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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 3 1924 087 979 468 
 
f ymimm i^s 
 
 
 PORTRAIT OF STOW 
 
 [From the Genllciiiaii s AIai;a-Jnc for 1S37] 
 
The original of tiiis bool< is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924031041589 
 
A 
 
 SURVEY OF LONDON 
 
 BY JOHN STOW 
 
 REPRINTED FROM THE TEXT OF 1603 
 WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES LETHBRIDGE KINGSFORD, MA. 
 
 ST. John's college 
 
 EDITOR OF ' CHRONICLES OF LONDON ' 
 
 VOLUME I 
 
 OXFORD 
 
 AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 
 
 1908 
 
HENRY FROWDE, M.A. 
 
 PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD 
 
 LONDON, EDINBURGH 
 
 NEW YORK AND TORONTO 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Two hundred years ago Thomas Hearne recom- 
 mended that Stow's Survey should be reprinted as 
 a venerable original. No words could express better 
 the intention of the present edition. The not in- 
 frequent misprints and some obvious errors have 
 been corrected, and it has been necessarj' at times to 
 vary the punctuation. But otherwise the text now 
 given follows faithfully the edition of 1603, save that 
 the list of Mayors and Sheriffs has been revised, since 
 the original was in its earlier part so tangled with 
 error that more close reproduction could only have 
 been mischievous. The edition of 1603 was printed 
 for the most part in black letter. In the present 
 edition the Roman type represents the black letter 
 of the original ; the Italic type is used for those 
 passages or phrases which, in 1603, were printed in 
 Roman type. Occasionally it has been necessary in 
 the interest of uniformity to vary the type. But the 
 only changes of importance are the printing in Roman 
 type on i. 117 of the paragraph beginning : ' Hauing 
 thus in generality ' ; and the printing in Italics of the 
 quotations on ii. 96 and 105. The pages of the 1603 
 edition are marked by a | in the text, and by the 
 number of the page (in Italics) in the margin. 
 
 The text of 1603 is followed by a collation with the 
 first edition of 1598, showing all the variations between 
 the two versions. 
 
 Of the making of Notes to such a book as the 
 Survey there need be no end. Critics may be dis- 
 posed to ask once more : ' Why have ye not noted 
 this, or that ? ' But some restriction was necessary. 
 
 a a 
 
iv Preface 
 
 The chief aims of the Notes in this edition have 
 therefore been : to correct any errors of statement 
 or fact which might be found ; to trace as far as 
 possible the sources of Stow's information ; to supple- 
 ment the text with fresh matter from Stow's own 
 collections ; to illustrate it, within a reasonable com- 
 pass, by quotations from contemporary writers. There 
 has been no intention to complete Stow's history. 
 Still less have I endeavoured to carry that history 
 beyond his own time. I have, however, added notes 
 on places and place-names, especially in those cases 
 where Stow had himself given some history, suggested 
 a derivation, or cited obsolete forms. 
 
 The preparation of the text and its passage through 
 the press have been supervised by Mr. C. E. Doble. 
 How much care and pains his labour has entailed, 
 only one who has had some share in it can realize. 
 For myself I have further to thank Mr. Doble both 
 for suggesting to me the undertaking of this edition 
 and for his constant advice and assistance in its per- 
 formance. Mr. Doble has also supplied the Glossary. 
 The map of London circa 1600 has been prepared by 
 Mr. Emery Walker; it is based on a comparison of 
 Stow's text with the maps of Hoefnagel in Braun and 
 Hogenberg's atlas (circa 1560), of Faithorne (1658), 
 and of Morden and Lea (1682). The famous map of 
 Ralph Agas was probably based on Hoefnagel's map. 
 
 I have to thank Dr. R. R. Sharpe, the Records 
 Clerk at the Guildhall, Mr. W. H. Stevenson of 
 St. John's College, Oxford, and Mr. J. A. Herbert 
 of the British Museum for their assistance in various 
 points of difficulty. 
 
 C. L. K. 
 
 January, 1908. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 VOLUME I 
 Introduction : — page 
 
 § I. Life of Stow vii 
 
 §2. The Survey of London ...... xxix 
 
 Appendix to Introduction : — 
 
 I. Notes on the Stow Family xliv 
 
 II. Documents illustrating Stow's Life. 
 
 1. How Stow began to write History and quarrelled 
 
 with Richard Grafton . 
 
 2. Of Stow's quarrel with his brother Thomas, and 
 
 how his mother altered her will 
 
 3. Of Willyam Ditcher alias Tetforde 
 
 4. A dispute over a Bill 
 
 5. The Aleconners' Complaint 
 
 6. A Petition for a Pension . 
 
 7. Royal Benevolence . 
 
 III. Letters to Stow .... 
 
 IV. Select Dedications and Epistles . 
 V. Bibliography .... 
 
 VI. Some Account of Stow's Collections and i\ISS. 
 
 Corrigenda . 
 Title-page of 1603 
 Table of the Chapters 
 Text of 1603 
 
 xlviii 
 
 liii 
 
 Ix 
 
 Ixii 
 
 l.xiii 
 
 Ixvi 
 
 Ixvii 
 
 Ixviii 
 
 Ixxiv 
 
 Ixxxii 
 
 Ixxxvi 
 
 . xciv 
 
vi Contents 
 
 VOLUME II 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Text of 1603 {continued) ....■■■ i 
 
 The Variations of the first edition of the Survey in 1598 
 
 FROM THE Text of 1603 . . • • • -230 
 
 Notes 269 
 
 Supplement to Notes ....•••■ 3^9 
 
 Glossary .....••••• 39^ 
 
 Indexes : 
 
 I. Of Persons 419 
 
 II. Of Places 452 
 
 III. Of Subjects 467 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Portrait of Stow, from the Gentleman s Magazine for 1837 
 
 Frontispiece to Vol. I 
 
 Stow's Tomb in S. Andrew Undershaft, photographed by per- 
 mission from the Original . . . Frontispiece to Vol. II 
 
 Autograph of Stow, from Laud MS. Misc. 557 (in the Bodleian 
 
 Library) ....... on front cover 
 
 From Tanner MS. 464 (i),'f. 155, in the Bodleian Library. 
 
 *ff* This represents the first page of a revised draft for the Chapter on 
 ' Auncient and Present Riuers '. It differs a little from the printed text of 
 1598. See ii. 270,' to follow p. xciv in Vol.1 
 
 Map of London, showing the Wards and Liberties as described by 
 Stow, circa 1600. By Emery Walker. 
 
 Based on a comparison .of Stow's text with the maps of Hoefnagel in 
 Braun and Hogenberg's atlas (circa 1560), of Faithorne (1658), and of 
 Morden and Lea (1682). The information so obtained has been laid down 
 on the first edition of the 25inch Ordnance Map of the Survey of 1873. 
 The plan of the Tower is taken from a drawing made in 1597, and 
 engraved in Vetusta Monumenta. The famous map of Ralph Agas was 
 probably based on Hoefnagel's map . , . to fold out at end of Vol. II 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 § I. Life of Stow 
 
 John Stow, or Stowe (he spelt his name indifferently 
 in either way), the first painful searcher into the reverend 
 antiquities of London, was himself most fittingly a citizen of 
 long descent. His grandfather, Thomas Stow, citizen and 
 Tallow-Chandler, had died about the end of March, 1527, 
 nearly two years after the birth of his famous grandson, and 
 left his body ' to be buried in the little green churchyard of 
 St. Michael, Cornhill, nigh the wall as may be by my father 
 and mother '. Old Thomas Stow was a man of some substance, 
 and could leave his son and namesake twenty pounds in stuff 
 of household and £6 ly. ^d. in plate.^ Thomas Stow, the 
 younger, followed his father's trade; he inherited the great 
 melting-pan with all the instruments belonging thereto, and 
 supplied St. Michael's Church with lamp-oil and candles ; ^ his 
 widow at her death left money to the company of Tallow- 
 Chandlers to follow her corpse. By his wife, Elizabeth,^ he 
 had seven children, of whom the eldest was the antiquary ; 
 the others were three sons, Thomas, William, and John the 
 younger, and three daughters, Joan, Margaret, and Alice.* 
 John the elder was born in the summer of 1525 ; he was 
 seventy-eight when he made his will, on 30 August, 1 603, and 
 is said to have been in his eightieth year at his death.^ 
 
 John's godparents were Edmund Trindle, Robert Smith, 
 and Margaret Dickson, who all, as he dutifully records, lay 
 buried at St. Michael, Cornhill." The second Thomas Stow, 
 who died in 1559/ dwelt at one time in Throgmorton Street^ 
 
 ' Strype, Survey, i, p. i, and ii. 146, an accurate copy of the will from 
 'Tunstal, ff. 89-90', proved April 4, 1527. 
 
 ' Accounts of the Churchwardens, ed. W. H. Overall, pp. 62, 67, 116. 
 
 ' Not Margaret, as stated by Strype {Survey, i. 2), who copied the 
 will incorrectly. See p. xliv below. 
 
 * See Notes on Stow family on pp. xliv-xlviii. 
 
 ° See p. xxvii. * See i. 197, ii. 306. ' See p. xlvi below. 
 
viii Inh^oditctioH 
 
 near the modern Drapers' Hall, where John remembered how 
 his father's garden had been encroached on for the making of 
 Thomas Cromwell's pleasure-grounds, and could recollect to 
 have seen more than two hundred persons served well every 
 day at Lord Cromwell's gate with bread, meat, and drink.^ 
 Of John Stow's other reminiscences of his youth, the most 
 personal is how he had fetched from the farm in Goodman's 
 Fields many a halfpennyworth of milk hot from the kine.^ 
 Of his education he tells us nothing ; it must have been toler- 
 able for his time and station ; but his description of how in 
 his youth he had yearly seen on the eve of St. Bartholomew 
 the scholars of divers grammar-schools repair unto the church- 
 yard of St. Bartholomew hardly suggests that he took a part 
 in their exercises.^ 
 
 John Stow left his ancestral calling, and after serving his 
 apprenticeship to one John Bulley, was admitted to the free- 
 dom of the Merchant Taylors Company on 25 Nov., i547- 
 Though he was for nearly thirty years a working tailor, he 
 remained all his time a member of the subordinate Bachelors 
 or Yeoman Company, and was never admitted to the Livery. 
 Consequently he never held any office in the Company, except 
 that he was one of the Whifflers, or escort of Bachelors, at 
 Harper's and Rowe's pageants when they served as mayor in 
 1561 and 1568.* 
 
 Stow established himself in his business at a house by the 
 well within Aldgate, between Leadenhall and Fenchurch 
 Street, where in 1549, he was witness of an execution ' upon 
 the pavement of my door '.^ Not much later he must have 
 married,^ since some twenty years afterwards he speaks of 
 himself as having three marriageable daughters in service.'' 
 He began soon to bear his part in civic life, and mentions 
 that in 155^ he served on a jury against a sessions of gaol 
 delivery.' In his trade he must have prospered fairly, and 
 
 ' i. 89 and 179. Thomas Cromwell's building in Throgmorton Street 
 was done in 1531-2. John Stow was only six years old. But see i. 
 292, and ii. 337 for another memory of the same time. 
 
 = i. 126. s i. 74. 
 
 ■* Clode, Early History of the Merchant Taylors Company, ii. 299, 267. 
 
 ° i. 144 below. ^ On Stow's wife or wives, see p. xlviii. 
 
 ' See p. Ixii below. « i. 350 below. 
 
Life of Stow ix 
 
 took his brother Thomas to be his apprentice. His patrimony- 
 can have been but small, yet he grew rich enough to spend 
 money freely on the collection of books. Fifteen years would 
 not have been too many for the self-education of a busy if 
 observant man, but from about 1560 onwards he found his 
 chief interest in learning and in the pursuit of our most famous 
 antiquities. His original interest was, he tells us, for divinity, 
 sorency (astrology), and poetry, and he never esteemed history, 
 were it offered never so freely.^ So his first publication was 
 an edition in 156 1 of The workes of Geffrey Chaucer, newly 
 printed, with divers addicions whiche were never in printe 
 before. Stow never lost his interest in early English poetry, 
 but his attention was soon diverted to other studies. In the 
 course of his collecting he became possessed of a manuscript 
 of a treatise. The Tree of the Commonwealth, written by 
 Edmund Dudley. Of this he made a copy in his own hand, 
 and presented it to the author's grandson Robert, afterwards 
 Earl of Leicester. Dudley suggested that Stow should under- 
 take some historical work on his own account.^ The suggestion 
 thus given chimed in with advice from other friendly quarters. 
 In 1563 there appeared Richard Grafton's Abridgement of 
 the Chronicles of England, followed next year by another 
 edition, ' which being little better was as much or more of all 
 men misliked.' ' On this,' says Stow, ' many citizens and 
 others knowing that I had been a searcher after antiquities 
 moved me for the commodity of my country somewhat to 
 travail in setting forth some other abridgement, or summary, 
 and also to write against and reprove Richard Grafton. To 
 the first at length I granted, but to the other utterly refused. 
 About the same time ^ it happened that Thomas Marshe, 
 printer, required me to correct the old common abridgement, 
 
 ' See p. xlix below. In 1558 he had copied out a collection of Lydgate's 
 poems, now Additional MS. •2,0ii2<^ in the British Museum. 
 
 ^ Cf. dedication to 1604 edition of Summary. Stow varies in his dates 
 as to when he began to write on history'; in the Summary iox 1573 he 
 says, ' It is now eight years since, &c.' ; in that for 1587, 23 years ; in that 
 for 1598, 36 years ; and in that for 1604, 45 years. See p. Ixxxi. 
 
 ' The subsequent reference to William Baldwin shows that Marshe's 
 proposal must have been made in the summer of 1563, after the appearance 
 of the first edition of Grafton's Abridgement, but before the second edition 
 of 1564. 
 
X Introduction 
 
 which was at the first collected of Languet and Cooper's 
 Epitome/ but then much corrupted with oft reprinting, and 
 therefore of Richard Grafton so contemned.^ To this 
 request I granted, on condition that some one, which were 
 better learned, might be joined with me, for that it was a 
 study wherein I had never travailed.' 
 
 The required helper was found in William Baldwyn,'' parson 
 of St. Michael at Paul's Gate. But Baldwyn died before he 
 had set hand to the work, and Stow at Marshes request went 
 on alone until a successor could be obtained. ' After I had 
 once begun I could not rest till the same was fully ended. 
 Then I, of mine own mind, went to Grafton's house, and 
 shewed him my book, requiring him not to be offended with 
 my doing, for I meant not to give any such occasion.' Grafton 
 professed gratitude for a long catalogue of his own errors, and 
 they parted in good friendship. But when Stow's Summarie 
 of Englyshe Chronicles appeared, with the licence of the 
 Stationers and authority of the Archbishop,* Grafton began 
 to chafe and think how to put his rival out of credit. Leaving 
 his own Abridgement, he drew out of Stow's Summary ' a book 
 in sexto decimo, which he entitled, A Manuell of Ye Chronicles 
 
 * A Chronicle of the World, begun by Thomas Languet (d. 1545), was 
 completed by Thomas Cooper, afterwards bishop of Winchester, and 
 pubhshed in 1549. It was often, as Stow says, reprinted, e.g. in 1559 by 
 T. Marshe under the editorship of Robert Crowley (see ii. 339 below). 
 Similar was A breviat Cronicle contaynynge all the kinges, Sr'c, first 
 published by John Mitchell or Mychell, of Canterbury, in 1551, of which 
 a later edition, published at London by Tottell in 1 561, was long regarded 
 as the first edition of Stow's Summary. 
 
 * In the Preface to his Abridgement Grafton writes : ' Unto which 
 travayle I was the rather provoked for that I saw used and occupied in 
 every common person's hands a certayne booke bearyng lyke title, 
 wherein was lytle truth and lesse good order.' 
 
 ' No doubt William Baldwin, the chief contributor to the Mirror for 
 Magistrates, and author oi Beware the Cat (see ii. 275 below). His cure 
 and the date of his death were otherwise unrecorded. The identification 
 is helped by a note in Stow's Memoranda (cf. Three Fifteenth Century 
 Chronicles, p. 126), where he relates that when the Romish bishops were 
 taken from the Tower for fear of the plague in Sept. 1563, certain 'prechers 
 prechyd, as it was thought of many wysse men, verie sedyssyowsly, as 
 Baldwyn at PowU's Cross, wyshyng a galows set up in Smythefyld, and 
 ye old byshops and other papestis to be hangyd thereon. Hymselfe dyed 
 of ye plague the next weke aftar.' William Baldwin's writings show him 
 to have been a violent Protestant. Thomas Marshe was printer of 
 Baldwin's works from 1559 onwards. 
 
 * See pp. Ii and Ixxxii below. 
 
Life of Stow xi 
 
 of England from y creacion of y' World tyll anno Ij6j'. In 
 an address to the Stationers Grafton begged that they ' will 
 take such order that there be no briefe abridgementes or 
 chronicles hereafter imprinted '. To his readers he expressed 
 a hope that ' none will show themselves ungentle nor so un- 
 friendly as to abuse me or this my little labour and goodwill, 
 as of late I was abused by one who counterfeited my volume, 
 and hath made my travail to pass under his name'. Stow, 
 nothing daunted, made and dedicated to the Lord Mayor ^ in 
 the beginning of 1566 an abridgement of his Stcmmary. At 
 this his opponent marvellously stormed, and moved the Com- 
 pany of Stationers to threaten Marshe the printer. The 
 Stationers asked Stow to attend at their Hall and meet 
 Grafton. But though he oft came thither, Grafton always 
 made excuses, until finally the Master and Wardens told Stow 
 that they were sorry they had so troubled him at all. 
 
 Such is Stow's own account of the inception of his historical 
 work.^ He and his rival continued to belabour one another 
 merrily. Grafton sneered at the ' memories of superstitious 
 foundations, fables, and lies foolishly stowed together '. Stow 
 was as good in the dedication of his edition of 1567 to the 
 Mayor, ' that through the thundering noise of empty tonnes 
 and unfruitful grafts of Momus ' offspring, it be not over- 
 thrown ' ? Grafton tried to evade the assault by producing 
 a larger work in 1568, a Chronicle at large and mere Historye 
 of the Affayres of Englande. It was but a monstrous com- 
 pilation, and Stow accused him roundly of using others' work 
 without acknowledgement, and of counterfeiting Stow's own 
 list of authorities without having consulted them. Of his 
 edition of his Summary in 1570 Stow writes thus: 'This my 
 latest Summary was by me begun after Whitsuntide, 1569, 
 and finished in print by Michaelmas next following, but not 
 commonly published till Christmas, and therefore entitled in 
 anno 1570, being first viewed by wise and learned worshipful 
 personages, then dedicate and given to the right honourable 
 my lord of Leicester, so to the whole common weal. I have 
 
 ' So he states on p. lii below. But the copy in the British Museum, 
 which appears to be perfect, has no dedication. 
 ' See pp. xlviii to liii below. ' See p. Ixxvii below. 
 
xii Introduction 
 
 not heard the same to be misliked of any, but for that I wrote 
 against the printers of Bede's Chronicle at Louvain (whereof 
 I make none account), till now one whole year after by the 
 foresaid Richard Grafton, a man that of all others hither- 
 towards hath deserved least commendation for his travail in 
 many things — as his own conscience (if he had any) can well 
 testify. But to speak of that his Abridgement he hath but 
 picked feathers from other birds next in his reach.' ^ Editions 
 of Grafton's Abridgement carrying on the warfare had ap- 
 peared in 1570 and 1572. Stow had the last word in his 
 Summary of 1573, fo"^ his opponent was dead, though neither 
 then nor afterwards forgotten. 
 
 Some of Stow's criticisms of Grafton appear trifling enough. 
 We should find no great cause for censure in the omission of 
 all mention of Kings Didantius, Detonus, and Gurguinus,^ 
 nor I suppose would Stow himself have done thirty years later, 
 when study had ripened his knowledge and judgement. On 
 one point, moreover, he did Grafton positive injustice, when 
 he cast doubts on his rival's account of the Chronicle of John 
 Hardyng.^ Grafton had exposed himself to criticism by 
 printing in 1543 two editions of Hardyng's Chronicle, which 
 diiifered considerably the one from the other. Stow had seen 
 another version which, as he said, 'doth almost altogether 
 differ from that which under his name was imprinted by 
 Grafton ' : thus hinting pretty plainly that Grafton had been 
 guilty of deliberate falsification. The truth was that Hardyng 
 himself had repeatedly rewritten his work to please the taste 
 of different patrons.* Still the honours of the quarrel rest 
 with Stow, whose merits as a chronicler were superior to those 
 of Grafton. At the same time his own account reveals him 
 as a self-taught man, who was perhaps too jealous of a 
 reputation that wanted to be established. The persistence of 
 his grievance may perhaps be explained by the fact that the 
 
 ' Harley MS. 367, f. I. See p. xlviii below. 
 
 ^ See p. 1 below. 
 
 ' Epistle to the Reader in Summary for 1573. 
 
 * Hearne relates that a fine copy, which had belonged to Stow, had 
 passed through Sir Simonds D'Ewes to the Harleian Library {Collections, 
 iii. l). This, which is now Harley MS. 661, is one of the most valuable 
 of Hardyng's later versions. 
 
Life of Stow xiii 
 
 controversy had helped to aggravate other troubles, which 
 during this time embittered Stow's life. 
 
 Stow's literary pursuits may have put him out of sympathy 
 with his commercial kinsfolk. Whatever the reason, his 
 associations with his family had been long unhappy. It is 
 possible that there may have been some religious difference, 
 for John was inclined to favour old beliefs, whilst his mother 
 appears to have been Protestant. Strype "^ says that John 
 Stow in 1544 was in great danger by reason of a false accusa- 
 tion brought against him by a priest ; ^ the nature of the 
 charge is not known, but it was possibly on a matter of 
 religion. At all events there was an old family discord, for 
 Thomas Stow must have had some sort of excuse for alleging 
 that during twenty years John had never asked his mother's 
 blessing.* Whatever the reason, old Mistress Stow, soon after 
 her husband's death in 15,59, went to live with her son 
 Thomas, who had quarrelled with John over money matters 
 and by an unwise marriage further strained their relations. 
 Elizabeth Stow was a timid and anxious peacemaker between 
 her children, fearful of giving offence, and governed by who- 
 ever was at hand. One day in the summer of 1568 she came 
 on a visit to John, with whom over ' the best ale and bread 
 and a cold leg of mutton ', she talked too freely on family 
 matters. When the poor soul got home, Thomas and his 
 wife would never let her rest till she had told them all. When 
 it came out that John lamented that Thomas was matched 
 with an harlot, they forced her to change her will and leave 
 her eldest son out of it altogether. Friends of the family 
 intervened, and Thomas, pretending to yield, put John back, 
 but only for five pounds, where all the other children got ten. 
 ' Thus,' says John with a quaint humour, ' was I condemned 
 and paid five pounds for naming Thomas his wife an harlot, 
 
 ^ As seems to be shown by the drift of his comments, cautious enough, 
 in his Memoranda, cf. p. x above. He had many friends of Catholic 
 inclinations. But he also seems to have been on good terms with Foxe 
 the Martyrologist. 
 
 ' Survey, i, p. iii. 
 
 ' Perhaps the same as the man referred to by Wriothesly, Chronicle, 
 ii. 153. 
 
 ' See p. Iv below. 
 
xiv Introduction 
 
 privily only to one body, who knew the same as well as I ; 
 but if he could so punish all men that will more openly say 
 so much he would soon be richer than any lord Mayor of 
 London.' ^ Thomas himself had often said the like and worse 
 in public, and not long after turned his wife out of doors. 
 Not all the neighbours could get him to relent, and when in 
 the evening the poor woman at last stole in, at ten of the clock 
 at night, Thomas, ' being bare-legged, searched and found her, 
 and fell again a beating of her, so that my mother, being sick 
 on a pallet, was fain to creep up, and felt all about the 
 chamber for Thomas his hosen and shoes, and crept down 
 the stairs with them as well as she could, and prayed him to 
 put them on lest he should catch cold. And so my mother 
 stood in her smock more than an hour, entreating him for the 
 Lord's sake to be more quiet.' The poor mother fared like 
 most interveners in matrimonial broils ; for after a while 
 Thomas and his wife went off comfortably to bed, but the 
 old woman caught such a cold that she never rose again. 
 When the parson ^ was called in he, ' though but a stranger 
 new come from the country,' exhorted Mistress Stow to 
 change her unjust will, but was put off by Thomas. Next 
 Master -Rolfe, a priest and son-in-law, persuaded with her 
 ofttimes, but was told to hold his peace, ' for her son's wife 
 was always in one corner or another listening, and she would 
 have a life ten times worse than death if Thomas or his wife 
 should know.' Then John in despair sent his own wife with 
 a pot of cream and strawberries as a peace offering, but only 
 got abuse in return. At last, however, with some trouble, 
 the affair was patched up over a pint of ale. The will re- 
 mained unaltered, so when John got his chance he urged his 
 mother to restore him to his share. To have five pounds 
 
 ' However, in October, 1570, the Master and Wardens of the Merchant 
 Taylors Company intervened to pacify a controversy between Thomas 
 Stow and Thomas Holmes, ' both brethren of this mystery, as well for 
 and concerning undesent and unseemly words spoken uttered and 
 reported by the wife of the said Holmes againste the wyfe of the said 
 Stowe.' Holmes's wife had to apologize, and he to pay 2o.f. to Thomas 
 Stow 'in satisfaction of all lawe and other charges incurred by him.' 
 Clode, Memorials of the Merchant Taylors Company, 1 83-4, Early 
 History, i. 210. 
 
 ^ Richard Mathew, presented 4 July, 1567 (Newcourt, Repertorium, 
 i. 483). 
 
Life of Stow XV 
 
 put out of the will was, he said, but a small matter as com- 
 pared with other things. ' Consider, it must needs offend me 
 much to pay five pounds for one word.' If she would not 
 consent for love of her husband or of himself, John bade her 
 remember : ' I wax old and decay in my occupation and have 
 a great charge of children, and a wife that can neither get nor 
 save.' The poor old woman, who had but late been rejoicing 
 that her children which were dead were alive, pleaded feebly, 
 that if the Lord would suffer her to go abroad again she would 
 undo all : ' so that Thomas and his wife shall not know. 
 That wicked woman, woe worth her, will be my death.' 
 Other relatives and friends tried their influence in vain. The 
 dread of Thomas prevailed. Elizabeth Stow died at Michael- 
 mas, leaving her will unaltered, most of her property to 
 Thomas, only five pounds to her eldest son, and larger legacies 
 to the other children. The day after the funeral the two 
 brothers and Master Rolfe went to the Maiden's Head in 
 Leadenhall,^ where they had a pint of wine with Henry 
 Johnson,^ an old friend of the family, who prayed Thomas 
 to be good to his brother John. 
 
 At this point John Stow's tale breaks off abruptly.* Apart 
 from its extraordinary interest as an unstudied, if somewhat 
 sordid, record of middle-class life in the reign of Elizabeth, it 
 is of the greatest value, for the light which it throws on other 
 incidents in Stow's career, and for its explanation of some 
 allusions in his writings. 
 
 It was probably in the following year that Stow had occasion 
 to address a petition to the alderman of his ward by reason 
 of the annoyance done to him by one William Ditcher and his 
 wife.* It appears that Ditcher, believing that Stow had re- 
 ported him to the Wardmote for setting his frames in the 
 street, came raihng at Stow's door with the most slanderous 
 speech that man or devil could devise. Incited by Thomas 
 Stow, Ditcher soon went to worse conduct, throwing stones 
 
 * Elizabeth Stow's will provided ten shillings for her children and 
 friends to drink withal after her funeral. See p. xlv below. 
 
 ' He was conductor of the choir at St. Michael's at a stipend of 3/. 
 {Churchwardens' Accounts, p. 335). 
 ' See the full narrative on pp. liii to Ix below. 
 
 * See pp. Ix to Ixii below. 
 
xvi Introduction 
 
 at John's apprentice, abusing his wife, calling him in derision 
 of his trade a prick-louse knave, and to crown his offence 
 'adding moreover that the said John hathe made a cronicle 
 of lyes '. Finally, he had told the parson and the deputy of 
 the ward that, 'there cometh none but rogues and rascalls, 
 the vilest in the land, to the house of the said John, which 
 rogues have him from alehouse to alehouse, every day and 
 night till two of the clock in the morning.' 
 
 Whether Stow got any remedy against the scurrilous Ditcher 
 does not appear, for the matter is known only by his draft of 
 the petition. But he had soon to meet a more dangerous 
 accusation. Early in January, 1569, great offence was given 
 to the English Government by the circulation in the City of 
 a manifesto published by the Spanish ambassador on behalf 
 of the Duke of Alva. In this matter Stow was implicated, 
 and on 17 February he was called before the Lord Mayor. 
 In the record of his examination, where he is described as 
 ' John Stowe, merchaunt, a collector of cronycles ', he ad- 
 mitted that he had been lent two copies of the bill in English, 
 whereof he made a copy for himself, and had read it to some 
 neighbours, but never gave copy out of it. The charge was 
 also investigated before the Master and Wardens of Stow's 
 own company, though without attaching any further blame 
 to him.^ 
 
 It was no doubt in connexion with this business of Alva's 
 proclamation that Stow was reported to the Queen's Council 
 for having many dangerous books of superstition in his posses- 
 sion. In consequence direction was given to Bishop Grindal 
 of London to have Stow's house searched. On 24 February 
 Grindal wrote to Cecil enclosing 'a catalogue of Stowe the 
 Taylour his unlawfulle bookes ', together with a report from 
 his chaplains, dated ai February, on which day the search 
 was made. The chief part of this report was as follows : ' He 
 hath a great store of folishe fabulous bokes of olde prynte as 
 of Sir Degory Tryamore, &c. He hath also a great sorte of 
 
 ' See. the depositions at both examinations given in full in Clode's 
 Early History of the Merchant Taylors Company, ii. 299-302. It is 
 remarkable that Stow never refers to this business of Alva's proclamation ' 
 in any of his printed works. . 
 
Life of Stow xvii 
 
 old written English Chronicles both in parchement and in 
 paper, som long, som shorte. He hath besides, as it were, 
 miscellanea of diverse sortes both touching phisicke, surgerye, 
 and herbes, with medicines of experience, and also touching 
 old phantasticall popishe bokes prynted in the olde tyme,with 
 many such also written in olde Englisshe on parchement. 
 All which we have pretermytted to take any inventarye of. 
 We have only taken a note of such bokes as have been lately 
 putt forth in the realme or beyonde the Seas for defence of 
 papistrye : with a note of som of his own devises and writinges 
 touching such matter as he hath gathered for Chronicles, where- 
 aboute he seemeth to have bestowed much travaile. His 
 bokes declare him to be a great favourer of papistrye.' 
 
 The list of objectionable books contains thirty-eight items, 
 and, besides religious works, includes Thomas Stapleton's 
 translation of Bede ; a manuscript of the Flores Historiarum ; -^ 
 ' much rude matter gathered for a summary of a cronacle ' ; 
 and 'A brief collection of matters of Cronicles sins Anno 
 Domini 1563, entered in an old wryten boke of Cronicles 
 bound in borde, wryten as it seemeth with his owne hand '? 
 An entry of Fmtdationes Ecclesiaruni, Monasteriorum, &c., 
 has been erased. The popish books include Thomas Heskyn's 
 Parliament of Christ, Richard Shacklock's Hatchet of Heresy,^ 
 Five Homilies made by Leonard Pbllard,* The manere of the 
 List of Saints, together with other works of such writers as 
 Roger Edgeworth, Richard Smith, Miles Haggerd, and John 
 Rastell. Although these last discoveries of Grindal's chap- 
 lains must have lent some colour to the charge of popish in- 
 clinations, it does not appear that Cecil or the Council 
 thought the business serious enough to require any further 
 notice.^ 
 
 ' Probably Cotton MS. Nero D. v. See p. xcii below. 
 
 " These are Stow's Memoranda, which are contained in Lambeth MS. 
 306, and have been printed by Dr. Gairdner in Three Fifteenth Century 
 Chronicles, pp. 115-47. See further p. xxxvi below. 
 
 ' I suppose the translation of Hosius, De Heresibus, printed at Antwerp 
 in 1565, as A most excellent treatise of the begynnyng of heresy es in our 
 tyyne. 
 
 * Dedicated to Bonner and printed at London, 1556. 
 
 ° Grindal's letter to Cecil and his chaplains' report, with the list of 
 suspected books, are printed from Lansdo-wne MS. 11 in Arber's Tran- 
 
xviii Introdiidion 
 
 It is likely enough that Thomas Stow was the informant 
 against his brother in this matter of Alva's manifesto. From 
 the story of their quarrel it is clear that Thomas was an 
 ignorant man, believing that John practised magic, but sharp 
 enough to see what handle he might find in his brother's 
 strange tastes.^ At all events it was Thomas Stow who set 
 in motion another affair next year. In 1570 John Stow was 
 brought before the Ecclesiastical Commissioners on a charge 
 in seventeen articles made by one that had been his servant 
 after he had defrauded him of his goods, and supported by 
 witnesses of sullied reputation. Stow successfully confounded 
 his accusers before the Archbishop; but when he would 
 have prosecuted them he was answered that there was no 
 remedy against them.^ 
 
 It is plainly with reference to this incident that Stow in his 
 Annales under 1556, when describing the punishment of a false 
 witness, writes as follows : ' The like Justice I once wished to 
 the like accuser of his master and elder brother, but it was 
 answered that in such case could be no remedy, though the 
 accuser himself were in the same fact found the principal 
 offender. Where through it followeth the accuser never 
 shewed sign of shame, but terribly curseth,and blasphemously 
 sweareth he never committed any such act, though the same 
 be registered before the honourable the Queen's Majesty's 
 High Commissioners. And what horrible slanders, by libel- 
 ling and otherwise with threats of murther, he dayly bruiteth 
 against me, the knower of all secrets, God I mean, knoweth.' ^ 
 
 After the lapse of more than twenty years Stow could not 
 forget or forgive the prime authors of his troubles. He never 
 lost the chance of exposing a fable of Grafton's* or of 
 pointing the moral of his brother's iniquity. Against the 
 account of William FitzOsbert he set a note in the first 
 
 script of the Stationers' Registers, i. 181. See also Strype, Survey, i, 
 pp. iv and xxi, and Life of Grindal, pp. 184, 516. The Register of the 
 Privy Council for this year has unfortunately perished. 
 
 ' See p. Ivi below. 
 
 ' Strype, Survey, \, p. iv. 
 
 ' See also a similar entry under this year in the 1587 edition of the 
 Summary Abridged. It was not contained in the 1573 edition, and is 
 omitted in that for 1604. 
 
 * See vol. i. 118, 349. 
 
Life of Stow xix 
 
 edition of the Survey : ' A false accuser of his elder brother, 
 in the end was hanged. God amend or shortly send such an 
 end to such false brethren.' ^ In the original manuscript 
 there appears the significant addition : ' Such a brother have 
 I, God make him penitent. ' How late and long the quarrel 
 continued is shown also by a characteristic note preserved 
 amongst some private memoranda in Stow's collections.^ 
 ' 1599- The last of July, at the qwenes armes taverne by 
 leden hall, in contempte of me the auctor of this boke called 
 the Survey of London, one Smithe, dwellinge at Sopars lane 
 ende, in the company of T. Stowe and othar suche lyke, 
 sayde he marvayled that mention was not made in the saide 
 Survay of qwike sylvar roninge out of the grownde at the 
 buildinge of his howse. More that the auctor set not downe 
 that the parson of Christes Churche lyeth every night with 
 the lord maiors wyfe ; and suche lyke Knavish talke he 
 had to pleasure my bad brother, for he is one of his 
 minstrells.' 
 
 Stow's bitterness may seem excessive. But his obvious 
 anxiety when Thomas, triumphing and swearing, got posses- 
 sion of his book of alchemy,^ shows how real was the danger 
 that Stow incurred through the suspicion of popish inclina- 
 tions, and occult practices. His experiences no doubt taught 
 him that the study of history was likely to prove both safer 
 and more profitable than divinity, poetry, or astrology. 
 Apart from this the chief result of his troubles had been to 
 establish his literary reputation and personal worth. It is 
 probable that he owed his triumph over his enemies in some 
 degree to the favour of Archbishop Parker, whose notice he 
 had attracted some years earlier. Under Parker's direction 
 he assisted in the publication of the Flores Histofiarum in 
 ^5^7, of the Chronicles of Matthew Paris in 1571, and of 
 Walsingham in 1574 ; ' all of which,' writes Stow in his 
 
 ^ See vol. i. 254, and ii. 249 below. In the second edition the last half 
 of this note was omitted. The omission may perhaps be explained by 
 the recent death of Thomas Stow in October, 1602. On the other hand, 
 the reference on ii. 76 is an insertion. 
 
 » Ap. Harley MS. 540, f. 82™. 
 
 ^ See p. Ivi below. 
 
 b2 
 
XX Introduction 
 
 Annales, ' the archbishop received of my hands." ^ His labours 
 soon brought him the acquaintance and friendship of all the 
 leading antiquaries of the day. Such were William Lambarde, 
 ' his loving friend,' ^ whose Perambulation of Kent was the 
 model for the Survey; Henry Savile, who, even in 1575, 
 addressed him as ' good old friend ' ; Camden, at this time 
 usher of Westminster School; John Dee, the celebrated 
 astrologer; Robert Glover, the Somerset herald; William 
 Fleetwood the Recorder^ who was, like Stow, a Merchant 
 Taylor; together with men of scholarly tastes and good 
 position, like William Claxton of Wynyard in Durham, his 
 familiar correspondent during nearly twenty years. It is 
 noteworthy that Stow's friends included several writers of 
 Roman Catholic inclinations as Thomas Martyn, and Henry 
 Ferrers.^ From these and others Stow received counsel in 
 his literary labours and rendered help in return. To Hakluyt 
 he supplied notes on Cabot's voyages from his manuscript 
 (now lost) of Fabyan's Chronicle.* To David Powel he 
 furnished material for The Historie of Cambria.^ Thomas 
 Speght, the editor of Chaucer, he assisted with notes from 
 his own rich collections of ancient poesy.^ 
 
 When the old Society of Antiquaries was formed, about 
 1572, under Parker's patronage, it was natural that Stow 
 should become a member. He certainly belonged to it be- 
 fore February, 1590, and contributed to its discussions a note 
 on the origin of sterling money.'' Amongst his colleagues 
 were Walter Cope, Joseph Holland, William Patten, Francis 
 Tate, and Francis Thynne,* all of whom he counted amongst 
 
 ' p. 1 1 50, ed. 1605. ^ See vol. ii, p. 253. 
 
 " See Letters to Stow on pp. Ixxi, Ixxii. 
 
 * See notes in Chronicles of London, pp. 328-30, 337-8. 
 ° Powel's Preface. See p. Ixxxvii below. 
 
 ° Speght in his Preface acknowledges his debt to Stow, ' whose library 
 hath helped many writers.' 
 
 ' Hearne, Curious Discourses, ii. 318 ; see ii. 278 below. In Askmole 
 MS. 763 f. 19s in the Bodleian Library there is a summons to Stow to 
 attend a meeting of the Society at Garter House on 2 Nov. 1599. On the 
 back of the summons Stow has written some notes on the subject for 
 discussion, ' of the antiquities, etymologic and priviledges of Parishes in 
 England.' 
 
 * Curious Discourses. For the history of the Society see Archaeologia, 
 vol. i, and for a list of the members in 1590, Stow MS. 1045 in the British 
 Museum. See also i. 22, 83, 114, ii. 23, and pp. xxiii, xxxiii below. 
 
Life of Stow xxi 
 
 his friends, and Lord William Howard of Naworth, with 
 whom he had at least some acquaintance.^ 
 
 Stow's editorial work for Parker brought him into association 
 with Reyne Wolfe, the printer, and when Wolfe died in 1573, 
 Stow purchased many of his collections. At the time of his 
 death Wolfe had been preparing a Universal History. His 
 design was carried out on a less ambitious scale under the 
 direction of Raphael Holinshed, to whom Stow lent ' divers 
 rare monuments, ancient writers, and necessary register-books'. 
 To the second edition of Holinshed's Chrotiicles, which ap- 
 peared in 1587, Stow made other contributions, though at 
 a later time he complained that its printing and reprinting 
 without warrant or well-liking had prevented his own intended 
 work. On such a larger history he had long been busy.^ In 
 1580 he had produced The Chronicles of England frovi Brute 
 unto the present year of Christ. This work was written in 
 civic form, the names of the Mayor and Sheriffs being placed 
 at the head of each year. The Chrotiicles were thus only an 
 expansion of the Summary ; but this form was abandoned, 
 when the work appeared twelve years later in a more extensive 
 shape as the Annales of England. The Annales were but a part 
 of what Stow intended, for his laborious collection had by then 
 grown into a large volume, which he would have published as 
 'The History of this Island', had he not been compelled to 
 condescend to the wishes of his printer, who preferred a less 
 ambitious undertaking.^ When the Annales appeared for the 
 last time in 1605 just before the author's death, the ' farre 
 larger volume ', though ready for the press, still awaited 
 a printer ; it appears to have perished, though some 
 part of it may have been embodied in the Successions of the 
 History o/" ^«^/i2«^ published under Stow's name in 1638.* 
 
 ' The History of this Island ' was not the only larger work 
 
 on which Stow laboured in vain. Grindal's chaplains found 
 
 in Stow's study a collection of Fundationes Ecclesiarum^ to 
 
 which, during many years, he appears to have made great 
 
 ' additions. Camden wrote to him for the loan of his Ftmdationes 
 
 ^ See p. Ixx below. 
 
 ' Annales, ed. 1605, p. 1438, and Summarie for 1604, p. 458. 
 
 ^ See p. Ixxix below. * See p. Ixxxvi below. * See p. xvii above. 
 
xxii Introduction 
 
 for four counties, and William Claxton in his latest letter to 
 Stow begged that he might have a copy with the newest 
 augmentations, that so he might preserve it to the collector's 
 never-dying fame.^ Claxton 's fears for the fate of his friend's 
 labours were in part realized. Whether Stow sent him the 
 desired copy or not, the whole original seems now to have 
 perished. Yet part of one or the other passed into the hands 
 of Ralph Starkey, the archivist, who, according to Hearne, 
 possessed some of Stow's manuscripts 'amongst which his 
 Monasticon, out of which Mr. Dodsworth collected several 
 things'.^ Roger Dodsworth's voluminous collections were, 
 after his death in 1654, entrusted to Dugdale, whose celebrated 
 Monasticon Anglicammi was thus in part the outcome of 
 Stow's industry. 
 
 In the midst of such labours Stow nevertheless found time 
 to produce repeated editions of his Summary and its Abridg- 
 ment, and towards the end of a long and busy life set himself 
 to compile his Survey of London, which first appeared in 
 1598, to be followed after five years by a second, much 
 increased, edition. But of this, his most valuable work, more 
 hereafter. 
 
 For the troubles of his middle life Stow may have found 
 some compensation in a peaceful and honoured end. His 
 character had mellowed with age, and he was, perhaps, a little 
 more chary of expressing himself too freely. But for that 
 matter, the order which Elizabeth and her ministers had 
 established in Church and State suited his convictions, and 
 his open dislike for sectarians could do him no harm. His 
 sentiments are shown in his description of Whitgift as a man 
 born for the benefit of his country and the good of his Church. 
 Literary work had, moreover, brought him at the last, not 
 only the friendship of learned men, but a well-deserved 
 reputation with his fellow citizens. 
 
 Though still proud to call himself ' Merchant-Taylor ', he 
 had left his trade,^ and probably at the same time changed his 
 
 ' See p. Ixxiii'below. 
 
 ^ Hearne, Collections, iii. 108, 143, Oxford Hist. Soc. 
 ^ The only reference to his trade which I have found in Stow's books 
 is his note on the prices of cloth in the margin of i. 86 below. 
 
Life of Stow xxiii 
 
 residence to a house in St. Andrew's parish in Lime Street Ward, 
 near the Leadenhall.^ This must have been not long after 1570, 
 since some years previously to 1579 he had been instrumental at 
 a Wardmote inquest in proving the title of his new ward to 
 certain tenements afterwards in that year wrongfully with- 
 drawn.2 In 1584-5 John Stow appears to have been employed 
 as a surveyor of alehouses,^ and in the latter year was one of 
 the collectors in Lime Street Ward of the charges for a muster 
 of four thousand men by the City for the Queen's service. 
 These are two of the few occasions on which he took any 
 active part in civic affairs. He had, as we have seen, never 
 taken up his livery, and, as he tells us, was never a feast- 
 follower.* But his peculiar knowledge was made use of in the 
 service of his Company, who from at least the beginning of 
 1579 paid 'John Stowe, a loving brother of this mistery for 
 divers good considerations them specially moving ' a yearly 
 pension or fee of four pounds.^ This pension was no doubt 
 a practical recognition of his literary merit ; but once, in 1603, 
 he appears as in receipt of a fee of ten shillings for 'great 
 pains by him taken in searching for such as have been 
 mayors, sheriffs, and aldermen of the said company.' * During 
 a controversy between the Lieutenant of the Tower and the 
 City in 1595, Stow is referred to as the ' Fee'd Chronicler ' of 
 the Corporation, and is stated to have lately set out the 
 boundaries of the Liberty of Cree Church.' On 34 Feb., 1601, 
 Stow was one of the persons appointed by the Court of 
 Aldermen to treat with Mr. Tate of the Temple touching the 
 procuring oiLiber Custumarmn and Liber Antiquorum Regum? 
 Stows labours may perhaps have thus earned him some- 
 thing more than a barren reputation ; but, as in the case of 
 many others before and since, his zeal for learning was at the 
 expense of his own advantage. After Stow's death one, who 
 
 ' For letters addressed to him there see pp. Ixviii to Ixxii below. 
 
 * See i. 161-2. He had moved at least as early as 1575 ; perhaps to one 
 of Woodroffe's houses to which he refers on i. 151. 
 
 ' See p. Ixiii. * See vol. ii. 191. 
 
 ° Clode, Memorials, 535 ; Early History, ii. 302. 
 
 * id. i. 264. 
 
 '' Strype, Survey, i. 67 i5. Some memoranda, apparently prepared for 
 the use of the corporation, concerning these claims at the Tower and at 
 St. Martins are given in Harley MS. 540, f. 122. 
 
 ' Munimenta Gildhallae, II, p. xviii. See further p. xxxii below. 
 
xxiv Introduction 
 
 had known him, refused to take up his work, and ' thanked 
 God that he was not yet mad to waste his time, spend 300/. 
 a year, trouble himself and all his friends only to gain assur- 
 ance of endless reproach.' ^ It is too much to assume from 
 this, as some have done, that Stow had spent such an amount 
 yearly on the purchase of books, or even on the pursuit of his 
 studies. Nevertheless it is certain that his substance was 
 consumed to the neglect of his ordinary means of maintenance. 
 Of his Sznnmary in 1598 he writes : - 'It hath cost me many 
 a weary mile's travel, many a hard earned penny and pound, 
 and many a cold winter night's study.' So also in two 
 petitions, which he made, apparently to the City, about 1590, 
 he relates how ' for thirty years past he hath set forth divers 
 somaries and set a good example to posterity. And foras- 
 moche as the travayle to many places for serchynge of sondry 
 records, whereby the varietie of things may come to lyght, 
 cannot but be chargeable to the sayde John more than his 
 habilitie can afforde, &c.' ^ Edmund Howes, in his edition of 
 the Annates, says that Stow ' could never ride, but travelled on 
 foot unto divers chief places of the land to search records '. 
 These and other like references show that Stow in his latter 
 days was in straitened circumstances. But his merits were 
 not, as tradition dating from his own time has alleged, dis- 
 regarded. Robert Dowe, a former master of the Merchant 
 Taylors Company, established in 1592 pensions for some of 
 his poor brethren, and provided specially that one of four 
 pounds should be paid to Stow. In 1600 on Dowe's motion 
 the Company increased their own pension to six pounds ' soe 
 as with the iiij/. he receaveth out of this howse (as one of the 
 almesmen of the said Mr. Robert Dowe) he is on the whole 
 to receave yerely duringe his life a pencion out of and from 
 this companye amounting to the sum of tenn pounds per 
 annum.' When in 1602 Dowe revised his charities he pro- 
 vided specially that one pension should still be paid to Stow, 
 who was not then a working tailor, yet ' notwithstanding in his 
 begynnyng was of the handy craft and now for many yeres 
 
 ^ Howes, Epistle Dedicatorie to Abridgment (1607), reprinted at end of 
 Annates in 1 63 1. 
 
 '^ p. 460 in the margin. ^ For these petitions see p. Ixvi below. 
 
Life of Stow XXV 
 
 hath spent great labour and study in writing of Chronicles 
 and other memorable matters for the good of all posterity.' ^ 
 
 In addition to the pension from his Company, Stow is said 
 to have had an annuity of 8/. from Camden in return for his 
 transcripts of Leland. Ralph Brooke, the herald, who is our 
 authority for this, alleges that Camden had plagiarized Leland 
 in his Britannia, and that Stow lamented the wrong done to 
 Leland both by Camden and Harrison.^ It is probable that 
 Brooke had no better justification than Stow's published 
 censure of Harrison in the Survey.^ Camden no doubt had 
 free access to any collections of Stow's. But the transcripts 
 from Leland were in Stow's possession as late as i598.* It 
 may be that Camden's annuity was paid in anticipation of 
 a promised bequest. 
 
 However, there can be no doubt that, in spite of all help 
 from friends, Stow in his old age found his diminished means 
 too small. He was compelled to seek openly for charity, and 
 James I granted him Letters Patent, first on 8 May, 1603, and 
 again in February and October, 1604, giving him licence to ask 
 and take benevolence.^ It is in reference to this that William 
 Warner in lines prefixed to his Albion's England in 1606 
 wrote : — 
 
 Add Stow's late antiquarian pen, 
 That annal'd for ungrateful men. 
 Next chronicler omit it not. 
 His licenc't basons little got; 
 Lived poorly where he trophies gave, 
 Lies poorly there in noteless grave. 
 
 Ben Jonson has left a note: 'John Stow had monstrous 
 observations in his Chronicle, and was of his craft a tailor. He 
 and I walking alone, he asked two cripples what they would 
 
 1 Clode, Early History, ii. 303-4. . . 
 
 ' A Second Discovery of Errors, p. 47, edited by Anstis m 1723. 
 Brooke himself published A Discoverie of Errotirs, attacking the 
 Britannia which appeared in 1594- He refers repeatedly to Stow as 
 ' Camden's famiHer '. 
 
 ' See vol. i. 348, and ii. 353-4. . 
 
 ♦ This is shown by the fact that a part of the original MS. of the i>urvey 
 is bound up with the transcripts of Leland. See p. xcii below. 
 
 = Cal. State Papers, 1603-10, p. 84. See also p. Ixvii below ; and Strype, 
 Stirvey, i, pp. xii, xiii. 
 
xxvi Introduction 
 
 have to take him to their order '} Thus could Stow turn 
 a merry jest at his poverty ; and yet, as he told Manningham 
 the Diarist, on 17 Dec, 160a, he 'made no gains by his 
 travail '.^ Certainly he had not the means to meet his great 
 charges, and spent for the benefit of posterity what he might 
 have kept for his own need. Yet the tradition of his poverty 
 has been a little exaggerated, and those of his own time were 
 not, according to their customs, negligent of his merits. 
 Warner, in his haste to point a moral, was premature ; for 
 Stow's widow was rich enough to provide a handsome monu- 
 ment, where her husband lay in no noteless grave. Stow 
 himself was not ungrateful for the help given to him, and in 
 1592 presented his Annales to the Merchant Taylors 'as a 
 small monument given to this corporation by him in token of 
 his thankfulness to this company '. 
 
 Stow continued working to the end. The Annales, ' en- 
 creased and continued until this present yeare 1605,' were 
 reissued within a few days of his death. Two years previously 
 he wrote in the Stirvey : ' I have been divers times minded to 
 add certain chapters to this book, but being, by the good 
 pleasure of God, visited with sickness, such as my feet (which 
 have borne me many a mile) have of late refused, once in four 
 or five months to convey me from my bed to my study, and 
 therefore could not do as I would.' ^ 
 
 Howes, in his edition of Stow's Annales, writes of him thus : 
 ' He was tall of stature, lean of body and face, his eyes small 
 and chrystaline, of a pleasant and cheerful countenance ; his 
 sight and memory very good ; very sober, mild, and courteous 
 to any that required his instructions ; and retained the true 
 use of all his senses unto the day of his death, being of an 
 excellent memory. He always protested never to have written 
 anything either for malice, fear, or favour, nor to seek his own 
 particular gain or vainglory ; and that his only pains and care 
 was to write truth. . . . He was very careless of scoffers, back- 
 biters, and detractors. He lived peacefully, and died of the 
 stone coUicke, being four score years of age, and was bui'ied 
 the 8th of April, 1605, in his parish church of St. Andrew's, 
 
 ' Conversations with Drummo7id, p. 36 ; Shakespeare Society. 
 '^ Diary, p. 103 ; Camden Society. ^ Vol. ii. 187-8. 
 
Life of Stow xxvii 
 
 Undershaft ; whose mural monument near unto his grave was 
 there set up at the charges of his wife Elizabeth.' 
 
 The monument, of Derbyshire marble and alabaster, was 
 piously restored by the Merchant Taylors Company in 1905, 
 the three hundredth anniversary of Stow's death. It repre- 
 sents him sitting in his study writing in a book upon his desk, 
 with other books about him. Above it is the motto ' Aut 
 scribenda agere, aut legenda scribere ' ^. The inscription is as 
 follows : 
 
 Memoriae Sacrum. 
 
 _ Resurrectionem in Christo pie expectat Joannes Stowe, 
 ciuis Londiniensis. Qui in antiquis monumentis eruendis, 
 accuratissima diligentia usus Angliae Annales, & ciuitatis 
 Londini Synopsin bene de sua, bene de postera aetate meritus, 
 luculenter scripsit : Vitaeque stadio pie decurso, obiit Aetatis 
 anno 80, die 5 Aprilis 1605. 
 
 Elizabetha coniux, ut perpetuum sui amoris testimonium 
 dolens. 
 
 It is pathetic that Stow, after complaining so bitterly of the 
 defacers of tombs who thrust out the ancient dead to make 
 room for others, should in his turn have suffered the like 
 desecration. Maitland ^ relates that Stow's grave was ' spoiled 
 of his injured remains by certain men in the year 1732, who 
 removed his corpse to make way for another '. 
 
 Besides the effigy on Stow's tomb there is an engraved 
 portrait, which is found in some copies of the 1603 edition of 
 the Survey. Manningham* writes that in Dec, 1603 Stow 
 told him 'that a modell of his picture was found in the 
 Recorder Fleetwood's study, with this inscription, or circum- 
 scription, Johannes Stov^te, Antiquarius Angliae, which 
 now is cutt in brasse, and prefixed in print to his Survay of 
 London '. He sayth of it as Pilat sayd : ' What I have written, 
 I have written ' ; and thinkes himself worthie of that title for 
 
 ^ By a stonemason's error 'STVT' appears instead of AVT. Mr. Philip 
 Norman informs me that previous to the last restoration the word ' avt ' 
 could be read either ' avt ' or ' stvt ', the original and correct lettering 
 not having been obliterated. The iron railing now in front of the 
 monument was copied from one which appears in prints of the eighteenth 
 century. 
 
 2 History of London, ii. 1062. ' Diary, p. 103. 
 
xxviii Introduction 
 
 his paynes, for he hath no gaines by his travaile '. The en- 
 graved copies are dated ' Aetatis suae 77, 1603 '} 
 
 Of Stow's three daughters two survived him and are men- 
 tioned in his will. Julyan, apparently the elder, had married 
 a well-to-do neighbour, Mr. Peter Towers, by whom she had 
 a large family ; three of them died during the great sickness 
 of 1603, when their grandfather made his will; one alone 
 seems to have lived beyond early manhood. The second was 
 Joan Foster, whose husband lived at Warwick, whence she 
 wrote to ask her father's antiquarian help for her very friend 
 and neighbour Oliver Brooke.^ Of his widow Elizabeth I 
 have found no later mention ; but she lived long enough to 
 set up his tomb after 1606, The care with which Stow begged 
 the overseer of his will to take so much pains that his poor 
 wife be not overpressed to take any wrong, suggests that she 
 was one and the same with the wife who forty years before 
 could neither get nor save.^ 
 
 § 2. The Survey of London 
 
 The Survey of London is the book of a life. On it the 
 author's peculiar title to fame now rests. Yet probably he 
 himself had regarded it as somewhat of a relaxation from his 
 more serious labours on general English history. The range 
 of his research puts Stow outside the class of ' lay chroni- 
 graphers that write of nothing but of Mayors and Sherrifs, 
 and the dere yere, and the great frost'.* He has an indis- 
 putable right to our regard for the amount of information, 
 which he collected and preserved. Yet when this is admitted, 
 the Annates entitle him to little other distinction than that 
 which belongs to a painstaking seeker after truth, who brought 
 the results of his toil into a chronologically exact narrative, 
 without the power to impress them with any greater vitality.® 
 
 ' This portrait, given as a frontispiece to this volume, was first reproduced 
 in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1837. 
 
 " See pp. Ixx, Ixxi below. ' See pp. xlv and Iviii. 
 
 * Nash, in Pierce Penilesse, ap. Works, ii. 62. This was written in 1 592, 
 when Stow had published only his Swnmarie and Chronicles of England, 
 to which it applies well enough. Next year, in Strange Newes, &c. 
 {Works, ii. 265), Nash wrote: 'Chroniclers heare my prayers; good 
 Maister Stowe be not unmindfull of him.' 
 
 ^ Camden, when sending to Abraham Ortelius, in 1 580, a copy of Stow's 
 
The Survey of London xxix 
 
 Had he done no more, he would be no more remembered than 
 are others, who did good work enough in and for their own 
 generation. The Survey stands upon quite other ground. 
 In it Stow built himself a monument for all time, and has 
 left a record instinct with life. It is at once the summary of 
 sixty observant years, and a vivid picture of London as he 
 saw it. 
 
 Stow possessed in a peculiar degree the qualities necessary 
 for such a work, and the time at which he wrote was excep- 
 tionally favourable. In his day he witnessed the passing of 
 mediaevalism and the birth of the modern capital. His youth 
 was spent in that declining time of charity and other good old 
 customs, when he might behold with his own eyes the lordly 
 munificence and pomp of prelates and nobles.^ He had seen 
 the Prior of Trinity ride in civic procession amongst the alder- 
 men.2 He could dimly recollect how the Dean and Chapter 
 of St. Paul's in their copes and vestments, with garlands of 
 roses on their heads, received a buck at the high altar on the 
 feast of the commemoration of their patron saint.^ In his 
 middle age he lamented the greed and violence of professed 
 reformers, and in his last years saw the growth of a new order. 
 He had served his apprenticeship whilst the ancient guild-life 
 still retained its power, but lived to see its bonds broken and 
 a fresh dispensation come into being. He remembered pleasant 
 walks and green fields where in his late days there were only 
 streets and houses. He had seen the City spread on every 
 side, till the approaches were blocked by unseemly enclosures, 
 and even within its ancient bounds remarked how open spaces 
 had come to be pestered with small tenements. His own 
 sympathies were with the old ways. He recalled with regret 
 ancient buildings that had perished in the wreck of change or 
 through greed of gain. He had loved them for their beauty, 
 and, as we may suppose, cherished their memory for the sake 
 of what they symbolized. He had grown to manhood before 
 the Reformation, and all that it entailed, was accomplished, 
 
 'Annales' {The Chronicles) writes: 'Hominem opinor nosti, eius indu- 
 striam laudant nostrates, sed iudiciutn nonnunquam requirunt. Eius modi 
 est hoc opus ut inter nostros Chronographos non posteriores ferat.' 
 Camdeni Epistolae, p. 12, ed. T. Smith, 1691. 
 ' i. 89. ^ i. 141- ^ '■ 334- 
 
XXX Introduction 
 
 and his studies must have strengthened the associations of his 
 youth. Yet he lived to feel in his ovi^n old age the warmth of 
 the nation's new life. He was proud of the increased prosperity 
 of his native city, and of the new state with which the wealth 
 of her citizens adorned her. Whatever lurking sympathy he 
 might have felt for the old faith was lost in the deep loyalty 
 of a true Elizabethan, who feared lest seditious religion 
 might be a betraying unto Spanish invasion and tyranny. If 
 thus he wrote down his Survey ofttimes in the spirit of the 
 past, he closed it in confident hope for the long enjoyment of 
 the good estate of this city.^ 
 
 If Stow was fortunate in the time of his writing he was 
 fortunate also in his own qualities. A long life, a retentive 
 memory, a zeal for accumulating material, and the painstaking 
 capacity for giving it shape, enabled him to turn his oppor- 
 tunity to the best advantage. He disclaims any early interest 
 in history, but his passion for antiquity dated from his 
 youth. Towards the end of his life he told George Buck of 
 how he had talked with old men who remembered Richard III 
 as a comely prince,^ and his own history of that time is based 
 admittedly on what he had heard as well as on what he had 
 read. He had a curious faculty for minute observation and 
 for graphic description of small detail. This power he 
 practised most in his autobiographical fragments, whether 
 those which he left in manuscript, or those which are em- 
 bedded as the most charming passages in the Survey. But 
 indeed the whole book is full with the fruits of the writer's 
 observation. 
 
 The main framework of the Survey was based on a per- 
 ambulation of the several wards of the City, which Stow 
 accomplished with scrupulous care and verified from his 
 ample collections. The compass of Elizabethan London was 
 small, not extending very far beyond the walls or bars, 
 and with the whole of that small compass a single man 
 could easily be familiar. So there is scarcely a ward to the 
 history of which Stow could not contribute something from 
 his own knowledge or memory. Now it is the recollection of 
 
 ^ ii. 196. 
 
 " Buck, His/, of Richard III, ap. Kennet, Complete History, i. 548. 
 
The Survey of Londofi xxxi 
 
 some old custom of his youth. Here he calls to mind the 
 beauty of the perished bell-tower at Clerkenwell,^ or describes, 
 perhaps not too accurately, the decoration of the old Black- 
 well Hall.^ Here he tells of an inscription which owed its 
 preservation to his care,^ and elsewhere of antiquities and 
 remains discovered in the course of excavations, which he 
 had witnessed.* But his chance memories, though frequent 
 and interesting, are of less value than his deliberate record of 
 what he sought for. Every church was visited, and all note- 
 worthy monuments carefully described ; though, as he told 
 Manningham,^ he omitted many new monuments, 'because 
 those men have been the defacers of the monuments of others, 
 and so worthy to be deprived of that memory whereof they 
 have injuriously robbed others.' Often in the Survey he 
 laments such irreverent defacement, or the greedy spoliation 
 of ancient tombs ; and sometimes he had to supply gaps from 
 written records, where such were available. He did not scorn 
 to question the oldest inhabitant on the history of a for- 
 gotten or nameless grave, or to cross-examine the host and 
 his ostler for the story of Gerard the giant.® 
 
 In the same spirit of eager inquiry he had thought to obtain 
 from the chief City Companies what might sound to their 
 worship and commendation, that so he might write of them 
 more at large. But when he met with a rather surly rebuff 
 from the Vintners, he was somewhat discouraged any further 
 to travail.'' Perhaps also he began to find his material out- 
 grow his space, and felt the less inclined to pursue such a wide 
 inquiry. To the records of his own Company he no doubt had 
 access, and of its early history he gives some account, though 
 with less detail than might have been expected.* 
 
 Of the City Records Stow made far more abundant use, 
 and the score of occasions on which he cites them specifically 
 do not at all represent the extent of his indebtedness. Some 
 
 1 ii. 84. ' i- 287 ; ii. 337. 
 
 ' i. 40. 
 
 * i. 38, 138, 168-70; ii. 43- 
 
 ° Diary, p. 103. Stow's lists confirm the story. 
 « i. 348 ; ii. 353- 
 ' ii. 247. 
 
 * i, pp. 1 8 1-2. 
 
xxxii Introduction 
 
 of these Records, to wit the Liber Custuniarum, and possibly 
 others also, were at this time in private hands.i and readily 
 accessible to Stow. But Stow as the 'fee'd Chronicler' of 
 the Corporation was no doubt given free permission to consult 
 the records which were still at the Guildhall. He had made 
 some use of the Liber Home, and still more of the Liber 
 Duntkorne, and he refers occasionally by name, and very often 
 in fact, to the Letter-books? Once, at all events, he refers to 
 the City Journals? Probably also he owed his extensive 
 knowledge of wills in part to the Htisting Rolls, though copies 
 of important wills were often preserved elsewhere, as in the 
 muniments of interested parishes. 
 
 Stow is said to have received assistance from Robert Bowyer,* 
 the Keeper of the Records ; but Bowyer did not become keeper 
 till 1604, though he was apparently in official service at an 
 earlier date. It is clear from his frequent and accurate cita- 
 tions, especially from the Patent Rolls and Inquisitions post 
 mortem, that Stow obtained abundant extracts from the records 
 in the Tower.° This he might have done through Bowyer, or 
 through Michael Heneage, who was keeper from 1578 to 1600, 
 or Thomas Talbot, who was Heneage's clerk ; Heneage and 
 
 ' The Liber Custumarwn and Liber Aniiquorum Regum, with some 
 others, had been lent to Fleetwood the Recorder about 1576, for the 
 preparation of the volume which now bears his name. At Fleetwood's 
 death, in 1594, they passed by some means into the hands of Stow's friend 
 Francis Tate, and ultimately into those of Sir Robert Cotton. In 1601 
 Stow was helping the Corporation in an endeavour to recover their 
 property (see p. xxiii above). Through Tate's agency the Liber Anti- 
 quorum Regum and part of the Liber Cusiumarum were restored in 1608. 
 Cotton gave up the Liber Fleetwood in 16 10; but even then retained a 
 part of the Liber Custumarwn, now Cotton MS. Claudius D. ii. The 
 Liber Custumarum and Liber Home were probably compiled by Andrew 
 Home {d. 1328) the City Chamberlain. The Liber Albus was prepared 
 about 1419 by John Carpenter. The Liber Duntkorne was compiled from 
 Letter-books and other sources (as the Trinity Cartulary) by William 
 Dunthome, the Town Clerk, between 1461 and 1490. The Liber Con- 
 stitutionis which Stow quotes in three places (i. 83, ii. 8, 124) I have not 
 been able to identify. For the Liber Albus and Liber Custumarum see 
 Riley's Munimenta Gildhallae in the Rolls Series. 
 
 * See i. 157, 308, and Notes/a«z»/. 
 ' ii. 294. 
 
 * Heame, Curious Discourses, ii. 442-3 ; see also Cal. State Papers, 
 1595-7, pp. 10, 509, and 1603-10, pp. 178, 568. Bowyer was a member 
 of the Society of Antiquaries in November, 1599 : see Ashmole MS. 763, 
 f. 196. 
 
 ^ See Notes and Supplement passim. 
 
The Survey of London xxxiii 
 
 Talbot were both members of the Society of Antiquaries. 
 However, the letter from his daughter, and his own statements, 
 show that Stow himself made searches at the Tower.^ 
 
 Other minor records were not neglected. Stow refers once 
 to the Church-book of his own parish of St. Andrew Under- 
 shaft,2 and in another place to that of St. Mildred, Poultry ; ^ 
 it is evident also that he had consulted the Church-books of 
 St. Stephen, Coleman Street, and St. Stephen, Walbrook.* 
 Probably much of his information as to chantries and charities 
 was derived from such sources. 
 
 Stow's work on records was surprisingly good, but was 
 necessarily imperfect. In other directions his services to 
 posterity were even more precious. With the break-up of 
 the Monasteries their muniments were in danger of destruction. 
 What was saved from the wreck we owe to the care of Stow 
 and others like him. Several of the most important Cartu- 
 laries for London history were in his possession. Such were 
 the invaluable Register of Holy Trinity, Aldgate ; the Cartu- 
 laries of the Nuns' Priory and the Hospital of St. John at 
 Clerkenwell ; the Liber Papie or Register of St. Augustine 
 Papey ; and the Liber S. Bartholomei, a history of St. 
 Bartholomew's Priory ^. If he did not himself possess, he had 
 access also to, cartularies of St. Mary Overy," of the College 
 of St. Martin-le-Grand,'' and of Colchester Abbey.* The 
 Dunmow Chronicle of Nicholas de Bromfield is preserved 
 only in his transcript.' He appears also to have owned the 
 original Liber S. Mariae Eborimi, which Francis Thynne 
 copied as An Anominalle Chronicle ^1381, our most valuable 
 account of the Peasants' Revolt in London.^" No doubt the 
 large collections of Thynne and other friends like Glover, 
 
 1 See pp. Ixvii, Ixxi, and ii. 246. 
 
 "^ See i. 241. ' See ii. 330. * See i. 227 and ii. 317. 
 
 ° As to these see p. xcii below. ° See i. 244, ii. 63, 324-6, 353. 
 
 '' See i. 307. * See i. 254. ^ See p. xcii. 
 
 ^^ Preserved only by Thynne's copy in Stowe MS. 1047. See ii. 366 
 below. In the same volume are extracts from a Chronicle of the Kings 
 of Man, and the Ledger Book of Osney (now at Christ Church, Oxford), 
 which Thynne had borrowed from Stow. For instances of Stow's in- 
 debtedness to friends see the account of his own Collections on pp. Ixxxvii 
 to xcii below. The letters of his friends illustrate what community of 
 assistance there was between the antiquaries of the day. 
 
 STOW. I C 
 
xxxiv Introduction 
 
 Fleetwood, and Camden were at his service. The report of 
 Grindal's chaplains on their search of Stow's study in 1569 
 proves that he had even thus early accumulated a great mass 
 of material. The letters of his friends show the repute in 
 which ' Stow's Storehouse ', and especially his Fundationes 
 Ecclesiarum, was held.^ Not the least of his treasures were his 
 transcripts of Leiand's Collections, to which reference has 
 already been made.^ 
 
 With the works of the great mediaeval historians, as William 
 of Malmesbury, Henry of Huntingdon, Roger Hoveden, Mat- 
 thew Paris, the Flores Hisioriartim, Knighton, and Walsingham 
 Stow was familiar, and of most if not of all he possessed 
 valuable manuscripts. He used also many minor authorities,* 
 and more than one document of interest exists only in his 
 transcript.* But for his own peculiar purpose in the Survey 
 the old Chronicles of London were of greater value, and 
 of them he made constant use. His own Summary and 
 Chronicles were, so to say, in form, and to a great extent in 
 matter, the direct descendants of the ancient civic histories. 
 Stow himself possessed or used at least three of the copies of 
 the Chronicles of London which still survive, and made some 
 notes in them all. Two of these have been printed, viz. the 
 Short English Chronicle ivota Lambeth MS. 0^06 \n Dr. Gaird- 
 ner's Three Fifteenth Century Chronicles, and the more valuable 
 and important copy in Cotton MS. Vitellius A. xvi, which is 
 included in my own volume of Chronicles of London. The 
 third is contained in Harley Roll C. 8, which is no doubt one 
 of the ' old Registers ' which Stow searched for information 
 on the portreeves and early governors of the City.* But these 
 
 ' See pp. Ixix to Ixxii. ' See p. xxv above. 
 
 ' As the Chronicon Angliae, 1328-88 (i. 71, ii. 168-9) ! monastic annals 
 like those of Bermondsey (ii. 66-7) and Dunstable (ii. 49) ; Walter 
 of Coventry (i. 24) ; Peter of Ickham (i. 89) ; William de Chambre (i. 90, 
 ii. 99) ; and the pseudo-Ingulph (i. 72, ii. 112, 128). 
 
 * e. g. The Arrivall of Edward IV, and The Chronicle of Calais in 
 Harley MSB. 542, 543. See p. xc below. 
 
 ° See p. xcii and note on ii. 382 below. The Chronicle in Harley 
 Roll C. 8, is very similar to the Short English Chronicle referred to above. 
 But even in the earlier portions it contains some additions ; from 1400 
 to 1434 it is very meagre; from 1434 to 1451 it resembles closely the 
 fuller copy in Cotton MS. Julius B. I (see Nicolas, Chronicle of London, 
 
The Sitrvey of London xxxv 
 
 were not the only copies with which he was acquainted, as 
 appears from various references in his printed works,^ and from 
 fragments and transcripts presei-ved amongst his Collections? 
 It is clear, moreover, that Stow had used the longer original 
 of the Vitellius Chronicle,^ whether at first hand, or through 
 the medium of a lost work of Fabyan. Of Fabyan himself 
 Stow has left an interesting note : * ' He wrote a Chronicle of 
 London, England and of France, beginning at the creation, and 
 endynge in the third of Henry the 8, which both I have in 
 writen hand.'= The second edition of Fabyan's Chronicle, 
 which appeared in 1532, included continuations to 1509. But 
 for these it is unlikely that Fabyan was in any sense respon- 
 sible, and it is certain that his original work ended with 1485. 
 But both in his Survey and in his Annales Stow several times 
 quotes ' Ro. Fabian ', or ' Fabian's manuscript ', as his authority 
 for incidents between 1485 and 1513.'^ These citations agree 
 with nothing in the printed continuations, and where they 
 correspond with passages in the Vitellius Chronicle are some- 
 times fuller. A possible solution is that Fabyan had himself 
 composed a continuation of his original work, which was 
 superior to those supplied in the printed editions. Of this 
 manuscript continuation all trace has now perished, except for 
 Stows record and occasional quotations. The gap between 
 the end of Fabyan's manuscript and the beginning of Stow's 
 own life was not long. For the greater part of the reign of 
 Henry VHI he was dependent chiefly on Hall's Chronicle, 
 supplemented by the London Annals in Harley MS. 540. 
 But for the last sixty years of his history he writes from his 
 own knowledge, at first of memory, and afterwards of record 
 
 pp. 133-7, and 171-3) ; it ends with 1463, the notices for the later years 
 again resembling the Short English Chronicle. 
 
 ^ e. g. The notices on the affair of Laurence Duket in 1 284, the play at 
 Skinners WeU in 1409, the piracy on the Thames in 1440, and the fight 
 at Smithfield in 1442. See i. 93, 254 ; ii. 32, 71. 
 
 ' Ap. Harley MSS. 367, 530, 540, 541, and 543. See further pp. Ixxxviii 
 to xc below. 
 
 ' Cf. ii. 310. * See ii. 305 below. 
 
 ^ One may possibly be the Cotton MS. Nero C. xi. 
 
 ° See i. 181, 209; ii. 55, 116 below. It is probable that some other 
 matter comes from the same source, as the notes for 1504-5 in i. 67 
 and ii. 62. 
 
 c 2 
 
xxxvi Introduction 
 
 set down systematically year by year for his Sumniary and 
 Annates} Between Feb., 1561 and July, 1567 at all events he 
 kept some sort of Diary .^ The greater part of this was made 
 use of for the An/iales, but some matters it would clearly 
 have been unwise to print. This Diary ends just before the 
 beginning of his troubles. The search of his library by 
 Grindal may have warned him to keep no more any such 
 dangerous document. 
 
 Stow himself tells us that the idea of his Survey was 
 suggested by Lambarde's Perambulation of Kent, which first 
 appeared in 1574. He writes modestly that at the desire and 
 persuasion of friends he handled the argument after plain 
 manner rather than leave it unperformed. From the Letters 
 Patent of James I it appears that Stow had spent eight years 
 on the preparation of his Survey, and since the first edition 
 was published in 1598 he must have been long past sixty 
 years of age when he began his work. As already pointed 
 out, a careful perambulation of the several wards of the City 
 furnished the main framework of the book. To this particular 
 account there was prefixed a more general narrative dealing 
 with the origins, the growth, and social life of the City. For 
 that part which deals with Roman Antiquities Stow was 
 probably indebted to the assistance of Camden.^ For the 
 subsequent chapters on Walls, Rivers, Gates, and Towers, on 
 Customs, Sports, and Pastimes, and on the Honour of Citizens 
 he found a convenient text in William Fitz- Stephen's De- 
 
 ^ In his Summarie for 1566 when describing Somerset's execution he 
 thinks it 'good to writ myne opinion according to that whiche I there 
 sawe '. Suitable material was transferred from the Annales to the Survey. 
 
 ^ Preserved in Lambeth MS. 306 and printed as Stow's Memoranda in 
 Dr. Gairdner's Three Fifteeiith Century Chronicles, pp. 115-47. I have 
 given some passages which illustrate the Survey in the notes on ii. 283, 
 303, 339, 346, 360 below. Very little of the Memoranda is personal : on 
 3 January, 1565, he dined with a friend at Westminster, and walked back 
 on the ice to Baynard's Castle ' as salfife as ever I went in eny place in all 
 my lyffe' ; on 2 April, 1566, ' was sene in y^ elyment as tboughe the same 
 had openyd y^ bredghte of a great shete and shewyd a bryght flame of 
 fyre and then closyd agayne, and as it ware at every mynute of an howre 
 to opyn and close agayne, y^ whiche I, beyng at y" Barrs without All- 
 gate, sawe playne easte as it was ovar the churche namyd Whitchappell ' 
 (pp. 131, 137). 
 
 ' IMuch of it resembles closely Camden s Britannia. 
 
The Survey of London xxxvii 
 
 scription of London} which he printed accordingly as an 
 appendix to the Survey? 
 
 From the state of the original manuscript ^ we may con- 
 jecture that Stow first set out in a fair hand the result of his 
 perambulation. This he then proceeded to complete with 
 additions and interpolations drawn from his own large store- 
 house, and written on the margins, or between the lines, or 
 on slips pasted in, at such length as often to double the 
 original contents of the page. The draft thus prepared differs 
 a good deal from the printed work as well in matter as in the 
 arrangement, which was finally altered for the better.* On 
 the other hand. Stow seems to have found his copy too exten- 
 sive, and therefore cut out various matters which he had 
 dealt with elsewhere or thought superfluous. But no sooner 
 was the work printed than he began after his accustomed 
 manner to enlarge and improve it. In the preface to his 
 second edition he declares with justice that he had added 
 many rare notes of antiquity.^ Amongst the longest of these 
 additions may be noted the extract from the Lancaster 
 accounts,^ the whole section ' Of Charitable Alms ', the ex- 
 pansion of the Chapter on Honour of Citizens,' the account 
 of the Devil's appearance at St. Michael, Cornhill,^ the notes 
 on Jews in England,^ and on Tournaments at Smithfield;^" 
 and finally the unperfected notes on City government, a 
 subject which he did not touch in his first edition, because 
 he had hope that another minded such a labour." But of 
 more real moment than these long insertions, are the number- 
 less small corrections and additions, of which it is impossible 
 to give any general description. It is curious that the refer- 
 ences to foundations of Chantries are nearly all inserted for 
 
 ' Prefixed by FitzStephen to his Life of Thomas Becket. 
 
 ^ See ii. 220-g below. 
 
 ' The main part forms Harhy MS. 538. A rough draft of the chapter 
 on Southwark is in Harhy MS. 544* ff- 96-9, where also there is another 
 fragment on f. 107. A revised draft of the chapter on Rivers is in Tanner 
 MS. 464 in the Bodleian Library. 
 
 * See notes on ii. 285 and 365 below. 
 
 = The additions amount to 100 pages. .. 
 
 « i. 85-7 and ii. 236. ' i. 89-91 and ii. 236. i. 196 and 11. 244. 
 
 ^ i. 278-82 and ii. 252. "" ii. 29-33 and 260. " 11. 187. 
 
xxxviii Introduction 
 
 the first time in the second edition.^ Several new passages 
 are inserted from the Vitellius Chronicle of London ; and the 
 Cartulary of St. Mary Overy would appear to have been 
 for the first time consulted during the interval.^ Other 
 additions relate to events of later date than 1598, such as the 
 bequests of Alice Smith to the Skinners, the foundation of 
 Plat's School in 1601, and the damage done to Cheap Cross 
 in 1599 and 1600.^ Apart from the addition of new matter 
 the text of the Survey was carefully revised. Of this the 
 best instance is to be found in the rearrangement of the 
 material relating to Cheapside, which in the first edition was 
 spread over Cheap, Farringdon Within, and Cordwainer Street 
 Wards, but in 1603 was more conveniently brought together 
 in the account of the first-named.* The first edition, more- 
 over, seems not to have escaped criticism. So a note on the 
 Skinners Company was put in 'to stop the tongues of un- 
 thankful men, such as use to ask: Why have ye not noted 
 this, or that? and give no thanks for what is done'.^ A 
 contrary reason may explain the disappearance of Stow's 
 account of his rebuff by the Vintners.^ There is also a char- 
 acteristic touch in the note ' that being informed of the 
 Writhsleys to be buried there, I have since found them and 
 others to be buried at St. Giles, Cripplegate, where I mind to 
 leave them '.' Certainly Stow improved his book in its 
 second edition ; it was substantially larger, and the changes 
 were on the whole for the better. Nevertheless both the 
 original draft and the first edition contain peculiar matter 
 which we should have been sorry to lose. 
 
 Thomas Hearne called Stow ' an honest and knowing man ', 
 but ' an indifferent scholar '? The criticism is not altogether 
 unjust, for Stow suffered from the limitations which no self- 
 taught man can escape entirely. His knowledge of Latin and 
 French was imperfect, and he was disposed sometimes to 
 evade rather than solve his difficulties. It is not surprising 
 that he should occasionally be at fault in his most positive 
 
 ' See for instances, ii. 244-9. 
 
 '' See i. 25, 37, 66, 244, 249, 346, ii. 63. s ggg ;_ j^^^ ggj,^ 
 
 ■* See i. 264-70 and ii. 249-54. « See i. 231. 
 
 " See ii. 247. ' See i. 204. 
 
 * Letters from the Bodleian, i. 288, ii. 98. 
 
The Survey of London xxxix 
 
 interpretations. In the first compilation of such a work a 
 certain proportion of error was inevitable, whether through 
 inaccuracy of transcription for which Stow was personally 
 responsible, or in mistakes of the printer over dates. What 
 is really remarkable about the Survey is that a man with 
 little advantages of education, working on new ground from 
 sources still for the most part in manuscript, was able to 
 discover and bring into order so vast a mass of material. 
 After all possible deductions the Survey justifies Stow's rule 
 in the preface to his Summarie for 1565 : — ' In hystories the 
 chief thyng that is to be desired is the truth.' His main 
 narrative is substantially accurate, the state of his original 
 manuscript, and the variations presented by the printed 
 editions bear witness to the pains which he took to verify his 
 facts.^ The range of his information is indeed remarkable. 
 It appears not only in the text of his published works, but 
 also in the vast mass of his manuscript Collections, of which 
 the surviving remnant, considerable enough, can have formed 
 but a small pait.^ 
 
 In the Survey Stow's chief task of research was to find 
 illustrations for what he had heard or seen, and criticism or 
 discrimination was of less importance. The charm and value 
 of the work consist in its personal note. We are not so much 
 concerned that Stow should have had a fine scorn for fables 
 of other folks' telling, especially if that other chanced to be 
 R. G.,^ as that he could tell a merry tale on his own account. 
 It is well that he should disbelieve in giants,* but better that 
 he could repeat with simple faith his father's story of how the 
 Devil appeared at St. Michael, Cornhill, and add his own 
 testimony on the holes where the claws had entered three or 
 four inches deep in the stone.*^ But even greater credulity in 
 himself, and more harsh censure of it in others, could be for- 
 given for the sake of his zeal for truth and just dealing. He 
 loved to praise famous men, and rejoiced in the history of 
 
 ' A comparison of Stow's account of St. Michael, Cornhill, with the 
 Churchwardens' Accounts, which he does not appear to have seen, 
 furnishes a good instance of his accuracy. See i. 195-g and ii. 305-6. 
 And see also ii. 331-2 for another contemporary instance. 
 
 ''■ See pp. Ixxxvi sqq. below. 
 
 ' See i. 118, 349. * See i. 348-9-. " See i. 196. 
 
xl Introditction 
 
 their good deeds. The care with which he set down particulars 
 of charities seems to have been inspired by a sense of the 
 public interest, for he is not less careful to censure the too 
 frequent instances of neglect and misappropriation. ^ He 
 comments so often on the failure of executors in the discharge 
 of their duties,^ that one begins to suspect the memory of 
 some personal grievance. But his censure never seems 
 malicious. He speaks out openly against abuses of civic 
 government, and the promotion of unfitting persons,^ but 
 he glosses over the shortcomings which lost John Cowper 
 his term of mayoralty,* and does not repeat the scandal caused 
 by Sir Thomas Lodge, who was ' braky and professe to be 
 banqweroute' during his year of office.® In other matters 
 his own predilections could not be suppressed. He did not 
 like change, objected to find his former walks pestered with 
 filthy tenements, commended archery, thought no harm of 
 bull-baiting,^ scorned bowling-alleys, and passed theatres by. 
 Stow's pronounced opinions on such matters were reflected 
 inevitably in the Stirvey. Of the London of contemporary 
 satirists and dramatists we find little trace. It is only through 
 his repeated complaints of the dicing-houses, and filthy tene- 
 ments, which destroyed the pleasant walks of his youth, 
 that we get any hint at the cozenage, gambling, and immor- 
 ality which defamed the suburbs of Elizabethan London. To 
 the lurid picture drawn by Greene and Nash, Dekker and 
 Rowlands, Stow's sober narrative may, however, supply a 
 needed corrective. More surprising to readers of to-day must 
 be the almost complete absence in the Survey of any reference 
 to the adventurous and intellectual activities of the age. ' Sir 
 Francis Drake, that famous mariner ', is mentioned once. But 
 there is not a word of Shakespeare, nor of any other of the 
 great writers of the time, not even of his own acquaintance 
 
 ' i. ii6, 148, 154, 198, 246. 2 j_ x\6,-i, 273. 
 
 ' See i. 191. * See i. 212. 
 
 " Memoranda, ap. Three Fifteenth Century Chronicles, p. 127. 
 
 " It is the desecration of the Sabbath, not the cruelty to animals, which 
 Stow reprehends, when in referring to the accident at Paris-Garden, on 
 Sunday, 13 Jan., 1583, he writes : 'A friendly warning to such as more 
 delight themselves in the cruelty of beasts, then in the workes of mercy, 
 the fruits of a true professed faith, which ought to be the Sabbath day's 
 exercise.' Annates, p. 1173, ed. 1605. 
 
The Survey of London xli 
 
 Ben Jo'nson. It may be replied that Stow was not concerned 
 with social life ; but in point of fact he is ready enough to 
 digress on any subject that interested him. As a matter of 
 topography alone such famous, or notorious, haunts as The 
 Bull in Bishopsgate, The Mitre, or The Mermaid deserved at 
 least a passing notice. But theatrical references were struck 
 out deliberately in the edition of 1603, save for a general 
 implied censure on stage-plays. Perhaps a like intention 
 accounts for the exclusion of other topics to which the writer 
 was not attracted. Stow's attitude was not, however, due to 
 any recluse-like absorption in books. We get a few glimpses 
 of him as a sociable companion, ready to discuss business in 
 a friendly way over a quart of ale or pint of wine, interested 
 in old sports, in the fun on the frozen Thames, and the time- 
 honoured wrestling at Bartholomew Fair. New-fangled 
 customs and amusements he did not love, and he either 
 censured them openly, or left them unnoticed, like those 
 tombs of the lately dead, which thrust out monuments hal- 
 lowed by antiquity. 
 
 Such an attitude was perhaps natural to the conservative 
 mind of an old man, who found himself in ' the most scoffing, 
 carping, respectlesse, and unthankeful age that ever was '.^ 
 It certainly hurt nobody. Yet once in a way there comes out 
 a touch of spite in his humorous satisfaction at the misfortunes 
 which befell the builders of high houses to overlook others, 
 and especially a neighbour of his own in Leadenhall, who 
 made him a high tower, but being in short time tormented 
 with gout could not climb and take pleasure thereof.^ But 
 we may accept the protest which has come down to us through 
 Howes, that he never wrote anything either for malice, fear, 
 or favour, nor to seek his own particular gain or vain-glory, 
 and that his only pains and care was to write Truth. 
 
 The text of the Survey as given in the edition of 1603 is 
 the only full and authoritative version. Strange as it may 
 appear, it has never been accurately reprinted. The very 
 interest of the book encouraged later writers to continue and 
 
 ' Atinales, p. 859, ed. 1631. It is Howes's observation ; but he may 
 have been using Stow's collections. 
 ^ Seei. 152. 
 
xlii Introductio7i 
 
 expand it. No long time after Stow's death Anthony 
 Munday took up his friend's work, and in 1618 produced an 
 edition, ' continued, corrected, and much enlarged with many 
 rare and worthie notes.' It is true that in bulk Munday's 
 additions were considerable, but, as Strype remarks, they con- 
 sist very largely of copies of monumental inscriptions from 
 churches and extracts from the Suminarie and Annates. How- 
 ever, like Stow before him, Munday had no sooner completed 
 his labours than he set to work once more. In 1633, four 
 months after Munday's death, there appeared another edition 
 ' completely finished by the study of A. M., H. D., and others'.^ 
 Perhaps the most prominent addition on this occasion was the 
 insertion of coats of arms of all the Mayors and the City 
 Companies. But, besides further notes on churches, there was 
 a large if somewhat undigested mass of new matter, copies of 
 Acts and Statutes of Parliament and the Common Council, 
 notes on the origin of the City Companies, and the like. 
 Strype censures Munday for his deviations from the author's 
 edition and sense ; unhappily he had not the wisdom to take 
 warning from another's error. 
 
 In 1694 there was a design to reprint the Survey with large 
 additions and improvements.^ A little later John Strype began 
 to work on the Survey, and after long labour produced in 1720 
 a so-called edition in two large folio volumes. Hearne, on 
 hearing of the project in 1707, wrote well : ' Stow should have 
 been simply reprinted as a venerable original, and the additions 
 given in a different character '? Strype judged otherwise, and 
 though he preserved for the most part the original text, he 
 embedded it in such a mass of new, if valuable, matter as often 
 to conceal its identity and obscure its meaning. A similar 
 criticism applies to the version of 1734, edited by John Mottley 
 under the pseudonym of Robert Seymour, and to the ' Sixth 
 Edition ' of 1754, printed under Strype's name but with addi- 
 tions ' by careful hands ', bringing the survey and history down 
 to that date. 
 
 ^ H. D. is Humphry Dyson. See p. 442 of Survey for 1633. 
 ^ Projected apparently by Awnsham Churchill, and other London 
 publishers : see a broadsheet in the Bodleian Library. 
 ' Collections, ii. 41. 
 
The Survey of Londofi xliii 
 
 The text of 1603 was first reprinted by W. J. Thorns in 
 1842. Thorns added notes of some antiquarian interest, 
 together with the chief variations of the text of 1598. But 
 he modernized the orthography and omitted some of the 
 marginal notes. His text is moreover not free from typo- 
 graphical errors, which did not appear in the original. The 
 example of Thorns' edition has been followed in subsequent 
 reprints. Thus it comes to pass that the present edition, for 
 the first time after three hundred years, makes Stow's true 
 work generally accessible in the form in which he wrote it. 
 
APPENDIX TO INTRODUCTION 
 
 I. NOTES ON THE STOW FAMILY 
 Early History. 
 
 Stow no doubt belonged to an old London family. His grand- 
 father Thomas {d. 1527) in his will refers to his own parents as 
 being buried at St. Michael, Cornhill (see p. vii above). This carries 
 the descent one generation further back than John Stow could do. 
 The name occurs occasionally in early records. There is mention 
 of a John de Stowe in 1283 (Sharpe, Cal. Wills Husting, i. 65). 
 Henry de Stowe, draper, had a lease of the Coldharbour in 131 9 
 (see i. 236 below). Another John Stowe occurs in 1351 (Cal. 
 Wills, i. 641), and William Stowe in 1387 {Anc. Deeds, B. 2055). 
 Thomas Stow was Dean of St. Paul's in 1400. But I cannot connect 
 any of these with the chronicler. 
 
 I must pass, therefore, to contemporary documents, and will then 
 sum up their evidence. 
 
 The Will of Elizabeth Stowe. 
 The xxvijth of June 1568. 
 
 ' In the name of God Amen. I, Elizabeth Stowe beinge sicke in 
 bodye &c.' Her body to be buried ' in the cloyster by my husbande 
 in the parisshe of S. Mychell in CornehiU'. Her executor to spend 
 ' xxxvli. vpon my buryall to burye me decentely withall '. 
 
 ' /tm. I will myne executor to gyve vnto lohn my eldeste Sonne 
 fyve poundes. Itm. I gyve vnto lohn my younger sonne the monye 
 beinge in the handes of Thomas ffarmer my Sonne in lawe, the some 
 of xiijVz'. vjf. m]d., which shalbe due as apperethe by one obligacion. 
 And yf it happen that the saide lohn the yonger doe departe this 
 worlde within the time specified in the obligacion, that then it remaine 
 vnto William Stowe my sonne, and yf he dye also then it to remaine 
 vnto my executor his heires executors or assigns.' 
 
 To William Stowe, ten pounds. To her daughter lohan, five 
 pounds ' for she hathe had fyve alredy '. To her daughter Margaret 
 ' the yearely rent of the house which Stephen Rowlandson dwelleth in, 
 which is XXXV by year ' with remainder to her executor. 
 
Notes on the Stow Family xlv 
 
 Vnto my daughter Alyce my best pettycoate for a remembrance, 
 for she hathe had tenne poundes of me alredye.' 
 
 ' Vnto my brother William Archer his wyfe, my cassocke edged 
 with conye, and to his son harye xIj. in monye.' 
 
 ' \"nto my cosen Cuttler my worste cassocke.' Ten shillings ' for 
 my children and fryndes to drincke withall after my buryall '. Five 
 shillings for the poor in bread. To the Tallow-chandlers six shillings 
 and eight pence to follow her corpse. 
 
 ' My Sonne Thomas Stowe my full and whoale executor ' is named 
 residuary legatee, and Harry Johnson is appointed overseer and to 
 have six shillings and eight pence for his pains. 
 
 Elizabeth Stowe makes her mark. Willyam > Eyre, and Harrye 
 Johnson ' sign. Proved by Thomas Stowe on 1 3 Oct. 1 568. 
 
 The Will of John Stowe. 
 
 ' In the name of God amen. The xxx day of August 1603 I lohn 
 Stowe Citizen and Marchant Tailor of London &c. 
 
 ' My bodye to be buryed where it please God to take me to his 
 mercye. fyrst I gyve and bequeath to my daughter Julyan Towers 
 the some of x poundes. And to my daughter Jone foster ten poundes. 
 And that they to be satysfyed and contented for any further porcyons 
 after my death. And for the rest of my goodes household stuf and 
 appareyle I gyve vnto Elizabeth my wj'fe, as also I gyve vnto her the 
 lease of my house with the Residue of the yeares to come.' 
 
 Elizabeth Stow is appointed executrix, and George Speryng ^ over- 
 seer, ' desyryng hym moste hartely to take so moche paynes to help 
 my pore wyfe in her busynes, that she be not ouerpressed to take any 
 wrong.' 
 
 Signed in a very shaky but characteristic hand : ' lohn stow, lohn 
 stow aged 78 yeres.' 
 
 Proved by Elizabeth StoAV on 6 April 1605. 
 
 Both wills were proved in the Bishop of London's Court, and the 
 above abstracts are taken from the originals. 
 
 Entries in Parish Registers. 
 
 St. Michael, Cornhill. 
 , Christenings: 20 Sept. 1547, William Stowe. 
 
 12 Dec. 1574, Thomas; 4 May 1578, Elizabeth; 10 April 1580, 
 Judith; 25 Dec. 1 581, Emmanuel; 3 June 1584, Judith; all 
 children of Thomas Stowe. 
 
 ' See pp. liii and Iviii below. 
 
 ^ Deputy of Limestreet Ward, see next page. 
 
xlvi Appendix to Introduction 
 
 Burials: i6 June 1559, Thomas Stowe. 
 
 15 Aug. 1571, Margerye, wife of Thomas Stowe. i6 Dec. 1583, 
 Elizabeth, d. of Thomas Stowe. 21 Sept. 1594, Judith, wife 
 of Thomas Stowe. 8 Oct. 1602, Thomas Stowe ' dwelling in 
 the Churchyard'. 
 
 St. Andrew Undershaft. 
 
 Christenings: 27 Jan. isff, Jone, d. of John Stowe. 
 20 Feb. i5ff, Marie, d. of John Stoe. 
 
 29 June 1582, Peter; 9 Feb. i5f|, Francis; 20 March is||, 
 
 Elizabeth; 2 June 1588, Thomas; 8 Nov. 1590, Susan; 
 
 6 Oct. 1594, Peter; 23 Jan. 159-!, Robert; 19 Feb. 159I, 
 
 Gregorye ; all children of Peter Towers. 
 
 Marriages: 31 Aug.1567, Thomas Stowe and Margerie Kent,widdow. 
 
 23 April 1 581, Peter Towers and Julyan Stoe. 
 
 15 July 1582, Pawle Walter and Annes Stowe {or Stone). 
 
 4 Feb. 1587, Gylles Dewbery and Margaret Stowes. 
 Burials : 18 Jan. 158^, Anne Stow, the wiflfe of Jo. Stow. 18 Feb. 
 158I, Joyce Stooe, wiffe of Jo. Stooe. 31 Oct. 1591, Eliza- 
 beth Towers. 22 March 159^, Peter Towers. 19 Oct. 1593, 
 Margaret Dewbery, widdow. 
 
 6 Nov. 1600, Peter ; 5 Sept. 1603, Thomas; 13 Sept. 1603, 
 Robert; 22 Sept. 1603, Susanna; the last four being all 
 children of Mr. Peter Towers. 
 
 8 April 1605, ' Mr. John Stoe was Buryed the viijtli day of April, 
 
 1605.' 
 
 14 Feb. i6ij, Mrs. Julyan Towers, wiffe of Mr. Peter Towers. 
 
 15 July 161 1, Mr. George Spering, late Alderman's Deputie. 
 
 9 Sept. 1613, Mr. Frauncis Towers, son of Mr. Peter Towers. 
 
 24 Jan. i62f, Mr. Peter Towers, householder. 
 
 St. Dionis Backchurch. 
 
 Marriage: 8 Oct. 1571, Thomas Stowe of St. Michael, Cornhill, 
 to Judith Heath of this parish. 
 
 The Registers of St. Michael, Cornhill, and St. Dionis Backchurch, 
 have been printed by the Harleian Society. For permission to search 
 the Register of St. Andrew Undershaft, I have to thank the Bishop of 
 Islington, who is Rector of St. Andrew. 
 
 Thomas Stow {d. 1559), who married Elizabeth Archer, was the 
 father of John Stow, and had other issue: Thomas, William (b. 1547), 
 and John the younger; Johan, married Mr. Rolfe, alias Frowyke; 
 Margaret ; and Alice, married Thomas Farmer. From the terms of 
 
Notes on the Stow Family xlvii 
 
 Elizabeth Stowe's will, I conjecture that ' John the younger ' was 
 under age at her death ; I find no other mention either of him or of 
 William Stowe. It will be observed that in St. Michael's Register 
 there is no entry of the death of Elizabeth Stowe ; but in the Church- 
 wardens' Accounts (p. 162, ed. W. H. Overall) there is a note under 
 1568; ' Receyved for the buryall of Mystris Stowe iijj. iiijrf. '; she 
 died in Oct. 1568 (see p. Ix). The later entries in that Register 
 probably relate to the chronicler's brother Thomas, his wives and 
 children. The first marriage of Thomas Stowe is probably that 
 of 156'; in the St. Andrew's Register; from the story on p. Ix it 
 appears likely that he had married a widow called Margery Kent or 
 Kemp shortly before 1568 ; his second marriage is clearly that of the 
 St. Dionis Register. But it is curious that in Harley MS. 538, 
 f. 147^°, there are two stray notes: 'Mastar Burcheley in the towne 
 of Hartford is Thomas Stow's cosyn, and lohan Frowyk's cosen in 
 houndsdytche. Master Bturchely of Hertford is a cosen to lohan 
 Frowicke in houndsdytche, to Thomas Stowe in Cornell, but no kyn 
 to lohn Stowe.' We know, however, that John Stow's sister Johan or 
 Joan was sometimes called Frowyke (see p. Ix), and the facts which 
 we know about Thomas Stow fit so well with the entries in the 
 Registers, that I can only conjecture that the true purport of these 
 notes is lost; possibly John Stow, in the bitterness of his quarrel, 
 disowned the kinship. Of Thomas Stow of Cornhill we learn some- 
 thing from the Churchwardens' Accounts (p. 247) ; he was one of the 
 wardens of St. Michael's between 1582 and 1588; in the latter year 
 it was ' agreed that Thomas Stowe after all suche grants now in esse 
 or beinge for his sister Margaret, or for his owne dwelling if nede 
 shalbe, shall have one of the houses in the churchyard of o' parishe, 
 first empty after the xpiracion of all the same graunts '. It will be 
 remembered that John Stow's sister Margaret appears to have been 
 unmarried. 
 
 From the entries at St. Andrew Undershaft, it seems clear that 
 there were at least two parishioners called Jo. Stow or Stoe. It is 
 therefore impossible to be certain that any of the entries relate to the 
 chronicler except those of his own burial, and of his daughter Julyan's 
 marriage; in both the name is curiously spelt Stoe. It is hardly 
 possible that the Jone Stowe of isff and Marie Stoe of isff should 
 be his daughters, since at these dates he probably still lived in 
 St. Katherine Cree Church parish'; moreover, Stow's three daughters 
 
 1 Unfortunately there are no Registers for St. Katherine Cree Church 
 earlier than 1637. 
 
xlviii Appendix to Introduction 
 
 were ' marriageable and in service with right worshipful! personages ' 
 by 1569 or thereabouts (see p. Ixii). It has been commonly assumed 
 that the Anne Stow, who died in 1581, was the chronicler's first wife, 
 but for this I can find no evidence. Joan Foster's mother was clearly 
 alive when she wrote the letter to her father which is given on p. Ixx ; 
 if she had only dated it fully the point might have been settled. On 
 the whole it does not seem safe to connect either Anne Stow or Joyce 
 Stooe with the chronicler. Elizabeth Stow is mentioned by name 
 only in her husband's will, on the tomb, and in the copy of the Survey, 
 which presumably belonged to her, and is now in the British Museum ; 
 but one of her husband's grandchildren was named Elizabeth. Of 
 Stow's three daughters two survived him. Julyan, apparently the 
 elder, married Peter Towers in 1581, and died in i6u ; the descrip- 
 tion of her husband as ' Mr.' seems to indicate that he was well-to-do. 
 The second, Joan Foster, lived at Warwick, whence she wrote the 
 letter on p. Ixx ; her marriage does not appear in the St. Andrew's 
 Register, but Foster was a common name in the parish. The 
 Margaret Stowes, who married Gylles Dewbery in 1587, and died 
 a widow in 1593, might possibly be the third. 
 
 Mr. George Spering, the Alderman's Deputy, was no doubt the 
 Overseer of John Stow's will. 
 
 Of the other persons named in Elizabeth Stow's will, ' my cosen 
 Guttler ' appears also in John Stow's history. The poor uncle, who 
 was overcome by Elizabeth's injustice (see p. Iviii), is presumably 
 William Archer, whose son ' Harye ' may perhaps be identical with 
 the Henry Archer who served in the Netherlands in 1587, and 
 apparently supplied John Stow with material for his Annales (pp. 1199, 
 1221, ed. 1605). 
 
 II. DOCUMENTS ILLUSTRATING STOW'S LIFE 
 
 I. How Stow began to write History, and quarrelled with Richard 
 
 Grafton. 
 
 [Amongst John Stow's private papers now bound up mHarley MS. 367 
 are several disordered fragments (ff. 1-3 and ff. 11, 12) relating to his 
 controversy with Richard Grafton. For the most part they deal with 
 alleged errors of Grafton's, and such points as the extent of his debt to 
 Hall. But f. 3, which deals with the beginning of the quarrel, contains 
 autobiographical matter of a wider interest, and helps to explain the 
 prefaces prmted on pp. Ixxvi to Ixxix ; it is therefore given in full. The 
 most interesting portion off. i is given on pp. xi, xii above.] 
 
 1563. Richard Grafton published his first boke. intituled ' An abridgment 
 of ye cronicles of England', anno 1563. In ye epistle wherof (dedi- 
 
Documents illustrating Stows life xlix 
 
 cated to ye right honorable lord Robert Dudley &c.), he contemnyth 
 all ye abrydgments before tyme publyshid, saythe yt therin was con- 
 tayned lytle trewthe & lesse good order, w* ye vncertaynty of yeres to ye 
 decey vynge of all, & vniust dishonoringe of mayny ; but in this boke, 
 quod he, yow shall fynd these abusys reformyd, & trewthe more 
 symply vtteryd &c. This boke thus publyshyd was, not w* stondynge 
 ye glorios tytle, of moaste men, or rathar of all (except hym selffe) 
 more myslyked then ye former abridgments of othar. 
 
 Richard Grafton reprintyd ye same his Abridgment Anno 1564 w* 1564. 
 excuse to ye readers that in ye first imprecion partly by miswritynge, 
 partly by misentrynge and mystakynge of yeres, but chefly by mys- 
 printinge, divars and sondry fautes wer commytted, whiche (nowe) 
 aftar he had well parused, he had w' dilygence reformyd and amendyd, 
 in suche maner as he trustyd would apeare in ye imprecion to ye 
 contentacion of all those y* are desyrus to vnderstond ye trew notes 
 & discorse of tymes &c. This boke beinge little bettar then ye first 
 (nay rathar worse) was as myche or more of all men myslyked, 
 thrwghe occasyon wherof mayny sitisens & othars knowynge y' I had 
 bene a serchar of antiquitis, (whiche were devinite, sorencys, & 
 poyetrye, but nevar extemyed history wer it offeryd nevar so frely) 
 movyd me for ye comoditie of my contry somewhat to travaile in 
 settynge forth some othar abrydgment or somarye, and also to write 
 agaynst & reprove Richard Grafton. To ye first at ye lengthe 
 I grauntyd, but to ye othar I vtterly refusyd ; about ye same tyme ' it 
 haponyd that Thomas Marche printar requiryd me to corecte ye old 
 comon abridgment, which at ye first was collectyd of Langwit & 
 Copar's epitomy, but then moche coruptyd w* oft reprintynge, and 
 therfore of Richard Grafton so contemnyd as is afore sayd. To this 
 request I grauntyd on condicion y* some one whiche were bettar 
 learnyd mowght be ioyned w' me, for y' it was a stody wherin I had 
 nevar travayled ; and for my parte I wolde gyve my labores in that 
 mattar frely w* out takynge for my paynes ye valew of one peny. 
 Shortly aftar Thomas Marche apoynted to me William Baldwyn, 
 mynistar & parson of S. Michels at Powles gate ; but or evar we wrote 
 one word of ye mattar it plesyd God to call ye sayd W. Baldwyn to 
 his mercy;' wherupon, I thynkynge myselflfe dischargyd of my promys 
 to Thomas Marshe, he nevartheless required me to begyn a letyl, for 
 he wold shortly apoynt one to be ioynyd w* me, whiche promys as 
 yet was nevar performed. But I, aftar I had once begone, I cow Id 
 
 ' See note on p, ix above. ' See p. x above. 
 
I 
 
 Appendix to Introdtiction 
 
 not rest tyll ye same were fully endyd. And then I of myne owne 
 mynd wente to Grafton's howse, & shewyd hyme my boke, requirynge 
 hym not to be offendyd w' my doynges for I ment not to gyve eny 
 suche occasyon. Aftar I had shoyd hym what movyd me to travayle 
 in that mattar I also shewyd hym his owne abridgment of y'' laste 
 imprecion, whiche I had coatyd in y^ margen, wherin he had not only 
 mysplacyd all moaste all y^ yeares of our lord god, but also y® yeres 
 of y6 begynengs & endyngs of all ye kyngs of this realme, and of mayne 
 kynges had lefte out how longe they severally reygnyd, but in one 
 place he left out iij kynges togithar, that is to say, Didantius, Detonus, 
 and Gurguinus,^ he dothe not so moche as name them, fo. 6. There 
 also lakynge Sygebert, who reygnyd iij yeres, fo. 25. When he 
 comyth to the accompte of y^ baylyves, maiors, sheryves of London, 
 he eythar myse placethe them or levithe them owt, in some place one, 
 some place ij, iij, iiij, ye v. togither, fo. 66, w* also y^ yeres of our 
 lord, & ye reynes of ye kyngs, & all that was done in those yeres. 
 For ye folowynge of his awctor one noate shal suffyce. Thomas 
 Copar saythe y* xxx garmaynes tawght ye abrogation of ye sacra- 
 ments of ye awltar, baptisme & wedlocke ^ fo. 211., and Grafton 
 saythe they tawght a reformation &c. fo. 42. For ye sterlynge money 
 he saythe it was coynyd beinge & ^ ounce of silvar, & it had ye name 
 eythar of ye bird cawlyd a starre havyng perhaps ye same put in, or 
 else of a starr in ye element, fo. 94. For ye well placynge of his 
 mattar in fo. 96 he placethe ye conduyte in Grasious strete to be 
 buylded by Thomas Knoles in anno 1410, whiche conduyt was 
 begane to be buylded by ye executors of Sir Thomas Hyll in anno 
 1490 & finishyd anno 1503. Also in ye same lefe & ye same yere 
 1 4 10 he saythe K. Henry ye fourthe endyd his lyfe ye 12 yere of his 
 reigne and was buryed at Canterbery, and then declarethe what was 
 done in ye 13 and 14 yeres of his reigne, for yt he makythe hym to 
 raygne ij yeres aftar he was dede and beryed. In folio 154 he 
 placethe ye deathe of kynge Edward ye 6 aftar ye lady lane, ye aftar 
 qwene Mary was proclamed, and ye duke of Northombarland apre- 
 hendyd. In ye 2 yere of qwen Mary & ye i of kynge Philype he 
 saythe ye emperour sent ye Cownty Egmount & othar embassadors 
 into england to make a parfet conclusyon of maryage bitwene kynge 
 Philype & qwene Marye. And as thes fewe thynges are placyd, so is 
 almoste all his whole boke. Ye printar in fo. 97 hathe printyd iiij lynes 
 twyse togethar &c. Aftar I had thus shewyd my owne boke, & also 
 
 ■ Three mythical monarchs in the first century B.C. 
 ^ The German heretics of 1166. W. Newburgh, 132-4. 
 ■'' Read an. 
 
Documents illustrating Stows life H 
 
 Grafton's late abridgment so coatyd as I have partly declaryd, to the 
 fyrste Richard Grafton sayd he lykyd y® same very well, y* I had bothe 
 taken great paynes and also desarved great commendacion; for y« 
 othar he sayd he had folowyd Fabyan, which was a very nowghty 
 cronycle, and Coper whiche was x. tymes worse, and cursid y^ tyme 
 yt evar he had sene Copar's cronycle, for y* had cawsyd hym to comyt 
 all thos errours, & Copar was not worthy to be acomptyd learnyd ; 
 & then he shewyd me wher Copar had written ij negatyves in on 
 sentence, which was not ye part of a learnyd man ; he addyd forthar : 
 ' I do not ' (quod he) ' write ij negatives in one sentence ; I can tell 
 how to wryt, I trowe &c.' To be short he gave me thankes, and 
 professyd his frindshype in eny thynge that lay in hym to do, & so we 
 partyd. Then aftar I had got my boke pereusyd & lycensyd by 
 ye wardens of y® Stacionars, I requirid foord[er] my lord of Caunter- 
 bery his grace to auctoryze ye same, and then put ye same in print.^ 
 Aftar ye comynge owt wherof, for yt ye same was well vtteryd by 
 ye printar, & well lyked of in ye comon weale, Grafton began then 
 to chaffe and dyvysyd w* hym selfFe, & toke counsell of mayny othars, 
 whiche way to brynge me out of credyt, and at lengthe toke one of 
 my bokes namyd ye Summarie of Englysche chronicles, and drew out 
 ther of (all togithar leavyng his owne abridgment) a smale boke 
 whiche he printed in desimo sexto, & in ye frontar he entitelythe it, 
 A manuell of ye Chronicles of ye world tyll anno 1565; to ye redar 1565. 
 he cawlethe it a brydgyd abridgement, and over ye page of ye leves 
 cawlethe it a brefe eolation of history. This boke he dedicatyd to his 
 lovynge frends y® mastar & wardens of ye company of ye moste 
 excelent arte & science of Imprintynge, reqwestynge them to take 
 swche ordar w' theyr whole company y' ther be no brefe abridgements 
 or manuels of Chronicles imprintyd, but only that &c. To ye redar 
 he saythe, I hope yt none will showe them selves so vngentle, nor so 
 vnfrindly as to abuse me in this my little labor & goodwill, as of late 
 I was abusyd by one y* counterfeacted my volume <& ordar of y® 
 abridgment of ye chronicles, & hathe made my travayle to passe vnder 
 his name,^ also by omittynge some thynges of myne & worsse put in 
 place, & by alteracion of some thyngs & by addicion of some other, 
 whiche kynd of dealynge is not comendable &c. Aftar y' I had 
 viewid this preface & ye whole emanuell (fzir), I havynge also abridgid 
 my summary & cawsed ye same to be redy prynted, I made a preface 
 
 ' See p. Ixxxii, below. 
 
 ^ Stow does not quote quite accurately ; cf. p. xi above. 
 
 d2 
 
lii Appendix to Introduction 
 
 ther vnto, wher in I aunsweryd (as reson movyd me) Grafton's vntrew 
 reportyng preface, and dedicatyd my boke (named y^ summary of 
 ye Chronicles of England abridgid) to y® ryght honorable Sir Richard 
 Champion lorde maior of y^ citye of London, ys worshipfull aldarmen 
 1566, &c. in ye biginninge of Anno 1566. Aftar ye publishynge of this my 
 abrigid sommary Grafton marvelowsly stormyd & cawsyd ye mastar 
 & wardens of ye stacionars to threaten Thomas Marche, my pryntar, 
 & also to request me to come before them at theyr comon hawle, 
 wher I shuld, they sayd, talke wt Grafton face to face ; but I comynge 
 often thythar Grafton allways made excusys, & drave them of from 
 tyme to tyme & nevar came at them ; wherupon ye mastar & wardens 
 desyryd me not to be ofFendyd, for they wer sory they had trobelyd 
 me so ofte, but they wold no more trust to Grafton's worde sythe he 
 had so ofte disapoynted them. 
 
 Aftar this in ye same yere 1566 I repryntyd my summary w* 
 adytions. And then Grafton seythe that neythar his great abridgment 
 nor his small emanuell were of eny extemyd, he alltogether forsoke 
 them bothe, & toke my summary of ye last edition laynge that for his 
 grownd worke, whiche sarvithe hym for ye accompte of yeres, for ye 
 reygnes of kyngs, for ye names & yeres of ye bayles, maiors & shrives, 
 & also for mayny speciall noates, which by great labour & not w* out 
 great costes I had gatheryd. Then, I say, he buyldyd ther on w* 
 Robart Fabyon, lohn Frosart, Edward Hall, & Thomas Copar, tyll he 
 had finishid a great volome, whiche he intituled, ' A Chronicle at large 
 & mere history of ye affayres of England, and kyngs of ye same, 
 deduced from ye creacion of ye worlde vnto ye first habitacion of this 
 Island &c.' On ye second page he, counterfeitynge my cataloge of 
 awctors, namethe to ye nombar of thre score and odd, the moste 
 parte wherof were devyns & wrote no matar of history towchynge this 
 Realm ; the othar beinge historiographers ; to increase his nombar he 
 resitethe twyse : as in ye letter A. he writethe Antoninus, in ye letter B. 
 byshope, which is all one &c.^ Also it is easy to vnderstond Grafton 
 nevar saw mayny of thos awctors ; for profe wherof I saye y* 
 T. Newton '^ drewe out of thos devyne awctors in the catalog alledgyd 
 almoste all ye matar conteyned in vi partes of his boke, & mastar 
 Keyes ' of Oxford drew ye seventhe part tyll about ye end of Henry 
 
 * I omit some other instances. 
 
 ^ No doubt Slew's friend : see p. Ixxi below. 
 
 ' Thomas Caius or Keyes {d. 1572) who was Master of University 
 College, Oxford, 1561-72. See Diet. Nat. Biog.,vm. i-i'-,. The associa- 
 tion of Newton and Caius with Grafton does not appear to be elsewhere 
 noted, 
 
Documents illustrathig Stows life liii 
 
 ye second, when the same (being vnperfecte) was taken away from 
 hym by Rychard Grafton, who at his pleasar patched it vp wt his 
 foure awctors afore namyd, Fabian, Frossard, Hall,& Coper, all comon 
 bokes, tyll ye end of kynge Edward ye 6, and then Mastar G. F.' 
 pennyd ye story of qwene Mary, wher Grafton endithe his great 
 volume. Of this great boke I will make no great descourse, but only 
 by ye way a litle &c. 
 
 2. Of Sloivs quarrel iviik his brother Thomas, and how his mother 
 altered her will. 
 
 [From Harley MS. 367, ff. 6, 7- The date is June— October, 1568. 
 The beginning, middle, and end of the story are all missing.] 
 
 ... I care not what it be. So I sent for ye best ale and bread, and 
 a cold lege of mutton was put before hir, wherof she eate very hungerly, 
 and therafter fell both to butter and to cheese. In the end when we 
 departyd she promisyd, that as God had placed me to be the principall 
 of all her children, for that I was the eldyst, she would not conteme 
 me but confyrme the same, and when eythar man or woman should 
 go about to perswad hir, for the naturall love yt she owght to beare 
 vnto me she would cry out vpon them, avoyd dyvel. But aftar hir 
 comynge home, Thomas and his wyfe would nevar suffer hir to rest 
 tyll she had tould them all the talke that had passed betwixt hir and 
 me. And when he had hard that I lamentyd his beinge matched w* 
 an harlot, he would nevar let my mother rest tyll he had foarsyd hir to 
 break hir will, wher in she had bequethyd me x. li. (equall w' all ye 
 yongar children, except Thomas, whiche had all indede), and to put 
 me in nothinge at all ; but even then she could not get William Eyre, 
 to whom she had gyven Rowlands house in Fynkes lane, nor Henry 
 Johnson, whom she had made hir ovarseer, to put theyr hands vnto y® 
 will except I were at ye least put in x. //. as I was afore. And thus, 
 seinge no remedy, Thomas put in v. li., and then said he had put in 
 as it was afore, for theyr pleasure. And so they set theyr handes to 
 it,'' and aftar hard it rede, wherin they found but v. li., and wold have 
 w* drawne theyr hands agayne, but was to late. And William Eyre 
 hathe told me synce y' he will take his othe, that he did beleve that I 
 had some part in x. //., or elles he wold have nevar set his hand to y', 
 and offeryd them xl. j. out of his purse to have put out his hand 
 
 ' George Ferrers, the poet. In his Annates (p. 1070, ed. 1605) Stow 
 writes of the loss of Calais: 'Wherof Mastar George Ferrers hath 
 written at large, for he collected the whole history of Queene Mary as the 
 same is set downe vnder the name of Richard Grafton.' 
 
 ^ On 27 June. Compare the extracts from the will on pp. xliv, xlv above. 
 
liv Appendix to Introduction 
 
 agayne. Thus was I condemnyd and payd v. pounds (Thomas 
 beinge his owne bayly, whiche is both agaynst law and reasone) for 
 namynge Thomas his wyfe an harlot, prevely only to one body (who 
 knew ye same as well as I) ; but yf he could so ponysshe all men y' 
 wyll more openly say so moche, he would sone be rychar then eny 
 lord maior of London. Y' this ... ye hym selfe no longe aftar (as he 
 had done ofttymes before) called her an owld . . . whores in ye harynge 
 of all his neyghbours . . . suche and suche, and namyd a great nomber 
 of her customers saynge that he had taken hir from y^ . . . and had 
 thought to have made her a honest woman, but it was past cure, 
 and therefore he thruste hir out of ye dores.^ And aftar y' she being 
 convayed agayne into y® house through one of y® nebours wyndows, 
 he bett hir, and threwe hir ageyne into the streat; and all ye neygh- 
 bours could not get him to take her in agayne ; for he sayd that she 
 would robe hym to kepe her bastardis, be his deathe as she was her 
 other husbands, for she styll went to wytchis and sorcerars. Yet 
 agayne she was conveyed into the house, and at x of y* cloke at nj'ght 
 he, being bare leggyd, serchyd and found her cropte in to ye jakes 
 entry, and then fell ageyn a beatynge of hir, so that my mother lyinge 
 syke on a palet was fayne to crepe vp, and felt about y® chambre for 
 Thomas his hosyn and shewes ; and crept downe ye stayres w' them 
 as well as she could, and prayd hym to put them on lest he shuld cache 
 cold. So my mother stode in hir smoke more than an owre entretynge 
 hym for ye lordes sake to be mo quiet. So y' at this tyme my mother 
 toke suche a could y* she nevar rose aftar ; but he and his wyffe went 
 to bed and agreyd well i-nowghe. Afftar this Thomas perswadinge 
 hym selfe yt my mother drew nere hir end causyd hir on S. lames 
 evenes eve " to receyve ye communion, w* whome amongst othar he 
 hymselfe receyved. The ministar of ye parishe, althoughe he were 
 but a stranger, new come out of ye contry, desyryd to se hir wj'U, and 
 fyndynge therin yt she had geven me, her eldyst sonn, but v. li. and 
 ye othar children x. li. ye peace, excepte Thomas, to whome she had 
 geven all hir howsys and goodes, and made hym full and sole executor, 
 he so moche myslyked therof, y* he desyryed to know ye cause, whiche 
 when by none othar meanes they could excuse, Thomas forcid my 
 mothar to say that I was very ryche and nedyd no parte of hir goodes ; 
 wherunto ye mynistar answeryd that yf I shuld be nevar so ryche yet 
 she must nedes make me equall w* eny othar hir children, or elles 
 
 ^ The MS. is damaged, and several words marked by blanks above 
 cannot be deciphered. 
 
 '^ 23 July- 
 
Documents illustrating Stows life Iv 
 
 shuld show hir selfe bothe vnfryndly and vnnaturall, for so moche that 
 by reason I was ye cheffe and ought to have y^ distributyng of all. 
 Then Thomas cawsyd my mothar to answer yt she had lyne syke in f- 6" 
 yt case y® space almost of vj yeres, in all whiche tyme I had nevar 
 come, nor sent to her, allthoughe she had sent to me by all y^ frendes 
 I had, more ovar that I had not axed hir biyssynge in xx yeres ; and 
 that I shuld say : ' wherefore shuld I care for her, she had done nothynge 
 for me ' (and of whiche I may not write, but for reverens of nature, 
 God forgeve hir ') ; and I pray God gyve hym grace to repent yt caused 
 hir so myche at that tyme and othar to endanger her owne sowle for 
 his filthy pleasure ; and more over she sayd, y* all most vj yeres 
 Thomas lyke a good naturall child had kept hir to his great charges, 
 or yt she mought have starvyd, and she was not able w* all hir goodes 
 to make hym amendes, yf it were v. tymes more. This talke beinge 
 all together vntrue (as knoythe God) was allso to this strange ministar 
 vncredible for yt he required that I shuld be sent for, which was vterly 
 denayed. Then he requeryd to know where I dwelt that he mought 
 go and talke to me, which was allso denayed hym. Wherupon he 
 refusyd to mynystar the comunion to them, but in ye end they w* 
 meny glosys perswadyd hym, and so he mynysteryd. The same day 
 Mystar Rolfe, a priest, who had ma[rried] one of my systars, told me 
 that he had often tymes parswadyd w* my mothar to set thynges in 
 a bettar ordar, and not to gyve all to me and nawght to y« othar &c. 
 And (as he said) she always bad hym hold his peace, or else speake 
 softly, for hir sonnes wyfe was in one cornar or othar harkenynge, and 
 she shuld have a lyffe x. tymes worse than deathe yf Thomas or his 
 wyfe shuld know of eny suche talke ; ' for ' (quod she) I can nor do 
 what I would, but as they wyll, excepte y^ lorde rayse me that I may 
 go abrode, and then I wyll vndo that I have done, and do y* whiche 
 shall pleas bothe God and ye worlde, but wo worthe that wicked woman 
 (meaninge Thomas his wyffe) for she wyll be my deathe '; (the lyke 
 awnswer she mad to hir brothar, her systar, her cosyn Cutlar, Henry 
 lohnson, and many othars). Also this Mystar Rolfe told me that my 
 mothar that day shuld receyve y® communyon, for she had sent for his 
 wyfe to receyve w' her, and so we partyd. And I consyderyd my selfe 
 yt it was tyme for me to atempte some way to speake agayne w' my 
 mothar, thought it not good that day to do eny thynge. But on ye 
 morow, beinge Seint lames even -, in ye afternoon I sent my wyffe w* 
 
 * This is in reference to a foul remark attributed to him, which Stow 
 first wrote down but then erased. 
 " 24 July. 
 
Ivi Appendix to Introduction 
 
 a pot of creme and an othar of strawberys ; but y^ present beinge no 
 betar she was kept out w' great threats. Wherupon (as I commaundyd 
 hir) she sayd to Thomas : ' why, brothar, are you ye same man y' y^ 
 wer wont to be ? I had thought y^ had bene changyd, become a new 
 man. how dyd yow receyve y^ communyon yesterday ? ' Then he 
 swar w* byttar othes, and sayd : ' how dost thou know yt ? by God 
 sowle, thou art a witche, and knowst it by witchcraft.' And she 
 answeryd agayne : ' Nay, I know it not by witchecraft.' ' Yes, by 
 God's sowle,' quod he, ' thou knowyst it by witchecraft, or else that 
 false knave, thy husbond, hathe coniurid for it ; but I wyll make the 
 vyllayn be handelyed for it, or it shall cost me an hunderyd poundes. 
 I will make all y^ world to know what artes he practysythe ; and get 
 ye out of my dores, or by peter, I will lay the at my fete.' Wherupon 
 my wyfe returnyd, and tould me. In ye morows morninge, beynge 
 seynt lames daye,' I went to my mother's paryshe chirche, and 
 inqueryd for ye parson. Wher it was aunsweryd me that he servyd 
 not ther, but had put in a mynystar. So I taryenge in ye chirche, 
 tyll the mynystar came at vij of ye cloke, and sayd vnto hym : ' I vnder- 
 stond ye mynisteryd to my mothar but ij days passyd.' The whiche he 
 confessyd, and told me all that is afore sayd of ye talke betwixt my 
 mother and hym, and how that he perseyvyd my mother durst not 
 speake one word but as Thomas bad her ; and y' agaynst his con- 
 science he mynestred to them ; moreover he promysyd, when so evar 
 I would, to go w' me to my mother. But on the morow morninge ye 
 
 same curat ^ ■. 
 
 f. yro be the furnacis and ye facis I told you of. And then 
 
 Thomas put ye great boke of lese ^ then one quyer of papar, bygar 
 then ye great byble, into the poket of his hose, tryomphinge and 
 swarynge as afore. But mystar Wyntrap ^ w' myche ado gat ye boke 
 agayne from hym, aftar that he had whisperyd a lyttle. For then 
 Thomas his great heat was alayed, and he was bothe could and quiet. 
 This boke, beinge compilyd by Thomas Norton,^ in short vearse, of ye 
 alteracion of certayn mettaylles, I desyryd Mst' Wyntrap to show to 
 some learnyd man for my discharge, as to ye byshope, deane, or arch- 
 
 ' 25 July. 
 
 ^ A leaf, or more, is clearly missing. 
 
 ' Possibly it should read ' not less '. 
 
 * Perhaps an uncle of John Winthrop, the first governor of Massa- 
 chusetts ; the family were clothworkers in London. 
 
 " Thomas Norton {fl. 1477), alchemist, and author of an 'Ordinal of 
 Alchemy' in English verse, and also De Transmutatione Metalloruni, 
 likewise in verse. See Diet. Nat. Biog., xli, 220. 
 
Doctmtenis ithtstraiing Stows life Ivii 
 
 deacon, Mystar Foxe,' or Rlystar VVhithed,* which last Thomas vtarly 
 denayed to be judge, for, saythe he, he is one that practysethe ye same 
 arte. Thomas, havynge his purpos of y» byll, which he rent in pecis 
 and burnyd, sent for a pynt of ale, and causyd me to drynke, and 
 bothe professyd frindshype and sorowe for his doynges passyd. And 
 my mothar sayd : ' the lord be praysed, for now my children y' were 
 dead ar alyve agayne.' After this tyme I repayryd dayly to my 
 mothar durynge hir lyfe, whiche was not longe, and allways awaytynge 
 to speake w* hir in secret. One tyme aftar I had longe taryed thar, 
 she cried out, as she dyd allwayes (when I was there) ' Ye lorde send 
 me some drynke. O ! that I had some kynd of drynke, what some 
 evar it were.' And at ye last she sayd to Thomas his wy fe : ' Dowghter, 
 for ye lordes sake gyve me some drynke.' Wherunto after many 
 suche callyngs she answeryd : ' I cannot tell what drynke I shuld gyve 
 you, for yffe I seche eny of owre owne drynke ye wyll not lyke it.' 
 ' Yes, dowghter, yes,' quod she, ' ye lorde knows I would fayne have 
 some drynke.' And then she fetchinge halfe a pynt of small drynke 
 (beare as I supose) my mother sayd : ' good dowghter, for ye lordes 
 sake loke in my cobard for a lytle gyngar, and put into it.' Whiche 
 she dyd. Then my mother desyryed hir to warme it a lytle. Whiche 
 she dyd, and went into ye kitchin, whiche was iij romes of, for y* ther 
 was no fyer in ye chamber, thoughe it were at Mychelmas. Then 
 I sayd to my mothar in this sort folowynge : ' Mothar, yow know that 
 I and my brothar Thomas ar now become professars of frindshype, 
 and I shall desyre yow for Gods sake so to do towards us y* ye frind- 
 shipe professyd may become perfecte and vnfaynyd ; yow know y* for 
 one word whiche I spake to yow in secret, whiche ye promysyd not to 
 open, he hathe made yow put v. li. out of yowr wyll, whiche yow had 
 gyven me . . .° is but a small mattar in comparison of y* he hathe 
 deceyvyd me in othar ways . . . pray yow to consyder y* it must nedes 
 offend me moche to pay v. pound for spekynge a word secretly, & in 
 ye way of . . . fryndshype lamentyng his . . . estate, and yf ye wyll not 
 be good to me for ye love ye ought to beare to . . . pore fathar your 
 husbond, nor for ye love you ought to beare to me your naturall sonne 
 & yowr fyrst, yet I pray yow to consydar y* I wax old & dekay in myn 
 
 ^ John Foxe, the martyrologist. 
 
 ' The association with Foxe makes it likely that this is David White- 
 head (1492-1571), the Puritan divine. In Bernard's Catalogus MSS. 
 Angliae, i. 332, a translation of Ripley's Medulla Alchymiae (ap. Ashmole 
 MS. 1480, III, B. 6) is attributed to ' David Whitehead, doctor of physicke ' ; 
 but in the MS. the ascription is merely to ' D. W.' (Black, Cat. of 
 Ashmolean MSS., p. 1319). See Diet. Nat. Biog., Ixi. 96-8. 
 
