 1814, and is a son of Charles and Nancy (James) RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 635 Moore, natives of Virginia, and of English extraction, who moved to Kentucky, where Mr. Moore died, and-whence Mrs. Moore returned to Virginiaj^ and there married Joseph Copenhaver, after w.hich they re- moved to this county, in 1832, where Mrs. Copenhaver died in 1835. Our subject was reared to industry, and began to make his own way when seventeen years old by clearing and chopping. June 3, 1835, he married Miss Elizabeth Copenhaver, a union honored by eighteen chil- dren, oE which number are living — Tillman H., Taylor S., William, James M, Charles L., Clara L., Lizzie and Carrie. After marriage, Mr. Moore farmed on rented land, and afterward procured eighty acres of his own, which he improved. He was diligent, economical, and made sure headway, adding to his possession until he owned 600 acres, which he sold in 18^52, and purchased his present place of 240 acres, now one of the best farms in the township. Mr. Moore is one of the most substantial farmers and citizens of these parts, and is in politics an active Eepubliean. He and wife are members in honor of the Methodist Episcopal Church. GEOEGE B. MOORE, merchant, is a natfve of this county, was bom March 1. 1821, and is the third child of John and Jane (Dowell) Moore, both natives of North Carolina. John Moore was a farmer and wagon-maker. He moved hither in 1820; soon after went back to the East, but came again to this State, made a home for his family and fin- ished his course of life. His wife is yet living, aged eighty-eight years, on the homestead settled by her husband fifty-five years ago; she is, as Mr. Moore was, a member of the Baptist Church. George B. Moore was reared a farmer, and received but twelve months' schooling. When eighteen years of age he began working for himself as a farmer, but after about three years became a clerk at Mount Tabor, and in 1850 commenced mercantile business at Spencer, from which point he removed to Santa F6, where he continued in success for eight years. He then sold his property and removed his stock to Ellettsville, where he now continues with a stock of $5,000, a substantial and successful merchant. Mr. Moore has been twice married — first, he wedded Mary Steffey, who died in 1865, leaving three out of five children — George B., Elvira J. and Oscar Franklin; he wedded, second, in 1867, Mrs. Nancy J. Steel, formerly of Owen County. Mr. Moore has dealt much in grain, pork, wool, etc., and is, in all, worth probably 140,000. He is a Democrat, and, with his wife, a member of the Baptist Church.' GEORGE MORELA.ND, life and fire insurance agent, was born in this township January 27, 1847, and is the third son of L. H. and Margaret (Billings) Moreland, natives respectively of North Carolina and Tennessee. L. H. Moreland, moved to Greene County, this State, about 1828, where his father had entered land, and which he assisted to improve and cultivate. Having a fair education, he became a teacher, and followed that vocation for twenty years, in alternation with farming. In 1861, he moved to Owen County, and thence to Greene County again, where he finished his course April 28, 1877. His wife is yet living at Worthington, Ind. George W. was reared a farmer, with a fair educa- tion. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company I, Eighty-second In- diana Volunteer Infantry, which regiment was placed in the Cumber- land division, and engaged at Stone River, Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge and Buzzard's Roost, where Mr. Moreland received seven wounds, fracturing the left femur and bones of the leg, after which he 40 636 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: crawled one-quarter of a mile; his injuries were pronounced mortal, but he recQ-vered, by good nursing from a New York lady, and after some time in the hospitals he was discharged, April, 1865. In ^.^^^' ^| *'°™" meneed teaching vocal music, in which he continued until lo7o, a,nd which he subsequently abandoned for his present business. October ID, 1867, he married Miss Mary A. Johnson, born August 25, 1850, a union which gave being to five children — Minnie D., Addie L., Bertha C., Myrtie M. aud Saokie (deceased). Mr. Moreland is an esteemed citizen, and he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. CAPT. G. K. PERRY is a native of Rockland, Me., was born December 26, 1831, and is the eldest of four children. The great-grand- father of our subject, Job Perry, was a native of Marshfield, Mass., and died in 1789; he was the father of ten children. The grandfather of our subject, also Job Perry, was born in 1762, married Polly Jordan, and died December 19, 1841. The parents of our subject were Job and Mar- garet (Butler) Perry, who married November 14, 1830. Mr. Perry was lost on the Florida coast, while going to New York; Mrs. Perry died May 26, 1882, in Rockland, Me. These parents were members of the Baptist Church. Capt. Perry was left fatherless when seven years old, and went to an academy at Salem, Mass., for two years. After hearing of the Cal- ifornia gold excitement, he begged to go, but was refused, unless willing to return within five years. June, 1850, he embarked, in a company with twelve comrades, the ticket costing $250,' After reaching Panama, he was offered and refused $1,000 for his ticket. He reached California safely, and soon departed for Sacramento, and in El Dorado County worked ten days with pickax and pan, without encouragment, after which he worked on a dam to turn the river, which labor was destroyed by the autumn rains. When the company was dissolved, each member was allotted twenty feet square, and the Captain's was a rich one. In 1855, he re- turned, and in 1858 came West to engage in farming, reaching Elletts- ville November 26, and engaged in rafting to Detroit. When volunteers were called for during the late war, he raised a company and was elected Captain, but took only First Lieutenant, September, 1861, of Company G, Thirty-eight Indiana Volunteer Infantry. In 1862, he was made Cap- tain, and resigned in 1863. He participated at Stone River and in other engagements of the Army of the Cumberland. After returning, he en- gaged in mercantile business at Ellettsville until 1867, and afterward with his brother in quarrying and monumental work, they now giving em- ployment to nearly seventy -five men; they have also a flourishing grocery business. June 5, 1865, he married Julia D. Healy, who died October 24, 1874, leaving two daughters — Mabel and Grace. He next married Hen- rietta C. Hasslock, to which union were four boys — Gilbert K., Herman H., Eugene H. R., and Frederic E. Mr. Perry is an influential Repub- lican, and has been Township Trastee for three terms. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the G. A. R. JOHN K. PHIPPS, dealer in grocries, hardware and notions, is a native of North Carolina, was born October 29, 1841, and is a son of Eze- ziel H., and Clarissa (Russel) Phipps, natives respectively of Virginia and South Carolina, and both of English descent, who in 1856 moved to Georgia, where John K., passed his boyhood in attending school and at farm work. In May, 1861, he enlisted in the Confederate cause, was capt- ured in 1865, and taken to Point Lookout for some months, then took the oath of allegiance and was discharged, having served at Bull Run RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 637 Malvern * Hill, Fredericksburg, Antiefcam, Gettysburg, Petersburg and Weldou, where he received a flesh wound in the thigh, was placed some time in the hospital and joined his regiment at Five Forks. After the war, he engaged in farming until 1868, removed hither in 1869, and worked with Matthews & Son for fourteen years. September, 1872, he married Miss Nancy Jamison, of this township, with an issue of two children — Mattie B., and "William J. In 1883, he purchased the stock of goods of Mr. Moore, for $1,000, which he has increased by energy and tact to a commanding and attractive one. Mr. Phipps is a member of the Masonic order, and a Democrat in politics; he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. AUSTIN B. EEEVES, farmer and stock-raiser, is a son of Benjamin and Nancy Reeves, the former a native of Virginia, the latter of Ken- tucky. Austin S. Reeves, grandfather of our subject, was a Revolution- ary soldier, and Benjamin Reeves was a hero of the war of 1812. In 1820, he came to this county, passing down the Ohio in a flat-boat he had built. As a result of his industry, he acquired 160 acres, and made a good home from the virgin land. He was a Whig, and died February, 1846, aged sixty-six; his wife passed away seven years previous, aged fifty-four years. They were the parents of nine daughters and two sons. Austin B. Reeves was born in Van Buren Township August 27, 1829, and the eldest son of the family. He was brought up to industry and to farming. When seventeen years old, was left an orphan, and became an apprentice to blaeksmithing; served nearly four years, and received only board and clothes. Later, he purchased the homestead farm, and devoted his time to agriculture. In 1882, he sold this farm and purchased his present home. August 5, 1854, he marrried Arabelle I. Pauley, of this county, and to this union seven children came to bless it, six of whomjare living — Garrison P., Flora B., Mary H., John Mo., B. Colfax and Austin M. Mr. Reeves is a liberal and worthy citizen, a Republican, and a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. Mrs. Reeves is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOHN A. REEVES, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Owen County, Ind., February 27, 1839, and is the fourth of the family of Andy W. and Sallie A. (McDonald) Reeves, both of whom came to this State in childhood. John A. was reared and grew to manhood as a farmer. September 20, 1860, he married Miss Ava Allen, only daughter of Elisha and Mary E. Allen, and born June 9, 1841. To this union were bestowed five children — John E. (deceased), Mary E., Sallie A., Olive G. and Will- iam C. After marriage, Mr. Reeves entered the store of his father-in- law, and in 1861 enlisted in Company G, Thirtyreighth Regiment Indi- ana Volunteers, going out as Third Sergeant, from which he Jrose by merit to be First Lieutenant, but owing to failing health he resigned his commission in April, 1863; he saw hard service in the battle of Perry- ville. On returning, he went into business with his father-in-law at BUettsville, and on the death of his partner, December, 1868, succeeded to the business, which he continued until August, 1875, when he sold, removed to Bloomington, and took charge of the County Treasurer's office, to which he was elected by the Republicans. At the expiration of his second term, he retired to his farm of 160 acres, besides thirty-two acres near by in timber; this place is also well improved and cultivated. Mrs. Reeves belongs to the Christian Church. LEVI RIDGE, pioneer and representative farmer, is a native of In- 638 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: dian Creek Township, was born June 19, 1819, and is the eldest son of the family of Benjamin and Henrietta (Staton) Kidge, both natives of Ken- tucky', and of English extraction. Levi Ridge passed his boyhood on the farm, attending school for a short time, at periods also chopping wood and doing genoral farm work, which cou.rse he continued until he was twenty-five. March 12, 1845, he married Miss Elizabeth Dunning, of this county, to which union were born seven children — Harriet J., Amanda H., Susan A., James B., Thomas F., William E. (deceased) and America I. The mother of these children died January 6, 1875, aged fifty-two years. Mr. Ridge began farming on forty acres purchased from his father, which he improved, and on which he built a cabin. In 1871, he sold his place and purchased his present home and farm, containing 190 acres. Mr; Ridge has also forty acres near by, on which is a good brick house and frame barn, both of these being the fruit of his toil and saving, having once labored at making rails for 25 cents per hundred. He was once a Whig, but of later years has voted with the Republicans. Mr. Ridge is a worthy and esteemed citizen. JAMES T. ROBERTSON, grocer, was born April 19, 1842— near Bloomington, and is a son of James A. and Mary A. (Hardesty) Robertson, the former a native of Kentucky, the latter of Maryland. After attending the common schools, James F. went to the State Univer- sity for a year, and in January, 1864, enlisted in Company K, Twenty- first Heavy Artillery, which was assigned to the Army of the Gulf, under Gen. Banks, and participated in the Red River eKpedition and in the siege of Port Morgan; he was discharged May 19, 1865, from disability; he afterward became clerk in a dry goods house, and in 1866, engaged in his present business, with a small stock of goods, in which he has suc- ceeded in obtaining a leading trade. March, 1868, he married Miss Rachel, a daughter of William Prather, which union has resulted in the birth of five children — Otho Schuyler, Mary Maud, James William, Lau- ren W. and Kittie B. Mr. Robertson is a radical Republican, and a member of the I. O. O. F. and the G. A. R. ; he is also an influential and esteemed citizen. Mrs. Robertson is a member of the Christian Church. ELI RUMPLE, farmer and stock-raiser, is a son of Jacob and Mary Rumple, was born January 1, 1828, in Burk County, N. C, and was brought to this county by his parents in 1830. He was reared as a farm- er, and received but little education, but having been taught the use of tools, he commenced as a carpenter, at which he worked as a journeyman for two years, and as a contractor for six years. June 17, 1856, he mar- ried Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas and Priscilla Howard. Seven children, five of whom are living, were followers of this marriage — Lura Ai-bel, Lurinda, Ardilla, Dayton M., George E. and Sarah 'f. After marriage, he located on a small farm in Clay Township on which he re- mained until 1860, when he sold and purchased his present farm of nine- ty-five acres, and afterward some land adjoining, now having a home and farm comprising 280 acres, 240 of which are under good cultivation, and all the result of his own care and toil. Mr. Rumple is a public- spirited and esteemed citizen, and a Democrat in politics. THOMAS J. SHARP, farmer, was born September 8, 1817, in Sul- livan County, Ind., and is a son of George and Sallie (Johnston) Sharp, natives «f Virginia and of German descent, who early moved to Ken- tucky, and thence to Knox County, this Territory, in 1814. George Sharp was a farmer and surveyor, and in 1817, purchased 320 acres and RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 639 became one of the earliest settlers. He was a public-spirited citizen, and died at the age of sixty-three, his wife at the age of seventy-eight years. Thomas J. Sharp has continued to reside on the homestead. When his father died, he was thirteen years old, and he then became manager of the farm. October 15, 1840, he married Miss Sallie, a daughter of George and Catherine Parks, to which union succeeded six children, five of whom are living — George P., James C, Sarah C, Amelia A. and Mary M. Mr. Sharp, by industry and frugality, has acquired 219 acres, now improved and valuable, and has also assisted each of his children. In early life he was a Whig, but became afterward a Republican. He has served as guardian and administrator for several estates, having given bonds of 180,000. Mr. Sharp is an old-fashioned gentleman, and retains many relics of the olden time, among them the first corn-cracker operat- ed here, the same having been brought hither by his father. Mr. and Mrs. Sharp are members of the Presbyterian Church. JOHN H. SHOOK, wagon and carriage manufacturer, was born in B6an Blossom Township, September 20, 1830, and is the youngest son of George H. and Elizabeth (Heilman) Shook, both natives of North Carolina, and of German extraction. George H. Shook removed to this county from North Carolina in 1827. He was a pioneer, and experienced the trials of those heroes; he was father of sixteen children. In 1857, he moved to EUetsville, and lived in retirement until his death, May, 1861, aged seventy-two years, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a Democrat. Mrs. Shook died in 1863, aged seventy-two years. John H. was reared to farming, attending school in the usual sea- sons. When he was of age, he became an apprentice to a blacksmith, served two years, and later worked as a journeyman and traveled con- siderably in the State until 1857, when he came to this county, estab- lished his business, and has since manufactured wagons and the like. October 8, 1864, he married Miss Catherine, daughter of Willis and Elizabeth Smith, which union was blessed with three children — Beatrice, Nora Magdalena (deceased) and Ida Isabel. During the war he worked mostly at gunsmithing, and also invented a revolving rifle, reaching 400 yards. He has besides acquired some proficiency at painting wagons, landscapes and portraits. He is an active Republican and business man. He and wife belong to the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. LORENZO DOW STANGER, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Bloomington Township, this county, was born September 18, 1835, and is the oldest son of John and Ann (Thomas) Stanger, natives of Virginia, and respectively of German and English extraction. Lorenzo Dow Stan- ger was reared on a farm in his native township, where he attended the schools of* the day until he was eighteen years of age. When he was twenty years old, his father gave him a horse, with which to make a begin- ning in life; he afterward hired for $13 per month; then went into Mc- Lean County, 111., and so continued until he was twenty-four years old, when he farmed on shares with Mr. Owen. November 1, 1860, he mar- ried Thursa A. Houston, of this county, and to them were given four children — James H., Gilbert E., David Sherman and Ada Montana. Soon after marriage, Mr. Stanger moved to his father-in-law's, and farmed about five years, then went into McLean County, where he owned forty acres, sold the same in 1869, and purchased eighty acres, which he has improved and stocked, and now occupies as his home. Mr. Stanger is a worthy citizen, a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. 640 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: FRANCIS M. STEPHENSON, Postmaster and dealer in groceries, queensware, glass and notions, was born in Owen County, Ind., January 15, 1844, and is the youngest of the five children of Madison and Sarah (Wilborn) Stephenson, natives of Virginia, who were early comers to Owen County. After some schooling and regular training to the life or a farmer, Francis enlisted in August, 1862, in.CompanyB, Sixty-seventh Regiment Indiana Volunteers, assigned to the Army of the Gulf, and participated in the engagements of Munfordville, Arkansas Post, Vicks- burg, Jackson, Mobile and the Red River expedition. He was taken prisoner, parolled, and joined his regiment at Baton Rouge, and was dis- charged July 19, 1865, having been once wounded in the neck. Sep- tember 1, 1867, he married Miss Jennie, daughter of Thomas and Mary, Gillespy, a union favored by five children — Lena Colfax, David T., Frank C, Arthur T. and Francis M. In 1870, Mr. Stephenson located in the grocery trade at Freedom, Owen County, and after four years removed to Ellettsville, and has continued in the same line. Mr. Stephenson is a stanch Republican, and was commissioned Postmaster in May, 1879, in which he has given much satisfaction. He is a member of the Masonic order, of the G. A. R., and, with his wife, belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. S. P. THOMPSON, stock-raiser and farmer, is the only son of John T. and Sallie (Grimes) Thompson, natives respectively of North Carolina and Kentucky, and of Irish and German extraction, and was born in Crawford County, III, July 16, 1822. His father, John T. Thompson, moved in early life from North Carolina to Kentucky, and was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He moved to Knox County, Ind., in 1814, and afterward, in 1818, to Illinois, where he engaged in farm- ing, about 1824. He bold this land,removed to this county and purchased eighty acres, where he died in 1850, aged seventy-two years; his wife died 1875, aged eighty-five years, S. P. Thompson, was reared on a farm and received but spare education; indeed, he acquired his knowl- edge after reaching manhood, at which time he engaged in threshing, and split rails when not engaged with his machine. May 26, 1850, he married Miss Louisa A., daughter of James and Margaret Freeman. Previous to his father's decease, Mr. Thompson purchased the homestead, which he sold in 1853, and purchased a part of his present property, which aggregates 400 acres, but he has sold all but 160, which he culti- vates and on which he raises some stock. In 1871, he lost' his dwelling by fire, and in 1880, rebuilt an improved and enlarged one. He is a member of the Masonic order, a good citizen, and he and wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. W. B. WALDEN, stock-raiser and farmer, was born in this county, January 3, 1831, and assisted his father in making a home from the wilder- ness, as well as forming himself such habits of industry and frugality as were of value to him in after life. lie attended school durii^ his boyhood, and when of age became a pion,eer of Owen County on sixty acres of timber land entered by his father. To this he added sixty acres, which he improved,and built thereon a frame house; he split rails for his neighbors, 250 being a day's work, and received 40 cents per 100. October 12, 1849, he married Miss Philena, daughter of Melas Cline which union gave being to four children, all of whom died in infancy In the spring of 1860, he sold his place and removed to this township where he purchased 160 acres, forty of which were cleared. This land RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. 641 he improved, and added thereto until he now owns 207 acres, with a pleasant home and congenial surroundings. Mr. Walden is independent in politics. In 1883, he was elected Eoad Superintendent, which, after six monthsjhe resigned; he has also been Representative of the State and National Grange. STANFIELD WHARTON, retired farmer, is a native of Orange County, Va. , was born August 15, 1809, and is the eldest son of a family of eight born to Joseph and Sarah (Age) Wharton, both natives of Vir- ginia, who moved to Lincoln County, Ky., where Stanfield was born and reared to the profession of farmer. He received but a limited education, and remained in the service of his parents until his majority, when he .worked for himself as a farm hand, and saved 1200. January 9, 1834, he married Miss Ann E. Berry, who died October 21, 1853, having borne six sons and three daughters, of whom are living — Joseph B., Green" Lawrence and Burton T. Mr. Wharton married for his second wife, January 19, 1854, Miss Parthenia J. Cooper, and to this union succeeded ten children, eight of whom are living James W., Mary M., Amanda M., Lorena Esther, Fernando D., LuellaE., Silas M. and Isaac E. After his marriage, Mr. Wharton farmed on rented land for about six years, then cleared some land, following which he purchased a farm, and succeeded in getting several farms in this State and in Iowa, but returned there- from after two years, and lived in Owen County. In 1869, he moved to his present home, then as a desert, and now blossoming as a rose, con- taining 160 acres, well improved and cultivated, and one of the best farms in the township — a result due to himself alone. Mr. Wharton cast his first vote for Gen. Jackson. He is a much respected citizen. WILLIAM L. WHITTED, M. D., is a son of Zachariah and Rebecca (Allen) Whitted, natives of North Carolina, but who grew to maturity in this Stale, and married about 1885. Zachariah Whitted was a farmer, at which and at flat-boat building he labored many years. He reared seven children by his first, and five by his second wife, who yet lives and occu- pies the home farm. Mr. Whitted was formerly a Whig, but became a Republican, and an ardent admirer of Mr. Lincoln, whom he survived two days. He was six feet two and a half inches high, a member of the Masonic order, and of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for fifteen years Trustee of his township. He was fifty- three years old at his death. William L. Whitted was born August 24, 1842, near Bedford, Ind., was reared a farmer, and in August, 1861, enlisted in Company B, Eighteenth Indiana Regiment. In 1863, he was made Sergeant, and after becoming a veteran in 1864 was commissioned Second Lieutenant, and afterward chosen Captain, which commission he did not receive, but served as Ser- geant Major until the end of the war. He was slightly wounded at Magnolia Hill, and served at Pea Ridge, Champion Hill, Black River, siege of Vicksburg, and other engagements. He was discharged Septem- ber 22, 1865, and married, November 28, Miss Susanna, daughter of Rev. James Pish, a union followed by three children — Frank, Gertrude and Mary Estella. Soon after marriage, Mr. Whitted began the study of medicine under Dr. |^amuel A. Raridon, attended lectures at the Ohio Medical College, and located at Tunnelton. In 1869", he came to this county, and has done a good business in Ellettsville. In 1877-78, he attended lectures at and graduated from the Miami Medical College, and in 1881 began the drug business with Mr. Hughes. Dr. Whitted is a Republican, and has held some minor offices. He is a member of the 642 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: , Masons and the G. A. E. He and his wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. F. E. WORLEY, banker and farmer, was born in this township June 3, 1838, the only child of Biram and Margaret (Legg) Worley. Hiram Worley came with his mother to this county in 1828. He was^ a shrewd, careful and industrious man, gave attention to farming and rais- ing stock, and finally became wealthy and influential. He was a Bepub- lican politically, religious without creed, and benevolent without osten- tation. Our subject was reared to farming, and after a preliminary ed- ucation, attended the State University at Bloomington. In 1858, he en- gaged in mercantile business at Ellettsville, in company with William Buchanan, and after one year Mr. Worley became sole owner of the business, which he continued twelve years, realizing therefrom $30,000. In 1873, after having closed his father's estate, he commenced the bank- ing business, which he is still operating, as well as dealing in stock, such as fine horses, short-horn and Jersey cattle, Cashmere sheep, fowls and carp fish. He has one of the best dwellings in the county, surrounded by a fence of stone, the material taken from one of his quarries. Mr. Worley is a member of the Masonic fraternity, a Republican in politics, and an Episcopalian in religion. May 20, 1875', he married Miss Laura Davis, of Nashville, Tenn. VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. G. L. BRANDON, a farmer and stock-raiser, was born November 12, 1839, in McDonough County, 111., and is the third of ten children, eight now living, born to Richard and Magdalena (Favorit) Brandon, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, and of Scotch-Irish and German descent re- spectively. G. L. Brandon was reared on a farm, and was sent to school part of the time. When he was six years old, his parents moved into Hancock County, 111., and he lived there until his thirty- third year. On April 28, 1870, Mr. Brandon married Narcissa Smith, in Iowa. She was a native of this county and a daughter of Dudley C. and Isabel (Porch) Smith, natives of Vermont and North Carolina. ' Mrs. Smith came here from Lincoln County, Ky. , in 1833, and is still living, aged seventy- three years. Dudley C. Smith was born on December 22, 1796; came first to Ohio, then to this county about J 819; remained near Blooming- ton ten years, and finally settled in this township. His father was a Revolutionary soldier, having participated in the battle of Bunker Hill. G. L. Brandon had born to him, by her, three children, two living Fred Raymond and Rodney Howe. Mr. Brandon is a Presbyterian, and his wife belongs to the Christian Church. Our subject, in March, 1865, enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois (Mounted) Infantry, and was discharged in- September, 1865, at Springfield. He is a Republican. WILLIAM P BUNGER, farmer and stock-raiser and trader, was born July 17, 1836, an this township, and is the youngest of nine children born to Philip and Susanna (Neff; Bnnger, natives of Virginia and Ken- tucky, and of German descent. William P. was reared on a farm and VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 643 attended the public schools. Philip Bunger was an old settler here, and his son lived with him until his marriage. On December 18, 1866, he wedded Harriet N. Neeld, of this county, and daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Reeves) Neeld, Kentuckians of English and Irish descent. Mr. Neeld settled in Bloomington about 1818. Mrs. Neeld settled in this county in 1817, near Ellettsville. She had poor advantages for an education, and says that at that time her people were only able to buy one barrel of flour in two years. They used hand mills to grind corn for "about two years, and then the horse mill was introduced. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Bunger formerly belonged to the Grange. He and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. He owns 202 acres of land in a high state of cultivation, stocked and ornamented with a fine frame residence, besides the addition of out-buildings and orchard, it being one of the finest ' homes in the township. Mr. Bunger ia an upright citizen, and votes the Eepublioan ticket. lEA CAETEE, teacher, was born in Monroe County, Ind. , March 18, 1865, and is a son of J. F. and Susan (Silivan) Carter, the former a native of Garrard County, Ky., the latter of Monroe County, Ind. They are both of English descent. J. F. Carter received a good common school education in Indiana, to which State he came in early youth, and remained with his parents until 1863, when he was married. Eight children bless this union, all of whom are yet living. He and wife are devoted members of the Missionary Baptist Church. He owns a farm in Van Buren Township, where he now resides. Ira Carter, the eldest of three sons, besides receiving a good common schooling, has attended different Normal Schools held at Bloomington and elsewhere. During the summer he is engaged on his father's farm and in winter is employed in teaching. Mr. Carter is a young man of fine ability and bids fair to be one of the leading young men of the county. SAMUEL DINSMOEE, farmer and stock-raiser, was born February 8, 1834, in Ireland, and is the eldest of eight children born to John and Margaret (Small) Dlnsmore, natives of Ireland, and of Scotch-Irish de- scent. Samuel was reared on a farm, and attended school when not other- wise employed, and in this way received sufficient education to enable him to teach. He taught three months. His parents came to the United States in 1838, and moved to the West, settling in Van Buren Township, 'about one mile north of where our subject now resides. They came by way of Pittsburgh by water to Louisville, where a wagon landed them in Monroe County in seven days. John Dinsmore purchased 160 acres of land and improved it. Samuel remained with his father until his mar- riage, on October 10, 1859, to Magdalene Hutsinpiller, of Monroe County, and a teacher. She is the daughter of Jacob A. and Susanna (Bunger) Hutsinpiller, Pennsylvanians of German descent. Miss Hutsi.npiller was educated at Bloomington, and taught in Indiana about three years, and in Illinois about one year. Mr. Dinsmore had born to him five children — John A. , William J. (deceased), Margaret Lenore, Julia Frances and Mary Elizabeth. Mr. Dinsmore and wife also took a boy, George Krohn, from the Orphans' Home in Cincinnati, and are raising him as one of their own children. Mr. Dinsmore owns 200 acres of land, well cultivated, and ornamented with a substantial residence, besides a barn and out- buildings. He received eighty acres from his father at his marriage. Onr subject is breeding short-horn cattle and Berkshire hogs, and has . 644 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: followed this occupation for ten years. Mr. Dinsmore has belonged to the Patrons of Husbandry since 1873, and has held nearly every office in the lodge, being at present Lecturer. He and wife are Presbyterians, and he has held the office of Director of his district for some time. He is an esteemed citizen, and a Republican overflowing with energy. JOSEPH S. DINSMORE, a leading and enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of this county, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, January 1, 1836, and is the second of the eight children, four now living, born to John and Margaret (Small) Dinsmore, natives of Ireland, and of Scotch- Irish descent. Joseph S. was reared upon a farm, and attended the common schools and a university for six months. Mr. Dinsmore enlisted in August, 1862, in Company F, Eighty-second Indiana Infantry, and was engaged in the following battles: Perryville, Ky. ; Stone River, Tenn ; Chickamauga, Resaca, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Bentonville, besides numerous skir- mishes and in Sherman's " march to the sea. " Mr. Dinsmore was in the grand review at Washington, and was discharged at Indianapolis in July, 1865. Mr. Dinsmore was then engaged in the furniture business at Bloomington for about five years, finally failed, and then engaged in the spoke and handle business. This he followed for a year and a half, was then burned out, and returned to farming. He has continued in this occupation ever since. Mr. Dinsmore was married on October 6, 1868, to Mary A. Henderson, of Salem, Ind. , and a daughter of Johp Grant and Martha T. (Young) Henderson, natives of Kentucky and North Caro- lina, and of Scotch- Irish descent. Mrs. Dinsmore taught school about five years before her marriage. They have had born to them three chil- dren—Leon Wade, Wylio Henderson and Joseph Paul. The parents are Presbyterians, and Mr. Dinsmore is a Republiean. John Dinsmore, an old settler and enterprising farmer of this county, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, on October 6, 1810, and is the youngest and only living one of the fourteen children born to Samuel and Mary (Brystar) Dins- more. John Dinsmore came with his mother to this country in 1838, and settled in this township. He was reared in Ireland, and there received a good education. On June 10, 1832, he married Margaret Small, of County Antrim, Ireland, and a daughter of Joseph and Jane (Dinsmore) Small, of Scotch ancestry. Mr. Dinsmore had born to him by this marriage eight children, three of whom — Samuel, Joseph S. and Mary (deceased) — were bom in Ireland, and the other five— William J., Andrew (de- ceased), Jane (deceased), Theophil us (deceased) and Matilda (Kirby)— in America. When Mr. Dinsmore came to this county, he bought 120 acres of land, mostly timber. He improved this land, and then exchanged it for 240 acres, upon which he now lives. This place has a fine residence, barn and out-buildings, with the addition of a healthy orchard. By in- dustry and application, Mr. Dinsmore has accomplished this success, and now peacefully enjoys his hard-earned possessions, seeing his children around liim, each well established in life by his care. He has given each of them from $2, 000 to $3,000 in money. Mrs. Dinsmore died at seventy - five years of age, on October 6, 1882, having passed away suddenly while about her household duties. She was a Presbyterian, and Mr. Dinsmore IS of the same creed. They were liberal givers in charity, and had cele- brated their golden wedding only a few months before her death. Mr. Dmemore uses neither tobacco nor whisky. His childran are Presby- terians, and two sons served in the late war, returning without an injury. VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 645 Mr. Dinsmore is just recovering from an injury, bat aa a general thing lias good health. He is a Republican, and an upright and honorable v citizen, highly respected by his many friends and acquaintances. DR. JAMES DODD was born May 20, 1832, in Lawrence County, Ind., and is the fifth of the seven children born to George and Mary (Pearson) Dodd. He lived on the home farm until 1855, when he com- menced the study of medicine with Denson &Eairden, of Bedford, Penn. In 1856 and 1857, he attended his first course of lectures in Miami Med- ical College. In July, 1857, he located in Harrodsburg, this county, and in the winter of 1858-59 graduated from the Ohio Medical College. He married Catherine A. Carmichael, of Monroe County, daughter of Peter and Lydia (Zague) Carmichael, natives of North Carolina. To this union have been born eleven children, of whom eight are living— Cran- ston H, James M., Mary E., Charlotte, George P., Walter P., Thomas C. and Evaline C. In 1870, Dr. Dodd exchanged his town property for the eighty acres on which he now resides, combining farming with the practice of medicine. He is also the owner of eighty well-improved acres in Indian Creek Township. In November, 1862, the Doctor was appointed Surgeon to the Sixty- seventh Regiment Indiana Volunteers; was at Vicksburg and Arkansas Post; became disabled, and at the end of six months was compelled to resign. He is a leading Republican, and cast his first Presidential vote for Lincoln. Mrs. Dodd's mother is still living, at the advanced age of eighty-nine years. HENRY ELLER, one of the old settlers of Monroe County, was born June 9, 1817, in Virginia, and is the fiftli of ten children born to John and Susan (^Smith) Eller, natives of Virginia, and of German and En- glish descent respectively. Our subject was reared on a farm, and he had only the advantages of the common -schools taught in the country when it was an unbroken wilderness. He came with his parents to this county in 1831, when he was about fourteen years old. They settled on the section where our subject now resides. His father first purchased 320 acres, added to and improved until he owned 520 acres, located about five miles west of Bloomington. When he came here he was elected Justice of the Peace, which office he held for many years. For two terms he was elected Probate Judge of Monroe County, and held that position at the time of his death in August, 1840. Our subject was married, in Septem- ber, 1837, to Velinda, daughter of Thomas and Barbara Bailey, natives of Virginia. Three children were born to them — Elizabeth J. (Stimp- son), John Thomas and George Henry (deceased). His wife dying in 1844, he was next married, on June 29, 1845, to Elizabeth W. Shreve, of Monroe County, and daughter of Williain D. Shreve. To this union eight children were born, viz. : James W., Harriet A. (Ammerman), Melinda M. (Kirby), Susan V. (Mayfield), Frances M. (Johnston), Mary, Laura (Ward), J. B. M. and Charles D. Mr. Eller enlisted in the three months' service on June 9, 1862, and did guard duty at Indianapolis. In May, 1864, he re enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-third Indiana Infantry. His regiment was on guard duty at Bridgeport, Ala. He was discharged in September, same year. While in the three months' service he was Sergeant of his company. During his last service he was also Sergeant. While in the service, Mr. Eller lost his health, and has not been able to do a hard day's work since. He owns ninety-five acres pf good land, well cultivated, and having all the modern improvements. He is one of the leading stock-breeders in this county, having been en- 646 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: gaged in it for forty-nine years. For two terms Mr. EUer has been elected County Commissioner, and for several terms has been Township Assessor. He' and his wife are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically, he is an active, stanch Republican. THOMAS FULLERTON was born in West Tennessee, February 25, 1817, and is the fourth of eight children born to Thomas and Nancy (Woody) Fullerton, natives respectively of South Carolina and Virginia. He came to this county with his parents in 1820, and has here grown up a farmer. The parents were both born in 1785, and died in 1865. Mr. Fullerton has always resided on the 160 acres on which he was reared. He was married, March 26, 1846, to Maria Bunger, daughter of Philip and Susanna (Neif) Bunger, and a native of Kentucky. To this union there have been born eleven children, of whom nine are living — William M., Alfred W., Joseph R., Louisa J., R. Henry, Edwin L., Thomas P., M. L. and Libbie M. At the age of twenty-five, Mr. Fullerton was elected Justice of the Peace of his township and served five years; he owns 100 acres of land in a fine state of cultivation, with line residence and outbuildings. In politics, he is a Republican. J. H. GASTON, M. D., was born on August 8, 1844, in Greene County, Ind., and is the seventh of eleven children, ten now living, born to James M. and Mary P. (Bryan) Gaston, natives of Tennessee and South Carolina, respectively. J. H. Gaston was reared on a farm, and attended the public school, also the academy at Bloomfield one year, and one term at Asbury University. He taught school for two terms. In August, 1862, Mr. Gaston enlisted in Company A, Ninety- seventh Indiana In- fantry, and took part in the following battles: Jackson, Miss., Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dalton and Kenesaw Mountain. At the latter place he received a wound which broke a bone in his arm, and disabled him for further service. He was discharged in May, 1865, at Madison, Ind. lie returned to his home, receiving a pension since the date of his discharge. Mr. Gaston studied medicine with Dr. Bailey of Stanford, and attended a course at Miami Medical College, at Cincinnati, receiving his diploma in 1872. He then began practicing in Stanford and has lived there ever since. Dr. Gaston has met with fair success, and keeps himself well posted upon the subject of medicine, by attending lectures. The Doctor married, on July 21, 1872, Martha Counet, a native of Monroe County and a daughter of Nelson and Emily (Rose) Counet, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, and of English and German descent. By this union there are five children— Grace F., Audley, Otis T., Edith V. and Mary. Dr. Gas- ton owns fifteen acres of land with a good residence, barn, out buildings and a good orchard. In the fall of 1882, he was elected Coroner of his county. Mrs. Gaston is a Congregationalist. The Doctor is a live Republican. DAVID La RUE, one of the oldest settlers of Monroe County, Ind, was born on September 24, 1807, and is the youngest of four children born to Peter and Catharine (McKissic) La Rue, natives of Virginia. The mother died when our subject was but three years old. After this he worked around and about by the day until he was thirteen years of age, when he was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade and served his time. In 1828, he went to Meigs County, Ohio, remained one year; thence to Cincinnati, where he was a carpenter on a steamboat for three years; thence to Livingston County. Ky., and remained one year with his father, or until the latter's death, at the age of eighty-seven years. Then in May, VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 647 1832, he came to Bloomington, Ind. On December 27, 1832, he was married to Nancy, daughter of Jessie and Sallie Cole, and a native of Kentucky. Seven children have been born to them, only two of whom, Sarah and Jesse, are now living. After his marriage, Mr. La Rue moved on eighty acres of land located near Stanford, where he lived two years, after which he traded that farm for eighty acres in Greene County, where he lived thirty-two years. He at the end of this time had accumu- lated 220 acres, all well improved and under good cultivation. In 1866, he sold this farm for $6,000, and purchased for $5,000 the one on which he now resides. Mrs. La Rue died in 1850, when, on March I'i, 1851, he married Minerva Cole, of Greene County, and daughter of John and Sarah Cole. Two children, both deceased, were born to this union. This wife died in 1855. He next married, on September 10, 1859, Eliza Dan- iel, of Greene County, daughter of Joseph Daniel. Mr. La Rue lost this wife through a divorce court, when, for his fourth wife, he married, on April 24, 1863, Mrs. Elizabeth Breakison, also of Greene County. This couple have had live children, three of whom are living. His wife had four children by her former husband. His first wife was a member of the Campbellite, his second wife of the Baptist, his third of the Method- ist Episcopal Church, of which his present wife is lalso a member, and of which Mr. La Rue is also a member. Our subject was Township Treas- urer in his township in Greene County for seven years; was Deputy Sheriff of that county two years; was elected Constable in this township, but refused to qualify. His father was a soldier of the Revolution, hav- ing engaged in thirteen battles, such as Bunker Hill, Predericktown, Trenton, etc. The father was reared in the same neighborhood with Gen. Washington. Our subject has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since 1852, at Stanford, and is now a member of Monroe Lodge, No. 22, Bloomington. On account of an impediment in his speech, he never at- tended school but two months in his life. His first wife taught him how to read. Mr. La Rue is a self-made man, and has always been wonder- fully successful in his business ventures. Two of his sons served in the army during the late war. By the community in which he resides he is highly respected. MATTHEW McCONNEL, a wide-awake young farmer of Monroe County, was born on October 21, 1854, in Guernsey County, Ohio, and is a son of Matthew and Margaret (Stephenson) McConnel, natives of Ohio and Maryland, and of Irish and Scotch-English descent. Matthew, our subject, was reared on a farm, and attended the public schools to some extent. He came to Indiana with his parents in the spring of 1857. They settled where the family now lives, and where his father purchased 225 acres of land about two miles west of Bloomington. Our subject married, February 26, 1882, Margaret L. Constable, of Ellettsyille, and daughter of John S. and Margaret (James) Constable, natives of South Carolina and Virginia. The couple have one child, Lora A. Mr. Mc- Connel is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and his wife is a Presbyterian. He has a fourth interest in 275 acres of land, left by his father, and which is improved with residence, barn, out-buildings and orchard. He is independent in politics. Charles W. Curry was born September 18, 1854, in Monroe County, and is ^the fifth of ten children born to William H. and Eliza A. (Swearingen) Curry. Charles W. was reared on a farm, and attended the public schools. On October 24, 1878, Mr. Curry married Sarah A. , a daughter of Matthew and Margaret (Ste- 648 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: phenson) McConnel, and sister of our subject. The couple are parents of two children— Bert E. and Homer L.— and are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JONAS E. MAY, an old settler and leading farmer and stock-raiser, was born January 25, 1834, in Perry Township, Monroe County, Ind. , and is the fourth of six children (five now living) born to David and Sarah (May) May, natives of North Carolina and Kentucky, and of Ger- man descent. David May and his wife were among the first settlers in the county. He has always been a farmer, and, consequently, Jonas B. was reared to that vocation, attending school when not employed about the farm, and, in 1854, took a course of six months at a university, and afterward was employed in teaching school for three years. He was salesman in a store at Harrodsburg, this county, for two years. January 12, 1860, Mr. May married Mary J. Wiseley, a native of this county, and a daughter of Jesse and Margaret (Woodward) Wiseley, Virginians, of German and Irish-German descent respectively. By this marriage there are three children — Clara B., Luther D. and Omar M. Mr. May possesses 274 acres of land, well cultivated and embellished with a fine brick residence, barn and outbuildings. The place is well supplied with a fine orchard, and with all necessary agricultural implements. For a start in life, Mr. May received about $2,000 from his father, and by industry has accumulated until he possesses as comfortable a home as any in the township. In 1872, Mr. May was elected Trustee of his township, held the office one term, was again elected in 1876, and held the office four years. He was a third time elected in 1882, and is now holding that position. He is very active in the interests of his township, and alive to those of the Eepublican party. GEORGE W. MOORE was born July 8, 1806, in Scott County, Ky., and is the fourteenth of fifteen children (fourteen of whom lived to rear families) born to Robert and Margaret (Mercer) Moore, natives of Ire- land. The father was a farmer. Our subject grew to manhood on a farm, his educational advantages being very poor. At the age of eighteen, he commenced the struggles of life on his own responsibility. For three years he drove a stage-coach team, and carried the United States mail. He drove the first four horse stage team ever driven from Lexington to Nashville, Tenn. He was agent for the United States mail line for four years, after which he engaged in farming, continuing five years. In the autumn of 1834, he came to Monroe County, and settled in Bloomington Township. He farmed for three years, then sold out, and moved to Bloomington, where he embarked in the dry goods and grocery trade, following this business twenty -five years, after which he disposed of his business and purchased the farm of 250 acres of land on which he now resides. To this he has added twenty-five acres, which addition makes him the owner of 275 acres, all in a high state of cultivation, and . having all the modern improvements. Mr. Moore was married, August 81, 1881, to Elizabeth Mouser, of Kentucky, and daughter of Frederic Mouser. Four children were born to them, three of whom, John S., Ann A. (Fletcher) and Louisa (Otwell), are living. In Washington Ter- ritory Mr. Moore made a purchase of 157 acres of timber for $300, which he subsequently sold for $1,300. On his farm he has a saltpeter cave, which has been explored three-fourths of a mile. Mr. M. and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since 1831. In politics he is a Re- publican. VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 649 DANIEL PAFFOED, an old settler and a most enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of Monroe County, was born in the summer of 1814, in North Carolina, and is the only child of his parents, who were natives of Scotland. Daniel was reared on a farm and, being an orphan, had very poor opportunities for obtaining an education. He was enabled, however, by paying his own way, to learn to read and write a little. Our subject came to Indiana in 1822, in company with a family named Mel- vin. They settled in Lawrence County, and Daniel Pafford remained with them until he was seventeen years old, and then began working at $1 per week, and at one time for $8 per month. On August 13, 1835, Mr, Pafford married Hannah McBride, of Lawrence County, and a daugh- ter of John and Mary (^Woodruff) McBride, respectively of English and Irish descent. They have had ten children, seven living — Gideon, Mary (Balanger), Elizabeth (Mayo), Frank, Solomon, Janet (Gentry) and John. The mother died, a Baptist, in 1863. In 1865, Mr. Pafford married Sarah Koy, of Lawrence County, and a daughter of Thomas and Polly Roy. This lady died in 1880, and in July, 1882, Mr. Pafford took for his third wife Eliza Stone, of Monroe County, and a daughter of William and Evaline (Hight) Roseberry. Mrs. Pafford is a member of the Chris- tian Church. Mr. Pafford is a Baptist, and owns 265 acres of land, with a good residence, bam and outbuildings, besides an orchard. He is a solid Democrat, and first voted for Van Buren. GEORGE NEWTON PXJETT, farmer and pioneer, was born on De- cember 11, 1827, on the farm now occupied by Andrew Reeves, in Bean Blossom Township, this county, and is the youngest son and the fifth of the eight children born to William and Hannah (Parks) Puett, natives of North Carolina, and of French-English and English extraction. William Puett came to this county in 1816, and cleared the first land upon which Spencer, Owen County, now stands, for Samuel Dunn, and also helped carry the first brick ever made in Bloomington. He was very poor and worked in various capacities, finally entering 160 acres of land, in 1817 or 1818, improved it and built the brick house now occupied by Andrew Reeves, then being considered a very fine dwelling. This was built in 1830. He was married about the time hjs lapd was entered. He be- longed to the Old Regular Baptist Church for about thirty years, and then joined the Missionary Baptist, in which church he preached for twenty years. Ho was opposed to slavery, and intemperance, was a great reader, and always supported the Whig and Republican parties, and died on July 3, 1877, in his eightieth year. Our subject's mother was a teacher and composer of music, and he has a book which was prepared by her in 1812, and in her native State she was considered a fine singer. George New- ton, our subject, was reared on a farm, and received a poor education. On February 24, 1848, Mr. Puett married Emily Hyneman, of Elletts- ville, and a daughter of John W. and Nancy (Drunon) Hyneman, Ken- tuckians, of Irish descent. By this union there were three , children — Rob N., John W., living at Colfax, 111., and Charles W., killed by a horse. Mrs. Puett died June 23, 1867, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Puett next married, on July 5, 1868, Mary A. Du Bois, a native of Brown County, and daughter of Levi B. and Martha M. (Green) Du Bois, natives of New York and of Ohio. By this union there were three children — William D., Mattie E. and George M. (de- ceased). Mr. Puett and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. After his first marriage Mr. Puett farmed on the old homestead in Bean 650 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Blossom Township, for four years ; then went to McLean County, i- •> entered 160 acres of land, and remained there five years. He then ^^^ back to the old farm, in Bean Blossom Township, for twelve years, and then to Illinois, bought back the old farm, and lived there six years. In February, 1874, Mr. Puett returned to Bean Blossom Township; thence to Ellettsville, and finally to this county, four miles west of Bloommgton. Mr. Puett owns 160 acres, all cultivated. He received forty acres from his father, which he sold for |250. A legacy of $600, received after his father's death, was all the help he had. Mr. Puett began preaching in the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1856; was ordained Deacon October 2, 1864, and Elder September 12, 1880, by Bishop Foss. Mr. Puett has taught singing for about twenty-five years of his life. . W. W. Puett, subject's elder brother, has been a member of the old Indiana Conference for thirty years. Our subject belongs to the I. O. O. F. and to the Grange, being Chaplain of the order. He was first a Whig, then a Ee- publioau and finally a Greenbacker. In 1876, he was candidate for .Representative on the Greenback ticket. He is much respected and prized as a valuable citizen of the county. HAliEIS A. RICHEY Was born January 4, 1863, in Noble County, Ohio, and is the eldest of the two children of Thomas J. and Mary E. (Elliott) Richey, natives of Ohio and of Irish origin. Harris A. was reared on a farm, and was instructed to a certain degree in the public schools. He also took a year's course at Mitchell, Ind. Mr. Richey has taught two terms. He remained at home until his fifteenth year, then farmed, attending school part of the time. Mr. Richey spent one year in Kansas, then clerked, and finally attended school at Valparaiso, where he left in 1881. He then came to Stanford, bought an interest in a store there in April, 1883, and in August bought out his partner's interest, and now is sole manager and proprietor. On November 25, 1883, Mr. Richey married Ella S. Brown, of Monroe County, and a daughter of William J. and Mary E. (Rice) Brown, natives of Green and Monroe Counties. Mrs. Richey is a Missionary Baptist. Her husband is an act- ive Republican, and is a rising young man of this county. WILLIAM J. SEMPLE was born in Ireland, February 17, 1820, and is the third of eight children born to William and Esther (Hemphill) Semple, natives of Ireland. William J. was reared on a farm, and received but thirteen months of schooling. In 1847, he came to this country, landed at New York City, and after working on a farm for four years, in 1852 he came to Monroe County, Ind. , settling in this town- ship. Mr. Semple purchased 217 acres of land, improved it, and oceu- . pied it for seventeen years. He then sold out and was in Kansas three months, expecting to settle there, but finally returned and bought the farm which he now owns. It consists of 240 acres, which Mr. Semple has improved, and upon which he has a good residence, barn, and out- buildings, supplemented by an orchard. Mr. Semple's second marriage took place in October, 1870, to Sarah Hemphill, of St. Clair County, 111. She was born in Ireland, and was a daughter of John and Mary (Reed) Hemphill, natives of Ireland. Mr. Semple owns sixty acres in Greene County. He was first married on May 28, 1863, to Eliza, daughter of Benjamin and Amelia (Campbell) Baxter, all natives of Ireland. He and his present wife are members of the United Presbyterian Church and he votes the Republican ticket. ' ADDISON C. SMITH, an old settler and wide-awake citizen of the county, was born on March 11, 1827, in Bloomington, being one of the VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 651 first children born there. He is the oldest of three children born to Dudley C. and Elizabeth (Berry) Smith, natives of Vermont and North Carolina, and of English and German descent respectively. Addison C. was reared upon a farm, and was seat some of the time to the public ficbools. He lived with his parents until he was eighteen years old, when he commenced learning the carpenter trade, following it for one year. He enlisted in the Mexican war, June, 1847, in Company A, Third In- diana Volun>teers, serving under Capt. John Sliiss and Col. James H Lane, and took par-t in the battle of Buena Vista. He was honorably discharged in July, 1848, at New Orleans. Mr. Smith returned home, and worked at hie trade for two years. He then married Sarah Hardesty, of Bloomington, Ind., and a daughter of George and Martha A. (Blair) Hardesty, Virginians, of English ancestry. By this marriage there were six children, of wh&m five are living — Donald H., Alice (Shirley), Egbert, Thurston and Rodney. In 1852, they went to Missouri, settling near St. Joseph. Mr. Smith' entered forty and purchased forty acres. He remained here six years, and then returned to this county and town-, ship, where he has been living ever since. Mr. Smith owns 118 acres of land, which is cultivated, improved and embellished with a good resi- dence and outbuildings, besides a fine young orchard. He and family are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Smith takes great interest in education, and has given all his children the best of opportunities. He is a Eepublican, and has been four terms Assessor of his township, and was appointed one year by the Councy Board. Mr. Smith is a liberal giver in charity. DUDLEY F. SMITH, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in the vicinity of his present home, in Van Buren Township, on March 17, 1839. He was the third of five children of parents Dudley C. and Isa- belle (Porch) Smith, natives of Vermont and North Carolina, and of En- glish origin. Dudley C. Smith was thrice married He first married Maria Humphrey, who bore him one child — Olivia (Givens). He was next married to Elizabeth Berry, of English birth. Her brother founded an institution called " Harmony, " where everything was in common. To this marriage were born two children (both living). The family came to Monroe County in 1820, settling near Bloomington, and there re- mained for five years. They then came to this township and purchased 100 acres of land, partly improved. They were among the first to settle here, and Mr. Smith died here at the age of eightj'-four, possessing 600 acres of land, and $10,000 in money. He distributed this among his children, and died a member of the Christian Church, in which he had been an Elder for about forty years. The grandmother of Dudley F. Smith was a sister of Salmon P. Chase, of national fame. Dudley F. attended common schools, and also the State University. His father had taught for fifteen years, and our subject has also, followed that vocation to some degree. Mr. Smith married, December 23, 1863, Sarah Blank- •enship, a native of Decatur County, Ind. She is a daughter of James and Dolly (Stark) Blankenship, of English ancestry. To them were given four children, three now living — Winona, Ulysses Howe and Paul. Mr. Smith owns 120 acres, besides an interest in 560 acres in his father's estate. The family are members of the Christian Church. He belonged to the Grange, and is now a Republican. THOMAS W. SPARKS, an enterprising merchant of Stanford, Mon- roe County, was born on March 3, 1852, in this county, and is the first 652 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: of five children born to Henry and Sally J. (Holder) Sparks, the former coming to Indiana about the year 1842, and settling in Greene bounty, where eighty acres of land were entered by our subject's grandfather, who was a soldier in the war of 1812. Our subject was reared on a farm, and received a common school education. At eighteen years of age, he attended a high school, finished the freshman year at the Uni- versity at Bloomington, after which he taught four terms. His marriage was to Lou Emma, the daughter of Elah and Elvira (Givens) Butcher, of Monroe County. Six children have been born to them — Clara (deceased), Ivy, Earl, Fannie Pearl, Zelletha Jane and Oscar. Mr. Sparks owns fifty acres of good land in this township, well improved with a good res- idence, barn and outbuildings. He also owns a half interest in the store and building at Stanford. With the exception of $500, he has accumulated his fortune by his own industry. In politics, he is a Democrat. WILLIAM STONE, one of the pioneers and enterprising farmers of this township, was born on December 16, 1820, and is the fifth of nine children, six of whom are living, born to Ellis and Margaret (Denny) Stone, Virginians, of English lineage. Ellis Stone came to Monroe County in the fall of 1819, and purchased the farm upon which our sub- ject now lives, paying $6 per acre for 160 acres. He was very industri- ous, and owned finally 400 acres, dying in his eightieth year. He ran a carding mill in an early day; often walked about six miles to hear a dis- course on Sunday. He was a Whig, then a Republican. He moved the carding mill to Bloomington, where our subject lived for thirteen years. When his father lived in town, he, with two of his daughters, went to their farm every spring, and made 700 and 800 pounds of maple sugar, and carried the sap in pails, and the sugar to the town through timber infested with wolves. William, our subject was educated at Blooming- ton, and also attended the University three terms. Mr. Stone owns 210 acres of land, well cultivated, stocked, and embellished with a good brick residence, which was built by his father in 1840. He also owns good town property. He is a Republican in politics. Mr. Stone says, in early days, they did not settle difficulties with a law suit, but the par- ties fought to settle them. On one occasion, a man married a young daughter of one of our old settlers, and soon the parents learned that their son-in-law had another wife in Tennessee, and the girl' s brother was commissioned to thresh the son-in-law. The old lady took an active interest in the duel. The man was whipped, and his wife left him. The punishment was witnessed by all the neighbors, their seconds having been selected by the respective parties from their friends. I. J. WHISENNAND, an old settler and enterprising farmer of Monroe County, was born in Sullivan County, Tenn. , on February 18, 1829, and is the seventh of thirteen children born to Isaac and Mary Ann (Isley) Whisennand, natives of Virginia, and of German- descent. Isaac Whisennand came to Monroe County in 1830, and brought our subject with him. He entered 132 acres of land, improved it, and lived there till his death. Isaac Whisennand was a member of the Board of Trustees in an early day. Our subject was reared on this farm, and was sent to the common schools. On September 19, 1850, he married Mary Matilda Farmer, of Monroe County, and a daughter of Eli P. and Eliza- beth Farmer, natives of Virginia and Indiana, and of Welsh and Ger- man origin. Eli P. Farmer was an itinerant Methodist Episcopal min- INDIAN CREEK TOWNSHIP. 