HD 1333 Q5 L^ Cornelt University Library HD 1339.G5LS The distribution of landed 3 1924 013 761 816 Digitized by Microsoft® Nnmber to be i^uoted in ordering, 1. ^ Monographs for Members of Parliament, Parliamentaty Candidates, and other Speakers and Worliers. THE LAND QUESTION. 1. posure of Socialist and Racllcal>8oelalist Fallacies. THE DJstributipn of Landed Property and Heritages, Ab shown by a Re-examination of the New Doomsday Book, Regard being had to ttie Value as well as to the extent of tha Properties. SECOND ISSUE, REVISED A3SD AMPLIFIED, FEBRUARY, 1911. These Monographs are not for Sale, but will be supplied, on application, to Subscribers to the Economic Department of the Liondon Municipal Society, 11, Tothill Street, Westminster, S.W. This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation witli Cornell University Library, 2008. You may use and print this copy in limited quantity for your personal purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partial versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commercial purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® Number to be quoted in ordering, 1. Monographs for Members of Parliament, Parliamentary Candidates, and other Spea/iers and Worfiers. THE LAND QUESTION. 1. Exposure of Socialist and Radical-Socialist Fallacies. THE Distribution of Landed Property and Heritages, As shown by a Re-examination of the New Doomsday Book, Regard being had to the Value as well as to the extent ot the Properties. SECOND ISSUE, REVISED AND AMPLIFIED, FEBRUARY, 1911. These Monogtaphs are not for Sale, but will be supplied, on application, to Subscribers to the Economic Department of the London Municipal Society, 11, Tothill Street, Westminster, S.W, Digitized by Microsoft® G-e L-S Digitized by Microsoft® [MONOGEAPH.] The Distriliution of Landed Property and Heritages, As shown by a Re-examination of the Hew Doomsday Book, Regard being had to the Value as well as to the Extent ot the Properties. Preliminary Observations. In view of the current attacks made on landed property, there is no subject as to which anti-Socialist spealfers are more in need of precise and systematic facts than they, are as to the value and distribution of land in the United Kingdom. It is mainly on ostensible statements with regard to fact that the Radical-Socialist party base their defence of, and secure support for, their aggressive policy. These statements for the most part are absolutely and wildly untrue. For example, the Chancellor of the Exchequer asserts that two-thirds of the soil is owned by 2,500 people. The Ministerial Press declares that " the bulk of the land of London is owned by seven or perhaps by eight individuals." As a matter of fact, the two-thirds of the soil in question are owned not by 2,500 individuals, but by over 19,000. The eight individuals said to own the bulk of the land of London do not own more than one- sixteenth of it, the actual number of owners being more than 34,500. Specific misstatements can be effectively answered only by counter-statements of the truth which are equally specific, but these have not hitherto been accessible to speakers in any collected form, suitable for platform use. The main source of information which we thus far possess with regard to landed property and its distribution generally is comprised in the three great volumes, called the New Doomsday Book, issued in 1875.- Many alterations in rental values have taken place since then, and small properties have largely increased in number, but the general character of tKgiifeefii^Jf MiemstigShstantially changed. Scope of the New Doomsday Book. The New Doomsday Book gives an account of every landowner in the United Kingdom (London alone being omitted) and of the area and the value of each property. House-valaes are not distin- guished from that of the land on which they stand ; the entire rental of the country (allowance being made for London) corresponding substantially with gross amount reviewed for purposes of income tax under Schedule A at the time in question. This great Survey was instigated mainly by Mr. John Bright and others, who deslared that the number of persons who had any direct interest in the soil did not exceed thirty thousand. The Survey showed that the number was in excess Of one million. Twvo great questions to be considered. In dealing with the distribution of landed property two questions are raised, which are distinct, though Radicals