 ^ The margins of this leaf are much worn. 
 
iviii Appeiidix to Introduction 
 
 occupation, & y* I have a great charge of children, and a wyfe y* can 
 neythar get nor save, & be good to me for theyr sakes. Ye, 
 yf ye wyll not be good to me for all thes cawsys afore shewyd, 
 yet be good to me for Thomas his sake, y* we inaye by that meanes 
 contynue, & encrease in fryndshype. I crave no more but to 
 be put infye v. It. agayne, and so to be made equall w' the rest 
 of yowr children, y* be moste inferiour, and not to make me 
 an inferior vnto them. And Thomas hym selfe, yf he beare eny 
 frindshype at all towards me, or enithinge regard his owne quietnes, 
 he would rather of his owne parte spare xx. pound, than to let me 
 lake that v. pound ; for he knowythe y* I must evar while I lyve 
 grudge to pay so deare for so small an errour. I pray you to consydar 
 how you shall pleas God to make peace & vnity amonge yowr chyl- 
 dren.' And then I red vnto her y^ 133 psalme, whiche I had writen, 
 & would have lefte it w' her, but she would not take it. Then 
 I desyryd hir to cawse hir sonn Thomas to read it, whiche she sayd 
 she daryd not do. Ye psalme beginithe thus : ' behold how plesaunt 
 and how ioyfuU a thynge it is bretherne to dwell togethar & to be of 
 one mynd &c.' And this is a spesyall note to be markyd ; all the 
 tyme y' I was thus talkynge w' hir, to breake me of my talke she lay 
 as she had bene more afearyd then of deathe, lest hir sonn Thomas or 
 his wyffe shuld here eny of our talke. And styll she cryed to me : 
 'Peace, she comyth ; speake softly ; she is on ye stayres harkenynge 
 &c.' And at y® last made me this answer : ' I trust y^ Lord wyll 
 rayse me agayne, then I wyll go abrode and vndo all y' I have done, 
 & they shall not know of it ; but excepte y^ lord rayse me I can do 
 no thinge for I dare not speake for my lyfe, this wykyd woman (wo 
 worthe hir) wyll be my deathe &c.' Also myn vnkle, & my mothar's 
 brother, contynually perswadyd my mothar from mayny thyngs, as 
 from ye gyvynge an house to a servynge man (who was not kyne to 
 eny of our kyne) and ye rest of hir howsys & goods to hir sonne 
 Thomas from me and ye rest of hir children &c. And she would all 
 f. f ways yeld to her brothar & promes to do aftar his counsell ; but as 
 sone as he was gone she was worse than afore, so y' myn vnkell would 
 come to me, and w* wepynge byttarly parswad me to take all things 
 paciently for yt ther was no remandy, he had don what he could, & 
 would do as longe as she lyvyd, but it would not helpe for she was 
 bywitchid to the sayd Will. Eyre and Thomas Stowe. The greffe 
 wherof was suche to my pore vnkle, y* it shortenyd his lyfe. More- 
 ovar Henry Johnson, hearynge moche talke whiche he lykyd not, for 
 yt my mothar had made hym ovarseer of hir last wyll, on a tyme . . . 
 
JDocnmenis illustrating Slows life Hx 
 
 my mothar alone, he knelynge by her bed sayd yt he hard many evyll 
 words of her doynges, and all men cried out on hym for yt he beinge 
 great w* hir gave hir not bettar counsell (whiche fore tyme he dyd, 
 but all prevaylyd not): ' Mystris Stow,' quod he, 'ye have made 
 Willyam Eyar one of yowr children, for ye have gyven hym an howse ; 
 it had bene more mete to have gyven it to your sonn lohn Stowe, to 
 whom, as I have learnyed, ye nevar gave ye valewe of one peny, and 
 now yow had gyven hym but x. pound, and ye have throwghe your 
 sonn Thomas put out v. pound of that, and ye have made your sonne 
 Thomas the . . . twayne, who hathe bene a deare child to yow, & 
 allwayse spent yow moche money. I praye ... to put in ye v. pounds 
 agayne & make your sonn lohn Stowe x. pound as he was afore.' 
 Vnto whiche she answeryd y* she cowld not put in one peny, for she 
 had it not Wherupon Henry lohnson sayd : ' Mystris Stowe, every 
 man cane tell me yt yow could gyve your sonne Thomas xx. pounds 
 to renne away wt an othar mans wyffe, and wyll yow now say ye are 
 not able to gyve lohn Stowe x. pound &c.' All this talke my mothar 
 told aftarward to Thomas and his wyfe. And he on ye morow, 
 being ye Sonday aftar Bartylmew day, sent for me, and when I cam 
 at my mothars, he sat hym doune on the one syd of my mothar, & his 
 wyfe on ye othar ; and I, standynge as a prisonar, he examinyd me as 
 yf he had bene a Justice, and chargyd me y* I should set Henry 
 lohnson to have that talke afore sayd w* my mothar; whiche I uttarly 
 denayed, as well I mowght, for y* was ye first tyme y* evar I had hard 
 y* Henry lohnson had bene so playn wt her. Amonst many fowl 
 words and great threats of Thomas towards me he sayd : ' Mothar, 
 every body grutchid at yt which ye have ; breake yowr wyll and make 
 a new, & gyve them ynowghe ; ye may %y^^ them what yow wyll, but 
 yf I pay one peny, I forsake God ; Gods sowle, have ye eny more then 
 ye cowche ye ly on, and who wyll gyve xl.j. for it. How say you, 
 have ye eny ? yf ye have eny, speake.' Wherunto she answeryd : 
 ' No, sonne. It is tnie I have no more.' ' No, by Gods sowle,' quod 
 he, ' nor all that nothar, for ye kyveringe (whiche was but frise) is 
 Mege Fyne (I had lent her money on it) ; every body thynkythe that 
 ye have gyven me myche, whereas ye have gyven me nothynge at all 
 to speke of, and it is not worthe " god have mercy" ^ ; and yf my mothar 
 had gyven me this howse throwly well furnyshyd to me and myn eyrs 
 for evar, and an hundrend pound or twayne of redy money, it had 
 bene worthe "god have marci "; but yf evar I say "god have marcy" 
 for this, I forsake God & gyve my selfe to ye divell, body and sowle.' 
 ' Sunday, 29 August. 
 
ix Appendix to Introduction 
 
 Then sayd his wyfe : 'I wyll nevar say "god have marcy" for this 
 house and all that is in it, for we have but howse and have loade, & 
 I would not wash hir shiten clowts to have it. I forsake God, yf I have 
 not washyd x. buks of shitten clowts that she hathe shytten.' Wher- 
 unto my mothar answeryd : ' Ye, dowghter, ye lord reward you ; I 
 have gyven yow all that I have, and wold it war an hunderyd pound 
 bettar for yow.' ' [Aftar I was departyd from my mothar, remembrynge 
 yt Richard Brison, a fyshemonger, who stayed Thomas & Richard 
 Kemps ^ wyfe when they were rennynge away into Flandars, lay at ye 
 marci of god, & y' ye bell had told for hym, I toke ij of our neygh- 
 bours & went to the sayd fyshemongar, & tould hym how I had that 
 day bene chargyd and threatenyd by Thomas Stow, for that I shuld 
 (as he sayd) set Henry lohnson to speak the thynges afore sayd to my 
 mothar. Wherupon ye sayd fyshemonger.] My mothar deceasyed 
 a fortnyght aftar mikellmas Anno 1568, and ye morow aftar hir buryall, 
 whiche was sattardaye,' I met Thomas Stowe, my systar lohn ■* Rolf, 
 allias Froyke,^ and Henry lohnson at leden hall. So we went to ye 
 mayden hed, and dranke a pynt of wyne or twayne. At whiche tyme 
 Henry lohnson sayd to Thomas : ' I pray you be good to your brothar 
 lohn. Consyder he your eldar . . .^ 
 
 3. Of Willy am Ditcher alias Telforde. 
 
 [This is the draft of a petition, addressed apparently to the Alderman 
 of the Ward, perhaps in June, 1569 ; since Stow was still in business it 
 cannot have been much later. See p. xxiii. Harley MS. •}fi'],{, '^i\ 
 
 Pleasethe it your worshipe to vndarstond how your pore orator lohn 
 Stowe, hathe of late bene more then to to mutche abusyd by one 
 William Ditcher alias Tetforde, and his wyfe. The proces whereof is 
 to longe to write, but briefly to tuche some parte thereof. 
 
 In primis. At Christmas last past the same W. being by the warde- 
 mote inqweste forbiden to set his frame with fetharbends in the strete 
 sayd vnto them that the sayde lohn had complayned on hym, where 
 vnto the forman aunsweryd that he was deceyved, for the sayd lohn 
 
 ' The passage in brackets was afterwards erased by Stow, and left 
 incomplete. 
 
 ^ The MS. reads thus ; but no doubt it means the ' Margerie Kent, 
 widdow ' whom Thomas Stow married in 1567. See p. xlvi. 
 
 ^ Presumably 16 October. Elizabeth Stowe's will was proved on 
 13 Oct., probably she died on the 12th or nth. 
 
 ^ sc. Johan or Joan. 
 
 ^ See pp. xlvii and Iv. 
 
 ° Here the story stops abruptly. 
 
Documents illustrating S tow's life ixi 
 
 had spoke no word of it. This notwithstandynge when the sayd 
 lohn went toward his owne house the same W. and his wyife rayled 
 at hym, first as he passyd by them, and aftar at his owne dore to 
 shameful! and slaunderous to be spoken & hard. 
 
 Jim. When the Wardemote enqwest had gyven vp theyr endenture, 
 the same W. dyd arest the sayd lohn of ij C. pound action, where 
 vnto the sayd lohn put in surties to aunswer. 
 
 lim. On the next morninge ye same W. & his wife before the 
 stawU of the sayd lohn rayled agaynst hym more then a longe 
 howre w* ye moaste slaunderous speches that man or devell cowld 
 devyse, but the sayd lohn to avoyd the breache of peace kepte hym 
 selfe above in his house w' out eny aunswere makynge. 
 
 Itm. iij nightes after the same W. causyd his landlorde, Mastar 
 Ritche, to intreat the sayde lohn to forgyve the same W., and to 
 gyve hym leave to withdraw his action ; where vnto the sayde lohn 
 graunted w' conditions to have his costes and that ye same W. shuld 
 justifie the talke which he at that tyme vsed, that is, that he had bene 
 procuryd by Thomas Stowe to do all what so evar agaynst ye sayd 
 John Stowe. 
 
 Ilm. The same W. contrary to his promis made and hand gyven, 
 denayethe to all men that evar he was procuryd by the fore namyd 
 Thomas Stowe to do or say eny thinge agaynste the sayde lohn 
 Stowe. And also moaste slaunderowsly saythe that the sayde lohn 
 was fayne to intreat Mastar Ritche to take vp the matar, or eles the 
 same William would have coersed the sayde lohn, before he would 
 hav w* drawne his accion. 
 
 Itm. The same W. hath not payde one peny to ye sayd lohn 
 towards his charges. 
 
 Ilm. The same W. continually thretinithe to do such notable acts 
 of displeasure agaynst the sayd lohn as the lyke hathe nevar bene 
 done to eny man, and that all England shall speake of it, and of this 
 he hathe assurid his frind Thomas Stowe, where of he greatly 
 braggethe. 
 
 Itm. The same W. slaunderowsly hathe reportyd to the parson of 
 ye parishe, and deputy of the warde, as to all othar he comithe in 
 company w*, that ther comithe none but Roages and Rascalls, the 
 vylest in this land to the howse of the sayde lohn, which Rascalls & 
 Roages have hym from ale house to ale howse every day and night 
 till ij of the cloke in the morninge. 
 
 Itm. The same W. comonly and dayly Raylynge on the sayde 
 lohn callyth hym prike lowse knave, beggarly knave, RaScall knave. 
 
ixii Appendix to Introduction 
 
 vyllayne and lyenge knave, addinge more ovar that the sayd lohn 
 hathe made a cronicle of lyes &c. 
 
 lim. The same W. often tymes calendginge to fight w' y^ sayd 
 lohn, one tyme sodaynly lept in his face, foarcyd to have dygged out 
 his eyes, fowly scrate hym by the face, drew blod on hym, and was 
 pullyd of by the neyghbours. 
 
 Itm. For that the same W. cannot get his apretises & other servants 
 to fight w* the aprentice of the sayde lohn, he hym selfe on the 24 of 
 May last past threw tyllshardes and othar stones at the sayd aprentis 
 tyll he had driven hym of the stawli from his worke ; and then the 
 same W. cam to the stawli of the sayde lohn, and ther thretened that 
 yf he cowld catche the sayd aprentice abrode he would coarce hym, he 
 wowld provyd for hym, and he wowld accuse hym to have kyllid the 
 man on the Miles end in whitson weke &c. 
 
 Itvi. The 9 of lune at x. of ye cloke in the night the same W. 
 callid ye sayd lohn comon promotor, comon barrator, comon dronkard, 
 Rascall vyllayne &c. ; and sayde more ovar he wowld make hym to be 
 cartyd owt of the towne for such a one &c. 
 
 Itm. At that tyme he also sayde, as he hath done dyvars othar 
 tymes, that the wyfe of the sayde lohn had two children by one man 
 before she was maried, to the great slaunder of the sayde lohn, his 
 wyfe, and hinderaunce of theyr children, iij dowghters mariageable and 
 in sarvyce w* Right worshipfuU parsonages. 
 
 Itm. On the x. of lune the same W. cawsyd William Snelynge at 
 that tyme beinge dronken to come to the stawlle of the sayd lohn, and 
 there to cawle hym by suche a name as hym selfe far bettar deserved. 
 
 Itm. The xi of lune the same W., Raylynge at the sayde lohn, 
 sayde that he was the falsest man in England, and thretenyd to coerse 
 hym yf he cowlde get hym owt of hys dores, callendgynge hym oft 
 tymes to come owt yf he durst &c. All this he dyde in presence of 
 Mastar Fostar one of the lord maior's officers, 
 
 4. A Dispute over a Bill. 
 
 [This is a rough memorandum preserved in Hurley MS. 247, f. 209 
 presumably drawn up by Stow, when Crowche took him into court! 
 Crowche may be the Michael Crowche who was churchwarden of 
 St. Michael, Cornhill, 1574.] 
 
 1576. Somewhat before Christmas Mst.' Crowche sent vnto me 
 a bill contaynynge parcels to the sume of \s. id., vs. whereof I payde to 
 lohan his mayde on Christmas evene next folowinge, and sayde 
 I would be his debtor of the odd peny. Where vnto she aunswered 
 and sayde: 'I pray yow to be our debtor of goodwill, and be not 
 
Documents iihistrating Stows life ixiii 
 
 angry that I sent for so small a some, for other wyse ye are even with 
 my master, and owe him nothinge.' 
 
 1577. After this more then halfe a yere, to wite iij or iiij dayes 
 before bartylmew tyde, Mst' Crowche sent me to bylls in one, the first 
 contaynynge parcells to the some of viij. \d. due on the xv of lune 
 1576, the othar \s. id. due (and confessyd to be payde) at Christmas 
 next folowynge in the same yere. 
 
 Aftar the recept whereof, to wit on bartilmew day, I met with lohan 
 his mayd nere to the wrestelyng place, where I demaundyd of hir 
 what hir master meant to send me suche a bille for money which I had 
 payde. She aunswerd : ' Alas ! Mst.' Stowe, ye must make smale 
 accompte of my mastar's doinges now, for his heade is intoxicate ; he 
 hath maried a wife for Riches, but he had done bettar to have maried 
 a pore wench.' 
 
 Sens this tyme Mst. Crowche, metynge me in the strete hath 
 sayd : ' When shall we reoon ' ? (sic). Whereunto I have aunswered : 
 ' When ye will : ye demaund of me money, which I have payde longe 
 sence.' ' Well/ quod he, ' I fynd it in my boke, and I will warne you 
 to the corte of conscience.' ^ Quod I : 'Rathar name to honest indiferent 
 men to here the mattar, and as they shall iudge I will be content.' 
 'Say you so,' quod he, 'Well one of thes dayes we wyll drynke a 
 qwart of wyne and make an ende of it.' But then have I hard no 
 more of it in one whole yere aftar. The last tyme he spake to me 
 therof was about Eastar last, when he came home to my howse, where 
 we agreyd that Mastar Rickford, his ovartwarte neyghbour, whom he 
 named, shold here and ende the mattar on the Twesday next folowinge ; 
 but I gyvynge myn attendaunce that Twesday, I hard no more of it tyll 
 thursday last that I was warned to the [cojrtes, which I take to be no 
 good dealinge towardes me. 
 
 5. Tke Aleconners' Complaint of a disordered Tippler and Unworthy 
 Constable in Castle Baynard Ward in 1^84-5- 
 
 [This document {Harley MS. 367, f. 4) is in Stow's writing, and since 
 it is written in the first person, is composed in his manner, and found 
 amongst his private papers, it is not unreasonable to suppose that he was 
 personally concerned. If there is no proof that he was one of the 
 surveyors, there is also nothing to show why he should have taken any 
 interest in the matter if he were not.] 
 
 In primis. On Wednesday ye 2 1 of October anno 1 584, survayenge 
 the ward of Castle Baynard we found in the house of locelyne Turnar, 
 
 I Or Court of Requests, established in London in 1518 to hear disputes 
 in cases where the debt or damage did not exceed 40^-. See 1. 271 below. 
 
Ixiv Appendix to Introductio7i 
 
 typlar, his gests to be served by vnlawfuU measure. Whereupon we 
 gave charge to such of the howse as were then present, that they 
 shuld from thens forthe sell no more sortes of ale & here but twayne, 
 to wite doble and single, the best for a peny the qwarte, the smale 
 for a peny the potle, by sealed measures and not othar wyse, which 
 charge they promysed to observe in presence of a conystable and the 
 bedle of that warde. 
 
 Itm. On friday the 9 of July 1585, agayne surveyenge the same 
 ward of Castle baynard we found in dyvers places ale to be sold in 
 stone pottes and bottles conteyning the pece not a full ale qwarte 
 for 31/., but the offendars promysynge reformation, delt the more 
 favorably with them, as we can shew by writynge, when tyme shall 
 serve ; seven barells of beare we have sent into Christs Hospitall, & 
 wold ere this have sent as many more had not bene the late interrup- 
 tion of locelyne Turnar, & and his vnlawfull supportars, of the same 
 Castle baynard warde. Into this house of this locelyne Turnar we 
 enterid on the day above named, w* one lohn Topalie constable, 
 where callynge for a bottle of ale we were promysed it ; but the cony- 
 stable perswadynge vs that ther was no bottle ale to be solde, we went 
 farthere into the house, where Turnar's wyfe was, and there vsed suche 
 speeches that she forthwith loked the dore, where hir bottles were, and 
 sayd to vs she had none, whiche speeche of hers the conystable affermyd 
 to be trewe. Then Mastar Symson requerynge herto open the dorewhich 
 she had locked, she aunswered she woulde not ; and we demaundynge 
 to speke with her husbond she sayd he was not within. Then will- 
 inge the conystable to loke further into the house for hym, he aun- 
 sweryd he would do nothing without warrant vnder my lord maiors 
 hand, for he knew no authority we had, and therefore willed us to 
 loke we ded no more then we mowght well aunswer, for the goodman 
 of the house would put vs to it. At lengthe y^ sayd locelyne Turnar, 
 beinge amongst vs and vnknown to vs, he sayd : ' I am he, ye seke 
 for. What would you ? ' We told hym it was reported he sold bottle 
 ale contrary to ordar, which he denyed not, but seyd he ded as othar 
 men ded. Whereunto we answered we had reformed some and 
 wanted to reforme the rest. We told hym how his wyfe had denyed 
 to have eny bottle ale, how she had locked vp the dore, and denyed 
 the openynge there of, which was a resystance &c. Quod he : ' I will 
 not aunswer for my wyfe, nor eny othar then for my selfe ; and I had 
 nevar warninge to reforme thos things ye myslyke of.' The cony- 
 stable also affirded the same with many stowte words. In the end 
 loRcelyne Turnar opened the dore whiche his wyfe had locked, where 
 
Documents illustrating Stows life ixv 
 
 we found a 60 pottes and bottles filled with ale, where of we measured 
 one which the wyfe sayd was thre farthinges, and found it not to con- 
 tayne a full pint of sealed measure. Where vpon Mystar Coad sayd : 
 ' this is inowghe to forfaite all ye ale in yowr house.' We then takyng 
 locelyn Turnar asyde willed him to reforme, and sell no more suche 
 vnlawfuU measure, which charge he promysed to observe, but would 
 graunt none amends for the fawlt passed. ' Loke, (quod he), what 
 yowr authoritie will serve yow to, and spare me not. I will not resiste 
 yow.' Where vpon we departed with Browne, an officer to the 
 L. maior, & Payne, y^ bedle, who are witnesses that this was the 
 effecte of that days dowynge in that place. 
 
 llm. On Monday the 12 of July we cam agayne to locelyne 
 Turnar, and demaundyd of hym, yf he yet would be conformable, and 
 what beare he would send into Christe hospitall for trespase comytted, 
 whose aunswere was that he had not offended nor would make satis- 
 faction, but willed vs agayne to vse our authoritie so far as we would 
 aunswere it, demaundinge whethar the same were by parlyament or by 
 statute. Where vnto we aunswered it was by act of comon counsayle, 
 whereat he made a pufe. Aftar many words vsed by us to perswade 
 hym Topelye, ye conystable, vncalled for cam out of the innar parte of 
 the house with a brewar, as was sayde ; this conistable with vehement 
 words charged vs with offeringe wronge to the sayd brewar, for that we 
 had nevar gyven hym warning ; addyng that they lyed, that sayd 
 they had gyven any warninge there, and tellynge Master Symson 
 that I he lyed thoward hym. Where vpon Mastar Eliot, barynge his 
 right hand on Toplye left showlder, sayd : ' Ye, mystar conystable, is 
 that well sayd of yow, beinge an officer to gyve a man the lye ? I had 
 letle thought to have hard such a worde of your mowthe.' ' What ! ' 
 (quod Toplye), ' dost thou stryke me ? ' 'I stryke yow ? ' quod Mastar 
 Eliot. ' Wherefore should I stryke yow ? ' ' Why,' quod Toplye, 
 ' I fele myn eare smart yet.' William Lathe, officer to my L, maior, 
 and Payne, the bedle, are witnesses to this. 
 
 Thus and othar wayes beinge there abused, we departed thens, and 
 aftar declared to my L. maior, and courte of aldarmen, how we had 
 bene delt with, cravynge to have his honor and theyr worships ayde in 
 this case, or els to be discharged of owr trowblesome ofTyce. Where 
 vpon my L. maior and cowrte by warrant comytted the sayd disordered 
 typlar, and vnworthy constable to ward. But by meanes of such as, 
 neythar hard or saw, nor inquired aftar the lewde demeanor of them, 
 they were forthe with delyvered, and evar sence have bene stowtly, 
 suported with great threates agaynst vs, whereof we are to crave 
 remedy in this courte. 
 
 STOW. 1 C 
 
ixvi Appendix to Introduction 
 
 6. A Petition for a Pension. 
 
 [In Harley MS. 367, ff. 8, 9, there are two drafts of petitions to the 
 Lord Mayor and Aldermen. In the first Stow says that it was 'almost 
 thirty years ', in the second ' twenty-five years ' since he set forth his 
 Summary. But from the first it appears that Stow was sixty-four years 
 of age, and from the latter that the Annates were in preparation. This 
 seems to fix them to a common date in the earlier part of 1590. Perhaps 
 the drafts were alternatives. The second draft has been prmted already 
 by Strype in his Life of Stow, prefixed to the Survey, i, p. vii, but with 
 his own orthography.] 
 
 Pleasethe it your honor and worships to vndarstond that where 
 your orator lohn Stowe citizen &c., beinge now of the age of three- 
 score yeres fowre, hathe for the space of almost xxx yeres last past 
 (besyds his Chronicles dedicated to the Earle of Lecestar) set forth 
 divars somaries dedicated to the lord maiors, his brithren thaldarmen, 
 and comoners of the Citie. In all whiche he hathe specially noated 
 the memorable actes of famows Citizens by them done to the greate 
 benefite of the comon welthe, and honor of the same Citie. As also 
 (in showynge themselves thankefull vnto God for his blessynges) have 
 left a godly example to the posteritie by them to be embrasid and 
 Imitatid. And for as moche as the travayle to many places for 
 searche of sondry records, whereby the veritie of thinges may come to 
 lyght, cannot but be chargeable to the sayde lohn more then his 
 habilitie can aforde, he now craveth your honor and worships ayde as 
 in consideracion of the premises to bestowe on hym some yere pention 
 or othar wyse, whereby he may reape somewhat towards his greate 
 charges. And your orator according to his bounden dutie shall here 
 aftar, God willinge, employ his diligent labor to the honor of this citie 
 and comoditie of the Citizens there of, but also dayly pray for your 
 honor and worships prosperitie during lyfe. 
 
 Pleasethe it your honor and worships to vnderstond that where yowr 
 orator John Stowe, Citizen of this Citie, hathe heretofore, (to wite for 
 the space of these 25 yere last past) besydes his Chronicle, dedicated 
 to the right honorable the earle of Leicestar, set forthe dyvers sum- 
 maries dedicate to the lorde maior, his brithren the aldarmen, and 
 comoners of this Citie : In all which he hathe specially noated the 
 memorable actes of famous citizens, by them done to the greate benefite 
 of the comon welthe, and honor of the same Citie, as also in shewinge 
 themselves thankefull vnto God, have lefte a godly example by the 
 posteritie to be imbrasid and ymitated. In consideration where of the 
 sayde lohn Stowe mindithe shortly, yf God so permite, to set forthe 
 a farr larger somary or chronicle of this Citie and Citizens there of, 
 
Documents illustrating Stoius life ixvii 
 
 then heretofore hath bene published. And for as moche as the searche 
 of records in the Arches and elsewhere, cannot but be chargable to 
 the sayd lohn, as heretofore for many yeres it hathe bene altogethar 
 of his owne charges, besids his other travayls and studie, he now 
 humbly cravithe your honors and worships ayde. As in consyderation 
 of the premises to bestowe on hym the benefite of two fre men, such 
 as yowre honor and worships shall lyke to be admitted into the fre- 
 dome of this Citie, whereby he may reape somewhat towards his 
 Charges &c. And yowr orator shall dayly pray for yowre honors and 
 worships prosperitie during lyfe. 
 
 7. Royal Benevolence. 
 
 [From a printed copy of James I's Declaration of his royal benevolence, 
 in pursuance of his Letters Patent, ap. Harley MS. 367, f. 10, where there 
 is a note of 7J. \od. received from S. Mary Woolnoth parishioners. The 
 Declaration has been printed by Strype, and by Thorns in his edition 
 of the Survey, p. xi. The Letters Patent are given by Strype, Survey, 
 i, pp. xii, xiii.] 
 
 lames, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France 
 and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. To all our well-beloued 
 subiects greeting. 
 
 Whereas our louing subiect lohn Stowe (a very aged and worthy 
 member of our city of London) this fine and forty yeers hath to his 
 great charge, and with neglect of his ordinary meanes of maintenance, 
 (for the generall good, as well of posteritie as of the present age), 
 compiled and published diuerse necessary bookes, and Chronicles; 
 and therefore we in recompense of these his painfull laboures, and 
 for encouragement to the like, haue in our royall inclination ben 
 pleased to graunt our Letters Patients, vnder our great scale of Eng- 
 land, dated the eighth of March 1603, thereby authorizing him, the 
 sayd lohn Stowe, and his deputies to collect amongst our louing 
 subiects theyr voluntary contribution and kinde gratuities : as by the 
 sayd Letters Patents more at large may appeare : Now, seeing that 
 our sayd Patents (being but one in themselues), cannot be shewed 
 forth in diuerse places or parishes at once (as the occasions of his 
 speedy putting them in execution may require), we haue therefore 
 thought expedient in this vnuSuall manner, to recommend his cause 
 vnto you ; hauing already^ in our owne person, and of our speciall 
 grace, begun the largesse for the example of others. Giuen at our 
 palace at Westminster. 
 
ixvlii Appendix to Introduction 
 
 III. LETTERS TO STOW 
 
 Note.— The majority of these letters are contained in Harley MS. 374, 
 ff. 9-24. No. 12 is from Harley MS. 247. Nos. 13 and 14 are from 
 Harley MS. 530, f. I and f. 76*. No. 9 from Tanner MS. 464 (iv), f. I. 
 
 I. From Henry Savile. 
 
 [The allusion to Matthew Parker—' my lordes Grace '- shows that the 
 date was at the latest I May, 1575. Savile's father lived at Halifax. 
 Mr. Hare is Robert Hare (d. 161 1) the antiquary, who presented two 
 volumes of his collections on the Privileges of the University to Oxford. 
 See Diet. Nat. Biog., xxiv. 373.] 
 
 After my most hartie commendacions being verie glad and desirous 
 to heare from you, trustinge in our lorde that you be in good healthe, 
 or els I might be hertelye sorie, for that I have founde at all tymes 
 good favoure of you, since our first acquaintance ; and other acquaint- 
 ance in London I have none, but that I have by your meanes, as 
 good Mr. Hare, with whom I pray you commende me and desyre 
 him to lett me vnderstande in what towardeness his good workes 
 for the privileges of Oxforte is. And forther I beseche you to 
 certifye me if Wigornensis ' is printed, and wheare I may send to buye 
 it, and the price. And gladlye of all other I would vnderstande that 
 your last booke "^ weare forthe, that I might sende vnto you for one 
 or two for my money. Forther I woulde vnderstonde if my Lordes 
 grace be aboute to print Roger Howden, Maulbesburie,' and Hunting- 
 ton, and in what forwardnes they be. Good owlde fFrend let me have 
 your letter in the premisses, and God willinge it shalbe recompensed 
 or it be longe. And I must forther desire yowe to have answer by 
 this bearer. At this tyme from Halifaxe, this first of Maye. 
 
 By your loving ffrende 
 
 Henry Savill. 
 
 To my most speciall good friend Mr. lohn Stowe deliuer this in 
 Cornewall* in London. 
 
 2. From Robert Glover. 
 
 Thanking him for the loan of a copy of Marianus Scotus, ' It is 
 one of the best bookes I handled a great while. I wishe it were 
 
 ' Florence of Worcester. 
 
 ^ Presumably The Sunwiarie {or 1575. 
 
 ' William of Malmesbury. 
 
 * A not uncommon corruption for Cornhill : e.g. 'At the end of 
 Cornewall by the Stocks,' in Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary, 
 p. 40 (Camd. Soc.) ; see also Ing. p. in. Land., iii. 61. Cornhill anciently 
 extended to include Leadenhall Street as far as St. Andrew Undershaft : 
 see i. 97 and ii. 292 below. 
 
Letters to Stow ixix 
 
 your owne, for so do I wishe welle vnto myself. Fare ye hartely 
 well. From my house this Wensday the xith of September 1577. 
 
 Your lover and freende 
 
 R. Glouer, Somersett.' 
 
 3. From Thomas Hatcher. 
 
 [Dated IS Jan. 1580 (1581 N.S.). A long letter filling the whole of 
 f. 14. Thomas Hatcher {d. 1583) was a fellow of King's College, Cam- 
 bridge. SccDici. Nat.Biog.,\x.v.i!,i.] 
 
 Returning ' John Blakeman's treatise of Henrie the sixt '. As to 
 history of King's College. Wishes Stow to publish whatever he has 
 of Leland. And also his own Antiquities under the title of Stow's 
 Storehouse. Desires him to speak to ' Mr. Cambden, yor frend, the 
 vsher of Westminster School ', about publishing the history of Tobit 
 in Latin verse. Intends to give an account of the authors cited by 
 Stow in his Chronicle : for this purpose he desires Stow's help, and 
 also sight of Leland Be Scriploribus. Inquires as to author of Book 
 De Episcopis Cantuariensibus, which Archbishop Parker had printed. 
 
 4. From William C lax ton. 
 
 [As his letters show, Claxton was a northern antiquary, and man of 
 position and repute. He was the owner of Wynyard in Durham, whence 
 he wrote these letters. He died in May, 1597 [Durham Wills, ii. 272, 
 Surtees Soc). The date of this letter is 20 April, 1582.] 
 
 Asks for the return of a book by his nephew Thomas Layton the 
 bearer. Promises his help in what concerns the bishopric of Durham. 
 ' To his assured ffrynd Mr. lohn Stowe, Chronicler, at his house in 
 Leaden haull in London.' 
 
 5. Front the same. 
 
 [Dated 4 Jan. 1584. ' To Mr. John Stowe dwelling by y'' Ledon Hall.'] 
 Thanks him for his courteous letter. ' I am glad to heare of your 
 good proseading in these two notable workes you haue in hand, and 
 I wish my abiliiie were of credyt to doe you eny good therein.' Asks 
 for the safe return of the book which he had lent. ' I haue also sent 
 you an Inglysshe crowne by Robert Layton for a reraembraunce, 
 wishyng yow to assure your selfe yt so long as I lyue yow shall not 
 want a friend to the vttermost of his power.' Encloses some notes 
 on Durham. 
 
ixx Appendix to Introdtidmt 
 
 6. From the same. 
 
 [Unsigned and undated, but in Claxton's writing.] 
 Returns a book, and tells Stow that he has in store for him a 
 parchment life of Edward the ..Confessor, together with Mured of 
 Beverley. 'Where as yt appeareth by y™ letter that yow had 
 acquaynted the lord Howerd ' w* some of our procedynges, I am 
 very sory that I did not see his lordsh. at his being in ye countrey, to 
 whome I would haue done my dewtye, beynge thereunto reythar 
 bound for that I was brought vp by suche as were allyed to his Lp. 
 
 house.' 
 
 7. From John Dee. 
 
 [The celebrated astrologer and antiquary. The only date is 4 Dec. 
 Possibly the occasion was the publication of the Chronicles in 1580, or of 
 the Aniiales in 1592.] 
 
 ' Mr. Stow, you sail vnderstond that my frende Mr. Dyer did 
 deliuer your bokes to the two Erls, who toke them very thankfully. 
 But (as he noted) there was no return commaunded of them. What 
 
 sail hereafter, God knoweth. So could not I haue done. Hope, 
 
 as well as I. As concerning your burgesses for the Cinq 
 
 ports, &c.' As to Stow's copies of Asser and Florence of Worcester. 
 
 8. From his daughter, Joa7i Foster. 
 
 [Joan Foster is mentioned in her father's will ; see p. xlv above. The 
 hospital is the Hospital of St. Michael outside Warwick, as stated in some 
 notes written by Stow on the letter. John Fyssher, clerk, was made 
 keeper, master or governor of the house or hospital of St. Michael, 
 Warwick, by a grant from Henry VIH, on 14 Nov. 1541 {Letters and 
 Papers, xvi. 1391 {41)). Dugdale has no mention either of Fisher or 
 Brooke.] 
 
 After my most hartest commendacions vnto you and to my mother, 
 trusting that you bothe be in good healthe as I and my husband 
 were at my wrytting hereof. Thankes be to God therefor. This is 
 to desyer yowe, father, of all y*" fryndly fryndsheppe that you can or 
 maye to pleasure a very ffrynd of myn dwellyng here in Warwyck for 
 to seche owt for the foundacion of a hospetall or spettell house of 
 Warwyck founded by the earelles - of Warwyck in this parte. And 
 yf yow may healpe him ther vnto he wold reward you verye well for 
 yor paynes, and also you shall do me great pleasure therein, for y' he 
 is my verie ffrynd and neyghbour. It is supposed that you shall fynd 
 
 ' No doubt Lord William Howard (l 563-1640), of Naworth. He was 
 the first editor of Florence of Worcester, in 1592. See Diet. Nat. Biog., 
 xxviii. 79. 
 
 ''■ I am very doubtful of the second and third letters of this word ; but 
 the sense requires ' Earls'. 
 
Letters to Stow ixxi 
 
 the foundacion hereof yn the Tower of London, therefore good father, 
 now agayne I pray you take some paynes therin. The hospital 
 house is at the northe syd of Warwyck, the said hospetall was last 
 given by kynge henrye the eyght to a lohn ffisher master of the said 
 hospetall for ye terme of hys lyffe, and sence his deathe the sayd 
 hospytall was given to my aforsaid neyghbour and frynd Olyver 
 Brooke, who yet leveffe, and is dryven now for to syke oute the 
 foundacion thereof, which and you can helpe him herevnto you shall 
 do him greate good, and I praye you so soon as you have found out 
 any thing to do him good therin send worde to me w' as much spyd 
 as by. And he will Repair vp vnto you w' what spyd he maye. And 
 thus in haste I committ yow to God, from Warwyke the 3 daye of 
 december by yo' loving daughter during lyffe to remaine 
 
 Joan ffoster. 
 
 To my loving ffather Mr. lohn Stowe benethe Leadon hall neare 
 vnto the Thrye Towenes in London, gyve this. 
 
 9. From Thomas Newton. 
 
 [Thomas Newton (1542 ?-i6o7) was a poet of some eminence, a 
 physician, and rector of Little Ilford, Essex, whence this letter was written 
 on 29 March, 1586. See also p. lii above and Diet. Nat. Biog., xi. 402.] 
 
 Returns the copy of Leland's Epigrams and thanks him ' for many 
 
 other your curtesies, frendlie amities many tymes showed vnto me, as 
 
 namely at this tyme for this yo' boke of My. Leland his poetries '. 
 
 Newton, in his Encomia Illustriuni Virorum (ap. Leland, Collectanea, 
 v. 177), has an epigram addressed to his friend William Hunnis, the 
 musician : 
 
 De lo. Stoeo Chronigrapho. 
 
 Anglica scire cupis solide quis Chronica scribat ? 
 
 Stous id egregia praestat, Hunisse, fide. 
 Quottidie e tenebris is multa volumina furvis 
 
 Eruit, is mandat plurima scripta typis. 
 Ex nitida illius deprompsi ego Bibliotheca 
 
 Plurima, quae nobis nocte dieque patet. 
 
 10. From Henry Ferrers. 
 
 [Henry Ferrers (1549-1633), a Warwickshire antiquary and country 
 gentleman of Roman Catholic inclinations. Diet. Nat. Biog., xviii. 385. 
 Undated.] 
 
 Mr. Stowe, because I will breake promesse with you no more I have, 
 although it be late, first put you these pamphlets, and therwith youre 
 other booke, which I borrowed last, and desyre you to lend me youre 
 
ixxii Appendix to Intyoduction 
 
 bede and yo' pedigree of kinges, and so till c^ next meeting I bid you 
 
 farewell. 
 
 Yor loving friend, 
 
 Henry Ferrers. 
 
 1 1 . From Thomas Martyn. 
 
 [Thomas Marten (d. 1597) a Roman Catholic controversialist, and 
 fellow of New College, Oxford. See Diet. Nat. Biog., xxxvi. 320. The 
 date must be 1592.] 
 
 Likes his Annales and ' the great paynes taken therein '. Offers 
 some criticisms. ' My founder is bound to you, but that tale of Alice 
 Peers is slaunderous, and in my conscience most vntrue.' 
 
 ' To my well beloved and very freend M^. Stowe at his house 
 beyonde Leadenhall in London.' 
 
 12. Fro?n Thomas Wiclijfe. 
 
 [There is a fragment of a letter, refering to ' Purpool' (Portpool) and 
 Stow's Chronicle in Harley MS. 247, f. 211. The address and a post- 
 script, apparently of the same letter, are on f. 210, as below. There is no 
 date. I find nothing as to the writer.] 
 
 ' To his assured ffrynd M' John Stow, chronyclar, dwellinge in the 
 Leaden haul at London, d. d.' 
 
 Sr. I besech yow of yor aunswer of this Ire. for the within named 
 hartely desireth to here from yow. 
 
 Thomas Wicliffe. 
 
 13. From Henry Savile. 
 
 [As to Mr. Hare see note on i. Lord William Howard's edition of 
 Florence of Worcester, and the first edition of Stow's Annales were about 
 to appear.] 
 
 Mr Stow. After my hertie commendacions. Yor Li^ dated the 
 tenthe of maye I receaved at Halifax wt thankes, and synce I am 
 come to Oxford, where I have made enquirie to knowe where the 
 booke showld bee that M"" Hare showlde send hyther, yor Lre dyd 
 ymporte, and as yet I cannot here of the same. Therefore I desyre 
 you to goo vnto the good gentleman M' Hare in my name, and 
 requeste hym to let me vnderstonde by whome and abovi^te what 
 tyme hee sent the booke, and to what place he made his direction, 
 and whoo showlde have the custodie therof; for greate pitie yt weare 
 that so worthie woorke showlde be embeazled, and I pray ye w* 
 speede to certefye me in writynge, and delyver yor Lfe at the syne of 
 the Owle, that yt maye be delyvered vnto the carier, Richard Edwardes, 
 whome commythe homeward on Wednys daye next. And further I 
 praye ye let me know whoo is the printer of Wygorniensis, and wheare 
 hee dwellethe ; and whoo is the printer of yur booke. I haue heere sente 
 
Letters to Stow ixxiii 
 
 yo a mild sixpence to drynke a qwarte of wyne in yor travell. This 
 wisshynge yor healthe I byd ye farewell. Oxon. this sondaye Trinite, 
 21 May 1592. 
 
 Your lovinge frend, 
 
 Henry Savill. 
 Directe yw Ires I praye to M' Henrie Shirbourne over agaynste 
 Merton Colledge, to be delyvered to me. Mr Blanksome, God 
 wyllynge, wyll be at London ^ . . . 
 
 14. From William Camden. 
 [This is without date or address.] 
 
 Mr Stow, yff I might finde so much fauor att your handes as to 
 lend me the foundations of the Abbayes in Lincolnsliyre, Warwick- 
 shire, Darbyshire and Nottinghamshire, you should pleasure me 
 greatly. You shall receaue them againe this day before night. 
 
 Y"" Louing freende, 
 
 William Camden. 
 
 15. From William C lax ton. 
 
 [The writer of 4, 5, and 6. Dated Wynyard 10 April, 1594.] 
 Thanks Stow for the receipt of a book and his letter. Encourages 
 him to proceed 'to the publishing of such grave histories and 
 antiquities ' . . . 'I perceiue also by y°^ letter, that you haue 
 awgmented your booke of foundacions, whereof I ame hartelie glad, 
 and doe most earnestly request that you would let me haue a copie of 
 the best sorte \v^^ your newe augmentacions, which trewlie I would 
 make no small accounte of, and keape as a token of your manifeste 
 kyndnes vnto me ; and ye more earnest I am to haue it, as in yor 
 letter you said there is no coppie of it but yo'' owne, wh :, if owght 
 should come vnto you butt good, might happelie be neuer regarded 
 and spoyled, or neuer come to light, and so all yor paynes frustrate ; 
 whereas yf I haue a coppie of it I hope so to vse it and dispose of it, 
 as it shall be extant to all posterities, and amongst them a neuer 
 dying fame for you, who bestowed suche paynes in collecting the 
 certentie thereof together. What charge so euer you be at in gettinge 
 it copied fwrth for me, I will repaie vnto you with thankes'. . . 
 
 Postscript. ' The greater your augmentacions are, the greater your 
 fame and commendacions be ' . . . 'I would also request when you 
 publish your great volume ^ mentioned in your last booke you sent me, 
 
 ' The last few words are destroyed. 
 
 ^ Presumably 'The History of this Island'. The book on which Stow 
 worked so long, to no purpose. See p. xxi. 
 
ixxiv Appendix to Introduction 
 
 you would let me haue one booke of the same '. Asks for return of 
 three books which he left in Stow's study, when last there. They are 
 not his own. 
 
 IV. SELECT DEDICATIONS AND EPISTLES 
 
 [The Dedications and Epistles prefixed by Stow to his books have 
 a double interest both as giving in their simple way his Canon of 
 historical writing and for their incidental allusions to events in his own 
 life. Much of the matter in them was used again and again. Thus the 
 Dedication of the Summary Abridged for 1573 appeared with slight 
 modifications not only in later editions of that work but as an address 
 'To the Reader' in the Summary for 1575, in the Chronicles, and in 
 both editions of the Annales; its final appearance in t\i& Summary 
 Abridged for 1604 was Stow's last word, and as such it is printed here. 
 Of the others now given the Dedication and Epistle from the Swnmary 
 for 1565 have a special interest as the first of Stow's writings (the edition 
 of Chaucer had no preface of his). The Dedication of 1567, and Epistle 
 of 1573, deal with the quarrel with Grafton; they illustrate, and. are 
 illustrated by, the document on pp. xlviii to liii above. The dedication of 
 the Annales for 1592 (repeated with little change in 1601 and 1605) 
 practically completes the series ; it explains how Stow's hopes for his 
 larger volume were frustrated.] 
 
 Dedication and Epistle prefixed to the Summary for ij6^. 
 
 To the Right Honourable and my very good Lord, the Lorde 
 Robert Dudley Earle of Leicester, Baron of Dynghly, knyght of the 
 honourable order of the Garter, one of the Queenes most honourable 
 priuie counsell and Maister of hir maiesties horse. 
 
 Because bothe by the vniuersall reporte of all men, I heare and allso 
 by myne owne experience I perfectly know (right honourable and my 
 very goode lorde) how honorably and cherefully diuers workes pre- 
 sented to your lordship haue ben accepted : I (though of al others 
 most simple) was thereby encouraged, to offer to your honour this my 
 simple worke, in token of my bounden duty. The exaumple also of 
 that famous monarche Artaxerxes, who so wel accepted the simple 
 handful! of water, that the poore Persian Sinetas brought him from 
 the riuer Cyrus, putteth me in good hope, that youre honour, who geue 
 place to no man in humanitie and curtesie, wil not mishke this simple 
 signifieng of my good wylle. For, like as the mite of that poore 
 widowe that is mencioned in the Gospell, whiche she gaue in all her 
 penurie, is accompted a greater gifte then those huge sommes that 
 great men layde out of their greate stoare : so ought this my simple 
 pamphlet be adiudged to procede, though not from greater, yet from 
 as great good will as the best and learnedst writers beare to your 
 honour. For, they of their abundant stoare, haue laied oute somewhat : 
 But I of my meane knowledge, haue presented these few first frutes to 
 
Select Dedications and Epistles ixxv 
 
 your honor : knowing that your wisedome can in this small present 
 right well see my good wyll. My gift is a short briefe or summarie of 
 the chiefest chances and accidentes, that haue happened in this Realme, 
 frome the tyme of Brutus to this our age. Whiche I haue done by the 
 conference of many avthors, both old and new, those I meane, that 
 commonly are called Chroniclers, ovt of whom I haue gathered many 
 notable thinges, moste worthy of remembrance, whiche no man hereto- 
 fore hath noted, whiche worke also I was the bolder to dedicate to yovr 
 honour, because I know your lordships good inclination to al sortes of 
 good knowledges : and especially the great loue that you beare to the 
 olde Recordes of dedes doone by famous and noble worthies : whiche 
 my boldnes, like as I truste, your honor will not only pardon, but also 
 accept in good part : so I besech all the readers hereof that folowyng 
 your honourable example, they will iudge the best of this my trauaile, 
 whiche I toke in hand, onely for the respecte that I had to their profite. 
 Whereby they shall both shew the goodnes of theer owne natures, and 
 also encourage me willingly to go forwarde in this my enterprise. 
 Which doubting not, but that I shall the rather obtaine of them, 
 because of your lordeships fauourable acceptance hereof, I wil now 
 cesse any longer to trouble your honor, beseching almightie god long 
 to preserue you to the commoditie of this our natiue counlrie. 
 
 Your L. most humble 
 
 loHN StOWE. 
 
 To the Reader. 
 Diuers wryters of Hystories write dyuersly. Some penne their 
 hystories plentifully at large. Some contrary wyse, briefly and shortly 
 doo but (as it were) louche by the way, the remembraunce and accidents 
 of those tymes, of which they write. Some do with a large compasse 
 discouer as wel the affaires done in foreyn partes, as those that hapned 
 in that countrey, of whiche especially they write. And some content 
 to let alone other matters, pvt in memory only such thyngs, as they 
 them selues haue had experience of, in their own countreis. Amongs 
 whom, good Reader, I craue to haue place, and desyre roome in the 
 lower part of this table. For I vse thee in this my booke as some 
 symple feaster, that beynge not able of his owne coste to feast his 
 guestes sufficientely, is fayne to bee frended of his neyghboures, and to 
 sette before them suche dishes as he hath gotten of others. For I 
 acknowledge, that many of the hystories, that thou shake reade here 
 abridged, are taken, partely out of Robert Fabian, sometyme Alderman 
 of London, Edwarde Halle gentylman ofGreyes Inne, John Hardynge, 
 
ixxvi Appendix to Introduction 
 
 a great trauailer bothe in foreyne countreis, and also in all writynges 
 of antiquitie : and other, who reaped great abundance of knowledge 
 and filled their bookes full therwith, to the great profile and pleasure 
 of all posteritie, and to their own great fame and glory. So that of 
 their great plenty I might wel take somewhat to hyde my pouertie. 
 Howbe it, I haue not so doone it, as if they should clayme theyr own, 
 I shuld forthwith be left naked. For somwhat I haue noted, which 
 I my selfe, partly by paynfuU searche, and partly by diligent experience, 
 haue found out. Wherefore, both the smalnesse of the volume whiche 
 comprehendeth gret matters in effect, also the noueltie of som matters 
 vttred iherin, ought to cause y' it shold not be altogilher vnwelcome to 
 thee. For though it be written homely, yet it is not (as I trust) writen 
 vntruly. And in hystories the chiefe thyng that is to be desyred is 
 truthe. Wherfore, if thou fynde that in it, I beseche thee, wynke at 
 small faultes, or at the least, let the consyderacion of my well'meanynge, 
 drowne them. So shalt thou bolh encourage me to farther diligence, 
 and also vtter thyne owne frendlynesse, in that thou doest rather 
 further, then condemne a weak wryter. 
 
 Of smoothe and flatterynge speache remember to take hede : 
 
 For Trouthe in playn wordes may be tolde, of craft a lye hath nede. 
 
 Epislle Dedicatory (to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen") prefixed to 
 the Summary abridged, /or 1^6"]. 
 
 Although, ryght honorable and worshipful, I was my selfe verye redy 
 to dedicate this my small trauayle of Englysh Chronicles vnto you to 
 thentent that through your protection it might passe the snarlynges of 
 the malicyous, which are alwayes redy to hinder the good meanyngs 
 of laborious men and studious : yet consyderynge the occasyons neces- 
 saryly vnto me offered, and dutyfuUy to be considered, I thought good 
 to begyn with the ryghte honorable Therle of Leicester. For speakyng 
 nothyng of my own duetie, the commoditie of my owne countreyemen 
 In the second moued mee hereunto, seynge they were deceyued through hys autho- 
 ^b '"d" ° ' t ''y'y^ '^y ^^ fumyshyng of a friuolous abridgement in the fronture 
 with his noble name, I thought good, and that after amendement 
 promised and not performed, at vacante times, to take to my olde 
 delectable studies, and after a defence of that wherin another had bolh 
 abused hys Lordshype, and deceaued the expectacion of the common 
 people. But nowe at the requeste of the Printer and other of my 
 louing fiends, hauyng brought the same into a newe forme, such as 
 may both ease the purse and the caryage, and yet nothing omitted 
 
Select Dedications and Epistles Ixxvii 
 
 conuenyent to be knowne; and besydes all thys hauyng example 
 before my face to chaunge my Patron (reseruynge styll my Printer, as 
 careful! of his aduantage rather thenne myne owne) I am bold to 
 submyt it vnto your honoure and worshyppes protectyons together, that 
 thorough the thundryng noyse of empty tonnes and vnfruitful graftes 
 of Momus' offsprynge it be not (as it is pretended) defaced and ouer- 
 throwne. Truthes quarrell it is, I laye before you, the whyche hath 
 bene (if not hitherto wholly pretermitted) truelye myserable handled, 
 mangled I should saye, and such an hotchepotte made of truthe and 
 lyes together, that of thignorante in hystoryes thone coulde not be 
 discernde from thother. A strange case it is and neglygence shall In the Epistle 
 I call it, or ignorance that hee that was moued to wryte euen for I^«<''=='t°ry- 
 pytyes sake to restore the truthe to her integritye shoulde commytte 
 so great errors, and so many, that he himself had nede of a correcter, 
 and truth of a newe laborer. For me a heape of old monumentes, 
 wytnesses of tymes, and bright beames of the truth can testyfye that 
 I haue not swarued from the truthe : the whyche as I am redy at all 
 tymes to shew for mine owne safe conducte agaynst thaduersaryes, so 
 am I most certaine that he that pretendeth most hath had very smale 
 store of aucthors for hym selfe before tyme, and now hath fraughte hys 
 manerly Manuell wyth such merchandyse (as to you it shall be most 
 manyfest at your conference) that by the byinge of my summarye he 
 scoured newlye, or cleanly altered his old Abridgment. What pre- 
 occupation or what insolence is it then to transfer that vnto me that 
 am fartheste from such dealing .' And yet hauing muche better pre- 
 cedents before myne eyes (euen that excellent learned Dr. Coeper, 
 that I name no ancyenter, whose order and deuyse priuatly he con- 
 demnelh, and yet openly transformeth into his own Abridgement) 
 he accuseth of counterfeatyng his volume and order, whereas it 
 might be well sayde vnto hym : What hast thou yt thou hast not 
 receaued of me ? 
 
 But yt I be not agaynst my nature angry wythe my vndeserued 
 aduersary, 1 wil here surcease to trouble you anye further at this tyme, 
 most earnestlye requyrynge your honoure and worshyppes all ones 
 againe to take the tuityon of this little booke vppon you. The whych, 
 if I may perceaue to be taken thankfullye and fruitefullye used to the 
 amendment of suche grosse erroures, as hythertp haue bene in The 
 Great Abridgement, and presentely are in the Manuell of the Cronycles Too many 
 of Englande, in Thabridged Abridgemente, in The briefe Collection of "?™es for a 
 Histories commytted, I shall be encouraged to perfecte that labour 
 that I haue begun, and such worthy workes of auncyent Aucthours 
 
ixxviii Appendix to Introdtidion 
 
 that I haue wyth greate peynes gathered together, and partly performed 
 in M. Chaucer and other, I shall be much incensed by your gentlenes 
 to publyshe to the commoditie of all the Quenes maiesties louing 
 
 subiectes. 
 
 Your moste humble 
 
 loHN Stowe. 
 
 Episile to llie Reader prefixed lo the Summary abridged yi)r ijjj. 
 
 Calling to memory (gentle Reader) with what dilligence (to my 
 
 great cost and charges) I haue trauayled in my late Summary of y^ 
 
 Chronicles : As also y® vnhonest dealings of somebody towards mee 
 
 (whereof I haue long since sufficientlye written and exhibited to the 
 
 Setting (as it learned and honourable), I persuaded with my selfe to haue surceased 
 
 were) his from this kinde of trauell wherin another hath vsed to repe the fruite 
 
 aifoth^er'maii's o^ "^7 labours. But now for diuers causes thereto mouinge me I haue 
 
 vessell. once again briefely run ouer this smal abridgement, placing the yeares 
 
 of our Lord, the yeres of ye Kings, wyth ye Shyriffes and Maiors of 
 
 London, in a farre more perfect and plain order then heretofore hath 
 
 bene published. 
 
 Touching Ri. Grafton his slanderous Epistle, though the same wyth 
 other his abusing of me was aunsweared by the learned & honourable, 
 & by theym forbidden to be reprinted, he hath since y' time in his 
 second empresion placed his former lying Preface, wherin he hath 
 In the first these woords : ' Gentle Reader, this one thinge offendeth me so viuch, that 
 page the i6, / am inforced to purge my selfe thereof, and skowe my simple and plaint 
 20 line's. dealing therein. One lohn Stow of whom I wil say none euil ^-c, hath 
 
 published a Booke, and therin hath charged mee hittarlye, but chiefelye 
 In the seconde "^'Ih two thinges. The one, that I haue made E. Halle's Chronicle my 
 page the I & 2 Chronicle, but not wiihoute matigelinge, and {as hee saith) withoute any 
 J 4) 5> > ingenious, and plaine declaration thereof. The other thinge that he 
 chargeth me withall, is that a Chronicle of Hardings which he hath, 
 doth much differ from the Chronicle, which vnder the sayd Hardinges 
 I leaue his 7iame was printed by mee, as thoughe I had falcifyed Hardings Chronicle 
 plaine^dealintr ^''■' ^'^^ answeare I say the offence by mee committed, requireth no 
 to theiudg- such forced purgation. I haue not so bitterlye charged him, as he 
 others* \\'!i.^ plainly accused himselfe. My words be these. Some bodye {pith- 
 
 In commend- out any ingenious and plaine declaration therof) hath published, but not 
 ing mine without mangling. Master Halles boke for his owne. I name not 
 
 Grafton. This is the firste. The second is this : — lohn Hardinge &c. 
 exhibited a Chronicle of England, with a Mappe or description of 
 
Select Dedications Mid Epistles ixxix 
 
 Scotland, to King Henry the sixt, which Chronicle doth almost alto- I saye not 
 gether differ from that which vnder his name was imprinted by Ri. ^'^\^ ^°^^ ■_ 
 Grafton. cleof 
 
 After this in ye same preface he braggeth to haue a Chronicle of ^^Harding, 
 lohn Hardings written in the latine tongue, which he assureth himself 
 I neuer sawe, and doubteth whether I vnderstand. If he haue any ^'- Grafton 
 
 n€U£r ScLW 
 
 such booke, it is like that he would allege it, as he hath done manye Robert de 
 other Authors, whereof I am better assured he hath neuer scene so ^l^^^'^^f' 
 muche as the outsyde of their books. If ther be no such Chronicle of singham, 
 lohn Hardings, as he braggeth on, it is like I haue not scene it, & H. of Leices- 
 
 j , , , , , . ter, Register 
 
 must needs be hard to vnderstande it. of Berye, and 
 
 Then he saith my latter Summary differeth cleane from my first, "l "I 'i'^^'^ 
 To this I aunswere, I haue not chaunged eyther woork, or title, but alledgeth for 
 haue corrected my first booke as I haue founde better Auctours. But ^^'[ **^ 
 hee himselfe hath made his last abridgemente not onelye cleane con- alledged in 
 trary to his first, but the two impressions contrarye the one to the ™y Summarye. 
 other, and euery one contrary to his mere History. For his true 
 alledging of Aucthors let men iudge by those which are common in 
 our vulger tongue, as Policronicon, Ro. Fabian, Ed. Hall, Doctour 
 Cooper. Look those Authors in those yeres and peraduenture ye 
 shal finde no such matter. Try, and then trust. 
 
 Dedication o/Annales in i^<)2. 
 
 To the Right Reuerend Father in God my Lord Archbishop of 
 Canterburie, Primate and Metropolitane of England, and one of hir 
 Maiesties most honorable priuie Councill, lohn Stowe wisheth increase 
 as well of all heauenly graces as worldly blessings. 
 
 It is now more than thirtie yeeres (Right reuerende father) since 
 I first addressed all my cares and cogitations to the studie of Histories 
 and search of Antiquities : the greatest part of which time I haue 
 diligently imploied in collecting such matters of this kingdome, as 
 I thought most worthie to be recommended both to the present and 
 succeeding age. These laborious collections in so long a time haue 
 now at length grown into a large volume, which I was willing to haue 
 committed to the presse had not the Printer, for some priuate respects, 
 beene more desirous to publish Annales at this present. Wherein 
 I haue condescended to him to publish these, which I submit to your 
 gratious and graue consideration, and to the censure of the courteous 
 reader, & learned Antiquaries : relying wholy vpon this comfort, that 
 the truth & credit of my Authors is in no point iniuried, how simple 
 and naked soeuer the stile may be iudged. Neither do I doubt but 
 
ixxx Appendix to Introduction 
 
 they may haue free passage in the world, if they be countenanced 
 vnder your honorable name cfe protection. Vnto whom I offer & with 
 al dutiful affection I dedicate both my selfe and them : being heerunto 
 induced, both for that your worthy predecessor, and my especiall bene- 
 factor Archbishop PARKER, animated me in the course of these 
 studies, which otherwise I had long since discontinued ; and also that 
 your great loue and entire affection to all good letters in generall and 
 to the Antiquities in particular hath beene so singular, that all which 
 like and loue good studies, do iustly esteeme you their principall and 
 gratious patrone. Thus hoping of your fauorable acceptance of this, 
 as but part of that which I intended in a more large volume, I humbly 
 take my leaue. 
 
 London this 26 of May 1592- 
 
 Epistle Dedicatorie (to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen) prefixed to the 
 Summary Abridged for 1604. 
 
 Amongst other bookes, (Honourable & worshipful!) which are in 
 this our learned age published in great numbers, there are fewe either 
 for the honestie of the matters, or commoditie which they bring to the 
 common welth, or for the plesantness of the studie & reading, to be 
 preferred before the Chronicles and histories. What examples of men 
 deseruing immortalitie, of exploites worthy great renoune, of vertuous 
 liuing of the posteritie to be imbraced, of wise handling of weightie 
 affaires, diligently to be marked, and aptly to bee applied: what 
 incouragement of Nobilitie to noble feates, what discouragement of 
 vnnaturall subiects from wicked treasons, pernicious rebellions, & 
 damnable doctrines. To conclude, what perswasion to honestie, godli- 
 nesse ' & verlue of all sorts ; what diswasion from the contrarie is not 
 plentifully in them to bee found .^ So that it is as harde a matter for the 
 readers of Chronicles, in my fancie, to passe without some colour ot 
 wisdome, inuitements to vertue, and loathing of naughtie factes, as it 
 is for a well fauored man to walke vp and down in the hot parching 
 Sun, and not to bee therewith Sunburned. They therefore which with 
 long studie, earnest good svill, & to their great cost & charges haue 
 brought hidden Histories from dustie darkenes to the sight of the 
 world, and haue beene diligent obseruers of common wealths, and 
 noted for posteritie the fleeting maners of the people, and accidents of 
 the times, deserue (at the least) thankes for their paines, and to be 
 misreported of none, seeing they haue labored for all. I write not 
 this to complaine of some mens ingratitude towards mee (although 
 
Select Dedications and Epistles ixxxi 
 
 iustly I might) but to shew the commodities which ensue of the Note that 
 reading of histories, that seeing they are so great and many, all men backrute'/"'^ 
 would as they ought, imploy their diligence in the honest, fruitful!, slaieth Three 
 and delectable perusing of the same, and so to account of the Authors, seifeT'w™' 
 as of men carefuU for their countrie, and to confesse, if neede require, owne malice, 
 by whom they haue taken profite. It is now nigh 45. yeares since ^J^j^j^ j^j^ 
 I seeing the confused order of our late English Chronicles, and the false tales & 
 ignorant handling of auncient affaires, as also (by occasion) being ^Idctoeth^ 
 perswaded by the *Earle of Leicester, (leaning mine owne peculiar * i gaue him 
 gaines) consecrated my selfe to the search of our famous Antiquities, a booke com- 
 What I haue done in them, the former editions of my Summaries, Grandfathw 
 Chronicles, and Annales, with my suruay of the Cities of London, Edmond 
 Westminster, & Borough of Southwarke, may well testifie : but how " ^^' 
 far (be it spoken without arrogance) I haue labored for the truth more 
 then some other, the last editions will euidently declare. Where in 
 that I differ from the inordinate & vnskilfull collections of other 
 men, it is no maruaile, seeing that I doe not fully agree with my selfe, 
 as some obscure persons haue fondly charged me, but let it be con- 
 sidered that there is nothing perfect at the first, & that it is incident to 
 mankind to erre & slip sometime, take he neuar so great heede ; but 
 only the point of fantasticall fooles to perseuer & continue in their 
 errors perceiuing them. Wherfore seeing that the perusing of auncient 
 records & best approued histories of all times (not without great 
 difiicultie obtained) do not only moue me, but for their authoritie driue 
 me to acknowledge both mine & other mens errors, & in acknow- 
 ledging, to correct them, I trust to obtaine thus much at your Honor 
 & Worships hands : that at the least you will call to remembrance 
 a most gentle and wise law of the politike Persians, where in it was 
 enacted that a man accused to be in their lawes a trespasser, and 
 found guiltie of the crime, should not straightway be condemned, but 
 a diligent inquirie & search of his whole life and conuersation (no 
 slander imputed vnto him as of importance) if the number of his 
 laudable facts did counteruaile the contrarie, he was full quit of trespas. 
 The same lawe doe I wish the readers of this my abridged Summary 
 and other my larger Chronicles, to put in vse, that if the errours be 
 not so plentiful!, as Histories truely alledged, they will beare with them, 
 for (as I haue promised and many wayes performed) I meane (God 
 willing) so to trie all matters worthy of immortalitie by the certaine 
 touchstone of the best allowed Historiographers and sound recordes, 
 that neither any body by me shalbe deceiued nor I forced to craue 
 pardon if I do offend. 
 
ixxxii Appendix to Introductmi 
 
 V. BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 I. The Summary and the Summary Abridged. 
 
 [Stow, in his account of his quarrel with Grafton, distinguishes carefully 
 between his Summary, which first appeared in 1565, and the Summary 
 Abridged, first published in the next year. The distinction has not always 
 been noted, but the two works are bibliographically quite different. The 
 former is small 8^^°, and so long as Leicester was alive was dedicated to 
 him ; the additional matter (other than the Chronicles proper) is not so 
 full as in the abridgement, the amount varies in different editions, but 
 generally comprises some notes as to Terms, a List of Authors, and at 
 the end a Table or Index; the last edition in 1590 was dedicated to the 
 Lord Mayor. The Summary Abridged is 16""' (or 24"°) ; the first 
 edition had no dedication (Stow says that it was dedicated to the Lord 
 Mayor — p. lii above — but the apparently complete copy in the British 
 Museum has none), all the later editions were dedicated to the Lord 
 Mayor ; the additional matter consists of a Calendar, Rules to find Fasts, 
 the Terms, &c., at the beginning, and at the end the distances of towns 
 from London, and the dates of the principal Fairs; there is no List ot 
 Authors and no Table. So far as its main substance is concerned the 
 Summary Abridged agrees with Stow's own description of it as brought 
 ' into a new form, such as may both ease the purse and the carriage, yet 
 nothing omitted convenient to be known '. Successive editions both of 
 the Summary and the Summary Abridged were from time to time 
 curtailed to make room for fresh matter. The entry of the Summary 
 appears in the Stationers' Registers under 1564-5; 'Thomas marshe 
 for printing of a breaffe cronenacle made by John Stowe, auctorysshed 
 by my lorde of Canterbury.' This is the first time the archbishop's name 
 thus appears on the Register. In the margin is the note: 'T. Marshe 
 ultimo marcij 1573 chaunged with H. Byneman for Terence, per licem. 
 magistri et gardianorum.' This is the earliest note of such an exchange 
 (Arber, Transcript, i. \lob). Like all Stow's works printed in his life- 
 time, the Summary is in black letter. Copies of editions marked * are in 
 the I5ritish Museum, and of those marked t in the Bodleian Library.] 
 
 The Sumviary. 
 
 * t A Summarie of Englyshe Chronicles, Conteyning the true accotnpt 
 of yeres, wherein euery kyng of this Realme of England began 
 theyr reigne, howe long they reigned : and what notable thynges 
 hath beene done durynge theyr Reygnes. Wyth also the names 
 and yeares of all the Bylyffes, Gustos, maiors, and sheriffes of the 
 Citie of London, sens the Conqueste, dyligently collected by 
 lohn Stow ... in the yere . . . 1565. 
 
 ff. xiv, 248, xii. T. Marshe, 1565, S''" 
 
 t A Summarie of our Englyshe Chronicles . . . Diligently collected 
 by John Stowe ... In the yeare . . . 1566. 
 
 ff. xii, 282 ^ xii. T. Marshe, 1566, 8^0 
 
 ' However ff. 130 and 137 are, through misprinting, wanting. 
 
Bibliography Ixxxiii 
 
 t [A Summarie, &c.']. 
 
 ff. X, pp. 413, ff. xi. T. Marshe, 1570, 8^0 
 
 + A Summarie of the Chronicles of England, from the first comming 
 of Brute, into this land, vnto this present yeare of Christ 1574. 
 
 ff. viii, pp. 441, ff. xi. Henry Binneman, 1574, 8™ 
 
 * t A Summarie of the Chronicles of Englande from the first arriuing 
 
 of Brute . . . unto . . . 1575. Corrected and enlarged. 
 
 flF. viii, pp. 570, ff. xxviii. R. Tottle and H. Binneman, 
 
 [i575> 8™ 
 
 * A Summarie of the Chronicles of England from . . . Brute . . . vnto 
 
 ... 1 590. First collected, since enlarged, and now continued by 
 lohn Stow. 
 
 ff. viii, pp. 760, ff. iv. R. Newbery, 1590, 8^0 
 
 The Summary Abridged. 
 
 * The Summarie of Englyshe Chronicles. Lately collected and pub- 
 
 lished, nowe abridged and continued tyl this present moneth of 
 Marche in the yere of our Lord God, 1566, by L S. 
 
 ff. viii, 197, iii. T. Marshe, 1566, 16™" 
 
 * t The Summarie of Englishe Chronicles . . . continued til this 
 
 present moneth of Nouember . . . 1567. '&-j \. S. 
 
 ff. xii, 200, ii. T. Marshe, 1567, i6mo 
 
 * t The Summarie of the Chronicles of Englande . . . newly cor- 
 
 rected, abridged, and continued vnto 1573. 
 
 unnumbered. T. Marshe, 1573, i6>»o 
 
 [According to Lowndes there was an edition in 1579, but he gives no 
 particulars.] 
 
 A Summarie, (fee." 
 
 R. Newbery and H. Denham, 1584. 
 
 * t A Summarie of the Chronicles of Englande. Diligently collected, 
 
 abridged and continued vnto . . . 1587 ... by lohn Stow. 
 
 ff. xvi, pp. 446, ff. xvi. R. Newberie and H. Denham, 
 
 [1587, i6«»o 
 
 * t A Summarie . . . Diligently collected, &c. 
 
 ff. xvi, pp. 460, ff. xvii. R. Bradocke, 1598, 161310 
 
 * t A Summarie . . . Diligently collected, &c. 
 
 ff. XV, pp. 458, ff. xvi. lohn Harison, 1604, i6™o 
 
 ' The copy in the Bodleian Library is without title. 
 ' So given by Lowndes. 
 
 f 2 
 
Ixxxiv Appendix to Introduction 
 
 The Abridgement or Summarie of the English Chronicles, first col- 
 lected by master lohn Stow . . . continued vnto . . . 1607, by 
 E. H.» 
 
 Imprinted for the Company of Stationers, 1607, 8™ 
 
 The Abridgement of the English Chronicles . . , vnto the end of the 
 yeare 16 10. By E. H. 
 
 Imprinted for the Company of Stationers, 161 1, 8™ 
 The Abridgement . . . vnto the beginning of the yeare, 1618. By E. H. 
 
 Imprinted for the Company of Stationers, 1618, 8™ 
 
 3. The Chronicles and Annales. 
 
 [The Chronicles of 1580 furnish as it were a connecting link between 
 the Summary and the Annales, preserving the civic character of the 
 former, but approaching the latter in size. Of the Annales the editions 
 of 1601 and 1605 are nearly identical; the latter has only one sheet 
 (Qqqq) reprinted, with additions down to 26 March, 1605. Howes in 
 his two editions, besides his continuation beyond 1605, interpolated 
 matter in other places ; quotations from his editions are not to be relied 
 on as representing Stow's own work.] 
 
 The Chronicles of England, from Brute vnto this present yeare of 
 Christ, 1580. Collected by lohn Stow. 
 
 Ralph Newberie at the assignment of Henrie Bynneman, 
 
 [1580, 4to 
 
 The Annales of England faithfully collected out of the most autenticall 
 Authors, Records, and other monuments of Antiquitie, from the 
 first inhabitation vntill this present yeere 1592. By lohn Stow. 
 
 Ralfe Newbery, 1592, 4*" 
 The Annales of England . . . continued . . . vntill this present yeare 
 1601. 
 
 Ralfe Newbery, i6oi, ^^° 
 The Annales of England . . . continued . . . vntill this present yeare, 
 1605. 
 
 George Bishop and Thomas Adams, 1605, 4*0 
 The Annales or Generall Chronicle of England . . . continued and 
 augmented . . . vnto the ende of this present yeere, 1614. By 
 Edmond Howes. 
 
 T. Adams, 16 15, folio. 
 Annales or a Generall Chronicle of England . . . continued vnto the 
 end of this present yeere 1631. By Edmond Howes. 
 
 Richard Meighen, 1631, folio. 
 
 * This, and the two subsequent editions published by Edmond Howes, 
 are re-editions of the original work, not of the Summary Abridged. 
 
Bibliography ixxxv 
 
 3. The Survey of London. 
 
 [The Sufvey of London was entered at Stationers' Hall by John Wolfe 
 on 7 July, 1598. It was transferred by Wolfe's widow to John Pyndley 
 on 27 April, 1612, and by Pyndley's widow to George Purslowe on 
 2 November, 1613 (Arber, Transcript, iii. 39, 219, 245). Some copies of 
 the first edition have the date 1599; an instance is the presentation copy 
 to Ehzabeth Stow, now in the British Museum, which has her name 
 printed within in an ornamental border on the back of the title-page, and 
 her initials and the City arms stamped on the covers.] 
 
 A Suruay of London ... by lohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an 
 Apologie, &c. 
 
 lohn Wolfe, 1598, sm. 4*0 
 A Suruay, &c. 
 
 lohn Windet, 1603, sm. 4''0 
 
 The Suruay of London . . . continued . . . with many rare and worthy 
 notes ... by A. M. 
 
 George Purslowe, 1618, sm. 4*0 
 
 The Suruey of London . . . Begunne first by . . . lohn Stow . . . 
 afterwards inlarged by ... A. M. in the yeare 1618. And now 
 completely finished by . . . A. ]\L, H. D., and others. 
 
 Elizabeth Purslow, 1633, fol. 
 A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster . . . brought down 
 from the Year 1633 ... to the present time by John Strype. 
 
 London, 1720, 2 vols, folio. 
 A Survey, &c. By Robert Seymour. The whole being an Improve- 
 ment of Mr. Stow's and other Surveys. 
 
 London, 1734-5, 2 vols, folio. 
 A Survey, &c. [Seymour's work with the addition of Dugdale's History 
 of S. Paul's.] By a Gentleman of the Inner Temple. 
 
 London, 1753, 2 vols, folio. 
 
 A Survey of the Cities . . . Corrected, improved and very much 
 Enlarged in the Yeare 1720 by John Strype . . . brought down 
 to the present Time by Careful Hands. The Sixth Edition. 
 
 London, 1754-5, 2 vols, folio. 
 
 A Survey, &c. Edited by W. J. Thorns. 
 
 8™, 1842. Reprinted with illustrations 1876. 
 
 A Survey, &c. Edited by H. Morley. 
 
 8*0, 1889. Reprinted 1893. 
 
ixxxvi AppeJtdix to Introduction 
 
 4. Miscellaneous. 
 
 The workes of Geffrey Chaucer, newly printed with diuers addicions, 
 
 whiche were neuer in printe before. 
 
 1 56 1, folio. 
 
 The Successions of the History of England from the beginning of 
 Edward vi to the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth : together 
 with a list of the Dukes, Marquises, Earls, Viscounts, and Barons 
 of England to the present Time. By lohn Stowe. 
 
 London, 1638, folio. 
 
 [Lowndes, Bibliographer's Mamial, v. 2525. There is no copy either 
 in the British Museum or the Bodleian Library. The Peerage is stated 
 to take 45 pp., the list of Bishops 3 pp. ; the History begins on p. 333, 
 and ends on p. 843.] 
 
 A Recital of Stow's Collection concerning the Rise, Profitableness, 
 and Continuance of the Court of Requests, or Court of Con- 
 science in the City of London. 
 
 [London, 1640?] s.sh. folio. 
 
 [There is a copy in the British Museum.] 
 
 Three Fifteenth Century Chronicles, with historical memoranda by 
 John Stowe, the antiquary, and contemporary notes of occurrences 
 written by him in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Edited by 
 James Gairdner. 
 
 Camden Society, 1880. N. S. xxviii. 
 
 VL SOME ACCOUNT OF STOW'S COLLECTIONS 
 
 AND MSS. 
 
 [This account is intended only as a short summary to show the general 
 character of Stow's Collections. The contents of some of the volumes are 
 so varied and fragmentary that a full catalogue would extend to great 
 length. I have, however, included all the items of most interest, and 
 especially such as bear on the history of London. Further particulars 
 of the more important volumes may be found in the Catalogue of Har- 
 leian MSS. ; but this summary includes a few notices, which are there 
 omitted, together with some fresh identifications. 
 
 Touching the history of Stow's Collections it would appear that part of 
 them were purchased at his death by Ralph Starkey, whom Sir Simonds 
 D'Ewes calls ' an ignorant, mercenary, indigent man ', whilst allowing 
 that he had ' great plenty of new written collections and divers original 
 letters of great moment.' Starkey died in 1628, and D'Ewes eagerly 
 purchased his library as an inestimable prize {Autobiography, i. 391-2). 
 D'Ewes' library was sold by his grandson to Robert Harley, and thus 
 this portion of Stow's Collections found its way to the British Museum. 
 Whilst in Starkey's possession Stow's papers were used by Roger Dods- 
 worth in preparing his ' Monasticon ' (Hearne, Collectanea, iii. 108). In 
 Hearne's time a quantity of Stow's papers, including collections for the 
 Annales and on ecclesiastical foundations and Leland's Jtinerary,yitvt inthe 
 
stows Collections and MSS. Ixxxvii 
 
 Ppssession of a Mr. Davies of Llannerch, and were seen and used by Hearne 
 (/«?. iii. 70, 143). The transcripts of Leland in Tanner MS. 464 are no 
 doubt those which were purchased by Camden (see p. xxv above). In 1657 
 they were in the possession of Mr. Robert Vaughan of Hengwrt ; they 
 came to the Bodleian Library in 1736 (Toulmin Smith, Leland in Wales, 
 p. vi ; and Itinerary, i, pp. x.xiii, xxiv). The extant papers can be only 
 a small part of Stow's Collections. The fate of the remainder is told by 
 a note at the head of those in Cotton MS. Cleopatra C. iii: 'Bought 
 of Edwardes, the Broker and Fripper, \ys. 27 Octobr. 1613.' As regards 
 others Anthony Munday states definitely that Stow, while he was alive, 
 delivered him some of his best collections, which were made use of in 
 subsequent editions of the Survey (Epistle Dedicatorie, ed. 1633). In 
 like manner it is probable that some material had passed into the hands 
 of Edmund Howes, to be incorporated by him in his editions of the 
 Annates (see vol. ii, pp. 282, 323-4 and 367). 
 
 The great extent of Stow's Library is described by David Powel in 
 1584 in the Preface to his Historie of Cambria : ' In written hand I had 
 Gildas Sapiens alias Nennius, Henrie Huntingdon, William Malmsbury, 
 Marianus Scotus, Ralph Cogshall, lo. Eversden, Nicholas Triuet, 
 Florentius Wigomensis, Simon of Durham, Roger Houeden, and other, 
 which remaine in the hand of I. Stowe, citizen of London, who deserueth 
 commendation for getting together the ancient writers of the histories of 
 this land.' Stow himself mentions that he possessed copies of Gower's 
 Vox Clamantis and Confessio Amantis and of Fabyan's Chronicles (see 
 voL ii, pp. 57 and 305 below). Camden was indebted to him for a copy 
 of Geoffrey le Baker's Chronicle (see Sir E. M. Thompson's Preface, 
 p. vii). For a MS. (relating to 1513) borrowed from Stow in 1584, see 
 Letters and Papers, Henry VIII, i, p. 632. Sir Robert Cotton would 
 appear to have been a great purchaser of Stow's MSS., and his collection 
 no doubt includes others besides those which I have noted. To make 
 a complete list of extant MSS. which belonged to Stow would be an 
 almost hopeless task. 
 
 Of Stow's printed books one containing a few notes in his writing is 
 preserved in the British Museum, viz. a copy of Norden's Hertfordshire^ 
 
 A. Collections 
 I. In the British Museum. 
 
 Harley 247. A volume of miscellaneous and fragmentary papers, 
 including many from Stow's Collections. Note: ff. 20-37. Part of 
 a history of the Kings of Kent with notes by Stow. f. 45. A 
 fragment for the Annales. ff. 82-97. Notes out of Hector Boetius 
 made by Stow. ff. 143, and 169-72. Fragments of chronicles in 
 English for 1376-7 (Printed in Sir E. M. Thompson's edition of 
 Chronicon Angliae, pp. Ixvii-lxxxiii. See ii. 283 below), ff. 173-4. 
 A fragment of a translation of the Chronicon Angliae (see Sir E. M. 
 Thompson's edition, p. xi), ff. 174, 176. Copies of deeds relating 
 to London, f. 208. Concerninge the burning of Moskow by the 
 Crimme-Tartar, written by lohn Stow. f. 209. A note by Stow of 
 his dispute with Master Crowche (see p. Ixii. above), ff. 210, 210*. 
 Fragments of a letter to Stow from Thomas Wicliffe (see p. Ixxii. 
 
Ixxxviii Appendix to Introduction 
 
 above), f. 217. Notes by Stow on the execution of Barrow and 
 Greenwood in 1593. 
 
 Harley 293. A miscellaneous collection containing a few papers 
 of Stow's. e.g. f. 32. Historical notes. ff. 44-5. List of sur- 
 names from Froissart. 
 
 Harley 367. A volume of miscellaneous papers, the majority of 
 which belonged to Stow. For ff. i-io see pp. xlix-lxvii above. Note : 
 f. II. Grafton's reply to Stow, with pungent comments by the latter 
 in the margin {' This is a lye,' &c. Much of Grafton's statement is 
 too worn to be fully legible ; he claims to have had a principal share 
 in Hall's Chronicle), f. 12. Stow's further vindication of himself 
 against the aspersions of Grafton, ff. 13-18 and 20-45. Various 
 historical notes by Stow. f. 19. An extract from a City Chronicle 
 for 1502 (See ii. 341-2 below), f. 46. The way of coining and 
 examining or trying of money, written by lohn Stow. f. 48. The 
 relation of what was found at the digging of a vault at the corner of 
 Bread Street, Cheapside. (See ii. 351 below.) f. 86™. A morall 
 Ballad by Henry Scogan (see i. 241 below), f. 129. A poem, dated 
 1583 by William Vallans, Salter, addressed to Stow and lamenting 
 his lack of reward for writing in praise of citizens. — Vallans was the 
 author of a piece of verse printed in Leland's Itinerary, vol. v. ' A 
 Tale of Two Swannes'; see Did. Nat. Biog., Iviii. 83. — The last 
 few lines will illustrate sufficiently the character of this poem: 
 
 Let citizens themselues declare 
 
 What dedes theyre mayors haue done, 
 What benefactors they haue had. 
 
 What honor they haue wonn. 
 And though your selfe a Cytezen 
 
 Regard there lastyng fame 
 Yet reason is they should reward 
 
 Or recompense the same. 
 
 This volume also contains copies of poems by Lydgate and other 
 writers made by Stow. 
 
 Harley 374. A collection of autograph letters made by Sir Simonds 
 D'Ewes. For letters toStow on ff. 9-24 see pp. Ixviii-lxxiii above. Note 
 also: f. 12. Christopher Ridley to the right worshipful Mr. Will. 
 Claxton of Wynyard with an account of the Picts Wall. (Some notes 
 written thereon by Stow.) f. 20. A note by Camden of inquiries to 
 be made of Mr. Claxton touching the Picts Wall. 
 
 Harley 530. Miscellaneous collections of Camden's and Stow's. 
 Note : f. i. A letter from Henry Savile to Stow (see p. Ixxii above). 
 
Sioivs Collections and MSS. ixxxix 
 
 ff. 2-12. Collectanea ex chion. de Dunmowe. if. 19-30. A trans- 
 lation of part of the Vita Hetirici QuinH. f. 38. On the buildings of 
 John Churchman (see i, 135). f. 75*. A letter from Camden to 
 Stow (see p. Ixxiii above), ff. 7 7-8. Some corrections by Camden 
 for the Survey. (They relate to the western suburbs and Westminster, 
 and apparently refer to a MS. copy; they are incorporated in the 
 printed text.) ff. 81-94. Passages from Greek and Roman writers 
 relating to Britain, perhaps collected by Camden for Stow's use. 
 ff. 115-18. Fragments of a late copy of a Chronicle of London for 
 1270-88, and 1344-58. ff. 119, 120. A London Chronicle for 
 1538-9 (see vol. ii. 284, 310 below). 
 
 Hurley 538. Stow's original draft of the main part of the Survey. 
 See p. xxxvii and Notes passim. 
 
 Harley 539. Collections by Stow. Note: ff. 1-82, William 
 Lambard's 'Perambulation of Kent' — 'writen by lohn Stowe in 
 anno 1579 '. ff. 95-6. The Foundacion of Betheleme without 
 Byssoppes Gate of London in anno 1247. f. 183™. Names of the 
 Wards in London with some historical notes by Stow. f. 184. 
 ' 1 590. The 4 of Septembre sir John Leveson, Mistar W. Lambarde 
 and Mystar Leonard dyd ryde to see the monument of Catigern 
 corruptly called Kytts Cotyhouse, I beinge with them &c.' (A very 
 brief note made by Stow.) The other collections relate chiefly to 
 ecclesiastical foundations in various places. 
 
 Harley 540. Historical collections of Stow's. Note: ff. 3-6. 
 E Chronico Regum Manniae. ff. 7-21. A London Chronicle 
 1485-1555. (Partly in Stow's writing; very brief to 1527, fairly full 
 to 1541, and very short from 1541 to 1549. Prefixed are two brief 
 notes of the time of Richard II and Henry IV.—' from a book of 
 Mr. Lordynge '. See Notes ii. 295, 352, 370.) ff. 53-6. Notes on 
 Annals of London, if. 68-9. Notes on history of the Conduit at 
 Fleet, ff. 70-7. Account of the expeditions into Scotland in 1547 
 and 1560. f. 79. A fragment on Honour of Citizens, f. 81. 
 Letters patent re St. Nicholas Coleabbey. f. 82V0. Some private 
 memoranda of Stow's ; for the only one of interest see p. xix above, 
 ff. 83-89. Notes of charitable bequests by London citizens, ff. 
 93-110. John Cooke's Relation of Sir Francis Drake's voiage unto 
 the West Indies began 15 November 1577. (The only copy extant; 
 in Stow's writing. Printed in The World Encompassed, pp. 187-218, 
 Hakluyt Society.) ff. 1 1 1-14. 'A Treatise of my Lord of Comber- 
 lan's Shippes Voyage (in anno 1592) and of theyr takynge of the 
 great Carack, lately brought into Dartmouth. Writen by Fraunces 
 
xc Appendix to Introduction 
 
 Seall.' f. 121. Notes for Annales, 1604. f. 122. Notes by Stow 
 as to information to be found in the Survey, relating to the Tower, 
 and the city's claim re St. Martin's, apparently prepared for the use 
 of the Corporation in legal business, f. 123. A note on the Standart 
 atLeadenhall (see Note, vol. ii, p. 302 below). 
 
 Harley 541. Collections chiefly by Sir Simonds D'Ewes. But 
 Note: if. 215-19. List of Mayors, with a few notes (see Ckron. 
 Land., p. 321). ff. 220-3. 'Here begynnythe the names of all 
 parishe churches w^yn the fraunchese of London ' (with some notes 
 by Stow), f. 224. The Gates of the Cyttie of London, f. 225. 
 List of the Halls of Companies, f. 229. List of trades in London. 
 
 Harley 542. Historical collections by Stow chiefly for the Annales. 
 Note: ff. 15-27. Excerpts from Peter of Ickham. ff. 28-30. 
 ' Notes gathered by Dr. Talbot out of ye boke of Brute.' ff. 31-3. 
 Richard III, his deathe from a book ' borrowyd of Henry Savill '. 
 ff. 34-7. ' History of a moste horrible murder comytted at ffevershame 
 in Kent ' (Arden of Faversham). ff. 54-6. ' Oute of a small pawmflet 
 in parchement wryten in Latyn of the trayterous Scottes ' inc : ' In 
 the yeare of Christes birth 1306.' ff. 57-65. Richard Turpyn's 
 ' Chronicle of Calais ' (published by Camden Soc). f. loi. Speeches 
 at the Pageants for Margaret of Anjou, 1446, by Lydgate. f. 102. 
 Lydgate's 'London Licpenny'. ff. 105-8. 'Out of an olde booke 
 of Master Henry Savill' (on history of Lacy family), ff. 109-16. 
 Conquest of Britony (Britain) by Julius Caesar, ff. 125-40. 'For- 
 tescue on Laws of England. Transcribed by Mr. J. Stowe with his 
 owne hand.' ff. 141-66. 'Out of a Chronicle of the Angles per- 
 taynynge to Mast. Rose Carrike, translatyd into Englysshe for John 
 Stowe and by him writen anno 1579.' (For years 1381-99.) 
 
 Harley 543. Notes and transcripts by Stow chiefly for the 15th 
 century. Note: ff. 31-49. Arrival of King Edward IV. 'Out of 
 Mystar Flyghtwod's Boke.' ' Transcribed by John Stowe the 
 Chronicler with his owne hand.' (Published by Camden Societ)', 
 and in Chronicles of the White Rose) ff. 50-92. History of Loys 
 Duke of Orleans, ff. 150-60. Extracts from a London Chronicle 
 of the type of Cotton AIS. Julius B. i; events of 1423-6 (see Chron. 
 Land., 279-86), articles of surrender of French towns 1417-25. 
 ff. 151-75. Copies of documents relating to English history during 
 Wars of Roses (see Chronicles of the White Rose, pp. Iviii, Ixxiv, 
 229-38). 
 
 Harley 544. Transcripts and historical notes made by Stow. 
 Note: ff. 1-12. From Giraldus Cambrensis ; on f. 3. 'Out of 
 
stows Collections and MSS. xci 
 
 an old booke of Master lohn Price's after the description of Wales. 
 Writen in Englysshe by lohn Stow, marchaunt-taylour in anno domini 
 1579, and in ye monithe of decembre.' ff. 15-22. On introduction 
 of Christianity to Britain : hsts and biographies of archbishops and 
 bishops of London to 1594. ff. 23-5. Names of bishops of London, 
 and Deans of St. Paul's, f. 26. Dimensions of St. Paul's, ff. 30-2. 
 Buryalls in Poles Cherche. ff. 33-64. Registrum Fratrum Minorum 
 London. (Extracts, with list of persons buried at Greyfriars, see 
 ii. 345.) ff. 65-8. Interments at Westminster Abbey, Holy Trinity, 
 Charterhouse, Whitefriars, Blackfriars, Austin Friars (see ii. 300, 350, 
 364,376). f. 69. Notes on Cliffords, ff. 72-9. Notes on hospitals and 
 colleges in various towns, ff. 80-95. Charters to St. Katherine's 
 Hospital, ff. 96-9. Draft of the chapter of the &/rz'^onSouthwark(see 
 notes, vol. ii. 365-7 below), f. 100. Notes made by Stow from a 
 Cartulary of St. Mary Overy (see ii. 324-6, 352). ff. 101-2. Visitation 
 of Clarencieux in 1533, giving lists of persons buried at St. Mary 
 Abbey at the Tower Hill (see vol. ii. 287), St. Katherine by the 
 Tower, Barking Chapel, Crossed Friars, St. Buttolph's, and St. 
 Olave's. f. 104. Rough notes for the Survey on Westminster, 
 f. 105. A fragment of a translation of FitzStephen. f. 107. A 
 fragment of the Survey. 
 
 Harley 545. Chiefly extracts from Chronicles made by Stow in 
 1575. Note: ff. 1-42. Translation of Robert of Avesbury. ff. 
 133-8. An English Chronicle 1431-55, with copies of documents 
 especially in reference to Cade's rebellion, ff. 139-67. Translation 
 of Murimouth's Chronicle 1303-37, with a continuation to 1381. 
 
 Harley e^^\. Historical collections by Stow. Chiefly translations 
 from Giraldus Cambrensis written by Stow 1576-9. The Conquest 
 of Ireland is said to be translated by Camden. 
 
 Harley 563. Translations in Stow's writing of the Chronicles of 
 Florence of Worcester, Asser, Aelred of Rievaulx, and Trivet. The 
 first is said to be by Raphael Holinshed. 
 
 Cotton, Cleopatra C. iii. ff. 291-7. Cronicle of Donmow in 
 Estsex. Nicholas de Bromfeld, Canon of Donmowe. ff. 298™. 
 Latin notes on events in London 1318-20. ff. 297, 300. Boundaries 
 of St. Stephen Coleman parish, ff. 3or-i9- Extracts from a Llan- 
 thony Chronicle and other monastic annals. 
 
 Additional MS. 29729. Copies of poems, chiefly by Lydgate, 
 made by Stow from the collections of John Shirley and other 
 sources. On f. 285™ is a note : ' This boke perteynythe to lohn 
 Stowe, and was by hym wryten in ye yere of our lord M.d. Iviij.' 
 
xcii Appendix to Introduction 
 
 2. In the Bodleian Library. 
 
 Tanner 343. On f. 152 some notes by Stow on foundations of 
 Churches. 
 
 Tanner 464. Stow's transcripts from Leland's Collectanea, Itinerary, 
 Epigrams, &c. In five volumes. Bound up with vol. i are the draft of 
 a chapter of the Survey (see Note on ii. 269-70 below) and some notes 
 for the Annales. ' Writen by lohn Stow in anno 1576.' 
 
 Ashmole 848. Extracts made by Robert Glover from Stow's 
 Collections. 
 
 B. Note of some MSS. which belonged to or were used by Stow 
 
 I . In the British Mtisemn. 
 Harleian MSS. : — 
 
 194. 'An Annale of Queene Marie.' Edited by J. G. Nichols for 
 the Camden Soc, 1850, as a Chronicle 0/ Queen Jane and 
 Queen Mary. 
 604. Transcript of part of ' Liber Papie '. See vol. ii. 297. 
 661. Hardyng's Chronicle. See p. xii above. 
 2251. A volume of John Shirley's. See vol. ii. 361. 
 3634. Chronicon Angliae. 1328-88. Printed in Rolls Series. 
 6217. fif. 3-12. Fragment of Chronicon Anglian: a note of Stow's 
 
 on f. 4. 
 Harley Roll, C. 8. A London Chronicle with notes by Stow. See 
 p. xxxiv above and vol. ii. 382. 
 
 Cotton MSS.:— 
 
 Nero D. v. The Chronica Majora of M. Paris. See Luard's 
 
 Preface, i, p. xii, and Madden's Preface to Historia Anglorum, 
 
 i. Ixi-iv. It is the copy which Stow lent to Parker, and is 
 
 probably the Flores Historiarum, which Grindal's chaplains 
 
 found. See pp. xvii, xix above. 
 Nero D. viii. A collection of various Historical works including 
 
 Geoifrey of Monmouth, excerpts from Gildas, Giraldus 
 
 Descriptio Cambriae, Polycronicon. 
 Nero E. vi. The Cartulary of the Hospital of St. John at Clerken- 
 
 well. See vol. ii. 271, 355, 371. 
 Vitellius A. xvi. A London Chronicle, with notes by Stow 
 
 (Chronicles of London^ pp. 153-263). 
 Vitellius F. xvi. Liber Papie. See vol. ii. 297. 
 
Siow's Collections and A/SS. xciii 
 
 Vespasian B. ix. Liber S. Bartholomei. Some notes by Stow. 
 
 See vol. ii. 271, 360. 
 Faustina B. ii. Cartulary of the Nuns Priory at Clerkenwell. 
 
 Notes by Stow on ff. 6, 9, 27. See vol. ii. 272, 301. 
 
 Addiiional MSS. : — 
 
 23147. William of Malmesbury, Ges/a Regum. A note by Stow 
 
 on f. 42. 
 34360. A collection of poems chiefly by Lydgate. 
 Stowe MS. 952. An imperfect copy of Lydgate's ' Pilgrimage of the 
 
 Life of Man '. Stow has added the conclusion from another 
 
 manuscript. 
 
 2. hi the Bodleian Library. 
 Ashmole ^g. A volume of John Shirley's. See vol. ii. 361. 
 Laud. Misc. 557. Lydgate, 'Siege of Thebes.' On fly-leaf: 'This 
 is lohn Stowe's boke.' 
 
 3. Other Alanuscripts. 
 Lambeth 306. A London Chronicle {Short English Chronicle) 
 
 together with notes on 15th century history and Memoranda, 
 
 1 56 1-7. Edited by Dr. Gairdner for Camden Soc. in Three 
 
 Fifteenth Century Chronicles, 1880. 
 Christ Church, Oxford. Stow's ' Liber Osney ' ; see below i. 292, and 
 
 ii. 337. Given to Christ Church by Sir Robert Cotton in ex- 
 change. 
 Trinity College, Cambridge. R. 3. 19. Poems by Chaucer, Lydgate, 
 
 and others. See vol. ii. 377. 
 The Cartulary of Trinity Priory. In the Hunterian Museum at 
 
 Glasgow. There is a modern transcript in Guildhall MS. 122. 
 
 For its history see Dr. Sharpe's Introduction to Letter-Book 
 
 C, p. xviii. 
 Davies MS. Afterwards belonged to Speed. From it was edited 
 
 An English Chronicle, 1377-1461, by Rev. J. S. Davies for 
 
 Camden Soc, 1859. 
 
CORRIGENDA 
 
 i. 43, 1. 6, read: Westminster 
 
 i. 104, 1. 20, r^-rtff flight 
 
 i. 108, 1. 9. The date should be 1391 as in the edition of 1603. 
 Compare ii. 169. 
 
 i. 133, margin, read: Sporiar lane, or Water lane. Bakers hall. 
 Hart lane for Harpe lane. 
 
 i. 141, 1. 1^,/or Cheuie read Chenie 
 
 i. 163-4. The punctuation of the first sentence in the account of 
 Bishopsgate Ward is confusing. Read: The next is Bishopsgate 
 warde, whereof a parte is without the gate and of the suburbes, from 
 the barres by S. Mary Spittle to Bishopsgate : and a part of Hounds 
 ditch, almost halfe thereof, also without the wall, is of the same Warde. 
 
 i. 179, 1. 1, for Manny read Mamiy (italic) 
 
 i. 235, 11. 14 and 20. // should have been noted that the text of 1603 
 gives the dates as 1447 and 1451. oee Note on ii. 321 beloiv. 
 
 i. 245, 1. -^ from foot, read a great builder thereof. 
 
 i. 249, 1. I, read Hatnsteed. William Stoksbie and Gilbert March had 
 Chantries 
 
 i. 291, 1. 7, read Then lower. 
 
 i. 296, 11. 18, 19, read Raph, Thomas, Raph, and Richard. See 
 note on ii. 338 below. 
 
 i. 317, 1. 2 1, rsafi? studies 
 
 i. 318, 1. 4. The date 1429 is a misprint {in the text of 160^) for 
 142 1. Compare \. 109. 
 
 i. 319, 1. 1 from foot, read Vo\i\ts,, the children 
 
 i. ■^zo, footnote, read ' Coucy] 
 
 i. '^j,'^, footnote'^, delete "^ Linacre\ 
 
 i. 341, 11. 8-12. Stow's text is confused, and should be corrected 
 by omitting and Dame Elizabeth his wife, daughter to the Duke of 
 Lancaster. Elizabeth of Lancaster married ( i ) fohn Holland, Earl 
 of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter ; (2) Sir fohn Cornwall. See ii. 
 350 below. She died in 1426, and is buried at Burford in Shropshire 
 (Wylie, Henry IV. i. 105). 
 
 ii. 57, marg. n. 3, ;-!?«(/ Roses, 
 
 ii. 67, margin. lohn Bauow is probably a misprint for John Bever: 
 see Flares Historiarum, ii. 45, and Luards Preface, vol. i, pp. xl a«</xlii. 
 
 ii. 76, 11. 30, 31. Punctuate ' Deepe ditch by Bethelem, into' 
 
 ii. 9i'j, footnote, «a(/ ' Curars 
 
 ii. 115, marg. n. 3, 1. 4, r^a<f presented 
 
 ii. 149, 7narg. n. i, 1. 12, ;'^<2rf Domesmen or Judges 
 
 ii. 416, col. I, under State, delete the Pope was a ' state ' . . . not a ' Pope.' 
 
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SVRVAYOF 
 
 LONDON. 
 
 Conteyning the Origin all, Antiquity, 
 
 Increare, Modcrne eftate,and defcription oi that 
 
 City,writtcnintheyeare i 5 98. by loha StoviP 
 
 Citizen of London, 
 
 Since by the fame Author increafcd, 
 
 with diuers rare notes of Antiquity, and 
 
 fuhltjhcdin the ye are t 
 
 1603. 
 
 Alfo an Apologie (or defence^ againfi the 
 
 opinion of feme men, concerning that Otic, 
 the greatncfle thereof. 
 
 VVith an Appendix, contayninginLatine 
 
 LtheJlum defitH & nobditatc Lerdmi: Written by 
 William Fitzftephen.in the raigne of 
 
 Henry ^hefecond, 
 
 Imprinted by lohn Windet J'xinter to ihc hono- 
 rable Citic of London. 
 1(^03. 
 
Pa't Hi 
 
 TO THE RIGHT 
 
 Honorable, Robert Lee, Lord Mayor 
 
 of the City of London, to the Comminalty, 
 
 and Citizens of the same : lohn Stow Citizen, 
 wisheth long health and felicitie. 
 
 jince the first publishing of the perambula- 
 tion of Kent, by that learned Gentleman 
 William Lambert Esquier, I haue heard 
 'f of sundry other able persons to haue 
 (according to the desire of that author) 
 assayed to do somewhat for the particular 
 Shires and Counties where they were 
 borne, or dwelt, of which none that I know (sauing lohn 
 Norden, for the Counties of Middlesex, and Hertford) haue 
 vouchsafed their 'labor to the | common good in that behalfe. Page iv 
 And therefore concurring with the first, in the same desire to 
 haue drawn together such speciall descriptions of each place, 
 as might not onely make vp an whole body of the English 
 Chorographie amongst our selues : but also might giue occa- 
 sion, and courage to M. Camden to increase and beautify his 
 singular work of the whole, to the view of the learned that 
 be abroad. I haue attempted the discouery of London, my 
 natiue soyle and Countrey, at the desire and perswasion of 
 some my good friends, as well because I haue seene sundry 
 antiquities my selfe touching that place, as also for that through 
 search of Records to other purposes, diuers written helpes are 
 come to my hands, which few others haue fortuned to meet 
 withall, it is a seruice that most agreeth with my professed 
 STOW. I g trauels. 
 
xcviii The Epistle Dedicatory 
 
 Page V tra|uels. It is a dutie, that I willingly owe to my natiue 
 mother and Countrey. And an office that of right I holde my 
 selfe bound in loue to bestow vpon the politike body & members 
 of the same : what London hath beene of auncient time, men 
 may here see, as what it is now euery man doth beholde: 
 I knowe that the argument, beeing of the chiefe and principall 
 citie of the land, required the pen of some excellent Artisen, 
 but fearing that none would attempt & finish it, as few haue 
 assaied any, I chose rather (amongst other my Labours) to 
 handle it after my playne manner, then to leave it vnper- 
 formed. Touching the Dedication I am not doubtfuU where 
 to seeke my Patrone, since you be a politique estate of the 
 Citty, as the walles and buildinges be the materiall partes of 
 Page vi the same. To you therefore, | doe I addresse this my whole 
 labour, as wel that by your authority I may bee protected, 
 as warranted by your owne skill and vnderstanding of that 
 which I haue written. I confesse that I lacked my desire to 
 the accomplishment of some special parts, which some other 
 of better abilitie promised to performe, but as I then pro- 
 fessed, haue since out of mine olde Store-house added 
 to this worke many rare notes of antiquitie, as 
 may appeare to the reader, which I do afford 
 in all dutie, and recommend to your 
 view, my labours to your considera- 
 tion, and my selfe to your 
 seruice, during life, in 
 this or any 
 other. 
 
A Table of the Chapters conteyned 
 in this Booke 
 
 Page vii 
 
 (VOLUME I> 
 
 The antiquitie of London. 
 
 The wall about the Citie of London. 
 
 Of the ancient and present riuers, Brookes, Boornes, Pooles, 
 
 Wels, and Conduits of fresh water seruing the Citie. 
 The ditch sometime compassing the wall of the same. 
 Bridges of this Citie. 
 Gates in the wall of this Cittie. 
 Of Towers and Castels. 
 Of Schooles and other houses of learning. 
 Houses of students of the Common law. 
 Of orders and customes of the Citizens. 
 Sports and pastimes of old time vsed in this Citie. 
 Watches in London. 
 
 Honour of Citizens and worthines of men in the same. 
 The Citie of London diuided into parts. 
 Portsoken ward. 
 Towerstreet ward. 
 Eaidgate warde. 
 Limestreete warde. 
 Bishopsgate warde. 
 Broadstreete warde. 
 Comehill warde. 
 
 Langborne ward and Fenny about. 
 Billinsgate warde. 
 Bridgewarde within. 
 Candlewike streete warde. 
 Walbrooke warde. 
 Downegate warde. 
 Vintrie warde. 
 Cordwainer streete warde. 
 Cheape warde. 
 
 PAGE 
 X 
 
 11 
 
 19 
 21 
 
 27 
 44 
 71 
 76 
 
 79 
 91 
 99 
 104 
 117 
 120 
 129 
 
 138 
 150 
 163 
 
 175 
 187 
 200 
 205 
 211 
 216 
 223 
 229 
 238 
 250 
 258 
 
A Table of the Chapters 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Colemanstreete warde. 276 
 
 Bassings hall warde. 285 
 
 Cripplegate warde. 290 
 
 Page viii Aldersgate warde. 303 
 
 Faringdon ward infra, or within. 310 
 
 Bredstreete warde. 344 
 
 (VOLUME II) 
 
 Queene Hith warde. i 
 
 Castle Baynard warde. 1 1 
 
 The warde of Faringdon extra, or without. 20 
 Bridge warde without, (the 26. in number,) consisting of the 
 
 Borough of Southwarke in the county of Surrey. 52 
 The Suburbs without the wals of the Cittie, briefly touched, as 
 
 also without the liberties more at large described. 69 
 
 Liberties of the Dutchie of Lancaster without Temple Barre. 91 
 The Citie of Westminster, with the Antiquities, Monuments, 
 
 bounds and liberties thereof. 97 
 Spirituall, or ecclesiasti(c)all gouernement. 124 
 Parish Churches in the Cittie of London, the borough of South- 
 warke, the suburbs and Citie of Westminster. 138 
 Hospitals in this Citie and suburbs. 143 
 Of Leprose people and Lazar houses. 145 
 Temporall gouernement of this Cittie. 147 
 Aldermen and ShirifFes of London. 188 
 Officers belonging to the Lord Maiors house. 188 
 ShirifFes of London their officers. 189 
 Maior and Shiriffes Liuerie. 189 
 Companies of London placed at the Maiors feast. 191 
 Liueries worne by Citizens at triumphs. 194 
 Ari Apologie or defence of the Cittie of London. 197 
 Singularities in the same expressed. 200 
 An Appendix, containing an Auncient Authour, who wrote fn 
 the raigne of Henrie the second : his Booke entituled, Li- 
 bellum de situ £3° nobililate Londim, neuer before imprinted. 215 
 
 (Variations of the first edition of the Survey in 1598 from the Text 
 of 1603.) 
 
The Suruey of London, containing the Pagei 
 originall, antiquitie, encrease, moderne estate, 
 and description of that Citie. 
 
 As the Romane writers to glorifie the citie of Rome drew 
 
 the originall thereof from Gods and demie Gods, by the 
 
 Troian progenie : so Giffrey oi Monmouth the Welsh Historian, 
 
 deduceth the foundation of this famous Citie of London, for the 
 
 greater glorie therof, and emulation of Rome, from the very 
 
 same originall. For he reporteth that Brute, lineally descended 
 
 from the demy god Eneas, the sonne of Venus, daughter of 
 
 lupiter, about the yeare of the world 2855. and 1108. before 
 
 the natiuitie of Christ, builded this city neare vnto the riuer 
 
 now called Thames, and named it Troynouant or Trenouant. Trinouantnm 
 
 But herein as Liuie the most famous Hystoriographer of the written copie. 
 
 Romans writeth, Antiquitie is pardonable, and hath an espe- Liuie. 
 
 cial priuiledge, by interlacing diuine matters with humane, 
 
 to make the first foundation of Cities more honourable, more 
 
 sacred, and as it were of greater maiestie. 
 
 King Lud (as the foresaid Giffrey of Monmouth noteth) 
 afterward, not onely repaired this Cittie, but also increased 
 the same with faire buildings, Towers and walles, and after 
 his owne name called it Caire-Lud, as Luds towne, and the CaireLnd,the 
 strong gate which he builded in the west part of the Cittie, he but'luds ° ' 
 likewise for his owne honour named Ludgate. towne is a 
 
 , . Saxon word. 
 
 This Ltid had issue two sons, Androgens, and Iheomantms, 
 who being not of age to gouerne at the death of their father, 
 their vncle Cassibelan took upon him the crowne : about the 
 eight yeare of whose raigne, lulius Ccesar arriued in this land, 
 with a great power of Romans to conquer it, the manner of 
 which conquest I will summarily set down out of his owne 
 Commentaries, which are of farre better credit, then the re- 
 lations of Giffrey Monmouth. 
 
Antiquitie of London 
 
 Fage 2 
 
 Caesar's Com- 
 mentaries. 
 li.5. 
 
 Trinobants 
 Citizens of 
 London. 
 
 Mandubrace 
 and the Tri- 
 nobants yeeld 
 to Caesar, and 
 he defended 
 them. 
 
 Cassibilins 
 towne west 
 from London, 
 for Csesar saith 
 80. miles from 
 the sea. 
 Cities of the 
 Eritaines were 
 combersome 
 woods forti- 
 fied. 
 
 The chiefe gouernment of the Britons, and ordering of the | 
 warres, was then by common aduice committed to Cassibilins 
 whose Signiorie was separated from the Cities towards the 
 sea coast, by the riuer called Thames, about fourescore miles 
 from the sea : this Cassibilin in times past, had made con- 
 tinuall warre vpon the Cities adioyning, but the Britons being 
 mooued with the Romans inuasion, had resolued in that ne- 
 cessitie to make him their Soueraigne and Generall of the warres, 
 (which continued hote betweene the Romans and them) but in 
 the meane while, the Trynobants which was then the strongest 
 Citie well neare of all those countries (and out of which Citie 
 a yong gentleman called Mandubrace, vpon confidence of 
 CcBsars help, came vnto him into the maine land of Gallia, now 
 called France, and thereby escaped death, which he should 
 haue suffered at Cassibilins hande,) sent their Ambassadors to 
 Ccesar, promising to yeeld vnto him, and to doe what he 
 should command them, instantly desiring him, to protect 
 Mandubrace from the furious tyrrany of Cassibilin, and to 
 send him into their Cittie, with authoritie to take the gouern- 
 ment thereof vpon him. Ccesar accepted the offer, and ap- 
 poynted them to giue vnto him 40. Hostages, and withall 
 to finde him graine for his armie, and so sent he Mandubrace 
 vnto them. 
 
 When others saw that Ccesar had not onely defended the 
 Trinobants against Cassibilin, but had also saued them harme- 
 lesse from the pillage of his owne souldiers, then did the 
 Conimagties, Segontians, Ancalits, Bibrokes, and Cassians, 
 likewise submit themselues vnto him, and by them hee learned 
 that not farre from thence was Cassibilins towne, fortified 
 with woods, and marish ground, into the which he had 
 gathered a great number both of men and cattell. 
 
 For the Brittons cal that a towne (saith Cmsar) when they 
 haue fortified a combersome wood with a ditch and rampire, 
 and thether they resort to abide the approach of their 
 enemies, to this place therefore marched Ccesar with his 
 Legions, hee found it excellentlie fortified, both of nature, 
 and by mans aduice : neuerthelesse he resolued to assault it in 
 two seuerall places at once, whereupon the Britons, beeing not 
 able to endure the force of the Romans, fledde out at another 
 
Antiqtdtie of London 3 
 
 part, and left the towne vnto him : a great number of cattell 
 
 he found there, and many of the Britons | he slue, and others Page } 
 
 he tooke in the chase. 
 
 Whilest these things were a doing in these quarte(r>s, Cassi- 
 bilin sent messengers into Kent, which lieth upon the sea, in 
 which there raigned then 4. particular kings, named Cingetorex, 
 Cariiill, Taximagtdl, and Segonax, whom he commanded to 
 raise all their forces, and suddenly to set vppon, and assault the 
 Romanes in their trenches, by the sea side : the which when 
 the Romanes perceyued, they sailed out vpon them, slue a 
 great sort of them, and taking Cingetorix their noble Captaine 
 prisoner, retired themselues to their campe in good safetie. 
 
 When Cassibilin heard of this, and had formerly taken 
 many other losses, and found his Countrey sore wasted, and 
 himselfe left almost alonie by the defection of the other cities, 
 he sent Ambassadors by Comius of Arras to Ccesar, to en- 
 treate with him concerning his owne submission, the which 
 Ccesar did accept, and taking Hostages, assessed the realme 
 of Brytaine to a yearely tribute, to be paied to the people Brytaine 
 oi Rome, giuing straight charge to Cassibilin, that he should yg^^^^ly'°;^^^[g^ 
 not seeke any reuenge vpon Mandubrace, or the Trinobantes, to the 
 
 . , , , . 1 ■ Romanes. 
 
 and so withdrew his army to the sea againe. 
 
 Thus farre out of CcBsars Commentaries concerning this 
 Historic, which happened in the yeare before Christes natiuitie 
 54. In all which processe there is for this purpose to bee noted, 
 that Cmsar nameth the Cittie of Trinobantes, which hath a 
 resemblance with Troy noua, or Trinobantum, hauing no Trinobant 
 greater difference in the Orthographic, then chaunging b. into °°^ London. 
 V. and yet maketh an error whereof I will not argue, onely this 
 I will note that diuerse learned men do not thinke ciiiitas 
 Trinobantum, to be well and truely translated, the Citie of 
 the Trinobantes : but it should rather be the state, comunalty, 
 or Signiory of the Trinobantes : for that Ccssar in his Com- 
 mentaries vseth the word citntas, onely for a people liuing 
 vnder one, and the selfe same Prince and law: but certaine Qjigj ^j j^g 
 it is that the Citties of the Brytaines, were in those dayes ^/^^|^^j'j°°' 
 neither artificially builded with houses, nor strongly walled builded with 
 with stone, but were onely thicke and combersome woods ^^d wi°h 
 plashed within, and trenched about : and the like in effect doe stone. 
 
 B 2 
 
4 
 
 Antiquitie of London 
 
 Page 4 
 
 Strabo, Pom- 
 ponius Mela, 
 Tacitus, Dion. 
 
 London most 
 famous for 
 Marchants & 
 intercourse. 
 
 The Britons 
 had no houses 
 but cottages. 
 
 The Britons 
 went naked, 
 their bodies 
 painted. 
 
 Richborow in 
 Kent. 
 
 Verulamium. 
 
 Cilcester, 
 
 Wroxcester. 
 
 Kenchester. 
 
 other the Romane and Greeke Authours directly affirme, as 
 Strabo, Pomponius Mela, and Dion a Senator of- Rome, which 
 flouri|shed in the seuerall raignes of the Romaine Emperours, 
 Tiberius, Claudius, Domitian, & Seuerus, to wit, that before 
 the ariuall of the Romans, the Brytons had no towns, but 
 called that a town which had a thicke intangled wood, de- 
 fended as I saide with a ditch and banke, the like whereof the 
 Irishmen our next neigbors doe at this day call Fasines. 
 But after that these hither partes of Brytaine were reduced 
 into the forme of a Prouince, by the Romanes, who sowed 
 the seedes of ciuilitie ouer all Europe : this Citie whatsoeuer it 
 was before, began to be renowned, and of fame. For Tacitus, 
 who first of all Authours nameth it Londinium, saith that in 
 the 63. yeare after Christ, it was, albeit no Colonie of the 
 Romanes, yet most famous for the gfeat multitude of Mar- 
 chants, prouision, and intercourse. At which time in that 
 notable reuolt of the Brytons from Nero, in which 70000 
 Romanes and their confederates were slaine, this Citie with 
 Verulam neare Saint Albons, and Maldojt in Essex, then all 
 famous : were ransacked and spoyled. For Stietonius Patdinus, 
 then Lieutenant for the Romanes in this Isle, abandoned it, as 
 not then fortefied, and left it to the spoyle. 
 
 Shortly after, hdius Agricola the Romane Lieutenant, in 
 the time of Domitian, was the first that by adhorting the 
 Brytaines publikely, and helping them priuately, won them to 
 build houses for themselues, Temples for the Gods, and Courts 
 for lustice, to bring up the noble mens children in good letters 
 and humanitie, and to apparell themselues Romane like, where 
 as before (for the most part) they went naked, painting their 
 bodies, &c. as al the Romane writers haue obserued. 
 
 True it is I confesse, that afterward many Cities and Towns 
 in Brytaine vnder the gouernment of the Romanes, were 
 walled with stone, and baked brickes, or tyles, as Rick borrow, 
 Ryptacester, in the Isle of Thanet, till the chanell altered his 
 course, besides Sandwitch in Kent, Veridamium besides S. 
 Albones, in Hartfordshire, Cilcester in Hampshire, Wroxcester 
 in Shropshire, Kencester in Herefordshire, three myles from 
 Hereford towne, Ribcester, 7. miles aboue Preston, on the 
 water of Rible, Aldeburge a mile from Borrowbridge, or 
 
Antiquitie of London 5 
 
 Wathelingstreet, on Vre Riuer, and others : and no doubt Leyland. 
 but this Citie of Lon\don was also walled with stone, in the P'^s^s 
 time of the Romane gouernement here, but yet verie lately, about London. 
 for it seemeth not to haue beene walled in the yeare of our 
 Lord 296. because in that yeare when Alectiis the Tyrant was 
 slaine in the field, the Franks easily entered London, and had 
 sacked the same, had not God of his great fauour at the very 
 instant brought along the riuer of Thames, certaine bandes of 
 Romaine Souldiers, who slewe those Frankes in euerie streete 
 of the Cittie. 
 
 Wall about the Cittie of London. 
 
 In few yeares after, as Simeon of Durham, an auncient 
 Writer reporteth, Hellen the mother of Constantine the Great, Simeon of 
 was the first that inwalled this Citie, about the yeare of Christ, 
 306. but howsoeuer those walles of stone might bee builded 
 by Helen, yet the Britons, (I know) had no skill of building 
 with stone, as it may appeare by that which followeth, aboute 
 the yeare of Christ, 399, when Arcadius and Honorius the 
 sonnes of Theodosius Magnus, gouerned the Empire, the one 
 in the East, the other in the West, for Honorius hauing 
 receyued Britaine, the Citie of Rome was inuaded and de- 
 stroyed by the Goikes, after which time the Romaines left to 
 rule in Britaine, as being imployed in defence of their Terri- The Romains 
 
 1 1 T> • ■ i ui J. Isf' '° gouern 
 
 tories nearer home, whereupon the Bntames not able to Britaine. 
 
 defende themselues against the inuasions of their enemies, 
 
 were manie yeares together vnder the oppression of two most 
 
 cruell nations, the Scots and Pictes, and at the length were The Scots & 
 
 forced to sende their Ambassadors with letters and lamentable gj?fi!,nd"^ ^ 
 
 supplications to Rome, requiring aide and succour from thence, 
 
 upon promise of their continuall fealtie, so that the Romaines 
 
 woulde rescue them out of the handes of their enemies. 
 
 Hereupon the Romaines sent vnto them a Legion of armed 
 
 Souldiers, which comming into this I|land, and encountering Page 6 
 
 with the enemies, ouerthrew a great number of them, and 
 
 draue the rest out of the frontiers of the Countrie, and so 
 
 setting the Britaines at libertie, counselled them to make a 
 
 wall, extending all along betweene the two seas, which might 
 
 be of force to keepe out their euill neighbours, and then 
 
Wall about the Cittie of London 
 
 Britaines vu- 
 skilfuU of 
 building with 
 stone. 
 
 Witchendus. 
 Wall of stone 
 builded by 
 the Romains, 
 betwixt the 
 Britaines and 
 Scots. 
 
 Page 7 
 
 returned home with great triumph : The Britaines wanting 
 Masons, builded that Wall not of stone as they were aduised, 
 but made it of turfe, and that so slender, that it serued little 
 or nothing at all for their defence, and the enemie perceyu- 
 ing that the Romaine Legion was returned home, forthwith 
 arriued out of their boates, inuaded the borders, ouercame 
 the country, and as it were bare down all that was before 
 them. 
 
 Whereupon Ambassadors were eftsoones dispatched to Rome 
 lamentably beseeching that they would not suffer their 
 miserable countrey to bee vtterly destroyed : then againe, 
 an other Legion was sent, which comming vpon a sodaine, made 
 a greate slaughter of the enemie, and chased him home, even 
 to his owne Country. These Romaines at their departure, 
 tolde the Britaines playnely, that it was not for their ease or 
 leasure to take vpon them any more such long and laborious 
 iourneys for their defence, and therefore bad them practice 
 the vse of armour and weapons, and learne to withstand their 
 enemies, whome nothing else did make so strong as their 
 faint heart and cowardise, and for so much as they thought 
 that it would bee no small helpe and encouragement vnto 
 their Tributary friendes, whome they were now forced to 
 forsake, they builded for them a Wall of harcje stone from 
 the west sea to the east sea, right betweene those two Citties, 
 which were there made to keepe out the enemies, in the selfe 
 same place where Seuerus before had cast his Trench. The 
 Britaines also putting to their helping hands as laborers. 
 
 This Wall they builded 8. foote thicke in breadth, and \%. 
 foot in height, right as it were by a line from east to West, as 
 the ruines thereof remayning in many places til this day, do 
 make to appeare. Which worke thus perfected, they gaue the 
 people straight charge to looke well to themselues, they teach 
 them to handle their weapons, and they instruct them in war- 
 like feates. And least by the sea side southwardes, where 
 their ships laye at harbor, the enemie shoulde come on 
 land, they made vp sundrie Bulwarkes each somewhat distant 
 from the other, and so bid them farewel as minding no more 
 to returne. This happened in the dayes of the Emperour 
 Theodosms the yonger, almost 500. yeares after the first 
 
Wall about the Cittie of London 7 
 
 arriuall of the Romaines here, aboute the yeare after Christs 
 incarnation, 434. 
 
 The Britaines after this continuing a lingering and doubtful Malmsbery : 
 war with the Scots and Pictes, made choice of Voriiger to bee xhe^ritaines 
 their king and leader, which man (as sayeth Malmesbery) was giu^n to glut- 
 neither valourous of courage, nor wise of counsell, but wholy nes, pride and 
 giuen Guer to the vnlawfuU lusts of his flesh : the people like- contention. 
 wise in short time being growne to some quietnes gaue them- 
 selues to gluttony, and drunkennes, pride, contention, enuie 
 and such other vices, casting from them the yoke of Christ. 
 In the meane season a bitter plague fell among them, con- 
 suming in short time such a multitude, that the quicke were 
 not sufificient to bury the dead, and yet the remnant remayned Tlie Britaines 
 
 ... iiri <--i plagued for 
 
 so hardened m smne, that neyther death of theyr fnendes, nor their sinfull 
 feare of their own daunger, could cure the mortality of their ^''^■ 
 soules, wherevpon a greater stroke of vengeance insued vpon 
 the whole sinfull nation. For being now againe infested with 
 their old neighbors the Scots and Pictes, they consult with witchendus. 
 their king Vortiger, and send for the Saxons, who shortly xL^Saxons 
 after arriued here in Britaine, where saith Bede they were sent for to 
 receyued as frends : but as it proued they minded to destroy Britaines, but 
 the countrie as enemies, for after that they had driuen out the ^^^^"^'^^j^^jj^^ 
 Scots and Pictes, they also draue the Britains some ouer the mountaines. 
 seas, some into the waste mountaines of Wales and Cornewall, 
 and deuided the Countrey into diuers kingdomes amongst 
 themselues. 
 
 These Saxons were likewise ignorant of building with stone, Saxons vnskil- 
 vntill the yeare 680. for then it is affirmed that Benet Abbot ."ith stone. '"^ 
 of Wirrall, maister to the reuerend Bede, first brought Bene^^a^ Monk 
 artificers of stone houses, and glasse Windowes into this Hand Masons. 
 amongst the Saxons : Arts before that time vnto them vn- 
 known, and therefore vsed they but wodden buildings. And 
 to this accordeth Policronicon, who sayeth that then had yee ^oden ^ ^^ 
 wodden Churches, nay wodden Chalaces and golden Priestes, goi^en 
 but since golden Chalaces and wodden Priestes : And to knit P^estes. 
 vp this argument, king | Edgar in his Charter to the Abbey of Page s 
 Malmesbury, dated the yeare of Christ 974. hath wordes to 
 this effect : All the Monasteries in my Realme, to the out- ^o^^^eries 
 ward sight, are nothing but worme eaten and rotten tymber, tiinber. 
 
8 JVall about the Cittie of London 
 
 and boordes, and that worse is, within they are almost emptie, 
 and void of diuine seruice, 
 
 Thus much be said for walling, not only in respect of this 
 Citie, but generally also of the first within the Realme. Now 
 to returne to our Trinobant, (as Ccesar hath it) the same is 
 since by Tacitus, Ptolomeus, & Antonius called Londinium, 
 Longidinium, of Amianus, Ltmdinum, and Augusta who 
 calleth it an auncient Citie, of our Brytaines Lundayne, of the 
 old Saxons, Lundenceaster, Lundenbirig, Londennir, of stran- 
 gers Londra, and Londres, of the inhabitants, London, \A\t.x&oi 
 you may read a more large and learned discourse, and how it 
 Camden. tooke the name, in that worke of my louing friend M. Camden 
 
 now Clarenceatdx, which is called Britania. 
 The Citie of This Citie of London hauing beene destroyed and burnt by 
 stroye'dbythe ^he Danes and other Pagan enemies, about the yeare of Christ, 
 Danes, and 839. was by Alfred king of the west Saxons, in the yeare 886. 
 il^e'cTue^of repaired, honourably restored, and made againe habitable. 
 London lay Who also Committed the custodie thereof vnto his son in law, 
 
 wast, and not 
 
 iniiabited for Ethclred Earle of Mercea, vnto whome before he hath gmen 
 ltrTo.°' his daughter Ethelfled. 
 
 yeres. And that this Citie was then strongly walled, may appeare 
 
 W: Malmes- by diuerse accidents, whereof William of Mahnesberie hath 
 Asser ^^'^ about the yeare of Christ 994. the Londoners shut vp 
 
 Marianus. their gates, and defended their king Etkelred, within their 
 walles against the Danes. 
 
 In the yeare 1016. Edmond Ironside raigning ouer the west 
 Saxons, Canute the Dane bringing his nauie into the west 
 part of the bridge, cast a trench about the Citie of London, and 
 then attempted to haue won it by assault, but the Citizens 
 repulsed him, and draue them from their walles. 
 
 Also in the yeare 1053. Earle Goodwin with his nauie 
 
 sayled vp by the South ende of the Bridge, and so assailed 
 
 the walles of this Citie. 
 
 w. Fitz- William Fitzstephen in the raigne of Henrie the second, | 
 
 Stephen. writing of the wals of this Citie, hath these wordes. The 
 
 Tlie Citie of wall is high and great, wel towred on the Northside, with due 
 
 rovmd°about distances betweene the towres. On the Southside also the Citie 
 
 by the Riuer jy^j walled and towred, but the fishfull riuer of Thames with 
 
 his ebbing andjloiving, hath long since subuerted them. 
 
Wall abottt the Cittie of London 9 
 
 By the Northside, he meaneth from the riuer of Thames in 
 the east to the riuer of Thames in the west, for so stretched 
 the wall in his time, and the Citie being farre more in length 
 from East, to West, then in breadth from South, to North, 
 and also narrower at both endes then in the middest, is there- 
 fore compassed with the wall on the land side, in forme of 
 a bow, except denting in betwixt Creplegatc, and Alder sgate : 
 but the wall on the southside, along by the riuer of Thames, 
 was straight as the string of a bow, and all furnished with 
 Towres or Bulworkes, (as we now terme them) in due distance 
 euery one from other, as witnesseth our Authour, and our 
 selues may behold for the land side. This may suffice for 
 proofe of a wall, and forme thereof about this Citie, and the 
 same to haue beene of great antiquitie as any other within 
 this Realme. 
 
 And now touching the maintenance, and repairing the saide vvalles of 
 wall, I reade that in the year 1315. the 6. of king /ohi, i^^p^^ed- Roger 
 Barons entring the City by Ealdsrate, first tooke assurance of of Wendoner: 
 
 . Mathew Paris: 
 
 the Citizens, then brake into the Jewes houses, searched their Ranulph Cog- 
 coffers to fill their owne purses, and after with great diligence ^'^^l'- 
 repaired the walles and gates of the Citie, with stones taken 
 from the Jewes broken houses. In the yeare 1257. //"^«r2> Math. Paris. 
 the third caused the walles of this Citie, which was sore 
 decaied and destitute of towers, to be repaired in more 
 seemely wise then before, at the common charges of the Citie. 
 Also in the yeare 1382. king Edward the first, hauing graunted 
 to Robert Kilwarby Archbishop of Canterburie, licence for 
 the enlarging of the blacke Friers Church, to breake and take 
 downe a part of the wall of the Citie, from Ludgate to the 
 riuer of Thames : he also graunted to Henry Waleis Maior, 
 and the Citizens of London, the fauour to take toward the 
 making of the wall, and inclosure of the Citie, certaine 
 customes, or toll, as appeareth by his graunt : this wall was 
 then to bee made from Ludgate west to Fleetebridge along 
 behinde | the houses and along by the water of the Fleet, vnto Page 10 
 the riuer of Thames. Moreouer, in the yeare 1310. Edward -x. 
 commaunded the Citizens to make vp the wall alreadie 
 begunne, and the tower at the ende of the same wall, within 
 the water of Thames neare vnto the blacke Friars, &c, 1328. 
 
lo Wall about the Cittie of London 
 
 the second of Edward the 3. the walks of this citie was 
 repaired. It was also graunted by king Richard the second 
 in the 10. of his raigne, that a toll should bee taken of the 
 wares, solde by lande or by water for ten yeares, towardes the 
 repairing of the walles, and clensing of the ditch about London. 
 In the 17. of Edward the 4. Ralfe loseline, Maior, caused part 
 Patent. of the wall about the citie of London to bee repayred, to wit, 
 
 betwixt Aldgate, and Aldersgate. He also caused the Moore- 
 field to bee searched for clay, and Bricke thereof to be made, 
 and burnt : he likewise caused chalke to be brought out of 
 Kent, and to be burnt into lime in the same Moorefield, for 
 more furtherance of the worke. Then y" Skinners to begin 
 in the East made that part of the wall betwixt Aldgate and 
 Buries markes, towardes Bishopsgate, as may appeare by their 
 armes in three places fixed there : the Maior with his companie 
 of the Drapers, made all that part, betwixt Bishopsgate and 
 Alhallowes church in the same wall, and from Alhallowes 
 towardes the Posterne called Mooregate. A great part of the 
 same wall was repayred by the Executors of sir John Crosby, 
 late Alderman, as may appeare by his armes, in two places 
 there fixed : and other companies repayred the rest of the 
 wall to the Posterne of Creplegate. The Goldsmiths repayred 
 from Creplegate towards Aldersgate, and there the worke 
 Circnit of the ceased. The circuit of the wall of London on the landes side, 
 east to the to wit from the tower of London in the East, vnto Aldgate, 
 ^<=^'- is 8^. perches : from Aldgate to Bishopsgate, 86. perches : from 
 
 Bishopsgate in the North, to the Posterne at Creplegate, 162, 
 perches : from Creplegate to Ealdersgate, 75. perches : from 
 Ealdersgate to Newgate, 66. perches : from Newgate in the 
 west, to Ludgate, 4a. perches, in all 513. perches of assise. 
 From Ludgate to the Fleete dike west, about 60. perches : 
 from Fleete bridge south to the riuer Thames, about 70. perches : 
 and so the totall of these perches amounteth to 643. euery 
 Page II perch consisting of 5. yeards and a halfe, which do yeeld | 3536. 
 
 yardes and a halfe, containing 10608. foote, which make vp 
 two English miles and more by 608. foote. 
 