653 ister. By this union Mr. Whissannand had born to him four children, two living — Albert W. and Carrie (Rook). -The mother died in July, 1863, and on February 11, 1864, our subject was married to Sabina Clark, of Gibson County, Ind., and a daughter of William B. and Mary (Wigens) Clark, natives of North Carolina and Kentucky, and of Irish and German descent. William B. Clark was Ijorn in 1798, and came to Gibson County in 1805, where he lived the rest of his life, and was one of the old settlers of the county, Mr. Whissennand had five children by his last marriage — Samuel, Lillie P., Eosetta, Mary E. and Martha Ann. He and wife belong to the Church of God. Mr. Whisennand bought the farm of eighty acres which he now occupies shortly after his first marriage. It is now in a good state of cultivation, with a fine house, barn, etc. He gives liberally to all charities. For President, he east his first vote for Pierce. In 1860, he voted for Lincoln, but in 1876 he com- menced voting with the Greenback party, and has been ever since an active worker in that party. INDIAN CREEK TOWNSHIP.' ELI BOWERS was born in this county May 21, 1841, and is the eldest of the three children of Peter and Sarah (May) Bowers. During youth, he received the rudiments of an education from the ordinary schools of the district. Septembers, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Forty -third Regiment Indiana Volunteers; served three ye9.rs and ten months; re-enlisted January, 1864, served until June, 1865, and partic- ipated in the following engagements: New Madrid, Island No. 10, Fort Pillow, Memphis, Fort Pemberton, Helena, Little Rock, Elkin's Ford and Mark Hill, where he was captured, taken to Texas for ten months and then exchanged. After his return, he applied himself to tilling mother earth, and occasionally working as a carpenter. December 23, 1866, he married Nancy J., daughter of William M. and Nancy Roy, natives of Kentucky, and this union was graced by the birth of five children — ^Emma A., Paulina E., Charles M., G. Peter and Wilson. Mr. Bowers is a practical farmer and owns a good farm and home of seventy- five acres. He is politically a Republican. HENRY BURCH was born in Stokes County, N. C, July 24, 1813, and is the seventh of the nine children of John and Judith (Suthern) Burch. In 1819, he was brought to this neighborhood with his parents, where he has continuously made his home. He lived with his parents until April 9, 1840, when he married Rebecca L. Gentry, a union which gave being to fourteen children — Sabra Ann, Damaris (deceased), Thomas B., Gilbert L., Almira J. (deceased), Francis R., infant (deceased), Den- nis N., Mary E., Henry J., Luther M. (deceased), Sarah H., Ira A. and Nancy M. Mr. Burch has a good farm of 252 acres. He is a Democrat, and he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. Gilbert L. Burch was born September 14, 1845; was reared in this township, where he obtained a fair school education aild grew to man's estate. December 10, 1865, he wedded Nancy Ferguson, to which union three children have been bestowed — Ida G. , Henderson R. and Orrin E. In about 654 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; five years after his marriage, he moved on to a farm near Buona Vista, where he remained for three years. He has divided his time between carpentering and farming. In 1882, he was elected Township Clerk for four years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, of the Baptist Church, and is, politically, a Democrat. WILLIAM F. CORMA.N is a native of this county, was born May 29, 1837, and is the youngest of the six children born to Jacob and Mary Corman, both natives of Kentucky. William was reared in Clear Creek Township, this county, where he was educated in the common schools. November 16, 1863, he married Lydia J., daughter of Elijah J. and Matilda Morgan, old settlers of this county. By this union they had born to them six children — Flora A., James W. (deceased), Frank V., Nannie L., Myrtie and Ellis E. Mr. Corman has followed blacksmithing nearly the whole of his life, with the management of a farm in the meantime, which embraces eighty acres of very excellent and well-im- proved land. He is a reputable citizen and worthy gentlemen, and in political faith a Democrat. PLEASANT FOSSETT is a native of Rowan County, N. C, and is the eldest of the seven children born to John and Elizabeth (Moss) Fossett. Our subject was born July 13, 1820, and was brought hither by his parents soon after his birth, where he has continued to reside. When a boy, he attended the subscription schools of bis neighborhood. October 27, 1842, he married Mary Ann Crum, the youngest child of John and Sarah Cram. By this union have been born six children. Mr. Fossett resides on an improved farm of 800 acres. He is a highly honored citi- zen, a practical and successful farmer, in political choice a Democrat, and cast his first vote for James K. Polk; he has been for twelve years a member of the Knights of Pythias. In 1848, he was elected to the ofBce and served for five years as Justice of the Peace, and he has also served as Township Trustee. PICKNEY G. MOORE, farmer, is a native of Lawrence County, Ind., was born July 2, 1841, and is the seventh of the eight children of John and Rachel (Lemmon) Moore, natives of North Carolina. Pick- ney resided on the home farm until December 25, 1861, at which event- ful date he enlisted in Company I, Fifty-ninth Regiment Indiana Yolun- teers, and was in some small skirmishes while en route to Island No. 10, and was in regular battle at Corinth, Miss.; Boonville, Shiloh, Holly Springs, Vicksburg, Champion Hill, Buzzard's Roost, Missionary Kidge and Gen. Sherman's march. He was discharged July 17, 1865, as Ser- geant. August 6, 1865, he married Miss Elizabeth Bennett, and to them were bestowed a family of nine children, five of whom were named Mary Jane, Ellsworth, Louisa E., Commodore Perry and Edward N. After his marriage, Mr. Moore moved to a farm in this county, where he lived for one year, afterward removing to Sullivan County for seven years; thence to Illinois for four years, and finally returned hither, where he owns a farm of forty acres. Mrs. Moore left this world July 16, 1882 Mr Moore is a Democrat, and a worthy and respected citizen. ELIJAH J. MORGAN is a native of this township, where he now resides. He was born August 8, 1818, and attended school but a short time during his youth. January 5, 1837, he married Matilda Good wine, a native of Monroe County, by which union were born four children— Wilham S., Nancy M., Lydia J. and Lucinda D. May 26, 1846 he en- listed at Ketchum's Mill for one year's service in the Mexican war and INDIAN CREEK TOWNSHIP. 655 was present at the battle of Buena Vista. After returning, he engaged in farming, which has been his liie-long occupation, on the farm purchased by his parents, Elijah and Mary (Crum) Morgan, in 1817. This farm comprises 160 acres. Mr. Morgan is one of the oldest residents of this township; he is a member of Lodge 173, A., F. & A. M. In 1867, he was elected Justice of the Peace, and served two terms of four years each; was re-elected in 1880, but resigned after serving eighteen months. Mrs. Morgan died October 28, 1883. Mr. Morgan is a Democrat by political preference. JOEL H. MORGAN is a native of this township, who first saw the light September 12, 1836, and is the fifth of the eight in the family of Absalom and Elizabeth (May) Morgan. Absalom Morgan came to this township in 1817, where our subject has passed his days in the capacity of a farmer. September 9, 1867, he married Emma May, by which union they had bestowed on them three children — Ira I., Laura E. and Walter E. ; Mrs. Morgan died June, 1872, and December 28, 1875, Mr. Morgan was united in wedlock with Miss Elizabeth East. To this mar- riage was born one child — Minnie E. Mr. Morgan is the owner of 206 acres of good land, now his home. January, 1865, he enlisted in Com- pany I, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Indiana Volunteers; occupied his time in guard duty for a term of one year. Mr. Morgan is a practical farmer, a good citizen, and a member of the Odd Fellow and Knights of Pythias brotherhoods. WILLIAM A. SAKE first saw the light in this county April 9, 1861, being the only son of Martin and Susan Sare. The father of William A. Sare died when he was a boy, and he was thereafter reared by his grandfather, William Bowen, with whom he remained until he wap nine- teen years old. December 31, 1879, he married Miss Serena Jones, the third child of Catherine Jones, and by this union they were made happy in the birth of thr^e children — Sesta, Walter B. and Myrtle I. After marriage, Mr. Sare lived for about one year, and then moved to his present home, a farm embracing 100 acres of very excellent and well- cultivated land. Mr. Sare has been a reasonably prosperous gentleman; he is by political election a Democrat, and a worthy, honored and prom- ising citizen. JOHNG. J. SMITH is a native of West Virginia, was born July 24, 1814, and is the seventh child of Anthony and Achsah Smith, natives of New Jersey, who moved to Pennsylvania, and thence to West Virginia. John received a good subscription school education, and in 1850 moved to Noble County, Ohio. In 1 876, he removed to this township, where he purchased 321 acres, all of which are well improved. October 13, 1836, he married Isabel B. , daughter of Caleb and Margaret Tarelton. Twelve children have honored this union — Louisa M., Achsah C, Irwin T., Mary E., Harriet E., Sarah C, John 1, Susan A. and Nancy A. (twins, deceased), Emily H, Charles G. and Ida B. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Smith was a magistrate in Noble County, Ohio, for six years; he is a Republican. Chaeles G. Smith was born in Noble (Jounty, Ohio, March 4, 1859, the eleventh of the twelve children of John G. J. and Isabel B. Smith. He was reared in Ohio, and there obtained a good education. February 13, 1879, he married Paulina Sullivan, a native of this township, the fruits of which union were three children — Gertrude, Beulah and Ira. After his marriage, Mr. Smith lived with his father until January, 1884, 656 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: when he moved to hia mother iu-law's fai-m, and has since given atten- tion to ao;riculture and stock-raising. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Smith has now a farm of ninety-six acres; he is a Republican. IRWIN T. SMITH, farmer, is a native of West Virginia, came into the world December 21, 1841, and is the third child of a family of twelve born to John G. J. and Isabel H. (Tarelton) Smith. Irwin T. Smith re- ceived the rudiments of a necessary edacation from the general schools of his neighborhood. While in Noble County, Ohio, he enlisted in Com- pany H, One Hundred and Sixteenth Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, and had the glory of participating in the following engagements: Piedmont, Lynchburg, Cedar Creek, Richmond, the charge on Fort Gregg, and the pursuit of Gen. Lee, and was discharged with honor in December, 1865. March 4, 1868, he was united in wedlock with Miss Alcensa, a daughter of A. C. and Elizabeth Lawrence, from which alliance descended a'fam- ily of five children — Philip Sheridan, Hattie J. , Doris, Myra and John L. Mr. Smith has been during his whole life a farmer, who came to this township in 1875, and purchased a well-improved, cultivated, productive farm, covering ninety acres. He is a highly respected citizen, a Repub- lican in political faith, and, with his consort, an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JACOB TAGTJE, farmer and stock-dealer, is a native of Stokes Coun- ty, N. C, was born January 22, 1818, and is the third child and only son of Michael and Catherine (Holder) Tagne, who moved to this town- ship from North Carolina in 1829. Jacob received his education from the schools of this township, where he grew to man's estate. May 14, 1840, he married Iiouisa Jane, eldest child of James and Marzilla King, and to this union were born nine children — Mahala A. (deceased), Martha J. (deceased), Catherine, Lydia Jane, Margaret O. (deceased), George M., James M., Jacob W. and William L. , Mrs. Tague died Au- gust 15, 1862, and January 29, 1863, Mr. Tague wedded a second spouse, the eldest child of William and Christian Fowler, and a native of Maryland, by which marriage was born to them one child. Mr. Tague resides on a good farm of 958 acres, which is part of his father's home- stead. He has in addition to farming, given much attention to the rais- ing and shipping of stock. Mr. Tague is a Democrat and a highly re- spected citizen. GEORGE M. TAGUE is a native of this State, was born March 6, 1847, and was reared in this township, where he received the rudiments of a good English education. He lived with his parents until 1867, at which time he moved to Mssouri and followed farming for eighteen months. December 25, 1867, he married Espy.F., daughter of Alvis and L. Jane Moore, natives of Lawrence County, Ind. From this union has succeeded one child— Jacob E. After marriage, he moved to Kansas- and there engaged in farming for about two years, thereafter retui-ning to this township, where he purchased land and lived thereon four years; he then sold this, after which he followed teaming successfully for a time, and is now engaged in farming. In 1878, he wa« elected Constable of this township, as which he served iot two years. Mr. Tague is a son of Jacob and Lo,uisa J. Tague. WILLIAM E. TARKINGTON, farmer, is a native of this county. He was born December 9, 1833, and is the second son of the nine chil- dren which made up the family of Elsberry W. and Lucinda (Letrg) INDIAN CREEK TOWNSHIP. 657 Tarkington; the former a native of Tennessee, the latter of Kentucky. William E. Tarkington obtained the rudiments of a good English educa- tion from the district schools of his boyhood. He was in the volunteer service during the late war for about two weeks. April 9, 1860, he married Miss Mary M., daughter of John and Mary Thrasher, the fruits of which alliance were four children — Martha J., Ella T., Nettie E. and William. Mr. Tarkington makes his home on a farm of 141 acres which is in good cultivation and has many improvements, and where he has resided con- tinuously since 1859. Mr. Tarkington is a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the M. E. Church. GILBERT THOMPSON is a native of County Antrim, Ireland, and was born June 7, 1813, and attended subscription school in his native . county. In August, 1833, he married Agnes Guiery, likewise a native of Ireland. By this union were born seven children —Edward, Mar- garet, James (deceased), Joseph, Jane, Martha (deceased), and Gilbert Albert. Mr. Thompson was owner of ten acres in Ireland, on which he lived for several years after his marriage, and which he sold after- ward and opened a provision store in Carrick Fergus, Ireland; this he disposed of at a later period, and worked in a ship yard until •1854, when he emigrated to the United States, rented a farm near Blooming- ton, Ind., for three years, and thereafter purchased his present farm, which includes 103 acres of well improved and highly productive land. Mr. Thompson is a Republican in politics, and he and wife are members of the United Presbyterian Church. ELMORE F. WALKER is a native of this township, and was born November 10, 1842, and is the youngest of the eleven children of Elmore and Henrietta (Burch) Walker. Our subject was reared in this township, where he obtained the rudiments of a good education, which he completed at the high school at New Albany. December 25, 1861, he enlisted, at Gosport, Ind., in Company I, Fiftyruinth Indiana Volunteers, in which he served three years and seven months, and took part at New Madrid (where he was wounded, afterward rejoining his regiment at Corinth, Miss.), Holly Springs, Memphis, Jackson, Champion Hills, Vicksburg, Chattanooga and the Atlanta campaign. November 1, 1868, he married Lucinda Keck, from which union sprang seven children — Jesse L., Or- pha H., Jewett, Mary A., Bayard, Alva and Emma. Mr. Walker has fought the battle of life for himself since he was ten years of age. After his marriage, he purchased land in this township, and lived thereon seven years, then moved to Lawrence County, but soon returned to this locality, and has since resided here — on a farm containing sixty valuable acres. Mr. Walker is a Republican, and he and wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.' JOHN T. WOODWARD, merchant, is a native of Greene County, Ind., was born April 5, 1860, and is the fifth of the twelve children of John T. and Lucinda A. Woodward. Our subject was reared in this township, and received a fair education from the primary schools, which was completed at the Bloomington High School, and by one year at Val- paraiso. He has been a' teacher for the past four years in this township, and he has also a half interest with W. H. King in a general store at Buena Vista. December 24, 1880,- he married Summie H., daughter of Jerry and Ann Black, through which union descended one child — Roy H. Mr. Woodward is a prominent and worthy citizen, an enterprising and liberal business man, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church 658 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : by religious preference, a member of the Eepublican party by political preference, and one of the trusted and promising young men of this township. DAVID WEIGHT was born near Utica, Ind., November 16, 1806, and is the third of the family of James and Elizabeth (Sears) Wright, who moved to this State in 1816; located in the timber, which they cleared, and thereby made a home. September 14, 1829, he married Caroline M., daughter of John and Elizabeth Kutch, by which union were produced thirteen children — John, James, Alfred, Levi, Jane, Eliz- abeth, Euin, Jacob, Nancy, Clarinda, David D. and two infants, de- ceased. After marriage, Mr. Wright lived with his father about a year, when he bought land and lived thereon for six years, afterward purchas- ing his present home and farm, comprising seventy acres of excellent and well improved land, on which he has since resided. Mrs. Wright died January, 1881, and January, 1882, Mr. Wright married a second wife; they are members of the Christian Church. Alfeed Weight was born in this township February 11, 1833, and is the third son of David and Caroline Wright. He received the rudiments of a good education; and March 7, 1850, married Eliza Eebecca Boyd. After his marriage, he lived with his father for some years, when he moved to Illinois, remained a few months, returned, and at the division of his father's land received forty-one acres. Mr. and Mrs. Wright are leading members of the Christian Church, of which Mr. Wright is an Elder; they are parents of eleven children — William E. (deceased), John W., Minerva J., Laura A., Mary C. (deceased), Jefferson M., Alfred Perry, Isaac S., David Grant, James M. and Eliza A. F. CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. ALEXANDEE S. BAKEE, minister of the M. P. Church, was born February 12, 1827, on the western shore of Maryland, and is a son of Maiden and Eliza (Culenbaugh) Baker. Maiden Baker was born Sep- tember 22, 1802, and was about thirty years old when he moved to this State and settled on Indian Creek. He raised the first tobacco raised in the county, and labored as an ordained local preacher. Alexander S. Baker was married November 11, 1852, to Sarah A. Johnston, who died July 11, 1865, leaving six children. August 16, 1866, he wedded Mrs. Nancy E. Hagan, a native of Eush County, to which union were born three children— Elma, Hugh and Henry. Mr. Baker obtained his educa- tion principally by the firelight at home, continuing his studies long after he was married. Mr. Baker is a member of the Masonic fraternity of the degree of Eoyal Arch; he is also a radical temperance worker, and an esteemed citizen, and an honorable conscientious gentleman ALBEET F. BENNETT, merchant at Smithville, was born July 22, 1848, in Clarke County, Ind., and is a son of Granville M. and Parmelia J. (Jacob) Bennett Granville M. Bennett was a physician; moved from Clarke to Monroe County, and settled on a farm one mile from Smith- ville, practicing medicine until his decease— April 27, 1854. His widow afterward married Eli Wray, later moved to Jackson County, and died CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. 659 September 30, 1877. Albert F. Bennett received only such education as the county schools afforded, but by home study acquired a fair educa^ tion, so as to enable him to teach, which ho did from 1874 to 1877, in and around Smithville. In 1877, he purchased the store of Dr. J. N. Warriiig, and has since conducted the business, carrying a large stock of general merchandise! May 19, 1879, he married Miss Isabel Gaither, a lady he had known since childhood, and an estimable member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This union was cemented by the birth of one child — John M., a bright and promising boy. Mr. Bennett has made his way to success by his unaided exertions and inherent energy. lu politics, he is a Republican, and is a public-spirited, liberal gentleman. HIRAM BUTCHER, pioneer of Monroe County, was brought to this section by his parents, whfen two years old, and has been the pet of Indian friends and the playfellow of Indian children. He was born in Johnson County, Tenn., September 5, 1816. His father, Solomon Butcher, was also a native of Tennessee, a farmer and carpenter, who married Catherine Stevens, and they, with two children, moved to this region by wagon, purchased 160 acres, and made a good home and valu- able farm. These parents had born to them eleven children. Hiram is the eldest of this family, and when a youth received but six months' schooling, educating himself by the light of the fire, since which time he has pursued such studies as have made up for his early disadvantages. When twenty-two years old he married Amelia Beasley, of Lawrence County, Ind., and thereafter began life for himself by purchasing a mill, and afterwaa:-d gaining and improving 300 acres. After bartering , for and occupying various lands, Mr. Butcher purchased the Fairfax property for 19,750. He was not exempt from reverses, but now has a good farm of 140 acres. He is a Republican, was for six years Justice of the Peace, and made the law a study, as also the Bible. He and wife are, and have been for forty-five years, members of the Christian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Butcher have three girls and two boys, all of whom are married. WILFORD CARTER, merchant at Smithville, was born February 15, 1823, in Jackson County, Ind., and is the third son of Benjamin and Nancy (Reynolds) Carter. Benjamin Carter was a native of Patrick County, Va., and in 1815 moved to Indiana. He was a father of nine children, the eldest son being the first man to settle at Seymour, Ind.f where he is now a merchant. Wilford Carter began life for himself when twenty years old, his father having died in limited circumstances, and by his integrity saved the farm and paid all claims. In 1848^ with $100 and some credit, be Commenced business in Dudleytown with James Stephens, which continued eighteen months, when he purchased the old homestead and engaged in farming. Soon after, he founded another store, in company with Mr. Stephens, at Tampico, and laid out a town on his land. In 1854, he purchased a half-interest in another business, and in 1857 commenced the enterprise he is now pur- suing. He also owns 160 acres near Smithville. In 1849, he married Sarah Powell, who died March 15, 1870, leaving three children. August 21, 1870, he wedded Mrs. Martha McCormick, by which marriage they have two children — Mary M.' and Ralph. Mr. Carter has been for four terms Justice of the Peace, and has united in marriage many couples. He is a Republican, a temperance worker, and he and wife belong to th& Methodist Church. €60 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: GEORGE GAITHER, farmer, Smithville, was born on the parental homestead, where he now resides, September 22, 1855, and is one of tne family of Perry and Betsy Ann (Ketcham) Gaither, the former a native of Kentucky, born in 1809. These parents married in this State, and settled where Ketcham's mill now stands. Mr. Gaither was owner of 200 acres. He was for several years Township Trustee, a Republican politically, and died in 1876. Mrs. Gaither died in 1878. They had twelve children, and were members of the M. E. Church. George, our subject, married, in the autumn of 1878, Miss Mary Deckaral, a native of Smithville, to which union have been born two children —Emma, and an infant daughter (deceased). Mr. Gaither has a good home and farm compr-'sinl 115i acres, all of which is cultivated. He is a radical tem- perance reformer, a Republican, and he and wife are communicants of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOSEPH HA.RROLL, farmer, is a native of Virginia, was bom March 7, 1826, and is a son of James and Mary (Thrasher) Harroll, natives of Virginia, also parents of seven girls and seven boys. James Harroll moved to Monroe County, Ind., about 1830, and settled near Bloomington, there being then perhaps three houses. He lived for ■eighteen years on rented ground, after which time he purchased 160 acres near Smithville, and died in 1864, his wife preceding him by two years. Joseph Harroll worked for his father until manhood, and after- ward at making rails for 37 cents per hundred; at railroad work for $1 per day, and later, as section boss for eight years. With $1,100, he par- chased 80 acres, on which he commenced farming. Soon after, he pur- chased, at times, various amounts of land, which he sold. He now has 110 acres, all in cultivation, with house, barns, orchard, fencing, etc. In 1861, he married Jane Holland, with a result of one child— Arthusa J. This mother died, and Mr. Harroll married, in 1865, Jane Adams, who gave being to four children — John, Samuel, Willie and Tabitha. Mr. Harroll is a Republican, a temperance worker, and a member of the Christian Church. SAMUEL R. HUMSTON, physician, is a native of Lawrence County, Ind., was born October 19, 1846, and is a son of William M. and Lavi- nia E. (Glover) Humston, the former a native of Virginia, the latter of Indiana. The grandfather of our subject, Edward Humston, came from Scotland; he was a millwright, moved to this section at an early day and built several mills. Samuel R. Humston had a good common school edu- cation, and when twenty-two years old, began teaching in Lawrence County, and soon after commenced to read medicine under Dr. S. A. Rari- den, of Bedford, and to study Latin; still later, he attended lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich., and afterward began practice in Lawrence County, then at Heltonville, and since 1872 has done a leading business here. December 6, 1877, he married Miss Sallie R. Rariden, daughter of his former preceptor, to which union were born two children, both deceased. Dr. Humston and wife are members of the Methodist Church for twenty years. He is Republican in political 'choice, and furnished the following statement: Distance traveled in active practice, 12,380 miles; number of visits, 2,692. DANIEL KETCHAM (deceased) was born near Shelbyville, Ky., in 1806s His father. Col. John Ketcham moved to this State with his fam- ily when the same was a Territory, and settled near Brownstown, whence he removed to Jackson County, and in 1818 to Monroe County, and CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. 661 soon after to the farm on GleEir Creek, now the home of his youngest son. In 1836, our subject married Mary Worley, by which union they had four children — Eliza A., John H. , Francis William and Lizzie. In J 852, Daniel Ketoham moved with his family to Smith ville, where he lived during his remainder of life. Mr. Ketoham was an affectionate husband, a kind ])arent, and an upright citizen. For thirty -five years, he was an honored member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in which he held several offices of trust. Religion sustained him at all times, and most particularly in his closing hours. When asked if willing to depart and if his trust was in Jesus, he answered affirmatively. He left this world September 28, 1877, in perfect peace. September 13, 1862, Miss Eliza A., eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ketoham, departedt-his life, a lovely and promising woman, whose loss is a lifelong lament. Mrs. Ketoham lives with her daughter, Lizzie Ketoham. and her grandchild, Minnie, on the homestead. Miss Lizzie is a gracious and amiable young lady, universally regarded with admiration and love. WILLIAM LEONARD, farmer and stock-dealer, was born Febru- ary 13, 1817, in Paoli, Orange County, Ind., and is the eldest son of Henry and Martha (Rains) Leonard, the former a native of North Caro- lina, who came to Indiana in 1816. The grandfather of our subject was of Irish descent. Henry Leonard tirat located in Orange County, where he remained two years, then went to Lawrence County for three years, whence he came to Monroe County and settled in what is now Clear Creek Township, and built a log house; the place consisted of eighty acres of timber. After a period of about twelve years, he moved near Bloomington, and remained. William Leonard was reared with his par- ents; his early education was sparse, having attended school only in the worst winter weather; but he studied by night, and thus acquired con- siderable education unaided. He worked by day at clearing, plowing and the like, and also split rails for 37 cents a hundred, and paid a debt of his father's for $100 at $7 per month. When twenty-two years old, he became a teacher, at which, in conjunction with farming, he employed his time during the year for two years, and also attended school at Har- rodsburg; thien returned to teaching, and taught in the Woodard School - house seven consecutive winter terms. January 5, 1843, he married Lu- cinda G-rimes, whose father was one of the first settlers and the first grand-juryman of the township. After marriage, Mr. Leonard moved to Perry Township, where he taught a six months' term in the free schools. For^this he received 190, sold a colt for 110, and entered therewith eighty acres of land. After the school term, he moved to the farm on which he now lives, oE 108 acres, making in all, as land owned by him, 252 acres. He has erected a large dwelling, good barns, and has the same cleared and in good cultivation, as well as stocked with excellent cattle. Mr. Leonard was once a Whig, but is now a Republican, and was Township Trustee at a time when each township had such an officer, and was afterward Township Clerk for two terms. He is an upright man, an esteemed citizen, a member of the Christian Church, of which he has been an Elder twenty years, and is now Sabbath School Superintend- ent. Mrs. Leonard died August 1, 1873, after which he married Mrs. Nancy Boruff, with one _ son — Samuel D. ; she is also a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Leonard has been father of thirteen children, of whom six sons and three daughters are living — John H., a physiciau of Blkinsville; James T., a farmer; Alfred M. , served during the war, and 662 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: died after his return; William I., now in Texas; David M., died^in in- fancy; Silas M., now in Portland, Oregon; Lewis O., a graduate of Bloomington University; Homer, now attending Bloomington University; Martha J., now Mrs. W. J. Taylor, of New Albany, Ind. ; Nannie E., now Mrs. J. 0. Miller; Lida, a music teacher in Portland, Oreg. L. T. LOWDER, M. D., was born near Springville, Lawrence Co., Ind., May 6, 1846, is the son of Lynden and Mary H. (Short) Lowder, and is of English-Irish origin. The father of Mi-. Lowder was born in Boone County, Ind., in 1816, and came to Lawrence County the year following. His mother was born in Greene County in 1819. His paternal grandfather was Ralph Lowder, a native of North Carolina. His great- grandfather was John Lowder, a native of England. Dr. Lowder received a good literary education, having spent two years in Blooming- ton University. In 1870, he came to Harrodsburg and began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Beard. After attending two full courses at the Indiana State Medical College, he graduated in February, 1873. He then came to Harrodsburg, and here has since been in successful practice. He was married, in 1873, to Miss Alice A. Stipp, a native of Harrodsburg, and a daughter of George Stipp, one of the prominent and successful farmers of the county. To this union have been born children as follows: Daisy E., Rosa M., Mary C, Lindsey C, Lillie E. and George. Politically, Dr. Lowder is a Republican. In 1864, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Thirty- sixth Indiana Volunteers. He was honorably discharged the same year. He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity and the order of Knights of Pythias. CHESLEY D. McLAHLAN, M. D., is a native of Lawrence County, Ind., born October 29, 1847, son of Oliver and Sarah (Davis) McLahlan, and comes of Scotch-Irish origin. The father of Dr. McLahlan was an Ohioan and his mother is of North Carolina birth. The early life of Dr. McLahlan was spent in attending the district school and in his father's service. He afterward attended school at Bedford, Ind., where he obtained a fair common school education. He enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Indiana Volunteers, and served until the . close of the war. He was honorably discharged in 1865 at Indianapolis. In 1867, he came to Harrodsburg and began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Beard, a very prominent physician. After attending lectures at Chicago Rush Medical College, he graduated in 1871. Since his graduation, he has been in active practice of his profession at Har- rodsburg, and has been very successful. The marriage of Dr. McLahlan occurred in 1871, to Miss Lizzie More, a native of Iowa. To this union has been born one child— Eva. Dr. McLahlan is a Republican, and for many years has been an earnest supporter of that party. Through his own energy he has made a success of life, and he has been the architect . of his own fortune. SIMEON PEDIGO, manufacturer and dealer in furniture, was born in Lawrence County, Ind., October 21, 1849, is the son of E. H. and Elizabeth E. (Nance) Pedigo; is the eldest in a family of three children, and is of English-Scotch lineage. At the age of seventeen years, he be- gan the issues of life for himself. For a number of years, he taught school in the winter and performed farm labor in the summer. The marriage of Mr. Pedigo occurred June 15, 1876, to Miss Mollie B. Anderson, a na- tive of Monroe County. To this union have been born three children, as follows: Clarence E., Annie E. and Verner Ross. In 1876, Mr. Ped- CLEAR CREEK TOWNSHIP. 663 igo. came to Harrodsburg and formed a partnership in the furniture and undertaking business with J. M. Anderson. This partnership continued nutil January, 1884. He is now engaged in manufacturing Pedigo's Perfection Washing Machine, under the firmnameof S. &W. S. Pedigo. manufacturers of the only genuine washing machine of the coming times. This machine is sold only upon guarantee that it will do all that its contractors claim for it, and, unless such is the ease, your money will be refunded. Address S. & W. S. Pedigo, Harrodsburg, Ind,, and they will give you particulars and references. They are gentlemen of honor and responsibility. WILLIAM. S. PEDIGO, furniture dealer, and junior member of the firm of S. & W. S. Pedigo, was born in Perry Township, Lawrence County, Ind., April 5, 1845, and is a son of John D. and Jane (Garten) Pedigo. In a family of ten children, William is the eldest, and is of Scotch-En- glish origin. His father was born in Barren County, Ky., and when twelve years of age came to Lawrence County, Ind. In 1861, the sub- ject of our sketch enlisted in Company P, Forty-third Indiana Volun- teers, and was honorably discharged in 1862, on account of general dis- ability. In 1863, he engaged in the milling business in Lawrence County, and that continued eighteen years; be then engaged in farming, and in 1884 he came to Harrodsburg and engaged in his present occupa- tion. He was married in 1866 to Miss Maggie A. Lowder. To them have been born five children — Isalene, Nora J., Oma S., Blanche and Ella. He is a Republican, and cast his first Presidential vote for Lincoln. He has 320 acres of well-improved land. He is a man of enterprising spirit, and an honorable citizen. WILLIAM W. ROSS, merchant at Smithville, was born July 22, 1830, in Clear Creek Township, Ind. , and is the youngest son of William W. and Elizabeth (Barnes) Ross, the former a native of Maryland, who settled in this State in 1813, and two years after, moved to Perry Town- ship, Monroe County, where he entered land, owning at his decease 320 acres; he died in 1875, aged one hundred and seventeen years. He emi- grated to this section in a cart, there being but nine families in the county. His experiences in the oarliewt days were wonderful and varied, such as battles with wolves and hunting for game, he having killed five deer in one day, and many bears and wolves at various times. He was a renowned marksman, and a man of endurance and principle. Mrs. Ross died in 1853. They were parents of four children. Our subject married, April 17, 1857, Elizabeth Burnes, with an issue of four children, all de- ceased. Mrs. Ross having died, he married, August 5, 1875, Ellen E. Pane, of Perry Township, and by her became the parent of three chil- dren, all living. Mr. Ross is a Republican, and a liberal, benevolent gentleman. He has a clock one hundred and fifty years old, and a good timekeeper, which was brought by him from North Carolina. JOHN D. SIMPSON, M. D., was born in Owen County, Ky., April 23, 1846, is the son of W. G. and Ann (Du Vail) Simpson, and is of En- glish ancestry. His parents are of Kentucky nativity. His paternal grandfather, was James Simpson, a Virginian by birth. He died in Owen County, Ky. , in 1868. The literary •education of Dr. Simpson is far be- yond the average, the major part of which he gained at Eminence Col- lege, Kentucky. In 1864, he went to Louisville, Ky. , and for one year clerked in a wholesale commission house. In that city, in 1866, he began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. J. A. Brady, a lead- 664 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: ing physician. In 1868, he graduated at the University of Louis- ville. This same year he came to Heltonsville, Lawrence County, Ind., and began practice. In 1869, he went to Bellevuo Hospital, New York, from which he graduated in 1870, and then went to Bedford, Lawrence County, and resumed practice. In 1880, Pr. Simp- son came to Harrodsburg and continued practice, and engaged in the drug business. The marriage of Dr. Simpson took place in 1869, to Miss Mattie Mitchell, of Bedford, Ind., daughter of Jesse A. Mitchell. They have one child — James. Dr. Simpson is a stanch Democrat and a Mason. THEODOEE THASHER, groceries and general stock, Smithville, was born in Monroe County, Ind.. December 14, 1835, and is a son of George and Matilda (Hines) Thrasher, both natives of Virginia, and of German descent. George Thrasher, a farmer, came to this section about 1830, where he purchased land and farmed until his death. He was the parent of nine children, seven of whom are living. Our subject passed his early days at farm work and in attending school, and when twenty- two he left home, worked by the day for about seven years, and then came to Smithville, where, from his earnings, he was enabled to begin business, which he has successfully carried on; he is also Postmaster, and is an es- teemed citizen. May 24, 1871, he marriud Julia A. Floyd, of Smith- ville, who died October 22, 1888, aged thirty-four years, the mother of five children. Rev. Hugh Stackhouse, pastor of Mrs. Thrasher, said of her: " She was'endowed with a mild, cheerful disposition, her life be- ing marked by many Christian graces, and crowned, at its close, by the triumph of Christian faith. About a week before her death, she talked to her family and friends of her departure as calmly as though going away for a short visit, asking her husband to open the Bible at 2d Cor- inthians. Chap, v.; she read the first verse, and remarked, 'Yes; that's it.' The next day she called her pastor, that she might hear him pray once more. Truly it can be said of her that the world was the better for her having lived in it, and her influence for goodwill live after her." Mr. Thrasher is a Democrat, and a member of the Masonic fraternity. JONATHAN TRISLER, section master at Smithville, was born in Jessamine County, Ky., in 1830, his parents being John and Sarah (Waggameier) Trisler; the former a native of Germany, the latter of Kentucky. John Trisler was a farmer; and when Jonathan was ten years of age, moved to Monroe County, this State, and settled about two miles from Smithville. He and wife were parents of seven children. They are both deceased— he died in 1881, she about 1859. Jonathan was twenty -one when he began supporting himself by working on a rail- road, and then farmed for four years, since which time he has devoted his whole time to railroad work, having been a foreman for thirteen years, and has, by his labor, acquired a good and valuable property Mr Trisler is married, his wife being Eliza Silvester; they are parents of five living children. Mr, Trisler is a Democrat, and a liberal, enlight- ened citizen. Mrs. Trisler is a conscientious member of the Christian Church. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 66& WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. THOMAS J. BROWN is the eldest child of George W. and Susanna. (Wright) Brown, a native of Kentucky, and was born November 18, 1837. Mr. and Mrs. Brown were respectively of Irish and German extraction, and both natives of Kentucky. After living on a farm until 1842, they moved from the State of their nativity to this State and township, and here entered^land for a home. In 1865, they removed to where the for- mer yet lives, his wife having died some years before. Thomas J. Brown attended the township schools and remained at home, having almost the entire support of the family, until his twenty-third year, his father hav- ing long been unable to labor. In 1859, he married Mrs. Cynthia A. McNeely, a native of Kentucky, after which event he moved to the farm owned by his wife, where they still reside, and to which he has added 200 acres, making an aggregate of 440 acres, one of the best farms in the township. In connection with agriculture, Mr. Brown has had a country store for about two years. Mr. Brown is a life-long Democrat, a worthy citizen, and, with his wife, a member of the Christian Church. FEANCIS M. CARROLL is a native of this county, was born June 15, 1840, and is one of the six children of Lewis and Betsy (Smith) Car- roll, the former of Irish, the latter of German descent. Lewis Carroll was a native of Virginia, where he grew to manhood, and afterward moved to Bloomington, this county, and followed his trade of carpenter and millwright for several jeaxa before engaging in farming on the land now owned by our subject. He was for years an ordained minister of the Methodist Protestant Church, and died in March, 1864. Francis M. Carroll acquired a practical education at the county schools. Two years after his father's decease his mother died. July 20, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Eighteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he served until February, 1862, having participated at Pea Ridge, Ark., Paw- Paw, Mo., an4 in other engagements. March 11, 1866, he married Martha Campbell, a native of Marion County, Ind., to which union suc- ceeded five children — Arthur J., Schuyler C, Mary F., Frank R. and Daisy. After his marriage, he purchased his father's farm of 120 acres, on which he now resides, and being one of the finest of the township. Mr. Carroll is a stanch Republican and a representative citizen. W. H CREAGER is a native of Bloomington, Ind., was born Oc- tober 14, 1844, and is one of the nine children of John and Mary (Payne; Greager; the former a native of this county, the latter of North Carolina. John Creager was a blacksmith and worked ad such until about 1856, when he moved to this township, and remained until death, March 4, 1860. W. H. Creager received his education from the common schools. He was fifteen years old when his father died, and then became the head of the household. In 1863, he taught his first school term in Benton Township, from which time until the present he has taught dur- ing the winter sessions. July 14, 1870, he married Miss Lueinda, daugh- ter of Philip and Elizabeth Smith. Three children were born to this union, of which two are living — Henry V., born April 7, 1871, and Mag- 6(36 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: gie B., born March 1, 1875. Mr. Creager has from titne to time pur- chased the interests of the heirs of his father's farm, which consists of 100 acres of improved land, on which he has made his residence. ^^^' ing 1870-71, he leased this farm and lived successively in Johnson and Morgan Counties. Mr. Creager was for four years Township Trustee, and still holds sard ofiSce. He is a Democrat and a representative cit- izen. Mr. and Mrs. Creager are members of the Baptist Church. ELIJAH A. KNIGHT is a native of Marion County Ind., was born March 2, 1839, and is one of the eight children of Elijah and Nancy (Northern) Knight; the former a native of Kentucky, and bom about 1800 After marriage, he moved to Morgan County, Ind. , where he lived until 1838 or 1839, and then became, one of the contractors, building the Wabash & Erie Canal, after completing which contract he settled in Boone County, and died in 1845. Elijah A. Knight obtained hia educa- tion in the primitive schools of the time, and afterward studied at home by the firelight. His father died when he was six years old, and he re- mained with his mother until his majority, and then purchased the farm of 110 acres, most of which he has retained. In August, 1861, he en- listed in Company H, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he served eleven months; then returned, and in September, 1864, entered an unassigned company of the Thirty-third Indiana Regiment, and served therein until the end of the war. February 22, 1871, he married Sarah E. Matlock, a native of this county, and to this union hav6 been bestowed ■five children — four being yet alive — Anna E., Elijah E., John P. and Clarence P. Mr. Knight is a Democrat, has held several civil offices, and is one of the most prominent men of his township. BENTON TOWNSHIP. WILLIAM L. ADAMS, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of Gar- rard County, Ky., was born t)ecember 31, 1830, and is the eldest child of Wilson and Eachel (Taylor) Adams, both natives of Kentucky. The ma- ternal grandfather of our subject, Robert Taylor, was a first cousin to Gen. Zach Taylor, and a soldier of the Revolutionary war. The pa- ternal grandfather, Wilson Adams, was a soldier of the war of 1812"; the father of our subject was a farmer by profession, a Whig in polities, and a Cumberland Presbyterian in religion. He died in 1832, his widow af- terward moving to this county, where she married Henry Patton. She became a widow a second time, and died in 1883, aged seventy-three years, a member of sixty years' standing in the Methodist Episcopal Church. William L. Adams removed to Ellettsville with his step-father, where he attended school and grew to manhood, and when nineteen years old began life for himself on rented land. December 29, 1850, he mar- ried Elizabeth Cannon, of this county. After this event, he located in Van Buren Township for two years, then removed to Macomb, 111., then re- turned to this county, and afterward purchased a threshing machine which he operated until he abandoned the same for auctioneering, which he has followed for twenty-five years. Mr. Adams served as Constable for some years under Capt. Sluss. In 1879, he occupied his present BENTON TOWNSHIP. 667 farm of 161 acres. July 5, 1863, he enlisted in Company B, One Hun- dred and Seventeenth. Eegiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, which formed a part of the Ninth Corps of the Army of the Cumberland; he was honorably discharged, and is a member of the G. A. B. Mr. and Mrs. Adams are parents of seven children — John W., Sarah J., Laura A. (do- ceased), Amanda B., Maggie R., Delia E. and Morton G. WILLIAM B. ALEXANDEB, retired farmer, was born in Fayette County, Ky., September 3, 1806, and is the eldest of the nine children of James and Sarah (Mashon) Alexander, natives respectively of Virginia and Kentucky, and of Irish and Scotch descent. James Alexander moved to this county in 1825, and located near Bloomington, where he purchased and improved 160 acres. Their privations were those of other pioneers, but they grew in popularity. and in means. Mr. Alexander was a Democrat, served two terms as County Commissioner and was Justice of the Peace for many years. He died in 1852, aged sixty-four years, and his wife afterward, aged seventy-five years. They were mem- bers of the Baptist Church. William B. Alexander received a fair education in Kentucky, where, after having removed hither, he married, September 25, 1825, Miss Elizabeth Irvin. After marriage, he returned to this county and managed his father's farm. In 1830, he entered land and began stock dealing in conjunction with farming, and continued so to do for eleven years; then purchased and sold several farms, and finally, in 1864, located where he now resides, on 160 acres, with improvements. Mr. Alexander has been a hard-working yet successful man. He gave his first Presidential vote for Gen. Jackson, but has of late years been a Bepublican and has filled some minor county offices. Mrs. Alexander died November 15, 1869, having been the mother of ten children — Will- iam F. , Sarah J. , Mary, Nancy, Martha, Irvin, John, Alvira, and two infants, deceased. The three sons were Union soldiers — William F. died at Nashville, Irvin in Libby Prison and John in Missouri — all filling soldier graves. Mr. Alexander's present wife was Mrs. Baker; they are members of the Christian Church. T. H. BARNHILL, dealer in merchandise, is a native of Carroll County, Ohio, was born February 14, 1838, and is the eldest of the six children of John and Jane (McNelley) Barnhill, natives respectively of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and of German-Irish and Irish descent. Our subject was sent to school in boyhood and reared to husbandry as a bus- iness. When he had reached his eighteenth year, his parents moved to this county, where he attained his majority, and afterward labored by the day for three years, receiving but 50 cents per day. March 7, 1860, he married Miss Mary C. Alexander, of this township, born May, 1842, a union which gave being to six children — Florence J., Charles A., Olie, Eddie, John and Edna. Shortly after marriage, Mr. Barnhill moved to Unionville, where be has since made his home. He now owns and occu- pies the old Alexander farm, which comprises 358 acres with good build- ings and varied improvements, thus constituting a valuable home and property. In 1877, he engaged in merchandising, and was commissioned Postmaster in 1879. He is a prominent Republican, and has been Town- ship Trustee two terms. DR. DAVID W. BARROW is a native of this township, was born November 4, 1853, and is the eldest son of James M. and Martha A. (V annoy) Barrow, both natives of this county, and respectively of En- glish and German descent. The paternal grandfather of our subject, 42 668 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: David Barrow, came to this section when it was a pristine wild, and, e- ing a farmer, located in this township, where he served as J*!^""® °\^ . Peace and County Commissioner seventeen years. He had « i»r 240 acres was a Democrat, a Baptist and the father of eight cnuaren. He died in 1880, aged seventy-nine. James M. Barrow was rearea a farmer, received some education, and at the age of forty years became a minister of the Baptist denomination, uniting such service with tne man- agement of his farm. He has been father of three sons and four aangH- ters, five of whom are living. He is a Freemasoa and a Democrat. David W Barrow attended the home schools at intervals until twenty years of age, when he entered college at Bloomington for one year; then taught two years, returned to college and selected the classical course. After leaving the institution, he entered the office of Dr. Mc- Pheeters, and read medicine, in all nearly two years, after which he atr tended a course of lectures at the Ohio Medical College, and in 1881 began a practice, which he has succeeded in enlarging, with honor and satisfaction. Dr. Barrow is a member of the Baptist Church, a Demo crat, and also a member of the K of P. In 1882, he was chosen Town- ship Trustee. . SAMUEL L. KERR, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, April 15, 1832, the eldest of the nine children of John and Nancy (Logan) Kerr, both natives of Ireland, and of Scotch and Irish descent respectively. John Kerr was by trade a weaver, who in 1839 emigrated to this country with his family 'and located in Bloom- ington Township, this county, whence he removed to this township and purchased land, and at last, by labor and care, acquired 200 acres as a home, on which he died in 1864, seventy-three years of age, preceded by his wife five days. They were members of the Presbyterian Church. Saifauel L. Kerr was about eight years old when he reached America. Much farm labor devolved on him in youth, and he continued with his father until of age, when he commenced working by the month, and af- ter eight years was enabled to purchase 220 acres, on which he has made his home; having improved said land by erecting a house, supplying stock, and by various other appurtenances, the whole now comprising 280 acres, 100 in pasture, and seventy of fine bottom land. December 5, 1861, he married Miss Margaret, daughter of Jonathan and Catharine Hinkle, and to their union have been given eight children — James B., John J., Samuel M., Charles A., Nannie V. C, Ella May, Maggie E. (deceased), and Mary A. Mr. Kerr is a Republican, a worthy citizen, and he and wife are members of the United Presbyterian Church. WILLIAM H. KERR, stock-raiser and farmer, was born June 6, 1847. His father was William Kerr, a native of Ireland, who, about 1824, emigrated to America, settled in this county, and entered the land on which our subject now resides, and where Mr. Kerr, Sr., passed his lator life, and succeeded in making a good home of sixty acres, well im- proved. He died in 1855, aged sixty years, leaving a wife and two chil- dren, who managed the farm. He was a Reformed Presbyterian, as is his wife, who is yet living, aged sixty-five years; the only daughter died in 1872. William H. Kerr remained at home until he was seventeen, when he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, for twelve months' service, which was passed in the Southern States in doing skirmish duty. He was honorably discharged, and in 1867, purchased eighty acres of his present home, which now com- BENTON TOWNSHIP. 669 prises one hundred and forty acres, containing some stock and many im- provements. December 24, 1872, he married Miss Elizabeth Mulliken, a native of Johnson County, by which union they were favored with four children — Maud B., Connie J., Cora B. and Laura M. Mr. Kerr en- gaged in agriculture near Franklin until 1879, when he returned to his former site and home. He is a Republican, and he and his wife are worthy members of the Christian Church. SAMUEL GETTY, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Ireland and the youngest child of Samuel and Nancy (Kerr) Getty, both natives of Ireland, and both Protestants. Samuel Getty, Sr., was a tiller of the soil, who ended his life, as did his wife, in the country of his birth. Their eldest son emigrated to this country about 1840, and farmed until his decease. Our subject obtained an ordinary education and was restred as a farmer. In 1851, married Miss Rose Cubitt, a native of Ireland. In 1852, they emigrated to America by way of New Orleans, and reached this section after a travel of eleven weeks. Mr. Getty having but $200, he worked at farming for one year, and soon after purchased a portion of his present home, which now comprises 280 acres, 100 of which are bot- tom lands of great fruitfulness; he has also twenty acres in Perry Town- ship — all the result of his thrift and economy. He is one of the largest farmers in this township, and gives his undivided attention to his farm and raising stock. Mr. and Mrs. Getty have been parents of eleven chil dren, of which number the following are living: Nancy, Elizabeth, John C. and Ida Ellen. Both are members of the United Presbyterian Church. WILLIAM PETERSON, farmer and stock-raiser, is the eldest son of Thomas and Mary (Custer) Peter.son, natives respectively of Ohio and Pennsylvania. The paternal grandfather of our subject was a Vir- ginian, who located in Ohio when a wilderness, and reared five sons and three daughters. Thomas Peterson was reared a farmer in Jefferson County, Ohio, but came to this township in 1854, where he purchased forty acres, and farmed until January, 1864, when he became a soldier of the Tenth Cavalry. During this service, he was attacked by sickness, and while on his way home he died, being buried at Louisville. He left a wife, who survives him, and seven children. He was a Republican, and a Baptist. William Peterson was born in Jefferson County, August 12, 1830; was reared to farming, and remained at home until he was^twenty- seven years of age. After working on the home farm until he was eighteen years old, he learned the carpentering, at which he worked in summer, and taught school in the winter. He taught his last term in 1863. June, 1859, he married Sarah E. Rader, who died in 1866, leaving four children — Ira D., Phinny H., Cordelia A. and Thomas W. ,April 29, 1877, he wedded Miss Margaret A. Reimer, by which marriage they had two children — Carey J. and Mary C. February, 1865, Mr. Peterson was detailed as carpenter at Camp Carrington. This was i his only soldier service. He was discharged May 8, 1865. In 1859, he located on the farm, which embraces 540- acres, one-half of which is improved, with good stock, etc. In 1876, he was elected County Commissioner, as which he gave great satisfaction. He is Commander of Alexander Post, and a member of the Baptist Church. T. J. PETERSON, proprietor of the spoke factory at Unionville, was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, September 7, 1846, and is one of the family of Thomae and Mary Peterson. When he was nine years old, his parents moved to this county, which has since been his home. When 670 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: fifteen years old, being of large stature, he enlisted, in the fall of l°rf ' in Company H, Fiftieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, assigned to the Western division, their hardest engagement being at the siege of Mobile. During his service, he suffered from measles: afterward, in 1863, at Lit- tle Kock, he became a veteran, and September 27, 1865, was discharged as Sergeant. He then took charge of the home farm for two years, and later, worked on a railroad, and as sawyer for several firms, and for sev- eral years. November 6, 1873, he married Miss Alice A. Sluss, of this township, which union gave being to four children, of which number two survive — Edna M. and Daisy Irene. In the autumn of 1882, he pur- chased the spoke factory he is now operating, in which he has $2,000 in- vested. Mr. Peterson is an ardent Kepublican, and a public -spirited citi- zen. Mrs. Peterson is a member of the Christian Church. DAVID A. YOUNG, farmer and stock-raiser, is a son of Abraham and Susan (Whisennand) Young, natives of Kentucky and Vii^inia re- spectively, and of German extraction. The paternal grandfather of our subject, David Young, moved to this county from Kentucky in the earliest days, and settled and made a home here. He was the parent of four sons and three daughters. Abraham Young began life poor, but, by industry and care, made a good home and farm of 120 acres. He was a member of the Christian Church, and died February 14, 1850, aged forty-three, leaving a wife, who still survives, aged seventy-six, and six children. David A. Young was born in this township, March 7, 1829, the eldest of the family. After working on the home farm until his twentieth year, he began life for himself by farming on rented land. July 27, 1848, he married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Hugh and Nancy McClung, who were among the first settlers in this township. This union was honored with twelve children, of which number ten yet are living — Nancy J., Amanda, John, Mary E., Sarah C, Saretha A., James A., Cora Bell, Isaac N. and David Omar. Mr. Young continued to labor for house and land for years, and in 1858 purchased his father's farm of 112 acres, where he has since resided, devoting himself to stock-raising as well as agriculture. Mr. Young is a highly esteemed citizen, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP. JAMES O, BAXTER, farmer, was born in this township, March 24, 1835, and is a son of William and Mary (Lee) Baxter; the former a native of Tennessee, the latter of Kentucky. William Baxter moved when very young to this county and received a fair education. He was a farmer by occupation, which he followed until his death, January 1, 1858. Mrs. Baxter was a life-long communicant of the Separate Baptist Church, and departed from earth August 24, 1872. James O. Baxter, our subject, received a quite limited education in youth, and remained with his parents until September 5, 1861, when he became a soldier in Company G, Thirty-first Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and con- tinued in the service until January 6, 1866, during which period he was promoted to be Sergeant. After his discharge, he returned to his parents, SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 671 with whom he remained until December 16, 1866, at which time he mar- ried Amanda Ellen Smith, a native of this county, and to them five chil- dren have been granted, of which number one son and two daughters, remain. Mr. Baxter is a strong pleader for temperance, and in political leaning a Democrat. He is one of the principal land owners and citi- zens of the township, and, with his wife, a devoted member of the Chris- tian Church. JAMES D. BUTCHER is a native of Coles County, 111., was born March 19, 1861, and is a son of Jacob and America D. (Finley) Butcher, natives of Indiana and of English descent. Jacob Butcher received a limited education, and when sixteen years old departed for California, but, meeting with reverses, roamed through many States and Territories, and finally returned to his native commonwealth and married in 1856. He then moved to Texas for two years; thence removing to Illinois, where he remained four years, an^ thereafter returned to this county. Mr. Butcher has been a life-long farmer. James D. Butcher received a good school education in this county's schools, and for the past two years has been teaching in the public schools, having previously assisted his father on the home farm. He is politically a Greenbacker, a respected citizen and one of the most promising young men of his county and township. In religious inclination, he is, like his parents, an adherent of the Seventh- Day Advent Church. HIRAM M. HELTENBURG is a native of Wythe County, Va., and was brought into the world August 27, 1815. He was not fortunate endugh to receive any education in youth, and at the age oE twenty years emigrated with his mother and step- father to this State and county, where he remained with them until April 26, 1846, at which time he married Nancy Sowder, of this county, since which time he has lived exclusively in Monroe and Lawrence Counties. Mr. Heltenburg is a member of Harrodsburg Lodge, No. 322, A. F. & A. M. He is a National in poli- tics, and a strong advocate of temperance. He has one of the best farms in his region that is to be found, and he is one of the leading and solid citizens. Mr. and Mrs. Heltenburg are long-standing and esteemed mem- bers of the Christian Church, and the parents of eight children, of which number two sons and five daughters are living. JOHN HUNTINGTON, farmer, is a native of this township, his date of birth February 21, 1833, and his parents Jonathan and Elizabeth (Turman) Huntington, the former a native of Lower Canada, the latter of Tennessee, and both of English extraction. Jonathan Huntington had received a good education, and about 1831 or 1832, moved to this county, where he followed his only profession — farming — having pur- chased land from the Government. He died in 1843, and Mrs. Hunting- ton in 1872; she was a member of the Baptist Church. John Hunting- ton was born, reared, ediicated and married in this county, where he has spent a life of fifty-one years, and is now the oldest settler. In 1854, he went by emigrant train to California, remained until 1857, and then re- turned. March 31, 1859, he married Sarah V. Payne, of this county, from which union issued eight children, of which three sons and four daughters are living. Mr. Huntington has one of the best farms with improvements and appointments in this township. He has served as Justice of the Peace and County Commissioner. Both he and wife iire adherents of the Baptist Church. 