find it convenient to confound the one with the other, one being : How is land dis- tributed in respect of area ? The other being : How is land distributed in respect of value ? These two questions will be here treated in connection, and also separately. The political meaning attached to the word "Landlord." In order to understand the fall significance of the facts revealed by the New Doomsday Book, we must recollect the primary sense in which the word landlord is popularly used by anti-landlord reformers. When such persons speak of a landlord and denounce the " landlord class," declaring that they monopolise the whole soil of the country, the class against which they are seeking to foment prejudice consists of persons who own land in such quantities that they are able to live in opulence on the rents paid by tenants. They mean, in short, the peers and the landed gentry. Now we shall be defining this body in the widest possible way if we include in it every owner of more than 1,000 acres. In the imaginatiou of the Radical-Socialist orator and pamphleteer it is really composed exclusively of ownersD^ffge^^yiflljipDgefiSllge is much larger. Radical assertion as to "landlordism" absolutely refuted by the New Doomsday Book. Now, does this class of so-called monopolists own anything like the whole soil of the country in respect of area ? Or does it own anything like the whole soil of the country in respect of annual value ? The various analyses that have been made of the New Doomsday Book all agree in showing that the Socialist and Radical assertion that a small group of rich persons virtually monopolise the whole soil of the country, in respect either of its extent or its value, is a grotesque misstatement. The figures here given are taken from the analyses of Caird, Bateman, Mulhall, Broderick, and from a fresh examination both of Bateman's well-known volume and the New Doomsday Book itself. Thus many particulars are here given which have never been summarised before. THE DISTRIBUTION OF LAND IN TERMS OF AREA. It is impossible to understand the significance of the facts here in question unless one fact is considered, which Radicals and Socialists ignore, and to which few of their opponeiits pay sufficient attention. The total area of the United Kingdom being about 78,000,000 acres, only 48,000,000 of these acres are cultivable or consist of permanent pasture. The remaining 30,000,000 are mountain, moor, and heath, which for some months of the year have some value for purposes of grazing and sport, but are sharply marked oflE from the area described as cultivable by the fact that their value per acre is merely a fraction of the average for the entire kingdom. The area owned by persons holding more than 1,000 acres is inflated to its actual proportions by the fact that the larger properties comprise the larger part of this desert or quasi-desert tract. The following details, so far as they relate to the largest estates, are here summarised for the first time. (!) Estates of 20,000 acres and upwards. The number of estates of 20,000 acres and upwards was, at the date of the New Doomsday Survey, about 420. The total area in round numbers was i9,m^^*^Mprosoft® 6 (H) Estates ranging from 10,000 to 20,000 acres. The number of these was 560, and the total area was about 7,000,000 acres. (lii) Estates ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 acres. The number of these was about 4,400, and the total area about 15,000,000 acres. (iw) Estates ranging from 100 to 1,000 acres. The number of these was nearly 56,000, and the total area about 20,000,000 acres. (v) Estates ranging from 1 to 100 acres. The number of these was 220,000, and the total area was about 10,000,000 acres. (vi) Estates of less tlian 1 acre. The number of these was about 900,000, of which 820,000 were in England and Scotland. The total area was about 200,000 acres. The above figures correspond with the analyses of Caird, Batemau, Mulhall and Broderick, but they contain details omitted by all these writers, namely, the actual extent of estates exceeding 10,000 acres. It will be seen that the peers, and all owners who can be classed amongst the landed gentry, i.e , owners of more than 1,000 acres own only 47,000,000 acres out of 78,000,000. In other words, owners of less tlian 1,000 acres own an area equal to that of the whole of England apart from Yorkshire, that is to say, about 30,000,000 acres. THE DISTRIBUTION OF LAND IN TERMS OF