Riuers and other waters ii 
 
 Of Auncient and present Riuers, 
 
 Brookes, Boorns, Pooles, Wels, and Conduits 
 
 of fresh water, seruing the Citie, as also of 
 
 the ditch compassing the wall of the 
 
 same for defence thereof. 
 
 A UNCIENTLY, vntill the Conquerors time, and 200. yeres 
 after, the Citie of London was watered besides the famous 
 Riuer of Thames, on the South part, with the riuer of the 
 wels, as it was then called: on the west, with a water called 
 walbrooke running through the midst of the citie into the river 
 Thames, seruing the heart thereof. And with a fourth water 
 or Boorne, which ran within the Citie through Langboorne 
 ward, watering that part in the East. In the west suburbs 
 was also an other great water, called Oldborne, which had his 
 fall into the riuer of Wels : then was there 3. principall Foun- 
 taines, or wels in the other Suburbs, to wit Holy well, Cle- 
 ments well, and Clarkes well. Neare vnto this last named 
 fountaine, were diuers other wels, to wit. Skinners well, Fags 
 well, Tode well, Loders well, and Radwell. All which sayde 
 Wels hauing the fall of their ouerflowing in the foresayde 
 Riuer, much encreased the streame, and in that place gaue it 
 the name of Wei. In west Smithfield, there was a Poole in 
 Recordes called Horsepoole, and one other Poole neare vnto 
 the parish Church of Saint Giles without Cripplegate. Besides 
 all which they had in euerie streete and Lane of the citie 
 diuerse fayre Welles, and fresh Springs : and after this manner 
 was this citie then serued, with sweete and fresh waters, which 
 being since decaid, other meanes haue beene sought to supplie 
 the want, as shall be shewed : but first of the aforenamed 
 Riuers and other waters, is to be said, as following. 
 
 Thames the most famous riuer of this Hand, beginneth a 
 little I aboue a village called Winchcombe in Oxfordshire, and Page 12 
 still increasing passeth first by the university of Oxford, and ^|^°«^°f 
 so with a m.aruelous quiet course to London, and thence break- 
 eth into the French Ocean by maine tides, which twice in 34. 
 howers space doth eb and flow, more then 60. miles in length, 
 to the great commoditie of Trauellers, by which all kind of 
 
Whirries on 
 the Thames. 
 
 Riuer of wels. 
 
 Decay of the 
 Riuer of the 
 Wels. 
 
 Parliament 
 record. 
 
 Riuer of Wels 
 bare ships. 
 
 Page 1} 
 Patent record: 
 Mils by Bay- 
 nards castell. 
 made in the 
 first of King 
 lohn. 
 
 12 Riuevs and other waters seruing this Citie 
 
 Marchandise bee easily conueyed to London, the principall 
 store house, and Staple of all commodities within this Realme, 
 so that omitting to speake of great ships, and other vessels of 
 burden, there pertayneth to the Citties of London, West- 
 minster, and Burrough of Southwarke, aboue the number as 
 is supposed of 2000. Wherryes and other small boates, whereby 
 3000. poore men at the least bee set on worke and main- 
 tained. 
 
 That the riuer of Wels, in the west parte of the Citty, was 
 of olde so called of the Wels, it may be proued thus, WiUiani 
 the Conqueror in his Charter, to the Colledge of S. Marten 
 le Grand in London, hath these wordes : I doe giue and graunt 
 to the same Church all the land and the Moore, without the 
 Posterne, which is called Cripplegate, on eyther part of the 
 Postern, that is to say, from the North corner of the Wall, 
 as the river of the Wels, there neare running, departeth the 
 same More from the Wall, vnto the running water which 
 entereth the Cittie: this water hath beene long since called 
 the riuer of the Wels, which name of riuer continued, and it 
 was so called in the raigne of Edward the first : as shall bee 
 shewed, with also the decay of the saide riuer. In a fayre 
 Booke of Parliament recordes, now lately restored to the 
 Tower, it appeareth that a Parliament being holden at Carlile 
 in the yeare 1307, the 'i,$. of Edward the 1. Henry Lacy 
 Earle of Lincolne complayned that whereas in times past the 
 course of ivater, running at London vnder Oldeborne bridge, 
 and Fleete bridge into the Thames, had beene of such bredth 
 and depth, that 10. or 12. ships, Nauies at once with marchan- 
 dises, were tvont to come to the foresaid bridge of Fleete, and 
 some of them to Oldborne bridge : now the same course by 
 filth of tlie Tanners &• such others, was sore decaied, also by 
 raising of wharf es, bttt specially by a diuersion of the water 
 made by them of the new Temple, for their milles standing \ 
 without Baynardes Castle, z« the first yeare of King lohn, and 
 diners other impediments, so as the said ships could not enter 
 as they were wont, &■ as they ought, wherefore he desired that 
 the Maior of London with the shiriffs, and other discrete Alder- 
 men, might be appointed to view the course of the saide water, 
 and that by the othes of good men, all the aforesaide hinderanccs 
 
Riiters and other 7vaters seruing this Citie 13 
 
 might bee remoued, and it to bee made as it was wont of old: 
 
 whervpon Roger le Brabason, the Constable of the Tower, with 
 
 the Maior and Shiriffes zvere assigned to take zviih them honest 
 
 and discrete men, and to make diligent search &• enquirie, how Riuer so 
 
 the said riner was in old time, and that thev leatie nothinp- that ^^^^^^ '° ^^^ 
 
 . -^ ° yeare 1307. 
 
 may hurt or stop it, out keepe it in the same estate that it was 
 
 tvont to be : so far the record. Whervpon it folowed that the 
 
 said riuer was at that time cleansed, these mils remoued, and 
 
 other things done for the preseruation of the course thereof, 
 
 notwithstanding neuer brought to the olde depth and breadth, 
 
 wherevpon the name of riuer ceased, and it was since called a 
 
 Brooke, namely, Turnmill, or Tremill Brooke, for that diuers Tumemiil 
 
 Mils were erected vpon it, as appeareth by a fayre Register ™° ^" 
 
 booke, conteyning the foundation of the Priorie at Clarken- 
 
 well, and donation of the landes thereunto belonging, as also 
 
 by diuers other records. 
 
 This brooke hath beene diuers times since clensed, namely, 
 and last of all to any effect, in the yeare 1502. the 17. of 
 Henrie the 7. the whole course of Fleete dike, then so called, 
 was scowred (I say) downe to the Thames, so that boats with 
 fish and fewel were rowed to Fleete bridge, and to Oldbtirne 
 bridge, as they of olde time had beene accustomed, which 
 was a great commoditie to all the inhabitants in that part of 
 the citie. 
 
 In the yeare 1589. was graunted a fifteene, by a common Fleete dike 
 Councell of the citie, for the cleansing of this Brooke or dike : be°densed° 
 the money amounting to a thousand marks was collected, and the money 
 it was vndertaken, that by drawing diuerse springes about the Citizens 
 Hampsted heath, into one head and course, both the citie ^"^™'^= 
 should bee serued of fresh water in all places of want, and 
 also that by such a follower as men call it, the chanell of this 
 brooke should bee scowred into the riuer of Thames, but much 
 mony being therein spent, y® effect | fayled, so that the Brooke Pc^ge 14 
 by meanes of continuall incrochments vpon the banks getting 
 ouer the water, and casting of soylage into the streame, is now 
 become woorse cloyed and (choken) then euer it was before. 
 
 The running water so called by William Conquerour in 
 his saide Charter, which entereth the citie, &c. (before there 
 was any ditch) betweene Bishopsgate and the late made 
 
liber customs. 
 
 Walbrook 
 vaulted and 
 paued ouer. 
 
 Langborne. 
 
 Page If 
 
 Sharebome 
 lane. 
 
 Langboume 
 ward. 
 
 Oldbourne. 
 
 14 Riuers and other "waters seruing this Citie 
 
 Posterne called Mooregate, entred the wall, and was truely of 
 the wall called Walbrooke, not of Gualo, as some haue farre 
 fetched : it ranne through the citie with diners windings from 
 the North towards the South into the riuer of Thames, and had 
 ouer the same diuerse bridges along the Streetes and Lanes, 
 through which it passed. I haue read in a Booke intituled 
 the customes of London, that the Prior of the holie Trinitie 
 within Aldgate ought to make ouer Walbrooke in the ward of 
 Brodstreete, agaynst the stone wall of the citie, vz. the same 
 Bridge that is next the Church of All Saints, at the wall. 
 Also that the Prior of the new Hospitall, S. Marie Spittle 
 without Bishopsgate, ought to make the middle part of one 
 other Bridge next to the said Bridge towardes the North : 
 And that in the 28. yeare of Edwarde the first, it was by 
 inquisition found before the Maior of London, that the parish 
 of S. Stephen vppon Walbrooke, ought of right to scowre the 
 course of the saide Brooke, and therefore the shirififes were 
 commaunded to distraine the sayde Parishioners so to doe : in 
 the yeare 1300. the keepers of those Bridges at that time were 
 William Jordan and lohn de Beuer. This water course hauing 
 diuerse Bridges, was afterwards vaulted ouer with bricke, and 
 paued leuell with the Streetes and Lanes where through it 
 passed, and since that also houses have beene builded thereon, 
 so that the course of Walbroke is now hidden vnder ground, 
 and therby hardly knowne. 
 
 Langborne vtaXtr, so called of the length thereof, was a great 
 streame breaking out of the ground, in Feii Church street, 
 which ran downe with a swift course, west, through that 
 streete, thwart Grastreete, and downe Lumbard streete, to the 
 west ende of S. Marie Wolnothes Church, and then turning 
 the course South down Sharebome lane, so termed of sharing 
 or diuiding, it brake | into diuerse rilles or rillets to the Riuer 
 of Thames: of this bourne, that warde took the name, and is 
 till this day called Langborne warde. This Bourne also is 
 long since stopped vp at the head, and the rest of the course 
 filled vp and paued ouer, so that no signe thereof remayneth 
 more then the names aforesaid. 
 
 Oldborne, or Hilborne, was the like water, breaking out 
 about the place where now the bars do stand, and it ran 
 
Riiiers and other waters serning this Citie 15 
 
 downe the whole streete till Oldborne bridge, and into the 
 Riuer of the Wels, or Tttrnemill brooke : this Bourne was 
 likewise long since stopped vp at the heade, and in other 
 places where the same hath broken out, but yet till this day, 
 the said street is there called high Oldborne hill, and both the 
 sides thereof togither with all the grounds adioyning, that lie 
 betwixt it and the riuer of Thames, remaine full of springs, so 
 that water is there found at hand, and hard to be stopped in 
 euerie house. 
 
 There are {saith Fitzstephen), neare London, on the North Fitzstephen. 
 side, special wels in the Suburbs, szveete, wholsome and cleare, ° y ^^ • 
 amongst which Holywell, Clarkes wel, 5-» Clements well, are 
 most famous and frequented by Scholers and youthes of the 
 Citie in sommer euenings, when they walke forth to take the 
 aire. 
 
 The first, to wit. Holy well, is much decayed and marred 
 with filthinesse purposely laide there, for the heighthening of 
 the ground for garden plots. 
 
 The fountaine called S. Clements well. North from the Clements 
 Parish Church of S. Clements, and neare vnto an Inne of ^^ ' 
 Chancerie, called Clements Inne, is faire curbed square with 
 hard stone, kept cleane for common vse, and is alwayes full. 
 
 The third is called Clarkes well, or darken well, and is Clarks well. 
 curbed about square with hard stone, not farre from the west 
 ende of darken well Church, but close without the wall that 
 incloseth it : the sayd Church tooke the name of the Well, and 
 the Well tooke name of the Parish Clarkes in London, who 
 of old time were accustomed there yearely to assemble, and 
 to play some large hystorie of holy Scripture. And for 
 example of later time, to wit, in the yeare, 139c. the 14. of 
 Richard the second, I read the Parish Clarks of London, on pkyes by the 
 the 18. of July, playd Enterludes at Skinners well, neare vnto PfciarSwell. 
 Clarkes well, which play continued three | dayes togither, the Page 16 
 King, Queene, and Nobles being present. Also the year 
 1409. the ic. of Henrie the 4. they played a play at the puyes at the 
 Skinners well, which lasted eight dayes, and was of matter S'^'""*"'" ^^"• 
 from the creation of the worlde. There were to see the same, 
 the most part of the Nobles and Gentiles in England, &c. 
 
 Other smaller welles were many neare vnto Clarkes well, Skinners well. 
 
1 6 Riiters and other waters serning this Citie 
 
 namely Skinners well, so called for that the Skinners of 
 London held there certaine playes yearely playd of holy 
 
 Wrestling Scripture, &c. In place whereof the wrestlings haue of later 
 yeares beene kept, and is in part continued at Bartholomew 
 tide. 
 
 Fagges well. Then was there Fagges well, neare vnto Smithfield by the 
 Charterhouse, now lately dammed up, Todwell, Loders wel, 
 and Radtvell, all decayed, and so filled vp, that there places 
 are hardly now discerned. 
 
 Somewhat North from Holywell, is one other well curbed 
 square with stone, and is called Dame Annis the clear e, and 
 not farre from it but somewhat west, is also one other cleare 
 water called Perillous pond, because diuerse youthes swim- 
 ming therein haue beene drowned, and thus much bee said for 
 Fountaines and Wels. 
 
 Horsepoole in Westsmithfield, was sometime a great water, 
 and because the inhabitants in that part of the Citie did there 
 water their Horses, the same was in olde Records called 
 Horspoole : it is now much decayed, the springs being stopped 
 vp, and the land water falling into the small bottome, 
 remayning inclosed with Bricke, is called Smithfield pond. 
 
 By S. Giles Churchyard was a large water called a Poole, 
 I read in the yeare 1244, that Anne of Lodbtirie was drowned 
 therein, this poole is now for the most part stopped vp, but 
 
 Poole withoTit the spring is preserued, and was cooped about with stone by 
 rep ega e. ^^ Executors of Richard Wittington. 
 
 The said riuer of the Wels, the running water of Walbrooke, 
 the Bournes aforenamed, and other the fresh waters that were 
 in and about this Citie, being in processe of time by in- 
 crochment for buildings and heighthnings of grounds vtterly 
 decayed, and the number of Citizens mightily increased, they 
 were forced to seeke sweete waters abroad, wherof some at 
 
 Page ly the request of king Henry \ the third, in the %\. yeare of his 
 
 Patent. 1236. raigne, were for the profite of the Citty, and good of the 
 whole realme, thether repayring, to wit, for the poore to 
 drinke, and the rich to dresse their meate, granted to the 
 Cittizens, and their successors by one Gilbert Sajtforde, with 
 
 Water con- liberty to conuay water from the Towne of Teyborne, by 
 
 uayed from .',,.,._,. 
 
 Teybom pipes of leade mto their Litty. 
 
Riuers and other waters 17 
 
 The first Cesterne of leade castellated with stone in the Andrew Horn 
 Citty of London, was called the great Conduit in west Cheape, x^^^l^^ °° "' 
 which was begunne to bee builded in the yeare 1285. Henry ^^'^^v^- 
 Wales being then Mayor, the water course from Padington to ueyed from 
 lames hed hath 510. rods, from lames hed on the hil to the Teybomto 
 
 ^ ' London. 
 
 Mewsgate, 102 rods, from the Mewsegate to the Crosse in Cheape 
 484. rods. 
 
 The Tonne vpon Cornhillv^as Cisterned in the yeare 1401. Tonne vpon 
 loht Shadworth then being Mayor. 
 
 Bosses of water at Belinsgate, by Powles wharf e, and by Bosse of 
 S. Giles Church without Cripplegate made about the yeare other^BosseT 
 1423. 
 
 Water conueyed to the Gaoles of Newgate and Ludgate, 
 1432. 
 
 Water was first procured to the Standard in West Cheape 
 about the yeare 1285. which Standard was againe new builded, 
 by the Executors of lohn Welles, as shall bee shewed in an 
 other place. King Henry the sixt in the yeare 1442. graunted 
 to lohn Hatherley Mayor, licence to take vp aoo. fodar of 
 Leade, for the building of Conduits of a common Garnery 
 and of a new Crosse in West Cheape for the honor of the 
 Citty. 
 
 The Conduit in West Cheape by Powles gate, was builded 
 about the yeare 1442. one thousand markes was graunted by 
 Common Counsell for the building thereof, and repayring of 
 the other Conduits. 
 
 The Conduit in Aldermanbury and the^Standard in Fleet- 
 streete, were made and finished by the Executors of Sir 
 William Eastfield in the yeare 147 1. a Sestern was added to 
 the Standerd in Fleetestreete, and a Sestern was made at 
 Fleeibridge, and one other without Cripplegate in the yeare. 
 1478. 
 
 Conduit in Grastreete, in the yeare, 1491. 
 
 Conduit at Oldbourne Crosse about 1498, againe new made 
 by William Lambe 1577. | 
 
 Little Conduit by the Stockes market about 1500. Page 18 
 
 Conduit at Bishopsgate, about 1513. 
 
 Conduit at London wall, about 1528. 
 
 Conduit at Aldgate without, about 1535. 
 
i8 
 
 Rmers and other waters 
 
 Thames water 
 conueyed into 
 mens houses 
 in the east 
 parte of the 
 Citty. 
 
 Conduits in 
 old fishstreet. 
 
 Thames water 
 conueyed into 
 the west part 
 of the city. 
 
 Benefactors 
 towardes the 
 water con- 
 duites. 
 
 Page ip 
 
 Conduit in Lothbury, and in Colemanstreet, 1546. 
 
 Conduit of Thames water at Dowgate, 1568. 
 
 Thames water conueyed into mens houses by pipes of leade, 
 from a most artificial forcier standing neare vnto London 
 bridge and made by Peter Moris Dutchman in the yeare 
 1583, for seruice of the Citty, on the East part thereof. 
 
 Conduits of Thames water by the parish Chuixhes of 
 S. Mary Magdalen, and S. Nicholas Colde Abbey neare vnto 
 olde Fishstreet, in the yeare 1583. 
 
 One other new Forcier was made neare to Broken wharfe, 
 to conuey Thames water into mens houses of West Cheape, 
 aboute Powles, Fleetestreet, &c., by an English Gentleman, 
 named Beiiis Bulmer, in the yeare 1594. Thus much for 
 waters, seruing this Cittie : first by Riuers, Brookes, Boornes, 
 Fountaines, Pooles, &c. And since by Conduits partly made 
 by good and charitable Citizens, and otherwise by charges of 
 the Communaltie, as shalbe shewed in description of Wardes, 
 wherein they be placed. And now some Benefactors to these 
 Conduits shalbe remembred. 
 
 In the yeare 1236. certaine Marchant Strangers of Cities 
 beyond the Seas, to wit, Amiens, Corby, and Nele, for 
 priuiledges which they enioyed in this Cittie, gaue ico. 1. 
 towardes the charges of conueying water from the towne of 
 Teyborne. Robert Large Mayor, 1439. gaue to the new water 
 Conduits then in hand forty markes, and towardes the vaulting 
 ouer of Walbrooke neare to the parish Church of S. Margaret 
 in Lothbery aoo. Markes. 
 
 Sir William Eastfield mayor 1438. conueyed water from 
 Teyborne to Fleetstreete, to Aldermanbury, and from Highbery, 
 to Cripplegate. 
 
 William Combes Sheriffe 1441. gaue to the worke of the 
 Conduits x. li. 
 
 Richard Razvson one of the Sheriffes 1476. gaue xx. li. 
 
 Robert Reuell one of the shiriffes 1490. gaue x. li. 
 
 John Mathew Maior, 1490- gaue xx. li. 
 
 William Bucke Tailor, in the yeare, 1494. towards repairing 
 of Conduits, gaue C. Markes. 
 
 Dame Thomason widow, late wife to lohn Perciuall Taylor, 
 Maior in the yeare 1498. gaue toward the Conduit in Old- 
 bourne XX. Markes. 
 
Riuers and other waters 19 
 
 Richard Shore one of the Shiriffes 1505. gaue to the Con- 
 duit in Oldbourne x. li. 
 
 The Ladie Ascue, widow to sir Christopher Ascue, 1543. 
 gaue towards the Conduits C. li. 
 
 Dauid Wodrooffe shirifFe 1554. gaue towardes the Conduit 
 at Bishopsgate xx. li. 
 
 Edward lacknian one of the shiriffes, 1564. gaue towarde 
 the Conduits C. li. 
 
 Barnard Randtdph, common Sergeant of the Citie, 1583. 
 gaue to the water Conduits 900 li. 
 
 Thus much for the Conduits of fresh water to this Citie. 
 
 The towne Ditch without the Wall of the citie. 
 
 1 HE Ditch which partly now remaineth, and compassed Lib. Dun- 
 the wall of the Citie, was begun to be made by the Lon- ^itih'about 
 doners, in the yere laii. & was finished in the yeare 1213. London 200. 
 the 1 5. of king John, this Ditch being then made of aoo. foot Lib. Trinitatc. 
 broad, caused no small hinderance to the Canons of the 
 holy Trinitie, whose Church stood neare vnto Aldgate,iox that 
 the saide ditch passed through their ground, from the Tower 
 of London, vnto Bishops gate. This Ditch being originally 
 made for the defence of the Citie, was also long togither, 
 carefully clensed and maintained as neede required, but now of 
 late neglected and forced either to a verie narrow, and the same 
 a filthie chanell, or altogither stopped vp for Gardens planted, 
 and houses builded thereon, euen to the verie wall, and in 1 
 many places vpon both ditch & wall houses to be builded, to Page 20 
 what danger of the Citie, I leaue to wiser consideration ; and 
 can but wish that reformation might be had. 
 
 In the yeare of Christ, 1354. the 38. of Edward the third, Ditch ofthe 
 the ditch of this Citie flowing ouer the banke into the Tower flowed the 
 ditch, the king commaunded the said ditch of the Citie to be banke, into 
 clensed, and so ordered, that the ouerflowing thereof should ditch. 
 not force any filth into the Tower ditch. 
 
 Ann^ 1379. lohn Philpot Maior of London, caused this 
 ditch to be cleansed, and euerie houshold to pay v.d. which 
 was for a dayes worke towards the charges thereof. Richard 
 the %. in the tenth of his raigne, granted a Toll to bee taken 
 
 c 3 
 
20 The towne Ditch without the Wall 
 
 of wares solde by water, or by lande for ten yeares, towardes 
 repayring of the wall, and clensing of the ditch. 
 
 Thomas Fawconer Maior 1414. caused the ditch to be 
 clensed. 
 
 Ralf loceline Maior 1477. caused the whole ditch to be cast 
 and clensed, and so from time to time it was clensed, and 
 otherwise reformed, namely, in 1519, the tenth ol Henrie 8. for 
 clensing and scowring the common ditch betweene Aldgate 
 and the Posterne next the Tower ditch. The chief ditcher 
 had by the day vij.d. the second ditcher vi.d. the other ditchers 
 v.d. And euery vagabonde (for so were they termed) one 
 pennie the day meate and drinke, at charges of the Citie. 
 XCV.li. iij.s. iiij.d. 
 
 In my remembrance also the same was clensed, namely the 
 Mooreditch, when sir William Hollies was Maior, in the yere 
 1540. & not long before, from the Tower of London to 
 Aldgate. 
 
 It was againe clensed in the yeare 1549. Henrie Amcotes 
 
 being Maior, at the charges of the Companies. And againe 
 
 1569. the II. of Queene Elizabeth, for clensing the same ditch 
 
 betweene Ealdgate and the Posterne, and making a new 
 
 sewere, and wharf of tymber from the head of the Posterne 
 
 into the towne ditch, viii.C.xiiij. pound, xv.s. viij. d. Before 
 
 the which time the saide ditch lay open, without wall or 
 
 Plentie of pale, hauing therein great store of verie good fish, of diuerse 
 
 fhe° Towne" Sorts, as many men yet liuing, who haue taken and tasted them 
 
 ditch. can well witnes : but now no such matter, the charge of 
 
 clensing is spared, and great profite made by letting out the 
 
 banks, with the spoyle of the whole ditch. | 
 
 Page 21 I am not ignorant of two fifteenes graunted by a common 
 
 Councell in the yeare i595- for the reformation of this ditch, 
 
 and that a small portion thereof, to wit, betwixt Bishopsgate, 
 
 and the Posterne called Mooregate, was clensed and made 
 
 somewhat broder : but filling againe very fast, by reason of 
 
 ouerraysing the ground neare adioyning, therefore neuer the 
 
 better : and I will so leaue it, for I cannot helpe it. 
 
Bridges of this Citie 21 
 
 Bridges of this Citie. 
 
 1 HE originall foundation of London bridge, by report of Loudon 
 Bartholomew Linsted, alias Fowle, last Prior of S. ^«^z> t^mlfer^"' "'^ 
 Queries Church in Southwarke was this : a Ferrie being kept 
 in place where now the Bridge is builded, at length the Ferri- 
 man & his wife deceasing, left the same Ferrie to their onely 
 daughter, a maiden named Marie, which with the goodes left 
 by her Parents, as also with the profites rising of the said 
 Ferrie, builded a house of Sisters, in place where now standeth A Ferrie ouer 
 the east part of S. Marie Queries Church aboue the Queere, betweenTon- 
 where she was buried, vnto the which house she gauethe ouer- don & South- 
 sight & profites of the Ferrie, but afterwards the said house First arched 
 of sisters being conuerted into a colledge of priests, the priests foJ^^bow^''^^' 
 builded the Bridge (of Timber) as all other the great Bridges made by 
 of this land were, and from time to time kept the same in Hen. thriirst* 
 good reparations, till at length considering the great charges 
 of repayring the same, there was by ayd of the Citizens of 
 London, and others, a Bridge builded with Arches of stone, as 
 shall be shewed. 
 
 But first of the Timber Bridge, the antiquitie thereof being wiiliam of 
 great, but vncertaine, I remember to haue read, that in the Malmesbury. 
 yeare of Christ, 994. Sweyn king of Denmarke besieging the 
 Citie of London, both by water and by land, the Citizens 
 manfully defended themselues, and their king Ethelred, so as 
 part of their enemies were slaine in battaile, and part of them 
 were drowned in the Riuer of Thames, because in their hastie 
 rage they tooke no heede of the Bridge. | 
 
 Moreouer in the yeare ici6. Canute the Dane, with a great Page 22 
 nauie came vp to London, and on the South of the Thames, 
 caused a Trench to be cast, through the which his ships were 
 towed into the west side of the Bridge, and then with a deepe 
 Trench and straight siege he compassed the Citie round 
 about. 
 
 Also in the yeare 1052. Earle Goodwin with the like nauie, 
 taking his course vp the riuer of Thames, and finding none 
 that offered to resist on the Bridge, he sayled vp by the south- 
 side of the said riuer. Furthermore about the yere 1067. 
 William the Conquer our in his Charter to the Church of S. Peter 
 
22 Bridges of this Citie 
 
 at Westminster, confirmed to the Monks seruing God there, 
 
 a gate in London, then called Buttolphs gate, with a wharfe 
 
 which was at the head of London bridge. 
 
 Menwentdrj'- We read likewise, that in the yeare 1114. the 14. of Henrie 
 
 Loudonbridg. the first, the riuer of Thames was so dried vp, and such want 
 
 Lib. Bermond- of water there, that betweene the Tower of London, and the 
 
 bridge, and vnder the bridge, not onely with horse, but also 
 
 a great number of men, women and children, did wade ouer 
 
 on foote. 
 
 In the yeare 1 133. the 22. of Henrie the first, Thomas Arden 
 gaue to the Monkes of Bermondsey , the Church of S. George 
 in Southwarke : and fiue shillings rent by the yeare, out of the 
 land pertayning to London bridge. 
 
 I also haue scene a Charter vnder scale to the effect follow- 
 ing. Henrie king of England, to Ralfe B. of Chichester, and 
 Henrie the i: all the Ministers of Sussex sendeth greeting, know ye, £fc. I com- 
 maund by vty kingly authoritie that the Mannar called Alces- 
 tone, which my father gaue, with other lands, to the Abbey of 
 Battle, be free and quiet from shieres and hundredes, and all 
 other Customes of earthly seruitude, as my father helde the 
 same, most freely and quietly, and namely from the worke 
 of Londoit bridge, and the worke of the Castle at Peuensey: 
 and this I command vppon my forfeyture, witnesse William 
 de Pontlearche at Byrry, the which Charter with the Scale 
 very faire, remaineth in the custodie of loseph Holland 
 Gentleman. 
 Lib. Bermond- In the yeare 1136. the first of king Stephen, a fire began in 
 LU). Trinitate. ^he house of one Ailewarde, neare vnto London stone, which j 
 Page 2} consumed east to Aldgate, and west to S. Erkenwalds shrine, 
 
 London ^" Powles Church : the bridge of timber ouer the riuer of 
 
 bridge brent. Thames was also burnt, &c. but afterwardes again repayred. 
 For Fitzstephen writeth that in the raigne of king Stephen, 
 and of Henry the second, when pastimes were shewed on the 
 riuer of Thames, men stoode in greate number on the bridge, 
 wharfes, and houses, to behold. 
 London bridge ^^^ i" ^^ yeare 1 163. the same bridge was not onely 
 ''^^'''"^ernew repayred, but new made of Timber as afore, by Peter of Cole- 
 Chmxh, Priest and Chaplaine. 
 
 Thus much for the olde timber bridge, maintainde partly 
 
Bridges of this Citie 23 
 
 by the proper lands thereof, partly by the liberality of diuers 
 persons, and partly by taxations in diuers Shires, haue I 
 proued for the space of 315. yeares before the Bridge of stone 
 was builded. 
 
 Now touching the foundation of the Stone Bridge, it London bridge 
 followeth : About the yeare 1176. the Stone Bridge ouer the founded 
 riuer of Thames at London, was begunne to be founded by the 
 foresaide Peter of Cole Church, neare vnto the Bridge of timber, 
 but some what more towardes the west, for I read that Buttolfe 
 wharfe was in the Conquerors time, at the head of London 
 bridge. The king assisted this worke : A Cardinall then being Lib. Wauer- 
 Legate here, and Richard Archbishop of Canterbury, gaue ^'^' 
 one thousand markes towardes the foundation, the course of 
 the riuer for the time was turned an other way about by 
 a Trench cast for that purpose beginning as is supposed East 
 about Radriffe, and ending in the West about Pairicksey, 
 now tearmed Batersey, this worke to wit, the Arches, Chaple & 
 stone bridge ouer the riuer of Thames at London, hauing beene London bridge 
 33. yeares in building was in the yeare 1209. finished by the ^^.y^^^^ '" 
 worthy Marchants of Lottdon, Serle Mercer, William Almaine, 
 and Benedict Botewrite, principall Maisters of that worke, for 
 Peter of Colechurch deceased foure years before, and was 
 buried in the Chappell on the Bridge, in the yeare 1305. 
 
 King lohn gaue certaine voide places in London to build 
 vppon, the profites thereof to remaine towardes the charges of 
 building and repayring of the same bridge : a Mason being Chappie on 
 MaisterWorkeman of the Bridge, builded from the foundation ° °" " ^' 
 the I large Chappie on that Bridge, of his owne'charges, which Page 24 
 Chappie was then endowed for two Priestes, foure Clearks, &c. chappel on 
 besides Chanteries since founded for lohn Hatfield zx^6. other. |jj^ |^'^^s^j°" 
 After the finishing of this Chappie, which was the first building 
 vppon those Arches, sundry houses at times were erected, and 
 many charitable men gaue lands, tenements, or summes of 
 money towards maintenance thereof, all which was sometimes Gifts ginen to 
 
 ... , , ,. ... r i -i • _ • maintenance 
 
 noted, and m a table fayre written for posterity, remayning in ^f London 
 the Chappie, til the same Chappie was turned to a dwelling ^^'^^2^^°^^ 
 house, and then remoued to the Bridge house: the effect of for posterity. 
 which Table I was willing to haue published in this booke, if 
 I could haue obtained the sight thereof: but making the 
 
24 Bridges of this Citie 
 
 shorter worke, I find by the accompt of William Mariner 
 and Christopher Eliot Wardens of London Bridge from 
 Michaelmas in the 22. of H. the 7. vnto Michaelmas next 
 ensuing by one whole yeare, that all the paymentes and 
 allowances came to viii.C.xv.li. xvii.s. ii.d. ob. as there is 
 shewed by particulars, by which accompt then made, may be 
 partly gessed the great charges and discharges of that Bridge 
 at this day, when thinges be stretched to so great a prise. 
 And now to actions on this Bridge. 
 Actions on The first action to be noted was lamentable, for within foure 
 
 t^°bee°note'dr yeares after the finishing thereof, to witte in the yeare, 1212. 
 on the tenth of July at night, the Borough of Southwarke 
 vpon the South side the riuer of Thames, as also the Church 
 of our Lady of the Canons there beeing on fire, and an 
 exceeding great multitude of people passing the Bridge, 
 Lib. Dunmow. eyther to extinguish and quench it, or else to gaze at and 
 Couentr^.*^ bchold it, Suddenly the north part, by blowing of the South- 
 William wind was also set on fire, and the people which were euen 
 London bridge "ow passing the Bridge, perceyuing the same, would haue 
 perished vvitli returned, but were stopped by fire, and it came to passe, that 
 as they stayed or protracted time, the other end of the Bridge 
 also, namely the South end was fired, so that the people 
 thronging themselues betweene the two fires, did nothing else 
 but expect present death : then came there to aide them many 
 ships and vessels, into the which the multitude so vnaduisedly 
 rushed, that the ships being drowned, they all perished : it 
 was saide that through the fire and shipwracke there were 
 Page 2s destroyed a|bout three thousand persons whose bodies were 
 
 found in part, or halfe burned, besides those that were wholy 
 burnt to ashes, and could not be found. 
 Fine arches of About the yeare 1282. through a great frost and deepe 
 borne°downe^^ snow, fiue Arches of London bridge were borne downe and 
 carryed away. 
 
 In the yeare 1289. the Bridge was so sore decayed for want 
 of reparations, that men were afraid to passe thereon, and 
 Pattent the 14. a subsidie was graunted towards the amendment thereof, Sir 
 of Edward the j-^j^^ Britaine being Custos of London. 1381. a great collec- 
 tion or gathering was made, of all Archbishops, Bishops, and 
 other Ecclesiasticall persons, for the reparations of London 
 
Bridges of this Citie 25 
 
 bridge. 1381. Wat Tiler, and other rebels of Kent, by 
 this bridge entered the Citie, as ye may reade in my Sum- 
 marie and Annales. 
 
 In the yeare 1395. on S. Georges day, was a great iusting 
 on London bridge, betwixt Dauid Earle of Craford of Scot- 
 land, and the Lord Wels of England. In the which the 
 Lord Wels was at the third course borne out of the saddle, 
 which hystorie proueth,that at that time the Bridge being 
 coaped on either side was not replenished with houses 
 builded thereupon, as since it hath beene, and now is. The Nine persons 
 next yeare on the 13. of Nouember, the young Queene death on Lon- 
 Isabell, commonly called the little, for she was but eight <i°" bridge. 
 yeares olde, was conueyed from Kenington besides Lamhith, 
 through Southwark to the Tower of London, and such a 
 multitude of people went out to see her, that on London 
 bridge nine persons were crowded to death, of whom the 
 prior of Tiptre a place in Essex, was one, & a Matron on 
 Cornehil, was an other. 
 
 The Tower on London Bridge at the north end of the Tower on 
 drawbridge, (for that bridge was then readily to be drawn b,dWed. ^^ ^^ 
 up, aswell to giue passage for ships to Queenehith, as for the 
 resistance of any forraigne force) was begun to be builded in 
 the yeare 1426. lohn Rainwell being Maior. 
 
 An other tower there is on the sayd bridge ouer the gate 
 at the South end towards Southwarke, whereof in an other 
 place shall be spoken. 
 
 In the yeare 1450. lacke Cade, and other Rebels of Kent, lacke Cade 
 by this bridge entered the Citie, he strake his sword on citie by the 
 London stone, I and said himselfe then to be Lord of the bridge. 
 
 ' Jr^age 20 
 
 Citie, but they were by the Citizens ouercome on the same 
 Bridge, and put to flight, as in my Annales. 
 
 In the yeare 147 1. Thomas the bastard Fawfijw^r/^^ be- Bastard Faw- 
 
 , ■• 1 11 1 1 1 conbridge be- 
 
 sieged this Bridge, burned the gate, and all the houses to the sieged the 
 
 draw bridge, that time 13. in number. hnige. 
 
 In the year 1481. an house called the common siege on An house of 
 London bridge fell downe into the Thames : through the fall dowe. ^^ ^ 
 whereof fiue men were drowned. 
 
 In the year 1553. the third of February, sir Thomas Wiat 
 and the Kentish men marched from Depeford towards London, 
 
26 
 
 Bridges of this Citie 
 
 Sir Tho. Wiat 
 lay in Sonth- 
 warke at the 
 bridge foote. 
 The drawe- 
 bridge cut 
 downe. 
 
 The bridge 
 described. 
 
 Fleet bridge. 
 
 Page 21 
 
 Oldborne 
 bridge. 
 
 after knowledge whereof, forthwith the drawe bridge was cut 
 downe, and the Bridge gates shut, Wiat and his people 
 entered Southwarke, where they lay till the sixt of Februarie, 
 but coulde get no entrie of the Citie by the bridge, the same 
 was then so well defended by the Citizens, the Lord William 
 Hotvard assisting, wherefore he remoued towards Kingstone, 
 &c. as in my Annales. 
 
 To conclude of this bridge ouer the said riuer of Thames, 
 I afifirme, as in other my descriptions, that it is a worke verie 
 rare, hauing with the draw bridge 20. Arches made of 
 squared stone, of height 60. foote, and in bredth 30. foote 
 distant one from another 20. foote, compact and ioyned 
 togither with vaults and cellers, vpon both sides be houses 
 builded, so that it seemeth rather a continuall streete then 
 a Bridge : for the fortifying whereof against the incessant 
 assaults of the riuer, it hath ouerseers and officers, vz. war- 
 dens, as aforesaid, and others. 
 
 Fleete bridge in the west without Ludgate, a Bridge of 
 stone faire coaped, on either side with iron pikes, on the 
 which towards the south be also certaine Lanthornes of stone, 
 for lights to be placed in the winter euenings, for commoditie 
 of trauellers. Under this bridge runneth a water, sometimes 
 called (as I haue said) the river of the Wels, since Turnemill 
 brooke, now Fleet dike, because it runneth by the Fleete, and 
 sometime about the Fleete, so under Fleete bridge into the 
 riuer of Thames. This bridge hath beene farre greater in 
 times past, but lessened, as the water course hath beene 
 narrowed. It seemeth this last bridge to be made, or re- 
 payred at the charges oi lohn Wels Maior, in the yeare 1431. | 
 for on the coping is engrauen Wels imbraced by Angels, like 
 as on the Standard in Cheape, which he also builded : thus 
 much of the Bridge : for of the water course and decay thereof 
 I haue spoken in another place. 
 
 Oldbonrne bridge ouer the said riuer of the Wels more to- 
 wards the North was so called, of a Bourne that sometimes 
 ranne downe Oldborne hill into the sayd Riuer, this Bridge 
 of stone like as Fleet bridge from Liidgate west, serueth for 
 passengers with carriage or otherwise from Newgate toward 
 the west and by North. 
 
Bridges of this Citie 27 
 
 Cowbridge more North ouer the same water by Cowbridge Cowbridge. 
 streete or Cowlane : this bridge being lately decayed, an other 
 of timber is made somewhat more north, by Chicklane, &c. 
 
 Bridges ouer the Towne ditch, there are diuerse : to witte, Bridge ouer 
 without Aldgate, without Bishopsgate, the Posterne called ^^ °^™ ""^ ' 
 Mooregate, the Posterne of Creplegate without Alder sgate, the 
 Posterne of Christes Hospitall, Newgate, and Lndgate, all 
 these bee ouer paued likewise with stone leuell with the 
 streetes. But one other there is of Tymber ouer the riuer of 
 wels, or Fleet dike, betweene the precinct of the Blackc Friers, 
 and the house of Bridewell. 
 
 There haue beene of olde time also, diuerse Bridges in Bridges ouer 
 sundrie places ouer the course of Walbrooke, as before I haue wlibrooke? 
 partly noted, besides Horshew bridge, by the Church of saint Horshewe 
 lohn Baptist, now called S. lohns vpon Walbrooke. I reade " ^^' 
 that of olde time euery person hauing lands on either side of 
 the sayd brooke, should dense the same, and repayre the 
 Bridges so farre as their landes extended. More, in the ii. 
 of Edward the third, the inhabitants vpon the course of this 
 brooke, were forced to pile and wal the sides thereof Also 
 that in the third of Henrie the fift, this water course had many Walbrooke 
 Bridges, since vaulted ouer with Bricke, and the streetes ™^ paued" 
 where through it passed, so paued, that the same watercourse with stone. 
 is now hardly discerned. For order was taken in the second 
 of Edward the fourth, that such as had ground on either side 
 of Walbrooke, should vault and paue it ouer, so farre as his 
 ground extended. And thus much for Bridges in this Citie, 
 may suffice. | 
 
 Gates in the wall of this Citie. ^«^^f^« 
 
 Gates in the wall of this Citie of olde time, were foure : to Gates orLon- 
 wit, Aeldgate for the east, Aldersgate for the North, Liidgate so°uth, east, and 
 for the West, and the Bridgegate ouer the riuer of Thames for ^;=^;«[^''" 
 the South, but of later times for the ease of Citizens and shewed. 
 Passengers, diuers other gates and posterns haue beene made, 
 
 as shall be shewed. , , . ^ ^. .t x ,u Seuen double 
 
 In the raigne of Henrie the second (saith Fitzstephen) there g^jes ,„ the 
 were seuen double gates in the wall of this Citie, but he nameth ^f^l^°f **>'= 
 
Posteme by 
 the Tower. 
 
 Page 3g 
 
 Wall imbat- 
 telled about 
 the Tower of 
 London. 
 Ditch about 
 the tower. 
 
 Posteme fell 
 downe. 
 
 28 Gates in the wall of this Citie 
 
 them not. It may therefore be supposed, hee meant for the first, 
 the gate next the Tower of London, now commonly called 
 the Posterne : the next to be Aeldgate, the third Bishopsgate, 
 the fourth E alder sgate, the fift Newgate, the sixt Ludgate, the 
 seuenth Bridgegate. Since the which time hath beene builded, 
 the Posterne called Mooregate, a Posterne from Christs Hos- 
 pitall, towards S. Bartholomewes Hospitall in Smiihfield, &c. 
 Now of euerie of these gates, and posterns in the wall, and also 
 of certaine water gates on the riuer of Thames, seuerally, some- 
 what may, and shall be noted, as !• find authoritie, or reasonable 
 coniecture to warrant me. 
 
 For the first now called the posterne by the Tower of 
 London, it sheweth by that part which yet remaineth, to 
 haue beene a faire & strong arched gate, partly builded of hard 
 stone of Kent, and partly of stone brought from Cane in 
 Normandie, since the Conquest, and foundation of the high 
 tower, and serued for passengers on foote out of the East, 
 from thence through the Citie to Ludgate in the West. The 
 ruine and ouerthrow of this gate and posterne, began in the 
 yeare 11 90. the second of Richard the first, when William 
 Longshampe Bishop of Ely, Chancellor of England, caused a 
 part of the Citie wall, to wit, from the said gate towards the 
 riuer of Thames, to the white tower, to bee broken downe, for the 
 enlarging of the said Tower, which he then compassed farre 
 wide about with a wall embattelled, and is now the | outer 
 wal. He also caused a broad and deepe ditch to be made 
 without the same wall, intending to haue deriued the riuer of 
 Thames with her tydes, to haue flowed about it, which would 
 not be. But the Southside of this gate being then by under- 
 mining at the foundation loosed, and greatly weakned, at 
 length, to wit, after aoo. yeares and odde the same fell downe 
 in the yeare 1440. the xviij. of Henrie the sixt, and was neuer 
 since by the Citizens reedified. Such was their negligence 
 then, and hath bred some trouble to their successors, since 
 they suffered a weake and wooden building to be there made, 
 inhabited by persons of lewde life, oft times by inquest of 
 Portesoken ward presented, but not reformed : whereas of 
 former times, the said Posterne was accompted of as other 
 gates of the Citie, and was appointed to men of good credite. 
 
Gates of this Citie 29 
 
 Amongst other, I haue read, that in the 49. of Edward the 
 third, lohn Cobbe was admitted Custos of the said Posterne, and 
 all the habitation thereof, for tearme of his life, by William 
 
 Walworth, then Maior of London, &c. More, that lohn Credy 
 Esquire, in the 21. of Richard the second, was admitted 
 Custos of the said Posterne & appurtenances by Richard 
 
 Whittington Maior, the Aldermen and Communaltie, &c. 
 
 Aeldgate. 
 
 1 HE next gate in the East is called Aeldgate, of the anti- Aidgate. 
 quitie or age thereof. This is one and the first of the foure 
 principall gates, and also one of the seuen double gates, men- 
 tioned by Fitzstephen. It hath had two paire of gates^ though 
 now but one, the hookes remaineth yet. Also there hath 
 beene two Portcloses, the one of them remaineth, the other 
 wanteth, but the place of letting dovvne is manifest. For anti- 
 quitie of the gate, it appeareth by a Charter of king Edgar to 
 the knights of Knighton Guild, that in his dayes the said port Lib. Trinitate. 
 was called Aeldgate, as ye may reade in the warde of Port- 
 soken. Also Matild the Queene wife to Henrie the first, 
 hauing founded the Priorie of the holie Trinitie within Aeld- 
 gate, gaue vnto the same Church, to Norman the first Prior, 
 and the Chanons that devoutly serued God therein, the Port 
 of Aeldgate, and the soke or franches thereunto belonging, Soke or court. 
 with all customes as free as shee held the same : in the | which Page 30 
 Charter, she nameth the house Christs Church, and reporteth 
 Aeldgate to be of his demaine. 
 
 More, I reade in the yeare 1 215. that in the ciuill warres Mathew Paris, 
 betweene king lohn and his Barons, the Londoners assisting 
 the Barons faction, who then besieged Northampton, and after 
 came to Bedford Castell, where they were well receyued by 
 William Beauchampe, and captaine of the same : hauing then 
 also secrete intelligence that they might enter the Citie of 
 London if they would, they remoued their campe to Ware, 
 from whence in the night comming to London, they entred 
 Aeldgate, and placing gardians or keepers of the gates, they 
 disposed of all thinges in the Citie at their pleasure. They Ranulpli 
 spoyled the Friers houses, and searched their Coffers, which ^ogsliall- 
 being done, Robert Fitzwater, Giffrey Magnauile Earle of 
 
30 
 
 Gates of this Citie 
 
 Aldgate new 
 builded. 
 
 William 
 Duntlionie. 
 
 Thomas lord 
 Fawconbridgt 
 set vpon 
 Aldgate, 
 
 Suburbs 
 burnt. 
 
 Page 31 
 
 Rebels wan 
 the bulwarkes 
 of Aldgate. 
 
 Lieutenant of 
 the Tower 
 assisted the 
 Citizens 
 against the 
 Rebels. 
 
 Essex, and the Earle of Glocester, chiefe leaders of the armie, 
 applied all diligence to repaire the Gates and walles of this 
 Citie, with the stones taken from the Jewes broken houses, 
 namely, Aeldgate being then most ruinous, (which had giuen 
 them an easie entrie) they repayred, or rather newly builded 
 after the manner of the Normans, strongly arched, with bul- 
 warks of stone brought from Cane in Normandie, and small 
 Bricke called Flanders Tile was brought from thence, such as 
 hath beene here vsed since the Conquest, and not before. 
 
 In the yeare 1471. the xi. of Edward the 4. Thomas the 
 bastard Fawconbridge, hauing assembled a riotous companie of 
 shipmen and other, in Essex, and Kent, came to London with 
 a great nauie of ships, neare to the Tower, whereupon the 
 Maior and Aldermen, by consent of a common Councell, forti- 
 fied all along the Thames side, from Baynards castell to the 
 Tower with armed men, & Gunnes, other instruments of war, 
 to resist the inuasion of the Mariners, whereby the Thames 
 side was safely preserued and kept, by the Aldermen and 
 other Citizens, that assembled thither in great numbers. 
 Whereupon the Rebels being denied passage through the 
 Citie that way, set vpon Aeldgate, Bishopsgate, Creplegate, 
 Aeldersgate, Londoiibridge, and along the Riuer of Thames, 
 shooting arrowes and Gunnes into the Citie, fiered the suburbs, 
 and burnt more than threescore houses. And further, on 
 Sunday the eleuenth of May, fiue thousand of them | assault- 
 ing Aeldgate, wan the Bulwarkes, and entered the Citie, but 
 the Porteclose being letten downe, such as had entered were 
 slaine, and Robert Basset Alderman of Aeldgate ward, with 
 the Recorder, commaunded in the name of God to drawe vp 
 the Porteclose, which being done, they issued out, and with 
 sharpe shot and fierce fight, put their enemies backe so farre 
 as S. Bottolphs Church, by which time the Earle Riuers, and 
 the Lieutenant of the Tower was come, with a fresh companie, 
 which ioyning together discomfited the Rebels, and put them 
 to flight, whom the saide Robert Bassett, with the other Citi- 
 zens, chased to the Miles ende, and from thence, some to 
 Poplar ^, some to Stratford, slue many, and tooke many of 
 them prisoners. In which space the Bastard hauing assayed 
 ^ Poplar] Popular 160J, 1633. 
 
Gates of this Citie 31 
 
 other places vpon the water side, and little preuailed, fled 
 toward his ships : thus much for Aeldgate. 
 
 Bishopsgate. 
 1 HE third and next toward the North, is called Bishopsgate, Bishopsgate. 
 for that (as it may be supposed) the same was first builded by 
 some Bishop of London, though now vnknowne, when, or by 
 whom : but true it is, that this gate was first builded for ease 
 of passengers towarde the East, and by North, as into Nor- 
 ffolke, Suffolke, Cambridgeshire, &c. The trauellers into 
 which partes before the building of this gate, were forced, 
 passing out at Aeldgate, to goe East till they came to the 
 Miles ende, and then turning on the left hand to Blethenhall 
 greene, to Cambridge heath, and so North, or East, and by 
 North, as their iourney lay. If they tooke not this way, 
 by the East out at Aeldgate, they must take their way by the 
 North out at Aeldersgate, through Aeldersgate streete, and 
 Goswelstreete towardes Iseldon, and by a crosse of stone on 
 their right hand, set vp for a marke by the North ende of 
 Golding lane, to turne Eastward through a long streete, vntill 
 this day called Alderstreet, to another crosse, standing, where 
 now a Smiths forge is placed by Sewers ditch Church, and 
 then to turne againe North towardes Totenham, Endfield, 
 Waltham, Ware, &c. The eldest note that I reade of this 
 Bishopsgate, is that William Blund, one of the Shiriffes of Lib. Trinitatc. 
 London, in the yere laio, | solde to Serle Mercer, And William Page 32 
 Almaine, procurators, or Wardens, of London bridge, all his 
 land with the Garden in the Parish of Saint Buttolph without 
 Bishopsgate, betweene the land of Richard Casiarin, towardes 
 the North, and the land of Robert Crispie towards the South, 
 and the high way called Berewards lane on the East, &c. 
 
 Next I reade in a Charter dated the yeare 1235. that Bishopsgate 
 Walter Brune, Citizen of London, and Rosia his wife, hauing q-^^^^^ 
 founded the Priorie or new Hospitall of our blessed Lady, 
 since called Saint Marie Spittle without Bishopsgate, confirmed 
 the same to the honour of God and our blessed Ladie, for 
 Chanons regular. 
 
 Also in the yeare 1 347. Simon Fitzmarie one of the shiriifes Record. 
 of London, the 29. of Henrie the third, founded the Hospitall 
 
32 Gates of this Citie 
 
 of Saint Marie, called Bethlem without Bishopsgate. Thus 
 
 much for antiquitie of this gate. 
 
 Lib. Customs. And DOW foi' repayring the same, I find, that Henrie the 
 
 London. ^^^^ Confirmed to the Marchants of the Haunce, that had an 
 
 house in the Citie called Guildhalla Theutonicorum, certaine 
 
 Liberties and Priuiledges. Edward the first also confirmed 
 
 the same. In the tenth yere of whose raigne, it was found 
 
 that the said Marchants ought of right to repaire the said gate 
 
 called Bishopsgate. Whereupon Gerard Marbod, Alderman 
 
 of the Haunce and other, then remaining in the Citie of 
 
 London : for themselues, and all others Marchants of the said 
 
 Haunce, graunted aio. Markes sterling to the Maior and 
 
 Bishopsgate Citizens. And couenanted that they and their successors 
 
 thel^archants ^hould from time to time repaire the same gate. This gate 
 
 of the Haunce. was againe beautifully builded in the yeare 1479. i" the 
 
 wasbuiided. raigne of Edwarde the fourth, by the saide Haunce Mar- 
 
 chaunts. 
 
 Bishopsgate Moreouer, about the yeare 1551. these Haunce Marchants 
 
 promded to hauing prepared stone for that purpose, caused a new gate to 
 
 new builded. bee framed, there to haue beene set vp, but then their liberties 
 
 through sute of our English Marchantes, were seazed into the 
 
 Kings hande, and so that worke was stayed, and the olde Gate 
 
 yet remaineth. | 
 
 Pagc3s Posterne of Moregate. 
 
 Postern called XOUCHING the next Posterne, called Moregate, I findethat 
 Mooregate. Tfiomas Falconer Maior about the yeare 1415. the thirde of 
 Henry the fift, caused the wall of the Cittie to bee broken 
 neare vnto Colemanstreete, and there builded a Posterne, now 
 called Moregate, vpon the Moore side where was neuer gate 
 before. This gate he made for ease of the Cittizens, that way 
 to pass vpon causeys into the fielde for their recreation : For 
 the same field was at that time a Marrish. This Posterne was 
 reedified by William Hampton Fishmonger, Mayor, in the 
 yeare 1473. In the yeare also 1511- the third oi Henry \h^ 
 eight, Roger Achely Mayor caused Dikes and Bridges to bee 
 made, and the ground to bee leuiled, and made more com- 
 modious for passage, since which time the same hath beene 
 heighthened. So much that the Ditches and Bridges are 
 
Gates of this Citie 33 
 
 couered, and seemeth to me that if it be made leuell with the 
 Battlements of the Cittie Wall, yet will it bee little the dryer, 
 such is the Moorish nature of that ground. 
 
 Posterne of Cripplegate. 
 
 1 HE next is the Posterne of Cripplegate, so called long before Postem of 
 the Conquest. For I reade in the historic of Edmond kine of ^vP'??''"?- 
 
 , _ . ° Abbo Hona- 
 
 the iLast Angles, written by Abbo Floriacensis, and by Bur- censis. Bur- 
 
 chard somtime Secretarie to Off a king of Marcia, but since '^''''"^^' 
 
 by lohn Lidgate Monke of Bery, that in the yeare loio. the 
 
 Danes spoihng the kingdome of the East Angles, Ahvyne 
 
 Bishoppe of Helmeham, caused the body of king Edmond the 
 
 Martyre to bee brought from Bedrisworth, (now called Bury 
 
 Saint Edmondes,) through the kingdome of the East Saxons, 
 
 and so to London in at Cripplegate, a place sayeth mine Author 
 
 so called of Criples begging there : at which gate, (it was said) 
 
 the body entering, miracles were wrought, as some of the 
 
 Lame to goe vpright, praysing God. The Body of King 
 
 Edmond rested for the space of three yeares in the Parrish 
 
 Church of Saint Gregorie, \ neare vnto the Cathedrall Church Page 34 
 
 of S. Paule. Moreouer the Charter of William the Conqueror, 
 
 confirming the foundation of the Colledge in London, called 
 
 S. Martin the greate, hath these wordes. / doe giue «;?«? Lib. s. Bar- 
 
 graunt to the same Church and Canons, seruing God therein, t'^°l°™sw' 
 
 All the land and the Moore, without the Posterne, which is 
 
 called Cripplegate, on eyther part of the Posterne. More, 
 
 I reade that Alfune builded the parish Church of S. Giles, 
 
 nigh a gate of the Citie, called Porta contractorum, or Criples- 
 
 gate, about the yeare 1090. 
 
 This Posterne was sometime a prison, whereunto such Citi- Cripplegate a 
 zens and others, as were arrested for debt, or common tres- ^respassors. 
 passes, were committed, as they be now to the Compters, 
 which thing appeareth by a writte of Edward the first in 
 these wordes: Rex vie. London, salutem: ex graui querela B. Record. 
 capt. & detent, in prisona nostra de Criples gate pro x.l. quas 
 coram Radulpho de Sandwico tunc custod. Ciuitatis nostrcB 
 London & I. de Blackwell ciuis recognit. debit. &c. This gate Criplesgate 
 was new builded by the Brewers of London, in the yeare, 1344. °^^ '^"'^'^^'^- 
 
34 Gates of this Citie 
 
 as sayth Fabians Manuscript. Edmond Shaw Goldsmith, 
 Maior, in the year 1483. at his decease appoynted by his 
 testament his executors, with the cost of 400. Markes, and the 
 stuffe of the old gate, called Cripplesgate, to build the same 
 gate of new, which was performed and done, in the yeare 
 1491- 
 
 Aldersgate. 
 
 ^idersgate. T HE next is ^Idresgate, or Aldersgate, so called not of 
 Aldrich, or of Elders, that is to say, auncient men, builders 
 thereof, nor of Eldarne trees, growing there more aboundantly 
 
 In a booke then in other places, as some haue fabuled, but for the very 
 
 the cat ^^^"^ antiquity of the gate it self, as beeing one of the first 4 gates 
 of the city, & seruing for the Northerne parts, as Aldegate for 
 the East, which two gates being both old gates, are for differ- 
 ence sake called, the one Ealdegate, and the other Aldersgate. 
 This is the 4. principall gate, and hath at sundry times beene 
 increased with buildinges, namely on the south or innerside, 
 a great frame of timber hath beene added and set vp, con- 
 
 Page^s tayning diuers large roomes, and lod|gings: also on the East 
 
 side, is the addition of one great building of Timber, with one 
 large floore paued with stone, or tile, and a Well therein 
 curbed with stone, of a great depth, and rising into the said 
 roome, two stories high from the ground : which Well is the 
 onely peculiar note belonging to that gate, for I haue not 
 scene the like in all this Citie, to be raysed so high. lohn 
 Day Stationer, a late famous Printer of many good books, in 
 our time dwelled in this gate, and builded much vpon the 
 wall of the Citie towards the Parish Church of S. Anne. 
 
 Posterne out of Christs hospitall. 
 
 Aposterneout 1 HEN is there also a Posterne gate, made out of the wall 
 Hospital!. on the North side of the late dissolued cloyster of Friers 
 minors, commonly of their habit called Gray friers, now 
 Christs Church, and Hospitall. This Posterne was made in 
 the first yeare of Edward the sixt, to passe from the said 
 Hospitall of Christs Church, vnto the Hospitall of S. Bartlejnew 
 in Smithfield. 
 
Gates of this Citie 35 
 
 Newgate. 
 
 The next gate on the West, and by North, is termed New- Newgate. 
 gate, as latelier builded then the rest, and is the fift principall 
 gate. This gate was first erected about the raigne of Henrie 
 the first, or of king Stephen, vpon this occasion. The Cathe- 
 drall Church of saint Paule, being burnt about the yeare powles church 
 ic86, in the raigne of William the Conquerour, Ma{u)ritius '" London 
 then Bishop of London, repayred not the olde Church, as "^^ 
 some haue supposed, but began the foundation of a new worke, 
 such as men then iudged would neuer haue beene performed, 
 it was to them so wonderful! for height, length, and breadth, 
 as also in respect it was raysed vpon Arches or vaults, a kind 
 of workmanship brought in by the Normans, and neuer knowne 
 to the Artificers of this land before that time, &c. After 
 Mauritius, Richard Beamore did wonderfully aduaunce the 
 worke of the said Church, purchasing the large streetes, and 
 lanes round about, wherein were wont to dwell many lay 
 people, which grounds he began to compasse about with a j 
 strong wall of stone, and gates. By meanes of this increase Page }6 
 of the Church territorie, but more by inclosing of ground for 
 so large a cemitorie, or churchyard : the high and large street 
 stretching from Aldegate in the East, vntill Ludgate in the 
 West, was in this place so crossed and stopped vp, that the 
 cariage through the citie westward, was forced to passe without 
 the said churchyard wall on the North side, through Pater 
 noster row : and then South downe ^4?/^ Mary lane, and againe 
 West through Bowyer row to Ludgate : or else out of Cheepe, 
 or Watheling streete to turne south, through the old Exchange, 
 then west through Carter lane : againe north vp Creede lane, 
 and then west to Ludgate. Which passage, by reason of so 
 often turning, was very combersome, and daungerous both for 
 horse and man. For remedie whereof a new gate was made, Newgate first 
 and so called, by which men and cattell, with all manner of ^j^^' ^^^^g*°, 
 carriages might passe more directly (as afore) from Aldegate, 
 through west Cheepe by Panics, on the North side, through 
 saint Nicholas shambles, and Newgate market to Newgate, & 
 from thence to any part westward ouer Oldborne bridge, or 
 turning without the gate into Smithfielde, and through 
 
 D a 
 
36 
 
 Gates of this Citie 
 
 Close role. 
 
 Newgate a 
 
 iayle or prison 
 
 house. 
 
 The king re- 
 
 payred it. 
 
 Page}-] 
 
 The Shiriffes 
 of London 
 prisoners in 
 the Tower 
 for escape of 
 a prisoner out 
 of Newgate. 
 
 The Kinges 
 Chancellor 
 prisoner in 
 Newgate. 
 
 Iseldon to any part North and by West. This gate hath of 
 long time beene a Gaile, or prison for fellons and trespassers, 
 as appeareth by Records in the raigne of king lohn, and of 
 other kings, amongest the which I find one testifying that in 
 the yeare iai8. the third of king Henrie the third, the king 
 writeth vnto the shiriffes of London, commaunding them to 
 repayre the Gaile of Newgate, for the safe keeping of his 
 prisoners, promising that the charges layd out should be 
 allowed vnto them vpon their accompt in the Exchequer. 
 
 Moreouer in the yeare 1341. the Jewes of Norwich were 
 hanged for circumcising a Christian child, their house called 
 the Thor was pulled downe and destroyed. Aron the sonne 
 of Abraham a Jew, at London, and the other Jewes, were 
 constrayned to pay twentie thousand markes at two termes 
 in the yeare, or else to be kept perpetuall prisoners in New- 
 gate of London, and in other prisons. 1355. King Henrie the 
 third lodging in the Tower of London, vpon displeasure con- 
 ceyued towards the citie of London, for the escape of lohn 
 Off rem a prisoner beeing a Clearke | conuict, out of Newgate, 
 which had killed a Prior that was of alliance to the king, as 
 coosen to the Queene : he sent for the Maior and shiriffes to 
 come before him, to answere the matter : the Maior layd the 
 fault from him to the shiriffes, forsomuch as to them belonged 
 the keeping of all prisoners within the citie, and so the Maior 
 returned home, but the shiriffes remayned there prisoners, by 
 the space of a Moneth and more, and yet they excused them- 
 selues in that the fault chiefly rested in the Bishops officers : 
 for whereas the prisoner was vnder custodie, they at his re- 
 quest had graunted licence to imprison the offender within the 
 Gaile of Newgate, but so as the Bishops Officers were charged 
 to see him safely kept. The king notwithstanding all this, 
 demaunded of the citie 3000. Markes for a fine. 
 
 In the yeare 1326. Robert Baldoke the kings Chancellor was 
 put in Newgate, the third of Edward the 3. In the yeare, 
 1337. sir lohn Poultrtey gaue foure Markes by the yeare, to the 
 reliefe of prisoners in Newgate. In the yeare 1385. William 
 Walworth gaue somewhat to relieue the prisoners in Newgate, 
 so haue many others since. In the yeare 1414. the Gaylers 
 of Newgate & Ludgate died, and prisoners in Newgate to the 
 
Gates of this Citie 37 
 
 number of 64. In the yere 141 8. the person of Wrotham in Prisoners in 
 Kent was imprisoned in Newgate. The yeare 1433. the first Ln*g^af/a^"ed 
 of Henrie 6. licence was granted to lohn Couentre, lenken Car- 
 penter, and William, Groue, executors to Richard vuhittington, 
 to reedifie the Gaile of Newgate, which they did with his 
 goods. 
 
 Thomas Knozvles Grocer, sometime Maior of London, by Newgate new 
 licence of Reynold Prior of saint Bartholomews in Smithfield, '""^'^^''• 
 and also of lohn wakering, maister of the Hospitall of saint 
 Bartholomew, and his brethren, conueyed the waste of water Water con- 
 at the Cesterne nere to the common fountaine, and Chappell gaCl^d'^'"' 
 of saint Nicholas (situate by the saide Hospitall) to the Gailes Ludgate. 
 of Newgate, and Ludgate, for the reliefe of the prisoners. 
 Tuesday next after Palme sunday, 1431. all the prisoners of 
 Ludgate were remooued into Newgate by Walter Chartesey, Prisoners of 
 and Robert Large, shirififes of London. And on the 13. of ^"^f^'^J^' 
 Aprill, the same shirififes (through the false suggestion of lohn Newgate. 
 Kingesell Gailer of Newgate) set from thence eighteene per- 
 sons free men, and these | were led to the Compters pinioned PagejS 
 as if they had been fellons, but on the xvi. of June, Ludgate 
 was againe appoynted for free men prisoners for debt, and the 
 same day the sayd free men entered by ordinance of the 
 Maior, Aldermen and Commons, and by them Henrie Deane 
 tayler was made keeper of Ludgate prison. In the yeare 
 1457. a great fray was in the North country, betweene sir 
 Thomas Percie Lord Egremond, and the Earle of Salisburies L. Egremonde 
 sonnes, whereby many were maymed and slaine ; but in the pri°on out'o/ 
 end the Lord Egremond being taken, was by the kings coun- Newgate. 
 sell found in great default, and therefore condemned in great 
 summes of money, to be payed to the Earl of Salisburie, and 
 in the mean time committed to Newgate. Not long after sir 
 Thomas Percie Lord Egremond, and sir Richard Percie his 
 brother beeing in Newgate, brake out of prison by night, and 
 went to the king, the other prisoners tooke the Leades of the 
 gate, and defended it a long while against the shirififes, and all 
 their Ofificers, insomuch that they were forced to call more 
 aide of the Citizens, whereby they lastly subdued them, and 
 laid them in irons : and this may sufiSce for Newgate. 
 
38 
 
 Gates of this Citie 
 
 Ludgate 
 
 Ludgate. IN the West is the next, and sixt principal gate, and is called 
 Ltidgate, as first builded (saith Geffrey Monmouth) by king 
 Ltid a Briton, about the yeare before Christs natiuitie 66. Of 
 which building, and also of the name, as Ludsgate, or Fludsgate, 
 hath beene of late some question among the learned, where- 
 fore I ouerpasse it, as not to my purpose, onely referring the 
 reader to that I haue before written out of CcBsars Commen- 
 taries, and other Romaine writers, concerning a towne or 
 Citie amongst the Britaines. This gate I suppose to be one 
 of the most auncient : and as Aldgate was builded for the 
 East, so was this Luds gate for the West. I reade, as I tolde 
 you, that in the yeare 12 15. the 17. of king lohn, the Bai'ons of 
 the Realme, being in armes against the king, entred this Citie, 
 and spoyled the Jewes houses, which being done, Robert Fits- 
 water, and Geffrey de Magna villa, Earle of Essex, and the 
 Earle of Gloucester, chiefe leaders | of the Armie, applied all 
 diligence to repayre the gates and wals of this Citie, with the 
 stones of the Jewes broken houses, especially (as it seemeth) 
 they then repayred or rather new builded Ludgate. For in 
 the yeare 1586, when the same gate was taken downe, to bee 
 newe buylded, there was founde couched within the wall 
 thereof, a stone taken from one of the Jewes houses, wherein 
 was grauen in Hebrewe caracters, these wordes following. 
 nnv?! Pin na nnh y\ asD in. Hcec est statio rabbi Mosis filii 
 insignis Rabbi Isaac : which is to say, this is the Station or 
 ward of Rabbi Moysis, the sonne of the honourable Rabbi 
 Isaac, and had beene fixed vpon the front of one of the Jewes 
 houses as a note, or signe that such a one dwelled there. In 
 the yeare 1 26c. this Ludgate was repayred and beautified with 
 
 Patent. Images of Lud, and other Kings, as appeareth by letters 
 
 pattents, of licence giuen to the Citizens of London, to take 
 vp stone for that purpose, dated the 45. of Henrie the third. 
 These Images of Kings in the raigne of Edward the sixt had 
 their heades smitten ofT, and were otherwise defaced by such 
 as iudged euery Image to be an Idoll, and in the raigne of 
 Oueene Marie were repayred, as by setting new heades on 
 
 Roger of 
 Wendouer. 
 Mathew Paris. 
 
 Page S9 
 
 Ludgate new 
 builded. 
 
 Jewes houses 
 spoyled. 
 
Gates of this Citie 39 
 
 their olde bodies, &c. All which so remayned vntill the yeare 
 
 1586. The a8. of Queene Elizabeth, [when] the same gate Ludgate again 
 
 being sore decayed, was cleane taken downe, the prisoners in "^^ ''"'''^'='^- 
 
 the meane time remaining in the large Southeast quadrant to 
 
 the same gate adioyning, and the same yere the whole gate 
 
 was newly and beautifully builded, with the Images of Z?/rf, largfdin'the 
 
 and others, as afore, on the East side, and the picture of her i^^igne of H. 
 
 . '^ the sixt. 
 
 Maiestie, Queene Elizabeth on the West side. All which was 
 
 done at the common charges of the Citizens, amounting to 
 
 1500. poundes or more. 
 
 This gate was made a free prisone in the yeare 1378. the Ludgatcafree 
 first of Richard the second, Nicholas Brembar being Maior. Record, 
 The same was confirmed in the yeare 1383. lohn Northampton ^"'^^^ '^^'^• 
 being Maior, by a common Councell in the Guild hall : by 
 which it was ordained, that all freemen of this citie, should for 
 debt, trespasses, accounts, & contempts, be imprisoned in 
 Ludgate, and for treasons, fellonies, & other criminall 
 offences committed to Newgate, &c. In the yeare 1439, the 
 tenth of king Henrie the sixt, | lohn Wels being Maior, a court Page 40 
 of common Councell established ordinances, (as William 
 Standon, and Robert Chicheley, late Maiors before had done) 
 touching the guard and gouernment of Lttdgate, and other 
 prisons. 
 
 Also in the yeare 1463, the third of Edivard the fourth, 
 Matheiv Philip, being Maior, in a common Councell, at the 
 request of the well disposed, blessed, and deuout woman 
 Dame Agnes Forster, widow, late wife to Stephen Forster Fish- 
 monger, sometime Maior, for the comfort and reliefe of all the 
 poore prisoners, certain Articles were established. Imprimis, 
 that the new workes then late edified by the same Dame 
 Agnes, for the enlarging of the prison of Ludgate, from thence- 
 forth should be had and taken, as a part and parcell of the 
 said prison oi Ludgate, so that both the old and new worke of 
 Ludgate aforesaid, be one prison, gailekeeping, and charge 
 for euermore. 
 
 The said quadrant strongly builded of stone, by the before 
 named Stephen Forster, and Agnes his wife, containeth a large 
 walking place by ground of 38. foot,& halfe in length, besides 
 the thicknesse of the walles, which are at the least sixe foote, 
 
40 
 
 Gates of this Citie 
 
 Ludgate. 
 
 Page 41 
 
 A breach in 
 the wal again. 
 Bridewell. 
 
 watergates. 
 
 Blacke Frj'ers 
 stayers. 
 Puddle wharf. 
 
 makes all togither 44 foote and a halfe, the bredth within the 
 walles is 39. foote and a halfe, so that the thicknesse of the 
 walles maketh it 35. foote and a halfe in bredth. The like 
 roome it hath ouer it for lodgings, and ouer it againe faire 
 Leades to vvalke vpon well imbattailed, all for fresh ayre, and 
 ease of prisoners, to the ende they should haue lodging, and 
 water free without charge, as by certaine verses grauven in 
 Copper, and fixed on the saide quadrant, I haue read in 
 forme following. 
 
 Deuoiit sotdes that passe this way, 
 
 for Stephen Forster late Maior, heartily fray. 
 And Dame Agues his spouse., to God consecrate, 
 
 that of pitie this house made for Londoners in Lud- 
 gate, 
 So that for lodging and water prisoners here nought 
 pay, 
 as their keepers shal all answere at dreadfid doomes 
 day. 
 
 This place, and one other of his Armes, three broad Arrow 
 heades, taken downe with the old gate, I caused to be fixed 
 ouer I the entrie of the said Quadrant, but the verses being 
 vnhappily turned inward to the wall, procured the like in 
 effect to be grauen outward in prose, declaring him to be 
 a Fishmonger, because some vpon a light occasion (as a 
 maidens heade in a glasse window) had fabled him to bee 
 a Mercer, and to haue begged there at Ludgate, &c. Thus 
 much for Ludgate. 
 
 Next this, is there a breach in the wall of the Citie, and 
 a bridge of timber ouer the Fleet dike, betwixt Fleetebridge 
 and Thames directly ouer against the house of Bridewel. 
 Thus much for gates in the wall. 
 
 Water gates on the bankes of the Riuer Thames haue beene 
 many, which beeing purchased by priuate men, are also put 
 to priuate vse, and the olde names of them forgotten, but of 
 such as remaine, from the West, towards the East, may be 
 sayde as followeth. 
 
 The Blacke Friers stayres, a free landing place. 
 
 Then a water gate at Puddle wharfe, of one Puddle that 
 
Gates of this Citie 41 
 
 kept a wharfe on the West side thereof, and now of Puddle 
 water, by meanes of many horses watred there. 
 
 Then Powles wharfe, also a free landing place with staires, Powles wharf. 
 &c. 
 
 Then broken wharfe, and other such like. Broken wharf. 
 
 But Ripa Reginx, the Queenes Banke, or Queene Hithe, Queen Hith. 
 may well be accounted the verie chiefe and principall water- 
 gate of this citie, being a common strand or landing place, 
 yet equall with, and of olde time farre exceeding Belins gate, 
 as shall be shewed in the warde of Queene Hithe. 
 
 The next is Downe gate, so called of the sodaine descending, 
 or downe going of that way from Saint lohns Church vpon 
 Walbrooke vnto the riuer of Thames, wherby the water in 
 the chanell there hath such a swift course, that in the yere 
 1574. on the fourth of September, after a strong shower of 
 raine, a lad of the age of xviii. yeares, minding to haue leapt A lad of i8 
 ouer the channell, was taken by the feete, and borne downe drowned in a 
 with the violence of that narrowe streame, and caried toward Channel! at 
 
 Downgate. 
 
 the Thames with such a violent swiftnesse, as no man could 
 rescue or stay him, till hee came against a Cart wheele, that 
 stoode in the watergate, before which time hee was drowned 
 and Starke dead. | 
 
 This was sometime a large water gate, frequented of ships. Page 42 
 and other vessels, like as the Queene Hith, and was a part 
 thereof, as doth appeare by an inquisition made in the 28. 
 yeare of Henry the third, wherein was found, that aswell 
 come as fish and all other thinges comming to the Port of 
 Downegate, were to bee ordered after the customs of the 
 Queenes Hith, for the kings vse, as also that the corne 
 arriuing between the gate of the Guild hall of the marchants Marchantes of 
 of Cullett : the (Styleyeard) which is East from Downegate, J^^^^d"^^-; 
 
 and the house then pertayning to the Archbishoppe of come betwixte 
 . :; , r> 1 I J 'heir house & 
 
 Canterbury, west from Baynardes Castle, was to be measured the black- 
 by the measure, and measurer of the Queenes soke, orfryeis- 
 Queene Hith. I reade also in the 19. oi Edward the. thirde, 
 that customs were then to be paid for ships & other vessels 
 resting at Downegate, as if they roade at Queene Hith, and 
 as they now doe at Belingsgate. And thus much for Downe- 
 gate may suffice. 
 
42 
 
 Gates of this Citie 
 
 Wolfes gate in 
 the Ropary. 
 Lib. Home. 
 Lib. S. Albani. 
 
 Ebdgate. 
 Lib. trinitate. 
 Lib. S. Albani. 
 Record E. 3. 
 
 Oystergate. 
 
 Bridge Gate. 
 
 Page 4} 
 
 W. Dunthorn. 
 gate at the 
 bridge foote 
 burned. 
 
 Buttolphs 
 gate. 
 
 The next was called Wolfes gate in the roparie in the 
 Parrish of Alhallowes the lesse, of later time called Wolfes 
 lane, but now out of vse : for the lower part was builded on 
 by the Earle of Shrewsburie, and the other part was stopped 
 vp and builded on by the Chamberlaine of L ondon. 
 
 The next is Ebdgate, a Watergate, so called of old time, as 
 appeareth by diuers records of tenements neare vnto the same 
 adioyning. It standeth neare vnto the church of S. Laurence 
 Pountney, but is within the parish of S. Marten Ordegare. 
 In place of this gate, is now a narrow passage to the Thames, 
 and is called Ebgate lane, but more commonly the Old 
 Swanne. 
 
 Then is there a water gate at the Bridge foote, called 
 Oyster gate, of Oysters that were there of old time, commonly 
 to be sold, and was the chiefest market for them, and for 
 other shell fishes. There standeth now an engine or forcier, 
 for the winding vppe of water to serue the cittie, whereof 
 I haue already spoken. 
 
 Bridge Gate. 
 
 1 HE next is the Bridge gate, so called of London Bridge, 
 whereon it standeth : This was one of the foure first and 
 principall gates of the cittie, long before the conquest, when 
 there | stoode a Bridge of timber, and is the seuenth and last 
 principall gate mentioned by W. Fitzstephen, which Gate 
 being newe made, when the Bridge was builded of stone, hath 
 beene often times since repayred. This gate with the Tower 
 vpon it, in the yeare 1436. fell down, and two of the farthest 
 Arches Southwardes also fell therewith, and no man perished 
 or was hurte therewith. To the repayring whereof, diuers 
 wealthy Citizens gaue large summes of money, namely Robert 
 Large sometime Maior 100. Markes, Stephen Forster 20 1. Sir 
 lohn Crosbye Alderman 100 1. &c. But in the yeare 1471. the 
 Kentish Marriners vnder the conduct of Bastard Fauconbridge 
 burned the said Gate, and xiii. houses on the Bridge, besides 
 the Beere houses at Saint Katherines, and many other in the 
 Suburbes. 
 
 The next is Buttolphes gate, so called of the parrish 
 Church of S. Buttolph neare adioyning. This gate was 
 
Gates of this Citie 43 
 
 sometime giuen or confirmed by William Conqueror to the 
 Monkes of Westminster in these wordes : " W. rex Anglix, Sr^c. 
 William King of England, sendeth greeting to the Shiriffes 
 and all his Ministers, as also to al his louing subiectes, French 
 and English of London : Know ye that I haue granted to God 
 and 5. Peter of Wistminster & to the Abbot Vitalis, the 
 gift which Almimdus of the port of S. Biittolph gave them, 
 when he was there made Monke : that is to say, his Lords 
 Court with the houses, & one Wharfe, which is at the head of 
 London bridge, and all other his lands which hee had in the 
 same Cittie, in such sort as King Edward more beneficially, 
 and amply granted the same : and I will and command that 
 they shall enioy the same well and quietly and honourably 
 with sake and soke." &c. 
 
 The next is Bellinsgate, vsed as an especiall Porte, or Belinsgate. 
 Harborow, for small shippes and boates comming thereto, 
 and is now most frequented, the Queenes Hith being almost 
 forsaken. How this Gate tooke that name, or of what 
 antiquity the same is, I must leaue vncertaine, as not hauing 
 read any ancient recorde thereof, more than that Geffrey Geffrey of 
 Monmouth writeth, that Belin a king of the Britans, about °°™°" • 
 400. yeares before Christes natiuity builded this Gate, and 
 named it Belins gate, after his owne | calling : and that when Pcige 44 
 he was dead, his bodie being burned, the ashes in a vessell of 
 Brasse, were set vpon a high pinacle of stone ouer the same 
 Gate. But Cmsar and other Romane writers affirme of 
 Citties, walles, and gates, as yee haue before heard, and 
 therefore it seemeth to me not to be so auncient, but rather 
 to haue taken that name of some later owner of the place, 
 happily named Beling, or Biling, as Somars key. Smarts key, 
 Frosh wharfe, and others thereby tooke there names of their 
 owners : of this gate more shall be said when we come to 
 Belins gate ward. 
 
 Then haue you a water gate, on the west side of Wooll watergate by 
 wharf, or Customers key, which is commonly called the house. 
 Water gate, at the south end of Water lane. 
 
 One other water gate there is by the bulwarke of the watergate by 
 Tower, and this is the last and farthest water gate East- "'^ '^°"'"- 
 warde, on the Riuer of Thames, so farre as the Citie of 
 
44 Gates of this Citie 
 
 London extendeth within tlie walles : both which last named 
 
 water gates bee within the Tower ward. 
 
 wharfesand Besides these common Water gates, were diuerse priuate 
 
 ^^^^' wharfes and Keyes, all along from the East to the West of 
 
 this Citie, on the banke of the Riuer of Thames : Marchants 
 
 of all nations had landing places, Warehouses, Cellers, and 
 
 stowage of their goods and Marchandises, as partly shall 
 
 bee touched in the wardes adioyning to the said Riuer : now 
 
 for the ordering and keeping these gates of this Citie in the 
 
 night time, it was appoynted in the yere of Christ, 1258. by 
 
 Henrie the 3. the 43. of his raigne, that the Ports of Eng- 
 
 Mathew Paris, land should be Strongly kept, and that the gates of London 
 
 London to be should bee new repayred, and diligently kept in the night, 
 
 kept and for feare of French deceytes, whereof one writeth these verses. 
 
 watcht. ^ ' 
 
 Per noctem portae claudunttir Londoniarum, 
 Moenia ne forte fraiis frangat Francigenariim. \ 
 
 Page 45 Of Towers and Castels. 
 
 The Tower of 1 HE Citie of London (saith Fitzstephen) hath in the East 
 °° °°' a verie great and a most strong Palatine Tower, vohose turrets 
 
 and walles doe rise from a deepe foundation, the morter therof 
 being tempered with the bloud of beasts. In the west part are 
 two most strong Castels, &c. To begin therefore with the 
 most famous Tower of London, situate in the East, neare 
 vnto the riuer of Thames, it hath beene the common opinion : 
 and some haue written (but of none assured ground) that 
 hdius Ccesar, the first conquerour of the Brytains, was the 
 originall Authour and founder aswell thereof, as also of many 
 other Towers, Castels, and great buildings within this Realme : 
 
 In my annales. but (as I haue alreadie before noted) Casar remained not here 
 so long, nor had hee in his head any such matter, but onely to 
 dispatch a conquest of this barbarous Countrey, and to pro- 
 ceede to greater matters. Neither do the Romane writers 
 make mention of any such buildings erected by him here. 
 And therefore leaning this, and proceeding to more grounded 
 
Towers and Castels 45 
 
 authoritie, I find in a fayre Register booke containing the acts 
 of the Bishops of Rochester, set downe by Edniond de Haden- 
 ham, that Williavt the first, sumamed Conquerour, builded 
 the Tower of London, to wit, the great white and square Tower of Lon- 
 Tower there, about the yeare of Christ 1078. appoynting ty^viiiiam 
 Gnndulph, then Bishop of Rocliester, to bee principal! surueyer Conqueror, 
 and ouerseer of that worke, who was for that time lodged in ^hite Tower. 
 the house of Edmere a Burgesse of London, the very wordes 
 of which mine Authour are these : Giindtdphtis Episcopus man- 
 dato Willielmi Regis mag^ii prxftiit operi magnse Turris 
 London, quo tempore hospitatus est apud quendam Edmerum 
 Burgensem London, qid dedit vnum were Ecclesix Rofen. 
 
 Ye haue before heard, that the wall of this Citie was all 
 round about furnished with Towers and Bulwarke, in due dis- 
 tance euery one from other, and also that the Riuer Thames, 
 with his ebbing and flowing, on the South side, had subuerted 
 the said wall, | and towers there. Wherefore king William, Page 46 
 for defence of this Citie, in place most daungerous, and open 
 to the enemie, hauing taken downe the second Bulwarke in 
 the east part of the wall, from the Thames builded this Tower, 
 which was the great square Tower, now called the white 
 tower, and hath beene since at diuerse times enlarged with 
 other buildings adioyning, as shalbe shewed. This tower was h. Hunting- 
 by tempest of winde, sore shaken in the yeare 1090. the fourth ^"'j^j^i^^gg 
 of William Rufus, and was againe by the sayd Rufiis, and Mathew Paris. 
 Henrie the first repayred. They also caused a Castell to be cfstk byAe" 
 builded vnder the said tower, namely, on the South side Tower 
 towards the Thames, and also incastelated the same round 
 about. 
 
 Henrie Huntington libro sexto, hath these words. William 
 Rufus challenged the inuesture of Prelates, he pilled andshatted 
 the people with tribute, especially to spend about the Tower -of 
 London, and the great hall at Westminster. 
 
 Othowertis, Acolinillus, Otto, and Geffrey Magnauille Earle First Consta- 
 of Essex, were foure the first Constables of this tower of ^oter.' ^ 
 London, by succession : all which helde by force a portion of 
 lande (that pertained to the Priory of the holy Trinitie within 
 Aldgate) that is to say, Eastsmithfield, neare vnto the tower, Eastsmlthfield 
 making thereof a Vineyard, and would not depart from it, till ^ ^'"^y^^"' ^- 
 
46 Towers and Castels 
 
 the seconde yeare of king Stephen, when the same was adiudged 
 Ex charta. and restored to the church. This said Geffrey Magnauille 
 was earle of Essex, Constable of the tower, Shiriffe of London, 
 Middlesex, Essex, and Hertfordshires, as appeareth by a 
 Geffrey Charter o{ Mawde the Empresse, dated 11 41. He also forti- 
 
 Magnanille flg^j jhe tower of London agaynst king Stephen, but the king 
 Essex Consta- tooke him in his Court at Saint Albones, and would not deliuer 
 bie of the j^jj^ ^jj[ j^^^ ^^^ rendered the tower of London, with the Castles 
 
 1 ower and 
 
 Shiriffe of of Walden, and Plashey in Essex. In the yeare 1 153, the 
 
 Richard de tower of London, and the Castell of Windsore, were by the, 
 
 Lucia Gustos \dng deliuered to Richard de Lucie, to be safely kept. In the 
 
 yeare 1155, Thomas Becket being Chancelor to Henrie the 
 
 second, caused the Flemings to bee banished out of England, 
 
 their Castels lately builded to be pulled downe, and the tower 
 
 of London to be repayred. 
 
 Roger of About the yeare 11 90, the second of Richard the first, 
 
 TohnBeuer William Longshampe Bishop of Elie, Chancellor of England, 
 
 Page 41 for I cause of dissention betwixt him and Earle lohn the kings 
 
 brother that was rebell, inclosed the tower and Castell of 
 
 The Tower of London, with an outward wall of stone imbattailed, and also 
 
 passed'about caused a deepe ditch to be cast about the same, thinking (as 
 
 with a wall & I haue said before) to haue enuironed it with the Riuer of 
 
 a ditch 
 
 Thames. By the making of this inclosure, and ditch in East 
 
 smithfield : the Church of the holie Trinitie in London, lost 
 
 halfe a marke rent by the yeare, and the Mill was remoued 
 
 that belonged to the poore brethren of the Hospitall of Saint 
 
 S. Katherines Kathevinc, and to the Church of the holy Trinitie aforesaid, 
 
 where now is which was no small losse and discommoditie to either part, 
 
 the Iron gate and the garden which the king had hyred of the brethren for 
 of the Tower. . ^, ^ , r 1 , , 
 
 SIX Marks the yeare, tor the most part was wasted and marred 
 
 by the ditch. Recompence was often promised, but neuer 
 
 performed, vntill king Edzvard comming after, gaue to the 
 
 brethren fiue Markes and a halfe for that part which the ditch 
 
 had deuoured : and the other part thereof without, hee yeelded 
 
 to them againe, which they hold : and of the saide rent of fiue 
 
 Markes and a halfe, they haue a deede, by vertue whereof, 
 
 they are well payed to this day. 
 
 It is also to be noted, and cannot bee denied, but that the 
 
 said inclosure and ditch, tooke the like or greater quantitie of 
 
Towers and Castels 47 
 
 ground from the Citie within the wall, namely one of that part 
 
 called the tower hill, besides breaking downe of the Citie wal, 
 
 from the white tower to the first gate of the Citie, called the 
 
 Posterne, yet haue I not read of any quarell made by the 
 
 Citizens, or recompence demaunded by them for that matter, 
 
 because all was done for good of the Cities defence thereof, 
 
 and to their good likings. But Mathew Paris yNxlt^'Csx, that in Mathew Paris. 
 
 the yeare 1239. King Henrie the third fortified the tower of j^e Tower °^ 
 
 London to an other end, wherefore the Citizens fearing, least buiided. 
 
 that were done to their detriment, complayned, and the king 
 
 answered, that hee had not done it to their hurt, but saith he, 
 
 I will from henceforth doe as my brother doth, in building 
 
 and fortifying castels, who beareth the name to bee wiser than 
 
 I am. It followed in the next yeere, sayth mine Authour, 
 
 the sayd noble buildings of the stone gate and bulwarke, which west gate and 
 
 the king had caused to be made by the tower of London, on the Tower fel 
 
 the west side thereof, was shaken as it had beene with an downe. 
 
 earthquake, and | fell downe, which the king againe com- Page 4S 
 
 maunded to bee buiided in better sort than before, which was ^*!^ and bul- 
 warks againe 
 done, and yet againe in the yere 1347. the said wall and bul- fall down and 
 
 warks that were newly buiided, wherin the king had bestowed "^^^ "' 
 
 more then twelve thousand Marks, were vnrecouerably throwne 
 
 downe, as afore : for the which chance the Citizens of London 
 
 were nothing sorie, for they were threatned that the said wall 
 
 and bulwarkes were buiided, to the end that if any of them 
 
 would contend for the liberties of the Citie, they might be 
 
 imprisoned, & that many might be laid in diuerse prisons, 
 
 many lodgings were made that no one should speake with 
 
 another : thus much Mathew Paris for this building. More 
 
 oi Henrie the third his dealings against the citizens of London, 
 
 we may read in the said Authour, in ia45- 1248. 1249. 1253. 
 
 1255. 1256. &c. But concerning the saide wall and bulwarke, 
 
 the same was finished though not in his time : for I read that 
 
 Edward the first, in the second of his raigne, commaunded 
 
 the Treasurer and Chamberlain of the Exchequer, to deliuer 
 
 out of his Treasurie, vnto Miles of Andwarp, 200. Markes, of 
 
 the fines taken of diuerse Marchants or Usurers of London, 
 
 for so be the words of the Record, towards the worke of the 
 
 ditch then new made, about the said Bulwarke, now called 
 
48 Towers and Castels 
 
 Ditch made the Lion tower. I find also recorded, that Henrie the third 
 wa°ke withont ^" ^^ 4'^- °^ ^^^ raigne, wrote to Edward of Westminster, 
 the west gate commauoding him that he should buy certaine perie plants, 
 H. 3 his ^"d set the same in the place without the tower of London, 
 
 orchard by within the wall of the said Citie, which of late he had caused 
 
 the lower. . , , . , 
 
 to be mclosed with a mud wall, as may appeare by this that 
 
 followeth : the Maior and Communaltie of London were fined 
 
 for throwing downe the said earthen wall against the tower of 
 
 London, the 9. of Edward the second. Edward the fourth in 
 
 place thereof builded a wall of Bricke. But now for the Lion 
 
 Tower, and Lions in Englande the original!, as I haue read, 
 
 was thus. 
 
 First parke in Henrie the first builded his Mannor of Wod.stocke, with 
 
 "^'^^ ■ a Parke, which he walled about with stone, seuen miles in 
 
 compas, destroying for the same diuerse villages, churches & 
 
 chappels, and this was the first Parke in England : hee placed 
 
 therein, besides great store of Deere, diuers straunge beastes 
 
 to be kept and nourished, such as were brought to him from 
 
 Page 4^ farre countries, as Li|ons, Leopards, Linces, Porpentines, and 
 
 Lions in Wod- such Other. More I reade that in the yeare 1235. Fredericke 
 
 stocke parke. the Emperour sent to Henrie the third three Leopards, in 
 
 JLions sent to ^ '■ 
 
 Henrie the 3, token of his regal shield of armes, wherem three Leopards were 
 the* Tow r" pictured, since the which time, those Lions and others haue 
 beene kept in a part of this bulwarke, now called the Lion 
 tower, and their keepers there lodged. King Edward the 
 .second in the twelft of his raigne, commaunded the shiriffes of 
 London to pay to the keepers of the kings Leopard in the 
 tower of London vi. d. the day, for the sustenance of the 
 Leopard, and three halfe pence a day for diet of the said 
 keeper, out of the fee farme of the sayd Citie. 
 
 More, the 16. of Edward the third, one Lion, one Lionesse, 
 
 one Leopard, and two Cattes Lions, in the said tower, were 
 
 committed to the custodie of Robert, the sonne of lohn 
 
 Boivre. 
 
 Edward the 4. Edward the fourth fortified the tower of London, and 
 
 builded Bui- jnclosed with bricke, as is aforesaid, a certaine peece of eround, 
 
 warks without r 1 i- 1 u <■ fa ' 
 
 the Tower, taken out of the Tower hill, west from the Lion tower, now 
 called the bulwarke. His officers also in the 5. of his raigne, 
 set vpon the sayd hill both scaffold, and gallowes, for the 
 
Towers and Castels 49 
 
 execution of offenders, whereupon the Maior, and his brethren 
 complained to the king, and were answered, that the same was 
 not done in derogation of the Cities liberties, & therefore caused 
 proclamation to be made, &c. as shall be shewed in Towerstreete. 
 
 Richard the third repayred and builded in this Tower Richard the 3. 
 
 somewhat. repayred the 
 
 tower. 
 Henrie the 8. in 153a. repayred the white tower, and other White tower 
 parts thereof. In the yeare 1548. the second of Edward the 6. 5P^'"^l''y = 
 
 , ^ ^^ I . , , nenrle the s. 
 
 on the aa. of Nouember m the night, a French man lodged in 
 
 the round bulwarke, betwixt the west gate and the Posterne, 
 
 or drawbridge, called the warders gate, by setting fire on 
 
 a barrel of Gunpowder, blew up the said Bulwarke, burnt A bulwarke of 
 
 himselfe, and no mo persons. This Bulwarke was forthwith ???* '^""'^'^ 
 , ., . . blowne vp. 
 
 againe new bunded. 
 
 And here because I haue by occasion spoken of the west 
 
 gate of this tower, the same, as the most principal, is vsed for 
 
 the receipt, and deliuerie of all kindes of carriages, without Gates and 
 
 the which gate be diuerse bulwarks and gates, turnins: towards Postemes of 
 
 , , . o J o tdg tower. 
 
 the north, &c. Then neare withm this west gate opening 
 to the South, is a strong po|sterne, for passengers, by the/'a^e/o 
 ward house, ouer a draw bridge, let downe for that purpose. 
 Next on the same South side towarde the East, is a large 
 Watergate, for receipt of Boats, and small vessels, partly 
 vnder a stone bridge, from the riuer of Thames. Beyond it 
 is a small Posterne, with a draw bridge, seldome letten downe, 
 but for the receipt of some great persons, prisoners. Then 
 towards the East is a great and strong gate, commonly 
 called the Iron gate, but not vsually opened. And thus 
 much for the foundation, building, and repayring of this 
 tower, with the Gates and Posternes may suffice. And now 
 somewhat of accidents in the same, shall be shewed. 
 
 In the yeare 1196. William Fitzosbert, a Citisen of London Actions of 
 seditiously mouing the common people to seeke libertie, and 
 not to be subiect to the rich, and more mightie, at length 
 was taken and brought before the Archbishop of Canterburie, instices sate in 
 in the tower, where he was by the Judges condemned, and 
 by the heeles drawn thence to the Elmes in Smithfield, and 
 there hanged. 
 
 1214, King lokn wrote to Geffrey Magnauille to deliuer 
 
so 
 
 Toivers and Castels 
 
 Mat. 
 
 pans. 
 
 plees of the 
 
 Patent the 1 6. the tower of London, with the prisoners, armour and all 
 
 mg o n. Q|.]^gj. tiiijjgg found therein, belonging to the king, to William 
 
 Archdeacon of Huntingdon. The yeare iai6. the first of 
 
 Henrie the third, the sayd Tower was deliuered to Lewes of 
 
 France, and the Barons of England. 
 
 In the yeare 1206. Plees of the Crowne were pleaded in the 
 in°the tower? Tower : Likewise in the yeare laao. and likewise in the yeare 
 1224. and again in the yere 1243. before William of Yorke, 
 Richard Passelew, Henry Bathe, lerome of Saxton lusticers. 
 
 In the yeare 1222. the Citizens of London hauing made 
 a tumult against the Abbot of Westminster, Hubert of Burge, 
 chiefe lustice of England, came to the Tower of London, 
 called before him the Maior and Aldermen, of whom he 
 inquired for the principall authors of that sedition : amongest 
 whome one named Constantine Fits Aelulfe auowed, that he 
 was the man, and had done much lesse then he ought to 
 haue done : Whereupon the lustice sent him with two other 
 to Falks de Breaut^^ who with armed men, brought them to the 
 gallowes, where they were hanged. 
 
 In the yeare 1244. Griffith the eldest sonne of Leoline, 
 prince | of Wales, being kept prisoner in the Tower, deuised 
 meanes of escape, and hauing in the night made of the hang- 
 ings, sheetes, &c. a long line, he put himselfe downe from the 
 toppe of the Tower, but in the sliding, the weight of his body, 
 being a very bigge and a fatte man, brake the rope, and he 
 fell and brake his necke withall. 
 
 In the yeare 1253- ^^ii^g Henry the third imprisoned the 
 Sherififes of London in the Tower more than a Moneth, for 
 the escape of a Prisoner, out of Newgate, as ye may reade in 
 the Chapter of Gates. 
 
 In the yeare 1260. King Henry with his Queene, (for feare 
 of the Barons) were lodged in the Tower. The next yeare 
 he sent for his Lords, and held his Parliament there. 
 
 In the yeare 1263. when the Queene would haue remooued 
 
 from the Tower by water, towardes Windsore, sundrie Lon- 
 
 H^die'r'^'''" diners got them together to the Bridge, vnder the which 
 
 she was to passe, and not onely cryed out vpon her with 
 
 reprochfull words, but also threw myre and stones at her, by 
 
 ^ Breaute] Brent 1603 
 
 Mat. paris. 
 
 Constantine 
 Fitz Aelulfe 
 hanged. 
 
 Page SI 
 
 Griffith of 
 Wales fell 
 from the 
 Tower. 
 
 Sheriffes of 
 London pri- 
 soners in the 
 Tower. 
 
 K. Henry 
 lodged in the 
 Tower, and 
 helde his 
 parliament 
 there. 
 Citizens of 
 London de- 
 spised the 
 
 H. the 3. 
 
Towers and Caste Is 51 
 
 which she was constrained to returne for the time, but in the 
 yeare, 1365. the saide Cittizens were faine to submit them- 
 selues to the king for it, and the Mayor, Aldermen, and Sherififes 
 were sent to diuers prisons, and a Custos also was set ouer 
 the Cittie, to witte Othon Constable of the Tower, &c. 
 
 In the yeare 1283. Leolhie Prince of Wales being taken at Leoline prince 
 Blewthi Castle, Roger Lestrange cut off his head, which Sir ^^^^^^^ o^\\e 
 Roger Mortimer caused to bee crowned with luie, and set it Tower, 
 vppon the Tower of London. 
 
 In the yeare 1390. diuers lustices aswell of the Bench, as of Justices of the 
 
 the assises, were sent prisoners to the Tower, which with S^"n? ^^°' '° 
 *■ ' the 1 ower. 
 
 greate sommes of money redeemed their Libertie. E. 3. the 14. 
 of his raigne, appointed for Prisoners in the Tower, a Knight 
 ij.d. the day, an Esquier, i.d. the day, to serue for their dyet. 
 
 In the yeare 1320. the Kinges Justices sate in the Tower, Justices sate in 
 for tryall of matters, whereupon lohn Gisors late Mayor of ""^ iower. 
 London and many other fled the Citty for feare to bee charged 
 of thinges they had presumptuously done. 
 
 In the yeare 133J. the Mortimers yeelding 'themselues to | 
 the King, he sent them Prisoners to the Tower, where they page S2 
 remayned long, and were adiudged to be drawne and hanged. 
 But at length Roger Mortimer of Wigmore, by giuing to his Mortimer 
 Keepers a sleepie drinke, escaped out of the Tower, and his ^^ape'^out of 
 unckle Roger being still kept there, dyed about fiue yeares after, the Tower. 
 
 In the yeare 1336. the Cittizens of London wanne the London 
 Tower, wresting the keyes out of the Constables handes, wrested the 
 
 ' *= ■' ' keyes of the 
 
 deliuered all the Prisoners, and kept both Cittie and Tower, to Tower from 
 the vse of Isabel the Queene, and Edward her sonne. ^"^ Constable.. 
 
 In the yeare 1330. Roger Mortimer Earle of March was Mortimer 
 taken and brought to the Tower, from whence hee was drawne the Tower to 
 to the Elmes, and there hanged. ''^^ Elmes.and 
 
 ' ° lianged. 
 
 In the yeare 1344. King Edward the 3. in the 18. yeare of A mint in the 
 his raigne, commaunded Florences of gold to be made and pfojences of 
 coyned in the Tower, that is to say, a penie peece of the gold coined 
 value of sixe shillings and eight pence, the halfe peny peece 
 of the value of three shillinges and foure pence, and a farthing 
 peece worth 30. pence, Perceuall de Port of Ltike being then 
 Maister of the coyne. And this is the first coyning of Gold 
 1 Blewth] Builth 
 E 3 
 
52 
 
 Towers and Castels 
 
 The kinges 
 Exchange in 
 Bucles Bery. 
 
 Round plates 
 called Blanks, 
 deliuered by 
 weight. 
 Argent & pc- 
 cnnia, after 
 called Ester- 
 ling. 
 
 W. Con- 
 queror weare 
 no beard. 
 
 Page s} 
 
 W. Malms- 
 bery. 
 
 Roger 
 Houeden. 
 
 in the Tower, whereof I haue read, and also the first coynage 
 of Gold in England : I finde also recorded that the saide King 
 in the same yeare, ordayned his Exchange of mony to be kept 
 in Sernes Tower, a part of the Kinges house in Buckles bury. 
 And here to digresse a little (by occasion offered,) I finde 
 that in times before passed, all great sommes were paid by 
 weight of golde or siluer, as so many pounds, or markes of 
 siluer, or so many poundes or markes of gold, cut into 
 Blankes, and not stamped, as I could proue by many 
 good authorities which I ouerpasse. The smaller sommes 
 also were paid in starlings, which were pence so called, for 
 other coynes they had none. The antiquity of this starling 
 peny vsuall in this realme, is from the raigne of Henry the 
 second : notwithstanding the Saxon coynes before the con- 
 quest were pence of fine siluer the full weight, and somewhat 
 better then the latter sterlinges, as I haue tryed by conference 
 of the pence of Biirghrede king of Mercia, Aelfred, Edward, 
 and Edelred, kings of the West Saxons, Plegmond Arch- 
 bishoppe of Canterbury, and others. William the Con- 
 querors penie also was fine siluer of the weight of the Easter- 
 ling, and had on the | one side stamped an armed heade, with 
 a beardles face : for the Normans ware no beardes, with a 
 scepter in his hand : the inscription in the circumference was 
 this, Le Rci Wilani on the other side a Crosse double to the 
 ring, betweene fower rowals of sixe poyntes. 
 
 King Henry the first his penny was of the like weight, 
 finenes, forme of face, crosse. &c. 
 
 This Henry in the eight yeare of his raigne, ordayned the 
 peny which was round, so to bee quartered, by the crosse, 
 that they might easily bee broken, into halfe pence and 
 farthinges. In the first, second, thirde, fourth, and fift of 
 king Richard the first, his raigne, and afterwards I find com- 
 monly Easterling money mentioned, and yet oft times the 
 same is called argent, as afore, & not otherwise. 
 
 The first great summe that I read of to be paid in Ester- 
 linges, was in the fift of Richard the first, when Robert Earle 
 of Leycester being prisoner in France, proffered for his ran- 
 some a thousand marks Easterlings, notwithstanding the 
 Easterling pence were long before. The weight of the Easter- 
 
Towers and Castels 53 
 
 ling penie may appeare by diuers statutes, namely of weights Weight of 
 
 and measures, made in the 51. of Hetiry the third in these ^"^"^P™^ 
 
 words, Thirty two graines of Wheat, drie and round, taken in wheat. 
 
 the middest of the eare shoulde be the weight of a starling 
 
 penie, 30. of those pence shoulde waye one ounce, 12. ounces 
 
 a pound Troy. It followeth in the statute eight pound to 
 
 make a gallon of Wine, and eight gallons a bushel of Londoti 
 
 measure, &c. Notwithstanding which statute, I finde in the 
 
 eight of Edward the first, Gregorie Rokesley Mayor of 
 
 London, being chiefs Maister or minister of the Kinges 
 
 Exchaunge, or mintes, a new coyne being then appointed, 
 
 the pound of Easterling money should contain as afore la. 
 
 ownces, to witte fine siluei-, such as was then made into foyle, 
 
 and was commonlie called siluer of Guthurons lane, 11. 
 
 ounces, two Easterlings, and one ferling or farthing, and the 
 
 other 17. pence ob. q. to bee laye^. Also the pound of money 
 
 ought to weigh xx.s. iij.d. by accounte, so that no pound 
 
 ought to be ouer xx.s, iiij.d. nor lesse then xx.s. ij.d. by 
 
 account, the ounce to weigh twenty pence, the penny weighte, 
 
 34. graynes, (which 34. by weight then appointed, were as | 
 
 much as the former 33 graines of Wheate) a penny force, 25. Pages4 
 
 graines and a halfe, the pennie deble or feeble, 22. graines, and 
 
 a halfe, Sz:c. 
 
 Now for the penny Easterling, how it took that name. The pennie 
 I think good briefly to touch. It hath beene saide that jt tooke The 
 Numa Pompilius the second king of the Romaines, com- "^me. 
 maunded money first to bee made, of whose name they were 
 called Nmni, and when Copper pence, siluer pence, and gold 
 pence were made, because euery siluer peny was worth ten 
 Copper pence, and euery golde pennie worth ten siluer pence, 
 the pence therefore were called in Latine Denarii, and often- 
 times the pence are named of the matter and stufFe of Gold 
 or siluer. But the money of England was called of the 
 workers and makers thereof : as the Floren of Gold is called of 
 the Florentines, that were the workers thereof,and so the Easter- h. 2 made a 
 ling pence took their name of the Easterlinges which did first "^^j'iThis'' 
 make this money in England, in the raign of Henry the second, raigne. 
 
 Thus haue I set downe according to my reading in Anti- 
 ^ laye] = alay, ?Sixyj, N.E.D. 
 
54 Towers and Castels 
 
 Starling mony, quitie of money matters, omitting the imaginations of late 
 
 beginning in ^ writers, of whome some haue said Easterling money to take 
 
 this land. that name of a Starre, stamped in the border or ring of 
 
 the penie : other some of a Bird called a Stare or starling 
 
 stamped in the circumference : and other (more vnlikely) of 
 
 being coyned at Striuelin or Starling, a towne in Scotland, &c. 
 
 Of lialfpence Now concerning half pence and farthings, the accounte of 
 
 and farthinges. ^hich is more subtiller then the pence, I neede not speake 
 
 of them more then that they were onely made in the Ex- 
 
 TheKinges chaunge at London, and no where else: first poynted to bee 
 
 London^'"' "^^de by Edward the i. in the 8. of his raigne, & also at 
 
 the same time, the saide Kinges coynes some few groates of 
 
 silver, but they were not vsuall. The kinges Exchaunge at 
 
 London, was neare vnto the Cathedrall Church of Sainte 
 
 Panle, and is to this daye commonlie called the olde Chaunge, 
 
 but in Euidences the olde Exchaunge. 
 
 The Kinges Exchaunger in this place, was to deliuer out 
 
 to euery other Exchaunger throughout England, or other the 
 
 kings Dominions, their Coyning irons, that is to say, one 
 
 Pog'ss Standerde | or Staple, and two Trussels, or Punchons : and 
 
 when the same were spent and worne, to receyue them with 
 
 an account, what summe had been coyned, and also their 
 
 Fix, or Boxe of assay and to deliuer other Irons new grauen, 
 
 &c. I find that in the ninth of king loJm, there was besides 
 
 Mints in Eng- the Mint at London, other Mints at Winchester, Excester, 
 
 ^^°'^- ^ , Chichester. Canterbnrie , Rochester, Ipswich, Noriuich, Linne, 
 
 patent 9. lohn. ' ' ; ^ > ; > 
 
 Lincolne, Yorke, Carleil, Northhampton, Oxford, S. Edmonds- 
 bury, and Durham. The Exchanger, Examiner, and Trier, 
 buyeth the siluer for Coynage : answering for euery hundred 
 Diminishing pound of siluer, bought in Bolion, or otherwise, 98.1. 15.S. for 
 ofcoyne. j^g taketh 25s. for coynage. 
 
 Starling mony King Edward the first, in the 27. of his raigne, held a 
 
 b°eta^nsp°orted. Parliament at Stebenheth, in the house of Henry Waleis 
 
 Maior of London, wherein amongst other things there handled, 
 
 the transporting of starling money was forbidden. 
 
 Th. Walsing. In the yeare 1351. William Edington Bishop of Winchester, 
 
 Tnd hflfe^'^^ and Treasurer of England, a wise man, but louing the kings 
 
 coyned. commoditie, more then the wealth of the whole Realme, and 
 
 common people (sayth mine Authour), caused a new coyne 
 
Towers and Castels 55 
 
 called a groate, and a halfe groate to bee coyned and stamped, 
 the groate to be taken for iiii.d. and the halfe groate for 
 ii.d. not conteyning in weight according to the pence called 
 Easterlings, but much lesse, to wit, by v.s. in the pound : 
 by reason whereof, victuals, and marchandizes became the 
 dearer through the whole realme. About the same time 
 also, the old coine of gold was chaunged into a new, but the 
 old Floren or noble, then so called, was worth much aboue 
 the taxed rate of the new, and therefore the Marchants in- 
 grossed vp the olde, and conueyed them out of the Realme, Coines of gold 
 to the great losse of the kingdome. Wherefore a remedie ^°'"^"""'*- 
 was prouided by chaunging of the stampe. 
 
 In the yeare 141 1. king Henrie the fourth caused a new 
 coyne of Nobles to be made, of lesse value then the old by 
 iiii.d. in the Noble, so that fiftie Nobles should be a pound 
 Troy weight. 
 
 In the yeare 1431. was granted to Henrie the fift, a fifteen 
 to be payd at Candlemasse, and at Martinmasse, of such 
 money as was then currant gold, or siluer, not ouermuch 
 clipped or washed, to wit, that if the noble were worth fiue 
 shillings eight pence, then | the king should take it for a ful Page^e 
 Noble of sixe shillings eight pence, and if it were lesse of 
 value then fiue shillings eight pence, then the person paying 
 that golde, to make it good to the value of fiue shillings eight 
 pence, the king alway receyuing it for an whole noble of sixe 
 shillings eight pence. And if the Noble so payed be better 
 then fiue shillings eight pence, the king to pay againe the 
 surplusage that it was better then fiue shillings eight pence. More plentie 
 Also this yere was such scarcitie of white money, y* though °^°f{?* '° 
 a Noble were so good of Gold and weight as sixe shillings siluer. 
 eight pence, men might get no white money for them. 
 
 In the yeare 1465. king Edivardthe fourth caused a newe Coynes of 
 coyne both of gold and siluer to be made, whereby he gained s°i'^ allayed, 
 much, for he made of an olde Noble, a Royall : which he in value. 
 commaunded to go for x.s. Neuerthelesse to the same royall 
 was put viii.d. of alay, and so weyed the more, being smitten Rose nobles, 
 with a new stampe, to wit, a Rose. He likewise made halfe 
 Angels of v.s. and farthings of v.s. vi.d. Angelets of vi.s. viii.d. 
 and halfe Angels, iii.s. iiii.d. Hee made siluer money of three 
 
56 
 
 Towers mid Castels 
 
 Halfe faced 
 grotes. 
 
 Page SI- 
 
 Gold and sil- 
 lier inhanced. 
 
 Base monies, 
 coyned and 
 currant in 
 England. 
 
 pence, a groate, and so of other coynes after that rate, to the 
 great harme of the Commons. W. Lord Hastings the kinges 
 Chamberlaine, being maister of the kinges Mints, saith the 
 Record, vndertooke to make the monyes vnder forme fol- 
 lowing, to wit, of golde a peece of viii.s. iiii.d. starling, which 
 should be called a noble of golde, of the which there shoulde 
 be fiftie such pieces in the pound weight of the tower : an 
 other peece of golde, iiij.s. ii.d. of sterlings, and to be of them 
 an hundred such peeces in the pound : and a third peece of 
 gold, ii.s. i.d. starling, two hundreth such peeces in the pound, 
 euery pound weight of the Tower to be worth xx. pound, 
 xvi.s. viii.d. of starlings, the which should be 23. Carits, 
 3. graines, and halfe fine, &c. and for siluer, 37.S. 6.d. of star- 
 lings, the peece of foure pence, to be Cxii. groates, and two 
 pence in the pound weight. 
 
 In the yeare 1504. king Henrie the seuenth appoynted 
 a new coyne, to wit, a groat, and halfe groat, which bare but 
 halfe faces ; the same time also was coyned a groat, which was 
 in value xii.d. but of those but a few, after the rate of fortie 
 pence the ounce. 
 
 In the yeare 1526. the xviii. of Henrie the 8. the Angell 
 noble being then the sixt part of an ounce Troy, so that six 
 Angels was | iust an ounce, which was fortie shillinges starling, 
 and the Angell was also worth two ounces of siluer, so that 
 sixe Angels were worth xii. ounces of siluer, which was fortie 
 shillings. A Proclamation was made on the sixt of September, 
 that the Angell shoulde goe for vii.s. iiii.d. the Royall for 
 a xi.s. and the Crowne for iiii.s. iiii.d. And on the fift of 
 Nouember following, againe by Proclamation, the Angell was 
 enhaunced to vii.s. vi.d. and so euerie ovmce of golde to be 
 xlv.s. and the ounce of siluer at iii.s. ix.d. in value. 
 
 In the yeare 1544. the 0^^. of Henrie the 8. on the xvi. of 
 May, proclamation was made for the inhauncing of gold to 
 xlviii. shillings, and siluer to iiii. s. the ounce. Also the king 
 caused to bee coyned base monyes, to wit, peeces of xii.d. 
 vi.d, iiii.d. ii.d. and penny, in weight as the late starling, in shew 
 good siluer, but inwardly Copper. These peeces had whole, 
 or broad faces, and continued currant after that rate, till the 
 5, of Edward the sixt, when they were on the ninth of Julie 
 
Towers and Castels 57 
 
 called downe, the shilling to nine pence, the grote to three 
 
 pence, &c. and on the xvii. of August, from nine pence to sixe 
 
 pence, &c. And on the xxx. of October was published new Crownes and 
 
 Coynes of siluer and gold to be made, a peace of siluer v.s. of s;i„"°^*^ 
 
 starling, a peece ii.s. vi.d. of xii.d. of vi.d. a penny with coined. 
 
 a double Rose^ halfe penny a single Rose, and a farthing with 
 
 a Porteclose. Coynes of fine Golde, a whole Soueraigne of 
 
 xxx.s. an Angell of x.s. an Angelet of v.s. Of crowne gold, 
 
 a Soueraigne xx.s. halfe Soueraigne x.s. v.s. ii.s. vi.d. and 
 
 base monyes to passe as afore, which continued till the second 
 
 of Queene Elizabeth, then called to a lower rate, taken to the 
 
 mint, and refined, the siluer whereof being coyned with a new 
 
 stampe of her Maiestie, the drosse was carried to foule high 
 
 wayes, to highten them. This base monyes, for the time^ 
 
 caused the olde starling monyes to be hourded vp, so that Starling 
 
 I haue scene xxi. shillings currant giuen for one old Angell ™(^oj-ded vp. 
 
 to guild withall. Also rents of lands and tenements, with x^i. s. cunant 
 
 ■ r-1 • ■, r 1 ^ r giuen for an 
 
 prises of victuals, were raised farre beyond the former Angell of 
 
 rates, hardly since to bee brought downe. Thus much for |°l^.^- 
 
 base monyes coyned and currant in England haue I knowne : mines. 
 
 But for Leather monyes as many people haue fondly talked, 
 
 I find no such matter. I reade that king lohn of France being 
 
 taken prisoner by Edward the black prince, | at the battaile PagesS 
 
 of Poyters, paied a raunsome of three Millions of Florences, 
 
 whereby he brought the realme into such pouertie, that manie Leather mony 
 
 yeares after they vsed Leather money, with a little stud or '" F''^"<=^- 
 
 naile of siluer in the middest thereof. Thus much for mint, 
 
 and coynage, by occasion of this tower (vnder correction of 
 
 other more skilfull) may suffice, and now to other accidents 
 
 there. 
 
 In the veare i ofio. the peace betweene England and France French king 
 
 %,,. „ , , . _ , , J prisoner in the 
 
 being confirmed, King Edward came ouer into England, and Tower, 
 straight to the Tower, to see the French king then prisoner 
 there, whose ransome he assessed at three Millions of Florences, 
 and so deliuered him from prison, and brought him with honour 
 to the Sea. 
 
 In the yeare 1381. the Rebels of Kent drew out of the tower Rebels of 
 (where the king was then lodged) Simon Sudberie, Archbishop thrXower. 
 of Canterburie, Lord Chancellor: Robert Hales, Prior of 
 
58 
 
 Towers and Castels 
 
 Richard the 2, 
 prisoner in 
 the tower. 
 
 Porter of the 
 
 Tower 
 
 beheaded. 
 
 Counterfeit 
 phisitian, his 
 head set on 
 the tower of 
 London. 
 
 Page 59 
 lusting in the 
 
 Henrie the 6. 
 murdered in 
 the tower. 
 
 Duke of Clar- 
 ence drowned 
 in the tower. 
 Edward the 5 . 
 mnrdred in 
 the tower. 
 
 S. Johns, and Treasurer of England : William Appleton Frier, 
 the king.s confessor, and lohn Legge a Sargeant of the kings, 
 and beheaded them on the Tower hill, &c. 
 
 In the yeare 1387. king Richard held his feast of Christmas 
 in the Tower. And in the yeare 1399. the same king was 
 sent prisoner to the Tower. 
 
 In the yeare 1414. Sir lohn Oldcasiell brake out of the 
 tower. And the same yeare a Parliament being holden at 
 Leycester, a Porter of the Tower was drawne, hanged and 
 headed, \vhose head was sent vp, and set ouer the Tower 
 gate, for consenting to one Whitlooke, that brake out of the 
 tower. 
 
 In the yeare 1419. Frier Randulph was sent to the tower, 
 and was there slaine by the Parson of S. Peters in the tower. 
 
 In the yeare 1426. there came to London a lewde fellow, 
 feyning himselfe to be sent from the Emperor to the yong 
 king Henrie the sixt, calling himselfe Baron of Blakamoore, 
 and that hee should be the principall Phisition in this king- 
 dome, but his subtiltie being knowne, he was apprehended, 
 condemned, drawne, hanged, headed and quartered, his head 
 set on the tower of London, and his quarters on foure gates 
 of the Citie. 
 
 In the yeare 1458. in Whitson weeke, the Duke of Som- 
 merset, with Anthonie Riuers, and other foure, kept lustes 
 be|fore the Queene in the Tower of London, against three 
 Esquiers of the Oueenes, and others. 
 
 In the yeare 1465. king //i?«;'2> the sixt was brought prisoner 
 to the tower, where he remained long. 
 
 In the yeare 1470. the tower was yeelded to sir Richard 
 Lee Maior of London, and his brethren the Aldermen, who 
 forthwith entered the same, deliuered king Henrie of his 
 imprisonment, and lodged him in the kings lodging there, but 
 the next yeare he was againe sent thither prisoner, and there 
 murdered. 
 
 In the yeare 1478. George Duke of Clarence, was drowned 
 with Malmesey in the tower : and within fiue yeares after king 
 Edward the fift, with his brother, were said to be murthered 
 there. 
 
 In the yeare 1485. lohn Earle of Oxford was made Con- 
 
Towers and Castels 5c) 
 
 stable of the tower, and had custodie of the Lions graunted patent i. of 
 
 him. Henrie the 7. 
 
 In the yeare 1501. in the Moneth of May, was royall Tur- Instesand 
 ney of Lordes and knights in the tower of London before the [hTtowef '° 
 king. 
 
 In the yeare 1502. Queene Elizabeth, wife to Henrie the 7. 
 died of childbirth in the tower. 
 
 In the yeare 151 2. the Chappell in the high white tower 
 was burned. In the yeare 1536. Queene Anne Bullein was 
 beheaded in the tower. 1541. Ladie Katherine H award, wife 
 to king Henrie the 8. was also beheaded there. 
 
 In the yeare 1546. the 27 of Aprill, being Tuesday in Easter William Fox- 
 
 weeke, William Foxley, Potmaker for the Mint in the tower of 1^^ slept in the 
 
 ■^ ' tower 14 
 
 London, fell asleepe, and so continued sleeping, and could not days & more 
 
 be wakened, with pricking, cramping, or otherwise burning taking! 
 whatsoeuer, till the first day of the tearme, which was full 
 xiiii. dayes, and xv. nights, or more, for that Easter tearme 
 beginneth not afore xvii. dayes after Easter. The cause of his 
 thus sleeping could not be knowne, though the same were 
 diligently searched after by the kings Phisitians, and other 
 learned men : yea the king himselfe examining the said 
 Williatn Foxley, who was in all poynts found at his wakening 
 to be as if hee had slept but one night. And he lived more 
 then fortie yeares after in the sayde Tower, to wit, vntil the 
 yeare of Christ, 1587, and then deceased on Wednesday in 
 Easterweeke. | 
 
 Thus much for these accidents : and now to conclude thereof Page 60 
 in summarie. This tower is a Citadell, to defend or commaund Vse of the 
 the Citie : a royall place for assemblies, and treaties. A Prison ^"^ thecftle. 
 of estate, for the most daungerous offenders : the onely place 
 of coynage for all England at this time : the armorie for war- 
 like prouision : the Treasurie of the ornaments and Jewels of 
 the crowne, and generall conseruer of the most Recordes of the 
 kings Courts of iustice at Westminster. 
 
 Tower on London Bridge. 
 The next tower on the riuer of Thames, is on London bridge Tower at the 
 
 , , , , • , T^i ■ _, north end of 
 
 at the north end of the draw bridge. This tower was newe the draw 
 
 bridge. 
 
6o 
 
 Towers and Castels 
 
 begun to be builded in the yeare 1426. Ihon Reyn'Well Maior 
 of London, layd one of the first corner stones, in the founda- 
 tion of this worke, the other three were laid by the Shiriffes, 
 and Bridgemaisters, vpon euerie of these foure stones was 
 engrauen in fayre Romane letters, the name of Ihesus. And 
 these stones, I haue scene layde in the Bridge store house, 
 since they were taken vp, when that tower was of late newly 
 made of timber. This gate and tower was at the first strongly 
 builded vp of stone, and so continued vntill the yeare 1577. in 
 the Moneth of ApriU, when the same stone arched gate, and 
 tower being decayed, was begun to be taken downe, and then 
 were the heades of the traytours remoued thence, and set on 
 the tower ouer the gate at the bridge foote, towards South- 
 warke. This said tower being taken downe a newe foundation 
 was drawne : and sir lohn Langley Lord Maior laid the first 
 stone, in the presence of the Shiriffes, and Bridgemaisters, on 
 the 28. of August, and in the Moneth of September, the yere 
 1579. the same tower was finished, a beautifull & chargeable 
 peece of worke, all aboue the bridge being of timber. 
 
 Tower at the 
 south end of 
 the bridge. 
 
 Page 61 
 
 William Dun- 
 thome. 
 The south- 
 gate of 
 London 
 bridge burned. 
 
 Baynards 
 Castell. 
 Fitzstephen. 
 Gernase of 
 Tilbury. 
 
 Tower on the South of London Bridge. 
 
 An other tower there is on London bridge, to wit, ouer the 
 gate at the South ende of the same bridge towards South- 
 warke. This gate with the tower thereupon, and two Arches 
 of I the bridge fell downe, and no man perished by the fall 
 thereof, in the yeare 1436. Towards the new building whereof, 
 diuerse charitable Citizens gaue large summes of monies : 
 which gate being then againe new builded, was with xiij. 
 houses more on the bridge in the yere 1471. burned by the 
 Marriners and Saylers of Kent, Bastard Fauconbridge being 
 their Captaine. 
 
 Baynards Castle. 
 
 In the west part of this Citie (saith Fitzstephen) are two 
 most strong Castels, &c. Also Geruasms Tilbery, in the raigne 
 of Henrie the second, writing of these castels, hath to this 
 effect. Two Castels, saith hee, are built with walks and ram- 
 pires, whereof one is in right of possession, Baynardes : the 
 
Towers and Castels 6i 
 
 other the Barons of Mountfitchet : the first of these Castels 
 banking on the Riuer Thames, was called Baynards Castell, 
 of Baynarde a noble man that came in with the Conquerour, 
 and then builded it, and deceased in the raigne of William 
 Rufus : after whose decease Geffrey Baynard succeeded, and 
 then William Baynard, in the yeare iiii. who by forfeyture 
 for fellonie, lost his Baronrie of little Dunmow, and king 
 Henrie gaue it wholy to Robert the sonne of Richard the 
 Sonne of Gilbard of Clare, and to his heyres, togither with the 
 honour oi Baynards Castell. This Robert married Matide de 
 Setit Licio, Ladie oi Bradham, and deceased 1134. was buried 
 at Saint Needes by Gilbert of Clare his father, Walter his 
 Sonne succeeded him, he tooke to wife Matilde de Bocham, 
 and after her decease, Matilde the daughter and coheyre of 
 Richard de Lucy, on whom he begate Robert and other : he 
 deceased in the yeare 11 98. and was buried at Dimmow, after 
 whom succeeded Robert Fitzwater, a valiant knight. 
 
 About the yeare 1213. there arose a great discord betwixt Lib. Dunmow. 
 king lohn and his Barons, because of Matilde, surnamed the 
 fayre, daughter to the said Robert Fitzwater, whome the king 
 vnlawfully loued, but could not obtaine her, nor her father 
 would consent thereunto, wherevpon, and for other like causes, 
 ensued warre through the whole Realme. The Barons were 
 receyued into London, where they greatly endamaged the 
 king, but in | the end the king did not onely, therefore, banish Page 62 
 the said Fitzwater amongest other, out of the Realme, but Robert Fitz- 
 also caused his Castell called Baynard, and other his houses bam^jhed. 
 to be spoyled : which thing being done, a messenger being Banards castle 
 sent vnto Matilde the fayre, about the kings sute, whereunto virg^nitle'de- 
 shee would not consent, she was poysoned. Robert Fitzwater, [^"'^j^^'^^^'^'^^ 
 and other being then passed into France, and some into worldly goods, 
 
 „ 1 J o and life of the 
 
 Scotland, &C. bodie, for life 
 
 It hapned in the yere 1214. king lohn being then in France of thesoule. 
 with a great armie, that a truce was taken betwixt the two 
 kings of England and France, for the tearme of fiue yeares. 
 And a riuer or arme of the sea being then betwixt eyther 
 Host, there was a knight in the English host, that cried to 
 them of the other side, willing some one of their knightes to 
 come and iust a course or twaine with him: wherevpon 
 
62 
 
 Towers and Castels 
 
 King lohns 
 oath. 
 
 Robert Fitz- 
 walter re- 
 stored to the 
 kings fauonr. 
 Baynards 
 castell againc 
 builded. 
 
 The keeping 
 of Hertford 
 castel be- 
 longed to 
 Robert Fitz- 
 walter. 
 
 Page 6} 
 
 Robert Fitz- 
 walter Casti- 
 lian and Ban- 
 ner bearer of 
 London. 
 
 without stay, Robert Fitzwater being on the French part, 
 made himselfe readie, ferried ouer, and got on horsebacke, 
 without any man to helpe him, and shewed himselfe readie 
 to the face of his chalenger, whome at the first course, he 
 stroake so hard with his greate Speare, that horse and man 
 fell to the ground : and when his Speare was broken, hee went 
 backe againe to the king of France, which when the King had 
 scene, by Gods tooth, quoth hee (after his vsuall oath) he 
 were a king indeed, that had such a knight : the friends of 
 Robert hearing these wordes, kneeled downe, and saide: O 
 king, he is your knight : it is Robert Fitzwater, and thereupon 
 the next day hee was sent for, and restored to the kinges 
 fauour: by which meanes peace was concluded, and he re- 
 ceiued his linings, and had license to repaire his Castell of 
 Baynard and other Castels. 
 