672 ' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: JOHN C. JOHNSON, deceased, was a native of Danville, Vt. , born July 4, 1824, and is a son of Robert and Sarah Johnson. He received more than a common school education, having for a time attended an academy in his native State. In consequence of his father's decease, he was early destined to struggle for a livelihood, and in that time played many parts as a sailor, a railroad hand, and for some years worked on the L., N. A. & C. Kailroad. May 15, 1853, he married Susan Ellis, a na- tive of this county, to which union were bestowed several children, three sons and four daughters being yet alive. In 1865, Mr. Johnson enlisted for service againt the rebellion, during which he contracted a fatal ill- ness, which culminated in death June 21, 1869. Mr. Johnson was a de- voted and honored member of the M. E. Church, a Republican politically, and a most reputable and trusted citizen. Mrs. Johnson has, by her in- domitable energy, not only reared her family, but purchased a farm in this township, which constitutes her home. DAVID B. JUDAH, farmer, is a native of Montgomery Coiinty, Ky. , was born September 9, 1814, a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Jennings) Judah, the former a native of Germany, the latter of Virginia, and re- spectively of German and German- Irish descent. Samuel Judah emi- grated to the United States about the year 1790, and settled in Kentucky, where he lived more than thirty years, then moved to Lawrence County, this State, planted a crop of corn, returned to Kentucky for his family, and there sickened and died; this was in October, 1820. He associated preaching with farming, and was hostile to slavery. David B. Judah re- mained at home until he was eighteen years old, when he learned the tanner's trade and worked thereat until 1840, at which time he established a tannery at Bloomington. January 31, 1836, he married Miss Emma Harriet, daughter of William and Jemima Parks, to which union eleven children were bestowed, of which number five sons and two daughters are yet living— Samuel N., Winepark, Elizabeth E., Morris, Rodolphus, Francis M. and Emma H. Mr. Judah followed tanning until 1878, when he gave his attention to farming, with an experience of two years in the mercantile way; his farm is situated in Brown County. His sons, Mor- ris and Francis, are proprietors of the only grist mill in this township, also one of the best water mills. Morris is likewise a practicing physi- cian; both are influential citizens. Mr. and Mrs. -Judah are members of the Christian Church. MILTON MYERS, farmer, was born in this county May 12, 1840, his parents being Henderson and Minerva Myers. Henderson Myers came to this county when about fourteen or fifteen years of age, worked on a farm, and continued in that capacity until he was twenty- five, when he married. He purchased a farm in Perry, and also one in this town- ship, where he died March 22, 1826; he and wife were lifelong mem- bers of the Separate Baptist Church. Milton Myers received a good pub- lic school education, and remained with his parents until June 21, 1860, at which time he married Mary A. Buskirk, of this county, which union was blessed by nine children, of which number are yet living three sons and four daughters, of which last Miss Addie has received a fine educa- tion and is now a promising teacher. Mr. Myers is a practical farmer; he has held the position of Road Superintendent, and is one of the lead- ing and influential citizens of the township. Mrs. Myers and two daugh- ters are members of the Christian Church. SALT CREEK TOWNSHIP. 673 SOLOMON C. PAYNE was born in Rowan County, N. C. , November 16, 1830, and is the eldest child of James and Anna (Phillips) Payne, the former a native of North Carolina, born 1810, the latter of Virginia, born 1812. James Payne was a miller, and moved to this county in 1831, where both he and Mrs. Payne closed their lives — the former January 13, 1874, the latter April 21, 1876, a member of the Baptist Church; they were parents of eight girls and four boys, all of whom lived to maturity. Mr. Payne was a Democrat, and served as Justice of the Peace and Town- ship Assessor for more than twenty years. Solomon C. Payne lived mostly with a grandfather until he was sixteen years old, at which time war with Mexico was declared, and he, in common with many boys, de- sired to engage therein. His father finally consented, and our subject enlisted in Company D, Sixteenth Infantry, said company commanded by Capt. Richard Owens, the regiment by Col. John W. De Batts. About July, 1847, they reached Monterey, and did garrison duty until peace was procl^iimed, the regiment being disbanded August 7, 1848. About 1850, Mr. Payne married, with an issue of two girls, from which mother he was afterward divorced, and about 1860 married Elizabeth Hathaway. In August, 1861, Mr. Payne enlisted for three years in Company I, Fifty- ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged June 14, 1865, since which date he has been variously employed, but mainly as a farmer. He has been ordained as a minister of the Baptist, and later of the Christian Church (New Light). He is a Democrat, has been Township Assessor, and is now a Justice of the Peace. JOHN SEXTON, farmer, is a native of Greene County, Ind., was born December 28, 1835, and is'a son of James and Mary (Staton) Sex- , ton, the former a native of Alabama, the latt«r of Kentucky. James Sexton was reared and attended school in Tennessee, whither he had gone at an early age, and when about twenty-one years of age removed to Kentucky, remained ten years; afterward came to Greene County, this State, and finally to this township, where he finished his earthly course in October, 1874. Mrs. Sexton is yet living at the age of eighty-four. She is, as Mr. Sexton was, a member of the Separate Baptist Church. John Sexton received but slight education, having been depended upon to assist the faiaily in the work of the farm during his boyhood. He re- mained at home, therefore, until he was twenty-six years of age, about which period, September 19, 1861, he married Margaret J . Smith, a na- tive of this county, a union which has been favored with two sons and one daughter. Sixteen years ago, Mr. Sexton purchased the farm where he now resides, and has become one of the representative men of the township. He is a Democrat in politics, and he and lady are worthy members of the Christian Church. WILLIAM H. SHIELDS, farmer, was born in Bourbon County, Ky., March 7, 1819, and is a son of Joseph and Sarah (Masterson) Shields, also natives of Kentucky. Joseph Shields moved with his family to this county in 1835, where he purchased land and remained until death, April 5, 1841. He was exclusively a farmer, and, during the war of 1812, a teamster. Mrs. Shields was a member of the Separate Baptist Church, and left the earth October 31, 1880. William H. Shields re- ceived an ordinary education in Kentucky, and remained with and la- bored for his parents \mtil January 12, 1842, when he married Mary Hndlan, to which union were bom twelve children, of whom four sons and six daughters remain. He is a Democrat, and he and wife are hon- ored members of the Separate Baptist Church. 674 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: John W. Shields, teacher, is a native of this township; was born February 15, 1863, his parents being William H. and Mary Shields. He received a good public school education, makes his home with his par- ents, and a business of agriculture. For a few years past, he has been a teacher in the public schools, and is progressing satisfactorily. He is a Democrat and a promising young gentleman. GEORGE W. WAMPLER, teacher, was bom in this township July 4, 1849, and is a son of William and Julia (Sherrill) Wampler, the former a native of Virginia, the latter of Kentucky, and respectively of Dutch and German-Irish descent. William Wampler was fairly educated at the public schools of this State, whither he came about 1830, and remained until 1874. He served eight months as a private during the rebellion, and has since, as before, made farming his occupation. Mr. and Mrs. Wampler are life -during members of the Baptist Church, and are at pres- ent living in Wright County, Mo. George W. Wampler remained at home until he was twenty-four years of age; March 13, 1878, he married Miss Julia C. Shields, a native of this county, a union which was hon- ored with five children, two sons and three daughters. Mr. Wampler in his former life was a farmer, but is now in the profession of teaching. In politics, he is a Democrat, and at present holds the office of Township Assessor, with satisfaction to his constituents. He is one of the most influential men and most respected citizens of his township. ^ MARION TOWNSHIP. THOMAS JACKSON BATES, an old settler and farmer of Monroe County, was born in Tennessee May 7, 1820, and is the third of the five children born to Charles and Eda (McCoUan) Bates, natives of Virginia and Kentucky respectively. The family came to Bloomington, this county, in 1830, remained a few months, then went to Illinois, but re- turned to Bloomington in 1832. December 13, 1840, Mr. Bates married Mary Hendrickson, daughter of Ezekiel and Susan (Walls) Hendrickson, and a native of Lawrence County. Two children, Charles D. and Eze- kiel, were born to this marriage. Mrs. Bates died September 28, 1854, and on August 3, 1856, Mr. Bates married Eliza Smith, of Miami County, Ind. , a native of Monroe County, and daughter of Hugh and Jane (Gid- dings) Corr. To this union have been born the following children- Thomas Jefferson, who was born May 20, 1857, in Miami County, and who married, February 26, 1883, Nettie Billings, of Daviess County, and daughter of Jesse and Sarah (Miller) Billings; Martha E. and Mary Jane (twins), Laura, Sarah, Maria and Hattie. Mr. Bates settled on hia present farm in 1859, and is the owner of 180 acres; he was formerly a Grander and in politics is a Democrat. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812; his wife's mother is an inmate of his home, and is in her pinety-seventh year; his wife's father, Hugh Corr, settled in Blooming- ton Township m 1821 and finally settled where Hindostan now standi m Washington Township. JOHN CAMPBELL is a native of County Antrim, Ireland, was bom December 4, 1841, and is one of the eight children of Eobert and Jane MARION TOWNSHIP. 675 (Cunningham) Campbell, natives respectively of County Antrim and County Berry, Ireland, and of Scotch descent. The parents of our sub- ject came to the United States in 1843, landed at New Orleans, came to this State, located near Bloomington, and remained until 1858, at which time he bought a farm. Here our subject remained until June, 1861, when he enlisted in Company F, Twenty -seventh Indiana Eegiment, and was engaged at "Winchester, Cedar Mountain, Antietam (where he was wounded in the right side), Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, where he re- ceived a wound in the left thigh) and Besaca (where his left arm was broken), which finished his service, being discharged September 13, 1864. June 24, 1866, he married Martha J., daughter of Eobert and Angeline Williams. This union produced three children — Eobert Henry, James Homer and John Lewis; also, by adoption, John W. Maginnis. Mr. Campbell is the owner of seventy-four acres in Bloomington Township, which is improved by a good residence, buildings, orchard, fences, etc. He is an active Eepublican, has served two terms as Township Trustee, and he and wife, like his father and mother, are members of the Presby- terian Church. Mr. Campbell is a worthy and progressive citizen, and is a member of the G. A. E. THOMAS J. FAEE, farmer and stock-raiser, was born January 1, 1844, in Eay Township, this county, and is the sixth of twelve children born to Jefferson and Sarah (Miller) Farr, natives of Kentucky and of English descent. Thomas was reared to farming, but attended school during the winter seasons. April, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, Thirty-third Indiana Eegiment, during which service he was promoted to be Sergeant, and took part at- Thompson's .Station (where he was capt- ured and afterward confined in Libby Prison for nineteen days), Mur- freesboro, Eesaca, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and the march to the sea; he w£is discharged May, 1865. March 20, 1866, he married Susan, daughter of Martin and Sarah Goble, to which union were born six chil- dren — Howard, Sarah C, Jefferson V., Thaettie, Julia A. and Willard N. (deceased March 15, 1883). Mr. Farr has a good farm of 540 acres, supplied with stock and well improved, making alike a comfortable home and valuable property, almost all of which is the result of his wise ad- ministration and honest industry, thus marking his life a success. He is a Eepublican in political faith and has served two terms as Township Trustee. Mrs. Farr is a member of the Baptist Church. MAHLON HACKEE is a native of Clay County, Ky., was born De- cember 4, 1829, and is one of the family of Valentine and Mary (Spires) Hacker, natives of Tennessee; the former of German, the latter of Irish descent. Mahlon Hacker 'was reared on the farm and obtained but little schooling in his youthful days. When sixteen years of age, he left home and undertook his own living by working by the month or by the day.> When a young man, he married Nancy Fulford, of this county, a union which was smiled upon by nine children, of whom seven are living — F. T., Jonathan, Mary E. (now Mrs. McDonald), C. J., Florence M., Andrew W. and Isabel D. Mr. Hacker is the possessor of 120 acres and also a partner in a half section of timber land. August, 1862, he en- listed in Company B, Sixty-seventh Eegiment Indiana Volunteers, and participated in the battles of Munfordville (when he was captured and paroled), and at Arkansas Post; he was discharged April, 1863, and re- enlisted as a veteran in October, 1864, and was therefrom discharged May, 1865. Mr. Hacker is a worthy citizen; in politics, Eepublican, and he and wife are honored as members of the Baptist Church. 676 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: JOSEPH A. HA.DDEN was born in Washington Township, this county, March 1, 1854, and is the second of the five children born to Jacob and Jane (Martin) Hadden — the latter a native of North Carolina and of German and Irish origin. He was educated in the common schools, and assisted his mother in the management of the home farm until married, April 20, 1883, to Mrs. Mary A. Johnson, of Monroe County, a daughter of Michael and Rebecca (Barnett) Fleener. Mrs. Hadden owns 440 acres of land in a good state of cultivation and improved with a good residence and outbuildings. Mr. Hadden is proprietor of a first- class saw mill, and also owns considerable live stock. In politics, he is a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. JAMES J. HUBBARD is a native of this county, was born May 28, 1838, and is the youngest of the eleven children of John and Nancy (Wed- del) Hubbard; the former a native of North Carolina, the latter of Vir- ginia, and respectively of German and English extraction. Our subject was reared on a farm and had but very spare advantages for education. He resided with his parents until October 7, 1859, at which period he married Indiana Twomey.of Brown County, which union was productive of five children — Laura A., Elmira C, James A., William T. (deceased) and Virginia; Mrs. Hubbard died November, 1872: and October 10, 1878, he wedded Mary Jane Weddel, of this county, but a native of Kentucky, and by this union came into the world five children, of which number four are living — Belzora E., Mary E., Clara I. and Ada J. In 1863, Mr. Hubbard was in the service at Indianapolis for three months. He has a good home and farm; has the respect of his community, and is in politics a member of the National party. " He is a member of the Christian Church, and his wife of the Baptist Church. THOMAS MAGENIS is a native of County Clare. Ireland, was bom December 17, 1835, and is the sixth of the family of twelve of Timothy and f'rances (Frost) Magenis, the former a native of County Down, the latter of County Clare, Ireland, and both of Scotch descent. Thomas was reared on a farm in Ireland, and when fourteen years of age his parents emigrated to America. After living in Goshen, N. Y., five years, he moved to this State in 1856, and settled in this township, where he labored by the month. March 23, 1861, he married Mary E., daughter of John and Rebecca Garrett This union was smiled on by five children —Emma (deceased), Maggie F., George W., Anna S. and Minnie E. August. 7, 1861, Mr. Magenis enlisted in Company F, Twenty- seventh Indiana Regiment, serving at the battles of Winchester, Cedar Mountain and Antietam (where he was wounded in the arm, leg and breast). He was discharged September 1, 1864, and located for one year in Washing- ton Township. In 1865, he moved to the farm he now occupies, -com- prising 188 acres of well-improved land, and containing comfortable resi- dence, barns, orchard, etc. He also owns forty acres in Washington Township, all of which is alone due to his energy and tact. In 1864, he was elected Real Estate Appraiser of this county and township; Trustee in 1876, and was twice appointed Assessor. Mr. Magenis is a Democrat, and a member of the G. A. R. JAMES P. RIDDLE, one of Monroe County's enterprising youns farmers, was born in this township February 6, 1848, and is the youngest of the seven children born to G. M. and Margaret (Thomson) RidSle, natives of Kentucky. He was educated at the common schools, and assisted on the home farm until he was married, November 12, 1871 to MARION TOWNSHIP. 67T Eliza A. Fleener, of this county, and daughter of Michael and Rebecca (Barnett) Fleener. To his marriage have been born six children — "Will- iam, James H., Mintia May, Amanda E., Joha and Rebecca. Mr. Rid- dle is the owner of a farm of 190 acres, well improved, with a commodious residence, barn and other outbuildings, two orchards, etc., mostly ac- quired by his own perseverance and industry. He formerly was a mem- ber of the Grange. In politics, he is a Democrat, and he and his wife are members of the Baptist and Christian Churches respectively. JOHN M. TOMEY, farmer, was born in Augusta County, Va., April 17, 1834, and is the sixth of the twelve children born to Michael and Mary (Lockridge) Tomey, natives of Virginia, and of Scotch and German descent respectively. The family came to Indiana in 1835, and settled in Henry County. Three years later they moved to Brown County, and in 1870 came to this township, and bought the farm on Section 1 5, where John M. now lives. Mr. Tomey remained on the hoaae farm until his marriage, March 30, 1856, to Catharine Prickitt, of Brown County, Ind., and a native of Ohio. She died July 13, 1878, the mother of five chil- dren — Josephus, Richard J., Elizabeth E., Mary H. and Julia A. — and a member of the Christian Church. November 16, 1874, Mr. Tomey mar- ried Mary C. Mann, also of Brown County, Ind., and a native oE Ohio. In July, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was engaged at Antietam, Winchester, Cedar Mountain, Chancellorsville, second Bull Run, Gettysburg, Resaca and Peach Tree Creek, and was discharged the evening before the fall of Atlanta, in August, 1884, as Corporal. He has served as Justice of the Peace, is a Republican, a Granger, a member of the G. A. R., and the owner of 216 acres of good land. WILLIAM E. WHITESELL, farmer, is a native of Bloomington, Ind., was born July 17, 1833, and is the eighth of the fifteen children of Peter and Elizabeth (Akens) Whitesell, natives of Kentucky and Virginia respectively. Peter Whitesell moved to this county about the year 1824, and settled near Bloomington, where he entered land. William E. Whitesell was reared on a farm, and attended school for about six months. When about eighteen years old, he moved to Illinois for a time, where he began to work for himself. June 12, 1858, he married Eliza A. Matlock, of this county, which union gave being to five chil- dren, two of whom are living. September, 1864, he enlisted in the volunteer service, was on duty at Indianapolis, and was discharged May, 1865. He afterward came to this county and purchased 195 acres, some of which was improved. He now owns 225 acres, which constitutes a good home and farm. Mr. Whitesell has served for one term as Town- ship Trustee, and is in political classification a Democrat. He is an up- right, liberal citizen, and one generally esteemed and trusted. HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. BT WBSTON A. GOODSPBED. INDIAN CESSION TREATIES. THE territory comprising the county of Brown lies partly within the limits of two tracts of land, secured at different times from the In- dians by treaty. A straight line drawn from Section 25, Township 9 north. Range 1 east, to Section 7, Township 7 north, Range 4 east, will coincide with this old Indian boundary, which extends, as will be seen by this, from southeast to northwest. All that portion of Brown County southwest of this boundary was, with other territory of which it formed a part, obtained of the Indians at the treaty of Port Wayne, on the 30th of September, 1809, and constituted a portion of " Harrison's Purchase." The boundary line was run or surveyed at this time by Arthur Henrie and William Harris. All that portion of Brown County northeast of the line, remained the property of the Indians until the treaty of October 2 to 6, 1818, at St. Mary's, Ohio, when it became with other lands the property of the Government, and constituted a part of the " New Pur- chase." The Indians were permitted to occupy the lands for the pur- pose of obtaining sustenance from the chase for the period of two years, at which time they were removed farther west to territory prepared for them. The first settlers found the Indians still here. The survey of that portion of Brown County in the " Harrison Purchase," was made in the autumn of 1812 by Arthur Henrie and William Harris, and that portion in the "New Purchase" by J. Hedges and A. C. Looker, in 1819. INITIATORY LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENTS. The first known disposition made of any portion of the lands of Brown County by the General Assembly of Indiana, was at the session of 1817-18, when all south of the old Indian boundary of 1809 was made a part of Monroe County created at that time, as will be fully seen in another part of this work. This was a short time before the In- dians' title to the northern portion of the county was extinguished. Probably the next dispostion made of Brown County lands was in January, 1820, when that portion north of the Indian boundary, or in the "New Purchase," together with more of the "New Purchase," was formed into Delaware County, as will be seen from Section 2, of an act approved by th^ General Assemby, January 20, 1820, as follows : Sbction 2. TKat all the remaining part of said New Purchaselying east of the Second Principal Meridian, except so much of it as has been attached to the counties of Fayette, Jackson and Wayne, by former laws, and except so much of it aa is attached by the first section of this act to the counties named therein, be and the same is hereby formed into a new county, to be known by the name of Delaware. » * * * 680 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. By an act of the General Assembly, approved December 31, 1821, that portion of Brown County in the New Purchase, and west of the ex- tended line dividing Sections 4 and 5, Township 10 north, Range 2 east, was made a part of Monroe County — not attached, but made a part of. By an act approved January 16, 1828, the following territory, now com- prising a part of Brown County, was attached to Jackson County, to wit : Beginning on the line dividing the counties of Jackson and Bartholomew, at a point where the line dividing Ranges 3 and 4 east, of the Second Principal Meridian, intersects the same ; thence north with said line three miles to the northeast corner of Township 7 ; thence west with the line dividing Townships 7 and 8, to the line of Monroe County ; thence south to the line of Jackson County ; thence east to the place of beginning. And at the same time, by the same act, the following territory, now com- prising a portion of the county of Brown, was attached to Monroe County, to wit : Beginning ai a point on the line dividing Townships 7 and 8, where the line dividing Sections 30 and 31 intersects the same; thence north with the last mentioned line to the line dividing the counties of Bartholomew and Johnson ; thence west with said line to the northeast corner of Monroe County ; thence south, to the line dividing Townships 7 and 8; thence east with the last mentioned line to the place of begin- ning. At the same time, and by the same act, it was provided that all territory east of Monroe County and west of Bartholomew County, not attached to Jackson or Monroe Counties, should form a part of Barthol- omew County. No other change seems to have been made until the creation of Brown County in 1836. The territory composing the county was of course formed into townships, or at least attached to townships in the counties of Bartholomew, Monroe and Jackson. Bartholomew County was created in 1821, Monroe in 1818, and Jackson in 1815. That portion of Brown County attached to Monroe formed a part of Jackson and Salt Creek Townships ; that part attached to Bartholomew formed part of Harrison, Union, Nineveh and Ohio Townships, and that part attached to Jackson formed part of Salt Creek Township. In the meantime, the settlers continued to come in slowly and locate, for the most part, on the hills of Brown County. At last, in 1835, enough had arrived to warrant the formation of the county, and accordingly the Rep- resentatives in the State Legislature were requested to introduce the bill and carry it through, which in February, 1836, was done, as follows : Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, that from and after the l8t day of April next, all that tract of country Included in the following boundary lines shall form and constitute anew county, to be known and designated by the name of the county of Brown (in honor of the late Maj. Gen. Jacob Brown) : Beginning at the north- west corner of Section 1, in Township 10 north, of Range 1 west, of the Second Principal Meridian ; thence south with the Government land line twenty miles, to the southwest cor- ner of Section 12, Township 7 north, of the aforesaid range ; thence east sixteen miles, to the southeast corner of Section 9, in the last-mentioned township, and in Range 4 east : thence north with the Government land line twenty miles, to the northeast cornir of Sec- tion 4, Township 10 north ; thence west with the line dividing Townships 10 and 11 six- teen miles to the place of beginning. . Sec. a. That the new county of Brown shall, from and after the Ist day of April ^1,: T^ T P°r*'' '■^^ *^ "Stts, privileges, benefits and jurisdictions which to sep- arate and mdependent counties do or may properly belong or appertain. ^ T^.i. Ai,- ^*"'' .J*"«8 Alexander and AquiUa Rogers, of Monroe County, David Wnd «'?;^'°^^^il««°..<'f Bartholomew County, and Stephen Sparks, of Jackson County, be and are hereby appointed Commissioners, agreeably to the act entitled "An ^t fixing HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 681 the seat of justice in all new counties hereafter to be laid off." The Commissioners afore- said shall meet on the second Monday in August next, at the h use of James Dawson, in the said county of Brown, and shiU proceed immediately to perform the duties required of them by law ; and it shall be the duty of the Sheriff of Monroe County to notify said Commissioners, either in person or by writing, of their appointment, on or before the second Monday of July next ; and for such service he shall receive such compensation as the board doing county business in the said county of Brown may, when organized, deem just and rea3on>kble, to be allowed and paid as the other county claims. Sec. 4. The Circuit Court and the Board of County Commissioners, when elected under the writ of election from the Executive Department, shall hold their sessions as near the center of the county as a convenient place can be had, until the public buildings can be erected. Sec, 5. The agent who shall be appointed to superintend rhe sale of lots at the county seat of said county of Brown, shall reserve ten per centum out of the proceeds thereof, and pay the same over to such person or persons as may be appointed by law to receive the same for the use of a county library. Sec. 6. The county of Brown shall be attached to the Seventh Judicial Circuit of this State for judicial purposes, and for Representative purposes the citizens of said county shall vote in the counties of Bartholomew and Monroe in the following manner: Those living within the territory of said new county, which was stricken from either of the counties aforesaid, shall vote with the respective counties from which they were stricken. Sec. 7. That the Circuit Court shall be held in the county of Brown on Mondays succeeding the week of the Monroe Circuit Court, and sit three days at each term, should the business require it. Sec. 8. That the Justices of the Peace in and for said county, when elected and quali- fied by a writ of eleciion from the Executive Department, shall constitute the Board of County Commissioners, and the Board of Commissioners aforesaid shall hold special ses- sions, not exceeding three during the first year after the organization of said county, and shall make all necessary appointments, and do and perform all other business which may or might have been necessary to be performed at any other regular session, and to take all necessary steps to collect the State and county revenue, any law or usage to the contrary notwithstanding. Sec. 9. That the act entitled " An act providing the mode of opening and repairing- public roads and highways in the county of Monroe " (approved February 2, 1833), and the act entitled " An act to amend the several acts regulating the jurisdiction and duties of Justices of the Peace in the several coun ies herein named" (approved February 7, 1835), be and the same are hereby declared to be in force in the said new county of Brown. Sec. 10. This act to be in force from and after its passage. Approved February 4, 1836. A mistake was made by the clerks of the Legislature iu the wording of this enactment, which was corrected at the succeeding session as fol- lows : Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State iff Indiana, That the word west, when it occurs in the eighth line of the first section of said act, shall be and the same is hereby declared to be a misprint, and that the word east shall be substituted in lieu thereof, and that the boundary lines of the said new county of Brown shall be permanently established in accordance with said change. Sec. 2. That the election of all officers, and that the proceedings of the board doing county business in said county from its first organization up to the time of the publica- tion of this act, be and the same are hereby legalized and rendered as valid to all intents and purposes as if no misprint or mistake had occurred in the law for the formation of said county. Sec. 3. That all fines assessed on any person or persons, citizens of said county of Brown, for the non-performance of militia duty, and the non-performance of road labor, or either of them in Monroe County, be and the same are hereby declared to be illegal, and in any case where a fine as aforesaid has been assessed and paid, the same shall be re- funded to him or them or an equivalent amount of county orders. This act to be in force from and after its publication in the Indiana Democrat. Approved December 20, 1886. THE FIRST COUNTY ELECTION. The" first thing necessary in the new county was the election of the necessary oflBcers for the management of county aifairs and the adminis- 682 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. tration of justice. James Dawson was commissioned Sheriff by the trov- ernor, and directed to order an election of a Clerk and Recorder, two Asso- ciate Judges of the Circuit Court, and three County Commissioners. An election was accordingly held on the first Monday in June, 1836, and re- sulted as follows: John Floyd, Clerk and Recorder; James Taggart and Lewis F. Raper, Associate Judge; and Daniel H^drick, William Jackson and James Davidson, County Commissioners; James Dawson's commission as Sheriff was dated April 20, 1836, and was to remain in force until his successor was elected and qualified the following August. The com- missions of the two Judges and the Clerk and Recorder were issued July 9 ; the County Commissioners were not commissioned, but were to begin service as soon as elected and qualified. At the August election, James Taggart became County Sheriff; William Followell, Coroner, and James Mclntire, Probate Judge. FIRST MEETING OP THE COUNTY BOARD. The three County Commissioners met at the house of James Dawson, as provided by law, on the 25th of July, 1886, for the transaction of busi- ness. The first act was the subdivision of the county into townships and election precincts, as follo>vs : CREATION OF TOWNSHIPS AND OTHER ACTS. Hamblen Township, bounded as follows : Beginning at the northwest corner of Section 5, Township 10 north. Range 3 east ; thence ten miles to the southwest corner of Section 20 ; thence east eight miles to the southeast corner of Section 21, in Range 4 east ; thence west eight miles to the place of beginning. Van Buren Townihip, bounded as follow^ : Beginning at the northwest corner of Section 29, Township 9 north. Range 3 east ; thence ten miles to the southwest corner of Section 8, Township 7 north. Range 3 east ; thence eight miles east to the south- east corner of Section 9, Range 4 east ; thence ten miles north to the northeast corner of Section 28, Township 9 north, Range 4 east ; thence eight miles west to the place of beginning. Johnson Township, bounded as follows: Beginning at the northeast corner of Section 30, Town- ship 9 north, Range 3 east; thence south ten miles to the southeast cor- ner of Section 7, Town 7 north, Range 3 east ; thence eight miles west to the southwest corner of Section 12, Township 7 north, Range 1 east, thence ten miles north to the northwest corner of Section 25, Township 9 north. Range 1 east ; thence eight miles east to the place of beginning. Jackson Township, bounded as follows : Beginning at the northeast cor- ner of Section 6, Township 10 north. Range 3 east; thence ten miles south to the southeast corner of Section 19, Township 9 north, Range 8 east ; thence eight miles west to the southwest corner of Section 24, Township 9 north, Range 1 east; thence north ten miles' to the north- west corner of Section 1, Township 10 north. Range 1 east ; thence eight miles east to the place of beginning. An election precinct was established at the residence of James Daw- son for all that part of the county taken from Monroe County, and one at the house of James Taggart and one at the house of Cornelius Hurley, for that portion taken from Bartholomew County. Elections were ordered HISTORY OF BKOWN COUNTY. , 683 held in the fSur townships created on the first Saturday in September, for all the township officers except Constables. Assessors were appointed, the returns to be made by the first Monday in September. Thomas Hempson was appointed County Treasurer. Overseers of the Poor were appointed for the various townships, their names appearing in the township sketches accompanying this volume. Supervisors of Roads were appointed. At the next session the locating Commissioners appointed by the Legislature presented the following report : We, the undersigned Commissioners appointed by the act of the Legislature of 1836, for the location of the county site of Brown County, Ind., do certify that according to said act we mef at the house of James Dawson, in said county, on the 8th of August, 1836, and on the 11th of August located the site of said county of Bro«n on Section 19, Townshi}) 9 north. Range 3 east, or a tract of fifty acrei of laud donated by James Dawson, Banner Brummet, John FoUowell, Piersou Brummet, James Huff, Will- iam Snyder, John King and Henry Jackson. Also, we have received a donation of ^150 to be paid in cash, fir which we have received a note payable to the Commissioners of said county of Brown in the following persons, to wit : Banner Brummet, James Dawson, James Huff, Pierson Brummet and J. W. Dunning. We also certify that we have named the county site Jacksonsburg. Given under our hands this 11th day of August, 1836. Stephen Sparks, "] James Alexander, ! Locating David Dietz', | Conamaaionert. Hiram Wilson, I The amounts claimed by the Commissioners were as follows ; Stephen Sparks, for seven days, $21 ; David Dietz, for five days, $15 ; James Alexander,. for five days, $15 ; Hiram Wilson, for five days, $15 ; total $66. This was not paid until October, 1843, after the lapse of seven years. This report was ordered, received and spread upon the records. On the 15th of August, 183Id, the township of Washington was created, with the following boundaries : Beginning at the southwest corner of Section 36, Township 9 north. Range 1 east ; thence east sixteen miles with the town- ship line to the southwest corner of Section 33, Township 9 north, Range 4 east ; thence four miles north to the northeast corner of Section 16 ; thence sixteen miles west to the northwest corner of Section 13, Township 9 north, Range 1 east ;, thence four miles south to the place of beginning. On the same day also Banner C.' Brummet was appointed County Agent, with bond at $4,000, and directed to lay out the county seat into lots to be sold at public auction, the first auction to be September 12, 1836. The sale was ordered advertised in Brown, Monroe, Bartholomew, Johnson and Jackson Counties, and was to continue as long as the agent deemed advisable. The terms of the sale were to be one-fourth in advance, one- fourth in eight months, one-fourth in sixteen months, and the remainder in twenty-four months. On the 16th of August the County Agent was ordered to lay out the county seat, which he proceeded to do. One dollar was ordered paid for each wolf scalp, and the first claimant under this order was Willi»m Snyder, who presented the scalp of one wolf over six months old. James Dawson was appointed County Surveyor. The license for taverns in the county was fixed at $ ") ; liquor or gro- ceries, $5; merchandise, $10; wooden clock peddlers or sellers, $8; ferry keepers, $2. The tax levied was 20 cents on each $100 valuation and $1 on each poll. John Richards was appointed Collector of the State 43 684 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. and county revenue. After the lots of the county seat liad been laid out, Jonathan Watson and George Groves were appointed to value them, assisted by the County Agent, and the latter was instructed to sell lots at auction thereafter quarterly. Nashville at this time was called Jackson- burg. On the 7th of November, 1836, John S. Williams was appointed County Treasurer. John Floyd had been serving and continued to serve as County Clerk and Recorder, the two offices being held by one man at that time and for a number of years afterward. In January, 1837, Will- iam Snyder was appointed Commissioner of the three per cent fund, and William Jackson was appointed Seminary Trustee. All the fines of the Circuit, justices' and other courts went to this fund, which was to be used to found a county seminary when sufficient in amount. F. Goss, J. Watson and William Taggart were appointed a committee to select public lots upon which to erect county buildings. D. D. Weddel, Jonathan Watson and H. C. Weddel were appointed a committee to settle with the County Agent. They found his report to January 3, 1837, to be as fol- lows : Fifty lots had been sold for |694.87J. Of this $91.90^ had been received in cash, and the remainder in notes according to the above conditions of sale. James Dawson was appointed Inspector of the "General Election," to be held in Brown County. All these orders were issued and business done by the County Board, which, after the first few months, consisted of all the Justices of the Peace in the county, who met as the County Commissioners now meet for the transaction of busi- ness. As high as ten or twelve met at one time. Meetings of the board were held at the house of James Dawson. The county court house and the jail were built in 1837. The tax for 1837 was 20 cents on each $100 valuation, and $1.25 on each poll. Lot No. 1 was selected for the jail, and Lot No. 2 for the court house. The board had been without funds enough to do county business, and had issued "orders," which soon began to depreciate in value. The burden then fell upon individuals, in whose hands they fluctuated. To cap the climax, the board in March, 1837, ordered that no county order should be received in payment for town lots. This served to still more depreciate the value of the orders, though they still continued to pass current at a variable point of discount. After a few years this trouble was outgrown. THE FIRST CIRCUIT COURT. This was held on the 20th of April, 1837, before Elisha M. Hunting- ton, President Judge, and James Taggart and Louis F Raper, Associate Judges. The first acts were the administration of the oaths of office to the Judges. The next was the consideration of a bastardy case, wherein the defendant moved to dismiss proceedings against him on account of irregularity, which motion was overruled by the court. As it appeared that a regular traverse jury had not been called for the April term of the court, and as the defendant called for a jury, the case was continued until the next term of court, the defendant giving sufficient bond for his ap- pearance. The next case was one of slander— Pierson Brummet vs. Reuben Mathis. The plaintiff, by his counsel, moved to dismiss the suit, which was done by the court. A seal for the court was then ordered a^ lollows: "Brown County Circuit Court," inscribed in a circular form HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 685 near the margin of the seal, and in the center the figure of a Western hunter leaning upon the muzzle of his rifle, with- his dog lying at his feet, the whole to be engraved on the usual material of proper diameter and thickness. Banner Brummet, David D. Weddel and John Floyd were then appointed Commissioners to view and re-locate so much of the Bloom- ington & Columbus State road as crossed the farms of Henry Newkirk and Robert Henderson. Court then adjourned. The second session was begun on the 19th of October, 1837 ; present, same Judges as before. The following panel of grand jurors was sum- moned and took their seats. Henry Sipes, Henry Newkirk, Joseph Bracken, Asa Hatten, James Dawson, Stephen Matney, Arnold Helton, H. A. Stivers, Thomas Elkins, James Mathis, Henry Jackson, John David and Stephen Parks. There not being enough of the regular panel present, the Sheriff was ordered to summon two bystanders, which he did as follows: Aaron Mathis and D. D. Weddel; The jury was sworn and sent out. The following attorneys were then admitted to practice at the court: John Cowgill, C. W. Hester, Paris 0. Dunning, Willis A. Gor- man, Louis F. Coppersmith and Sa.muel W. Smith. The bastardy case above mentioned was continued at the cost of the defendant. John Cow- gill was State's Attorney. The next case was a recognizance to keep the peace — Nancy Pblly vs. Thomas Polly. Nancy, upon being called, came not, and the defendant was discharged without a day. Six cases were disposed of at this term of court. The grand jury returned ten bills of indictment — six gaming, three assault and battery, and one assault and battery with intent to murder. And so the second term ended. The record of -the County Board shows that both traverse and grand jurors were chosen iu 1836 as follows: Grand jurors for October, 1836 — James Weddel, J. S. Williarii's, Daniel King, Eliakim Hamblen, Pierson Brummet, Robert Henderson, Robert Robertson, James S. Wood, Alfred Hicks, Griffith Davidson, Henry Jackson and John Hubbard. Traverse jurors for October, 1836 — William Whiteham, Wiley Guy, Silas Smith, Solomon Followell, Roily Sturgeon, Jacob Fleener, Stephen Motley, Hi- ram Mabe, Cornelius Cox, Sandy Walker, Arthur Rippy and Pleasant Weddel. Jurors were also drawn for 1837 as follows : Grand jurors for April, 1837 — David Warner, John Sinex, Asa Hatten, Cornelius Hurley, William Rippy, Simon Weatherman, William Elkins, Henry Newkirk, William Snyder, John Helton, D. D. Carrol and ; Abraham Chappel. Traverse jurors, April, 1837 — William Johnson, Israel Mullinix, Will- iam Davidson, David Siveley, James Dawson, Thomas Brown, Stephen Sparks, ~John Hoover, John Conner, George Followell, Ezra Wilson and Levi Tablet. So far as known, neither of the four juries above given, though legally appointed, served the county. THE FIRST PROBATE COURTS. On the 8th of May, 1837, the first Probate Court of Brown County convened at the court house at Nashville, with Judge James Mclntire on the bench. The Judge presented his commission from Gov. Noah Noble, and then opened court. There being no business, the court, after adopt- ing a scrawl as a temporary seal, adjourned until August. On the 4th of this month the court again convened, and the first act was the appoint- 686 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. ment of Alfred Young, administrator of the estate of William Rippe, deceased. Mr. Young reported on hand of the decedent's estate $608.15, besides considerable personal property reported. Ho was appointed guardian of the estate, and directed to order a sale of the personal prop- erty. The court then adjourned. At the November term, 1837, there being no business, court adjourned. During vacation, letters of administration were issued to Banner and Esther Brummet, of the estate of James Brummet, deceased. The will of Stephen Robertson was also filed for record. At the February term, 1838, Banner and Esther Brummet were called to answer for the admin- istration of James Brummet's estate. They reported, under oath, the following bill for record : 3 chairs, $1 ; 1 horse collar and pair of hames, 43| cents ; 1 saddle and 1 bridle, $1 ; 1 water pail, 43| cents ; 5 crocks, 50 cents ; 1 tin pan, 7 tin cups, 8 spoons, 1 coffeepot, 3 layers, and 1 set of knives and forks, $1.75: 1 bread tray and smoothing iron, 62J cents; 1 box, 1 razor, 1 horseshoe, $1.37J; 1 bed, bedding and bedstead, $6.50 ; 1 bed and bedding, $5; 1 bedding and bed, $4; money, $4.06; 1 saddle and bridle, $2.50 — total, $26.06|-. It being shown that James Brummet had died insolvent, it was ordered that the widow have all the property and pay no demands of the creditors of the deceased. The will of Stephen Robertson was read and admitted to probate. The court then adjourned. In August, Patterson C. Parker became Probate Judge, his commission being signed by Gov. David Wallace. THE FIRST COMMON PLEAS COURT. This court was established apart from the others in 1853, and the first session was held at Nashville on the 31st of January, 1853, before Judge William Gr. Quick. T-he following attorneys were sworn to practice in the court: P. C. Dunning, Daniel McClure, Fred T. Butler, George A. Buskirk and Shadrack Chandler. The next thing was the adoption of rules governing the court. The first business was ttie consideration of the petition for dower and partition of Jane Kelley and Zachariah Kelley vs. Nancy Hamblen et al. The next was the examination of witnesses in the case of James Fleetwood for retailing liquor without a license. He was required to appear at the next term of court. And so the busi- ness continued at length. COUNTY BUILDINGS. The first courts were held in the residence of James Dawson. On the first Monday in February, 1837, pursuant to an order from the County Board, Banner Brummet, County Agent, let the contract of building a court house and a jail, the first to be finished according to specifications, by the first Monday in September, 1837, and the last by the 1st of November, 1837. The work on both buildings was completed withm the time specified. The court house was of hewed logs, 18x24 feet, two stories high, two rooms above, two stairways, one at each end, two windows above, with twelve panes of glass each, one room below with one door and one window with twelve panes of glass opposite to it ; fire-places m all the rooms, chinks daubed with good mortar and weatherboarded on the inside ; gable ends of building to have one window each, and to be weatherboarded. The contractor, David D. Weddel, was to receive $50 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 687 on the 1st of June, 1837, and the remainder when the building was completed. The contract of both buildings was sold at "public outcry " to the lowest responsible bidder, at Nashville, on the 7th of March, 1837, between the hours of 10 o'clock A. M. and 4 o'clock P. M. The jail built was of hewed logs, 14x14 feet, and one foot thick. There were two walls one foot apart, and each one foot thick, and the space between was filled with hewed fpot-lumber, inserted perpendicularly. The logs of the walls left no space between them. The building was two stories high, seven feet between floors, floors of twelve-inch timber, window nine inches square on each side of criminals' room, heavy iron door and windows. Fifty dollars was to be paid on the jail, August 1, 1837, and the re- mainder. when done. William Snyder was the jail contractor. The cost of these two buildings cannot be given, but was probably not more than $700. This court house answered the purpose until 1853, when arrangements were made to build a brick structure to take its place. The old log structure was sold, and for a year or more the courts were held in the Methodist Church. In the fall of 1853, the court house contract was sold to John Douglas for about $6,500. The house was com- pleted so as to be occupied by the courts in 1855, and cost when fully finished and furnished a little more than $7,000. In 1873, dur- ing a session of the Circuit Court, this building took fire and burned to the ground, involving a loss of nearly all the county records. In June, 1874, the contract of rebuilding the house on the old ruins or foundation, and' a portion of the old walls, was let to McCornjack & Sweeney, of Co- lumbus, for $9,000, of which $4,500 was to be paid when the building was under roof, and the remainder two years after the completion of the work, with ten per cent interest. The work was performed according to contract. The building is of brick, and is two stories high, with court- room and jury-rooms above, and county offices below. Two stairways over the main entrance on the south lead to the second story. The old jail of 1837 was used with various repairs, which were almost equivalent to a new building, until 1879, when the present hewed-log "bastile" was erected, at a cost of about $1,500. The building is two storied, is 20x12 ; four on the inside, and 8 feet 4 inches high. The old log court house is yet standing, and is used as a stable, a great depression of its former noble use. MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS OF INTEREST. John Floyd, the first Clerk and Recorder, did not stay in the oflBce himself, but had a deputy, named Avery Magee. The assessment roll in 1837 (spring), showed 225 polls in the county. The land taxables at this time were worth $8,150, and the personal property, $44,649.94. John S. Williams furnished the court house with twelve chairs in Septem- ber, 1837, and D. D. Weddel furnished a table. Banner Brummet's donation to the county was twenty acres of land. James Taggart was appointed Commissioner of the surplus revenue and the three per cent fund in the fall of 1837. The County Clerk's office was established in the log court house for the first, September 2, 1837. The note of $150, part of the donation to the county, was turned over to the jail contractor as a partial consideration for his work. William Snyder succeeded 688 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. James Taggart aa surplus revenue and three per cent Commissioner. The last named fund was used to pay for the court house '^"'^ Jfifp''"'! Considerable money was paid out for wolf scalps. In August, l»^y, tne first bridge over Salt Creek, east of Nashville, on the Columbus & JSloom- ington road, was built by John A.. Brown for $233. Henry Jackson was appointed Seminary Trustee in the fall of 1839. Banner Brummet still continued to serve as.County Agent. Shadrach Chandler was appointed a student at the University at Bloomington in 1841. William Taggart became agent of the surplus revenue in 1841. In 1842, Stephen Brocken was appointed a student at the State University ; in 184d, John Arwine, Jr., same ; in 1844, Walter Hotchkiss, same ; m 1845, Isaac Somsel, same; in 184o, B. Mason, same. In 1848, D. D. Weddel became County Agent. In 1863, Sylvanus Manville was County Agent. In 1863, the county took several thousand dollars in bonds in the Colum- bus, Nashville & Bloomington Railroad, but canceled them when it was found that the road would not be built. During the winter of 1863-64, the Treasurer's office was robbed of $3,555.59 by burglars, for whom a reward of $1,000 was offered. Neither thieves nor money were recovered. In 1869, the Morgantown & Nashville Gravel Road Company came into being, among the stockholders being James S. Hester. Harvey Coleman, R. M. Dill, Isaac Knight and' Thomas M. Adams. The entire length of the road was thirteen miles and sixty-seven rods, and the total estimated cost of grading the same was $17,130. It was decided to omit graveling the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh miles north of Nashville, and the re- mainder were estimated to cost $10,200. Three miles at the south end of the road had been previously graveled and two miles at the north end, but this had to be purchased. By 1869, there was subscribed $6,120 toward building the road. The benefits to adjoining lands were assessed by order of the County Board. This project was abandoned after much had been done. It was revived in 1879 — the part between Nashville and George- town — when Lawson Hopper, W. D. Roberts, W. G. Quick, W. L. Cox, Isaac Chafin, Bliakim Hamblen and H. W. King asked for the right of way, which was granted. Much of the road was put in good shape and toll-gates were erected, but the collection of toll is almost wholly aban- doned at present (November, 1883). In 1869, a petition signed by over one hundred citizens was presented the County Board, asking that a two per cent donation be given to the Cincinnati & St. Louis Short Line Railroad Company, in consideration that the road should be built through the central part of the county. An election was ordered held December 11, which resulted as follows, by town- ships : TOWNSHIPS. For Donation. Against Donation. 46 269 18 46 72 46 Wasliington 2 Van Buren 201 6 Hamblen 64 Totals 440 319 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 689 In accordance with this decision the tax was levied, but as the road was not built, the limited amounts paid were refunded to the tax-payers In 1876, the citizens voted " yes " to donate $7,700 to the Indianapolis & Evansville Mineral Railway, provided the line was built, and at the same time Jackson Township voted $7,600 aid, and Hamblen Township, $7,- 550 aid, for the same road, upon the same condition, but the road was not built. COUNTY POLITICS. The Democracy of Bro\yn County has always been unquestionably Simon-pure. From the first, the majority was comparatively great, and never fell to a doubtful depth. The results of the earlier elections can- not; be given. At the gubernatorial election of 1856, 0. P. Morton re- ceived 220 votes in the county, while his competitor received 773, more than three and a half times as many. The vote for Common Pleas Judge was: G. A. Buskirk (Rep.), 376; W. G. Quick (Dem.), 485. Prosecut- ing Attorney, F. T. Butler. (Rep.), 202 ; A. D. Cunning (Dem.), 510. In 1858, the result for Representative in Congress was : James Hughes (Dem.), 548 ; W. M. Dunn (Rep.), 253 ; for Circuit Judge, J. W. Chap- man (Dem.), 660 ; William Harod (Rep.), 286 ; for Prosecuting Attor- ney, W. S. Mavity (Dem.), 572 ; G. W. Richardson (Rep.), 241. In 1860, the vote for Governor was : Thomas A. Hendricks (Dem.), 744 ; Henry S. Lane (Rep.), 296 ; Representative in Congress, W. M. Daily (Dem.), 702 ; W. M. Dunn (Rep.), 31!t ; Representative in the State Legislature, Lewis Prosser (Dem.), 575 ; J. W. Mcllvain (Rep.), 306 ; John Beck (S. Dem.), 118. In 1862, the result for Secretary of State, a strict party vote, was : William A. Peelle (Rep.), 213 ; James S. Athon (Dem.), 840. A majority of 627, in a total vote of 1,053, was enough for all practical purposes. Having reduced the Republican vote to such a diminutive figure, one cannot help wondering why the Democracy did not wipe it wholly out. In 1864, the vote for Governor was : Morton (Rep.), 367 ; McDonald (Dem.), 823 ; Qircuit Judge, Chapman (Dem.), 828 ; Buskirk (Rep.), 360. Prosecuting Attorney Circuit Court, H. A. Downey (Dem.), 827 ; B. F. Lewis (Rep.), 360 ; Judge Common Pleas,. 0. J. Glessner (Dem.), 827 ; W. J. Manker (Rep.), 354 ; Representative in the State Legislature, John Richards (Dem.), 814; W. W. Browning (Rep.), 351. In 1864, the result for Presidential Electors was : Demo- cratic, 821 ; Republican, 288. In 1866, the vote for Secretary of State was: M. D. Morrison (Dem.), 1,025; Nelson Trusler (Rep.)J 423; for Representative in Congress, H. W. Harrington (Dem.), 1,016 ; M. C. Hunter (Rep.), 430. In 1868, the result for Governor was : Thomas A. Hendricks (Dem.), 1,084 ; Conrad Baker (Rep.), 427 ; for Represent- ative in Congress, John W. Knightley (Dem.), 1,087 ; John Coburn (Rep.), 425 ; Presidential Electors, Democratic, 1,080 ; Republican, 458. In 1870, the result for Secretary of State was : Norman Eddy (Dem.), 974 ; M. F. A. Hoffman (Rep.), 346 ; Representative in Congress, Thomas Cottrell (Dem.), 978 ; John Coburn (Rep.), 339. In 1872, the result for Governor was: T. A. Hendricks (Dem.), 1,166; T. M. Brown (Rep.), 467; Representative in Congress, Cyrus F. McNutt (Dem.), 1,170 ; John Coburn (Rep.), 460 ; Presidential Electors, Democratic, 957; Republican, 462; Independent, 0. In November, 1876, the result for Presidential Electors was as follows, by townships : 690 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. TOWNSHIPS. Hamblen Jackson Washington.. Van Buren... Johnson Totals Tilden and HendrickB, Democratic. 805 282 869 279 79 1,254 Hayes and Wheeler, Bepublican. 102 124 129 119 14 488 Cooper and Cary, Independent. 17 42 12 8 30 109 In 1878, the result for Secretary of State was: John G. Shanklin (Dam.), 1,166 ; Isaac S. Moore (Rep.), 378 ; Henley James (Ind.) 137. In November, 1880, the result for Presidential Electors was as follows, by townships : TOWNSHIPS. Hancock and English, Pemocratic Oarfleld and Arthur, Republican. Weaver and Chambers, Independent. 356 286 461 844 129 106 162 159 133 39 7 Jackson ' 25 Washington 5. 4. Johnson 1 Totals 1,576 599 42 In November, 1882, the result for Secretary of State was : W. R. Myers (Dem.), 1,217 ; E. R. Hawn (Rep.), 555 ; H. Z. Leonard (Ind.), 91. THE COUNTY PAUPERS. The first record of a pauper claim against the county was made in the spring of 1837, by Ambrose Cobb, who was allowed $6.97, or 40 cents per week, for caring for some poor person from November 2, 1836, to March 6, 1837. After this, claims were constantly allowed on audit from the Overseers of the Poor, under whose direction the townships cared for their poor and helpless. Many or most of the early claims were set- tled in the townships, and were not presented to the County Board at all. Jane Sconce was a pauper who was cared for by the county for more than twenty years. She was regularly "farmed out " annually to the lowest bidder. She first came to public notice in 1846, \«hen William Gillaspy was allowed $6.65 for providing her with necessary wants for a few months. The pauper claims allowed in 1846-47 amounted to $89.75 • in 1847-48 to $231.14 ; in 1848-49 to $194.49 ; in 1855-56 to $483 73- in 1857-58 to $488.35; in 1861-62 to $553.29 ; in 1863-64 to $529 U •' in 1864-65 to $762.49 ; in 1865-66 to $968.14 ; in 1869-70 to $546 40 • m 1875-76 to $769.45; in 1879-80 to 908.84. In 1859, the County' Jioard took steps to purchase a poor-farm, but after viewing several loca- tions and counting the cost the project was abandoned. In March 1869 the County Board purchased 244 acres of land, adjoining Nashville on the eas, of Thomas M.Adams, for $5,000, in two equal installments; the first, April 25, 1870, and the second April 25,1871, the payments to be m county bonds bearing six per cent interest. William Waltman con- HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 691 tracted to erect a frame poor-house, 30x60 feet, for $1,474. The house was completed in 1870, and cost about $1,600. James Taggart was the first Superintendent. He received the use of the farm, and $3,085 for caring for the poor for three years. In 1872, Caleb Ferguson became Superintendent for $675 per year and the use of the farm. He was suc- ceeded, in 1877, by B. R. Kelley, for $277.50 per year and the use of the farm. Thomas J. Taggart became Superintendent in 1879, and Am- brose Fraker in 1883 — the latter for $100 per year. The number of in- mates ranges from eight to fifteen. THE COUNTY SEMINARY. All the early fines, penalties, forfeitures, etc., were paid into a fund for the foundation and maintenance of a county seminary. Henry Jackson was the first Trustee. On the 1st of February, 1840, he reported the receipts up to that time to be $80.25. A year later the amount was $127.48, and in December, 1843, was $342.67. In 1853, when the fund was transferred to the common school fund, it amounted to $515.90. THE COUNTY LIBRARY. The act creating the county provided that ten per cent of the pro- ceeds of the sales of public lots at the county seat, should be used to found and maintain a county library. In 1840, the fund amounted to $177,601. Soon after this, the first books were bought. In 1846, Will- iam Ganla was Librarian, and R. P. Manville, Treasurer. Several hun- dred volumes had been bought by this time. The fund came in slowly and in small amounts, and the library was correspondingly small. In the fifties, the McClure bequest gave to the workingmen a small library of choice reading matter. The old libraries are not kept up in these days of newspapers and cheap books. ORIGIN OF SCHOOL FUNDS. The common school fund was started in February, 1837, by the dis- tribution to the counties of the State of certain moneys which had accu- mulated and were known as the surplus revenue. Brown County re- ceived : Surplus revenue (1836) $2,125.60 Bank tax 211.23, Saline 183.24 Sinking fund 2,619.04 County Seminary fund (1853) 515.90 Total fines, penalties, forfeitures, etc., up to 1853 287.62 Fines and penalties from 1856 to 1866 inclusive 494.88 Sinking fund (1870-3) 3,428.50 Pines and penalties from 1866 to 1876 inclusive 2,259.22 Fines and penalties from 1876 to 1883, inclusive 1,613.36 Total .