VALUE. The figures just given as to area are enough in themselves to show the absurdity of the Kadical-Socialist assertions that land is a monopoly in the hands of a few great owners ; but such fallacies are exposed with incomparably. more force by a consideration of how the land is distributed when mfJ^^m^^iiMmPMw. Here again we present the reader with certain facts which have never before been summarised, or indeed recognised. . These facts relate to estates exceeding 20,000 acres, and those ranging in exten^ from 10,000 acres to 20,000. (i) Estates of 20,000 acres and upwards. Of the 420 estates exceeding 20,000 acres, 303 were in the north and north-west of Scotland, in Ireland, and in the mountainous parts of Wales, and consisted mainly of tracts neither arable nor permanent pasture. The area of these estates was about 18,000,000 acres out of 25,000,000 acres. The gross rental was about £6,700,000, or 7s. 5d. per acre. The 117 estates, consisting mainly of " cultivable " land, did not exceed 7,000,000 acres in area, the gross rental being about £5,-300,000, or 15s. 6d. an acre. . Gross rental of entire group, about £12,000,000. Area, 25,000,000 acres. (ii) Estates ranging from 10,000 to 20,000 acres. Of the 560 estates between these limits the gross rental was £6,000,000 (the area being about 7,000,000 acres), and the average rent per acre about 193. (iii) Estates ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 acres. Of the 4,400 estates between these limits (total area about 15,000,000 acres) the gross rental was about £20,000,000. Average rent per acre, about 26s. (iv) Estates ranging from 100 to 1,000 acres. Of the 56,000 estates between these limits (total area about 20,000,000 acres) the gross rental was about £28,000,000. Average rent per acre, 28s. (See Appendix C.) (v) Estates ranging from 1 acre to 100 acres. Of the 250,000 (according to Caird 260,000) estates between these limits (total area about 5,000,000 acres) the gross rental was about £21,000,000. Average rent per acre, 85s. Digitized by Microsoft® 8 "" (vi) Estates of less than one acre. These estates, about 9,000,000 in number, amounted to about 200,000 acres. The gross rental was about £38,000,000 Average rent per acre, £190. {See Appendix B.) As is specially pointed out by the compilers of the New Doomsday Book, the area accounted for as representing any rental value whatsoever is short of the total area by some 5,000,000 or 6,000,000 acres. With regard to these unrecorded tracts nothing definite can be said ; but with regard to the distribution of real property, measured in terms of value, the figures, as above tabulated, givei us all that is requisite. Attfention is particularly called to Groups I. and VI.— namely, the owners of more than 20,000 acres ( see Appendix A), and the owners of less than one acre (see Appendix B), the formei' of which has not been analysed in any previous enquiry, whilst the significance and even the existence of the latter has been practically ignored- (•-The rental of these ignored owners of less than one acre, whom Bateman dismisses as " Cottagers,'' and whom Mulhall and others altogether exclude from their computations, is equal to the entire rental of all oivners of more than 1,000 acres. SUMMARY. The following broad facts are commended to the notice of "speakers :— (1) In point of area the owners of estates exceeding 1,000 acres own a territory about equal in extent to Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Yorkshire ; the owners of less than 1,000 acres own a territory equal in extent to Englandj without Yorkshire. (2) But if we estimate the possessions of the two classes, not by area, but by valUe, the income of the former class was, at the time of the New Doomsday Survey, about £38,000,000, and that of the latter about £87,000,000 — a minimum estimate. In othef words, if we suppose all acres to be equal i\\ value, so that value and area Digitized by Microsoft® may oolncidei the possessions of owners of more than 1,000 acres -would be approximately represented by Ireland, and those of the owners of less than 1,000 acres would be approximately represented by England, Wales and Scotland. (3) The financial interest in the acreage of the United Kingdom which was represented by the holders of less than an acre was three times that represented by holders of more than 20,000 acres, about twice that represented by owners of more than 10,000 acres, and only just short of that