 The yeare 1316. the first oi Henrie the third, the Castell of 
 Hartford being deliuered to Lewes the French (Prince), and 
 the Barons of England, Robert Fitzwater requiring to haue 
 the same, because the keeping thereof did by ancient right 
 and title pertaine to him, was aunswered by Lewes, that 
 English men were not worthie to haue such holdes in keep- 
 ing, because they did betray their owne Lord, &c. This 
 Robert deceased in the yeare 1234. and was buried at Dun- 
 mow, and Walter his son that succeeded him, 1258. his 
 Baronie of Baynard was in the ward of king Henry in the 
 nonage oi Robert Fitzwater . This Robert tooks to his | second 
 wife, Aeliauor daughter and heire to the Earle of Ferrars, in 
 the yeare 1289, and in the yeare 1303. on the xij. of March, 
 before lohn Blondon Maior of London, he acknowledged his 
 seruice to the same Citie, and sware vpon the Euangelists, 
 that he would be true to the liberties thereof, and maintaine the 
 same to his power, and the counsell of the same to keepe, &c. 
 
 The right<s> that belonged to Robert Fitzwalter 
 
 Chastalian of London, Lord of Wodeham, 
 
 were these. 
 
 1 HE sayd Robert and his heyres, ought to be, and are chiefe 
 Banerers of London, in fee for the Chastilarie, which hee and 
 his auncestors had by Castell Baynard, in the said Citie. In 
 
Towers and Castels 63 
 
 time of warre, the said Robert and his heyres ought to serue 
 the Citie in maner as followeth : that is, the said Robert 
 ought to come, he beeing the twentieth man of armes on 
 horsebacke, couered with cloath, or armour vnto the great 
 West doore of Saint Paule, with his Banner displayed before 
 him, of his armes : and when he is come to the said doore, 
 mounted and apparelled, as before is said, the Maior with his 
 Aldermen, and Shiriffes armed in their armes shall come out 
 of the saide Church of Saint Paule, vnto the saide doore, with 
 a Banner in his hande, all on foote, which Banner shall be Banner of 
 Guiles, the Image of Saint Paule golde : the face, hands, ^' P^"l^- 
 feete, and sword of siluer : and assoone as the said Robert 
 shall see the Maior, Aldermen, and Shiriffs come on foot out 
 of the church, armed with such a Banner, he shall alight from 
 his horse, and salute the Maior, and say to him : Sir Maior, 
 I am come to do my sendee, which I owe to the Citie. And 
 the Maior and Aldermen shall answere. Wee giue to you as to 
 our Bannerer of fee in this Citie, this Banner of this Citie to 
 beare, and gouerne to the honour and profile of the Citie to our ' 
 power. And the said Robert and his heyres shall receiue the 
 Banner in his hands, and shall goe on foote out of the gate 
 with the Banner in his handes, and the Maior, Aldermen, 
 and Shiriffes shall follow to the doore, and shall bring a horse 
 to the said Robert worth xx.l. which horse shall be sadled 
 with a saddle of the Armes of the said Robert^ and | shall be Page 64 
 sadled with a Saddle of the Armes of the said Robert'^ and 
 shall be couered with sindals of the said Armes. Also they 
 shall present to him twentie poundes starling money, and 
 deliuer to the Chamberlaine of the sayd Robert for his 
 expences that day: then the saide Robert shall mount 
 vppon the horse which the Maior presented to him, with the 
 Banner in his hand, and as soone as he is vp, he shall say to 
 the Maior, that he cause a Marshall to be chosen for the 
 hoste, one of the Citie, which Marshall being chosen, the sayd 
 Robert shall commaund the Maior and Burgesses of the Citie, 
 to warne the Commoners to assemble togither, and they shall 
 all go vnder the Banner of Saint Paul, and the said Robert 
 shall beare it himselfe vnto Aldgate, and there the said 
 ' our] your 1633 '"' Sic 1603 ; om. 1633 
 
64 Towers and Castels 
 
 Robert, and Maior shall deliuer the said Banner of Saint 
 Pattle, from thence, to whome they shall assent or thinke good. 
 And if they must make any issue foorth of the Citie, then 
 the sayde Robert ought to choose two foorth of euery warde, 
 the most sage personages, to foresee to the safe keeping of the 
 Citie, after they be gone foorth. And this counsell shall bee 
 taken in the Priorie of the Trinitie neare vnto Aldgate. 
 And before euery towne or Castell which the hoast of 
 London besiege, if the siege continue a whole yeare, the saide 
 Robert shall haue for euerie siege of the Communaltie of 
 London an hundreth shillings for his trauaile, and no more. 
 These be the rights that the sayd Robert hath in the time of 
 Rights be- warre. Rights belonging to Robert Fitzrvalter, and to his 
 Roberf " heyres in the Citie of London, in the time of peace, are these, 
 Fitzwater. that is to say, the sayd Robert hath a soken or warde in the 
 Citie, that is, a wall of the Chanonrie of Saint Paule, as a 
 man goeth downe the streete before the Brewhouse of Saint 
 Paule, vnto the Thames, and so to the side of the Mill, which 
 is in the water that commeth downe from the Fleete bridge, 
 and goeth so by London walles, betwixt the Friers preachers 
 and Ludgate, and so returneth backe by the house of the 
 said Friers, vnto the said wall of the said Chanonrie of Saint 
 Paule, that is all the parish of Saint Andreiv, which is in the 
 gift of his auncesters, by the said signioritie : and so the said 
 Robert hath appendant vnto the saide soken all these thinges 
 vnder written, that he ought to haue a soke man, and to 
 place what sokeman he will, so he be of the sokemanrie, or | 
 Page 6} the same warde, and if any of the sokemanrie bee impleaded 
 
 in the Guild hall, of any thing that toucheth not the bodie 
 of the Maior that for the time is, or that toucheth the bodie 
 of no shiriffe, it is not lawfuU for the soke man of the soke- 
 manrie of the sayde Robert Fitzwalter to demaund a Court of 
 the sayd Robert, and the Maior, and his Citizens of London 
 ought to graunt him to haue a Court, and in his Court he ought 
 to bring his iudgements as it is assented and agreed vpon in 
 this Guild hall, that shall bee giuen them. If any therefore 
 be taken in his sokemanry, he ought to haue his Stockes and 
 imprisonment in his soken, and he shall be brought from 
 thence to the Guild hall before the Maior, and there they 
 
Towers and Castels 65 
 
 shall prouide him his iudgement that ought to bee giuen of 
 him : but his iudgement shall not bee published till hee 
 come into the Court of the saide Roberts, and in his libertie. 
 And the iudgement shall bee such, that if he haue deserued 
 death by treason, he to be tied to a post in the Thames at 
 a good wharfe where boates are fastened, two ebbings and 
 two flowings of the water. And if he be condemned for a 
 common theefe, he ought to be ledde to the Elmes, and there 
 suffer his iudgement as other theeues : and so the said Robert 
 and his heyrcs hath honour that he holdeth a great Tranches 
 within the Citie, that the Maior of the Citie, and Citizens 
 are bound to doe him of right, that is to say, that when the 
 Maior will holde a great counsaile, hee ought to call the saide 
 Robert, and his heyres to bee with him in counsaile of the 
 Citie, and the saide Robert ought to be sworne to bee of 
 counsaile with the Citie against all people, sauing the king 
 and his heyres. And when the saide Robert commeth to the 
 Hoystings in the Guildhall of the Citie, the Maior or his 
 Lieutenant ought to rise against him, and set him downe 
 neare vnto him, and so long as he is in the Guildhall, all the 
 iudgement ought to be giuen by his mouth, according to the 
 Record of the recorders of the sayde Guildhall, and so many 
 waifes as come so long as he is there, hee ought to giue them 
 to the Bayliffes of the Towne, or to whom he will, by the 
 counsaile of the Maior of the Citie. These bee the Francheses 
 that belonged to Robert Fitzwater, in London, in time of 
 peace, which for the antiquitie thereof I haue noted out of an 
 olde Recorde. | 
 
 This Robert deceased in theyeare 1305. leauing issue Walter Page 66 
 Fitzrobert, who had issue Robert Fitzwalter, vnto whom in 
 the yeare 1320. the Citizens of London acknowledged the 
 right which they ought to him and his heires for the Castell 
 Baynard: he deceased 1325. vnto whom succeeded Robert 
 Fitzrobert, Fitzwaltar, &c. More of the Lord Fitzwaltar 
 may ye reade in my Annales in 5 1 . of Edward the third. But 
 how this honour of Baynards Castell with the appurtennances 
 fell from the possession of the Fitzwaters, I haue not read : 
 onely I find that in the yeare 1428, the seuenth of Henrie the f^ti^^rishf/" 
 sixt, a great fire was at Baynards Castell, and that same by fire. 
 
66 Toivers and Castels 
 
 Humfrey Hwnfrcy Dukc of Glocester, builded it of new : by his death 
 cester°new° ^"^^ attainder, in the yere 1446. it came to the hands of 
 builded it. Hettrie the sixt, and from him to Richard Duke of Yorke, of 
 Richard D. of , , , . , . 1 j j .u 
 
 Yorke, honor whom We readc, that m the yeare 1457. he lodged there as in 
 
 casMr"*^^ his own house. In the yeare 1460. the 28. of Februarie, the 
 
 Earles of March, and of Warwike, with a great power of men, 
 
 (but few of name) entered the Citie of London, where they 
 
 Edward the 4. were of the citizens joyously receyued, and vpon the third of 
 
 in*S.Vhns^ March, being Sunday, the said Earle caused to be mustred 
 
 field. his people in Saint lohns field : where, vnto that hoast was 
 
 shewed and proclaymed certaine articles and poynts wherin 
 
 K. Henry, as they sayd, had offended, and thereupon it was 
 
 demaunded of the said people, whether the said H. was worthie 
 
 to reigne as king any longer or not: whereunto y® people 
 
 cried, nay. Then it was asked of them whether they would 
 
 haue the E. of March for their king : & they cried, yea, yea. 
 
 Edward the 4. Wherupon certain captains were appoynted to beare report 
 
 lhfcro°wn''e'ta thereof vnto the sayd E. of March, then being lodged at his 
 
 Baynards castell of Baynard. Whereof when the Earle was by them 
 
 aduertized, he thanked God, & them for their election, notr 
 
 withstanding he shewed some countenance of insufficiencie in 
 
 him to occupie so great a charge, till by exhortation of the 
 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Excester, & certaine 
 
 Noble men, he granted to their petition : and on the next 
 
 morrow at Patdes he went on Procession, offred, & had Te 
 
 Deum sung. Then was he with great royaltie conueyed to 
 
 Westminster, and there in the great Hall, ^ sate in the kinges 
 
 set,^ with Saint Edwards scepter in his hand. 
 
 Edward the fourth being dead, leauing his eldest sonne Ed- \ 
 Page 6y ward, and his second sonne Richard both infantes, Richard 
 
 A^rd^ooke^ D. of Glocester, being elected by the Nobles and Commons in 
 on him the the Guildhall of London, tooke on him the tytle of the Realme 
 narS^castle^^ and kingdome, as imposed vpon him in this Baynardes Castle, 
 as yee may reade penned by Sir Thomas Moore, and set downe 
 in my Annales. 
 
 Henry the seauenth about the yeare 150X. the 16. of his 
 raigne, repayred or rather new builded this house, not imbat- 
 toled, or so strongly fortified Castle like, but farre more 
 '"' V. I. in 160J set in the kinges seat. 
 
Towers and Castels 67 
 
 beautifull and commodious for the entertainement of any 
 Prince or greate Estate : In the seauenteenth of his raigne, 
 hee with his Queene, were lodged there, and came from thence H. the 7. 
 to Powles Church, where they made their offering, dined in Ba™ards 
 the Bishops pallace, and so returned. The 18. of his raigne hee Castle. 
 was lodged there, and the Ambassadors from the King of the 
 Romaines, were thether brought to his presence, and from 
 thence the King came to Powles, and was there sworn to the 
 King of Romans, as the said king had sworne to him. 
 
 The 20. of the saide King, hee with his Knightes of the King Henry 
 Order, all in their habites of the Garter, rode from the Tower knights of the 
 of London through tlie Cittie, vnto the Cathedral Church of Garter rode in 
 Saint Pawles, and there heard Euensong, and from thence fjom the 
 they rode to Baynardes Castle, where the king lodged, and Tower to 
 on the nexte morrow, in the same habite they rode from church. 
 thence againe to the said Church of Saint Pawles, went on 
 Procession, hard the diuine seruice, offered and returned. 
 The same yeare the king of Castle was lodged there. 
 
 In the yeare 1553. the 19. of July, the Counsell partlie The Counsell 
 moued with the right of the Lady Maries cause, partly con- Baynards 
 sidering that the most of the Realme was wholy bent on her castle and 
 
 ,. . , ^ _,_ i-j proclaimed 
 
 side, changmg their mmd from Lady lane lately proclaimed Q„eene Marie. 
 Queene, assembled themselues at this Baynardes Castle, where 
 they communed with the Earle of Pembrooke and the Earle 
 of Shrewesbury and Sir lohn Mason Clearke of the Counsell, 
 sent for the Lord Mayor, and then riding into Cheape to the 
 Crosse, where Gartar King at Armes, Trumpet being sounded, 
 proclaimed the 'L^.Ay Mary Daughter to king Henry the eight, 
 and Queene | Katheren Queene of England, &c. Page 68 
 
 This Castle now belongeth to the Earle of Pembrooke. 
 
 Next adioyiiing to this Castle was sometime a Tower, the 
 name thereof I have not read, but that the same was builded 
 by Edwarde the second, is manifest by this that followeth. 
 King Edward the third in the second yeare of his Raigne, a tower by 
 gaue vnto William de Ros, of Hamelake in Yorkeshire, a ^^^J^^^J^'^^j^j 
 Towre vppon the water of Thames, by the Castle Baynarde byE. the 2. 
 in the Cittie of London, which Tower his Father had builded : 
 he gaue the saide Tower and appurtenances to the said William 
 
 F 2 
 
68 
 
 Towers and Castels 
 
 Hamelake, and his heyres, for a Rose yearely to bee paid for ail 
 seruice due, &c. This Tower as seemetli to mee, was since 
 called Legats Inne, the 7. of E. the fourth. 
 
 Tower of 
 Mountfiquit, 
 
 Barons of 
 London. 
 
 Page tfp 
 
 Tower in the 
 Thames. 
 
 Tower of Mountfiquit. 
 
 1 HE next Tower or Castle, banckiting also on the riuer of 
 Thames, was as is afore shewed called Mojintfiqnits Castle of 
 a Noble man, Baron of Momitjiqint, the first builder therof, 
 who came in with William the Conqueror, and was since named 
 Le Sir MoJinfiquit : This Castle he builded in a place, not 
 far distant from Baynardes, towardes the West. The same 
 William Moiinfiquit liued in the raignc of Henry the first, and 
 was witnes to a Charter, then granted to the Cittie for the 
 Sheriffes of London. Richard Motintfiqtiit liued in King 
 Johns time, and in the yeare, 1213. was by the same King 
 banished the realm into France, when peraduenture King lohn 
 caused his Castle of Monifiquit, amongst other Castles of the 
 Barons to bee ouerthrown : the which after his returne, might 
 bee by him againe reedified, for the totall destruction thereof 
 was aboute the yeare, 1376. when Robert Kiliwarble^ Arch- 
 bishoppe of Canterbury beganne the foundation of the Fryers 
 Preachers Church there, commonly called the Black Fryers, as 
 appeareth by a Charter the fourth of Edward the i. wherein 
 is declared that Gregorie de Rocksley Mayor of London, and 
 the Barons of the same Citie granted, and gaue vnto the saide 
 Archbishoppe Roberte, \ two lanes or wayes next the streete 
 of Baynardes Castle, and the Tower of Montfiqiiit, to be 
 applyed for the enlargement of the said Church and place. 
 
 One other Tower there was also situate on the riuer of 
 Thames neare vnto the said Blacke Fryers Church, on the 
 west parte thereof builded at the Citizens charges, but by 
 licence and commaundement of Edward the i. and of Ed7vard 
 the 2. as appeareth by their grantes : which Tower was then 
 finished, and so stood for the space of 300. yeares, and was at 
 the last taken down by the commaundement of lo/m Sha 
 Mayor of London, in the yeare 1502. 
 
 ' Kilwardby 
 
Towers and Castels 69 
 
 An other Tower or Castle, also was there in the West parte Tower or 
 of the Cittie, pertayning to the King : For I reade that in the ^^^"= °'' *= 
 yere 1087. the 20 of Wi/Uatn the first, the Cittie of London '^ol by s^^tt 
 with the Church of S. Paule being burned, Mauritius then ^"''^' •=''""^''- 
 Bishop o{ London afterwarde began the foundation of a new 
 Church, whereunto king William, sayeth mine Author, gaue 
 the choyce stones of this Castle standing neare to the banke 
 of the riuer of Thames, at the west end of the Citie. After vita Arken- 
 this Mauritius, Richard his successor, purchased the streetes *^^''' 
 about Paules Church, compassing the same with a wall of 
 stone and gates. King Henry the first gaue to this Richard 
 so much of the Moate or wall of the Castle, on the Thames 
 side to the South, as should be needful to make the saide wall 
 of the Churchyearde, and so much more as should suffice to 
 make a way without the wall on the North side, &c. 
 
 This Tower or Castle thus destroyed stood, as it may seeme, 
 in place where now standeth the house called Bridewell. For 
 notwithstanding the destruction of the said Castle or Tower, 
 the house remayned large, so that the Kings of this Realm TheKinges 
 long after were lodged there, and kept their Courtes : for Kride^'lj; ^^"" 
 vntill the 9. yeare of Henry the third, the Courts of law and * lee'street. 
 iustice were kept in the kinges house, wheresoeuer hee was 
 lodged, and not else where. And that the kinges haue beene 
 lodged and kept their Law courts in this place, I could shew 
 you many authors of Recorde, but | for plaine proofe this one Page 70 
 may suffice. Hcec est finalis concordia, facta in Curia Domini 
 regis aptid Sand. Bridgid. I^ondon, a die Saucti Mich ae lis in Lib. Burton, 
 15. dies. Anno regni regis lohannis 7. coram G. Fil. Petri. ^"P" '^^"'' 
 Eustacio de Fauconberg, Lohanne de Gestlinge, Osbart filio 
 Heruey, Walter de Crisping Justiciar. & aliis Baronibus Domini 
 Regis. More (as Mathew Paris hath) about the yeare 1210. Mathew Paris, 
 King lohn in the 12. of his raigne, summoned a Parliament at parliament at 
 S. Brides in London, where hee exacted of the Clergie and S- Brides, 
 religious persons the summe of looooo. poundes, & besides 
 all this, the white Monkes were compelled to cancell their 
 Priuiledges, and to pay 40000. poundes to the King&c. This 
 house of S. Brides of latter time being left, and not vsed by 
 the kinges : fell to ruine, insomuch that the verie platforme 
 thereof remayned for great part wast, and as it were, but a 
 
yo Towers and Castels 
 
 layestall of filth and rubbish : onely a fayre Well remayned 
 
 there, a great part of this house, namely, on the west, as hath 
 
 been said, was giuen to the Bishop of Salisbury, the other 
 
 Bridewel part towardcs the East, remayning waste, vntil king Henry 
 
 Henry'^the '^'^^ ^- builded a Stately and beautifull house thereupon, giuing 
 
 eight. it to name Bridewell, of the parish and well there : this house 
 
 he purposely builded for the entertainement of the Emperour 
 
 Charles the 5. who in the yeare 1522. came into this Citie, as 
 
 I haue shewed in my summarie, Annales, and large Chronicles. 
 
 On the northwest side of this Citie, neare vnto Redcrosse 
 Barbican or streete, there was a Tower commonlie called Barbican, or 
 enning. gm-j^j^ej^iiing^ fof jii^j- jj^e same being placed on a high ground, 
 and also builded of some good height, was in olde time vsed 
 as a Watch Tower for the Cittie, from whence a man might 
 behold and view the whole Citie towards the South, as also' 
 into Kent, Sussex and Surrey, and likewise euery other way, 
 east, north, or west. 
 
 Some other Burhkennings or Watch Towers there were of 
 olde time, in and about the Cittie, all which were repayred, 
 yea and others new builded, by Gilbart de Clare Earle of 
 Glocester, in the raigne of King Henry the third, when the 
 Barons were in Armes, and held the Citie against the King, 
 but the Barons being reconciled to his fauour in the yeare 
 Pas^ 71 1267. hee caused all their | Burhkenninges, watchtowers, and 
 
 Bulwarkes made and repayred by the sayd Earle, to be plucked 
 downe, and the ditches to be filled vp, so that nought of them 
 might be scene to remaine : and then was this Burhkenning 
 amongest the rest ouerthrowne and destroyed : and although 
 the ditch neare thereunto, called Hounds ditch was stopped 
 vp, yet the streete of long time after was called Houndes 
 ditch, and of late time more commonly called Barbican. 
 The plot or seate of this Burhkenning or watch tower, 
 king Edward the third in the yeare 1336. and the 10. of 
 his raigne, gaue vnto Robert Vfford Earle of Suffolke, by 
 the name of his Mannor of Base court, in the parish of 
 S. Giles without Cripplegate of London, commonly called 
 the Barbican. 
 
Towers and Castels 71 
 
 Toiver Royall was of old time the kings house, king Stephen Tower Royal, 
 was there lodged, but sithence called the Queenes Wardrobe : 
 the Princesse, mother to king Richard the 2. in the 4. of his 
 raigne was lodged there, being forced to flie from the tower of 
 London, when the Rebels possessed it : But on the 15. of 
 June (saith Frosard) Wat Tylar being slaine, the king went lohn Frosard. 
 to this Ladie Princesse his mother, then lodged in the Tower 
 Royall, called the Queenes Wardrobe, where she had tarried Lib. S. M. 
 3. dales and a. nights : which Tower (saith the Record of ^ °™™' 
 Edward the 3. the 36. yeare) was in the Parish of S. Michael 
 de Pater noster, &c. In the yere 1386, king Richard with 
 Queene Anne his wife, kept their Christmasse at Eltham, 
 whither came to him Lion king of Ermony, vnder pretence to The king of 
 reforme peace, betwixt the kinges of England and France, but jn™Emjland! 
 what his comming profited he only vnderstood : for besides 
 innumerable giftes that he receyued of the King, and of the 
 Nobles, the king lying then in this (Tower) Royall at the Richard the 3. 
 Queenes Wardrobe in London, graunted to him a Charter of a jo^er Royal 
 thousand poundes by yeare during his life. He was, as hee 
 affirmed, chased out of his kingdome by the Tartarians. More 
 concerning this Tower shall you read when you come to 
 Vintrie ward, in which it standeth. 
 
 Semes Tower in Bucklesberie, was sometimes the kinges Sernes Tower 
 
 _ , , , , . , . , . , , f 1 • ■" Buckles- 
 
 house. Edward the third m the eighteenth yeare ot his bnrie. 
 
 reigne, appoynted his Exchaunge of monyes therein to be 
 
 kept, and in | the 32. hee gaue the same Tower to his free Page ys 
 
 Chappell of Saint Stephen at Westminster. 
 
 Of Schooles and other houses of learning. 
 
 In the raizne of kins: Stephen, and of Henry the second, saith F'lmovs 
 
 ■ T 1 1 ■ ■ II /^i 7 Schooles of 
 
 Fitzstephen, there were tn London, three principalL Lliurclies : phiiosophie by 
 which had famous Schooles, either by priuiledge and auncient ^'^""^^f^ '" 
 dignitie, or by fanour of some per tiadar persons, as of Doctors 
 which were accounted notable & renowmed for knowledge in 
 Phiiosophie. And there were other inferior schooles also. Vpon 
 Festiuall dayes the Maisters made solenme meetings in the 
 Churches, zvhere their Scholers disputed Logically and demon- 
 
72 Of Schooles and other houses of learning 
 
 Solemne stratiuely : some bringing Enthimems, other perfect Sillogismes : 
 disputing of Some disputed for shew, others to trace out the truth : cunning 
 schoUers Sophisters were thought braue Scholers, when they flowed with 
 
 Logically and . 
 
 Demonstra- wordes : Others vsed fallac(J,')es : Rethoritians spake aptly to 
 t'ne'y- perswade, obseruing the precepts of Art, and omitting nothing 
 
 that might seme their purpose : the boyes of diuerse Schooles did 
 Grammar Cap or pot verses, and contended of the principles of Grammar : 
 scholers- their ^^^^'^ Were somc wMcJi on the other side with Epigrams and 
 exercises. rynies, nipping &• quipping their fellowes, and the faults of 
 others, though suppressiiig their names, moued thereby much 
 laughter among their Auditors: hitherto Fitzstephen ; for 
 Schooles and Schollers, and for their exercises in the Citie, 
 in his dayes, sithence the which time, as to me it seemeth, by 
 the increase of Colledges and Students in the Uniuersities of 
 Oxford and Cambridge, the frequenting of schooles and exer- 
 cises of schollers in the Citie as had beene accustomed hath 
 much decreased. 
 
 The three principall Churches, which had these famous 
 
 Schooles by priuiledges, must needes be the Cathedrall 
 
 Church of Saint Paule for one, seeing that by a generall 
 
 Fag' 73 Councell holden in | the yeare of Christ 1176. at Rome, in the 
 
 Mathcw Paris. Patriarchie of Laterane, it was decreed, that euerie Cathedrall 
 
 Enery Cathe- Church should haue his Schoolemaster to teach poore Schollers, 
 
 dral Church , , , , , , , , , 
 
 had his school and Others as had beene accustomed, and that no man should 
 
 schollers* *^'^^ ^"^ reward for licence to teach. The second as most 
 
 ingiilphus. auncient may seeme to haue beene the Monasterie of S. Peters 
 
 at Westminster, wherof Ingulphus, Abbot of Crowland in the 
 
 raigne of William the Conquerour, writeth thus : / Ingtdphus 
 
 an humble seruant of God, borne of English parents, in the 
 
 most beautifidl Citie of London, for to attaine to learning, was 
 
 first put to Westminster, and after to studie at Oxford, &c. 
 
 Free schoole And writing in praise of Queene Edgitha, wife to Edwarde 
 
 ster in the the Confessor : / hatce scene, saith hee, often when being but a 
 
 raigne of jjgy^ / came to sec my father dwelling in the Kinees Court, and 
 
 Edward the "^ ■ r c- 7 t t t , 
 
 Confessor. often commtug from bchoole, when I met her, she would oppose 
 me, touching my learning, and lesson, and falling from Gram- 
 mar to Logicke, wherin she had some knowledge, she wotdd 
 subtilly conclude an Argument with mee, and by her handmaiden 
 giue mee three or foure peeces of money, and sende mee vnto the 
 
Of Schooles and other houses of learning 73 
 
 Palace where I shoulde receyue some victuals, and then bee 
 dismissed. 
 
 The third Schoole, seemeth to haue beene in the Monasterie 
 of S. Sauiour at Bermondsey in Southwarke : for other Prio- 
 ries, as of Saint lohn by Smithfield, Saint Bartholomew in 
 Smithfield, S. Marie Ouerie in Southwarke, and that of the 
 Holie Trinitie by Aldgate, were all of later foundation, and 
 the Friaries, CoUedges, and Hospitals in this Citie, were raysed 
 since them in the raignes of Henrj> the 3. Edward the i. 3. 
 and 3. &c. All which houses had their schooles, though not 
 so famous as these first named. 
 
 But touching Schooles more lately aduanced in this Citie, I 
 reade that king Henrie the fift hauing suppressed the Priories priories aliens 
 aliens whereof some were about London, namely one Hos- ^"PP"''^'''^ • 
 pitall, called Our Ladie of Rounciuall by Charing Crosse : one 
 other Hospitall in Oldborne: one other without Cripplegate : 
 and the fourth without Aldersgate, besides other that are now 
 worne out of memorie, and whereof there is no monument 
 remaining more | then Rounciuall conuerted to a brother- P^s^ 14 
 hoode, which continued till the raigne of Henrie the 8. or 
 Edward the 6. this I say, and other their schools being broken 
 vp and ceased : king Henrie the sixt in the 24. of his raigne, Henry the sixt 
 by patent appointed, that there should bee in London, Gram- Grammar 
 mar schooles, besides S. Patdes, at S. Martins Le Grand, S. schooles. 
 Marie Le Bow in Cheap, S. Dunstons in the west and S. 
 Anthonies. And in the next yeare, to wit, 1394,^ the said 
 king ordained by Parliament that foure other Grammer Grammar 
 schooles should be erected, to wit, in the parishes of Saint p*^^;°°^ ^P" 
 Andrew in Oldborne, Alhallowcs the great in Thames streete, parliament. 
 S. Peters vpon Cornehill, and in the Hospitall of S. Thomas 
 of Aeons in west Cheape, since the which time as diuers 
 schooles by supressing of religious houses, whereof they were 
 members, in the raigne of Henrie the 8. haue beene decayed, 
 so againe haue some others beene newly erected, and founded 
 for them : as namely Paides schoole, in place of an old Pauls schoole 
 ruined house, was builded in most ample maner, and largely 
 indowed in the yeare 1512. by lohn Collet Doctor of Diuinitie 
 
 ^ For 1394 {Stow"), read 1447 
 
74 Of Schooles and other houses of learning 
 
 Deane of Paules, for i ^^. poore mens children : for which 
 there was ordayned a Maister, Surmaister, or Usher, and a 
 Free schools Chaplainc. Againe in the yeare 1553. after the erection of 
 Hospital. Christs Hospitall in the late dissolued house of the Gray 
 Friers, a great number of poore children being taken in, a 
 Schoole was also ordayned there, at the Citizens charges. 
 Freeschoole Also in the yere 1561 the Marchant Taylors of London 
 theVarchant fount^ed one notable free Grammar Schoole, in the Parish of 
 Taylors. S. Laurence Poultney by Candleweeke street, Richard Hils 
 
 late maister of that companie, hauing giuen 500. T. towarde 
 the purchase of an house, called the Mannor of the Rose, 
 sometime the Duke of Buckinghams, wherein the Schoole is 
 kept. As for the meeting of the Schoolemaisters, on festiuall 
 dayes, at festiuall Churches, and the disputing of their 
 Schollers Logically, &c., whereof I have before spoken, the 
 Schollers dis- same was long since discontinued : But the arguing of the 
 S^BartUmews Sclioole boyes about the principles of Grammer, hath beene 
 churchyard, continued cuen till our time : for I my selfe in my youth haue 
 yearely scene on the Eve of S. Bartholomeiv the Apostle, the 
 schollers of diners Grammer schooles repayre vnto the Church- 
 yard of S. Bartholomew, the Priorie in Smithfield, where vpon 
 Pag^ IS a banke boorded | about vnder a tree, some one Scholler hath 
 
 stepped vp, and there hath apposed and answered, till he were 
 by some better scholler ouercome and put downe : and then 
 the ouercommer taking the place, did like as the first : and In 
 the end the best apposers and answerers had rewards, which I 
 obserued not but it made both good Schoolemaisters, and also 
 good Schollers, diligently against such times to prepare them- 
 selues for the obtayning of this Garland. I remember there re- 
 payred to these exercises amongst others the Maisters and 
 Schollers of the free Schooles of S. Paules in London : of 
 Saint Peters at Westminster : of Saint Thomas Aeons Hos- 
 pitall : and of Saint Anthonies Hospitall : whereof the last 
 named commonly presented the best schollers, and had the 
 prize in those dayes. 
 Disputation of This Priorie of S. Bartholomew, being surrendred to Henrie 
 Christs th^ ^- those disputations of schollers in that place surceased. 
 
 Hospitall. And was againe, onely for a year or twaine, in the raigne of 
 Edward the 6. reuiued in the Cloyster of Christs Hospitall, 
 
Of Schooles and other houses of learning 75 
 
 where the best Schollers, then still of Saint Anthonies schoole, 
 were rewarded with bowes and arrowes of siluer, giuen to 
 them by sir Martin Bowes, Goldsmith. Neuerthelesse, how- 
 soeuer the encouragement fayled, the schollers of Paiiles, 
 meeting with them of S. Anthonies, would call them Anthonie 
 pigs, and they againe would call the other pigeons of Paules, Pigeons of 
 because many pigions were bred in Paules Church, and •'"" "" 
 Saint Anthonie was alwayes figured with a pigge following Anthonie 
 him : and mindfull of the former vsage, did for a long season P'SE*^- 
 disorderly in the open streete prouoke one another with Salue 
 tu quoqne, placet tibi mecnm disputare, placet ? and so pro- 
 ceeding from this to questions in Grammar, they vsually fall 
 from wordes, to blowes, with their Satchels full of bookes, 
 many times in great heaps that they troubled the streets, and 
 passengers : so that finally they were restrained with the 
 decay of Saint Anthonies schoole. Out of this schoole haue 
 spi'ong diuerse famous persons, whereof although time hath 
 buried the names of many, yet in mine owne remembrance 
 may be numbred these following. Sir Thomas Moore knight 
 Lord Chancelor of England, Doctor Nicholas Heath some- 
 time Bishop of Rochester, after of Worcester, and lastly, 
 Archbishop of Yorke, and Lord | Chancelor of England, Page 76 
 Doctor John Whitgift, Bishop of Worcester, and after Arch- 
 bishop of Canterburie, &c. 
 
 Of later time, in the yeare of Christ 1582. there was founded Lecture in 
 a publike lecture in Chirurgerie to be read in the Colledge of 
 Phisitions in Knightriders streete, to begin in the yeare 
 1584. on the sixt of May: and so to be continued for euer 
 twice euery weeke, on Wednesday, and Fryday. by the 
 honourable Baron, /^/2« lord Loinbley,a,nA the learned Richard 
 Caldwell, Doctor in Phisicke: the Reader whereof to be 
 Richard Forster Doctor of Phisicke, during his life. 
 
 Furthermore about the same time there was also begunne 
 a Mathematicall Lecture, to bee read in a faire olde Chappell, 
 builded by Simon Eayre, within the Leaden Hall : whereof Mathematical 
 
 -' ■' r I T 1 /- lecture read. 
 
 a learned Citizen borne, named Thomas Hood was the first 
 Reader. But this Chappell and other partes of that Hall 
 being imployed for stowage of goodes taken out of a great 
 Spanish Caracke, the said Lecture ceased any more to be 
 
76 Of Schooles and other houses of learning 
 
 read, and was then in the yeare 1588. read in the house of 
 
 Maister Thomas Smith in Grasse streete, &c. 
 
 Sir Thomas Last of a], sir Thomas Gresham knieht, Agent to the 
 
 Gresham. ^ __. , , , . 1 .,11 , . , 
 
 lectures to bee Queens Highnesse, by his last will and testament made in the 
 
 readinLon- yeare 1579. gaue the Royall Exchaunge, and all the buildings 
 thereunto appertayning, that is to say, the one moytie to the 
 Maior and communaltie of London and their successors, vpon 
 trust that they performe as shall be declared : and the other 
 moitie to the Mercers in like confidence. The Maior and 
 Communaltie are to find foure to reade Lectures, of Diuinitie, 
 Astronomic, Musicke, and Geometric, within his dwelling 
 house in Bishopsgate streete, and to bestow the summe of 
 200. pound, to wit, 50. pound the peece, &c. The Mercers 
 likewise are to find three Readers, that is in Ciuill law, 
 Phisicke, and Rethorick, within the same dwelling house, the 
 summe of 150.T. to euerie Reader 50.!. &c. Which gift 
 hath beene since that time confirmed by Parliament, to take 
 effect, and begin after the decease of the Ladie Anne Gresham, 
 which happened in the yeare 1596. and so to continue for 
 euer. Whereupon the Lecturers were accordingly chosen 
 and appointed to haue begun their readings in the Moneth 
 of June, 1 597- whose names were An\thonie Woo t ton for 
 Diuinite, Doctor Mathew Giiin for Phisicke, Doctor Henrie 
 Moimtlow for the Ciuill law, Doctor lohn Bull for Musicke, 
 Brerewood'^ for Astronomic, Henrie Brigges for Geometric, 
 and Caleb Willis for Rethoricke. These Lectures are read 
 dayly, Sundayes excepted, in the terme times, by euery 
 one vpon his day, in the morning betwixt nine and ten, in 
 Latine : in the after noone betwixt two and three, in English, 
 saue that D. Bull is dispensed with to reade the Musicke lec- 
 ture in English onely vpon two seuerall dayes, Thursday and 
 Saterday in the after noones, betwixt 3. and 4. of the clocke. 
 
 Names of the 
 7. first lec- 
 turers. 
 Page 77 
 
 Houses of students in the Common Lawe. 
 
 An vninersity JoUT besides all this, there is in and about this Citie, a whole 
 and'abouuMs Uuiuersitie, as it were, of students, practisers or pleaders and 
 Citie. ludges of the lawes of this realme, not lining of common 
 
 ' Brerewood] Beerewood, 1603 
 
students of the Common Lawe 
 
 77 
 
 stipends, as in other Uniuersities it is for y" most part done, 
 but of their owne priuate maintenance, as being altogither 
 fed either by their places, or practise, or otherwise by their 
 proper reuenue, or exhibition of parents & friends : for that 
 the yonger sort are either gentlemen, or the sons of gentle- 
 men, or of other most vvelthie persons. Of these houses there 
 be at this day 14. in all, whereof 9. do stand within the 
 liberties of this Citie, and 5. in the suburbs thereof, to wit : 
 
 Sergeants Inne in Fleetstreete (for Judges & 
 
 Sergeants Inne in Chancery lane 1 Sergeants only 
 
 The Inner Temple fin Fleetstreete, houses of 
 
 The Middle Temple 1 Court. 
 ■I Cliffords Inne in Fleetstreete 
 
 Thauies Inne in Oldborne 
 
 Furniuals Inne in Oldborne 
 
 Barnards Inne in Oldborne 
 \ Staple Inne in Oldborne 
 
 , Within the 
 \ liberties. 
 
 Houses of 
 students of the 
 common 
 lawes and 
 ludges. 
 
 Of euery these 
 Innes, ye may 
 read more in 
 their seuerall 
 places, where 
 they stand. 
 
 houses of 
 Chancerie. 
 
 Without the 
 I liberties. 
 
 Grayes Inne in Oldborne 
 Lincolns Inne in Chancerie 
 lane by the old Temple. 
 Clements Inne ' 
 New Inne 
 Lions Inne. 
 
 I houses of 
 I Court. 
 
 houses of Chancerie, without 
 Temple barre, in the liber- 
 tie of Westminster. 
 
 Page j8 
 
 There was sometime an Inne of Sargeants, in Oldborne, as A Sergeants 
 yee may reade of Scrops Inne ouer against Saint Andrcives borne. 
 Church. 
 
 There was also one other Inne of Chancerie, called Chester s Chesterslnne, 
 Inne, for the nearenesse to the Bishop of Chesters house, but 
 more commonly tearmed Strand Inne, for that it stoode in 
 Strand streete, and neare vnto Strand bridge without Temple 
 barre, in the libertie of the Duchie of Lancaster. This Inne 
 of Chancerie with other houses neare adioyning, were pulled 
 downe in the raigne of Edward the 6. by Edward Duke of 
 Sommerset, who in place thereof raised that large and beauti- 
 ful! house, but yet vnfinished, called Sommerset house. 
 
 There was moreouer in the raigne of king Henrie the sixt, 
 a tenth house of Chancerie, mentioned by lustice Fortescue, 
 in his booke of the lawes of England, but where it stood, 
 or when it was abandoned, I cannot finde, and therefore I will 
 leaue it, and returne to the rest. 
 
78 Shtdents of the Common Latve 
 
 Houses of The houses of Court bee replenished partly with young 
 
 they be. studentes, and partly with graduates and practisers of the 
 
 law : but the Innes of Chancerie being as it were, prouinces, 
 seuerally subiected to the Innes of Court, be chiefly furnished 
 with Ofificers, Atturneyes, Soliciters and Clarkes, that follow 
 the Courtes of the Kings Bench, or Common pleas ^ : and yet 
 there want not some other, being young students that come 
 thither sometimes from one of the Uniuersities, and some- 
 times immediately from Grammar schooles, and these hauing 
 spent sometime in studying vpon the first elements and 
 grounds of the lawe, and hauing performed the exercises of 
 their own houses (called Boltas Mootes, and putting of cases) 
 they proceed to be admitted, and become students in some 
 of these foure houses or Innes of Court, where continuing by 
 Page 79 the | space of seuen yeares, or thereaboutes, they frequent 
 
 readinges, meetings, boltinges, and other learned exercises, 
 whereby growing ripe in the knowledge of the lawes, and 
 approued withall to be of honest conuersation, they are either 
 by the generall consent of the Benchers, or Readers, being of 
 the most auncient, graue, and iudiciall men of euerie Inne of 
 the Court, or by the speciall priuiledge of the present reader 
 there, selected and called to the degree of Vtter Barreslers, 
 and so enabled to be common counsellers, and to practise the 
 law, both in their chambers, and at the Barres. 
 
 Of these after that they be called to a further steppe of 
 preferment, called the Bench, there are twaine euerie yeare 
 chosen among the Benchers of euery Inne of Court, to bee 
 readers there, who do make their readings at two times in the 
 yeare also : that is, one in Lent, and the other at the beginning 
 of August. 
 
 And for the helpe of young students in euerie of the Innes 
 of Chauncerie, they do likewise choose out of euery one Inne 
 of court a Reader, being no Bencher, but an vtter Barrester 
 there, of lo. or 13. yeares continuance, and of good profite in 
 studie. Nowe from these of the sayd degree of Counsellors, or 
 Vtter Barresters, hauing continued therein the space of four- 
 teene or fifteene yeares at the leaste, the chiefest and best 
 learned are by the Benchers elected to increase the number, as 
 ' pleas] place isqS, i6oj 
 
students of the Common Lawe 79 
 
 I sayd, of the Bench amongst them, and so in their time doc 
 become first single, and then double readers, to the students 
 of those houses of Court : after which last reading they bee 
 named Apprentices at the lawe, and in default of a sufficient Apprentices 
 number of Sergeants at law, these are, at the pleasure of the * 
 Prince, to be aduaunced to the places of Sergeants : out of 
 which number of Sergeants also the void places of Judges are 
 likewise ordinarily filled, albeit now and then some be aduaunced 
 by the speciall fauour of the Prince, to the estate, dignitie, and 
 place, both of Sergeant and Judge, as it were in one instant. 
 But from thenceforth they hold not any roome in those 
 Innes of Court, being translated to one of the sayde two 
 Innes, called Sergeantes Innes, where none but the Sergeants 
 and ludges do conuerse. 
 
 Of Orders and Customes. Pageso 
 
 Of Orders and Customs in this Citie of old time Fitzstephen Men of all 
 
 saith as folio weth : Men of all trades, sellers of all sorts ^/tinct places. 
 
 wares, labourers in etiery worke, eiiery morning are in their Wme in ships 
 
 distinct and seuer all places : furthermore, in London vpon the tauems. 
 
 riuer side, betweene the wine in ships, and the wine to be sold in ThameVs°uee" 
 
 Tauems, is a common cookerie or cookes row : there dayly for 
 
 the season of the y ere, men might haue meate, rost, sod, or fried: 
 
 fish, flesh, fowles, fit for rich and poor e. If any come suddenly 
 
 to any Citizen from afarre, wearie and not willing to tarrie till 
 
 the meate bee bought, and dressed, zvhile the seruant bringeth 
 
 water for his maisters hands, and fetcheth bread, he shall haue 
 
 immediately from the Riuers side, all viands whatsoeuer he 
 
 desireth,what mtdtitude soeuer, either of Souldiers, or straungers, 
 
 doe come to the Citie, zvhatsoeuer houre, day or night, according 
 
 to their pleasures may refresh themselues, and they which delight 
 
 in dilicatenesse may bee satisfied with as delicate dishes there, 
 
 as may be found else where. And this Cookes row is very 
 
 necessarie to the Citie: and, according to Plato in Gorgias^, 
 
 next to Phisicke, is the ofiice of Cookes, as part of a Citie. 
 
 ■ Gorgias] Gorgius 1603 
 
8o 
 
 Of Orders and Citstomes 
 
 Smith field for 
 a plain smooth 
 ground, is 
 called smelh 
 and smothie. 
 Market for 
 horses and 
 other cattell. 
 
 rage Si 
 
 Withoiit one of the Gates is a plaine field, both in name and 
 deed, ivhere cuery fryday, vnlesse it be a solemne bidden holy 
 day, is a notable shew of horses to bee solde, Earles, Barons, 
 knights, and Citizens repaire thither to see, or to buy: there 
 may you of pleasure see amblers pacing it dilicately : there may 
 you see trotters fit for men of armcs, sitting moi'e hardly : there 
 may you haue notable yong horse not yet broken : there may you 
 haue strong steedes, wel limmed geldings, whom the buiers do 
 especially regard for pace, and swiftnes : the boyes %vhich ride 
 these horses, sometime two, sometime three, doe runnc races for 
 wagers, with a desire of praise, or \ hope of vie tor ie. In an 
 other part of that field are to be sold all implements of hus- 
 bandry, as also fat swine, milch kine, sheepe and oxen : there 
 stand also mares and horses, fitte for ploughes and teames with 
 Marchants of their young coltcs by them. At this Citie Mar chant straungers 
 taded*auhis "f ^^^ nations had their keyes and zvharfes : the Arabians 
 sent golde : the Sabians spice and frankensence : the Scithian 
 armour, Babylon oyle, India purple garments, Egypt precious 
 stones, Norway and Russia Ambergrecce and sables, and the 
 French men wine. According to the truth of Chronicles, this 
 Citie is auncienter then Rome, built of the ancient Troyans and 
 of Bi-ute, before that was built by Ronmhis, and Rhemus : and 
 therefore vseth the ancient customes of Rome. This Citie euen 
 as Rome, is diuided into wardes : it hath yearely Shiriffes in 
 steede of Consulles : it hath the dignitie of Senators in Alder- 
 men. It hath vnder Officers, Common Sewers, and Conductes 
 in streetes, according to the qualitie of causes, it hath generall 
 Courtes : and assemblies vpon appointed dayes. I doe not thinke 
 that there is any Citie, wherein are better customs, in frequent- 
 ing the Churclies, in seruiug God, in keeping holy dayes, in 
 giuing almes, in enter iayning straungers, in solemnising Mar- 
 riages, in furnishing banquets, celebrating funerals, and buryijig 
 dead bodies. 
 
 The onely plagues of London, (^are) immoderate quaffing 
 among the foolish sort, and of ten casualties by fire. — Most part 
 couered with of the Bishops, Abbots, and great Lordes of the land haue houses 
 there, wherevnto they resort, and bestow much when they are 
 called to Parliament by the king, or to Counsell by their Meiro- 
 politane, or otherwise by their priuate businesse. 
 
 City, & had 
 their seuerall 
 Keyes and 
 wbarfes. 
 
 The Authors 
 opinion of 
 this Citie, the 
 antiquitie 
 thereof. 
 This Citie 
 diuided into 
 wards more 
 than 400. 
 years since, 
 and also had 
 then both 
 Aldermen and 
 Shiriffes. 
 
 Customes of 
 London. 
 
 Casualties of 
 fires when 
 houses were 
 
Of Orders and Ctistomes 8i 
 
 Thus farre Fitzstepken, of the estate of thinges in his time, 
 whereunto may be added the present, by conference whereof, 
 the alteration will easily appeare. 
 
 Men of trades and sellers of wares in this City haue ' 
 
 often times since chaunged their places, as they haue found 
 their best aduantage. For where as Mercers, and Haber- 
 dashers vsed to keepe their shoppes in West Cheape, of later 
 time they helde them on London Bridge, where partly they 
 yet remaine. The Gold|smithes of Gutherons lane, and old ^<^s« ^^ 
 Exchange, are now for the most part remooued into the 
 Southside of west Cheape, the Peperers and Grocers of Sopers 
 lane, are now in Bucklesberrie, and other places dispersed. 
 The Drapers of Lombardstreete, and of Cornehill, are seated 
 in Candlewickstreete, and Watheling streete: the Skinners 
 from Saint Marie Pellipers, or at the Axe, into Budge row, 
 and Walbrooke : The Stockefishmongers in Thames streete : Stockfish- 
 wet Fishmongers in Knightriders streete, and Bridge streete : Sd°fishstrelte, 
 The Ironmongers of Ironmongers lane, and olde lurie, into 'ind new fish- 
 Thames streete : the Vinteners from the Vinetree into diuers 
 places. But the Brewers for the more part remaine neare to 
 the friendly water of Thames : the Butchers in Eastcheape, 
 Saint Nicholas Shambles, and the Stockes Market : the 
 Hosiers of olde time in Hosier lane, neare vnto Smithfield, 
 are since remooued into Cordwayner streete, the vpper part 
 thereof by Bow Church, and last of all into Birchouerislane 
 by Cornehil : the Shoomakers and Curriors of Cordwayner 
 streete, remoued the one to Saint Martins Le Grand, the other 
 to London wall neare vnto Mooregate, the Founders remaine by 
 themselues in Lothberie : Cookes, or Pastelars for the more 
 part in Thames streete, the other dispersed into diuerse 
 partes. Poulters of late remooued out of the Poultrie betwixt 
 the Stockes and the great Conduit in Cheape into Grasse 
 streete, and Saint Nicholas Shambles : Bowyers, from Bow- 
 yers row by Ludgate into diuers places, and almost worne out 
 with the Fletchers : Pater noster makers of olde time, or 
 Beade makers, and Text Writers, are gone out of Pater 
 noster Rowe, and are called Stationers of Paules Church 
 yarde : Pattenmakers of Saint Margaret Pattens lane, cleane 
 worne out : Labourers euerie worke day are to bee founde in 
 
82 
 
 Of Orders and Customes 
 
 Marchants of 
 all nations. 
 
 Page Sj 
 
 Thomas Clif- 
 ford. 
 
 William of 
 Malmesbury. 
 
 Cheape, about Sopers lane ende : horse coursers and sellers of 
 Oxen, Sheepe, Swine, and such like, remaine in their olde 
 Market of Smithfield, &c. 
 
 That Marchants of all nations had theyr Keyes and wharfes 
 at this Citty whereunto they brought their Marchandises 
 before, and in the raigne of Henry the second, mine author 
 wrote of his ovvne knowledge to be true, though for the 
 antiquity of the Citty, | he tooke the common opinion. Also 
 that this Citie was in his time and afore diuided into wards, 
 had yearcly Sherifs, Aldermen, generall courts, and assemblies, 
 and such like notes by him set down, in commendation of 
 the Cittizens, whereof there is no question, he wrote likewise 
 of his owne experience, as being borne and brought vp 
 amongst them. And to confirme his opinion, concerning 
 Marchandises then hither transported, whereof happily may 
 bee some argument, Thomas Clifford (before Fitzstephens 
 time) writing of Edward the Confessor, sayeth to this effect : 
 King Edward intending to make his Sepulchre at West- 
 minster, for that it was neare to the famous Cittie of London, 
 and the Riuer of Thames, that brought in all kinde of Mar- 
 chandises from all parts of the world, &c. And William of 
 Malmsberie, that liued in the raigne of William the first 
 and seconde, Henry the first, and king Stephen, calleth this a 
 noble Cittie, full of wealthy citizens, frequented with the trade 
 of Marchandises from all partes of the world. Also I reade in 
 diuers records that of olde time no woade was stowed or 
 harbored in this Citty, but all was presently solde in the ships, 
 except by licence purchased of the Sherififes, till of more latter 
 time, to witte in the yeare 1236. Andrew Bokerell being 
 Mayor, by assent of the principall cittizens, the Marchants of 
 Amiens, Nele and Corby, purchased letters insealed with the 
 common scale of the Cittie, that they when they come, might 
 harborow their woades, and therefore should giue the Mayor 
 euery yeare 50. marks starling : and the same yeare they gave 
 loo.l.towardes the conueying of water from Tyborn to this cittie. 
 Alsothe Marchantes ofNormandie made fine for licenceto harbor 
 their Woades till it was otherwise prouided, in the yeare 1363. 
 Thomas Fitz Thomas being Mayor, &c. which proueth that then, 
 as afore, they were here amongst other nations priuiledged. 
 
Of Oyders and Cnstoines 83 
 
 It foUoweth in Fitzstephen, that the plagues of London ?« plagues of 
 that time zvere immoderate quaffing among fooles, and often jmoderat 
 casualties by fire. For the first, to wit of quaffing, it continueth quaffing and 
 as afore, or rather is mightily encreased, though greatiie fire. 
 qualified among the poorer sort, not of any holy abstinencie, 
 but of meere necessitie. Ale and Beere being small, and 
 Wines in price | aboue their reach. As for preuention of Page 84 
 casualties by fire the houses in this citty being then builded all 
 of timber and couered with thatch of straw or reed, it was Lib. Constitu- 
 long since thought good policie in our Forefathers, wisely to ybH 
 prouide, namely in the yeare of Christ, 1189. the first of Lib. Clarken- 
 Richard the first, Henry Fitzahvine being then Mayor, that all 
 men in this Citty should builde their houses of stone up to 
 a certaine height, and to couer them with slate or baked tyle : 
 since which time, thanks be giuen to God, there hath not 
 happened the like often consuming fires in this cittie as afore. 
 But now in our time, instead of these enormities, others are 
 come in place no lesse meete to bee reformed : namely. Pur- Purpresture in 
 
 , , , T T • 1 1 1 and about this 
 
 prestures, or enchrochmentes on the Highwayes, lanes, and citty. 
 common groundes, in and aboute this cittie, whereof a learned ^- ^^'ten- 
 Gentleman, and graue cittizen hath not many yeares since 
 written and exhibited a Booke to the Mayor and communaltie, 
 which Booke whether the same haue beene by them read, and 
 diligently considered vpon I know not, but sure I am nothing 
 is reformed since concerning this matter. 
 
 Then the number of carres, drayes, carts and coatches, 
 more then hath beene accustomed, the streetes and lanes 
 being streightned, must needes be daungerous, as dayly ex- 
 perience proueth. 
 
 The Coach man rides behinde the horse tayles, lasheth Carts and 
 them, and looketh not behind him : The Draye man sitteth ^gf^ou"^'ed 
 and sleepeth on his Drea, and letteth his horse leade him in this Citty 
 home : I know that by the good lawes and customes of this 
 Citty, shodde carts are forbidden to enter the same, except 
 vpon reasonable causes as seruice of the Prince, or such like, 
 they be tollerated. Also that the fore horse of euery carriage 
 .should bee lead by hand : but these good orders are not 
 obserued. Of olde time Coatches were not knowne in this 
 Island, but chariots or Whirlicotes, then so called, and they 
 
 G 1 
 
84 
 
 Of Orders and Custonies 
 
 Lib. S. Mary 
 Eborum. 
 Riding in 
 Wherlicotes. 
 
 Page &s 
 
 Riding in side 
 Sadies, that 
 were wont to 
 ride a stride. 
 Riding in 
 Coaches. 
 
 W. Fitz- 
 stephen. 
 
 onely vsed of Princes or great Estates, such as had their foot- 
 men about them : and for example to note, I read that 
 Richard the second, being threatned by the rebels of Kent, 
 rode from the Tower of London to the Myles end, and with 
 him his mother, because she was sicke and weake in a Wherli- 
 cote, the Earles of Buckingham, Kent, Warwicke and Oxford, 
 Sir Thomas Percie, Sir Robert Knowles, the Mayor of London, | 
 Sir Aubery de Vere that bare the kinges sword, with other 
 Knights and Esquiers attending on horsebacke. ^ He followed 
 in the next year the said king Richard, who took to wife ^ 
 Atine daughter to the king of Boheme, that first brought 
 hether the riding vpon side saddles, and so was the riding in 
 Wherlicoates and chariots forsaken, except at Coronations 
 and such like spectacles : but now of late yeares the vse of 
 coatches brought out of Germanic is taken vp, and made so 
 common, as there is neither distinction of time, nor difference 
 of persons obserued : for the world runs on wheeles with 
 many, whose parents were glad to goe on foote. 
 
 Last of all mine Author in this chapter hath these words : 
 Most part of the Bishops, Abbots, and great Lordes of the land, 
 as if they were Citizens and free men of London, had many 
 fayre houses to resort vnto, and many rich and ivealthy Gentle- 
 men spent their money there. And in an other place hee hath 
 these words : Euery sonday in Lent afresh companie of young 
 men comes into the fields on horsebacke, and the best horseman 
 conducteth the rest, then march forth the Cittizens sonnes, and 
 other young men with disarmed launces and shieldes, and 
 practise feates of warre ; many Courtiers likewise and at- 
 tendants of noble men repaire to this exercise, & whilst the hope 
 of victorie doth enflame their mindes, they doe shew good proof e 
 how seruiceable they would be in martial affaires, Src. Againe 
 he saith : This Cittie in the troublesome time of King Stephen 
 shewed at a muster 20000. armed horsemen, and 40000. foot- 
 men, seruiceable for the warres, &c. All which sayings of the 
 said Author well considered, doe plainely proue that in those 
 dayes, the inhabitants & repayrers to this Citie of what estate 
 soeuer, spirituall or temporal, hauing houses here, liued 
 
 '-^ But in the yeare next following, the said King Richard tooke to 
 wife, &c. isg& 
 
Of Orders and Custoines 85 
 
 together in good amity with the citizens, euery man obseruing The causes of 
 the customes & orders of the Citty, & chose to be contribu- '^nlmasterl'^^ 
 tary to charges here, rather than in any part of the land '" this Citie 
 
 1 rr^i ■ ■ >. /-IT-.! 1 of olcie time, 
 
 wheresoeuer. This citty bemg the hart of the Realme, the more then of 
 Kinges chamber, and princes seate whereunto they made '^t^- 
 repayre, and shewed their forces, both of horses and of men, 
 which caused in troublesome time, as of king Step/ten, the 
 Musters of this Cittie to be so great in number. | 
 
 Great families of old time kept. Pagess 
 
 And here to touch some what of greater families and Great families 
 householdes kept in former times by noble men, and great ^^pj ™^ 
 estates of this Realme, according to their honours or dignities. Tho. Earle of 
 
 LiiTiCcLstcr his 
 
 I haue scene an account made by H. Leicester, cofferer to housekeeping, 
 Thomas Earle of Lancaster, for one whole yeares expences in ?h^eYf^r*one 
 the Earles house, from the day next after Michaelmasse in the yeare. 
 seuenth yere of Edward the second, vntill Michaelmasse in Pontfract, as 
 the eight yeare of the same king amounting to the sum of I could 
 
 ^ , 5^. ,,. obtaine of 
 
 seuen thousand, nme hundred, liftie seuen pound thirteene m. Cudnor. 
 shillings foure pence halfe penny, as followeth, 
 
 To wit, in the Pantrie, Buttrie, and Kitchen, 3405.I. &c. 
 for 184. tunnes, one pipe of red or claret wine, and one tunne 
 of white wine bought for the house, 104. pound, xvij.s. vi.d. 
 
 For Grocerie ware, iSo.h'. 17.S. 
 
 For sixe Barrels of sturgeon, 19.11. 
 
 For 6800. stockfishes, so called, for dried fishes of all sorts, 
 as Lings, Habardines, and other, 4i.li. 6.s. 7.d. 
 
 For 1 7 14. pound of waxe, with Vermelion and Turpentine 
 to make red waxe, 314.11. 7.s. 4.d. ob. 
 
 For 2319. li. of Tallow candles for the houshold, and 1870. 
 of lights for Paris candles, called Perchers, 3i.li. H-s- 3-d. 
 
 Expences on the Earles great horses, and the keepers wages, 
 486.11. 4s. 3.d. ob. 
 
 Linnen cloth for the L. and his Chapleins, and for the 
 Pantrie, 43. li. i7.d. 
 
 For 129. dosen of Parchment with Inke, 4.1i. 8 s. 3.d. ob. 
 Summe, 5230.!!. 17.S. 7.d. ob. 
 
 Item for two clothes of Skarlet for the Earle against 
 Christmasse, one cloth of Russet, for the Bishop of Angew, 
 
86 
 
 Of Orders and Ctistomes 
 
 against 
 Christmasse. 
 
 159. clothes in 70. clothes of Blew for the knights, (as they were then 
 termed) 15. clothes of Medley for the Lords clearkes, 38. 
 clothes for the Esquiers, 15. clothes for Officers, 19. clothes 
 for Groomes, 5. clothes for Archers, 4. clothes for Minstrels 
 and Carpenters, with the sharing and carriage for the Earles 
 Liueries at Christmasse, 460.11. I5.d. 
 
 Item for 7. Furres of variable Miniuer (or powdred Ermin) 
 7. whoodes of Purple, 395. Furres of Budge for the Liueryes 
 of Barons, Knights, and Clarkes, 133. Furres of Lambe for 
 Es|quiers, bought at Christmasse, 147. li. 17.S. 8.d. 
 
 Item 65. clothes saffron colour, for the Barons and 
 Knights: in sommer, 12. red clothes mixt for Clearkes, 36. 
 clothes ray for Esquiers, one cloth ray for Officers coates 
 in sommer, and 4. clothes ray for carpets in the hall, for 
 345-11. 13.S. 8.d. 
 
 Item IOC. peeces of greene silke for the knights, 14. Budge 
 Furres for surcotes, J 3. whoodes of Budge for Clearks, and 
 75. furres of Lambs for the Lordes liueryes in sommer, with 
 Canuas and cords to trusse them, 73. li. 19. s. 
 
 Item Sadies for the Lords liueries in sommer 51. li. 6.s. 8,d. 
 
 Item one Sadie for the Earle of the Princes armes, 40.S. 
 Summe, 1079.11. i8.s. 3.d. 
 
 Page 57 
 
 104. cloathes 
 in liueries in 
 Sommer. 
 
 Northren 
 Russet 
 halfe yarde 
 & half quarter 
 brode, I haue 
 seene sold for 
 foure pence 
 the yard, and 
 was good 
 cloath of a 
 mingled 
 colour. 
 
 Item for things bought, whereof cannot be read in my 
 note, 34r.li. 14.S. i.d. ob. 
 
 For horses lost in seruice of the Earle, 8.1. 6.s. 8.d. 
 
 Fees payde to Earles, Barons, knights, and Esquiers, 
 633.11. 15.S. 5.d. 
 
 In gifts to knights of France, the Queene of Englands 
 nurces, to the Countesse of Warren, Esquiers, Minstrels, 
 Messengers and riders, 93.11. 14,5. 
 
 Item 168. yeards of russet cloth, and 34. coates for poore 
 men with money giuen to the poore on Maundie Thursday, 
 8.1i. 16.S. 7.d. 
 
 Item 34. siluer dishes, so many sawcers, and so many 
 cuppes for the Buttrie, one paire of Paternosters, and one 
 siluer coffen bought this yeare, 103.11. 5.S. 6.d. 
 
 To diuerse Messengers about the Earles businesse, 34.11. 
 19.S. 8. pence. 
 
Of Orders and Customes 87 
 
 In the Earles chamber, 5.1i. 
 
 To diuerse men for the Earles olde debts, 88.1i. i6.s. ob. q. 
 Summe, laoj.li. 7.3. ii.d. ob. q. 
 
 The expences of the Countesse at Pickering for the time 
 of this account, as in the Pantrie, Buttrie, Kitchen, and other 
 places, concerning these Offices, two hundred fourescore and 
 fiue pounds, thirteene shillings, halfepennie. 
 
 In Wine, Waxe, Spices, cloathes, Furres, and other things 
 for the Countesses Wardrobe, an hundred fiftie foure poundes | 
 seuen shillings, foure pence, halfepennie. ^"^^ ^^ 
 
 Summe, 439. li. 8.s. 6.d. q. 
 
 Summa totalis of the whole expences, 7957.11. 13. s. 4.d. ob. 
 Thus much for this Earle of Lancaster. 
 
 Moi'e, I read that in the 14. of the same Edward the Record tower. 
 second, Hugh Spencer the elder (condemned by the com- the^elde^^hir 
 munaltie) was banished the Realme, at which time, it was prouision for 
 
 r 11- ... , , . , <- 1 . • 1 • housekeeping, 
 
 lound by mquisition, that the said Spencer had m sundrie which shewcth 
 shires 59. Mannors: he had 28000. sheepe, loco. Oxen and r^"^^"'. . 
 Steeres, 1200. Kine, with their Calues, 40. Mares with their kept in 
 Coltes, 160. drawing horse, 2000. Hogges, 300. Bullockes, 40. °"'' °'' 
 Tunnes of wine, 600. Bacons, So. carkases of Martilmasse 
 beefe, 600. Muttons in larder, 10. Tuns of Sidar. His 
 armour, plate, iewels, and ready money, better then loooo.li. 
 jfi. sackes of wooU, and a librarie of bookes. Thus much 
 the Record : which prouision for houshold, sheweth a great 
 familie there to be kept. 
 
 Nearer to our time, I reade in the 36. of Henrie the sixt, Roh. Fabian's 
 
 • , i-iT^ii- 111 manuscript. 
 
 that the greater estates of the Realme bemg called vp to 
 London, 
 
 The Earle of Salisburie came with 500. men on horsebacke, 
 and was lodged in the Herber. 
 
 Richard Duke of Yorke with 400. men lodged at Baynards 
 Castell. 
 
 The Dukes of Excester and Sommerset, with 800. men. 
 
 The Earle of Northumberland, the Lord Egremont, and 
 the Lord Clifford, with 150c. men. 
 
 Richard Neuell Earle of Warwicke, with 600. men, all in 
 
88 Of Orders and Citstomes 
 
 Neuell earlcof red Jackcts, imbiodcicd with ragged staues before and behind, 
 
 housekeeping. ^^^^ was lodged in Warwicke Lane : in whose house there was 
 
 oftentimes six Oxen eaten at a breakfast, and euery Tauerne 
 
 was full of his meate, for he that had any acquaintaunce in 
 
 that house, might have there so much of sodden and rost 
 
 meate, as hee could pricke and carrie vpon a long Dagger. 
 
 Ric. Redman Richard Redman Bishop of Ehe, I'ioo, the 16. of Henric 
 Bishop of Ely. , ,,.,,. r •,• , , • i 
 
 the seuenth, besides his great famine, house keeping, almessc 
 
 dish, and reliefe to the poore, wheresoeuer he was lodged. 
 
 In his trauailing, when at his comming, or going to or from 
 
 Page Sp any towne, the | belles being rung, all the poore would come 
 
 togithcr, to whom he gaue euery one 6.d. at the least. 
 
 Tho. Woisey And HOW to notc of our owne time somewhat. Omitting 
 
 Arch, of York, jj^ this place T/io7?tas r-F^/i^j Archbishop of Yorke, and Car- 
 
 dinall, I referre the Reader to my Annales, where I haue 
 
 set downe the order of his house; and houshold, passing all 
 
 other subiectes of his time. His seruants dayly attending 
 
 in his house were neare about 400. omitting his seruants 
 
 seruants, which were many. 
 
 Lib. F.ly. Nicholas West Bishop of Ely, iij the yeare 1532. kept con- 
 
 of Eiv. ^ tinually in his house an hundred seruants, giuing to the one 
 
 halfe of them 53. s. 4.d. the peece yearely : to the other halfe 
 
 each 40. s. the peece, to euery one, for his winter Gowne, 
 
 foure yeards of broad cloath, and for his Sommer coate thre 
 
 yards and a halfe : he dayly gaue* at his Gates besides bread 
 
 and drinke, warme meate to two hundred poore people. 
 
 Edward Earl The housekeeping of Edward late Earle of Darbie, is not 
 
 "' ^' to be forgotten, who had 220. men in checke roll : his 
 
 feeding aged persons, twice euery day, sixtie and odde besides 
 
 all commers, thrise a weeke appoynted for his dealing dayes, 
 
 and euery good Fryday 2700. with meate drinke and money. 
 
 Thomas Lord Tliomas Audlcy Lord Chauncellpr, his familie of Gentlemen 
 
 AuJiey. before him in coates garded with veluet, and Chaines of 
 
 gold : his yeoman ^ after him in the same liuerie not garded. 
 Euery liuerie William Powlct Lord great maister, Marques of Win- 
 coat had three (-fester, kept the like number of Gentlemen and yeoman ^ in 
 yards of broad ' '^ ' 
 
 cloath. a liuery of Reding tawny, and gre|it reliefe at his gate. 
 
 Thomas Lord Cromwel, Earle of Essex kept the like, or 
 ' yeoman] 1603 ; yeomen 1633 
 
Of Orders and Customes 89 
 
 greater number in a liuery of gray Marble, the Gentlemen Thomas Lord 
 garded with Veluet, the yeoman ^ with the same cloth, yet '^"""'"^"■ 
 their skirtes large inough for their friends to sit vpon them. 
 
 Edward Duke of Sommerset was not inferiour in keeping Duke of 
 a number of tall and comely Gentlemen, and yeoman \ though """"^"^ • 
 his house was then in building, and most of his men were 
 lodged abroade. 
 
 The late Earle of Oxford, father to him that now liueth, Earleof 
 hath beene noted within these fortie yeares, to haue ridden <^^f°'''^- 
 into this Citie, & so to his house by London stone, with 80. 
 Gentlemen in a | liuery of Reading Tawny, and chaines of gold Page 90 
 about their necks before him, and 100. tall yeomen in the 
 like liuery to follow him without chaines, but all hauing 
 his cognisance of the blew Bore, embrodered on their left 
 shoulder. 
 
 Of charitable almes in old times gitien. 
 
 These as all other of their times gaue great relief to the 
 
 poore : I my selfe, in that declining time of charity, haue oft 
 
 seene at the Lord Cromwels gate in London, more then two Almes giuen 
 
 hundered persons serued twise euery day with bread, meate crlmweh * 
 
 and drinke sufficient, for hee obserued that auncient and gate. 
 
 charitable custome as all prelates, noble men, or men of 
 
 honour and worship his predecessors had done before him : 
 
 whereof somewhat to note for example. Venerable Bede Bade. 
 
 writeth that Prelates of his time hauing peraduenture but 
 
 wodden Churches, had not\yithstanding on their borde at 
 
 theyr meales one Almes dish, into the which was carued some Almes dish set 
 
 11-111 °^ Tables. 
 
 good portion of meate out of euery other dish broght to 
 
 their Table, all which was giuen to the poore, besides the 
 
 fragments left, in so much as in a hard time, a poore Pre- Almes dish 
 
 late wanting victuals, hath caused his almes dish, being siluer, poore. 
 
 to be diuided amongst the poore, therewith to shift as they 
 
 could, til God should send them better store. 
 
 Such a Prelate was Ethelwald Bishop of Winchester in Bishoppe of 
 
 ^^inchcstcr 
 
 the raigne of King Edgar, about the yeare of Christ, 963. ^is saying 
 hee, in a greate famine, solde away all the sacred vessels of '°i"gfg°^f *g 
 his Church, for to relieue the almost starued people, saying poore. 
 that there was no reason that the senseles Temples of God 
 ' yeoman] v. p. 88 
 
90 Of Orders ami Ctistomes 
 
 should abound in riches, and liuely Temples of the holy 
 Ghost to lacke it. 
 Bishoppe of Walter de Suifilde Bishoppe of Norwich was of the like 
 
 Norwich solde . , , , . . - , , i 
 
 his plate. minde : about the yeare 1245 in a time of great dearth, he 
 
 solde all his plate, and distributed it to the poore euery 
 
 pennyworth. 
 
 Archbishoppe Robert Winchclsey Archbishoppe of Canterbury, about the 
 
 his charity. ' ^ yeaie 1293. besides the dayly fragments of his house, gaue 
 
 euery fryday and sunday vnto euery beggar that came to his 
 
 gate, a lofe of bread sufficient for that day, and there more 
 
 vsually, euerie such Almes day in time of dearth, to the 
 
 number of 5000. and otherwise 4000. at the least : more, hee 
 
 vsed euery great Festiuall day to giue 150. pence to so 
 
 rage 9/ many poore people, to sende daylie | meate, bread and drinke, 
 
 to such as by age, or sickenesse were not able to fetch his 
 
 almes, and to send meate, money and apparell to such as 
 
 he thought needed it. 
 
 Peter de I reade in 1171, that Henrie the second after his returne 
 
 TentiK)usand '"''^ England, did pennance for the slaughter of Thomas 
 
 poore people Becket, of whom (a sore dearth increasing) ten thousand 
 
 sustained by persons, from the first of Aprill, till new corne was inned, were 
 
 Henrie the 2. dayly fed & sustained. 
 
 Record of the More, I find recorded that in the yeare 1236, the 20. of 
 
 Tower. Henrie the third, William de Hauerhull the kinges Treasurer 
 
 fed 6000. "" was commaunded, that vppon the day of the Circumcision of 
 
 poore people our Loid, 6000. poofc people should be fed at Westminster, 
 
 for the state of the king, Queene, and their children. The like 
 
 commaundement, the said king Henrie gaue to Hugh Gifford, 
 
 and William Browne, that vpon Fryday next after the 
 
 Epiphanie, they should cause to be fed in the great Hall at 
 
 Windsore, at a good fire, all the poore and needie children 
 
 that could be found, and the kings children being weighed and 
 
 measured, their weight and measure to be distributed for 
 
 their good estates. These fewe examples for charitie of kings 
 
 may suffice. 
 
 I reade in the raigne of Edivard the third, that Richard de 
 Berie Bishop of Durham, did weekely bestow for the reliefe 
 of the poore eight quarters of wheate made into bread, besides 
 his almes dish, fragments of his house, and great summes of 
 
Of Orders and Ctistomes 91 
 
 mony giuen to the poore when he iourneyed. And that 
 these almes dishes were as well vsed at the Tables of Noble 
 men, as of the Prelates, one note may suffice in this place. 
 
 I reade in the yeare 1453, that Richard Duke of YorkeDukeof 
 then clayming the Crowne, the Lord Riuers should haue ^1^* ^"h 
 passed the Sea about the kings business, but staying at contained a 
 Plimmoth till his money was spent, and then sending for more, ofttluer?" 
 the Duke of Sommerset sent him the Image of Saint George in 
 siluer and golde, to be solde, with the almes dish of the Duke 
 of Glocester, which was also of great price, for coyne had 
 they none. 
 
 To ende of Orders and Customes in this Citie: also of great 
 families kept by honourable persons thither repayring. And 
 of charitable almes of olde time giuen, I say for conclusion, 
 that all noble persons, and other of honour and worship, in 
 former times lodging | in this Citie, or liberties thereof, did Page 9^ 
 without grudging, beare their parts in charges with the Citizens, 
 according to their estimated estates, as I haue before said, and 
 could proue by examples, but let men call to minde sir Thomas 
 Cromzvel then Lord priuie Scale, and Vicker generall, lying Th. Cromwell 
 in the Citie of London, hee bare his charges to the great mnsterf"^^* 
 muster there, in Antto 1539. he sent his men in great number 
 to the Miles ende, and after them their armour in Carres, with 
 their coates of white cloth, the armes of this Citie, to wit, a red 
 crosse, and a sword on the breast, and backe, which armour 
 and coates they ware amongst the Citizens, without any 
 difference, and marched through the Citie to Westminster. 
 
 Sports and pastimes of old time vsed in this Citie. 
 l^ET vs now {saith Fitzstephen) come to the sportes ««^ of sports and 
 pastimes, seeing it is fit that a citie should not only he thTs'atfe,'" 
 commodious and serious, but also merrie and sportful : where- euerie thing 
 upon in the scales of the Popes, vntil the time of Pope Leo, on the ^ time to 
 one side was S. Peter fishing with a key ouer him, reached as it weepe, a time 
 were by the hand of God out of heauen, and about it this verse, a time 
 
 Tu pro me nauem liquisti, suscipe clauem. TtimeTo' ''"'' 
 
 And on the other side was a Citie, and this inscription on it. daunce. 
 Aurea Roma. Likewise to the praise of Augustus Csesar, and '^^ ^^- ^" 
 the Citie in respect of the shewes and sports was writen : 
 
92 sports and Pastimes 
 
 Nocte pluit tota, redeunt spectacula mane, &c. 
 All itight it raincs, and shews at viorrozvlidc ir tunic again. 
 Afid Cxsar ivith almighty lone hath matcht an equal raign. 
 
 Stage pUjes. Bnt London for the shews vpon Theaters, and Comicall 
 
 pastimes, hath holy playes, representations of inyracles which 
 holy Confessonrs hane wronght, or representations of torments 
 
 Page 9} wlierein the constancie of Martyrs appeared. Enery j yeare also 
 
 at SJironetnesday, that we may begin zvith childrens sports, 
 seeing we al hane beene children, the schoole boyes do bring 
 Cockes of the game to their master, and all the forenoone they 
 
 Cock fighting, delight themselnes in Cockfighting : after dinner all the yonthes 
 go into the fields to play at the bal. The schollers of enery 
 schoole hane their ball, or baston, in their hands: the anneietit 
 
 Ball play. and wealthy mc7t of the Citie come foorth on horscbackc to see 
 the sport of the yong men, and to take part of the pleasure in 
 beholding their agilitie. Eneiy Fryday in Lent a fresh company 
 of young men comes into the field on horseback, and the best 
 horseman conditcteth the rest. Then march forth the Citizens 
 sons, and other yong men ivith disarmed launces and shields. 
 
 Exercises of and there they practise feates of warre. A I any Courtiers like- 
 
 warhke feates ^^-^^ when the king Ueth nere, and attendants of noble men doe 
 
 on norsebacke " ' •' 
 
 with disarmed repair e to these exercises, and while the hope of victorie doth 
 inflame their minds, do shew good proof e hozv sernieeable they 
 Hattaileson would bee in martiall affayrcs- In Easter holy dayes they fight 
 the water. battailcs On the water, a shield is hanged vpon a pole, fixed in 
 the midst of the stream, a boat is prepared without oares to bee 
 caried by violence of the water, and in the fore part thereof 
 standeth a yoking man, readie to gine charge vpon the shield 
 with his launce : if so be liee breaketh his launce against the 
 shield, and doth not fall, he is thought to have performed 
 a worthy deed. If so be zvithont breaking his lannee, lie run- 
 neth strongly against the shield, downe he falleth into the water, 
 for the boat is violently forced with the tide, but on each side of 
 the shielde ride tzuo boates, furnished ivith yong men, which 
 Leaping rccouer him that falleth ''- as soone as they viay. Vpon the 
 
 dancing, bridge, wharfes, and houses, by the riuers side, stand great 
 
 wrestling. numbers to see, & laugh tJierat. In the holy dayes all the 
 Sonimer the youths are exercised in leaping, dancing, shooting, 
 ' baston] bastion isgS, i6oj - falleth] falteth i6oj 
 
Spoyts and Pastimes 93 
 
 'wrastling^ casting the stone, and practising their shields : the Dauncing, 
 Maidens trip in their Timbrels, and daunce as long as they can Bolre!'lfayUng 
 well see. In Winter eiicry holy day before dinner, the 5<7«r^j of Beares and 
 prepared for brawne are set to fight, or else Buls and Beares ^" ^^" 
 are bayted. 
 
 When the great fenne or Moore, which water eth the wals \ of Page 94 
 the Citie on the North side, is frozen, many yong men play The Moore- 
 vpon the yce, some striding as wide as they may, doe slide f^ere w'lTn 
 swiftly : others make themselues seates of yce, as great as ditch by the 
 Milstones : one sits downe, many hand in hand doe draw him, cftie."^ '''^ 
 and one slipping on a sudden, all fall togither : some tie bones sliding on the 
 to their feete, and vnder their heeles, and shouing themselues ^'^^' 
 by a little picked Staff e, doe slide as swiftly as a bird fiieth in 
 the ayre, or an arrow otit of a Crossebow. Sometime two 
 runne togither with Poles, and hitting one the other, eyther one 
 or both doe fall, not without hurt: some breake their armes, 
 some their legges, but youth desirous of glorie in this sort 
 exerciseth it selfe agaynst the time of warre. Many of the 
 Citizens doe delight themselues hi Hawkes, and hotmdes, for Hauking and 
 they haue liber tie of hunting in Middlesex, Hartfordshire, all ^°"""S- 
 Chiltron, and in Kent to the water of Cray. Thus farre 
 Fitzstephen of sportes. 
 
 These or the like exercises haue beene continued till our A stage play 
 time, namely in stage playes, whereof ye may read in Anno ^"dayes*^ 
 1391. a play by the parish Clearkes of London at the Skinners 
 well besides Smithfield : which continued three dayes togither, 
 the king Queene and Nobles of the Realme being present. 
 And of another, in the yeare 1409. which lasted eight dayes, A stage play 
 and was of matter from the creation of the world, whereat was eight d^ayes 
 present most part of the Nobilitie, and Gentrie of England. Of Theater and 
 late time in place of those Stage playes, hath beene vsed com^di s & 
 Comedies, Tragedies, Efiterludes, and Histories, both true and other shewes. 
 fayned : For the acting whereof certaine publike places haue 
 beene erected. Also Cockes of the game are yet cherished Cocke fight. 
 by diuerse men for their pleasures, much money being laide 
 on their heades, when they fight in pits whereof some be 
 costly made for that purpose. The Ball is vsed by noble men The Ball at 
 and gentlemen in Tennis courts, and by people of meaner sort ^°°'^ ^ *''" 
 in the open fields, and streetes. 
 
94 
 
 Spovts and Pastimes 
 
 Page <)S 
 
 Running at 
 the Qninten 
 for prises. 
 Math. Paris. 
 
 The kings 
 seruants 
 deriding the 
 Citizens were 
 sore beaten, 
 but the 
 Citizens were 
 fined by the 
 king. 
 
 Quinten vpon 
 Cornehill. 
 
 pared as a 
 the Court 
 
 Running with 
 staues on the 
 Thames. 
 
 Leaping, 
 dancing, 
 shooting, 
 wrestling. 
 
 Matthew 
 Paris, 
 
 The marching forth of Citizens sonnes, and other yong 
 men on horsebacke, with disarmed Launces and Shieldes, 
 there to practise feates of warre, man agaynst man, hath long 
 since been left of, but in their Citie, they haue vsed on horse- 
 backe, to runne at a dead marke, called 
 a Quinten : for note whereof I reade, 
 that in | the yeare of Christ 1253, the 
 38. of Henrie the third, the youthful! 
 Citizens, for an exercise of their acti- 
 uitie, set forth a game to runne at the 
 Quinten, and whosoeuer did best, should 
 haue a Peacocke, which they had pre- 
 prise : certaine of the kings seruants, because 
 lay then at Westminster, came as it were in 
 spite of the Citizens, to that game, and giuing reprochfull 
 names to the Londoners, which for the dignitie of the Citie, 
 and auncient priuiledge which they ought to haue enioyed, 
 were called Barons : the said Londoners, not able to bear so 
 to be misused, fell vpon the kings seruants, and bet them 
 shrewdly, so that vpon complaint (to) the king, he fined the 
 Citizens to pay a thousand Markes. This exercise of running 
 at the Quinten, was practised by the youthful! Citizens, as well 
 in Sommer as in Winter, namely, in the feast of Christmasse, 
 I haue seene a Quinten set vpon Cornehill, by the Leaden 
 Hall, where the attendantes on the Lords of merrie Disports 
 haue runne, and made great pastime, for he that hit not the 
 brode end of the Quinten, was of all men laughed to scorne, 
 and he that hit it full, if he rid not the faster, had a sound 
 blowe in his necke, with a bagge full of sand hanged on the 
 other end. I haue also in the Sommer season seene some vpon 
 the riuer of Thames rowed in whirries, with staues in their 
 hands, flat at the fore end, running one against another, and for 
 the most part, one, or both ouerthrowne, and well dowked. 
 
 On the Holy dayes in Sommer, the youthes of this Citie, 
 haue in the field exercised themselues, in leaping, dauncing, 
 shooting, wrestling, casting of the stone or ball, &c. 
 
 And for defence and vse of the weapon, there is a special! 
 profession of men that teach it. Ye may reade in mine 
 Annates, how that in the yeare 122a. the Citizens kept games 
 
sports and Pastimes 95 
 
 of defence, and wrestlings neare vnto the Hospitall of Saint Games of 
 Giles in the field where they chalenged, and had the mastrie '^^'^"'^«' 
 of the men in the Suburbs, and other commoners, &c. Also 
 in the yeare .1453. of a tumult made agaynst the Maior, at 
 the wrestling besides Clearkes well, &c. Which is sufficient 
 to proue that of olde time the exer|cising of wrestling, and such Page 96 
 like hath beene much more vsed then of later yeares. The 
 youthes of this Citie also haue vsed on holy dayes after Euen- 
 ing prayer, at their Maisters doores, to exercise their Wasters 
 and Bucklers : and the Maidens, one of them playing on a Playing at the 
 Timbrell, in sight of their Maisters and Dames, to daunce bucklers. 
 for garlandes hanged thwart the streetes, which open pastimes Dauncing for 
 in my youth, being now suppressed, worser practises within f^e streets? 
 doores are to be feared : as for the bayting of Bulles and 
 Bears, they are till this day much frequented, namely in 
 Bearegardens on the Banks side, wherein be prepared Scaf- 
 folds for beholders to stand vpon. Sliding vpon the Ice is 
 now but childrens play: but in hawking & hunting many 
 graue Citizens at this present haue great delight, and doe 
 rather want leysure then good will to follow it. 
 
 Of triumphant shewes made by the Citizens of London; yee Matthew 
 may read in the yere 1236. the ao. of Henrie the third, g^"^'^^ f^^^ 
 Andrew Bokerell,^ then being Maior, how Helianor daughter triumphes. 
 to Reymond Earle of Prouance, riding through the Citie 
 towardes Westminster, there to be crowned Queene of Eng- 
 land, the Citie was adorned with silkes, and in the night with 
 Lamps, Cressets, and other lights, without number, besides The Citizens 
 many Pageants, and straunge deuises there presented, the 
 Citizens also rode to meet the King and Queene, clothed in imbrodered 
 long garments embrodered about with gold, and silks of di- e*™™'^- 
 uerse colours, their horses gallantly trapped to the number of 
 360. euery man bearing a cup of gold or siluer in his hand, 
 and the kings trumpetters sounding before them : These Citi- 
 zens did minister wine, as Bottelers, which is their seruice at 
 the coronation. More, in the yeare 1298. for victorie obtained 
 by Edward the first agaynst the Scots, euery Citizen accord- 
 ing to their seuerall trade, made their seuerall shew, but speci- 
 ally the Fishmongers, which in a solemne Procession passed 
 ' Bokerell] Bockwell 1398, 1603 
 
96 Spovts and Pastimes 
 
 Fishmongers through the Citie, hauing amongest other Pageants and shews, 
 FriumT)h°of °'' foure Sturgeons guiU, caried on four horses : then foure 
 victory against Salmons of Silver on foure horses, and after them six & fortie 
 more then ' armed knights riding on horses, made like Luces of the sea, 
 1000. hors- j^nd then one representing Saint Magttes, because it was vpon 
 S. Magnes day, with a thousand horsemen, &c. 
 
 One other shew in the yeare 1377, made by the Citizens for| 
 P'^g' 97 disport of the yong prince Richard, son to the blacke prince, 
 
 A shew by in the feast of Christmas in this manner. On the Sonday 
 bdng a^lom- before Candlemas in the night, one hundred and thirty Citti- 
 meryof more zens disguised, and well horsed in a mummerie with sound of 
 horses. Trumpets, Shackbuts, Cornets, Shalmes, and other Minstrels, 
 
 and innumerable torch lights of Waxe, rode from Newgate 
 through Cheape ouer the bridge, through Southwarke, and so 
 to Kennington besides Lambhith, where the young Prince 
 remayned with his mother and the Duke of Lancaster his 
 vncle, the Earles of Cambridge, Hertford, Warwicke and 
 Suffolke, with diuers other Lordes. In the first ranke did 
 ride 48. in the likenes and habite of Esquires, two and two 
 together, cloathed in redde coates and gownes of Say or 
 Sindall \ with comely visors on their faces : after them came 
 riding 48. knightes in the same liuery, of colour and stuffe : 
 Then followed one richly arrayed like an Emperour, and after 
 him some distance, one stately tyred like a Pope, whom fol- 
 lowed 24. Cardinals, and after them eight or tenne with black 
 visors not amiable, as if they had beene Legates from some 
 forrain Princes. These maskers after they had entered the 
 Mannor of Kennington, alighted from their horses, and entred 
 the hall on foot, which done, the Prince, his mother, and the 
 Lordes came out of the Chamber into the hall, whome the 
 saide mummers did salute : shewing by a paire of dice vpon 
 the table their desire to play with the Prince, which they so 
 handled, that the Prince did alwayes winne when hee cast 
 The Prince did them. Then the mummers set to the Prince three jewels, one 
 lewefs of the ^^er another, which were a boule of gold, a cup of gold, and 
 Maskers. a ring of gold, which the Prince wanne at three casts. Then 
 they set to the Princes mother, the Duke, the Earles, and 
 other Lordes, to euery one a ring of gold, which they did also 
 ' Sindall] Sandall i6oj 
 
sports and Pastimes 97 
 
 win : After which they were feasted, and the musicke sounded, 
 the prince and Lords daunced on the one part with the mum- 
 mers, which did also daunce : which iolitie being ended, they 
 were againe made to drinke, and then departed in order as 
 they came. 
 
 The like was to Henry the fourth in the %. of his raigne, hee 
 then keeping his Christmas at Eltham, xv Aldermen of London 
 and their sonnes rode in a mumming, and had great thanks. 
 
 Thus much for sportfull shewes in Triumphes may suffice : | 
 now for sportes and pastimes yearely vsed, first in the feaste Page pS 
 of Christmas, there was in the kinges house, wheresoeuer hee L. of Misrule 
 
 ° . at Christmas. 
 
 was lodged, a Lord of Misrule, or Maister of merry disports, 
 and the like had yee in the house of euery noble man, of 
 honor, or good worshippe, were he spirituall or temporall. 
 Amongst the which the Mayor of London, and eyther of the 
 shiriffes had their seuerall Lordes of Misrule, euer contending 
 without quarrell or offence, who should make the rarest 
 pastimes to delight the Beholders. These Lordes beginning 
 their rule on Alhollon Eue, continued the same till the morrow 
 after the Feast of the Purification, commonlie called Candle- 
 mas day : In all which space there were fine and subtle dis- 
 guisinges, Maskes and Mummeries, with playing at Cardes 
 for Counters, Nayles and pointes in euery house, more for 
 pastimes then for gaine. 
 
 Against the feast of Christmas, euery mans house, as also 
 their parish churches were decked with holme, luie, Bayes, 
 and what soeuer the season of the yeare aforded to be greene : 
 The Conduits and Standardes in the streetes were likewise 
 garnished, amongst the which I reade in the yeare 1444. that 
 by tempest of thunder and lightning, on the first of Februarie Tempestes of 
 at night, Powles steeple was fiered, but with great labour tifunder^ered 
 quenched, and towarde the morning of Candlemas day, at the Powles 
 Leaden Hall in Cornhill, a Standarde of tree being set vp in ouerthrewthe 
 midst of the pauement fast in the ground, nayled ful of Holme Leadenhail & 
 and luie, for disport of Christmas to the people, was torne vp, threw stones 
 and cast downe by the malignant spirit (as was thought) and mentlnto"*" 
 the stones of the pauement all aboute were cast in the streetes, mens houses. 
 and into diuers houses, so that the people were sore agast of 
 the great tempests. 
 
98 sports and Pastimes 
 
 Twisted trees In the weeke before Easter, had ye great shewes made for 
 woods. ^ t^^ fetching in of a twisted tree, or With, as they termed it, 
 out of the Woodes into the Kinges house, and the like into 
 euery mans house of Honor or Worship. 
 May games. In the moneth of May, namely on May day in the morn- 
 ing, euery man, except impediment, would walke into the 
 sweete meadowes and greene woods, there to reioyce their 
 spirites with the beauty and sauour of sweete flowers, and with 
 the harmony of birds, praysing God in their kind, and for 
 Page 99 example hereof Edward \ Hall hath noted, that K. Henry the 
 
 Edward Hall, eight, as in the 3. of his raigne and diuers other yeares, so 
 namely in the seauenth of his raigne on May day in the morn- 
 ing with Queene Katheren his wife, accompanied with many 
 Lords and Ladies, rode a Maying from Green witch to the 
 high ground of Shooters hill, where as they passed by the way, 
 they espied a companie of tall yeomen cloathed all in Greene, 
 with greene whoodes, and with bowes and arrowes to the 
 Robin hoode number of 200. One being their Chieftaine was called Robin 
 shot before" Hoode, who required the king and his companie to stay and 
 the king. gee his men shoote, whereunto the king graunting, Robin 
 hoode whistled, and all the aoo. Archers shot off, loosing all at 
 once, and when he whistled againe, they likewise shot againe, 
 their arrowes whistled by craft of the head, so that the noyse 
 was straunge and loude, which greatly delighted the King, 
 Queene, and their Companie. Moreouer, this Robin Hoode 
 desired the King & Queene with their retinue to enter the 
 greene wood, where, in harbours made of boughes, and decked 
 with flowers, they were set and serued plentifully with venison 
 and wine, by Robin Hoode and his meynie, to their great con- 
 tentment, and had other Pageants and pastimes as ye may 
 reade in my saide Authour. I find also that in the moneth of 
 May, the Citizens of London of all estates, lightly in euery 
 Parish, or sometimes two or three parishes ioyning togither, 
 had their seuerall mayings, and did fetch in Maypoles, with 
 diuerse warlike shewes, with good Archers, Morice dauncers, 
 and other deuices for pastime all the day long, and towards 
 the Euening they had stage playes, and Bonefiers in the 
 streetes : of these Mayings, we reade in the raigne of Henry 
 the sixt, that the Aldermen and Shiriffes of London being on 
 
sports and Pastimes 99 
 
 May day at the Bishop of Londons wood in the parish of Bishops wood 
 Stebunheath, and hauing there a worshipfull dinner for them- byVe^Lnhall 
 seKies and other commers, Lydgate the Poet that was a Monke gi'eene. 
 of Bery, sent to them by a Pursiuant a ioyfull commendation 
 of that season containing 16. staues in meter Royal!, beginning 
 thus. 
 
 Mightie Flora, Goddesse of fresh flowers. The pleasant 
 
 which clothed hath the soyle in lustie greene. rammended^'' 
 
 Made buds spring, with her swcete showers, \ 
 
 by influence of the Snnne shine. Page 100 
 
 To doe pleasance of intent full cleane, 
 vnto the States which now sit here. 
 Hath Ver^ downe sent her owne daughter deare. 
 
 Making the vertue, that dured^ in the roote. 
 Called of Clarkes, the vertue vegitable, 
 
 for to transcend, most holsonie and most soote 
 Into the crop, this season so agreeable, 
 
 the bawmy liquor, is so commendable, 
 That it reioyceth, with his fresh moysture, 
 
 man, beast, and fowle, and euery creature, Ss^c. 
 
 These great Mayings and Maygames made by the gouernors 
 and Maisters of this Citie, with the triumphant setting vp of 
 the great shaft (a principal! May-pole in Cornehill, before 
 the Parish Church of S. Andrew) therefore called Undershaft, 
 by meane of an insurrection of youthes against Aliens on 
 may day, 151 7, the ninth of Henry the 8. haue not beene 
 so freely vsed as afore, and therefore I leaue them, and wil 
 somewhat touch of watches as also of shewes in the night. 
 
 Of watches in this Citie, and other (Matters)^ 
 commanded, and the cause why. 
 
 vV ILLIAM Conqueror commaunded, that in euerie towne Curfew Bell 
 
 and village, a Bell should be nightly rung at eight of ^fjj^jj,°p^'j^ 
 
 the clocke, and that all people should then put out their manded fire 
 
 fire, and candle, and take their rest : which order was ob- to be 
 
 serued through this Realme during his raigne, and the raigne quenched. 
 
 ' Ver\ i6j3 ; 1603 Vere '^ dured] dared 1603 
 
 ' (Matters) add. 1633 
 
 H a 
 
lOO " Of watches in London 
 
 of William Rufiis : but Henrie the first, restoring to his 
 
 subiects the vse of fire and lights, as afore : it followeth by 
 
 reason of warres within the realme, that many men also gaue 
 
 themselues to robberie and murders in the night, for example 
 
 Page 101 whereof in this Citie, Roger Hoiiedcn writeth thus : In | the 
 
 Rog. Houedeu yeare 1 1 75- a Councell was kept at Notingham : In time of 
 
 manuscnpt. ^yj^j^-j^ Councell, a brother of the Earle Ferrers being in the 
 
 night priuily slaine at London, and throwne out of his Inne, 
 
 into the durtie street, when y^ king vnderstood therof, he 
 
 sware that he would be auenged on the Citizens. For it was 
 
 then (saith mine Authour) a common practise in the Citie, that 
 
 an hundred or more in a company, yong and old, would make 
 
 nightly inuasions vpon houses of the wealthie, to the intent to 
 
 rob them, and if they found any man stirring in the Citie 
 
 within the night, that were not of their crew, they would 
 
 presently murder him : insomuch, that when night was come, 
 
 no man durst aduenture to walke in the streetes. When this 
 
 had continued long, it fortuned that, as a crew of yong and 
 
 Nightwalkers wealthie Citizens, assembling togither in the night, assaulted 
 
 murdered all ^ stone house of a certaine rich man, & breaking through the 
 
 wall, the good man of that house, hauing prepared himselfe 
 
 with other in a corner, when hee perceyued one of the theeues 
 
 named Andrew Bucquint to leade the way, with a burning 
 
 brand in the one hand, and a pot of coales in the other, which 
 
 hee assaied to kindle with the brand, he flew vpon him, and 
 
 smote ofif his right hand, and then with a loude voyce cried 
 
 theeues : at the hearing whereof the theeues tooke their 
 
 Rich theeues A'ght, all sauing hee that had lost his hande, whom the 
 
 most worthie good man in the next morning deliuered to Richard de Lucie 
 
 to be hanged. , , . ^ • i • 
 
 Theiudge- the kmgs lustice. This theefe, vpon warrant of his life, 
 
 ^®^^ °[ ^^llgj appeached his confederates, of whom many were taken, and 
 
 ordaiii.was many Were fled. Among the rest that were appfehended^ 
 
 by"pope"^'^ a certaine Citizen of great countenance, credit, and wealth. 
 
 Innocent the named lohn Senex, who for as much as hee could not acquit 
 
 Decretal. himselfe by the waterdome, (as that law was then,) he offered 
 
 lib. 6. to the king fiue hundred pounds of siluer for his life : but 
 
 Cause why r i i 
 
 watches in the forasmuch as he was condemned by iudgement of the water, 
 commrnded ^'^^ ^'"§ viould not take the offer, but commaunded him to 
 and when. bee hanged on the Gallowes, which was done, and then the 
 
Of watches in London loi 
 
 Citie became more quiet for a long time after. But for a full 
 remedie of enormities in the night, I reade that in the yeare 
 of Christ 1253. Henrie the third commaunded watches in 
 Cities and Boroughe Townes to bee kept, for the better 
 obseruing of peace and quietnesse amongst his people. 
 
 And farther by the aduise of them of Sauoy, hee orday|ned Page 102 
 that if any man chaunced to bee robbed, or by any meanes 
 damnified, by any theefe or robber, he to whom the charge 
 of keeping that Countrie, Citie or Borough chiefly apper- 
 tained, where the robberie was done, should competently 
 restore the losse : And this was after the vse of Sauoy, but 
 yet thought more hard to bee obserued here, then in those 
 parts: arid therefore leauing those laborious watches, I will 
 speake of our pleasures and pastimes in watching by night. 
 
 In the Moneths of lune, and luly, on the Vigiles of Bonefiers and 
 festiuall dayes, and on the same festiuall dayes in the th^streetef .'" 
 Euenings after the Sunne setting, there were vsually made 
 Bonefiers in the streetes, euery man bestowing wood or 
 labour towards them : the wealthier sort also before their 
 doores neare to the said Bonefiers, would set out Tables on 
 the Vigiles, furnished with sweete breade, and good drinke, 
 and on the Festiuall dayes with meates and drinks plentifully, 
 whereunto they would inuite their neighbours and passengers 
 also to sit, and bee merrie with them in great familiaritie, 
 praysing God for his benefites bestowed on them. These 
 were called Bonefiers aswell of good amitie amongest neigh- 
 bours that, being before at controuersie, were there by the 
 labour of others, reconciled, and made of bitter enemies, 
 louing friendes, as also for the vertue that a great fire hath to 
 purge the infection of the ayre. On the Vigil of Saint lohii Marching 
 Baptist, and on Saint Peter and Paule the Apostles, euery ^^'<=^ ^' ™'<l- 
 
 J: ^ >■ ' J sommer. 
 
 mans doore being shadowed with greene Birch, long Fennel, 
 Saint I ohns wort. Orpin, white Lillies, and such like, garnished Garnishing of 
 vpon with Garlands of beautifull flowers, had also Lampes of & ^rnishing 
 glasse, with oyle burning in them all the night, some hung them out. 
 out braunches of yron curiously wrought, contayning hun- 
 dreds of Lampes light at once, which made a goodly shew, 
 namely in new Fishstreet, Thames streete, &c. Then had ye 
 besides the standing watches, all in bright harnes in euery 
 
I02 Of watches in London 
 
 ward and streete of this Citie and Suburbs, a marching 
 
 watch, that passed through the principal streets thereof, to 
 
 wit, from the litle Conduit by Paules gate, through west 
 
 Cheape, by y° Stocks, through Cornhill, by Leaden hall to 
 
 Aldgate, then backe downe Fenchurch streete, by Grasse 
 
 church, aboute Grasse church Conduite, and vp Grasse church 
 
 Page 10} streete into Cornhill, and through | it into west Cheape 
 
 againe, and so broke vp : the whole way ordered for this 
 
 marching watch, extendeth to 3200. Taylors yards of assize, 
 
 for the furniture whereof with lights, there were appointed 700. 
 
 Almost 1000. Cressetes, 500. of them being found by the Companies, the 
 
 for the watch' Other 200. by the Chamber of London : besides the which 
 
 at Mid- lightes euery Constable in London, in number more then 240. 
 
 sommer. . 
 
 had his Cresset, the charge of euery Cresset was in light two 
 More than shillingcs foure pence, and euery Cresset had two men, one to 
 He°s inTorT-' bearc Or hold it, an other to beare a bag with light, and to 
 don the one serue it, SO that the poore men pertayning to the Cressets, 
 
 halfeofthem ,. . .^ ^, , , , ., 
 
 ech night takmg wages, besides that euery one had a strawne hat, with 
 
 ^^^"'h" ^^^ ^ badge painted, and his breakfast in the morning, amounted 
 
 watch, the in number to almost 2000. The marching watch contained 
 
 kepTtheir^ in number about 20CO. men, parte of them being olde 
 
 standingwatch Souldiers, of skill to be Captains, Lieutenants, Sergeants, Cor- 
 
 & lane. ^^^ ^ porals, &c. Wiflers, Drommers, and Fifes, Standard and Ensigne 
 
 bearers. Sword players, Trumpeters on horsebacke, Demi- 
 
 launces on great horses. Gunners with hand Guns, or halfe 
 
 hakes, Archers in coates of white fustian signed on the breast 
 
 and backe with the armes of the Cittie, their bowes bent in 
 
 their handes, with sheafes of arrovves by their sides, Pike men 
 
 in bright Corslets, Burganets, &c. Holbards, the like Bill men 
 
 in Almaine Riuets, and Apernes of Mayle in great number, 
 
 there were also diuers Pageants, Morris dancers, Constables, 
 
 the one halfe which was 120. on S. lohns Eue, the other halfe 
 
 on S. Peters Eue in bright harnesse, some ouergilte, and euery 
 
 one a lornet of Scarlet thereupon, and a chaine of golde, his 
 
 Hench man following him, his Minstrels before him, and his 
 
 Cresset light passing by him, the Waytes of the City, the 
 
 Mayors Officers, for his guard before him, all in a Liuery of 
 
 wolsted or Say lacquets party coloured, the Mayor himselfe 
 
 well mounted on horseback, the sword bearer before him in 
 
mnster at 
 don. 
 
 Of watches in London 103 
 
 fayre Armour well mounted also, the Mayors footmen, 8: the 
 like Torch bearers about him, Hench men twaine, vpon great 
 stirring horses following him. The Sheriffes watches came 
 one after the other in like order, but not so large in number as 
 the Mayors, for where the Mayor had besides his Giant, three 
 Pageants, each of the Sheriffes had besides their Giantes but 
 two Pageants, ech their Morris Dance, and one Hench man 
 their | Officers in lacquets of Wolsted, or say party coloured. Page 104 
 differing from the Mayors, and each from other, but hauing 
 harnised men a great many, &c. 
 
 This Midsommer Watch was thus accustomed yearely, time 
 out of mind, vntill the yeare 1539. the 31. of Henry the 8. in A great 
 which yeare on the eight of May, a great muster was made by ^^^^ 
 the Cittizens, at the Miles end all in bright harnesse with 
 coates of white silke, or cloath and chaines of gold, in three 
 greate battailes, to the number of 15000. which passed through 
 London to Westminster, and so through the Sanctuary, and 
 round about the Parke of S. lames, and returned home through 
 Oldbourne. King Henry then considering the great charges 
 of the Cittizens for the furniture of this vnusuall Muster, forbad 
 the marching watch prouided for, at Midsommer for that 
 yeare, which beeing once laide downe, was not raysed againe 
 till the yeare 1548. the second of Edward the sixt, Sir lohn 
 Gresham then being Mayor, who caused the marching watch 
 both on the Eue of Sainte lohn Baptist, and of S. Peter the 
 Apostle, to be reuiued and set foorth, in as comely order as it 
 had beene accustomed, which watch was also beautified by the 
 number of more then 300. Demilances and light horsemen, 
 prepared by the Cittizens to bee sent into Scotland, for the 
 rescue of the towne of Hadington, and others kept by the 
 Englishmen. Since this Mayors time, the like marching watch 
 in this Citty hath not been vsed, though some attemptes haue 
 beene made thereunto, as in the yeare 1585. a book was John Mount- 
 drawn by a graue citizen, & by him dedicated to Sir Thomas s°™^fy- 
 Pullison, then Lord Mayor and his Brethren the Aldermen, 
 conteyning the manner and order of a marching watch in the of'tiirwatch 
 Cittie vpon the Euens accustomed, in commendation whereof, at Mid- 
 namely in times of peace to be vsed, he hath words to this ^^^^ time o" 
 effect. The Artificers of sondry sortes were thereby well set peace. 
 
I04 
 
 Of watches in London 
 
 Page los 
 
 Wrestling at 
 Skinners well 
 neare vnto 
 Clarks well 
 before the 
 maior. 
 
 Shooting the 
 standard, 
 broad arrow, 
 & flight, 
 before the 
 Maior. 
 
 Shooting in 
 the long bow 
 suppressed, 
 bowling allies 
 erected and 
 frequented. 
 
 a worke, none but rich men charged, poore men helped, old 
 Souldiers, Trompiters, Drommers, Fifes, and ensigne bearers 
 with such like men, meet for Princes seruice kept in vre, 
 wherein the safety and defence of euery common weale con- 
 sisteth. Armour and Weapon beeing yearely occupied in this 
 wise the Cittizens had of their owne redily prepared for any 
 neede, whereas by intermission hereof, Armo|rers are out of 
 worke, Souldiers out of vre, weapons ouergrown with foulness, 
 few or none good being prouided, &c. 
 
 In the Moneth of August about the feast of S. Bartholomew 
 the Apostle, before the Lord Maior, Aldermen, and Shiriffes 
 of London placed in a large Tent neare vnto darken well, of 
 olde time were diuerse dayes spent in the pastime of wrestling, 
 where the Officers of the Citie : namely the Shiriffes, Sergeants 
 and Yeoman, the Porters of the kings beame, or weigh house, 
 now no such men, and other of the Citie, were challengers of 
 all men in the suburbs, to wrestle for games appointed : and 
 on other dayes, before the sayd Maior, Aldermen and Shiriffes, 
 in Fensburie field, to shoote the Standard, broad Arrow, and 
 fight, for games : but now of late yeares the wrestling is onely 
 practised on Bartholomew day in the after noone, and the 
 shooting some three or foure dayes after, in one after noone 
 and no more. What should I speake of the auncient dayly 
 exercises in the long bow by Citizens of this Citie, now almost 
 cleane left off and forsaken ? I ouerpass it : for by the meane 
 of closing in the common grounds, our Archers for want of 
 roome to shoote abroade, creepe into bowling Allies, and 
 ordinarie dicing houses, nearer home, where they have roome 
 enough to hazard their money at vnlawfuU games : and there 
 I leaue them to take their pleasures. 
 
 Honor of Citizens, and worthinesse of men 
 in the same. 
 
 I HIS Citie {saith Fitzstephen) is glorious in manhoode : 
 furnished with munitions : populous with inhabitants^ insomuch 
 that in the troublesome time of King Stephen, it hath shewed at 
 a muster twenty thousand armed horsemen,& threescore thousand 
 footmen, serviceable for the warres. Moreouer saith hee, the 
 
Honour of Citizens, and worthinesse of men 105 
 
 Citizens of London, wheresoetier they become, are notable before 
 
 all other Citizens in ciuilitie of maners, attire, table, and talke. 
 
 The I Matfones of this Citie are the verie modest Sabine Ladies Page 106 
 
 of Italie. The Londoners sometime called Trinobantes, repelled The modest 
 
 Ccesar, tvhich alwaies made his passage by shedding bloud, "j^gTeene 
 
 whereupon Lucan sung. and ought 
 
 Ternta qusesitis ostendit terga Bntannis. Worthines of 
 
 The Citie of London hath bred some, which haue subdued '^P^^^^y^^^'^ 
 ■^ of London. 
 
 many kingdomes, and also the Romane Empire. It hath also 
 brought forth many others, whome vertue and valour hath 
 highly aduaunced, according to Appollo in his Oracle to Brute, 
 sub occasu solis, &c. In the time of Christianitie, it brought 
 foorth that noble Emperour Constantine, which gaue the Citie Constantine 
 of Rome and all the Emperiall signes to God, Saint Peter and borne in 
 Pope Siluester : choosing rather to bee called a Defender of the London. 
 Church, then an Emperor: and least peace might be violated, 
 and their eyes troubled by his presence, he retired from Rome, 
 and built the Citie of Constantinople. London also in late 
 time hath brought forth famous kings : Maude the Empresse, 
 king Henrie, sonne to Henrie the second, and Thomas the 
 Archbishop, &c. 
 
 This Thomas, surnamed Becket, borne in London, brought A Shiriffes 
 vp in the Priorie of Marten, studpnt at Paris, became the ^^^ b^ec°ame°°" 
 Shiriffes Clarke of London for a time, then person of Saint Chancellor of 
 
 T • 1 England, and 
 
 Marie hill, had a Prebend at London, an other at Lmcolne, Archbishop of 
 studied the law at Bononie, &c., was made Chancellor of Canterbune. 
 England, and Archbishop of Canterburie, &c. Unto this actions done 
 might bee added innumerable persons of honour, wisedome, cuirenro?^'^ 
 and vertue, borne in London : but of actions done by worthie London. 
 Citizens, I will onely note a few, and so to other matters. 
 
 The Citizens of London, time out of mind, founded an Hospital! of 
 Hospitall of Saint lames in the fieldes for leprous women j^^ ^"1^*/° 
 of their Citie. 
 
 In the yeare 1197. Walter Brune a Citizen of London, and Walter Brune. 
 Rosia his wife, founded the Hospital of our Ladie called 
 Domus Dei, or Saint Marie Spittle without Bishops gate of 
 London, a house of such reliefe to the needie, that there 
 was found standing at the surrender thereof, nine score beds 
 well furnished for receipt of poore people. | 
 
io6 Honour of Citizens, and werthinesse of men 
 
 Simon Fitz- 
 marie. 
 
 Henry Wal 
 lice maior. 
 
 Page loy jn the yeare 1316. the Londoners sending out a Nauie, 
 
 the sea rouers. tooke 95. ships of Pirats and sea robbers : besides innumerable 
 others that they drowned, which had robbed on the riuer of 
 Thames. 
 
 In the yeare 1247. Simo7t Fitzmary, one of the Shiriffes of 
 London, founded the Hospitall of S. Mary called Bethlem, 
 and without Bishops gate. 
 
 In the yeare 1283. Henry W alike then Maior, builded the 
 Tun vpon Cornhill, to be a prison for night walkers, and 
 a Market house called the Stocks, both for fish and flesh 
 standing in the midst of the Citie. He also builded diuerse 
 houses on the West and North side of Paules Churchyard : 
 the profits of all which buildings are to the maintenance of 
 London bridge. 
 
 In the yeare 1332, William Rising Mercer of London, 
 founded Elsing Spittle within Cripplegate, for sustentation of 
 an hundred poore blind men, and became himselfe the first 
 Prior of that Hospitall. 
 
 Sir lohn Poultney Draper, foure times Maior, 1337. builded 
 a fayre Chappell in Paules Church, wherein he was buried. 
 He founded a Colledge in the parrish Church of Saint Laurence 
 called Poultney. He builded the parish Church called little 
 Alhallowes in Thames streete and the Carmelite Friers Church 
 in Couentree : he gaue reliefe to prisoners in Newgate, and in 
 the Fleet, and ten shillings the yeare to S. Giles Hospitall by 
 Oldborne for euer, and other legacies long to rehearse. 
 
 lohn Stodie Vintener, Maior 1358. gave to the Vinteners 
 all the quadrant wherein the Vinteners hall now standeth, with 
 all the tenements round about, from Stodies lane, where is 
 founded thirteene Almes houses, for so many poore people, &c. 
 
 Henrie Picard Vintener, Maior 1357- in the yeare 1363, 
 did in one day sumptuously feast Edward the third king of 
 England, lohn king of France, Dauid king of Scots, the king - 
 of Cipres, then all in England, Edivard prince of Wales, with 
 many other noble men, and after kept his hall for allcommers 
 that were willing to play at dice, and hazard : the Ladie 
 Margaret his wife, kept her chamber to the same effect, &c. 
 
 lohn Loflien Fishmonger, foure times Maior, 1367. builded 
 an Hospitall called Magdalens in Kingstone vpon Thames, 
 
 Wil. Elsing. 
 
 Sir lohn 
 Poultney 
 
 lohn Stodie. 
 
 Henry Picard. 
 
 lohn Lofken. 
 
Honour of Citizens, and worthinesse of men 107 
 
 gaue I therevnto nine tenements, ten shops, one Mill, 1 25. Page los 
 acres of land, ten acres of medow, 130. acres of pasture, &c. 
 More, in London, hee builded the faire parish Church of Saint 
 Michaell in crooked lane, and was there buried. 
 
 lokn Barnes Maior, 1371. gave a Chest with three locks, lohn Bames. 
 and icoo. Markes therein, to bee lent to yong men vpon 
 sufficient pawne, and for the vse thereof, to say De proftmdis, 
 or Pater noster, and no more : he also was a great builder of 
 S. Thomas Apostles parish church, as appeareth by his armes 
 there, both in stone and glasse. 
 
 In the yeare 1378. lohn Filpot sometime Maior, hired with John Filpot. 
 his owne money 1000. souldiers, and defended the Realme 
 from incursions of the enemie, so that in small time his hired 
 men tooke lohn Mercer a. sea Rouer, with all his Ships, which 
 hee before had taken from Scarborrow, and fifteene Spanish 
 shippes laden with great riches. 
 
 In the yeare 1380. Thomas of Woodstocke, Thomas Per cie, 
 Hugh Caluerley, Robert Knowles, and others, being sent with 
 a great power to ayde the Duke of Brytaine, the said lohn 
 Filpot hyred ships for them of his owne charges, and released 
 the Armour, which the souldiers had pawned for their vittailes, 
 more then a thousand in number. This most noble Citizen 
 (saieth Thomas Walsingham) that had trauelled for the com- Tho. Wals. 
 moditie of the whole Realme, more then all other of his time, 
 had often relieued the king, by lending him great summes of 
 mony, and otherwise, deceased in Anno 1384. after that hee 
 had assured landes to the Citie for the reliefe of 13. poore 
 people for euer. 
 
 In the yeare 1381. William Walworth then Maior, a most Will. Wal- 
 prouidEnt, valiant, and learned Citizen, did by his arrest ofyaiiancie. 
 Wat Tyler (a presumptuous Rebell, vppon whom no man 
 durst lay hands) deliuer the king and kingdome from the 
 daunger of most wicked Traytors, and was for his seruice 
 knighted in the field. 
 
 Nicholas Brembar, lohn Filpot, Robert Laund, Nicholas William 
 Twiford, and Adam Francis, Aldermen were then for their ^^^ others 
 seruice likewise knighted, and sir Robert Knoles, for assisting '^J^'S'ited in 
 of the Maior, was made free of this Citie. ^^^ Knoles 
 
 This sir Robert Knoles thus worthily infranchised a Ci[tizen, Page ioc> 
 
lohn Church- 
 man. 
 
 Adam 
 Bamme. 
 
 Tho. Knoles. 
 
 lohn Hinde. 
 
 Th. Falconar, 
 
 W. Seuenock. 
 
 Richard 
 Whittington. 
 
 io8 Honour of Citizens^ and wortkinesse of men 
 
 founded a Colledge with an Hospitall at Pontfract : hee also 
 builded the great stone bridge at Rochester, ouer the Riuer of 
 Medway, &c. 
 
 lohti Churchman Grocer, one of the Shiriffes 1386. for the 
 quiet of Marchants, builded a certaine house vpon Wooll 
 wharfe, in tower warde, to serve for Tronage ^, or waying of 
 wooles, and for the Customer, Comptrollers, Clarkes, and other 
 Officers to sit, &c. 
 
 Adam Bamme Goldsmith, Maior, 1381. in a great dearth, 
 procured come from partes beyond the seas, to be brought 
 hither on such abundance, as sufficed to serue the Citie, and 
 the Countries neare adioyning : to the furtherance of which 
 good worke, he tooke out of the Orphants Chest in the Guild- 
 hall, aooo, Markes to buy the said come, and each Alderman 
 layd out ao. /. to the like purpose. 
 
 Thomas Knoles Grocer, Maior 1400. with his brethren the 
 Aldermen, began to new build the Guild hall in London, and 
 in steed of an olde little Cottage in Aldermanberiestreet, 
 made a faire and goodly house, more neare vnto Saint 
 Laurence church in the lurie : he reedified Saint Anthonies 
 Church, and gave to the Grocers his house neare vnto the 
 same, for reliefe of the poore for euer. More, he caused sweet 
 water to be conuayed to the gates of Newgate, and Ludgate, 
 for reliefe of the prisoners there. 
 
 lohn Hinde Draper, Maior, 1405. newly builded his parish 
 Church of Saint Scithen by London stone : his monument is 
 defaced, saue onely his armes in the glasse windowes. 
 
 Thomas Falconar Mercer, Maior, 1414. lent to King Heririe 
 the sixt towards maintenance of his warres in France, loooo 
 Markes vpon iewels. More he made the posteme called 
 Mooregate, caused the ditches of the citie to be clensed, and 
 did many other things for good of the same Citie. 
 
 William Seuenoke Grocer, Maior, 141 9. founded in the 
 towne of Seuenocke in Kent a free schoole for poore mens 
 children, and 13. almes houses: his Testament saieth 30. 
 poore men and women. 
 
 Richard Whittittgtoti Mercer, three times Maior, in the 
 yeare 1441. began the librarie of the gray Friers in London, 
 ' Tronage] Thorns ; Trenage, i6oj 
 
Honour of Citizens, and worthinesse of men 109 
 
 to I the charge of foure hundred pound : his executors with his Page no 
 goods founded and builded Whittington CoUedge, with almes 
 houses for 13. poore men, and diuinitie lectures to bee there 
 read for euer. They repaired Saint Bartholometvs Hospitall in 
 Smithfield, they bare some charges to the glasing and pauing 
 of the Guildhall : they bare halfe the charges of building the 
 Librarie there, and they builded the West gate of London, of 
 olde time called Newgate, &c. 
 
 lohn Carpenter Towne Clarke of London, in the raigne of lo- Carpenter. 
 Henrie the fift, caused with great expences to bee curiously 
 painted vpon boord, about the North Cloyster of Paules, 
 a monument of death, leading all estates, with the speeches of 
 death, and answere of euerie state. This Cloyster was pulled Daunce of 
 downe 1549. He also gaue tenements to the Citie, for the fhfdaunce'^ 
 finding and bringing vp of foure poore mens children, with of Paules. 
 meate, drinke, apparell, learning at the schooles in the Univer- 
 sities, &c. vntil they be preferred, and then other in their 
 places for euer. 
 
 Robert Chichley Grocer, Maior, 1422. appointed by his Robert 
 Testament, that on his minde day, a competent dinner should ^hx^l^'^y- 
 be ordained for 2400. poore men housholders of this Citie, 
 and euerie man to haue two pence in money. More, he gaue 
 one large plot of ground therevpon to build the new parish 
 Church of S. Stephen neare vnto Walbrooke. &c. 
 
 lohn Rainwell Fishmonger, Maior, 1427. gaue Tenements lohn Rainwel. 
 to discharge certaine wardes of London of fifteenes, and other 
 payments. 
 
 lohn Welles Grocer, Maior, /43a.i a great builder of the lohn Wels. 
 chappell or Colledge of the Guild hall, and was there buried : 
 he caused fresh water to be conueyed from Tyborne to the 
 standard, in west Cheape for seruice of the Citie. 
 
 William Eastfield Mercer, 1438. appoynted his executors of William 
 his goods to conuey sweete water from Teyborne, and to ^''' ® " 
 build a faire Conduit by Alderman berie church, which they 
 performed, as also made a Standard in Fleetstreete by 
 Shewlane end : they also conueyed water to Cripples gate, &c. 
 
 Stephen Browne Grocer, Maior, 1439. sent into Prussia, 
 causing corne to be brought from thence, whereby hee brought | Step. Browne. 
 1 \i,y.\ sic 1398 \ \d,iii6o3 
 
no Honour of Citizens, and worthinesse of men 
 
 Page HI downe the price of wheate from three shillings the bushell, to 
 less then halfe that money. 
 
 Philip Philip Malpas one of the Shirififes, 1440. gaue by his Testa- 
 
 * P*^' ment, 1 2.5. /. to reliefe of poore prisoners, & euery yeare for 
 
 flue yeares 400. shirts, and smockes, 40. paire of sheetes, and 
 150. gownes of Freese to the poore, to 500. poore people in 
 London, euery one 6s. 8.d., to poore maides marriages 100. 
 Markes, to high wayes 100. Markes, twentie Markes the yeare 
 to a graduate to preach, 20. pound to Preachers at the Spittle 
 the three Easter Holidays, &c. 
 
 Robert Large. Robert Large Mercer, Maior 1440, gaue to his Parish church 
 of S. Oliue in Surry 200. /., to Saint Margarets in Lothberie 
 25., to the poore 20. li, to London bridge 100. markes, towardes 
 the vaulting ouer the water course of Walbrooke 300. marks, 
 to poore maids marriages 100. marks, to poore householders 
 ICO. li, &c. 
 
 Richard Rich. Richard Rich mercer, one of the Shirififes, 1442. founded 
 Almes houses at Hodsdon in Hertfordshire. 
 
 Simon Eyre. Simon Eyre Draper, Maior 1446. builded the Leaden hall 
 for a common Garner of corne to the vse of this Citie, and left 
 fiue thousand markes to charitable vses. 
 
 Godf. BuUein. Godfrey Bollein Maior of London, 1458. by his Testament 
 gaue liberally to the prisons, hospitals, and laser houses, 
 besides a thousand pound to poore housholders in London, 
 and two hundred pound to poore housholders in Norffolke. 
 
 Rich.Rawson. Richard Rawson one of the Shiriffes, 1477, gaue by Testa- 
 ment large legacies to the prisoners, hospitals, laser houses to 
 other poore, to high wayes, to the water Conduits, besides to 
 poore Maides marriages 340. pound, and his executors to 
 build a large house in the Churchyard of Saint Marie Spittle, 
 wherein the maior and his brethren do vse to sit and heare the 
 Sermons in the Easter holydayes. 
 
 Thomas Ham. Thomas Ham one of the Shiriffes 1480. newly builded the 
 great Conduit in Cheape, of his owne charges. 
 
 Edmond Edmofid Shaw Goldsmith, Maior, 1483. caused Cripplegate 
 
 Shaw. Qf London to be new builded of his goods, &c. 
 
 Thomas Hill. Thomas Hill Grocer, maior, 1485, caused of his goods, the 
 Conduit of Grasse streete to be builded. 
 
 Hugh Hugh Clapton Mercer, during his life a batchler, maior, 1492. | 
 
Honour of Citizens, and worthinesse of men 1 1 1 
 
 builded the great stone arched bridge at Stratford vpon Auon ^ Page 112 
 in Warwickshire, and did many other things of great charitie, 
 as in my Summarie. 
 
 Robert Fabian one of the Shiriffes, 1494. gathered out of Rob. Fabian. 
 diuerse good Authours, as well Latin as French, a large 
 Chronicle of England, and of France which he published in 
 English, to his great charges, for the honour of this Citie, and 
 common vtilitie of the whole Realme. 
 
 Sir lokn Perciuall marchant Tayler, maior, 1498. founded lohn Perciuai. 
 a Grammar schoole at Macklefield in Cheshire where hee was 
 borne : he indowed the same schoole with sufficient landes, 
 for the finding of a Priest maister there, to teach freely all 
 children thither sent, without exception. 
 
 The Ladie Tomasine his wife founded the like free schoole, Rich. Carew. 
 togither with faire lodgings for the Schoolemasters, schollers, 
 and other, & added 20. li. of yearely reuenew for supporting 
 the charges, at S. Mary Wike in Cornwall ^, where she was 
 borne. 
 
 Stephen Gennings Marchant tayler, Maior, 1509. founded Stephen 
 a faire Grammar Schoole at Vlfrimhampton in StaiTordshire, ^""'"ss- 
 left good landes, and also builded a great part of his parish 
 Church called S. Andrewes Vndershaft in London. 
 
 Henrie Keble Grocer, Maior, 151 1. in his life a great Henry Keble. 
 benefactor to the new building of old Mary Church, and 
 by his Testament gaue a thousand pounds toward the finish- 
 ing thereof: he gaue to high wayes aoo. pound, to poore 
 maides marriages, 100. Markes, to poore husband men in 
 Oxford and Warwickeshires, 140. Ploughshares, and 140. 
 Cultars of iron, and in London to seuen almes men, sixpence 
 the week for euer. 
 
 lohn Collet a Cittizen of London by birth, and dignitie, lohn Collet. 
 Deane of Paules, Doctor of Diuinitie, erected and builded one 
 free schoole in Paules Churchyard, 151a. for 153.=' poore mens 
 children, to be taught free in the same schoole, appointing 
 a maister, a surmaisterj and a chaplaine, with sufficient stipends 
 to endure for euer, and committed the ouersight thereof to the 
 mercers in London, because himselfe was sonne to Henrie 
 
 ' Auon] Auen 1603 ^ CornwallJ Deuonshire 1603 
 
 ' 153] 353 ^603, 1633 
 
112 Honoiiy of Cithens, and worthlnesse of men 
 
 Collet Mercer, maior of London, and indovved the Mercers with 
 lands to the yearly value of 120 pound, or better. | 
 
 Fagcii} John Tate Brewer, then a Mercer, Maior, 1514. caused his 
 
 Brewhouse called the Swan, neare adioyning to the Hospitall 
 of S. Anthonic in London, to be taken downe, for the en- 
 larging of the said Church, then new builded, a great part of 
 his charge : this was a goodly foundation, with almes houses, 
 freeschoole. &c. 
 
 Geor. Monox. George Monox Draper, Maior, 1515. reedified the decayed 
 Parish Church of Waltomstow or Walthamstow, in Essex : 
 hee founded there a free schoole, and almes houses for 13. 
 almes people, made a Cawsey of timber ouer the Marshes 
 from Walthamstow to Locke bridge, &c. 
 
 lo. Miiborn. Sir lohii Milbomc Draper, Maior, 1522. builded almes 
 houses fourteene in number by the crossed Friers Church in 
 London, there to be placed fourteene poore people, and left 
 to the Drapers certaine Messuages, Tenements, and Garden 
 plots, in the parish of Saint Olaiie in Hartstreete, for the per- 
 formance of stipends to the sayd Almes people, and other 
 vses. Looke more in Ealdgate ward. 
 
 Robert Thorn. Robert Thome Marchant tayler, deceased a Batchler, in the 
 yeare 1532. gaue by his Testament to charitable actions, more 
 then 4440.1i. and legacies to his poore kindred more 5142.H. 
 besides his debts forgiuen, &c. 
 
 Sir loh. Allen. Sir lohii Allen Mercer, Maior of London, and of counsaile 
 to king Henrie the 8. deceased 1544. buried Saint Thomas of 
 Acres in a faire Chappell by him builded. He gaue to the 
 Cittie of London, a rich coller of golde, to bee worne by the 
 maior, which was first worne by sir W. Laxton. He gaue 
 500. markes to bee a stocke for Sea coale, his lands purchased 
 of the king, the rent therof to be destributed to the poore in 
 the wardes of London for euer. He gaue besides to the 
 prisons, hospitals, laser houses, and all other poore in the 
 Citie, or two miles without, very liberally, and long to be 
 recited. 
 
 Sir William Sir William Laxton Grocer, maior, 1545. founded a faire 
 
 axton. ^j.^g schoole at Owndale in Northamptonshire, with sixe almes 
 
 houses for the poore. 
 
Honor of Citizens, and worthinesse of men 113 
 
 Sir lohn Gresham mercer, maior, 1548. founded a free sirloh. 
 schoole at Holt, a market towne in Norfolke. Gresham, 
 
 Sir Rowland Hill mercer, maior, 1550. caused to be made Sir Rowland 
 di|uerse cawseys both for horse and man, he made foure S'"' 
 bridges, two of stone contaynmg 1 8. Arches in them both : 
 he builded one notable free schoole at Drayton in Shropshire : 
 he gaue to Christs Hospitall in London 500.11. &c. 
 
 Sir ^«^r^Z£/ /«^ skinner, maior, 1551. erected one notable Sh- Andrew 
 free schoole at Tunbridge in Kent, and almes houses nigh ^'^^■ 
 Saint Heletjs church in London, and left to the Skinners 
 landes to the value of 6o.li. 3.3. 8.d. the yeare, for the which 
 they bee bound to pay twentie pound to the schoolemayster, 
 eight pound to the Usher, yearely for euer, and foure shil- 
 linges the weeke to the sixe almes people, and 35. shillings 
 foure pence the yeare in coales for euer. 
 
 Sir Thomas White Marchant tayler, maior, 1554. founded S.Tho. White, 
 saint Johns Colledge in Oxford, and gaue great summes of 
 money to diuerse townes in England for reliefe of the poore, 
 as in my Summarie. 
 