- $13,636.59 The Congressional fund has arisen from the sale of sixteenth sections and other lands specially reserved for the purpose. This fund furnished about the first money for the public schools and was a godsend to the early settlers. The condition of the school lands of the county in March 1845, was as follows : 692 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 9 north, 8 north, 10 north, 9 north, 10 north, 10 north 9 north, 8 north, 8 north, Range 4 east ... Range 3 east... , Range 3 east . . Range 3 east... Range 2 east... Range 4 east., Range 2 east ... Range 2 east ... Range 4 east... 120 160 640 Township Township Township Township Township Township Township Township Township The following table shows the number of children in the congressional townships and the dividend in March, 1851: Amount of Sale, 150 200 720 Cash receiptB of Sale. 62 50 180 Aorei UnBold. 640 640 640 640 640 640 Townshij) 9, Range 3 Township 7, Range 3 Township 8, Range 3 Township 8, Range 4 Township 9, Range 4 Township 10, Range 4 Township 10, Range 2 Township 10, Range 3 Township 10, Range 4 (Bartholomew County). By 1866 the sales were as follows : Township containing the Sixteenth Section. Acres Sold. Proceeds. 427i 560 640 560 600 520 640 640 640 $584.37 700.00 1260.00 784.80 1432.40 650.00 1000.00 820.00 2067.55 Total 6227i $9239.12 From 1866 to 1876 the fund increased by further sales to $9,765.37, and from 1876 to 1883, to $10,497.39. These two funds, amounting in all to $24,133.98 in 1883, are loaned out and the interest distributed to the townships. The Congressional school fund of the western townships of Bartholomew County is managed by Brown County. The following school statistics are for the year 1871 : TOWNSHIPS. Number of Children. CongresBlon- al Bevenue. Common School Bevenue. Total Tuition Bevenue. Hamblen Jaokson Washington . Van Buren . Johnson 758 728 943 753 278 , $.33.48 61.81 31.26 33.55 17.61 $394.16 378.66 490.36 391.66 141.96 $427.64 430.37 521.61 425.11 159.57 Totals . 3,456 $167.70 $1,769.60 $1,964.30 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 693 The following church statistics for Brown County were prepared in 1881: i 6 1 MBMBBKSHIP. k If i^ 1 1 P m g ii Ii5 0*3 -CI." 1! DENOMINA- TIONS. 1 1 ill £ din Methodist 15 2 7 1 10 2 12 2 4 1 8 2 600 48 300 20 450 35 750 60 334 25 600 45 1350 108 634 45 950 80 160 20 10 10 60 15 $ 8,375 2,000 2,000 600 5,000 1,000 $2,000 400 1,000 100 1,200 200 $1,000 1,000 176 25 200 50 $650 40 200 10 300 20 70 12 27 6 46 12 600 100 260 SO 400 76 800 150 Baptist 600 United Brethrea... 80 660 New Lights 100 Totals 37 29 1,453 1,714 3,167 256 S18,875 $4,900 $2,460 $1,220 172 1,375 2,380 OLD SETTLERS ASSOCIATION. In pursuance of a notice for the old settlers of Brown County to meet at Georgetown and make arrangements for a re-union, the following persons assembled August 28,1877: D. B. Adams, Calvin Moser, A.iS. Ander- son, William Marcum, Lawson Hopper, Alfred Williams, David Crouch, John McDonald, Thomas Waltman, Sen., George Heines, Milton Fleener aijd Howard Arwine. On motion D. B. Adams was made Chairman and W. M. Waltman, Secretary. It was then decided to hold the first re-union at Georgetown on the 22d of September, 1877, and invite Judge Hester, Alfred Williams and William Mason to address the multitude. Gov. J. D. Williams and Hon. D. W. Voorhees also received an invitation to be present. William M. Waltman was selected to deliver the address of welcome to the old settlers. On motion a committee of three from each township was appointed to record the names of all persons living therein who had been in the county thirty years or more and to bring the list to the first re-union to be read and recorded. These committees were as follows : Hamblen Township — W. G. Watson, W. P. Taggart and Joshua Metheney. Jackson Township — A. S. Anderson, Milton Fleener and William M. Waltman. Washington Township— Davicl,Crouch, Alfred Will- iams and Lewis Rogers. Van Buren Township — J. A. McKinney, John Noblett and J. T. Ping. Johnson Township — James Sexton, Wart Elkins and Thomas Madgett. Various committees and officers were appointed to introduce everything to make the occasion enjoyable. A beautiful cane was promised the man who had lived in the county longest and was over sixty years of age ; and a hickory rocking chair to the lady longest in the county and over fifty years of age. All were asked to bring old and interesting relics. On the 22d of September, 1877, an enormous crowd gathered at Georgetown, coming from all points of the compass. The exercises were opened with music by the Nashville Cornet Band and prayer by Rev. Benjamin Woods. Mr. Waltman, in an appropriate manner, made the welcoming address. The committee to award the cane and chair were Judge Hester, W. G. Watson, John Richards, Hiram and Enoch Sexton. Hon. Alfred Williams was elected permanent President of the society and W. M. Waltman, Secretary. The cane was awarded to Edward David, who was ninety-two years old and had lived in the county sixty-four years, and the chair to Margaret Graham, who was eighty years old and had lived in the county sixty-three years. The old gen- 694 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. tleman, as if but forty years old instead of ninety-two, exhibited hia activity and appreciation of the gift after the fashion of ye olden time by dancing a jig to the tumultuous applause of the large crowd. A fine dinner was enjoyed and the day was passed in narrating incidents of pioneer times, which by all means ought to have been recorded. Old- fashioned speeches, full of rude eloquence and strength, were delivered by many old settlers present. Cornelius McCoy was dressed in hunter's suit and armed with rifle, tomahawk and knife. The following record was made : Age in Years in the 1877. County. Edward David 92 64 Enoch Sexton 64 36 Green Graham 89 63 Enoch Hampton 67 60 Jesse Hamblen 65 67 Alfred Smith 80 40 Thompson Henry 77 36 John Richards 69 47 William Marcum 73 43 James Keaton 75 37 Christopher Long 80 42 Christopher Stump 80 50 James Terhune 77 50 Jacob Stephens 78 30 Thomas Waltman 71 40 John Prosser 80 40 Levi Dubois 65 37 Mrs. John Hoover 73 66 Mrs. Mary Marcum 67 43 Mrs. Margaret Graham 80 63 Mrs. Nancy Walker 71 48 Mrs. Mary Kennedy '. 72 40 Mrs. Betty Smith 77 40 Mrs. Andrew Gray 74 32 Many were present whose ages and dates of settlement were not se- cured. The meeting of 1878 was held at Nashville, and the day was dark and rainy, but notwithstanding was quite well observed. The meeting of 1879 was also held at Nashville, and was well attended and enjoyed. So was the meeting of 1880. The re-union of 1881 was held at Goshen, three miles east of Georgetown. This was a very interesting meeting. John Prosser and wife, each eighty years of age, who had lived together sixty-three years, were presented an elegant bible. A pair of spectacles was awarded to Green Graham as the oldest person present — ninety-one years. Each of the following old settlers were presented with a stout cane, each having choice in the order of age : Martha Terhune, eighty- three years of age ; Enoch Davis, eighty ; James Terhune, eighty ; An- drew Gray, seventy- eight ; James Keaton, seventy eight; Charles Smith, seventy-seven; Mary Kennedy, seventy-seven ; Mrs. A. Gray, seventy- seven; William Marcum, seventy-seven; Nancy Walker, seventy-six; Mrs. William Marcum, seventy-six ; Martin Bright, seventy-six ; Jacob Fron- telter seventy-two; Katie Wilson, seventy-two; James Groves, seventy-two: Jesse Gee seventy-two; David Hamblen, seventy-one ; Jesse Hamblen, seventy; Philips Hupp, seventy; Thomas Ogden, seventy; Brazilla Horner, sixty-eight; Mrs. Keaton,sixty-eight: Lewis Moser,8ixty-eight; Mrs. Samuel HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 695 Ellis, sixty-seven; James Parsley, sixty-seven; James McIIvain, sixty -seven- A. S. Anderson, sixty-five; Thomas Swift,sixty-five; Charles Walker, sixty, four; William Douglas, sixty-four; Lucinda Curry ,8ixty-four; Calvin Moses; sixty-four. The reunion of 1883, one of the best, was held at George- town and was largely attended. A foot-race was run by the old men present. BROWN COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. In October, 1879, Drs. J. M. Cook, A. J. Ralphy, J. H. Leonard, R. E. Holder, W. H. Beatty, N. Browning, James P. Hosier, T. E. Smith, E. S. Arwine, James B. Campbell, Marion H. Duncan, John F. Genolin and A. A. Took met at Nashville and organized the Brown County Medical Society, under control of and auxiliary to the State Medical Society. The object of the society, as stated in the constitution adopted, was '• to provide an organization through which the regular physicians of the county may be united in one professional fraternity for the purpose of giving frequent expressions to the views and aims of the medical profession ; to supply more efficient means for cultivating and ad- vancing medical knowledge ; for elevating the standard of medical educa- tion; for promoting the usefulness, honor and interests of the medical profession and encouraging emulation and concert of action among its meml)ers ; for facilitating and fostering friendly intercourse between those engaged in it ; for enlightening and directing public opinion in regard to the duties, responsibilities and requirements of medical men ; and for the promotion of all measures adapted to the relief of the suffering and to improve the health and to protect the lives of the community." It was decided that any regular physician of the county could become a member of the society upon vote of two-thirds of the membership. The ethics of the American Medical Society was adopted for the regulation of the organization. A seal was adopted, bearing the legend in Roman letters : " Brown County Medical Society, organized October, 23, 1879, " and within the center a cut of the mortar and pestle. Meetings were held quite regularly at first and much interest was manifested, but lately the society has become almost defunct. LIST OF COUNTY PHYSICIANS — 1881-83. Enoch S. Arwine, Bean Blossom; William H. Beatty, Needmore; Nathan Browning, Elkinsville ; William H. Banks, Waymansville; H. C. Conner, Nashville ; Marion A. Duncan, Nashville ; Joseph N. Fleener, Needmore ; Arnold S. Griffitt, Nashville ; John F. Genolin, Nashville ; R. E. Holder, New BellsVille; Lavina Hotchet,* Schooner Valley; M. L. Judah, Bloomington ; John H. Leonard, Elkinsville ; James P. Moser, Spearsville ; Stephen Mossop, Schooner; Sarah M. Meryman,* Ramelton ; A. J. Ralphy, Nashville ; W. H. Roddy, Mount Moriah ; Joannah Richards,* Richard ; A. C. Spencer, Bean Blossom ; George P. Story, Pike's Peak ; Marietta J. Smith,* Bloomington; Capt. T. Taggart, Nashville ; James G. Ward, Bean Blossom ; Samuel C. Wilson, Pike's Peak ; T. E. Warring, Nashville ; John M. Warring, Smithville ; A. F. Wright, Bean Blossom ; Amy Whitehorn,* Pike's Peak. •Midwife. 696 HISTORY OP BROWN COUNTY. THE COUNTY PRESS. In about the year 1854, S. A. Armour establisked at Nashville the Spy, a small Democratic newspaper, subscription price $1 per year. This was the first editorial venture in the county. A subscription of about 300 was secured. Mr. Armour was at once editor, publisher, compositor and devil, and after continuing with fair success until about December, 1856, the office was sold to a company consisting of J. S. Hester, J. S. Arwine, Eugene Culley, Sylvanus Manville and perhaps others, who began pub- lishing the Hickory Withe, a sheet of pronounced Democratic views, edited by James S. Hester, a man of excellent brain and a writer of unusual strength. Manville & Arwine were the publishers. The paper was conducted about a year, when the office was sold to a faction of the United Brethren Church, which had left the parent organization over the subject of the Mexican war. W. S. Olmstead, Eli P. Farmer, Jesse Brandon, William Taggart, Jesse Hamblen and others then immediately started the Evangelical Republican, a religious newpaper of the United Brethren Church, new organization. Jesse Brandon was the publisher. This paper was issued for some time, possibly until Jesse Brandon pur- chased the office early in 1861, and started the Nashville Union, of Demo- cratic proclivity. This paper was well patronized during the fiery years of the war, and was conducted until the death of Mr. Brandon in about 1866, when Watts Adams bought the office and founded the Nashville Star, another Democratic paper, which saw a sickly existence for about eight months. The office then passed to Summers & Gaston, who issued the Democrat through a laborious life of about six months. After this a man named Winters continued the sheet three numbers, when it died for the want of breath. In December, 1867, George Sleeth secured the of- fice and began to issue the Nashville Bemocrat, and continued until about September, 1868, and then sold out to L. H. Miller, who started the Index, another Democratic organ. This was issued until about the month of March, 1889, when it became defunct. In 1870, Yates & Al- lison started the Jacksonian, another Democratic newspaper, but within a few months Yates sold out to Allison, who continued the issue until March, 1883. In February, 1883, Waltman & Chafin founded the Democrat, and in March, 1883, bought the office of the Jacksonian, as- suming the name the Jacksonian Democrat. Before this W. W. Browning had purchased Chafin's interest in the office. In May, 1883, John C. Hester bought Waltman's interest, becoming Browning's partner, and in June, 1883, bought the latter's share, becoming sole owner and proprietor, which he is at present, November, 1883. It will be noticed that all the above papers, except the Evangelical Republican, which was a religious sheet, were Democratic. Only one Republican paper has been published in Brown County. In about the fall of 1878, A. S. Helm started at Georgetown the Brown County Republican and continued the issue until February, 1879, when he removed the office to Nashville and resumed the issue. The political soil of Brown County was unfavorable for the growth of this Republican plant, and in about three months it withered and died for the want of financial showers and nourishment. COUNTY JUSTICES AND COMMISSIONERS. Daniel Hedrick, President, 1836; William Jackson, 1836; James HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 697 Davidson, 1836. (In November, 1836, the Justices of the Peace assumed the county business.) Justices — William Taggart. Jonathan Watson, George Groves, Nathan Davis, Banner C. Brummet, David D. Weddel, Jacob Hentsonpiller, Frederick Goss, Hiram C. Weddel, 1836 ; John C. Marshall, William Bender, John Hampton, Joshua Boles, William S. Rob- erts and Thomas M. Adams, 1837 ; James Chandler, Cornelius W. Tucker, James Terhune and George Krider, 1838 ; * Jacob B. Myers, Patter- son C. Parker, John Richards and David Crouch, 1839 ; John Hoover, 1840; Benjamin Chandler, Solomon S. Pressley, Joseph Hurley and William M. Mason, 1841 ; Samuel Lane and James Arwine, 1842 ; William A. Cardwell, William Sullivan, James Chandler and James M. Mabe, 1843 ; David D. Weddel, Samuel Champion, James T. Berry, John Richards and Daniel Crouch, 1844 ; Lewis F. Raper and William Galaspy, 1845. (In June, 1845, the county was divided into three Com- missioners' districts, and after the fall elections Commissioners took control of the county business in place of the Justices of the Peace.) Commissioners — Joseph Kelley, 1845; William Taggart, 1845; William Bender, 1845 , John S. Arwine, 1846 ; Preston Goforth, 1847 ; Joseph Kelley, 1848; John S. Arwine, 1849; Preston Goforth, 1850; J. A.- McKinney, 1851 ; Milton Fleener, 1852 ; George Butcher, 1853 ; James Arwine, 1854; Preston Goforth, 1854; J. A. McKinney, 1855, A. A. Anderson, 1855 ; Preston Goforth, 1857 ; Eli L. Moore, 1857 ; A. S. Anderson, 1858; N. N. Maris, 1859; Wiley Spurgeon, 1860; John Richards, 1861 ; L. J. Tull, 1862 ; John Wadsworth, 1863 ; John Breed- love, 1864 ; Hannibal I. Mead, 1865 ; Thomas S. Lucas, 1866 ; John Richards, 1867 ; H. I. Mead, 1868 ; A. R. Moser, 1869 ; Robert Hen- derson, 1870 ; John Stilenbauer, 1871 ; Allen S. Anderson, 1872 ; Robert Henderson, 1873 ; H. I. Mead, 1874 ; B. V. Lockman, 1875 ; Thomas Waltman, 1876 ; Samuel Webber, 1876 ; John Deist, 1877 ; B. V. Lockman, 1878; Thomas Waltman, 1879; John Deist, 1880; Thomas Madgett, 1881 ; James Flint, 1882 ; William Walker, 1883. AUDITORS. Thomas M. Adams, 1841; Shadrach Chandler, 1848; Lewis Pressor, 1850 ; Sylvanus Manville, 1858 ; Eugene Culley, 1862 ; W- G. Watson, 1870 ; G. W. Allison, 1874 ; John S. Williams, 1882. CLERKS. John Floyd, July 9, 1836; Thomas M. Adams, 1839; Shadrach Chandler, 1842 ; William M. Mason, 1848 ; Thomas M. Adams, 1859 j James S. Hester, 1863 ; James Ralphy, 1864 ; William H. Bainbridge, 1865 ; W. M. Cox, 1867 ; Eliakim Hamblen, 1874 ; Joshua Metheney, 1882. RECORDERS. John Floyd, July 9, 1836 ; Thomas M. Adams, 1839 ; Shadrach Chandler, 1848 ; William M. Mason, 1848; Fountain Southerland, 1858 ; John Carson, 1862 ; Daniel Marcellus, 1864 ; L. D. Wood, 1872 ; Isaac Chafin, 1876. *MaaT of the Justices held over from year to year, aereral for many years. CommiBBious were for BeTen yean. 698 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. SURVEYORS. James Dawson, 1836 ; Allen S. Anderson, 1839 ; John W. Chaver, 1842 ; A. S. Anderson, 1852 ; John P. Wright, 1854 ; Alfred Williams, 1866; William H. McCarty, 1860; David S. Story, 1862; John P. Wright, 1862 ; L. S. Alder, 1865 ; John P. Wright, 1867 ; Alfred Will- iams, 1869; John T. Brock, 1870; W". T. Carmichael, 1871; L. S. Adler, 1872 ; Alfred T. Gee, 1882. TREASURERS. Thomas Hinkson, July 26, 1836 ; John S. Williams, November 7, 1836; Isaac Bott, 1844; W. W. Baker, 1849; Lewis F. Raper, 1852; Charles C. Hanna, 1856; Alfred Williams, 1860; J. A. McKinney, 1864; W. H. Taggart, 1868; Eli T. Moore, 1872; Thomas Milnes, 1876 ; Joseph M. Cook, 1880. SCHOOL COMMISSIONER, EXAMINER OR SUPERINTENDENT. D. D. Weddel, 1837, Commissioner; Alfred Smith, 1844, same; Thoa. M. Adams, 1854, Examiner ; Isaac N". Prosser, 1856 ; David S. Story, 1857; James S. Hester, 1858 : S. E. Mcllhaney, 1860; W. W. Brown- ing, 1861 ; W. S. Olmstead, 1862 ; William L. Cox, 1864 ; L. S. Alder, 1867; Fletcher D. Wood, 1871; W. D. Roberts, 1872; J. S. Williams, two months, 1873 ; John M. McGee, first County Superintendent, June, 1873; D. M. Beck, 1877; S. P. Neidigh, 1881. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. James Taggart, July 9, 1836 ; Lewis F. Raper, July 9, 1836 ; Daniel King, 1841; John Hoover, 1843; Jonathan Watson, 1843; Hiram C. Weddel, 1848 ; John C. Marshall, 1850 ; Milton Fleener, 1850. PROBATE JUDGES. James Mclntire, 1836 ; Cornelius W. Tucker, 1838 ; Joseph Stilson, 1840 ; John C. Marshall, 1840 ; James Watson, 1847. CIRCUIT JUDGES. Elisha M. Huntington, 1836 ; David McDonald, 1839 ; Alexander C. Downey, 1853; Joseph W. Chapman, 1858; John G. Berkshire, 1864 ; James S. Hester, 1870 ; Nathan T. Oarr, 1880. COMMON PLEAS JUDGES. W. G. Quick, 1853 ; G. A. Buskirk, 1857 ; Oliver J. Glessner, 1864 ; Thomas W. Woolson, 1869. SHERIFFS. James Dawson, April 20, 1836 ; James Taggart, August 16, 1886 ; Littleton Mathews, 1839 ; R. S. Brummet, 1839 ; William S. Roberts 1841 ; Walter W. Baker, 1842 ; W. S. Roberts, 1846 ; R. S. Brummet 1848; Benjamin R. Kelley, 1852; Stephen A. Kennedy, 1856; David Crouch, 1860; W. G. Watson, 1864; R. S. Brummet, 1868; F. G. Matheney 1870; A T. Sipes, 1872; S. A. Kennedv, 1876; John H. Watson, 1880 ; T. J. Taggart, 1882. HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 699 CORONERS. William FoUowell, August 16, 1836 ; James S. Woods, 1838 ; Joseph Kellev, 1841: Otho Wolf, 1845; Hiram Reynolds, 1848; William Taylor, 1849 ; Royal P. Manville, 1854 ; Thompson H. Larkin, 1856 ; Daniel Marsh, 1858; James Jackson, 1859 ; John Henry, 1864; James Hampton, 1865; Asa Reeves, 1866; W. G. Watson, 1868; S. C. Wil- son, 1870 ; M. E. Phillips, 1872 ; A. S. Griffitt, 1874 ; W. T. Grat- ton, 1876 ; W. J. Long, 1878 ; Alfred J. Ralphy, 1880. POPULATION OF BROWN COUNTY. Population in 1830 (estimated) 150 Population in 1840 2,364 Population in 1850 4,846 Population in 1860 6,607 Population in 1870 8,681 Population in 1880 10,264 FINANCES. The first money secured for carrying on the expenses of the county was the cash received from the sale of lots in Nashville. This amount was small, but 'the county expenses were correspondingly small. On the second day of the January term, 1837, of County Justices' Court — about six months after the machinery of the county had been set in motion — John S. Williams, County Treasurer, presented the following report of re- ceipts and expenditures : Cash receipts to date $25.00 Cash paid out $24.00 Treasurer's percentage 76 Total $24.76 Balance on hand .24 The second report of the Treasurer was made on the 1st of Septem- ber, 1887, and was as follows, exclusive of the above report : Cash receipts i|f34.93f Cash from County Agent 60.00 Cash received on donations 16.00 Total $110.93J Cash paid out $39.70 Cash paid on court house 50.00 Total $89.70 Balance in treasury $21.23J Since paid in 4.76^ Total balance $26.00 From September, 1837, to November, 1837, the total receipts were $24.53f, and the total expenses $24.35, leaving a balance of 18| cents. From November, 1837, to January, 1838, the receipts were $45.75, and the expenses the same. The following is the full report of the Treasurer for the first fiscal year — from May, 1837, to May, 1838 : 44 700 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. Cash receipts $286.66 Cash paid out 288. 53J OverdrawD $ 1.97J Treasurer's percentage 16.34 County indebtedness $18.31J The Treasurer's report for the fiscal year ending May, 1839, was as follows : Received from County Agent , $352.62 Receive^ from county revenue 845.18 Total receipts $697.80 Town lot fund paid out $351.18 County revenue paid out 335.20 Total expenses $680.38 Balance on hand $11.42 Treasurer's percentage 17.39 Balance due Treasurer $5.97 The following is the Treasurer's report for the calendar year 1840 : Cash receipts from all sources $745.00 Paid first grand jurors $211.25 Paid first traverse jurors 244.25 Paid Supervisors 4.50 Paid Associate Judges 42.00 Paid Assessors 20.00 Paid for blank books 27.37 Recording field noies 20.00 Assessment rolls 8.00 Clerk's extra service 60.00 Sheriffs extra service 60.00 Wolf scalps 23.00 Press and screw 4.00 Election returns 6.00 Total expenses $730.37 Balance , $14.63 Treasurer's former percentage $34.82 Treasurer's present percentage $13.50 Total $48.82 Balance due Treasurer 23.69 The total receipts for the fiscal year 1845-46 were $1,289.82, and the total expenses $1,275.76. The county revenue was $758.45 ; wolf scalps cost $63 ; paupers cost $4.75. For the fiscal year 1848-49 the receipts were $3,967.49, and the expenses $3,725.36. The county revenue was $3,181.50; merchants' licensebrought $31.03; grocery license $3.75; and the poor cost $194.49. The receipts for the fiscal year 1857-58 were $3,672.13 ; expenses, $3,866.58. County officers cost $894.23. The county revenue was $2,705.01. The receipts in 1860-61 were $4,- 682.42; expenses, $3,817.90. The following year the receipts were $4,429 ; expenses, $4,251.24 ; countv officers, $1,269.35. In 1863-64 the receipts were $7,154.14; expenses, $7,154.22 ; overpaid, 8 cents; county officers cost $2,011.17; county revenue was $5,004.17 In 1865-66 the receipts were $35,531.52; expenses, $27,340.16; leav- HISTORY OF BKOWN COUNTY. 701 ing on hand |8,191.36. The county revenue was $13,973.64. The military bond tax collected was $12,111.49. This heavier tax was due to expense growing out of the war. In 1869-70, the receipts were $17,614.21 ; expenses, $14,488.98, leaving on hand $3,125.08. The county revenue was $11,428.89 ; county officers cost $4,550.78. In 1875-76 the receipts were $25,652.31; expenses, $27,378.25, leaving outstanding orders $1,925.94. The county revenue was $10,- 441,95; refunded county bonds sold, $13,955; county officers cost $4,- 847.87. In 1879-80 the receipts were $18,701; expenses, $18,701 ; county revenuewas $13,519.97 ; county officers cost $4,158.15. The total county orders issued from June, 1857, to June, 1875 — eighteen years — were $162,- 772.99, of which $150,557.60 were redeemed, leaving outstanding $12,- 221.35. In June, 1875, the County Board issued $15,000 new bonds to refund some old ones and cover new indebtedness., Of this $2,000 was to be paid June, 1877, and $2,000 every year thereafter until 1883, with ten per cent interest. ' The following is the County Treasurer's report for the fiscal year 1882-83 : KECEIPTS. Cash on hand last report $7,699.24 Net collection of taxes, November installment 12,166.88 Net collection of taxes, April installment 19,960.47 Tuition fund, June drawing 5,323.58 Tuition fund. January drawing 4,386.83 School fund principal, including iines 3,005.77 School fund interest 1,656.34 School fund, damage and cost on sale 12.50 Redemption 388.99 On sale of county realty 400.00 Liquor license 100.00 Sale of bonds , 6,500.00 On Moore judgments 148.03 State docket fees 44.00 Jury fees., i 13.50 Refunded County revenue 38.00 Costs received, Bartholomew County 38.30 Surplus on tax sale 7.14 Sale of old carpet 1.00 Total , $61,890.07 EXPENDITUKES. Warrants surrendered $17,573. 15 Paid Treasurer of State .'. 2,663.92 Paid Insane Asylum 10.90 Paid House of Refuge 30.00 Paid Congressional School interest to Bartholomew County.. 76.52 Paid bonds 2,000.00 Paid interest on bonds 560.00 Warrants surrendered 14,843.18 House of Refuge 30.00 Paid Treasurer of State 4,00}.68 House of Refuge , 30.00 Congressional interest to Bartholomew County 70.13 Warrants surrendered 10,929.52 Total $.52,818.95 Balance in Treasury.. $9,071.12 Respectfully submitted. June 6, 1883. Joseph C. Cook; Treasurer. 702 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. The following is the recapitulation of taxes for the year 1883 CIVIL DIVISIONS. Value of Lands. Value ol Im- prove- ments, Value of Lands and Im- prove- ments. Num, ber of Dogs. Value of Lots. Value of Im- prove- ments. Value of Person- al Pro- perty. Total Value of Taxables. Polls. Hamblen Jackson Washington Van Buren Johnson Town of Nashville... Totals.. $232,120 177,322 153,739 149,748 66,261 $42,635 61,628 55,856 79,532 20,439 $274,755 238,960 209,596 229,280 76,700 250 301 290 303 110 25 $250 615 3,230 1,340 24,389 $108,160 152,365 102,486 130,220 50,340 41,310 $383,595 395,160 312,080 361,065 127,040 74,735 $769,190 $260,090 361 357 139 67 $1,029,280 1,228 810,126 $29,389 $584,880 $1,653,676 1,676 CIVIL DIVISIONS. STATE TAX. STATE HOUSE TAX. STATE SCHOOL TAX. STATE UNIVER- SITY ENDOW- MENT. COUNTY REVENUE. BOND TAX. $616 81 640 69 555 00 611 78 221 96 123 18 $76 71 79 04 62 41 72 21 26 41 14 95 $773 25 798 '75 679 84 756 21 272 76 153 08 $19 18 19 76 15 60 18 06 6 35 3 73 $2,825 48 2,912 86 2,349 46 2,687 90 952 42 552 91 $271 66 280 83 Washington 246 29 269 78 •Nashville 54 n Totals $2,772 41 $330 73 $3,433 89 $82 68 $12,281 03 $1,220 84 *NashviIle paid a corporation tax of $37.37. CIVIL DIVISIONS. BOAD TAX. TOWNSH'P TAX. SPECIAL SCHOOL TAX. Doa TAX. TOTAL TAX. Hamblen $575 39 592 74 468 12 541 60 190 56 112 10 $383 60 395 16 312 08 361 07 1^0 56 $ 926 69 1,154 40 960 70 .1,261 69 460 62 295 07 $266 333 313 323 124 25 $6,737 67 7,207 23 5,962 50 6,903 30 2,532 90 1,371 50 Jackson Washington Van Buren Johnson *Nashville Totals $2,480 51 $1,642 47 $5,049 17 $1,384 $30,715 10 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 703 MILITARY HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. BY WESTON A. GOODSPEED. MILITIA ORGANIZATIONS. SCARCELY any attempt was made during the long years of peace from the formatiom of Brown County until the war with Mexico, and af- terward until the rebellion of 1861-65, to maintain the organization of the county militia. During the forties a nominal organization was kept up for short periods, and several of the citizens were permitted to assume the honors of military commissions, but prior to the war with Mexico, there was scarcely a man in the county who could have boasted of having smelleol gunpowder, much less having participated in an actual war campaign. There were a few survivors of the war of 1812, who, at celebrations of the Fourth of July, were placed on the stand, eulogized and cheered. James Taggart was a commissioned oflBcer under this old militia system, as were T. M. Adams, James S. Hester and several others. THE MEXICAN WAR. On the 13th of May, 1846, the President of the United States called for troops to carry on the war with Mexico, which had just begun. Within a few days after the receipt of the news, James Taggart, T. M. Adams,- P. C. Parker, Williamson Wise, Charles Bolt and perhaps others concluded to raise a company, if possible, in Brown County for the war. A meeting was advertised to be held at Greorgetown, to raise volunteers, on which occasion a large crowd gathered. The above men headed the enlist- ment roll with their names, and a call was made for others and was responded toby an increase to about twenty men. Another meeting was called at Nash- ville soon afterward, and the number of volunteers was so increased that it was seen that the completion and organization of the company was assured. Early in June, the complete organization was effected by the election of the following officers : James Taggart, Captain; Thomas M. Adams, First Lieutenant; Patterson C. Parker, Second Lieutenant; Williamson Wise,* Third Lieutenant. The organization was fully completed on the 8th of June, and was reported thus to the Governor of the State for acceptance and assignment to the Third Indiana Regiment, which was rapidly being mustered at New Albany. On the 14th of June, orders were received from the Govefnor for the company to proceed forthwith to New Albany and there to report to the officers of the Third Regiment. The company hastily made preparations to leave on the following day — the 15th of June. They had purchased bright uniforms of bright of blue jeans and had styled themselves " Brown County Blues," a name by which they were known all through the war. The following day they left the county, followed by the * It iB stated by Mr. Kennedy, who waa a member of the company, that the Third Lieutenant was not elected until after New Albany had been reached. 704 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. best wishes of neighbors and the tears and warna farewells of friends. A large crowd had assembled to see them leave in wagons. The company, except about ten of their men who remained behind to ari'ange their busi- ness affairs before joining their comrades, reached New Albany on the 17th of June, and were soon mustered in as Company E of the Third In- diana Volunteers, Col James H. Lane. Here the company and its regiment remained until early in July, being subjected in the meantime to constant parades and discipline to fit it for the active scenes of war. It reached New Orleans early in July, and camped upon the field made famous by Gen. Jackson. At the expiration of about a week the regi- ment took shipping across the Gulf of Mexico to Brazos Island, encoun- tering on the way a severe storm. While at New Orleans, Caleb Bidwell, of the company, died of measles, his death being the first in the company. Reese Brummet and John Followell died of disease on the Gulf and were buried beneath the waves with cannon balls at their feet. Joshua Brum- met and several others died at Brazos Island, and were entombed in the sand. The regiment after several months was removed to Camp Belknap where Capt. Taggart was taken sick and sent home. During his absence, Lieut. Adams commanded the company. The regiment occupied Matamoras, Marine, Saltillo, Nueva and various other points, doing guard or garrison duty and suffering severely from the peculiar Southern diseases. At last the regiment moved back from Saltillo, and was unaware of the presence of an enemy until the long-roll called to arms on the field of Buena Vista. Gen. Taylor hastily formed his line of battle across Buena Vista Pass, and with about 5,000 troops waited the approach from the southwest of Gen. Santa Anna with 20,000 Mexi- cans. Capt. Taggart had regained his health at home and had joined his company on the 21st of February, 1847, the day before the battle of Buena Vista. At last the enemy could be seen moving up the Pass, and soon his swarming legions were in full vie iv and within three miles. The Third Indiana was posted on a round hill on the right side of the Pass, to support Washington's battery. The Mexicans first undertook to force the Pass in solid column, but they met such a storm of shot and shell from the battery that they were forced back in full retreat. Then it was that the Mexican commander flanked to the right and fell upon Taylor's left, forcing the Second Indiana and other troops back and gaining the rear of the American army. The Third was ordered from its position and thrown out to check the retreat, and was soon where bullets were as thick as hailstones in the air. Here the Brown County boys received their first baptism of blood and fire. The first one hurt was Elias Weddel, who was shot through the hips, and was carried from the field. Squire Stewart was prostrated by concussion from a howitzer ball. Matthew Mathews, was shot through the hand, for which he draws a pension. The fight was sharp and hot and continued until night. Just at the close of the battle, at almost the last fire from the enemy, while Company E was being thrown back, Capt. Taggart received a mortal wound from a carbine ball, which entered just over his left kidney and came out near the center of his right breast. He pitched forward on his hands and knees, exclaim- ing " I'm a dead man," and immediately fell over on his side. Stephen Kennedy, the only one of his company at that moment near him, car- HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. -705 ried him into one of the many deep ravines within a few feet of where h'^ had fallen. The firing was yet brisk over the ground there, but Ken- nedy remained to hear the last words of the dying man. He said sub- stantially, " Tell my folks to meet me in the good world. Be a good soldier, Kennedy. Go on to your company." He then became uncon- scious, and Kennedy hurriedly left the spot amid the last shower of car- bine bullets from the enemy. Capt. Taggart lies buried on the battle- field where he heroically died a soldier's death. No other casualties oc- curred, and Company B, commanded by Capt. T. M. A.dams, saw no more fighting. Many more of the boys died from disease before their return. After occupying various positions, the regiment started north on the 24th of May, 1847. The Brown County boys reached home early .in July, and were given a warm welcome by their relatives and friends. The boys who went to Mexico must not be forgotten under the-shadow of the last great war. It was no holiday undertaking to go from the com- paratively cold climate of the Northern States to the hot and peculiar climate of Mexico. The appalling sacrifice of life from disease abun- dantly attests the peril which the men were required to undergo. Many were left in lonely, deserted and forgotten graves, in that distant land, and the rugged cactus comes and kisses with its crimson blossoms the silent mounds where they sleep. The rich flowers of the stately mag- nolia shed their fragrant perfume around ; the long festoons of silvery moss hang weeping above the grassy graves ; the sighing wind and the tear-drops of rain come to mourn for the departed, and over all the strange, bright birds of tropical woods chant the sad requiem of death. The boys are gone, but their names are living jewels in the bright casket of memory. THE POLITICAL FEELING IN 1860-61. The political campaign of 1860 had been very warm in Brown County. Every township had had its company or companies of Wide- Awakes, and scarcely a night had passed without public speaking and noisy and enthusiastic demonstration. The clubs of Democracy had uni- formed themselves with hickory suits, erected poles and flung the names of Douglas and Johnson or Breckinridge and Lane to the breeze. Torch- light processions and vociferous cheering had nightly disturbed the drowsy air. The few Republican clubs were jubilant and confident. Their emblems of the campaign were rails or mauls and wedges, and they were'called Wide- A wakes. The songs of the two parties are yet fresh in the memory : "Oh see the Douglas platform falling, Falling, falling, down it must go. And in its place shall firmly stand Abe Lincoln the true and Hamlin too, Abe Lincoln the true and Hamlin too, And with them we'll beat Little Dug, Dug, Dug, Old Abe has cracked his mug." Or the following lament of Lincoln sung by the Democrats to the air of " Susannah." 706 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. " Oh, Hamlin, dear, my "fairest"* one, Oh don't you cry for me ; I fear that house in Washington I'll never, never see. I love the Black Republicans, And for the darkies sigh ; But all, I fear, will do no good, But Hamlin don't you cry. Choeus.— Oh, my dear Hannibal, Don't you cry for me, I'm going up Salt River With a darkey on each knee." Or the following : "No, Lincoln can't come in, I say, Then ho, for Douglas, ho 1 The Democrats have Stephen A., Then ho, for Douglas, ho ! Republicans may bite their nails, May rave about their Lincoln rails, But can't come up to Steve's coat tails. Then ho, for Douglas, ho !" When the returns were all in and the name of Lincoln was on every tongue, and the Southern Sta.tes, one after another, began to enact ordi- nances of secession, all wiser heads saw that the conflict had come. The slavery question must be settled either to the satisfaction of the North or the South. No evasion would answer. Many citizens throughout the county, some of them Abolitionists, believed that the Southern States had a right to peaceably secede from the Union. It was a period of political chaos. Men did not fully know their own minds. A revolution in thought on the subject of State rights, secession, slavery, etc., was ensuing, and the public mind was buffeted around by every breeze of sentiment, or fancy, or even folly. Here and there arose some intellect head and shoul- ders above its fellows and looked down with the impartial eye of a true philosopher upon the real and ominous state of the country. To such men the hearts of all turned anxiously for relief. When Mr. Lincoln took the reins of government, speedy relief from public gloom and embarrass- ment was expected ; but as time slipped away, and effective action was masked by broad generalizations and the course of the administration was clouded with apparent doubt and hesitancy, many of the best Union men lost heart. The friends of disunion looked upon the hesitancy as a prac- tical acknowledgment that the Government could see no way under the Constitution to a settlement of existing differences. But when the blow at last fell upon Fort Sumter, and all pacific overtures from the administra- tion, even to an avowal that no established institution of the South should be interfered with, were haughtily rejected, the mask of peace was thrown aside, and the call to arms sent a thrill of joy and hope to thousands of loyal hearts. In view of the darkness which enveloped the country at subsequent stages of the war, when it seemed certain that masses in the North would compel a cessation of hostilities and permit the Southern States to go out of the Union, the transcendent wisdom of Mr. Lincoln in throwing upon the South the responsibility of commencing the rebellion, even in the face of the most abundant promises, undoubtedly saved the country from hopeless disruption. ^Hannibal Hamlin was so dark complexioned and such a warm friend of the colored man, that it gave rise to the report among his political enemies that he was a mulatto. Albert D. Bichardsvn, the famous war correspondent of the New York Tribune, said this was actually believed by many in the South. HISTOKY OF BROWN COUNTY. 707 THE PALL OF FORT SUMTER. The news of the surrender of Fort Suinter, in April, 1861, caused great excitement in Brown County. Instead of subsiding, it continued to rise higher, until at last a public meeting of , the citizens was called, to be held at the court house, to take action regarding the state of the country. Several hundred persons appeared and filled the room to over- flowing. Mr. CuUey was made chairman, and briefly stated the object of the meeting. Judge Hester was called out. He said that while he found fault with many acts and omissions of the administration, it was the duty of the citizens to help quell the rebellion. W. W. Browning, T. D. Calvin, Lewis Prosser and others spoke in favor of raising men to end the rebellion. Some of the speakers did not believe that the admin- istration had the right to coerce the seceding States, and so publicly stated with considerable warmth; but the general sentiment of the meet- ing, as shown by the series of seven resolutions adopted, was for the enlistment of volunteers to sustain the administration in all constitu- tional acts to preserve the Union and enforce the laws. The meeting adjourned without taking any steps to raise volunteers, but within a few days a roll for a company was circulated, and very soon the limit of men was secured. When this was accomplished, the company was called together to elect ofiicers. James S. Hester was chosen Captain; W. W. Browning, First Lieutenant ; W. A. Adams, Second Lieutenant. This organization and election took place in the court house, not far from the 25th of April, 1861. The services of the company were immediately tendered Gov. Morton, but so prompt had been the Hoosier State to respond to the call of the President, that it was found impossible to get into the three months' service, and word was sent back by the Governor that the company was not then wanted, and that it should maintain its organization and continue drilling. This somewhat discouraged the boys and the company was almost disbanded. In July, additional calls were made for men, and the company was revived in hope of getting into the service. The officers previously elected resigned, to give the members of the company the privilege of either re-electing the old officers, or select- ing new ones; but the result was the reinstatement of all the former officers. Early in July, word was received that the company was accepted, and immediate preparations were made to move to Madison to join the Twenty-second Regiment, which was being rendezvoused there. A splendid dinner was given the company by the citizens on the day of their depart- ure for camp. Tables were spread in the court room, where the meal was eaten, and where speeches were made by Hester, Browning and others. The company was presented a beautiful banner. Wagons conveyed the boys to Columbus, thence the cars to Madison, where they became Com- pany C, of the Twenty-second Regiment, three years' service. Here, and at Indianapolis, the company and its regiment were subjected to constant drill and discipline to fit them for the field, until the 15th of August, when the entire regiment was mustered in, and on the 17th of August was transferred to St. Louis, Mo., and there assigned to the army of Gen. Fremont. Its first service was as a relief up the Missouri River to Gen. Mulligan, at Lexington. From that on during the term of service the regiment participated in the following skirmishes and engagements : The 708 HISTORY OP BEOWN COUNTY. capture of about 1,300 prisoners at Blackwater ; Pea Ridge, losing nine killed and thirty-two wonnded ; pursuit of the enemy after the evacua- tion of Corinth : pursuit of Bragg's army in Kentucky ; battle of Perry- ville, losing in killed and wounded 50 per cent of the men engaged, fifty-six being killed in battle; skirmished at Lancaster, and pursued to Crab Orchard ; skirmished at Nolensville, losing four wounded ; battle of Stone River, losing twelve killed, thirty-six wounded and thirty missing; skirmished at Liberty Gap; charge at Mission Ridge; Tunnel Hill; Rocky Face Ridge; Resaca; Rome; Dallas; Big Shanty; in front of Kenesaw Mountain; Chattahoochie River; Peach Tree Creek; battles before Atlanta; Red Oak Station ; Jonesboro ; Siege of Savannah ; Averysboro; Benton ville; and was mustered out early in June 1865, at Washington, D. C. The officers of Company C during the war were as follows: Captains— James S. Hester, W. H. Taggart, W. H. Fesler. First Lieutenants — W. W. Browning, W. A. Adams, V. P. Mason, W. H. Fesler, T. A. Pearce. Second Lieutenants — W. A. Adams, V. P. Mason, S. A. Kennedy, W. M. Gould. ADDITIONAL VOLUNTEERS. In August and September, 1861, a company was started in Monroe County and the enlistment of men was carried over to Brown County in the vicinity of Blkinsville, where one or two rousing war meetings were held, and sixteen or eighteen volunteers were secured. These men went to Bloomington, and formed a part of the company commanded by Capt. H. L. McCalla. The boys were mustered into the Thirty-first Regiment, Company G, on the 20th of September, at Terre Haute. They saw serv- ice as follows : Fort Donelson, where the regiment lost 12 killed, 52 wounded and 4 missing; Shiloh, the regiment losing 22 killed, 110 wounded and 10 missing ; siege of Corinth ; Stone River, losing 5 killed and 46 wounded ; Chickaraauga, losing 4 killed and 66 wounded ; in nearly all the skirmishes and battles of the Atlanta campaign ; battle of Nashville ; in Texas, saw service with the Army of Occupation ; reached home in 1866. So anxious were many of the boys in the county to get into the service, that they left the county without getting proper credit. They entered the various companies organized at Bloomington, Columbus, Morgantown, Indianapolis and elsewhere. This was due to the fact that the county was too small to complete many full companies wholly within its own borders, and hence the men, to get into the service at all, were forced to join other companies raised outside of the county. In this way the county was cheated out of many officers, as a few men could not have sufficient influence in such companies to receive the commissions which were so eagerly sought during the war, especially at its early stages. It is safe to say that Brown County furnished over 200 men during the year ENLISTMENT IN 1862. A few men left the county during the spring of 1862, going chiefly into old regiments that were then in the field. On the 2d of July, 1862, came the call for 300,000 men, and on the 4th of August came the call for 300,000 more. Immediate preparations were made to clear the county quota. The militia companies which had been organized in the county HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. , 709 were used as nuclei for the formation of two full companies. War meet- ing were held in all portions of the county. Among those actively en- gaged in raising the volunteers were W. W. Browning, D. B. Adams, John Calvin, J. K. Mcllhenny, J. M. Metheney, Jackson Woods, D. S. Story, Joseph Praker, T. J. Metheney, G. S. Bradley, W. W. Hays and others. Under the two calls for troops, two full companies were raised for the Eighty-second Regiment, one becoming Company D, and the other Company H. The officers of Company D were : W. W. Browning, Captain ; D. B. Adams, First Lieutenant ; John Calvin, Second Lieu- tenant. The officers of Company H were : John M. Metheney, Captain ; Jackson Woods, First Lieutenant ; David S. Story, Second Lieutenant. The companies were mustered in at Madison, on the 30th of August. The Eighty-second Regiment saw service as follows: Stone River; Hoover's Gap ; Chickamauga, losing 21 killed, 72 wounded and 29 miss- ing ; skirmished at Chattanooga and Brown's Ferry ; charge on Mission Ridge, losing 26 men killed and wounded ; Buzzard's Roost, losing 25 killed and wounded ; Resaca, losing 25 killed ^nd wounded ; Dallas ; Kingston ; Kenesaw Mountain, and many others ; Peach Tree Creek ; in front of Atlanta ; skirmish of August 7, 1864, losing 26 men killed and wounded out of 105 men engaged ; Sherman's march to the sea ; Ben- tonville ; was mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 9, 1865 ; reached Indianapolis June 15. THE DRAFT OF OCTOBER, 1862. Brown County enjoys the distinction of having been one of only fifteen counties in the State to clear themselves of this draft. The draft took place in both Morgan and Monroe, but the county of Brown, which was declared, by outside parties, to have been so disloyal, furnished more than the number of men required. By the 19th of September, 1862, she had furnished a total of 502 volunteers, out of an enrolled militia of 856, which included 163 exempts. At this time the county had 486 volunteers in the service. This was an excellent showing for the little county. It is safe to say that by the 1st of January, 1863, the county had furnished a total of 525 volunteers. THE COUNTY IN 1863. It was during this year that, like all other counties of the State, dis- loyal organizations were formed in Brown County. There was not a county in the State that did not have bitter disloyalty displayed within its limits during 1863, and Brown County was no exception to the rule. But that does not detract from what the county actually did to carry on the war. It is well to bear lightly on mistakes and errors. At a mass meeting in Nashville in January, 1863, it was resolved that " Our interests and inclinations will demand of us a withdrawal from the polit- ical association in a common government with the New England States," and " We demand an immediate armistice preparatory to a compromise of existing difficulties," and "general amnesty for political offenses." About the last of March, 1863, at a large mass meeting at Nashville, the following resolution, among others, was passed : Resolved, That we trace to political priests, who have abandoned their high calling to intrude their visionary and impracticable schemes upon civil government, where his- / 710 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. tory shows they are, of all others, the least qualified to advise or act, and the most ua- ecrupulous and intolerant in carrying out their wild projects, a very large share of the terrible responsibilities of the war, its pillage and carnage, its houses of mourning, its widows and orphans, its all-pervading social, moral and political demoralization. If Solomon was right when he said that " when the righteous are in authority the people rejoice, but when the wicked beareth rule the people mourn," they must be well-nigh God-forsaken, for no one now rejoices in this nation, but thieving army contractors and abolitionists. We, therefore, exhort our conservative brethren to discountenance these clerical incendiaries by abandoning their congregations and " stopping their feed." At another meeting in August, it was resolved that " the present fratricidal and desolating war was unnecessarily forced upon the country by wicked, fanatical politicians, North and South," and " we are opposed to furnishing men or money to prosecute a war to free negroes," and " we are in favor of immediate armistice and a national convention to restore peace and union under the Constitution." This will show about the course taken by the disloyal element of the county. It was during this year that the " Brown County War " occurred. The facts are sub- stantially as follows : A war meeting was held in the northern part of the county, and Lewis Prosser and a companion, who had been hunting squirrels in the woods, attended with their guns on their shoulders. There was present a detachment of soldiers that had been sent to the county from Indianapolis to arrest one or more deserters who were said to have secured a hiding-place in Brown County. Prosser, who was a prominent man, and against whom the charge of disloyalty had been made, was invited to speak, but refused, as he had made no preparation, and did not care to speak then anyway. He was rather outspoken against the war, and soon had a small crowd around him. A soldier present named Daniels, who, it is said, had been drinking, hearing some remark from Prosser he did not fancy, stepped up to him, and with the statement that he had no right to be carrying a gun there, twisted the weapon from his hands. Prosser instantly drew a revolver and shot the soldier dead, and turned to leave the ground, but as he did so was shot by one of the by- standers in the leg and brought to the ground. Two or three other shots were fired, but no damage was done. Prosser afterward died from the eflfects of his wound. Under the call of October, 1863, for 300,000 men. Brown County furnished half a company. The men (thirty-five) were recruited almost wholly by Lieut. Timothy D.Calvin inNashville and vicinity. They became part of Company I, of the One Hundred and Twentieth Eegiment, three years' service. The remainder of the company was raised at Bed- ford. William J. Cook, of Bedford, became Captain of the company, and T. D. Calvin, of Nashville, First Lieutenant. The regiment saw service as follows: Mustered in March, 1864; fought at Resaca; assaulted Kenesaw Mountain; fought at Atlanta; Jonesboro ; skirmished two days near Columbia, Tenn. ; battle of Franklin, losing forty-eight men, killed and wounded, included Maj. Brasher; battle of Nashville, Wise's Forks, Va., losing seven killed and forty-eight wounded ; mus- tered out in 1866. During the year the county furnished not less than seventy-five men, about half of whom went as recruits to the older regiments. THE COUNTY IN 1864. No attempt was made during the year to organize a company wholly in the county. The men recruited and drafted were sent to the older com- HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 711 panies. The following table fully exhibits what the county did during the entire year, except January, possibly : Credits by a 1 l| t ■3 s Toluntary it 1 ■si 1!' 11 is 1:- g 1 2 a » Is •3-i Enliatmentfi. 1 S ■■3 £ 1 i t s to TOWNSHIPS. i 1 d a D n O & a & 32 13 30 181 75 65 25 80 80 5 Hamblen 33 13 28 171 74 44 1 1 4B 21 25 28 28 29 10 11 12 4 24 28 9 145 165 56 63 69 23 29 -44 11 37 29 1 66 74 18 45 42 3 21 32 15 . ...^.... S 1 6 5 Totala 132 53 119 718 304 183 33 68 284 HI 173 33 13 Under the last call of the war (December 19, 1864), one full company was raised in the county. The men were recruited mainly in January and February, 1865, and became Company K, of the One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment, one year's service. The officers were Volney P. Mason, Captain ; John C. Hester, First Lieutenant ; Franklin P. Tag- gart. Second Lieutenant. The Colonel of the regiment was W. A. Adams, of Brown County. The regiment was mustered in at Indianap- olis on the 16th of February, 1865. It moved to Nashville, Tenn., thence reported to Gen. Steadman, at Chattanooga. On the 23d of Feb- ruary, it was placed on guard duty at Dalton, Ga., and was afterward moved to Marietta, where it remained until the fall of 1865, when it marched to Cuthbert, where it remained until it was mustered out in- January, 1866. The following table shows the condition of the county under the last call of the war (December 19, 1864) : , ^ Q » ID i fl •a .a CM ^ g g H TOWNSHIPS. 11 1" a 1 a §1 i Id 1 Cm n 1 1 |1 s 9 9 CD ^ [Zi o ^ o m 10 145 10 14 14 14 4 43 32 31 13 80 88 111 51 43 32 31 13 12 25 31 5 31 9 43 34 31 13 43 34 31 13 Jackson 2 Johnson 8 Totals 129 475 129 87 48 135 135 6 THE DRAFTS OF 1864 AND 1865. Two drafts occurred in the county at the close of the war; — one in Octo- ber, 1864, and the other in February, 1865. The number drafted cannot be given, but the above tables give the number of draft credits. The Board 712 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY of Enrollment of the Third District was as follows : Simeon Stansifer, Provost Marshal from March, 1868, to March. 1865; James B. Mulkey, Provost Marshal from March, 1865, to October, 1865; John R. B. Glasscock, Commissioner; Albert G. Collier, Surgeon. Assistant Mar- shals were appointed in Brown County. The drafts were not seriously interfered with. RELIEF, BOUNTY, ETC. In August, 1861, in response to a petition from the citizens, the County Board ''Ordered, That there be allowed the sum of $100 for the support of the families of those who have enlisted in the army of the United States in the present war." Michael Tomy, M. H. Parmelee, T. D. Calvin, E. T. Moore and T. L. Lucas were appointed a committee to ex- pend the amount. In September, an additional $100 was appropriated for the same purpose. In September, 1862, |500 was appropriated for soldiers' families. The following were the township committees to expend the fund : Hamblen Township — Jonathan Watson, Conrad Kirby, W. P. Taggart. Jackson — J. Fleener, John Snyder, A. S. Anderson. Wash- ington — Daniel Crouch, S. G. Pettigrew, G. L. Boruff. Johnson — G. W. Ard, W. H. Arwine, Asa Reaves. Van Buren — J. A. McKinney, G. P. Story, E. T. Moore. In December, 1863, a petition signed by 177 citizens was presented the County Board, asking that a bounty of $100 might be offered from the county treasury for each volunteer who should enlist before the 5th of January, 1864. The County Board re- fused as follows : " That they had no right by law to grant any such bounty as asked for by the petitioners, and although as private citizens they might entertain different opinions in regard to granting a bounty as asked for, still as Commissioners of said county they could not grant the bounty, from the fact, among others, that the petition embraced only a small minority of the tax payers of said county." In January, 1865, the County Board, with this order on the records staring them in the face, ordered sold county bonds to the amount of $27,000, to be used in securing volunteers at $300 each, to clear the county of the last quota. Sylvanus Manville was appointed to apply the fund, after selling the bonds. By the 8th of March, 1865, he had expended $19,500. It was found that $27,000 was not enough to cover the county quota, which by previous credits had been reduced to 101 men ; so the Auditor was or- dered to issue in all $30,300 of county bonds. The Agent's final report in June, 1865, showed that $26,100 had been paid out. The remainder was claimed afterward and paid by the County Board. The following table for the entire war explains itself: Bounty. Belief. Brown County |29,700 $1,696 Wa8hington Township 200 350 Hamblen Township 2,200 300 Jackson Township 3,475 275 Van Buren Township 2,100 275 Johnson Township 180 Totals $37,675 $2,976 NUMBER OF MEN FURNISHED. Of course it is impossible to give the exact number of men furnished by the county to crush the rebellion. In September, 1862, the county was HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 713 officially credited with having furnished 502 men. In 1863, the county sent out about seventy-five more. The quotas under the calls of Febru- ary 1, March 14 and July 18, 1864, were respectively 132, 58 and 119. The number furnished under these calls by January 1, 1865, was 284 ; and the number furnished from that date to the end of the war was 135. The sum total of these numbers will give to within a close figure the men furnished by the county during the war ; 502 and 75 and 284 and 135 equal 996 — or say 1,000 men, a full regiment. Kind and afiectionate reader, how is that for a county which in 1860 polled for Governor 1040 votes, and in 1864 polled for Goveri;ior 1190 votes ? Where is the county in the State that did proportionately better ? Just ponder on that show- ing when you are led to accuse Brown County of disloyalty. "Facts speak louder than words." In the above estimate each man has been counted as often as he enlisted. CALLS FOR TROOPS DURING THE WAR. 1. April 15, 1861, 75,000 men for three months. 2. May 8, 1861, 42,034 men for three years (regular army). (During the summer or early autumn of 1861, six regiments of State troops were put into the field by the energy of Gov. Morton, but when their term of service had expired they were mustered into the service of the United States. These regiments were from the Twelfth to the Seventeenth inclusive. It was also during the same time, that the three months' regi- ments, from the Sixth to the Eleventh inclusive, re-organized and entered the three years' service. Regiments from the Eighteenth to the Sixty- third were also sent out prior to the call of July, 1862). 3. July 2, 1862, 800,000 men for nine months. 4. August 4, 1862, 300,000 men for nine months. 5. June 15, 1863, 100,000 men for six months. 6. October 17, 1863, 300,000 men for three years. 7. February 1, 1864, 200,000 men for three years. 8. March 14, 1864, 200,000 men for three years. 9. April 23, 1864, 85,000 men (about for 100 days). 10. Jiily 18, 1864, 500,000 men for one, two and three years. 11. December 19, 1864, 300,000 men for three years. BROWN county's ROLL OF HONOR.* Twenty- second Regiment, three years' service. — Thomas J. Adams, died of wounds received at Pea Ridge ; John B. Alexander, died December, 1861, at Syracuse, Mo.; Henry D. Bruner, veteran, killed at Atlanta, August, 1864 ; John Campbell, died at Georgetown, Mo., October, 1861 ; William G. Chitwood, died at St. Louis, Mo., September, 1861 ; John A. CofiTman, killed near Glasgow, Mo., September, 1861 ; Henry M. Daggy, died May, 1864, of wounds received at Rome, Ga.; William B. Dalsbury, died at Jefferson City, Mo., October, 1861 ; Treat S. Dubois, killed at Kenesaw, June, 1864 ; William Gee, died at Boonville, Mo., October, 1861 ; William Hobbs, died January, 1864, of wounds received at Mis- sion Ridge ; John Jackson, died in Andersonville Prison June, 1864 ; *Thi8 " Roll of Honor " is made out from the Adjutant Generars reports, and though incomplete, owing to the fact that many of the boys could not be traced, is the best that can be given. 714 HISTORY OP BROWN COUNTY. Robert C. Kelso, died at Syracuse, Mo., January, 1862 ; John P. Maguire, died at Jefferson City, Mo., October, 1861 ; George Parmelee, died at Jefferson City, October, 1861 ; Thomas Raridon, died at Otter- ville, January, 1862 ; Jefferson Reynolds, killed at Pea Ridge, March, 1862 ; James Snyder, died at Otterville, December, 1861 ; George W. Spaulding, died at Georgetown, Mo., October, 1861 ; Pleasant D. Weddel, killed at Perryville, October, 1862 ; David A. Whitehorn, veteran, killed at Kenesaw, June, 1864 ; Robert Worley, veteran, died April 1866 ; Frank Kennedy, died December, 1864 ; Elijah Lyons, killed at Rome, Ga., May, 1864. Eighty-second Regiment, three years' service. — Capt. Jackson Woods, died of disease at Macon, Ga., May 27, 1864 ; Capt. Joseph Fraker, died of disease September 30, 1864 ; Sergt. Joseph Mead, died at home February, 1863; William Fleener, died at Nashville, Tenn., December, 1862 ; Barton Holly, died at Gallatin, Tenn., January, 1863 ; James McCoy, died of wounds at Chattanooga, November, 1863 ; Edwin Parks, died at Gallatin, November, 1862 ; John Pender, died at Bowling Green, Ky., November, 1862; Frederick Richardson, died at Danville, Ky., October, 1862; James Richardson, died at Chattanooga, November, 1863 ; James M. Sipes, died at Beaufort, S. C, April, 1865 ; John Truex, died at Murfreesboro, April, 1863 ; Jacob C. Walker, died at home, February, 1863; James P. Weaver, died at Louisville, December, 1863; Tilghman H. Watson, died of wounds near Broad River, S. C, February, 1865 ; James M. Wilson, died of wounds near Atlanta, July, 1864 ; Henry Henderson, died at Savannah, Ga., February, 1865 ; Oddy Sattethwait, died in Andersonville Prison, June, 1864 ; George W. Dubois, died at Gallatin, November, 1862 ; George W. Coflfin, killed at Chickamauga, September, 1863; John Weddle, died at Louisville, Octo- ber, 1862; Joseph A. Mcllvain, killed at Atlanta, August, 1864 ; Wil- son Price, died at Murfreesboro, March, 1863 ; Henry Hinsley, died at Atlanta, November, 1864; Martin Ault, killed at Chickamauga, Septem- ber, 1863 ; Alexander Bailes, died at Louisville, December, 1862 ; Jack- son W. Bradley, died at Louisville, January, 1863 ; Francis M. Bradley, died at Bowling Green, Ky., November, 1863 ; William R. Breedlove, died at Murfreesboro, March, 1863 ; Robert Honeycut, died at Bowling Green, December, 1862 ; Hugh James, died at Bowling Green, December, 1862 ; Benjamin Kelley, died of disease ; Henry Lucas (Berry), died at Murfreesboro, April, 1863 ; Washington Mosier, shot by his comrade at Irwin, Tenn., May, 1863 ; Elza W. Weaver, died at Nashville, December, 1863 ; John W. Wilson died of disease ; Jackson Woods, died of disease ; William Woods, died at Atlanta, August, 1864 ; Michael Waddle, died at Murfreesboro, February, 1863. One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment, three years' service. — Flem- ing R. Followill, died at home, January, 1865 ; Isaac Harding, died at Louisville, April, 1864; William N. Hoover, died at Decatur, September, 1864 ; Jacob Honeycut, died of wounds at Raleigh, N. C, October, 1865 ; Jacob Robertson, died at Rasaca, October, 1864 ; Edward N. Smith, died at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1864. One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment, one year's sertijce.