represented by that of all owners of more than 1,000 acres. It must be recollected that these facts and figures relate to matters as they were more than 30 years ago, and also that London was excluded. Since the date of the New Doomsday Survey, the rental value of the smaller properties has increased, and that of the larger properties has notoriously declined. At the present day, therefore, the financial interest of the " landlord class," i.e., the peers and the landed gentry — is relatively far smaller than it was, and that of other classes of owners greater. Farther, the number of smaller owners is known to have increased enormously. In Ireland alone since 1885 it is known to have increased by 314,000. (See Blue-books Cd. 4809 and 4849 of 1909.) "With regard to London, one of the Memoranda corresponding to this Monograph shows that whilst the seven or eight persons popularly supposed to own the whole soil of the Metropolis do not really own more than one-fifteenth of it, the remainder is owned by persons whose real number amounts, as an identified minimum, to 34,400. (See Appendix D.) (4) Out of a total rent of between £120,000,000 and ^£130,000,000, as shown in the New Doomsday Book, the two extreme classes — those owning more than 1,000 acres, and those owning less than one acre— each took about £38,000,000. The intermediate owners (who are known by this time — see below — to have increased from about 300,000 to over 600,000) took about £48,000,000. In a statistical mgfl^ieiS^^/fejfe^^iyfg^^^'^^^'' ^'^^^^' *^® ^^^ 10 Doomsday Survey is said to establish the sensational fact that, at the date when that Survey was made, " 30,000,000 of the population " of England and Wales were " entirely landless." It may be incidentally observed, as a comment on the accuracy of Socialist statistics, that the entire population of England and Wales, at that time, did not exceed 24,000,000 ; but the main point, to which attention is here called, is this : — When the fact that so many million persons have no freehold interest in land is held np as a scandal, the implication is that, under some possible state of society, everyone of these persons might be landowners. But in order to reach the number of 30,000,000 or even 29,000,000, Socialist statisticians have to include every wife, lad, girl and sucking child in the country. Under no conceivable circumstances could all such persons be landowners. The largest number of landowners possible under any conditions would not be the number of the population, but the number of the heads of families. The number of families in England and Wales, at the time of the New Doomsday Survey, was about 4,800,000. It is admitted by the statisticians of the Labour Party themselves that at the date of the New Doomsday Survey, the number of landowners in England and Wales was very nearly 1,000,000. This means that of all the possible landowners, more than one out of every four were landowners in actuality ; or, in other words, as a statistician of Badical proclivities has admitted, that out of every four house- holders, one was an owner of the ground on which his house was built. Let speakers compare this fact with the absurd Socialist statement that nearly 30,000,000 persons in England and Wales were " entirely landless" at the date of the New Doomsday Survey. Digitized by Microsoft® 11 APPENDIX A. Estates exceed ingr 20,000 acres. The enormous superficial area of these estates is the bugbear of the Radical and Socialist. The Labour Party, in their statistical manual, " The Case for the Labour Party," gives the acreage of the twenty-four largest owners amongst the peers in terms of area ; but refrain from any statement as to the value of the lands in question. The total area of the estates mentioned amounts to about 5,800,000 acres. The rental value amounted only to £1,900,000, or about 6a. 6d. an acre, in spite of the fact that, amongst comparatively valueless tracts, they comprised valuable positions, yielding a normal rental. The average rental per acre for the whole kingdom, as stated in the New Doomsday Book, was about £1 16s. Of the 24 landlords mentioned in " The Case for the Labour Party," the rental of two only amounted to one-half of the average. The greatest of these landlords, with two additions, marked with an asterisk, are given in the subjoined Table : — Scottish Highlands. Area. Rent per acre. Duke of Sutherland (Scottish Estates) 1,000,000 acres £0 1 8 Earl of Breadalbane 438,000 