 Edtvard Hall Gentleman of Grayes Inne, a Citizen by birth Edward Hall. 
 and office, as common Sergeant of London, and one of the 
 Judges in the shiriffes Court, he wrote and published a famous 
 and eloquent Chronicle, intituled The vniting of the two noble 
 families Lancaster and Yorke. 
 
 Richard Nils Marchant tayler, 1560. gaue 5oo.li. towardes Richard Hils. 
 the purchase of an house called the mannor of the Rose, 
 wherein the marchant taylers founded their free schoole in 
 London : hee also gaue to the said marchant taylers one plot 
 of ground, with certaine small cottages on the Tower hill, 
 where he builded faire almes houses for 14. sole women. 
 
 About the same time, William Lambert Esquire, borne in Wii. Lambert. 
 London, a Justice of the peace in Kent, founded a Colledge 
 for the poore, which he named of Queene Elizabeth, in east 
 Greenwitch. 
 
 William Harper marchant tayler, Maior, 1562. founded a Sir William 
 free schoole in the towne of Bedford where he was borne, and ^'P^"^" 
 also buried. 
 
 Sir Thomas Gresham mercer, 1566. builded the Royall Sir Thomas 
 exchange in London, and by his Testament left his dwelling "^^^ ^'"' 
 
Page iif 
 W. Patten. 
 
 Sir T. Roe. 
 
 Ambrose 
 Nicholas. 
 
 W. Lambe. 
 
 Sir T. OiEey 
 bequeathed 
 much to the 
 poore. 
 
 lohn Haydon 
 
 Barnard 1-ian- 
 dolph. 
 
 Sir Wolston 
 Dixie. 
 
 114 Honor of Citizens, and worthinesse of men 
 
 house in Bishops gate streete, to be a place for readings, 
 allowing large stipends to the readers, and certaine almes 
 houses for the poore. | 
 
 William Patten Gentleman, a Citizen by birth, and cus- 
 tomer of London outward, Justice of Peace in Middlesex, the 
 parrish Church of Stokenewenton being ruinous he repayred, 
 or rather new builded. 
 
 Sir Thomas Roe Marchant Taylor, Mayor, 1568. gaue to 
 the Marchant Taylors lands or Tenements, out of them to 
 bee giuen to ten poore men Clothworkers, Carpentars, Tilars, 
 Plasterers, and Armorers, 40.1i. yearely, vz. 4.1i. to each, also 
 loo.li. to bee lent to 8. poore men : besides hee inclosed with 
 a wall of bricke nigh one acre of ground, pertayning to the 
 Hospital of Bethlem, to be a buriall for the dead. 
 
 Ambrose Nicholas Saltar, Mayor, 1576. founded xii. Almes 
 houses in Monkeswell streete, neare vnto Creples gate, wherein 
 he placed xii. poore people, hauing each of them vii. d. the 
 weeke, and once euery yeare v. sacks of coales, and one 
 quarter of a hundred Faggots, all of his gift for euer. 
 
 William Lambe Gentleman and Cloth worker in the yeare 
 1577. builded a water Conduit at Oldborne Cro.sse, to his 
 charges of i5oo.li. and did many other charitable actes, as in 
 my summary. 
 
 Sir T. Offley Marchant Taylor, Mayor, deceased 1580. 
 appointed by his testament, the one halfe of al his goods, and 
 aoo.li. deducted out of the other halfe, giuen to his sonne 
 Henry, to bee giuen and bestowed in deedes of charity, by his 
 Executors, according to his confidence and trust in them. 
 
 lohn Haydon Shiriffe, 1583. gaue large Legacies, more then 
 3000.1i. for reliefe of the poore, as in my Summarie. 
 
 Barnard Raiidolph, common Sargeant of London, 1583. 
 gaue and deliuered with his owne hand, 90o.li. towards the 
 building of Water Conduits, which was performed : more, by 
 Testament he gaue looo.li. to bee employed in charitable 
 actions, but that money being in holde fasts hands, I haue 
 not heard how it was bestowed, more then of other good 
 mens Testaments, to bee performed. 
 
 Sir Wolston Dixie Skinner, Mayor, 1586. founded a free 
 
Honor of Citizens, and worthinesse of men 115 
 
 Schoole at Bosworth, and indowed it with twentie pound land 
 by yeare. 
 
 Richard May Marchant Taylor, gaue 300.1i. toward the | Richard Maye. 
 new building of Blackwell hall in London, a market place for Page ii6 
 Wollen cloathes. 
 
 lohn Fuller Esquier, one of the ludges in the Shiriffes lohn Fuller, 
 court of London, by his Testament dated 1592. appointed jj^^^g™". 
 his wife, her heires and assignes, after his decease, to erect pointed, and 
 one Almas house in the parish of Stikonheth ^, for xii. poore performed. "^ 
 single men aged 50. yeres or vpwardes, and one other Almes 
 house in Shoreditch, for xii. poore aged widdow women of 
 like age, shee to endow them, with one hundred pound the 
 yeare, to witte, fiftie pound to each for euer, out of his landes 
 in Lincolne shire, assured euer vnto certaine Feffies in trust, 
 by a Deede of Fefifement. Item, more he gaue his Mes- 
 suages, lands and tenements lying in the parishes of S. Benet, 
 and S. Peter by Powles wharfe in London, to Feffies in trust, 
 yearely for euer to disburse all the Issues and profites of the 
 said landes and tenementes, to the relieuing and discharge 
 of poore Prisoners in the Hole, or two penny wardes, in the 
 two Comptars in London, in equall portions to each Comptar, 
 so that the Prisoners exceede riot the somme of xxvi.s. viij.d. 
 for euery one Prisoner, at any one time. 
 
 Thus much for famous Cittizens, haue I noted their charitable 
 actions, for the most part done by them in theyr life time. 
 The residue left in trust to their Executors : I haue knowne 
 some of them hardly (or neuer) performed, wherefore I wish 
 men to make their owne hands their Executors, and their 
 eyes their Ouerseers, not forgetting the olde Prouerbe : 
 
 Women be forgetftdl, Children be vnkind, 
 Executors be couetous, and take what they find. 
 If any body aske where the deads goods became, 
 
 They answere, So God me help <Sr^ holydome, he died a 
 poore man. 
 
 One worthy citizen marchant taylor hauing many years 
 
 considered this prouerb afore going, hath therfore established 
 
 to 13. poor aged men Marchant Taylors 6.1i. a.s. to each 
 
 1 (Stokenheath) 
 
 I 3 
 
ii6 Honor of Citizens, and worthinesse of men 
 
 yearely for euer : hee hath also giuen them Gownes of good 
 broade cloath, lined thorough with Bayes, and are to receiue 
 euery 3. yeares end, the like new gownes for euer. 
 
 And now of some women : Citizens wiues, deseruing 
 
 memory, for example to posterity shall bee noted : Dame 
 
 Agnes Foster. Agnes Foster widdow, sometime wife to Stephen Foster Fish- 
 
 Page ixy monger, Mayor, | 1455. hauing inlarged the Prison of Lud- 
 
 gate, in 1463. procured in a common Counsel! of this Citie, 
 
 certayne Articles to be established, for the ease, comfort and 
 
 reliefe of poore Prisoners there, as in the Chapter of gates 
 
 I haue set downe. 
 
 Auice Gibson, Auice Gibson, wife vnto Nicholas Gibson Grocer, one of the 
 
 chapeil, a free SheriiTes, 1539. by licence of her husband, founded a Free 
 
 schooie, and schoole at Radclyfe neare vnto London, appointing to the same 
 
 almes houses \-i -1 1 i o 1 1 
 
 at Redciyfe. for the instruction of 60. poore mens Children, ^a Schoole- 
 
 maister, and Vsher with 50. poundes : shee also builded Almes 
 
 houses for xiiii. poore aged parsons, each of them to receiue 
 
 quarterly vi.s. viii.d. the peece for euer '. The gouernment of 
 
 which Free schoole and Almes houses, shee left in confidence 
 
 to the Coopers in London. This vertuous Gentlewoman was 
 
 after ioyned in marriage with Sir A?ithony Knetiet Knight, 
 
 and so called the Lady Kneuet : a fayre paynted Table of hir 
 
 Cursed is hee picture was placed in the Chappie which she had builded there, 
 
 his^netghbors ^^^ °^ "^^^ remooued thence by the like reason, as the Grocers 
 
 marke, haue I Armes fixed OH the outer Wall of the Schoolehouse are pulled 
 
 downe, and the Coopers set in place. 
 MargaretDan. Margaret Damie, widdow to William Danne Ironmonger, 
 one of the Sheriffes of London, 1570. gaue by his Testament 
 to the Ironmongers 3000. pound, to bee lent to young men of 
 that Company, paying after the rate of v. li. the yeare for 
 euerie hundred, which C. li. so rising yearely, to bee imployed 
 on charitable actions, as she then appointed, but not performed 
 in more then 30. yeares after. 
 Mary Ramsey. Dame Mary Ramsey, wife to Sir Thomas Ramsey Mayor, 
 about the yeare 1577. beeing seased of landes in Fee simple 
 of hir inheritance, to the yearely value of 343. poundes, by 
 his consent gaue the same to Christes Hospitall in London, 
 
 '"' xli. the M. and vi. li. vis. viii. d. the Vsher {Stow in ' Faults 
 escaped' 1603). 
 
Honor of Citisens, and worthinesse ofrnen 117 
 
 towardes the reliefe ofpoore children there, and other waies as 
 in my summarie and abridgement I haue long since expressed, 
 which gift shee in hir widdowhood confirmed and augmented, 
 as is shewed by monumentes in Christes Hospitall erected. 
 
 Thus much for the worthines of Cittizens in this citty, touch- lohn Lidgate 
 ing whome lohn Lidgate a Monke of Bury, in the raigne of *" P'?>'=^ "'' , 
 
 TT ^ • 1/ \ IjOndoners of 
 
 Jienry the sixt made (amongst other) these verses following. | Ws time. 
 
 Of seauen thinges I prays e this Citty. Page nS 
 
 Of true meaning andfaithfull obsertiatice, 
 
 Of righteousnes, truth and equity. 
 
 Of stablenes aye kept in Legiance. 
 
 And for of vertue thou hast suffisance, 
 
 In this land here, and other lond{e)s all, 
 
 The kinges Chamber of Custome, men thee call. 
 
 Hauing thus in generality handled the originall, the walles, 
 gates, ditches, and fresh waters, the bridges, towers and castles, 
 the schooles of learning, and houses of law, the orders and 
 customes, sportes and pastimes, watchinges, and martiall 
 exercises, and lastly the honor and worthines of the Cittizens: 
 I am now to set downe the distribution of this Citty into 
 parts : and more especially to declare the antiquities note 
 worthy in euery of the same : and how both the whole and 
 partes haue beene from time to time, ruled and gouerned. 
 
 1 HE Auncient diuision of this Cittie, was into Wardcs or The citty of 
 Aldermanries : and therefore I will beginne at the East, and dlu^jed from 
 so proceede thorough the high and most principall streete of the past to west, 
 cittie to the west after this manner. First through Aldgate h"al°e%nd a 
 streete, to the west corner of S. Andrewes church called "<"■"' ''^'f<=- 
 Vndershaft, on the right hand and Lymestreete corner on the 
 left, all which is of Aldgate Warde : from thence through 
 Cornhill streete, to the west corner of Leaden hall, all which 
 is of Lymestreete Warde : from thence leaning the streete, 
 that leadeth to Bishopsgate on the right hande, and the waye 
 that leadeth into Grasse streete on the lefte, still through 
 Cornhill streete, by the conduite to the West corner against Thestockes 
 the Stockes, all which is in Cornhill Warde, then by the said ^fd's'^^*/^he 
 Stockes (a market place both of fish and flesh standing in the Cittie. 
 
ii8 The Citie diuided into partes 
 
 midst of the cittie) through the Poultrie (a streete so called) to 
 the great conduite in west Cheape, and so through Cheape to 
 the Standarde, which is of Cheape Warde, except on the 
 Page 119 south I side from Bowlane, to the said Standard, which is of 
 Cordwayner streete ward. Then by the Standard to the 
 great crosse, which is in Cripplegate ward on the North side, 
 and in Bredstreet ward on the South side. And to the httle 
 Conduit by Paules gate, from whence of olde time the saide 
 high streete stretched straight to Ludgate, all in the ward of 
 Faringdon within, then diuided truly from East to West, but 
 since by meanes of the burning of Paules Church, which was 
 in the raigne of William the first, Mauricius then Bishop of 
 London layd the foundation of a new Church, so farre in 
 largenesse exceeding the olde, that the way towards Ludgate 
 was thereby greatly streightned, as before I have discoursed. 
 The Citty Now from the North to the South, this Citie was of olde 
 
 nortVto south time diuided not by a large high way or streete, as from East 
 into a east ^q West, but by a faire Brooke of sweete water, which came 
 west halfe. from out the North fields through the wall, and midst of the 
 Citie, into the riuer of Thames, which diuision is till this day 
 constantly and without change maintained. This water was 
 The course of called (as I haue said) Walbrooke, not Galus brooke of a 
 a roo e. Romane captaine, slaine by Asclepiodatus, and throwne therein, 
 as some haue fabuled, but of running through, and from the 
 wall of this Citie. The course whereof, to prosecute it perticu- 
 larly, was and is from the said wall, to Saint Margarets 
 Church in Lothberrie : from thence beneath the lower part of 
 the Grocers hall, about the East part of their Kitchen, vnder 
 Saint Mildreds Church, somewhat west from the said Stockes 
 market : from thence through Buckelsberry, by one great 
 house builded of stone and timber, called the old Bardge, 
 because Barges out of the riuer of Thames were rowed vp so 
 far into this Brooke on the backside of the houses in Walbrooke 
 streete (which streete taketh name of the said Brooke) by the 
 west end of Saint lohns Church vpon Walbrooke, vnder 
 Horshew Bridge by the west side of Tallow Chandlers hall, 
 and of the Skinners hall, and so behinde the other houses, to 
 Elbow lane, and by a part thereof downe Greenewitch lane, 
 into the riuer of Thames. 
 
The Citie diuided into partes 119 
 
 This is the course of Walbrooke, which was of old time The course of 
 bridged ouer in diuerse places, for passage of horses, and men, ^ched°o°ue^r. 
 as neede | required : but since by meanes of encrochment on Page 120 
 the banks thereof, the channel being greatly streightned, and 
 other noyances done thereunto, at length the same by common 
 consent was arched ouer with Bricke, and paued with stone, 
 equall with the ground where through it passed, and is now 
 in most places builded vpon, that no man may by the eye 
 discerne it, and therefore the trace thereof is hardly knowne 
 to the common people. 
 
 This Citie was diuided from East to West, and from North This Citie 
 to South : I am further to shew how the same was of olde wTrdes. 
 time broken into diuerse partes called wardes, whereof Fitz- 
 stephen more then foure hundred yeares since writeth thus. 
 This Cittie (saith he) euen as Rome, is diuided into wardes, it 
 hath yearly Shiriffes in steade of Consuls. It hath the dignitie 
 of Senators in Aldermen, &-c. The number of these wardes Wardes in 
 in London were both before, and in the raigne of Henrie the p°tentRecord 
 third 24. in all : whereof 13. lay on the East side of the sayd 
 Walbrooke, and 11. on the West: notwithstanding these 11. 
 grew much more larger then those on the East : and therefore Waides in 
 in the yeare of Christ, X393. the 17. of Richard the second, °'^ o^-^s- 
 Faringdon warde, which was then one entire warde, but 
 mightily increased of buildings without the gates : was by 
 Parliament appointed to be diuided into twain, and to haue 
 two Aldermen, to wit, Faringdon within, and Faringdon 
 without, which made vp the number of 13. wards on the west 
 side of Walbrooke, and so the whole number of 25- o"^ both 
 sides : moreouer in the yeare 1550. the Maior, Communalty, 
 and Citizens of London, purchasing the liberties of the Borough 
 of Southwarke, appointed the same to be a warde of London, 
 and so became the number of 13. wardes on the East, la. on vvardes in 
 the West, and one south the riuer Thames in the said Borough Borough of 
 of Southwarke, the Countie of Surrey, which in all arise to Souihwark 26. 
 the number of 36. wards, and 26. Aldermen of London. 
 
 Wardes on the East part of Walbrooke are these. 
 
 I Portsoken ward without 
 the walles. 
 
 2 Towerstreete warde. Names of 
 
 wardes in 
 
 3 Ealdegate warde. London. 
 
I20 The Citie diuided into partes 
 
 Page 121 
 
 4 Limestreete warde. 
 
 5 Bishopsgate warde within 
 
 the walles, and without. 
 
 6 Brodestreete warde. | 
 
 7 Cornehil warde. 
 
 8 Langbourne warde. 
 
 9 Billingsgate warde. 
 
 10 Bridge warde within. 
 
 11 Candlewicke streete 
 
 warde. 
 I a Walbrooke warde. 
 13 Downgate warde. 
 
 Wardes on the west side of Walbrooke are these. 
 
 30 Aldersgate warde within 
 
 and without, 
 a I Faringdon ward within. 
 
 22 Bredstreete warde. 
 
 23 Queenehith warde. 
 
 24 Castle Baynarde ward. 
 35 Faringdon ward without 
 
 the walles. 
 
 14 Vintry warde. 
 
 15 Cord wainer streete warde. 
 
 16 Cheape warde. 
 
 17 Colmanstreete warde. 
 iH Bassings hall warde. 
 19 Cripplegate warde within 
 
 and without. 
 
 One ward south the river 
 Southwarke, by the name of 
 26 Bridge ward without. 
 
 Thames, in the Borough of 
 
 Knigbten 
 Guild. 
 
 Of Portesoken warde, the first in the East part. 
 
 Portsoken oEEING that of euery these Wardes, I haue to say some- 
 what, I will begin with Portsoken warde, without Ealdgate. 
 
 This Portsoken, which soundeth, the Franchise at the gate, 
 was sometime a Guild, and had beginning in the dayes of 
 
 Lib. Trinitate. king Edgar, more then 600. yeares since. There were thirteene 
 Knights, or Soldiers welbeloued to the king and realme, for 
 seruice by them done, which requested to haue a certaine 
 portion of land on the East part of the Citie, left desolate 
 and forsaken by the Inhabitants, by reason of too much 
 seruitude. They besought the king to haue this land, with 
 the libertie of a Guilde for euer : the king granted to their 
 request with conditions following : that is, | that each of them 
 should victoriously accomplish three combates, one aboue the 
 ground, one vnder ground, and the third in the water, and 
 after this at a certaine day in East Smithfield, they should 
 run with Speares against all commers, all which was gloriously 
 
 Pas'e 122 
 
Portesoken warde 121 
 
 performed : and the same day the king named it knighten Boundes of 
 Guild, & so bounded it, from Ealdgate to the place where G°|fj'''o'° 
 the bars now are toward the east, on both the sides of the Portsoken 
 streete, and extended it towards Bishopsgate in the North, 
 vnto the house then of William Presbiter, after of Giffrey 
 Tanner, and then of the heyres of Coluer, after that of John 
 Easeby, but since of the Lord Bourckier, &c. And againe 
 towardes the South vnto the riuer of Thames, and so farre 
 into the water, as a horseman entering the same, may ride at 
 a low water, and throw his speare : so that all East Smith- 
 field, with the right part of the streete that goeth to Dodding 
 Pond into the Thames, and also the Hospitall of Saint 
 Katherins, with the Mils, that were founded in king Stephens 
 dayes, and the outward stone wall, and the new ditch of the 
 Tower are of the said Fee and Libertie : for the saide wall 
 and ditch of the Tower were made in the time of king 
 Richard, when he was in the holy land, by William Long- 
 shampe, Bishop of Ely, as before I have noted vnto you. 
 These knightes had as then none other Charter by all the 
 dayes of Edgar, Ethelred, and Cnutus, vntill the time of 
 Edward the Confessor, whom the heires of those knights 
 humblie besought to confirme their liberties, whereunto he 
 graciously graunting, gaue them a deede thereof, as appeareth 
 in the booke of the late house of the holy Trinitie. The said Lib.Tdnitate. 
 Charter is faire written in the Saxon letter and tongue. After 
 this king William the sonne of William the Conqueror, made 
 a confirmation of the same liberties, vnto the heyres of 
 those knights, in these wordes. William king of England to 
 Matirice Bishop, and Godffrey de Magum, and Richard de 
 Parre, and to his faithfull people of London, greeting : knoiv 
 yee mee to haue granted to the men of Knighten Guilde, the 
 Guilde that belonged to them, and the land that belonged there- 
 tmto, with all Customes, as they had the same in the time of 
 king Edward, and my father. Witnesse Hugh de Bnche: at 
 Rething. After him, king Henry the first confirmed the 
 same by his Charter, to | the like effect, the recitall whereof, Page isj 
 I pretermit for breuitie. After which time, the Church of Priorie of the 
 the holy Trinitie within Ealdgate of London, being founded Ea'ldglte?'^'" 
 by Queene Matilde, wife to the saide Henrie, the multitude 
 
122 Portesoken warde 
 
 of brethren praysing God day and night therein, in short 
 time so increased, that all the Citie was delighted in the 
 beholding of them: insomuch that in the yeare 1115. cer- 
 taine Burgesses of London, of the progenie of those Noble 
 English knights to wit Radulphns Fitzalgod, Wilmarde le 
 Deuereske , Orgare le Prude, Edward Hupcornehill, Black- 
 stantis, and Alwine his kinsman, and Robert his brother, the 
 Knighten- sonnes of Leafstaiius the Goldsmith, Wiso his sonne, Hugh 
 the'canonTof PH^i'ulgar, Algare Secusme, comming togitber into the 
 the holy Chapter house of the said Church of the holy Trinitie, gaue 
 
 to the same Church and Canons seruing God therein, all the 
 lands and soke called in English Knighten Guilde, which 
 lieth to the wall of the Citie, without the same gate, and 
 stretcheth to the riuer of Thames, they gaue it, I say, taking 
 vpon them the Brotherhoode and participation of the bene- 
 fites of that house, by the handes of Prior Norman. And 
 the better to confirme this their graunt, they offered vpon the 
 Altar there, the Charter of Edward, togither with the other 
 Charters, which they had thereof: and afterward they did 
 put the foresayd Prior in seisine thereof, by the Church of 
 Saint Buttolphes which is builded thereon, and is the head of 
 that land : These things were thus done, before Bernard 
 Prior of Dunstable, lohn Prior of Derland, Geffrey Clinton 
 Chamberlaine, and many other Clarkes and Laymen, French 
 and English. Orgar le Prude (one of their Companie) was 
 sent to king Henrie, beseeching him to confirme their gift, 
 which the king gladly granted by his deede. Henrie king of 
 England to R. B. of London, to the Shiriffes, and Prouost, 
 and to all his Barons, and faithfull people, French and Eng- 
 lish, of London, and Middlesex, greeting. Know ye mee to 
 haue graunted, and confirmed to the Church and Canons of the 
 holy Trinitie of London, the Soke of the English knighten 
 Guilde, and the land which pertaineth thereunto, and the 
 Church of S. Buttolpli, as the men of the same Guilde haue 
 giuen, and granted vnto them : and I ivill and straightly corn- 
 Page 124 maund, that they may hold the same \ well and honourably and 
 freely, with sacke and soke, toll, and Theam, infangthefe, and 
 all customs belonging to it, as the men of the same Guild in 
 best sort had the same in the time of K. Edward, and as king 
 
Portesoken warde 123 
 
 William my father, and brother did grant it to them by their 
 writs. Witnesse A. the Queene, Geffrey Clinton the Chaun- 
 cellor, and William of Clinton at Woodstocke. All these pre- 
 scribed writings (saieth my booke) which sometime belonged 
 to the Priorie of the holy Trinitie, are registred in the end 
 of the booke of Remembrances, in the Guildhall of London, 
 mai-ked with the letter C. folio 134. The king sent also his 
 Shirififes to wit, Aubery de Vere, and Roger nephew to Hubert, 
 which vpon his behalfe should inuest this church with the 
 possessions hereof, which the said Shiriffes accomplished 
 comming vpon the ground, Andrew Bucheuite, and the fore- 
 named witnesses, and other standing by : notwithstanding, 
 Othowerus, Acoliuillus, Otto, and Geffrey Earle of Essex, Constables of 
 Constables of the Tower by succession, withheld by force 
 a portion of the said land, as I haue before deliuered. The 
 Prior and Chanons of the holy Trinitie, being thus seised of 
 the said land and Soke of knighten Guilde, a part of the 
 Suburbe without the wall, (but within the liberties of the 
 Citie) the same Prior was for him, and his successors, admitted Part of 
 as one of the Aldermen of London, to gouerne the same land wUhheld " 
 and Soke : according to the customes of the Citie, he did sit in by the 
 
 . ,,.T-.i 1A11 Constables of 
 
 Court and rode ^ with the Maior, and his Brethren the Alder- the Tower, 
 men, as one of them, in Scarlet, or other leuery, as they vsed, 
 vntill the yeare 153 1. at the which time, the said Priory by Prior of the 
 the last Prior there was surrendred to king Henry the eight, Aiderman"of 
 in the 23. of his raigne, who gaue this Priorie to sir Thomas London. 
 Audley, knight, Lord Chauncellor of England, and he pulled 
 downe the Church. Sithens the which dissolution of that 
 house, the sayde Ward of Portsoken hath beene gouerned 
 by a temporall man, one of the Aldermen of London, elected 
 by the Citizens, as by the Aldermen of other wardes. Thus 
 much for the out boundes of Cnitten Guilde, or Portsoken 
 Warde, and for the antiquitie and gouernment thereof. 
 
 Now of the parts therein, this is specially to be noted. 
 First the East part of the Tower standeth there, then an 
 Hospitall of I Saint Katherins founded by Matilde the Queene, page 12; 
 wife to king Stephen, by licence of the prior and Couent of 
 the holy Trinitie in London on whose ground she founded it. 
 ' rode] road 1603 
 
124 
 
 Povtesoken wavde 
 
 Hospitall of 
 S. Katherins. 
 A second 
 foundresse. 
 
 New Abbey 
 on Eastsmith- 
 field. 
 
 Buriall for the 
 dead prepared 
 in time of 
 pestilence. 
 
 Pa^e 126 
 
 Helianor the Queene wife to king Edward the first, a second 
 foundresse, appointed there to be a Maister, three brethren 
 Chaplaines, and three Sisters, ten poore women, and sixe 
 poore Clarkes, she gaue to them the Mannor of Carlton in 
 Wiltshire, and Vpchurch in Kent, &c. Queene Philip wife 
 to V\r^% Edward the third 1351. founded a Chauntrie there, 
 and gaue to that Hospitall ten pound land by yeare : it was 
 of late time called a free chappell, a colledge, and an Hos- 
 pital for poore sisters. The Quire, which of late yeares was 
 not much inferior to that of Paules, was dissolued by Doctor 
 Wilson a late maister there, the brethren and sisters remain- 
 ing: this house was valued at 315. pound, foureteene shillings, 
 two pence, being now of late yeres inclosed about, or pestered 
 with small tenements, and homely cottages, hauing inhabitants, 
 English and strangers, more in number then in some citie(s) 
 in England. There lie buried in this church, the countesse 
 of Huntington, countesse of the March in her time, 1429. 
 lohn Holland Duke of Excester and Earle of Huntington 
 1447. and his two wiues, in a fayre Tombe on the North side 
 the Quire, Thomas W alsingham Esquire, and Thomas Ballarde 
 Esquire by him, 1465. Thomas Flemming knight. 1466. &c. 
 
 On the East and by North of the Tower, lieth Eastsmith- 
 field, and Tower hill, two plots of ground so called, without 
 the wall of the citie, and East from them both was sometime 
 a Monasterie called new Abbey, founded by king Edward the 
 third, in the yeare 1359. vpon occasion as followeth. 
 
 In the yeare 1348. the 23 of Edward the third, the first 
 great pestilence in his time began, and increased so sore, that 
 for want of roome in churchyardes to burie the dead of the 
 citie, and of the suburbes, one lohn Corey clearke, procured of 
 Nicholas prior of the holy Trinitie within Ealdgate, one Toft 
 of ground neare vnto Eastsmithfield, for the burial of them 
 that died, with condition that it might be called the Church 
 yard of the holy Trinitie, which ground he caused by the aide 
 of diuerse deuout citizens to be inclosed with a wall of stone. 
 Robert Elsing sonne of William Elsing, \ gaue fiue pound 
 thereunto : and the same was dedicated by Ralph Stratford 
 Bishop of London, where innumerable bodies of the dead 
 were afterwardes buried, and a chappell built in the same 
 
Portesoken warde 125 
 
 place, to the honour of God : to the which king Edward 
 setting his eie (hauing before in a tempest on the sea, and 
 perill of drowning, made a vow to build a Monasterie to the 
 honour of God, and our Ladie of grace, if God would grant 
 him grace to come safe to land) builded there a Monasterie, 
 placing an Abbot, and Monkes of the Cistercian, or white 
 order. The bounds of this plot of ground togither with a 
 decree for Tithes thereof, are expressed in the Charter, the 
 effect whereof I haue set downe in another place, and haue to 
 shew. This house, at the late general suppression was valued 
 at 546. /. 10. d. yearely, it was surrendered in the yeare 1539. 
 the 30. oi Henrie the 8. since the which time, the said Monas- 
 terie being cleane pulled downe by sir Arthur Darcie knight, 
 and other, of late time in place thereof is builded a large 
 Storehouse for victuale, and conuenient Ouens are builded 
 there, for baking of Bisket to serue her Maiesties Shippes. 
 The groundes adioyning belonging to the said Abbey, are 
 employed in building of small tenements. 
 
 For Tower hill, as the same is greatly diminished by Tower hill. 
 building of tenements and garden plots, &c., so it is of late, 
 to wit in the yeare of Christ 1593. on the North side thereof, Marchant 
 and at the West ende of Hogstreete, beautified by certaine tou's^af ^e' 
 faire Almes houses, strongly builded of Bricke and timber, Tower hill. 
 and couered with slate for the poore, by the Marchant 
 Taylers of London, in place of some small cottages, giuen to 
 them by Richard Nils sometime a master of that companie, 
 10c. loades of timber for that vse being also giuen by 
 Anthonie Radcliffe of the same societie. Alderman. In these 
 Almes houses 14. charitable brethren of the said Marchant 
 taylers yet lining, haue placed 14. poore sole women, which 
 receyue each of them of their founder sixteene pence, or 
 better, weekely, besides 8. /. 15. s. yearely, paide out of the 
 common Treasurie of the same corporation for fewell. 
 
 From the west part of this Tower hill, towards Ealdgate, 
 being a long continuall streete, amongst other smaller build- 
 ings in that row, there was sometimes an Abbey of Nunnes of 
 the order | of Saint Clare, called the Minories, founded by Page i2y 
 Edmond Earle of Lancaster, Leycester and Darbie, brother to 
 king Edward the first, in the yeare 1293. the length of which 
 
126 Portesoken warde 
 
 Abbey of Abbey conteyned 15. perches, and seuen foote, neare vnto the 
 
 Nunnes ^^^ kings streete^ or high way, &c. as appeareth by a deede dated 
 
 ^Ued the 1303. a plague of pestilence being in this Citie, in the yeare 
 
 1515. there died in this house, of Nunnes professed, to the 
 
 number of 27. besides other lay people, seruants in their 
 
 house. This house was valued to dispend 418. pounds, 8. s. 
 
 5. d. yearely, and was surrendered by Dame Elizabeth Saluage, 
 
 the last Abbeyes there, vnto king Henry the 8. in the 30. of 
 
 his raigne, the yeare of Christ 1539. 
 
 Storehouse In place of this house of Nunnes, is now builded diuerse 
 
 for armour. j-^j^.^ ^^^^ large Storehouses, for armour, and habiliments of 
 
 warre, with diuerse worke houses seruing to the same purpose : 
 
 Parish church there is a small parrish Church for inhabitants of the close, 
 
 ofS.Trinitie. ^^\^^^ 5. Trinities. 
 
 A farme Neare adioyning to this Abbey on the South side thereof, 
 
 Minories ^^^ Sometime a Farme belonging to the said Nunrie, at the 
 
 wherein hath vvhich Farme I my selfe in my youth haue fetched many a 
 
 3. pints of halfe pennie worth of Milke, and neuer had lesse then three 
 
 miike for one ^jg pints for a half-pennie in the Sommer, nor lesse then one 
 
 halie pennie *• , ,, . . 
 
 inraemorie of Alc quart for a halfe pennie m the Winter, alwayes bote from 
 
 men lining, ^.j^^ Kine, as the same was milked and strained. One Trolop, 
 
 and afterwardes Goodman, were the Farmers there, and had 
 
 thirtie or fortie Kine to the paile. Goodmans sonne being 
 
 heyre to his fathers purchase, let out the ground first for 
 
 grazing of horse, and then for garden plots, and liued like a 
 
 Gentleman thereby. 
 
 Ditch of the On the other side of that streete, lieth the ditch without the 
 
 citie lay open walles of the Citie, which of olde time was vsed to lie open, 
 
 and was . . '^ 
 
 clensed, but alwayes from time to time cleansed from filth and mud, as 
 now e vp. j^egjg required, of great breadth, and so deepe, that diuers 
 watring horses where they thought it shallowest, were drowned 
 both horse and man. But now of later time, the same ditch is 
 inclosed, and the banks thereof let out for Garden plots, Carpen- 
 ters yardes, Bowling Allies, and diuerse houses thereon builded, 
 whereby the Citie wall is hidden, the ditch filled vp, a small 
 channell left, and that verie shallow. 
 
 From Ealdgate East, lyeth a large streete, and high way, | 
 
 Page 128 sometime replenished with few, but faire and comely buildings 
 
 on the North side, whereof the first was the parrish Church of 
 
Portesoken warde 127 
 
 Saint Butiolph, in a large Cemitarie, or Churchyard. This Parish church 
 
 Church hath beene lately new builded at the speciall charges ° ' °"° ^ ' 
 
 of the Priors of the holy Trinitie, patrones thereof, as it 
 
 appeareth by the Armes of that house engrauen on the stone 
 
 worke. The Parishioners of this parish being of late yeares 
 
 mightily increased, the Church is pestered with loftes and 
 
 seates for them. Monumentes in this Church are few : Henrie 
 
 lorden founded a Chaunterie there, ^ lohn Ronieny, Ollarius, 
 
 and Agnes his wife ^ were buried there about 1408. Richard 
 
 Chester Alderman, one of the Shiriffes 1484. Thomas Lord 
 
 Darcie of the North, knight of the Garter, beheaded 1537. 
 
 Sir Nicholas Carew of Bedington in Surrey, knight of the 
 
 Garter, beheaded 1538. sir Arthur Darcy youngest sonne to 
 
 Thomas Lorde Darcie, deceased at the new Abbey on the 
 
 Tower hill, was buried there. East from this Parrish Church 
 
 there were certaine faire Innes for receipt of trauellers re- 
 
 payring to the Citie, vp towards Hog-lane end, somewhat Hoggelane. 
 
 within the Barres, a marke shewing how farre the liberties of 
 
 the Citie do extend. 
 
 This Hogge lane stretcheth North toward Saint Marie 
 Spitle without Bishopsgate, and within these fortie yeares, 
 had on both sides fayre hedgerowes of Elme trees, with Bridges 
 and easie stiles to passe ouer into the pleasant fieldes, very com- 
 modious for Citizens therein to walke, shoote, and otherwise 
 to recreate and refresh their dulled spirites in the sweete and 
 wholesome ayre, which is nowe within few yeares made a con- 
 tinuall building throughout, of Garden houses, and small 
 Cottages : and the fields on either side be turned into Garden 
 plottes, teynter yardes. Bowling Allyes, and such like, from 
 Houndes ditch in the West, so farre as white Chappell, and 
 further towards the East. 
 
 On the Southside of the high way from Ealdgate, were 
 some few tenements thinly scattered, here & there, with many 
 voyd spaces between them, vp to the Bars, but now that street 
 is not only fully replenished with buildings outward, & also 
 pestered with diuerse Allyes, on eyther side to the Barres, 
 but to white Chappell | and beyond. Amongst the which late Page 129 
 
 i-i lohn Romeny Olarie and Agnes his wife 1603; John Romany, 
 Olarie and Agnes his wives 163J 
 
128 Portesoken warde 
 
 Water conduit buildings one memorable for the commoditie of that East 
 ^^ ^' part of this Cittie, is a fayre water Conduite, harde without the 
 Gate, (at) the building whereof, in the yeare 1535- Sir lohn 
 Allen being Maior, two fifteenes were granted by the Citizens 
 for the making, and laying of Pypes to conuey water from 
 Hackney to that place, and so that worke was finished. 
 Hounds ditch. From Aldgate Northwest to Bishopsgate, lieth the ditch of 
 the Cittie, called Houndes ditch, for that in olde time when 
 the same lay open, much filth (conueyed forth of the Citie) 
 especially dead Dogges were there layd or cast : wherefore of 
 latter time a mudde wall was made inclosing the ditch, to 
 keepe out the laying of such filth as had beene accustomed. 
 Ouer against this mudde wall on the other side of the streete, 
 was a fayre fielde, sometime belonging to the Priorie of the 
 Trinitie, and since by Sir Thomas Audley giuen to Magdalen 
 Colledge in Cambridge : this fielde (as all other about the 
 citie) was inclosed, reseruing open passage there into, for such 
 as were disposed. Towards the street were some small 
 cottages, of two stories high, and little garden plottes backe- 
 Bedred people warde, for poore bedred people, for in that streete dwelt none 
 ditch']'"" ^ other, builded by some Prior of the holy Trinitie, to whom 
 that ground belonged. 
 
 In my youth, I remember, deuout people as well men as 
 women of this Citie, were accustomed oftentimes, especially on 
 Frydayes weekely to walke that way purposely there to bestow 
 their charitable almes, euerie poore man or woman lying in 
 their bed within their window, which was towards the streete 
 open so low that euery man might see them, a clean linnen 
 cloth lying in their window, and a payre of Beades to shew 
 that there lay a bedred body, vnable but to pray onely. This 
 streete was first paued in the yeare 1503. 
 Brasse ordi- About the latter raigne of Henrie the eight, three brethren 
 Houndfditch *-^^* were Gunfounders surnamed Oivens, gate ground there to 
 build vpon, and to inclose for casting of Brasse Ordinance. 
 These occupied a good part of the streete on the field side, 
 and in short time diuerse other also builded there, so that the 
 Page ISO poore bedred people | were worne out, and in place of their 
 homely Cottages, such houses builded, as doe rather want 
 roome then rent, which houses be for the most part possessed 
 
Povtesoken warde 129 
 
 by Brokers, sellers of olde apparell, and such like. The residue 
 of the fielde was for the most part made into a Garden, by 
 a Gardener named Cawsway, one that serued the Markets 
 with Hearbes and Rootes : and in the last yeare of King 
 Edwarde the , sixt, the same was parceled into Gardens, 
 wherein are now many fayre houses of pleasure builded. 
 
 On the ditch side of this streete, the mudde wall is also by 
 little and little all taken downe, the Banke of the ditch beeing 
 raysed made leuell ground, and turned into Garden plottes, 
 and Carpenters yardes, and many large houses are there 
 builded, the filth of which houses, as also the earth cast out 
 of their Vaultes, is turned into the ditch, by which meanes the 
 ditch is filled vp, and both the ditch and wall so hidden, that 
 they cannot bee seene of the passers by. This Portsoken 
 warde hath an Alderman and his deputie, common Councellers 
 sixe, Constables foure, Scauengers foure, for the Wardemote 
 inquest eighteene, and a Beedle. To the fifteene it is cessed 
 at foure pound ten shillings. | 
 
 Tower streete warde. Page 131 
 
 The first Warde in the East parte of this cittie within the Tower streete 
 
 wall, is called Towerstreete ward, and extendeth along the ^^^ ^" 
 
 riuer of Thames from the said Tower in the East, almost to 
 
 Belinsgate in the West : One halfe of the Tower, the ditch on 
 
 the West side, and bulwarkes adioyning do stand within that 
 
 parte, where the wall of the cittie of old time went straight 
 
 from the Posterne gate south to the riuer of Thames, before 
 
 that the Tower was builded. From and without the Tower Tower hill. 
 
 ditch West and by North, is the saide Tower hill, sometime 
 
 a large plot of ground, now greatly streightned by incroch- 
 
 mentes, (vnlawfully made and suffered) for Gardens and 
 
 Houses, some on the Banke of the Tower ditch, whereby the 
 
 Tower ditch is marred, but more neare vnto the Wall of the 
 
 cittie from the Posterne North till ouer against the principall 
 
 fore gate of the Lord Lumleyes house, &c. but the Tower 
 
 Warde goeth no further that way. 
 
 Vpon this Hill is alwayes readily prepared at the charges Scaffold on 
 of the cittie a large Scaffolde and Gallowes of Timber, for the '^°'''' '''"• 
 execution of such Traytors or Transgressors, as are deliuered 
 
I30 
 
 Tower streete warde 
 
 Lib.L. 
 folio 40. 
 
 rioclamation, 
 W. Dun- 
 thorne. 
 
 Page 132 
 
 Chicke lane. 
 
 Tower streete. 
 Alhallowes 
 Barking, a 
 parish church, 
 Barking 
 chappell of 
 our Ladie. 
 
 out of the Tower, or otherwise to the Shiriffes of London by 
 writ there to be executed. I read that in the fift of King 
 Edivarde the fourth a scaffold and gallowes was there set vp 
 by other the Kinges Officers, and not of the Citties charges, 
 whereupon the Mayor and his Brethren complayned, but were 
 aunswered by the King that the Tower hill was of the libertie 
 of the cittie : And whatsoeuer was done in that point, was not 
 in derogation of the cities Liberties, and therefore commaunded 
 Proclamation to bee made, aswell within the Citie as in the 
 Suburbes, as followeth : For as much as the seauenth day of 
 this present Moneth of Nouember, Gallowes were erect and 
 set vppe besides our Tower of London, within the liberties 
 and franchises of our cittie of London, in derogation and 
 preiudice of the liberties and franchises of this cittie. | The 
 king our soueraigne Lord would it bee certainely vnderstood 
 that the erection and setting vp of the said gallowes was not 
 done by his commaundement, wherefore the King our soueraign 
 Lord wiUeth that the erection and setting vp the said Gallowes 
 bee not any president or example thereby hereafter to be taken, 
 in hurte, preiudice or derogation of the franchises, liberties, & 
 priuiledges of the said cittie, which hee at all times hath had 
 & hath in his beneuolence, tender fauour and good grace, &c. 
 Apud Westminst. 9. die Noiiemb. Anno regni nostri quinto. 
 On the North side of this hill, is the saide Lord Lumleyes 
 house, and on the west side diuers houses lately builded, and 
 other incrochmentes along south to Chicke lane on the east of 
 Barking church, at the end whereof you haue Tower street 
 stretching from the Tower hill, west to S. Margaret Pattens 
 church Parsonage. 
 
 Now therefore to beginne at the East end of the streete, on 
 the North side thereof is the fayre parish Church called 
 Alhallowes Barking, which standeth in a large, but sometime 
 farre larger, cemitory or Churchyearde. On the north side 
 whereof was sometime builded a fayre Chappell, founded by 
 king Richard the first, some haue written that his heart was 
 buried there vnder the high Altar : this chappell was confirmed 
 and augmented by King Edward the i . Edward the fourth 
 gaue licence to his cosen John Earle of Worcester, to found 
 there a Brotherhoode for a Maister and Brethren, and he gaue 
 
Tower streete warde 131 
 
 to the Custos of that fraternity, which was Sir John Scot 
 Knight, Thomas Colte, John Tate, and lohn Croke, the Priorie 
 of Totingbecke, and auction of the parrish Church of Stretham 
 in the county of Surrey, with all the members and appurte- 
 nances, and a parte of the Priory of Okeborn in Wiltshire, 
 both priors Aliens, and appoynted it to be called the kinges 
 chappell or chantrie, In capella beatae Mariae de Barking. 
 King Richard the third new builded and founded therein The Kings 
 a coUedge of Priestes, &c. Hamond de Lega was buried in that g^a^Fn^^ "^ 
 chappie, Robert Tate Mayor of London, 1488. and other were 
 there buried. This colledge was suppressed & pulled downe I. Rowse. 
 in the yeare 1548. the second of king Edward the sixt, the 
 ground e was imployed as a Garden plot, during the raigns of 
 King Edward, Queene Mary, and parte of Queene Elizabeth, 
 till at length ] a large strong frame of Timber and bricke was Page 133 
 set thereon, and imployed as a store house of Marchantes 
 goodes brought from the sea, by Sir William Winter, &c. 
 
 Monumentes in the parrish church of Alhallowes Barking, 
 not defaced, are these : Sir Thomas Studinham of Norwich 
 Dioces, Knight, 1469. Thomas Gilbart Draper and Marchant 
 of the Staple, 1483. lohn Bolt Marchant of the Staple, 1459. 
 Sir lohn Stile Knight, Draper, 1500. William Thinne Esquier, 
 one of the Clearkes of the Greene cloath, and Maister of the 
 Houshold to K. Henry the eight, 1546. Humfrey Monmouth 
 Draper, one of the Sheriffes, 1535. buried in the churchyearde. 
 William Denham, one of the Sheriffes, 1534. Henry Howard 
 Earle of Surrey beheaded 1546. Sir Richarde Deuereiix sonne 
 and Heyre to the Lord Ferrers of Chartley, Richard Browne 
 Esquier, 1546. Phillip Dennis Esquier, 1556. Andrew Euenger 
 Salter, William Robinson Mercer, Alderman 1553. William 
 Armorer Clothworker, Esquier, Gouernour of the Pages of 
 honor, or M. of the Heance men, seruant to Henry the eight, 
 Edward the sixt and Queene Mary, buried 1560. Besides 
 which there be diuers Tombes without inscription. lohn 
 Crolys and Thomas Pike, Cittizens of London, founded a 
 Chantery there 1388. By the West ende of this Parrish 
 church and chappell, lyeth Sydon lane, now corruptly called Sidon lane, 
 Sything lane, from Towerstreete vp North to Hart streete. 
 In this Sidon lane diuers fayre and large houses are builded, 
 
 K a 
 
132 
 
 Tower streete -warde 
 
 Parish church 
 of S. Olaue in 
 Hartstreet. 
 
 Pagi 1)4 
 
 Mart lane of 
 a mart kept 
 about Blanch 
 chappel. 
 
 Mincheon 
 lane. 
 
 Galley men 
 dwelled there. 
 
 namely one by Sir lohn Allen, sometime Mayor of London, 
 and of counsell vnto king Henry the eight : Sir Frances 
 Walsingliam Knight, Principal Secretary to the Queenes 
 Maiestie that now is, was lodged there, and so was the Earle 
 of Essex, &c. At the North West corner of this lane, stand- 
 eth a proper parrish Church of Saint Olaue, which Church 
 together with some houses adioyning, and also others ouer 
 against it in Hartstreete, are of the saide Tower streete 
 Warde. Monumentes in this parrish Church of Saint Olaue 
 bee these : Richard Cely, and Robert Cely Felmongers, prin- 
 cipal! builders and benefactors of this Church : Dame lohan, 
 wife to Sir lohn Zonch, 1439. lohn Clarentiaiclx King of 
 Armes, 1427. Thomas Sawle, \ Sir Richard Haddon Mercer, 
 Mayor, 15 1 2. Thomas Buriiell M&rce^r, 1^4'i. Thomas M or ley 
 Gentleman, 1566. '$>\x lohn RadcliffeYjm^t, 1^6%. And Dame 
 Anne his wife, 1585. Chapone a Florentine Gentleman, 1582, 
 Sir Hamond Vaughan Knight, George Stoddard Marchant, &c. 
 
 Then haue yee out of Towerstreete, also on the North side, 
 one other lane, called Marte lane, which runneth vp towardes 
 the North, and is for the most parte of this Towerstreet 
 warde, which lane is about the thirde quarter thereof deuided, 
 from Aldgate ward, by a chaine to bee drawn thwart the 
 saide lane aboue the west ende of Harte streete. Cokedon 
 hall, sometime at the South west end of Marte lane I reade of. 
 
 A third lane out of Towerstreete on the North side is 
 called Mincheon lane, so called of tenements there sometime 
 pertayning to the Minchuns or Nunnes of Saint Helens in 
 Bishopsgate streete : this lane is all of the saide Warde, 
 except the corner house towardes Fenchurch streete. In this 
 lane of olde time dwelled diuers strangers borne of Genoa and 
 those parts, these were commonly called Galley men, as men 
 that came vppe in the Gallies, brought vp wines and other 
 merchandises which they landed in Thames street, at a place 
 called Galley key : they had a certain coin of siluer amongst 
 themselues which were halfe pence of Genoa, & were called 
 Galley halfe pence : these halfe pence were forbidden in the 
 thirteenth of Henry the fourth, and againe by Parliament in 
 the fourth of Henry the fift, it was that if any person bring 
 into this realme Galley halfe pence, suskinges or dodkins, hee 
 
Tower streete warde 133 
 
 should be punished as a Theefe, and he that taketh or payeth 
 such money, shall leese a hundred shillings, whereof the king 
 shall haue the one halfe, and hee that will sue, the other halfe : 
 notwithstanding in my youth I haue scene them passe currant, 
 but with some difficulty, for that the english halfepence were 
 then, though ^ not so broade, somewhat thicker and stronger. 
 
 The Clothworkers hall is in this lane. Then at the west Clothworkers 
 ende of Towerstreet haue ye a little turning towardes the ^ ' 
 North to a fayre house sometime belonging to one named 
 Griste, for he dwelled there in the yeare 1449. And /«cy^^ Gristes house. 
 Cade captaine of the rebels in Kent, being by him in this his 
 house feasted, when he had | dined, like an vnkinde guest. Page 'ss 
 robbed him of all that was there to be found worth the 
 carriage. Next to this is one other fayre house, sometime 
 builded by Angell Dune Grocer, Alderman of London, since 
 possessed by sir lohn Chantpneis Alderman and Maior of 
 London. He builded in this house an high Tower of Bricke, 
 the first that euer I heard of in any private mans house to 
 ouerlooke his neighbours in this Citie. But this delight oflohnChamp- 
 his eye was punished with blindnesse some yeares before his \x\nA. 
 death : since that time sir Percettall Hart a ioUy Courtier and 
 knight, harbenger to the Queene, was lodged there, &c. From 
 this house somewhat West is the Parish Church, and parson- 
 age house of Saint Margarets Pattens, to the which Church 
 and house on the North side, and as farre ouer against on the 
 South, stretcheth the farthest west part of this warde. 
 
 And therefore to begin againe at the East ende of Tower- Beaie lane, 
 streete, on the South side haue ye Beare lane, wherein are 
 many faire houses, and runneth downe to Thames street. 
 The next is Sporiar lane, of old time so called, but since, and Sponar lane, 
 of later time named Water lane, because it runneth downe to i^ne, or Hart 
 the Water gate by the Custome house in Thames streete : '^°^- 
 then is there Hart lane for Harpe lane, which likewise runneth 
 downe into Thames streete. In this Hart lane is the Bakers Bakers hall. 
 Hall, sometime the dwelling house of lohn Chichley Chamber- '^'"^^ 
 lain of London, who was sonne to William Chichley, Alderman 
 of London, brother to William Chichley, Archdeacon of Can- 
 terburie, nephew to Robert Chichley Maior of London, and to 
 ' though] 1633 : thought 1603 
 
134 
 
 Tower streete wavde 
 
 Page ij6 
 
 Galley row. 
 Church lane 
 by East. 
 Church lane 
 in the west. 
 
 Fowle lane. 
 
 Parish church 
 of S. Dun- 
 stone in the 
 East. 
 
 Henrie Ckichley Archbishop of Canterburie. This lohn 
 Chichley, saith lohn Ley land, had 34. children. Sir Thomas 
 Kirrioll of Kent, after he had beene long prisoner in France, 
 married Elizabeth, one of the daughters of this Chichley, by 
 whom he had this Chichleys house. This Elizabeth was 
 secondly married to sir Ralfe Ashton, Knight Marshall : and 
 thirdly, to sir lohn Burchicr, vncle to the late Bnrchier Earle 
 of Essex, but she neuer had childe. Edivard Poynings made 
 part with Burchier and Elizabeth to haue Ostenhanger in 
 Kent, after their death, and entred into it, they liuing. 
 
 In Tower streete, betweene Hart lane, and Church lane, | 
 was a quadrant called Galley row, because Galley men dwelled 
 there. Then haue ye two lanes out of Tower streete, both 
 called Churchlanes, because one runneth downe by the East 
 ende of Saint Ditnstans Church, and the other by the west 
 ende of the same : out of the west lane, turneth another lane, 
 west toward S. Marie Hill, and is called Fowle lane, which is 
 for the most part of Tower streete warde. 
 
 This Church of Saint Dunstone is called in the East, for 
 difference from one other of the same name in the west : it is 
 a fayre and large Church of an auncient building, and within 
 a large Churchyarde : it hath a great parish of many rich 
 Marchants, and other occupiers of diuerse trades, namely 
 Saltars and Ironmongers. 
 
 The monuments in that Church bee these. In the Quire lohn 
 Kenington person, there buried, 1374. William Islip, person, 
 1382. lohn K{i)ryoll Esquire, brother to Thomas K{i)ryoll, 
 1400. Nicholas Bond, Thomas Barry Marchant, 1445. Robert 
 Shelley Esquier, 1420. Robert Pepper Grocer, 1445, lohn 
 Nortuich Grocer, 1390. Alice Brome, wife to Ioh7i Couentry 
 sometime Maior of London, 1433. William Isaack Draper, 
 Alderman, 1508. Edward Skales Marchant, 1521. Ioh7i Ricroft 
 Esquire, Sargeant of the Larder to Heiirie the seuenth, and 
 Henrie the eight, 1532. Edwaters Esquire, Sargeant at Armes, 
 1558. Sir Bartliolomezv lames Draper, Maior, 1479, buried 
 vnder a fayre Monument, with his Ladie. Ralfe Greemvay 
 Grocer, Alderman, put vnder the stone of Robert Pepper 1559. 
 Thomas Bledlozv, one of the Shiriffes, 1472. lames Bacon 
 Fishmonger, Shiriffe, 1573. Sir Richard Champion Draper, 
 
Toiver streete warde 135 
 
 Maior, 1568. Henry Herdson Skinner, Alderman, 1555. Sir 
 lames Garnado knight. William Hariot Draper, Maior, T481. 
 buried in a fayre Chappell by him builded, 15 17. lohn Tate 
 Sonne to sir lohn Tate, in the same Chappell, in the North 
 wall. Sir Christopher Draper Ironmonger, Maior, 1566. buried 
 1580. and many other worshipfull personages besides, whose 
 monuments are altogither defaced. Now for the two Church 
 lanes, they meeting on the Southside of this Church and 
 Churchyarde, doe ioyne in one : and running downe to the 
 Thames streete : the | same is called Saint Dunstans hill, at the Pa^e ijj 
 lower ende whereof the sayd Thames streete towards the west 
 on both sides almost to Belins gate, but towardes the East vp 
 to the water gate, by the Bulwarke of the tower, is all of 
 tower streete warde. In this streete on the Thames side are 
 diuers large landing places called wharffes, or keyes, for 
 Cranage vp of wares and Marchandise, as also for shipping of 
 wares from thence to be transported. These wharffes and 
 keyes commonly beare the names of their owners, and are 
 therefore changeable. I reade in the %6. of Henrie the sixt 
 that in the Parish of Saint Dunstone in the East a tenement 
 called Passekes wharffe, & another called Homers key in Passekes 
 Thames streete, were granted to William Harindon Esquire. ?i''tl'^^' ^"'' 
 
 ' o T. rlomers key. 
 
 I reade also that in the sixt of Richard the second, lohn 
 Churchman Grocer, for the quiet of Marchants, did newly 
 build a certaine house vpon the key, called woole wharfe, in 
 the Tower streete warde^ in the Parish of Alhallowes Barking, 
 betwixt the tenement of Patde Salisberrie, on the East part, 
 and the lane called the water gate on the west, to serue for 
 Tronage, or weighing of woolles in the Port of London : Wool wharfe 
 Whereupon the king graunted that during the life of the said ^^ Customers 
 lohn, the aforesayd Tronage should be held and kept in the Water gate 
 said house, with easements there for the balances and weightes, custome ^^ 
 and a counting place for the Customer, Controwlers, Clarkes ^o"se. 
 and other Officers of the said Tronage, togither with ingresse wols. "^ 
 and egresse to and from the same, euen as was had in other 
 places, where the sayd Tronage was woont to be kept, and 
 that the king should pay yearely to the said lohit during his Custom 
 life fortie shillings at the termes of S. Michael & Easter, by °"^^" 
 euen portions, by the handes of his Customer, without any 
 
136 
 
 Tower streete wavde 
 
 Porters key, 
 or Porters lane. 
 Galley key. 
 
 Petty wales. 
 
 Page ijS 
 
 Princes of 
 Wales their 
 lodging. 
 
 The Mar- 
 chants of 
 Italie their 
 lodging by 
 their Gallies. 
 
 Other payment to the said lo/m, as in the Indenture thereof 
 more at large appeareth. 
 
 Neare vnto this Customers key towardes the East, is the 
 sayd Watergate, and west from it Porters key, then Galley key, 
 where the Gallies were vsed to vnlade, and land their mar- 
 chandizes, and wares : and that part of Thames streete was 
 therefore of some called Galley Row, but more commonly 
 petty Wales. 
 
 On the North side, as well as on the South of this Thames 
 streete, is many fayre houses large for stowage, builded for 
 Marjchants, but towardes the East end thereof, namely ouer 
 agaynst Galley key, WooU key, and the Custome house, there 
 haue beene of olde time some large buildings of stone, the 
 ruines whereof doe yet remaine, but the first builders and 
 owners of them are worne out of memorie, wherfore the 
 common people affirm lulius Caesar to be the builder thereof, 
 as also of the Tower it selfe. But thereof I haue spoken 
 alreadie. Some are of another opinion and that a more likely, 
 that this great stone building was sometime the lodging 
 appointed for the Princes of Wales, when they repayred to 
 this Citie, and that therefore the street in that part is called 
 petty Wales, which name remaineth there most commonly 
 vntill this day : euen as where the kinges of Scotland were 
 vsed to be lodged betwixt Charing crosse, and white hall, it is 
 likewise called Scotland : and where the Earles of Briton 
 were lodged without Aldersgate, the streete is called Britaine 
 streete, &c. 
 
 The said building might of olde time pertaine to the 
 Princes of Wales, as is aforesayd, but is since turned to 
 other vse. 
 
 It is before noted of Galley key, that the Gallyes of Italie, 
 & other partes did there discharge their wines and marchan- 
 dizes brought to this Citie. It is like therefore that the 
 Marchants and Owners procured the place to builde vpon for 
 their lodgings and storehouses, as the Marchants of the 
 Haunce of Almaine were licenced to haue an house called 
 Gilda Teutojiicorum, the Guild hall of the Germanes. Also 
 the Marchants of Burdeaux were licenced to build at the 
 Vintry, strongly with stone, as may be yet scene and seemeth 
 
Tower streete warde 137 
 
 olde, though often repayred: much more cause hath these 
 
 buildings in pettie Wales, though as lately builded, and partly 
 
 of the like stone brought from Cane in Normandie, to seeme NoGalUes 
 
 olde, which for many yeares, to wit, since the Gallies left their J^emOTie'of '" 
 
 course of landing there, hath fallen to ruine, and beene letten men liuing. 
 
 out for stabling of horses, to Tipplers of Beere, and such like : 
 
 amongst others, one mother Mampiidding (as they termed her) 
 
 for many yeares kept this house, or a great part thereof, for 
 
 victualing, and it seemeth that the builders of the hall of this A strange 
 
 house were shipwrights, and not house Carpenters : for the i„g j, gj^jp. 
 
 frame thereof (being but low) is raysed of certaine principall origins and 
 r • • , ^ , , • I 1-1 Galley men. 
 
 postes of mame timber, fixed deepe m the ground, without 
 
 any groundsell, booided close | round about on the inside, P^'S^ ^39 
 hauing none other wal from the ground to the roofe : those 
 Boordes not exceeding the length of a Clapboord, about an 
 inch thicke, euery Boorde ledging ouer other, as in a Ship or 
 Gallic, nayled with Ship nayles called rugh, and clenche, 
 to wit, rugh nayles with broad round heades, and clenched on 
 the other side with square plates of iron : the roofe of this 
 hall is also wrought of the like boord, and nayled with rugh 
 and clench, and seemeth as it were a Gallic, the Keele turned 
 vpwards, and I obserued that no worme or rottennesse is scene 
 to haue entred either boord or tymber of that hall, and there- 
 fore, in mine opinion, of no great antiquitie. 
 
 I reade in 44. of Edward the third, that an Hospitall in the 
 Parish of Barking Church was founded by Robert Denton 
 Chaplen, for the sustentation of poore Priests, and other both An hospitall 
 men and women, that were sicke of the Phrenzie, there to y°'^pj,"°^gi'g^ 
 remaine till they were perfectly whole, and restored to good people. 
 memorie. Also I reade that in the 6. of Henrie the fift, there 
 was in the Tower ward, a Messuage or great house, called 
 Cobhams Inne, and in the 37. of Henrie the sixt, a Messuage Cobhams 
 in Thames streete, perteyning to Richard Longuile, &c. Some 
 of the ruines before spoken of, may seeme to be of the 
 foresayd Hospitall, belonging peraduenture to some Prior 
 Alien, and so suppressed amongst the rest, in the raigne of 
 Edzvard the third, or Henrie the fift, who suppressed them 
 all. Thus much for the boundes and antiquities of this warde, 
 wherein is noted the Tower of London, three Parish Churches, 
 
138 
 
 Tower stveete warde 
 
 the Custome house, and two Hals of Companies, to wit, the 
 Clothworkers, and the Bakers. This ward hath an Alderman, 
 his Deputie, common Counsellors eight, Constables thirteene, 
 Scauengers twelue, Wardmote men thirteene, and a Beedle ; 
 it is taxed to the fifteene at sixe and twentie pounds. | 
 
 Page 140 
 Aldgate ward, 
 
 Harthorne 
 
 Alley. 
 
 Bricklayers 
 
 hall. 
 
 Sprinckle 
 
 allie. 
 
 Belzetters 
 lane. 
 
 Wall, Gate, 
 and windows 
 of stone, 
 found vnder 
 ground. 
 
 Aldgate warde. 
 
 The second ward within the wall on the east part is called 
 Aldgate ward, as taking name of the same Gate : the principall 
 street of this warde beginneth at Aldgate, stretching west to 
 sometime a fay re Well, where now a pumpe is placed : from 
 thence the way being diuided into twain, the first & principall 
 street, caled Aldgate street, runneth on the south side to Lime- 
 street corner, and halfe that streete, downe on the left hand, 
 is also of that warde. In the mid way on that South side, 
 betwixt Aldgate and Limestreet, is Hart home Alley, a way 
 that goeth through into Fenchurch streete ouer against North- 
 umberland house. Then haue ye the Bricklayers hall and an 
 other Alley called Sprinckle Alley, now named Sugar-loafe 
 Alley, of the like signe. Then is there a faire house, with 
 diuerse tenements neare adioyning, sometime belonging to 
 a late dissolued Priorie since possessed by Mistresse Corne- 
 ivallies, widow, and her heyres, by the gift of King Henry the 
 eight, in reward of fine puddings (as it was commonly sayd) 
 by hir made, wherewith she had presented him. Such was 
 the princely liberalyty of those times. Of later time, Sir 
 Nicholas Throgmorion knight, was lodged there. Then some- 
 what more West is Belzettars lane, so called of the first builder 
 and owner thereof, now corruptly called Billitar lane, betwixt 
 this Belzettars lane and Limestreete, was of later time a frame 
 of three fayre houses, set vp in the yeare 1590. in place where 
 before was a large Garden plot inclosed from the high streete 
 with a Bricke wall, which wall being taken downe, and the 
 ground digged deepe for Cellerage, there was found right 
 vnder the sayd Bricke wall an other wall of stone, with a gate 
 arched of stone, and Gates of Timber, to be closed in the 
 midst towards the streete, the tymber of the Gates was con- 
 sumed, but the Hinges of yron still remayned on their staples 
 
Aldgate warde 139 
 
 on both the sides. Moreouer in that wall were square 
 windowes with bars of yron on either side the gate, this wall 
 was vnder ground about two fathomes deepe, as I then | 
 esteemed it, and seemeth to bee the ruines of some house Page 141 
 burned in the raigne of king Stephen, when the fire began in 
 the house of one Alewarde neare London stone, and consumed 
 East to Aldgate, whereby it appeareth how greatly the ground 
 of this Citie hath beene in that place raysed. 
 
 On the North side, this principall street stretcheth to the 
 west corner of Saint Andrewes Church, and then the ward 
 turneth towards the North by S. Marie streete, on the East s. Mary street. 
 side to Saint Atigustines Church in the wall, and so by Buries 
 markes again, or about by the wall to Aldgate. 
 
 The second way from Aldgate more towards the South 
 from the pumpe aforesaid is called Fenchurch streete, and is 
 of Aldgate warde till ye come to Culuer Alley, on the west Cnluer Alley. 
 side of Ironmongers hall, where sometime was a lane which 
 went out of Fenchurch streete to the middest of Limestreete, 
 but this lane was stopped vp, for suspition of theeues that 
 lurked there by night. Againe to Aldgate out of the prin- 
 cipall streete, euen by the gate and wall of the Citie, runneth 
 a lane South to Crowched Friers, and then Woodroffe lane 
 to the Tower hill, and out of this lane west, a streete called 
 Hartstreete, which of that warde stretcheth to Sydon lane by Hart streete. 
 Saint Olaiies Church. One other lane more west from Aid- 
 gate goeth by Northumberland house toward the Crossed 
 Friers : then haue ye on the same side the North end of Mart- 
 lane, and Blanch Apleton,^ where that ward endeth. 
 
 Thus much for the bounds : now for monuments, or places 
 most ancient and notable : I am first to begin with the late 
 dissolued Priorie of the holie Trinitie, called Christs Church, 
 on the right hand v.'ithin Aldgate. This Priorie was founded Priorie of the 
 by Matild Queene, wife to Henrie the first, in the same place clnons °^ 
 where Sirediis sometime began to erect a Church in honour regular. 
 of the Crosse, and of Saint Marie Magdalen, of which the 
 Deane and Chapter of Waltham were woont to receiue thirtie 
 shillinges. The Queene was to acquite her Church thereof, 
 
 ' Apleton] Chappleton, 1598 ; Arleton, i6oj 
 
140 Aldgate warde 
 
 and in exchange gaue vnto them a Mill. King Henrie her 
 husband confirmed her gift. This Church was giuen to 
 Norman, the first Canon regular in all England. The said 
 Queene also gaue vnto the same Church, and those that 
 
 Page 142 serued God therein, the plot of Aldgate, and the Soke | there- 
 unto belonging, with all customes so free as she had helde the 
 same, and 35./. Blankes, which shee had of the Cittie of 
 Excester : as appeareth by her deed, wherein she nameth the 
 house Christes CJmrch, and reporteth Aldgate to be of her 
 Demaines, which she granteth, with two parts of the rent of 
 the City of Excester. Norman tooke vpon him to be Prior 
 of Christs Church, in the year of Christ 1108. in the parishes 
 of Saint Marie Magdalen, S. Michael, S. Katherine, and the 
 blessed Trinitie, which now was made but one Parish of the 
 holy Trinitie, and was in old time of the holy Crosse, or holy 
 Roode Parish. The Priorie was builded on a piece of ground 
 in the Parish of Saint Katherine, towardes Aldgate, which 
 lieth in length betwixt the kinges streete, by the which men 
 go towards Aldgate, neare to the Chappell of Saint Michael 
 towards the North, and containeth in length 83. Elles, halfe, 
 quarter, and halfe quartern of the kings Iron Eln, and lieth 
 in bredth, &c. The Soke and ward of Aldgate was then 
 bounded as I haue before shewed, the Queene was a meane 
 also that the land and English Knighten Guild was giuen 
 vnto the Prior Norman. The honorable man Geffrey de 
 Clinton'^ was a great helper therein, and obtained that the 
 Chanons might inclose the way betwixt their Church and 
 the wall of the citie, &c. This Priorie in processe of time 
 became a very fayre and large church, rich in lands and 
 ornaments, and passed all the Priories in the citie of London, 
 
 Prior of Christ Or shire of Middlesex, the Prior whereof was an Alderman of 
 
 Church .-in London, to wit, of Portsoken ward. 
 
 Alderman of ' ' 
 
 London. I reade that Enstacius the 8. Prior, about the yeare 1364. 
 
 because hee would not deale with temporall matters, instituted 
 Theobald Fitz luonis Alderman of Portsoken warde vnder 
 him, and that William Rising Prior of Christs Chirch was 
 sworn Alderman of the said Portsoken warde, in the first of 
 
 ' Clinton] Clinton isgS, i6oj 
 
Aldgate wavde 141 
 
 Richard the second. These Priors haue sitten and ridden 
 amongst the Aldermen of London, in liuery like vnto them, 
 sauing that his habite was in shape of a spirituall person, as 
 I my selfe haue seene in my childhoode : at which time the 
 Prior kept a most bountifull house of meate and drinke, both 
 for rich and poore, aswell within the house^ as at the gates, 
 to al commers according to their estates. These were the 
 monuments in this Church, sir Robert Ttcrke, \ and Dame Page 14} 
 Alice his wife, lohn Tirel Esquire, Simon Kenipe Esquire, 
 lames Manthorpe Esquire, /i?/^;^ Ascue Esquire, Thomas Faiiset 
 of Scalset Esquire, lohn Kenipe gentleman, Robert Chirivide 
 Esquire, Sir lohn Heningham, and Dame Isabell his wife. 
 Dame Agnes, wife first to Sir William Bardolph, and then 
 to Sir Thomas Mortimer, lohn Ashfield Esquire, Sir lohn 
 Dedham knight. Sir Ambrose Char cam, loan wife to Thomas 
 Nuck Gentleman, lohn Hiisse Esquire, John Beringham 
 Esquire, Thomas Goodwine Esquire, Ralph Walks Esquire, 
 Dame Margaret daughter to Sir Ralph Cheiiie, wife to Sir 
 lohn Barkeley, to Sir Thomas Barnes, and to Sir W. Bursire, 
 William Roose, Simon Francis, lohn Breton esquire, Helling 
 Esquire, lohn Malwen and his wife, Anthonie Wels son to 
 John Wels, Nicholas de Atcesey anA Margerie his wife, Anthonie 
 son to lohn Milks, Baldwine son to king Stephen, & Mathilde 
 daughter to king Stephen, wife to the Earle of Meulan'^, Henrie 
 Fitzalwine Maior of London, 1213. Geffrey Mandeuik, 1215. 
 and many other. But to conclude of this priorie, king Henrie 
 the eight minding to reward Sir Thomas Audley, speaker of 
 the Parliament against Cardinall Wolsey, as ye may reade in Priorie of the 
 Hall, sent for the Prior, commending him for his hospitalitie, surrendered^ 
 promised him preferment, as a man worthy of a far greater & suppressed. 
 dignitie, which promise surely he performed, and compounded 
 with him, though in what sort I neuer heard, so that the 
 Priorie with the appurtenances was (surrendered) to the king, 
 in the moneth of luly, in the yeare 1531. the 23. of the said 
 kings raigne. The Chanons were sent to other houses of 
 the same order, and the priorie with the appurtenances king 
 Henrie gaue to sir Thomas Audley newly knighted, and after 
 made Lord Chauncellor. 
 
 ' Meulan] Millen, 1603 
 
142 Aldgate warde 
 
 Sir Thomas Audley offered the great Church of this priorie, 
 with a ring of nine Bels well tuned, whereof foure the greatest 
 were since solde to the parish of Stehunhith, and the fiue 
 lesser to the parish of Saint Stephen in Colemans streete, to 
 the parishioners of Saint Kathcrine Christ Church, in ex- 
 chaunge for their small parish church, minding to haue pulled 
 it downe, and to haue builded there towards the street : But 
 the parishioners hauing doubts in their heades of afterclappes, 
 Page 144 refused the offer. Then was the ] priorie church and steeple 
 proffered to whomsoeuer would take it down, and carrie it 
 from the ground, but no man would vndertake the offer, 
 whereupon Sir Thomas Audley was faine to bee at more 
 charges, then could be made of the stones, timber, leade, 
 yron, &c. For the workemen with great labour beginning at 
 the toppe, loosed stone from stone, and threw them downe, 
 whereby the most part of them were broken, and few re- 
 mained whole, and those were solde verie cheape, for all the 
 buildings then made about the Citie were of Bricke and 
 Timber. At that time any man in the Cittie, might haue 
 a Cart loade of hard stone for pauing brought to his doore 
 for 6.d. or 7.d. with the carriage. The said Thomas Lord 
 Audley builded and dwelt on this Priorie during his life, and 
 died there in the yeare 1544. since the which time the said 
 The Dukes priorie came by marriage of the Lord Audleyes daughter and 
 place. heyre, unto Thomas late Duke of Norfolke, and was then 
 
 called the Dukes place. 
 Jarish church The parish Church of S. Katherine standeth in the Cemi- 
 ch^-' f^^*^"^'" tory of the late dissolued priorie of the holy Trinitie, and is 
 church. therefore called S. Katherine Christ Church. This Church 
 
 seemeth to be verie olde, since the building whereof the high 
 streete hath beene so often raised by pauements, that now 
 men are faine to descend into the said church by diuerse 
 steps seuen in number. But the steeple, or Bell tower thereof 
 hath beene lately builded, to wit, about the yere 1504. For 
 sir lohn Perciuall Marchant taylor then deceasing, gaue 
 money towards the building thereof. There bee the Monu- 
 ments of Thomas Fleming knight of Rowles, in Essex, and 
 Margaret his wife, 1464. Roger Marshall Esquire, lane 
 Home, wife to Roger Marshall, William Multon, alias Bur- 
 
Aldgate warde 143 
 
 deatix Hei'alde, lohn Goad Esquire, and loan his wife, Beatrix 
 
 daughter to William Brozvne, Thomas Mtdton Esquire, sonne 
 
 to Btcrdeaux Herald, lohn Chitcroft Esquire, lohn Wake- 
 
 fielde Esquire, William Criswicke, Anne, and Sewch, daughters 
 
 to Ralph Shirley Esquire, sir lohn Rainsford knight of 
 
 Essex, Sir Nicholas Throkmorton chiefe Butler of England, 
 
 one of the Chamberlaines of the Exchequer, Ambassadour, 
 
 &c. 1570. and other. At the North west corner of this warde 
 
 in the said high streete, standeth the faire and beautiful! 
 
 parish Church | of S. Andrew the Apostle, with an addition, /'aj-i- r^j- 
 
 to be knowne from other Churches of that name, of the 
 
 Knape or Vndershaft, and so called S. Andrew Vndershaft, Pari:* churcli 
 
 because that of old time, euerie yeare on May day in the vnderthaft!'^ 
 
 morning it was vsed, that an high or long shaft, or May-pole, 
 
 was set vp there, in the midst of the streete, before the south 
 
 doore of the sayd Church, which shaft when it was set on A shaft or 
 
 ende, and fixed in the ground, was higher then the Church highe^°then 
 
 steeple. Geffrey Chawcer, writing of a vaine boaster, hath the church- 
 
 steeple. 
 these wordes meaning of the said shaft. 
 
 Right well aloft, and high ye hear e your heade. 
 The weather cocke, with flying, as ye would kill. 
 When ye be stuffed, bet of wine then hrede, 
 Thejt looke ye, when your wombe doth fill, 
 As ye wonld he are the great shaft of Come hill, 
 Lord so merrily crowdeth then your ci^ohe. 
 That all the streete may heare your body cloke. 
 
 This shaft was not raysed at any time since euill May day 
 (so called of an insurrection made by Prentises, and other 
 young persons against Aliens in the yeare 1517.) but the said 
 shaft was laid along ouer the doores, and vnder the Pentises 
 of one rowe of houses, and Alley gate, called of the shaft, 
 shaft Alley, (being of the possessions of Rochester bridge) in 
 the warde of Limestreete. It was there I say hanged on Iron 
 hookes many yeares, till the third of king Edward the sixt, 
 that one Sir Stephen, curat of S. Katherine Christs Church, 
 preaching at Paules Crosse, said there, that this shaft was shaft m May 
 made an Idoll, by naming the Church of Saint Andrew, with again'srat ^ 
 the addition of vnder that shaft : hee perswaded therefore that Paules crosse. 
 
 Chaucer, 
 chance of dice. 
 
144 
 
 Aldgate warde 
 
 The said Elm 
 tree his 
 preaching 
 place is 
 lately taken 
 downe. 
 
 Page 146 
 
 Shaft or May 
 pole sawed in 
 peeces and 
 burnt. 
 
 Bayliefe of 
 Romford exe- 
 cuted within 
 Aldgate for 
 words spoken 
 to the priest 
 of the parish. 
 
 the names of Churches might bee altered : also that the names 
 of dayes in the weeke might be changed, the fish dayes to be 
 kept any dayes, except Friday and Saturday, and the Lent 
 any time, saue only betwixt Shrouetide and Easter : I haue 
 oft times seene this man, forsaking the Pulpet of his said 
 Parish Church, preach out of an high Elme tree in the middest 
 of the Church yarde, and then entering the Church, forsaking 
 the Alter, to haue sung his high Masse in English vpon 
 a Tombe of | the deade towardes the North. I heard his 
 Sermon at Pmiles Crosse, and I saw the effect that followed : 
 for in the after noone of that present Sunday, the neighbours, 
 and Tenants to the sayde Bridge, ouer whose doores the saide 
 Shaft had laine, after they had dined to make themselues 
 strong, gathered more helpe, and with great labour raysing 
 the Shaft from the hooks, whereon it had rested two and thirtie 
 yeares, they sawed it in peeces, euerie man taking for his share 
 so much as had laine ouer his doore and stall, the length of 
 his house, and they of the Alley diuided amongest them so 
 much as had layne ouer their Alley gate. Thus was this Idoll 
 (as he tearmed it) mangled, and after burned. 
 
 Soone after was there a Commotion of the Commons in 
 Norfolke, Suffolke, Essex, and other shires, by meanes whereof 
 streight orders being taken for the suppression of rumors, 
 diuerse persons were apprehended and executed by Marshall 
 Law, amongst the which the Baylife of Romfort in Essex 
 was one, a man verie well beloued : he was early in the Morn- 
 ing of Marie Magdalens day, then kept holy day, brought by 
 the shiriffes of London, and the knight Marshall, to the Well 
 within Aldgate, there to be executed vpon a Jebit set vp that 
 Morning, where being on the Ladder, he had words to this 
 effect : Good people I am come hither to die, but know not for 
 what offence except for words by me spoken yester night to 
 Sir Stephen, Curate and Preacher of this parish, which were 
 these : He asked me what newes in the Countrey, I answered 
 heauie newes : why quoth he ? it is sayde, quoth I, that many 
 men be vp in Essex, but thanks be to God al is in good quiet 
 about vs : and this was all as God be my ludge, &c. Vppon 
 these wordes of the prisoner, sir Stephen to auoyde reproach 
 of the people, left the Cittie, and was neuer heard of sine 
 
Aldgate warde 145 
 
 amongst them to my knowledge. I heard the wordes of the 
 
 prisoner, for he was executed vpon the pauement of my doore, 
 
 where I then kept house : Thus much by digression : now 
 
 again to the parish church of S. Andrew Vndershaft, for it Parish church 
 
 still retaineth y^ name, which hath beene new builded by the vnde^hfft "" 
 
 parishioners there, since the yeare 1520. euery man putting to new builded. 
 
 his helping hande, some with their purses, other with their 
 
 bodies : Stciieii Gennings mar|chant Taylor, sometime Mayor Page 141 
 
 of London, caused at his charges to bee builded the whole 
 
 North side of the greate Middle He, both of the body and 
 
 quier, as appeareth by his armes ouer euery pillar grauen, and 
 
 also the North He, which hee roofed with timber and seeled, also 
 
 the whole South side of the Church was glased, and the Pewes 
 
 in the south Chappell made of his costes, as appeareth in euery 
 
 Windowj and vpon the said pewes. He deceased in the yeare 
 
 1524. and was buried in the Gray Fryers Church. loJin 
 
 Kerkbie Marchant Taylor sometime one of the Shirififes, lohn 
 
 Garlande Marchant Taylor and Nicholas Letdson mercer, 
 
 Executor to Garland, were greate benefactors to this worke : 
 
 which was finished to the glasing in the yeare 1529. and fully 
 
 finished 1532. Buried in this Church, Phillip Malpas one of 
 
 the Shiriffes 1439. Sir Robert Dennie Knight, and after him 
 
 Thomas De7i7iie his sonne in the yeare 1421. Thomas Stokes 
 
 Gentleman, Grocer, 1496. In the new Church lohn MicheW^ 
 
 Marchant Taylor, 1537. William Draper Esquier, 1537. 
 
 Isabell and Margaret his wiues, Nicholas Leuison Mercer one 
 
 of the Shiriffes, 1534. lohn Gerrarde Woolman, Merchant of 
 
 the Staple 1546. Henry Man Doctor of Diuinity, Bishoppe 
 
 of Man, 1556. Stephen Kyrton marchant Taylor, Alderman 
 
 1553. Dauid Woodroffe Haberdasher, one of the Shiriffes, 
 
 1554. Stephen Woodroffe his sonne gave ico. li. in money, for Stephen wood- 
 the which the poore of that parish receiue a.s. in bread weekely benefactor^o 
 
 for euer. Sir Thomas Offley marchant taylor. Mayor 1556. he 'he poore in 
 , ,r r 11 1 • I 1 • 1 1 that parnsh. 
 
 bequeathed the one halfe of all his goodes to charitable 
 
 actions, but the parrish receyued little benefite thereby. 
 
 Thomas Starkey Skinner one of the Shiriffes 1578. Hiigh 
 
 Offley Lethersellar one of the Shiriffes, 1588. William 
 
 Hanbury, Baker. 
 
 ' Michell /jp5; Nichell 7(5oj 
 
 STOW. I J, 
 
146 
 
 Aldgate warde 
 
 S. Mary street. 
 
 Pickering 
 house. 
 
 Fletchers 
 Hall. 
 
 Page 148 
 
 Papey a 
 brotherhood 
 or Hospitall 
 for poore 
 priestes. 
 
 The Abbot of 
 Bery his Inne. 
 
 Beuis markes. 
 
 Fenne church 
 streete. 
 Ironmongers 
 ball. 
 
 Now downe S. Mary streete by the west end of the church 
 towardes the North, stand diuers fayre houses for Marchantes, 
 and other: namely one faire greate house, builded by Sir 
 William Pickering the father, possessed by Sir William his 
 Sonne and since by Sir Edward Wootton of Kent. North 
 from this place is the Fletchers Hall, and so downe to the 
 corner of that streete, ouer against London wall, and again 
 eastwardes to a faire house | lately new builded, partly by 
 M. Robert Beale one of the Clearks of the Counsell. 
 
 Then come you to the Papey, a proper house, wherein 
 sometime was kept a fraternity or brotherhood of S. Charity, 
 and S. loJin Euangelist, called the Papey, for poore impotent 
 Priestes, (for in some language Priestes are called Papes) 
 founded in the yeare 1430. by William Olitcer, William 
 Barnabie and lohn Stafford Chaplens, or Chauntrie Priestes, 
 conducts, and other brethren and sisters, that should bee 
 admitted into the Church of S. Augustine Papey in the Wall, 
 the Brethren of this house becomming lame, or otherwise into 
 greate pouerty, were here relieued, as to haue chambers, with 
 certaine allowance of bread, drinke, and cole, and one olde 
 man and his wife to see them serued, and to keepe the house 
 cleane. This brotherhoode amongst others was suppressed 
 in the raigne of Edward the sixt, since the which time in this 
 house hath beene lodged M. Moris of Essex, Sir Francis 
 Walsingham principall secretarie to her Maiestie, Maister 
 Barret of Essex, &c. 
 
 Then next is one great house large of roomes, fayre courts 
 and garden plottes, sometimes pertayning to the Bassets, since 
 that to the Abbots of Bury in Suffolke, and therefore called 
 Buries Markes, corruptly Beuis markes, and since the dissolution 
 of the Abbey of Bury to Thomas Henage the father, and to Sir 
 Thomas his son. Then next vnto it is the before spoken Priorie 
 of the holy Trinity, to wit, the west and north part thereof, 
 which stretcheth vp to Ealdgate, where we first begun. 
 
 Now in the second way from Ealdgate more towarde the 
 south from the Well or Pumpe aforesaide, lyeth Fenne Church 
 streete, on the right hand whereof somewhat west from the 
 south end of Belzetters lane, is the Ironmongers Hall : which 
 Company was incorporated in the thirde of Edward the 
 
Aldgate warde 147 
 
 fourth : Richard Fleming was their first Maister, Nicholas 
 Marshall & Richard Coxc were Gustos or Wardens. And on 
 the lefte hand or South side, euen by the gate and Wall of Woodroffe 
 the Citty runneth downe a lane to the Tower Hill, the south wall of the 
 parte whereof is called Woodroffe lane, and out of this lane 1 ^^^^"^ '^''l- 
 toward the West, a | streete called Hart streete. In this Page 149 
 streete at the South east corner thereof sometime stoode one 
 house of Crouched or (crossed) Fryers, founded by Raph Crossed Friers 
 Hosiar, and William Saber Jies, about the yeare 1298. Stephen 
 the 10. Prior of the Holy Trinity in London, granted three 
 tenementes for xiii.s. viii.d. by the yeare, vnto the saide Raph 
 Hosiar, and William Sabernes, who afterwardes became Fryers 
 of S. Crosse, Adam was the first Prior of that house. These 
 Fryers founded their house in place of certaine Tenementes 
 purchased of Richarde Wimbush the la. Prior of the Holy 
 Trinity, in the yeare 1319. which was confirmed by Edward 
 the thirde, the seauenteenth of his raigne, valued at 53. li. 
 13.S. 4d. surrendred the twelfth of Nouember, the 30. of 
 Henry the eight. In this house was buried Maister lohn 
 Tirres, Nicholas the sonne of William Kyriell Esquier, Sir 
 Thomas Mollington ^ Baron of Wemme, and Dame Elizabeth 
 his wife, daughter and heyre of William Botelar Baron of 
 Wemme, Robert Mollington ' Esquier, and Elizabeth his wife, 
 daughter toivrr^rJ of Ouersley,//i?«rj'Zi3«^//,sonneto William 
 Lord Louell, Dame Isabel wife to William Edwarde Mayor of 
 London, 147 1. William Narborough, & Dame Elizabeth his 
 wife, William Narbrotigh, and Dame Beatrix his wife, 
 William Brosked Esquier, William Bowes, Lionel Mollington 
 Esquier, son of Robert Mollington, Nicholas Coiiderow, and 
 Elizabeth his wife. Sir lohn Stratford Knight, Sir Thomas 
 Asseldey, Knight, Clearke of the Crowne, Submarshal of 
 England, and lustice of the shire of Middlesex, lohn Rest 
 Grocer, Mayor of London, 151 6. Sir lohn Skenington Knight, 
 merchant taylor, Sheriffe 1520. Sir lohn Milborne Draper, 
 Mayor in the yeare 1521. was buried there, but remoued since 
 to Saint Edmondes in Lombard streete, Sir Rice Grifitk 
 beheaded on the Tower hill, 1531- 
 
 ' Mellington md Mollington are i>rint(4. indiscrifninately in i^gS, 
 160^, 1633 
 
148 Aldgate luarde 
 
 In place of this church is now a carpenters yeard, a Tennis 
 court and such like : the Fryers hall was made a glasse house, 
 or house wherein was made glasse of diuers sortes to drinke 
 in, which house in the yeare 1575. on the 4. of September 
 The Glasse brast out into a terrible fire, where being practised all meanes 
 possible to quench, notwithstanding as y" same house in a 
 Page ISO smal time before, had consumed a great | quantite of wood 
 by making of glasses, now it selfe hauing within it about 
 40000. Billets of woode was all consumed to the stone wals, 
 which neuerthelesse greatly hindered the fire from spreading 
 any further. 
 
 Adioyning vnto this Fryers Church, by the East ende 
 
 thereof in Wodrofe lane towardes the Tower hill, are certaine 
 
 Almes houses proper almes houses, 14. in number, builded of Bricke and 
 
 Fn-er^^^*^ timber, founded by Sir lohn Milborne Draper, sometime 
 
 Testament of Mayor, if^ai. wherein be placed xiii. poore men and their 
 
 S.I. Milborn. . -ri, , . \.. , ^T, ■ J 11- 
 
 vvuies, if they haue wiues : these haue their dwellinges rent 
 
 free, and ii.s. iiii.d. the peace : the first day of euery moneth 
 
 These poyntes for euer. One also is to haue his house ouer the gate, and 
 
 not performed : , , , , , . 
 
 the Drapers ini.s. euei'y moneth : more he appoynted euery Sunday for 
 haue vnlaw- gygj- j^. peny loaues of white bread to bee giuen in the parrish 
 these tene- Church of Saint Edmonde in Lombarde-streete to 13. poor 
 '^arden plots People of that parish, and the like 13. loaues to be giuen in 
 and the poore the pari'ish Cliurch of S. Michaell vpon Cornhill, and in 
 e wronge . gyj-j^gj. parrish euery yeare one loade of Chare coale, of thirty 
 sackes in the loade, and this gifte to be continued for euer ; 
 for performance whereof, by the Maister and Wardens of the 
 Drapers in London, he assured vnto them and their suc- 
 cessors 33. messuages and tenementes, and 18. garden plottes 
 in the parish of Saint Olaue in Hart street, with prouiso 
 that if they performe not those poyntes aboue mentioned the 
 saide Tenementes and Gardens to remayne to the Mayor and 
 Commonaltie of the Cittie of London. 
 LordLumleies Next to these Almes houses is the Lord Lumleyes house, 
 °"^^' builded in the time of king Henry the eight, by Sir Thovtas 
 
 Wiat the father, vpon one plotte of ground of late pertayning 
 to the foresaid Crossed Fryers, where part of their house 
 stoode : And this is the farthest parte of Ealdgate Warde 
 towardes the south, and ioyneth to the Tower hill. The 
 
Aldgate wavde 149 
 
 other side of that lane, ouer against the Lord Lumleyes house, 
 on the wall side of the Citty is now for the most parte 
 (or altogether) builded euen to Ealdgate. 
 
 Then haue yee on the south side of Fenchurch strcete, ouer 
 against the Well or Pumpe amongst other fayre and large 
 builded houses, one that sometime belonged to the Prior of 
 Monte Tones \ or Monasterie Cornute, a Cell to Monte loues page jji 
 beyonde the seas, in Essex : it was the Priors Inne, when he Prior of home 
 repayre.d to this Cittie. Then a lane that leadeth downe by ^^^^^ '° 
 Northumberland house, towards the crossed Friers^ as is afore 
 shewed. 
 
 This Northumberland house in the parish of saint Kathe'rine Northumber- 
 Colman belonged to Henrie Percie Earle of Northumberland, 
 in the three & thirtie of Henrie the sixt, but of late being left 
 by the Earles, the Gardens thereof were made into bowling 
 Alleys, and other parts into Dicing houses, common to all 
 commers for their money, there to bowle and hazard, but 
 now of late so many bowling Allies, and other houses for 
 vnlawful gaming, hath beene raised in other parts of the Citie 
 and suburbs, that this their ancient and onely patron of 
 misrule, is left and forsaken of her Gamesters, and therefore 
 turned into a number of great rents, small cottages, for 
 strangers and others. • 
 
 At the east ^ end of this lane, in the way from Aldgate The poore 
 toward the Crossed Friers, of old time were certaine tene- ^"'^'^• 
 ments called the poore lurie, of lewes dwelling there. 
 
 Next vnto this Northumberland house, is the parish Church Parish church 
 of saint Katherine called Coleman, which addition of Coleman coieman^^""^ 
 was taken of a great Haw yard, or Garden, of olde time called 
 Coleman haw, in the parish of the Trinitie, now called Christs 
 Church, and in the parish of saint Katherine, and all Saints 
 called Coleman Church. 
 
 Then haue ye Blanch apleton, whereof I reade in the Mannor of 
 thirteenth of Edward the first, that a lane behinde the same jjpp'igton_ 
 Blanch-apleton, was graunted by the king to be inclosed and 
 shut vp. This Blanch apleton was a mannor belonging to Sir 
 Thomas Roos of Hamelake knight, the seuenth of Richard the 
 second, standing at the Northeast corner of Mart lane, so Mart lane. 
 • east] west isgS 
 
I50 
 
 Aldgate warde 
 
 called of a Priuiledge sometime enioyed to keepe a mait 
 there, long since discontinued, and therefore forgotten, so as 
 nothing remaineth for memorie, but the name of Mart lane, 
 Basket makers and that corruptly tearmed Marke lane. I read that in the 
 appie'to" third of Edward the fourth, all Basket makers, Wiar drawers, 
 and other forreyners, were permitted to haue shops in this 
 mannor of Blanch apleton, and not else where within this 
 Citie or suburbs thereof, and this also being the farthest | 
 Page IS2 vvest part of this ward, on that southside I leaue it, with three 
 parish Churches, saint Katlierine Christ church, saint Andrew 
 Vndershaft, and saint Katherine Colemans, and thre hawles of 
 companies, the Bricklayers hall, the Fletchers hall, and the 
 Ironmongers hall. It hath an Alderman, his Deputie, common 
 counsellers six. Constables six, Scauengers nine, Wardmote 
 men for inquest eighteene, and a Beedle. It is taxed to the 
 fifteene in London at fiue pound. 
 
 Cornehill. 
 
 Limestreete warde. 
 
 Limestreete XhE next is Limestreete warde, and taketh the name of 
 Limestreete. Limestreete, of making or selling of Lime there (as is sup- 
 posed). The East side of this Limestreete, from the North 
 corner thereof to the midst, is of Aldgate warde, as is afore- 
 said : the west side, for the most part from the said north 
 corner, southward, is of this Limestreete ward : the southend 
 on both sides is of Langborne ward : the bodie of this Lime- 
 High street of sti'cete ward is of the high streete called Cornehill streete, 
 which stretcheth from Limestreete on the southside, to the 
 west corner of Leaden hall : and on the north side from the 
 southwest corner of Saint Marie streete, to another corner 
 ouer against Leadenhall. 
 
 Now for saint Mary street, the west side therof is of this 
 Limestreete warde, and also the streete which runneth by the 
 north ende of this saint Alaric streete, on both sides, from 
 thence west to an house called the Wrestlers, a signe so 
 called, almost to Bishops gate. And these are the bounds 
 of this small ward. 
 
 Monuments or places notable in this ward be these : In 
 Limestreete are diuerse fayre houses for marchants and 
 
Limestreete warde 151 
 
 others : there was sometime a mansion house of the kings, An house in 
 called the kings Artirce whereof I find record in the 14. of J;'"^^^'^^^^ 
 Edivard the first, but now growne out of knowledge. I reade kings Artirce. 
 also of another great house in the west side of Limestreete, 
 hauing a Chappell on the south, and a Garden on the west, 
 then belonging to the Lord Neuill, which | garden is now Page i;; 
 called the Greene yard of the Leaden hall. This house in the 
 ninth of Richard the second, pertained to sir Simon Burley 
 and sir lolm Btirley his brother, and of late the said house 
 was taken downe, and the forefront thereof new builded of 
 timber by Hugh Offley, Alderman. At the Northwest corner 
 of Limestreet was of old time one great Messuage called 
 Benbriges Inne, Ralph Holland Draper, about the year 1453. Benbridges 
 gaue it to lohn Gill, maister, and to the Wardens, and Fra- ""'^' 
 ternitie of Tailers and Linnen Armorers of saint lohn Baptist 
 in London, and to their successors for euer. They did set 
 vp in place thereof a fayre large frame of timber, containing 
 in the high street one great house, and before it to the corner 
 of Limestreet, three other tenements, the corner house being 
 the largest, and then downe Limestreete diuers proper tene- 
 ments. All which the Marchant Taylers in the raigne of 
 Edward the sixt sold to Stephen Kirton Marchant Tayler 
 and Alderman, he gaue with his daughter Grisild, to Nicholas 
 
 Woodroffe the saide great house, with two tenements before 
 it, in Hew of a hundred pound, and made it vp in money 
 •3^66. pound, 13. shillings, 4. pence. This worshipfuU man, 
 and the Gentlewoman his widow after him, kept those houses 
 downe Limestreet in good reparations, neuer put out but one 
 tennant, tooke no fines, nor raysed rents of them, which was 
 ten shillings the peece yerely : But whether that fauour did 
 ouerliue her funerall, the Tenants now can best declare the 
 contrarie. 
 
 Next vnto this on the high streete, was the Lord Sowches Messuage of 
 Messuage or tenement, and other. In place whereof Richarde gouch!'^ 
 
 WetheW^, Marchant Tayler, builded a fayre house, with an 
 high Tower, the seconde in number, and first of tymber, that 
 euer I learned to haue beene builded to ouerlooke neighbours 
 in this Citie. 
 
 » rr^/M/I Whethill /jp^ 
 
152 Limestreete warde 
 
 This Richard then a young man, became in short time so 
 tormented with goutes in his ioynts, of the hands and legges, 
 that he could nether feede him selfe, nor goe further then he 
 was led, much lesse was he able to climbe, and take the 
 pleasure of the height of his Tower. 
 
 Then is there another faire house builded by Stephen Kirton, 
 Alderman : Alderman Lee doth now possesse it, and againe 
 Page IS4 new I buildeth it.^ 
 
 Then is there a fayre house of olde time called the greene 
 
 gate, by which name one Michael pistoy Lumbard held it, with 
 
 a tenement and nine shops, in the raigne of Richard the 
 
 second, who in the 15. of his raigne gaue it to Roger Crophidl, 
 
 Messuage and Thomas Bromesler, Esquires, by the name of the Greene 
 
 Greene'^^te S^*^^' '" ^^ parish of S. Andrew vpon Cornehill, in Lime- 
 
 PhiUp Malpas streete warde : since the which time Philip Malpas, sometime 
 
 robbed. Alderman and one of the Shiriffes, dwelled therein, and was 
 
 there robbed and spoyled of his goods to a great value, by 
 
 lacke Cade, and other Rebels in the yeare 1449. 
 
 Afterwards in the raigne of Henrie the seuenth, it was 
 seased into the kings hands, and then granted, first vnto lohn 
 Alston, after that vnto William de la Riners, and since by 
 Henrie the 8. to lohn Mntas (a Picarde) or Frenchman, who 
 dwelled there, and harbored in his house many Frenchmen, 
 that kalendred wolsteds, and did other things contrarie to the 
 Franchises of the Citizens : wherefore on euill May day, which 
 Mutas house was in the yeare 151 7, the Prentizes and other spoyled his 
 robbed. house : and if they could haue found Mutas, they would haue 
 
 stricken off his heade. Sir Peter Mntas, sonne to the said 
 lohn Mntas, solde this house to Danid Woodroffe Alderman, 
 whose Sonne Sir Nicholas Woodroffe Alderman, sold it ouer 
 to lohn Moore Alderman, that now possesseth it. 
 
 Next is a house called the Leaden portch, lately diuided 
 into two tenements, whereof one is a Tauerne, and then one 
 Leaden porch. Other house for a Marchant, likewise called the Leaden 
 portch: but now turned to a Cookes house. Next is a faire 
 house and a large, wherein diuerse Maioralities haue beene 
 kept, whereof twaine in my remembrance : to wit, Sir William 
 Boivyar, and Sir Henry Huberthorne. 
 ^ builded it j6j3 
 
Limestreete warde 153 
 
 The next is Leaden Hall, of which I reade, that in the yeare Manner of 
 1309. it belonged to Sir Hugh Netiill knight, and that the ^^'^'^^° ''^"• 
 Ladie Alice his widow made a feofment thereof, by the name 
 of Leaden hall, with the aduowsions of the Church of S. Peter 
 vpon Cornhill, and other churches to Richard Earle of Arun- 
 dell and Surrey, 1363. More, in the yeare 1380. Alice Netiill, 
 widow I to Sir lohn Netiill, knight of Essex, confirmed to Page ijj 
 Thomas Cogshall and others the said Mannor of Leaden hall, 
 the aduowsions, &c. In the yeare 1384. Hwnfrey de Bohun, 
 Earle of Hereford, had the said Mannor. And in the yeare 
 1408. Robert Rikeden of Essex, and Margaret his wife, con- 
 firmed to Richarde Whittington and other Citizens of London, 
 the said Mannor of Leaden hall, with the Appurtenances, the 
 Aduousions of S. Peters Church, Saint Margarets Pattens, 
 &c. And in the yere 141 1 the said Whittington and other 
 confirmed the same to the Maior and Comminaltie of London, 
 whereby it came to the possession of the Citie. Then in the 
 yeare 1443. the %\. of Henrie the sixt, John Hatherley Maior, 
 purchased licence of the said King, to take vp. 200. fodder of Licence to 
 Leade, for the building of water Conduits, a common Granarie, Jo^hJbuMing 
 and the crosse in west Cheape more richly for honour of the vp of common 
 Citie. In the yeare next following, the Parson and parish of 
 Saint Dunston in the east of London, seeing the famous and 
 mightie man (for the wordes bee in the graunt : cum nobilis & 
 potens vir.) Simon Eyre, Citizen of London, among other his 
 workes of pietie, effectually determined to erect and build a 
 certaine Granarie vpon the soile of the same Citie at Leaden 
 hall of his owne charges, for the common vtilitie of the saide 
 Citie, to the amplifying and inlarging of the sayde Granarie, 
 graunted to Henrie Frowicke then Maior, the Aldermen, and 
 Comminaltie and their successors for euer, all their Tenements, 
 with the appurtenaunces, sometime called the Horsemill in Horse mill in 
 Grasse streete, for the annuall rent of foure pound &c. Also "■^^^^^''^^^'e- 
 certaine Euidences of an Alley and Tenements pertayning to 
 the Horsemill, adioyning to the sayd Leaden hall in Grasse Symon Eyre 
 streete, giuen by William Kingstone Fishmonger, vnto the vrfioist'e^r^" 
 parish church of S. Peter vpon Cornehill, doe specifie the sayd then by 
 Granarie to be builded by the sayde honourable and famous his^copif a 
 Marchant Symon Eyre, sometime an Upholster, and then a Draper. 
 
154 Limestreete loarde 
 
 Leaden hall Draper, in the yeare 1419. He builded it of squared stone, in 
 be^a common" forme as now it sheweth, with a fayre and large chappell in 
 Garner. the East side of the Quadrant, ouer the porch of which hee 
 
 A Chappell , , . ^ ^ r, • • /. ■. 'ri. 
 
 builded in causcd to DC written, Dcxtra Domini exaLtamt me, Ine 
 Leaden hall. Lords right hand exalted me. Within the sayde Church on 
 the North wall was written Honorandus famostcs marcator 
 Page i}6 Simon Eyre \ Indus opcris, &c. In English thus. The 
 honourable and famous Marchant, Simon Eyre founder of 
 this worke, once Maior of this Citie, Citizen and Draper of the 
 same, departed out of this life, the 18. day of September, the 
 yeare from the incarnation of Christ 1459- and the 38. yeare 
 of the raigne of king H. the sixt. He was buried in the 
 parish Church of Saint Mary Wolnoth in Lombard streete : 
 Legacies giuen he gauc by his Testament, which I haue read, to be distributed 
 Eyre'.™°" '° ^^ prisons in London, or within a mile of that Citie, some- 
 what to reliefe them. More, hee gaue 2000. Markes vpon a 
 condition, which not performed, was then to bee distributed 
 to Maides marriages, and other deeds of charitie: he also 
 gaue 3000. markes to the Drapers, vpon condition they should 
 within one yeare after his decease, establish perpetually a 
 maister or warden, fiue secular priests, sixe clarkes, and two 
 Payly seruice queristers, to siog dayly diuine seruice by note for euer, in his 
 by noate, &c., chappell of the Leaden hall : also one Maister with an Usher 
 
 and three free '■ ^ 
 
 schooles in the for Grammar, one master for writing, and the third for song. 
 Leaden hall, ^jj.]^ housing there newly builded for them for euer, the 
 Master to haue for his Salarie ten pound : and euerie other 
 priest eight pound, euery other Clarke fiue pound six shillings 
 eight pence, and euery other chorister, fiue marks : and if the 
 Drapers refused this to do, within one yeare after his decease, 
 then the three thousand Markes to remaine to the Prior and 
 couent of Christs Church in London, with condition to estab- 
 lish as is aforesayd, within two yeares after his decease : and if 
 they refused, then the three thousand Markes to be disposed 
 by his Executors as they best could deuise in works of 
 charitie : thus much for his Testament, not performed by 
 establishing of diuine seruice in his chappell, or free schooles 
 for schollers, neither how the stocke of 3000. Marks, or rather 
 fiue thousand Marks was employed by his Executors, could I 
 euer learne : he left issue Thomas, who had issue, Thomas, &c. 
 
Limestreete warde 155 
 
 True it is that in one yeare 1464. the third of Edward the Liber albus. 
 fourth, it was agreed by the Mayor, Aldermen and Com- f^onage^of 
 minaltie of London, that notwithstanding the Kings letters wools at 
 Patentes, lately before graunted vnto them touching the ^^^'^^" ''''"• 
 Tronage or Weighing of Wares to bee holden at the Leaden 
 Hall, yet sute should be made to the king for new letters 
 pattentes to be granted to the Mayor of the Sta|ple for the Page 7/7 
 Tronage of wols to be holden there, & order to be taken by 
 the discretion of Thomas Cooke then Maior, the counsaile of 
 the Citie, Geffrey Filding then Maior of the Staple at West- 
 minster, and of the kings Councell, what should bee payd to 
 the Maior and Aldermen of the Citie, for the laying and 
 housing of the Woolles there, that so they might bee brought 
 foorth and weighed, &c. 
 
 Touching the Chappell there, I find that in the yeare 1466. A brotherhood 
 by licence obtained of king Edward the fourth, in the sixt of °„^fh°e chappell 
 his raigne, a Fraternitie of the Trinitie of 60. priests (besides of Leaden 
 other brethren, and sisters) in the same Chappell was founded 
 by William Rortse, lohn Risbie, & Thomas Ashby priests, 
 some of the which 60. priests, euery market day in the fore 
 noone, did celebrate diuine seruice there, to such Market people 
 as repayred to prayer, and once euerie yeare they met all 
 togither, and had solemn seruice, with Procession of all the 
 Brethren and Sisters. This foundation was in the yere 1512. 
 by a common councell confirmed to the 60. Trinitie priests, and 
 to their successors, at the will of the Maior and Cominaltie. 
 
 In the yeare 1484. a great fire happened vpon this Leaden Leaden hall 
 Hall, by what casualtie I know not, but much bowsing was ''"™^ ' 
 there destroyed, with all the stockes for Guns, and other 
 prouision belonging to the Citie, which was a great losse, and 
 no lesse charge to be repayred by them. 
 
 In the yeare 1503. the eightenth of Henrie the seuenth. Rich. Arnold. 
 a request was made by the Commons of the Citie, concerning a request of 
 the vsage of the said Leaden hall, in forme as followeth. Jjj^ Mlior"aVd° 
 ' Please it the Lord Maior, Aldermen, & common councel, to Aldermen, 
 enact that al Frenchmen, bringing Canuas, Linnen cloth, and Leaden hall 
 other wares to be sold, and all Forreins bringing Wolsteds, canuas and 
 Sayes, Staimus,^ Kiuerings, Nailes, Iron worke, or any other Linnen cloth. 
 ' Stamins] 1633 ; Stairaus isgS, 1603 
 
156 Limestveete warde 
 
 wares, and also all maner Forreins bringing Lead to the Citie 
 to be sold, shall bring all such their wares aforesaid to the 
 open Market of the Leaden hall, there and no where else to 
 be shewed, solde and vttered, like as of olde time it hath beene 
 vsed, vpon paine of forfeyture of all the sayd wares, shewed or 
 sold in any other place then aforesayd, the shew of the said 
 Page ijs wares to be made three dayes in the weeke^, that is to | say 
 Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday : it is also thought reason- 
 Common able that the common Beam be kept from hencefoorth in the 
 kepUn Leaden deaden Hall, and the Farmer to pay therefore reasonable 
 hall. rent to the Chamber : for better it is that the Chamber haue 
 
 aduauntage thereby, then a forreine person : and also the said 
 Leaden hall, which is more chargeable now by halfe then 
 profitable, shall better beare out the charges thereof : also the 
 common Beame for wooll at Leaden hall may pay yearly a 
 rent to the Chamber of London, toward supportation and 
 Leaden hall charges of the same place : for reason it is, that a common 
 the Com-^ ° office occupied vpon a common ground, beare a charge to the 
 minaltie. yse of the Comminaltic: also that Forreins bringing wools, 
 ald'otlfef '' fels, or any other Marchandizes or wares to Leaden hall, to be 
 marcandizes kept there for the sale and Market, may pay more largely for 
 Leaden hall, the keeping of their goods, then free men.' Thus much for 
 
 the request of the Commons at this time. 
 Leaden hall Now to set downe some proofe that the said hall hath beene 
 vsed as a imployed and vsed as a Granarie for come and graine (as the 
 
 garnar. ^ •' . 
 
 same was first appoynted) leauing all former examples, this 
 
 Roger Achley one may suffice : Roger Achley Maior of London, in the yeare 
 
 goodproulsion ^o^^. the third of Hejirie the eight, when the said Maior 
 
 for the city, entered the Maioralitie, there was not found one hundred 
 
 quarters of wheate in all the Garners of the Citie, either within 
 
 the liberties, or neare adioyning : through the which scarcitie, 
 
 Bread Carts when the Carts of Stratford came laden with bread to the 
 
 tiie^Bow'"^'^ Citie (as they had beene accustomed) there was such presse 
 
 about them, that one man was readie to destroy an other, in 
 
 striuing to bee serued for their money : but this scarcitie 
 
 lasted not long : for the Maior in short time made such 
 
 prouision of Wheate, that the Bakers both of London, and of 
 
 Stratford were wearie of taking it vp, and were forced to take 
 
 much more then they would, and for the rest the Maior laid 
 
Limestreete warde 157 
 
 out the money, and stored it vp in Leaden hall, and other 
 garners of the Citie. This Maior also kept the Market so well, 
 that hee would be at the Leaden hall by foure a clocke in the 
 Sommers mornings, and from thence he went to other markets, 
 to the great comfort of the Citizens. 
 
 I reade also that in the yeare 1538. the 3o. of Henrie the 
 eight, Surueyers were appoynted to view the Garners of the | 
 Citie, namely the Bridgehouse, and the Leaden hall, how they Page ij^ 
 were stored of Graine for the seruice of the Citie. And 
 because I haue herebefore spoken of the bread Carts comming 
 from Stratford at the Bow, ye shall vnderstand that of olde 
 time the Bakers of breade at Stratford, were allowed to bring 
 dayly (except the Sabbaoth and principall Feast<s)) diuerse 
 long Cartes laden with bread, the same being two ounces in 
 the pennie wheate loafe heauier then the penny wheate loafe 
 baked in the Citie, the same to be solde in Cheape, three or 
 foure Cartes standing there, betweene Gutherans lane, and 
 Fausters lane ende, one carte on Cornehill, by the conduit, 
 and one other in Grasse streete. And I haue reade that in the Liber. D. 
 fourth yere of Edward the second, Richard Reffeham being gf^j^j'fpj^l" 
 Maior, a Baker named lohn of Stratforde, for making Bread punished in 
 lesser then the Assise, was with a fooles whoode on his head, baking bread 
 and loaues of bread about his necke, drawne on a Hurdle ™^f'^ "'^ 
 
 Assise. 
 
 through the streets of this Citie : Moreouer in the 44. of 
 Edward the third lohn Chichester being Maior of London, I 
 read in the visions of Pierce Plowman, a booke so called, as 
 followeth. ' There was a careful comnttme, when no Cart lohn Maluem. 
 came to towne with baked bread from Stratford : the gan ^^^^ Stratford 
 bescsers weepe. and workemen were agast, a little this will be missed in this 
 
 , , 7 • , 7 .- ^- ■ , ■ A ,, city in time of 
 
 thought long 171 the date of our Uirte, in a drie Auereil scmsitie. 
 
 a thousafid and three htmdred, tzvise thirtie a?td ten, &c.' I 
 
 reade also in the 20. of Henrie the eight. Sir lames Spencir 
 
 being Maior, six Bakers of Stratford were merced in the Guild 
 
 hall of London, for baking vnder the size appoynted. These 
 
 Bakers of Stratford left seruing of this citie, I knowe not 
 
 vppon what occasion, about !?o. yeares since. 
 ^'^ 1 ^ petition of 
 
 In the yeare 15x9. a petition was exhibited by the com- the commons 
 
 mons to the common councell, and was by them allowed, ^"""^o^he^ *^ 
 
 concerning the Leaden hall, howe they would haue it vsed, Leaden hall. 
 
158 Limestreete warde 
 
 viz. ' Meekely beseeching sheweth vnto your good Lordship, 
 and Maisterships, diuerse Citizens of this Cittie, which vnder 
 correction thinke, that the great place called the Leaden hall, 
 should nor ought not to be letten to farme, to any person or 
 persons, and in especiall to any fellowship or companie incor- 
 porate, to haue and hold the same hall for tearme of yeares, 
 for such inconueniences as thereby may ensue, and come to 
 
 Page 160 the hurt of the common weale of the said Citie, | in time to 
 come, as some what more largely may appeare in the Articles 
 following. 
 
 ' First, if any assembly, or hastie gathering of the commons 
 of the said Citie for suppressing or subduing of misruled 
 people within the saide Citie, hereafter shall happen to be 
 called or commanded by the Maior, Aldermen, and other 
 gouernors and counsellors of the said Citie for the time being, 
 there is none so conuenient meete and necessarie a place to 
 assemble them in, within the saide citie, as the saide Leaden 
 hall, both for largenes of roome, and for their sure defence in 
 time of their counselling togither about the premises. Also 
 in that place hath been vsed the Artillerie, Guns, and other 
 armors of the said citie, to be safely kept in a readines for the 
 safegard, wealth, and defence of the said citie, to bee had and 
 occupied at times when neede required. As also the store of 
 tymber for the necessarie reparations of the tenements belong- 
 ing to the chamber of the said citie, there commonly hath 
 been kept. Item if any triumph or noblenesse were to be 
 done, or shewed by the communaltie of the citie for the honour 
 of our soueraigne Lord the King, and realme, and for the 
 worship of the said Citie, the saide Leaden hall is most meete 
 and conuenient place to prepare and order the said triumph 
 therein, and from thence to issue foorth to the places therefore 
 appoynted. Item, at any largesse or dole of any money made 
 vnto the poore people of this Citie, it hath beene vsed to bee 
 done and giuen in the said Leaden hall, for that the saide 
 place is most meete therefore. Item, the honourable father, 
 that was maker of the said hall, had a speciall will, intent and 
 minde, that (as it is commonly said) the Market men and 
 
 Leaden Hall a ^omen that came to the Citie with victuals and other things, 
 
 free Market ° ' 
 
 place iox should haue their free standing within the said Leaden Hall 
 
Li7nestreete warde 159 
 
 in wet weather, to keepe themselues and their wares drie, and victulers and 
 thereby to encourage them, and all other to haue the better gt^nd^dfie! 
 will and desire the more plenteously to resort to the said 
 Cittie, to victuall the same. And if the saide Hall should be 
 letten to farme, the will of the said honourable father should 
 neuer be fulfilled nor take effect. Item, if the said place, which 
 is the chiefe fortresse and most necessarie place within all the 
 Citie, for the tuition and safegard of the same, should bee 
 letten to farme out of the handes of the chiefe heades of the 
 same Citie, and especially | to an other bodie politique, it Page 161 
 might at length by likeHhood be occasion of discord and 
 debate betweene the saide bodies politique, which God 
 defend. 
 
 ' For these and many other great and reasonable causes, 
 which hereafter shall be shewed to this honorable Court, 
 your said beseechers thinke it much necessarie, that the said 
 hal be stil in the hands of this Citie, and to be surely kept 
 by sad and discreet ofiScers, in such wise, that it may 
 alway be readie to be vsed and occupied for the common 
 weale of the said Citie when need shall require, and in no 
 wise to bee letten to any bodie politique.' Thus much for the 
 petition. 
 
 About the yeare 1534. great meanes was made about the Leaden Hall 
 Leaden Hall to haue the same made a Bursse for the assemblie "g™ ^ made a 
 of marchants, as they had been accustomed in Lombard- Burse for 
 street, many common counselles were called to that ende : 
 but in the yeare 1535. lohn Champneis being Maior, it was 
 fully concluded that the Bursse should remaine in Lombard 
 streete, as afore, and Leaden hall no more to be spoken of 
 concerning that matter. 
 
 The vse of Leaden hall in my youth was thus : In a part 
 of the North quadrant on the East side of the North gate, 
 was the common beames for weighing of wooll, and other 
 wares, as had beene accustomed : on the west side the gate 
 was the scales to way meale: the other three sides were 
 reserued for the most part to the making and resting of the 
 pageants shewed at Midsommer in the watch : the remnant 
 of the sides and quadrants were imployed for the stowage 
 of wooll sackes, but not closed vp : the lofts aboue were 
 
i6o Limestreefe warde 
 
 partly vsed by the painters in working for the decking of 
 pageants and other deuises, for beautifying of the watch and 
 watchmen, the residue of the lofts were letten out to 
 Marchants, the wooU winders and packers therein to wind 
 and packe their wools. And thus much for Leaden hall may 
 suffice. 
 
 Now on the North of Limestreet warde in the high street 
 
 are diuerse faire houses for Marchants, and proper tenements 
 
 for artificers, with an Alley also called Shaft alley, of the 
 
 shaft or Maypole sometime resting ouer the gate thereof, as 
 
 I haue declared in Aldgate warde. In the yeare 1576. partly 
 
 at the charges of the parish of saint Andi'etv, and partly at 
 
 Page 162 the charges of the chamber | of London, a water pompe was 
 
 A pnmpe in raised in the high street of Limestreete warde, neare vnto 
 
 of Limestreete Limestreet corner : for the placing of the which pumpe, 
 
 ^^'^'^f-,,, hauing broken vp the ground they were forced to digge more 
 
 Comhill street ^ . , ° 
 
 in some place then two fadome deepe before they came to any maine 
 fadome'hieher g^und, where they found a harth made of Britain, or rather 
 then of aide Roman Tile, euery Tile halfe yarde square, and about two 
 appeared by inches thick : they found Coale lying there also (for that lying 
 buildings whole will ncucr consume) then digging one fadome into the 
 
 found sodeepe. , ^ , „ . 
 
 mame, they found water sufficient, made their prall, and set 
 
 vp the pumpe, which pumpe with oft repayring and great 
 
 charges to the Parish, continued not foure and twenty yeares, 
 
 but being rotted, was taken vp, and a new set in place, in the 
 
 yeare 1600. Thus much for the high streete. 
 
 S. Mary street, In S. Marie Street had ye of olde time a Parish Church of 
 
 of^Mary, ""^"^ ?>■ Muvie the virgine. Saint Vrstda, and the iiooo. virgins, 
 
 S. Vrsuia, & which Church was commonly called S. Marie at the Axe, of 
 
 IIOOO virgines , . r i\ ■ ^ -r^ 
 
 called at the the signe 01 an Axe, ouer against the East end thereof, or 
 forawarT°"' ^- ^'^^^'^ P(?//?>«r, of a plot of ground lying on the North 
 bouse. side thereof, pertayning to the Skinners in London. This 
 
 parish about the yeare 1565. was vnited to the Parish Church 
 of S. Andrew Vnder shaft, and so was S. Mary at the Axe 
 suppressed, and letten out to bee a warehouse for a Marchant. 
 Against the east end of this Church, was some time a faire 
 wall, now turned to a pumpe. Also against the north end of 
 this S. Mary street, was sometime one other parish church 
 of S. Augustine, called S. Augustine in the wall, for that it 
 
Limestreeie ivarde t6t 
 
 stood adioyning to the wall of the Citie, and otherwise called Parish church 
 S. Atignstins Papey, or the poore, as I haue read in the ?„ fhe^a{}°* 
 raigne of Ed. the 3. About the yeare 1430 in the raigne of made a 
 Henrie the sixt, the same church was allowed to the brethren the Papey, and 
 of the Papey, the house of poore priests, whereof I haue ^^'=^ P""^^. 
 spoken in Aldgate warde. The Parishioners of this Church made a stable. 
 were appointed to the Parish church of Alhallowes in the 
 wall, which is in Broadstreete warde, this brotherhood, called 
 Papey, being suppressed, the church of S. Augiistin was 
 pulled downe, and in place thereof one Grey a Pothecarie 
 builded a stable, a hayloft, &c. It is now a dwelling house. 
 Those two parish churches both lying in the ward of Lime- 
 street, being thus suppressed, there is not any one parish 
 church or place for | diuine seruice in that warde, but the Page 163 
 inhabitantes thereof repaire to 5. Peter in Cornhill warde, 
 S. Andrew in Aldegate ward, Alhallowes in the wall in 
 Broadstreet ward, and some to S. Denis in Langbome 
 warde. 
 
 Now because of late there hath beene some question, to 
 what Warde this Church of S. Augustine Papey should of 
 right belong, for the same hath beene challenged by them of 
 Aldegate Warde, and without reason taken into Bishopsgate 
 Warde from Limestreete Warde, I am somewhat to touch it. 
 About 30. yeares since the Chamber of London granted a 
 lease of ground (in these wordes) lying neare London wall in 
 the ward of Limestreet, from the west of the said church or 
 chappell of 5". Augustine Papey towardes Bishopsgate, &c. 
 On the which plat of grounde the lease ^ builded three faire Houses by 
 tenementes, and placed tennantes ^ there : these were charged in°°iie°w«d o'f 
 to beare scot and lot, and some of them to beare office in i-imestreete. 
 Limestreete warde: all which they did willingly without 
 grudging. And when any suspected or disordered persons 
 were by the Landlord placed there, the officers of Limestreete 
 warde fetched them out of their houses, committed them to 
 Warde, procured their due punishments, and banished them 
 from thence : whereby in short time that place was reformed, 
 & brought into good order, which thing being noted by 
 
 STOW. ( 
 
 leasee 1633 ^ tennantes] r^pS; tenementes 1603 
 
 M 
 
1 62 
 
 Litnestreete warde 
 
 A part of 
 Limestreete 
 ward vniustly 
 withhelde by 
 Bishopsgate 
 warde. 
 
 I'age 164 
 
 A chnrchyeard 
 by Loudon 
 \Vall pertayn- 
 ing to Saint 
 Martins 
 Otoswich in 
 Bishopsgate. 
 Liber Frater. 
 
 Liber Papie. 
 
 them of Aldegate Warde, they moued their Alderman Sir 
 Thomas Offley to call in those houses to be of his Ward, but 
 I my selfe shewing a faire ledgier booke sometime pertayning 
 to the late dissolued Priorie of the holy Trinity within Aide- 
 gate, wherein were set down the iust boundes of Aldgate 
 warde, before Sir Thomas Offley, Sir Roivland Heyward, the 
 common Counsell and Wardemote inquest of the saide Lime- 
 streete ward, Sir Thomas Offley gaue ouer his challenge: and 
 so that matter rested in good quiet, vntill the yeare 1579. that 
 Sir Richard Type being Mayor, and Alderman of Bishopsgate 
 warde challenged those houses to bee of his Warde, whereunto 
 (without reason shewed) Sir Rowland Heyward yeelded : and 
 thus is that side of the streete from the North corner of 
 ^. Mary streete almost to Bishopsgate (wherein is one plot 
 of grounde letten by the Chamberlaine of London to the 
 parrish of S. Martins Otesivich, to be a churchyeard, or 
 burying place for the dead of that | parish, &c. vniustly 
 drawne and withholden from the warde of Limestreet. Diuers 
 other proofes I could set down, but this one following may 
 suffice. The Mayor and Aldermen of London made a graunt 
 to the fraternity of Papie, in these words : Be it remembred, 
 that where now of late the master and wardens of the frater- 
 nity of the Papie, haue made a bricke wall, closing in the 
 chappell of Saint Angus titte called Papie chappell, scituate 
 in the parrish of All-Saintes in the wall, in the warde of 
 Limestreete of the Cittie of London : from the southeast 
 corner of the which bricke wall, is a skuncheon of xxi. foote 
 of assise from the said corner Eastward. And from the 
 same skuncheon there to a messuage of 55. foote & a halfe 
 westward, the said skuncheon breaketh out of line righte 
 southward betwixt the measures aforesaid, iii. foot, and fiue 
 inches of assise, vpon the common ground of the city afore- 
 said, Rafh Verney Mayor, and the Aldermen of the same 
 citie, the xxii. day of October, the sixt yeare of Edward the 
 fourth, graunted to lohn Hod Priest, master lohn Bolte, and 
 Thomas Packet priests, wardens of the fraternity of Papie 
 aforesaid, and to their successors for euer, &c. yeelding iiii.d. 
 sterling yearly at Michaelmas, and this is, sayeth my booke, 
 inrolled in the Guildhall of X^ondon : which is a sufficient 
 
Limestreete ivarde 163 
 
 proofe the same plot of ground to be of Limestreet warde 
 and neuer otherwise accounted or challenged. 
 
 On the south side of this streete stretching west from 
 S. Mary streete towardes Bishopsgate streete, there was of 
 olde time one large messuage builded of stone and timber, 
 in the parish of 6". Augustine in the wall, now in the 
 parrish of Alhallowes in the same wall, belonging to the 
 Earle of Oxeford, for Richard de Vere Earle of Oxeford Patent, 
 possessed it in the 4. of Henry the fift, but in processe of '-'"'^"'^'^ P^*"^*- 
 time the landes of the Earle fell to femals, amongest the 
 which one being married to Wingfielde of Suffolke, this house 
 with the appurtenances fell to his lot, and was by his heire 
 Sir Robert Wingfield sold to M. Edward Cooke, at this time 
 the Queenes Atturney Generall. This house being greatly 
 ruinated of late time, for the most part hath beene letten out 
 to Powlters, for stabling of horses and stowage of Poultrie, 
 but now lately new builded into a number of small tenements, 
 letten out to strangers, and other meane people. | 
 
 One note more of this Warde, and so an end. I finde of Page 16s 
 Recorde, that in the yeare 1371. the 45. of Edwarde the 
 thirde, a great subsidie of looooo. pounde was graunted Subsidie of 
 towardes the Kinges warres in France, whereof the Cleargie ^"™i^|[^*j^g 
 paid 50000. pounde, and the laitie 50000. pound, to be leuied yeare 1371. 
 to 39. shires of England, containing parishes 8600. of euery 
 parrish 5. pounde xvi.s. the greater to helpe the lesser : this 
 Cittie (as one of the shires) then containing 24. Wardes, and 
 in them 110. parishes, was therefore assessed to 635.11. la.s. 
 whereof Limestreet ward did beare 34. shillinges and no 
 more, so small a Warde it was and so accounted, as hauing 
 no one whole parrish therein, but small portions onely of two 
 parrishes in that warde. This warde hath an Alderman, his 
 Deputie, common counsailors 4. Constables 4. Scauengers 
 3. Wardemote inquest 16. and a Beadle, and is taxed to the 
 fifteene at i.li. 19.S. ii.d. ob.q. 
 
 Bishopsgate Warde 
 
 The next is Bishopsgate warde, whereof a parte is without Hshopsgate 
 the gate and of the suburbes from the barres, by S. Mary 
 
 M 3 
 
164 
 
 Bishopsgate warde 
 
 Parrish church 
 of S. Buttolph 
 without 
 Bishopsgate. 
 
 Page 166 
 
 Petty France, 
 neare to the 
 towne ditch. 
 
 Hospitall of 
 Bethelem. 
 
 Spittle, to Bishopsgate, and a part of Hounds ditchj almost 
 halfe thereof, also without the wall is of the same Warde. 
 Then within the gate is Bishopsgate streete, so called of the gate, 
 to a Pumpe, where sometime was a fayre wel with two buckets 
 by the East ende of the parrish Church of S. Martin Otoswich^ 
 and then winding by the West corner of Leaden hall down 
 Grasse street to the corner ouer against Grasse Church, and 
 this is the boundes of that Warde. 
 
 Monumentes most to bee noted, are these : the Parrish 
 church of S. Buttolph without Bishopsgate in a fayre Church- 
 yeard, adioyning to the Town Ditch vpon the very banke 
 thereof, but of olde time inclosed with a comely wall of 
 bricke, lately repayred by Sir William Allen Mayor, in the 
 yeare 1571- because he was borne in that parrish, where also 
 he was buried : an Ancris by Bishopsgate receyued 40.S. the 
 yeare of the Shiriffes of | London. 
 
 Now without this Churchyearde wall is a causeye leading to 
 a quadrant, called Petty Fraunce, of Frenchmen dwelling 
 there, and to other dwelling houses, lately builded on the 
 banke of the saide ditch by some Cittizens of London, that 
 more regarded their owne priuate gaine, then the common good 
 of the Cittie : for by meanes of this causeye raysed on the 
 banke, and soylage of houses, with other filthines cast into the 
 ditch, the same is now forced to a narrow channell, and almost 
 filled vp with vnsauorie thinges, to the daunger of impoysoning 
 the whole Cittie. 
 
 Next vnto the parrish church of S. Buttolph, is a fayre 
 Inne for receipt of Trauellers : then an Hospitall of S. Mary 
 of Bethelem, founded by Simon Fitz Ma^y one of the 
 Sheriffes of London in the yeare 1346. He founded it to haue 
 beene a Priorie of Cannons with brethren and sisters, and king 
 Edward the thirde granted a protection, which I haue seene, 
 for the brethren ATiliciae beatx Marix de Bethlem, within the 
 Citty of London, the 14. yeare of his raigne. It was an 
 Hospitall for distracted people, Stephen Geninges Marchant 
 Taylor gaue 40. li. toward purchase of the patronage by his 
 Testament 1523. the Mayor and Communalty purchased the 
 patronage thereof with all the landes and tenementes there- 
 unto belonging, in the yeare 1546. the same yeare King Henry 
 
Bishopsgate loarde 165 
 
 the eight gaue this Hospitall vnto the Cittie : the Church and 
 Chappell whereof were taken downe in the raigne of Queene 
 Elizabeth, and houses builded there, by the Gouernours of 
 Christes Hospitall in London. In this place people that bee 
 distraight in wits, are by the suite of their friendes receyued 
 and kept as afore, but not without charges to their bringers 
 in. In the yeare 1569. Sir Thomas Roe Marchant Taylor, 
 Mayor, caused to bee enclosed with a Wall of bricke, about 
 one acre of ground, being part of the said Hospitall of 
 Bethelem, to wit on the banke of deepe ditch so called, Buriall for the 
 parting the saide Hospitall of Bethelem from the More field : oefpI'dTr'^' 
 this he did for buriall, and ease of such parrishes in London, •'y Bethelem. 
 as wanted ground conuenient within their parrishes. The 
 Lady his wife was there buried (by whose perswasion he in- 
 closed it) but himselfe borne in London was buried in the 
 parrish church of Hackney. I 
 
 From this hospitall Northwarde vpon the streetes side many Page 167 
 houses haue beene builded with Alleys backeward of late time 
 too much pesterd with people (a great cause of infection) vp to 
 the barres. 
 