— Daniel D. Bradley, died at Dalton, Ga., March, 1865; Henry W. Brown died at HISTOKY OF BEOWN COUNTY. 715 Dalton, Ga., March, 1865; John Gosser, died at Chattanooga, February, 1865 ; Conrad King, died at Dalton, March, 1865 ; Thomas (John) Mob- ley, died at Dalton, April, 1865 ; Samuel Peake, died at Jeffersonville, Ind., July, 1865; John H. Porter, died at Dalton, April, 1865; John W. Rich, died at home, February, 1865 ; Francis M. Smith, died at Nash- ville, Tenn., March, 1865 ; Philip S. Smith, died at Nashville, Tenn., March, 1865; Aaron H. Wheeler, died at Nashville, Tenn., July, 1865; Richard Elkins (Thirty-first Regiment), killed at Fort Donelson, February, 1862; Syl^anus Greenlee, died at Oak Ridge, Miss., October, 1863. The following is the list of pensioners, as it stood on the first of Jan- uary, 1883 : Boundebaugh, Henry, thigh $ 2 00 Reeves. James A., minor 10 00 Waltman, William H., minor 10 00 Garlock. David, eyes , 6 00 Brand, Peter, hip and back 10 00 Greathouije, Peter, spine : 8 00 Zimmerman, Martha J., widow 8 00 Taylor, Orpha A., widow 25 00 Beck, Margaret S., widow 8 00 Hedriok, Shelby, leg 6 00 Arwine, James N., rheumatism 6 00 Wendland, John, arm 12 00 Young, Andrew, knfe 12 00 Franklin, Calvin, diarrhoea 6 00 West, Michael, typhoid fever 18 00 Davis, John, lungs 6 00 Davis, Mary E., widow 16 00 Wright. John C, lungs 8 00 Mc Carty, William H.. var. veins 8 00 Qninn, Margaret, mother 8 00 King, Conrad, minor 10 00 Myers, James, hand 18 00 , Smith, John B., diarrhoea 4 00 Skinner, Joseph M., rheumatism 8 00 Sherrell, Levi, hand 18 00 . Taggart, Capt. T., arm 4 00 Hampton, Willis, abdomen 7 00 Grifan, William, thorax 8 00 Kent, Thomas, arm 6 00 Shipley, Jesse, dropsy 18 00 Scroziim, James, knee 10 00 Wood, Leander, rheumatism 12 00 Peroifield, William J., eye and face 8 00 Palmer, Robert, thigh 6 00 Parks, George W., arm 4 00 Bond, James, face 2 00 Condon, Alexander, rheumatism 24 00 MuUis, Thomas, eye 10 00 McGrail, Michael, face 24 00 Hampton, James, abdomen 8 00 Kelley, Benjamin R., rheumatism T 50 Me^oy, James A., kidney and heart 8 00 Hatchell, Bardell, lungs 2 00 Day, William, shoulder, 2 00 Calvin, Timothy U., diarrhoea 4 00 Baker, John, side 6 00 Breedlove, Thomas, abdomen 4 00 Reddick, Nancy, widow 1812 8 00 Moser, Delila, widow 8 00 Bradley, Linia, widow 8 00 Price, Mary E., widow 8 00 45 716 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. PearsoU, Rachel, widow 8 OO Shipley, Sylyania A., widow 24 00 Floyd, Louisa, mother 8 00 Tullos, Susan, mother 8 00 Hunt, Jailey, mother 8 00 Jackson, Minerva, mother 8 UO PoUey, James W., minor of 10 00 Winkler, John D., rheumatism 4 00 Gant, Henry B., loss fingers 18 00 Fleener, Joseph N., rheumatism 8 00 Fleener, William, minor of 10 00 Leal, William, scurvy 6 00 Ping, Silas, disease of abdomen 4 OO Hancher, Alezaader, hip and thigh 8 00 Moore, Emanuel H., deaf one ear 1 00 Truex, Catharine, widow 8 00 Greenlee, Matilda, widow 8 00 Noblett, Lucinde, widow 8 00 Sprague, Catharine, widow 8 00 Powell, Richard, disease of kidney 8 00 Nickerson, Henry W., heart disease 18 00 Enes, Frederick, rheumatism 4 0(^ Hurley, Cornelius, ankle 4 00 McClare, Anna, widow 1812 8 00 Powell, Elizabeth, mother 8 00 Young, Joseph M., disease of heart 8 00 Wheeler, Elihu, finger 3 00 Wise, Rachel, widow 1812 8 00 McDonald, James D., abdomen 4 00 Zimmerman, Jacob, face and neck 2 00 Parmerlee, Marcus B., loss of three toes 10 00 Wheaton, Fielding, injury to sternum 2 00 Shoup, Abraham, paralysis of arm 18 00 Wilsone, Catharine A., widow 8 OO Batton, Almeda, widow 8 00 Browning, Nathan, diarrhoea 4 00 WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 717 WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. MINERALS, OIL, SALT, ETC. THE township of Washington was created in August, 1836, and at' first comprised a strip four miles wide and sixteen miles long entirely across the county from east to west. Afterward two tiers of sec- tions from the northern part of Johnson were added, thus giving the township a total of eighty sections, eight more than two full Congressional townships. The area of this township is almost or wholly drained by the North Fork of Salt Creek. Its branches on the north are Jackson's Lick, Owl, Greasy, Clay Lick, and on the south Schooner, Hampton and on the east Henderson's. The township except the eastern part is a valley bounded south, north and east by high hills. Salt Creek enters the township from the northeast coming from Hamblen Township. The geology of the county teaches that North Salt Cr-eek is not as old as Bean Blossom. At the time of the glacial epoch, the ice masses could get no farther south, except in comparatively small quantities, at the ridge bordering Bean Blossom on the south. On the northern side of that ridge the ice melted and the water was forced westward, soon eroding the valley of Bean Blossom. It must be understood that at the beginning of the glacial epoch the surface of the county was almost level and was at the elevation of the highest lands. The streams, or rather their valleys, have all been cut down through the subsequent years to their present de- pression. The hills have not been raised ; the valleys have been out out by the action of the water. As the ice melted on the northern slope of Bean Blossom ridge (when the valley of that stream was almost as high as the ridge, and when Salt Creek Valley had not been commenced), large quantities of water, with some ice and some drift of soil from Canada were forced over the ridge, thus forming sluggish rivulets which slowly forced their way southward covering all the county and gradually wearing small depressions which have since been formed into North Salt Creek and its northern branches. The ice which passed over Bean Blossom ridge was stopped by the higher elevation of the central ridge (the one just south of North Salt Creek) and forced southwestward in the general direction of Salt Creek where an outlet could be had. The only portion of the coun- ty that seems not to have been under water during the glacial epoch is Weed Patch Knob and perhaps a few others of the highest elevations on the ridges. Around their sides the ice water has deposited slight terraces containing minute pebbles and some imported material as if to record the highest flood upon this meter of the great glacial river, while white and bare these storm-scarred summits looked out over the wintry wild and saw that rigid river of ice menace their base or turn to right or left into the two White River Valleys and float by in a stream of molten silver. A table of altitudes is here given : 718 HISTORY OP BROWN COUNTY. Naahville above the ocean 652 feet. Nashville »bove mouih of Wabash 355 feet. Nashville above Columbus 35 feet. Nashville above Wabash at Terre Haute 167 feet. Nashville below Georgetown 42 feet. Nashville below Spearsville 285 feet. Nashville below Bloomington 132 feet. Nashville below Indianapolis 46 feet. Nashville below Weed Patch Kuob 495 feet. At the Hester Quarry, half a mile west of Nashville, the following is the formation : Soil on first terrace, containing a few small quartz, pebbles and minute grains of black sand from the glacial drift 10 feet. Soft friable reddish sandstone 43 feet. Shaly snndstone with ferruginous bands 25 feet. Sandy shale with ferruginous plates and concretions 65 feet. Sandstone (Quarry) 12 feet. Total 155 feet. In the western part of the township, notably on Section 31, Township 9 north. Range 2 east, and Section 12, Township 8 north. Range 2 east, are salt springs which were famous "licks " in early times, when deer in large numbers wandered browsing through the glades and forests and came there to get their salt. These springs, known of course to the Indians before the whites came, gave name to the creek along which they are found. On Section 31, above mentioned, Mr. Jackson, as early as 1823, bored a well about 300 feet deep, securing a good flow of brine, which was boiled down in eight or ten large iron kettles and sold to the early settlers, many of whom came forty or fifty miles for it. He manufactured thus about 2,500 bushels of superior salt per annum after the well had been fully secured, and gave employment to some six or eight hands, who watched the fires and water. At first the salt sold as high as $8 per bushel, but within a few years it went down, and after about 1836 did not pay, and the manufacture was abandoned. On Section 12, above mentioned, a company from Bloomington, at the head of whom were the Howes, sunk a well in the twenties and also manufactured a considerable quantity of excellent salt. This was called Howe's Salt Lick and the other Jackson's Salt Lick. Several other wells were sunk for salt, one being about three miles northeast of Nashville. During the great oil fever many years ago, an oil well was sunk at the old Howe's Lick by a company, of which Dr. Arwine of Nashville was a member. The well was on the Story farm, and the strata passed through were as follows : Surface clay 10 feet. Sandstone with partings 110 feet. Shale, white and blue 220 feet. Shale, reddish 4g fggj Slate, black, with a carbonaceous parting of six inches 110 feet. Huron shale containing sulphur 1 foot. White sandstone or limestone 45 feet ^17 ■• .■.■.....■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■."." 15 feet! White sandstone or limestone 4 feet '•'<"*' 560 feet. In the black slate, all the way through it, a small quantity of crude petroleum was found, which formed bubbles on the " pumpings " of WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 719 water, and when a lighted match was applied to the bubbles the gas therein took fire and burned as quick as powder. This gas was carbureted hydrogen very similar to ordinary coal gas manufactured for lighting cities. The oil brought up had a plainly perceptible odor, which was unpleasant. It was found only in small quantity. Brine was struck near the base of the slate in sufficient quantity and strength, it was estimated, to make one barrel of salt per day. The well northeast of Nashville was sunk to about the same depth, about the same formation being found ; the slate was not so thick. Gas, oil and salt were also found. It is estimated that $1,000 worth of gold has been found on Salt Creek (North Fork), principally near its head. Traces are found in places along its course. CIVIL DIVISION AND ORGANIZATION. Before the creation of Brown County in 1836, the western portion of Washington Township formed a part of Monroe County and the eastern of Bartholomew County. The dividing line, or the " old county line," as it is yet called, was a short distance east of Nashville. As soon as the township was created in August, 1836, John S. Williams was appointed Assessor, and upon the completion of his work was paid $3 in full in county orders. He was also paid 50 cents for making return of the September election in the township. Levin Tull was the first Con- stable. James Mclntire assessed the township in 1837. In 1838, J. S. Williams was Inspector of Elections ; Robert Henderson and William Jackson, Overseers o the Poor; John Hoover and Levin Tull, Fence Viewers ; Stephen Parks and Littleton Matthews, Constables. Joseph Stilson was Assessor in 1840, and James Taggart, Jr., in 1841. The old Sparks Ferry road extended north and south across the county, passing through the little village of Hedgesville, about three miles and a half east of Nashville. This road was divided into five districts : 1st. From the Jackson County line to Section 14, Van Buren Township ; 2d. Thence to Hedgesville; 3d. Thence to Owen Simpson's about Sec- tion 1, southern Hamblen ; 4th. Thence to Section 14, Hamblen ; 5th. Thence to the county line of Johnson. Alfred Weddel, in July, 1836, was appointed Superintendent of District No. 3, with the following hands : Hiram C. Weddel, John Harris, William Matthews, Matthew Matthews, Martin Matthews, Isaac Matthews, Henry Sipes, Jeremiah King, George King, Jonathan Fox, Joseph Fox. Alfred Young was appointed Superintendent of District No. 2, and was given the following hands : John Hampton, Edward Ayres, Henry Ayres, Samuel Ayres, Enoch Hampton, Ephraim Hatton, James Williamson, Asa Hatton, Alfred Young, William Rippey, John Rippey, William Kenworthy and Thomas Polly. At this time also (July, 1836) the Columbus & Bloom- ington road east of the old county line was divided into two districts : 1st. From the line to Hedgesville ; 2d. From Hedgesville to the Bar- tholomew County lines. Andrew Marshall was appointed Superintendent of District No. 1, his hands being John Floyd, John Ping, Edward David, John Whittingtpn, James Matthews, M. Hedges, Lemuel M. Hedges, David Randolph, Thomas Hampson and Gamaliel Millsap. Robert Henderson was appoi.nted Superintendent of District No. 2, with 720 HISTORY OF RROWN COUNTY. the following hands: Henry Whittington, Jamea MuUis, Henry New- kirk, Merrick Graham, Job Ping, Walker Ping, Lewis F. Baper, Am- brose Cobb, William Crouch and David Crouch. These names include many of the earliest residents of Washington Township. THK BAKLY SETTLERS. It is probable that old man Schoonover, who located on Schooner* Creek in Washington Township, as early, certainly, as 1820, was the first permanent white settler within the county limits. He was a trer- man and was semi-barbarous, preferring to live in the wilderness than in the settled localities. Some state that his location in the township, on Schooner Creek, was as early as 1817 or 1818, and there is postitive and undoubted evidence that he was living on the creek in 1820. Others also state that, for a time, at the period of his earliest settlement, he owned a small stock of trinkets, ammunition, etc., which he kept to trade with the Indians for their furs. This is purely traditionary, and could not have continued longer than three or four years at the farthest, as the great bulk of the natives was removed early in the twenties. What finally became of the family cannot be stated. It is likely that the second set- tlement was at the old Jackson salt works, about the year 1821. The presence of salt there became known to hunters and others in Monroe County several years before, and finally families moved there to open the industry of manufacturing salt. A well was sunk, and a fair article of brine was secured and boiled down in iron kettles until a hard cake of salt was the residue, which was pulverized and rendered fit for market. In after years large quantities were prepared. Several familes located there and in a few years a little settlement sprang up around them. Edward David located in the eastern part of the township as early as 1822, though it is stated that he was not the first there. A man named Henderson, and perhaps others, settled on a creek of that name about the same time, and perhaps earlier. The early entries of land will show the early settlement in a fairly correct light. ' LAND ENTRIES. The early entries on Township 8 north, Range 1 east, were as fpl- lows : Section 1 — Finney Coatney, 1844 ; Joshua O. Howe, 1826 ; John W. Lee, October 21, 1824 ; the east half of the southwest quarter;- Henry Wampler, 4ugist 17, 1824, the west half of the southwest quar- ter. Section 12— Dawson Debord, 1836 ; J. 0. Howe, 1826 ; Moses Williams, November 26, 1821, the west half of the northwest quarter, and in June, 1824, the east half of the northwest quarter. Township 8 north. Range 1 east. Section 1 — Samuel Dunn, 1831 ; Fred Fleener, 1844; Michael Fleener, 1836 ; Elizabeth Fleener, 1837. Section 12— Nathan Pruett, 1839, Township 8 north. Range 2 east. Section 3 — George Henry, 1839; William Followell, 1836. Section 4— George Cox, 1839. Section 6— John B. Williams, 1844 ; Elam Carter, 1839 ; Jacob Stephens, 1836 ; James B. Chandler, 1839. Section 7— Robert Robertson, 1843 ; William Johnson, 1831 ; Peter Sink, 1839. Town- *The creek was named in honor of the old man. It will be observed that the name has been con- tracted. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 721 ship 9 north, Range 2 east. Section 14 — David D. Weddel, 1837. Sec- tion 18— Gilbert Percifield, 1839 ; Henry Jacl^son, 1839. Section 19— Gilbert Percifield, 1836. Section 23 — Polly Kannatser, 1836 ; James Taggart, 1836 ; James Taggart, Jr., 1837. Section 24 — Bezaleel Me Aully, 1833 ; William Jackson, 1836 ; Henry Jackson, 1839 ; James Taggart, Jr., 1837; Jesse L. Hubbard, 1839. Section 26— Stephen Parks, 1836; George FoUowell. 1836 : William Wise. 1836 ; John Followell, 1844. Section 27— Thomas J. Breedlove, 1836; William Followell, 1839; William King, 1836 ; Rachel Coulson, 1837 ; John Hoover, 1836-37-40-47. Sec- tion 28 — Rachel Coulson, 1837 ; John Hoover, 1839. Section 29 — Finney Coatney, 1838. Section 31 — was reserved by the Government for the Saline I'und. Township 9 north. Range 3 east, Section 14 — Jonathan Fox, 1831; John Brown, 1836; Jacob Davis, 1835; Cornelius W. Tucker, 1835. Section 18 — Pierson Brummet, 1837 ; Ira Davar, 1844 ; Alexander Baker, 1828 ; Sylvanus Manville, 1844. Section 19 — (see in advance a few pages). Section 20 — Matthew Matthews, 1836 ; Reuben Matthews, 1836; John Huff, 1836; James Mclntire, 1836; J. B. Chandler, 1844; John S. Williams, 1836; Isaac Matthews, 1836; Levin Tull, 1836 ; Henry Sipes, 1836. Section 21 — Thomas Coulson, 1837. Section 22 — Jesse Brown, 1840; Thomas Coulson, 1837; James D.- Robertson, 1840. Section 24— John Flinn, 1830. Section 25— Jerry King, 1832 ; James Taggart, March 22, 1828 ; Robert Henderson, 1835; Henry Newkirk, 1836; James Sullivan, 1832. Section 26— Henry Whittington, 1834; Hiram C. Weddel, 1839. Section 27— John King, 1833; William Snyder, 1832; John Alcorn, 1832; Fran- cis Whittington, 1837 ; John Fox, 1839. Section 28 — John Alcorii, 1832 ; Edward David, Jr., 1833 ; Aquilla Rogers, 1836 ; Edward David, March 6, 1828 ; Benjamin Rogers, 1836 ; John Matthews, 1844 ; James D. Robertson, 1840 ; . John Fox, 1839. Township 9 north. Range 4 east. Section 4 — John King, 1836 ; William Taylor; Sr., 1836. Section 5— William King, 1832 ; John King, 1839 ; Section 6 —P. J. Weddel, 1839. Section 9— Alfred King, 1843. Section 19— James Rude, 1839 ; Henry Whittington, 1839 ; Joseph White, 1833 ; John Harris, 1836. Section 30 — Matthew Matthews, 1837. Section 33 — Abe Marlett, 1839; Isaac Nickerson, 1839. This list includes all who entered land in Washington Township, or nearly all, before 1850. The list includes many of the very first settlers, though unfortunately, owing to the destruction in 1873 of the county records, the names of all the early residents cannot be given. As a means of preserving as many of the names of the early residents as possible, the following list is given : POLL-TAX PAYERS OF 1848.* Thomas M. Adams,* W. W. Baker,* Jesse Brown,* George Brum- met, T. S. Breedlove, Joab Brummet, James Bradley, Milton Bradley, Samuel Boruff, Robert Brummet, Solomon Brummet, Joseph Brummet, John A. Breedlove, Thomas J. Breedlove, David D. Bradley, Banner Brummet, Jr., William Bracken, Shadrack Chandler,* George Coulson, Robert Carter, Thomas Coulson, Elam Carter, James Chandler, James Carter, Richard Corum, Daniel Carmiohael, Washington Crouch, Levi * Those marked with a star (*) were residents of NashviUe. 722 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. B. Dubois, Edward David, John L. Due,* Asa B. Dowell, George W. David, W. W. Duncan, D. 0. Elliott,* Drury Edwards, Mathew Floyd,* John Fox, Robert Floor, Samuel R. Followell, Joseph Fox, L. B. Fol- lowell, Alexander Followell, James J. Floyd, Isaac Fox, James H. Follo- well, Hanson Graham, John C. Gould, Thomas M. Guffey, William Griffin, Benjamin Huntington,* John Hoover, John Huff, James Hunt- ington,* Charles B. Huff, Henry Hampton, William Hoover, D. L. Hunt- ington, William Huntington, David Jackson, Henry Jackson, James Jackson, Joshua Jackson, John Jeffries, Isom Jones, W. Joslin, Levin Knight, Henry King, W. H. Knightf John Kelley,* James Kentz, Kizer Loudermilk, P. A. Meadows, William M. Mason,* Alfred McGuire, Jacob B. Myers, Daniel McKinney, L. R. Moore, John P. Myers, Robert Marshal, John Miles, Breckenridge Mason, John Mathis, Royal P. Man- ville, Sylvanus Manville, William McCoy, James Marshal, Matthew Mathis, Joseph Parks, Thomas Percifield, Stephen Parks, Gilbert Percified, Daniel Pogue, Henry H. Porter, P. C. Parker, Jesse R. Payne,* M. G. Percifield, George Percifield, W. J. Percifield, Phillip Pike, Bluford Reddick, Robert Robertson, Joseph H. Rice, Arson Richardson, Hiram Reynolds, William S. Roberts, William K. Rogers, Lewis Rogers, E. E. Rose, Dennis Rey- nolds, Thomas Rutherford, J. S. Resley, John Lee, Charles Sipes, Daniel Scrogham, Henry Sipes, Jr., James Shelton, Alexander Sturgeon, James Sturgeon, Lewis Sisco, George Stephens, G. W. Snider, John Tumblenson, Lewis I. Tull, John Tull, Samuel Turk, James W. Taggart, Mason Watts, Matthew Wise, William Weatherman, John B. Williams, James Wise, Alfred Williams, Jackson Woods,* L Westfall, Peter Whisnand, Jacob Yoder. The heaviest tax payers were Thomas M. Adams, $9.29 ; Ban- ner Brummet, Sr., $7.46 ; John Carter, $15.61 ; Thomas Coulson $10. ; L. B. Dubois, $8.49; Edward David, Sr., $8.12; David Deitz, $5.50; John Floyd, $7.15 ; Matthew Floyd, $5.63 ; Robert Henderson, $6.99; John Hoover, $8.61 ; James Huntington, $5.71 ; Joshua 0. Howe, $22.06; Henry Jackson, $6.21 ; Levin Knight, $6.21 ; D. M. C. Lane, $5.78 ; P. A. Meadows, $5.16; Lewis Rogers, $5.05 ; Henry Sipes, Sr., $5.50; James Taggart's heirs, $8.03; James Taggart, $5.72; Number of polls, 184; Number of acres, 6,226.34; value of land, $17,313 ; value of improvements, $15,540 ; value of lots $6,650 ; personal property, $20,040 ; total taxables, $59,543 ; total tax, $561.98; delinquent tax and interest $187.92 ; grand total tax, $749.80. INCIDENTS. William S. Roberts was one of the first Justices of the Peace of this township. His old docket exhibits manv amusing items. Fighting to see which was the better man was as fashionable as drinking to see which could carry the more liquor. Many of the best citizens were in- T° , oon° o^ ' ^^^ ^^""^ required to swell the seminary fund by fines. In 1839 Stephen Gibson was fined $1.50 for an assault and battery on Samuel Parsley. He was also fined $10 for profane swearing, which fine seems not to have been paid, probably because it was excessive. James Stephens was fined $2.50 for thrashing L. Marshall. Matthew Ma- thews and Calvin Huff were fined $1.50 each for an affray. A. J. Diet^i and H. C. Weddel were fined each $1 for an affray. Banner C Briim- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 728 mot and Littleton Matthews were each fined f 1 for contempt of court. And so the record goes on. In 1840, the township officers were as fol- lows : James Taggart and Willam Followell, Overseers of the Poor ; Roily Rains and Henry Jackson, Fence- Viewers ; William S. Roberts, Inspector ; John Hoover, P. C. Parker, Littleton Matthews, Henry New- kirk, Road Supervisors. The township was yery wild even in 1836. Deer, bear, wolves and panthers were quite numerous. Green Graham tells that on one occa- sion, at night, he had occasion to pass from Jackson's salt works to the eastern part of the township via Weed Patch Knob. He was on horse- back, and was unaccompanied except by a small colt and a cur dog. Just before reaching the summit of the hill, he heard what he took to be some one calling him on some distance in advance, and he returned the call, which was soon repeated. He again answered, and this was repeated sev- eral times, and the person calling seemed each time to be getting nearer. At last, just before reaching the top of the knob, he observed that his dog was so frightened that it ran under the side of the mare he was riding, and remained cowering there. The mare also began to prick up her ears and , sniff the air in fright, and shy off to one side of the path. A minute later the leaves rustled out to his right, and looking that way, the already fright- ened settler saw two large cat-like forms skulking along through the weeds. He knew then that the animals were panthers, and without further par- ley he put whip to his mare, and regardless of the consequences, went down the steep hill at a break-neck pace. He was soon away from the spot and saw no more of the panthers whose cries had so misled him. He stateii that he was so scared that his hair rose straight up on his head. HEDGESVILLE. This defunct village, on Section 27, had a short and insignificant ex- istence. It is thought that Merrick Graham first lived there. Some of the Hedges located there probably as early as 1834, thinking that a new county was to be formed, and built a few houses, designing to start a town near the probable centre of the new county, and expecting to lay claim to the county seat when the county should be created. One of them started a small grocery and liquor establishment, which was conducted for a year or more. Joseph King lived in the village. It is stated that a tavern was also kept by the Hedges, and was well patronized by the trav- elers along the Columbus & Bloomington road. It is said that John Whittington had a store there for a short time. Not more than five or six fiimilies ever lived at one time in the village. Jacksonsburg was no sooner founded than the little village was deserted. The residents there and in that vicinity had put in a claim for the county seat, but failed to secure the prize. 'jacksonsburg, or NASHVILLE. This town was founded in 1836, and was laid out in August of that year by Banner C. Brummet, County Agent. It was named Jacksons- burg from the township in which it was then located; James Dawson pre- pared the plan of the town, and was the surveyor under whose direction the lots and streets were measured. The first sale of lots took place on the 12th of September, 1836, and was continued privately during the 724 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. autumn months. The names of the purchasers cannot be g'^®°* _, I^."* to January 3, 1837, fifty lots were sold for $694.87^, of which $91.90^ was cash, and the remainder, $602.97, in notes, one-fourth due in eight months, one-fourth in eighteen months, and one-fourth in twenty-four months. The results were not flattering for the future prosperity of the county seat. By the 2d of May 1837, the County Agent received $42.50^ more for town lots, $5.68| being cash. Sales continuedto be made from time to time. In September, 1837, it was ordered that one-third of the purchase price of town lots could be. paid in county orders. In March, 1838, the County Agent's report was as follows, from the commencement of the sales in 1836 to that date: Total proceeds of all sales, $759.37 ; total cash receipts, $260.31 ; total paid out, $246.28 ; leaving on hand ipl4.03. In August, 1838, all lots south of Washington street were ordered sold by auction. The sales by January, 1840 (from the com- mencement), amounted to $864. 87J, of which $569.38 was cash, and f 543.08 had been expended. And so the sales went on very slowly, and with meager available results. The first house built at Jacksonsburg, or that immediate vicinity, was a log structure erected about 1835 by Banner C. Brummet, and was loca- ted about one hundred and fifty yards northeast of the present poor-house. About the same time, or soon afterward, Isaac Matthews built a log cabin in the northwest part of town. Henry Jackson's log cabin, near the cemetery, was erected about the same time. W. S. Roberts built in town in May, 1836, before the lots were laid out, and placed in one apart- ment of his double log cabin a stock of goods worth $1,500, which he brought with him from Bloomington, where he and Mr. Barnes had been in business together. Mr. Barnes owned an interest in the store, but continued to reside in Bloomington. Elijah Preston came in about this time, as did also Avery McGee, the Deputy County Clerk and Recorder. Lorenzo D. Head came in not far from this time. He was a gunsmith, and had a small shop in his cabin, and was also a blacksmith, building a shop soon afterward. He was a single man, and boarded with Henry Jackson, up by the graveyard. His widowed sister, with three children, kept house for him later. Lewis E. Wayland moved his family in soon afterward, as did also David Deitz. The latter built a double-log cabin, in one room of which his family was domiciled, and the other of which he opened a store of probably $2,000 worth of a general assortment of goods. The crash of 1837 was felt in Jacksonsburg, and Mr. Roberts was forced to close his doors. He was entirely broken up, and saw the Con- stable drive away his last cow. In 1839, he managed to start in business again, however, with a fair stock, which was rapidly increased. Banner C. Brummet opened a grocery (liquor), in 1837. William Davidson also began selling liquor about the same time. William M. Mason, Thomas M. Adams and Henry Whittington came to live in the town early. P. C. Parker was the first tavern keeper. He owned a double-log cabin and sold liquor and groceries. William Pollowell began selling liquor early. Davidson's liquor was kept for sale in Ike Matthews' house. Pierson Brummet also sold liquor early. This was the town of 1837-38, or nearly 80. The Section 19 upon which the town was located was entered as follows : WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 725 FUBCHASER. Date of Entt7. Location. Thomas Coulson Littleton Mathis Nicholas Fleener Isaac Boltenhouse George Brummet James Huff James Huff Calvin Huff Banner C. Brummet James Dawson John Huff and "I Levin TuU / Milton Fleener John Hight 19 19 19 19 •19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 -40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 179.52 45.62 45.62 45.62 45.62 January 15. 1846 N. E. N. E. February 24. 1845 S. E. N. E. August 15, 1836 N. W. N. E. July 8, 1836 's. W. N. E. April 4, 1836 |N. E. S. E. October 13. 1832 S. E. S. E. April 4, 1836 November 24. 1836 March 2b, 1836 June 16, 1836 August 7, 1844 October 5, 1836 November 23, 1846 N. W. S. E. S. W. S. E. N. W. N. £. S. W. S. E. S. W. N. W. S. W. S. W. S. W. Elijah Preston was an early tavern keeper, as was Thomas Chinn, who bought him out. In the forties, Sylvanus Manville was tavern keeper, his house being called the American Tavern. Chapman & Lowe conducted the hotel before Manville. James Taggart sold merchandise and groceries for a short time in 1837-38. John S. Williams sold liquor in 1837. Nearly or quite all of the early business men sold liquor. Henry Jackson, Thomas Chinn, W. S. Roberts, P. C. Parker, Thomas Carr, Avery Mc- Gee, Israel Mullinix, Daniel C. Smith (colored) and others being among the earliest. Sylvanus Manville & Co. opened an excellent store in 1840, though his stock did not exceed $2,500 in value. D. M. 0. Lane, an attorney, began selling merchandise in 1842. In 1846, Svlvanus Man- ville, D. M. C. Lane, David Deitz, W. S. Roberts, E. E. & G. G. Sluss, Royal P. Manville and others were in business in the village, which contained a population of about 175 or 200. Merchants and grocers after this were as follows : Chapman & Co., W. S. Roberts, Joseph Kelley, G. W. Crouch, 1848; Albart Martindale, Dr. John Kelley, David Deitz, L. F. Raper, David Huntington, F. A. Metheney, William and D. A. Elli- ott, 1849 ; T. M. Adams & Co., John Jackson, John Wershing, T. S. Colvin, Henry Havlin, 1850 ; Mathew Floyd, W. J. Mathews, W. W. Baker, Z. Kelley, 1852 ; Cross & Hull, J. W. Knight, W. M. Mason, James S. Hester, Roberts & Taggart, William Hayes, Robert Miller, 1855; W. :B^ Hoagland, T. S. Larkin, George Jackson, Ed Mc- Elhaney, Sylvanus Manville, E. H. Cox & Co., 1862 ; W. H. & C. T. Taggart, 1865 ; W. W. Browning, 1867 ; John Genolin, J. C. Hester, Moody & Gumming, Frank P. Taggart, Charles Davidson, Charles Gib- son, W. T. Grattan, Hugh Mason. The following constitutes the pres- ent business of the town : General merchandise — F. P. Taggart, Charles Gibson, Patterson Brothers, Hugh Mason, Taggart & Grattan. Drugs and notions — Cornelius & Colvin. William Day, groceries and boots and shoes. John & F. D. Calvin, hardware. J. E. Kennedy, groceries and confectionery. W. A. Mason, groceries and notions. 0. J. Tag- gart, Barber. Blacksmiths — Guthrie & Patterson, George Stone. Car- penters — J. P. Gray, James Meyers. Grist mill — Yoder & Gray. Wagons — Leander Smith, Arnold. Harness — J. & T. D. Calvin. Furniture — John L. Dew. Butcher — Robert Brown. Milliner — Mrs. 726 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. Jennie Allison. Doctors — C. T. Taggart, John F. Genolin. A. J. Ralphy. Lawyers— R. L. Coflfey, W. W. Browning, W. L. Cox, Anderson Percifield, W. C. Duncan, J. C. Hester. Ministers — Rob- ert J. Watts. Churches — Methodist South, Presbyterian. TOWN AND TOWNSHIP INDUSTRIES. The old Edward David combined grist and saw mill was erected in the eastern part of Washington Township not far from the year 1830. A small temporary dam was built on the creek, and a race of perhaps 100 yards furnished additional head to the water which furnished the power to propel the saw and nigger-head stones. The mill was afterward much improved, a set of French buhrs being secured and a stronger dam being constructed. The mill was very useful in its day. Jonathan Fox con- ducted an old horse mill in the eastern part near Salt Creek at a very early day — as early as 1828 it is said. In the year 1840, there was ob- tained in the township salt to the amount of 1,600 bushels, as shown by the United States census reports. Some years before that, as high as 3,000 bushels were obtained in one year. Six men, with a capital of $3,000, carried on this enterprise in 1840. There were also raised 3,662 pounds of tobacco. Nashville in early years was a famous resort for sporting characters. Horse-racing was a favorite pastime, and when that became too dull a fight was projected and enjoyed, or perhaps a game of cards was played on a stump in the court house square as a settlement of who should treat to a quart of whisky. All this was called gaming, and was fined by the early laws before Justices. Another amusement was shooting at a mark, either for pleasure or profit. Turkeys were shot for, but the drinks were settled oftener this way than any other. From this chapter it will be noticed that the county seat contained a great many liquor es- tablishments. It was thought nothing of then, and cannot be judged by the standard of today. AH drank then, and rejoiced as the liquor ele- ment now does in their personal liberty. Fights in those days were very frequent and were projected in a perfectly friendly way to settle who was the, best man. Any and all new comers were required to show their met- tle and muscle. Friendly and neighborly relations were resumed when the fight was over. All this took place at the county seat. It is said that Ipaac Hooper was the first carpenter in Nashville, and Dow Head and John Mills the first blacksmiths ; Jesse Payne was the second carpenter. John L. Dew was probably the first cabinet-maker; he is yet a resident of the town and works at his trade. Henry Sipes conducted a small distil- lery as early as 1889. about a mile and a half out of town. It was oper- ated several years. John Genolin, Sr., owned a distillery in Nashville, early in the fifties. It did a small business for several years. Benjamin Huntington started a tannery southeast of Nashville early in the forties, and at first had four vats which were soon increased to eight. It after- ward passed to Mr. R , and later to Mr. Calvin. It was abandoned about the beginning of the last war. T. S. Calvin started a tannery in Nashville about 1851, and had six vats. He afterward sold to Shotwell 4 u- i!°' was afterward owned by Dow Head, Carter and others. As high as ten or twelve vats were used.- Late in the forties John Hight built a carding mill in Nashville. He fitted it up with the necessary ma- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 727 chinery for a general carding business. It was operated by a tread wheel, and was conducted by W. H. Turner. Mr. Hight took out the second flat-boat from the dock at Nashville. In about 1852, he construct- ed a boat, loaded it with grain and pork, and floated it down the streams to New Orleans. Only two boats were sent out from Nashville — the first being a load of bacon by , and the second grain and pork by Mr. Hight. Elijah Scarborough took out two or three farther down the creek, as did also Al. Meadows, and perhaps others. The county seat was first called Jacksonsburg, but at the session of the General Assembly in 1836—7, an act was passed changing the name to Nashville, after the capital of Tennessee, the change to take effect from and after the publication of the law, which was about the 1st of March, 1837. This name has since been retained. The population of the town in 1840, was about 80 ; in 1850, about 175; in 1860, about 220; in 1870, about 260 ; in 1880, 348 ; in 1888, about 380. In 1880, the population of Washington Township, including Nashville, was 2,836. INCORPORATION OF THE COUNTY SEAT. Nashville was incorporated in 1872. The census was taken by S. G. Pettigrew early in August, and the survey of the territory, to be com- prised within the limits of the corporation, was made by John P. Wright about the same time. The petition for the incorporation, signed by forty residents and accompanied by the necessary plats, descriptions, etc., was presented to the County Board on the 5th of August, whereupon an elec- tion was ordered held to determine at the polls whether a municipal gov- ernment should be assumed. This election was held September 23, and the vote was as follows: For incorporation, 39; against incorporation, 8; total 47. The village was then duly declared to be the incorporated town of Nashville. It included 194.37 acres, a strip ten rods wide and and 162 rods long being taken frotn Section 24, Township "9 north. Range 2 east, the remainder being on Section 19, Township 9 north. Range 3 east. The census as taken by Mr. Pettigrew, in August, was in full as follows : Heads of family. Males. Females. Total. John Genolin 6 3 9 W. W. Browning 2 4 9 T. D. CaWin „ 4 2 6 Minerva Jackson Oil John C. Hester 2* 3 5 James S. Hester 5 3 8 E. H. Cox 3 1 4 Hannah Stone 3 2 6 Sarah Stabb 1 2 3 William G. Watson 3 3 6 Captain T. Taggart 2 2 4 George Milhorn 2 2 4 Leander Smith 2 13 M.C. Hunter Oil Mary Manville 12 3 P. S. Taggart 3 14 Frank P. Taggart 4 2 6 John Ralpby 3 14 John A. Marshall 2 2 4 James Myers 2 2 4 Martin E. Phillips 3 3 6 728 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. Samson Scrock ^95 William M. Mason " o 3 W. T. Gralton 1 ^ „ A.S.Griffitt o 9 4 Rachel PearsoU , o fi John Mobley 1,6 Michael McNamee % F, Richard L. Coffey o T 3 Mary Price a 6 fi Daniel Marcellus i t I Katharine Roberts o « a William S. Olmstead ••• i °, i John L. Dew } * ° Andrew J. Williams j \ - BleninPercifield i 2 ? Felix G. Metheney f t a Charles Gibson , i i William L. Cox It F.D.Wood o o ^ John Britton or Seth Stevens ^ f k James P. Gray o i fi Martin B. Jackson n t a Leander Wilson 2 2 4 Caleb B. Ferguson* 7 14 21 Thompson Mobley ^ \ ^ S. G. Pettigrew ^ I A. E. Hatton 2 13 William Kelp '* ^ a Nelson Baker ^ * o Eli Bartholomew 112 Totals 144 142 286 Soon after the village was incorporated, the first Trustees, Frank P. Taggart, John Genolin and Charles Gibson, met and adopted a series of by-laws, and also a series of ordinances, for the government of the town. E. H. Cox was the first Clerk, and Leander Smith the- first Treasurer ; but little was done during the winter. The May election, 1874, result- ed as follows: John Genolin, Charles Gibson and John C. Hester, Trustees — each receiving thirty-three votes. Frank P. Taggart, Treas- urer and Assessor ; Allen W. Prather, Clerk. The latter was also em- ployed as Town Attorney. Jonas Milhorn was appointed Marshal. At the next few meetings, the by-laws and ordinances were revised, amended and put in force. Work was begun upon the streets, one of the first acts being to build a bridge over the creek, leading to the poor house. In October, two town bonds of $110 each were issued, to cover certain repairs to the schoolhouse. W. W. Browning became Town Attorney in January, 1875. The Treasurer, in May, 1875, reported receipts for the year past as $t>6 ; expenditures, $55.58 ; balance on hand, 42 cents. In May, 1875, the ofiicers were John L. Dew, W. R. Selfridge and Allen W. Prather, Trustees ; James McGreyel, Clerk ; John C. Hester, Treas- urer and Assessor; John A. Marshall, Marshal. A tax of 30 cents on each $100 was levied to pay off the bonds above mentioned. In October, 1875, James McGreyel became Trustee, vice Prather, resigned. Gilbert F. Little was appointed Clerk and Town Attorney. A road scraper was purchased for $15. The receipts for the fiscal year 1875-76 *ThiB large number included the county paupers. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 729 were $117.17 ; expenses, $103.62. The officers elected in May, 1876, were Eugene Gully, James McGreyel and W. R. Selfridge, Trustees ; James P. Gray, Marshal; G. F. Little, Clerk; J. (J. Hester, Treasurer. The officers of 1877 were John C. Hester, W. L. Cox and James Mc- Greyel, Trustees ; Aaron David, Marshal ; W. L. Cox, Town Attorney ; Nelson H. Franklin, Clerk. The officers of 1878 were Alonzo Allison, Charles Gibson and Collins Calvin, Trustees; W. L. Cox, Treasurer and Clerk; T. J. Taggart, Marshal. W. W. Browning soon took Calvin's place as Trustee, and John E. Roth Taggart's place as Marshal, and Eugene Cully Cox's place as Clerk, etc. Columbus Duncan was ap- pointed Attorney. The officers of 1879 were Alonzo Allison, C. M. Calvin and Charles Gibson, Trustees ; W. L. Cox, Treasurer and Cierk ; T. J. Taggart, Marshal ; W. C. Duncan, Attorney. The officers of 1880 were W. M. Hopper, George Stone and Alonzo Allison, Trustees ; James A. Wilson, Clerk ; W. L. Cox, Treasurer ; C. M. Calvin, Marshal ; R. L. CoflFey, Attorney. L. F. Wilson became Attorney in August. The re- ceipts for the fiscal year 1879-80 were $206.40, including $45 on hand from the previous year, and the expenses were $161.05, leaving in the treasury $44.85. The officers of 1881 were G. J. Stone, T. J. Taggart and Alonzo Allison, Trustees ; J. A. Wilson, Clerk ; W. L. Cox, Treas- urer ; C. M. Calvin, Marshal. The officers elected in 1882 were Charles Gibson, James Hampton and Sanson Shrock, Trustees; Henry Pope, Clerk; C. C. Both, Treasurer ; Samuel Brandenburgh, Marshal ; W. C. Duncan, Attorney. Mr. Duncan also became Clerk in June, vic» Pope. The receipts for the fiscal year 1882-83 were $325.71, and the expend- itures $2:24.85, leaving on hand a balance of $100.86. The officers elected in 1883 were James Hampton, Charles Gibson and Sanson Shrock, Trustees; C. C. Roth, Treasurer; Anderson Percifield, Clerk; R. N. Guthrie, Marshal. In September, Leander Woods became Clerk, and Robert J. Watts, Treasurer. Many changes were made by resigna- tions and special appointments, which are not noticed above. The muni- cipal government is not rigid ; it is in accordance with the Democratic polfcy of open instead of centralized government. Red tape is an article unknown to the "City Dads " in their official capacities. It may be said in all truth that the metropolis of Brbwn County contains some of the best citizens of the State. The society is good, morals are observed, schools are well attended, and the citizens indicate refinement and culture. SECRET SOCIETIES. The Masons organized a lodge at Nashville in about the year 1850, among the earliest members being T. M. Adams, Larson Hopper, W. S. Roberts, John L. Dew, Sylvanus Manville, Shadrach Chandler, W. W. Baker, F. A. Metheney and B. S. Roberts. Mr. Adams was the first Worthy Master ; F. A. Metheney the first Senior Warden, and Larson Hopper the first Junior Warden. The lodge grew and multiplied until it now has a pleasant hall and a flourishing membership. In August, 1883, Post Commander Samuel Webber, of Shearsville, organized at Nashville the J. S. Hester Post, No. 218, Grand Army of the Re- public, with the following charter membership : T. D. Calvin, James P. Gray, James M. Yoder, James Hampton, C. T. Taggart, D. P. Acton, 730 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. William Day, G. W. Marshall, Leander Woods, Leander C. Smith, William T. Grattan and James Myers. The first members to be initiated were W. D. Watts, Theodore Hufif, J. W. Mathis and J. W. Percifield. The first and present officers are T. D. Calvin, Commander ; J. P. Gray, S. C. ; J. M. Yoder, J. C. ; James Hampton, Q. M. ; C. T. Taggart, Surgeon ; D. P. Acton, Chaplain ; William Day, 0. of D. ; G. W. Mar- shall, 0. of G. ; Leander Woods, Adjutant; Leander Smith, S. M. ; W. T. Grattan, Q. M. S. BANKING AT NASHVILLE. Early in the fifties, it was found necessary at Nashville, owing to the lim- ited quantity of small change in circulation, and to the constant fluctuation in the value of the various wild-cat bank issues then passing current, to issue a small amount of local shin-plasters of the denominations of 25, 60 and 100 cents. William M. Mason issued a few hundred dollars worth, as did also Snyder & Arwine, the latter doing at the same time something of a brokerage business. Their money passed readily, and for a time met a greatly needed want, but ere long it also began to depreciate and fluctuate, although it was secured by real property. In March, 1854, the Traders' Bank of Nashville, Ind., was established, with the an- nounced capital of |100,000, the charter to extend twenty years. The stock was divided into 1,000 shares of $100 each, and was owned by the following men : Andrew Wilson, of Indianapolis, 33 1 shares ; John Woolly, of Indianapolis, 333 shares ; L. D. Inglesbee, 333 shares. This banking enterprise did little more than file and record its articles of association. Nashville now has no bank. SCHOOLS. The first school in the township was taught near Hedgesville about the year 1835, in a rude log cabin that had for a time been occupied by some family. The name of the teacher cannot be stated. The few families in that neighborhood sent eight or ten children. It is probable that school was taught in the David neighborhood about this time, or, as stated by some, earlier. It is also stated that a few terms of school were taught, at a very early date, at or near the old Jackson's salt works, in the western part. In 1840, there were three schoolhouses in the town- ship — one in the western part, one in the eastern part and one at Nash- ville. In 1850, there were four schoolhouses ; in 1860, five or six ; in 1870, nine or ten ; and in 1880, twelve. This number gives the town- ship excellent educational facilities. As early as 1837, the few families at Nashville erected a log schoolhouse within a few rods of the present house, in the northwestern part of town. It was built of round logs, was not larger than 12x16 feet, had poplar poles split for benches, slabs for desks, and had no window at all. The huge fire-place which oc- cupied one entire end of the room furnished the only light save what was occasionally admitted on warm days through the open door. The fire light was very cheerful and grateful, as the hickory logs snapped and glowed with heat, and cast a ruddy glow over the whole room. David Reddick was the first teacher (winter of 1837-88). Children of the Hoovers, the Dawsons, the Roberts, the Brummets and perhaps others, went to this first school. Mr. Reddick was a good teacher. He kept WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 731 in the schoolroom a small, curiously forked stick. Any scholar wishing to leave the room could only do so after getting possession of this stick, which arrangement prevented two or more from being out at the same time. John C. Marshall, who taught three or four terms, was the second teacher. Charles Sipes was probably the third, and John C.~ Gould the fourth. It was the custom then to turn the teacher out on Christmas, and keep him out until he capitulated and treated. The cus- tom was so universal that scholars demanded the right to do it, and were upheld by their parents. Christmas came, and Mr. Gould was informed that he must treat. The scholars refused to come to order when called, and the teacher refused to treat. After a short time the large boys forcibly captured the teacher, bound him hand and foot, and carried him down to Greasy Creek to be severely ducked in the cold water, unless he surrendered and treated. Several men of the town accompanied this novel expedition. The stubborn teacher was carried out into the stream by the large boys, who took off their shoes and rolled up their pants and waded out. A parley was held, but the teacher was obstinate, and was on the point of being unceremoniously baptised, when W. S. Roberts in- terceded, and after some sharp words, pro and con, secured from the teacher a promise to treat to candy and apples. He was released and the cavalcade marched up to the store, where all were given a taste of the above-named delicacies. School was then resumed and all went on as before. This first log schoolhouse was not used longer than about five years ; after that, various buildings, already standing, were used. The Followell grocery building was thus occupied, Sipes teaching there one or more terms. The court house was used for the same purpose. Gould taught there several terms. A man named Roseberry was one of the first teachers in Nashville, and in the old log court house. The present schoolhouse in the northwestern part of town, though greatly altered in appearance and improved, was built about the year 1857. It is said that Ada Gould was the first teacher in this house. Others were Andrew Gray, Leonidas Alders, Graham, Luther De Motte, John Metheney and others. The schoolhouse in the southeastern part was built about fifteen years ago. The town schools have been partially graded for a number of years. The present school in the eastern part under Prof. Watts is well conducted. CHUECHES. It is said that a minister named Eckles preached the first sermon at Nashville in the old log court house, about the year 1837. He did not succeed in forming a class, howevei", for a year or two. He stopped at the tavern kept by P. C. Parker, after the class had been organized. In one of his sermons he gave the dram-sellers a broadside, which so angered Mr. Parker, who kept liquor at his bar, that he refused the man of God ad- mission to his hotel, and the latter was forced to go to lianner Brummet's. Among the earliest members of the United Brethren class were the fam- ilies of D. D. Weddel (who was himself a minister or Elder of the church), W. S. Roberts, Benjamin Chandler, James Watson, Henry Jackson and others. This old class survived for many years, but did not build a church. The Methodists also organized a class quite early. It is probable that Rev. Eli P. Farmer formed the first class. Godfrey Jones, 46 732 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. of Johnson County, wa8 an early minister of this class. The Goulds, the Dews and others were early members. The old frame church now used as a printing oflBce was built about 1848, and was used for almost everything for many years. The class went down about war time over the slavery question, and was not revived as such. A few years ago, a Methodist class South was organized by Revs. Branstutter and Hunter. In about 1878, the present church was built at a cost of about $1,500, J. 0. Hester alone giving $500 and guaranteeing that full payment for the house should be made. Among the first members were J. C. Hester and family, J. L. Dew and family, W. W. Browning and family, Eliakim Hamblen and family, Isaac Chafin and family. Widow Jackson, Dr. C. T. Taggart and family, M. B. Jackson and family, Mrs. Frank P. Tag- gart, Solomon Lawver and wife, Dr. M. E. Phillips and family, Mrs. Gibson, Mrs. Hannah Stone and others. The ministers of the new class South have been Revs. Hunter, Taylor, Felkner, , Hunter, Savage and the present pastor, Mr. Jackson. The church is in a prosperous con- dition. In 1879, the Presbyterian class was organized, and among the first members were G. W. Allison, T. D. Calvin, W. L. Cox, Charles Gibson, R. L. Coffey, John Deitz, John Allison, Henry Voland, Harvey Bay, T. H. McLashon and their families. The frame church was built in 1882, at a cost of about $1,600. The ministers have been Revs. Wood, Larimore and the present pastor, who is serving as a supply. Elder Demaree. The Presbyterian Sunday School was organized in the spring of 1883, T. D. Calvin being the first Superintendent. The average at- tendance is about fifty. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. THE GOLB DEPOSITS. THE natural features of Jackson Township are too unusual and inaportant to be passed over with only a cursory notice. It may be stated in general that the high ridge extending across the county east and west, just south of the general course of Bean Blossom Creek, formed the wall against which the masses of ice from the north during the gla- cial era of the world's history, piled themselves, unable to move farther south except in small quantities, which escaped through gaps in the ridge. Here, then, in the valley of the creek, are the remains of what the ice transported from British America. Here is where the great ice glaciers were stopped and were melted by the recurring summer's sun, and were forced to deposit their loads of Canadian soil and rocks. The tact that south of this ridge the drift is rarely, if ever, found, proves the ridge to have been the southern limit of the enormous masses of ice. All over the northern slope of the ridge and throughout the valley of Bean Jilossom Greek are large quantities of the remains of the Laurentian Hills ot liritish America— greenstone, quartzite, quartz, magnetite, gold, etc. ±5nt the township has valuable native minerals as well. There are rich JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 733r beds of limestone and sandstone, and large quantities of geodes from the Keokuk beds, which have been left from the destruction of the rocks. The surface soil of the creek valley is composed of the rich debris of the native rocks, washed down the hillsides through long periods of years, and mingled with the warmer sands and clays from the glacial drift. The geodes locally known as " nigger-heads " are very abundant on Bear Creek, and are usually roughly mammalated and homely, but filled with variously tinted or pellucid crystals of silica, with occasional beautiful specimens of calcspar and sulphuret of iron and zinc. At the old " gold placer " of John Richards, on Bear Creek, several of them are geodized fossils of the genera Zaphrentis, Bellerophon, Goniatites and Nautilus. The valley of Bean Blossom Creek was, doubtless, at one time, much deeper than at present, having been filled up with washings from the adjacent elevations. It is probable that at some future time, borings or excavations in the valley will be rewarded with paying quantities of gold found mingled with the famous black sand or magnetite brought by the ice from the Canadian highlands. Occasional pebbles of Canadian white quartz, containing bright particles of pure gold, are found in the creek valley. Gold has been known to exist in the county and in Jackson Township for many years, and persons ignorant of the geologic forma- tions have vainly supposed that there was no end in quantity to the valu- able mineral. It may be stated that while gold may continue to be found, even in paying quantities, at certain lucky " placers," continuous quantities are not present, and need not be sought. The gold does not belong here. It was brought from Canada and deposited by the ice thousands of years ago. Numerous gold excitements, growing out of some lucky discoveries, have occurred in the past, during which time companies were formed, leases were bought, sluice-ways were constructed, and long-toms and rockers prepared. The companies did not average in gold more than 25 cents per day. On the contrary, single individuals- of California experience, by careful selection of location, have " panned out " from $1 to $2 per day. The most valuable nugget found was worth about $1.10. • It is probable that the best pay dirt lies at the deepest part of the trough of the creek valley. Bores would establish this line ; then, by shafting, the richest dirt may be brought to the surface. The following estimate of gold found in Jackson Town- ship has been made : Kiohard'a farm and adjoining $400 Plum Creek 100 Lick Creek ." 150 Christopher Stumps, Georgetown 500 Bean Blossom Creek 800 Total ; $1,950 The little village of Needmore, situated in the southwestern part of the township, on the Bean Blossom Ridge, rests upon a bench of modified drift. Here it was that the ice overreached the ridge and scalped the original or native deposits of rock, and permitted the glaciers to partially pass over and rest upon the bench where the village stands. Hence th ere are scattered all around the remains of the drift — bowlders of quartz, quartz^ ite, granite and black sand, or magnetite containing gold and a suffcient 734 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. quantity of garnet " that a bushel may be panned out in a day. -t me specimens of sulphuret of zinc, sulphuret of iron and calcspar are often found. At Baughman's Hill, on Section 9, Township 9 north, Range 2 east, the geologic formation is as follows : Surface soil, yellow loess 12 feet. Keokuk limestone, with gcodes, and chert containing Hemi- pronites crenistria, Productus semi-reticulatua, and crin- oidal stems ° feet. Sandstone 2 feet. Knob shales with plates and band of sandstone 230 feet. Quarry knob sandstone to water level 4 feet. Total 256 feet. DRAINAGE, ETC. The township has all varieties of soil and scenery. Orchards of peaches are numerous on the hill-tops, and are quite sure and productive. Other fruits are numerous, large and fine. The township is covered with a valuable growth of native forestry, and sends abroad annually large quantities of staves, hoop poles, etc. Three-fourths of the township are drained by Bean Blossom Creek and its branches — Bear, Brier, Lick, Opossum and Plum. The two tiers of sections on the south are drained by Owl, Jackson and other branches of Salt Creek. FORMATION OF THE TOWNSHIP. On the 1st of March, 1825, the three tiers of sections on the west side of the present townships of Jackson and Washington, as far south as the line dividing Townships 8 and 9 north, were made a part of the town- ship of Jackson, created in Monroe County, of which that much of Brown County was then a part. An election of two Justices of the Peace was ordered held at the house of Banner Brummet, on the last Saturday in April, 1825, with Elias Swift, Inspector. This election was held, but the results cannot be given, except that Banner Brummet was elected Justice of the Peace, and served as one of the Board of Justices of Mon- roe County. In January, 1826, Henry Kendall was appointed Inspector of Elections in Jackson Township ; Banner Brummet and James Brum- met, Overseers of the Poor; John Young and John Hensley, Fence Viewers. The greater portion of this Jack ion Township was in the pres- ent Monroe County — five tiers of sections, while only three were in the present Brown County. When Brown County was created in 1836, and formed into townships, the old name — Jackson — was kept for the town- ship in the northwest part of the county, leaving Monroe County without any Jackson Township. The original boundary of the Jackson Town- ship of Brown County will be found elsewhere. It took in all of the present township together with two tiers more of sections on the south, and included within its limits Jacksonburg, the county seat, the name being taken from the name of the township, in accordance with the sug- gestion of Banner Brummet. The township took its name from the old township which had been named in honor of Gen. Jackson, the hero of New Orleans. The August election in the new township of 1886 was ordered held at the house of James Da,wson. This was true also of Johnson Township. The September elections were ordered held at the JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 735 house of Simon Weatherman. Ira Wilson was appointed Inspector of both elections. The Justices of the Peace elected prior to 1846 will be found in another chapter. Early in 1837, the township of Washington was created, which took from Jackson the two tiers of sections on the south, and removed beyond its limits the county seat. William Snyder assessed Jackson in 1836. William Murphy and John Hubbard were the first Overseers of the Poor. John Jackson was the first Constable, but within a month or two it was found necessary to have two, and Ben Brum- met was appointed in September, 1836. In December, 1836, elections were ordered held at the house where Silas Young formerly lived, and March, 1837, at Georgetown, where they continued to be held for some time. At the first meeting of the County Board, in 1836, a district was established on the " Jackson's Licks & Martinsville road," to extend from the Licks northward to Bear Creek, and William Davidson was ap- pointed Superintendent, and the following " hands " living along or near the road were ordered to report to him for work : Samuel Pogue, Israel Mullinix, Joseph Parks, William Rbbertson, Robert Robertson, Shadrach Robertson, Pleasant Robertson, William Robertson, Jr., Abram Wooden, Michael Fleener, Aaron Fleener and Henry Young. The southern part of this road district was in Washington Township. D. D. Weddel was the Township Assessor in 1837. John Prosser and D. D. Weddel were Overseers of the Poor in 1838 ; John Harris and Christopher Stump, Fence Viewers ; ' S. Robertson, Inspector. In 1839, Chris Stump was Inspector ; Michael Tomey and William Dunaway, Overseers of the Poor ; John D. Kennedy and Robert Robertson, Fence Viewers. John Richards assessed Jackson Township in 1840, and Michael Tomey in 1841. THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS. The Youngs and the Fleeners were among the very first in the township. Several families had lived on the creek as early as 1823 or 1824, and about this time the first permanent settlements were formed. James A. Baker was an early settler, as was also one or two of the Wed- dels, John Hubbard, the Robertsons, John David, John Richards, and others. By 1830, not less than eleven or twelve families lived in the township in rude round-log cabins. Bear Creek took its name from the great number of bears which could be found along its course. When pursued by hunters in surrounding localities, these animals made a bee line for the ravines and heavy woods along Bear Creek. The following comprises all the early entries of land in the township and includes the names of many of the earliest settlers and most prominent families. The descendants are scattered all through the hills and ravines where their grandfathers first squatted forty and fifty years ago. The following were the entries in Township 10 north. Range 2 east. Section 1 — James Pratt, 1839; William Fesler, 1837 ; J. M. Williams, 1837 ; John Fesler, 1837; Section 2 — William Marcum, 1837; Sampson Coatney, 1838 ; Jacob Fleener, 1835 ; Section 3— Preston Doty, 1839 ; A. B. Kelso, 1841 ; Samuel Fleener, 1837 ; John Lake, 1839 ; Section 8 — Daniel Thomas, 1837; Section 10— Joseph Anderson, 1839; C. H. Hill, 1844; J. W. Baker, 1845; John Harris, 1839 ; Evan Reynolds, 1840; Samuel Fleener, Jr., 1838; Section 11 — Dolly Hickman, 1843 ; Nancy Conatsey, 736 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. 