n £0 2 6 *Ross of Balnagowan 356,000 ii £0 11 Earl of Seafleld 305,000 ji £0 5 Marquis of Cony ngham (Irish Estates) 157,000 )i £0 2 2 Marquis of Sligo 119,000 )» £0 3 5 North Wales. *Sir Watkyn Wynn 145,000 » £0 7 Scottish Lowlands. Duke of Buccleuoh 469 000 11 £0 9 6 BarlofHome 106,000 )» £0 10 6 England. Duke of Devonshire 198,000 )) £0 18 4 Doke of Northumberland 186,000 j> £0 19 n/giYiTPrf hy Mirrn<^ni ^® ■ 12 APPENDIX B. Owners of less than one acre. The political importance of this class is so great that we append detailed figures with regard to it, so far as England, Wales and Scotland are concerned. Its relative importance in Ireland was, at the time of the New Doomsday Survey, much smaller. The following figures are abstracted from the New Doomsday Book : — Aggregate rents of and Wales, Bedfordshire... Backs Berks Cambridgeshire Cheshire Cornwall Camberland ... Derbyshire ... Devon Dorset Durham Essex Gloucestershire Herefordshire Herts ... Huntingdonshire Hants Kent Lancashire ... Leicestershire Lincolnshire ... Middlesex owners of less than one acre, in England apart from owners in London. £ ... 127,000 ... 432,000 ... 287,000 ... 557,000 ... 455,000 ... 194,000 10,000 ... 142,000 ... 615,000 ... 974,000 ... 356,000 ... 975,000 ... 1,088,000 ... 1,808,000 43,C00 ... 194,000 ... 444,000 ... 752,000 ... 299,000 ... 3,172,000 ... 462,000 £ 134,000 109,000 118,000 121,000 1,000,000 162,000 310,000 375,000 615,000 167,000 978,000 316,000 1,044,000 114,000 250,000 31,000 923,000 1,056,000 6,537,000 414,000 294,000 621,000 Monmouth Norfolk Northants Northnmberl and Nottingham . . . 0:tfoidshire ... Rutland Salop Somerset Staffordshire . Suffolk Surrey Sussex Warwickshire Westmoreland Wilts Worcestershire _B.R. Yorks Wales (E.R. ... 3n.r. ... (W.R... Owners of Land and Heritages (Scotland) Return 1872-73. Owners of 1 acre and upwards. Estimated Acreage of Property. Gross Annual Value. Average Annual Value per Acre. 19,225 Owners of less than 1 acre. 18,918,517 28,177 £12,898,758 2 13s. 8d. 1 1 1 £5,800,045 18 | £205 16 113,005 Total 132,230 18,946,694 £18,698,804 — See further Analysis ^n^^f^gffJffm^j-fJ^g^^^se of Speakers in Scotland. 13 Analysis. County ok Borough. Total Owners of Land of Estimated Acreage of Gross Annual Total Owners of Land of Estimated Acreage Gross Annual 1 acre and Property. Value. less than of Value. Aberdeen upwards. 1 acre. Property. 869 1,252,100 £ 8. 768,791 4 3,620 1,258 fi S. 82,724 19 „ Borough of 111 764 72,907 17 3,872 1,016 194,425 3 Argyll 581 2,030,148 359,181 4 2,283 800 70,970 6 Ayr 1,272 718,788 900,523 5 7,098 2,122 161,380 10 „ (Kilmarnock) 54 908 17,997 15 952 129 41,350 10 Banff 142 406,939 190,681 3,883 562 36,344 Berwick 453 291,836 355,118 10 1,290 303 22,092 13 Bute 89 138,805 55,038 5 648 167 31,140 1 Caithness 221 471,584 118,193 19 809 179 18,691 14 Clackmannan 90 29,864 64,428 4 1,137 325 33,054 2 Cromarty 14 18,184 10,268 1 217 22 1,696 7 Dumbartou 706 152,968 251,134 1,640 768 74,273 Dumfries 886 676,045 533,784 2 3,291 926 61,727 15 Edinburgh 696 226,223 535,200 1 2,541 555 46,403 5 „ Borough of 240 2,558 252,967 11,306 1,180 1,041,364 Leith „ „ 127 956 111,658 2,062 270 141,446 Elgin 251 302,736 167,940 6 2,313 482 35,764 14 Fife 1,772 302,846 741,379 10 8,638 1,517 164,197 17 Forfar 971 552,708 655,927 1 3,927 1,144 139,654 6 Dundee (Borough) 188 1,879 177,134 17 4,257 263 270,893 4 Haddington 320 171,431 316,324 3 1,191 308 32,885 14 Inverness 292 2,589,152 322,360 1,575 256 39,488 5 Kincardine 195 244,396 236,021 17 1,189 189 17,370 15 Kinross 257 44,802 58,361 4 468 86 6,110 10 Kircudbright 478 571,524 329,304 9 1,908 426 81,655 18 Lanark 1,890 549,232 1,284,592 18 7,227 3,865 451,675 9 „ (Glasgow) 310 3,011 628,374 6 10,681 1,811 1,713,789 14 Linlithgow 287 75,286 215,171 15 1,248 499 33,421 15 Nairn 70 120,636 34,450 7 467 129 7,316 13 Orkney 762 220,725 56,728 7 546 148 5,808 6 Peebles 176 232,302 131,732 15 532 108 10,881 5 Perth 1,057 1,610,905 888,722 13 4,680 1,096 70,642 5 „ (Borough)... 47 589 28,134 1,859 250 60,928 1 Renfrew 657 148,679 396,655 16 2,558 1,242 165,155 7 „ (Paisley) 137 2,675 61,202 17 1,258. 669 79,481 15 „ (Greenock) 102 . 1,788 130,366 7 1,026 268 158,036 6 Ross 324 1,971,309 247,833 17 1,719 373 21,508 3 Roxburgh 575 422,780 392,005 14 1,880 683 64,877 13 Selkirk 168 161,691 87,501 17 538 124 15,527 16 Stirling 848 283,468 413,190 2 3,409 1,283 108,216 9 Sutherland 85 1,299,194 68,602 7 348 59 2,892 ■Wigtown 146 808,800 200,836 1 1,674 287 29,753 3 Zetland 309 305,303 30,030 9 240 80 3,528 10 Totals ... 