 The other side of this high streete from Bishopsgate & 
 Hounds ditch, the first building, a large Inne for receipt of Dolphin with 
 trauellers, and is called the Dolphin of such a signe. In the ""'gf '''°P'' 
 yeare 1513. Margaret Ricroft widow, gaue this house, with 
 the Gardens, and appurtenaunces, vnto William Gam, R. Clye, 
 their wiues, her daughters, and to their heyres, with condition, 
 they yearly to giue to the warden or gouernour of the gray 
 Friers Church within Newgate fortie shiUings, to find a student 
 of Diuinitie in the Uniuersitie for euer. Then is there a faire 
 house of late builded by lohn Powlet. Next to that, a farre Fishers Folly, 
 more large and beautifull house with Gardens of pleasure, 
 bowling Alleys, and such like, builded by lasper Fisher, free 
 of the Goldsmiths, late one of the six Clarks of the Chauncerie, 
 and a lustice of peace. It hath since for a time beene the 
 Earle of Oxfords place. The Queenes Maiestie Elizabeth 
 hath lodged there. It now belongeth to Sir Roger Manars. 
 This house being so large and sumptuously builded by a man 
 of no greater calling, possessions or wealth, (for he was in- 
 
1 66 Bishopsgate warde 
 
 debted to many) was mockingly called Fishers folly, and a 
 Rithme was made of it, and other the like, in this manner. 
 
 Kirkebyes Castell, and EisJurs EolHe, 
 Spinilas pleasure, and Megses glorie. 
 
 And so of other like buildings about the Cittie, by Citizens, 
 men haue not letted to speake their pleasure. 
 Berwardslane. From Fishers Follie vp to the west end of Berwards lane, 
 of olde time so called, but now Hogge lane, because it meeteth 
 with Hogge lane, which commeth from the Barres without 
 Aldgate, as is afore shewed, is a continuall building of tene- 
 ments, with Alleys of Cottages, pestered, &c. Then is there 
 Tasell close, a large close called Tasell close sometime, for that there were 
 Tasels planted for the vse of Clothworkers : since letten to 
 the Crosse-bow- makers, wherein they vsed to shoote for games 
 at the Popingey : now the same being inclosed with a bricke 
 Artillary wall, serueth to be an Artillerieyard, wherevnto the Gunners 
 p ^^g of the Tower doe weekely | repaire, namely euerie Thursday, 
 and there leuelling certaine Brasse peeces of great Artillerie 
 against a But of earth, made for that purpose, they dis- 
 Walter Brune, charge them for their exercise. Then haue ye the late 
 the Shi'riffes of d'ssolued Priorie and Hospitall, commonly called Saint Marie 
 London, 1203. Spittle, founded by Walter Brune, and Rosia his wife, for 
 Canons regular, Walter Archdeacon of London laid the first 
 stone, in the yeare 1197. William of Saint Marie Church then 
 Bishop of London, dedicated to the honour of lesus Christ, 
 and his Mother the perpetuall virgin Marie, by the name of 
 Dornus Dei, and Beatae Marix, extra Bishopsgate, in the 
 Parish of S. Buttolph, the bounds whereof, as appeareth by 
 composition betwixt the person, and Prior of the said Hos- 
 Berwards lane, pitall Concerning tithes, beginneth at Berwards lane toward 
 faTltdmore ^he South, and extendeth in breadth to the parish of Saint 
 then 400 Leonard of Soresditch towardes the North, and in length, 
 yeares s ce. ^^^^ ^^ Kings streete on the west to the Bishops of Londons 
 field, called Lollesworth on the East. The Prior of this Saint 
 Marie Spittle, for the emortising and propriation of the Priorie 
 of Bikenacar in Essex to his said house of Saint Marie 
 Spittle, gaue to Henrie the seuenth 400. pounds in the 22. of 
 his raigne. This Hospitall, surrendered to Henrie the eight, 
 
Bishopsgate imnie 167 
 
 was valued to dispend 478. pounds, wherein was found, besides 
 ornaments of the Church, and other goods pertaining to the 
 Hospitall, 180. beds well furnished, for receipt of the poore. 
 For it was an Hospitall of great reliefe. Sir Henrie Plesington 
 knight was buried there, 1452. 
 
 In place of this Hospitall, and neare adioyning, are now 
 many faire houses builded, for receipt and lodging of worship- 
 full persons. A part of the large Church yeard pertaining to 
 this Hospitall, and seuered from the rest with a Bricke wall, 
 yet remaineth as of olde time, with a Pulpit Crosse therein, Pulpit Crosse 
 somewhat like to that in Paiiles Church yard. And against ^ e pi e. 
 the said Pulpet on the Southside, before the chernell and Chemell and 
 Chappell of Saint Edmoiid the Bishop, and Marie Magdalen, ^^^^l°l 
 which chappell was founded about the yeare 1391. by William and of Mary 
 Euesham Citizen and Peperer of London, who was there 
 buried, remaineth also one faire builded house in two stories in Sermons in 
 height for the Maior, and other honourable persons, with the \^^^ ^^'" ^^ 
 Aldermen and Shiriffes to sit in, there | to heare the Sermons the Spittle. 
 preached in the Easter holydayes. In the loft ouer them '^^^ ' ^ 
 stood the Bishop of London, and other Prelates, now the 
 ladies, and Aldermens wiues doe there stand at a fayre 
 window, or sit at their pleasure. And here is to be noted, 
 that time out of minde, it hath beene a laudable custome, that 
 on good Friday in the after noone, some especiall learned 
 man, by appoyntment of the Prelats, hath preached a Sermon 
 at P aides crosse, treating of Christs passion : and vpon the 
 three next Easter Holydayes, Monday, Tuesday, and Wednes- 
 day, the like learned men, by the like appoyntment, haue vsed 
 to preach on the forenoones at the sayde Spittle, to perswade 
 the Article of Christs resurrection : and then on low Sunday, 
 one other learned man at Paules Crosse, to make rehearsall 
 of those foure former Sermons, either commending or reprouing 
 them, as to him by iudgement of the learned Diuines was 
 thought conuenient. And that done, he was to make a 
 sermon of his owne studie, which in all were fiue sermons in 
 one. At these sermons so seuerally preached, the Maior, 
 with his brethren the Aldermen were accustomed to bee 
 present in their Violets at Paules on good Fryday, and in 
 their Scarlets at the Spittle in the Holidayes, except Wednes- 
 
i68 
 
 Bishopsgate warde 
 
 House in S. 
 Mary Spittle 
 Charchyeard 
 buildedfor the 
 Mayor and 
 Aldermen. 
 
 Page i^o 
 
 Pulpit Crosse 
 in Spittle 
 churchyeard 
 new builded. 
 A house in 
 Spittle church 
 yeard builded 
 for the goner- 
 ners and chil- 
 dren of Christs 
 Hospitall. 
 Lolesworth 
 fielde. 
 
 Bnriall of the 
 Romaines in 
 Spittle field. 
 Old monu- 
 ments of the 
 Romaines 
 found. 
 
 day in violet, and the Maior witii his brethren, on low sonday 
 in scarlet, at Paules Crosse, continued vntill this day. 
 
 Touching the antiquitie of this custome, I finde that in the 
 yeare 1398. king Richard hauing procured from Rome, con- 
 firmation of such statutes, and ordinances, as were made in 
 the Parliament, begun at Westminster, and ended at Shrews- 
 burie, hee caused the same confirmation to be read and 
 pronounced at Pauls Crosse, and at saint Marie spittle in the 
 sermons before all the people. Philip Malpas one of the 
 shirififes in the yeare 1439. gaue 30. shillinges by the yeare to 
 the three preachers at the Spittle : Stephen Forster Maior, in 
 the yeare 1454. gaue fortie pounds to the preachers at Paules 
 crosse & Spittle. I find also that the afore said house, wherein 
 the Maior and Aldermen do sit at the Spittle, was builded for 
 that purpose of the goods, & by the Executors of Richard 
 Rawson Alderman, & Isabell his wife, in the yeare 1488. In 
 the year 1594. this Pulpit being old, was taken down, and 
 a new set vp, the Preachers face turned towardes the south, 
 which I was before toward the west, also a large house on the 
 east side of the said Pulpit, was then builded for the gouernors 
 and children of Christs Hospitall to sit in : and this was done 
 of the goods of William Elkens Alderman, late deceased, but 
 within the first yeare, the same house decaying, and like to 
 haue fallen, was againe with great cost repayred at the Cities 
 charge. On the East side of this Churchyard lieth a large 
 field, of olde time called Lolesworth, now Spittle field, which 
 about the yeare 1576. was broken vp for Clay to make Bricke, 
 in the digging whereof many earthen pots called Vrnse, were 
 found full of Ashes, and burnt bones of men, to wit, of the 
 Romanes that inhabited here : for it was the custome of the 
 Romanes to burne their dead, to put their Ashes in an Vrna, 
 and then burie the same with certaine ceremonies, in some 
 field appoynted for that purpose, neare vnto their Citie : euerie 
 of these pots had in them with the Ashes of the dead, one 
 peece of Copper mony, with the inscription of the Emperour 
 then raigning: some of them were of Claudius, some of 
 Vespasian, some of Nero, of Anthonius Pius, of Traianus, and 
 others : besides those Vrnas, many other pots were there found, 
 made of a white earth with long necks, and handels, like to our 
 
Bishopsgate luarde 169 
 
 stone lugges : these were emptie, but seemed to be buried ful 
 of some liquid matter long since consumed and soaked through: 
 for there were found diuerse vials and other fashioned Glasses, 
 some most cunningly wrought, such as I haue not seene the 
 like, and some of Christall, all which had water in them, noth- 
 ing differing in clearnes, taste, or sauour from common spring 
 water, what so euer it was at the first : some of these Glasses 
 had Oyle in them verie thicke, and earthie in sauour, some 
 were supposed to haue balme in them, but had lost the vertue : 
 many of those pots and glasses were broken in cutting of the 
 clay, so that few were taken vp whole. There were also 
 found diuerse dishes and cups of a fine red coloured earth, 
 which shewed outwardly such a shining smoothnesse, as if 
 they had beene of Currall ', those had in the bottomes Romane 
 letters printed, there were also lampes of white earth and red, 
 artificially wrought with diuerse antiques about them, some 
 three or foure Images made of white earth, about a span long 
 each of them : one I remember was of Pallas, the rest I haue 
 forgotten. I my selfe haue reserued ajmongst diuerse of those P^^g^ n' 
 antiquities there, one Vrna, with the Ashes and bones, and 
 one pot of white earth very small, not exceeding the quantitie 
 of a quarter of a wine pint, made in shape of a Hare, squatted 
 vpon her legs, and betweene her eares is the mouth of the pot. 
 There hath also beene found in the same field diuers coffins Troughes of 
 of stone, containing the bones of men : these I suppose to bee the"spi°tle '" 
 the burials of some especiall persons, in time of the Brytons, field. 
 or Saxons, after that the Romanes had left to gouerne here. 
 Moreouer there were also found the sculs and bones of men 
 without coffins, or rather whose coffins (being of great timber) 
 were consumed. Diuerse great nailes of Iron were there Great nayles 
 found, such as are vsed in the wheeles of shod Carts, being ?[j^jj°°g°,™'^^ 
 each of them as bigge as a mans finger, and a quarter of a yard fond opinions 
 long, the heades two inches ouer, those nayles were more 
 wondred at then the rest of thinges there found, and many 
 opinions of men were there vttred of them, namely that the 
 men there buried were murdered by driuing those nayles into 
 their heads, a thing vnlikely, for a smaller naile would more 
 
 ' Currall] 1398; currell 1603 
 
170 Bishopsgate ivanie 
 
 aptly serue to so bad a purpose, and a more secret place would 
 lightly be imployed for their buriall. But to set downe what 
 I haue obserued concerning this matter, I there behelde the 
 bones of a man lying (as I noted) the heade North, the feete 
 South, and round about him, as thwart his head, along both 
 his sides, and thwart his feete, such nailes were found, where- 
 fore I coniectured them to be the nailes of his cofiSn, which had 
 beene a trough cut out of some great tree, and the same 
 couered with a planke, of a great thicknesse, fastned with such 
 nayles, and therefore I caused some of the nayles to bee 
 reached vp to mee, and found vnder the broad heades of them, 
 the olde wood, skant turned into earth, but still retaining both 
 the graine, and proper colour : of these nayles with the wood 
 vnder the head thereof, I reserued one, as also the nether iaw 
 bone of the man, the teeth being great, sound, and fixed^, which 
 amongst other many monuments there found, I haue yet to 
 shew, but the nayle lying drie, is by scaling greatly wasted. 
 And thus much for this part of Bishopsgate warde, without 
 the gate : for I haue in another place spoken of the gate, and 
 therefore I am to speake of that other parte of this warde, 
 which lieth within the gate. | 
 Page. ^2 And first to begin on the left hand of Bishopsgate street, 
 
 from the gate ye haue certaine Tenements of olde time per- 
 ciearks Hall tayning to a brotherhood of S. Nicholas, granted to the Parish 
 hous'es^in ^ ""^ Clarkes of London, for two Chaplens to be kept in the Chappie 
 Bishopsgate of S. Marie Mas:dalen neare vnto the Guild hall of London, 
 
 street 
 
 in the 37. of Henrie the sixt. The first of these houses 
 towardes the North, and against the wall of the Citie, was 
 sometime a large Inne or Court called the Wrastlers, of such 
 a signe, and the last in the high streete towardes the South, 
 was sometime also a fayre Inne called the Angell, of such 
 a signe. Amongest these said Tenements was on the same 
 streete side a fayre Entrie or Court to the common hall of the 
 saide Parish Clarkes, with proper Almeshouses seauen in 
 number adioyning, for poore Parish Clarkes, and their wiues, 
 their widowes, such as were in great yeares not able to labour. 
 One of these by the sayd Brotherhoode of Parish Clarkes was 
 
 ^ fast fixed] i^gS ; fixe i6oj 
 
Bishopsgate wanie 171 
 
 allowed sixteene pence the weeke, the other sixe had each 
 of them nine pence the weeke, according to the pattent thereof 
 graunted. This Brotherhoode amongest other being sup- 
 pressed : In the raigne of Edward the sixt, the said Hall with 
 the other buildings there, was giuen to sir Robert Chester, 
 a knight of Cambridge shire, against whome the Parish Clarkes 
 commencing sute, in the raigne of Queene Marie, and being 
 like to haue preuayled, the saide Sir Robert Chester pulled 
 downe the Hall, sold the timber, stone, and lead, and there- 
 vpon the sute was ended. The Almeshouses remaine in the 
 Queenes handes, and people are their placed, such as can make 
 best friendes : some of them taking the pension appoynted, 
 haue let foorth their houses for great rent, giuing occasion to 
 the Parson of the Parish to chalenge tythes of the poore, &c. 
 
 Next vnto this is the small Parish Church of Saint Ethel- Parish church 
 burge virgin, and from thence some small distance is a large ^urge, 
 court called little S. Helens, because it pertained to the Nuns Priory of Saint 
 of Saint Helens, and was their house : there are seuen Almes Almesehouses. 
 roomes or houses for the poore, belonging to the companie of 
 Leathersellers. Then some what more West is another Court 
 with a winding lane, which commeth out agaynst the west ende 
 of Saint Andrew Vndershaft Church. In this court standeth 
 the church | of S. Helen, sometime a Priorie of blacke Nuns, Page jyj 
 
 and in the same a parish Church of Saint Helen. Parrish church 
 
 . . of b. Hellen. 
 
 This Priorie was founded before the raigne of Henrte the 
 
 third. William Basing Deane oi p aides was the first founder, 
 
 and was there buried, and William Basing one of the Shiriffes 
 
 of London, in the second yeare of Edward the second, was 
 
 holden also to be a founder, or rather an helper there : this 
 
 Priorie being valued at 314. pound two shillings sixe pence, 
 
 was surrendred the 25. of Nouember, the thirtie of Henrie 
 
 the eight, the whole Church, the partition betwixt the Nuns 
 
 Church, and Parish Church being taken downe, remaineth 
 
 now to the Parish, and is a faire Parish Church, but wanteth 
 
 such a steeple as Sir Thomas Gresham promised to haue 
 
 builded, in recompence of ground in their Church filled vp 
 
 with his monument. The Nuns hall and other housing 
 
 thereunto appertaining, was since purchased by the Companie Leathersellers 
 
 of the Lethersellers, and is their common Hall: which hall. 
 
172 
 
 Bishopsgate warde 
 
 Page iy4 
 
 Of Crosbies 
 
 companie was incorporate in tlie 21. yeare of Richard the 
 second. 
 
 In the Church of saint Helen, haue ye these monuments of 
 the dead : Thomas Langton Chaplain, buried in the Quire 
 1350. Adam Frances Maior 1354. Elizabeth Vennar, wife 
 to William Vennar Alderman, one of the Shirififes of London, 
 1401. loan daughter to Henrie Seamer, wife to Richard, 
 Sonne and heyre to Robert Lord Poynings, died a virgin 1420. 
 John Swinjlat 1420. Nicholas Marshall Ironmonger, Alder- 
 man, 1474. Sir loJin Crosby Alderman, 1475. and Anne his 
 wife, Thomas Williams Gentleman, 1495. loan Cocken wife 
 to lohn Cocken Esquire, 1509. Marie Orrell, wife to sir Lewes 
 Orrell knight, Henrie Sommer, and Katherine his wife, Walter 
 Huntington Esquire, lohn Langthorp Esquire, 1510. lohn 
 Gower steward of Saint Helens, 1512. Robert Rochester 
 Esquire, Sergeant of the Pantrie to Henrie the 8, sir William 
 Sanctlo, and sir William Sanctlo, father and sonne. Eleanor, 
 daughter to sir Thomas Butler Lord Sndley, lohn Southworth, 
 Nicholas Harpsfield Esquire, Thomas Sanderford, or Sommer- 
 ford Alderman, Alexander Cheyney, Walter Dawbeney, George 
 Fastolph, Sonne to Hngh Fastolph, Robert Liade, Thomas 
 Be\nolt alias Clarenciaidx, king at arms, 1534. William Hollis 
 Maior 1540, lohn Faiiconbridge Esquire, 1545. Hacket Gentle- 
 man of the Kinges Chappie, sir Andrew lud Maior, 1551. sir 
 William Pickering, and sir William Pickering, father and 
 Sonne, William Bond Alderman, 1567, sir Thomas Gresham 
 Mercer 1579. William Skegges Sargeant Poultar, Richard 
 Gresham, sonne to sir Thomas Gresham 1564. 
 
 Then haue ye one great house called Crosbie place, because 
 
 place, and of the same was builded by sir lohn Crosby Grocer, and Woolman 
 
 sir lohn ... 
 
 Crosbie. 1" place of certame ' Tenements, with their appurtenances letten 
 
 to him by Alice Ashfed Prioresse of saint Helens, and the 
 Couent for ninetie nine ^ yeares, from the yeare 1466. vnto the 
 yeare 1565. for the annuall rent of eleuen pound sixe shillings 
 8. pence. This house he builded of stone and timber, verie 
 large and beautifuU, and the highest at that time in London : 
 he was one of the Shirififes, and an Alderman in the yeare 
 
 ' certaine] 1^98 ; certaines 1603 
 
 ''■ nine] neene i6oj 
 
Bishopsgate warde 173 
 
 1470. knighted by Edivard the fourth, in the yere 147 1. and 
 deceased in the yeare 1475 so short a time enioyed hee that 
 his large and sumptuous building. He was buried in saint 
 Helens, the Parish Church, a fayre monument of him and his 
 Ladie is raysed there : he gaue towardes the reforming of that 
 Church fiue hundred Markes, which was bestowed with the 
 better, as appeareth by his Armes, both in the stone worke, 
 roofe of timber, and glasing. I holde it a fable saide of him, 
 to bee named Crosbie, of being found by a crosse, for I haue 
 read of other to haue that name of Crosbie before him, namely, 
 in the yeare 1406. the seuenth of Henrie the fourth, the sayde 
 King gaue to his seruant John Crosbie, the wardship of loan 
 daughter and sole heyre to lohn lordaine Fishmonger, &c. 
 This Crosbie might bee the Father, or Grandfather to sir lohn 
 Crosbie. 
 
 Richard Duke of Glocester, and Lord Protector, afterward 
 king by the name of Richard the third, was lodged in this 
 house : since the which time among other, Anthonie Bomdce 
 a rich Marchant of Italic dwelled there, after him Germain 
 Cioll: then William Bond Alderman increased this house in 
 height with building of a Turret on the top thereof: hee 
 deceased in the yeare 1576, and was buried in saint Helens 
 Church : diuers Ambassa|dors haue beene lodged there, namely Pagt lyj 
 in the yeare 1586. Henrie Ramelius Chauncellor of Denmarke, 
 Ambassadour vnto the Queenes Maiestie of England from 
 Fredericke the seconde, the King of Denmarke : an Ambassa- 
 dor of France, &c. sir lohn Spencer Alderman lately purchased 
 this house, made great reparations, kept his Maioralitie there, 
 and since builded a most large warehouse neare therevnto. 
 
 From this Crosbie place vp to Leaden hall corner, and so 
 
 downe Grassestreete, amongst other tenements, are diuerse 
 
 faire and large builded houses for Marchants, and such like. 
 
 Now for the other side of this warde, namely the right Water conduit 
 ... . r • . /- J -i. at Bishopsgate. 
 
 hande, hard by withm the gate is one faire water Conduite, 
 
 which Thomas Knesworth Maior, in the yere 1505. founded, 
 
 he gaue 60.I. the rest was furnished at the common charges of 
 
 the Citie. This Conduit hath since beene taken downe, and 
 
 new builded. Dauid Woodrooffe Alderman gaue twentie 
 
 poundes towardes the conuayance of more water therevnto. 
 
174 Bishopsgate loardc 
 
 From this Conduit haue ye amongst many faire Tenements, 
 diuerse fayre Innes, large for receipt of trauellers, and some 
 houses for men of worship, namely one most spatious of all 
 other thereabout, builded of Bricke and Timber, by sir Thomas 
 Sir Thomas Gresham, knight, who deceased in the yeare I579- ^"^ was 
 We blinded buried in saint Helens church, vnder a faire Monument by him 
 prepared in his life. He appoynted by his Testament, this house 
 to be made a Colledge of Readers as before is said in the 
 Chapter of schooles and houses of learning. 
 
 Somewhat west from this house is one other very faire 
 house, wherein sir William Hollies kept his Maioraltie, and 
 was buried in the Parish church of saint Helen. Sir Andrew 
 Sir Andrew lud also kept his Maioraltie there, and was buried at saint 
 houses! "^'"^^ Helens : hee builded Almeshouses for six poore Almes people 
 neare to the saide Parish Church, and gaue lands to the 
 Skinners, out of the which they are to giue 4. shillings euery 
 weeke, to the six poore Almes people, eight pence the peece, 
 and fiue and twentie shillings foure pence the yere in coales 
 amongst them for euer. 
 
 Alice Smith of London widdow, late wife of Thomas Smith 
 of the same Citty Esquier, and Customer of the Porte of 
 London, in her last Will and Testament bequeathed landes to 
 the valew of fifteen poundes by the yeare for euer, to the 
 Company of Skinners, for the augmenting of the pensions of 
 certaine poor, inhabiting in 8. Almes houses, erected by Sir 
 A7idrew Ind knight her father, in the parrish of great S. Helens 
 in Bishopsgate streete in London, shee hath also giuen in her 
 saide last will and Testament in other charitable vses, as to 
 the Hospitals and to the poore of other Parrishes and good 
 preachers, the some of 300.11. As also to the poore schollers 
 in the 2. Uniuersities of Oxford and Cambridge, the sum of 
 200 li. of which her last Will and Testament shee made her 
 sons Thomas Smith late Shiriffe of London, and Richard and 
 Robert Smith her Executors, who haue performed the same 
 according to her godly and charitable mind. 
 
 Then in the very west corner ouer against the East ende of 
 
 saint Martins Oteswich church (from whence the street windeth 
 
 towards the south) you had of olde time a faire well with two 
 
 Page iy6 buc|kets SO fastned, that the drawing vp of the one, let 
 
BisJiopsgate ivarde 175 
 
 downe the other, but now of late that well is turned into 
 a pumpe. 
 
 From this to the corner ouer against the Leaden hall, and 
 so downe Grasse streete, are many faire houses for Marchants, 
 and artificers, and many fayre Innes for trauellers, euen to the 
 corner where that ward endeth, ouer against Grasse church : 
 and thus much for this Bishops gate warde shall suffice : which 
 hath an Alderman, two Deputies, one without the gate, 
 another within, common counsellers six. Constables seuen, 
 Scauengers seuen, for Wardmote inquest thirteene, and 
 a Beedle : it is taxed to the fifteene at thirteene pound. 
 
 Brodestreete warde 
 
 i HE next is Brodestreete warde, which beginneth within Brodestreete 
 Bishopsgate, from the water conduit westward on both the ^^^'^'^^' 
 sides of the streete, by Alhallowes church to an Iron grate on 
 the channell which runneth into the water course of Walbrooke 
 before ye come to the Posterne called Mooregate : and this is 
 the farthest west part of that ward. Then haue ye Brodestreete, 
 whereof the ward taketh name, which stretcheth out of the 
 former street, from the East corner of Alhallowes churchyard, 
 somewhat South to the parish Church of saint Peter the 
 Poore on both sides, and then by the southgate of the Augus- 
 tine Friers west, downe Throkmorton streete by the Drapers 
 hall into Lothburie, to another grate of Iron ouer the channell 
 there, whereby the water runneth into the course of Wal- 
 brooke, vnder the East end of saint Margarets Church, 
 certaine posts of timber are there set vp : and this is also the 
 farthest west part of this ward, in the said street. Out of the 
 which streete runneth vp Bartholomew lane south to the north 
 side of the Exchange, then more East out of the former street 
 from ouer against the Friers Augustines church south gate, 
 runneth vp another part of Brodestreete, south to a Pumpe 
 ouer against Saint Bennets church. Then haue ye one other 
 streete | called Three needle streete, beginning at the Well with Page 777 
 two buckets, by saint Martins Otoswich Church wall. This Three Needle 
 streete runneth downe on both sides to Finkes lane, and halfe 
 way vp that lane, to a gate of a Marchants house on the West 
 
176 Brodestreete ivarde 
 
 side, but not so farre on the East, then the foresaid streete, 
 
 from this Finkes lane runneth downe by the Royall Exchange 
 
 to the Stockes, and to a place formerly called Scalding house, 
 
 or Scalding wicke, but now Scalding Alley, by the west side 
 
 whereof vnder the parish Church of saint Mildred runneth the 
 
 course of Walbrooke : and these bee the bounds of this warde. 
 
 Parish church Speciall monuments therein are these. First the parish church 
 
 in the waU*^^ °^ Alhallowes in the wall, so called of standing close to the 
 
 wal of the Citie, in which haue beene buried Thomas Durrem 
 
 Esquire, and Margaret his wife, Robert Beele Esquire 1601. 
 
 On the other side of that streete, amongest many proper 
 
 Carpenters houses possessed for the most part by Curriers is the Car- 
 hall. ,,,,., . ^ . . . , 
 
 penters hall, which companie was mcorporated m the 17. 
 
 yeare of king Edward the fourth. 
 
 Curryers rowc. Then East from the Curriers row, is a long and high wall of 
 stone, inclosing the north side of a large Garden adioyning to 
 as large an house, builded in the raigne of king Henrie the 
 eight, and of Edward the sixt, by sir William Powlet, Lord 
 Treasurer of England : through this Garden, which of olde 
 time consisted of diuerse parts, now vnited, was sometimes a 
 
 Lane stopped faire foote way, leading by the west end of the Augtistine 
 
 ^^' Friers church straight North, and opened somewhat West 
 
 from Alhallowes Church against London wall towardes More- 
 
 Footeway gate, which footeway had gates at either end locked vp euery 
 
 stopped vp. night, but now the same way being taken into those Gardens, 
 the gates are closed vp with stone, whereby the people are 
 forced to go about by saint Peters church, and the East end 
 of the said Friers Church, and all the saide great place and 
 
 Sir William Garden of sir William Powlet to London wall, and so to 
 
 ?°^l«'' Moregate. 
 
 L. Ireasurer, ° 
 
 his house. This great house adioyning to the Garden aforesaid, stretch- 
 
 lirodestreet. ^^j^ ^^ ^j^^ North corner of Brodestreete, and then turneth vp 
 Brodestreete all that side to and beyond the East end of 
 the saide Friers church. It was builded by the said Lord 
 Treasurer in place of Augustine Friers house, cloyster, and 
 Page iis gardens, &c. The Friers | Church he pulled not downe, but 
 the West end thereof inclosed from the steeple, and Quier, 
 was in the yeare 1550. graunted to the Dutch Nation in 
 London, to be their preaching place : the other part, namely 
 
Bfodestreete ivarde 177 
 
 the steeple, Quier and side Isles to the Quier adioyning, he 
 reserued to housholde vses, as for stowage of come, coale, and 
 other things, his sonne and heyre Marques of Winchester sold 
 the Monuments of noble men there buried in great number, 
 the pauing stone, and whatsoeuer (which cost many thousands) 
 for one hundred pound, and in place thereof made fayre 
 stabling for horses. He caused the Leade to be taken from 
 the roofes, and laid tile in place, which exchange prooued 
 not so profitable as he looked for, but rather to his dis- 
 aduauntage. 
 
 On the East side of this Brodestreete amongst other build- Sir Thomas 
 ings, on the backe part of Gresham house, which is in Bishops aimesliouses. 
 gate streete, be placed eight proper almes houses, builded of 
 Bricke and timber by sir Thomas Gresham knight, for eight 
 Almes men, which be now there placed rent free, and receiue 
 each of them by his gift sixe pounde, thirteene shillinges foure 
 pence yearely for euer. 
 
 Next vnto Paivlet house, is the Parish Church of saint Parish chnrch 
 Peter the Poore, so called for a difference from other of that Z,^^-^^'^ ^"^^ 
 name, sometime peraduenture a poore Parish, but at this 
 present there be many fayre houses, possessed by rich 
 marchants and other. Buried in this Church, Richard Fitz- 
 ivilliams Marchant Tayler, 1520. sir William Roch Maior, 
 1540. Martin Calthrope Maior, 1588. 
 
 Then next haue ye the Augtistin Friers Church, and Church Frier Augus- 
 
 . , , -n I tines Church 
 
 yard, the entrmg there vnto, by a southgate, to the west Porch, part whereof 
 a large Church, hauing a most fine spired steeple, small, high, is the Dutch 
 and streight, I haue not scene the like : founded by Humfrey 
 Boliun Earle of Hereford and Essex, in the yeare 1253. 
 Reginald Cobham gaue his messuage in London to the 
 enlarging thereof, in the yeare 1344. Humfrey Bohim Earle 
 of Hereford and Essex, reedified this Church in the yeare 
 1354. whose bodie was there buried in the Quier. The small 
 spired steeple of this Church was ouerthrowne by tempest of 
 wind, in the yeare 1362. but was raised of new as now it 
 standeth to the beautifying of the Citie. This | house was Fag^ '19 
 valued at 57. pound, and was surrendred the 12. of Nouember 
 the thirtieth of Henry the eight. 
 
 There 13'e buried in this Fryers church, amongst others. 
 
178 Brodestreete warde 
 
 Edinond first sonne to loan, mother to king Richard the 
 seconde, Guy de Mericke Earle of S. Paule, Lucie Countes of 
 Kent, and one of the Heyres of Barnabie Lorde of Millaine, 
 with an Epitaph, Dame Ide wife to Sir Thomas West, Dame 
 Margaret West, Stephen Lindericle Esquier, Sir Humfrey 
 Bohun Earle of Hereford and Essex, Lord of Brekenake, 
 Richard the great Earle of Arundell, Surrey and Warren, 
 beheaded, 1397. Sir Edward Arundell, and Dame Elizabeth 
 his wife. Sir Frauncis Atcourt, Earle of Pembrooke, which 
 married Alice sister to the Earle of Oxeford : Dame Lucie 
 Knowles of Kent, Sir Peter Garinsers of France, the Lord 
 lohn Vere Earle of Oxeford, beheaded on the Tower Hill, 
 1463. Aubry de Vere sonne and heire to the Earle of Oxeford, 
 Sir Thomas Tudnam Knight, William Bourser, Lord Fits 
 Warren, Sir Thomas de la Lande Knight, Dame loan Noris 
 the Ladie of Bedforde, Anne daughter to lohn Vicount Welles, 
 Walter Neuell Esquier, Sir lohn Manners Knight, the wife of 
 Sir Dauid Cradocke Knight, the mother to the Lord Spencers 
 wife, Sir Bartlemew Rodlegate, John sonne to Sir lohn Wing- 
 field, Sir Walter Mewes, Robert Newenton Esquier, Philip 
 Spencer sonne to Sir Hugh Spencer, Dame Isabell daughter to 
 Sir Hugh. The Lorde Barons slaine at Barnet field, buried 
 there, 1471. In the body of the church, Dame Iidian wife to 
 Sir Richard Lade, Sir Thomas Courtney sonne to the Earle of 
 Deuonshire, and by him his sister, wedded to Cheuersione, the 
 Daughter of the Lorde Beamont, two sonnes of Sir Thomas 
 Morley to wit William and Raph, Sir William Talmagc 
 Knight, Nicholas Blondell Esquier, Sir Richard Chamberlaine, 
 lohn Halton Gentleman, Sir Lohn Gifford Knight, Thomas 
 Manningham Esquier, Sir William Kenude Knight, Sir 
 William sonne to Sir Thomas Terill, lohn Surell Gentleman. 
 In the East Wing Margaret Barentin Gentlewoman, lohn 
 Spicer Esquier, and Letis his wife, Lohn le Percers Esquier, 
 Page iSo Roger Chibary Esquier, Peter Morens \ Esquier, Thomas 
 sonne to Sir William Beckland, Lames Cuthing Esquier, lohn 
 Chornet Esquier, William Kenley Esquier, Margery wife to 
 Thomas Band and daughter to lohn Huch, the Lorde William 
 Marques of Barkeley and Earle of Nottingham, and Dame 
 loane his wife. In the West Wing Sir lohn Tirrill, and 
 
Brodestreete warde 179 
 
 Dame Katherim his wife, Sir Walter of Powle Knight, Sir 
 lohn Blanckwell and his wife. Dame lane Sayne, daughter to 
 Sir lohti Lee, Sir lohn Dawbeny, sonne and heyre to Sir Giles 
 Dawbeny, William sonne to Sir Roger Scroope, Dame loan 
 Dawbeny wife to Sir William Dawbeny, Thomas Charles 
 Esquier, sir lohn Dawbeny knight, and his sonne Robert, sir 
 lames Bell Knight, sir Oliiier Manny Knight, Henrie Deskie 
 Esquier, sir Diones Mordaske, sir Bernard Rolingcort, sir Peter 
 Kayor, sir William Tirell, sir William his brother knightes, 
 William Collingborne Esquier beheaded, T484. sir Roger 
 Clifford knight, sir Thomas Coke Mayor in the yeare 1462. 
 William Edward Mayor 1471. sir lames Tirell, sir lohn 
 Windany knights, beheaded 1502. sir lohn Dawtrie knight, 
 1519. Dame Margaret Rede, 1510. Edward Duke of 
 Buckingham, beheaded 1521. Gwiskard Earle of Huntington. 
 
 On the south side and at the West end of this Church, many Throgmorton 
 fayre houses are builded, namely in Throgmorton streete, one ^"^"'^• 
 very large and spacious, builded in the place of olde and small 
 Tenementes by Thomas Cromwell Maister of the kinges T. Cromwell 
 lewell house, after that Maister of the Rols, then Lord '''^ ^°"'^- 
 Cromwell knight, Lord priuie scale, Vicker Generall, Earle of 
 Essex, high Chamberlaine of England, &c. This house being 
 finished, and hauing some reasonable plot of ground left for 
 a Garden, hee caused the pales of the Gardens adioyning to 
 the northe parte thereof on a sodaine to bee taken downe, 32. 
 foot to bee measured forth right into the north of euery mans 
 ground, a line there to bee drawne, a trench to be cast, 
 a foundation laid, and a high bricke Wall to bee builded. My 
 Father had a Garden there, and an house standing close to his 
 south pale, this house they lowsed from the ground, & bare 
 vpon Rowlers into my Fathers Garden 22. foot, ere my Father 
 heard thereof, no warning was giuen him, nor other an|swere, page iSi 
 when hee spake to the surueyers of that worke, but that their 
 Mayster sir Thomas commaunded them so to doe, no man 
 durst go to argue the matter, but each man lost his land, and 
 my Father payde his whole rent, which was vi.s. viii.d. the 
 yeare, for that halfe which was left. Thus much of mine owne 
 knowledge haue I thought good to note, that the suddaine 
 rising of some men, causeth them to forget themselues. 
 
 N 4 
 
i8o 
 
 Brodestreete warde 
 
 The Diapers 
 Hall. 
 
 The Drapers 
 arraes. 
 
 Lethbnry, or 
 Lothbury. 
 Bartholomew 
 lane. 
 
 Abbot of S. 
 
 Albons his 
 
 Innes. 
 
 S. Anthonies 
 
 schoole. 
 
 Three needle 
 streete. 
 
 S. Martins 
 Oteswich a 
 parish church, 
 Page 182 
 
 The Company of the Drapers in London bought this house, 
 and now the same is their common Hall, this Company 
 obtayned of king Henry the sixt, in the seauenteenth of his 
 raigne to bee incorporate, lohn Gidney was chosen to bee their 
 first Maister, and the foure Wardens were, /. Wotton, I. 
 Barbie, Robert Breton, and T. Cooke. The Armes graunted 
 to the said Company by sir William Bridges Knight, first 
 Gartier king at Armes in Blason are thus : Three sunne 
 Beames issuing out of three clowdes of flame, crowned with 
 three Crownes imperials of gold, vpon a shield azure. From 
 this hall on the same side down to the grates and course of 
 Walbrook haue ye diuers faire houses for marchantes and 
 other, from the which grates backe againe on the other side is 
 Lethbury^, so called in Record of Edward the third, the 38. 
 yeare, and now corruptly called Lothbury, are candlesticke 
 founders placed, till yee come to Bartholomew lane, so called 
 of S. Bartholomewes church, at the southeast corner thereof. 
 In this lane also are diuers faire builded houses on both sides, 
 and so likewise haue ye in the other street, which stretcheth 
 from the Fryers Augustins south gate, to the corner ouer 
 against S. Bennets Church. In this street amongst other 
 fayre buildings the most ancient was of old time an house 
 pertayning to the Abbot of S. Albons, lohn Catcher 
 Alderman now dwelleth there : then is the free schoole per- 
 tayning to the late dissolued Hospitall of saint Anthony, 
 whereof more shall bee shewed in an other place, and so vppe 
 to Three Needle streete. On the south parte of which streete, 
 beginning at the East, by the Well with two Buckets, now 
 turned to a Pumpe, is the Parrish Church of saint Martin called 
 Oteswich, of Martin de Oteswich, Nicholas de Oteswich, 
 William Oteswich, & lohn Oteswich founders thereof. There 
 bee monumentes in this Church, of William Constan\tine 
 Alderman, and Emme his wife, Katherine wife to Benedick 
 Augustine, 'Sax William Drifield knight, lohn Oteswich and his 
 wife vnder a fayre monument on the south side, lohn Church- 
 man one of the Shiriffes, in the yeare 1385. Richarde Naylor 
 Taylor, Alderman, 1483. lavies Falleron, lohn Melchborne, 
 
 ^ Lethbury] i^qS \ Lothbury 1603 
 
Brodestreete warde i8i 
 
 Thomas Hey and Ellen his wife, William Clitherozv & Margaret 
 
 his wife, Oliuer and William sons to lohn Woodroffe esquier, 
 
 Hugh Pemberton Taylor, Alderman, 1500. & Katherine his 
 
 wife, Mathew Pemberton Marchant Taylor about 1514. he 
 
 gaue 50. pound to the repayring of S. Lawrence Chappel. 
 
 The aforesaid lohn Churchman for William and lohn Otesivich 
 
 by licence of Henry the fourth, the 6. of his raigne gaue the 
 
 aduowson or Patronage of this church, foure messuages, & 17. 
 
 shops with the appurtenances in the parrish of S. Martins 
 
 Oteswich, &c. to the Maister and Wardens of Taylors and 
 
 linnen armorers, keepers of the Guild and fraternity of S. lohn 
 
 Baptist in London, and to their successors in perpetuall almes, Taylers and 
 
 to bee employed on the poore Brethren and sisters, whereupon re"s^their'a°ms 
 
 adioyning vnto the West end of this parish churchj the said houses in 
 
 a . . M . 1 . 1 1 Brodestreete 
 
 maister & wardens builded about a proper quadrant or squared ^arde : looke 
 
 court, seauen almeshouses, wherein they placed seauen almes "P"'^ '" ^°''" 
 
 •' '^ sokenward. 
 
 men of that company, and their wiues (if they had wiues) each 
 of these 7. of old time had xiiii.d. the weeke, but now of later 
 time their stipend by the said maister and Wardens hath 
 beene augmented to the summe of xxvi.s. the quarter, which 
 is V. pound iiii.s. the yeare to each of them, besides coales : 
 more, to each of them xx.s. the yeare by gift of Walter Fish 
 sometime mayster of that Company and Taylor to her 
 Maiestie. 
 
 Some small distance from thence is the Merchant Taylors Taylers and 
 hal pertayning to the Guilde and fraternity of S. lohn Baptist, g^g hall, 
 time out of mind called of Taylors and linnen armourers of Antiquitie of 
 
 the Taylers 
 
 London, for I find that King Edward the first in the 38 of feast by au- 
 his raigne confirmed this Guild by the name of Taylors and ^°^^^^|^ ,„ 
 linnen armourers, and also gaue to the brethren thereof trauaile for the 
 authority euery yeare at midsommer to hold a feast, and to catiermastlr 
 choose vnto them a gouernour, or Mayster with wardens : purueyers of 
 
 . , alms now 
 
 whereupon the same yeare 1300. on the feast day ot the caUed War- 
 natiuitie of Saint Tohn Baptist, they chose Henry de Ryall to dens, 
 be their pilgrim, for the maister of this miste|rie (as one that Page iSj 
 trauelled for the whole companie) was then so called vntil the 
 II. of Richard the second : and the foure wardens were then 
 called Purueyors of almes, (now called quarterage) of the said 
 fraternitie. This Marchant Taylers hall sometime pertaining 
 
1 82 Brodestreete ivarde 
 
 Taylers pur- to a worshipful gentleman named Edmond Crepin, Dominus 
 chase theirhal. ^^^^^-^^ ^f^g^ ^^^^ Record, he in the yere of Christ 1331 the 
 sixt oi Edward ihz third, for a certaine summe of money to 
 him paid, made his grant thereof by the name of his principall 
 messuage in the wardes of Cornehill and Brodestreete, which 
 sir Oliuer Ingham knight did then hold, to lohn of Yakley 
 the kinges Pauilion maker. This was called the new hal, or 
 Taylers Inne, for a difference from their olde hall, which was 
 aboute the backe side of the red Lion in Basing lane, and in 
 the ward of Cordwayner streete. 
 Taylers hall. The 21. of Edward the fourth, Thomas Holme, alias Claren- 
 ciatdx king of Armes for the south part of England, granted 
 by his pattents to the said fraternitie and guild of Saint lohn 
 baptist, of Taylers and linnen Armourers, to beare in a field 
 siluer, a Pauilion betweene two mantels imperial, purple, 
 The marchant garnished with gold, in a chiefe Azure an holy Lambe, set 
 taylers armes. ^vithin a sunnc, the creast vpon the helme, a pauilion purple 
 garnished with gold, &c. After this king Henrie the seuenth, 
 being himselfe a brother of this fraternitie, or Guild of Saint 
 lohn Baptist, of Taylers or linnen Armourers (as diuerse other 
 his predecessors kinges before him had beene, to wit, Richard 
 the thirde, Edward the fourth, Henrie the sixt, Henrie the 
 Taylers & lin- fift, Henrie the fourth, and Richard the second). And for that 
 incorpOTat"^ diuerse of that fraternitie had time out of minde beene great 
 marchant marchants, and had frequented all sortes of marchandises into 
 most partes of the worlde, to the honour of the kinges realme, 
 and to the great profite of his subiects, & of his progenitors! 
 and the men of the said misterie during the time aforesaid, 
 had exercised the buying and selling of all wares and mar- 
 chandises, especially of woollen cloth, as well in grosse, as by 
 retaile, throughout all this realme of England, and chiefly 
 within the said Citie, therefore he of his especiall grace did 
 change, transferre, and translate the Guilde aforesaide, and 
 did incorporate them into the name of the master and Wardens 
 Page 1S4 of the Marchant Taylers of the fraternitie | of Saint lohi 
 
 Baptist, in the Citie of London. 
 Finke lane. Some distance West from this the Marchant Taylers hall is 
 
 Finkes lane, so called of Robert Einke, and Robert Finke his 
 Sonne, lames Finke, and Rosamond Finke. Robert Finke the 
 
Brodestreete wanie 183 
 
 elder new builded the parish Church of Saint Bennet commonly- 
 called Fink of the founder, his tenements were both of S. 
 Bennets parish, and saint Martins Oteswich parish : the one 
 halfe of this Finke lane is of Brodestreete warde, to wit, on 
 the West side vp to the great and principall house wherein 
 the saide Finke dwelled : but on the other side, namely the 
 East, not so much towards Cornhill. Then without this lane 
 in the foresaid Three needle streete, is the said parish Church 
 of S. Bennet, a proper Church, in which are these monuments Parish church 
 of the dead. Robert Simson, and Elizabeth his wife, Roger Ymie.^™^^ 
 Strange Esquire, Treresse, William Coolby, lohn Frey, Thomas 
 Briar Plummar^ 1410, &c. 
 
 Some distance west is the Royall Exchaunge, whereof more 
 shall be spoken in the warde of Cornhill, and so downe to the 
 little Conduit, called the pissing Conduit, by the Stockes 
 Market, and this is the southside of Three needle streete. 
 
 On the northside of this street from ouer against the East 
 corner of S. Martins Oteswich Church haue yee diuerse faire 
 and large houses til you come to the hospital of S. Anthonie, Hospitall of 
 sometime a Cell to saint Anthonies of Vienna. For I reade sometime a 
 that King Henrie the third granted to the brotherhood of Synagogue of 
 
 ° ° ,. ,^^ lewes. 
 
 saint Anthonie of Vienna, a place amongst the lewes, which patent record. 
 was sometime their Sinagogue, and had beene builded by 
 them about the yeare 1231, but the Christians obtained of the 
 king, that it should be dedicated to our blessed Ladie, and 
 since, an hospitall being there builded, was called saint An- 
 thonies in London: it was founded in the parish of saint 
 Bennet Finke, for a Master, two Priests, one schoolemaster 
 and 13. poore men : after which foundation, amongst other 
 things was giuen to this Hospitall one messuage and Garden, 
 whereon was builded the faire large free schoole, and one other 
 parcell of ground containing 37. foote in length, and 18. foote Free Schoole 
 in breadth, whereon was builded the Almes houses of hard °[Ji,^;j^'^d! 
 stone and timber, in the raigne of Henrie the 6. which said Almeshouses 
 Henrie the 6. in the 20. of his raigne, gaue vnto lohn Carpentar tniided. °°'^^ 
 doctor of Diuinitie ma|ster of saint Anthonies Hospitall, and pageiSy 
 to his brethren, and their successors for euer, his Mannor of Gift of Henry 
 Poinington, with the appurtenances, with certaine pencions Anthonies.'" 
 and portions of Milburne, Burnworth, Charlton, and vp Wim- 
 
184 Brodestreete warde 
 
 ,boine, in the Countie of Southampton, towards the main- 
 tenance of fiue schollers in the Universitie of Oxford, to be 
 brought vp in the facultie of Artes, after the rate of ten pence 
 the weeke for euerie scholler : so that the sayde schollers be 
 first instructed in the rudiments of Grammar at the Colledge 
 of Eaton, founded by the said king. 
 
 In the yeare 1474. Edivard the fourth granted to Williajn 
 Say, Batchler of Diuinitie, maister of the said Hospitall, to 
 haue Priests, Clarkes, schollers, poore men, and brethren of 
 the same, Clarks, or lay men, Queresters, Procters, messengers, 
 seruants in houshold, and other things whatsoeuer, like as the 
 Prior, and Couent of saint Anthonies of Vienna, &c. Hee 
 also annexed, vnited, and appropriated the said Hospital, vnto 
 the Collegiate Church of saint George in Windsore. 
 
 The Procters of this house were to collect the beneuolence 
 of charitable persons, towards the building and supporting 
 thereof. And amongst other things obserued in my youth, I 
 rememberthat theOfficers charged with ouersight of theMarkets 
 in this Citie, did diuers times take from the Market people pigs 
 sterued,or otherwise vnholsome for man's sustenance, these they 
 s. Anthonies slit in the eare : one of the Proctors for saint Anthonies tyed 
 thr/ungue ^ •^^^' about the necke, and let it feede on the Dunguehils, no 
 hilles. man would hurt, or take them vp, but if any gaue to them 
 
 bread, or other feeding, such would they know, watch for, and 
 dayly follow, whining till they had some what giuen them : 
 whereupon was raysed a prouerbe, such a one will follow such 
 a one, and whine as it were an Anthonie pig : but if such a pig 
 grew to be fat, & came to good liking (as oft times they did) 
 then the Proctor would take him vp to the vse of the 
 Hospitall. 
 
 In the yeare 1499, sir lohn Tate, sometime Alebrewer, then 
 a Mercer, caused his Brewhouse called the swan neere adioyn- 
 ing to the sayd free Chappell, Colledge, or Hospitall of saint 
 Anthonie, to be taken downe for the enlarging of the Church, 
 which was then newly builded, toward the building whereof 
 Page 186 the said Tate gaue | great summes of money, and finished it 
 in the yeare 1501. Sir lohn Tate deceased 1514. and was 
 there buried vnder a fayre monument by him prepared, 
 Doctor Tayler maister of the Rols, and other. 
 
Brodestreete ivardc 185 
 
 Walter Champion Draper, one of the Shiriffes of London 
 1529. was buried there, and gaue to the Beadmen twentie 
 pound. The landes by yeare of this Hospitall were valued in 
 the 37. yeare of Henrie the eight to bee fiftie fiue pound, sixe 
 shillings eight pence. 
 
 One Johnson (a Schoolemaster of the famous freescoole Schoole mas- 
 there) became a Prebend of Windsor, and then by little and Ihonies 111^66 
 little followed the spoyle of this Hospitall : he first dissolued Prebend of 
 the Quire, conueyed the plate and ornaments, then the bels, spoyied the 
 and lastly put out the Almes men from their houses, appoint- schoole and 
 ing them portions of twelue pence the weeke to each (but now 
 I heare of no such matter performed) their houses with other 
 be letten out for rent, and the Church is a preaching place for 
 the French nation. 
 
 This Schoole was commaunded in the raigne of Henry the 
 sixt, and sithence also ^ aboue other, but now decayed, and 
 come to nothing, by taking that from it what thereunto 
 belonged. 
 
 Next is the parish Church of Saint Bartholomeiv, at the end Parish chnrch 
 of Bartlemew lane. Thomas Pike Alderman, with the assist- °hoiomevv"" 
 ance of Nicholas Yoo, one of the Shiriffes of London, about 
 the yeare 1438. new builded this Church, Sir John Fray knight 
 was buried there, Margerie his daughter and heyre, wife to 
 sir lohn Lepington knight, founded there a Chauntery the 21. 
 of Edward the fourth. Alderban a Gascoyne was buried 
 there: sir Wil. Capell Maior, 1509. added vnto this Church 
 a proper chappell on the South side thereof, and was buried 
 there : sir Giles Cappell was also buried there : lames Wilford 
 Tayler, one of the shiriffes 1499. appoynted by his Testament 
 a Doctor of Diuinitie euerie good Fryday for euer, to preach 
 there a Sermon of Christes passion, from 6. of the clocke, till 
 8. before noone, in the said church. To. Wilford marchant 
 tailer. Alderman, 1544. sir lames Wilford, 1550. sir George 
 Barne Maior, 1552. lohn Dent, Miles Conerdale Bi. of Excester, 
 Thomas Dancer & Anne his wife.| 
 
 Then lower downe towards the Stocks Market, is the parish Page iSy 
 
 Church of Saint Christopher, but reedified of new : for Richard of s! Christo- 
 pher. 
 
 ' also] 1S9S 
 
1 86 Brodestreete warde 
 
 Shore one of the shiriffes 1506. gaue money towards the 
 building of the steeple. There lie buried Richard Sheritigton, 
 139a. who gaue landes to that Church, the Ladie Margaret 
 Norford 1406. lohn Clauering 1421, who gaue lands therevnto, 
 lohn Gidney'^ Draper, Maior, 1437. This Gidney'^ in the yeare 
 An Alderman 1 444. wedded the widdow o{ Robert Large late Maior, which 
 to penan°e by' widdow had taken the Mantell and ring, and the vow to liue 
 the Clargie chast to God tcarme of her life, for the breach whereof, the 
 a widow pro- rnarriage done they were troubled by the Church, and put to 
 *^h^*tV° penance, both he and she. William Hampton Maior, 1473. 
 was a great benefactor, and glased some of the church win- 
 dowes. sir William Martin Maior, 1492. Roger Achley Maior, 
 151 1, hee dwelt in Cornehill warde, in a house belonging to 
 Cobham Colledge, rented by the yeare 26. shillings, 8. pence, 
 Robert Thome Marchant Tayler, a Batchler, 153a. he gaue by 
 his Testament in charitie, more then 4445. pounds : John 
 Norryholme, Raph Batte, Alice Perciuall, lane Drew, William 
 Borresbie, lohn Broke, Richard Sutton, William Batte, lames 
 Well, Henrie Beacher Alderman, 1570. 
 Scaidinghonse West from this Church haue ye Skalding Alley, of old time 
 wicke. called Scalding house, or Scalding wike, because that ground 
 
 for the most part was then imployed by Poulterers that 
 dwelled in the high streete, from the Stocks market to the 
 great Conduit. Their poultrie which they sold at their stalles 
 were scalded there, the street doth yet beare the name 
 of the Poultrie, and the Poulterers are but lately departed 
 from thence into other streets, as into Grasse street, and the 
 ends of saint Nicholas flesh shambles. This Skalding Wike 
 is the farthest west part of Brodestreete warde, and is by the 
 water called Walbrooke parted from Cheap ward : this Brode- 
 streete warde hath an Alderman, with his Deputie, common 
 Counsellors ten, Constables ten, Scauengers eight. Wardmote 
 inquest thirteene, and a Beedle. It is taxed to the fifteene, in 
 London at seuen and twentie pound, and accounted in the 
 Exchequer after twentie fiue pound. | 
 
 * Gidney] Tjpi'; Godnay /doy 
 
Covnehill warde 187 
 
 Cornehill warde Pagei&s 
 
 1 HE next warde towards the south, is Cornehill warde, so Comhill ward, 
 called of a corne Market, time out of minde there holden, and 
 is a part of the principall high streete, beginning at the west 
 end of Leaden hall, stretching downe west on both the sides 
 by the south end of Finks lane, on the right hand, and by the 
 North ende of Birchouers lane, on the left part, of which lanes, 
 to wit, to the middle of them, is of this warde, and so downe 
 to the Stockes market, and this is the bounds. The vpper 
 or East part of this warde, and also a part of Limestreete 
 warde, hath beene (as I saide) a market place, especially for 
 Corne, and since for all kinds of victuals, as is partly shewed 
 in Limestreete warde. It appeareth of record, that in the yeare 
 1532. the Rippers of Rye and other places solde their fresh fish 
 in Leaden hall Market, vpon Cornehill, but forraine Butchers 
 were not admitted there to sell flesh, till the yeare 1533. and 
 it was enacted that Butchers should sell their beefe not aboue 
 a halfe pennie the pound, and mutton halfepennie halfe Fleshmarket 
 farthing : which act being deuised for the great commoditie of and alteration 
 the Realme (as it was then thought,) hath since proued farre of prices in a 
 other wayes, for before that time a fat Oxe was solde at 
 London, for sixe and twentie shillings eight pence, at the 
 most, a fat Weather for three shillings foure pence, a fat Calfe 
 the like price, a fat Lambe for twelue pence, peeces of beefe 
 weighed two pounds and a halfe, at the least, yea three pounds 
 or better, for a pennie on euerie Butchers stall in this Citie : 
 and of those peeces of beefe thirteene or fourteene for twelue 
 pence, fat Mutton for eight pence the quarter, and one hundred 
 weight of beefe for foure shillings eight pence, at the dearest. 
 What the price is now, I need not to set downe, many men 
 thought the same act to rise in price, by meane that Grasiers 
 knewe or supposed what weight euery their beastes contained, 
 and so raising their price thereafter, the Butcher could be no 
 gayner, but by likewise raysing his price. The number of 
 Butchers then in the Citie and suburbs, was accounted | sixe Page iS^ 
 score, of which euerie one killed 6. Oxen a peece weekely, 
 which is in fortie sixe weekes. 3120. Oxen, or 720. Oxen 
 
i88 
 
 Cornehill warde 
 
 Standarde of 
 Thames water 
 by I^eaden 
 hall. 
 
 The highest 
 ground of the 
 City of Lon- 
 don. 
 
 The Tunne 
 vpon Cornhill 
 a prison house 
 for night 
 walkers. 
 
 Temporall 
 men punish 
 spirituall per- 
 sons for 
 incontinency. 
 Page i^o 
 
 weekly. The forrein Butchers for a long time stoode in the 
 high street of Limestreete warde on the north side, twise euery 
 weeke, vz. Wednesday, and Saturday, and were some gaine to 
 the tenants before whose doores they stood, and into whose 
 houses they set their blockes and stalles, but that aduantage 
 being espied, they were taken into Leden hall, there to pay 
 for their standing to the Chamber of London. This much 
 for the Market vpon Cornehill, 
 
 The chiefe ornaments in Cornehill warde are these. First 
 at the East ende thereof, in the middle of the high streete, 
 and at the parting of foure wayes, haue ye a water standard, 
 placed in the yeare 1583. in maner following. A certaine 
 German named Peter Morris, hauing made an artificial Forcier 
 for that purpose, conueyed Thames water in Pipes of Leade, 
 ouer the steeple of Saint Magmis Church, at the north end 
 of London bridge, and from thence into diuerse mens houses 
 in Thames street, new fish streete, and Grasse streete, vp to 
 the northwest corner of Leaden hall, the highest ground of 
 all the Citie, where the waste of the maine pipe rising into 
 this standarde, (prouided at the charges of the Citie) with 
 foure spoutes did at euery tyde runne (according to couenant) 
 foure wayes, plentifully seruing to the commoditie of the 
 inhabitants neare adioyning in their houses, and also cleansed 
 the Chanels of the streete towarde Bishopsgate, Aldgate, the 
 bridge, and the Stocks Market, but now no such matter, 
 through whose default I know not. 
 
 Then haue ye a faire Conduit, of sweete water, castellated 
 in the middest of that warde and street. This Conduit was 
 first builded of stone, in the yeare 1283. by Henry Walks, 
 Maior of London, to be a prison for night walkers, and other 
 suspicious persons, and was called the Tunne vpon Cornehill, 
 because the same was builded somewhat in fashion of a Tunne 
 standing on the one ende. 
 
 To this prison the night watches of this Citie committed 
 not onely night walkers, but also other persons, as well 
 spirituall as temporall, whom they suspected of incontinencie, 
 and punished | them according to the customs of this Citie, 
 but complaint thereof being made, about the yeare of Christ 
 1297. king Edward the first writeth to his Citizens thus. 
 
Cornehill warde 189 
 
 Edivard by the grace of God, &c. Whereas Richard Graues- The Bishop 
 end Bishop of London, hath shewed vnto vs, that by the xh^'^Tnl ^r- 
 great Charter of England, the Church hath a priuiledge, that biddeth the 
 no Clarke should be imprisoned by a lay man without our the ckrgie" 
 commandement, and breach of peace, which notwithstanding ™^"- 
 some Citizens of London vpon meere spite doe enter in their 
 watches into Clarkes chambers, and like fellons carrie them 
 to the Tunne, which Henrie le W alleys sometime Maior built for 
 night walkers, wherefore we will that this our commaundement 
 be proclaymed in a full hoystings, and that no watch hereafter 
 enter into any Clarkes Chamber, vnder the forfeyt of 20. pound. 
 Dated at Carlile the 18. of March, the 25. of our raigne. 
 
 More, I reade that about the yeare of Christ 1299. ^^^ ^7- Citizens of 
 of Edivard the first, certaine principall Citizens of London, ^p t^e Tunne 
 to wit, T. Romaue, Richard Gloucester, Nicholas Farin£;do>i,''i'°°^°^'^^^^^> 
 Adam Helingburie, T. Saly, lolui Dunstable, Richard Ashwy, from thence, 
 lohn Wade and William Stortford, brake vp this P"son ^^'^I'^J^J^;;^ 
 called the Tunne, and tooke out certaine prisoners, for the fact. 
 which they were sharpely punished by long imprisonment, and 
 great fines. It cost the Citizens (as some haue written) more 
 then 20000. markes, which they were amerced in, before 
 William de March Treasurer of the kings Exchequer, to 
 purchase the kings fauour, and confirmation of their liberties. 
 
 Also that in the yeare 1383. the seuenth of Richard the 2. Th. Walsing. 
 the Citizens of London, taking vpon them the rights that 
 belonged to their Bishops, first imprisoned such women as Citizens of 
 were taken in fornication or aduouterie, in the saide Tunne, p^jshedfomi- 
 and after bringing them forth to the sight of the worlde, they cation &adul- 
 
 .... , , r ,1 r .1 terie in Pnests 
 
 caused their heads to be shauen, after the maner of theeves, ^^d other 
 whom they named appellators, and so to be led about the without par- 
 Citie in sight of all the inhabitants, with Trumpets and pipes 
 sounding before them, that their persons might be the more 
 largely knowne, neither did they spare such kinde of men 
 a whit the more, but vsed them as hardly, saying, they 
 abhorred not onely the negligence of their Prelates, | but also Page igi 
 detested their auarice, that studying for mony, omitted the 
 punishment limitted by law, and permitted those that were 
 found guiltie, to Hue fauourably in their sinne \ Wherefore 
 ' by their fines 1633 
 
190 
 
 Cornehill warde 
 
 Priests pun- 
 ished in the 
 Tunne vpon 
 Cornehill 
 forced to for- 
 sweare this 
 Citie. 
 
 A Priest pun- 
 ished for 
 lecherie. 
 
 Page j^2 
 
 they would themselues, they sayd, purge their Citie from such 
 filthinesse, least through God's vengeance, either the pestilence 
 or sworde should happen to them, or that ^ the earth should 
 swallow them. Last of all to be noted, I reade in the charge 
 of the Wardmote inquest in euerie warde of this Citie, these 
 wordes. If there be any priest in seruice within the warde, 
 which before time hath beene set in the Tunne in Cornehill 
 for his dishonestie, and hath forsworne the Citie, all such shall 
 be presented. Thus much for the Tunne in Cornehill haue 
 I read. Now for the punishment of Priests in my youth, one 
 note and no more. lohn Atwod Draper, dwelling in the 
 parish of Saint Michaell vpon Cornehill, directly against the 
 Church, hauing a proper woman to his wife, such a one as 
 seemed the holyest amongst a thousand, had also a lustie 
 Chauntrie priest, of the sayd parish Church, repayring to his 
 house, with the which Priest, the said Atwod would sometimes 
 after supper play a game at Tables for a pint of Ale : it 
 chanced on a time, hauing haste of worke, and his game 
 prouing long, hee left his wife to play it out, and went downe 
 to his shop, but returning to fetch a Pressing iron he found 
 such play to his misliking, that he forced the Priest to leape 
 out at a window, ouer the Penthouse into the streete, and so 
 to run to his lodging in the Churchyard. Atwod and his wife 
 were soone reconciled, so that he would not suffer her to be 
 called in question, but the Priest being apprehended, and 
 committed, I saw his punishment to be thus : he was on three 
 Market dayes conueyed through the high streete and Markets 
 of the Citie with a Paper on his head, wherein was written his 
 trespasse : The first day hee rode in a Carry, the second on a 
 horse, his face to the horse taile, the third, led betwixt twaine, 
 and euery day rung with Basons, and proclamations made of 
 his fact at euery turning of the streets, and also before lohn 
 Aiwods stall, and the Church doore of his Seruice, where he 
 lost his Chauntrie of ao. nobles the yeare, and was banished 
 the Citie for euer. 
 
 By the west side of the foresayd prison then called the 
 Tunne, was a faire Well of spring water, curbed round with 
 hard stone: I but in the yeare 1401. the said prison house 
 ' that] that that 1603 
 
Corn e kill warde 191 
 
 called the Tunne, was made a Cesterne for sweet water, con- A faire well in 
 ueyed by pipes of lead from Tiborne, and was from thence- The"tun vpon 
 forth called the Conduit vpon Cornhill. Then was the well Comhil made 
 planked ouer, and a strong prison made of Timber called sweet water. 
 a Cage, with a paire of stockes therein set vpon it, and this ^^se- stp^ks 
 
 r . , r ' & piUorie m 
 
 was for night walkers. On the top of which Cage was placed Comhill. 
 
 a Pillorie, for the punishment of Bakers offending in the j^^^^"^^"' 
 
 assise of bread, for Millers stealing of corne at the Mill, for scolds, and 
 
 common lurors 
 
 bawdes, scoulds, and other offenders. As in the yeare 1468, ^^ rewards, 
 the 7. of Ed. the 4. diuerse persons being common lurors, punished on 
 
 1 ■ r r , r r^^'^ piUorie. 
 
 such as at assises were forsworne for rewards, or fauour of 
 
 parties, were iudged to ride from Newgate to the pillorie in 
 
 Cornehill, with Miters of paper on their heads, there to stand, 
 
 and from thence again to Newgate, and this iudgement was 
 
 giuen by the Maior of London. In the yeare 1509. the first 
 
 of Henrie the 8. Darby, Smith, and Sinison, ringleaders of 
 
 false inquests in London, rode about the Citie with their 
 
 faces to the horse tailes, and papers on their heads, & were 
 
 set on the pillorie in Cornhill, and after brought againe to 
 
 Newgate, where they died for very shame, saith Robert 
 
 Fabian. A ring leader of inquests, as I take it, is he that Ringleaders of 
 
 making a gainefull occupation thereof, will appeare on Nisi "o^er' thSr' 
 
 Prius's^ or he be warned, or procure himselfe to be warned, seruice, and 
 
 to come on by a tailes. He wil also procure himselfe to be ^^y for gain. 
 
 foreman, when he can, and take vpon him to ouerrule the Careful choice 
 
 • • 1 11 1 1 1 1 • • of lurors IS to 
 
 rest to his opinion, such a one shall be laboured by plaintiues be had, a man 
 and defendants, not without promise of rewards, and therefore l^'ft'^f' ^^^ 
 
 ' ^ ^ tiiat had sworn 
 
 to be suspected of a bad conscience. I would wish a more foolishly 
 careful! choyse of lurors to be had, for I haue knowne a man ^fother is^ not 
 carted, rung with basons, and banished out of Bishopsgate to be admitted 
 ward, and afterward in Aldgate ward admitted to be Constable, inror, neither 
 a grand luryman, and foreman of their Wardmote inquest, butcher, nor 
 
 ° ■' oil surgeon, is to 
 
 what I know of the like, or worse men, preferred ^ to the like be admitted. 
 offices, I forbeare to write, but wish to be reformed. 
 
 The foresaid Conduit vpon Cornhill was in the yeare I475- Conduit vpon 
 inlarged by Robert Drope, Draper, Maior, that then dwelt in ^""gf^ 
 that warde, he increased the Cesterne of this conduit with an 
 East end of stone, and castellated it in comely maner. 
 
 1 Nisi Prius's 1633 ; Iseprises 1603 ''■ preferred : proffered 1603 
 
192 Coriiehill ivanie 
 
 In the yeare 1546. sir Martin Bowes Maior, dwelling in 
 P<igc 193 Lom|barde streete, and hauing his backe gate opening into 
 Cornehill against the said conduit, minded to haue enlarged 
 the cesterne therof with a west end, like as Robert Drape 
 before had done toward the East : view and measure of the 
 plot was taken for this worke, but the pillorie & cage being 
 remoued, they found the ground planked, and the well afore- 
 said worne out of memorie, which well they reuiued and 
 restored to vse, it is since made a pumpe, they set the Pillorie 
 somewhat West from the Well, and so this worke ceased. 
 
 On the North side of this streete, from the East vnto the 
 
 West haue ye diuerse faire houses for marchants and other. 
 
 The weyhouse amongst the which one large house is called the Wey house, 
 
 or kings beam ^yhere marchandizes brought from beyond the Seas, are to be 
 vpon CornhiU. ° ■' 
 
 weighed at the kings beame. This house hath a maister, and 
 
 vnder him foure maister Porters, with Porters vnder them : 
 
 they haue a strong cart, and foure great horses, to draw and 
 
 Carrie the wares from the Marchants houses to the Beame, 
 
 Sir Thomas and backe againe : Sir Thomas Loiiell knight builded this 
 
 Looel his gift ^Qugg ^vith a faire front of Tenements towards the streete, 
 
 to the urocers. 
 
 all which hee gaue to the Grocers of London, himselfe being 
 free of the Citie, and a brother of that companie. 
 
 Then haue ye the said Finkes lane, the south end of which 
 lane on both sides is in Cornehill warde. 
 The Burse vp- Then next is the Royall Exchange, erected in the yeare 
 or thrRoyali '^o^^- ^^'^^'' *^^'^ Order, vz. certaine houses vpon Cornehill, and 
 Exchange. the like vpon the backe thereof, in the warde of Brodestreete, 
 New°Alley^ with three Allies, the first called Swan Allie, opening into 
 S.Christophers Cornehill, and second new Alley, passing throughout of 
 Householdes Cornehill into Brodestreete warde, ouer against Saint Bar- 
 buMtr'^ofthe 1^^"^°^'^^'^ l'^"^! the third Saint Christophers Alley, opening into 
 Bursse. Brodestreete warde, and into Saint Christophers parish, con- 
 
 charged with taining in all fourscore housholds : were first purchased by the 
 buildings of Citizens of London, for more then 353a. pound, and were solde 
 for 478. pound, to such persons as should take them downe and 
 carrie them thence, also the ground or plot was made plaine 
 at the charges of the Citie, and then possession thereof was 
 by certaine Aldermen, in name of the whole Citizens, giuen to 
 Pas' '94 sir Thomas Gresham knight, Agent to the I Queenes High- 
 
Cornehill warde 
 
 193 
 
 nesse, therevpon to build a Bursse, or place for marchants to 
 assemble in, at his owne proper charges: and hee on the 
 seuenth of lune laying the first stone of the foundation, being 
 Bricke, accompanied with some Aldermen, euery of them laid 
 a piece of Golde, which the workemen tooke vp, and forthwith 
 followed vpon the same with such diligence, that by the 
 moneth of Nouember, in the yeare 1567, the same was couered 
 with slate, and shortly after fully finished. 
 
 In the yeare 1570, on the 23. of lanuarie, the Queenes Queene Eliza- 
 Maiestie, attended with her NobiUtie, came from her house at fteVu^rsse.'" 
 the Strand called Sommerset house, and entered the citie by 
 Temple Barre, through Fleetstreete, Cheape, and so by the 
 North side of the Bursse through threeneedle streete, to sir 
 Thomas Greshams in Bishopsgate streete, where she dined. 
 After dinner, her Maiestie returning through Cornehill, entered 
 the Bursse on the southside, and after that she had viewed 
 euery part therof aboue the ground, especially the Pawne, which 
 was richly furnished with all sorts of the finest wares in the 
 Citie : shee caused the same Bursse by an Herauld and a 
 Trumpet, to be proclamed the Royal Exchange, and so to be 
 called from thenceforth, and not otherwise. 
 
 Next adioyning to this Royall Exchange remaineth one The Bursse 
 part of a large stone house, and is now called the Castell Royaii 
 of such a signe, at a Tauerne doore there is a passage Exchange. 
 through out of Cornehill into Three needle streete, the other 
 part of the said stone house was taken downe for enlarging 
 the Royall exchange : this stone house was said of some to 
 haue beene a Church, whereof it had no proportion, of others, 
 a lewes house, as though none but lewes had dwelt in stone 
 houses, but that opinion is without warrant : for besides the 
 strong building of stone houses against the inua-sion of Theeues 
 in the night when no watches were kept, in the first yeare of 
 Richard the first, to preuent the casualties of fire, which often The cause of 
 had happened in the Citie, when the houses were builded of bididedTn^^ 
 Timber, and couered with Reed, or Straw, Henry FitaAleivine London. 
 being Maior, it was decreed that from hencefoorth no man 
 should build within the Citie but of stone, vntill a certaine 
 height, and to couer the same building with slate, or burnt 
 tile, and this was the verie cause of such stone buildings. 
 
194 Cornehill warde 
 
 Page igs whercof many haue remained | till our time, that for winning 
 of ground they haue bin taken down and in place of some one 
 of them being low, as but two stories aboue the ground, many 
 houses of foure or fiue stories high are placed. 
 
 From this stone house down to the Stockes, are diuers large 
 
 houses especially for height, for marchants and Artificers. 
 
 On the south side of this high streete is the Parish church 
 
 Parish chnrch of S. Peter vpon Cornehill, which seemeth to be of an ancient 
 
 vponCorahil. building, but not so ancient as fame reporteth, for it hath 
 
 been lately repayred, if not all new builded, except the 
 
 steeple, which is ancient : the roofe of this Church, and 
 
 glasing was finished in the raigne of E. the fourth, as appear- 
 
 eth by armes of Noble men, and Aldermen of London then 
 
 liuing : there remayneth in this Church a table wherein it is 
 
 Archbishops written, I know not by what authority, but of a late hand, 
 
 hL^TJ'bee ^'^^^ ^^"S Lmius founded the same church to be an Arch- 
 
 proued, and bishops sea MetropoHtane, & chief church of his kingdom, 
 
 to"faffirmed. & that it SO endured the space of 400. years, vnto the coming 
 
 of AugHstin the Monk. 
 
 loceline of Furneis writeth that Thean the first Archbishoppe 
 
 of Lortdon in the raigne of Lticius, builded the said Church 
 
 Library of S. by the aide of Ciran chiefe Butler to kmg L news, z.nd also 
 
 Peters upon ^hat Eluaitiis the second Archbishop builded a Library to the 
 
 Cornhill, now ,. . , , r i -i-x • , i j 
 
 a Grammar Same adioynmg, and conuerted many of the Uruides, learned 
 
 Schoole. j^gj^ jj^ ^^ Pagan law, to Christianity. True it is that a 
 
 Library there was pertaining to this Parrish Church, of olde 
 time builded of stone, and of late repayred with bricke by the 
 executors of Sir loJm Crosby Alderman, as his Armes on the 
 south end doth witnes. 
 
 This Library hath beene of late time, to wit, within these 
 
 lohn Leyland. fifty yeares well furnished of bookes : lohn Leyland viewed 
 and commended them, but now those bookes be gone, and 
 the place is occupied by a Schoolemaister, and his Usher, ouer 
 a number of schollers learning their Grammar rules, &c. 
 Notwithstanding before that time, a Grammer schoole had 
 beene kept in this Parrish as appeareth in the yeare 1425. 
 
 Grammar \ read that lohti Whitby was rector & lohn Steward school- 
 
 SchOoles com- . , ,., r tt 1 r ■ .11_ 
 
 maunded by maister there : and m the 25. of H. the 6. it was enacted by 
 parliament. Parliament, that foure Grammar school es in London, should 
 
Cornehill warde 195 
 
 bee maintained, vz. In the parrishes of AUhallowes in Thames 
 streete. Saint Andrew in Oldbourne. S. Peters vpon Cornehill. 
 and Saint Thomas of Acars. \ 
 
 Monumentes of the dead in this Church defaced. I reade Page ig6 
 that Hugh Waltham, Nicholas Pricot, Mercer, Alderman, 
 Richard Manhall, 1503. William Kingston, Fishmonger, gaue 
 his tenements called the Horse mill in Grasse street to this 
 church, and was there buried about the yeare 1298. John 
 Vnisbrngh, Poultar, Hio. ^ohn Lawe. Also Peter Mason 
 Taylor, gaue to this Church seauen pound starling yearely for 
 euer, out of his Tenementes in Colechurch parrish, and de- 
 ceased about the yeare 141 6. lohn Foxton founded a Chauntrie 
 there. A Brotherhoode of Saint Peter was in this Church 
 established by Henry the fourth, the fourth of his raigne. 
 William Brampton and William Askham, Fishmongers and 
 Aldermen, were chiefe procurers thereof for the Fishmongers. 
 Of late buried there Sir William Bowier Mayor 1543. Sir 
 Henry Huberthorn Mayor, 1546. Sir Christopher Morice 
 Maister Gunner of England to king Henry the eight, Edzvard 
 Elrington Esquier, chief Butler to E. the 6. Thomas Gardener 
 Grocer, & lustice Smith and other. Then haue ye the parish 
 Church of S. Michaell Tharchangel, for the antiquity wherof 
 I find that Alnothus the Priest gaue it to the Abbot and 
 Couent of Eouesham,^ Reynold Abbot, & the Couent there 
 did grant the same to Sparling the Priest in all measures as 
 he and his Predecessors before had held it, to the which 
 Speeding also they graunted all their landes which they there 
 had, except certaine landes which Orgar le Prowde held of 
 them, and payde two shillinges yearely, for the which graunt, 
 the sayde Sperling should yearely pay one Marke of rent to 
 the sayde Abbot of Eouesham, and finde him and his lodging 
 salt, water, and fier, when hee came to London, this was 
 graunted 1 133. about the 34. of //if^ry the first. Thus much 
 for antiquity, of later time I find that Elizabeth Peake, widdow, 
 gaue the patronage or gift of this benefice to the Drapers in 
 London, shee lyeth buried in the Belfrey, 151 8. her monu- 
 ment yet remayneth. This hath beene a fayre and bewtifuU 
 
 ' Eouesham] i. e. Evesham : Covesham edd. 
 O a 
 
196 Cornehill ivarde 
 
 Church, but of late yeares since the surrender of their landes 
 
 to Edward the sixt, greatly blemished by the building of 
 
 fower Tenementes on the North side thereof towardes the 
 
 highstreete, in place of a greene Churchyeard, whereby the 
 
 Pagi 797 Church I is darkened and other wayes annoyed. The fayre 
 
 new steeple or Bell Tower of this Church was begunne to bee 
 
 builded in the yeare 1431 . which being finished, and a fayre ring 
 
 of fiue Belles therein placed, a sixt Bell was added and giuen 
 
 This was by lolui Wliitzvell, Isabell his wife, and William Rus Alderman 
 
 accounted the .^^^ Goldsmith, about the yeare i4f?o. which Bell named Rtis, 
 
 best ring of 6. ^ ^ 
 
 Belles to bee nightly at eight of the Clocke, and otherwise for Knelles, 
 
 thaf was in"*^" ^"^ ^" Peales, rung by one man, for the space of 160. yeares, 
 
 England, for of late ouerhayled by foure or fiue at once, hath beene thrice 
 
 sweetnes of broken, and new cast within the space of ten yeares, to the 
 
 sound & tunc, charges of that Parrish, more then 100. Markes. And here a 
 
 Note of this Steeple, as I haue oft heard my Father report, 
 
 vpon S. lames night, certaine men in the lofte next vnder the 
 
 Belles, ringing of a Peale, a Tempest of lightning and Thunder 
 
 did arise, an vglie shapen sight appeared to them, comming in 
 
 Lightningsand at the south window, and lighted on the North, for feare 
 
 *4'iylhapis'' whereof, they all fell downe, and lay as dead for the time, 
 
 seen in Saint letting the Belles ring and cease of their owne accord : when 
 
 steeple. the ringers came to themselues, they founde certaine stones of 
 
 The print of j-j^g North Window to bee raysed and scrat, as if they had been 
 
 clawes to bee ' ' 
 
 scene in hard SO much butter, printed with a Lyons clawe, the same stones 
 stone. were fastened there againe, and so remayne till this day. I 
 
 haue scene them oft, and haue put a feather or small sticke 
 into the holes, where the Clawes had entered three or foure 
 inches deepe. At the same time certaine maine timber postes 
 at Queene Hith were scrat and cleft from the toppe to the 
 Pulpit Crosse bottome, and the Pulpit Crosse in Powles Churchyearde was 
 churchyearde likewise scrat, cleft, and ouer turned, one of the Ringers liued 
 ouer turned, in my youth, whom I haue oft heard to verifie the same to 
 bee true : but to returne, William Rus was a special! Bene- 
 factor to this Church, his Armes yet remayne in the Windowes. 
 William Comerton, Symon Smith, Walter Belengham were 
 buried there, and founded Chaunteries there, lohn Grace 1439. 
 Robert Drope Mayor, buried on the North side the Quier 
 vnder a fayre Tombe of Grey Marble, 1485. hee gaue to poore 
 
Cornehill warde 197 
 
 maidcs marriages of that parrish twenty pound, to poore of that 
 Warde ten pound, shirtes and smockes 300. and gownes of 
 broad e cloath 100. &c. | lane his wife, matching with Edward Page igS 
 Gi-ay, Vicecount Lisle, was buried by her first husband 1500. 
 she gaue ninetie pound in money to the beautifying of that 
 Cliurch, and her great messuage with the appurtenance, which 
 was by her Executors W. Caple and other 15x7. the ninth of 
 Henry the eight, assured to lohn Wardroper, Parson, T. 
 Clear ke, W. Dixson, and lohn Murdon Wardens of the saide 
 Church, and theyr successors for euer, they to keepe yearely 
 for her an obite, or aniuersary, to bee spent on the poore, and 
 otherwise, in all three pound, the rest of the profiles to bee 
 employed in reparation of the church. In the 34. yeare of 
 Henry the eight Edward ' Stephan Parson, T. Spencer, P. 
 Guntar and G. Cronch} Churchwardens, graunted to T. Lodge, 
 a lease for 60 yeares of the saide great messuage, with the 
 appurtenance, which were called the Ladie Lisles landes, for 
 the rent of eight pound, thirteene shillinges, foure pence the 
 yeare, the Parishioners since gaue it vppe as Chauntery land, 
 and wronged themselues, also the saide Robert Drope and 
 Lady Lisle (notwithstanding their liberality to that Church 
 and Parrish) their Tombe is pulled downe, no monument 
 remayneth of them. Peter Hawton late Alderman is laid in 
 their vaulte, 1596. Robert Fabian Alderman that wrote and 
 published a Cronicle of England, & of France, was buried 
 there, 151 1. with this Epitaph. 
 
 Like as the day his course doth consnme. 
 
 And the new morrow springeth againe as fast, 
 
 So man and zvoman by natures ctcstome, 
 
 This life to passe, at last in earth are cast, 
 
 Ln ioy, and sorroiv ivhich here their time do wast, 
 
 Neiier in one state, but in course Transitory, 
 
 So fidl of change, is of this world the glory. 
 
 His monument is gone : Richard Garnam, 1537. buried 
 there, Edmond Trindle, & Robert Smith, William Dickson 
 and Margaret his wife, buryed in the Cloyster vnder a fayre 
 Tombe now defaced, Thomas Stow my Grandfather, about 
 
 ' G. Crouch} 1603,- E. Grouch 1633 
 
198 Cornehill warde 
 
 the yeare 1526. and Thomas Stow my father, 1559. lohn 
 Pagei^g Tolus Alderman 1548. he gaue to lohn Willowby Parlson 
 John Tolus his of that Church, to Thomas Lodge, G. Hind, P. Bolde, church- 
 gift to the wardens, and to their successors towardes the reparation of 
 
 Church not ^ , . 
 
 performed but that Church, and reliefe of the poore for euer, his tenement 
 concealed. ^j^j^ ^.j^^ appurtenances in the parish of Saint Michael, which 
 hee had lately purchased of Ahtery Randalph of Badlesnieere 
 in Kent : but the Parish neuer had the gift, nor heard thereof 
 by the space of 40. yeares after, such was the conscience of 
 G. Barne, and other the executors to conceale it to them- 
 selues, and such is the negligence of the Parishioners that 
 (being informed thereof) make no claime thereunto. Philip 
 Gonter that was Alderman for a time, and gaue foure hundred 
 pound to be discharged thereof, was buried in the cloyster, 
 about the yeare 158a. and Anne his wife, &c. Thomas 
 Hotighton father to the said Peter Houghton, Francis Beneson, 
 and William Towerson. 
 
 This parish church hath on the southside thereof a proper 
 cloister, and a fayre Church yard, with a Pulpit crosse, not 
 Pulpit crosse much vnlike to that in Paules churchyard. Sir lohn Rud- 
 churchyard. stone, Maior, caused the same Pulpit crosse, in his life time 
 to bee builded, the Church yarde to bee inlarged by ground 
 purchased of the next parish, and also proper houses to be 
 raysed, for lodging of Quire men, such as at that time were 
 assistants to diuine seruice, then dayly sung by noate, in that 
 church. The said lohn Rudstone deceased, 1531. and was 
 buried in a vault vnder the Pulpit crosse : hee appoynted 
 Sermons to be preached there, not now performed : his 
 Tombe before the pulpit crosse is taken thence, with the 
 Tombe of Richard Yaxley Doctor of Phisicke to king Henrie 
 the eight, and other. The Quire of that Church dissolued, 
 the lodgings of Quire-men were by the graue fathers of that 
 time charitably appoynted for receipt of auncient decayed 
 parishioners, namely widowes, such as were not able to beare 
 the charge of greater rents abroade, which blessed worke of 
 Math. c. s. harbouring the harbourlesse, is promised to be rewarded in 
 
 the kingdome of heauen. 
 Birchovers Then haue ye Burcheouer lane, so called of Birchouer, the 
 
 lane. ^^^^ builder and owner thereof, now corruptly called Birchin 
 
Cornehill warde 199 
 
 lane, the North halfe whereof is of the said Cornehill warde, 
 the other part is of Langborne warde. | 
 
 This lane, and the high streete neare adioyning, hath beene Page 200 
 inhabited for the most part with wealthie Drapers, from Vpholders 
 Birchouers lane on that side the streete downe to the Stockes: stuffrin*^ "^'^'^ 
 in the raigne oi Henrie the sixt, had yee for the most part ComehiU. 
 dwelling Fripperers or Vpholders, that solde olde apparell 
 and housholde stuffe. 
 
 I haue read of a Countrey man, that then hauing lost his 
 hood in Westminster hall, found the same in Cornehill hanged 
 out to be solde, which he chalenged, but was forced to buyi 
 or goe without it, for their stall (they said) was their Market. 
 At that time also the Wine drawer of the Popes head Tauerne Popes heade 
 (standing without the doore in the high streete) tooke the cornSai" 
 same man by the sleeue, and said, sir will you drinke a pinte Wine one pint 
 of wine, whereunto hee aunswered, a pennie spend I may, and bread giuen 
 so drunke his pinte, for bread nothing did he pay, for that was '^^^^• 
 allowed free. 
 
 This Popes head Tauerne, with other houses adioyning, 
 strongly builded of stone, hath of olde time beene all in one, 
 pertaining to some great estate, or rather to the king of this 
 Realme, as may be supposed both by the largenesse thereof, The kings 
 and by the armes, to wit, three Leopards passant, gardant, corneMU. 
 which was the whole armes of England before the raigne of 
 Edward the thirde, that quartered them with the Armes of 
 Fraunce, three Flower de Luces. 
 
 These Armes of England supported betweene two Angels, Arms of Eng- 
 are faire and largely grauen in stone on the fore front towardes by Ang^?s°'''^'' 
 the high street, ouer the doore or stall of one great house, 
 lately for many years possessed by M. Philip Gunter. The 
 Popes heade Tauerne is on the backe part thereof towards 
 the south, as also one other house called the stone house in 
 Lombard streete. Some say this was king Johns house, 
 which might be so, for I finde in a written copie of Mathcw 
 Paris his historic, that in the yere 1233. Henrie the third 
 sent Hubert de Burgho Earle of Kent, to Cornehill in London, Hubert de 
 there to answere all matters obiected against him, where he ^1''^°^ ^^^x^ 
 wisely acquited himselfe. The Popes head Tauern hath a Cornehill. 
 foote way through, from Cornehill into Lombard streete. 
 
200 Cornehill ivarde 
 
 And downe lower on the high streete of Cornehill, is there 
 Page 201 one o|ther way through by the Cardinals Hat Tauerne, into 
 The Cardinals Lombard Street. And so let this suffice for Cornehill warde. 
 In which be Gouernors, an Alderman, his Deputie, common 
 Counsellors foure, or sixe, Constables foure, Scauengers foure, 
 Wardmote inquest sixteene, and a Beedle : it is charged to 
 the fifteene at sixteene pound. 
 
 Langborne warde, and Fennie about. 
 Langbome LaNGBORNE warde, so called of a long borne of 
 Fennie about, sweete Water, which of olde time breaking out into 
 Fenchurch streete, ranne downe the same streete, and 
 Lombard street, to the West end of S. Mary Woolnothes 
 Church, where turning south, and breaking into smal shares, 
 Shavebome or rils or streams, it left the name of Share borne lane, or 
 lane. °™^ South borne lane (as I haue read) because it ran south to 
 the Riuer of Thames. This Warde beginneth at the West 
 ende of Aldgate warde, in Fenne church streete, by the Iron- 
 mongers hall, which is on the North side of that streete, at 
 Cniuer Alley, a place called Culuer alley, where sometime was a lane, 
 ane stoppe ^j,j.Q^gjj (.jje which men went into Limestreete, but that being 
 long since stopped vp for suspition of theeues, that lurked 
 there by night, as is shewed in Limestreete warde, there is 
 now this said alley, a tennis court, &c. 
 Fen chnrch Fenne-church streete tooke that name of a Fennie or 
 
 Moorish ground, so made by means of this borne which 
 passed through it, and therfore vntill this day in the Guildhall 
 Page 20^ of this citie, that ward ] is called by the name of Langborne, 
 and fennie about and not otherwise : yet others be of opinion 
 that it toolce that name of Fae?nim, that is hey solde there, 
 as Grasse street tooke the name of Grasse or hearbes there 
 solde. 
 Parish church In the midst of this streete standeth a small parish Church 
 of s Maiy, & called S. Gabriel Fenchurch, corruptly Fan church. 
 
 S. Gabriel. . 
 
 Helming Legget Esquire, by license of Edward the third, in 
 the 49. of his raigne, gaue one tenement, with a curtelarge ^ 
 thereto belonging, and a Garden with an entrie thereto leading 
 vnto sir lohn Hariot parson of Fenchurch, and to his suc- 
 
 ' sic isgS, 1603, 1633 
 
Langborne warde 201 
 
 cessors for euer, the house to be a Parsonage house, the garden 
 to be a churchyard, or burying place for the parish. 
 
 Then haue ye Lombardstreete, so called of the Longobards, Lombard 
 and other Marchants, strangers of diuerse nations assembling before^E.'^a. ^ 
 there twise euery day, of what original!, or continuance, I haue 
 not read of record, more then that Edward the second, in 
 the 12. of his I'aigne, confirmed a messuage, sometime belong- 
 ing to Robert Turke, abutting on Lombard streete toward the 
 South, and toward Cornehill on the North, for the Marchants 
 of Florence, which proueth that street to haue had the name 
 of Lombard street before the raigne of Edward the second. 
 The meeting of which Marchants and others, there continued 
 until the 33 of December, in the yeare, 1568. on the which 
 day, the said Marchants began to make their meetings at the 
 Bursse, a place then new builded for that purpose in the 
 warde of Cornehill, and was since by her Maiestie, Queene 
 Elizabeth, named the Royall Exchange. 
 
 On the North side of this Warde, is Limestreete, one halfe Limestreet. 
 whereof on both the sides is of this Langborne Warde, and 
 therein on the West side, is the Pewterers Hall, which com- Pewterers 
 panie were admitted to bee a brotherhoode, in the 13. of 
 Edward the fourth. 
 
 At the Southwest corner of Limestreete, standeth a fayre Parish church 
 Parish Church of Saint Dionys called Backe church, lately °''^-°'°""- 
 new builded in the raigne of Henrie the sixt, lohii Bugge 
 Esquire was a great benefactor to that worke, as appeareth 
 by his armes three water Budgets, and his crest a Morians 
 head, grauen in the stone work of the Quire, the vpper end on 
 the north side, where he was I buried. Also lohn Darby Page 203 
 Alderman, added thereunto a fayre Isle or Chappie on the 
 Southside, and was there buried, about the yeare 1466. He 
 gaue (besides sundrie ornaments) his dwelling house and 
 others vnto the said church. The Ladie Wich widow to 
 Hugh Wich, sometimes Maior of London, was there buried, 
 and gaue lands for Sermons, &c. lohn Master Gentleman, 
 was by his children buried there, 1444, Thomas Britaine, 
 Henrie Trauers of Maidstone in Kent Marchant, 1501. lohn 
 Bond about 1504. Robert Paget marchant Tayler, one of the 
 Shiriffes 1536. Sir Thomas Curteis Pewterer, then Fish- 
 
202 Langborne warde 
 
 monger, Maior, 1557, Sir Tames Haruie Ironmonger, Maior, 
 
 1581. William Peterson Esquire, William Sherington, Sir 
 
 Edward Osborne Clothworker, Maior, &c. 
 
 The foure cor- Then by the foure corners (so called of Fen church streete 
 
 caUed of fowe '" ^he East, Bridgestreete on the South, Grasse streete on the 
 
 wayes meet- North and Lombard streete on the West.) In Lombard streete 
 
 pfrish church '^ °"^ ^^^^^ Parish church, called Alhallowes Grasse church in 
 
 of Alhallowes Lombard streete, I do so reade it in Euidences of Record, for 
 
 streete. that the Grasse Market went downe that way, when that 
 
 Lib. Tnnitate. streete was farre broder then now it is, being streightened by 
 
 incrochments. 
 
 This Church was lately new builded. John Warner armorer, 
 and then Grocer, Shiriffe, 1494. builded the south He, his sonne 
 Robert Warner Esquire finished it, in the yere 1516. The 
 Pewterers were benefactors towards the north Isle, &c. The 
 Steeple or Bell tower thereof was finished in the yeare J 544. 
 about the thirtie and sixt of Henrie the eight. The faire 
 stone porch of this church was brought from the late dissolued 
 Priorie of S. lohn of lertisalem by Smithfield, so was the frame 
 for their belles, but the belles being bought, were neuer brought 
 thither, by reason that one old Warner Draper, of that Parish 
 deceasing, his sonne Marke Warner would not performe what 
 his father had begunne, and appoynted, so that faire steeple 
 hath but one Bell, as Friers were wont to use. The monu- 
 ments of this church be these. The said Warners, and lohn 
 Walden Draper. Next is a common Osterie for trauellers, 
 Lombard called the George, of such a signe. This is said to haue per- 
 j,». ^^ teyned to the Earle Ferrers, and was his London lodging in 
 Page 204 Lombard street, and that in the yeare, 1 175. a | brother of the 
 said Earle, being there priuily slaine in the night, was there 
 throwne downe into the dirtie streete, as I haue afore shewed 
 in the Chapter of night watches. 
 Parish church Next to this is the parish church of S. Edmond the king 
 hi Lombard" ^"^^ Martyr in Lombard street, by the south corner of Birch- 
 streete. ouer lane. 
 
 This Church is also called S. Edmond Grasse church, because 
 the said Grasse Market came downe so low. The monuments 
 in this Church are these : Sir lohn Milborne, Draper, Maior, 
 deceased 1535. buried there by Dame loan and Dame Mar- 
 
Langborne warde 203 
 
 garet his wiues, vnder a tombe of Touch, Humfrey Heyford, 
 Goldsmith, Maior, 1477, Sir William Chester, Draper, Maior, 
 1560, with his wiues, amongst his predecessors, Sir George 
 Barne, Maior, 1536, Matilde at Vine^ founded a Chaunterie 
 there, &c. 
 
 From this Church downe Lombard streete, by Birchouers 
 lane (the one halfe of which lane is of this warde) and so downe, 
 be diuerse faire houses, namely one with a verie faire forefront 
 towards the streete, builded by sir Martin Bowes Goldsmith 
 since Maior of London, and then one other, sometime belong- Noble men of 
 ing to William de la Pole Knight banaret, and yet the Kings o^deTim^V*^ 
 marchant in the 14. of Edward the third, and after him to also of late 
 Michael de la Pole Earle of Sufifolke, in the 14. of Richard^i^^'^^^^^, 
 the second, and was his Marchants house, and so downe chandises. 
 toward the Stocks Market, lacking but some three houses 
 thereof. 
 
 The Southside of this Ward beginneth in the East, at the 
 chaine to be drawne thwart Mart lane, vp into Fen church 
 street, and so West, by the North end of Minchen lane to 
 S. Margarets Pattens street, or Roode lane, and down that > 
 street to the midway towards S. Margarets Church : then by 
 Philpot lane, (so called of sir lohn Philpot that dwelled there, phiipot lane. 
 and was owner thereof) and downe that lane some sixe or eight 
 houses on each side, is all of this warde. 
 
 Then by Grasse Church corner into Lombard streete, to 
 S. Clements lane, and downe the same to S. Clements church : s. Clements 
 then downe S. Nicholas lane, and downe the same to Saint '^"^' 
 Nicholas church, and the same Church is of this ward. Then 
 to Abchurch lane, and downe some small portion thereof: 
 then down Sherborne lane, a part thereof, and a part of 
 Bearebinder lane bee of this | warde : and then downe Lom- Pagt 20s 
 bardstreete to the signe of the Angell almost to the corner 
 ouer against the Stockes market. 
 
 On the Southside of this ward, somewhat within Mart lane, Parish Church 
 haue yee the Parish Church of Alhallowes, commonly called of Alhaliowes 
 
 ■' ■' btane church. 
 
 Stane Church (as may bee supposed) for a difference from 
 other Churches of that name in this Citie which of old time 
 
 ' at Vine, om. 1633 
 
204 Langborne warde 
 
 were buiWed of timber, and since were builded of stone. In 
 this church haue beene diuerse fayre monuments of the dead, 
 namely oilohn Costin, Girdler, a great benefactor : he deceased, 
 1244. His name remaineth painted in the church roofe : if it 
 had beene set in Brasse, it would haue beene fetched downe. 
 He gaue out of certaine tenements to the poore of that parish, 
 an hundred quarters of Charcoales yearely for euer. Sir Robert 
 Test knight of the holy Sepulchre, and Dame loan his wife, 
 about i486. Robert Stone, sir lohn Stiward, and Dame Alice 
 his wife, lohn Boslocke Esquire, Christopher Holt, sir Richard 
 Tate knight, Ambassador to king Henrie the eight, buried 
 there, 1554. His monument remaineth yet, the rest being all 
 pulled downe, and swept out of the Church, the Church war- 
 dens were forced to make a large account, 12. shillings that 
 yeare for Broomes, besides the carriage away of stone, and 
 brasse of their owne charge. And here I am to note, that 
 being informed of the Writhsleys to be buried there, I haue 
 since found them and other to be buried at S. Giles without 
 Cripplegate, where I minde to leaue them. 
 
 Cradock-sl.ine. By this Church sometime passed a lane, called Cradocks 
 lane, from Mart lane, winding by the North side of the said 
 Church into Fen church streete, the which lane being 
 streightned by incrochments, is now called Church alley. 
 
 Parish church Then is the Parish church of Saint Nicholas Aeon, or Hacon, 
 
 Haco^"*'"''" (foJ" so haue I read it in Recordes) in Lombardstreete. Sir 
 lohn Bridges Draper, Maior 1520. newly repayred this church, 
 and imbatailed it, and was there buried : Francis Boyer Grocer, 
 one of the Shiriffes, was buried there 1580. with other of the 
 Boyers. So was Iidian, wife to lohn Lambart Alderman. 
 Then is there in the high streete a proper parish Church of 
 Saint Marie Woolnoth, of the Natiuitie, the reason of which 
 name I haue not yet learned. This Church is lately new 
 
 Page 206 builded, Sir Hugh Brice \ Goldsmith, Maior in the first yeare 
 of Henrie the seuenth, keeper of the kings Exchange at 
 London, and one of the gouernors of the kings Mint in the 
 Tower of London, vnder William L. Hastings, the fifth of 
 Edward the fourth, deceased 1496. He builded in this church 
 a Chappell, called the charnell, as also part of the bodie of the 
 Church and of the Steeple, and gaue money towarde the 
 
Langborne warde 205 
 
 finishing thereof, besides the stone which he had prepared : 
 hee was buried in the bodie of the Church, Guy Brice or Boys 
 was buried there. Dame loan wife to sir William Peach, 
 Thomas Nocket Draper, 1396. he founded a Chanterie there, 
 Simon Eyre 1459. he gaue the Tauerne called the Cardinals 
 Hat in Lombardstreete, with a tenement annexed on the 
 East part of the Tauerne, and a mansion behind the East 
 tenement, togither with an Alley from Lombard streete to 
 Cornhill, with the appurtenances, all which were by him new 
 builded, toward a brotherhoode of our Ladie in S. Marie 
 Woolnoths church. lohtt Moager Pewterer, and Emme his 
 wife in saint lohns Chappell : Sir lohn Perciuall Marchant 
 tayler, Maior, about 1504, Thomas Roch, a.nd Andrew Michael 
 Vinteners, and loan their wife: William Hilton Marchant 
 tayler, and tayler to king Henrie the eight, was buried there, 
 15 19. Vnder the Chappell of S. George, which Chappell was 
 builded by George Lnfken, sometime tayler to the Prince. 
 Robert Amades Goldsmith, master of the Kings ievvels. Sir 
 Martin Bowes Maior, buried about 1569. he gaue lands for the 
 discharge of that Langborn ward, of all fifteenes to be granted Langborne 
 to the king by Parliament : George Hasken, sir Thomas Zhl%cA'oi 
 Ramsey late Maior, &c. Thus haue ye seuen Parish Churches fifteens. 
 in this ward, one Hall of a companie, diuerse faire houses for 
 marchants, and other monuments none. It hath an Alderman, 
 his Deputie, common Counsellors 8. Constables 15. Scauengers 
 9. men of the Wardmote inquest 17. and a Beedle. It is 
 taxed to the fifteene in the Exchequer at 30.I. 9.3. 8.d. | 
 
 Billinsgate warde Pagc3oj 
 
 Billingsgate ward, beglnneth at the west endeofBillmsgatc 
 Towerstreete warde in Thames streete about Smarts Key, ^^"^ ^' 
 and runneth downe along that streete on the southside to 
 saint Magnus Church at the Bridge foote, and on the North 
 side of the said Thames street, from ouer against Smarts Key, 
 till ouer against the north west corner of saint Magnus Church 
 aforesayd : on this north side of Thames streete is saint Marie 
 Hill lane, vp to saint Margarets Church, and then part of 
 
2o6 
 
 Billinsgate warde 
 
 Smarts key. 
 Billinsgate. 
 
 Page 2oS 
 
 Customes ol 
 Billinsgate. 
 
 Sommers key. 
 Lion key. 
 
 Buttolphs 
 wharfe. 
 
 saint Margarets Pattens streete, at the ende of saint Marie hill 
 lane : Next out of Thames streete is Lucas lane, and then 
 Buttolph lancj and at the North end thereof Philpot lane, then 
 is Rother lane, of olde time so called, and thwart the same lane 
 is little Eastcheape, and these be the bounds of Billinsgate 
 warde. Touching the principall ornaments within this ward. 
 On the south side of Thames streete, beginning at the East 
 ende thereof, there is first the saide Smarts Key, so called of 
 one Smart sometime owner thereof, the next is Belinsgate 
 whereof the whole warde taketh name, the which (leauing out 
 of the fable thereof, faigning it to be builded by King Beline 
 a Briton, long before the incarnation of Christ) is at this 
 present a large Watergate, Port or Harbrough for shippes 
 and boats, commonly arriuing there with fish, both fresh and 
 salt, shell fishes, salt, Orenges, Onions, and other fruits and 
 rootes, wheate, Rie, and graine of diuers sorts for seruice of 
 the Citie, and the parts of this Realme adioyning. This gate 
 is now more frequented then of olde time, when the Queenes 
 Hith was vsed, as being appointed by the Kings of this Realme, 
 to be the speciall or onely port for taking vp of all such kind 
 of marchandises brought to this Citie by strangers and 
 Forrenners, and the draw bridge of timber at London bridge 
 was then to be raised or drawne vp for passage of ships with 
 tops thither. | 
 
 Touching the auncient customes of Belinsgate in the raigne 
 of Edward the third, euerie great ship landing there, payd for 
 standage two pence, euery little ship with Orelockes a penny, 
 the lesser boate called a Battle a halfepenny : of two quarters 
 of come measured, the king was to haue one farthing, of a 
 Combe of corne a pennie, of euery weight going out of the 
 Citie a halfepennie, of two quarters of sea coale measured a 
 farthing, and of euery Tunne of Ale going out of England 
 beyond the seas, by Marchant strangers foure pence, of euery 
 thousand Herring a farthing, except the franchises, &c. 
 
 Next to this is Sommers key, which likewise tooke that 
 name of one Sommer dwelling there, as did Lion key of one 
 Lion owner thereof, and since of the signe of a Lion. 
 
 Then is there a faire Wharfe or Key, called Buttolphes gate, 
 by that name so called in the times of William the Conqueror, 
 
Billinsgate warde 207 
 
 and of Edward the Confessor, as I haue shewed alreadie in 
 the description of the Gates. 
 
 Next is the parish Church of Saint Btitiolphs, a proper Parish church 
 churchj and hath had many fayre monuments therein, now°^^-^""°'P''- 
 defaced and gone : notwithstanding I find by Testimonies 
 abroad, that these were buried there, to wit, Roger Coggar, 
 1384. Andrew Pikeman, ?iV\d loan his wife, 1391. Nicholas 
 lames Ironmonger, one of the Shirififes, 1423. William Rain- 
 well, Fishmonger, and lohn Rainwell his sonne, Fishmonger, 
 Maior, 1436. and deceasing 1445. buried there with this 
 Epitaph. 
 
 Citizens of London, call to your remembrance, lohn Rainwei 
 
 The famous lohn Rainwell, sometime your Maior, °^ 
 
 Of the Staple of Callis, so was his chance. 
 
 Here lieth now his Corps, his soule bright and fair e, 
 
 Is taken to heauens blisse, thereof is no dispaire. 
 
 His acts beare witnes, by matters of recorde. 
 
 How charitable he was, and of what accorde, 
 
 No man hath beene so beneficiall as hee, 
 
 Vnto the Citie in giuing liberallie, &c. 
 
 He gaue a stone house to bee a Reuestrie to that Church for | 
 euer : more, he gaue landes and Tenements to the vse of the Page 2og 
 Comminaltie, that the Maior and Chamberlaine should satisfie Billinsgate 
 vnto the discharge of all persons, inhabiting the wards of "'^^^^'^^^^"'"1^^ 
 Belinsgate, Downegate, and Aldgate, as oft as it shall happen AWgate ward, 
 any fifteene, by Parliament of the king to be graunted, also aiTfifteenes." 
 to the Exchequer in discharge of the Shirififes, ten pound 
 yearely, which the shiriffes vsed to pay for the Farme of 
 Southwarke, so that all men of the Realme, comming or 
 passing with carriage, should be free quitted and discharged 
 of all Toll and other payments, afore time claimed by the 
 shiriffes. Further, that the Maior and Chamberlaine shall 
 pay yearely to the shirififes eight pound, so that the said 
 shirififes take no maner Toll or money of any person of this 
 Realme, for their goodes, Marchandizes, victuals, and carriages 
 for their passages at the great gate of the Bridge of the Citie, 
 nor at the gate called the draw Bridge, &c. The ouerplus of 
 money comming of the said lands and Tenements, deuided 
 
2o8 na/ii/sc^nfc wardc 
 
 into euen portions, the one i)art to bee impluycd to instorc 
 the Grayners of the Citic with Wheatc for the rclecfe of the 
 poore Comminaltio, and the other inoylic to clcare and dense 
 the shelucs, and otlier stoppages of the riuer of Thames, &c. 
 
 Stephen lu>rsta)' l<"ishniongcr, Maior in the yearc i4.5-|.- ii"d 
 Dame Agnes his wife, lie buried there. IVil/iam lUicun 
 Haberdasher, one of the Shiriffcs, 1480. was there buried, 
 besides many other persons of good worship, whose niomi- 
 ments are al destroyed Ijy bad and greedy men of spoyle. 
 'rijcmimlicr This parish of saint IhiUolph is no f;rcat thin;;, notwith- 
 
 Utcly'in-''''' J^tandiiig diucrse strangers are there harboured, as may ap|)ear(: 
 creased in tliia by a [)resentinent, not many ycrcs sinee made, of strangers 
 inhabitants in the warde (jf Hilh'nsgale in these wordes. fii 
 BiUinsgate warde were (jne and fiftie liousbolds of strangers, 
 whereof thirtie of these houshoides inhabited in the parisli of 
 saint Ptiittolpk in the chiefc and i)rlneipall houses, wliere they 
 giue twcntie pounde the yeare for a liouse lati^ly letten for 
 foure markes : the nearer they dwell to the water side, the 
 more they giue for houses, and within thirtie ycarcs before 
 there was not in the whole warde aboue three Netherlanders, 
 at which time there was within llic said |)aiish Icuied for tiie 
 helpe of the [joore, seauen and tvventie [xnmd by the yeare, | 
 Pa^e jio but since they came so plentifully thither, there cainiot bee 
 gathered aboue eleuen pound, for the stranger will not con- 
 tribute to such charges as other Citizens d(;e. Thus mucli for 
 that south side of this warde. 
 Uoase Alley On the North side is lio.sse Alley, .so called of a Hosse of 
 ^'"L'.'l? ■'^"'f'^^ spring water continually running, which standcth by Hillins- 
 gate, against this Alley, and was s(jmetimes made by the 
 Executors of Richnrd IVhitlii/j^lDJi. 
 s. Mary hill Then is saint Marie hill lane, which rurmeth vp North from 
 BiUinsgate, to the end of S. Margnrcl. I'utlrns, commonly 
 called Roode lane, and the greatest halfe of that lane is al,w 
 of Belinsgate warde. In this saint Marie hill lane is the faire 
 I'ariah churcli parish church of saint Mary called on the hill, because of the 
 of a Mary ^^^.g^^ f^^^ Jiillin.sgate. 
 
 This Church hath beene lately builded, as may apjieare by 
 this that foUoweth. Richard Hackney one of the .shiriffes in 
 the yeare j^aa. and Alice his wife were there buried, an Robert 
 
Billinsgate warde 209 
 
 Fabimi writeth, saying thus. In the yeare 1497. in the 
 moneth of Aprill, as Labourers digged for the foundation of a 
 wall, within the Church of saint Marie hill neare vnto Belins- 
 gate, they found a coffin of rotten timber, and therein the 
 Corps of a woman whole of skinne, and of bones vndeseuered, 
 and the ioyntes of her armes plyable, without breaking of the 
 skinne, vpon whose sepulchre this was engrauen, Here lieth 
 the bodies of Richard Hackney Fishmonger, and Alice his wife. 
 The which Richard was shiriffe in the fifteenth of Edward the Alice Hack- 
 second, her bodie was kept aboue grounde three or foure °*y ^°""f ™' 
 
 '^ ° corrupted more 
 
 dayes without noysance, but then it waxed vnsauorie, and so then 100 yeres 
 
 was againe buried. lohn Mordant stockefishmonger was tuded ^ ^^^^ 
 
 buryed there, 1387. Nicholas Exton Fishmonger, Maior, 
 
 1387, William Cambridge Maior, 1420. Richard Goslin 
 
 shiriffe, 1422. William Phillip Sergeant at Armes, 1473, 
 
 Robert Reuell one of the shiriffes, 1490. gaue liberally towarde 
 
 the new building of this Church, and steeple, and was there 
 
 buried, William Remington Maior, 1500. sir Thomas Blanke, 
 
 Maior, 1582, William Holstocke Esquire, Controller of the 
 
 Queenes ^ shippes, sir Cutbert Buckle Maior, 1594. | 
 
 This lane on both sides is furnished with many fayre houses Page 211 
 for Marchantes, and hath at the North end thereof, one other 
 lane called 5. Margaret Pattens, because of olde time Pattens s. Margaret 
 were there vsually made and sold : but of latter time this is P^"e°s ^ l=>-"e 
 called Roode lane, of a Roode there placed, in the Church- 
 yeard of Saint Margaret, whilest the olde Church was taken Parish church 
 downe, and againe newly builded, during which time the pafteM.^"^^"^' 
 oblations made to this Roode, were imployed towardes 
 building of the Church, but in the yeare 1538. about the 33. 
 of May in the morning the sayde Roode was found to haue 
 beene in the night preceding ^ (by people vnknown) broken 
 all to peeces, together with the Tabernacle, wherein it had 
 beene placed. Also on the 27. of the same moneth, in the 
 same parish amongst the Basketmakers, a great and sudden Fire in Rode 
 fire happened in the night season, which within the space of ^°^" 
 three howres consumed more then a dozen houses, & nine 
 
 ' Queenes] kings i^gS, 1603 
 
 2 Pattens] Patents isgS ; patentes 1603 
 
 ' preceding] proceeding ijqS, 1603 
 
2IO Billinsgate loardc 
 
 persons were brent to death there, and thus ceased that worke 
 of this Church, being at that time nigh finished to the steeple. 
 The lane on both sides beyond the same church to the mid- 
 way towardes Fenchurch streete is of Bellinsgate warde. 
 
 Rope lane or Then againe out of Thames streete, by the west end of 
 Saint J\Iary hill Church, runneth vp one other Lane, of old 
 time called Roape Lane, since called Lucas lane, of one Lucas 
 owner of some part thereof, and now corruptly called Loue 
 Lane, it runneth vp by the east end of a parish church of 
 
 Parish church saint Andrew Hubbert, or Saint Andreiv in East Cheape : 
 
 Hubbert/^^'' This Church and all the whole Lane called Lucas lane is of 
 this Belinsegate Warde. 
 
 Then haue yee one other lane out of Thames streete, called 
 Buttolph Lane, because it riseth ouer against the Parrish 
 Church of S. Buttolph, and runneth vp North by the east end 
 of S. Georges Church, to the West end of S. Androwes church, 
 and to the south end of Philpot lane. 
 
 Parish church This Parrish Church of S. George in Buttolph lane is small, 
 
 Bnttolph'lane. ^"^ the Monuments for two hundred yeares past are well pre- 
 . serued from spoyle, whereof one is oi Adam Bamme Mayor 
 1397. Richard Bamme Esquier, his sonne of Gillingham in 
 Kent, 1452. lohn Walton Gentleman 1 40 1. Af«r/(?r a Gentle- 
 man, 1400. lohn Saint lohi Marchant of Leauaunt, and | 
 
 Past 313 Agnes his wife, 1400. Hugh Spencer Esquier, 1424. William 
 Combes Stockfishmonger, one of the Shiriffes, 1452. who gaue 
 forty pound towardes the workes of that Church. lohn Stokar 
 Draper one of the Shiriffes, 1477. Richard Dryland Esquier, 
 and Katherine his wife, Daughter to Morrice Brnne Knight of 
 South Ockendon in Essex ^, Steward of Housholde to Humfrey 
 Duke of Glocester, 1487, Nicholas PartricJi one of the 
 Shiriffes, 1519. in the Churchyeard, William Forman Mayor, 
 1538. lames Mtimforde Esquier, Surgeon to King Henry the 
 eight, buried 1544, Thomas Gayle Haberdasher, I'^^o. Nicholas 
 Wilford Marchant Taylor and Elizabeth his wife, about the 
 yeare 1551. Edward Heyward 1573, &c. Roger Delakere, 
 founded a Chauntrie there. 
 
 Rother lane or Then haue yee one other lane called Rother Lane, or Red 
 e rose ane. -^^gg Lane, of such a signe there, now commonly called 
 
 ' South Ockendon] : Southuckenton 1603 
 
Billinsgate warde 2n 
 
 Pudding Lane, because the Butchers of Eastcheape haue their 
 skalding House for Hogges there, and their puddinges with 
 other fihh of Beastes, are voided downe that way to theyr dung 
 boates on the Thames. 
 
 This Lane stretcheth from Thames streete to h'ttie Easte 
 Cheape chiefly inhabited by Basketmakers, Turners and 
 Butchers, and is all of Billinsgate Warde. The Garland in 
 little East Cheape, sometime a Brewhouse, with a Garden on 
 the backside, adioyning to the Garden of Sir lokn Philpot, 
 was the chiefe house in this East Cheape, it is now diuided 
 into sundry small tenements, &c. 
 
 This Warde hath an Alderman and his Deputie, common 
 Counsellors (seuen) \ Constables eleuen, Scauengers sixe, for 
 the Wardmote inquest foureteene and a Beadle, it is taxed to 
 the fifteen in London at 32. pound, and in the Exchequer at 
 one and thirty pound, ten shillings. | 
 
 Bridge warde within Page 21} 
 
 JjRIDGEWARD within, so called of London Bridge, which Bridgewarde 
 Bridge is a principall part of that Ward, and beginneth at the "''"^'"• 
 stulpes on the South end by Southwarke, runneth along the 
 Bridge, and North vp Bridgestreete, commonly called (of Bridge streete 
 the Fishmarket) New Fishstreete, from Fishstreete hil, vp "^^'^^^ ^"''' 
 Grasse streete, to the North corner of Grasse church, all the 
 Bridge is replenished on both the sides with large, fayre 
 and beautifull buildinges, inhabitants for the most part rich 
 marchantes, and other wealthy Cittizens, Mercers and Haber- 
 dashers. 
 
 In new Fishstreete bee Fishmongers and fayre Tauernes 
 on Fishstreete hill and Grassestreete, men of diuerse trades, 
 Grocers and Haberdashers. 
 
 In Grassestreete haue yee one fayre Conduit of sweete Water Con- 
 water castellated with crest and vent, made by the appoynt- gt"^ete "^"^^^^ 
 ment of Thomas HillMayor, 1484. who gaue by his testament 
 one hundred markes, towardes the conuayance of water to 
 this place. It was begun by his Executors in the yeare 1491. 
 and finished of his goods whatsoeuer it cost. 
 
 ^ blank in 1398, 1603 
 P 3 
 
212 Bridge warde within ' 
 
 Parish church On the East side of this Bridge warde, haue yee the fayre 
 
 " • ^gnus. p^j-j-igj^ Church of S. Magnus, in the which church haue beene 
 
 buried many men of good Worship, whose monumentes are 
 
 now for the most part vtterly defaced. I find lohn Blund 
 
 Mayor, 1307. Henry Yeuele Freemason to E. 3 Richard the 2. 
 
 & Henry the 4. who deceased 1400. his Monument yet re- 
 
 mayneth. William Brampton, lohn Michell Mayor, 1436. 
 
 lohn French, Baker, Yeoman of the Crowne to Henry the 7. 
 
 1510. Roberte Clarke Fishmonger 1521. Richard Turke one of 
 
 the Shiriffs 1549. William Steede Alderman, Richard Morgan 
 
 Knight, chiefe lustice of the common pleas ^, iSi(>. Mauritius 
 
 Griffeth Bishoppe of Rochester, 1559. Robert Blanch Girdler 
 
 1567. Robert Belgrane Girdler, William Brame, lohn Couper 
 
 Fishmonger, Alderman, who was put by his turn of Mao-| 
 
 Page 214 raltie, 1584. Sir William Garrard Haberdasher, Mayor 1555. 
 
 a graue, sober, wise and discreete Cittizen, equall with the best, 
 
 and inferior to none of our time, deceased 1571. in the parrish 
 
 of 5. Christopher, but was buried in this Church of Saint 
 
 Magnus as in the parrish where he was borne, a fayre monument 
 
 is there raysed on him : Robert Harding Salter, one of the 
 
 Shiriffs 1568. Simon Low Marchant Taylor, Esquier, &c. 
 
 Parish church Then is the parrish Church of S. Margaret on Fishstreete 
 
 vponfishlreet ^'^'^j ^ Proper Church, but monumentes it hath none : a foot 
 
 hill. way passeth by the south side of this Church, from Fishstreet 
 
 hill into Rother lane. 
 Parish church Vp higher on this hill, is the parrish Church of Saint 
 Milk^church." Leonard Milke Churche, so termed of one William Melker, 
 an especiall builder thereof, but commonly called Saint 
 Leonardes in East Cheape, because it standeth at East Cheape 
 corner. Monumentes there bee of the Doggets, namely, 
 Walter Doggct Vintner, one of the Shiriffes, 138c. lohn 
 Dogget Vintner and Allice his wife, about 1456. this lohn 
 Dogget gaue lands to that Church, William Dogget, &c. 
 
 This Church, and from thence into little East Cheape to 
 the east end of the saide Church, is of the Bridge Warde. 
 Then higher in Grasse streete is the parrish Church of 
 
 ' Bridge warde within] : pp. 214-'] in error Billinsgate warde 1603 
 ''■ pleas] place 1598, i6oj 
 
Bridge warde within 213 
 
 Saint Bennet, called Grasse Church, of the Herbe market Grasse church 
 there kept: this Church also is of the Bridge Warde, and the GrL^church. 
 farthest North end thereof: some Monumentes i-emayne there 
 vndefaced, as oi lohii Harding Saltar, 3576. lohn Sturgeon 
 Haberdasher, Chamberlaine of London, PMltp Cushen Floren- 
 tine, a famous marchant, 1600. 
 
 The Customes of Grasse church market, in the raigne of Customcsof 
 Edivardt\\& third, as I haue reade in a Booke of Customes, ^"^^^^^^^"^'^^' 
 were these : Euery Forren' Cart laden with corne, or Maulte, 
 comming thether to bee sold, was to pay one halfe peny, euery 
 Forren cart bringing cheese two pence, euery cart of corne 
 & cheese together, (if the cheese be more worth then the 
 corne) two pence, and if the corne bee more worth then the 
 cheese, it was to paye a halfe peny, of two horses laden with 
 corne or malte, the Bayliffe had one Farthing, the cart of the 
 Franchise of the temple and | of Saint Martins le grand, payed Page 21; 
 a Farthing : the cart of the Hospitall of Saint lohn of Jeru- 
 salem paid nothing for their proper goods, and if the corne 
 were brought by Marchants to sel againe, the load paid a 
 halfepennie, &c. 
 
 On the west side of this ward, at the north end of London 
 bridge is a part of Thames streete, which is also of this warde, Thames 
 to wit, so much as of old time was called Stockefish monger gj^g^g^i^. 
 Row, of the stockefishmongers dwelling there, downe west to monger row. 
 a water gate, of old time called Ebgate, since Ebgate lane, Ebgate lane. 
 and now the olde swan, which is a common stayre on the 
 Thames, but the passage is very narrow by meanes of en- 
 crochments. On the South side of Thames streete, about the 
 midway betwixt the bridge foote, and Ebgate lane, standeth 
 the Fishmongers hall, and diuerse other fair houses for Fishmongers 
 marchants. 
 
 These Fishmongers were sometimes of two seuerall compa- Antiquities of 
 nies, to wit, Stockefishmongers, and Saltfishmongers, of whose ^^^ ^12^0." 
 antiquitie I reade, that by the name of Fishmongers of 
 London, they were for forestalling, &c. contrarie to the lawes 
 and constitutions of the Citie, fined to the king at 500. 
 markes, the 18. of king Edward the first. More, that the 
 said Fishmongers, hearing of the great victorie obtained by 
 the same king against the Scots, in the a6. of his raigne, made 
 
214 Bridge warde within 
 
 A triumphant a triumphant and solemne shew through the Citie, with 
 
 shew made by ,. ,-, , , , , ci • ii. 
 
 the fishmon- uiuerse Pageants, and more then looo. horsemen, inc. as m the 
 gers for victo- Chapter of sports and pastimes. These two companies of 
 
 rieofthekmg. „ , . ^ ' r i i • i i i. • 
 
 btockefishmongers and Saltfishmongers, of old time had then- 
 
 seuerall Hals, to wit, in Thames streete twaine, in newe Fish- 
 
 streete twaine, and in olde Fishstreete twaine : in each place 
 
 Fishmongers one for either companie, in all sixe seuerall halles, the com- 
 
 Londin. ^ ^ '" panie was so great, as I haue read, and can proue by Recordes. 
 
 Fishmongers These Fishmongers hauine: beene iolly Citizens, and sixe 
 
 sixe of them -. . r .-i • • ■ , r ^ v 
 
 Maiors in 24. Maiors 01 their companie in the space of 24. yeares, to wit, 
 yeares. Walta' Turke, 1350. lolui Lofkin, 1359. lohn Wroth, 1361. 
 
 lohn Peckie, 1362. Simon Morden, 1369. and William Wal- 
 Fishmongers worth, 1374. It followed that in the yeare 1383. through the 
 tings enmed of counsel 1 of loJiii NortJiamptoii Draper then being Maior, 
 the other William Essex, lohn More Mercer, and Richard Northhirie, 
 
 companies. 
 
 the sayde Fishmongers were greatly troubled, hindered of 
 Pa^c 216 their liberties, | and almost destroyed by congregations made 
 against them, so that in a Parliament at London the con- 
 trouersie depending betweene the Maior and Aldermen of 
 Nicholas London, and the Fishmongers there, Nicholas Exton speaker 
 Fish°mongers'^ for the Fishmongers, prayeth the king to receiue him and his 
 craned the companie into his protection, for feare of corporall hurt. 
 
 kings protec- ,,,, . , , . , 1 1 
 
 tion. VVherevpon it was commanded, either part to keepe the peace, 
 
 on paine of loosing all they had. Herevpon a Fishmonger 
 starting vp, replyed that the complaint brought against them 
 by the moouers, &c. was but matter of malice, for that the 
 Fishmongers in the raigne of Edward the third, being chiefe 
 officers of the Citie, had for their misdemeaners then done, 
 committed the chiefe exhibitors of those petitions to prison. 
 In this parliament, the Fishmongers by the kings Chartar 
 patents were restored to their liberties : notwithstanding in the 
 lohn Cauen- yeare next following, to wit, 1383. lohn Cauendish Fishmonger, 
 dish craued craueth the peace against the Chauncellor of England, which 
 
 the peace r a o > 
 
 against the was granted, and he put in sureties, the Earles of Stafford and 
 cha^lenget'h' Salisburie, Caitendisli. chalengeth the Chauncellor for taking 
 him for taking of a bribe of ten pound for fauour of his case, which the 
 Fishmongers Chaunccllor by oath vpon the Sacrament auoydeth. In further 
 by Parliament tj-jall it was found that the Chauncellors man without his 
 
 restored to 
 
 their liberties, maisters priuitie had taken it. Whereupon Cauendish was 
 
Bridge warde within 215 
 
 adiudged to prison, and to pay the Chauncellor looo. Markes 
 
 for slandering him. 
 
 After this many of the Nobles assembled at Reding, to 
 
 suppresse the seditious sturs of the said lohn Northampton or 
 
 Contbarton, late Maior, that had attempted great and heynous 
 
 interprises, of the which he was conuict, and when he stoode 
 
 mute, nor would vtter one worde, it was decreed, that hee 
 
 should be committed to perpetuall prison, his goods confiscate 
 
 to the kings vse, and that he should not come within one 
 
 hundred miles of London during his life. He was therefore Principall 
 
 sent to the Castell of Tintegall in the confines of Cornewall, fh^Fbhmoi" 
 
 and in the meane space the kinges seruants spoyled his gers con- 
 
 goodes. lohti More, Richard Northbery, and other, were peJ^etuaU 
 
 likewise there conuict, and condemned to perpetuall prison, prison. 
 
 and their goods confiscate, for certaine congregations by them 
 
 made against the Fishmongers in the Citie of London, as is Patent. 
 
 aforesayd, but they obtained and had the kings pardon, in the 
 
 14. I of his raigne as appeareth of Record, and thus was all Page 2ij 
 
 these troubles quieted. Those Stockfishmongers, & Saltfish- 
 
 mongers, were vnited in the year 1536, the a8. of Heurie the stockfishmon- 
 
 " eight, their hal to be but one, in the house giuen vnto them by |stmo" rs '" 
 
 sir lohn Cornzvall, Lord Fanhope, and of Ampthull, in the vnited. 
 
 parish of saint Michael in Crooked lane, in the raigne of ^^u created 
 
 Henrie the sixt. Thus much haue I thought good to note of J*^"^"" f*^"; , 
 
 . , hopp the 0. of 
 
 the Fishmongers, men ignorant of their Antiquities, not able h. the 6. 
 
 to shew a reason why, or when they were ioyned in amitie ^ n^™Jf ^''^ 
 
 with the GoldsiBiths, do giue part of their armes, &c. Neither amitiewiththe 
 
 to say ought of sir William Wahvorth, the glorie of their ^ Walworth 
 
 companie, more then that he slue lacke Straw, which is a slandered by a 
 
 .,,, r r t fable of lack 
 
 meere fable, for the said Straw was after ouerthrown 01 the straw. 
 Rebels, taken, and by iudsrement of the Maior beheaded, T.Waismg- 
 
 ''•'=> ' ham. 
 
 whose confession at the Gallowes is extant in my Annales, h, Kniton. 
 where also is set down the most valiant, and praise-worthie ' ' 
 act of William Walworth, against the principall rebell Waltar 
 Tighlar. As in reproofe of Walworths monument in Saint 
 Michaels Church I haue declared, and wished to be reformed 
 there, as in other places. 
 
 On that south side of Thames streete, haue ye Drinkwater 
 warfe, and Fish Wharfe in the parish of saint Magjius. On 
 
2i6 Bridge warde within 
 
 iJrinkwater the North Side of Thames streete is Saint Martins lane, a part 
 
 nsh^wh'arfe. ^^ whlch lane is also of this ward, to wit, on the one side to a 
 well of water, and on the other side as farre vp as against the 
 said well. Then is Saint Michaels lane, part whereof is also of 
 this warde vp to a Well there, &c. Then at the vpper end of 
 new fishstreete, is a lane turning towards S. Michaels lane, 
 
 Crooked lane, and is called Crooked lane, of the croked windings thereof. 
 Aboue this lanes end, vpon Fishstreet hill is one great house, 
 for the most part builded of stone, which pertained sometime 
 
 Edward the to Ed. the black prince, son to Ed. the 3. who was in his life 
 e pnnce. ^.jjj^g lodged there. It is now altered to a common hosterie, 
 hauing the blacke bell for a signe : Aboue this house at the 
 top of Fishstreet hil is a turning into great Eastcheape, and 
 so to the corner of Lombardstreet, ouer against the northwest 
 corner of Grasse church, & these be the whole bounds of this 
 Bridgeward within : the which hath an Alderman, and his 
 deputie, for the common counsell 16. Constables 15. Scauengers 
 6. for the wardmote inquest 16. & a Beedle. It is taxed to 
 the i^. in Lon. at 47.]. 
 