1839 ; Fred Goings, 1841; Jerry Harrel, 1837; John Morgan, 1840 ; W. B. Harris, 1837; Alexander Groten, 1836; Section 12— Peter Oben- chain, 1837; William Fesler, 1837; T. J. Obenchain, 1839 ; Elizabeth Fesler, 1839 ; James P. Abbey, 1843 ; Section 13— Lewis Brummet, 1839 ; Jerry Davidson, 1837; Charles McGinley, 1837; Allen S. Ander- son, 1837 ; John C. Gould, 1843 ; Sarah Anderson, 1839 ; Raleigh Rains, 1837 ; Gillis Hitch, 1840 ; Section 14— Z. Fairrie, 1839 ; Section 15— Alfred Hicks, 1837; James A. Baker, 1833 ; Section 17— Daniel Thom- as, 1837 ; Harvey Young, 1837 ; Thompson Weddel, 1833 ; Thomas W. Weddel, 1836 ; Section 18— D. D. Weddel, 1837 ; Section 19— John Hubbard, 1832 ; Stephen Richards, 1837 ; Section 20— David Weddel, 1836; Section 21— Curtis Morris, 1839; William Hodgin, 1839; Section 22— Henry Gratner, Jr., 1836; Willis Earles, 1837; J. A. Lockridge, 1837 ; Elijah Long, 1840 ; Section 23 — Owen Barker, 1837; Silas Smith, 1837; William Shannon, 1840; Christian Hesse, 1837; Jerry Harrell, 1837 ; Section 24— John Harris, 1 836 ; Alex Evans, 1838 ; M. Melden, 1836 ; Thomas King, 1838 ; William Day, 1841 ; G. M. Sparks, 1837; Jesse Ritter, 1835; G. B. Myers, 1839; John True, 1 837 ; Joseph Robertson, 1835 ; Section 25 — Joseph Dunlap, 1837; Jesse Carr, 1837; John Brooks, 1836; Isaac Prosser, 1837; Michael Twomey, 1837; Arthur Mulekin, 1838; Shad Robertson, 1835 ; William Dunamby, 1836 ; John Maxwell, 1836 ; Section 26 — Thomas M. Adams, 1836 ; Caleb Cane, 1839 ; Thomas Golyear, 1837; David Rousseau, 1837; Thomas Dunaway, 1836 ; Elijah Long, 1837; John Cartright, 1837; James Niles, 1839 ; Section 27 — Joshua Boles, 1837; Daniel Laughbough, 1841 ; Mary Myers, 1839 ; Nancy Myers, 1836 ; P. I. Pearce, 1837; Catharine Neid'igh, 1839; William Hodgin, 1839; John liTeidigh, 1839; J. A. Lockridge, 1837; Section 28— John Roach 1839 ; Christopher Baker, 1837; Joseph Rank, 1841; Jacob Daggy 1838 ; Daniel Branstutter, 1840 ; Section 29— Silas Young, 1833 Hugh McClary, 1839 ; Thompson Weddel, 1839; John Richards, 1834 John David, 1832 ; Arnold Helton, 1837 ; Section 30— John Richards, 1833; L. W. David, 1839; John Home, 1837; Christopher Baker, 1837, Section 31 — Samuel Dunn, 1836 ; John D. Faghner, 1841 ; Section ^2— Alexander Neidigh, 1839 ; Michael Branstutter, 1842 ; W. B. Slaybough, Isaac Robertson, 1841; Charles . Neidigh, 1839; Section ^3— Arnold Helten, 1837 ; Christopher Baker, 1839 ; James Mitchell, 1834 ; Section 34— J. H. Blackbower, 1837 ; Samuel Lockridge, 1837 ; Wm. W. Hornish, 1839; Section 35— William Kennedy, 1839; W. P. Twomey, 1837 ; Catharine Stump, 1837 ; Christopher Stump, 1836 ; Section 36— William Dunaway, 1836 ; Israel Weeks, 1836 ; William Snider, 1836; John Adams, 1836 ; Merinda Kesterson, 1833; George Snider, 1837. Township 9 north. Range 2 east ; Section 4 — G. W. Snyder, 1844 ; Section 5— Lazarus Robertson, 1837 ; Robert Robert- son, 1837; Section 6— Charles Neidigh, 1839; Section 9— John Fleener, 1843; W. W. Cotton, 1839. Township 9 north. Range 3 «ast; Section 7— Jackson Woods, 1844; John Knox, 1839; Banner C. Brummet, 1837. Township 10 north, Range 3 east; Section 6— James Terhune, 1836; Paulina Demott, 1838 ; Garret Terhune 1889- Section 7— John Cox, 1836; Garret Terhune, 1838; W. r' Hunt' JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 737 1838, M. Boaz, 1843 ; Owen Barker, 1837 ; Section 18— Chris. Long, 1836 ; Lewis Brummet, 1837 ; Hezekiah McKinney, 1836 ; Joshua Brummet, 1835 ; Henry Bates, 1836 ; Owen Barker, 1837 ; Griffith Davidson, 1835 ; Section 19 — Joshua Brummet, 1835 ; Calvin Moser, 1839; George Grove, 1835 ; S. M. Gillaspy, 1837 ; William Owens, 1836 ; Section 30 — John Conner, 1837 ; George King, 1839 ; John Gillaspy, 1836; George Burkhardt, 1839; M. B. Weddel, - 1837 ; William Nickerman, 1838 ; Henry Taylor, 1836 ; John D. Kennedy, 1839; J. B. Hornish, 1837; William Snider, 1833; Section 31— C. L. Hesse, 1837 ; John Prosser. 1837 ; Abe Prosser, 1837 ; John Barnhill, 1837. HISTOKICAL ITEMS. Probably the first marriage in the township was that of Jesse Rich- ards and Anna Grove, in November, 1836, by Jonathan Watson, Justice of the Peace. Charles Smith and Irenah King were married by Rev. Jerry King in 1836 also. This is said to have been the first. The Youngs built a horse mill in the western part. at an early day, where a fair article of flour and excellent, coarse meal could be secured. It was quite well patronized. Christ. Stump's water mill, built on Bean Blos- som, about two miles west of Georgetown, not far from the year 1848, supplied the region around for inany years. A saw mill was connected with it and the two were operated several years. The old George Grove Mill was built as early as 1835, and was operated about ten years. It was operated by horse power. GEORGETOWN. George Grove was probably the first man to live at this village. H. was there aa early as 1833, and very likely several years before. He founded the village which took its title from his given name. James Dawson lived there very early before he moved down into Washington Township. Adams & Kennedy opened the first store there in 1836, having about $1,500 worth of variety merchandise. Brooks was an early resident. William Snider came there not far from 1835, and for many years was the leading man in business. Mcllhenny moved there in 1837, and Thomas Waltman soon afterward. William Murphy was another early resident. In about 1839, Jacob McNeeley erected a large tannery there. He sunk between forty and fifty vats, and manufactured leather on a large scale for that early day. His buckskin was well known in Eastern markets. The tannery was conducted until about 1848, and was abandoned after his death, by lightning. A man named Nordyke also conducted an early tannery there. Cooper & Becket were merchants about 1839. W. W. Baker sold liquor as early as 1837. Samuel Law- rence followed suit a year later, and Daniel Parsley trumped them both about the same time. Charles and George McLish opened a store in 1840, with a general stock worth, $4,000 ; they sold liquor, groceries and merchandise, and paid a license of $25 per year. Robert Mcllhenny also started a small store in 1839, continuing to about 1841. T. and R. Pugh were merchants in 1846. John R. Davis opened with $1,000 worth in 1842. William Snider began merchandising in 1847. Robert Mcllhenny sold goods in 1850 and onward. William Banta was in later 738 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. and also Samples, Peoples & Co. The Watermans have long been in business there, and are yet doing well. The Staples jewelrj establish- ment has long been an important industry there. All kinds of repairs in gold and silver are turned out, and gold, silver and nickel spectacles and silverware are manufactured. The village had a newspaper a few years ago, edited by A. S. Helm. It also has a couple of lawyers, Waltman & Cooper. A fine grist mill was built by the Waltmans a few years ago. It is now in excellent shape and has a liberal patronage. The population of the village is about 100. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. So far as can be learned, the first school in Jackson Township was taught at Georgetown about the year 1838, by John C. Marshall. A log building was erected there about that time to serve the double duty of a church and schoolhouse — in fact it was used for everything of a public nature. Traveling small shows exhibited there, and various and all denominations of religion were entitled to use it. Marshall was a good teacher for that early day. He bad received a fair education, but the greatest value he possessed as a teacher was in his muscle and sand. The big boys (and boys were big then), found in him a "master" of the typical character. He taught in many places throughout the county. The second school is said to have been taught in the Anderson neighbor- hood, probably by a man named Rice, and the third down the creek near the Richard farm. In 1845 there were three or four school districts, and in 1860 about ten. Now there are fourteen. Rev. Eli P. Farmer, an earnest Methodist from near Bloomington, preached the first sermon in the old log building referred to in about the year 1838, possibly 1837. Godfrey Jones was another early preacher of the same persuasion. These men formed a small class of the Kennedys, the Walkers and others. Rev. Aaron Farmer, of the United Brethren Church, preached there in 1838, and afterward organized a small class. The Presbyterians started up there later, and finally built their church, which is yet standing. NBEDMORE. This little village, in the southwestern part, is of recent origin. A post office was first established there and a store. At last a blacksmith appeared, and other houses were built, and finally another store was started, and now there are three or four, and the village has a population of probably 100. HORSE RACES. Georgetown was a famous place for horse races in early years, as there was a long level tract of ground there. William Snider, Matthew Mathis, Edward David, the Brummets, the Grahams and others in all parts of the county, owned fast horses and would assemble on a given day to test the merits of their animals. Of course, whisky cut an important figure at these gatherings- Betting on horses was carried to an extrava- gant extreme very often. POLL TAX PAYERS OF 1848. Allen S. Anderson, M. B. Anderson, James P. Abbey, Charles G. Adams, Levi B. Anders, William Adkins, Jacob Baughman, Owen Barl HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. 739 ker, William Bowman, Lewis Brummet, Henry Brock, Daniel Branstutter, Isaac Bolt, A. G. Bergen, Banner C. Brummet, William Barker, William Brummet, James Blasingen, Robert Blain, John E. Baker, Benjamin Boles, Michael Branstutter, R. S. Brummet, John J. Cain, Caleb Crane, William Crane, Norflet Dolsberry, John David, James Daggy, Samuel Daggy, Thomas Dunaway, John Donelson, L. H. David, Felix C. Dunn, Aaron Fleener, Jacob Fleener, George Followell, Milton Fleener, Fred- erick Fleener, Jackson Fleener, Abraham Fleener, Austin Franklin, Cornelius Followell, William Fusselman, George Fusselman, Frederick Goings, W. A. Guinn, W. P. Holman, Daniel Houtz, Alfred Hicks, W. B. Harris, John Harris, John Hitch, Alexander Jenkins, David Kessel, A. B. Kelso, John Knox, Thomas Kemp, James Kemp, B. R. Kelley, G. W. Lambert, Elijah Long, Samuel Lockridge, Christopher Long, Andrew Long, Calvin Moser, H. A. McClary, William Murphy, William Marcum, Elisha Marcum, John Mooney, Robert Mcllhenny, William McCoy, James McCoy, William Murphy, John D. McClary, Samuel Marshall, John C. Marshall, James Martin, George Morgan, Zedekiah Morgan, John Neidigh, Alexander Neidigh, Abraham Neidigh, Elias Nail, Isaac Neal, Nathan Pruitt, Lewis Prosser, John Prosser, James Prosser, Isaac Prosser, A. M. Proctor, John Richard, Thomas Ross, Isaac Robertson, Joseph Robertson, Sr,, Joseph Robertson, Jr., W. R. Robertson, Claiborne Robertson, Jesse Ritter, Thomas Swift, Will- iam Shannon, Robert Shannon, Harmon Snider, Calvin Skinner, Will- iam Snider, Alexander Shannon, Jacob Stephens, Stafford Smith, George M. Sparks, William Stone, William Taylor, Daniel Thomas, James Terhune, William Terhune, Michael Tomey, William Tuttle, George Tultro, Michael Waltman, V. H. Watson, David A. Wallace, Ephraim Ward, Daniel Weddel, Abraham Wooden, Theodore Whitney, David D. Weddel, W. E. Weddel, Samuel White and Aaron Zook. The heaviest tax payers were Allen S. Anderson, $9.01 ; Owen Barker, $7.25; Daniel Branstutter, $7.87; A. G. Bergen, $11.65; W. P. Holtman, $7.53 ; John Hitch, $9.36 ; David Kissel, $6.36; Elijah Long, $8.11; Samuel Lockridge, $9.56; Calvin Moser, $6.79; Hugh A. McLary, $8.95; T. & R.Pugh, $8.80; John Richards, $8.12; Christopher Stump, $7.03; William Snider, $30.12; total number of polls, 127 ; total acres, 12,653.92; value of land, $29,912; value of improvements, $22,230; value of lots, $1,010 ; value of personal property, $21,198 ; total value of taxables, $74,350 ; total tax, $651.77 ; delinquent tax and interest, $147.25 ; total tax, $799.02. HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. NATURAL WEALTH. THIS is one of the most valuable sections of Brown County. It was earlier settled by numbers than any other portion, and that too, by a class whose courage and industry were only surpassed by their cordial though homely hospitality. Many of the earliest came from Johnson County, where they had located at a still earlier date, coming largely from 740 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. the Southern States, originally. The rich valley of Upper Bean Blossom possessed too many inviting features to be passed by by home seekers. The hills were clothed in fine raiment of poplar, hickory, maple, white, black and chestnut oak, walnut, cherry, elm, sycamore, sassafras; and the luxuriant verdure in open glades revealed the fertility of the soil. And the judgment of the fathers was wise. In the southwest were the vast deposits from the glaciers of pre-historic times. Here the rich wash- ings from the adjacent hills had been freely mingled with the warm sands and loams of the drift beds, and here were the deposits of magnetite, quartz, bowlders, jasper and gold from the Laurentian Rocks of Canada. In this portion of the township has since been found probably $2,000 worth of gold, occuring with but little or no alloy. Both North Salt Creek and South Bean Blossom rise in the northern part, not far apart, and both flow southward within a mile and a half of each other. In the northeast corner is Saddle Creek which flows eastward, and belongs to another river system. High ridges with spurs along their sides occur throughout the township. The stone is not as valuable as in other parts of the county. The following is the formation a short distance east of Georgetown : Alluvial soil 1 to 2 feet. Loess 10 to 50 feet. Polishing sands to 1 foot. White potter's clay, apparently of excellent quality 2 to 4 feet. Modified glacial drift with black sand, gold, etc 25 feet. Indurated tough dark clay, silt to creek, more than 12 feet. Total 94 feet. THE WHITE SETTLEMENT. It is next to impossible to name the first settler of this township. It was one of the first to be visited of Brown County. The older counties over east — Johnson and Bartholomew — were settled early in their west- ern parts, and the settlement was extended westward into Hamblen Town- ship. It is quite certain that the first settlers appeared as early as the year 1820, and by 1824 there were probably ten or twelve families, if not more, living within the present limits of the township. The township in about 1830 was attached by Legislative enactment to Johnson County and remained a part of the same until the creation of Brown County in 1886. Upon its creation Hamblen extended two miles farther south, but the township of Washington was created a few months afterward, as will be seen in another part of this work, thus taking away two tiers of. sections on the south, and leaving the territory as it is at present. The first election was held at the residence of James Taggart, and continued afterward to be held there. Mr. Taggart was the first Township Assessor. Daniel King and Cornelius Kirts were the first Overseers of the Poor. Taggart was paid $5 for assessing the township. William King was the first Constable. Taggart also assessed the township in 1837. In 1837, the place of election was changed to the house ot Wiley Guy. In 1838, Eliakim Hamblen and Abraham Chappel were Overseers of the Poor. Jacob Walker and John Maxwell, Fence Viewers ; David King, Inspector. King was yet Constable. James Taggart was Assessor in 1840, also in 1841. In 1841, Mr. Taggart killed an old wolf near his house, and sue- HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. 741 ceeded in finding her five young ones. He took the six scalps to the County Auditor and received county orders to the amount of |8.50. The township took its name from Jesse Hamblen, not because he was the first settler, because he was not, but because he was a prominent man and had much to do with early public afi'airs. This accounts for the peculiar spelling of the name of the township, it being the same as the family name. In 1840, Wiley Guy and C. W. Tucker were Overseers of the Poor ; Conrad Kirts and Benjamin Pitcher, Fence Viewers. The Road Supervisors at this time were Jesse Hamblen, Preston Goforth, and James Parks. Henry Stivers and Sarah Harris were married by L. F. Raper, Associate Judge, on the 29th of July, 1836. Elijah Curry and Mary Richards were married by James Taggart, Justice of the Peace, Sep- tember 15, 1836. G. M. Parks and Elizabeth Harris were married by Squire Taggart, October 30, 1836. Cornelius Tucker and Mary Ham- blen were married January 19, 1837 by William Taggart, Justice of the Peace. Conrad Kirts and Jane Rariden were bound in Hymen's chains, by Squire Watson, April 20, 1837. In 1836, on the old Sparks Ferry road, from the creek at Owen Simpson's to Sections 13 and 14, Pleasant W. Weddel was Superintendent, and was given the following hands. Archi- bald Taylor, John King, James Kirts, William King, Isaac King, Jesse Hamblen, Pleasant Hamblen, Owen Simpson, William Taggart, John Brown, Jesse Brown, William Taylor, Henry Taylor, James Taggart, Mordeica Weddel, Thomas Taylor, Preston Goforth, Abraham Chapel, James Weddel, Elias Weddel and Eliakim Hamblen. On the same road, from Sections 13 and 14 north to the Johnson County line, James Walker was appointed Superintendent, with the following hands : Ed Duncan, Isaac Bell, John Conner, Benjamin Pitcher, Levi Petro, Jonathan Watson, Willis Rowden, Harrison Stivers, John Gibson, Luther Calvin, William Campbell, John Terhune, Charles Bolt, George White, William Spears, Sandy Walker, Zephaniah Walker, Wiley Guy, Moses Thorp, John Rariden and Josiah Goodwinei ENTRIES OF LAND. Township 9 north, Range 3 east; Section 1 — Pleasant G. Weddel, 18.33 ; Robert Millsop, 1833 ; James Taggart, 1834 ; Section 11 — Jesse Brown, 1836 ; John Brown, 1835 ; James Taggart, 1839 ; Jonathan Fox, 1836 ; Thomas Brown, 1834. Township 10 north. Range 3 east, Section 1 — Abraham Martin, 1837 ; H. Wyatt, 1836 ; Dawson Walker, 1839 ; John Peterson, 1836 ; M. H. Lancaster, 1837 ; Humphrey Wells, 1836 ; Thomas McClary, 1837 ; Elizabeth Duncan, 1837 ; Sec- tion 2— S. Welch, 1837 ; John Wells, 1837 ; John Buttram, 1839 ; Isaac Bell, 1837 ; Avery Chase, 1838 ; John Frad, 1836 ; Stephen El- der, 1836; Andrew Raymon, 1839; Section 3— Luther Calvin, 1831 ; John Calvin, 1839 ; James Calvin, 1836 ; James Culley, 1835 ; Elisha Mathis, 1836 ; Melinda Pritchard, 1836 ; John Harris, 1833 ; Section 4— Maj. Mitchell. 1836 ; David Zook, 1837 ; Isaac Holman, 1839 ; Idy Terhune, 1838 ; Isaac Walker, 1838 ; James Newill, 1836 ; W. J. Hogg, 1837 ; John Terhune, 1836 ; James Culley, 1836 ; Pat Keefe, 1837 ; William Culley, 1837 ; Section 5— John Culley, 1836; John and Timo- thy Griffith, 1839 ; Henry Goodpasture, 1836 ; Jonathan Porter, 1837 ; 742 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. Garrett Terhune, 1838; Edward Allen, 1837; Richard Bowling, 1836; Section 8— Jerry Graham, 1839; Jonathan Porter, 1837; David Park- hurst, 1836; John Cox, 1836; Gideon Stephens, 1839; Section 9— William Keaton, 1837 ; Henry Admire, 1837 ; John Varris, 1836 ; A. B. Debord, 1838 ; Jacob Barret, 1837 ; John Graham, 1836 ; J. T. Tucker, 1836; Mark Mitchell, 1836; Section 10— Peter Handy, 1839; William Shears, 1837 ; John Lemon, 1837 ; William Keaton, 1837 ; James Wallser, 1837 ; Jacob Barnett, 1837 ; Section 11 — George Sparks, 1837 ; Andrew Raymon, 1839 ; Pat Smith, 1841 ; W. W. Cotton, 1836; Harrison Stephens, 1837 ; Section 12 — Abe Martin, 1837 ; Thomas McClung, 1837 ; Thomas Bowles, 1839 ; Robert McClung, 1837 ; Sec- tion 13— Thomas Milliken, 1837 ; George Smith, 1839 ; Section 14— M. H. Lancaster, 1837; Benjamin Pitchen, 1835; James Stewart, 1833; Samuel Walker, 1838 ; Levi Petro, 1834 ; John Connor, 1834 ; Section 15— William Hodgin, 1839 ; William Kennedy, 1836 ; George White, 1833 ; Charles Bolt, 1836 ; James Bolt, 1833 ; Ed Duncan, 1843 ; Sec- tion 17 — David Parkhurst, 1836 ; Fountain Devore, 1836 ; John Grat- ner, 1838; Ezekiel Parkhurst, 1837; William Murphy, 1835; Section 20— William Phillips, 1837; Josiah Goodwine, 1833; Thomas M. Adams, 1839 ; Jesse Richards, 1837 ; Section 21— P. Wilkins, 1836 ; Jonathan Watson, 1836 ; Michael Richards, 1835 ; Thomas Kennedy, 1837 ; Section 22— Caleb Kennet, George White, 1833 ; Stephen De- bord, 1838; Franklin Walker, 1834; S. B. Walker, 1836; Moses Tharp, 1838 ; Section 23— John H. Smith, 1838 ; Charles Walker, Jr., December 24, 1829 ; Samuel Walker, 1883 ; Henry Burton, 1842 ; Sec- tion 24 — Joseph Spangler, 1839 ; John Mcllvain, 1840 ; Section 25 — W. N. Taylor, 1836 ; Ransom Smith, 1839 ; Section 26— Wiley Guy, 1834; Conrad Kirts, 1834; William Chappel, 1837; Abe Chappel, 1834 ; E. W. Curry, 1836 ; Robert Lingo, 1841 ; Section 27— Stephen Debord, 1838 ; Preston Goforth, 1839 ; Moses Tharp, 1834 ; James Kirts, 1836 ; Section 28 — Preston Goforth, 1835 ; Jonathan Watson, 1837; John McDaniel, 1837; John Adams, 1836; Gorge Burkhart, 1839; S. B. Walker, 1836 ; Curtis Maris, 1839; John Hyatt, 1839; Joshua Richardson,, 1837 ; Section 29 — Isaac Crum, 1839 ; George Smith, 1834 ; John and Abe Prosser, 1839 ; William Hesse, 1837 ; Charles L. Hesse, 1837 ; Section 32— Robert McClung, 1837 ; Thomas Waltman, 1837 ; Section 33— Elias Weddel, 1836; S. S. Parsley, 1837 ; William Kennedy, 1839; Section 34— Curtis Maris, 1839; William Hodgin, 1839 ; Section 35— Eliakim Hamblen, 1834 ; Pleasant Hamb- len, 1836 ; Christopher Stump, 1834; Section 36 — James Taggart, No- vember 15, 1828 ; Samuel Smith, 1834 ; M. B. Weddel, 1884. Town- ship 10 north. Range 4 east, Section 4— Charles Walker, 1886 ; Henry Mowery, 1837 ; Elijah McEndree, 1838 ; Richard Lewis, 1836 ; Joseph Wheaton, 1887 ; Benjamin Phillips, 1887 ; William Wells, 1837 ; Zeph W. Baker, 1839 ; William Skidmore, 1886 ; George Botchford, 1887 ; John Wheaton, 1837 ; Section 5— Solomon Hicks, 1839 ; William Gil- laspy, 1839; William Handy, 1839; Section 6— J. S.. Rutherford, 1839 ; J. H. Smith, 1838 ; Leah Martin, 1834 ; Edward Duncan, 1884 ; William Duncan, 1836 ; Section 7— Elijah Bolander, 1839 ; Joseph Mc- Nichol, 1839 ; James Martin, 1836 ; Section 8— Sydney Hanks 1836 • HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. 743 W. W. Lyon, 1841 ; Section 9 — Aaron Hendrickson, 1838 ; Benjamin Harris, 1839 ; Fred Storch, 1839 ; Samuel Lewis, 1839 ; Sydney Hanks, 1836 ; Section 17— George Smith, 1839 ; Section 18— Abraham Mar- tin, 1837 ; Section 19 — Joseph Spangler, 1839 ; Section 20 (for schools) ; Section '21 — Joseph Anderson, 1837 ; J. R. Smith, 1837 ; Jacob Moxey, 1837 ; Section 28— Bennet Cardry, 1840 ; Section 31— Jesse Hamblen, 1837 ; Patrick Sullivan, 1829 ; James Taggart, Sr., 1834 ; Section 32— Daniel King, 1834 ; Section 33— Abe Waltz, 1840. This list includes many of the old settlers. INDUSTRIES, INCIDENTS, ETC. It is said the first mill in the county was built on Salt Creek, in this township, as early as 1827 by a man whose name is not remembered. It ceased running about 1835. Eliakim Hamblen built a water mill in about 1838, placing therein a good set of buhrs. He ground considerable grain for about six years. Thomas Waltman built a water saw mill a short distance east of Georgetown at an early day and operated it a few years. William Taylor built a water grist mill on Bean Blossom, also at an early day, and, it is said, continued it about five years. 'Scores of wolves were killed in the township in early years, the incentive being threefold: 1. The sport ; 2. To rid the country of the pests ; 3. To get the bounty ofiered by the County Board. Many bears have been killed in the town- ship. The dogs of Eliakim Hamblen one day treed a bear, and Mr. Ham- blen shot it from the tree. It was not killed by the shot or the fall, and sprang up to ran off, but was pounced upon by the dogs. In its efforts to get away, it ran over Mr. Hamblen, knocking him down. The animal was finally killed. The Kennedy corn-field had suffered from the depreda- tions of a bear, and young Stephen thought next night he would get up a tree and watch Mr. Bruin. The animal duly appeared for another feast on the green corn, but the boy was so scared that he called the dogs. Away the bear went with the dogs in pursuit. The pursuit could be heard all the remainder of that night, the deep baying of the hounds reaching a distance of over five miles. The next day the bear was shot near Needmore by Lloyd Brummet. Eliakim Hamblen went to a dear lick one night to get some fresh vension. After waiting some time he saw a panther approaching through the bushes, and, when close enough, he shot the animal dead. Log rollings and house or barn raisings were made very interesting in early years by the presence of many hardy men, plenty of whisky, and many handsome women, who gathered to do the cooking. Thomas McAdams, of Iowa, had this to say in 1878 of an incident which occurred in Hamblen Township : " It was common in those days, upon the arrival of a new-comer, to ascertain at once whether he had sand in his craw. To illustrate this, I will relate a circumstance which took place under my own eyes. The settle- ments on Bean Blossom and Salt Creeks were sparse at that time, and it was no uncommon thing for persons to go ten or twelve miles to a house- raising in 1837-38. The Prosser families moved to the vicinity of Georgetown, among them being old Uncle Billy Prosser, who was famil- iarly known as ' Billy Plumpsock.' He was a man fond of his cups, and usually got pretty happy whenever opportunity offered. A house, in 744 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. those days, could not well be raised ■without a big jug of whisky. Ho and I went to a raising at Jesse Richards', a few miles east of Oreorge- town, and the old man soon got lively and talkative, and somewhat boast- ful of his manhood. He being an entire stranger and new-comer, soon attracted the attention of the crowd. It was not long until I overheard a conversation by some of the party present, to the effect that as soon as the raising was over, old Johnny Stivers (a bluff, rugged, old man) should try Uncle Billy Plumpsock a twist. Being anxious to avoid any such trouble, because the old man had come with me, I took him to one side and undertook to tell him what was brewing, and try to get him to go home with me, but before I could finish telling my tale or persuade him off, he began to roll up his sleeves. He commenced walking before the crowd, swearing by all the saints that he was the veritable Plumpsock, and if any one in that crowd had any desire to test his muscle, to just step out and they would settle that while the house was being finished, so that all could be ready for supper at once ; but, suflSce it to say, no one there seemed anxious to try it on, and we got off without a scratch." SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. Hamblen Township has fourteen school districts. That number is certainly suflScient to supply the children with all necessary educational advantages. There are also five or six churches, so there is no reason why all may not belong to some religious class. The township is not sur- passed by any other subdivision of the county in these respects. So far as known, the first term of school was taught in the Taggart- Hamblen neighborhood about the time the county was organized, by a man named Edgington. The house had been used for a dwelling by some pioneer family, and when it was deserted it was fitted up and occupied for school purposes. A man named Rice was another early teacher in the township. John C. Marshall also taught in the southern part. In about 1837, the old log United Brethren Church was built on the Taggart farm, and this, for many years, was used as a schoolhouse ; in fact, the building was built as a combined church and schoolhouse. Schools were supported in that day largely by private expense. The only public money was from the sale of school lands. In 1840, the Township Treasurer received $19 from this fund, which was distributed to the four school districts which then comprised the entire township. In 1843, there were seven school districts, and the fund received amounted to $66.28. In 1850, there were ten school districts. A man named Washington (not the first occu- pant of the White House) was the first teacher in the old United Brethren Church. Among the members of this church were the families of Tag- garts, Duncans, Hamblens, Taylors, Kings, Hicks, Hemphills, Weddels and others. The building was burned down after a few years. Above there, a class of the Christian denomination was organized, the Walkers, Watsons, Chappels, Kirts and others belonging. The Methodists also had a class in the western part, among the members being the families of Mcllvains, Richardsons, Guys, Millsops and others. VILLAGES. Spearsville was named for William Spears, who founded it not far from 1835. If Mr. Spears kept a store therej such fact is not now > HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. 745 remembered. John S. Burns was selling goods there in 1837, and con- tinued for some time. He secured a post office, and attracted a black- smith to the spot. In 1838, George Sparks opened there a liquor and grocery store, his license being $15. Late in the forties, James Burnes became merchant there, with a stock of merchandise worth about $1,200. Henry Musselman was thus engaged in 1851, and onward for a few years. The village has usually had one store and about a dozen families. Cleona, Ramelton and Mt. Moriah Post Offices are in this township. POLL-TAX PAYERS OF 1848. George Anderson, Robert Allen, George Admire, Daniel Alexander, J. W. Applegate, John.Bleik, Henry Burton, Lewis Brummet, Acles Bickum, Joshua Brummet, Granville Brummet, Josiah Brummet, Charles Bolt, Thomas Card well, James Calvin, Blias Curry, Elijahr Curry, John Conner, John Calvin, John A. Coons, John A. Camp- bell, Peter Conner, Benjamin Comiford, John H. Colvin, David H. Chase, John Cordray, Thomas S. Colvin, William Cordray, Absalom Comiford, Besky Crumperg, Josiah David, Joshua Dean, Stephen Debord, Elias Downing, Jesse Duncan, Edward Duncan, William Dun- can, Fountain Devore, Cornelius Dine, Elaskin Dehart, Stephen Elder, Ananias Ellison, John Frod, Stephen Frod, James Frod, Anthony Fraker, Guthry Frod, Wilken Forester, M. Galoway, Preston Goforth, Tilmon Guy, John Griffin, Wylie Guy, Jackson Grums, James Griffin, John Gibson, James T. Gillaspy, Hiram Graves, Richard Goforth, W. E. Gillaspy, Michael Groves, Martin Hemphill, William Handy, Josiah Handy, Solomon Hicks, William Hogg, Pleasant Hamblen, Thompson Henry, Sydnor Hanks, Amos Hicks, Jesse Hamblen, Robert Hicks, Jr., Trueman Holeman, David L. Hamblen, Will- iam Henry, W. C. Hubbard, Levi Hatten, William Hamblen, S. Hubbard, John Jackson, Jr., Joshua Jenkins, Alfred King, John D. Kennedy, John King, William King, James Xeaton, Caleb Kennett, Stephen Kennedy, John H. Kennedy, Isaac King. James Legins, Henry Legins, George Lamb, Michael Lanegan, William Milnes, Elisha Mathis, George McKinny, John Millsop, James W. Mcllvain, Thomas Mcllvain, Mills Mcllvain, J. W. Markwell, Israel Mordie, William Marcum, Han- nibal I. Mead, James Murphy, Jame^ C. Parmelee, M. H. Parmelee, Solomon S. Parsley. D. I. Parsley, Abraham Prosser, Timothy Page, Hardy Pace, Franklin Pitcher, George Petro, Jonathan Pitcher, Z. R. Porter, Hiram Precise, Hugh Peck, Hugh Quinn, John Quinn, Dudley Richardson, Nathaniel Roberts, Jessie Richards, Isaac Redwine, George Ray, Mathew Redwine, Jesse Smith, W. L. Smith, Harrison A. Stiver, William Smith; Benjamin Steward, James Sparks, Adam Stilenbauer, David Scripter, George Scripter, C. W. Tucker, William N. Taylor, William Taggart, Archibald Taylor, William Thomas, Absalom Waltz, Samuel Walker, B. F. Walker, M. B. Weddel, Pleasant G. Wpddel, George White, William Wells. John Wells, William Waltz, Otho Wolf, Dawson Walker, Thomas Waltman, Jacob Wayman, Jonathan Watson, L. B. Walker, Charles Walker, James Wilkerson, Henry Weaver, Phil- lip Weaver, Defrius M. Watson, Solomon Wyatt, Hulett Wyatt, William Watson and Elas Weddel. The heaviest tax payers were John D. Ken- 746 HISTORY OP BROWN COUNTY. nedy, $10.30; William Murphey, Sr., $10.85; Thomas MuUiken, $11.- 83; James W. Mcllvain, $9.45; Abraham Martin, $8.67; James C. Parmelee, $11.85 ; Dudly Richardson, $8.52 ; William Taggart, $10.- 14. The number of polls was, 165; number of acres, 15,997.16 ; value of lands, $48,903 ; value of improvements, $27,305 ; value of personal property, $23,409 ; total value of taxables, $94,617 ; total tax, $809.14 ; delinquent tax and interest, $223,37 ; total tax, $1,032.51. VAN BURBN TOWNSHIP. THE ROCKS, TIMBER, STREAMS, ETC. IN several essential particulars, the surface and geology of this portion of Brown County differ from those of any other portion. The north- west part is on High or Central Ridge, just over the line being Weed Patch Knob, the highest point in the State. Two miles southeast of this is the Middle Fork of Salt Creek, flowing across the township in a south- westerly direction. One mile southeast of the creek begins an elevated plateau of a grayish soil, called lacustral loam, and here, with the exception of the usual branch bottoms, is the garden spot of the county. Along the eastern border of the township, this loam has been modified by fresh water deposits, thereby increasing its fertility, and is known as White Creek flats or slashes. On Buffalo Ridge, the wheat crops are habitually large and reliable. On Section 13 is a sandstone quarry, where stone of unusual hardness and durability is readily obtained. It is homogeneous, evenly bedded and easily quarried. Another quarry on Section 35 also furnishes good stone. Layers four feet thick are found ; also bands and concretionary nodules of excellent iron ore. Another val- uable quarry has been worked at Wadsworth's mill. The bed and bars of Hamilton Creek are covered with scales and small pebbles of silicious iron ore, washed down from the concretionary deposits of the shaly hills. Excellent fruit, such as peaches and apples, is raised in abundance, and is of superior quality. Very large quantities of tobacco are raised annually. THE SETTLEMENT BY WHITE MEN. White settlers were in this township as early as 1820, and by 1830 the log cabins were scattered in all directions. The bulk of the settlers, however, did not come until the decade of thirties. Natives of the Southern States largely predominated. Many were well bred and all were hospitable, as representatives of the South always are. Many left the South owing to their hatred of the institution of slavery. A sprink- ling of Yankees were among them — enough to give the Northern spirit to all public undertakings. The Hattens and the Hamptons were among the first in the township. A man named Bozwell was early also. James Taber, Thomas Brown, James Williamson were in the township during the twenties. The Grosses were early also. When a new settler appeared, the residents all turned out to help him raise his cabin. They often VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. . 747 •went miles to assist, as nearest neighbors were very often four and five miles apart. So glad were the settlers to see new families come in that they were always ready, not only to help them up with their buildings and to become comfortable, but, if necessary, provisions were given them, and their acquaintance was sought and, if deserving, contitmed. It was customary then to goto a neighbor's to spend the evenings; especially was this true in winter. The visits were always enjoyed. The 'great fire place, full of blazing logs, threw out its ruddy glow over the room and diffused warmth, light and comfort to all. A pailful of nice hickory nuts or a plate of choice apples would be brought out and would soon dis- appear under the fresh appetites sharpened with the sauce of neighborly good cheer, and the ride behind oxen over the frozen ground and through the frosty air. All was enjoyed to the best. After all, though the old settlers had many hardships to encounter and trials to undergo, did they not enjoy themselves as well, or better, than the present genera- tions. They were hearty, robust, and full of wild animal spirits, and the novelty of any and all gatherings was not such as we now know it. A person isolated from pleasures for a time was ready to fully appreciate and enjoy a holiday spent in the simplest manner. The appetite for enjoyment was not cloyed. The simplicity of pioneer life brought keenest enjoyment from simple things,, and the freedom from swiftly multiplying cares kept the faces clear of wrinkles, preserved the hair and ruddy face, and retained the springing steps and the upright figure. The pioneers were contented — were happy in. their lot— and as a result have bequeathed to their children sound mental and bodily organisms and good habits. , ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS. The township was one of the first four created in 1836, and was, of course, named in honor of Martin Van Buren, eighth President of the United States. Daniel Hedriek was the first Assessor of the township. Hiram Mabe and William Rippe were the first Overseers of the Poor. Hiram Mabe was also the first Constable. Hedriek was Assessor again in 1837. In 1838, Daniel Goss and James Williamson were Overseers of the Poor. Joseph Hurley and another were Fence Viewers; Jacob Lawless, !^nspector. The first elections — those of 1836 and 1837 — were held at the house of Cornelius Hurley. In 1839, Asa Hatten and James Williamson, were Overseers of the Poor ; Thomas Brown and James Tabor, Fence Viewers ; William Crouch, Inspector. John Hampton as- sessed the township in 1840, also in 1841. J. D. McKinney was paid $4 by the County Auditor in 1841 for four young wolf scalps. In 1842, John Davis and John Hampton were each paid $7 for seven young wolf scalps. In 1840, John Anderson was Constable ; Asa Hatten and Hiram Baker, Road Supervisors ; Thomas Brown and Job Mulliss, Over- seers of the Poor ; John Hill and William Bender, Fence Viewers ; Hiram Mabe, Inspector. In 1836, there were two road districts estab- lished in the township on the Spark's Ferry road, 1, from the Jack- son County line to Sections 13 and 14; 2, from Sections 13 and 14 to the boundary of the township (two miles farther north than the present bound- ary). Alfred Young was Superintendent of No. 1, with the following hands: John Hampton, Edward Ayres, Henry Ayres, Samuel Ayres, 748 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. Enoch Hampton, Ephraim Hatten, James Williamson, Asa Hatten, Will- iam Rippe, John Rippe, William Kenworthy and Thomas Polly. Cor- nelius Hurley was Superintendent of No. 2, with the following hands: Elias Matley, Stephen Matley, Hiram Mabe, Daniel Goss, Henry Bird, Thomas Brown, James Rippe, Jr., Arthur Rippe, Hiram Rippe, Levi Noblet, John Sinex and John Kenworthy. LANB ENTRIES. Township 7 north. Range 3 east. Section 11 — Benjamin Owens, 1833 ; John Hill, 1836 ; Section 12— John Wagoner, 1838 ; W. M. Evans, 1844, Alexander Fisher, 1844; Legrand Bozwell, 1844; Col- man White, 1843; David Wagoner, 1840. Township 8 north. Range 3 east ; Section 11 — ^John Davis, 1839 ; William Bender, 1836 ; Section 13— Stephen Matney. 1837 ; Jacob Byerly, 1839 ; Section 14— Cornel- ius Hurley, 1833 ; James Sullivan, 1833 ; George Sumner, 1839 ; W. F. Mabe, 1844; Hiram Mabe, 1833; Section 15 — Ambrose Cobb, 1844; Daniel Goss, 1839 ; Allen Whitehorn, 1844 ; Section 20 — Hiram Rippe, 1834 ; Section 21— Fred Goss, 1834 ; Section 22— Daniel Goss, 1839, Fred Goss, 1830; Section 25— John Hampton, 1832; J. M. Mabe, 1841 ; Section 28 — James Rippe, 1836 ; Arthur Rippe, 1836 ; Section 29— Levi Noblet, 1839; Section 32— Martin Tabor, 1844; Henry Hampton, 1844 ; Isaac Shipley, 1834 ; Section 33 — John Rippe, 1833 ; Section 34 — Samuel Hatten, 1844 ; James Williamson, 1836 ; Alfred Young, 1833 ; William Rippe, 1834 ; Section 35— Asa Hatten, 1834 ; Jonathan Hampton, 1836 ; Section 36 — Alexander Arthur, 1838, Joseph Gardner, 1838 ; Washington Dobson, 1844. Township 7 north, Range 4 east. Section 6— James Mullis, 1844, J. M. McCord, 1844; Section 8 — Dennis McMahon, 1844. Township 8 north. Range 4 east; Section 5 — David Crouch, 1840; Section 8 — Henry Bird, 1837; Joseph Hedrick, 1840, William Crouch, 1840; William Bender, 1840; William Ping, 1844; Section 17— Thomas A. Brown, 1837; Section 18— Granville Hedrick, 1841; Jacob Sawles, 1836 ; Daniel Hedrick, 1834 ; Ambrose Cobb, 1839 ; Ephraim Hurley, 1841; Section 20— Job Ping, 1844; Henry Bird, 1844: Sec- tion 28— W. C. Needham, 1844 , John D. Wormack, 1844. \ POLL-TAX PAYEES OF 1848. John Anderson, Edmund Ayers, I. C. Bender, Thomas Brown. Hiram Baker, Samuel Bird, Byron I. Barker, Legrand Bazwell, Henry Bird, David Crouch, William Crouch, Henry Cross, Asa Clark, Aaron Crouch, Moses Crouch, Ambrose Cobb, Hiram Crouch, Martin. Evans, Drury Elkins, Francis Elkins, James George, Elijah Graham, George Grosvenor, J. M. Hurley, Asa Hatten, Enoch Hampton, John Hill, Granville Hed- rick, Ephraim Hurley, George Hill, James D. Hurley, Ephraim Hatten, David M. Hurley, John Kenworthy, Ambrose Keelen, Jonathan Lucas, W. G. Lee, Jacob Lawless, James M. Mabe, Richard Mullis, John Mullis, Joshua Matney, Daniel Matney, W. F. Mabe, Joseph Merrit, James Mc- Kinney, Franklin Mullis, George Phillips, William Ping, Thomas Pruitt Paul Petro, Job Ping, Edmund Phigley, Serenus Ping, Richard Ping John Ping, Jr., William Reynolds, George Summa, William Smith VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 749 Fountain Sutherland, James Tabor, Martin Tabor, John Wagoner, James Williamson, H. C. Weddel, Allen Whitehorn, Coleman White, Nelson White, John D. Womack and Thomas Vance. The highest tax payers were I. C. Bender, $4.92 ; Thomas Brown, $5.82 ; David Crouch, $6.43; William Crouch, $4.37; Frederick Goss, $5.40; Cornelius Hurley, $5.50; Asa Hatten, $5.47 ; Jacob Lawless, $8.69 ; total number of polls, 70; acres of land 2,274.77; value of land, $4,211; value of improve- ments, $5,935 ; value of personal property, $9,069 ; total taxables, $19,215; total tax, $228.19; total delinquent tax and interest, $109.65 ; grand total tax, $387.84. VILLAGES. Christiansburg was founded by Thomas Carmichael about the year 1850. Calvin & Mann opened a large tannery there of about twenty vats. Sylvanus Manville opened a store there, with Lawson Hopper as clerk. In a short time, several families moved there, and a post ofiSce was secured. 'A store has been there the greater portion of the time since. Several churches are there, which are well attended. Pike's Peak was foundec^ about the time of the last war by James Ward, who opened a small store there. A post ofiBce was obtained, and a few families went there to live. New Bellsville was founded at a later date by Joseph Campbell. Buffalo started up about thirty years ago. It is said George Har- lan had the first store. Butcher & Bennington were there for a time. The village was quite prosperous for a time. The old Goss Saw Mill on Salt Creek, at Mt. Zion, was built during the thirties, and in an early day had a large patronage. William Crouch operated a mill in the township, beginning late in the forties. John Hampton shot a panther in about 1840. He found in the township a half eaten deer, covered with leaves, and, concealing himself, saw the varmint and shot it. William Rogers and Mary Ann Cobb were married by Squire Goss March 30, 1837. This was the first wedding in the township. SCHOOLS AND CHUKCHES. The township has fourteen school districts. The first term taught was in the southwestern part in a log schoolhouse, the Hamptons, Ayres, Browns, Tabors, Noblets, Hollens, Williamsons sending children. The first teacher was an Irishman named Sullivan. He was paid by subscrip- tion, and boarded around. The second school was taught near Christians- burg. In 1840, there were four school districts, and in 1850, seven. The old Shiloh Methodist Episcopal Church was organized before 1840, among the first members being the families of Hattons, Williamsons, Browns, Hedricks, Kenworthys, Ayres, Bailses, and others. The log church was built early in the forties, and was used not only for religious purposes, but for school purposes as well. Many an excellent term of school was held there. The Baptists had an early organization, the lead- ing members being the Noblets. Mr. Noblet was a minister of this church. The Campbellites organized a class in the southern part early in the forties. The Bozwells, Benningtons, Phillips, Bridgewaters, Gobies, Pruitts (three or four families) and others belonged. A church was built on the south line of the township. In later years, three or four churches have been erected, so that the township is now well supplied. JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 751 JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. THE SURFACE AND SOIL. THIS is the smallest subdivision of Brown' County. It comprises forty-eight sections in the southwestern part. The entire township, except about two sections in the northeast corner, lies within the Harri- son's Purchase, obtained from the Indians by the treaty of Fort Wayne in 1809. It is drained wholly by the Middle Fork of Salt Creek and its branches, Little Blue, Crooked, Grave and smaller creeks. On the northern boundary is High Ridge. The creek flows westwardly through the southern part, and its principal branches rise in High Ridge and flow southwardly. In this township considerable sandstone is foun^ upon the surface, lying scattered on the hillsides in great cubic or columnar form, and often presenting red furruginous or gray alluminous colors. The sandstone below this is often shaly, and disintegrates easily upon ex- posure. Much iron pyrites is found. The bottoms about Elkinsville are rich and productive with the wealth of the lacustral silt deposited by torrents down the hillsides. The geologic formation in a well at Elkins- ville is as follows : Alluvial soil 4 feet. Dark quicliBand 7 feet. Black and blue lacustral clay and silt, including wood and vegetable remains 9 feet. Total 20 feet. On the knob on Section 10 may be seen a few scattered fragments of Keokuk limestone which once covered the region, but which has since been washed away. They contain crushed specimens of zophrentis archimedes, and other bryozoans and crinoids. Excellent sandstone of the Knobstone beds is also found here in abundance. The water in past ages has washed out this stone and dressed it into cubes three and four feet through, and pillars three by four and twenty feet long. The soil is yet heavily timbered, though the best has been culled out for staves and other lumber. For a number of years the ax has been turned upon the numberless hickory saplings, hundreds of loads of which are annually sold for barrel hoops. Traces of gold have been discovered. Sulphuret of iron has animated the hopes of many a resident and seeker after sudden wealth. THE ERA OF SETTLEMENT. It is said that William Elkins was a resident of Johnson Township as early as 1819. One thing is certain, he was in the township to live be- fore the Indians were removed, which was done in 1821. Some state that his residence in the county dates further back than that — back to 1816 or 1817. It is told that he came directly from the block-house, which had been built in Lawrence County as a protection from the Indians during the war of 1812-15. That statement is currently made and believed, and if 752 HISTORY OF BROWN COUNTY. true, would fix the date of his settlement at about the year 1816, and cer- tainly not later than 1817. Some state that he was the first white man to live with his family in what is now Brown County. Others state that old man Schoonover, who located on the creek which bears his name (cor- rupted), in the western part of Washington Township, was the first in the county. The truth cannot be learned. It is certain that both were in before 1820, and very likely by 1817. Old David Johnson was another very early resident of the township. The date of his set- tlement cannot be given.- It should be remembered that the territory comprising Johnson Township (except a small portion of the northeastern corner), was obtained by cession treaty from the Indians in 1809, and that the old boundary line, which crosses the northeastern corner, was established at that date. The land was surveyed south of this line in 1812, and soon afterward was open to settlement. No settlers appeared except Blkins, and perhaps Johnson, until after 1820. Then a few fami- lies arrived, but no extensive settlement occurred until the decade of the thirties. LAND ENTRIES. Township 7 north. Range 1 east, Section 1 — Nelson Roberton, 1843; James Todd, 1844; Section 12— Hiram Butcher, 1844; John Griner, 1844 ; Township 7 north. Range 2 east, Section 2 — David John- son, 1834 ; Adam Fleetwood, 1833 ; Thomas Fleetwood, 1833 ; Henry Combs, 1837 ; Section 3— J. H.Alexander, 1843 ; David Sively, 1844 ; Isaac Fleetwood, 1844 ; Section 4 — Adam Fleetwood, 1834 ; G. W. Starnes, 1844 ; Isaac Fleetwood, 1844; Section 5 — D. M. Martin, 1839; Charles Holland, 1844 ; Section 6— William Burroughs, 1833 ; Arnold Helton, 1844 ; George Butcher, 1843 ; Section 7— David Sively, 1833 ; William Mitchell, 1844 ; Section 8 — Albert L. Gilstrap, 1834 ; Andrew Helton, 1839; Henry Clark, 1841; Section 9— Jerry Terrell, 1844; Henry Clark, 1841 ; Section 10 — Jacob Fleener, 1843 ; George Lutes, 1843; Jacob Fleener, 1843; Township 8 north, Range 2 east. Section 22 —John Huffman, 1838 : Section 25— William Stogdill, 1837 ; Zachariah Pauley, 1844 ; Section 32 — Isaac Hall, 1843 ; Section 33— Solomon Fleetwood, 1833 ; J. S. Arwine, 1844 ; Section 35 — Jerry Brannon, 1837 ; Section 36— A. T. Hazzard, 1837 ; Richard Elkins, 1844 ; Wil- liam Elkins, 1834. POLL-TAX PAYERS OF 1848. James Arwine, John S. Arwine, George Butcher, W. M. Crusenberry, James Chafin, Hezekiah Deckard, Nathan Davis, Joseph Elkins, Richard Elkins, Reuben Enes, James Fleetwood, Solomon Fleetwood, Samuel Fowler, Shadrack Fleetwood, Isaac Fleetwood, John Grimes, William Helton, Joseph Hedrick, Stephen Harper, John Hatchet, A. D. Hoag, Isaac Hall, Jacob Lutes, Amos Lawson, Thomas Lucas, William Mitchell, Nicholas Martin, Jackson Messer, Zachariah Polly, Lincoln Polly, James Polly, Thomas Polly, Asa Reeves, Alexander Ryans, Alfred Ramsey, William See, Enoch Sexton, Hiram Shipley, William Sullivan, Jonathan Sherrel, John Shipley, Ezekial Sullivan, John Scott, Jesse Shipley, Arthur Sutphin, Jeremiah Terrel, James Wilkenson, Hammond Wilkenson and Bird Wilson. The heaviest tax payers were Andrew Helton, $6.49 ; Lutes et al, $3.30; William Mitchell, $3.18; and Alfred Ramsey,$3.13. JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 753 The total number of polls, 50 ; number of acres, 1,210.43 ; value of land, ^2,584; value of improvements, $2,955; value of personal property, ^4,244; total taxables, $9,783 ; total tax, $141.29; delinquent tax and interest, $107.94 ; grand total tax, $249.26. INCIDENTS AND NOTES. " The first elections were held at the residence of Simon Weatherman in 1836, Ira Wilson being the Inspector. William Johnson and William Davis were the first Overseers of the Poor ; William FoUowell assessed the township in 1836, and Henry White in 1837, the latter receiving $3.50 for his work. George Orider was the first Constable. Jacob Hut- senpiller assessed the township in 1837, and James S. Woods in 1840. The first bounty for wolf scalps was paid to Andrew Todd. While hunting in the woods, he found a litter of five young wolves in an old hollow tree. He knocked them all in the head with lively satisfaction, scalped them with energy, and took the scalps to the County Auditor, who paid him $5. J. S. Woods assessed the township in 1841. He was also Constable this year, as was also W. H. Bradley. The elections for a year or two before 1845 were held at the house of William Sullivan, but in that year they were changed to the residence of A. Sutphin. In 1840, William Johnson and Andrew Todd were Overseers of the Poor; Arnold Helton and Thomas Polly, Fence Viewers ; Benjamin Chandler, Inspector ; James Fleetwood,. Zachariah Polly and James Bradley, Road Supervisors. The first marriage was that of William Elkins and Mary Polly, on the 20th of July, 1837, Nathan Davis, Justice of the Peace, officiating. The second was that of Dawson Debord and Mahala Woods, on the 4th of November, 1837, by Jacob Hutsenpiller, Justice of the Peace. No, the marriage of John Arwin to Miss "Mernervey" Quick, on the 4th of December, 1836, by Squire Nathan Davis, was the first in the township. BLKINSVILLB. This village is a creature of comparatively recent origin. It started up during the decade of fifties, and was named in honor of the first settler of the township and founder of the village. It is said that Butcher and Bennington opened the first store, and that a man named Morris was in with goods soon afterward. The village was so isolated from other villages that it had quite an extensive trade in early years. It was not long before blacksmiths and carpenters appeared, and soon the population could be numbered by the dozens. It is a thrifty little place. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND NASHVILLE. JESSE BROWN, farmer, is a native of Illinois, was born July 24, 1855, and is a son of John and Keturah A. Brown, the latter a native of Illinois, and both of English descent. John Brown received a limited education in youth in this State, whither he was brought in early life. He remained at home until his marriage, followed farming in Illinois after that event, but soon returned to Indiana, remaining in this State until his death in 1859. Jesse Brown was only four years old when his father died, and was obliged to depend on himself for education and livelihood as soon as able to acquire the same. In 1878, he engaged in the stave business, which he is yet carrying on. April 21, 1881, he mar- ried Mary W. Stull, a native of Ohio, with an issue of the following chil- dren: Ambrose Marting and Mary Alvie. Mr. Brown has upward of 900 acres, with the finest barn in the county, various improvements and considerable stock, all self-acquired, he having begun life dollarless. He is a Republican in politics, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and an influential, respected citizen. WILLIAM WESLEY BROWNING, editor of the Brown County Democrat, was born in Lawrence County, Ind. , July 1, 1831, and is the eldest of the nine children of Amasa and Mary (Winfrey) Browning, na- tives of Tennessee, and of English extraction. W. W. Browning was reared to farming, and attended the public schools, from which he learnnd sufficient to become a teacher. After his majority, he was en- gaged in mercantile business at Heltonville and at Smithville for about four years. In 1855-56, he studied law under ex-Gov. Dunning, of Bloomington; then removed to Bedford, practiced one year, and March 4, 1858, came to Nashville. Was a partner with Hon. James G. Hester, who was elected Judge in 1873. Mr. Browning continued the law un- til November 1, 1883, when he began work in the Clerk's office of this county. Juue 11, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, Twenty-second Indi- ana Regiment; was through the Missouri campaign, took typhoid fever and came home. In the spring of 1862, he enlisted 500 men, and was elected Captain of Company D, in the Eighty-second Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry; was injured by an exploding shell, at the battle of Resaca, soon after which he resigned. In 1870, he was elected Repre- sentative of this and Jackson County in the General Assembly, and was tendered the same in 1872, but refused. He has been a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church sixteen years, for four of which he Was an 758 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: itinerant. He is now Deputy Glerk and editor of the Democrat. Mr. Browning has been twice married, his first wife being Lucinda Dayton, who died April 23, 1878, leaving one child. July 1, 1878, he wedded Martha M. \^'atkins. Mr. Browning was Prosecuting Attorney of the Ninth Judicial District in 1874. JOHN B. CALVIN, dealer in hardware, furniture, undertakers' sup- plies, etc., was born in this county February 15, 1855, and is the eighth of the nine in family of Timothy D, and Mary (Middleton) Calvin, the former a native of Ohio, the latter of Indiana, and respectively of English and Irish descent. Timothy D. Calvin moved hither in 1854, and followed the tanning business for a number of years. John B. Cal- vin worked alike on the farm and in the tanyard until he reached man- hood, when he engaged in the harness business with his brother on a joint capital of $100. The business grew so fast, however, they were compelled to build a larger place to house their increasing stock, and now they have one of the best stores in the county. January 28, 1878, he married Miss Carisadie Reddick, which union was graced by two chil- dren, only one of whom lived to be named — Dennis J. (born May 17, 1882). Mr. Calvin is a stanch Democrat in politics, but withal an amiable gentleman and honored citizen; also a practical business man and successful merchant. JOHN W. CARTER, teacher, was born May 29, 1851, in Belmont County, Ohio,, and is the fourth in the family of Ephraim and Nancy (Willison) Carter, the former a native of New Jersey, the latter of Penn- sylvania, and respectively of Scotch and German extraction. John W. came to this county with his parents when two years old. Here he was reared, and here they made their home, where he remained until he be- came of age, at which period he attended the Central Normal Schc>ol at Danville, and later that at Valparaiso, which fitted him to be a teacher, which profession he entered upon in 1871, in Morgan County. He has taught nine terms in this county, and is an energetic and efficient in- structor. During summer he assists his father in his farm work, and is a good manager and agriculturist. He is politically a Democrat, a pub- lic-spirited, influential citizen, and one of the coming men of this por- tion of the commonwealth. 1^' ISAAC CHAFIN, County Recorder, is a native of this countv, was born October 11, 1849, and is the sixth of eight children born to James and Sarah (Hall) Chafin, both natives of Kentucky, who moved hither about 1843, remained a short time, then moved to Missouri, and came again to ythis county, where Mr. Chafin died about 1853. Isaac Chafin was reared as a farmer, attended the common schools, and one year at Clear Springs, after which he commenced teaching. February 14, 1878, he married Miss Mary C. Woods, a native of this county, and to them have been born three children— John B., Herma E. and Sarah I. Mr. Chafin is owner of a good |arm, one best adapted to stock-raising, but making a comfortable home. He has also some property in Nash- ville. He is a Democrat; was elected Recorder of this county in 1876, and re-elected in 1880. He is a public-spirited and liberal citizen; also a member of the .Methodist Episcopal Church South, and Mrs. Chafin is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. ABRAHAM T. CLARK, farmer, was born in Fayette County, Penn., November 9, 1818, and is a member of the family of Enos and Anna Clark; the former a native of Maryland, the latter of Pennsylvania. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND NASHVILLE. 759 Abraham T. Clark acquired a good education in his birth State, and when nineteen years of age moved with his father to Ohio, and afterward traveled through several States and Territories. At the age of thirty-two, he Uiarried Miss Jane, daughter of Edward and Jane Broom, and a native of Ohio, and by this union were produced ten children, of which number are living six sons and one daughter. Mr. Clark has been a member of the Board of Education and Justice of the Peace. In 1858, he came to this county, and purchased a farm in this township, where he now resides in comfort and independence. He is a Master Mason, of Lodge 135, and an esteemed and trusted citizen. Benjamin Claek is a native of this county, came into this life Novem- ber 6, 1863, a son (if Abraham T. Clark, and engaged in saw milling in the eastern part of this township, having one of the best mills of the county, and doing a large business. He is an advocate of Democracy and temperance, and among the most prominent young men of the county. JUDGE KICHARD L. COFFEY was born in Monroe County, Ind., May 7, 1835. He is -the eldest son and the fourth child of the seven children born to Lewis and Harriette E. (Powell) Coffey, natives of North Carolina. He was reared on a farm three miles west of Elletts- ville, and received the rudiments of his education in the district schools. In the fall of 1850, he entered Franklin College, at Franklin, Ind. , stud- ied two years; then clerked for Helton & Dodds, general merchants of Bloomington, Ind. From the fall of 1853 to the fall of 1854, he taught school in Owen County, and in November, 1854, married Margaret, daughter of Lorance Lytton, a pipneer of Spencer, Ind. To this union was born one child — Annie E. He then farmed in Monroe County until the death of his wife, which occurred in January, 1857. Soon after this event he traded his farm for land in Iowa; at once went there; re- mained a short time, and then went to Gentry County, Mo. , where he taught school one term, returning to Monroe County, Ind., and teaching during the winter of 1857-58. In the spring of 1858, he entered the law oSce of Gov. Paris C. Dunning; was admitted to the bar in the fall of the same year; entered the Law Department of the State University, and graduated March 1, 1859. He immediately went back to Gentry County, Mo. ; taught school until the spring of 1861, and then entered apon the practice of law in what was known "as Smithville, Mo. , where he was soon appointed Commissioner of Worth County, to settle the af- fairs between it and Gentry County, the two having just been divided. In the fall of 1861, he returned to Owen County and taught school un- til the spring of 1864, when he married Martha F., daughter of E. F. Faulkner. During the winter of 1864^65, he taught school in Nashville, and also entered in legal practice. In the spring of 1865, his wife died. December 7, 1865, he married Julia M., daughter of Dr. William M. and Lucy J. Mason, early settlers of Nashville. By this marriage, he became the father of four children — William, J. Hill, Lucy and Rich- ard. He was shortly appointed by Gov. Baker Common Pleas Judge of the district composed of Shelby, Johnson, Morgan, Monroe and Brown Counties, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge Wollen; «t the general election, in 1870, was elected, and in 1872 re- elected to fill said office, which he filled until it was abolished by the Legislature. In 1878, he was elected Senator for the district composed of Brown and Bartholomew Counties; served four years, and then re- sumed the practice of the law. In 1876, he was commissioned, by Gov. 760 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Hendricks, Marshal, in and for the Third Congressional District, Indiana, and charged with the duties required by an act entitled " An act to pro- vide for electing Electors lor President and Vice President of the United States," approved May 20, 1852. He also served as a member of the State Democratic Central Committee, from June, 1870, to June, 1872. He is at present Town School Trustee, and has filled the position eight years. While Senator, in 1879, he was on the following committees: Elections, Organization of Courts, Banks, Phraseology (Chairman), Ar- rangement, Enrollment of Bills, Unfinished Business, and also on the Joint Standing Committee on Enrolled Bills; in 1881, on Organization of Courts, Banks, Federal Eelations, Rights and Privileges of the Inhab- itants of the States, and on Legislative Apportionment. Judge Coffey is a Freemason, an Odd Fellow, and a member of the Presbyterian Church. GEORGE W. CORNELIUS was born December 29, 1838, in Wayne County, Ind., and is the third of the ten children of Benjamin and Letitia (Wilson) Cornelius, the former a native of Virginia, the latter of Kentucky, and both now deceased. George W. Cornelius was reared on a farm, obtained a fair education, and, with his parents, came to this county in 1856. February 13, 1861, he married Miss Susan J. Pogue, a native of this county. In 1876, Mr. Cornelius moved to Nashville, was elected Trustee of Washington Township, and re-elected in 1878. In 1879, he commenced the mercantile business, . in which he is yet en- gaged, and also is Treasurer of the School Board. He is owner of eighty acres, some town property, and a half interest in a drug and grocery store with T. D. Calvin. Mr. Cornelius is a liberal Democrat and a valued citizen. Timothy D. Calvin was born June 28, 1858, in this county, a son of Timothy D. and Mary (Middleton) Calvin, the former a native of Ohio, the latter of Illinois. Our subject grew to manhood in this town, at- tended school at Bloomington and Terre Haute, and has taught eight terms of school in this county. November 14, 1880, he purchased a drug store, where he keeps a good line of general wares. In 1879, he began a hardware store with his brother, but sold his interest to his father afterward, and devotes his energies and time to his present busi- ness. November 19, 1880, he married Miss Linda Ferguson, from which alliance has sprung two children — Notie and Otis W. Mr. Calvin has a oozy farm of forty acres, also a good town property. He is a Democrat and a worthy citizen ; Mrs. Calvin is a member of the M. E. Church. WILLIAM L. COX, attorney at law, was born July 28, 1838, in Monroe County, Ind., and is the second son of John B. and Barbara (Ledgerwood) Cox, natives of Bast Tennessee. John B. Cox was born in 1812, moved to Monroe County in 1828, and is now residing in Ben- ton Township. He is owner of 280 acres ; is a Missionary Baptist min- ister since 1838, and has preached in this and adjacent counties. He was married a second time, the bride being Miss Martha Moser, with an issue of ten children. William L. Cox was reared a farmer, attended school and became a teacher; afterward attended college at Bloomington for one year, and in 1864 began his studies in law with W. H. Bain- bridge, and was the same year appointed school examiner, in the inter- vening time continuing the study of law. September, 1867, he resigned his position and was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of this county, re-elected in 1870, and held the same until 1875, when he engaged in practice as a lawyer, making probate and civil cases a specialty. Octo- WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND NASHVILLE. 