19,225 18,918,517 12,898,758 2 113,005 28,177 5,800,045 18 —Be kds and Heritages (Scotland). 14 APPENDIX C. Estates from 100 to 1,000 acres. The average extent of the medium estates, from 100 to 1,000 acres, is given by Oaird as 380 acres. A fresh examination of the New Doomsday Book shows that there were, at the date of the ' Survey, nearly 10,500 of such estates in Ireland, about 3,500 of these being in Leinster, and less than 2,500 in Ulster. In Scotland the number just exceeded 3,200. The number in Wales was 4,000. The number for Ireland, Scotland and Wales was approximately 18,000. The number for England was approximately 38,000. Of these between 10,000 and 11,000 were in the five counties of York, Devon, Lincoln, Essex and Kent, something over 27,000 being in the remaining thirty-five counties of England. Digitized by Microsoft® 15 APPENDIX D. Private Ownership of Land in London. London is not included in the New Doomsday Survey. The distribution of freehold property, however, within the London area, has been recently made the subject of a systematic investigation by the London County Council. According to the statisticians of the Socialist and Radical Party, who find their mouthpieces in the Daily News and the Daily Chronicle, the soil of London is practically owned by seven, or at the most eight persons, all of them well- known peers. A picture post-card was not long since issued, called " The Octopus," in which London is shown in the grip of the eight persons in question. The investigations of the London County Council show : — (a) That the London area is 116 square miles, (i) That the eight peers in question do not own more than eight square miles between them. The Duke of West- minster owns three-quarters of a square mile ; Lords Port- man and Howard de Walden half a square mile. The Bedford and the Cadogan estates amount each to about a qiiarter of a square mile. (c) That the largest owners— holding one square mile and up- wards — are corporations {e.g., the Ecclesiastical Commis- sioners, Dulwich College, the Prudential Insurance Com- pany, the Bishop of London, and Paddington Trustees estate) ; and {d) That the number of freeholders (as thus far identified) owning the rest of London amounts to between 34,300 and 34,400. (See accompanying'Memorandum.) Issued by the London Municipal Fooiety, Department of Anti-Socialist Economies, 11, Tothill street, Westminster, S.W. and Printed by G9yi.gp^i5f^^;^,p9b^-^^;jH^p^mes, London, E.G. July, 1911. Digitized by Microsoft® MEMORANDA FOR PLATFORM USE. These Memoranda can be supplied assorted according to the requirements of applicants. EACH MEMORANDUM IS DETACHABLE. Analytical Catalogues of Monographs and Memoranda in preparation. Published by The London Municipal Society Depaptment Of Social Economics, 11, Tothill Street, Weitmlnster, S.W. Printed hy George BerrW>je & Co., 174, Upper Thames Street, B.C. (Copyright.) Memorandum (corresponding to Monograph I on Land). Number to quote in ordering, 1. DISTRIBUTION OF LAND IN TERMS OF AREA (as shown in the latest general record — namely, the New Doomsday Book, 1875). Area of the United Kingdom. England and Wales ... 37,500,000 acres ) Scotland 19,500,000 „ \ Total ... 78,000,000 acres. Ireland 21,000,000 „ ) Permanently occupied area (agricultural and urban) 48,000,000 acres. Mountain, moor, summer grazings, waste, etc. ... 30,000,000 „ Owners of 1,000 Acres and upwards. (The typical representatives of " Landlordism " as understood by Socialists and Radicals.) Number.— Lowest estimate, 5,400 ; highest estimate, 7,200. Area owned.— About 47,000,000 acres. N.B.— In this are included most of the 30,000,000 acres of moor, mountain, waste, etc., mainly in Scotland and Ireland. Owners of less than 1,O0O Acres. (The classes popularly described as "landless.") Number (according to lowest figures), 1,100,000. Area owned (about), 30,000,000 acres. Thus the classes commonly described by Socialists and Radicals as "landless" own an area very nearly equal to the whole of England. Since the date of the New Doomsday Survey 314,000 small owners have been added to the above number in Ireland alone. (See Blue-books' Cd. 4809 and 4849 of 1909.) PuWisLed by The London Municipal Society Department of Social EconomlcB, n. Jothill Struct, Westminster, S.W. Memorandum (corresponding to Monograph I on Land). Kumber to quote in