 Page 21S Candlewicke street warde 
 
 Candlewicke CaNDLEWICKE STREETE, or Candlewright streete 
 
 ^^^^\ °u\ *''*"" warde, beginneth at the East end of great Eastcheape, it 
 
 street ward, passeth west through Eastcheape to Candlewright streete, and 
 
 through the same downe to the north ende of Suffolke lane, 
 
 on the south side, and downe that lane by the west ende of 
 
 saint Laure7ice Churchyard, which is the farthest west part of 
 
 Great East- that Ward. The streete of great Eastcheape is so called of 
 
 cheape. ^j^^ Market there kept, in the East part of the Citie, as West 
 
 Cheape is a Market so called of being in the West. 
 Eastcheape a This Eastcheape is now a flesh Market of Butchers there 
 Cookes row. dwelling, on both sides of the streete, it had sometime also 
 Cookes mixed amongst the Butchers, and such other as solde 
 victuals I'eadie dressed of all sorts. For of olde time when 
 friends did meet, and were disposed to be merrie, they went 
 not to dine and suppe in Tauerns, but to the Cookes, where 
 they called for meate what them liked, which they alwayes 
 
Candlewicke street warde 217 
 
 found ready dressed at a reasonable rate, as I haue before 
 shewed. 
 
 In the yeare 1410. the u. of Henrie the fourth, vpon the The kings sons 
 euen of saint lohn Baptist, the kings sonnes, Thomas and lohn, Ea^'cheape 
 being in Eastcheape at supper, (or rather at breakefast, for it there was no 
 was after the watch was broken vp, betwixt two and three of Eastcheape. 
 the clock after midnight) a great debate happened betweene 
 their men, and other of the Court, which lasted one houre, till 
 the Maior and Shiriffes with other Citizens appeased the same : 
 for the which afterwards the said Maior, Aldermen and 
 shiriffes, were called to answere before the King, his sonnes, and 
 diuerse Lordes, being highly mooued against the Citie. At 
 which time William Gascoyne chiefe lustice required the 
 Maior and Aldermen, for the Citizens, to put them in the 
 kings grace : whereunto they aunswered, that they had not 
 offended, but (according to the law) had done | their best in Page 219 
 stinting debate, and maintaining of the peace : vpon which 
 aunswere the king remitted all his ire, and dismissed them. 
 And to prooue this Eastcheape to bee a place replenished with 
 Cookes, it may appeare by a song called London lickepennie, 
 made by Lidgate a Monke of Berrie, in the raigne of Henrie 
 the fift, in the person of a Countrie man comming to London, 
 and trauelling through the same. In West Cheape (saith the 
 song) hee was called on to buy fine lawne, Paris threed, cotton in west cheap 
 Vmblei and other linnin clothes, and such like (he speaketh of ^'^l^^|;„f °* 
 no silks) in Cornhill to buy old apparell, and houshold stuffe, siikes spoken 
 where he was forced to buy his owne hoode, which hee had 
 lost in Westminster hall : in Candlewright streete Drapers Fripparia. 
 profered him cheape cloath, in East cheape the Cookes cried JpPjji^co^hill, 
 hot ribbes of beefe rested, pies well baked, and other victuals : sellers of olde 
 there was clattering of Pewter pots, harpe, pipe, and sawtrie, ^oSshol/s'tuff, 
 yea by cocke, nay by cocke, for greater othes were spared : Eastcheape. 
 some sang of lenken, and Julian, &c. all which melodie liked 
 well the passenger, but he wanted money to abide by it, and 
 therefore gat him into Grauesend barge, & home into Kent. 
 Candlewright (so called in olde Records of the Guildhall, of 
 saint Marie Queries, and other) or Candlewicke streete tooke 
 
 1 Umble] 1603 ; umple ijg8 
 
2l8 
 
 Candlewicke street warde 
 
 Candlewright 
 or Candlewike 
 streete : wike 
 is a working 
 place. 
 
 Weauers in 
 Candlewike 
 streete. 
 Weauers 
 brought out 
 of Flanders 
 and Brabant. 
 
 Page 220 
 
 S. Clements 
 lane ; parish 
 church of S. 
 Clement in 
 Eastcheape. 
 
 Abchurch lane, 
 Parish church 
 of S. Marie 
 Abchurch. 
 
 that name (as may bee supposed) either of Chandlers, or makers 
 of Candles, both of waxe and tallow : for Candlewright is a 
 maker of Candles, or of Weeke which is the cotton or yarne 
 thereof: or otherwise Wike, which is the place where they 
 vsed to worke them, as Scalding wike by the stockes Market 
 was called of the Poulters scalding and dressing their poultrie 
 there : and in diuerse Countries, Dayrie houses, or Cottages, 
 wherein they make butter and cheese, are vsually called 
 Wickes. There dwelled also of old time diuers Weauers of 
 woollen clothes, brought in by Edward the third. For I 
 reade that in the 44. of his raigne the Weauers brought out 
 of Flaunders were appointed their meetings to be in the Church- 
 yard of saint Latirence Poultney, and the Weauers of Brabant 
 in the churchyard of saint Mary Somnierset. There were 
 then in this citie weauers of diuerse sorts, to wit, of Drapery 
 or Taperie, and Naperie. These Weauers of Candlewright 
 street being in short time worne out, their place is now 
 possessed by rich Drapers, sellers of woollen cloth, &c. On 
 the north side of this j warde, at the west end of East cheape, 
 haue yee saint Clejiients lane, a part whereof on both sides is 
 of Candlewike streete ward, to .wit, somewhat North beyond 
 the parish Church of saint Clement in Eastcheape. This is a 
 smal Church, void of monuments, other then oi Francis Barnani 
 Alderman, who deceased 1575, and of Benedicke Barnam his 
 Sonne, alderman also, 1,598. William Chartney, and William 
 Ouerie, founded a Chaunterie there. Next is saint Nicholas 
 lane for the most part on both sides of this ward, almost to 
 saint Nicholas church. Then is Abchurch lane, which is on 
 both the sides, almost wholy of this ward, the parish Church 
 there (called of saint Marie Abchurch, Apechurch, or Vp- 
 church as I haue read it) standeth somewhat neere vnto the 
 south ende thereof, on a rising ground : it is a faire Church, 
 Simon de Winchcomb founded a Chaunterie there, the 19. of 
 Richard the second. lohn Littleton founded an other, and 
 Thomas Hondon an other, & hath the monuments of /. Long 
 Esquire of Bedfordshire, 1443. William Wikenson Alderman, 
 1519. William laivdrell Tayler, 1440. sir lames Hawes Maior, 
 ]574. sir lohn Branch Maior, 1580. lohn Miners, William 
 Kettle, Sfc. 
 
Candlewicke street warde 219 
 
 On the south side of this warde, beginning againe at the S. Michaels 
 East, is saint Michaels lane, which lane is almost wholy of ^™''" 
 this warde, on both sides downe towardes Thames streete, to 
 a Well or Pumpe there. On the East side of this lane is 
 Crooked lane aforesaid by saint Michaels Church, towards Crooked lane, 
 new Fish streete. One the most ancient house in this lane is ,^'aookrd"''' 
 called the leaden porch, and belonged sometime to sir lohii lane. 
 Merston knight, the first of Edward the fourth : It is now 0^8! Michaell 
 called the swan in Crooked lane, possessed of strangers, and j" Crooked 
 selling of Rhenish wine. The parish church of this S. Michaels 
 was sometime but a small and homely thing, standing upon 
 part of that ground, wherein now standeth the parsonage 
 house : and the ground there about was a filthie plot, by 
 reason of the Butchers in Eastcheape, who made the same 
 their Laystall. William de Biii'go gaue two messuages to that 
 Church in Candlewicke streete, 1317. lohu Loueken stockfish- 
 monger, foure times Maior, builded in the same ground this faire 
 Church of saint Michael, and was there buried in the Quier, 
 vnder a faire | tombe with the Images of him and his wife in Pa^e 221 
 Alabaster : the said Church hath beene since increased with 
 a new Quier and side chappels by sir William Wahvorth 
 Stockfishmonger, Maior, sometime seruant to the saide lohn 
 Loiieken : also the tombe of Loueken was remoued, and a flat 
 stone of gray Marble garnished with plates of Copper laid on 
 him, as it yet remaineth in the bodie of the Church : this 
 William Walworth is reported to haue slaine lake i'/raw, I'^^Jp °f „ , 
 
 WilhamWal- 
 
 but lacke Straw being afterward taken, was first adiudged by worth, and 
 the said Maior, and then executed by the losse of his head in Jg'^roned™^ 
 Smithfield. True it is that this William Wahvorth being Praise of w. 
 a man wise, learned, and of an incomparable manhood, j^j^ manhood 
 arrested Wat Tyler a presumptuous rebell, vpon whom no i"^ a"esting of 
 man durst lay hand, whereby hee deliuered the king and TheMaiorwas 
 kingdome from most wicked tyrannic of traytors. The Maior ^^^^"jf™^^!' 
 arrested him on the head with a sounde blow, wherevpon Wat his head a 
 Tyler furiously stroke the Maior with his Dagger, but hurt x! w'aUing. 
 him not, by reason he was well armed ; the Maior hauing H- Knighton, 
 receiued his stroke, drew his basiliard, and grieuously wounded Eboruin. 
 Wat in the necke, and withall gaue him a great blow on the 
 head : in the which conflict, an Esquire of the kings house. 
 
220 
 
 Candlewicke street warde 
 
 Maior made 
 knight, and 
 otherwise 
 rewarded. 
 Order of mak- 
 ing a knight 
 for seruice in 
 the field. 
 
 Page 222 
 
 Aldermen 
 knighted. 
 
 CoUedge 
 founded. 
 S. Michaels 
 Crooked lane. 
 Monument of 
 Sir W. Wal- 
 worth defaced 
 and since 
 falsified, and 
 so remayneth. 
 
 called lohn Cauendish, drew his sword, and wounded Wat 
 twise or thrise euen to the death: and Wat spurring his 
 horse, cried to the commons to reuenge him : the horse bare 
 him about 80. foote from the place, and there hee fell downe 
 halfe dead, and by and by they which attended on the king 
 enuironed him about, so as he was not seene of his companie : 
 many of them thrust him in diuerse places of his bodie, and 
 drew him into the Hospitall of S. BartJiolomew, from whence 
 againe the Maior caused him to be drawne into Smithfield 
 and there to be beheaded. In reward of this seruice, (the 
 people being dispersed) the king commaunded the Maior to 
 put a Basenet on his heade, and the Maior requesting why 
 he should so do, the king answered, he being much bound 
 vnto him, would make him knight : the Maior answered, that 
 hee was neither worthie nor able to take such estate vpon 
 him, for he was but a Marchant, and had to Hue by his 
 Marchandise onely : notwithstanding, the king made him put 
 on his Basenet, and then with a sworde in both his hands he 
 strongly stroke him on the necke, as the manner was then, 
 and the same | day he made three other Citizens knights for 
 his sake in the same place, to wit, lohn Philpot, Nicholas 
 Brember, and Robert Launde Aldermen. The king gaue 
 to the Maior 100. pound land by yeare, and to each of the 
 other 40. pound land yearely, to them and their heyres for 
 euer. 
 
 After this in the same yeare, the said sir William Walworth 
 founded in the said parish church of S. Michael, a Colledge 
 of a master and nine priests or Chaplens, and deceased 1385. 
 was there buried in the north Chappell by the Quier : but his 
 monument being amongst other by bad people defaced in the 
 raigne of Edward the sixt and againe since renued by the 
 Fishmongers for lacke of knowledge, what before had beene 
 written in his Epitaph, they followed a fabulous booke, and 
 wrote lacke Straw, insteade of Wat Tilar, a great error meete 
 to be reformed there, and else where, and therefore haue I the 
 more at large discoursed of this matter. 
 
 It hath also beene, and is now growne to a common opinion, 
 that in reward of this seruice done, by the said William 
 Walworth against the rebell. King Richard added to the 
 
Candlewicke street warde 221 
 
 armes of this Citie, (which was argent, a plaine Crosse Gules) Dnnthome. 
 a sword or dagger, (for so they terme it) whereof I haue read Old seale of 
 no such recorde, but to the contrarie. I find that in the Jl'^^tm^and a^ 
 fourth yeare of Richard the second in a full assembly made new seale 
 in the vpper Chamber of the Guildhall, summoned by this xhe Armes of 
 William Wahvorth, then Maior, as well of Aldermen as of ">'^Ci"^7"'^ 
 
 • rr • "°' altered, 
 
 the common Counsell in euery warde, for certame affau'es but remayne 
 concerning the king, it was there by common consent agreed ^y\^e'^a™° t 
 and ordained, that the olde Seale of the office of the Maioralty aplaynecrosse 
 of the citie being very smal, old, vnapt, & vncomely for the of"s!^Paule, in 
 honor of the citie, should be broken, and one other new ^"^^ ^rst quar- 
 should be had, which the said maior commaunded to be made dagger of w. 
 artificially, and honourable for the exercise of the said office j^^f^^^°ig'j^ ^^ 
 thereafter in place of the other : in which new Seale, besides 
 the Images of Peter, & Paul, which of old were rudely 
 engrauen, there should be vnder the feet of the said Images, 
 a shield of the armes of the saide Citie perfectly graued, with 
 two Lions supporting the same with two sergeants of armes, ^an 
 other part,^ one, and two tabernacles, in which aboue should 
 stand two Angels, between whom aboue the said I|mages oi Page 223 
 Peter and Paule, shall bee set the glorious virgine : this being 
 done, the old Seale of the Office was deliuered to Richard 
 Odiham Chamberlaine, who brake it, and in place thereof, 
 was deliuered the new seale to the said Maior to vse in his 
 office of Maioraltie, as occasion should require. This new 
 seale seemeth to bee made before William Walworth was 
 knighted, for he is not here intituled Sir, as afterwards he 
 was : and certain it is that the same new seale then made, is 
 now in vse and none other in that office of the Maioraltie : 
 which may suffice to aunswere the former fable, without 
 shewing of any euidence sealed with the olde seale, which was 
 the Crosse, and sworde of Saint Paule, and not the dagger of 
 William Walworth. 
 
 Now of other monuments in that Church, Simon Mordon 
 Maior, 1368. was buried there, /i3>^« (9/«<y Maior 1446. Robert 
 March Stockfishmonger gaue two peeces of ground to be a 
 Churchyard: lohn Radwell Stockfishmonger, buried 1415. 
 George Goivre Esquire, son to Edward Gowre Stockfish- 
 1-1 an other part 1603 ; in the other part 1633 
 
222 
 
 Candlewicke street warde 
 
 CoUecIge 
 honse in 
 crooked lar 
 
 Page 224 
 
 Houses in 
 Crooked lane 
 blowne vp 
 with gunpow- 
 der. 
 
 S. Martins 
 Orgar lane, 
 and parish 
 church. 
 
 Parish church 
 of S. Martin 
 Orgar. 
 
 monger, Esquire, 1470. Alexander Ptirpoynt Stockefishmonger, 
 1373. Andretu Buret Gentleman, of Grayes Inne H^?- ^"hn 
 Shrow Stockfishmonger 1487. with this Epitaph. 
 
 Farewell my friends the tide abidetli no man, 
 I am departed tience, and so shall ye. 
 But in this passage the best song that I can, 
 Is Requiem aeternam, now Teste grant it me, 
 When I hane ended all mine adtcersitie, 
 Grant me in Paradise to hane a mansion. 
 That shedst thy blood for my redemption. 
 
 John Finkell one of the Shiriffes, 1487. was knighted, and 
 gaue 40. li. to this church, the one halfe for his monument. 
 lolm Pattesley Maior, 1441. Thomas Ewen Grocer, bare halfe 
 the charges in building of the steeple, and was buried 150 1. 
 William Combes Gent, of Stoke by Gilford in Surrey, 1502. 
 Sir lohn Brudge Maior, ^1530.^ gaue 50. li. for a house called 
 the Colledge in Crooked lane, he lieth buried in S. Nicholas 
 Hacon. W altar F aire ford, Robert Barre, Alexander Hey ban, 
 Tohn Motie, \ lohn Gramstone, lohn Brampton, lohn Wood, 
 Stockfishmonger, 1531. Sir Henry Avicots Maior, 1548. &c. 
 Hard by this Saint Michaels Church, on the south side 
 thereof, in the yeare 1560. on the fift of Julie through the 
 shooting of a Gun, which brake in the house of one Adrian 
 Arten a Dutchman, and set fire on a Firkin and Barrell of 
 Gunpowder, foure houses were blovven vp, and diuerse other 
 sore shattered, 11. men and women were slaine, and 16. so 
 hurt and brused, that they hardly escaped with life. 
 
 West from this Saint Michaels lane, is Saint Martins Orgar 
 lane, by Candlewicke street, which lane is on both sides 
 down to a Well, replenished with faire and large houses for 
 marchants, and it is of this ward : one of which houses was 
 sometime called Beachamps Inne, as pertaining vnto them of 
 that familie. Thomas Arnndel, Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 commonly for his time was loged there. 
 
 The parish Church of saint Martin Orgar is a small thing. 
 William Crowmer Maior, builded a proper Chappell on the 
 south side thereof, and was buried there, 1433. lohn Mathew 
 '"' 1520, deceased 1330, Stow's MS, 
 
Candlewicke street warde 223 
 
 Maior, 1490. Sir William Huet Maior, 1559, with his Ladie 
 and daughter, wife to sir Edward Osburne ^, Raph Tabinham 
 . Alderman, Alice wife to Thomas Winslow, Thorndon, Bene- 
 dicke Reding, Thomas Harding, lames Smith, Richard Gain- 
 ford Esquire, lohn Bold, &x. Then is there one other lane 
 called saint Laurence, of the parish Church there. This lane, 
 down to the south side of the churchyard, is of Candlewicke 
 street ward. The parish church of saint Laurence was in- Parish chnrch 
 creased with a Chappell of lesus by Thomas Cole, for a maister Pouitney"™'"' 
 and Chapleine, the which Chappell and parish Church was ™ade a Col- 
 made a Colledge of lesus, and of Corpus Christi, for a maister 
 and seuen Chapleins, by John Poultney maior, and was con- 
 firmed by Edward the third, the 20. of his raigne : of him 
 was this Church called S. Laurence Poultney in Candle- 
 wicke street, which Colledge was valued at 79.1i. 17.S. xi.d. 
 and was surrendred in the raigne of Edward the sixt. 
 Robert Ratcliffe earle of Sussex, and Henry Ratcliffe earle of 
 Sussex, were buried there. Alderman Beswicke was buried 
 there, lohn Oliffe Alderman, Robert Browne and others. 
 Thus I much for this ward, and the antiquities thereof. It Page 22; 
 hath now an Alderman, his Deputie, common Counsellors 8. 
 Constables 8. Scauengers 6. Wardmote inquest men 13, and 
 a Beedle. It is taxed to the fifteene at xvi. pound. 
 
 Walbrooke warde 
 
 WaLBROOKE warde beginneth at the West end of Candle- Walbrooke 
 wicke streete ward. It runneth downe Candlewicke street west ^" ^' 
 towards Budge row. It hath on the northside thereof S. 
 Swithens lane, so called of S. Swithens a parish Church by 
 London stone : This lane is replenished on both the sides 
 with faire builded houses, and is wholy of Walbrooke warde. 
 The said parish Church of S. Swithen standeth at the south- Parish church 
 west corner of this lane. Licence was procured to new build ° ' '^^ ^"' 
 and encrease the said Church and steeple, in the yeare 1430. 
 Sir lohn Hend Draper, Maior, was an especiall benefactor 
 thereunto, as appeareth by his armes in the Glasse windpwes 
 
 ^ Osburne] Osborne isgS 
 
224 
 
 Walbrooke warde 
 
 Prior of Tor- 
 tington his 
 Inne. 
 
 Oxford place 
 by London 
 stone. 
 
 Empson and 
 Dudley. 
 
 Page 226 
 
 London stone. 
 
 Antiquitie of 
 London stone. 
 
 Lib. Trinitate. 
 
 euen in the toppes of them, which is in a field siluer, a chiefe 
 Azure, a Lion passant siluer, a Cheueron azure, three Escalops 
 siluer : he lieth buried in the bodie of this Church, with a faire 
 stone laid on him, but the plates and inscriptions are defaced. 
 Roger Depham Alderman, Thomas Aylesbotcrgh, William 
 Neue, and Matilde Caxton, founded Chaunteries, and were 
 buried there, lohn Butler Draper, one of the Shiriffes, 1430. 
 Raph loceline, Maior, a benefactor, buried in a fayre Tombe, 
 William White Draper, one of the Shiriffes, 148a. and other. 
 On the north side of this Church and Churchyard, is one 
 faire and large builded house, sometime pertayning to the 
 prior of Tortington in Sussex, since to the Earles of Oxford, 
 and now to sir lohn Hart Alderman : which house hath 
 a faire Garden belonging thereunto, lying on the west side 
 thereof. On the backeside of two other faire houses in Wal- 
 brooke, in the raigne of Henrie the seuenth, sir Richard 
 Empsoji knight, Chanceler of the Duchieof Lancaster, dwelled 
 in the one of them, and Edmond Dudley \ Esquire in the other: 
 either of them had a doore of entercourse into this Garden, 
 wherein they met and consulted of matters at their pleasures. 
 In this Oxford place sir Ambrose Nicholas kept his Maioraltie, 
 and since him the said sir lohi Hart. 
 
 On the south side of this high streete, neare vnto the chan- 
 nell is pitched vpright a great stone called London stone, 
 fixed in the ground verie deepe, fastned with bars of iron, 
 and otherwise so strongly set, that if Cartes do run against it 
 through negligence, the wheeles be broken, and the stone 
 it selfe vnshaken. 
 
 The cause why this stone was there set, the time when, or 
 other memorie hereof, is none, but that the same hath long 
 continued there is manifest, namely since (or rather before) 
 the conquest : for in the ende of a faire written Gospell booke 
 giuen to Christes Church in Canterburie, by Ethelstane king 
 of the west Saxons, I find noted of landes or rents in London 
 belonging to thesayd Church, whereof one parcell is described 
 to lie neare unto London stone. Of later time we read that 
 in the yeare of Christ 11 35. the first of king Stephen, a fire 
 which began in the house of one Ailward, neare vnto 
 London stone consumed all East to Aldgate, in the which fire 
 
JValbrooke warde 225 
 
 the Priorie of the holy Trinitie was burnt, and West to S. 
 Erhenwalds shrine in Paules Church : and these be the eldest 
 notes that I reade thereof. 
 
 Some haue said this stone to be set, as a marke in the 
 middle of the Citie within the walles : but in truth it standeth 
 farre nearer vnto the riuer of Thames, then to the wall of the 
 Citie : some others haue said the same to be set for the tender- 
 ing and making of payment by debtors to their creditors, at 
 their appoynted dayes and times, till of later time, payments 
 were more vsually made at the Font in Poules ^ Church, and 
 now most commonly at the Royall Exchange : some againe 
 haue imagined the same to bee set vp by one lohn or Thomas 
 Londonstone dwelling there agaynst, but more likely it is, that 
 such men haue taken name of the stone, then the stone of 
 them, as did lohn at Noke, Thomas at Stile, William at Wall, 
 or at Well, &c. 
 
 Downe west from this parish church, and from London 
 stone, haue ye Walbrooke corner: from whence runneth vp 
 a streete. North to the Stockes, called Walbrooke, because it 
 standeth on J the east side of the same brooke by the banke Page 2-y 
 thereof, and the whole warde taketh name of that streete. On 
 the east side of this streete and at the north corner thereof is 
 the Stockes market, which had this beginning. Aboute the 
 yeare of Christ 138a. Henry Wales Mayor caused diuers Walbrooke 
 
 strcctc 
 
 houses in this Citty to bee builded towards the mamtenance 
 of London bridge: namely one void place neare vnto the 
 parish Church called Woole Church, on the north side thereof, 
 where sometime (the way being very large and broade) had 
 stoode a payre of Stocks, for punishment of offenders, this Stocks market. 
 building tooke name of these Stockes, and was appoynted by 
 him to bee a market place for fish and flesh in the midst of the The middest 
 city, other houses hee builded in other places, as by the patent ° ^ "^' 
 of Edward the first it doth appeare, dated the tenth of his 
 raigne. After this in the yeare 132a. the 17. of Edtvard the 
 second a decree was made by Hamond Chickwell Mayor, that 
 none should sell fish or flesh out of the markets appoynted, to 
 witte Bridge street, East Cheape, Olde Fishstreete, S. Nicholas 
 shambles, and the saide Stockes vpon pain to forfeite such 
 > Pontes tsgS ; Fonts 1603, z6j3 
 
226 VFalbrooke warde 
 
 fish or flesh as were sold, for the first time, and the second 
 time to loose theyr freedom, which act was made by com- 
 mandement of the king vnder his letters patents dated at the 
 Tower the 17. of his raign, and then was this stocks let to 
 farmefor 46. pound, 13. shillinges, foure pence by yeare. This 
 Stockes market was againe begunne to bee builded in the 
 
 Ro. Fabian, yeare 141 o. in the 11. of Henry the fourth, and was finished in 
 the yeare next following. In the yeare 1507. the same was 
 rented 56. pound, 19. shillinges ten pence. And in the 
 yeare 1543. lohn Cotes being Mayor, there was in this Stockes 
 Market for Fishmongers 25. boordes or stalles, rented yearely 
 to thirty foure pound thirteene shillinges foure pence, there 
 was for Butchers 18. boordes or stalles, rented at one and 
 forty pound, sixeteen shillinges foure pence, and there were 
 also chambers aboue, sixeteene rented at fine pound, thirteene 
 shillinges foure pence, in all 82.1i. 3.S. 
 
 Parish church Next vnto this Stocks is the parrish church of S. Mary Wool 
 
 ?/,^',*^?^^ , church, so called of a Beam placed in the church yeard, which 
 \\ 001 cnurch, ' -' 
 
 was thereof called Wooll Church Haw, of the Tronage.or weigh- 
 ing of Wooll there vsed, and to verifie this, I find amongst 
 Page 22S the I customes of London, written in French, in the raigne of 
 TronageoT Edward the second, a Chapter intituled Les Customes de 
 wool "caused Wolchurch Haul, wherein is set downe what was there to bee 
 the church to paide for euery parcell of Wooll weighed. This Tronage or 
 WooU™hurch Weighing of Woole till the sixt of Richarde the second was 
 Haw. there continued, lohn Chnrchman then builded the Custome 
 
 house vppon Wooll keye, to serue for the saide Tronage, as is 
 before shewed in Towerstreete Warde : This church is reason- 
 able fayre and large, and was lately new builded, by licence 
 graunted in the 30. of Henry the sixt, with condition to bee 
 builded 15. foote from the Stockes market for sparing of light 
 to the same Stockes. The Parson of this church is to haue 
 foure markes the yeare for tith of the said Stockes, payde him 
 by the Maisters of the Bridge house, by a speciall decree made 
 the seconde of Henry the seuenth. lohn Wingar Grocer, 
 Mayor 1504. was a great helper to the building of this church, 
 and was there buried 1505. he gaue vnto it by his testament 
 two large Basons of siluer and twenty pound in money, also 
 Richard Shore Draper one of the ShiriiTes 1505. was a great 
 
IValbrooke warde 227 
 
 Benefactor in his life, and by his testament gaue 20. pound to 
 make a porch at the West end thereof, and was there buried, 
 Richard Hatfield of Steplemorden in Cambridgeshire lyeth 
 intombed there, 1467. Edward Deoly Esquier 1467. lohn 
 Handford Grocer, made the Font of that church, very curiously 
 wrought, painted and guilded, and was there buried : lohn 
 Archer Fishmonger, 1487. Amte Cawode founded a Chauntrie 
 there, &c. From the Stockes market, and this parrish Church 
 East vp into Lombarde streete, some foure or fiue houses on 
 a side, and also on the south side of Wooll Church, haue yee 
 Bearebinder lane, a parte whereof is of this Walbroke Warde, Berebinder 
 then downe lower in the streete called Walbrooke, is one other 
 fayre Church of Saint Stephen latelie builded on the east side 
 thereof, for the olde Church stoode on the west side, in place 
 where now standeth the Parsonage house, & therefore so much 
 nearer the Brooke, euen on the Banke. Robert Chichley Mayor 
 in the yeare 1428. the sixt of Henry the sixt, gaue to this Parish church 
 parrish of Saint Stephen one plot of grounde, containing 208. ty'wfibrooTe. 
 foote and a halfe in length and sixtie sixe foote in | bredth, pa^e 22^ 
 thereupon tobuilde their new church, and for their church yeard : 
 and in the seuenth of Henry the sixt, the saide Robert one of 
 the founders laide the first stone for himselfe, the second for 
 William Stondon Mayor, with whoose goodes the grounde 
 that the Church standeth on, and the housing with the grounde 
 of the churchyearde was bought by the said Chichley for two 
 hundred markes from the Grocers, which had beene letten be- 
 fore for sixe and twenty markes the yeare : Robert WhittingJiam 
 Draper laide the thirde stone, Henry Barton then Mayor, &c. 
 The sayde Chichley gaue more one hundred pound to the sayde 
 worke, and bare the charges of all the timber worke on the pro- 
 cession way, and layde the leade vpon it of his owne cost, he 
 also gaue all the timber for the rooffing of the two side lies, and 
 paid for the carriage thereof. This church was finished in the 
 yeare 1439. the bredth thereof is sixtie seauen foote, and length 
 135. foote, the church yearde ninetie foote in length, and 
 thirty seauen in bredth, and more. Robert Whittingham 
 (made knight of the Bath) in the yeare 1432. purchased the 
 patronage of this church from lohn Duke of Bedford, vnckle 
 to Henry the sixte, and Edward the fourth, in the second of 
 
 Q 3 
 
228 
 
 Walbrooke wai'de 
 
 Page 2J0 
 
 his raigne, gaue it to Richard Lee then Mayor : There bee 
 monumentes in this church of Thomas Southwell first Parson 
 of this new church, who lyeth in the Quier, John Bimstable 
 Maister of Astronomic and Musicke, in the yeare 1453- Sir 
 Richard Lee Mayor, who gaue the saide Patronage ^ to the 
 Grocers. Rozvland Hill Mdiyor, 1^41). Sir Thomas Pope first 
 Treasurer of the augmentations, with his wife Dame Margaret, 
 Sir lohn Cootes Mayor, 1542. Sir lohn Yorke Knight, Mar- 
 chaunt Taylor, 1549. Edward Lackman Shiriffe, 1564, Richarde 
 Achley, Grocer, Doctor Owyn Phisition to king Henrie the 
 eight, John Kirkbie Grocer, 157S. and others. 
 
 Lower downe from this parrish church bee diuers fayre 
 houses namely one, wherin of late Sir Richard Baker a knight 
 of Kerit was lodged, and one wherein dwelled maister Thomas 
 Gore a marchant famous for Hospitality. On the West side 
 of this Walbrooke streete, ouer against the Stockes Market, 
 is I a parte of the high streete, called the Poultrie, on the 
 south side west, till ouer against S. Mildredes Church, and 
 the Skalding Wike is of this Ward. Then downe againe 
 Walbrooke streete some small distance, is Buckles Bury, a 
 Buckles bery. Street SO Called of Buckle that sometime was owner thereof, 
 part of which streete, on both sides 3. or 4. houses to the 
 course of the Brooke is of this Warde, and so downe Wal- 
 brooke streete, to the South corner : from whence west downe 
 Budge Row, some small distance to an Alley and through 
 that Alley south by the west end of S. Lohns Church vpon 
 Walbrooke, by the south side and east end of the same, 
 againe to Walbrooke corner. This parrish church is called 
 S. Lohn vpon Walbrooke, because the west end thereof is 
 on the verie banke of Walbrooke, by Horshew Bridge, in 
 Horshew bridge streete. This Church was also lately new 
 builded : for aboute the yeare 141a. licence was graunted by 
 the Mayor and comminalty, to the Parson and Parrish, for 
 the enlarging thereof, with a peece of ground on the North 
 parte of the Quier, 31. foot in length, 17. foot in bredth, & 
 3. inches, and on the south side of the Quier one foote of 
 the common soyle. There be no monuments in this Church of 
 any accounte, onely I haue lerned William Combarton Skinner, 
 ' Patronage] Parsonage i6oj 
 
 Horshew 
 bridge in Hor 
 shew streete. 
 
Walbrooke warde 229 
 
 who gaue landes to that church, was there buried, 1410. and 
 
 John Stone Taylor, one of the Shiriffes, 1464, was likewise 
 
 buried there. On the south side of Walbrooke warde from 
 
 Candlewicke streete, in the mid way betwixte London stone, 
 
 and Walbrooke corner, is a little lane with a turnepike in the 
 
 middest therof, and in the same a proper parish church called 
 
 S. Mary Bothaw, or Boatehaw, by the Erber : this church Parish church 
 
 being neare vnto Downegate on the riuer of Thames, hath Bothaw!^'' 
 
 the addition of Boathaw, or Boat haw, of neare adioyning to 
 
 an haw or yeard, wherein of old time boates were made, and 
 
 landed from Downegate to bee mended, as may be supposed, 
 
 for other reason I find none why it should bee so called. 
 
 Within this Church, and the small Cloystrie adioyning, diuers 
 
 Noblemen and persons of worshippe haue beene buried, as 
 
 appeareth by Armes in the Windowes, the defaced Tombes, 
 
 and printe of plates torn vp and carried away : there remayne 
 
 onely of lohn West Es|quire, buried in the yeare 1408. Page aji 
 
 Thomas Huytley Esquire 1539. but his monument is defaced 
 
 since, Lancelot Bathurst, Sic. The Erbar is an ancient place The Erbar. 
 
 so called, but not of Walbrooke warde, and therefore out of 
 
 that lane, to Walbrooke corner, and then downe till ouer against 
 
 the south corner of Saint Johns Church vpon Walbrooke. 
 
 And this is all that I can say of Walbrooke warde. It hath 
 
 an Alderman, and his Deputie, common Counsellers eleuen^ 
 
 Constables nine, Scauengers sixe, for the Wardmote inquest 
 
 thirteene, and a Beedle. It is taxed to the fifteene in London, 
 
 to 33. pound, fiue shillings. 
 
 Downegate warde 
 
 Downegate warde bsginneth at the south end of Wal- Downgate 
 brooke warde, ouer against the East corner of Saint lohiis ^" ^' 
 church vpon Walbrooke, and descendeth on both the sides 
 to Downegate, on the Thames, and is so called of that downe 
 going or descending thereunto: and of this Downgate the 
 ward taketh name. This ward turneth into Thames streete 
 westwarde, some ten houses on a side to the course of Wal- 
 brooke, but East in Thames streete on both sides to Ebgate 
 lane, or old Swan, the lande side whereof hath many lanes 
 
230 Downegate warde 
 
 turning vp, as shall bee shewed when I come to them. But 
 
 first to begin with the high street called Dowgate, at the 
 
 Conduit vpon vpper ende thereof is a faire Conduit of Thames water, castel- 
 
 Downegate. j^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ j^ ^.j^^ ^^^^ ^^gg^ ^^ charges of the Citizens, 
 
 and is called the Conduit vpon Downgate. The descent of 
 this streete is such that in the yeare 1574- on the fourth of 
 September in the after noon there fel a storme of raine, where- 
 through the channels suddenly arose, and ran with such a swift 
 A lad of iS. course towardes the common shores^ that a lad of n8. yeares 
 yeares olde q]j minding- to haue leapt ouer the channell near vnto the 
 
 drowned in ' ^ '■ ■ i r 
 
 the chanell. said Conduit, was taken with the streame, and carried from 
 
 thence towards the Thames with such a violence, that no man 
 
 Page 2}2 with staues, or otherwise could | stay him, till he came against 
 
 a cart wheele, that stood in the said Watergate, before which 
 
 time he was drowned, and starke deade. 
 
 Tallow On the west side of this streete is the Tallow Chandlers hall, 
 
 chandlers hall. ^ proper house, wliich companie was incorporated in the 
 
 second yeare of Edward the fourth. 
 Copped hall Somewhat lower standeth the Skinners hall, a faire house, 
 halT. ™^^^^ which was sometime called Copped hall by Downgate, in the 
 parish of Saint lohn vpon Walbrooke. In the 19. yeare of 
 Edzvard the second, Raph Cob/mm possessed it with fiue 
 shops, &c. 
 
 This companie of Skinners in London were incorporate 
 
 by Ed. the 3. in the first of his raigne : they had two brother- 
 
 hoodes of Corpus Christi, vi^. one at saint Marie Spittle, the 
 
 other at saint Marie Bethlem without Bishops gate. Richard 
 
 the second in the 18. of his raigne, graunted them to make 
 
 their two Brotherhoodes one, by the name of the fraternitie 
 
 of Corpits Christi, of Skinners, diuerse royall persons were 
 
 named to be founders and brethren of this fraternitie, to wit, 
 
 Kings 6. Dukes 9. Earles 2. Lordes i. Kings, Edward the 
 
 third, Richard the second, Henry the fourth, Henrie the fift, 
 
 Six kings Henry the sixt, and Edward the fourth. This fraternitie had 
 
 th^'skinners ^'^^ o"'^^ euery yere on Corpus Christi day after noone a Pro- 
 
 companie in cession, passed through the principall streetes of the Citie, 
 
 pompous wherein was borne more then one hundred Torches of Waxe 
 
 procession. (costly garnished) burning light, and aboue two hundred 
 
 Clearkes and Priests in Surplesses and Coapes, singing. After 
 
Downegate warde 231 
 
 the which were the shiriffes seruants, the Clarkes of the Coun- 
 ters, Chaplains for the Shiriffes, the Maiors Sargeants, the 
 counsell of the Citie, the Maior and Aldermen in scarlet, and 
 then the Skinners in their best Liueryes. Thus much to steppe 
 tlie tongues of vnthankfull men, such as vse to aske, why haue 
 yee not noted this, or that ? and giue no thankes for what is 
 done. Then lower downe was a Colledge of Priestes, called 
 Testis Commons, a house well furnished with Brasse, Pewter, 
 Naparie, Plate, &c. besides a faire Librarie well stored with 
 bookes, all which of old time was giuen to a number of 
 Priestes, that should keepe commons there, and as one left 
 his place by death or otherwise, an other should be admitted 
 into his roome, but this order within this thirtie years being 
 discontinued, the sayde | house was dissolued, and turned to Pagc 23} 
 Tenements. 
 
 Downe lower haue ye Elbow lane, and at the corner thereof Elbow lane. 
 was one great stone house, called Olde hall, it is now taken 
 downe, and diuerse faire houses of Timber placed there. This 
 was sometime partaining to William de pant le arcJi, and by William dc 
 him giuen to the Priorie of S. Marie Oiiery in South warke, in houL!'^'^ '^ 
 the raigne of Henrie the first. In this Elbow lane is the 
 Inholders hall, and other faire houses : this lane runneth west, Inholders hall. 
 and suddenly turneth south into Thames street, and therefore 
 of that bending is called Elbow lane. On the East side of 
 this Downgate streete, is the great olde house before spoken 
 of, called the Erber, neare to the Church of saint Marie The Erber, s. 
 Bothaiv, Geffrey Scroope helde it by the gift of Edward the j^^'^ ^°*" 
 third, in the 14. of his raigne : it belonged since to To/m Neuell 
 Lord of Rabie, then to Richard Neuel earle of Warwicke, 
 Neiiell Earle of Salisburie was lodged there, 1457. then it 
 came to George Duke of Clai'ence, and his heires males, by 
 the gift of Edward the fourth, in the 14. of his raigne. It 
 was lately new builded by sir Thomas Pullison Maior, and 
 was afterward inhabited by sir Francis Drake that famous 
 Mariner. Next to this great house, is a lane turning to Bush 
 lane, (of olde time called Carter lane, of carts, and Carmen 
 hauing stables there) and now called Chequer lane, or Chequer 
 Alley, of an Inne called the Chequer. 
 
 In Thames streete, on the Thames side west from Downe- 
 
232 Downegate wavde 
 
 Greenwich gate is Greenewitch lane of olde time so called, and now 
 lane.' Frier lane, of such a signe there set vp. In this lane is the 
 
 loyners hall. loyners hall, and other faire houses. 
 
 Granthams Then is Granthams lane so called of lohn Grantham some 
 
 '°^" time Maior and owner thereof, whose house was very large 
 
 and strong, builded of stone, as appeareth by gates arched yet 
 remayning, Raph Dodnier, first a Brewer, then a Mercer, 
 Maior 1529. dwelled there, and kept his Maioraltie in that 
 house, it is now a Brewhouse as it was afore. 
 Cosin lane. Then is Dowgate whereof is spoken in another place. East 
 
 from this Dow[n]gate is Cosin lane, named of one William 
 Cosin that dwelled there, in the fourth of Richard the second, 
 as diuers his predecessors, Father, Gran<d)father, &c. had done 
 Page 2}4 before him. | William Cosin was one of the Shiriffes, in the 
 yeare 1306. That house standeth at the south ende of the 
 lane, hauing an olde and artificiall conueyance of Thames 
 A gin to con- water into it, and is now a Diehouse called Lambards messuage. 
 water to Dow- Adioyning to that house, there was lately erected an engine, 
 gate Conduit, to conuey Thames water vnto Downgate Conduit aforesaid. 
 Steleyeard for Next to this lane on the East, is the Steleyard (as they 
 Almaine. terme it) a place for marchants of Almaine, that vsed to bring 
 hither, as well Wheat, Rie, and other graine, as Cables, Ropes, 
 Masts, Pitch, Tar, Flaxe, Hempe, linnin cloth, Wainscots, 
 Waxe, Steele, and other profitable Marchandizes : vnto these 
 Marchants in the yeare 1259. Henry the third, at the request 
 of his brother Richard earle of Cornewell, king of Almaine, 
 granted that all and singular the marchants, hauing a house 
 Gilhala in the Citie of London, commonly called Guilda Aula 
 
 rum. Thetitonicornm, should be maintained and vpholden through 
 
 the whole Realme, by all such freedomes, and free vsages or 
 liberties, as by the king and his noble progenitors time they 
 had, and inioyed, &c. Edward the first renued and confirmed 
 that charter of Liberties granted by his Father. And in the 
 tenth yeare of the same Edivard, Henrie Wales being Maior, 
 a great controuersie did arise betweene the said Maior, and 
 the marchants of the Haunce of Almaine, about the repara- 
 tions of Bishopsgate, then hkely to fall, for that the said 
 marchants inioyed diuerse priuiledges, in respect of maintain- 
 ing the saide gate, which they now denied to repaire : for the 
 
Downegate warde 233 
 
 appeasing of which controuersie the king sent his writ to the 
 Treasurer and Barons of his Exchequer, commaunding that 
 they should make inquisition thereof, before whom the Mar- 
 chants being called, when they were not able to discharge 
 themselues, sith they inioyed the liberties to them granted 
 for the same, a precept was sent to the Maior, and shiriffes, to 
 distraine the said marchants to make reparations, namely 
 Gerard Marbod Alderman of the Haunce, Ralph de Qissarde 
 a Citizen of Colen, Ludero de Deneuar, a Burges of Triuar, 
 lohn of Aras, a Burges of Triuon, Bar tram of Hamburdge, 
 Godestalke of Hundondale, a Burges of Triuon, lohn de Dele 
 a Burges of Munstar, then remaining in the said Citie of 
 London : for themselues, and all other marchants of the 
 Haunce, and so they granted | 210. markes sterling, to Xht. Page 2}s 
 Maior and Citizens, and vndertooke that they and their suc- 
 cessors should from time to time repayre the said gate, and 
 beare the third part of the charges in money, and men to 
 defend it when neede were. And for this agreement, the 
 said Maior and Citizens granted to the said Marchants their Marchantes of 
 liberties which till of late they haue inioyed, as namely *f^^?™'j^g°f 
 amongst other, that they might lay vp their graine which they sed to lay vp 
 brought into this realme, in Innes, and sell it in their Garners, garners, but to 
 by the space of fortie dayes after they had laid it vp : except ^^'^ j' within 
 by the Maior and Citizens they were expresly forbidden, 
 because of dearth or other reasonable occasions. Also they 
 might haue their Aldermen as they had beene accustomed, 
 foreseene alwayes that he were of the Citie, and presented to 
 the Maior and Aldermen of the Citie, so oft as any should 
 be chosen, and should take an oath before them to maintaine 
 iustice in their Courts, and to behaue themselues in their 
 office according to law, and as it stoode with the customes of 
 the Citie. Thus much for their priuiledges : whereby it 
 appeareth, that they were great Marchants of come brought 
 out of the East parts hither, in so much that the occupiers of 
 husbandry in this land were inforced to complaine of them for 
 bringing in such abundance, when the corne of this realme was 
 at an easie price : wherupon it was ordained by Parliament, 
 that no person should bring into any part of this Realme by 
 way of Marchandise, Wheate, Rie or Barly, growing out of 
 
234 
 
 Downegate warde 
 
 Act of Parlia- 
 ment forbid- 
 ding corne to 
 be brought 
 from beyond 
 seas. 
 
 Page 3j6 
 
 Windgoose 
 lane. 
 
 Patent. 
 
 Stilliavd put 
 downe. 
 
 the said Realme, when the quarter of wheate exceeded not 
 the price of 6. shillings 8. pence, Rie 4. s. the quarter, and 
 Barley 3. s. the quarter, vpon forfeyture the one halfe to the 
 king, the other halfe to the seasor thereof. These marchants 
 of Haunce had their Guild hall in Thames street in place 
 aforesaid, by the said Cosin lane. Their hall is large, builded 
 of stone, with three arched gates towards the street, the 
 middlemost whereof is farre bigger then the other, and is 
 seldome opened, the other two be mured vp, the same is now 
 called the old hall. 
 
 Of later time, to wit, in the sixt of Richard the second, they 
 hyred one house next adioyning to their old hall, which some- 
 time belonged to Richard Lions a famous Lapidarie, one of 
 the Shiriffes of London, in the 49. of Edward the third, and 
 in the 4. of Richard the second, by the rebels of Kent, 
 drawne out of that house | and beheaded in west Cheape : this 
 also was a great house with a large wharfe on the Thames, and 
 the way thereunto was called Windgoose, or Wildgoose lane, 
 which is now called Windgoose Alley, for that the same Alley 
 is for the most part builded on by the Stilyard Marchants. 
 
 The Abbot of S. Albons had a messuage here with a Key 
 giuen to him in the 34. of Henrie the 6. Then is one other 
 great house which somtime pertained to lohn Raimvcll 
 Stockfishmonger, Maior, and it was by him giuen to the Maior, 
 and communaltie to the ende that the profites thereof should 
 be disposed in deedes of pietie: which house in the i5-of 
 Edivard the fourth, was confirmed vnto the sayd Marchants 
 in manner following, vz. ' It is ordayned by our soueraigne 
 Lord and his Parliament, that the sayd Marchants of Almaine, 
 being of the companie called the Guildhall Teutonicoriim (or 
 the Flemish Geld) that now bee or hereafter shall be, shall 
 haue, hold and enioy to them and their successors for euer, 
 the said place called the stele house, yeelding to the Maior 
 and communaltie an annuall rent of 70. pound, 3. shillings 
 foure pence, &c.' 
 
 In the yeare 1551. and the fift of Edward the sixt, through 
 complaint of the English marchants, the libertie of the 
 Stilliard Marchants was seised into the kings hands, and so 
 it resteth. 
 
Downegate warde 235 
 
 Then is Church lane, at the west end of Alhallowes church Church lane, 
 called Alhallowes the more in Thames streete, for a difference ^'f Ifll'^lV"''''' 
 
 f.-,^rv. All 11 .1 . . . of Alhallowes 
 
 "om Alhallowes the lesse m the same street: it is also called the more. 
 Alhallowes ad fwnum in the Ropery, because hay (was) sold 
 neare thereunto at hay wharfe, and ropes of old time made 
 and solde in the high street. This is a faire Church with a 
 large cloyster on the south side thereof about their Church- 
 yard, but foulely defaced and ruinated. 
 
 The church also hath had many faire monuments, but now 
 defaced : there remaineth in the Quier some Plates. on graue 
 stones, namely of William Lichfield, Doctor of Diuinitie, who 
 deceased the yeare 1448, hee was a great student, and com- 
 piled many bookes both moral and diuine, in prose and in 
 verse, namely one intituled the complaint of God vnto sinfull 
 man. He made in his time 3083. Sermons, as appeared by 
 his owne hand writing | and were found when hee was dead. Page ^i? 
 One other plate there is of lohn Brickies Draper, who deceased 
 in the yeare 1437. he was a great benefactor to that Church, 
 and gaue by his testament certaine tenements, to the reliefe 
 of the poore, &c. Nicholas Lotten a.nd William PestoJi founded 
 Chaunteries there. 
 
 At the East end of this Church goeth downe a lane called H^y wharfe 
 Hay wharfe lane, now lately a great Brewhouse, builded there ^°'^' 
 by one Pot : Henrie Campion Esquire, a Beerebrewer vsed it, 
 and Abraham, his sonne now possesseth it. Then was there 
 one other lane, sometime called Wolses gate ^, now out of vse, WoUey lane. 
 for the lower part therof vpon the bank of Thames is builded 
 (vpon) ^ by the late Earle of Shrewsburie, and the other end 
 is builded on and stopped vp by the Chamberlaine of London. 
 lohn Butler Draper, one of the Shiriffes, in the yeare 1420. 
 dwelled there : he appoynted his house to be sold, & the 
 price therof to be giuen to the poor : it was of Alhallowes 
 parish the lesse. Then is there the said parish church of Parish church 
 Alhallowes called the lesse, and by some Alhallowes on the the'\esse!°'^^' 
 cellers, for it standeth on vaults, it is said to be builded by sir 
 lohn Poultney, sometimes Maior. The Steeple and Quire of 
 this Church standeth on an arched gate, being the entrie to a 
 
 ' Woolseys Lane 1633 ^ vpon add. ijgS 
 
236 Downegate warde 
 
 Cold Har- great house called Cold Harbrough : the Quire of late being 
 roigi- fallen downe, is now againe at length in the yeare i594- by the 
 
 parishioners new builded. Touching this Cold Harbrough, 
 I find that in the 13. of Edward the. a. sir lo/m Abel knight, 
 demised or let vnto Henrie Stow Draper, all that his capital! 
 messuage called the Cold Harbrough, in the Parish of All 
 Saints adfamim, and all the purtenances within the gate, with 
 the key which Robert Hartford Citizen, sonne to William 
 Hartford, had, and ought, and the foresaid Robert paid for 
 it the rent of 33. shillings the yeare. This Robert Hartford 
 being owner thereof, as also of other lands in Surrey, deceasing 
 without issue male, left two daughters his co-heyres, to wit, 
 Idonia, maried to sir Raph Bigot, and Maude maried to sir 
 Stephen Cosenton knights, betweene whom the sayd house and 
 lands were parted. After the which lohn Bigot sonne to the 
 said sir Raph, and sir lohti Cosenton, did sell their moities of 
 Cold Harbrough vnto John Poiiltney, sonne of Adam Potdtuey 
 the 8. of Edward the third. This sir lohn Poultney dwelling 
 Page 2j8 in I this house, and being foure times Maior, the said house 
 tooke the name of Poultneys Inne. Notwithstanding this sir 
 lohn Poultney the 21. of Edivard the 3. by his Charter gaue 
 and confirmed to Humphrey de Bohune Earle of Hereford and 
 Essex, his whole tenement called Cold Harbrough, with all 
 the tenements and key adioyning, and appurtenances some- 
 time pertaining to Robert dc Herford, on the way called Hay 
 wharfe lane, &c. for one Rose at Midsommer, to him and to 
 his heyres for all seruices, if the same were demaunded. This 
 sir lohn Poultney deceased 1349. and left issue by Margaret 
 his wife, William. Potdtney, who died without issue, and 
 Margaret his mother was married to sir Nicholas Louell 
 knight, &c. Philip S. Cleare gaue two messuages pertaining 
 to this Cold Harbrough in the Roperie, towardes the inlarging 
 of the Parish church, and churchyard of All Saints, called the 
 lesse, in the 20. of Richard the second. 
 
 In the yeare 1397. the 21. of Richard the second, lohn 
 Holland Earle of Huntington was lodged there, and Richard 
 the 2. his brother dined with him^ it was then counted a right 
 fayre and stately house, but in the next yeare following, I find 
 that Edmond Earle of Cambridge was there lodged, notwith- 
 
Downegate warde 237 
 
 standing the saide house still retained the name of Ponltjieys 
 Inne, in the raigne of Henrie the sixt, the 36. of his raigne. 
 It belonged since to H. Holland duke of Excester, and he was 
 lodged there in the yeare 1473. In the yeare 1483. Richard 
 the third by his letters Patents granted and gaue to lohn 
 Writh, alias Garter, principall king of Armes of English men, 
 and to the rest of the kings Heraulds and Purseuants of Armes, 
 all that messuage with the appurtenances, called Cold Harber 
 in the parish of All saints the little in London, and their 
 successors for euer. Dated at Westminster y" 3. of March 
 anno regni primo without fine or fee : how the said Heraulds 
 departed therewith I haue not read, but in the raigne ai Henrie 
 the eight, the Bishop of Durhams house neare Charing crosse, 
 being taken into the kings hand, Cuthbert Tunstal Bishop 
 of Durham was lodged in this Cold Harber, since the which 
 time it hath belonged to the Earles of Shrewsburie by com- 
 position (as is supposed) from the said Cuthbert Timstall. The 
 last deceased Earle tooke it downe, and in place thereof 
 builded a great number of smal | tenements now letten out for Page 2?? 
 great rents, to people of all sortes. 
 
 Then is the Diers Hall, which companie was made a brother- The Dyers 
 hood or Guild, in the fourth of Henrie the sixt, and appoynted ^ 
 to consist of a gardian or Warden, and a communaltie the 13. 
 Edward the 4. Then bee there diuerse large Brewhouses, 
 and others, till you come to Ebgate lane, where that ward 
 endeth in the East. On the North side of Thames street be 
 diuers lanes also, the first is at the south end of Elbow lane 
 before spoken of, west from Downegate, ouer against Green- 
 wich lane : then be diuerse fayre houses for Marchants and 
 others all along that side. The next lane East from Downe- 
 gate, is called Bush lane, which turneth vp to Candlewicke Bush lane. 
 streete, and is of Downegate warde. Next is Suffolke lane, Snffolke lane. 
 likewise turning vp to Candlewicke streete, in this lane is one 
 notable Grammar schoole, founded in the yeare 1561. by the Marchant 
 master, wardens, and assistants of the Marchant taylers in the gchooTe. 
 parish of Saint Laurence Poultney. Richard Hilles sometime 
 master of that companie, hauing before giuen 500. pound 
 towards the purchase of an house, called the Mannor of the The Manner 
 Rose, sometime belonging to the Duke of Buckingham, wherein ""^"^^ ''^°^^- 
 
238 Downegafe ivarde 
 
 the said schoole is kept. Then is there one other lane which 
 
 s. Laurence turneth vp to saint Laurence hill, and to the southwest corner 
 
 lane. ^ 
 
 Poultney lane, of S. Lmirence churchyard : then one other lane called Poultney 
 
 lane, that goeth vp of this ward to the southeast corner of 
 
 Saint Laurence churchyard, and so downe againe, and to the 
 
 west corner of S. Martin Orgar lane, and ouer against Ebgate 
 
 13. wardes on lane : and this is all of Downgate ward, the 13. in number 
 
 of walbrooke, lying East from the water course of Walbrook, and hath not 
 
 not hauing j^jjy Qj^g house On the west side of the said brooke. It hath an 
 
 one house on ■' 
 
 the west of the Alderman, his Deputie, common Counsellors nine. Constables 
 
 said brook. eight, Scauengers fiue, for the Wardmote inquest fourteene, and 
 
 a Beedle, it is taxed to the fifteene eight and twentie pound. | 
 
 Page 240 Wards on the west side of Walbrooke, and 
 
 first of Vintry ward 
 
 Wards on the NoW I am to speake of the other wardes, 13. in number, all 
 brooke and lying o^ the west side of the course of Walbrooke : and first of 
 first of Vintrie (-j^e Vintry ward, so called of Vintners, and of the Vintrie, a parte 
 of the banke of the Riuer of Thames, where the marchants of 
 Burdeaux craned their wines out of Lighters, and other 
 vessels, & there landed and made sale of them within forty 
 daies after, vntil the 28. of Edward the first, at which time the 
 said marchants complained that they could not sell their wines, 
 paying poundage, neither hire houses or sellers to lay them in, 
 and it was redressed by virtue of the kings writ, directed to 
 the Maior and shiriifes of London, dated at Carlaueroke (or 
 Carlile) since the which time many faire and large houses with 
 vaults and cellers for stowage of wines and lodging of the 
 Burdeaux marchants haue been builded in place, where before 
 time were Cookes houses : for Fitzstephen in the raigne of 
 Henrie the 2. writeth that vpon the riuers side betweene the 
 wine in ships, and the wine to be sold in tauerns, was a com- 
 mon cookerie or Cookes row, &c. as in another place I haue 
 set downe : whereby it appeareth that in those dayes (and till 
 Euerie man of late time) eucry man liued by his professed trade, not any 
 leueraif pro- °"^ interrupting an other. The cookes dressed meate, and 
 fessed trade, sold no wine, and the Tauerner sold wine, but dressed no 
 meate for sale, &c. 
 
Vintry nvarde 239 
 
 This warde beginneth in the East, at the west end of 
 Downegate ward, as the water course of Walbrooke parteth 
 them, to wit at Granthams lane on the Thames side, and at 
 Elbow lane on the land side : it runneth along in Thames 
 streete west, some three houses beyond the olde Swanne 
 a Brewhouse, and on the lande side some three houses west, 
 beyond Saint lames at Garlicke Hith. In bredth this ward 
 stretcheth from the Vintry north to the wall of the West Gate 
 of the Tower Royall : the other | North part is of Cordwayner Page 241 
 streete warde. Out of this Royall streete by the South gate 
 of Tower Royall runneth a small streete. East to S. lohns vpon 
 Walbrooke, which streete is called Horshew bridge, of such Horshew 
 a bridge sometime ouer the brooke there, which is now vaulted KnifhtriderV' 
 ouer. Then from the sayd south gate west, runneth one other streete. 
 streete, called Knight riders streete, by S. Thomas Apostles 
 church, on the north side, and Wringwren lane, by the said 
 Church, at the west end thereof, and to the East end of the 
 Trinitie Church in the said Knightriders streete, where this 
 ward endeth on that south side the street : but on the north 
 side it runneth no farther then the corner against the new 
 builded Tauerne, and other houses, in a plot of ground, where 
 sometime stood Ormond place, yet haue yee one other lane 
 lower downe in Royall streete, stretching from ouer against 
 S. Michaels church, to, and by the North side of S. lames 
 church by Garlicke Hith, this is called Kerion lane, and thus Kerion lane. 
 much for the bounds of Vintrie ward. Now on the Thames 
 side west from Granthams lane, haue ye Herber lane, or Brikels Harber lane, 
 lane, so called of lohn Brikels, sometime owner thereof. 
 
 Then is Simpsons lane, of one Simpson or Emperors head Simpsonslane. 
 lane of such a signe : then the three Cranes lane, so called Painted Ta- 
 not onely of a signe of three Cranes at a Tauerne doore, but cTanes lane 
 rather of three strong Cranes of Timber placed on the Vintrie 
 wharfe by the Thames side, to crane vp wines there, as is 
 afore shewed : this lane was of old time, to wit, the 9. of 
 Richard the. a. called the painted Tauerne lane, of the Tauerne 
 being painted. 
 
 Then next ouer against S. Martins Church, is a large house The Vintrie 
 builded of stone and timber, with vaults for the stowage ^^'=°''^- 
 of wines, and is called the Vintrie. There dwelled lokn 
 
240 
 
 Vintrv warde 
 
 Vanner lane, 
 or church lane 
 
 Erode lane. 
 
 Page 242 
 Parish clearks 
 hall. 
 
 Spittle lane or 
 Stodies lane. 
 
 The Vintnars 
 hall. 
 
 Almeshouses 
 of the Vint- 
 ners. 
 
 Marchanl 
 Vintoners. 
 
 Gisers Vintner, Maior of London, and Constable of the 
 Tower, and then was Henry Picard, Vintner, Maior. In this 
 house Henrie Picard feasted some foure kings in one day 
 (as in my Summarie I haue shewed). Then next is Vanners 
 lane, so called of one Vannar that was owner therof, it is 
 now called church lane, of the comming vp from the wharfe 
 to S. Martins church. Next is Erode lane, for that the same 
 is broder for the passage of Carts from the Vintrie warfe, 
 then be the other lanes. At the northwest corner of this lane 
 is the I parish Clearks hall, lately by them purchased, since 
 they lost their old hall in Bishopsgate street. Next is Spittle 
 lane of old time so called, since Stodies lane of the owner 
 thereof, named Stodie. Sir lohn Stodie, Vintner, Maior in 
 the yeare 1357, gaue it with all the Quadrant wherein Vintners 
 hall now standeth, with the tenements round about vnto the 
 Vintners : the Vintners builded for themselues a faire hall, 
 and also 13. Almes houses there for 13. poore people, which 
 are kept of charitie, rent free. 
 
 The Vintners in London were of old time called marchants 
 Vintners of Gascoyne, and so I read them in the Records 
 oi Edward the 2. the 11. yeare, and Edward the third the 
 ninth yeare, they were as well English men, as straungers 
 borne beyond the Seas, but then subiects to the kings of 
 England, great Burdeous Marchants of Gascoyne, and French 
 wines, diuers of them were Maiors of this Citie, namely lohn 
 Adrian Vintner, Reignold at Conduit, lohn Oxenford, Hen. 
 Picard, that feasted the kings of England, France, Scotland 
 & Cypres, lohn Stodie that gaue Stodies lane to the Vintners, 
 which 4. last named were Maiors in the raigne of Edward the 
 third, and yet Gascoyne wines were then to be sold at London, 
 not aboue 4.d. nor Rhenish wine aboue 6.d. the Gallon. I reade 
 of sweet wines, that in the 50. of Edward the 3. lohn Peachie 
 Fishmonger was accused, for that he procured a licence for 
 the onely sale of them in London, which notwithstanding he 
 iustified by law : he was imprisoned and fined. More I reade 
 that in the sixt of Henrie the sixt, the Lombards corrupting 
 their sweete wines, when knowledge thereof came to lohn 
 Rainwell Maior of London, he in diuerse places of the Citie 
 commanded the heades of the buts and other vessels in the 
 
Vintry loarde 241 
 
 open streetes to be broken, to the number of 150, so that the 
 liquour running forth, passed through the Cittie like a streame 
 of raine water, in the sight of all the people, from whence 
 there issued a most loathsome sauour. 
 
 I reade in the raigne of Henrie the seuenth, that no sweete 
 wines were brought into this realm but Malmesies by the 
 longabards, paying to y'' king for his licence 6.s. 8.d. of euery 
 but, besides la.d. for bottel large. I remember within this 
 ,'"j4. yeres, Malmsey not to be solde more then i.d. ob. the 
 pint. For proofe whereof, it | appeareth in the Church booke P.ige 243 
 of S. Andrew Vndershafte, that in the yeare 1547. /. G. and 
 5. K. then Churchwardens, for Lxxx. pintes of Maluesey^ spent 
 in the Church, after i.d. ob. the pinte, payde at the yeares end 
 for the same ten shillinges : more I remember that no Sackes 
 were solde, but Rumney, and that for medicine more then 
 for drinke, but now many kinds of sackes are knowne and 
 vsed, and so much for Wines. For the Vintrey, to end there- 
 with, I reade that in the raigne of Henry the fourth, the yong 
 Prince Henry, T. Duke of Clarence, /. Duke of Bedford, and 
 Humfrey Duke of Glocester the Kinges sonnes, being at The kings sons 
 supper amongst the Marchantes of London in the Vintrey, y^tde.'" ""^ 
 in the house of Lewes lohn, Henry Scogait sent to them H. Scogan. 
 a Ballad beginning thus. 
 
 My noble sonnes and eke my Lords deare, 
 I your Father, called vmvorthily. 
 Send vnto yon, this ballad following here. 
 Written with mine own hand fnll rudely, 
 Although it be that I not renerently 
 Hane written to your estates, I yon pray 
 Mine vncunning taketh benignely, 
 For Gods sake, and hearken what I say. 
 
 Then follow in like meeter 33. staues, contayning a per- 
 swasion from loosing of time, follilie in lust and vice, but to 
 spende the same in vertue and godlines, as yee may reade in 
 Geffrey Chaivcer his workes lately printed. The successors Chaucer, fol. 
 of those Vintners and wine drawers that retayled by the 334. & 33S- 
 Gallon, pottell, quart and pinte, were all incorporated by the 
 1 Maluesey] 160J ; Malmsey Thorns 
 
242 Vintvy warde 
 
 wine tuuners name of wine tunners, in the raigne of Edward the third, and 
 
 the7f.°ofH.6. confirmed the 15. oi Henry the 6. 
 
 Palmers lane Next IS Palmers lane, now called Anchor lane : the plum- 
 
 Plummers ''"^' mers haue their Hall there, but are tenantes to the Vintners. 
 
 ^*^^- , Then is Worcester house, sometimes belonging to the Earles 
 worster hoise. _ ,-p, t^ 
 
 Frewterers of Worcester, now diuided mto many Tenementes. ine iru- 
 
 oide Swanne t^''^''^ haue their Hall there. Then is the Old Swan, a great 
 Brew house. And this is all on the Thames side, that I can 
 note in this Ward. 
 
 paternoster Q^ t]^e j^^^j g^g |g ^.j^g royall streete and Pater noster 
 
 Page 344 Lane, | I thinke of olde time called Arches, for I reade that 
 Lib. S. Mary ^^^^^^ ^g Suffolke gauc to Walter de Forda^ his tenement with 
 the purtenance in the lane, called Les Arches in the parish of 
 S. Michael de pater noster church, betweene the Wal of the 
 - Selde called Winchester Seld ^ on the East, and the same 
 on the West, &c. More, I reade of a Stone house called 
 Selda ^ de Wiuton, iuxta Stendcn bridge, which in that Lane 
 was ouer Walbrooke water. Then is the fayre parish church 
 Parrisii church of S. Michael Called Pater noster church in the Royal, this 
 pater no's^terV church was new builded and made a colledge of S. Spirit, 
 Colledge one and S. Mary, founded by Richard Whitington Mercer, 
 Hospitall. 4- times Mayor, for a maister, 4. fellowes maisters of art, 
 clearks, conducts, chorists, &c. and an almes house called 
 Gods house, or hospitall for thirteene poore men, one of 
 them to be tutor, and to have xvi.d. the weeke, the other 
 twelue each of them to have xiiii.d. the weeke for euer, 
 with other necessary prouisions, an hutch with three lockes, 
 a common scale, &c. These were bounde to pray for the 
 R.Wiiitington good estate oi Richard Whitington and Alice his wife their 
 \i\ltin^o^' founders, and for Sir William Whitington Knight, and Dame 
 knight. loan his wife, and for Hugh Fitzwaren, and Dame Molde his 
 
 wife, the fathers and mothers of the saide Richarde Whitington 
 and Alice his wife, for king Richard the second, and Thomas 
 of Woodstocke, Duke of Glocester, speciall Lordes and Pro- 
 moters of the saide Richarde Whitington, &c. The licence 
 for this foundation was graunted by king Henry the fourth, 
 the eleuenth of his raigne, and in the twelfth of the same 
 
 ' de Fordo] Dai-ford 1603 ^-'^ fielde called Winchester field i6oj 
 ° Seldd\ Stoda i6jj 
 
Vintry wavde 243 
 
 kinges raign the Mayor and Commonalty of London graunted 
 to RicJiarde Whitington a vacant peece of grounde, thereon 
 to build his Colledge in the Royall, all which was confirmed 
 by Henry the sixt, the third of his raigne, to lohn Couentrie, 
 lenkin Carpenter and William Grotie Executors to Richard 
 Whitington. This foundation was againe confirmed by Par- 
 liament, the tenth of Henry the sixt, and was suppressed by 
 the statute of Edivard the sixt. 
 
 The Almes houses with the poore men do remayne, and Richard 
 are paide by the Mercers : this Richarde Whitington was in thrise"bun"ed. 
 this Church three times buried, first by his Executors vnder 
 a fayre monument, then in the raigne of Edward the 6. the 
 Parson of that Church, thinking some great riches (as he 
 said) to bee buried | with him, caused his monument to bee Page 345 
 broken, his body to be spoyled of his Leaden sheet, and 
 againe the second time to bee buried : and in the raigne of 
 Queene Mary, the parishioners were forced to take him vp, 
 to lap him in lead, as afore, to bury him the thirde time, and 
 to place his monument, or the like, ouer him again, which 
 remayneth and so hee resteth. Thomas Windford, Alderman, 
 was buried in this church, 1448. Arnold Macknam Vintner, 
 a Marchant of Burdious, 1457. Sir Heere Taiike, or Hartan- 
 clenx Knight of the Garter, borne in Almayne, a Noble 
 Warriour in Henry the fift, and Henry the sixt dayes. Sir 
 Edmond Mtdshezv'Kmgh.i, neare to Thomas Cokham Recorder 
 of London, the 'Ldidy Kyme, Sir William Oldhall knight, 1460. 
 William Barnocke, Sir John Yong Grocer, Mayor 1466, Agnes 
 daughter to Sir lohn Yong, first married to Robert Sherington, 
 after to Robert Midleneux, then to William Cheyney Esquier, 
 lohn Hauing Gentleman, William Roswell Esquier, William 
 Postar Clearke of the Crowne, 1520. Sir William Bayly, 
 Draper, Mayor 1533. with Dame Katheren his wife, leauing 
 xvi. children. lohn Haydon mercer, Shiriffe 1582. who gaue 
 Legacies to the 13. Almes men, and otherwise for a Lecture. 
 
 At the vpper end of this streete, is the Tower Royall , Tower Royall 
 whereof that streete taketh name : this Tower and great place Helfry^heT!' 
 was so called, of pertayning to the kinges of this Realme, as may be sup- 
 but by whome the same was first builded, or of what antiquity st°ephe'n was 
 continued, I haue not read, more then that in the raigne of l<"lg<:d there. 
 
 R 2 
 
244 Vmtry warde 
 
 Edward the first, the second, fourth and seuenth yeares, it 
 
 was the tenement of Symon Beawmes, also that in the 36 of 
 
 Edward the 3. the same was called the Royall, in the parrish 
 
 of S. Michael de paternoster, & that in the 43. of his raigne, hee 
 
 gaue it by the name of his Inne, called the Royall in the 
 
 cittie of London, in value xx.l. by yeare, vnto his CoUedge of 
 
 S. Stephen at Westminster : notwithstanding in the raigne of 
 
 Richard the second it was called the Queenes Wardrope, as 
 
 appeareth by this that foUoweth, king Richarde hauing in 
 
 Smithfield ouercome and dispersed his Rebels, hee, his Lordes 
 
 and all his Company, entered the Citty of London, with great 
 
 Page 246 ioy, and went to the Lady Princes his mother, who was | then 
 
 The Lady lodged in the Tower Royall, called the Queenes Wardrope, 
 
 fn'the Tower where shee had remayned three dayes and two nightes, right 
 
 Royall. sore abashed, but when shee saw the king her sonne, she was 
 
 greatelie reioyced and saide. Ah sonne, what great sorrow 
 
 haue I suffered for you this day. The king aunswered and 
 
 saide, certaincly Madam I know it well, but now reioyce, and 
 
 thanke God, for I haue this day recouered mine heritage, and 
 
 the Realme of England, which I had neare hand lost. 
 
 Frosarde. This Tower seemeth to haue beene at that time of good 
 
 defence, for when the Rebels had beset the Tower of London, 
 
 and got possession thereof, taking from thence whome they 
 
 listed, as in mine Annales I haue shewed, the princesse being 
 
 forced to flye came to this Tower Royall, where shee was 
 
 lodged and remayned safe as yee haue heard, and it may bee 
 
 also supposed that the king himselfe was at that time lodged 
 
 there. I read that in the yeare 1386. Lyon king of Armonie, 
 
 being chased out of his Realme by the Tartarians, receyued 
 
 King Richard innumerable giftes of the King and of his Nobles, the king 
 
 Tower Royall. ^^^" lying i" the Royall, where hee also granted to the saide 
 
 king of Armonie, a Charter of a thousand poundes by yeare 
 
 during his life. This for proofe may suffice, that kinges of 
 
 England haue beene lodged in this Tower, though the same 
 
 of later time haue been neglected and turned into stabling for 
 
 the kinges horses, and now letten out to diuers men, and 
 
 diuided into Tenements. 
 
 Cutlars hall. In Horsebridge streete is the Cutlars Hall. Richard de 
 
 Wilehale 1295. confirmed to Paule Butelar this house and 
 
Vinfry warde 245 
 
 edifices in the parrish of S. Michaell pater noster church, and 
 
 S. Johns vpon Walbrooke, which sometime Lawrens Gisors, 
 
 and his sonne Peter Gisors did possesse, and afterward 
 
 Hugo de Hinghavi, and lyeth betweene the Tenement of 
 
 the saide Richard towardes the south, and the lane called 
 
 Horshew bridge towards the north, and betweene the waye 
 
 called pater noster Church on the West, and the course of 
 
 Walbrooke on the East, paying yearely one clone of Gereflowers 
 
 at Easter, and to the Prior and Couent of Saint Mary 
 
 Query, 6.s. This house sometime belonged to Simon Dolesly 
 
 Grocer, Mayor 1359. They of this Company were of olde 
 
 time three Artes, or sortes of Workemen, to wit, the first | were Page 24^ 
 
 Smithes, Forgers of Blades, and therefore called Bladers, and 
 
 diuerse of them prooued wealthie men, as namely Walter 
 
 Nele, Blader, one of the Shiriffes, the 12. of Edward the 3. Bladers or 
 
 deceased .1353. and buried in Saint lames Garlicke Hith : ^^""^^ '™'"'^'- 
 
 hee left lands to the mending of high wayes about London, 
 
 betwixt Newgate and Wicombe, Aldgate and Chelmesford, 
 
 Bishopsgate and Ware, Southwarke and Rochester, &c. The 
 
 second were makers of Haftes, and otherwise garnishers of 
 
 Blades : the third sort were Sheathmakers for swords, daggers, Haftemakers. 
 
 and kniues. In the 10. of Henrie the 4. certaine ordinances ^ i^^'^rs. 
 
 were made betwixt the Bladers, and the other Cutlers, and in 
 
 the 4. of Henrie the 6, they were all three Companies drawne 
 
 into one fraternitie, or brotherhood, by the name of Cutlers. 
 
 Then is Knight riders streete, so called (as is supposed) of Knightriders 
 Knights well armed and mounted at the Tower Royal), ^''■^^'^• 
 ryding from thence through that street, west to Creede lane, 
 and so out at Ludgate towards Smithfield, when they were 
 there to turney, iust, or otherwise to shew actiuities before the 
 king and states of the Realme. In this streete is the parish 
 Church of saint Thomas Apostles, by Wringwren lane, a Wringwren 
 proper Church, but monuments of antiquitie be there none, p"^,^^^ church 
 except some Armes in the windowes, as also in the stone of s. Thomas 
 worke, which some suppose to be of lohn Barns Mercer, Maior '^ ^°^ 
 of London in the yere 1371. a great builder thereof, H. Caus- 
 tofi, Marchant, was a benefactor, and had a Chantrie there 
 about 1396, T. Roman Maior 1310. had also a Chantrie there 
 1319. Fitzwilliams also a benefactor, had a Chantry there. 
 
246 Vintry warde 
 
 More, sir Willimn Littlesbery, alias Home, (for king Ed. the 4. 
 so named him) because he was a most excellent blower in 
 a home, he was a Salter, and Marchant of the staple, Maior 
 of London in the yeare 1487. and was buried in this Church, 
 hauing appointed by his testament the Bels to bee chaunged 
 for foure new Bels of good tune and sound, but that was not 
 performed : he gaue 500. marks to the repayring of high waies 
 betwixt London and Cambridge, his dwelling house, with a 
 Garden, and appurtenances in the said parish to be sold, and 
 bestowed in charitable actions, as his executors would answer 
 before God : his house called the George in Bredstreete he 
 Page 24S gaue to the Saltars, they to find a Priest in the | said Church, 
 BredSreete ^'^ haue six pound thirteene shillings foure pence the yeare, 
 giuen to the to euery preacher at Paules Crosse, and at the Spittle 4. pence 
 conditions not fo"" cuer, to the Prisoners of Newgate. Ludgate, Marshalsey, 
 performed. ^nd Kings bench, in victuals ten shillings at Christmas, and 
 ten shillings at Easter for euer, which legacies are not per- 
 formed. William Shipton, William Champneis and lohn 
 de Burford, had Chauntries there, lohn Martin Butcher, one 
 of the Shiriffs, was buried there 1533 &c. Then west from 
 the said Church on the same side, was one great messuage, 
 Ipris Inne. sometime called Ipris Inne, of William of Ipris ^ a Fleming, 
 the first builder thereof This William was called out of 
 Flanders, with a number of Flemings to the aide of king 
 Stephe7i, agaynst Maude the Empresse, in the yeare 1138. 
 and grew in fauour with the said king for his seruice, so farre 
 that he builded this his house neare vnto Tower royall, in the 
 King Stephen which Tower it seemeth the king was then lodged, as in the 
 Tower Koyal. heart of the Citie, for his more safetie. 
 
 Robert Earle of Glocester, brother to the Empresse, being 
 taken, was committed to the custodie of this William to be 
 kept in the Castell of Rochester, till king Stephen was also 
 taken, and then the one v;as deliuered in exchange for the 
 other, and both set free : this William of Ipres gaue Edredes 
 Hith, now called the Queenes Hith, to the Prior and Chanons 
 of the holy Trinitie in London : he founded the Abbay of 
 Boxley in Kent, &c. In the first of Henrie the second, the 
 saide William with all the other Flemmings, fearing the 
 * Ipris Inne, so called of William of Ipres /5P<S. 
 
Vintyy wavde 247 
 
 indignation of the new king departed the land, but it seemeth 
 that the saide William was shortly called backe againe, and 
 restored both to the kings fauour, and to his olde possessions 
 here, so that the name and familie continued long after in this 
 realme, as may appeare by this which followeth. In the 
 yeare 1377. the 51. of Edward the third, the Citizens of 
 London minding to haue destroyed lohn of Gaunt, Duke of 
 Lancaster, and Henrie Percie Marshall, (for causes shewed in 
 my Annales) sought vp and downe, and could not find them, 
 for they were that day to dine with lohn of Ipres at his Inne, 
 which the Londoners wist not of, but thought the Duke and 
 Marshall had beene at the Sauoy, and therefore poasted 
 thither : but one of the Dukes knights seeing these things, 
 came in great hast to the place where | the Duke was, and Page 349 
 after that he had knocked and could not bee let in, he said to 
 Haueland the Porter, if thou loue my Lord and thy life, open 
 the gate : with which wordes he gat entry, and with great 
 feare he tels the Duke, that without the gate were infinite 
 numbers of armed men, and vnlesse he tooke great heede, 
 that day would be his last : with which wordes the Duke 
 leapt so hastily from his Oisters, that hee hurt both his legges 
 against the forme : wine was offered, but he could not drinke 
 for haste, and so fled with his fellow Henrie Percie out at 
 a backe gate, and entering the Thames, neuer stayed rowing, 
 vntill they came to a house neare the Manner of Kenington, Kenington 
 
 • „. 1 -in-TTii besides Lamb- 
 
 where at that time the Prmcesse lay with Richard the yong i,ith. 
 Prince, before whom hee made his complaint, &c. On the 
 other side, I reade of <a> Messuage called Ringed hall, king 
 Henrie the eight the 3 a. of his raigne, gaue the same with 
 foure tenements adioyning vnto Morgan Philip, alias Wolfe, 
 in the Parish of Saint Thomas Apostles in London, &c. 
 
 Ouer against Ipres Inne in Knight riders streete at the corner 
 towards S. lames at Garlicke Hith, was sometime a great 
 house builded of stone, and called Ormond place, for that it OrmondpUce. 
 sometimes belonged to the Earles of Ormond. King Edward 
 the 4. in the fifth of his raigne, gaue to Elizabeth his wife the 
 Mannor of Greenwitch with the Tower and Parke in the 
 Countie of Kent. He also gaue this tenement called Ormond 
 place with all the appurtenances to the same, scituate in the 
 
248 Vinfry warde 
 
 parish of saint Trinitie in Knightriders streete in London. 
 
 This house is now lately taken downe, and diuerse faire 
 
 Tenements are builded there, the corner house whereof is 
 
 a Tauerne. Then lower downe in Royall streete, is Kerion 
 
 Kerion lane, lane, of one KeHon sometime dwelling there. In this lane be 
 
 diuers faire houses for Marchants, and amongest others is the 
 
 Glasiars hall. Glasiers hall. At the south corner of Royall streete, is the faire 
 
 Parish church parish Church of saint Martin called in the Vintrie, sometime 
 
 the Vintrie. called saint Martin de Beremand church. This church was 
 
 new builded about the yeare 1399. by the executors olMatheiv 
 
 Lib. Trinitate Columbars a Stranger borne, a Burdeaux Marchant of Gascoyne 
 
 °" °"" and French wines, his armes remaine yet in the East Window, 
 
 Page 2;o and is betweene a Cheuero7i, 3. Cohtmbins : there lie | buried 
 
 in this Church, Sir Io/i7i Gisors Maior, 131X. Henrie Gisors 
 
 his Sonne, 1343. and lohn Gisors his brother, 1350. he gaueto 
 
 Gisors hall his Sonne T. his great mansion house, called Gisors hall in the 
 
 Gerards hall, parish of S. Mildred in Bredstreet. This Thomas had issue 
 
 lolm and Thomas, lohn made a feofment, and sold Gisors 
 
 hall, and other his lands in London, about the yeare 1386. 
 
 Thomas deceased 1395- Henrie Vennar, Bartholomew de la 
 
 vanch, Thomas Cornwalles, one of the Shiriffes, 1384. lohn 
 
 Cormvalles Esquire, 1436, lohn Mustrell, Vintner, 1424. 
 
 William Hodsoji, William Castleton, lohn Gray, Robert Dalusse 
 
 Barbar, in the raigne of Edward the 4. with this Epitaph. 
 
 Epitaph. As flowers in field thus passeth life, 
 
 Naked then clothed, feeble in the end. 
 It shelve th by Robert Dalusse, and Alison his wife, 
 Christ them sane from the power of the fiend. 
 
 Sir RaphAnstrie, Fishmonger, Maior, new roofed this church 
 with timber, couered it with lead, and beautifully glased it : 
 he deceased 1494. and was there buried with his two wiues, 
 Raph Austrie his sonne, gentleman, William Aust7^ie,a.nd other 
 of that name, Bartrand wife to Grimoitd Descure Esquire, 
 a Gascoyne and Marchant of wines, 1494. Thomas Batson, 
 Alice Fowler, daughter and heire to lohn Hozvton, wife to Ioh7i 
 Hjdton, lames Bartlet, and Alice his wife, William Fennor, 
 Roger Cotton, Robert Stocker, lohn Pemberton, Philip de 
 Plasse, lohn Stapleton, lohn Mortimer, William Lee, William 
 
yintry wnrdc 249 
 
 Hamsteed, William Sioksbie, and Gilbert Mar ch,ha.A Chantries 
 there. 
 
 Then is the Parish Church of S. lames, called at Garlick hith Parish church 
 or Garlicke hiue, for that of old time on the banke of the Oariick^hith. 
 riuer of Thames, neare to this Church, Garlicke was vsually 
 solde : this is a proper Church, whereof Richard Rothing one 
 of the shiriffes, 1326. is said to be the new builder: and lyeth 
 buried in the same, so was Waltar Ncic, Blader, one ftf the 
 Shiriffes, 1337. lohn of OxenfordY'mtne'^, Maior 1341. I read 
 in the first of Edward the third, that this lohn of Oxenford 
 gaue to the Priorie of the holy Trinitie in London, two tofts 
 of land, one Mill, | fiftie acres of land, two acres of wood, Page 2^1 
 with the Appurtenances, in Kentish towne, in valour ao.s. 
 and 3.d. by yeare. Richard Goodcheape, lohn de Cressingham, 
 and lohn Whitthorne,2ind before them Galfrid Moncley, 1281, 
 founded a Chantrie there. 
 
 Monuments remaining there, Robert Gabeter, Esquier, Maior 
 of Newcastle vpon Tine, 13 10. lohn Gisors, William Tiling- 
 ham, lohn Stanley, L. Strange, eldest sonne to the Earle of 
 Darby, 1503. Nicholas Staham, Robert de Luton, 1361. 
 Richard Lions, a famous marchant of wines, and a Lapidarie, 
 sometime one of the Shiriffes, beheaded in Cheape by Wat 
 Tiler, and other Rebels, in the yeare 1381. his picture on his 
 graue stone verie faire and large, is with his haire rounded by 
 his eares, and curled, a little beard forked, a gowne girt to him 
 downe to his feete, of branched Damaske wrought with the 
 likenes of flowers, a large pursse on his right side, hanging in 
 a belt from his left .shoulder, a plaine whoode about his necke, 
 couering his shoulders, and hanging backe behinde him. Sir 
 Ihon Wroth Fishmonger, Maior 1361. deceased 1407. Thomas 
 Stonarde of Oxfordshire. lohn Bromer Fishmonger, Alderman, 
 1474. the Ladie Stanley, mother to the Lord Strange, the 
 Countesse of Huntington, the Ladie Harbert, Sir George 
 Stanley, Gilbert Bouet, 1398, a Countesse of Worcester and 
 one of her children, William More Vintner, Maior 1395. 
 William Venor, Grocer, Maior 1389. Robert Chichley Maior 
 1421. lames Spencer Vintner, Maior 1527. Richard Plat 
 Brewer, founded a free schoole there, 1601. And thus an end 
 of Vintrie warde, which hath an Alderman, with a Deputie, 
 
250 
 
 Vintry warde 
 
 Page S]2 
 
 Cordwaiuer 
 streete warde. 
 
 Budge Row. 
 
 Wathling 
 streete. 
 
 Tiimbase lane. 
 
 Corwainer 
 
 streete. 
 
 Hosiar lane in 
 
 Cordwainer 
 
 streete. 
 
 Page 2} J 
 
 common Counsellors nine, Constables nine, Scauengers foure, 
 Wardmote inquest foureteene, and a Beedle. It is taxed to 
 the fifteene, six pound, 13. shillings 4. pence. | 
 
 Cordwainer street ward 
 
 1 HE next is Cordwainer street warde, taking that name of 
 Cordwainers, or Shoemakers, Curriars, and workers of Leather 
 dwelling there: for it appeareth in the records of H. the 6. 
 the ninth of his raigne, that an order was taken then for Cord- 
 wainers and Curriars in Corney streete, and Sopars lane. 
 
 This warde beginneth in the East on the west side of Wal- 
 brooke, and runneth west through Budge Row (a street so 
 called of Budge Furre, and of Skinners dwelling there), then 
 vp by S. Anthonies Church through y4^//2f/zVzf (or Noble street) 
 as Leylandt&xxn€Cs\ it, commonly called Wathling streete, to the 
 red Lion, a place so called of a great Lion of Timber placed 
 there at a Gate, entring a large Court, wherein are diuerse 
 fayre and large shoppes well furnished with broade cloathes, 
 and other draperies of all sorts to be solde, and this is the 
 farthest West part of this ward. 
 
 On the South side of this streete from Budge Row, lieth 
 a lane turning downe by the west gate of the Tower Royall, 
 and to the south ende of the stone Wall beyond the said gate, 
 is of this ward, and is accounted a part of the Royall streete : 
 agaynst this west gate of the Tower Royall, is one other lane, 
 that runneth west to Cordwainer streete, and this is called 
 Turnebase lane : on the south side wherof is a peece of 
 Wringwren lane, to the Northwest corner of Saint Thomas 
 Church the Apostle. Then againe out of the high streete 
 called Wathling, is one other streete which runneth thwart the 
 same, and this is Cordwainer streete, whereof the whole warde 
 taketh name : this streete beginneth by West Cheape, and 
 Saint Marie Boiv church is the head thereof on the west side, 
 and it runneth downe south through that part which of later 
 time was called Hosier lane, now Bow lane, and then by the 
 west end of Aldmary Church, to the new builded houses, in 
 place of Ormond house, and so to Garlicke hill, or hith, to 
 Saint lames \ Church. The vpper part of this street towards 
 Cheape was called Hosiar lane of hosiars dwelling there in 
 
Cordwainer street ward 251 
 
 place of Shoomakers : but now those hosiers being worne out 
 
 by men of other trades (as the Hosiars had worne out the 
 
 Shoomakers) the same is called Bow lane of Bow Church, 
 
 On the west side of Cordewainers street is Basing lane, right Bassing lane. 
 
 ouer against Turne basse lane. This Basing lane west to the 
 
 backe gate of the red Lion, in Wathling streete, is of this 
 
 Cordwainers street warde. 
 
 Now againe on the north side of the high street in Budge 
 
 row, by the East end of S. Ajithonies church, haue ye 
 
 S. Sithes lane, so called of S. Sithes Church, (which standeth s. Sythes lane. 
 
 against the North end of that lane) and this is wholy of 
 
 Cordwainers streete ward : also the south side of Needlers Needlars lane. 
 
 lane, which reacheth from the north end of Saint Sithes lane, 
 
 west to Sopers lane, then west from saint Anthonies Church Sopars lane. 
 
 is the south ende of Sopars lane, which lane tooke that name, 
 
 not of Sope-making, as some haue supposed, but oi Alen le 
 
 Sopar, in the ninth of Edward the second. I haue not read 
 
 or heard of Sope making in this Cittie till within this foure- 
 
 score yeares, that lohn Lame dwelling in Grassestreete set 
 
 vp a boyling house : for this Citie, of former time, was serued 
 
 of white Sope in hard Cakes (called Castell sope, and other) 
 
 from beyond the seas, and of gray sope, speckeled with white. Gray sope 
 
 verie sweete and good, from Bristow, solde here for a pennie "^^j, dearer*" 
 
 the pound, and neuer aboue pennie farthing, and blacke then bought 
 
 , , rr^, ■ -r. T i^oia Bristow. ■ 
 
 sope for a halfe pennie the pounde. Ihen m Bowe Lane 
 
 (as they now call it) is Goose lane, by Bow Church, William Goose lane. 
 
 Essex Mercer had Tenements there in the 26. of Edward the 
 
 thirde. 
 
 Then from the south end of Bow lane, vp Wathling streete, 
 till ouer against the red Lion : And these bee the bounds of 
 Cordwainer streete warde. 
 
 Touching Monuments therein, first you haue the fayre Parish church 
 parish Church of saint Antko?nes in Budge row, on the north ofS.Anthome. 
 side thereof. This Church was lately reedified by Thomas 
 Knowles Grocer, Maior, and by Thomas Knowles his sonne, 
 both buried there, with Epitaphes : of the father thus, | 
 
 Here lieth grauen vnder this stone. Page 3^4 
 
 Tho7nas Knowles, both flesh and bone, 
 
252 Cordwainer street ward 
 
 Epitaph of Grocer and Alderman y eaves for tie, 
 
 Shiriffe, and twice Maior trtdy. 
 And for he should not lie alone, 
 Here lietli with him his good ^vife loan. 
 They ivere togither sixtie ycare, 
 And nineteene children they had in feerc, &'c. 
 
 Thomas Holland Mercer was there buried 1456- Thomas 
 Windont Mercer, Alderman, and Katltcrinc his wife. Thomas 
 Hind Mercer, 1538. He was a benefactor to this church, to 
 Aldemarie Church, and to Bow. Hugh Acton Marchant tayler 
 buried 1520. He gaue '^6. pound to the repayring of the 
 steeple of this Church : Simon Street Grocer lyeth in the 
 Church wall toward the south, his armes be three Colts, and 
 his Epitaph thus. 
 Symon Streete Such as I am, such shall you be, 
 
 IS .pitap . Grocer of London sometime zvas I, 
 
 The kings wayer more then yeares twe?itie, 
 Simon Streete called in my place, 
 A nd good felloivship faine tvould trace, 
 Therefore in lieauen, euerlasting life 
 lesu send me, and Agnes my wife: 
 Kerlie Merlie, my wordes zvere tho, 
 And Deo gratias I coupled thereto, 
 I passed to God in the yeare of grace. 
 A thousand foure hundred it was, &c. 
 
 William Dauntsey Mercer, one of the Shirififes, buried 1542. 
 Henric Collet Mercer, Maior, a great benefactor to this Church, 
 the pictures of him, his wife, ten sonnes, and ten daughters 
 remaine in the glasse window on the North side of the 
 Church : but the sayde Henrie Collet was buryed at Stebunhith. 
 Henrie Halton Grocer, one of the Shiriffes, deceased 1415. 
 Thomas Spight Marchant Tayler 1533. and Roger Martin, 
 Page 2y Mercer, Maior, deceased 1573. Ioh7t Grantham and | Nicholas 
 Bull had Chanteries there. 
 
 Next on the south side of Budge row by the west corner 
 thereof, and on the East side of Cordwainer streete, is one 
 other fayre Church called Aldemarie Church, because the 
 same was very old, and elder then any Church of saint Marie 
 
Cordwainer street ward 253 
 
 in the Citie, till of late yeares the foundation of a verie faire 
 new Church was laid there by Henrie Keble Grocer, Maior, 
 who deceased 151 8. and was there buried in a vault by him 
 prepared, with a faire monument raised ouer him on the 
 North side the Quier, now destroyed and gone : he gaue 
 by his testament 1000. pound towards the building vp of that 
 Church, and yet not permitted a resting place for his bones 
 there. Thomas Roman, Maior 1310. had a Chauntrie there. 
 Richard Chawcer Vintner gaue to that Church his tenement Richard Chau- 
 and tauverne, with the appurtenance, in the Royall streete, Geffrey Chau- 
 the corner of Kirion lane, and was there buried, 1348. loJin cer the poet, as 
 Briton, Raph Holland Draper, one of the Shiriffes, deceased posed. 
 1453. William Taylor, Grocer, Maior deceased, 1483. He 
 discharged that ward of fifteenes to bee paide by the poore. 
 Thomas Hinde Mercer, buried in saint Anthonies, gaue ten 
 fodder of lead to the couering of the middle Isle of this 
 Aldemarie Church. Charles Blunt Lord Montioy was buried 
 there, about the yeare 1545. he made or glased the East 
 window, as appeareth by his Armes : his Epitaph made by 
 him in his life time, thus : 
 
 Willingly haiie I songht, and ivillingly haiie I found, 
 The fatall end that wrought thither as dutie bound : 
 Discharged I ant of that I ought to my ciintry by honest 
 
 wound. 
 My soule departed Christ hath bought, the end of man is 
 grotind. 
 
 Sir William Laxton Grocer, Maior, deceased 1556. and 
 Thomas Lodge Grocer, Maior, 1563. were buried in the Vault 
 of Henrie Kcble, whose bones were vnkindly cast out, and 
 his monument pulled downe, in place whereof monuments arc 
 set vp of the later buried, William Blunt L. Mountioy, buried 
 there, 1594. &c. 
 
 At the vpper ende of Hosier Lane, tovvarde West Cheapo, 
 is the fayre Parish Church of Saint Marie Bow. This Church \ 
 in the reigne of William Conqtieronr, being the first in this Q'se^^ 
 Cittie builded on Arches of stone, was therefore called newe church o7s. 
 Marie Church, of Saint Marie de Arcubus, or le Bow in West ^^^^7^^°^;^^ 
 Cheaping: As Stratford Bridge being the first, builded (by Li. Colchester. 
 
254 Cordwainer street ward 
 
 Matilde the Queene, wife to Henrie the first) with Arches of 
 stone, was called Stratford le Bow, which names to the said 
 Church and Bridge remayneth till this day. The Court of 
 the Arches is kept in this Church, and taketh name of the 
 place, not the place of the Court, but of what antiquitie 
 or continuation that Court hath there continued I cannot 
 learne. 
 
 This Church is of Cordwayner streete Warde, and for diuerse 
 
 accidents happening there, hath beene made more famous 
 
 then any other Parish Church of the whole Cittie, or suburbs. 
 
 First we reade that in the yeare 1090. and the thirde of 
 
 Roofe of Bow William Rufus, by tempest of winde, the roofe of the Church 
 
 tnrned by of saint Marie Boiv in Cheape was ouerturned, wherewith 
 
 tempest. some persons were slaine, and foure of the Rafters of 26. foote 
 
 in length, with such violence were pitched in the ground of 
 
 the high streete, that scantly foure foote of them remayned 
 
 aboue ground, which were faine to be cut euen with the ground, 
 
 because they could not bee plucked out, (for the Citie of 
 
 London was not then paued, and a marish ground.) 
 
 In the yeare 1196. William Fits Osbert, a seditious traitor, 
 Bow steeple tooke the Steeple of Bow, and fortified it with munitions and 
 Afalseaccusei victualles, but it was assaulted, and William with his com- 
 of his elder pHces were taken, though not without bloodshed, for hee was 
 
 brother m the 'i ■ i ^i 
 
 end was forced by fire and smoke to forsake the Church, and then by 
 
 *"2^ ■ the Judges condemned, he was by the heeles drawne to the 
 
 Elmes in Smithfield, and there hanged with nine of his 
 fellowes, where because his fauourers came not to deliuer him, 
 hee forsooke Maries sonne (as hee tearmed Christ our Sauiour) 
 and called vpon the Diuell to helpe and deliuer him. Such 
 was the ende of this deceyuer, a man of an euill life, a secrete 
 murtherer, a filthy fornicator, a polluter of concubines, and 
 (amongest other his detestable facts) a false accuser of his 
 elder brother, who had in his youth brought him vp in learning, 
 and done many things for his preferment. | 
 
 Page 2S7 In the yeare 1271. a great part of the steeple of Bow fell 
 
 Bowsteepic , , , , , t , 
 
 fell downc. downe, and slue many people men and women. In the yeare 
 1 284. the thirteenth oi Edward the first, Laurence Ducket Gold- 
 smith, hauing grieuously wounded one Raph Crepin in west 
 Cheape, fled into Bowe Church, into the which in the night 
 
Cordiuainer street ward 255 
 
 time entered certaine euill persons, friendes vnto the sayd 
 
 Raph, and slue the sayd Laurence lying in the steeple, and 
 
 then hanged him vp, placing him so by the window, as if he 
 
 had hanged himselfe, and so was it found by inquisition : for 
 
 the which fact Laurence Ducket being drawne by the feete, Laurence 
 
 was buried in a ditch without the Citie : but shortly after by Ranged in 
 
 relation of a boj', who lay with the said Laurence at the time Bow steeple. 
 
 of his death, and had hid him there for feare, the truth of 
 
 the matter was disclosed, for the which cause, lordan Good- 
 
 cheape, Raph Crepin, Gilbert Clarke, and Geffrey Clarke, 
 
 were attainted, a certaine woman named Alice, that was 
 
 chiefe causer of the sayd mischiefe was burned, and to the 
 
 number of sixteene men were drawne and hanged besides 
 
 others, that being richer, after long imprisonment were hanged 
 
 by the purse. 
 
 The Church was interdicted, the doores and windowes were Bow church 
 stopped vp with thornes, but Laurence was taken vp, and 
 honestly buried in the Churchyard. 
 
 The Parish church of S. Mary 'Bow by meane of incroch- 
 ment and building of houses, wanting roome in their Church- 
 yard for buriall of the dead, John Rofham or Rodham Citizen 
 and Tayler, by his Testament dated the yeare 1465. gaue to 
 the Parson and Churchwardens a certaine Garden in Hosier 
 lane, to bee a Churchyarde which so continued near a hundred 
 yeares. But now is builded on, and is a priuate mans house. 
 The olde steeple of this Church was by little and little reedified, 
 and newe builded vp, at the least so much as was fallen 
 downC; many men giuing summes of money to the furtherance 
 thereof, so that at length, to wit, in the yeare 1469. it was 
 ordayned by a common counsaile, that the Bow bell should Bow Bell to 
 bee nightly rung at nine of the clocke. Shortly after, John „fghii|at 
 Donne Mercer, by his testament dated 1472. according to the °^^^°^*^ 
 trust of Reginald Longdon, gaue to the Parson and church- 
 wardens of saint Mary Bow, two tene|ments with the appurten- Page 2jS 
 ances, since made into one, in Hosiar lane, then so called, to 
 the maintenance of Bowe bell, the same to bee rung as 
 aforesaid, and other things to bee obserued, as by the will 
 appeareth. 
 
 This Bell being vsually rung somewhat late, as seemed 
 
256 
 
 Cordwainev street ward 
 
 Bow or 
 Arches on 
 Bow steeple. 
 
 Grammar 
 schoole in 
 Bow Church- 
 yard. 
 
 Vaults vuder 
 Bow church. 
 
 Page 2S9 
 
 to the yong men Prentises and other in Cheape, they made 
 and set vp a lyme against the Qaj\ke^a-s folio weth. 
 
 Clarke of the Bow bell ivith the yelloiv lockes. 
 For thy late ringing thy head shall Jiane knockes. 
 
 Whereunto the Clarke replying, wrote. 
 
 Children of Cheape, hold y 021 all still, 
 
 For you shall haue the Bow bell rung at your tvill. 
 
 Robert Harding Goldsmith, one of the Shiriffes 1478. gaue 
 to the new worke of that steeple fortie pound. lohn Haw 
 Mercer ten pound, Doctor Allen foure pound, Thomas Baldry 
 foure pound, and other gaue other summes, so that the said 
 worke of the steeple was finished in the yeare 1512. The 
 Arches or Bowes thereupon, with the Lanthornes fiue in num- 
 ber, to wit, one at each corner, and one on the top in the 
 middle vpon the Arches, were also afterward finished of stone, 
 brought from Cane in Normandie, deliuered at the Customers 
 Key for 4.S. 8.d. the tun, William Copland Tayler, the King£ 
 Merchant, and Andrew Fidler Mercer, being Churchwardens 
 1515. and 1516. It is said that this Copland gaue the great 
 Bell, which made the fift in the ring, to be rung nightly at 
 nine of the clocke. This Bell was first rung as a knell at the 
 buriall of the same Copland. It appeareth that the Lanthornes 
 on the toppe of this Steeple, were meant to haue beene glased, 
 and lightes in them placed nightly in the Winter, whereby 
 trauellers to the Cittie might haue the better sight thereof, and 
 not to misse of their wayes. 
 
 In this parish also was a Grammar schoole by com- 
 maundement of king Hejirie the sixt, which schoole was of 
 olde time kept in an house for that purpose prepared in the 
 Churchyard, but that schoole being decayed as others about 
 this Citie : the schoole house was let out for rent, in the raign 
 oi Henric the eight, for 4. shillings the yeare, a Celler for two 
 shillings the yeare, and two vaults vnder the Church for fifteene 
 shillings both. | 
 
 The monumentes in this church be these, vz. of Sir John 
 Couentrie, Mercer, Mayor 1425. Richard Lambert Alderman, 
 Nicholas Alwine Mercer, Mayor 1499. Roberte Harding 
 
Cordwainer street ward 257 
 
 Goldsmith one of the Shirififes, 1478. lohn Loke one of the 
 Shiriffes, 1461. Edwarde Banhes Alderman, Haberdasher, 
 1566. lohn Warde, W^z'/Zzaw Pz>?-j(7« Scriuener, and Atturney 
 in the common place. In a proper Chappell on the South 
 side the Church standeth a Tombe, eleuate and arched, Ade 
 de Buke Hatter glased the Chappell and most parte of the 
 Church, and was there buried : all other monumentes bee 
 defaced, Hawley and Sowtham had chauntries there. 
 
 Without the North side of this church of Saint Mary Bow A shed or 
 towardes west Chepe standeth one fayre building of Stone, thTkln^ °^ 
 called in record Seldam, a shed, which greatly darkeneth the called crown 
 said church, for by meanes thereof all the windowes and dores 
 on that side are stopped vp. King Edward the third vpon 
 occasion as shal be shewed in the Warde of Cheape, caused 
 this sild or shed to be made and strongly to bee builded of 
 stone, for himselfe, the Queene, and other Estates to stand in, 
 there to beholde the lustinges and other shewes at their 
 pleasures. And this house for a long time after serued to that 
 vse, namely, in the raigne of Edward the third and Richard 
 the second, but in the yeare 1410. Henry the fourth in the 
 twelfth of his raigne confirmed the saide shedde or building 
 to Stephen Spilman, William Marchford, and lohn Whatele 
 Mercers, by the name of one new Seldam, shed or building, 
 with shoppes, sellers, and edifices whatsoeuer appertayning, 
 called Crounsilde, or Tamarsilde, situate in the Mercery in Crounsilde. 
 West Cheape, and in the parrish of Saint Mary de Arcubus in 
 London, &c. Notwithstanding which graunte, the Kinges of 
 England, and other great Estates, as well of forreine Countries 
 repayring to this realme, as inhabitantes of the same, haue 
 vsually repayred to this place, therein to beholde the shewes 
 of this Citty, passing through West Cheape, namely, the great 
 watches accustomed in the night, on the euen of S. lohn 
 Baptist, and Saint Peter at Midsommer, the examples whereof 
 were ouer long to recite, wherefore let it suffice | brieflie to Page 260 
 touch one. In the yeare 1510. on Saint lohns euen at night, K.Henry the 
 
 . .1 • 1 ii II J it. eight came in " 
 
 king Henry the eight came to this place then called the ^^^ m^enes of 
 Kinges head in Cheape, in the liuerie of a Yeoman of the f^r °3_f^ 
 Garde, with an halberde on his shoulder (and there beholding the kings head 
 the watch) departed priuily, when the watch was done, and ^" Cheape. 
 
258 Cordwainer street ward 
 
 was not known to any but to whome it pleased him, but on 
 S. Peters night next following, bee and the Queene came 
 royally riding to the said place, and there with their Nobles 
 beheld the watch of the cittie, and returned in the morning. 
 
 This church of S. Mary with the saide shedde of stone, al 
 the housing in or aboute Bow Church yearde, and without on 
 that side the high streete of Cheape to the Standarde bee 
 of Cordewainer streete warde. These houses were of olde time 
 but sheddes : for I read of no housing otherwise on that side 
 the street, but of diuers sheddes from Sopars lane to the 
 Standarde, &c. Amongst other I read of three shops or 
 sheddes by Sopars lane, pertayning to the priorie of the holy 
 Trinity within Aldgate : the one was let out for 28 s. one 
 other for 20 s. and the third for xii.s. by the yeare : Moreouer 
 that Richard Goodchepe Mercer, and Margery his wife, sonne 
 to lordaine Goodchepe, did let to lohn Dalinges the yonger, 
 mercer, their shed and chamber in west Cheape, in the parrish 
 of S. Mary de Arches, for iii.s. iiii.d. by the yeare. Also the 
 men of Bredstreete ward contended with the men of Cordwayner 
 street ward, for a selde or shede, opposite to the standard on 
 the south side, and it was found to be of Cordwainer streete 
 ward, W. Waldorne being then Mayor, the i. of Henrie the 6. 
 Thus much for Cordwainer streete ward : which hath an 
 Alderman, his Deputie, common Counsellors 8. Constables, 8. 
 Scauengers 8. Wardmote inquest men 14. and a Beadle. It 
 standeth taxed to the fifteene in London at 5a. li. i6.s. in the 
 Exchequer at 53. pound, 6.s. | 
 
 Page 261 Cheape warde 
 
 Cheape warde. JNeXT adioyning is Cheape Warde, and taketh name of 
 the Market there kept, called West Cheping, this warde also 
 beginneth in the East, on the course of Walbrooke, in Buckles 
 Bury, and runneth vp on both the sides to the great Conduit 
 in Cheape. Also on the south side of Buckles Berie, a lane 
 turning vp by S. Sithes Church, and by S. Pancrates church 
 through Needlers lane, on the north side thereof, and then 
 through a peece of Sopars lane, on both sides vppe to Chepe, 
 
Cheape warde 259 
 
 be all of Chepe ward. Then to begin again in the east vpon 
 the said course of Walbrook, is S. Mildreds church in the 
 Poultrie, on the north side, and ouer against the said church 
 gate, on the south to passe vp al that hie street called the 
 Poultrie, to the great conduit in Chepe, and then Chepe it 
 self, which beginneth by the east end of the saide Conduit, 
 and stretcheth vp to the north east corner of Bowlane, on the 
 south side, and to the Standard on the north side, and thus 
 far to the west is of Cheape ward. On the south side of this 
 high street is no lane turning south out of this ward, more 
 then some small portion of Sopars lane, whereof I haue before 
 written. But on the north side of this high streete is Cony- 
 hope lane, about one quarter of Olde lury lane on the west 
 side, and on the East side, almost as much to the signe of the 
 Angell. Then is Ironmongers lane, all wholy on both sides, 
 and from the North end thereof through Catton streete. West 
 to the North ende of S. Lawrence lane, & some 4. houses west 
 beyond the same on that side, and ouer against Ironmongers 
 lane end on the North side of Catton streete vp by the Guild- 
 hal, and S. Lawrence church in the lurie is altogether of 
 Chepe ward. Then againe in Chepe more toward the west is 
 S. Laurence lane before named, which is all wholie of this 
 warde, and last of all is Hony lane, and vppe to the standarde 
 on that North side of Chepe, and so stand the bounds of 
 Chepe ward. | 
 
 Now for antiquities there, first is Buckles berie, so called of Page 262 
 a. Mannor, and tenementes pertayning to one Buckle, who Buckles bury 
 there dwelled and kept his Courts. This Mannor is supposed °'' °"* ^"'="^- 
 to be the great stone building, yet in part remayning on the 
 south side the streete, which of late time hath beene called 
 the olde Barge, of such a signe hanged out, neare the gate 
 thereof. This Mannor or great house hath of long time 
 beene diuided. and letten out into many tenementes : and it 
 hath beene a common speech that when Walbrooke did lie 
 open, barges were rowed out of the Thames, or towed vp so Barges towed 
 farre,'and therefore the place hath euer since been called the ^PtrEickles- 
 Olde barge. ^''>'- 
 
 Also on the north side of this streete directly ouer against 
 the said Buckles bery, was one ancient and strong tower of 
 
 s a 
 
26o Cheape warde 
 
 stone, the which Tower king E. the third, in the i8. of his 
 
 Cemets towre raigne by the name of the kinges house, called Cernettes 
 
 bery'the^^ towre in London, did appoint to bee his Exchange of money 
 
 kinges Ex- there to bee kept. In the 39. he graunted it to Frydus 
 
 Exchequer. Guynysane, and Landus Bardoile, Marchantes of Luke, for 
 
 twenty pound the yeare. And in the 33. he gaue the same 
 
 Tower to his Colledge, or free Chappell of Saint Stephen at 
 
 Westminster, by the name of Cornettes toure at Buckles bery 
 
 in London. This Tower of late yeares was taken downe by 
 
 one Buckle a Grocer, meaning in place thereof, to haue set 
 
 vppe and builded a goodly frame of timber, but the sayde 
 
 Buckle greedily labouring to pull downe the olde tower, a 
 
 parte thereof fell vpon him, which so sore brused him that his 
 
 life was thereby shortened : and an other that married his 
 
 widdow, set vppe the newe prepared frame of timber, and 
 
 finished the worke. 
 
 This whole streete called Buckles bury on both the sides 
 throughout is possessed of Grocers and Apothecaries. Toward 
 the west end thereof, on the south side, breaketh out one 
 Penerith Other shorte lane, called in Recordes Peneritch street, it reacheth 
 
 p"!'^- , , but to Saint Sythes lane, and S. Sythes Church is the farthest 
 of S. Syth, or part thereof, for by the west end of the saide Church begin- 
 N^edlarsUne. "^^^ Needlars lane, which reacheth to Sopars lane as is afore- 
 saide: this small parrish Church of S. Sith hath also an addition 
 of Bennet shorne, (or Shrog, or Shorehog) for by all these 
 Page 263 names haue I read it, but | the auncientest is Shorne, where- 
 fore it seemeth to take that name of one Benedict Shorne, 
 sometime a Cittizen and Stockefishmonger of London, a new 
 builder, repayrer or Benefactor thereof in the raigne of E. the 
 second, so that Shorne is but corruptlie called Shrog, and 
 more corruptly Shorehog. 
 
 There lie buried in this church lohn Froysh Mercer, Mayor 
 1394. lohn Rochford and Robert Rochforde, lohn Hold 
 Alderman, Henry Froweke Mercer, Mayor 1435. Edward 
 Warrington, lohn Morrice, lohn Huntley, Richard Lincoln 
 Felmonger, 1548. Sir Raph Waren Mercer, Mayor, 1553. 
 Sir lohn Lion Grocer, Mayor 1554. these two last haue 
 monuments, the rest are all defaced. Edward Hall, Gentle- 
 man, of Greyes Inne, common sergiant of this Cittie, and then 
 
Cheape warde 261 
 
 Vnder Shiriffe of the same, hee wrote the large chronicles 
 from Richard the second, till the end of Henry the eight, was 
 buried in this church. 
 
 Then in Needelars lane haue yee the parrish church of Saint Parish church 
 Pancrate, a proper small church, but diuers rich Parishioners °f S. I'ancrate. 
 therein, and hath had of olde time many liberall benefactors, charged to 
 but of late such as (not regarding the order taken by her P""'*!^ ^"'^'^ 
 
 3.S scl bcls 
 
 Maiesty) the least bell in their church being broken, haue from their 
 rather solde the same for halfe the value, then put the parish fj"2''^^gt^ 
 to charge with new casting : late experience hath proued this 
 to bee true, besides the spoyle of monumentes there. In this 
 Church are buried Sir Aker, lohn Aker, John Barnes, Mercer, 
 Mayor 1370. lokn Beston and his wife, Robert Ray land, lohn 
 H amber, lohn Gage, lohn Rowley, lohn Lanibe, lohn Hadley, 
 Grocer, Mayor 1379. Richarde Gardener Mercer, Mayor 1478. 
 lohn Stockton Mercer, Mayor 1470. lohn Dane, Mercer, lohn 
 Parker, Robert Marshall Alderman, 1439. Robert Corche- 
 forde, Robert Hatfielde, and Robert Hatfield, Nicholas Wil- 
 filde and Thomas his sonne, the monumentes of all which bee 
 defaced and gone. There doe remaine of Robert Barley, 1360. 
 Richard Wilson, 1525. Robert Packenton, Mercer, slayne with 
 a Gunne shot at him in a morning, as hee was going to 
 morrow masse from his house in Chepe to S. Thomas of Acars 
 in the yeare 1536. the murderer was neuer discouered, but 
 by I his owne confession made when he came to the gallowes Page 264 
 at Banbury, to be hanged for fellony : T. Wardbury Haber- 
 dasher, 1545. lames Huish Grocer, 1590. Ambrose Smith, Sec. 
 Then is a part of Sopers lane turning vp to Cheape. 
 
 By the assent of Stephen Abimden, Maior, the Pepperers in Pepperersin 
 Sopers lane were admitted to sell all such spices and other ' °'^^^^ ^"^' 
 wares as Grocers now vse to sell, retayning the old name of 
 Pepperers in Sopers lane, till at length in the raigne of Henrie 
 the sixt, the same Sopers lane was inhabited by Cordwainers 
 and Curriars, after that the Pepperers or Grocers had seated 
 themselves in a more open street, to wit, in Buckles bury, 
 where they yet remain. Thus much for the south wing of 
 Cheapewarde. 
 
 Now to begin againe on the banke of the said Walbrooke, The Poxdtrie. 
 at the East end of the high streete, called the Poultrie.. on the 
 
262 Cheape warde 
 
 Parish church north side thereof, is the proper Parish Church of S. Mildred, 
 which Church was new builded vpon Walbrooke in the yeare 
 1457- loJin Saxton then parson gaue 32. pounds towards the 
 building of the new ■ Quire, which now standeth vpon the 
 course of Walbrooke. Louell and Puery, and Richard Keston, 
 haue their arms in the East windowes as benefactors. The 
 roofing of that church is garnished with the armes of Thomas 
 Archehull, one of the Churchwardens, in the yeare 1455. who 
 was there buried. Thomas Morsted Esquire and Chirurgion to 
 king Heiirie the fourth, fift, and sixt, one of the shiriiTes of 
 London, in the yeare 1436. gaue vnto this Church a parcell of 
 ground, contayning in length from the course of Walbrooke, 
 toward the West, 45. foot, and in bredth from the Church 
 toward the north, 35. foot, beeing within the gate of Scalding 
 wike in the said Parish, to make a Churchyard, wherein to 
 burie their dead, Richard Shore Draper one of the shiriffes, 
 ^^'^5- gaue 15. pound for making a porch to this Church. 
 Salomon Lanuare had a Chauntrie there in the 14. of Edward 
 the second, Hugh Game had one other. Buried here as 
 appeareth by monuments, John Hildye Poulter, 1416. John 
 Kendall, 1468. lohn Garland, 1476. Robert Bois, 1485. and 
 Simon Lee Poulters, 1487. Thomas Lee of Essex Gentleman, 
 William Hallingridge , Christopher Feliocke, 1494. Robert 
 Draiton Skinner, 1484. John Christopherson Doctor of Phi-| 
 
 Page 26} sicke, 1534. William Turner Skinner, 1536. Blase White 
 Grocer, 1558. Thomas Hobson Haberdasher, 1559. William 
 Hobso7t Haberdasher, 1581. Tho. TiLSser, 1580. with this 
 Epitaph. 
 
 HerC' Thomas Tusser clad in earth doth lie. 
 That sometime made the poynts of husbandrie , 
 By him then learne thou maist, here learne -we must, 
 When all is done we sleepe and turne to dust, 
 And yet through Christ to heauen we hope to go : 
 Who reades his bookes shall find his faith was so. 
 On the north side of the Churchyard remaine two Tombes 
 of Marble, but not knowne of whom, or otlierwise then by 
 tradition, it is saide they were of Thomas Monshampe ^, and 
 William Brothers, about 1547. &c. 
 
 ' Monshampe 1398, i6oj ; Muschainpe 1633 
 
Cheape warcie 263 
 
 Some foure houses west from this Parish Church of saint Counter in the 
 Mildred, is a prison house pertaining to one of the shiriffes °" "'^' 
 of London, and is called the Counter in the Poultrie. This 
 hath beene there kept and continued time out of minde, for 
 I haue not read of the originall thereof. West from this 
 Counter was a proper Chappell, called of Corpus Christi, and Chappeil of 
 saint Marie at Conie hope lane ende, in the Parish of saint '^°''P"^ "^ '• 
 Mildred, founded by one named lonirunnes^, a Citizen of 
 London, in the raigne of Edward the third, in which Chappel 
 was a Guild or fraternitie, that might dispend in lands, better 
 then twentie pound by yeare : it was suppressed by Henrie 
 the eight, and purchased by one Thomas Hobson, Haber- 
 dasher, he turned this Chappell into a faire Warehouse and 
 shoppes, towardes the streete, with lodgings ouer them. 
 
 Then is Conyhope lane, of old time so called of such a Conihope 
 signe of three Conies hanging ouer a Poulters stall at the 
 lanes end. With in this Lane standeth the Grocers hall, 
 which companie being of old time called Pepperers, were first 
 incorporated by the name of Grocers, in the yeare 1345. at Grocers hall 
 which time they elected for Custos or Gardian of their frater- ^"[ij^'ed''''^ """^ 
 nitie, Richard Oswin, and Laurence Haliwell and twentie 
 brethren were then taken in, to be of their societie. In the 
 yere 141 1. the Custos or Gardian, & the brethren of this 
 companie, purchased of the Lord Ro. Fitzwaters, one plot | of Page 266 
 ground with the building therevpon in the said Conyhope 
 lane, for 330. markes, and then layd the foundation of their 
 new common hall. 
 
 About the yere 1429. the Grocers had licence to purchase 
 500. Markes land, since the which time, neare adioyning vnto 
 the Grocers hall the said companie hath builded seuen proper 
 houses for seuen aged poore Almes people. Thomas Knowles, 
 Grocer, Maior, gaue his tenement in saint Anthonies Church- 
 yard to the Grocers, towardes the reliefe of the poore brethren 
 in that companie. Also H. Keeble, Grocer, Maior, gaue to Almes houses 
 the seuen almes people, six pence the peece weekely for euer, ^^x\. ^ 
 which pension is now encreased by the Maisters, to some of 
 them two shillings the peece weekely, and to some of them 
 
 ' Ion. Irunnes Thorns ; lonyrunnes 1598, 1633 
 
264 Cheape warde 
 
 lesse, &c. Henrie Ady Grocer, 1563. gaue 1000, markes to 
 the Grocers to purchase lands. And sir lohn Pechie knight 
 banaret, free of that company, gaue them flue hundred pound 
 to certaine vses : he builded almes houses at Ludingstone in 
 Kent, and was there buried. 
 
 West from this Conyhope lane is the old lurie, whereof 
 
 some portion is of Cheape ward, as afore is shewed. At the 
 
 Parish church south end of this lane, is the Parish church of saint Mary 
 
 Colecliurch. Colechurcli, named of one Cole that builded it : this church is 
 
 builded vpon a vault aboue ground, so that men are forced 
 
 to goe to ascend vp therevnto by certain steppes. I find no 
 
 monuments of this church more then that Henrie the fourth 
 
 granted licence to William Marshal and others, to found 
 
 a brotherhood of saint Katheren therein, because Thomas 
 
 Becket, and saint Edmond the Archbishop, were baptized 
 
 there. More I reade of Bordhangly lane, to be in that 
 
 Parish: and thus much for the north side of the Poultrie. 
 
 The south side of the sayd Poultrie, beginning on the banke 
 
 of the said brooke ouer against the Parish church of Saint 
 
 Mildred passing vp to the great Conduite hath diuerse fayre 
 
 houses, which were sometimes inhabited by Poulters, but now 
 
 by Grocers, Haberdashers, and Vpholsters. 
 
 v.-esLCheepea At the west end of this Poultrie, and also of Buckles berie, 
 
 pUce.™^'^ ^ beginneth the large streete of West Cheaping, a Market place 
 
 so called, which streete stretcheth west, till ye come to the 
 
 little Conduit by Paules gate, but not all of Cheape warde. 
 
 Page 26^ In the East | part of this streete standeth the great Conduit, 
 
 Great conduit Qf sweete water, conueyed by pipes of Lead vnder ground 
 
 in west Cheap. > j j r r a 
 
 from Paddington, for seruice of this citie, castellated with 
 stone, and cesterned in leade, about the yeare 1285, and 
 againe new builded and enlarged, by Thomas Ham one of the 
 shiriffes, 1479. 
 
 About the middest of this streete is the standard in Cheape, 
 of what antiquitie the first foundation I haue not read. But 
 H. the sixt by his Patent dated at Windsore the ai. of his 
 raigne, which patent was confirmed by Parliament 1442, 
 graunted licence to Thomas Knolles, lohn Chichle, and other, 
 executors to lohn Wels Grocer, somtime Maior of London, 
 with his goods to make new the high way, which leadeth 
 
Cheape warde 265 
 
 from the city of London towards the palace of Westminster, 
 before and nigh the mannor of Sauoy, percell of the Dutchie 
 of Lancaster, a way then very ruinous, and the pauement 
 broken, to the hurt & mischiefe of the subiects, which old 
 pauement, then remaining in that way within the length of 
 300. foot, and all the breadth of the same before and nigh 
 the site of the mannor aforesaid, they to breake vp, and with 
 stone, grauel, and other stuffe, one other good and sufficient 
 way there to make, for the commoditie of the subiects. 
 
 And further, that the Standard in Cheape, where diuerse The old 
 executions of the law before time had beene performed, which cheapWth 
 standard at that present was verie ruinous with age, in which a Conduit 
 there was a Conduit, should be taken down, and an other com- downe and 
 petent Standard of stone, togither with a Conduit in the same, "^^ builded. 
 of new strongly to be builded for the commoditie and honor 
 of the citie, with the goods of their said testator, without 
 interruption, &c. 
 
 Of executions at the Standard in Cheape, we read that in 
 
 the yeare 1293. three men had their right hands smitten off 
 
 there, for I'escuing of a prisoner arrested by an officer of the Executions at 
 citie. In the yere 1326. the Burgesses of London caused ^?^^^',J^^^^'''^ 
 Walter Stapleton bishop of Excester, treasurer to Edward 
 the 3, and other, to be beheaded at the Standard in Cheape 
 (but this was by Pauls gate). In the yere 1351. the 26. o{ Ed. 
 the 3. two Fishmongers were beheaded at the standard in 
 Cheape, but I read not of their offence. 1381. Wat Tiler 
 beheaded Richard Lions, and other there. In the yere 1399. 
 H. the 4. caused the blanch Charters made by Ri. the 2. to 
 be burnt | there. In the yeare 1450. lacke Cade captaine oi Pageies 
 the Kentish Rebels, beheaded the Lord Say there. In the 
 yere 146 1. lohn Dauy had his hand stricken off there, because 
 he had stricken a man before the ludges at Westminster, &c. 
 
 Then next is the great Crosse in west Cheape, which crosse Great Crosse 
 
 ... 1 T- 7 . 1 /- i ill west Cheap 
 
 was there erected m the yeare 1290. by Ed. the first, vpon g^^t biiilded. 
 occasion thus: Queene Elianor his wife died at Hardeby 
 (a towne neare vnto the citie of Lincolne), her bodie was 
 brought from thence to Westminster, & the king in memorie 
 of her, caused in euery place where her body rested in the 
 way, a stately crosse of stone to be erected with the Queenes 
 
broken. 
 
 266 Cheape warde 
 
 Image and armes vpon it, as at Grantham, Woborne, North- 
 ampton, stony Stratford, Dunstable, S. Albones, Waltham, 
 west Cheape, and at Charing, from whence she was conueyed 
 to Westminster, and there buried. 
 Crosse in This crosse in west Cheape being like to those other which 
 
 bi!^lded "^^^ remaine till this day, and being by length of time decayed, 
 lo/m Hatherley Maior of London procured in the yeare 1441. 
 licence of king H. the 6. to reedifie the same in more 
 beautifull manner for the honor of the citie : and had licence 
 also to take vp 200. fodder of lead for the building thereof 
 of certaine Conduits, and a common Garnarie. This crosse 
 was then curiously wrought at the charges of diuers citizens, 
 lohn Fisher Mercer gaue 600. marks toward it, the same was 
 begun to be set vp, 1484. and finished i486, the a. of H. 
 the 7. It was new gilt ouer in the year 1522. against the 
 Crosse in comming of Charles the 5. Emperor, in the yere 1533-^ against 
 Cheape ^j^g coronation of Oueen Anne, new burnished against the 
 
 indighted, the . . , ^ 
 
 images coronation of Ed. the 6. and againe new gilt 1554 against 
 
 the comming in of king Philip : since the which time, the 
 said crosse hauing beene presented by diuers luries (or quests 
 of Wardmote) to stand in the high way to the let of cariages 
 (as they alledged) but could not haue it remoued, it followed 
 that in the yeare 1581. the ai. of lune, in the night, the lowest 
 Images round about the said crosse (being of Christ his resur- 
 rection, of the virgin Mary, king Ed. the confessor, and such 
 like) were broken, and defaced, proclamation was made, that 
 who so would bewray the doers, should haue 40. crownes, but 
 nothing came to light : the image of the blessed virgin, at 
 that time robbed of her son, and her armes broken, by which 
 26^ she staid him on | her knees : her whole body also was haled 
 with ropes, and left likely to fall : but in the yeare 1595. was 
 againe fastned and repaired, and in the yeare next following, 
 a new misshapen son, as borne out of time, all naked was 
 laid in her armes, the other irnages remayning broke as afore. 
 But on the east side of y® same crosse, the steps taken thence, 
 vnder the image of Christs resurrection defaced, was then set 
 vp a curious wrought tabernacle of gray Marble, and in the 
 same an Alabaster Image of Diana, and water conuayed 
 ' ^533 corr. Thorns ; /jjj edd. The reference is to Q. Anne Boleyn 
 
Cheape warde 267 
 
 from the Thames, prilling from her naked breast for a time, image of 
 but now decaied. In the yeare 1599. the timber of the crosse at ^'on^t^g' 
 the top being rotted within the lead, the armes thereof bending, crosse in 
 were feared to haue fallen to the harming of some people, socmt! li. i. 
 and therefore the whole body of the crosse was scaffolded cap. 13. 
 about, and the top thereof taken down, meaning in place crosse^ being^ 
 thereof to haue set vp a Piramis, but some of her Maiesties ^^^^^^^° f^H' 
 
 , *• was taken 
 
 honorable counsellers directed their letters to sir Nicholas downe ; 
 Mosley then Maior, by her highnes expresse commandement chepecom- 
 concerning the crosse, forthwith to be repaired, and placed maunded to 
 againe as it formerly ^ stood, &c. Notwithstanding the said ^ ''^P^y'^^ 
 crosse stoode headles more then a yeare after : wherevpon 
 the said counsellors in greater number, meaning not any 
 longer to permit the continuance of such a contempt, wrote 
 to William Rider then Maior, requiring him by vertue of her 
 highnesse said former direction and commandement, [that] 
 without any further delay to accomplish the same her 
 Maiesties most princely care therein, respecting especially the 
 antiquitie and continuance of that monument, an ancient 
 ensigne of Christianitie, &c. dated the 34. of December, 1600. 
 After this a crosse of Timber was framed, set vp, couered 
 with lead and gilded, the body of the crosse downeward 
 clensed of dust, the scaffold caried thence. About 13. nights 
 following, the Image of our Lady was again defaced, by 
 plucking off her crowne, and almost her head, taking from 
 her her naked child, & stabbing her in the breast, &c. Thus 
 much for the crosse in west Cheape. Then at the west ende 
 of west Cheape street, was sometime a crosse of stone, called 
 the old crosse. Raph Higden in his Policronicon, saith, that 
 Waltar Stapleton Bishop of Excester treasurer to Ed. the 2. 
 was by the Burgesses of London beheaded at this crosse 
 called the standart without the north doore of S. Patds 
 church, & so is it noted in other writers that | then liued. P^s^ ^70 
 This old crosse stood and remained at the East ende of the 
 parish Church called S. Michael in the corne by Paules gate, 
 nere to the north end of the old Exchange till the yere 1390. 
 the xiii of Richard the 3, in place of which old crosse then 
 
 ' formerly] formally edd. 
 