761 ber 18, 1866, he married Miss Parmelia Bartholomew, which union pro- duced four sons — George W., Nathaniel D., William Fuller and an in- fant. Mr. Cox is a member of the Masonic Order up to the Eoyal Arch, a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. WILLIAM DAY, grocer and Trustee of Washington Township, was born January 27, 1838, in Delaware County, Ohio, and is the first son of Cresley and Celinda (Reynolds) Day, both natives of Ohio and now de- ceased. William Day was reared to farming, which he followed in his birth State, and in 1873, located near Nashville. October, 1861, he en- listed in Company F, Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, served three years and three months, and was at Shiloh, Perryville and Stone Eiver, where he received a flesh wound in the shoulder. Eejoining his regi- ment, he fought at Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Mission Eidge, Dalton, Eesaca, and the Atlanta campaign, being discharged December 15, 1864. October 15, 1865, he married Miss Viola A. Serels, which union was crowned by five children — Nettie B., Ettie D., Eva J., Ellie M. andNeo- ma A. November, 1882, he moved to this town and engaged in his pres- ent business, in which he has a good trade, carries a large stock and has been very successful. Mr. Day is a member of the G.. A. E., of the Re- publican party; was elected Trustee of Washington Township in 1880, and is an upright, esteemed citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Day are members of the Christian Church. JOHN DEIST, farmer, is a native of Germany, was born February 14, 1883, whose parents were Conrad and Mary S. Deist, both of them natives of Germany and of German extraction. Conrad Deist was en- gaged on a farm until 1814, at which time he became a soldier in the wars of that period between France and his native land, part of the serv- ice being spent on land as a husbandman. He was mainly a herder, and died January 3, 1872, aged seventy-seven, a member of the Reformed Church, as was his wife. John Deist obtained a good education in the fatherland, remained at home until he was twenty, when he emigrated to New York, remained two years, moved to Wheeling, W. Va., thence to Ohio, where he lived for ten years, and finally to this county, where he purchased a farm and still resides. February 25, 1857, he married Elizabeth Glaus, a native of Pittsburgh, Penn., by which union they were given one son and three daughters. Mrs. Deist left the world April 7, 1862. After this event Mr. Deist wedded Louisa C. Faber, of Ohio, which union was honored by three sons and four daughters, of whom Henry C. Deist is one of the ablest of the county's teachers. Mr, Deist is a Democrat, has served as County Commissioner, and he and lady are members of the Presbyterian Church. ALEXANDER DUNCAN, farmer, is a native of Stokes County, N. C. ; was born January 29, 1815, the son of Alamanda and Susanna (Vaughn) Duncan, natives respectively of Virginia and North Carolina. The father of our subject learned the occupation of shoe-making, and followed the same forty years, but after man'iage he engaged in farming and so continued until his decease. Our subject worked for his father on the farm until he was united in wedlock, which event took place November 17, 1837, the bride being Sarah P. Eeddick, a native of the " Old North State." To this union were granted fourteen children, of whom two sons and eight daughters are living. In 1889, he moved to this State, and remained some time in Fayette County; then moved to Marion County, where he resided twenty years, and thence to this coun- 762 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: ty, March 23, 1860, where he purchased a farm and made a home. Mr. Duncan is a time-honored member of the Freemasons, and one of the oldest citizens of the county toward which he has done so much. He is now in his seventieth year, and a greatly esteemed citizen. HON. W. C. DUNCAN is a son of Alexander Duncan and Sarah F. Dun- can, both of whom are still living at their old home, six miles southwest of Nashville, in Brown County, Ind. Both the father and mother were born, reared and married in North Carolina; after this marriage they re- moved to Indiana, settling for a time in Fayette County; soon thereafter they removed to Marion County, where W. C. Duncan was born on the 24th of June, 1851, and is the ninth child in a family of fourteen chil- dren, consisting of five boys and nine girls. On the 23d of March, 1860, with his father's family, he came to Brown County and settled upon a farm six miles southwest of Nashville. Here he was brought up in habits of industry, honesty and frugality. He early evinced a desire for knowl- edge, and obtained the rudiments of a good education in the common schools, as taught in District No. 11, of Washington Township. He com- menced teaching in the common schools of the county at the age of eight- een, and continued to teach and labor upon the farm until the 24th of June, 1871, when, having accumulated enough money to pay his way for a considerable time in school, he was examined and admitted to the Freshman class in the Indiana State University at Bloomington. He at- tended college regularly for more than two years, until, after entering and attending one term of his junior year, he was again compelled to seek employment as a teacher to supply himself with the necessary funds to further prosecute his studies. But while out of college he continued to study, and before the end of the year returned, and with his class passed examination, and entered the Senior class. Graduating in 1875, for one year he engaged in teaching, and returned in 1876, and entered the Law Department. But in the winter of 1877, he again taught school for a term. In the spring of 1877, he re-entered upon the study of his chosen profession, the law, in the office of Eichard L. Coffey, in Nashville. Here he continued until the winter of 1878, when he en- tered upon the practice, in partnership with W. W. Browning, at Nash- ville. On the 28d day of April, 1878, he was nominated by the Democ- racy of the Ninth Judicial Circuit for Prosecuting Attorney for the counties of Bartholomew and Brown, and in October following was elected to that office, and entered upon his duties on the 22d day of Oc- tober, 1879. During most of his term of office he resided in Bartholo- mew County, and became largely and favorably known to the people of that county. In November, 1881, after the expiration of his term of office, he again resumed regular practice at Nashville, and on the 17th of June, 1882, he was nominated by the Democrats of Bartholomew, Brown and Monroe, as a candidate for State Senator, and after one of the most heated campaigns ever known, was in the fall of that year elected State Senator, and was a member of the Legislature of 1883, in which he dis- tinguished himself by his industry, courage and integrity. His votes will all be found consistently in favor of a strict construction oE the con- stitution; of the largest amount of personal liberty of the citizens con- sistent with the public good; of liberal support of the State's great char- ities and benevolent institutions and universities, and other educational facilities. He was likewise always found ag earnestly opposing jobs, schemes, subsidies and all repressive legislation. Although next°to the WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND NASHVILLE. 763 yoTiDgest member of the Senate of 1883, he was accorded recognition as one of the most determined and energetic members of that body. Mr. Duncan is the senior member of the firm of Duncan & Percifield, now engaged in the practice of law at Nashville. On July 26, 1880, he was married to Jennie Buskirk, a daughter of Michael Buskirk, now of Clay County, Ind. Two little girls — Edith and Jessie — have been born of this union. Mr. Duncan claims for himself nothing bat the ability and willingness to workwith devoted energy for whatever cause he may es- pouse. He is the architect of his own fortune, and is in every sense a self-made man. He is a man of strong convictions and firm friendship. If at times he appears reticent and unwilling to express his preferences, it is not because he lacks courage or convictions. He always abides his time. He never fritters away his opportunities. Mr. Duncan is now but thirty-two years of age, and few men so young have accomplished so much as he, or seen so much of life and honor. WILLIAM GEARY, miller, first saw the light of earth in this county; was bom June 20, 1854, and is a son of Josephus and Betsey (Stump) Geary, both natives of Kentucky, and respectively of English and En- glish-Irish descent. Mrs. Betsey Geary is yet living, aged fifty-seven, and a devoted member of the Christian Church. William Geary re- ceived a very limited education in boyhood, and when fourteen years of age he commenced working in a mill, and in this occupation he has since been engaged. March 20, 1879, he married Mary E. Shepherd, daughter of Richard and Sarah Shepherd, and a native of Belmont County, Ohio. As a result of this union, three children have been born to them — one eon and two daughters. Mr. Geary is now operating a flouring-mill and a saw-mill, ^nd both very successfully. He is one of the leading citizens and representative men of the township. CHARLES GENOLIN is a native of this township; was born May 10, 1862, and is a son of John Genolin, of Marseilles, France, born 1812, who emigrated during boyhood to the United States, and August 10, 1840, married, in Connecticut, Elizabeth Clark, and they located in this county in 1851, where Mr. Genolin engaged in trade and died April 24, 1874. He was an afiectionate father and husband, and a worthy cit- izen. Charles Genolin was reared to manhood in his birthtown, and has been engaged in various branches of business, he having natural execu- tive ability, and being a born merchant. With a small inheritance from his father's estate, he has made his way to a position of pride and pros- perity. He is a member of the Democratic party and an active politician, a correspondent for several local newspapers, and is a promising young man with a cloudless future. JOHN F. GENOLIN, M. D., is the fourth of the ten children of John and Elizabeth (Clark) Genolin, the former a native of France, the latter of Ireland, who located in this county in the early time, where Mr. Genolin was successfully engaged in the mercantile business until 1874, when he left the world; Mrs. Genolin now resides in Nashville. Dr. John F. Genolin was born in Nashville, Ind., July 18, 1854, where he attended school and assisted his father until his majority, at which time he entered the office of Dr. Phillips, at Nashville, and assiduously de- voted himself to the study of medicine. Two years later, he entered the Vanderbilt Medical University, whence he graduated in 1877, with the ad eundem degree of doctor of medicine. He then opened an office in Nashville, and has continued the practice successfully, his consultation 764 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: business being especially large. September 15, 1881, he married Miss Susie E. Walton, a native of Ohio, a marriage which gave issue to two children — Verna and an infant. Dr. Genolin is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, and an uncompromising Republican. In 1880, he was commissioned Postmaster at Nashville, but resigned in 1882. He is an esteemed and honored citizen. CHARLES GIBSON, merchant, is a native of Greene County, Tenn., and is the yonngest of the four children of John and Elizabeth (Russell) Gibson, the former a native of Tennessee, the latter of North Carolina, and both of Irish extraction. John Gibson was a hero of the war of 1812. Charles Gibson first saw the world's light February 13, 1835, was reared to farming, began as a teamster when t«n years of ago, and followed the same until he was twenty-three, having labored in North and South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia and Kentucky. September 17, 1857, he married Sarah E. Kelton, a native of Virginia. Eleven children hallowed their union, of which nine were named James D., William I., Alice, Ida M., Dora, Emma, Charlie, Clara and John. From 1858 to 1862, he was exclusively a farmer, but was then obliged to leave Tennes- see. Mr. Gibson then moved hi ther and one year later brought his fam- ily, they located in Johnson and later in this county, where he farmed, and subsequently went into business in this town, having begun the same with a cash capital of $50. Now he carries a $4,000 stock, and owns some good property. Mr. Gibson is a Freemason, is a Republican, has been School Trustee and Councilman, and was commissioned Post- master December 18, 1882, which he now retains. Mr. and Mrs. Gibson are members of the Presbyterian Church. WILLIAM GRIFFIN, farmer, was born in Decatur County, Ind., October 13, 1843, and is a son of David D. and Parmelia (Johnson) Griffin, the former a native of Indiana, the latter of Kentucky, and of English and German descent respectively. David D. Griffin remained with his parents until his marriage, December 14, 1841. After the death of his wife, in 1865, Mr. Griffin wedded Mary A. Rush; this lady also ■ died, after which he was joined to Rebecca A. McBlroy. He was a minister; took his death-cause from exposure while holding meetings, and died December 7, 1883. William Griffin remained at home until his eighteenth year, when he entered Company C, Twenty-second Indiana Volunteer Regiment; served four years, and was severely wounded. He married Miss Susanna, daughter of William K. Rogers, and a native of this county, to which union were decreed ten children. In connection with his fine farm of upward of 350 acres, he is largely interested in handling stock. Be is a Republican by political preference, a liberal and enlightened citizen, and he and Mrs. Griffin are members of the Christian Church. ELIAKIM HAMBLEN, farmer, was born October 22, 1832, in Hamblen Township, of what was known as Bartholomew, now a part of Brown County, Ind., and is the eldest of eight in the familv of Jesse and Rachel (Hamblen) Taggart, the former a native of Virginia, the lat- ter of Tennessee, both of Irish extraction. Jesse Hamblen came to this region about 1825, and after marriage settled where he now resides. The grandfather of our subject, Eliakim Hamblen, was the first Repre- sentative in the State Legislature from this county, in 1838. Our sub- ject was reared to farming, and received a primitive education, and re- mained at home until he was twenty-four years old, after which he made WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND NASHVILLE. 765 a beginning in life, which has so far been prosperous. May 31, 1855, he married Miss Elizabeth Musser, which has given being to two chil- dren — Rachel and Caroline. Mr. Hamblen is owner of 670 acres, most of which is choice land, making a very comfortable possession. He is a Democrat, and was elected Clerk of the court of this county, in 1874; re- elected in 1878, arid has held various offices besides. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and he and wife^ are adherents of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. CARTER V. HARRISON, a leading county instructor, was born February 23, 1856, in Bartholomew County, Ind., the ninth of the twelve children of Carter and Julia A. (St. Clair) Harrison, natives of Kentucky. Carter Harrison moved to Bartholomew County in 1839; he resides in Harrison Township. In 1867, his wife died, and he wedded Barbara Matson, by which union they had seven children. Carter V. Harrison was reared and grew to man's estate on a farm, received a good public and normal-school education, and is now teaching his ninth term, with satisfaction to the counties of Brown and Bartholomew and credit to himself. December 25, 1879, he married Miss Roselpha A. Young, to which union were born two children — Arnetta J. and Bertha L. Mr. Harrison is a Democrat in political conviction, an energetic gentleman, and a useful citizen. He moved to this county in 1880, to Nashville in 1883, and was chosen Deputy Auditor in June of that year. Mr. and Mrs. Harrison are members of the church, he of the Christian and she of the Methodist Episcopal Church. STEPHEN A. KENNEDY, farmer, is a native of East Tennessee; was born October 17, 1826, and is the second of eleven children born to John D. and Mary K. (Alexander) Kennedy, natives of East Tennessee, and of Scotch-Irish extraction, who emigrated to this county in 1837, and here lived until overtaken by death, November 19, 1864. He was owner of 240 acres, and had served as County Assessor. Stephen A. Kennedy was a farmer's boy with high educational aspirations, which he accomplished sufficiently to tfeach a school. June, 1846, he enlisted in Company E, Third Indiana Volunteers, bound for Mexico under Capt. Taggart, and was absent twelve months; he was a participant at the battle of Buena Vista. On returning Lome he Resumed farming, and was elected in 1856 and re-elected in 1858 Sheriff of this county, which posi- tion he retained until 1860, at which period he prepared to enter the service again. July 11, 1861, he enlisted in Company E, Twenty- second Indian^, Volunteer Infantry, and took part in the battles of Pea Ridge, Stone River, Mission Ridge and others, having been commissioned Sec- ond Lieutenant, as which he resigned April, 1864. In 1876, lie was again elected Sheriff and re-elected in.l878. July 26, 1847, he married Susanna Taggart, and has had born to him seven children — James W., John E., Margaret E., William M., Patterson S. (deceased), Wesford L. (deceased) and Cordelia (deceased). Mr. Kennedy is an Odd Fellow, a Democrat and a Prohibitionist. SAMUEL KENT, miller, is a native of Belmont County, Ohio, was born June 14, 1825, and is a son of John and Lovicia (Barker) Kent, both natives of Pennsylvania, the former of German, the latter of En- glish-Welsh descent. John Kent emigrated to Ohio and married, in Bel- mont County, where he farmed for a number of years, and in 1852 ended his days. He and wife were members of the Christian Church. Samuel Kent was given the usual school education, and lived at home until he 766 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: reached his majority. April 2, 1846, he married Miss Frances, daughter of Jacob and Martha Sill, and a native of Monroe County, Ohio, and to their union were decreed thirteen children. Mr. Kent had previously learned the millwright and milling business, and is now following the latter in company with one of his sons, Marion Kent, they owning the Kent Mill, one of the best in the county. Mr. Kent is a Bepublican, politically, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. WESLY KIRTS, farmer, is a native of Hamblen Township, Brown Co. , Ind. , was born August 22, 1836, and is a son of James and Rachel (King) Kirts, the former a native of Tennessee, the latter of Kentucky, and both of German descent. James Kirts was married in this State when eighteen years old, whither he had come some time before; pur- chased a farm in this county, of which he is an old settler. Wesley Kirts received a good school education, and remained with his parents on the home farm until his twenty-third year. March 13, 1859, he married Elsie Jane Henderson, which union was honored by six children. Mr. Kirts is a practical farmer, owning 296 acres of land on Salt Creek, and in addition operates a saw mill, at which he has been engaged for two years, and had followed thrashing for twenty-five years previously. He is a Democrat in politics, and. an influential citizen and excellent busi- ness man. Mr. and Mrs. Kirts are members of the Southern Methodist Church. THOMAS C. McGLASHAN, teacher, is a native of Noble County, Ohio, was born October 20, 1847, and is a son of James and Phebe (Fisher) McGlashan; the former a native of the Scotch Highlands, the latter of Pennsylvania. James McGlashan, when sixteen years old, went to Glasgow, where he learned the trade of a fuller and dyer; served three years and then moved to Edinburgh, where he remained until the age of twenty-one, at which time he embarked for America, remained in New "York a short time, then moved to Pittsburgh, traveling from Phila- delphia on foot, where he worked at his trade some years; he then settled in Ohio, followed his trade, and finally endfed his days in Noble County in 1878; both he and wife were members of the Presbyterian Church. Thomas C. McGlashan attended the ordinary schools and also several normal schools, and commenced the business of teaching about 1863, taught twelve years, then came to this State, where he has steadfastly followed his profession. March 29, 1868, he married Miss Mathie J., daughter of John Johnson, and a native of West "Virginia. Three chil- dren have succeeded these nuptials — Lillie C, Frank and Mary E. Mr. McGlashan is a Democrat, a temperance advocate, and he and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. WILLIAM M. MASON was born in Madison County, Ky., May 19, 1815, and when quite young, accompanied his father, Edwin, to Law- rence County, Ind. Edwin Mason's family consisted of himself, Nancy J. (his wife) and three children— Williani M. being the eldest child. There were also born to Edwin and Nancy J., in Lawrence County, ten children, making in all thirteen — seven boys and six girls. William M. Mason was reared a farmer. He married Lucy J. Clark in Washington County, Ind., September 5, 1836, at which time he was engaged in the grocery business, in Bedford, Ind., which he conducted five years. In Bedford he studied medicine under his father-in-law, Dr. Alexander Clark, and under Dr. Winthrop Foot, and he there began practice. In 1840, he came to Nashville, where he had a successful practice, and was WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND NASHVILLE. 767 the second physician in the county, On the first Monday in December, 1846, he took his seat in the Tliirty -first General Assembly^ of Indiana, as Representative from Brown County. At the general election of 1848, he was elected Clerk of Brown County Circuit Court, for a term of seven years, and at the same time elected Coianty Recorder for a tike period. In 1855, he was re-elected for four years. After the expiration of his term of office, he practiced law until his death. At the time he came here the country was a vast wilderness, and his was the fourth family to settle in the town. They had to go twenty miles for groceries and other supplies, the difierent families taking turns in making the trip. In the year 1844, he erected a large two-story frame building, and subsequently opened a hotel, which his widow is still conducting. He has born to him nine children, as follows: Emily (deceased), Julia M. (now Coffey), Volney (a Captain in the late war, now deceased), Edwin, Jane, James M.) Mai'tha L., William A. and Hughes. Hughes Mason, merchant, was born in Nashville, Brown County, Ind., October 16, 1858, and is the youngest of nine children of William M. and Lucy J. (Clark) Mason, natives of Kentucky and Connecticut respectively. Our subject was reared in Nashville, where he obtained a good common school education. February 14, 1874, he embarked in life for himself; having natural business qualifications, be began the grocery business, on a capital of 1260, $150 of which was borrowed. So attentive was he to business, and of such genial disposition toward customers, that he at once controlled a steadily increasing trade; he was soon compelled to extend his rooms, and with this larger room, his business so rapidly increased that he was enabled to add a stock of dry goods ; not long after this he added hats and caps; then boots and shoes, and lastly, clothing. In the progress of his work, he gained the entire confidence of his many customers, and such was his trade that, in the fall of 1882, he was com- pelled to enlarge his capacity for goods, and hence built a large two-story frame building, and to this he transferred his entire stock of general merchandise, having also rented a room for a stock of drugs. So rapidly did he increase his trade that, in the year of 1882, his sales amounted to $32,500, of which all started from a capital of $260. April 10, 1883, he was married to Miss Nora F. Johnson, a native of Spencer, Ind. Thus has Mr. Mason been the architect of his own fortune; the recipient of no 'gratuities, and it may be truthfully written of him that he is a self-made, energetic, enterprising business manager, and success -will inevitably crown his eflforts wherever he goes. SIMON P. NEIDIGH is a son of John Neidigh and Nancy Neidigh, whose maiden name was Nancy Stover. Both the father and mother are of German families. John Neidigh is a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1817. Nancy Neidigh was born in 1827, in the State of Maryland. While quite young and before marriage, both emigrated from their native States to the State of Ohio, where they became acquainted and were mar- ried. In 1841, they removed from the State of Ohio, and settled in what was then a wilderness, but where they now reside, near the center of Jackson Township, Brown County. It was upon the farm thus settled that the subject of this sketch was born on the 28th day of October, 1851, the second child in a family of eight children, consisting of four boys and four girls, all of whom are still living. It was here, upon a Brown County farm, that Simon P. Neidigh was reared up amid sterling habits of industry, economy and integrity; which traits of character have fol- 768 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: lowed him into manhood, and have been his chief agencies in making his life work a sucoess. At the old preoincfc sshoolhouse near by, in Jackson Township, he received the rudiments of a good English education, uuder all the trying difficulties which then beset a Brown County boy in pursuit of knowledge, such as short terms of school, and some years none, rude and uncomfortable schoolhouses, hard, backless benches and inefficient teachers. At the age of twenty years, he entered as a student in the high school at Bloomington, Ind. , and pursued his studies with marked success for one year, qualifying himself to engage with unusual suc- cess in the profession of teaching, which he followed until he secured a com- petency to enable him to further pursue his studies, when he matriculated as a student at the Northern Indiana Normal at Valparaiso, Ind., where he continued to attend and alternately to teach until the spring of 1881, when he graduated at that institution with marked distinction. Imme- diately thereafter, he returned to his own county, and the Trustees of the various townships of Brown County, recognizing in him a thorough teacher and live educator, on the 6th of June, 1881, elected him to the office of County Superintendent of Schools. This office he filled with such general satisfaction to both teachers and parents that at the expiration of his first term in 1883, he was unanimously re-elected to the County Superintendency, which office he now holds. As the leading school officer of the county, he has manifested fine abilities as an executive officer and organizer of school 'work. Both teachers and pupils have received the impress of his genius, and the standard of the common schools of Brown County has been elevated during his administration. He has organized, for the benefit of teachers and schools, most excellent normal schools within their own county, conducted by the best educators in the county. He is practical in all things, speculative in nothing. These traits he has to some extent imparted to the teachers and the schools of the county. He is a man of great physical and moral courage; and he displays in his life and habits the strong, practical traits of character which distin- guish his German ancestry. On July 17, 1883, Mr. Neidigh was mar- ried to Mary C. Hester, formerly wife of the late Judge James S. Hester (deceased), and a daughter of Alexander Duncan, of Brown County, Ind. CHARLES M. PATTERSON, merchant, was born September 25, I860, in Washington Township, Brown Co., Ind., and is the seventh son of Samuel and Eliza (Cable) Patterson, natives of Pennsylvania, and of English and Gorman extraction respectively. Samuel Patterson moved hither from Ohio in 1848, and settled where he resides, on 160 acres. Charles M. Patterson was reared on the home farm, but received a share of schooling, and when twenty years old attended the Nashville High School, and later at Bloomington- for one term, his mother furnishing the means. He taught school at North Salem, Central Junction, and alter- ward located in this town, where, in 1882, he commenced the mercantile business with his brother. November 6, 1881, he married Miss Lucetta J. Downey, which union has been cemented by two children — 01iv«r T. (born April 25, 1882) and Dora C. (born March 7, 1884, deceased). Mr. Patterson and brother carry a full stock of the best goods, with large annual sales. They are practical and obliging business men, who merit, as they receive, the respect and patronage of their community MARTIN PHILLIPS, M. D., was a native of Rhode Island, was born December 5, 1885, and came to the end of his life March 8, 1880. Au- gust 12, 1886. he was united in wedlock to Miss Louisa Higher, who left WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND NASHVILLE. 769 the world September 19, 1867 ; whereupon, March 26, 1868, he wedded Miss Sarah J. Hamblen, a native of this county, which union j^ave place to two children — Joseph B. (born March 12, 1869) and Ida F. (born August 19, 1871). Dr. Phillips was a graduate of the medical college at Nashville, Tenn., and was a devoted student and enlightened practitioner of his profession. His death resulted from a bronchial affection. He was a popular gentleman, a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a very generally lamented citizen. Mrs. Phillips has been engaged since April, 1883, in the hotel business, being the proprietress of a first-class institution in ail respects. < ' DR. ADFRED J. EALPHY was born March 28, 1855, and is the second of three children of John and Sarah (Jones) Ealphy, the former a native of London, Eng., born 1797, the latter of Warwickshire, who emigrated to South America with a colony in 1846, but, being dissatisfied with the country, moved to Cincinnati and remained until 1853, when he removed hither. He had served an apprenticeship to architecture and building, and was an organizer of the Mechanics' Relief and Aid Associ- ation. Alfred J. Ralphy was reared in Nashville, and commenced to work for himself when twelve years of age. He worked at the printing business for three years, and began teaching school when sixteen years old ; he also' clerked in a drug store and read medicine under Dr. Arnold S. Griffitt, afterward forming a partnership with him for one year, but now is in practice alone. Dr. Ralphy is solely a self -made man, having main- ly educated himself during youth; he attended the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery and the Kentucky School of Medicine at Louis- ville. June 12, 1878, he married Miss Addie Keller, a native of this county, to which union have been born two children — Clifford, and an in- fant, deceased. Dr. Ralphy is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a leading Democrat; he has a good, growing practice, and is a worthy citizen. Mrs. Ralphy is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. DANIEL STUKEY is a native of Monroe County, Ohio, was born July 10, 1835. and is a son of Joseph and Hannah (Brewer) Stukey, who were natives of Ohio, and of English descent. Joseph Stukey received a fair education, and afterward followed farming until his death, in 1852 —a devoted member of the Christian Church. Daniel Stukey at- tended the schools of his boyhood, and when fifteen years of age he hired as a farm hand. October 25, 1855, he married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Michael and Priscilla More, to which uuion were born nine children — Mary C, Martha J., Emmer E., Elmer E., Erastus G., Hannah P., Daniel E., Emma F. and Lula A., of whom Miss Emmer E. is a prominent schoolmistress of this county. June 25, 1863, Mr. Stukey enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Regiment; served until March 4, 1864, and in the autumn of that year moved to this county and purchased the farm on which he has now his residence. Mr. Stukey is a radical Republican, a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, and he and wife are consistent members of the Christian Church. WILLIAM P. STULL, farmer, is a native of Ohio, was born No- vember 14, 1827, and is a son of Abraham and Barbara (Palmer) Stull, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and of German, the latter of Ohio, and of English descent. Abraham Stull emigrated to Ohio at an early age, married, remained there until 1852, when he removed to Bartholo- mew County, Ind., and purchased the farm, on which he lives with one of 770 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: his sons, Mrs. Stull having died January 13, 1881, a member of the Bap- tist Church, as is her surviving husband. William P. Stull received a good education in his native Ohio; remained with his parents until he was seventeen, when he engaged to learn cabinet- making; served four years, and thereafter engaged in business for himself. January 24, 1850, he married Mary A. Moring, a native of Ohio; to this union were born eleven children, of whom seven daughters survive — Campsadell A., Frances A., Rebecca J., Sarah Bell, Mary W., Cora B. and Nancy E. Mr. Stull remained in Ohio until 1857, when he emigrated to this town- ship and engaged in farming. He is a Democrat, and he and Mrs Stull are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. FRANK P. TAGGART, merchant, is the son of James and Jane (Weddel) Taggart, the former a native of North Carolina, born in 1801, the latter of Tennessee, born in 1804. Our subject was reared to farm- ing, but served an apprenticeship to blacksmithing, and when but four- teen years old assisted to build the first brick court house at NashviJle. He followed his trade some time, and then engaged in the mercantile way as a salesman for Judge Hester, and afterward for Thompson & Bro. August 13, 1861, he enlisted in the Twenty-second Indiana Regiment as one of the leaders of the band, being present at Pea Ridge, siege of Corinth, and several other battles. In June, 1862, he re-enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Indiana Volunteers, and was commissioned Second Lieutenant. After the surrender of Lee he passed most of his time on detached duty, and was discharged February, 1866. May 13, 1860, he married Martha E. Seip, to which union have descended four children — Walter A., Patterson E., Ira W. and Estella. Mr. Tag- gart began his present business December, 1870, and has been uncom- monly successful, having arranged to increase his stock and storeroom. He is a member of the Masonic body, of the G. A. R., of the Democ- racy, of the Prohibition party. He is a partner in the grocery and pro- vision business of Gratton & Taggart, and also of the general store of Houston, Jackson & Co. CAPT. T. TAGGART, M. D., was born December 28, 1846, near this town, and is the youngest of the eleven children of James and Jane Taggart,' the former a native of North Carolina, the latter of Tennessee. James Taggart came to this region before the organization of Brown County, and was the first Sheriff thereof. In 1846, he organized Com- pany E, of the Thirtieth Indiana Regiment, for service in the Mexican War, and was killed at Buena Vista February 23, 1847. Our subject was reared on a farm, where he remained until fifteen years of age, and June, 1862, enlisted for three months in the Fifty-fifth Indiana Volun- . teer Regiment. He took part in the battle at Richmond, Ky., after which he re enlisted for three years in the One Hundred and Twentieth Indiana Regiment, and was appointed principal musician, being present at the following engagements: Resaca, Stone Mountain, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Siege of Atlanta, Franklin, Nashville and Kingston. After the war, he engaged in mercantile business at Nashville, Ind. ; this he sold in 1868, and commenced the study of medicine^ under Drs. Phillips and SeJfridge; graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Indian- apolis, in 1880, and opened practice at Mahalasviile. On May 6, he moved to Nashville, and established his profession here. November 19 1865, he married Emarine Williams, of this county, and to them were bestowed three children— Egbert B. (deceased), Lorena M. and Alvey WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP AND NASHVILLE. 771 Dr. Taggert is a member of the Freemasons, and Master of his lodge, also of Columbia Commandery and of the G. A, E. Mr. Taggart is a prom- inent Democrat, and has been Trustee of Washington Township. THOMAS J. TAGGAET, Sheriff of Brown County, was born De- cember 15, 1.837; is a native of this county, and the sixth of the ten children of William and Sarah (MuUis) Taggart, the former a native of North Carolina, the latter of Tennessee, both of Irish descent, and both deceased. William Taggart came to what is now Brown County in 1826; married, entered land, cleared a farm and remained until his death. Thomas J. Taggart was reared on the home farm; remained with his parents until his majority. Except the last two years, he has followed farming, having now forty acres of good land, some building lots and a residence. September 27, 1860, he married Miss Evaline S. Strahl, a native of Ohio, and to this union have been born nine children — William T., Amanda E., Ida P., Hannibal P., Sanford L., Elizabeth A. J., Sarah L., John E. and Frank P. Mr. Taggart is an uncompromising Demo- crat, having given his first vote for S. A. Douglas. He was made Assess - or of Hamblen Tovraship in 1873, appointed Deputy Sheriff in 1878, elected Sheriff in 1882, and is a candidate for re-election. THOMAS E. WARRING, M. D., is a native of Ghent, Ky., was born September 3, 1852, and is a son of Dr. John M. and Tabitha M. (Hopkins) Warring, natives of Kentucky, and of English descent. Dr. John M. Warring was for some years in early life engaged in teaching before he began the study of medicine, after which he attended and grad- 'aated from the Lexington Medical College, subsequently moved from Kentucky to Hancock County, Ind. , and thence to Smithville, Monroe County, where he is living and following his profession. Dr. Warring is a member of the Christian Church, and Mrs. Warring was before her death, July 12, 1882. Thomas E. Warring entered the medical college at Keokuk, Iowa, after obtaining a good education, in the year 1877, com- pleting his coui-se in 1880, after which period he commenced practice at Kent's Mill, this township, where he is doing a profitable practice. June 12, 1881, he married Othilia Kleindorfer. Dr. Warring has been Justice of the Peace of Monroe County, is a Democrat in politics, and a promi- nent citizen and rising physician. Mr. and Mrs. Dr. Warring are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. REV. ROBERT J. WATTS was born October 29, 1848, near Nash- ville, Ind., and is the eighth of the eleven children of the family of Mason and Elizabeth (McClery) Watts; the former a native of Virginia, the latter of Kentucky, who emigrated to Decatur County, Ind., and thence to this county about 1847, where Mr. Watts died. Robert J. Watts was reared on a farm, received a fair school education, and when nineteen years old attended the Clear Springs High School, in Jackson County, Ind. , after which he taught school and prepared himself to enter the State University, since which he has been Principal of the high school in Nashville. June 27, 1871, he married Miss Lizzie Guthrie, a native of Ohio, with a result of three children — Everett W. (deceased), Ella M. and Alma L. In 1882, he commenced his labors in the minis- try of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which he now devotes the larger portion of his time, and the prospect for his success and usefulness is very flattering. He is an extremely liberal Democrat, a worthy. Chris- tian man, and an enlightened citizen. 772 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: JOHN S. WILLIAMS was born in this county November 1, 1849, and is the fifth of the ten children of Alfred and Nancy (Mathis) Will- iams. He attended the public schools of Nashville, and when eighteen years old commenced teaching, continuing the same until 1873, at which period he was elected Assessor; served four years, and thereafter engaged in farming. November 7, 1882, he was elected County Auditor, which position he yet occupies. April 20, 1871, he married Sarah E. Woods, whose father, Jackson Woods, died a prisoner of war at Macon, Ga. Six childmn followed their union Eva, Alfred S. , infant (deceased), John N., Jennie and an infant. Mr. Williams is a Democrat, a Patron of Husbandry, and he and wife belong to the Missionary Baptist Church. Alfred Williams, father of the above, was born in East Tennessee, November 6, 1822. His grandfather was a Eevolutionary soldier, and had been several times made prisoner by the British ; he died a pensioner in 1849, aged ninety-five years. The father of our subject was a native of North Carolina; served as Second Lieutenant in Ihe war of 1812; was at the battle of New Orleans; settled in Monroe County in 1825, and later in Brown County, Ind., of which he was appointed Treasurer before its organization, and elected afterward. Alfred Williams was made As- sistant Surveyor of Brown County in 1854, elected in 1856, and re-elect- ed in 1858. He was elected Treasurer in 1862, and also a Legislative Eepresentative of this county afterward, and finally Representative from Brown and Bartholomew Counties. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 773 JACKSON TOWNSHIP. SAMSON J. ANDERSON, farmer and stock-breeder, was born April 26, 1840, and is the eldest of the family of Allen S. and Sarah Can- natsay) Anderson, natives respectively of Virginia and Kentucky. Sam- son attended school in boyhood when not engaged in farm work, and lived with his parents until August 25, 1859, when he married Mary E. Terhune, by which union they had seven children, six of whom are liv- ing — Rozilla, Lorena Alice, Walter Q., Ettie Viola, Vestal and Ed. S. Mr. Anderson is owner of 248 acres of good and well cultivated land, also with bams and implements, the finest brick residence in the county, and a pear orchard of 1, 000 trees. Mr. Anderson is also raising Clydes- dale horses, short-horn cattle, Oxford Down sheep and China-Poland hogs; ho, in company with Mr. Mosier, introduced this stock into the county. He was Deputy Land Appraiser of this county in 1869, 1870, and has a good farm, 120 acres of timber land having been given him by his father. He is an active Democrat and a highly respected citizen. GEORGE M. ANDERSON, farmer and stock-raiser, was born Octo- ber 31, 1842, in this township, and is a son of Allen S. and Sarah An- derson, natives respectively of Virginia and Kentucky. George M. resided with his parents until February 19, 1863, when he married Mar- garet Terhune, a union which was honored by four children — Amanda C, America A., Dora E. and Alonzo W. Mr. Anderson is possessor of 300 acres in good cultivation and improvement, having in addition three good orchards, also the homestead place, which is likewise well improved, and containing one of the best residences in the county. He now lives on eighty acres entered by his father, and forty by his mother. Mr. Anderson is a prominent and consistent Democrat; has been several times made School Director. He is an honored Mason, an upright citizen, and very generally and highly regarded. JOHN W. BEATY, pioneer farmer and stock-raiser, was born June 3, 1828, in Shenandoah County, Va., and is the eldest child of the family of Samuel and Mary (Stell) Beaty, natives of Virginia. John W. had poor advantages for an education, his mother having died in his youth, at which time he was compelled to labor for a livelihood, and when of age commenced tobacco-raisinig on shares. November 6, 1851, he mar- ried Susan Smith, of Ohio, which nuptials were succeeded by three chil- dren — William H, Ermine E., and George W. After t£e death of this wife, in 1857, he married Nancy Gregg, by which second union he was parent to five children — John (deceased), C. D., Mary B., Samuel H. and Oscar Allen. Mr. Beaty came hither with his parents in 1844; moved to this county in 1850, and settled in Hamblen Township, and purchased 160 acres, which he improved, and in 1867, moved to where he now lives, having also 150 acres on Bean Blossom Creek; Mr., Beaty was the only Road Superintendent of the county; the law being abolished thereafter. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a liberal, genial gentleman. 774 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: MICHAEL T. BROWN, a farmer and stock-raiser, was born Sep- tember 6, 1836, in Marion County, W. Va., and is the third child of Den- nis and Elizabeth (Toothman) Brown, natives of West Virginia. Michael T. Brown was reared a farmer, and September 11, 1856, married Mary Beach, of Marion County, W. Va. , and to this union were born nine chil- dren—John F., Samnel D., Marion L., Rebecca E., Margaret E., Lillie Bell, Martin T., Ann Eliza and one deceased. Mr. Brown moved to this county in 1865, and settled where he now resides on 110 acres, in good cultivation and with many improvements. Mr. Brown is a leading Dem- ocrat, a practical farmer, a successful businessman, an upright gentleman and reputable citizen. GEORGE A. BRUMMET, farmer, was born December 22, 1840, in Monroe County, Ind. , and is the fourth of the nine in family of Joab and Sarah (Brummet) Brummet, natives of Tennessee, and of German extraction. George A. Brummet was reared to farming as a business, and with a meager education. When he was six years of age, he came with his parents to this county, having been early settlers of Monroe County, and settled in Washington Township, where Mr. Brummet pur- chased 500 acres. Our subject lived with his parents until March 6, 1861, when he married Miss Martha, daughter of William and Elizabeth Snider, from which union succeeded four children — Eli (deceased), Will- iam McClelland, Arwine and Thena Catharine (deceased). Mrs. Brum- met died September 12, 1875; and January 11, 1877, Mr. Brummet wedded Miss Elizabeth, daughter of John and Elizabeth Brown, and to this second marriage three children were granted. Mr. Brummet moved to his present residence in 1861 ; it comprises 125 acres, which is con- siderably improved with good buildings, orchards and the like — almost all of which was acquired by his industry and management. In politics, he is a Democrat. WILEY BURNS, farmer, was born October 16, 1832, in Morgan Coun- ty, Ind., and is a s(in of Wiley and Mary (Baker) Burns, natives of Ken- tucky and of Scotch and Welsh descent respectively. Our subject re- ceived a fair education and taught school for four terms in this county. September 15, 1857, he married Nancy K. Hastings, of Morgan County, and to this union were born four children — Melissa V., Mattie, Elmer E. and Thaddeus S. ; their mother died April 4, 1872, and Mr. Burns, April 18, 1876, wedded Emily A. Matthews, and this union produced two chil- dren — Wiley and Katie. December 21, 1863, he enlisted in Company H, Seventieth Indiana Infantry, and served in the following battles: Res- aca, Cassville, New Hope Church, Lost Mountain, Kenesaw, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Savannah, Bentonville and the march through Georgia. He was discharged June, 1865, came to this county in 1867, and settled on 1 55 acres of well-improved and planted land, where he makes a specialty of fruit-raising. Sir. Burns is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity and the Knights of Honor. He is a leading Republican, and was elected Trustee of this township one term. He is an honest man, an upright citizen, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. JAMES L. CAMPBELL, farmer, was boru March 18, 1854 in Wash- ington^County, Ohio, and is the eldest of the eleven children of James C. and Minerva (Flint) Campbell, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Ohio, and of English and German extraction. ames L. Campbell was reared on a farm, and in the lull of farm work obtained some educa- tion, and afterward attended for one term the State University, by which JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 775 he became a teacher, having already taught fifteen terms, several of them in Illinois. The father of our subject purchased 156 acres of timber land in this township, on which he made improvements and resided until . his decease. March 16, 1863, James L. Campbell married Miss Bachel C, daughter of William and Elizabeth Snider, to which union were de- creed two children — Walter and James A. (both deceased). Mr. Camp- bell is the possessor of 156 acres, with improvements, appointing, plant- ing and stocking, which makes the place a choice and valuable one; he is a prominent Democrat and an enlightened citizen. THOMAS W. DAVID,, pioneer farmer, is a native of Jackson County, Ind., and is the second child of five boys and five girls of John and Morning (Weddel) David, natives of Virginia. Our subject passed his early days on a farm, with a very limited education; was born September 8, 1827, and moved with his parents to this county in 1835, who settled on Bear Creek, where his father entered 140 acres, and remaiued until his death. February 2, 1846, Thomas W. David married Sarah E. Tomey, to which union were born ten children — Adeline (deceased), Mary C, John E. (deceased), Elizabeth, Serepta H., Willie, Daniel W., Lewis E., Silva V. (deceased) and an infant. Mrs. David died October, 1822, a member of the Christian Church, and February 2, 1884, Mr. David wedded Eliza Jane Hale, a native of East Tennessee. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged after seventeen months' service, and resumed active farm life. He has several times been appointed School Director, and is an earnest Republican. Mr. David moved to where he now lives, on Lick Creek, in 1869, where he owns eighty-five acres in a good state of culti- vation, well and variously improved, containing good buildings, orchards, etc., etc. GEORGE R. EARLYWINE, one of the pioneers of this county, is a native of Bartholomew Coiinty, Ind., and is the sixth child of the family of George W. and Sarah (Doan) Earlywine, natives of Kentucky and resp^tively of German and English extraction. George R. Earlywine was reared to farming, with a fair school education, and lived at home until his majority. He was born June 16, 1841, and February, 1864, enlisted in Company D, Seventeenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was engaged at the following heroic battles: Dallas, Tyson's Cross Roads, Noonday Creek, Belle Plaine, Cotton Creek, Stone Mountain and many others, being discharged September, 1865. December 28, 1865, he married Amanda Hendricks, by which alliance were born nine children — William Sherman, Sarah D., Fannie L. (deceased), London H., Willis F., Ordella Jane (deceased), Thomas B., Minta and Jesse J. Mr. Early- wine is owner of 130 acres cultivated and improved. He is an earnest Republican and an estimable citizen. MILTON FLEENER, pioneer farmer, was born June 1, 1818, in Washington County, Ind., and is a son of Nicholas and Nancy E. (John- , son) Fleener, natives respectively of Virginia and North Carolina. Milton was reared a farmer by his parents, wiio came to this State in 1820, settled near Bloomington, where they entered and cleared land. Our subject remained at home until September 28, 1837, when he married Eliza Jane Davison, a native of Ireland, from which union descended three children — Joseph N., James P. and Margaret Ann (deceased). In 1840, Mr. Fleener removed to this township, where he purchased 320 acres, which he improved, and to which he added until he controlled 800 776 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: acres. He was elected Constable for one term, Associate Judge tor seven years and County Commissioner one term. Mr. Fleener is owner of several lots in Needmore, also a good store building. He and wife are members of the Christian Church. LUTHER FLINT, farmer, was born April 25, 1815, in Vermont, and is the youngest child of Porter and Lucy (Farwell) Flint, natives of Massachusetts. In 1827, his parents moved to Ohio, purchased 120 and entered 80 acres, which they improved. December 10, 1835, Luther married Miss Mary, a daughter of Edward and Prussia Edwards, to which union were born nine children, seven now living— Minerva, Prus- sia, Hannah,, James, Lucy, Miranda and Caroline; this mother died Feb- ruary, 1872, and June 9, 1875, Mr. Flint wedded Lucinda Long, by which union succeeded two children— Jasper and Laura. Mr. Flint moved to this county in 1868, and settled on his present home of 190 acres, containing good house, barns, orchards, fencing, stock, etc., the bulk of which he has acquired by his own efforts, unaided and continued. He is an active Democrat, and a reputable citizen. He and wife are members of the Baptist Church. The paternal grandfather of our sub- ject was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. JAMES FLINT, stock-raiser and farmer, was born April 13, 1843, in Washington County, Ohio, and is the fourth of the nine children of Lutiier and Mary (Edwards) Flint, natives respectively of Vermont and Ohio. James was reared to farm labor, attended the common schools, and lived at home until September 5, 1862, when he married Isabella Livingston, from which descended seven children — Mary E., Albert M., Jacob C, Alonzo T., Salina V., Lorena E. and Lulu. Febmary 24, 1864, Mr. Flint enlisted in Company C, Thirty- sixth Ohio Infantry, and served until the succeeding September. In 1866, he moved to this county, set- tled in Jackson Township, purchased 140 acres, mostly timber, which he improved, sold, and afterward bought sixty-seven acres, where he lived three years, and later purchased 145 acres, where he is now living, and which he has cleared, improved and adorned — all the outcome ol his labor and economy. Mr. Flint is a Democrat, and is' now serving as County Commissioner. He is a good citizen, a reputable gentleman, and he and wife are members of the Baptist Church. LEWIS FRITCH was born in Germany March 13, 1816, and is the second child of Joseph and Frances Fritch, the former a native of France, the latter of Germany. Our subject was taught farming in the fatherland, as well as shoe-making. In 1837, he came to the United States by way of New Orleans; traveled to Hamilton County, Ohio, where he worked on a canal; and there, April 13, 1839, he married Sarah Ann Prail, from which union issued three children — Margaret Jane, James W. and Francis (deceased). Mrs. Fritch died August, 1843, and Mr. Fritch man-ied a second wife March 18, 1845, Ellen Aldrich, to which union sfeven children were born: Joseph P., Nathaniel, Hannah Ellen, McAUen, Andrew (deceased), John (deceased) and Conrad; this wife also died; and November 23, 1858, he wedded Elizabeth Stump, from which last marriage descended seven children — Catherine A., Nancy E. (de- ceased), Christopher, Frederick (deceased), Isaac M., Mary (deceased) and Martha A. After marriage, Mr. Fritch moved to Shelby County, Ind., purchased sixty acres, sold the same in 1849, and removed to where he now lives, having purchased 130 acres, which he cleared, improved, and to which he added, owning now 255 acres — a comfortable home and JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 777 valuable estate Mr. Fritch is a reputable citizen and, with his wife, is a member of the Christian Church, LEWIS M. FEITCH. merchant, is a native of this county, was born August 13, 1851, and is the fourth of the seven children of Lewis and Ellen (Folsom) Fritch. Our subject was raised as a farmer's boy, lived at home until nineteen years old, then went to La Bette, Kan. ; re- mained two years working on a farm, and returned home thereafter to assist his father. November 1, 1877, he married Miss Melissa A., daughter of Andrew J. and Mary E. (Armstrong) Vaughn, and by this union these parties became parents of four children — Jason H. , Herman J., Lewis A. and Alonzo E. Mr. Fritch farmed for a time after his marriage, and in 1873 engaged in the lumber and stave business, which he continued to pursue until 1882, when he purchased a stock of general merchandise. In 1883, he moved his goods and family to Needraore. where he has continued the business, having an excellent and selected stock. Mr. Fritch has been successful in his venture, and now employs a wagon for dealing in all varieties of produce. He has displayed valu- able business traits, and is a popular merchant. In politics, he is a Na- tional, and was Postmaster at Richards for eighteen months. RILEY GORDON, farntier, is a native of Butler County, Ohio, was born September 16, 1832, and is fifth of the family of Riley and Sarah Gordon, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and of Scotch extraction. Our subject was reared on a farm, with poor advantages for education, most of which he gained after his marriage. When nineteen, years old, he began working by the month, which he continued for eight months, and two years later as a teamster. December 17, 1856, he married Eliz- abeth Jones, with an issue of eight living children — ^Willard G., Ida May, Charles E., MaryM., Edward Riley, Armina E., Olive Q. and Louisa E. Mr. Gordon became a resident of this county in 1869, and in ' 1875, moved to his present residence on seventy acres of good and im- proved land. He is also owner of 300 acres near Georgetown. He has served as Justice of the Peace, as Land Appraiser for two terms, was Dep- uty Prosecutor of the county for a time, and now is Deputy Prosecutor for this and Hamblen Townships. His first vote was given for C. L. Val- landigham for Congress. WILSON HELMS is a native of this county, was . born November 22, 1822, in Harrison County, Ohio, and is the eldest child of Isaac and Rebecca (Mehaffey) Helms, natives of Pennsylvania. William Helms, when fifteen years of age, began to work by the month, and September 28, 1845, he married Mary Ann Smith, a native of Ohio, and to this union were bom eleven children, of whom' nine lived to receive names. Jlr. Helms moved to this county in 1854, settled on Bean Blossom Creek and purchased 100 acres, which he cleared and improved. This farm contains a fiiie residence, good buildingSj orchard, etc. — all self-made, and he has given his children each $600 when married. September, 1864, he enlisted in Company C, Twenty-second Indiana Regiment, but was in hospital during nearly all his term, and was discharged Jaly 17, 1865. Mr. Helms has been generally successful in life, but had his property destroyed by lire, during which his children were obliged to leave the house without clothing, two daughters having lost their lives thereby. Mr. Holmes is an active Republican and worthy citizen. THOMAS H. HENDRICKS, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of Johnson County, Ind., was born February 15, 1889, and is the fifth of 778 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: the ten children of Landon and Drusilla (Hardesty) Hendricks, natives of Kentucky, and of German descent. Thomas H. was reared a farmer, and lived with his parents until November 28, 1860, at which time he married Emmeline, daughter of Jacob and Nancy Hougham; to this union were born five children — Ida M., Emma D., Albert H., Ira and Odus. In August, 1861, Mr. Hendricks moved to Tipton County, pur- chased 220 acres, which in 1868 he sold and removed to Johnson County, purchased eighty acres, lived twelve years, and, in 1881, came to this county, and now resides on 265 acres, well-improved, cultivated and adorned; he also gives considerable attention to breeding stock, espe- cially Poland-China hogs. He is an active Republican, has served as School Director for eight- years, and is a highly regarded and greatly trusted citizen. Mrs. Hendricks is a member of the Presbyterian Church. LEWIS JONES, farmer, is a native of Monroe County, Ohio; was born October 3, 1824, and is the second of the seven boys and three girls born to Samuel and Cisner (Hamilton) Jones, natives of Pennsylvania; the former of English-German, the latter of Irish-German descent. Lewis Jones was reared on a farin, but enjoyed very spare advantages for education, and remained with his parents until December 31, 1846, when he married Margaret Ann, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Potts) Turner; to this union were born six children — Mary Elizabeth, Minerva A., John Harvey (deceased), Hannah Jane (deceased), Martha Ellen and Sarah Arm (deceased). In 1854, Mr. Jones moved to this county, settled near Georgetown, and two years later removed two miles northwest of Georgetown, remained seven years, and thence to where he now lives, having purchased eighty acres, well-improved, with good buildings, orchards and the like — the whole an outcome of his will and energy. September, 1864, he enlisted in Company D, Twenty-fifth Indiana Regi- ment, and served in the following engagements: Savannah, Cheraw, Columbia, Bentonville and numerous others, including Sherman's march, and was in the grand review, receiving his discharge June 14, 1865, after which he resumed farming in this county. LIi-. Jones is a Demo- crat, has served as Township Trustee, and is an upright man and worthy citizen. HENRY C. LEGGE, farmer, was born September 16, 1842, in Bloomington, and is the eldest son of William A. and Mary (Hight) Legge, natives of Kentucky. Mr. Legge graduated from the State Uni- versity in 1861, and engaged in the stock and livery business. In 1862, he enlisted in Company A, Fifty-fourth Indiana Regiment; was dis- charged after three months, then re-enlisted for three years in Company A, One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Indiana Regiment; was mainly en- gaged in guard duty, and was discharged honorably as Corporal. Decem- ber 15, 1864, he married Miss Elizabeth F. Dunn, with an issue of six children— William D., Margaret M., Carter L., Howard W., Emma and Henry R. Mr. Legge moved on the farm he now occupies in 1869; it comprises 165 acres of improved, cultivated land, with good buildings, orchards, etc. Mr. Legge is an enterprisi ag, valuable citizen, a member of the G. A. R., and one of the active Republicans of the county. HUGH McLARY, stock-dealer and farmer, is a native of this town- ship, was born October 30, 1847, the eighth of the ten children of Hugh A. and Savannah (Lockridge) McLary, natives respectively of Kentucky and Virginia, and of Irish and German extraction. Our subject was JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 779 bred to the farm, on which he labored and remained until after man- hood. January 10, 1869, he married Miss Mary C, daughter of Jackson and Polly Pleener, a union which has been favored with two children — Eosa Ellen and Franklin Pierce. Mr. McLary is a practical farmer and stock-breeder, an excellent citizen and honored gentleman. His life has been passed in this county. He isnow residing on his father's farm at the mouth of Bear Creek. Politically Mr. McLary is an advocate of the principles of Democracy, and he and Mrs. McLary are members of the Christian Church. EEV. EVAN E. McNEELY is a native of Washington County, Ind.J was born December 28, 1823, his parents being William and Ehoda (Eichards) McNeely, natives of East Tennessee. Our subject's educa- tion was a sparse one. His parents moved to Monroe County in 1825, settled near Bioomington, where his father entered land and died some time later. Evan E. McNeely lived at home until January 19, 1845, when he married Miss Mary C, daughter of Wiley B. and Elizabeth Eobinson, which union was enriched by eight children: William W., Ehoda J., Louisa C, Clark E., Joseph W., Susanna M., Emesly (deceased) and Harriet E. Following the death of this lady, March 18, 1867, he married, March 8, 1868, Elizabeth Neidigh, a native of Ohio. After living at Martinsville, Morgan County, Mr. McNeely removed to this I county in lS67, settled where he now lives, and where his wife ha,s 130 acres, cultivated and improved. In 1859, Mr. McNeely was licensed as exhorter, in 1872 as preacher, and still later as a deacon of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. In politics he is Eepablican, and has been School Director several times. EICHAED J. MILLEE, farmer and bee culturist, was born June 14, 1827, in Butler County, Ohio, his parents being John L. and Hannah {Whitsell) Miller, natives or Pennsylvania, and respectively of Irish and English descent. Eichard J. Miller worked on the home farm until he was fourteen, when he went to learn the trade of joiner and bridge- builder, which he followed until 1862, having come to Clinton County, Ind., with his parents, in 1830, and afterward moved to Eice Connty, Minn. In 1862, he enlisted in Company D, Eighth Minnesota Eegiment, and was engaged in many Indian battles, after which the regiment was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland, and participated at Stone Eiver, Franklin and other struggles, being discharged August 18, 1865. He afterward resumed his trade for two years, then engaged in saw mill- ing, moved to this county, again began saw milling, and afterward fell back on farming at his present location ; this place embraces 240 acres, with good orchard, etc. Mr. Miller makes a specialty of bee culture. May 23, 1852, he married Nancy M. McAnly, with a result of ten chil- dren, the following j'et living; Eliza, Jane, John F., Bell V., Ida May, Jessie Fremont, Emma E. , Eichard Edgar and Zora Helen. Mr. Miller is a member of the Masonic fraternity and the Good Templars. He was Marshal of Noblesville one term, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. CALVIN MOSEE is a native of Cumberland County, Tenn., was born February 17, 1817, and is a son of Jacob and Polly (Stephens) Moser, both of Dutch descent, who moved to and settled in Monroe County about 1819. Calvin was reared as a farmer, had poor school advantages, and lived at home until March 12, 1840, when he married Margaret Williams, from which union sprang nine children, eight of whom are living — A. 780 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: R., Martha A., Mary, J. P., M. S., Isaac B., Eebecca and Katie M. Alter the decease of his first wife, February 23, 1875, Mr. Moser married, ou September 24, 1875, Mrs. Hannah Prosser. After this marriage, Mr. Moser moved to where he now resides, and purchased 80 acres, to which he steadily added until 600 acres had become his, most of which he im- proved, and afterward sold for the benefit of his children, be now retain- ing but 350 acres, well improved, planted and stocked. Mr. Moser is a self-made and self-sustaining gentleman. He is an active Democrat, has served one term as Township Trustee, is a valued and trusted citizen, and he and wife belong to the Baptist Church. AQUILLA R. MOSER, farmer and stock -raiser, was born February 2, 1841, in this county, and is one of the eight children of Calvin and Margaret (Williams) Moser, the former a native of Tennessee, the latter of Indiana. Our subject lived with his parents until his marriage, De- cember 13, 1862, with Clarissa Calvin, which union produced seven chil- dren — Alva N., Haron D., Jennie June, Cortez Mexico, Brigham Young (deceased). Jack William and Roscoe La Mar. After marriage, Mr. Moser lived four years near Georgetown, and in 1866 he moved to his present site, where he owns 193 acres, with good residence, barns, build- ings, peach and apple orchards, etc., most of which was acquired by his own industry. Mr. Moser is a leading Democrat, and was elec.ted County Commissioner in 1870. He has a half -interest in the gravel road leading south from Morgantown. He was formerly a member of the Grange, and is an honorable man and an esteemed citizen. CALVIN PLATT, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Mahoning County, Ohio, was born August 30, 1823, and is the eldest of the four boys of ErastuB and Julia (Hitchcock) Piatt, natives of jMassachusetts and Counecticut respectively, and of Puritan stock. Calvin passed his boyhood on a farm, attended the common schools at intervals, and so re- mained at home until he was of age, thereafter working for himself at $12 per month. August, 1846, he married Miss Louisa, a daughter of Thomas Peterson, to which union were born two children, both deceased. Mrs. Piatt died in April, 1853, and in August, 1854, Mr. Piatt wedded Aogeline Camp, of Mahoning County, Ohio, and to this marriage were born seven children— ErastuB D., Julia (deceased), Jabez, Eben, Presly, Elizabeth and Adella. This wife died, April, 1883. Mr. Piatt moved to this county in March, 1855, settled on 160 acres, which he partially improved, and where he remained about twelve years, at which time he removed to his present home and farm, which is well improved, planted, and contain- ing considerable stock. Mr. Piatt has in all 316 acres. While in Ohio, he served as Constable and Deputy Sheriff. He is an active Republican, and a worthy citizen. DAVID W. POLING was born June 3, 1838, in Marion County, W. Va., and is the youngest of the three children of Jonas and Rachel (Pitzer) Poling, natives respectively of New Jersey and Virginia, and of English and German descent. David W. Poling received a good educa-' tion — so good that he became a teacher, and taught eighteen terms of school. He remained with his parents until August 25, 1858, when he married Ann Eliza Barrick, of Noble County, Ohio, and to this union six children have been bom— William H., Susan A., Henrv B., Ida M., Samuel C. and Fletcher. In September, 1864, he enlisted iia Company C, Twenty-seocmd Indiana Regiment, and was engaged in the battle of Nashville and the Southeastern campaign; was in the grand review at , JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 781 Washington, and was discharged June, 1865. In 1848, our subject came to Noble County, Ind. , with his parents, who engaged in farming. In 1861, our subject moved to this county and divided his time between teaching and farming; he owns eighty acres at Needmore, besides a house and lot. Mr. Poling was elected Justice of the Peace for two terms, and December, 1882, was commissioned Notary Public. In poli- tics, he is a Republican. JOHN RICHARDS, farmer and stock-breeder, was born August 7, 1808, in Hawkins County, Tenn. , and is of the family of Michael and Charity (Hubbard) Richards, the first a native of Germany, the second of North Carolina. John Richards came hither with his parents in 1816, and located in Washington Township, where Michael Richards entered land and improved the same. After our subject was sixteen he lived with his grandfather, and later engaged in pipestave making and flat-boating until 1830, when he returned to this locality to remain. He entered forty acres about the time of the county's organization, to which land he added until he had 500 acres, and has owned more land, per- haps, than any man now living here. He possesses 940 acres on Bear Creek with some improvements and good orchards, besides other farm lands, and having given to his children 500 acres, all the conquest of his industry and ability, he having once cut wood at 25 cents a cord, and made rails for 25 cents a hundred. March 22, 1832, Mr. Richards married Priscilla Parks, which union was honored by seven children — Stephen A., Marian, Columbus, Commodore Perry (died in the army), Mary Jane, Michael and John, the last three deceased. After the death of his wife, May 21, 1846, Mr. Richards wedded, January 13, 1847, Joanna Stipp, with issue of six children- He and wife are members of the Christian Church. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Richards lived to be one hundred and eleven, and his maternal grandfather to be ninety- four years old. Mr. Richards has served as Constable, Justice of the Peace and County Commissioner. STEPHEN A. RICIJARDS, farmer, was born May 6, 1833, in this county, and is the eldest of the family of John and Priscilla (Parks) Rich- ards, natives of Tennessee. Stephen was reared to farming, but became a teacher and lived at home until July 17, 1855, when he married Mary C. Richardson, and to this union were born six children, four living — John A., Joanna, Byron and Mary C. September, 1864, Mr. Richards en- listed in the service, but afterward hired a substitute and began the study of medicine, which he soon abandoned. He has now 160 acres, in good cultivation and with varied improvements. In 1875, he and brother es- tablished the iirst store at Richards, carrying on merchandise in general for one year, when the same was sold to their father. January 28, 1884, Mr. Richards was appointed Postmaster at Richards, and for many years carried on a grist mill in the same place. He is a leading Demo- crat and an honored citizen. Mr. Richards' farm contains gold. JOHN RICHARDSON, farmer, was born in Tennessee January 16, 1820, and is the second of iPourteen children born to William and Sarah (Stephens) Richardson, natives of Tennessee. John Richardson passed his youth at school and in attending to the farm duties, his parents hav- ing moved to Monroe County, this State. January 16, 1843, he married Serilda Bull, and to this union were born six children — Jacob, William, Richard, Owen A., James M. and Sarah Jane; this mother died in November, 1855, and March 15, 1856, Mr. Richardson wedded Mrs. 782 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Kelley, from which marriage descended two children — Nancy C ana Eebecca A. This lady also died— May 24, 1863— and on July 14, of that year, Mr. Richardson was joined to Anna Stephens, to which last alliance were born nine children, of whom five are living — Jourdan L., Theodosia E., John K., Cordelia F. and Daniel Boone. Mr. Richardson moved to his present place in 1855, purchasing 120 and adding after- ward 40 acres, of which he now owns 113 acres, which are well improved and planted. He is in politics a Democrat, and he and wife commune with the Baptists. WILLIAM R. RITTER. farmer, was born in this township May 13, 1839, and is the third of ten children granted to Jesse and Sarah Ritter, both natives of Tennessee and of Dutch descent. William R. Ritter was raised on a farm, received but a limited education, having in all about one year's schopling. When sixteen years old, he left hie father's roof and went to Shelby County, where he remained working by the month until he was twenty-one years of age, the first year at $85, the second at $115, and when his majority was reached he had saved $400; he then returned to this county, and here worked by the month for a time. February 11, 1862, he married Hannah M. Fleener, daugh- ter of Jacob and Hannah Fleener, to which union succeeded one child- Jesse Anderson. After marriage Mr. Ritter located nine miles south- west of Shelbyville, and in 1869 moved to where he now lives, and owns 120 acres, which land is improved and adorned in the best manner^all the result of bis labor and saving. He is a Democrat, a good citizen and honorable gentlemen. WILLIAM SNIDER, stock-raiser and farmer, was bom January 13, 1839, in this county, and is the fifth of the eleven children given to William and Elizabeth (Brummet) Snider, natives respectively of Ken- tucky and Tennessee, and of German and German-Irish extraction. Our subject was brought up to the plow, received some schooling, and re- mained to assist his parents until his marriage to Sarah Brummet,- to which union were born six children — Cordelia (deceased), Margaret (deceased), Elizabeth (deceased), Ewing, Shookey and Oscar; after the death of this mother, July 10, 1875, Mr. Snider was united with Ellen Cornett, February 17, 1876. He owns 135 acres where he now makes his home, which is improved, adorned and cultivated. He is also owner of 160 acres in Woodruff County, Ark., and gives some attention to stock In 1863, he moved to Monroe County, Ind., purchased 220 acres, sold the same in 1882, and then removed to his present home. Politically, Mr. Snider is an active Democrat, and gave his first vote for Stephen A. Douglas. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Christian Church, while Mrs. Snider belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. ALEXANDER C. SPENCER, M. D., was born December 27, 1846, in Monroe County, Ind., and is the fifth of the eight children born to James W. and Nancy (Alexander) Spencer, both natives of Kentucky. Our subject was reared to farming, and after some time at the common schools he attended the State University for one year. When twenty- two years old he began the work of self sustenance, and in 1870 was elected County Surveyor for one term ; he then traveled further West. In 1876, he entered on the study of medicine with Dr. Campbell, of this county, and in 1883 graduated from the Central Medical College at Indi- anapolis. October 23, 1881, he married Annie E. Prosser, of this county, but a native of West Virginia. To this union has been born one JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 783 child — Virgil B. F. Dr. Spencer is a member of the Masonic fraternity. lie was elected Assessor of Benton Township, Monroe County, for two years ; was School Commissioner and County Surveyor for thirty years, and is an active Democrat. He is a reputable citizen and a promising practitioner. He and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. JOHN W. STEPHENS is a native of this township, was born Au- gust 26, 1858, and is the third of the four boys and two girls bora to Jordan and Zilpha (Huff) Stephens, natives of Indiana. Our subject was reared to the labor of the farm and the acquirement of education. He was elected Constable some time ago, and is now a prominent candi- date for re-election. Jordan Stephens is a pioneer of this county, en- tered eighty acres where now lives, being a practical farmer. February 24, 1830, he married Agnes Chandler, moved to this county in 1847, and settled in this township. These parents had born to them five boys and two girls. John W. Stephens is a promising gentleman, mentally and physically. He stands six feet seven inches in his shoeless feet, and weighs 210 pounds. He is a prominent Democrat for so young a man, and a generally respected citizen. WILLIAM E. STUAET, farmer and stock-raiser, was born Decem- ber 22, 1823, in Hancock County, W. Va., and is the third of the eight children of Joseph and Elizabeth (Campbell) Stuart, both of Scotch de- scent., and respectively natives of Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The great-grandfathier of our subject was the single member of his fam- ily left after the battle of Culloden, Scotland. The grandfather of our subject was the only one of his family spared by the great London plague, and immigrated to America. William E. Stuart in company with his father engagud in the maoufacture of fire brick in 1842, and which was continued until 1866, fiat-boating their wares to New Orleans and other Southern markets, the last brick descending the Mississippi in 1861. In 1866, Mr. Stuart came to Indiana, settled on his present residence site, and purchased 240 acres of well- improved and appointed land, com- bining a good home and farm. March 7, 1850, he married Hezaniah Campbell, of Pennsylvania. This union gave being to tbree children — Elizabeth Virginia, John and Joseph William. Mr. Stuart is a Demo- crat, an honored citizen, and he and wife belong to the Presbyterian Church. ISAAC S. WADE, merchant, was born December 7, 1826, in Bel- mont County, Ohio, and is a sou of Owen S. and Margaret (Strahl) Wade, natives respectively of North Carolina and Ohio. Isaac S. lost his mother in infancy and was reared by a sister, afterward removing to Noble County, where he learned harness-making and subsequently shoe- making. In 1861, he moved to this county, where he worked at shoe- making for about ten years; moved to Neodmore, engaged in general merchandising successfully, now having as tine a store as the county af- fords, and doing a very fine trade. August 3, 1858, he married Elizabeth Headley, and to them have been born two children — Owen Headley and Mary Ellen Thatcher. Mr. Wade was appointed Postmaster October 16, 1872, being the first of such officers in his town. He is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity, and has given his children good courses of instruction. He is also an Odd Fellow and an active Repub- lican and worthy citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Wade are adherents of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. 784 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: THOMAS WALTMAN was born January 22, 1837, in Frederick County, Md., and is the sixth of eleven children born to Thomas and Catherine (Wo]f) Waltman, natives of Maryland. Our subject was reared on a farm, with a common school education, and when about nine- teen years old he commenced the task of getting his own living, and fol- lowed farming where his father had entered 160 acres, and purchased the first mill, which mill our subject has since managed. March, 1862, he married Ann L. El lender, to which union were born eight children, six- of. them living today — Hiram D., Armilda, Minnie May, Gresilda, John and Bessie. Mr. Waltman is the possessor of 400 acres, under good cultivation, improved with comfortable residence, fair barns, and other appurtenances for use and value, all of which were acquired by in- dustry and skill. Mr. Waltman is a member of the Masonic fraternity; is a Democrat, and has served as County Commissioner for two terms. He and wife are members of the Baptist Church. WILLIAM M. WALTMAN is a native of Georgetown, Brown Coun- ty, Ind., was born November 15, 1844, and is the tenth child of Thomas and Catherine (Wolf) Waltman, natives of Maryland and of German ex- traction. The grandfather of our subject, IVIichael Waltman, was a sol- dier of the Eevolution, William M. Waltman, at the age of fourteen years, went to work in a tannery, where he labored some years. Novem- ber 15, 1865, he raarriefl Mary B. Moser, which nuptials resulted in nine children — Walter V., Edgar C, Hattie L., Thomas M. (deceased), John A., Charles G., Maggie, Bertie W. and Kubie. Mr. Waltman is the possessor of 180 acres, 80 being improved, constituting a good home and valuable property. He was admitted to the bar in 1874. He is a member of the Freemasons, and a charter member of Lodge 527. He is a self-made man truly-, and has accumulated his property and acquired his good name by industry and ability. He is now Notary Public at Georgetown, and esteemed as an honorable, benevolent citizen. He and Mr. Chafin were the founders of the Brown County Democrat. Mr. Walt- man, Sr., was one of the first promoters of the Brown County Old Set- tlers' Association. The grandfather of Mrs. Waltman was a soldier of the war of 1812. DR. JAMES G. WAED was born July 25, 1845, in Williamsburg,. Johnson County, Ind. , and is the third of the ten children of Dr. Kufus and Clementine D. D. J. M. (Alexander) Ward, natives respectively of Virginia and Kentucky, the former being one of the oldest practitioners of Johnson County. Our subject, during youth, received a fair educa- tion, and December, 1862, he enlisted in Company I, Tenth Indiana Cavalry, and was engaged in the following battles: Decatur, Nashville, Franklin and Mobile, and was discharged in the fall of 1865. After this event, he attended school at Blooraington, and thereafter farmed until 1868, when he engaged in saw-milling for three years. In 1872, he com- menced the study of medicine with Dr. Maxwell, attended lectures at Indianapolis in 1883-84, having practiced at Bloomington; he now re- sides at Bean Blossom, and has a good practice. March 24, 1863, while on furlough, he married Serepta Peterson, by which union were produced six children — Ida B., Eufus, Mahlon (deceased), Bezeta Clementine, Harrison Gammell and Hannah J. Dr. Ward is a member of the Masonic fraternity, a Republican in politics, an esteemed citizen and a successful practitioner of medicine HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. 785 HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. ABRAHAM CANARY, ? tock-raiser and farmer, was born in Mercer County, Ky., April 12, 1819, and is the second of the four children of Michael and Elizabeth (Gashwooler) Canary, natives of Kentucky and of German descent, who moved to this State in 1829, located in Johnson County, entered land and commenced the work of making a home and a farm, where Mr. Canary housed his family, reared four children and died in 1861, aged eighty-three years. Abraham was reared on the home place, and shortly after reaching his majority married Miss Mary, daugh- ter of Thomas McDaniel, and thereafter engaged in farming in John- son County, until 1861, when he moved to this township, and in Au- gust of that year enlisted in Company D, Eighty-second Regi- ment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, served three years, and took part at Lookout Mountain, Buzzard's Roost, Missionary Ridge, Murfreesboro, Stone River, Perry ville, 'the Atlanta campaign and Gen. Sherman's march to the sea. At Scorehy Valley he was captured, held nine days, paroled, and thirty-five days later joined his regiment. June, 1864, he was discharged and resumed farming, having now a well-improved, stocked, cultivated farm of 100 acres. October 31, 1881, Mrs. Canary died, and September 1, 1882, he wedded America Perkins. Mr. Canary is a strong, aggressive Democrat, also a valued citizen. > WILLIAM CRABB, dealer in general merchandise at Spearsville, was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, April 23, 1823 , and is the youngest of the twelve children bestowed upon Henry and Ann (George) Crabb, natives of Pennsylvania and of Irish and German extraction respectively. William's paternal grandmother was a member of the Keller family. He remained with his parents on the farm until 1854, when he moved from Ohio to Indiana, located at Unionville, engaged jointly in farming -and selling goods, remained one year, came then to Spearsville and has been engaged' in the mercantile line for more than thirty years, being the oldest merchant of the place, with a large and established trade. He has also a fine peach orchard near this town. Mr. Crabb has been foui: times married, first, to Eleanor Taylor, in 1846, with an outcome of one child — Henry Newton. Mrs. Crabb died in 1849, and he then married Matilda Moore, also with an outcome of one child — Mary J. ; this mother died in 1851, and he married Elizabeth Peterson, with an issue of six children — Seward, Alice, William R., Keller E., Lena and Maud E., of which number the third and fourth are teachers; this lady died January 1, 1878; when he married Keziah Tracy. Mr. Crabb is a member of the Greenback party, and he and wife are members of the church ^the first of the Presbyterian and the latter of the Christian Church. JOHN B. CRAVEN, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of England, was born December 15, 1848, and is the eldest of the eleven children of William and Mary Craven, also natives of England, who emigrated to the United States in 1853. John B. Craven was reared to the profession of agriculture, educated in the schools of Ohio and Indiana, and remained with and assisted his parents in making a home and clearing a farm in 786 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: this county, whither they had moved in 1864. After his majority he returned to Ohio and assisted to clear as a farm-hand until September 7, 1871, when he married Martha A., daughter of William and Nancy (Goforth) Hamblen; the product of this union was three children— Mary Almie, Nancy Olive and Essie Myrtle. Mr. Craven has a good f arm^ of sixty acres, which has been cultivated and is well improved, stocked with mules, cattle and hogs, making a very agreeable home and a valuable property — all of which is wholly the consequence of his application and constancy to business. He is a much esteemed and liberal citizen. WILLIAM B. GRAY, was born in Monroe County, Ind., November 19, 1832, and is the ninth of the family of Andrew and Nancy (Bass) Gray, natives of Kentucky. Our subject was I'eared a farmer, obtained a mediocre education, lived at home uritil he was ot age, then went to Illinois, and worked by the month, purchased a saw mill and managed the same for three years, and in 1860, returned to Indiana, where, on the 29th of November, he married Miranda Caughron, of Johnson County, which union gave being to seven children — Andrew W. (deceased), Ida May (deceased), Mary L., Florence E. (deceased), Wilber G., Cyrus Edgar and Miranda (deceased). Mr. Gray enlisted March 1, 1864, in Company I, Twenty-second Regiment Indiana Volunteers, and was in the battles of Rome, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Jone.sboro, Atlanta, Bentonville, and was in the Washington grand review. After his dis- charge, August, 1865, as Corijoral, he resumed the plow. He owns a farm of excellent quality and in high cultivation, with good buildings, barns, orchard and the like — all obtained by his thrift and economy, Mr. Gray is an earnest Republican, an esteemed citizen, and he and wife have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church since the year 1846. REV. ANDREW B. GRAY is a native of Monroe County, Ind., was born March 12, 1834, and is one of six boys and eight girls descended from Andrew and Nancy (Bass) Gray. Andrew was brought up on a farm, and when not engaged in farm duties, during the winters, attended the accessible schools; he afterward went to Asbury University for one year, and then taught five terms in this county. January 15, 1856, he married Sarah J. , daughter of David and Mary Shaffer, and to them were bestowed seven children — G. O. Norman, Addie Bell, Corinne Juliet, Sarah Rox- anna, Mary Alice, Arthur Leon and Charles William. In 1845, Mr. Gray settled "where he now resides, on 40 acres of his father's pre-emption. , August, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, Eighty-second Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, soon after which event he took measles, and was in conse- quence discharged. He is au active Republican, and was appointed to fill a vacancy as Trustee, caused by the real Trustee's enlistment Mr. Gray is an esteemed citizen, one of the county's ablest friends, and he and wife are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. REV. WILLIAM HAMBLEN, minister and farmer, was born in Leo County, Va., July 31, 1814, and is a son of John M. and Mary (Camp- bell) Hamblen, respectively natives of North Carolina and Maryland, and of English and Irish extraction. William Hamblen was reared to farm- ing in Virginia, and learned boot and shoe making, and in 1886 emigrated to this State, entered Government land, and has since made this county his home. In June, 1846, he enlisted for the Mexican war in the Third Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged after six months. Returning home, he followed his trade until 1856, at which time he was ordained a minister of the United Brethren Church, to which HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. 787 he devoted his attention until the year 1872, when he changed to the Methodist Episcopal Church South. June 10, 1839, he married Miss Nancy, daughter of William and Juriah (Barnes) Goforth. Seven chil- dren have crowned this union — Elizabeth Jane, Mary, John William (deceased), Richard, Williamson, Sarah C, and Martha A. Rev. Mr. Hamblen is a Democrat in politics, apd gave his first vote for Martin Van Buren in 1836. As a practical farmer, he has been successful, now own- ing and controlling a farm of forty acres. GEORGE W. HAMBLEN, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in this township August 4, 1847, and is the sixth of seven children descended from Jesse and Rachael (Taggart) Hamblen. George W. was reared at home, assisted his father on the farm, obtained a good common school education, and so continued until manhood. July 2, 1871, he married Miss Mary E., daughter of Alanson and Eliza (Clemons) Corwin, and a native of Bartholomew County, Ind. This union gave being to four children — Edward, Addie, Omer and Nettie. Mr. Hamblen is owner of a 190-acre farm, under good improvement, with valuable stock and em- bellishments, all of which he has acquired by his indomitable will and un aided efforts. He is a worthy and honored citizen of his township, and, with Mrs. Hamblen, a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. DAVID JAMES, dealer in general merchandise, at Spearsville, is a native of Noble County, Ohio, was born February 8, 1849, and is the third of the six, in family born to Theodore and Clarissa (Merry) James, natives of Ohio, and of German extraction. David James attended school and was reared in Ohio. August 17, 1867, he married Miss Hannah, daughter of Abram M. and Helen (Hart) Bryan, and to this happy pair were bestowed seven children, five of whom are living — Or- pha A., Olive B., Gracie M. B., Orvel S. and Reed G. In 1871, Mr. James emigrated to this township, purchased land near Georgetown, farmed four years, then sold, rented land for one year, and engaged in produce-dealing for three years, after which experiment he moved to Spearsville in 1879, and engaged most successfully in his present line. Mr. James has been a useful and diligent citizen, having contributed more, perhaps, to the growth and prosperity of the town than any one other person. He is a Democrat by party preference, a prominent citi- zen, and he, his wife and two daughters are members of the church, of which our subject is an assistant Class Leader. ALFRED A. KNEE, Postmaster, grocerymau and shoe-maker at Spearsville, was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, May 7, 1834, and is the eldest of the ten children of Philip and Prances Knee, natives of Pennsylvania and of German extraction. Alfred A- Knee received his education and grew to mature age in Ohio, where, as well as in Indiana, he taught school for a time. May 7, 1861, he married Elizabeth Sharp, a native of Ohio, who died in 1866, having been the mother of three children, all deceased. August 7, 1862, Mr. Knee enlisted in the One Hundred and Second Ohio Regiment, in which he served three years, being in the Army of the Cumberland. They were at the battle of De- catur, and pursued Gen. Forrest through several towns. In 1863-64, he suffered from rheumatism and otorrhoea, and has since been deaf in the right ear. After his discharge, he followed farming and shoe-making. In 1870, he, married Nancy E. Tracy, of Belmont County, Ohio, but without issue. In 1877, Mr. Knee located in Spearsville as a shoe-maker, 788 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: and December, 1881, engaged in his present business; he was afterward appointed Postmaster, and is yet doing duty. He controls a farm or sixty acres, having good improvements and a number of horses, cattle and hogs. In politics, he is a Republican, and, with Mrs. Knee, a mem- ber of the Christian Church. JAMES W. MoILVAIN was born June 29, 1814, in Belmont County, Ohio, and is a son of Andrew and Anna (Spear) Mcllvain, natives of Delaware, and respectively of Irish aiid English descent. Our subject was reared on a farm and remained, at home until he became of age. April 2, 1835, he married Miss Louisa B. Mead, a native of Virginia, and to their union were granted seven children — Elizabeth (deceased), Joseph A. (killed at the battle of Atlanta), Leander J., James E., Crary J., Milton H. and Lovina Amanda Malvina. Mr. Mcllvain moved to his present residence in 1845, containing 520 acres entered by him in 1841, of which he now has 240 acres, having given considerable to his children. He has long been known for his benevolent acts, and has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, since his eighteenth year; had a ■church built within forty rods of his house, and has been a Steward in that denomination for forty-five years. He was elected Justice of the Peace under the old Constitution; in 1847, one of the three Trustees of township, and again elected Justice in 1874, being commissioned by Oovs. Hendricks and Williams. He beg^n voting with the Bepublicans in 1856, and is a stanch member of that party. He has had a somewhat eventful life, his house having been bored by bullets during the war on account of his adherence to the Union cause. Mr. Mcllvain is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity. LEANDER JOHN McILVAIN, farmer and raiser of stock, was born February 2, 1842, in Belmont County, Ohio, and is the third child of James W. and Louisa (Mead) Mcllvain. Leander J. Mcllvain was reared on a farm, with limited education, aud remained with his parents until August, 1861, when he enlisted in Company H, Eighty-second In- diana Volunteer Infantry, and was engaged at Perryville, Stone River, Murfreesboro, Ch ickamauga, Peach Tree Creek, Buzzard Roost, Missionary Ridge, Atlanta, Savannah, Goldsboro and Sherman's march. He was discharged June, 1865, and returned to active farm life. October 25, 1866, he married Miss Mary A., daughter of William and Mary A. Douglass, and to this union five children were born — Mary L., James William, Henrietta, Minnie Florence and Andrew F. Mr. Mcllvain is a member of the Horse Thief and Felony Detective Societies. In 1867, he located on his present. farm of ninety-eight acres of good land, with improved buildings, orchard, and full supply of stock, etc. In politics he is an active Republican; was commissioned Postmaster in December, 1878. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. EPHRAIM McKEE, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, May 2, 1830, and is the eldest of the seven children de- scended from James and Cassie (Morris) McKee, natives respectively of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and of Irish and Welsh descent. Our sub- ject emigrated from Ohio to this State, with his parents, in 1845; set- tled in this township on Government land, made a home from nature's wilds, and roared and educated a family of six children. After two years, Mr. McKee sold this farm and purchased the tract on which he now resides. It comprises 440 acres, well cultivated, improved, stocked and adorned — a fine property and commodious home. February 17, 1852, HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. 785 he married Phebe A. Stilabwer, a native of Germany, to which unio^ were born Michael, Mary E., Ann Eliza, Caroline, John Hj, and Marth^ Ellen, deceased. Mr. McKee is a practical farmer, who has acquired hi^ property laboriously and honestly. He is a Democrat in politics, and. with his wife, a member of the Lutheran Church. HANNIBAL I. MEAD was the sixth of the seven children born to Joseph and Elizabeth (Grey) Mead, natives of Virginia, and respectively of English and German descent. Our subject was born March 24, 1822, in Virginia. He was reared to labor on a farm, and was carried to Bel- mont County, Ohio, by his parents in 1830; fourteen years later, he moved to this township, entered eighty-four acres, to which he added until he owned 300 acres, and made a comfortable home and a good farm. Octo- ber 4, 1848, he married Miss Nancy Jane Hamblen, of this county, to which union were born three children — Milo Milton (deceased), Florence A. and Louisa Ellen. Mr. Mead was an active Democrat; has served two terms as Township Trustee, three as County Commissioner, and was serving as such at the time of his decease, March 31, 1878. He was a member of the Masonic order, Hnd a benevolent, respected gentleman. His widow is living on the homestead, greatly esteemed by all. JOHN G. MILNES, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Halifax, Eng., was born June 23, 1835, and is descended from William and Han- nah (Greenwood) Milnes, the second of their seven children. These par- ents came to the United States in 1841, landed in New York, came to Johnson County, Ind., purchased a farm, remained three years, thence came to this township, here settled on land and remained until their deaths — he in 1853, she in 1880. John G. Milnes was reared at home, and September 6, 1854, married Elizabeth Ann Porter, a native of Ohio, who gave birth to ten children — William, Louisa, Ann M., Mary E. (de- ceased), John H. (deceased), Charles, Sarah E., Joseph, Ida and Minn'e. Mr. Milnes has in control and is owner of 384 acres, which are improved by good residence, orchard, and stocked with horses, cattle and sheep, the whole acquired by honest labor and frugality. Mr. and Mrs. Milnes are consistent and honored members of the New Light Church, and Mr. Milnes is an upright and esteemed citizen. JAMES P. MOSER, M. D., of Spearsville, is a native of Jackson Township, this county, was born October 11, 1849, and is the fifth of the nine children of Calvin and Margaret (Hunting) Moser. James P. was reared to the duties of fajm work, also attended for some time the schools of his neighborhood, and so applied himself that he was able to teach, which he did for awhile, afterward entering the high school at Bloomingtbn, where he prepared himself to acquire a profession. He further taught school, and later entered the office of Dr. B. S Arwine, of Georgetown, and devoted himself assiduously to the study of medi- cine for two years, afterward attending lectures at, and graduating from, the Cincinnati Medical College, June 14, 1876. August 11, 1870. Dr. Moser married Miss Josephine, daughter of Crawford and Elizabeth Liv- ingston. The result of this union was three children — Laura V., Roston Scott and Elmer Bramble. Dr. Moser located at Georgetown one year after his graduation, thence moving to Spearsville, where he has success- fully and continuously practiced medicine and surgery. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, a Democrat, and was Secretary of Brown County Board of Health in 1883. Dr. and Mrs. Moser are members of the Baptist Church. 790 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: ' JOHN SMITH, farmer and gunsmith, was born in Wayne County, Ind., May Q, 1827, and is the second of fifteen children granted to Charles and Nancy Ann (Langley) Smith, natives respectively of Ten- nessee and North Carolina, and of Scotch and German extraction, who moved to Madison County in 1832, entered and cleared land and made a home. Mrs. Smiih died in 1872, but Mr. Smith is yet living. On this land our subject grew to manhood, and served an apprenticeship to gun- making of seven years, afterward working as a journeyman for two years, and has since followed this business for himself, being one of the best workmen in the State. In January, 1851, he married Miss Lydia E., daughter of Jonathan West, which union has been endeared by eleven children— George W., Charles C, Suwan, JosephE., Jane, Jeremiah, Mary, Alice, Julia, Rebecca and Norah (deceased). Mr. Smith is owner of an improved farm of 155 acres, making a good home, but devotes his time himself wholly to gunsmithing. He is a Freemason and an Odd Fellow; an Independent in politics, and he and wife are members of the Mis- sionary Baptist Church. WILLIAM W. STOCKWELL, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in North Hampton, Mass., February 27,' 1829, and is the third of twelve children born to William and Clarissa W. (Whittemore) Stookwell, na- tives of Massachusetts, and of English extraction. William W. Stock- well grew to manhood at home, and attended the public schools until he becaihe of age. December 6, 1863, he married Mary M. Jerome, which union was crowned by one child — Frank J. Mrs. Stockwell died March 9, 1867. After moving from Ohio to Indiana, Mr. Stockwell became a sub-mail contractor, and after two years came to and located in this township. April 12, 1868, he married Alice A. Wisenberg, with a re- sult of two children — Herbert W. and Florence L. Mr. Stockveell's place comprises 111 acres in good cultivation, and with considerable stock and improvements. He has been for years a correspondent of several lit- erary and scientitio journals in Ohio, New York and this State. He is also author of many poems and songs for camp and fireside; likewise a work embracing incidents in the life of George W. Murray during four years' service in the late war and term of confinement in Libby Prison. AUSTIN F. STOCKWELL is a native of Ravenna, State of Ohio, was born August 25, 1834, and is the fifth of the twelve children of William and Clarissa (Whittemore) Stockwell. Austin P. Stockwell was reared on the home farm, attended school in boyhood, and rekiained with his parents until he reached man's estate. March 26, 1859, he married Miss Mary P., a daughter of Zedoch and Maria Wright, which union was endeared by seven children — Perry A., William E., Yernon E., Alice M., Franklin I., Myrtle N. and Palmer R. The last named, but eldest, born December 14, 1862, has attended the Central Indiana Normal School and Business Institute, thereby fitting himself for an educator, which profession he has followed for four years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and also of the Methodist Episcopal Church. August 17, 1864, our subject enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry; served until the close of the war, and at the battle of Shelby ville Pike, while on a " double-quick," received a fall which has caused permanent disa- bility, and was discharged July 28, 1865. Mr. Stockwell is Treasurer and Quartermaster of Adams Post, G. A. R., and an esteemed and worthy citizen. Mrs. Stockwell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ^ ^ HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. 791 WILLIAM P. TAGGART, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of this township, was born May 28. 1832, and is the second of the nine in family of William and Sarah (Mullis) Taggart, natives of Tennessee, and of Scotch and Irish extraction respectively. Our subject was reared at home, attended the ordinary schools, and assisted his parents. August 6, 1851, he married Zerelda, daughter of L. Eliakim and Nancy Hamblen, to which union were born two children^Amanda Jane and Martin El- bridge. Mr. Taggart has a fine farm of 1,000 acres, which place is well stocked, improved and planted — an enviable possession, which has been wholly acquired by his unflagging industry and astute management. He is a reputable citizen, an honorable gentleman, a voter with the National party, and he and wife have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church for several years. In 1879, Mr. i'aggart engaged in saw-milling on his place most successfully, and in 1880 introduced buhrs for grind- ing corn. JOHN M. UEidH is a native of Eatonsburg, Penn., was born May 30, 1831, and is the. eldest son of David and Ann (Eckenroad) Urieh, who emigrated to Ohio from Pennsylvania, located in Mahoning County, and cleared and established a home. They were natives of Pennsylvania, and parents of ten children — John M., Lucinda, Absalom, Lafayette, Henry, Frank, William (deceased), Laura, Mary and James (deceased). Mr. TJrich left the world in 1850, aged fifty-six. Mrs. U?ich yet survives on the home farm, aged seventy- three. Our subject remained with his mother on the farm until October 14, 1858, at which period he married Miss Eliza M., daughter of William and Clarissa W. Stockwell, which union was cemented by eight children — William W. (deceased), Elmer E., Frank W., Edna A., Ida M., Pearl J. (deceased), Claude C. and John E. Mr. Urich is the owner and manager of a farm of 100 acres of excellent land, productive, cultivated, improved and stocked. He came to this attractive home in 1866, having then removed from Ohio. . He is a respected citizen and a worthy gentleman. Mr. and Mrs. Urich are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JACOB PERRY WALKER, stock-raiser and farmer, was born in Henry County, Ky., January 27, 1828, and is the eldest of the twelve children born to Samuel and Nancy Young Walker, natives of Kentucky and of German extraction, who emigrated to this State in 1839, settled in this county, entered Government land, and reduced the forest and wilderness to a home and a farm. Here they resided thereafter — he closing his life in 1874, leaving his wife to survive him, a member of the Christian Church, as was her husband. John Perry Walker obtained the rudiments of an education, and remained at home until May 26, 1853, when he married Cynthia White, with an issue of seven children, three of whom are living — Emily, David and Nancy M. The mother of these children died April, 1877, and December 12, 1879, he wedded Rachel Amanda Wright. Mr. Walker is owner and director of a farm embracing 240 acres, in good cultivation, with good stock and improvements, giving some attention to raising varieties of stock. He is a member of the Ma- sonic body, a practical farmer, a Democrat in politics, and an upright and respected citizen. SAMUEL WALKER, Trustee of Hamblen Township, is a native of this county, was born February 3, 1847, and is the fourth of the eight children of Charles H. and Jane Rairden Walker, natives of Kentucky. Our subject attended subscription school and worked on the farm, and 792 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: remained at home until a short time before his majority,when he began^to care for himself by working on a farm and then in a saw mill. January 4, 1872, he married Miss Caroline B., daughter of John and Jane Gosser, to which union succeeded two children — Ernest G. and Estal E. Mr. Walker is owner and controller of 160 acres of good and well-improved land, which is fully stocked and equipped, and he is also the proprietor of land on which a church and schoolhouse have been erected. He is a voter of the Democratic stock, and is now serving his second term as Township Trustee, which service is well and worthily appreciated. He has been an industrious, prudent man, and is generally highly respected, Mr. and Mrs. Walker are consistent members of the Christian Church. JOHN M. WALKEE, dealer in dry goods, boots and shoes, grocer- ies, queensware. glassware, etc., at Spearsville, was born in this town- ship April 20, 1855, and is the youngest of the family of Charles H. and Jane Walker. John M. Walker worked for his father and attended school until he was eighteen years old, when he commenced on his own account as a farm hand. January 19, 1882, he married Miss Sarah J., daughter of Hamilton E. and Margaret Heskett, and to this union two children have been born — Elsie M. (deceased) and Verless. In February, 1882, Mr. Walker abandoned the plow and the field, and took up mercantile business at Spearsvile, since which date he has done a thriving and en- couraging trade. He is a first-class business man, an honorable citizen, a Democrat politically, and an advocate of justice and progress. Mrs. Ws,lker is a member of the Christian Church. WILLIAM G. WATSON, stock-raiser and farmer, is a native of Mon- roe County, Ind.; was born November 28, 3833, and is the eldest of the family of ten born to Jonathan and Elizabeth (Steward) Watson, natives of Kentucky, who moved to this township about 1834, where they con- tinued throughout their lives, he dying in 1867, she in 1870, after hav- ing made a home on. entered land. William remained with his parents and attended subscription schools until April 6, 1859, when he married Eachel Parsley, the fruit of which alliance was seven children — Louisa, William E., Steward, James H. (deceased), Laura, Cordia and Eufus. Mr. Watson is the owner of 210 acres of quite well- improved land, which is also fully stocked and adorned, his residence now being- where the great spectacle enterprise had its beginning. Ho votes with tke Demo- cratic party, has served two terms as Assessor of this township, from 1864 to 1868 as Sheriff of the county, and in 1870 was elected Auditor, in which service he gave full satisfaction. Mr. Watson is a member of the Masonic fraternity to the degree of Eoyal Arch, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. SAMUEL WEBBEE, farmer, was born in Noble Countv, Ohio, Octo- ber 27, 1841, and is the third of eight children born to Ira' and Hannah (Moore) Webber, the former a native of Maine, the latter of Virginia, who emigrated to this State in 1865, purchased a farm on Salt Creek, where Mr. Webber died October 13, 1871, and where his wife is yet liv- ing. Samuel Webber grew to almost manhood on the home place, and October 1, 1861, enlisted in Company C, Seventy, seventh Eegiment Ohio Volunteers; served three years and participated in the following engage- ments: Shiloh Jenkins' Ferry and siege of Corinth; was wounded in the leg before Corinth, and still carries the ball; he afterward was as- signed to carpenter tvork, and was wounded in the elbow while building a bridge at Jenkins' Ferry. After his discharge in 1864, he moved to HAMBLEN TOWNSHIP. 79S Indiana in 1865, and April 23 of that year married Bethania C. Harper, who died the succeeding autumn. Mr. Webber thereafter came to this county, and resided with his parents until September 16, 1866, at which period he married Miss Minerva A., daughter of Joshua and Mary. Dean, which union has ,been endeared by five children— Frank E., James H., Charles C, Laura E. and Pearl E. Mr. "Webber is a practical farmer, owning 241 acres, with a good share of stock and numerous improve- ments. He is a member of the Masonic order, and as a Democrat has served his township as Trustee, also as Commissioner, and is a reputable citizen. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. SOLOMON WYATT, of Spearsville, is a native of New Jersey, was. born December 19, 1815, and is the seventh of the nine children of Sol- omon and Sarah Wyatt, natives of Delaware and of English descent. Our subject was reared on a farm in his native State, where he worked on the farm, attended the subscription schools, and afterward served an ap- prenticeship of three years at finink-making in Philadelphia; he then moved westward and located in Belmont County, Ohio, where he remained two years; moved to Indiana in 1848, settled in this township, purchased a farm, and in 1866 moved to this town. December 29, 1861, he married Miss M!ary, daughter of Zephaniah and Catherine (Cleft) Johnson. Mr. Wyatt is a man self-made and independent. He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, by political preference a Democrat, has donated land for building a church near Spearsville, and is a greatly respected citizen. Mrs. Wyatt is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 795 VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. ELDER DAVID M. BECK, ex-County Superintendent, was born February 4, 1836, in Lawrence County, Ind., and is the sixth of ten chil- dren descended from David and Elizabeth (Phillips) Beck, the former a native of North Carolina, the latter of Kentucky, who were married in Washington County, Ind., and in 1850 located in this county, where Mr. Beck remained until death, having given up his ministry a few years pre- viously, which he had followed thirty years. Elder Beck grew to man- hood on a farm, received a practical education, after which he began teaching in Lawrence and Brown Counties, having taught in both twenty- three terms. August, 1872, he commenced his ministrations in the Christian Church, to which he still adheres. In 1877, he was appointed Superintendent of Brown County, and in 1879 re-appointed. September, 1856, he married Miss Mary J. Litten, who died leaving one child, Paris M. (deceased). March 22, 1862, he wedded Mary J. Allen, to which union eight children were born — Julia A., Emma J., Lottie E., William W., Cora A., Laura L., David C. and James A. (deceased). Elder Beck owns a good farm of eighty-three acres, beautifully located, and with many improvements and adornments. He is now a Democrat, also a Prohibitionist, and a worthy, trusted and honored citizen. DR. MAEION A. DUNCAN, physician and surgeon of Bellsville, was born June 9, 1855, in Marion County, Ind., and is the eleventh of the thir- teen children of Alexander and Sarah F. (Redick) Duncan, natives of North Carolina, and respectively of Scotch and Irish descent. Dr. Dun- can was- reared as a farm boy near Nashville, this States attended the common schools, and one term at the State University. When quite a boy he expressed a predilection to be a doctor, and commenced the study of medicine at twenty-two years of age, under Dr. J. M. Cook, with whom he remained one year, then attended lectures at the Ohio Medical Col- lege; returned home, and began practice at Jonesville in 1879. In 1880, he removed to Nashville, staid two years, and finally located at Bells- ville, where he has done well. December 23, 1881, he married Miss Lu- cinda Francis, bom April 24, 1855, the crown of which union has been two children — Pearlie and Varnie. Dr. Duncan is a good business man, a promising physician, an energetic Democrat, and a trusted citizen. Mrs. Duncan is a member of the Christian Church. ARNOLD S. GRIFFITT, M. D., physician and surgeon, was born September 19, 1840, in Morgantown, Ind., and is the sixth of twelve children born to Reuben and Lovina (Shell) Griffitt, both deceased, na- tives of East Tennessee, and of German extraction. Reuben GrifiStt was Justice of the Peace for a number of years, and Postmaster at Morgan- town for thirty-three years. Arnold S. Griffitt worked on a farm until he was twenty-eight years of age; he received the rudiments of an edu- cation in youth, and when twenty-six began studying medicine with Dr. J. L. Grinnell, under whom he remained two years, then attended lect- ures at Louisville University, Kentucky, graduated in 1869, and located at Nashville, where he continued until 1879; removed to Taylorsville for 796 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES : eighteen months, thence to Nashville again until 1882, at which period he purchased seventy-five acres in this township, and farmed in connec- tion with his practice. While at Nashville he was Postmaster four and Pension Examiner two years. September 9, 1861, he wedded Miss Eme- line F. Anderson, who died leaving four children — Lucetta E., Annie 0., Katie and Joseph G. He nest married Mrs. Emma Taggart August 16, 1876. Dr. Griffitt is a member of the Masonic body, an active Repub- lican, and an esteemed citizen. At present Dr. Griffitt is selling goods, holding the positions of Postmaster and Notary Public at Story, as well as medical practitioner. From 1861 to 1866 he taught school. He and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church South. ROBERT HENDE19.S0N, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Jack- son County, Ind., born August 28, 1827, and is the eldest of ten children of Robert and Parmelia (Newkirk) Henderson, the former a native of Vir- ginia, the latter of Indiana. The father of our subject was born 1795, remained in Virginia until he was fourteen years of age, moved thence to Kentucky, thence to Lawrence County, Ind., in 1815, and to this county in 1829. Our subject grew to manbood on a farm, having been brought here when an infant, and remained with his parents until he was twen- ty-three years of age. December 13, 1850, he married Mary A. Davis, from which union sprang eleven children, of whom are living — Emeline, James M., John C. B., Parmelia, Robert M., Benjamin, Jasper and Free- man. Mr. Henderson has a good farm of 200 acres, on which ie lives, also one of 200 acres in Jackson County, which farm is well, improved. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and a Democrat; was elected County Commissioner in 1870, re-elected in 1872, and is now a candi- date for re-election. Mr. Henderson is an excellent citizen, and he and wife are members of the Baptist Church. E. H. MOORE (of the firm of Moore & Tilton, New Bellsville, Ind.) is a native of Coshocton County, Ohio, was born September 19, 1846, and is one of the ten children of Peter and Mary (Nelson) Moore, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and Ohio. The grandfather of our subject, Patrick Moore, emigrated from Ireland, settled in Westmoreland County, Penn., then moved to Ohio, where he came to death, the father of eleven children. Peter Moore was a native of Ohio, bom August 12, 1810; was married in 1832, and in 1850 went to California, where he engaged in mining for two years; then came to this county, where he came to death October 12, 1871: his wife November 10, 1881. Their family were Robert, Susan, John, Laban, James, Irena, Edward, Emmanuel H., Thomas J. and George W. October 4, 1864, our subject entered the war of the rebellion in Company D, One Hundred and Fortieth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war, being dis- charged July, 1865. November 22, 1866, he maiTied Miss Mary E., daughter of Benjamin and Rebecca Moore, a native of Belmont County, Ohio. In 1868, Mr. Moore moved to Grundy County, Mo., and in 1873, returned to this county, where he engaged in farming for a year, then began dealing in tobacco, in which he has since been engaged, now ex- tensively, and in 1881 he opened a store with J. G. Tilton. Mr. and Mrs. Moore have a family of five — Anabel (deceased), Edward L. , Lin- nie M. , Benjamin F. and Clara R. Mr. Moore belongs to the Masonic order and the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOHN T. PING is a native of this county, was born January "29, 1842, and is descended from Job and Christina Ping, natives of Ken- VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP. 797 tucky, where they married, then moved to Bartholomew County, Ind., in 1831, and thence to this county, in 1841, where Mr. Ping closed his life, Tebruary 2, 1883. Mrs. Ping is still living in- this township; their family was William, Catherine, Betty, Logan, Walker, David, Deborah, John T., Silas and Job J. John T., our subject, married in Bartholomew County, Ind., February 2, 1862, Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Jesse and Elizabeth Campbell, and born in Muskingum County, Ohio, July 1, 1841. After marriage, Mr. Ping settled in this township, and Februar)' 7, 1865, enlisted in Company K. One Hundred and Forty-fifth Indiana Kegiment, served until January 21, 1866, when he was discharged. After his return he moved to Bartholomew County, remained until 1870, then returned to this county, where he has since resided, in pursuit of his trade as car- penter. Mr. and Mrs. Ping are parents of six children — Sarah F., Eosalie, Emory (deceased), Cora A. (deceased), Andrew B. and John W. Mr. Ping is a greatly respected citizen. JOHN C. WEKT was born in Preble County, Ohio, November 11, 1809, and is a son of Jacob and Catherine (Balsley) Wert, natives of Fayette County, Penn. The grandfather of our subject, Christian Wert, emigrated from Switzerland to Pennsylvania, before the Revolu- tionary war, where ho wedded Maria Neeley, and moved to Fayette County, where he subsequently died. He was a soldier in the Revolution and the father of six children. Jacob Wert was born in 1784, was a soldier of the war of 1812, was married in Fayette County, Penn., moved to Ohio in 1807, and settled on what is now a part of Cincinnati; this land he sold and moved to Preble County, where he died in 1850, his wife surviving him thirteen years: they were parents of fourteen chil- dren. John C. Wert whan a young man learned the trade of milling, which he followed for a large portion of his time. November 4, 1832, he married Miss Jane E. , daughter of Larkin and Susan (Crisler) Weaver, and a native of Virginia. In 1846, Mr. Wert moved to Aurora, Ind. , worked as a miller, and in 1855 purchased a mill in Ohio County, which he managed until 1867, at which time he came to this county and pur- chased and settled on the farm which is now his home and sustenance. Mr. and Mrs. Wert have been the parents of twelve children — William, James, Maria, Susan, Washington, Amanda, Arabelle, Isabelle (deceased), Thomas (deceased), Charles, Eliza and Harvey. Mr. Wert is a Mason, a Republican and an Odd Fellow. JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. 799 JOHNSON TOWNSHIP. HEZEKIAH AXSON, farmer and stock- raiser, is a native of Yadkin County, N. C, was bom Angust 19, 1831, and is the eldest son of Sam- uel and "Winnie (Mathews) Axson, both natives of North Carolina, and respectively of English and Irish extraction. Samuel Axson moved to Monroe about 1838, and to this county twelve years afterward. Hez- ekiah Axson received a subscription-school education in youth, and re- mained at home until he was twenty-one years old, and followed various occupations, principally farming. September 5, 1861, he entered the service and remained three years, serving in the following battles : Pittsburg Landing, Stone Kiver, Chickamauga and others. He received two gunshot wounds, one in the left thigh, and one in the left shoulder, and was mustered out September 2, 1864. After this experience he re- sumed farming. April 15, 1854, he married Miss Mary Helenburg, a native of Virginia, from which union have sprung seven children — Andy W. (deceased), Mary J., Amanda E., Stanley, Alice M., John T. and Cor- delia. Mr. 'Axson is a member of the M.asonic fraternity, a Republican in politics, and an estimable citizen. His greatest ambition is to leave with his children a good education as a basis for life. DE. JOHN H. LEONARD is a native of Monroe County, was born December 27, 1843, and is the eldest of eleven children bom to William and Lucinda (Grimes) Leonard, both natives of Indiana. William Leonard came with his parents to Monroe County about 1825, of which locality he is yet a resident. John H. was reared a farmer, with such education as the schools afforded, and when seventeen began the business of telegraphing, which he followed until he was thirty years of age, at which time he began to study medicine under Dr. Dowden, at Owens- burg, with whom he studied three years, then attended a course of lect- ures at the Louisville Medical College, and afterward located at Elkins- ville. Brown County, Ind. , in 1876. His first marriage was to Dulcinea Carr, which union was blessed with three children, two having been named — Charles (deceased) and Dora E. After the death of this mother, Dr. Leonard married Miss Louisa E. Stark, by which marriage has been born one daughter — Ida B. Dr. Leonard has a good and growing prac- tice. He is a prominent Democrat, and the present Assessor of the town- ship. He is a trusted physician and a good citizen, and, as is his wife, a members of the CBristian Church. » THOMAS MADGETT, farmer, was born in Ennis, County Clare, Ireland, March 24, 1817, and is a son of John N. and Sarah (Perry) Madgett, the former a native of Ireland, the latter of Canada. John N. Madgett received a good education at an endowed school, and May, 1807, was commissioned Doctor of Pharmacy, and followed that profession throughout his life, having been in a hospital at Ennis; Mr. Madgett died in 1849, and Mrs. Madgett fourteen years before; they were mem- bors of the English Church. Thomas Madgett obtained a classical edu- cation in the land of his birth, passed his early years at farming, and when thirty-eight emigrated to America, lived for a time in New York and Cin- 800 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. «innati, and finally came to this county, where he now lives. He entered achool land at the time, and now has a fine farm under good cultivation. Mr. Madgett is a member of the Masonic fraternity, has been Township Assessor and Township Trustee, and is at present County Commissioner. He is a leading citizen, a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal •Church, and resides with his sisters.