ordering, 2. DISTRIBUTION OF LAND IN TERMS OF VALUE (as shown by tho New Doomsday Book of 1875). Aggregate yearly value of estates of over 1,000 acres ... £38,000,000 1 acre to 1,000 acres ... £49,000,000 less than 1 acre ... £38,000,000 "Vf In all Socialist computations this last class of owners is passed over. THUS, although the owners of more than 1,000 acres held an area about equal to that of Scotland and Ireland and Wales, yet, if all acres were equal in value, These larger owners would only own an area equal to Ireland and Yorkshire : And the owners of less than 1,000 acres would own an area equal to all the rest of England, and the whole of Wales and Scotland. Published b. Tbe London Muni^p_^^«ocig^^^_^^af ^al^^coj^ n.JotMU Street, Westn.in.ter,S.W. ^^^_ .^^^^ Memorandum (supplementary to Monograph I on Land). Number to be quoted in ordering, 3. THE DISTRIBUTION OF LAND AND HERITAGES IN SCOTLAND. A Scotsman, being generally a man with shrewd business instincts, can be readily got to understand that an acre on the top of Ben Nevis is not the same thing as an acre in the Lothians, or in Glasgow, and that the only business way of measuring real property is not by its area but by its value. The following figures are from the New Doomsday Book : — Area of Scotland... Area of properties ^ 1 acre and under) 19,000,000 acres. 28,000 Area of properties ex-^ .„ pgn nnn ceeding 1 acre / 18,920,000 Gross Annual Value. £18,700,000 ,, ,, ,, £5,800,000 ,, ,, ,, £12,900,000 AVERAGE RENT PER ACRE OF PROPERTIES. All Scotland Under one acre One acre to 50 acres 50 to lOO acres lOO to 500 acres ... Over 500 acres Average rent per acre £0 19 11 £205 16 O £20 13 £4 £3 £0 4 O 9 The annual rental of owners of less than one acre in Paisley alone, namely, £79,000 (at the time of the New Doomsday Survey), exceeded that of the entire County of Sutherland. The annual rental of the owners of less than one acre in the boroughs of Leith and Edinburgh e.x;ceeded by £40,000 the rental of the entire County of Inverness, the area of which is 2,500,000 acres. (See Appendix to Monograph on the Distribution of Landed Property.") Published by The London Municipal Society Department Of Social Bconomlcs, 11, Tothill Street, Westminster, S.W. tgLGeorge Berridge & Co., IJ 4- Upper Tliames-SUee t Digilizea oy Microsoft® [Copijrkjht.] Memorandum (supplementing Monograpli I on Land). Number to quote in ordering, 4. PRESENT OWNERSHIP OF LAND IN LONDON. The common Eadical and Socialist cry, on the platform and in the Press, is that the "whole of the land of London," or "the bulk of the land of London," is owned by " eight," or (as is still oftener said) by "seven" persons. The seven or eight persons indicated are well known, and happen to be Peers — e.g., the Dukes of Bedford and "Westminster. Let anti-Socialist speakers master the following facts, as known to the authorities of the London, County Council : — Actual area of the Administrative County of London 116 square miles. Persons and Corporations owning a quarter of a square mile and upwards ■■■ 89 owners. Persons and Corporations owning something over one square mile — e.g., Dulwich College, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, the Bishop of London and Paddington Trustee Estate 14 owners. Owner of about one square mile — Prudential Assurance Company ... ... 1 owner. Persons or Corporations owning three-quarters of a square mile — e.g., Magdalen College and the Duke of Westminster G owners. Persons or Corporations owning half a square mile — e.g., Lords Portman and Howard de Walden 13 owners. Persons or Corporations owning about one quarter of a square mile — e.g., Duke of Bedford, the Cadogan, the New River and Duchy of Cornwall Estates (about) 55 owners. Total area owned by above persons and Corporations 43 square miles. Rest of London 73 square miles. Total number Of freeholders thus far identified 34,400 owners. iS^Take note, as an example of Socialistic Statistics, that 7 or 8 persons are substituted for more than 34,000. Published by The London, Municipal Society Depaptment of Social Economics, 11, Tothlll Street, Westminster, S.W. Printed by Qeorge .Beiridge & Co., 174, Upper Thames &tre£t E.G. [Copyright.] Digitizeaoy Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® > 3 rt- o o SL o* » o. re 3 © "t » 3 D. O 3 » 3 Mf » CD S o ^ » >— > ,-3 % 3 c3 o e-t- s H (D CD 3 o 3 P4 o p pi d > w SD CD S o • & sa o o o 3" CQ o > a > o !« r > o Digitized by Microsoft® *»-'. t ■