268 Cheape warde 
 
 taken dovvne, the said church of S. Michael was enlarged, 
 
 and also a faire water Conduit builded about the ninth of 
 
 Henrie the sixt. 
 
 lustings and In the raigne of Edward the 3. diuers lustings were made 
 
 west Cheape. i" this streete, betwixt Sopars lane and the great Crosse, 
 
 namely one in the yeare 1331 about the xxi. of September, 
 
 as I find noted by diuerse writers of that time. In the middle 
 
 of the city of London (say they) in a street called Cheape, the 
 
 stone pauement being couered with sand, that the horse might 
 
 not slide, when they strongly set their feete to the ground, 
 
 Edward the 3. the king held a tornament 3. dayes togither with the Nobilitie, 
 
 ment'orlustes valiant men of the realnie, and other, some strange knights. 
 
 in west Cheap And to the end, the beholders might with the better ease see 
 
 togither. the Same, there was a woodden scaffold erected crosse the 
 
 Queene Philip streete, like vnto a Tower, wherein Oueene Philip, and many 
 
 fcU from a'""^ other Ladies, richly attyred, and assembled from all parts of 
 
 scaffold in the realme, did stand to behold the lustes : but the higher 
 
 ^^''^" frame in which the Ladies were placed, brake in sunder, 
 
 wherby they were with some shame forced to fall downe, by 
 
 reason wherof y'^ knights and such as were vnderneath were 
 
 grieuously hurt, wherefore the Queene tooke great care to 
 
 saue the Carpenters from punishment, and through her prayers 
 
 (which she made vpon her knees) pacified the king and coun- 
 
 sell, and thereby purchased great loue of the people. After 
 
 A shed 01 which time, the king caused a shed to be strongly made of 
 
 standing made gj-Qj^g fgj- himselfe. the Oueene, and other states to stand on, 
 
 for the king . x. ' 
 
 to behold the & there to beholde the lustings, and other shewes at their 
 
 Cheape. pleasure, by the church of S. Mary Bow, as is shewed in 
 
 Cordwainer street warde. Thus much for the high streete of 
 
 South side of Cheape : now let vs returne to the south side of Cheape 
 
 so fTrTs Chepe warde. From the great Conduit west be many faire and large 
 
 ward reacheth. houses, for the most part possessed of Mercers vp to the 
 
 corner of Cordwainer street, corruptly called Bow lane, which 
 
 houses in former times were but sheds or shops, with solers 
 
 ouer them, as of late one of them remained at sopars lane 
 
 end, wherein a woman sold seedes, rootes and herbes, but 
 
 those sheds or shops, by incrochments on y" high street, are 
 
 Page 2yi now largely builded on both | sides outward, and also vpward, 
 
 some 3. 4, or 5. stories high. 
 
Cheape warde 269 
 
 Now of the north side of Cheape street & ward, beginning North side of 
 at the great Conduit, & by saint Mary Cole church where we ^^^ ^^^ 
 left. Next therevnto westward is the Mercers chappel, some- 
 time an hospital intituled of S. Thomas of Aeon or Aears, for Hospitallof 
 a master and brethren, Militia hospitalis, £fc. saith the record Acars° ° 
 oi Ed. the 3. the xiiii. yere, it was founded by Thomas Fits- 
 thebaldde heili, & Agnes his wife, sister to T.Becket,m'Ci\& raigne 
 of H. the 2. They gaue to the master and brethren the lands 
 with the appurtenances that sometimes were Gilbart Beckeis, 
 father to the said Thomas, in the which he was borne, there 
 to make a church. There was a Charnell, and a Chappel ouer 
 it, of S. Nicholas, and S. Stephen. This hospitall was valued 
 to dispend 277. 1. 3 s. 4.d. surrendered the 30. oi H. the 8. the 
 xxi. of October, and was since purchased by the Mercers, by Mercers 
 meanes of sir Richard Gresham, and was again set open on '^PP*^ ' 
 the Eue of S. Michael, 1541. the 33. of H. the 8. it is now 
 called the Mercers Chappel, therein is kept a free Grammar 
 schoole, as of old time had beene accustomed, commanded by A free schooie 
 Parliament. Here bee many monuments remaining, but more pUaif of °^ 
 haue beene defaced : lames Butler Earle of Ormond, and S- Thomas 
 
 of j^Vcsrs 
 
 Dame loan his Countesse 1428. lohn Norton Esquire, Stephen 
 Cauendish Draper, Maior, 1363. Thomas Cauendish, William 
 Cauendish, Thomas Ganon called Pike, one of the shirififes, 
 1410. Hungate of Yorkshire, Ambrose Cresacre, lohn Chester 
 Draper, lohn Trusbut Mercer^ I437- Tho. Norland, shirifife 
 1483. sir Edmond Sha Goldsmith, Maior, 1482. sir Tho. Hill 
 Maior, 1485. Thomas Ham shiriffe, 1479. Lancelot Lahen 
 Esquire, Raph Tilney Shirifife, 1488. Garth Esquire, lohn Rich, 
 Thomas Butler Earle of Ormond, 1515. sir W. Butler Grocer, 
 Maior 1515. W. Browne mercer, Maior 1513. lohn Loke 1519. 
 sir T. Baldry mercer, Maior 1523. sir W. Locke mercer, shiriffe Locke his 
 1548. sir lohn Allen mercer, Maior 1525. deceased 1544. sir^™^^^^"^ ^ 
 T. Leigh mercer, Maior 1558. sir Ri. Malory mercer, Maior 
 1564. Humf. Baskeruile mercer, shiriffe 1561. sir G. Bond 
 Maior, 1587. &c. 
 
 Before this Hospital towards the street, was builded a faire 
 and beautifuU chappell, arched ouer with stone, and therevpon 
 the Mercers hall, a most curious peece of worke : sir lohn 
 Allen Mercer | being founder of that Chappell, was there Page 212 
 
270 
 
 Cheape wavde 
 
 Crowne silde 
 vnder Bow 
 church. 
 
 Ironmonger 
 lane. 
 
 Parish church 
 of S. Martins 
 pomary. 
 
 S. Lawrence 
 lane. 
 
 buried, but since his Tombe is remoued thence into the 
 Chappell ^ of the hospitall church, and his bodie ^ diuided into 
 shops is letten out for rent. These Mercers were enabled to 
 be a companie, and to purchase landes to the value of ao. 1. the 
 yeare, the 17. of Richard ^^ 2. They had three messuages 
 and shops in the parish of S. Martin Oteswitch in the ward of 
 Bishopsgate, for the sustentation of the poore, and a chantrie 
 the aa. of Ri. the a. Henry the 4. in the xii. of his raigne, 
 confirmed to Stephen Spilman, W. Marchford, and loh. 
 Whatile mercers, by the name of one new seldam, shed, or 
 building, with shops, Cellers and edifices whatsoeuer apper- 
 taining called Crownsild situate in the Mercerie in west Cheape, 
 in the parish of S. Marie de Amibiis in London, &c. to be 
 holden in burgage, as all the Citie of London is, and which 
 were worth by yere in all issues, according to the true value 
 of them, 7.1. 13. s. 4. d. as found by inquisition before Th. 
 Knolles Maior, and Eschetor in the said Citie. H. the 6. in 
 the 3. of his raigne, at the request of lohn Cotientrie, lohn 
 Carpenter, and William Groue, granted to the Mercers to 
 haue a Chaplaine, and a brotherhoode for reliefe of such of 
 their companie as came to decay by misfortune on the sea. 
 In the yeare 1536. on S. Peters night, king H. the 8. and Queene 
 lane his wife, stoode in this Mercers hall then new builded, and 
 beheld the marching watch of the Citie, most brauely set out, 
 sir lohn Allen mercer, one of the kings counsell, being Maior. 
 
 Next beyond the Mercers Chappell, and their hall, is Iron- 
 monger lane, so called of Ironmongers dwelling there, whereof 
 I reade in the raigne of E. the first, &c. In this lane is the 
 smal parish church of S. Martin called Pomary, vppon what 
 occasion I certainely know not. It is supposed to be of 
 Apples growing, where now houses are lately builded : for 
 my selfe haue scene large void places. Monuments in that 
 Church none to be accouhted of. 
 
 Farther west is S. Laurence lane, so called of S. Laurence 
 church, which standeth directly ouer against the north end 
 thereof: antiquities in this lane, I find none other, then that 
 among many fayre houses, there is one large Inne for receipt 
 
 ' Chappell] i^gS ; bodie 1603 . 
 
 ^ bodie 1603 ; body-roome 1633 ; chapel Tho7ns 
 
Cheape ivarde 271 
 
 of trauelers, called Blossoms Inne, but corruptly Bosoms Inne, Blossoms 
 and hath to signe Saint Laurence the Deacon, in a Border of ^""^' 
 blossoms or flowers. | 
 
 Then neare to the Standarde in Chepe is Honey lane so Page zy 
 called not of sweetenes thereof, being very narrow and some- Hony lane. 
 what darke, but rather of often washing and sweeping, to 
 keepe it cleane. In this lane is the small parrish church Parish chuich 
 called Alhallows in Honey lane, there be no monumentes in Hony knZ^^' 
 this church worth the noting. I find that lohn Norman 
 Draper, Mayor 1453. ^^^^ buried there : he gaue to the 
 Drapers his tenements on the north side the saide church, 
 they to allow for the Beame light and lamp, xiii.s. iiii.d. 
 yearely, from this lane to the Standard, and thus much for 
 Chepe warde in the high streete of Chepe, for it stretcheth no 
 farther. 
 
 Now for the North Wing of Chepe warde haue yee Catte- Catstreete, 
 street, corruptly called Catteten streete, which beginneth at 
 the North end of Ironmonger lane, and runneth to the West 
 end of S. Lawrence church as is afore shewed. 
 
 On the North side of this streete is the Guild Hall, wherein The Guild 
 the courts for the citty be kept, namely, i. the court of common com-ts kept. 
 counsaile, 3. The court of the Lord Mayor and his Brethren y*^" , 
 
 Fletwod. 
 
 the Aldermen, 3. The court of Hustinges, 4. The court of 
 Orphanes, 5. The two courtes of the Shiriffes, 6. The court 
 of the Wardmote, 7. The court of Hallmote, 8. The court of 
 requestesj commonly called the court of conscience, 9. The 
 chamberlaines court for Prentises, and making them free. 
 This Guilde Hall, sayeth Robert Fabian, was begunne to bee 
 builded new in the yeare, 141 1. the twelfth of Henry, the 
 fourth, by Thomas Knoles then Mayor, and his Brethren the 
 Aldermen, the same was made of a httle cottage, a large and 
 great house as now it standeth : towards the charges whereof 
 the companies gaue large beneuolences, also offences of men 
 were pardoned for summes of money towards this worke, 
 extraordinary fees were raysed, Fines, Amercements, and 
 other thinges imployed during seauen yeares, with a con- 
 tinuation thereof three yeares more, all to be imployed to 
 this building. 
 
 The first yeare of Henry the sixt, lohn Coiientrie and lohn 
 
272 
 
 Cheape warde 
 
 Page 2^4 
 
 Verses made 
 on the images, 
 ouer the Guild 
 hall sate. 
 
 Names of 
 Images. 
 
 Kitchins by 
 the Guildhall. 
 
 Carpentar Executors to Richard Whitingion, gaue towardes 
 the pauing of this great Hall twentie pound, and the next 
 yeare fifteene pound more, to the saide pauement, with hard 
 stone of I Purbecke, they also glased some Windowes thereof 
 and of the Mayors court, on euery which Windowe the armes 
 of Richard Whitington are placed. The foundation of the 
 Mayors court was laid in the thirde yeare of the raigne of 
 Henry the sixt, and of the Porch on the South side of the 
 Mayors courte, in the fourth of the saide King. Then was 
 builded the Mayors chamber, and the counsel! chamber with 
 other roomes aboue the staires : last of all a stately porch 
 entering the great Hall was erected, the front thereof towards 
 the South being beautified with images of stone, such as is 
 shewed by these verses following, made about some 30. yeares 
 since by William Elderton, at that time an Atturney in the 
 Shiriffes courts there. 
 
 Though most the images be ptdled down. 
 
 And none be thought remayne in Towne, 
 
 I am snre there be in London yet, 
 
 Seuen images snch, and in such a place. 
 
 As few or none I thinke will hit: 
 
 Yet euery day they shew their face, 
 
 And thousands see them euery yeare, 
 
 But few I thinke can tell me where, 
 
 tvhere lesu Christ aloft doth stand. 
 
 Law and learning on eyther hand. 
 
 Discipline in the Deiiils necke. 
 
 And hard by her are three direct. 
 
 There iustice. Fortitude and Temperance stand, 
 
 where find ye the like in all this land ? 
 
 Diuers Aldermen glased the great Hall, and other courtes, 
 as appeareth by their Arms in each window. William 
 Hariot Draper, Mayor 1481. gaue 40. pound to the making 
 of two loouers in the said Guildhal, and toward the glasing 
 therof. The kitchens and other houses of office adioyning 
 to this Guildhall were builded of latter time, to wit, about 
 the yeare 1501. by procurement of Sir lohn Sha Goldsmith, 
 Mayor (who was the first that kepte his Feast there) towardes 
 
Ckeape warde 273 
 
 the charges of which worke the Mayor had of the Fellow- 
 shippes of the cittie, by their owne agreement certaine summes 
 of money, as of the Mercers forty pound, the | Grocers Pa^^e zyy 
 twenty pound, the Drapers thirty pound, and so of the other 
 Fellowships through the citty, as they were of power. Also 
 Widdowes and other well disposed persons gaue certain 
 summes of money, as the Lady Hill ten pound, the Lady 
 Atcstrie ten pound, and so of many other till the worke was 
 finished, since the which time the Mayors Feastes haue beene 
 yearely kepte there, which before time had beene kept in the 
 Taylers Hall, and in the Grocers hall : Nicholas Alwyn 
 Mercer, Mayor 1499. deceased 1505. gaue by his Testament 
 for a hanging of Tapestrie to serue for principall dayes in the 
 Guild hall 73.11. 6.s. 8.d. How this gift was performed I haue 
 not heard, for Executors of our time hauing no conscience, 
 (I speake of my own knowledge) proue more testaments then 
 they performe. 
 
 Now for the chappell or colledge of our Lady Mary Chappel or 
 Magdalen, 2.'nd of All-Saintes by the Guild hall called London cuildhall.^^ 
 colledge, I reade that the same was builded about the yeare 
 1299. ^"d that Peter Fanelore, Adam Frauncis and Henry 
 Frozvike cittizens gaue one Messuage with the appurtenances 
 in the parrish of Saint Fawstar to William Brampton Gustos 
 of the Chauntrie, by them founded ^ in the said chappell with 
 foure Chaplens, and one other house in the parrish of S. Giles 
 without Criplegate, in the 27. of Edward the third, was 
 giuen to them. Moreouer I find that Richard the 3. in the Patent. 
 20. of his raigne, graunted to Stephen Spilman Mercer, licence 
 to giue one messuage, 3. shops, and one garden, with the 
 appurtenances, being in the parish of Saint Andrew Hubbard, 
 to the Gustos and Chaplens of the said chappell and to their 
 successors for their better reliefe and maintenance for euer. 
 
 King Henry the 6. in the eight of his raigne gaue licence to 
 lohn Barnard Gustos, and the Chaplens to build of new the 
 said chappell or colledge of Guild hall, and the same Henry Chappell or 
 the 6. in the 27. of his raigne, graunted to the parish Clearkes ^°•lJ'||^^^g^ 
 in London, a Guild of S. Nicholas, for two Chaplens by them builded. 
 
 ' founded] found isgS, 160J 
 
274 Cheape warde 
 
 to be kepte in the said Chappell of S. Mary Magdalen, neare 
 vnto the Guild hall, and to keepe 7. Almes people. Henry 
 Barton Skinner, Mayor, founded a chaplen there, Roger 
 Depham Mercer, and Sir William Langford knight had also 
 ragesys chaplens there. This Chap]pell or colledge had a Gustos, 
 7. chaplens, 3. clearkes, and foure Quiristers. 
 
 Monumentes there haue been sundrie, as appeareth by the 
 tombs of marble yet remayning, seuen in number, but al 
 defaced. The vppermost in the quire on the South side 
 thereof aboue the Reuestrie dore, was the tombe of Tohn 
 Welles Grocer, Mayor 143 1. The likenes of welles are grauen 
 on the tombe, on the Reuestrie dore, and other places on 
 that side the Quire. Also in the Glasse window ouer this 
 tombe, and in the East Window is the likenes of Welles, with 
 hands eleuated out of the same Welles, holding scrowles, 
 wherein is written Mercy, the writing in the East window 
 lohn Wels being broken yet remayneth Welles : I found his armes also 
 benefecto^to "■" *^ ^outh glassc window, all which doe shew that the East 
 Gniid^haii end and South side the Quire of this Chappell, and the 
 Reuestrie were by him both builded and glased : on the 
 North side the Quire the tombe of Thomas Kneszvorth Fish- 
 monger, Mayor 1505. who deceased 15 15. was defaced, and 
 within these 44. yeares againe renewed by the Fishmongers : 
 two other Tombs lower there are, the one of a Draper, the 
 other of a Haberdasher, their names not knowne: Richard 
 Stomine is written in the window by the Haberdasher, vnder 
 flat stones do lye diuers Gustos of the chappell, chaplens and 
 officers to the chamber. Amongst others lohn Clipstone 
 priest;, sometime Gustos of the Librarie of the Guildhall, 1457. 
 An other of Edmond Alison priest^ one of the Gustos of the 
 Library, 1510. &c. Sir lohn Langley Goldsmith, Mayor, 
 1576. lyeth buried in the vault, vnder the tombe of lohn 
 Welles before named. This chappell or colledge, valued to 
 dispend twelue pound, eight shillinges nine pence by the 
 yeare, was surrendered amongst other, the chappell remayneth 
 to the Mayor and Gomminalty, wherein they haue seruice 
 weekely, as also at the election of the Mayor, and at the 
 Mayors fest, &c. 
 
 Adioyning to this chappell on the south side was sometime 
 
 Colledge. 
 
Cheape warde 275 
 
 a fayre and large library, furnished with books, pertayning to Library at 
 the Guildhall and colledge : These books as it is said were '^""'^^ ''*"■ 
 in the raign of Edivard the 6. sent for by Edward Duke 
 of Somerset, Lorde Protector, with promise to be restored 
 shortly : men laded from thence three Carries with them, but 
 they were neuer retur|ned. This Library was builded by the Page 277 
 Executors of R. Whitington, and by William Burie : the 
 armes of Whitington are placed on the one side in the stone 
 worke, and two letters to wit, W. and B. for William Bury, 
 on the other side : it is now lofted through, and made a store 
 house for clothes. 
 
 Southwest from this Guildhall is the fayre parrish church of parish church 
 Saint Laurence called in the lury, because of olde time many ;„ the lury. 
 lewes inhabited there about. This church is fayre and large, 
 and hath some monumentes, as shall bee shewed. I my selfe 
 more then 70. yeares since haue seene in this church the 
 shanke bone of a man (as it is taken) and also a tooth of a The tooth of 
 very greate bignes hanged vp for shew in chaines of iron, s°rous'fish'as 
 vppon a pillar of stone, the tooth (being aboute the bignes of I take it. 
 a mans fist) is long since conueyed from thence : the thigh or ^f ^. inches 
 shanke bone of 3 "5. inches in length by the rule, remayneth l°°g' °( ^ 
 
 .°. man as is said, 
 
 yet fastened to a post of timber, and is not so much to be but might be 
 
 noted for the length, as for the thicknes, hardnes and strength ofanOliphant. 
 
 thereof, for when it was hanged on the stone pillar, it fretted 
 
 with mouing the said pillar, and was not itselfe fretted, nor as 
 
 seemeth, is not yet lightned by remayning drie : but where or 
 
 when this bone was first found or discouered I haue not 
 
 heard, and therefore reiecting the fables of some late writers 
 
 I ouerpasse them. Walter Blimdell had a Chaunterie there, 
 
 the foureteenth of Edward the second. There lie buried in 
 
 this church Elizabeth wife to lohn Fortescue, Katherine Stoke- 
 
 toH, lohn Stratton, Phillip Albert, lohn Fleming, Phillip Ag- 
 
 mondesham, William Skywith, lohn Norlong, lohn Baker, 
 
 Thomas Alleyne, William Barton Mercer, 1410. William 
 
 Melrith, Mercer, one of the Shiriffes, 1425. Simon Bartlet 
 
 Mercer, 1428. Walter Chartsey, Draper, one of the Shiriffes, 
 
 \ii,'>p. Richard Rich^zQ^iex of London the Father, & Richard 
 
 Rich his sonne, Mercer, one of the Shiriffes, 144a. deceased 
 
 1469 with this Epitaph 
 
 T £ 
 
276 Cheape wavde 
 
 Respice quod opus est prxsentis temporis xuum. 
 Onine quod est, nihil est praeter aniare Deuin. 
 This Richard was Father to lohn buried in S. Thomas 
 Acars, which John was Father to Thomas, father to Richard \ 
 Page 3iS Lord Ritch, &c. lohn Pickering, honorable for seruice of his 
 prince and of the English marchantes beyond the seas, who 
 deceased 1448. Godfrey Bollen Mercer, Mayor, 1457. Thomas 
 Bolleu his sonne Esquier of Norfolke, 1471. lohn Atkenson, 
 Gentleman, Dame Mary S. Maure, lohn Waltham, Roger 
 Bonifant, lohn Chayhee, lohn Abbott, Gejfrey Filding Mayor, 
 '1452. and Angell his wife, Siinon Benington Draper, and loan 
 his wife, lohn Marshal Mercer, 1493^. William Purchase Mayor, 
 1498. Thomas Burgoyne Gentleman, Mercer, 151 7. The Wife 
 of a Maister of defence, seruant to the Princes of Wales, 
 Dutches of Cornewell, and Countesse of Chester, Sir Richard 
 Gresham Mayor 1537. Sir Michell Dormer Mayor, 1541. 
 Robert Charsey one of the Shiriffes, 1548. Sir William Row 
 Ironmonger, mayor 1593. Samuell Thornhill 1597. Thus 
 much for Chepe ward, which hath an Alderman, his Deputie, 
 Common counsellors xi. Constables xi. Scauengers ix. for the 
 Wardmote inquest xii. and a Beadle. It is taxed to the 
 fifteene at 52. pound, sixteene shillinges, and in the Ex- 
 chequer at seuenty two pound, eleuen shillinges. 
 
 Coleman street warde. 
 
 JN EXT to Chepe Warde on the North side thereof is Cole- 
 manstreete Ward, and beginneth also in the East, on the 
 course of Walbrooke in Lothbury, and runneth west on the 
 South side to the end of Ironmongers lane, and on the North 
 side to the West corner of Bassinges hall streete. On the 
 South side of Lothbury is the streete called the old lury, the 
 one half and better on both sides towardes Cheape is of this 
 Warde. On the north side lyeth Colemanstreete, whereof the 
 Ward taketh name, wholy on both sides North to London 
 wall, and from that north ende along by the Wall, and More- 
 gate East to the course of Walbrook. And again from 
 Page ijg Coleman streete west to the Iron grates : and these bee | the 
 boundes of this Warde. 
 
 ^ John Marshal, Mercer, Mayor i6oj 
 
Coleman street warde 
 
 ^11 
 
 Antiquities to be noted therein are these : First the streete 
 of Lothberie, Lathberie, or Loadberie (for by all these names Lothbery. 
 haue I read it) tooke the name (as it seemeth) of Berie, or 
 Court of olde time there kept, but by whom is growne out of 
 memorie. This streete is possessed for the most part by 
 Founders, that cast Candlestickes, Chafingdishes, Spice mor- 
 tars, and such Hke Copper or Laton workes, and do afterwarde 
 turne them with the foot & not with the wheele, to make 
 them smooth and bright with turning and scrating (as some 
 do tearme it) making a loathsome noice to the by-passers, 
 that haue not been vsed to the like, and therefore by them 
 disdainedlyi called Lothberie. On the south side of this street, 
 amongst the Founders, be some faire houses and large for 
 marchantes, namely, one that of old time was the lews Sina- The lewes 
 gogue, which was defaced by the Cittizens of London, after ^ioagogue. 
 that they had slaine 70c. lewes, and spoyled the residue of 
 their goods in the yeare 136a. the 47. of Henry the third. 
 And not long after in the yeare 1291. King Edward the i. 
 banished the remnant of the lewes out of England, as is afore 
 shewed. The said sinagogue being so suppressed certaine 
 Fryers got possession thereof : For in the yeare i %^']. (sayth , 
 Mathew Paris) there were scene in London a new order of 
 Fryers, called de pcenitentia lesu, or Fr aires de sacca, because Fratres de 
 they were apparrelled in sackecloth, who had their house in penUentia* 
 London, neare vnto Aldersgate without the gate, and had 
 licence oi Henry the third, in the 54. of his raigne, to remoue 
 from thence to any other place : and in the 56. hee gaue vnto 
 them this lewes Sinagogue : after which time Elianor the 
 Queene, wife to Edward the first, tooke into her protection 
 and warranted vnto the Prior, & brethren de Penitentia lesu 
 Christi of London, the said land and building in Colechurch Cole church 
 street in the parish of S. Olaue in the lury, and S. Margaret j''^^'' °^ °^'^'^ 
 in Lothbery by her graunted, with consent of Stephen de 
 Fulborne, vnder-Warden of the Bridge house, & other breth- 
 ren of that house, for Ix. marks of siluer, which they had 
 receiued of the said prior and brethren of repentance to the 
 building of the said bridge. This order of friers gathered 
 many good schollers, & multiplied in number exceedingly 
 ' disdainedly] /djj; disdainely /doj 
 
278 Coleman street ivarde 
 
 vntill the counsell at Lyons, by the which it was decreede, 
 
 Page 2&0 that I from that time forth there should be no more orders ot 
 begging friers be permitted, but onely the 4. orders, to wit, 
 the Dominicke or preachers, the Minorites or Gray Fryers, the 
 Carmelites or white Fryers, and the Augustines : and so from 
 that time the begging Fryers decreased, and fell to nothing. 
 
 Robert Fitz- Now it followed that in the yeare 1305. Robert Fitzwalter 
 
 housed '^ requested and obtayned of the said king Edzvard the first, 
 that the same Fryers of the Sacke might assigne to the said 
 Robert their chappell or church, of olde time called the Syna- 
 gogue of the lewes, neare adioyning to the then mansion 
 place of the same Robert, which was in place where now 
 standeth the Grocers hall : and the saide Sinagogue was at 
 the north Corner of the old lury. Robert Large Mercer, 
 Mayor in the yeare 1439. kept his Mayoralty in this house, 
 and dwelled there vntill his dying day. This house standeth 
 and is of two parrishes, as opening into Lothberie, of S. Mar- 
 garets parrish, and opening into the Old lury of S. Olaues 
 parrish. The said Robert Large gaue liberally to both these 
 parrishes, but was buried at S. Olaues. Hugh Clapton Mercer, 
 Mayor 149a. dwelled in this house, and kept his Mayoralty 
 
 The windmill there : it is now a Tauerne, and hath to signe a Windmill. 
 
 oid^iunV "^^ -^"^ ^^'^^ much for this house, sometime the lewes Syna- 
 gogue, since a house of Fryers, then a Noble mans house, 
 after that a Marchauntes house, wherein Mayoralties haue 
 beene kept, and now a Wine Tauerne. 
 
 The olde Then is the olde lurie, a streete so called of lewes sometime 
 
 "'^^ dwelling there, and neare adioyning, in the parrishes of S. 
 
 The lewes Olaue, S. Michaell Bassings Hall, S. Martin Ironmonger lane, 
 
 wby w™ S. Lawrence called the lury, and so West to Wodstreete. 
 
 Duke of Nor- William Duke of Normandy first brought them from Rone, 
 
 ™^" ^' to inhabite here. 
 
 w. Rufus fa- William Rtifus fauoured them so farre, that hee sware by 
 
 uore t em. L^j^g f^ce his common oath, if they could ouercome the 
 Christians he would be one of their sect. 
 
 H. the 2. puni- Hetiry the second grieuously punished them for corrupting 
 
 shed them. v • „„„„_ 
 
 his Coyne. 
 forbad^Uiemto Richard the first forbad lewes and women to bee present 
 come to his at his coronation for feare of inchantments, for breaking of 
 
 coronation. 
 
Coleman street warde 279 
 
 which I commaundement many lewes were slayne, who being Pnge ^Si 
 assembled to present the king with some gifte, one of them 
 was stricken by a Christian, which some vnruly people per- 
 ceyuing, fell vpon them, bet them to their houses, and brent 
 them therein, or slewe them at their comming out: Also the 
 lewes at Norwich, Saint Edmondsbury, Lincolne, Stanford, 
 and Lynne, were robbed and spoyled, and at Yorke to the 
 number of 500. besides women and Children, entered a Tower 
 of the Castle, proffered money to be in suretie of their Hues, 
 but the christians would not take it, whervpon they cut the 
 throtes of their wiues & children, and cast them ouer the wals 
 on the christians heads, and then entering the kings lodging, 
 they brent both the house and themselues. 
 
 King lo/in in the eleuenth of his raigne, commaunded all King lohn 
 the lewes both men and women to be imprisoned and jg^j"'^'' "^^ 
 grieuously punished, because he would haue all their money, 
 some of them gaue all they had, and promised more to escape 
 so many kindes of tormentes, for euery one of them had one 
 of their eyes at the least plucked out, amongest whome there 
 was one which being tormented many wayes would not ran- 
 some himselfe, till the king had caused euery day one of his 
 great teeth to bee plucked out by the space of seuen dayes, 
 and then gaue the king loooo. markes of siluer, to the end 
 they should pull out no more : the sayde king at that time 
 spoyled the lewes of 66000. markes. 
 
 The 17. of this king, the Barons broke into the lews The Barons 
 houses, rifeled their coffers, and with the stone of their houses " ^ ' ^ ^''''^■ 
 repaired the gates and walles of London. 
 
 King Hejiry the third in the eleuenth of his raign graunted Charta n. of 
 to Semayne or Balaster the house of Benomye Mittim the lew h! s.'cxcheted 
 in the parrish of S. Michaell Bassinghaughe in which the *^ '^""^^ ^""^ 
 saide Benomy dwelt, with the fourth part of all his land in of the lewes. 
 that parrish which William Elie held of the Fee of Hugh 
 Neuell, and all the land in Coleman streete, belonging to the 
 said Benomye^ and the fourth parte of the land in the parrish 
 of S. Lawrence, which was the fee of T. Buckerell, and were 
 excheted to the king for the murder which the saide Benomye 
 committed in the Cittie of London, to hold to the sayde 
 Semaine, and his heyres of the king, paying at Easter a payre 
 
28o 
 
 Coleman street warde 
 
 Pal's 2S2 
 
 The lewes 
 builded them 
 a Synagogue 
 in London. 
 H. the third 
 founded an 
 house for con- 
 uerted lewes. 
 
 lewes stale a 
 child and cir- 
 cumcised him, 
 and minded to 
 haue crucified 
 him. 
 
 H. the third 
 exacteth mo- 
 ney of the 
 lewes. 
 
 lewes hanged 
 for crucifying 
 of a child. 
 
 700. lewes 
 slavn at Lon- 
 don. 
 
 of gilt spurres, and to doe the seruice thereof due | vnto the 
 Lords Court. In like manner and for like seruices the king 
 graunted to Guso for his homage, the other parte of the lands 
 of the said Benomye in S. Michaels parrish, which Lawes the. 
 Paynter held, and was the kinges Exchete, and the lands of 
 the saide Benomye in the sayde parrish, which Waltar Tm-nar 
 held, and xv. foote of land which Hitgh Harinan held, with xv. 
 yron elles of land and halfe in the front of Ironmongar lane, 
 in the parrish of S. Martin, which were the said Benomies of 
 the fee of the Hospitall of S. Giles, and which Adam the 
 smith held, with two stone houses, which were Moses the lewe 
 of Canterbury, in the parrish of S. Olaue, and which are the fee 
 of Arnold le Rens, and are the kinges exchetes as before said. 
 The 16. of the saide Henrie the lewes in London builded a 
 Synagogue, but the king commaunded it should bee dedicated 
 to our blessed Lady, and after gaue it to the Brethren of 
 S. Antlionie of Vienna, and so was it called S. Anthonies 
 Hospitall : this Henry founded a Church and house for con- 
 uerted lewes, in new streete by the Temple, whereby it came 
 to passe that in shorte time there was gathered a great number 
 of Conuertes : the 20. of this Henry seuen lewes were brought 
 from Norwich, which had stolne a Christened child, had cir- 
 cumcised, and minded to haue crucified him at Easter, where- 
 fore their bodies and goodes were at the kinges pleasure : the 
 26. the lewes were constrayned to pay to the king 20000. 
 markes at two termes in the yeare, or else to bee kept in 
 perpetuall prison : the 35. hee taketh inestimable summes of 
 money of all rich men, namely of Aaron a lewe, borne at 
 Yorke, 14000. markes for himselfe, and ten thousande markes 
 for the Queene, and before hee had taken of the same lewe as 
 much as in all amounted to 30000. markes of siluer, and 200. 
 markes of gold to the Queene. In the 40. were brought vp to 
 Westminster 202. lewes from Lincolne, for crucifying of a 
 child named High, eightteene of them were hanged : the 43. a 
 lewe at Tewkesbery fell into a Priuie on the Saturday and 
 would not that day bee taken out for reuerence of his sabboth, 
 wherefore Richard Clare Earle of Glocester kepte him there 
 till munday that he was dead : the 47. the Barons slew the 
 lews at London 700, the rest were spoyled and their Syna- 
 
Coleman street warde 281 
 
 gogue defa|ced, because one lew would haue forced a Christian Page 28j 
 to haue paide more then 2. d. for the lone of xx. s. a weeke. 
 
 The third of Edward the first, in a Parliament at London, 
 vsury was forbidden to the lewes, and that all Vsurers might Vsury for- 
 be knowne, the king commaunded that euery Vsurer should ^^' 
 weare a Table on their breast, the bredth of a paueline, or 
 else to auoyde the Realme : the 6. of the said king Edivard a 
 reformation was made for clipping of the kings coyne, for 
 which offence 367. lews were drawne and hanged, three were English lewes 
 English Christians, and other were English lewes : the same ^"^^ ' 
 yeare the lewes crucified a child at Northampton, for the lewes hanged 
 which fact many lewes at London were drawn at Horse tayles crudfvingV"' 
 and hanged: the 11. of Edward the first, lohn Peck/tam child at Noi- 
 Archbishoppe of Canterbury commanded the Bishop of Lon- An™he°lewes 
 don to destroy all the lewes Sinagogues in his Dioces. The i" England ap- 
 
 . prehended and 
 
 10. of the said Edward all the lewes m England were m one redeemed for 
 day apprehended by precept from the king, but they re- ™°j"j^^g j^^^^ 
 deemed themselues for 12000. poundes of siluer: notwith- banished this 
 standing in the 19. of his raigne, he banished them all out of ^^ ""^^ 
 England, giuing them onely to beare their charge, till they 
 were out of his Realm, the number of lews then expulsed 
 were 15060. persons : the king made a mighty masse of money 
 of their houses, which he sold, and yet the Commons of 
 England had graunted & gaue him a fifteenth of all their 
 goods to banish them : and thus much for the lewes. 
 
 In this sayde streete, called the olde lury, is a proper Parish church 
 parrish Church of S. Olaue Vpwell, so called in Record, 1330. vpwe?Hn the 
 lohn Brian Parson of Saint Olaue Vpwell, in the lury, lewry. 
 
 , , , , _, . , ^ i iU i •'^ well was vn- 
 
 founded there a Chauntrie, and gaue two messuages to that der the east 
 Parrish the 16. of Edward the second, and was by the said ^"<i °^^'^\^^ 
 
 Church, late 
 
 King confirmed : In this Church, to the commendation of the turned to a 
 Parsons and Parishioners, the monumentes of the deade re- P^™P^ ^"' ''^" 
 mayne lesse defaced then in many other: first of William 
 Dihnan Fereno or Ironmonger, one of the Shiriffes of London, 
 1367. Roberte Haueloke Ironmonger, 1390. lohn Organ Mercer 
 one of the Shiriffes, 1385. lohn Forest Vicker of Saint Olaues, 
 and of S. Stephen, at that time as a Chappell annexed to 
 S. Olaue, 1399. H. Friole Taylor, 1400. T. Morsted Esquire, 
 Chirurgion | to Henry the fourth, fift and sixt, one of the Page 284 
 
282 Coleman street warde 
 
 shiriffes, 1436. hee builded a faire new He to the enlargement 
 of this church, on the North side thereof, wherein he lyeth 
 buried, 1450. Adam Breakspeare, Chaplen, 141 1. William 
 Kerkhie Mercer, 1465. Robert Large Mercer, Mayor 1440. 
 He gaue to that Church 200 pound. lohn Belwine Founder, 
 1467. Gabriell Ra%ie ^\x\\tK,\^\\. Weftlzvortk, Esqmer, 1^10. 
 Thomas Michell Ironmonger, 1537. Giles Dewes, seruant to 
 Henry the seuenth, and to Hem-y the eight, Cleark of their 
 Libraries, and schoolemaister for the French tongue to Prince 
 Arthur, and to the Lady Mary, 1535. Richard Chamberlaine 
 Ironmonger, one of the shiriffes, 1562. Edmond Bur lacy Mer- 
 cer, 1583. lohn Brian, &c. 
 
 From this parrish church of S. Olaue, to the north 
 ende of the Old lurie, and from thence west to the north 
 end of Ironmongers lane, and from the said corner into 
 Ironmongers lane, almost to the parrish Church of saint 
 Martin, was of olde time one large building of stone, 
 very ancient, made in place of lewes houses, but of what 
 antiquitie, or by whom the same was builded, or for what 
 vse I haue not lerned, more then that king Henry the 6. 
 in the 16. of his raign, gaue the office of being Porter or 
 Kings pallace keeper thereof, vnto lohn Stent for terme of his life, by the 
 lewry. name of his principall palace in the olde lurie : this was in my 
 
 youth called the old Wardrope : but of later time the outward 
 stone wall hath been by little and little taken downe, and 
 diuers fayre houses builded therevpon, euen round about. 
 
 Now for the North side of this Lothburie, beginning again 
 at the East end thereof, vppon the water course of Walbrooke 
 Parish church haue yee a proper Parrish Church, called saint Margaret, 
 in Lothbefy!^^ which seemeth to bee newly reedified and builded aboute the 
 yeare 1440. For Robert Large gaue to the Quire of that Church 
 one hundred shillinges, and twentie pounde for ornamentes, 
 more, to the vaulting ouer the Watercourse of Walbrooke 
 by the saide church, for the inlarging thereof, two hundred 
 markes. 
 
 There be monuments in this church, of Reginald Coleman 
 Sonne to Robert Coleman buried there, 1383. This said 
 Robert Coleman may bee supposed the first builder or owner ' | 
 ^ owner] i6jj ; H onor /59<S, i6oj 
 
Coleman street wavde 283 
 
 of Coleman streete, and that saint Stephens church then builded Page 283 
 in Coleman streete was but a chappell belonging to the parrish 
 Church of saint Olaue in the lury : for we reade (as afore) 
 that lohn Forest Vicker of saint Olaues, and of the chappell 
 annexed of saint Stephen, deceased in the yeare 1399. Hugh 
 Clapton Mercer, Mayor, deceased 1496. lohn Dimocke, An- 
 selme Becket, lohn lulian and William Ilford (had) Chaunteries 
 there. Sir Brian Teivke knight, Treasurer of the Chamber to 
 King Henrie the eight, and Dame Grisilde his wife, that 
 deceased after him, were there buried, 1536. lohn Fetiplace, 
 Draper, Esquier, 1464, and loan his wife, sir Hugh Witch 
 Mercer, Mayor, sonne to Richard Witch, intombed there, 1466. 
 He gaue to his third wife three thousand pound, and to maides 
 marriages fiue hundred marks : Sir lohn Leigh 1564. with this 
 Epitaph. 
 
 No wealth, no prayse, no bright renowne, no skill, 
 
 No force, no fame, no princes loue, no toyle. 
 
 Though forraigne land by trauell search ye will, 
 
 No faitJifull seruice of the country soyle. 
 
 Can life prolong one minute of an houre, 
 
 But death at length will execute his power. 
 
 For Sir lohn Leigh to stindry countries knoivne, 
 
 A worthy Knight well of his prince esteemde, 
 
 By seeing much to great experience groivne. 
 
 Though safe on seas, though sure on land he seevidc 
 
 Yet here he lyes too soone by death opprest, 
 
 His fame yet Hues, his sotde in heauen doth rest. 
 
 By the West end of this parrish church haue ye a fayre 
 water Conduit, builded at the charges of the cittie in the Conduit in 
 yeare 1546. Sir Martin Bowes being Mayor: two fifteenes °' ^^' 
 were leuied of the Cittizens toward the charges thereof : this 
 water is conueyed in great aboundance from diuers springes 
 lying betwixt Hoxton and Iseldon. 
 
 Next is the Founders Hall, a proper House, and so to The Founders 
 the Southwest Corner of Bassinges Hall streete, haue yee ''^"• 
 fayre and large houses for Marchauntes : namely the Corner | 
 house, at the ende of Bassings hall streete, an olde peece of Page 286 
 worke builded of stone, sometime belonging to a certaine lew 
 
284 Coleman street warde 
 
 named Mansere, the sonne of Aron, the Sonne of Coke the 
 lew, the 7. of Edward the first : since to Rahere de Sopars 
 lane, then to Simon Francis. Thomas Bradbery mercer kept 
 Bay Hall. his Maioraltie there, deceased 1509. Part of this house hath 
 beene lately imployed as a Market house for the sale of wool- 
 len bayes, Watmols^, Flanels, and such like : Alderman Bennet 
 now possesseth it. On this North side against the old lurie, 
 Coleman is Coleman streete, so called of Coleman the first builder and 
 ^ "^^^ ■ owner thereof, as also of Colechurch, or Coleman church 
 
 agaynst the great Conduit in Cheape. This is a faire and 
 large street, on both sides builded with diuerse faire houses, 
 besides Allies, with small tenements in great number. On 
 the East side of this streete, almost at the North end thereof, 
 ArmorersHal. is the Armourers Hall, which companie of Armourers were 
 made a fraternitie or Guild of Saint George, with a Chantrie 
 in the Chappie of saint Thomas in Paules Church, in the first 
 Kings alley, of Henrie the sixt. Also on the same side, is kings Alley, 
 Parish ^Church ^"'^ Loue lane, both containing many tenements. And on 
 of S. Steuen the west side towards the south end, is the parish church of 
 Sinagogue of Saint Stephen, wherein the Monuments are defaced : notwith- 
 thelewes. standing, I find that William Crayhag founded a Chantrie 
 there, in the raigne of Edward the second, and was buried 
 there. Also lohn Essex the 35. oi Edward the third, Adam 
 Goodman the 37. of Edward the third, William King Draper, 
 sometime owner of Kings Alley, the 18. of Richard the 
 second, loJin Sokeling the 10. oi Henrie the sixt, lohn Arnold 
 Leatherseller, the 17. oi Henrie the sixt. Thomas Bradberie 
 mercer, Maior, the first of Henrie the eight, his tombe remain- 
 eth on the north side the Quire. Richard Hamney 141 8. 
 Kirnigham 1468. Sir lohn Garme, Richard Colsel, Edmond 
 Harbeke Currier, all these were benefactors, and buried there. 
 This Church was sometime a Synagogue of the lewes, then a 
 Parish church, then a chappell to saint Olaues in the lurie, 
 vntill the seuenth of Edward the fourth, and was then incor- 
 porated a parish church. 
 Cocke of wa- By the East ende of this Church is placed a cocke of sweete 
 phens church, water, taken of the maine pipe that goeth into Lothberie. 
 Page 28J Also in I London wall directly against the north end of 
 
 ' Watmols] Wodmels 15^8 
 
Coleman street warde 285 
 
 Colman street, is a Conduit of water, made at the charges of Conduit at 
 Thomas Exmew goldsmith, Maior 151 7. And let here be the ^°"''°° ^^"• 
 ende of this warde, which hath an Alderman, his Deputie, 
 common Counsellers foure, Constables foure, Scauengers foure, 
 of the Wardmote inquest 13. and a Beedle. It is taxed to 
 the fifteene xv. 1. xvi. s. ix. d. 
 
 Bassings Hall warde 
 
 i HE next adioyning to Colemanstreete ward on the west Bassings hall 
 side thereof is Bassings hall warde, a small thing, and consist- "'"'^^• 
 eth of one streete called Bassings hall streete, of Bassings hall, 
 the most principall house, wherof the ward taketh name. It 
 beginnAh in the South by the late spoken Market house 
 called the Bay hall, which is the last of Colemanstreete warde. 
 This streete runneth from thence north downe to London 
 wall, and some little distance both East and West, against the 
 said hall, and this is the bounds of Bassings hall warde. 
 
 Monuments on the East side thereof, amongst diuerse fayre 
 houses for Marchants, haue ye three halles of Companies, 
 namely, the Masons hall for the first, but of what antiquitie Masons Hall. 
 that company is I haue not read. The next is the weauers Weuars Hall, 
 hal, which companie hath beene of great antiquitie in this 
 Citie, as appeareth by a Charter of Henrie the second, in 
 these wordes. Rex omnibus ad guos, &c. to be Englished thus. 
 Henrie king of England, Duke of Normandie, and of Guian, 
 Earle of Aniow, to the Bishop, lustices, Shiriffes, Barons, Patent of H 2. 
 Ministers, and all his true Lieges ^ of London, sendeth greet- 
 ing : Know ye that we haue granted to the Weauers in 
 London, their Guild, with all the freedomes and customes 
 that they had in the time of king Henrie my Grandfather, so Henry the i. 
 that none but they intermit within the Citie of their craft but 
 he be of their Guild, neither in Southwarke, or other places 
 pertaining to London, otherwise then it was done in the time 
 of king Henrie my Grandfather : wherefore I will and straightly 
 com|maund that ouer all lawfully, they may treate, and haue Page sss 
 all aforesaid, as well in peace, free, worshipfull, and wholy, as 
 they had it, freer, better, worshipfuUier, and wholier, then in 
 * Lieges] /6js ; Leagues i6oj 
 
286 Bassings Hall warde 
 
 the time of king Henrie my Grandfather, so that they yeeld 
 yearely to mee two markes of gold at the feast of S. Michaell, 
 and I forbid that any man to them do any vnright, or disease, 
 vpon paine of ten pound, witnes Thomas of Canterburie, 
 Patent. Warino filio Gerardi, Camerario. Also I read that the same 
 
 Henrie the second in the 31. of his raigne, made a confirmation 
 to the Weauers that had a Guild of fraternitie in London, 
 wherein it appeareth that the said Weauers made wollen cloth, 
 and that they had the correction thereof : but amongst other 
 Articles in that patent, it was decreed, that if any man made 
 cloth of Spanish wooll mixed with English wooll, the Portgraue, 
 or principall Magistrate of London ought to burne it, &c. 
 Mathew Paris. Moreouer in the yeare 1197. king Richard the first at the 
 instance of Hubert Archbishop of Canterburie and lusticier 
 of England, ordained that the woollen clothes in euery part of 
 this realme should be in bredth two yards within the listes 
 and as good in the middest as in the sides, &c. King Henrie 
 the third granted to the Citizens of London that they should 
 not be vexed for the burels, or clothlisted, according to the 
 constitution made for bredth of cloth the ninth of his raigne, 
 &c. Richard the second, in the third of his raigne, granted 
 an order of agreement betweene the Weauers of London, 
 English men and Aliens or straungers borne, brought in by 
 Edzvard the third. 
 Girdlers hall. Lower downe is the Girdlers hall, and this is all touching 
 
 the East side of this ward. 
 Bakewell hall. On the west side almost at the south end thereof is Bake- 
 well hall, corruptly called Blackewell hall : concerning the 
 originall whereof I haue heard diuerse opinions, which I ouer- 
 passe as fables, without colour of truth, for though the same 
 seemed a building of great antiquitie, yet in mine opinion the 
 foundation thereof was first laide since the Conquest of 
 William Duke of Normandie : for the same was builded vpon 
 vaultes of stone, which stone was brought from Cane in Nor- 
 mandie, the like of that of Paules Church, builded by Mauri- 
 Page iSp iius and his successors Bi|shops of London : but that this 
 house hath beene a Temple or lewish Sinagogue (as some 
 haue fantasied) I allow not, seeing that it had no such forme 
 Bassings hall, of roundnes, or other likenesse, neither had it the forme of a 
 
Bassings Hall warde 287 
 
 Church for the assembly of Christians, which are builded East 
 
 and West, but contrariwise the same was builded north and 
 
 south, and in forme of a noble mans house, and therefore the 
 
 best opinion in my iudgement is that it was of olde time 
 
 belonging to the family of the Bassings, which was in this 
 
 realme a name of great antiquitie and renowne, and that it 
 
 bare also the name of that familie, & was called therefore 
 
 Bassings Haugh, or Hall : whereunto I am the rather induced, 
 
 for that the Armes of that family were of olde time so Armcs of the 
 
 abundantly placed in sundry parts of that house, euen in the ^^^'"S^- 
 
 stone worke, but more especially on the wals of the hall, 
 
 which carried a continuall painting of them on euerie side so 
 
 close togither, as one escutcheon could be placed by another, How Bassings 
 
 which I my selfe haue often scene and noted before the olde tgo^rthat 
 
 building was taken downe : these armes were a Gerond of name. 
 
 twelue poynts. Gold, and Azure. Of the Bassings therefore, 
 
 builders of this house, and owners of the ground neare adioyn- 
 
 ing, that warde taketh the name, as Coleman streete warde 
 
 of Coleman, and Faringden ward of William and Nicholas 
 
 Faringden, men that were principall owners of those places. 
 
 And of olde time the most noble persons that inhabited 
 this Citie, were appointed to be principall magistrates there, 
 as was Godfrey de Magun (or Magnauile), Portgraue or Shiriffe 
 in the raign of William Conqueror, and of William Ruftis, 
 Hugh de Bicch, in the raigne of Henry the first. Aiiberie de 
 Vere Earle of Oxford : after him Gilbert Becket, in the raign of 
 king Stephen, after that Godfrey de Magnauile the sonne of 
 William the sonne of Godfrey de Magnauile Earles of Essex, 
 were Portgraues or Shirififes of London and Middlesex. In 
 the raigne of Henrie the second, Peter Fitzwalter : after him 
 lohn Fitznigel, &c. so likewise in the raigne of king lohn, the 
 16. of his raigne, a time of great troubles, in the yeare 1314, 
 Salomon Bassing, and Hugh Bassing, Barons of this realme Salomon 
 as may bee supposed, were Shirififes: and the said 'S'«/(3;«o« ^^^^^^^"1^^^^^ 
 Bassing was Maior in the yere iai6. which was the first of name. 
 Hetirie the thirde. Also Adam Bas\sing sonne to Salovion Page 2go 
 (as it seemeth) was one of the Shirififes, in the yeare 1343, the 
 28. oi Henrie the third. 
 
 Vnto this Adam de Bassing, king Henrie the third in the 
 
288 Bassings Hall warde 
 
 31. of his raigne, gaue and confirmed certaine messuages in 
 Aldermanbury, and in Milke streete (places not far from 
 Bassings Hall) and the aduouson of the Church at Bassinges 
 hall, with sundrie liberties and priuiledges. 
 
 This man was afterwards Maior in the yeare 1251. the 36. 
 
 of Henrie the thirde. Moreouer Thomas Bussing was one of 
 
 the Shirifies, 1269. Robert Bassing Shiriffe, 1279. and William 
 
 Bussing was Shiriffe 1308, &c. for more of the Bassings in this 
 
 Citie I need not note, onely I read of this family of Bassinges 
 
 in Cambridgeshire, called Bassing at the bourne, and more 
 
 Bassing borne, shortly Bassing bourn, and gaue Amies as is afore shewed, 
 
 and was painted about this old hall. But this familie is worne 
 
 out, and hath left the name to the place where they dwelt. 
 
 Thus much for this Bassings hall. 
 
 Bakewell hall Now how Bakewell hall tooke that name is another question : 
 
 City" ° fo'' which I read that Thomas Bakewell dwelled in this house 
 
 in the six and thirtieth of Edwaj'de the third, and that in the 
 
 30. of Richarde the second, the saide king for the summe of 
 
 fiftie poundes which the Maior and Comminaltie had paide 
 
 into the Hanapar graunted licence, so much as was in him, to 
 
 lohn Frosh, William Parker, and Stephen Spilman (Citizens 
 
 and Mercers) that they, the said Messuage called Bakewell 
 
 hall, and one Garden with the appurtenances in the parish of 
 
 Saint Michael of Bassings Haugh, and of Saint Laurence in 
 
 the lurie of London, and one messuage, two shops, and one 
 
 Garden, in the sayde parish of Saint Michaell, which they 
 
 held of the king in burgage, might giue and assigne to the 
 
 Bakewcllliaii Maior and Comminaltie for euer. This Bakewell hall thus 
 
 forwollen ^'^^ established, hath beene long since imployed as a weekely 
 
 clothes. market place for all sorts of Wollen clothes broade and 
 
 narrow, brought from all partes of this Realme, there to be 
 
 soldo. In the 21. of Richard the second, R. Whittington 
 
 maior, & in the 22. Dreugh ^ Barringtine being maior, it was 
 
 decreed that no forrein or stranger should sell any wollen 
 
 cloth but in the Bakewell hall, vpon paine of forfeyture 
 
 thereof. | 
 
 Page 2Cji This house of late yeares growing ruinous and in daunger 
 
 ' Dreugh] Drengh /(5oj ; Drew/(5y_j 
 
Bassings Flail warde 289 
 
 of falling, Richard May marchant Tayler at his discease gaue 
 towards the new building of the outward part thereof 300. 
 pounds, vpon condition that the same should bee performed 
 within three yeares after his discease, whervpon the old 
 Bakewel hall was taken downe, and in the moneth of Feb- Bakewell hall 
 ruarie next Following, the foundation of a new strong and "^"^ bmlded. 
 beautiful storehouse being laid, the worke therof was so 
 diligently applied, that within the space of ten moneths after 
 to the charges of 3500. poundes, the same was finished in the 
 yeare 1588. 
 
 Next beyond this house be placed diuerse faire houses for 
 marchants and others, till yee came to the backe Gate of Guild 
 hall, which gate and part of the building within the same, is 
 of this warde. Some small distance beyond this gate, the 
 Coopers haue their common hall. Then is the Parish Church Coopers hall. 
 of S. Michaell, called S. Michaell at Bassings hall, a proper Parish church 
 Church lately reedifyed, or new builded, whereto lohn Barton ° " "= ^® ' 
 mercer, and Agnes^ his wife were great benefactors, as appear- 
 eth by his marke placed throughout the whole roofe of the 
 Quier and middle He of the Church, he deceased in the yeare 
 1460. and was buried in the Quire with this Epitaph. 
 
 lohn Barton lyeth wider here, 
 Sometimes of London Citizen and Mercer, 
 A nd lenet ^ his zvife, with their progenie, 
 Beene turned to earth as ye may see. 
 Friends free what so ye bee, 
 Pray for vs we you pray. 
 As you see vs in this degree. 
 So shall you be another day. 
 
 Frances Cooke, John Martin, Edward Brmnflit Esquier, of 
 Warwickeshire, 1460. Richard Barnes, Sir Roger Roe, Roger 
 Velden, 1479. Sir lames Yarford mercer, Maior, deceased 
 1527. buried vnder a fayre Tombe with his Ladie in a speciall 
 Chappell by him builded, on the North side of the Quire. 
 Sir lohn Greskam mercer, Maior, deceased 1554. Sir lohn \ 
 Ailife Chirurgion, then a Grocer, one of the Shiriffes, T-^A^. Page 2<}2 
 Nicholas Bakhurst one of the Shiriffes 1577. Wolston Dixi, 
 
 ^ sic 
 
290 
 
 Bassings Hall warde 
 
 Skinner, Maior 1585. &c. Thus haue you noted one Parish 
 Church of S. Michacll, Bakewell hall, a Market place for 
 woUen clothes, the Masons hall, Weauers hall, Girdlers^ hall, 
 and Coopers hall. And thus I ende this Ward, which hath 
 an Alderman, his Deputie, for common Counsaile foure, 
 Constables two, Scauengers two, for the Wardmot inquest 
 seuenteene, and a Beedle, it is taxed to the fifteene in London 
 seuen pound, and likewise in the Exchequer at seuen pound. 
 
 Creplesgate warde 
 
 Creplegate XhE next Warde is called of Cripplesgate, and consisteth 
 
 warde. ^j- diyerge streetes and lanes, lying as well without the Gate 
 
 and Wall of the Cittie, as within : first within the Wall on the 
 
 East part thereof, towards the north, it runneth to the West 
 
 side of Bassings hall Warde : and towardes the South it 
 
 ioyneth to the Warde of Cheape, it beginneth at the West 
 
 ende of saint Laurence Church in the lurie, on the North side, 
 
 and runneth West to a Pumpe, where sometime was a Well 
 
 with two Buckets, at the South corner of Alderman burie 
 
 streete, which street runneth downe North to Gay spurre 
 
 lane, and so to London Wall, which streete and lane are wholy 
 
 on both sides of this Warde, and so bee some few houses on 
 
 both the sides from Gay spurre lane, by and agaynst the Wall 
 
 of the Citie, East to the Grates made for the Watercourse of 
 
 From the the Channels, and west to Cripplesgate. Now on the south- 
 
 thTcrosse^in ^'"^^ from ouer against the west end of saint Latcrence church 
 
 Cheape on the to the Pumpe, and then vp Milke streete south vnto Cheape, 
 
 of Cripple'gate which Milkestreete is wholy on both the sides of Cripplegate 
 
 warde, as also without the South ende of Milkestreete, a part 
 
 of west Cheape, to wit from the standarde to the Crosse is all 
 
 of Cripplegate warde. Then downe great Woodstreete, which 
 
 is wholy of this warde on both the | sides thereof, so is little 
 
 Woodstreete which runneth downe to Cripplegate. 
 
 Out of this Woodstreete be diuerse lanes, namely on the 
 East side is Lad lane, which runneth east to Milkestreete 
 corner : down lower in Woodstreete is Louelane, which lyeth 
 by the south side of S. Albons church in Woodstreete, and 
 
 1 Girdlers] /i5jj ; Cordeliers 1598, l6oj 
 
 warde. 
 
 Page 2g} 
 
Creplesgate warde 291 
 
 runneth downe to the Conduite in Aldermanburie streete. 
 Lower downe in Woodstreet is Addlestreete, out of the which 
 runneth Phillip lane downe to London wall. These be the Phillip lane. 
 lanes on the East side. 
 
 On the west side of Woodstreete is Huggen lane by the 
 south side of S. Michaels church, and goeth through to 
 Guthuruns lane. The lower is Maiden lane, which runneth 
 west to the north end of Gutherons lane, and vp the said lane 
 on the East side thereof, till against Kery lane, and backe 
 againe : then the sayd Maiden lane, on the north side goeth 
 vp to staining lane, and vp a part thereof on the East side, to 
 the farthest North part of Haberdashers Hall, and backe 
 againe to Woodstreete, and there lower downe is Siluer- 
 streete, which is of this warde, till ye come to the East ende of 
 S. Oliiies church, on the south side, and to Munkes well streete 
 on the north side, then downe the saide Munkes well streete 
 on the East side thereof, and so to Cripplesgate, do make the 
 boundes of this ward within the walles. 
 
 Without Cripplegate, Forestreete runneth thwart before the 
 gate, from against the north side of saint Giles church, along 
 to More lane end, and to a Posterne lane ende that runneth 
 betwixt the Towne ditch on the south, and certaine Gardens 
 on the north almost to Moregate, at the East of which lane 
 is a Pot-makers house, which house with all other the Gar- 
 dens, houses, and Allies on that side the Morefieldes, till ye 
 come to a Bridge and Cowhouse neare vnto Fensburie Court 
 is all of Criplegate ward : then to turne back again through the 
 said Posterne lane to More lane, which More lane with all the 
 Allies and buildings there, is of this warde, after that is Grub- 
 streete, more then halfe thereof to the streightning of the 
 streete, next is Whitecrosse streete, vp to the end of Bech 
 lane, and then Redcrosse streete wholy, with a part of Golding 
 lane, euen to the Postes there placed, as a bounder. | 
 
 Then is Bechlane before spoken of, on the East side of the Pas^e 294 
 Red crosse, and the Barbican streete, more then halfe thereof, 
 towarde Aldersgate streete, and so haue you all the boundes 
 of Cripplegate ward without the walles. 
 
 Now for Antiquities and Ornaments in this warde, to be 
 noted : I find first at the meeting of the corners of the old 
 
 U 3 
 
292 Cveplesgate warde 
 
 A pumpe at lurie, Milkestrcet, Ladlane, and Aldermanburie, there was of 
 AldermTnbfry °^^ time a fayre Well with two Buckets, of late yeares con- 
 street, uerted to a Pumpe. How Aldermanbury streete tooke that 
 name, many fables haue beene bruted, all which I ouerpasse 
 as not worthy the counting : but to be short, I say, this street 
 tooke the name of Aldermans burie (which is to say a Court) 
 there kept in their Bery, or Coui't hall now called the Guild 
 hall, which hall of old time stoode on the East side of the 
 same streete not farre from the west ende of Guildhall now 
 vsed. Touching the antiquitie of this old Aldermans burie 
 or court, I haue not read other then that Richard Rettery one 
 Liber Oaney. of the Shiriffes of London, in the first of Richard the first, 
 ^ourTrouTld which was in the yeare of Christ 11 89. gaue to the Church of 
 hai by Alder- S. Mary at Osney by Oxford, certaine ground and rents in 
 church7 Alderman bery of London, as appeareth by the Register of 
 that Church, as is also entred in the Hoistinges of the Guild 
 hall in London : this olde Bery Court or hall continued, and 
 the Courts of the Maior and Aldermen were continually 
 holden there, vntiU the new Bery Court or Guildhall that now 
 is was builded and finished, which hall was first begun to be 
 founded in the yeare 141 1, and was not fully finished in 30. 
 yeares after. I my selfe haue seene the ruines of the old Court 
 hall in Aldermanbery streete, which of late hath beene imployed 
 as a Carpenters yard, &c. 
 
 In this Alderman bury streete be diuerse faire houses on 
 
 both the sides, meete for marchants or men of Worship, and 
 
 in the middest thereof is a fayre Conduit, made at the charges 
 
 of William Eastfield, sometime maior, who tooke order as 
 
 well for water to bee conueyed from Teyborne, and for the 
 
 building of this Conduit not farre distant from his dwelling 
 
 house, as also for a Standarde of sweete water, to bee erected 
 
 in Fleetestreete, all which was done by his executors, as in 
 
 another place I haue shewed. | 
 
 Page2<)s Then is the parrish church of S. Mary Aldermanbury a 
 
 Parish church fayre Church with a churchyeard, and cloyster adioyning, in 
 
 Aldermanbnr *^^ which cloyster is hanged and fastned a shanke bone of a 
 
 shanke bone man (as is said) very great and larger by three inches and 
 
 inches and a ^ ^^^^& then that which hangeth in S. Lawrence church in the 
 
 halfe long. lury, for it is in length 38. inches and a halfe of assisse, but 
 
Crepksgate ivarde 293 
 
 not so hard and steely,' like as the other, for the same is light 
 
 and somewhat Porie and spongie. This bone is said to bee 
 
 found amongst the bones of men remoued from the charnel 
 
 house of Powles, or rather from the cloyster of Povvls church, 
 
 of both which reportes I doubt, for that the late Reyne Wolfe Reyne Wolfe 
 
 Stationer (who paid for the carriage of those bones from the ^^"^ ^"ol'iect- 
 
 charnell to the Morefieldes) tolde mee of some thousandes of ^^ the great 
 
 Carrie loades and more to be conueighed, whereof hee wondred, creased and 
 
 but neuer told of any such bone in eyther place to bee found, puWished by 
 
 ' ■" '■ , his executors 
 
 neyther would the same haue beene easily gotten from him, if vnderthe 
 hee had heard thereof, except he had reserued the like for HdonsL^d^'' 
 himselfe, being the greatest preseruer of antiquities in those 
 partes for his time. True it is, that this bone, (from whence 
 soeuer it came) beeing of a man, as the forme sheweth, must 
 needes be monstrous, and more then after the proportion of 
 fiue shanke bones of any man now liuing amongst vs. There 
 lie buried in this Church Simon Winchcombe Esquier, 139 1. 
 Robert Combarton 1433. lohn Wheatley Mercer, 1428. Sir 
 William Estfild, knight of the Bath, Mayor, 1438. a great 
 benefactor to that church, vnder a fayre monument, hee also 
 builded their steeple, changed their old Eels into 5. tunable 
 bels, and gaue one hundred poundes to other workes of that 
 church. Moreouer hee caused the Conduit in Aldermanbury Conduit in 
 which he had begun, to be performed at his charges, and bury.™"*" 
 water to be conuayed by pypes of leade from Tyborne to 
 Fleetstreete, as I haue said. And also from high Eerie to the 
 parrish of S. Giles without Cripplegate, where the inhabitants 
 of those partes incastellated the same in sufficient cesterns,/^^;? 
 Midleton, Mercer, Mayor 1472. lohn Tomes Draper, i486. 
 William Bucke,T3.y\ox, 1501. Sir William Broivne Mayor,i5o7. 
 Dame Margaret leninges, wife to Stephen leninges.'M.a.yor 1515- 
 A widdow named Starkey sometime wife to Modie. Raffe Wood- 
 cock Gi-ocer, one of the shiriffes 1586. Dame | Mary Gresham Page 296 
 wife to Sir lohn Gresham, 1538. Thomas Godfrey Remem- 
 brancer of the office of the first fruites, 1577. Eeneath this 
 church haue yee Gay spur lane, which runneth downe to Gay spur lane. 
 London Wall as is afore shewed. In this lane at the North 
 end thereof was of olde time a house of Nunnes, which house 
 ' steely] 163J ; Steele like 160^ 
 
294 Creplesgate warde 
 
 being in great decay, William Elsing Mercer in the yeare of 
 
 Christ, 1329. the 3. oi Edward the 3. began in place thereof 
 
 Priory or Hos- the foundation of an Hospitall, for sustentation of 100. blind 
 
 Ehfn<T"pmie. "^^"' towardes the erection whereof, he gaue his two houses in 
 
 the parishes of S. Alphage, and our blessed Lady in Alder- 
 
 manbury neare Cripplegate. This house was after called a 
 
 Priorie or Hospital of S. Mary the Virgin, founded in the 
 
 yeare 1332. by W. Elsing for Canons regular : the which W. 
 
 became the first Prior there. Robert Elsing son to the said W. 
 
 Charterhouse gaue to the said Hospitall 13 li. by the yeare, for the finding 
 
 withott^"^ of 3. priestes, hee also gaue 100. s. towards the inclosing of the 
 
 Aldersgate, & new churchycard without Aldegate and 100. s. to the inclosing 
 
 Hke without^ ^^ '^^ "^^ Churchyeard without Aldersgate, to Thomas Elsing 
 
 Aldgate. his sonne 80. pound, the rest of his goods to bee sold, and 
 
 giuen to the poore. This house valued 19311. 15. s. 5. d. was 
 
 surrendered the xi. of May, the xxii. of Henry the eight. 
 
 The monumentes that were in this church defaced. Thomas 
 Cheney, sonne to William Cheney, Thomas, lohn, and William 
 Cheney, lohn Northampton Draper, Mayor 1381. Edmond 
 Hungerford, Henry Frozvike, loan, daughter to sir William 
 Cheney, wife to William Stokes, Robert Eldarbroke Esquier, 
 1460. dame loan Ratcliffe, William Fowler, William King- 
 stone, Thomas Swineley, and Helen his wife, &c. The princi- 
 pall Isle of this church towardes the north was pulled down 
 and a frame of foure houses set vp in place : the other parte 
 from the steeple vpward, was conuerted into a parrish Church 
 Parish church of S. Alphage, and the parrish Church which stoode neare 
 o • P ^ge- yj^(-Q (-hg Wall of the Cittie by Cripplesgate was pulled downe, 
 the plot thereof made a Carpenters yearde, with saw pittes. 
 The hospitall it selfe, the Prior, and Canons house with other 
 lodgings, were made a dwelling house, the church yeard is 
 a garden plot, and a fayre gallery on the cloyster: the 
 Page 297 lodgings for the poore are i translated into stabling for 
 
 horses. 
 Elsing Spittle In the yeare 1,541. sir Ioh7i Williams maister of the kinges 
 burned. lewels, dwelling in this house on Christmas euen at night, 
 
 about seuen of the clocke, a great fire began in the gallery 
 thereof, which burned so sore, that the flame fiering the whole 
 house, and consuming it, was scene all the Cittie ouer, and 
 
Creplesgate ivarde 295 
 
 was hardly quenched, whereby mania of the khigs Jewels 
 were burned, and more imbeseled (as was said). Sir Rowland 
 Heyward, Mayor, dwelled ill this Spittle, and was buried there, 
 '593- Richard Lee, alias, Clarenciaiilx king of Armes, 1597. 
 
 Now to returne to Milkstreete, so called of Milke sold 
 there, there bee many fayre houses for wealthy Marchantes 
 and other : amongst the which I read that Gregory Rokesley Gregory 
 Mayor of London in the yeare 1275. dwelled in this Milke M°ayor7fLon- 
 streete, in an house belonging to the Priorie of Lewes in don, his house 
 Sussex, whereof hee was tenant at will, paying twentie shil- ungsAeyeare. 
 linges by the yeare without other charge: such were the 
 rentes of those times. 
 
 In this Milke streete is a smal parrish church of Saint Parish church 
 Marie Magdalen, which hath of late yeares beene repayred, Magdalen! 
 William Browne Mayor 15 13. gaue to this church forty 
 pound, & was buried there, Thomas Exmew Mayor, 1528. gaue 
 forty li. and was buried there : so was lohn Milford one of the 
 shiriffes i375<?>. Lohn Olney Mayor, 1475. Richard Rawson 
 one of the shiriffes, 1476. Henrie Kelsey, Sir Lohn Browne 
 Mayor, 1497. Thomas Mnschampe one of the Shiriffes, 1463. 
 Sir William Cantilo Knight, Mercer, 146a. Henry Cantlow, 
 Mercer, marchant of the Staple, who builded a Chappell and 
 was buried there, 1495. Lohn West Alderman, 151 7. lohn 
 Machell Alderman, 1558. Thomas Skinner Clothworker, Mayor 
 1596. 
 
 Then next is Woodstreete, by what reason so called, I Woodstreet. 
 know not, true it is that of olde time, according to a decree made 
 in the raigne of Richard the first, the houses in London were 
 builded of stone for defence of fire, which kind of building 
 was vsed for two hundred yeares or more, but of later time 
 for the winning of ground taken downe, and houses of timber 
 set vp in place. It seemeth therfore that this street hath 
 beene of the latter building | all of timber, (for not one house Page 2^s 
 of stone hath been known there,) and therfore called Wood- 
 street, otherwise it might take the name of some builder or 
 owner thereof. 
 
 Thomas Wood one of the shiriffes in the yeare 149 1. 
 dwelled there ; he was an especiall benefactor towardes the 
 building of S. Peters church at Woodstreet ende : he also 
 
296 Cveplesgate warde 
 
 builded the beautifull front of houses in Cheape, ouer against 
 Woodstreete end, which is called Goldsmithes row, garnished 
 with the likenes of Woodmen : liis predecessors might bee 
 the first builders, owners and namers of this streete after their 
 owne name. 
 
 On the East side of this street is one of the Prison houses, 
 
 pertayning to the Shiriffes of London, and is called the 
 
 Compter in Compter in Woodstreet, which was prepared to be a prison 
 
 house in the yere 1555. and on the Eue of S. Michaell the 
 
 Archangel!, the prisoners that lay in the Compter in Bred- 
 
 streete were remoued to this Compter in Woodstreete. 
 
 Ladle lane, Beneath this Compter is Lad lane, or Ladle hall ^, for so 
 
 called Lad I find it of Record, in the parrish of S. Michaell Woodstreete, 
 
 i''"^' , and beneath that is Loue lane, so called of wantons. By 
 
 Loue lane. . 
 
 Parish church this lane is the parrish church of S. Albon, which hath the 
 of s. Albon. monuments of Sir Richard I llingw or th Baron of the Exchequer, 
 Thomas Catworth Grocer, Mayor, 1443. lohii Woodcocke, 
 Mayor, 1405. lohn Collet and Alice his wife : Raph Thomas, 
 Raph and Richard sonnes of Raph Illingworth, which was 
 Sonne to Sir Richard Illingworth Baron of the Exchequer, 
 Thomas sonne of Sir Thomas Fitzwilliams , Tliomas Chalton, 
 Mercer, Mayor, 1449. Thomas Ostrich Haberdasher 1483. 
 Richarde Swetenhain Esquier, and William Dmilhorne Towne 
 Clearke of London, with this Epitaph : 
 
 Falix prima dies postquam viortalibits xui 
 Cesserit, hie morbus subit, aiqtte repente senectus. 
 Turn mors qua nostrum D^mthorn cecidisse Wilelmnm, 
 Hand cuiqiiam lattiisse reor, dignissimus [inqtmm,) 
 Artibiis hie doctor, nee non celeberrimus huius 
 Clericiis vrbis erat primus, nullique secundus, 
 Moribus, ingenio, stttdio, nil dixeris illi, 
 Qtdn dederit nattira boni, pins ipse, modestus, 
 Longattimus, - solers, patiens ^, stiper omnia grains, \ 
 I'a^e 2p9 Quique sub immensas euras variosqne labores, 
 
 Anxins atteritur, vitx dtim carpserit auras. 
 Hoc tetro in tumido, compostns pace qniescit. 
 
 Simon Morsted, Thomas Pipehirst" Esquier, Richarde 
 
 ' lane i^gS ; hall 1602 ^~- solers, ■patiens Thorns ; solis /djj 
 
 ^ Pikehurst IS9S, i6oj ; Pikehvrst Harl. 538 
 
Creplesgate warde 297 
 
 Take, Robert Ashcombe, Thomas Lonet, Esquier, Shiriffe of 
 Northamptonshire, 1491. lokn Spoore, Katheren daughter to 
 Sir Thomas Mir ley Knight, William Linchlade Mercer, 1392. 
 lohn Penie Mercer, 1450. lohn Thomas Mercer, 1485. Chris- 
 topher Hawse, Mercer, one of the shiriffes 1503. William 
 Skarboroiigh Vintner, Simon de Berching, Sir lohn Cheke 
 Knight, Schoolemaister to king Edward the sixt, deceased 
 ^SSl- do lie here. 
 
 Then is Adle streete, the reason of which name I know Adle street. 
 not, for at this present it is replenished with fayre buildinges 
 on both sides : amongst the which there was sometime the 
 Pinners Hall, but that Company being decayed, it is now the Pinners hall, 
 Plaisterers Hall. T'^ ''jf P^^'^" 
 
 terers hall. 
 
 Not far from thence is the Brewers Hall, a fayre house, Brewers hall. 
 which companie of Brewers was incorporated by King H. 
 the 6. in the J 6. of his raign, confirmed by the name ot 
 S. Mary and S. Thovias the Martyr, the 19. of .£". the 4. 
 
 From the West end of this Addle streete, little Woode- 
 streete runneth downe to Cripplesgate, and somewhat East 
 from the Sunne Tauerne against the wall of the Citty is the Curriers hall. 
 Curriers Hall. 
 
 Now on the West side of Woodstreete haue yee Huggen Huggen lane. 
 lane, so called of one Hngan, that of olde time dwelled there : 
 hee was called Hngan in the lane, as I haue read in the 
 34. of E. the first, this lane runneth downe by the south side 
 of S. Michaels church in Woodstreet, and so, growing very 
 narrow by meane of late encrochmentes, to Guthurons lane. 
 
 The parrish church of saint Michaell in Woodstreete is a Parish church 
 proper thing, and lately well repayred, lohii lue Parson of j^ -^/^Qojjtjggt. 
 this church, lohn Forster Goldsmith, and Peter Fikelden 
 Taylor, gaue two messuages and two shoppes, with solars, 
 sellars, and other edifices in the same parrish and streete, 
 and in Ladle lane, | to the reparations of the church, Page 300 
 chauncell, and other workes of charitie, the 16. of Richard 
 the second. 
 
 The monumentes here be of William Bambrough the sonne 
 of Henry Bambrough of Skardborough, 139a. William Turner 
 Waxechandler, 1400. lohn Peke Goldsmith, 1441. William 
 Tanerner Girdler, 1454. William Mancer Ironmonger, 1465. 
 
298 Creplesgate warde 
 
 lohn Nash 1466. with an Epitaph, lohn Allen Timbermonger, 
 1441. Robert Draper 1500. lohn Lamberde Draper, Alder- 
 man, one of the Shiriffes of London, who deceased 1554. and 
 was father to William Lanibarde Esquire, well knowne by 
 sundry learned bookes that he hath published, lohi Medley 
 Chamberlaine of London, lohn Marsh, Esquire, Mercer and 
 common Seargeant oi London, &c. There is also (but without 
 lames the any outward monument) the head of lames, the fourth king 
 s^'JwsTea^dOf Scots of that name, slayne at Flodden field, and buried 
 buried in S. here by this occasion. After the battell the body of the 
 chlii-cMn saide king being founde, was closed in lead, and conueyed 
 Woodstreet. fj-Qj,-, thence to London, and so to the Monastery of Sheyne 
 in Surrey, where it remayned for a time, in what order I am 
 not certaine : but since the dissolution of that house, in the 
 raigne of Edward the sixt, Henry Gray Duke of Suffolke, 
 beeing lodged and keepingvhouse there, I haue beene shewed 
 the same body so lapped in lead, close to the head and body, 
 throwne into a wast roome amongst the olde timber, leade, 
 and other rubble. Since the which time Workemen there 
 for their foolish pleasure hewed off his head : and Launcelot 
 Yoimg Maister Glasier to her Maiestie, feeling a sweet savour 
 to come from thence, and seeing the same dryed from all 
 moisture, and yet the forme remayning, with the hayre of the 
 heade and bearde redde, brought it to London to his house 
 in Woodstreet, where for a time hee kept it for the sweete- 
 nesse, but in the ende caused the Sexton of that Church to 
 bury it amongst other bones, taken out of their Charnell, &c. 
 Black hall in I reade in diuers Recordes of a house in Woodstreete then 
 s. Michaels Called Blacke Hall, but no man at this day can tell thereof, 
 parish. On the North side of this S. Michaels church is Mayden 
 
 Ingenelane or <. i . t i 
 
 Mayden lane, lane, now SO called, but of old time Ingenelane, or Inglane. 
 
 Waxchandlers In this lane the Waxechandlers haue their common Hal on 
 
 Paze 301 ^^^ south side I thereof: and the Haberdashers haue their like 
 
 Haberdashers hall on the North side at Stayning lane end. This Company 
 
 Record in the of the Haberdashers or Hurrers of olde time so called, were 
 
 Rowles. incorporated a Brotherhood of saint Katherine, the 26. of 
 
 Henry the sixt, and so confirmed by Henrie the seauenth, the 
 
 17. of his raigne, the Cappers and Hat Marchantes or Hurrers 
 
 being one Company of Haberdashers. 
 
Creplesgafe warde 299 
 
 Downe lower in Woodstreete is Siluer streete, (I thinke Siluer street. 
 of siluer smithes dwelling there) in which bee diuers fayre 
 houses. 
 
 And on the North side thereof is Monkes well streete, so Monks well 
 called of a well at the North end thereof, where the Abbot ^'''^^*" 
 of Garendon had an house or Cell called saint lames in the 
 Wall by Criplesgate, and certaine Monkes of their house 
 were the Chaplens there, wherefore the Well (belonging to 
 that Cell or Hermitage) was called Monks Wei, and the street 
 of the Wei Monkswel street. 
 
 The East side of this streete downe against London wall, 
 and the south side thereof to Criplesgate, bee of Criplesgate 
 ward, as is afore shewed. In this street by the corner of Monks 
 well street is the Bowyers hall. On the said east side of Monks Boyers hall. 
 well streete be proper Almesehouses, 12. in number founded 
 by sir Ambrose Nicholas, Salter, Mayor 1575. wherein be Almes houses 
 placed twelue poore and aged people rent free, hauing each gtreet°" ^ ^^ 
 of them seuen pence the weeke, and once the yeare each of 
 them fiue sackes of Charcoales, and one quarter of an hundreth 
 of Faggots of his gift for euer. 
 
 Then in little Woodestreet be seauen proper Chambers in Almes cham- 
 an Alley on the west side, founded for seuen poore people, wo'^od street.^ 
 therein to dwell rent free, by Henry Barton Skinner, Mayor 
 1416. Thus much for the Monuments of this Ward within 
 the walles. 
 
 Now without the Posterne of Criplesgate, first is the parish Parrish church 
 Church of saint Giles a very fayre and large church lately °itVout' ^^ 
 repaired after that the same was burned, in the yeare 1545. Criplegate. 
 the 37. of Henry the eight, by which mischance the monu- 
 ments of the dead in this church are very fewe : notwith- 
 standing I haue read of these following : Alice, William & 
 lohn wife and sonnes to T. \ Clarell, Agnes daughter to Page 302 
 Thomas Niter Gentleman, William Atzvel, Felix daughter to 
 sir Thomas Gisors, and wife to Thomas Trauars, Thomas 
 Mason Esquier, Edmond Wartar, Esquier, loan wife to John 
 Chamberlaine Esquier, daughter to Roger Lewkner Esquier, 
 William Fryer, lohn Hamberger Esquier, Hugh Moresbye, 
 Gilbert Prince, Alderman, Oliuer Cherley Gentleman, sir lohn 
 Wright or Writhesley, alias Garter King at Armes, loan 
 
300 Creplesgate warde 
 
 wife to Thomas Writhesley, sonne to sir lohn Writhesley, 
 Garter, daughter and heyre to William Hal Esquier, lohn 
 Writhesley the yonger, sonne to sir lohn Writhesley 8: 
 Alianor, A Honor second wife to lohn Writhesley daughter 
 and heyre to Thomas Arnolde, sister and heyre to Richard 
 Arnold Esquier, lohit her sonne and heyre, Margaret Writh'^ 
 her daughter, lohn Brigget, Thomas Ruston Gentleman, lohn 
 Talbot, Esquier, and Katheren his wife, Thomas Warfle, and 
 Isabel his wife, Tliomas Lucie Gentleman, 1447- Raph Roch- 
 ford knight, 1409. Edniond Watar Esquier, Elizabeth wife 
 to Richard Barnes, sister and heyre to Richard Malgraue, 
 Esquier, of Essex, Richard Gouere, & loJm Gouere Esquiers, 
 '^lolm Baronie of Millain, 1546 2, Sir Henry Grey knight, sonne 
 and heyre to George Grey Earle of Kent, 1562, Reginalde 
 Grey Earle of Kent, Richard Choppin ^, Tallowe Chandler, one 
 of the shiriffes, 1530. lohn Haniber Esquier, 1573, Thomas 
 Hanley alias Clarenciaux King at Armes, Thomas Busbie, 
 Cooper, who gaue the Queenes head Tauerne to the reliefe 
 of the poore in the parrish, 1575. lohn Whelar Goldsmith 
 1575. Richard Bolene, 1563. William Bolene 1575. W. Bolene 
 Phisition, 1587. Robert Croivley Vicker there, all these foure 
 vnder one olde stone in the Quire, the learned lohn Foxe writer 
 of the Actes and Monumentes of the English church 1587, 
 The skilfuU Robert Glouer alias Sommerset Herralde 1588. 
 Brotherhoode There was in this church of old time a fraternitie or 
 Church. Brotherhoode of our blessed Ladie, or Corpus Chrisii, and 
 
 saint Giles, founded by lohn Belancer in the raigne o{ Edwarde 
 the thirde, the 0,^. yeare of his raigne. 
 WaterConduit Some small distance from the east end of this church is 
 cJipUscate ^ water I Conduit brought in pypes of leade from Highbery, 
 Page 303 by lohn Middleton one of the Executors to Sir William East- 
 field, and of his goodes, the inhabitantes adioyning castelated 
 it of their owne costes and charges, about the yeare 1483. 
 Bosse in the There was also a Bosse of cleare water, in the wall of the 
 Churchyeaid*^ Churchyeard, made at the charges o{ Richard Whiting ton som- 
 times Mayor, and was like to that of Belins gate : of late the 
 same was turned into an euill pumpe, and so is cleane decayed. 
 
 ' Margaret Writh IJ9S; Margaret with 1603 
 ^-"^ am. i6jj ; but cf. i6jj,p. jij b ^ Champion 1633 
 
Creplesgate ivarde 301 
 
 There was also a fayre poole of cleare water neare vnto the Poole of spring 
 Parsonage, on the west side thereof, which was filled vp in ^^'^'^" 
 the raigne oi Henry the sixt, the spring was coaped in, and 
 arched ouer with hard stone, and staires of stone to goe down 
 to the spring, on the banke of the Towne ditch : and this 
 was also done of the goodes, and by the executors of Richard 
 Whiting ton. 
 
 In white crosse streete king Henry the fift builded one white Crosse 
 fayre house, and founded there a brotherhoode of saint Giles, ^*'^^^'' 
 to bee kept, which house had sometime beene an Hospitall Hospitall of 
 of the French order, by the name of saint Giles without o^der^'""'^'' 
 Criplesgate, in the raigne of E. the first, the king hauing 
 the iurisdiction and poynting a Gustos thereof, for the pre- 
 cinct of the parrish of saint Giles, &c. patent R. 2. the 15. yeare, 
 which Hospitall being suppressed^ the landes were giuen to 
 the Brotherhood for reliefe of the poore. 
 
 One Alley of diuers tenementes ouer against the north wall 
 of S. Giles Ghurchyeard, was appoynted to bee almes houses 
 for the poore, wherein they dwelled rent free, and otherwise 
 were relieued : but the said Brotherhoode was suppressed by 
 Henry the 8. since which time Sir lolm GresJiam Mayor pur- 
 chased the landes and gaue parte therof to the maintenance 
 of a free schoole, which he had founded at Holt, a Market 
 town in Norfolke. 
 
 In Red crosse street on the west side from saint Giles I'^ed Crosse 
 Churchyard, vp to the said Crosse, be many fayre houses L[ber^s. 
 builded outward, with diuers Alleyes, turning into a large B"ttolph. 
 plot of grounde, of olde time called the lewes Garden, as Garden or 
 being the onely place appoynted them in England, wherein PjJ^?^ 1° ^"'^ 
 to bury their deade, till the yeare 1177. the 34. oi Henry the 
 second, that it was permitted to them (after long sute to the 
 king and Parliament at Oxford) to haue a speciall place 
 assigned them in euery quarter where they dwelled. | 
 
 This plot of ground remayned to the said lewes, till the Page 304 
 time of their final banishment out of England, and is now 
 turned into faire garden plots and summer houses for pleasure. 
 
 On the east side of this Red crosse streete, bee also diuers 
 faire houses, vp to the Crosse. And there is Beech lane, Beecli lane. 
 peraduenture so called o{ Nicholas de la Beech, Lieutenant of 
 
302 
 
 Creplesgate warde 
 
 The Abbot of 
 Ramsey his 
 Inne. 
 
 Almes houses 
 in Beech lane. 
 
 Golding lane. 
 Almes people 
 there. 
 
 Buighkening 
 or Barbican. 
 
 Page }os 
 Garterhonse . 
 
 the Tower of London, put out of that office in the 13. of 
 Edward the third. This Lane stretcheth from the Red 
 Crosse streete, to white crosse street, replenished not with 
 Beech trees, but with beautifull houses of stone, bricke & 
 timber. Amongst the which was of old time a great house, 
 pertayning to the Abbot of Ramsey, for his lodging when he 
 repayred to the Cittie: It is now called Drewry house, of 
 sir Drewc Drewrie, a worshipfuU owner thereof.' 
 
 On the north side of this Beech lane, towardes white Crosse 
 streete, the Drapers of London haue lately builded 8. Almes 
 houses of bricke and timber, for 8. poore widdowes of their 
 own Company, whom they haue placed there rent free, 
 according to the gift of the Lady Askeiv, widdow to sir 
 Christopher Askeiv somtime Draper and Mayor, 1533. 
 
 Then in Golding lane Richard Gallard of Islington Esquier, 
 Cittizen and paynter stayner of London, founded thirteen 
 almes houses for so many poore people placed in them rent 
 free, hee gaue to the poore of the same Almesehouses two 
 pence the peece weekly, and a loade of Charcoale amongst 
 them yearely for euer, hee lefte fayre landes about Islington 
 to maintaine his foundation : Thomas Hayes sometime Cham- 
 berlaine of London, in the latter time of Henrie the eight 
 married Elizabeth his daughter and heyre, which Hayes & 
 Elizabeth had a daughter named Elisabeth married to lokn 
 Ironmonger of London, mercer, who now hath the order of 
 the Almes people. 
 
 On the west side of the Red crosse, is a streete called the 
 Barbican, because sometime there stoode on the North side 
 thereof, a Burgh-Kening or Watch Tower of the Cittie called 
 in some language a Barbican, as a bikening is called a Beacon : 
 this Brugh-kening by the name of the Manner of Base court, 
 was giuen by Edward the third to Robert Vfford earle of 
 Suffolke, and was lately pertayning to Peregrine Bartie Lord 
 Willoiighby \ of Ersby. 
 
 Next adioyning to this, is one other great house, called 
 Garterhouse, sometime builded by Sir Thomas Writhe, or 
 Writhesley knight, alias Garter principall king of Armes, 
 second son of Sir lohn Writhe knight, alias Garter, and was 
 vnckle to the first Thomas Earle of Southampton knight of 
 
Creplesgate warde 303 
 
 the Gartar, and Chancelor of England. He built this house 
 and in the top thereof, a chapell, which he dedicated by the 
 name of S. Triiiitatis in Alto. Thus much for that part of 
 Criplegate Warde without the wall, wherof more shall be 
 spoken in the suburbe of that part. This ward hath an 
 Alderman & his Deputie within the gate. Common Coun- 
 saile eight, Constables nine, Scauengers twelue, For Wardmote 
 Inqueast fifteene and a Beadle. 
 
 Without the gate, it hath also a Deputie, Common Coun- 
 saile two. Constables foure, Scauengers foure. Wardmote In- 
 quest 17. and a Beadle. It is taxed in London to the fifteene, 
 at forty pound. 
 
 Aldersgate warde 
 
 i HE next is Aldersgate Ward, taking name of that north Aldersgate 
 gate of the citie, this ward also consisteth of diuers streetes 
 and lanes, lying aswell within the gate and wall, as without, 
 and first to speak of that part within the gate thus it is. The 
 east part thereof ioyneth vnto the west part of Criplegate 
 warde in Engain lane or Maiden lane. It beginneth on the 
 north side of that lane, at Stayning Lane end, and runneth 
 vppe from the Haberdashers Hall, to S. Mary Staining 
 Church : and by the church east winding almost to Wood- 
 streete : and west through Oatelane, & then by the south side Oate lane. 
 of Bacon house in Noble streete, backe againe by Lilipot Noble 
 lane, which is also of that ward, to Maiden lane, and so on ^"■^^'^• 
 that north side west to S. lohn Sacharies church, and to 
 Faster lane. Now on the south side of Ingaine or Mayden 
 lane is the west side of Guthuruns lane, to Kery lane, and 
 Kery Lane | itself (which is of this ward) and backe again Page }o6 
 into Engainlane, by the north side of the Goldsmithes hall, to 
 Faster lane : and this is the East wing of this ward. Then is 
 Foster lane almost wholy of this Warde, beginneth in the 
 south toward Cheape, on the East side by the north side of 
 S. Fosters church and runneth down North west by the west 
 ende of Engaine lane, by Lilipot lane, and Oate lane, to 
 Noble streete, and through that by Shelly house (of old time Noble 
 so called, as belonging to the Shelleyes) Sir Thomas Shelley, ^''■^^'^' 
 
304 
 
 Aldersgate warde 
 
 Shelleyes 
 house now 
 Bacon's 
 house. 
 
 S. Martins 
 lane. 
 
 Aldersgate 
 streete. 
 
 Goswel 
 streete. 
 
 Briton streete. 
 
 Stayning 
 lane. 
 
 Almeshouses 
 there. 
 
 knight, was owner thereof in the i. of H. the 4. It is now 
 called Bacon house, because the same was new builded by sir 
 Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the great Seale. Down on 
 that side bj' Sergeant Fleetivoods house, Recorder of London, 
 who also new builded it, to S. Olaues Church in Siluer streete 
 which is by the North west end of this Noble streete. 
 
 Then again in Foster lane this ward beginneth on the West 
 side thereof, ouer against the South west corner of S. Fosters 
 church, and runneth downe by S. Leonards church by Pope 
 lane end, and by S. Anns lane end, which lane is also of this 
 ward, north to the stone wall by the wall of the Citty, ouer 
 against Bacon house : which stone wall, and so down north to 
 Criplegate on that side, is of Faringdon ward. 
 
 Then haue yee the maine streete of this warde, which is 
 called S. Martins lane, including Saint Martin on the East 
 side thereof, and so downe on both the sides to Aldersgate. 
 And these be the boundes of this ward within the wall and 
 gate. 
 
 Without the gate, the maine street called Aldersgate streete 
 runneth vp North on the east side, to the west ende of Howndes 
 ditch or Barbican streete : A part of which streete is also of 
 this warde. And on the west side to Long lane, a part 
 whereof is likewise of this ward. Beyond the which Aiders- 
 gate street, is Gosewell streete vp to the Barres. 
 
 And on this west side of Aldersgate streete, by S. But- 
 tolphes church is Briton street, which runneth west to a 
 pumpe, and then north to the gate, which entreth the church- 
 yeard somtime pertaining to the Priory of S. Bartholomew, 
 on the east side : and on the west side towards S. Bar- 
 tholomewes spittle, to a paire of postes there fixed. And these 
 be the boundes of this Aldersgate ward without. ! 
 
 The antiquities be these, first in Stayning lane, of old time 
 so called, as may be supposed, of Painter stainers dwelling 
 there. 
 
 On the east side thereof, adioyning to the Haberdashers 
 Hall, bee ten almes houses, pertaining to the Haberdashers 
 wherin be placed ten Almes people of that company, euery 
 of them hauing eight pence the peece euery Fryday for euer, 
 by the gifte of Thomas Huntlow Haberdasher, one of the 
 
Aldersgate wavde 305 
 
 Shirififes in the yeare, 1539. More, Sir George Baron gaue 
 them ten poundes by the yeare for euer. 
 
 Then is the small parrish Church of S. Mary called Stain- Parish Church 
 ing, because it standeth at the North ende of Stayning lane. sLydng"^"^ 
 In the which church being but newly builded, there remayne(s) 
 no monument worth the noting. 
 
 Then is Engaine lane, or Mayden lane, and at the North- Parish church 
 west corner thereof, the parrish Church of S. lohn Sachary : A Sa^ha^rv'^" 
 fayre church, with the monuments wel preserued, of Thomas 
 Lichfield, who founded a chauntrie there in the 14. of E. the 
 3. of sir Nicholas Twiford, Goldsmith, mayor 1388. and Dame 
 Margery his wife : of whose goods the church was made & 
 new builded, with a Tomb for them, and others of their race, 
 1390. Drugo Barentine, Mayor, 1398. He gaue fayre landes 
 to the Goldsmithes : hee dwelled right against the Goldsmithes 
 Hall. Between the which hall and his dwelling house, hee 
 builded a Galory thwarting the streete, whereby hee might 
 go from the one to the other : he was buried in this church, 
 and Christian his wife, 1427. John Adis Goldsmith 1400. and 
 Margaret his wife. John Francis, Goldsmith, Mayor 1400. 
 And Elizabeth his wife, 1450. /. Sutton, Goldsmith, one of 
 the Shiriffes, 1413. Bartholomew Seman, Gold-beater, Maister 
 of the kinges Mintes, within the Tower of London and the 
 town of Calice, 1430. John Hewet Esquier, 1500. William 
 Breakespere, Goldsmith, 146 1. Christopher Eliot, Goldsmith, 
 1505. Bartholomew Reade, Goldsmith, Mayor 150a, was buried 
 in the Charterhouse, and gaue to this his parrish Church one 
 hundred pound. His wife was buried here with a fayre 
 Monument, her picture in habite of a widdow, Thomas Key- 
 ton, Lorimar, 1523. William Potken Esquier, 1537. lohn 
 Cornish with an Epitaph, 1470. Robert Fenrnther, Goldsmith, 
 one of I the shiriffes in the yeare 151 3. PagejoS 
 
 On the east side of this Faster lane, at Engayne lane ende. The Gold- 
 is the Goldsmithes hall, a proper house, but not large. And ^'"''l^^^ '>'''"■ 
 therefore to say that Bartholomezv Read, Goldsmith, Mayor 
 in the yeare 1503. kept such a feast in this hall as some haue R.Grafton. 
 fabuled, is far incredible, & altogether vnpossible, considering 
 the smalnes of the hal & number of the guests, which as they 
 say, were more then an hundreth persons of great estate. 
 
 STOW. 1 ■'^ 
 
3o6 Aldersgate warde 
 
 For the messes and dishes of meates to them serued, the 
 paled Parke in the same hall, furnished with frutefuU trees, 
 beastes of venery, and other circumstances of that pretended 
 feast well weighed, Westminster hall would hardly haue 
 suffised, and therefore I will ouerpasse it, and note somewhat 
 of principall Goldsmithes. 
 
 First I read, that Leefstane, Goldsmith, was Prouost of this 
 Cittie, in the raigne of Henry the i. Also that Henry Fitz 
 The first Alewin Fitz Leafstane, Goldsmith, was Mayor of London in 
 Lo'Sd°on°tas the I. of Richard the first, & continued Mayor 24. years, 
 a Goldsmith. Also that Gregory Rocksly chiefe say-maister of all the Kings 
 oftheCitty Mints within England, (and therefore by my coniecture) a 
 Goldsmithes. Qoldsmith, was Maior in the 3 of Edward the first, and con- 
 tinued Maior 7. years together. Then William Faringdon, 
 Goldsmith, Alderman of Faringdon ward, one of the shiriffes, 
 1381. the 9. of E. the i. who was a Goldsmith as appeareth 
 in record, & shall be shewed in Faringdon warde. Then 
 Nicholas Faringdon his son. Goldsmith, Alderman of Faring- 
 don Warde, foure times Mayor in the raign of Edward the 
 second, &c. For the rest of latter time are more manifestlie 
 knowne, and therefore I leaue them. The men of this mistery 
 were incorporated or confirmed in the sixeteenth of Richard 
 the second. 
 Parrish church Then at the North end of Noble streete, is the parrish 
 Siluer streete" church of S. Olaue in Siluer streete, a small thing, and without 
 
 any noteworthy monuments. 
 Parrish church On the west side of Fauster lane, is the smal parrish Church 
 in Fasterlane! of S. Leonardes, for them of S. Martins le graund. A number 
 of Tenements beeing lately builded in place of the great 
 Collegiate Church of S. Martin, that parish is mightily in- 
 creased. In this Church remayne these Monumentes. First 
 Pagejot) without the Church is | grauen in stone on the east ende, 
 John BrokeiizvelL an especiall reedifier or new builder therof 
 In the Quire, grauen in brasse, Robert Purfet, Grocer, 1507. 
 Robert Trappis, Goldsmith, 1536. with this Epitaph. 
 
 When the bels be merily roong, 
 And the masse deuontly sung, 
 And the meat merily eaten, 
 
Aldersgate warde 307 
 
 Then shall Robert Traps^ his wines 
 And children be forgotten. 
 
 Then in Pope lane, so called of one Fope that was owner Popeiane, 
 thereof, on the north side is the parrish church of saint Anne of^'^Anne^n 
 in the willowes, so called I know not vpon what occasion : but the wiliowes. 
 some say, of willowes growing thereabouts : but now there is 
 no such voyde place for willowes to grow, more then the 
 Churchyeard, wherin do grow some high Ashe trees. 
 
 This church by casualty of fire, in the yeare 1548. was 
 burnt, so far as it was combustible, but since being newly 
 repayred, there remain a few monuments of antiquity, of 
 Thomas Beckhenton ^, Clarke of the pipe, who was buried there, 
 1499. Raph Caldivell, Gentleman of Greyes Inne, 1537. 
 lohn Lord Sheffelde, lohn Hereuden, Mercer, Esquire, 1573. 
 these verses on an old stone. 
 
 Qs 
 
 U aiiTri$ ^e p a?iil iim 
 
 0$ guis ti to pm here hit 
 k fan Clirif unuT imi la' 
 
 William Gregory Skinner, Mayor of London in the year 145I) 
 was there buried, and founded a chauntrie, but no monument 
 of him remayneth. 
 
 Then in S. Martins lane was of old time a fayre & large Colledge 01 
 colledge of a deane and secular canons or priests, and was g;aund,'" ^ 
 called S. Martins le graund, founded by Ingelricns and claimed priui- 
 
 r r^^ • i: O ledge of 
 
 Edwardus his brother in the yeare of Christ 1056. & con- sanctuary. 
 firmed by W. the Conqueror, as appeareth by his charter dated Lib.S. Martin. 
 1068. This colledge claymed great priuiledges of sanctuary 
 and otherwise, as appeareth in a booke, written by a notary 
 of that house about the yeare 1440. the 19 of H. the 6. 
 wherin amongst other things is set down & declared, that | on Pagepo 
 the I. of September in the yeare aforesaid, a souldier prisoner 
 
 ^ Traps] Harl. 538 ; Trips 1603 
 
 2 Beckhenton] 1603 ; Lekhimpton 1633 
 
 X 3 
 
3o8 
 
 Aldersgate warde 
 
 Argument 
 against priui- 
 ledge 
 
 chalenged by 
 the Deane 
 of saint 
 Martins. 
 
 Page 311 
 
 in Newgate, as he was led by an officer towards the Guild 
 hall of London, there came out of Panyer Alley 5. of his fellow- 
 ship, & took him from the Officer, brought him into sanctuary 
 at the west dore of S. Martins church, and tooke grithe of 
 that place, but the same day Philip Malpas and Rob. Marshall 
 then shiriffes of London, with many other entered the said 
 Church, and forcibly tooke out with them the said 5. men, 
 thether fled : ledde them fettered to the Compter, and from 
 thence chained by the neckes to Newgate, of which violent 
 taking the Deane and Chapter in large manner complayned 
 to the king, and required him as their patron to defend their 
 priuiledges, like as his predecessors had done, &c. All which 
 complaint and sute the Cittizens by their counsell, Markam 
 sergeant at the law, lohn Carpentar late common Clearke of 
 the Citty, and other, learnedly aunswered, offering to proue that 
 the said place of saint Martin had no such immunity or 
 Liberty, as was pretended : namely Carpenter offered to loose 
 his liuelode, if that Church had more immunitie then the least 
 church in London : notwithstanding, after long debating of 
 this controuersie, by the kinges commaundement, and assent 
 of his Councell in the stered Chamber, the Chauncelor and 
 Treasurer sent a writ vnto the shiriffes of London, charging 
 them to bring the saide fiue persons, with the cause of their 
 taking, and withholding, afore the king in his Chauncerie, on 
 the Vigill of All-hallowes. On which daye the saide shiriffes 
 with the Recorder and Counsell of the Cittie, brought and 
 deliuered them accordingly, afore the saide Lordes, whereas the 
 Chauncelor,afterheehad declared the Kinges commaundement, 
 sent them to saint Martins, there to abide freely, as in a place 
 hauing franchises, whiles them liked, &c. 
 
 Thus much out of that Booke haue I noted, concerning the 
 priuiledge of that place challenged in these dales, since the which 
 time, to wit in the yeare 1457, the 36. of the said Henry the 6, 
 an ordinance was made by the king and his counsel, concerning 
 the said sanctuary men in saint Martins le graund, whereof the 
 Articles are set down in the booke of K within the Chamber 
 of the Guild hall, in the leafe 399.I 
 
 This Colledge was surrendered to king Edward the sixt, the 
 %. of his raigne, in the yeare of Christ, 1548. and the same 
 
Atdersgate wavde 309 
 
 yeare the Colledge church being pulled downe, in the east part 
 thereof a large Wine tauerne was builded, and withall downe 
 to the west and throughout the whole precinct of that Colledge 
 many other houses were builded, and highly prised, letten to 
 straungers borne, and other such, as there claymed benefite 
 of priuiledges, graunted to the Canons, seruing God day and 
 night (for so be the wordes in the Charter of W. Conqueror) 
 which may hardly be wrested to artificers, buyers and sellars, 
 otherwise then is mentioned in the 21. of saint Mathewes'iAsx\i<fv2i. 
 Gospel. 
 
 Lower down on the west side of S. Martins lane, in the 
 parish of S. Anne almost by Aldersgate, is one great house, 
 commonlie called Northumberland house : it belonged to 
 H. Percy. K. H. the 4. in the 7. of his raign, gaue this house 
 with the tenements therevnto appertayning to Queene lane 
 his wife, and then it was called her Wardrope, it is now 
 a Printing house. 
 
 Without Aldersgate, on the east side of Aldersgate street, 
 is the Cookes hall : which Cooks (or Pastelars) were admitted Cookes Hall. 
 to be a Company, and to haue a Maister & Wardens in the 
 23. of E. the 4. From thence along vnto Hounsditch or 
 Barbican streete, bee many faire houses. On the west side 
 also be the like faire buildings till ye come to Long lane, 
 and so to Goswel streete. 
 
 In Briten street, which tooke that name of the Dukes of Briton streete. 
 Briton lodging there, is one proper parish church of S. Buttolph, of^g'suttolpb. 
 in which church was sometime a Brotherhood of S. Fabian 
 & Sebastian, founded in the yeare 1377, the 51. oi E. the 3. 
 and confirmed by H. the 4. in the 6. of his raign. Then 
 H. the 6. in the 24. of his raign, to the honour of the Trinitie, 
 gaue licence to Dame loan Astley, somtime his Nurse, to 
 R. Cawod and T. Smith to founde the same a fraternity, 
 perpetually to haue a M. and 2. Custos with brethren & 
 sisters, &c. This brotherhood was indowed with landes, more 
 then 30. pound by the yeare, and was suppressed by E. the 6. 
 There lie buried, lohn de Bath, Weuar, 1390. Philip at Vine, 
 Capper, 1396. Benet Gerard, Brewer, 1403. Thomas Bilsington 
 founded a Chauntrie there, and gaue to that Church a house, 
 called the Helmet vpon Cornhill. lohnBradmore Chirurgion,| 
 
3IO Alder sgate warde 
 
 Pageji2 Margaret %i Katheren his wiues, 1411. lohn Michaell smsnt 
 at Armes, 1415. Allen Bret, Carpenter, 1425. Robert Malton 
 1426. lohn Trigilion, Brewer, 141 7. /o/2«iJ/«j£i«, Brewer, 1431. 
 Rob. Cawod, Clarke of the Pipe in the kings Exchequer, 1466. 
 Ri. Emmessey, lohn Walpole, I. Hartshorne Esquier, seruant 
 to the king, 1400. And other of that family great benefactors 
 to that church. W. Marrow, Grocer, Mayor <I455-) &; 
 Katlieren his wife, were buried there, about 1468. The Lady 
 Anne Packinton widow, late wife to lo. Packinton knight, 
 Chirographer of the court of the common pleas : shee founded 
 Almes houses neare vnto the white Fryers church in Fleet- 
 street, the Clothworkers in London haue ouersight thereof. 
 And thus an end of this ward, which hath an Alderman, 
 his Deputie, common Counsellers fiue, Constables eight, 
 Scauengers nine, for the Wardmote inquest 14. and a Beedle. 
 It is taxed to the fifteen in London, seuen pound, and in the 
 Exchequer, 6. 1. 19. s. 
 
 Faringdon 
 ward within. 
 
 Faringdon 
 extra, and 
 Faringdon 
 infra, all one 
 ward, and 
 then diuided 
 into twain, by 
 parliament. 
 Faringdon 
 ward took 
 that name of 
 W. Farindon. 
 
 rage 313 
 
 Faringdon Ward 
 
 Infra or within 
 
 On the south side of Aldersgate warde lyeth Faringdon 
 ward, called infra or within, for a difference from an other 
 ward of that name, which lyeth without the wals of the citie, 
 and is therfore called Farindon extra. These two wardes 
 of old time were but one, and had also but one Alderman, 
 til the 17. of Richard the 2, at which time the said ward for 
 the greatnes therof, was diuided into twain, & by Parlia- 
 ment ordered to haue 2. Aldermen, & so it continueth til 
 this day. The whole great ward of Farindon, both infra and 
 extra, tooke name of W. Farendon, Goldsmith, Alderman of 
 that ward, and one of the shiriffes of London : in the yeare 
 1 28 1, the 9. of Ed. the first, he purchased the Aldermanry of 
 this ward, as by the abstract of deedes which I haue read 
 thereof may appeare. 
 
 Thomas de Arde{r)ne, sonne and heyre to Sir Ralph Arderne 
 knight, granted to Ralph le Feure Cittizen of London, one of 
 the I shiriffes in the yeare 1277. all the Aldermanry with the 
 
Faringdon U^ard within 311 
 
 appurtenances within the Cittie of London, and the suburbs Sir Raph 
 of the same between Ludgate and Newgate, and also without ^nfh™ Alder- 
 the same gates : which Aldermanry, Anketimis de Auerne man of that 
 held during his life,by the graunt of the said Thomas deArderna, ZlxtlYLm- 
 to haue and to hold to the said Ralph and to his heyres, freely d™, in the 
 without all chalenge, yeelding therefore yearly to the said the^thM. ' 
 Thomas and his heyres, one cloue or slip of Gilliflowers, at ^uern'""^ ^^ 
 the feast of Easter, for all secular seruice and customes, with Alderman. 
 warranty vnto the said Ralph le Feure, and his heyres, against Feure, Alder- 
 all people Christians and Jewes, in consideration of twenty ™3"- 
 marks, which the said Ralph le Feiire did giue before hand, 
 in name of a Gersum or fine, to the said Thomas, &c. dated 
 the fift of Edward the first, witnes G. de Rokesley maior, 
 R. Arras one of the shiriiifes, H. Wales, P. le Taylor, T. de 
 Basing, I. Home, N. Blackthorn, Aldermen of London. After 
 this lohn le Feure, son and heire to the saide Raph le Feure, lohn le Feure, 
 granted to William Farendon, Cittizen and Goldsmith of^\'^F™^g. 
 London, & to his heires the said Aldermanry, with the don,Alderman 
 appurtenances for the seruice thervnto belonging, in the the shiriffes 
 seuenth of Edward the first, in the yeare of Christ, 1279. °f London. 
 This Aldermanry descended to Nicholas Farendon son to the Nicholas 
 said William and to his heyres, which Nicholas Farendon, also a Aiderman'& 
 Goldsmith, was foure times Mayor, & liued many yeares after: mayor. 
 for I haue read diuers deedes wherevnto he was a witnes dated 
 the yeare 1360. He made his Testament, 1361. which was Nicholas 
 ^•i,. yeares after his first being Mayor, and was buried in liued^s^'years 
 S. Peters church in Cheape. So this ward continued vnder after he had 
 the gouernment of William Faringdon the father, and Nicholas Mayor. 
 his son, by the space of 82. yeares, and retaineth their name 
 vntil this present day. 
 
 This ward of Faringdon within the walles, is bounded thus : 
 Beginning in the East, at the great Crosse in west Cheape, 
 from whence it runneth West. On the north side from the 
 parish church of S. Peter, which is at the Southwest corner 
 of Wood street, vnto Guthuruns lane, and down that lane, to 
 Hugon lane on the East side, and to Kery lane on the west. 
 
 Then again into Cheape, and to Foster lane, and down that 
 Lane on the east side, to the north side of saint Fausters 
 church, I and on the West, till ouer against the Southwest corner Page 314 
 
312 Favingdon Ward within 
 
 of the saide Church, from whence downe Fauster lane, and 
 Noble street, is all of Aldersgate streete ward, till yee come 
 to the stone wall, in the West side of Noble streete, as is afore 
 shewed. Which sayde Wall downe to Neuils Inne, or Windsor 
 house, and downe Monkes well streete, on that west side, then 
 by London wall to Criplegate, and the west side of that same 
 gate, is all of Faringdon Ward. 
 
 Then backe againe into Cheape, and from Fauster Lane 
 end, to S. Martins lane end, and from thence through saint 
 Nicholas shambles, by Penticost Lane, and Butchers alley, and 
 by stinking lane through Newgate market to Newgate. All 
 which is the North side of Faringdon warde. 
 
 On the south from against the saide great Crosse in Cheape 
 West to Fridayes streete, and downe that streete on the East 
 side, till ouer against the North East corner of saint Mathewes 
 Church : and on the west side, till the south comer of the 
 saide Church. 
 
 Then againe along Cheape to the old Exchange, and downe 
 that lane (on the East side) to the parrish church of Saint 
 Augustine, which church and one house next adioyning in 
 Watheling streete bee of this warde, and on the west side of 
 this lane, to the east arch or gate by saint Augustines church, 
 which entereth the south churchyeard of saint Paules, which 
 arch or gate was build ed by Nicholas Faringdon about the 
 yere 1361. & within that gate on the said north side, to the 
 gate that entereth the North churchyeard, and all the North 
 Churchyearde, is of this Faringdon Warde. 
 
 Then againe into Cheape, and from the North end of the 
 olde Exchaunge, West by the North gate of Powles church- 
 yearde, vp Pater Noster Row, by the two lanes out of Powles 
 church, and to a signe of the Goldyng Lyon, which is some 
 twelue houses short of Aue Mary lane : the west side of which 
 Lane is of this Warde. 
 
 Then at the south end of Aue Mary lane, is Creede Lane, 
 the west side whereof is also of this ward. 
 
 Now betwixt the south ende of Aue Mary Lane, and the | 
 ^e ^is north end of Creede lane, is the comming out of Paules church- 
 yard on the East, and the high streete called Bowier row to 
 Ludgate, on the west, which way to Ludgate is of this ward. 
 
Faringdon Ward within 313 
 
 On the North side whereof is saint Martins Church. And on 
 the South side a turning into the Blacke Friers. 
 
 Now to turne vp againe to the North ende of Aue Mary 
 lane, there is a short lane which runneth West some small 
 distaunce, and is there closed vp with a gate into a great 
 house : and this is called Amen lane. Amen lane. 
 
 Then on the north side of Pater nosier Row, beginning at 
 the Conduit ouer against the olde Exchaunge Lane ende, and 
 going west by saint Michaels Church. At the west end of 
 which Church is a small passage through towardes the North. 
 And beyond this Church some small distance, is another 
 passage, which is called Paniar Alley, and commeth out Panier Alky. 
 against Saint Martins lane ende. 
 
 Then further west in Pater Noster Row, is luie lane, which luie lane. 
 runneth North to the West end of Saint Nicholas Shambles. 
 And then west Pater nosier Rowe, till ouer against the golden 
 Lion, where the ward endeth for that streete. 
 
 Then about some dozen houses (which is of Bainards Castell 
 Warde) to Warwicke lane end : which Warwicke Lane stretch- 
 eth north to the high street of Newgate Market. And the 
 west side of Warwicke lane is of this Faringdon ward. For 
 the East side of Warwicke lane, of Aue Marie lane, and of 
 Creede lane, with the West end of Pater Noster Row, are all 
 of Baynardes Castell warde. 
 
 Yet to begin againe at the saide Conduit by the old 
 Exchange, on the North side thereof is a large street that 
 runneth vp to Newgate, as is aforesaid. The first part or 
 south side whereof, from the Conduit to the Shambles, is 
 called Bladder street. Then on the backeside of the shambles Bladder street. 
 be diuers slaughter houses and such like, pertaining to the 
 shambles, & this is called Mount Godard street. Then is Mountgodard 
 the Shambles it selfe. And then Newgate Market. And so ^''^^'^• 
 the whole street on both sides vp to Newgate, is of this warde, 
 and thus it is wholly bounded. 
 
 Monuments in this warde be these. First the great Crosse 
 in I West Cheape streete, but in the warde of Faringdon, the Page 316 
 which Crosse was first erected in that place by Edward the 
 first, as before is shewed in west Cheape streate. 
 
 At the Southwest corner of Woodstreet, is the parish church 
 
314 Faringdon Ward within 
 
 Parish church of S. Peter the Apostle, by the said Crosse, a proper Church 
 Chepe.*^"^'" lately new builded. lohn Sha, Goldsmith, Maior, deceased 
 1503. appointed by his Testament, the said church and steeple 
 to be newly builded of his goods, with a flat roofe. Notwith- 
 standing Tho. Wood, Goldsmith, one of the Shirififes, 1491. is 
 accounted principall benefactor : because the roofe of the 
 midle He is supported by Images of Woodmen. I find to 
 haue beene buried in this Church, Nicholas Farendon, Maior, 
 Richard Hadley, Grocer, 159a. lohn Palmer, fishmonger, 1500. 
 William Rtis, Goldsmith, Shirifife 1429. T. Atkins, Esquire, 
 T400. lohn Butler, Shirifife, 1420. Henrie Warley, Alderman, 
 1524. Sir lohn Monday, Goldsmith, Maior, deceased 1537. 
 Augustine Hinde Clothworker, one of the Shirififes in theyeare 
 1550 (whose monument doth yet remaine, the others be gone) 
 sir Alexander Auenon, Maior, 1570. 
 Long shop or The long shoppe or shed incroching on the high street 
 CiSse'm'^^ before this Church wall, was licenced to be made in the yeare 
 Cheape. 1401, yeelding to the Chamber of London 30. shillings foure 
 
 pence yea rely for the time, but since i^, shillings foure pence. 
 Also the same shop was letten by the Parish for three pound 
 at the most many yeres since. 
 Guthurons Then is Guthuruns lane, so called of Guthnnin somtime 
 
 owner thereof : the inhabitants of this lane of old time were 
 Goldbeaters, as doth appeare by records in the Exchequer. 
 For the Easterling money was appoynted to be made of fine 
 siluer, such as men made into foyle, and was commonly called 
 Imbrotherers siluer of Guthnruns lane, &c. The Imbroderers hall is in this 
 lane. John Throwstone Embroderer, then Goldsmith, shirifife, 
 deceased 1519. gaue 40. pound towards the purchase of this 
 Hugon lane. hall. Hugon lane on the East side, and Kery lane (called of 
 
 one Kery) on the West. 
 Sadlers hall. Then in the high streete on the same north side is the 
 Parish church Sadlers hall. And then Fauster lane (so called of Saint 
 ofS. Fauster. Fausters, a fayre Church, lately new builded). Henrie Coote, 
 Goldsmith, one of the Shiriffes, deceased 1509. builded saint 
 Pagejij Dunstons chappell there, | lohn Throwstone one of the shirififes, 
 gaue to the building thereof one hundred pound by his Testa- 
 ment, lohn Broivne Sergeant Painter, Alderman, deceased 
 1532. was a great benefactor, and was there buried. William 
 
Faringdoii IVard within 315 
 
 Trist, Selerar to the king, 1425. lohn Standelfe Goldsmiths^ 
 lie buried there. Richard Galder, 1544. Agnes wife to William 
 Milborne Chamberlane of London, 1500. &c. 
 
 Then downe Fauster lane, and Noble streete both of 
 Ealdersgate street ward, till ye come to the stone wall which 
 incloseth a Garden plot before the wal of the City, on the west 
 side of Noble streete, and is of this Faringdon ward. This 
 Garden plot contayning 95. Elles in length, 9. Elles and ahalfe 
 in bredth, was hy Adam de Burie, Maior, the Aldermen, and Barons of Lon- 
 Citizens of London letten to lohn de Neiiell, Lord of Raby, 1°^{^J^^" 
 Radidph and Thomas his sonnes for 60. yeares, paying 6. s. 8. d. 
 the yeare : Dated the 48. of Edward the third, hauing in a 
 scale pendant, on the one side, the figure of a walled Cittie, 
 and of S. Paul, a sword in his right hand, and in the left 
 a banner, 3. Leopards, about that Scale, on the same side Seale. 
 written, Sigilhim Baromim Londoniarum. On the other side 
 the like figure of a Citie, a Bishop sitting on an Arch, the 
 inscription, Me : que -. te : peperi : ne : Cesses : Thoma : tueri : 
 Thus much for the Barons of London, their common seale at 
 that time. At the north end of this garden plot, is one great 
 house builded of stone and timber, now called the Lord 
 Windsors house, of old time belonging to the Neuels, as in 
 the 19. of Richard the 2. it was found by inquisition of a lurie, 
 that Elisabeth Neuel died, seased of a great Messuage in the 
 Parish of saint Olaue in Monks well street in London, holden Monkeswell 
 of the king in free burgage, which she held of the gift of lohn ^''■'=^'=- 
 Netiell of Raby, her husband, and that lohn Latimer was next 
 Sonne and heyre to the said Elisabeth. In this west side is 
 the Barbars Chirurgions hall. This companie was incorporated Barbar Chi- 
 by meanes of Thomas Morestede Esquire, one of the shiriffes ™''g'^"s l^^"- 
 of London, 1436. Chirurgion to the Kinges oi England, Henrie 
 the 4. 5. and 6. He deceased 1450. Then /agues Fries 
 Phisition to Edward the 4. and William 'Hobbs Phisition and 
 Chirurgion for the same kings bodie, continuing the sute the 
 full time of 30 yeares. Ed. the 4. in the 2. of his raigne, and 
 Ri\chard duke of Glocester became founders of the szxaz Page 31S 
 corporation in the name ^ of S. Cosme and Damiane. The 
 
 ^ name] 1633 ; parish 1603 
 
3i6 Faringdon TVavd within 
 
 first Assemb(ly) of that craft, was Roger Strippe, W. Hobbs, 
 T. Goddard, & Richm'd Kent, since the which time they 
 builded their hall in that street, &c. 
 
 At the north corner of this streete, on the same side, was 
 Hermitage of some time an Hermitage, or Chappell of saint lames, called 
 Warr"'°*^ in the wal, neare Crepplegate: it belonged to the Abbey and 
 Couent of Garadon, as appeareth by a Recorde, the 27. of 
 Edward the first : And also the 16. of Edivard the third, 
 William de Lions was Hermet there, and the Abbot and 
 Couen(t) of Geredon found two Chaplaines, Cestercian Monks 
 of their house : in this Hermitage one of them, for Aymor de 
 Valence Earle of Pembrooke, and Mary de Saint Paule, his 
 Countesse. 
 
 Of these Monkes, and of a Well pertaining to them, the 
 street tooke that name, and is called Monks-well streete. 
 This Hermitage with the appurtenances, was in the raign of 
 Edward the sixt purchased from the said king, by William 
 Lambe one' of the Gentlemen of the kinges Chappell, Citizen 
 and clothworker of London : he deceased in the yeare 1577. 
 and then gaue it to the Cloathworkers of London^ with other 
 tenements, to the value of fiftie pound the yeare, to the intent 
 they shall hire a Minister to say diuine seruice there, &c. 
 
 Againe to the high streete of Cheape, from Fauster lane 
 
 ende to S. Martins, and by that lane to the shambles or flesh 
 
 Pentecost lane, market, on the North side whereof is Penticost lane, containing 
 
 diuerse slaughter houses for the Butchers. 
 Parish church Then was there of old time a proper parish church of saint 
 Nicholas, wherof the said flesh market tooke the name, & 
 was called S. Nicholas shambles. This Church with the tene- 
 ments and ornaments, was by Henrie the eight giuen to the 
 Maior and communaltie of the Citie, towards the maintenance 
 of the new parish Church, then to be erected in the late dissolued 
 church of the Gray Friers : so was this church dissolued and 
 pulled downe. In place wherof, & of the churchyard^ many 
 fayre houses are now builded in a Court with a Wei, in the 
 Sti ki I middest whereof the church stoode. 
 
 or Chick lane. Then is stinking lane, so called, or Chicke lane at the East 
 Church"^"^^ end of the Gray Friers church, and there is the Butchers hall. | 
 Page}i<) In the third of Richard the second, motion was made that 
 
Faringdon Ward wit km 317 
 
 no Butcher should kil no flesh within London, but at Knights- 
 bridge, or such like distance of place from the wals of the citie. 
 
 Then the late dissolued Church of the Gray Friers : the 
 originall whereof was this. 
 
 The first of this order of Friers in England, nine in number, 
 arriued at Douer : fiue of them remained at Canterburie, the 
 other 4. came to London, were lodged at the preaching Friers 
 in Oldborne, for the space of 15 dayes, and then they hyred 
 an house in Cornhill of lokn Trauars, one of the shiriffes of 
 London. They builded there litle eels wherein they inhabited, 
 but shortly after the deuotion of citizens towardes them, and 
 the number of the Fryers so increased, that they were by the 
 Citizens remoued to a place in S. Nicholas shambles : which 
 lohn Ewin Mercer appropriated vnto the Comminaltie, to the 
 vse of the said Friers, and himselfe became a lay brother 
 amongst them : about the yeare 1335. William loyner 
 builded their Quire, Henry Walles the body of the church, 
 Walter Potter Alderman the Chapter house, Gregorie Rokesley 
 their Dorter, Bartholomew of the Castle made the refectorie, 
 Peter de Heliland made the infirmitorie, Beuis Bond king of 
 Heraulds made the studie, &c. 
 
 Margaret Queene, second wife to Edward the first, began New church 
 the quire of their new church, in the yere 1306. to the building '^^^^^^'"'^ 
 whereof, in her life time she gaue 3,000. markes, and 100. 
 marks by her testament. lohn Britaine, Earle of Richmond, 
 builded the bodie of the church to the charges of three hundred 
 pound, and gaue many rich lewels and Ornaments to be vsed 
 in the same. Marie Countesse of Pembroke, seuentie pound. 
 Gilbert de Clare, Earle of Glocester, bestowed 30. great beams 
 out of his forrest of Tunbridge, and 20. pound starlings, Lady 
 Helianor le Spencer, Lady Elizabeth de Burgh, sister to Gilbert 
 de Clare, gaue sums of money, and so did diuers Citizens, as 
 Arnald de Tolinea, 100. pounde, Robert Baron Lisle, who 
 became a fryer there, 300. pound, Bartholomezv de Almaine 
 fiftie pound. Also Philippe Queene, wife to Edward the 
 third, gave 6a. pound, Isabell Queene, mother to Edwarde the 
 thirde, gaue threescore and ten pound. And so the worke 
 was done within the space of ai. | yeares, 1337. This Church Page 320 
 thus furnished with windowes made at the charges of diuerse 
 
3i8 
 
 Faringdon Ward within 
 
 Library of the 
 Gray Friers. 
 
 Length and 
 bredth of 
 Gray Friers 
 Church. 
 
 Gray Friers 
 Church made 
 a parrish 
 Church. 
 
 Page 321 
 
 persons, the Ladie Margaret Segratie, Countesse of Norffolke 
 bare the charges of making the stalles in the Quire, to the 
 value of three hundred and fiftie markes, about the yeare 1380. 
 Richard Whittingion in the yeare 1429. founded the Librarie, 
 which was in length_ one hundred twentie nine foote, and in 
 breadth thirtie one : all seeled with Wainscot, hauing twentie 
 eight desks, and eight double setles of Wainscot. Which in the 
 next yeare following was altogither finished in building, and 
 within three yeares after, furnished with Bookes, to the charges 
 of fiue hundred fiftie sixe pound, ten shillings, whereof Richard 
 Whittington bare foure hundred pound, the rest was borne by 
 Doctor Thomas Winchelsey, a Frier there : and for the writing 
 out of D. Nicholas de Lira his works in two volumes, to be 
 chained there, one hundred markes, &c. The seeling of the 
 Quire at diuers mens charges, two hundred marks, and the 
 painting at fiftie markes : their Conduit head and water course 
 giuen them by William Tailer, Tayler to Henrie the third, &c. 
 
 This whole church containeth in length three hundred foote, 
 of the feete of S. Paule : in breadth, eightie nine foot, and 
 in height from the ground to the roofe, 64. foote, and two 
 inches, &c. It was consecrated 1325. and at the generall 
 suppression, was valued at thirtie two pound, ninteene shillings, 
 surrendred the twelfth of Nouember, 1538. the 30. of Henrie 
 the eight, the ornaments and goods being taken to the kings 
 vse : the church was shut vp for a time, and vsed as a Store 
 house of goods, taken prises from the French : but in the 
 yeare 1546. on the third of Januarie, was againe set open. 
 On the which day preached at Pauls crosse the Bishop of 
 Rochester, where he declared the kings gift thereof to the 
 citie, for the releeuing of the poore. 
 
 Which gift was by Pattents ^ (of) S. Bartholomew es Spittle in 
 Smithfield, lately valued at three hundred fiue pound sixe 
 shillings seuen pence, and surrendred to the king: of the 
 sayd church of the Gray Friers, and of two parish churches, 
 the one of Saint Nicholas in the Shambles, and the other of 
 S. Ewines in Newgate market, which were to be made one 
 Parrish church in the sayd | Fryers church, & in lands he 
 
 Patterns] 1603 ; Pattents. /6y_j 
 
Faringdon Ward within 319 
 
 gaue for maintenance for the said church, with diuine seruice, 
 
 reparations, &c. 500. markes by yere for euer. 
 
 The thirteenth of January, the 38. of Henry the eight, an TheMaior& 
 
 agreement was made betwixt the King and the Mayor and London'''' °^ 
 
 communalty of London: dated the 37. of December: byParsonsof 
 
 which the said gift of the gray Fryers church, with al the the'vicar t^be 
 
 Edifices & ground, the Fratrie, the Library, the Dortar, & ^'^ .''i"'' ^v- 
 „, 1 , ^, , , , pointment. 
 
 Chapter-house, the great Cloystry and the lesser : tenements, 
 
 gardens, and vacant grounds. Lead, Stone, Iron, &c., the 
 
 Hospitall of S. Bartholomew in west smithfield, the church of 
 
 the same, the lead, belles, & ornaments of the same Hospital, 
 
 with al the Messuages, tenements, & appurtenances, the 
 
 parishes of S. Nicholas, and of S. Ewin, and so much of S. 
 
 Pulchers parish as is within Newgate, were made one Parish 
 
 church in the Gray Fryers church, and called Christes church 
 
 founded by Hetiry the 8. 
 
 The Vickar of Christs church was to haue 36. pound, 13. s. 
 
 4. d. the yeare. The Vicar of S. Bartholomew 13. pound 6. s. 
 8. d. The Visiter of Newgate (being a Priest) ten pound. 
 And other 5. Priests in Christs church, all to be helping in 
 diuine seruice, ministring the Sacraments, and Sacramentals, the 
 
 5. Priests to haue 8 pound the peece. Two Clarkes, 6. pound 
 each. A Sexton 4. pound. Moreouer, he gaue them the 
 Hospitall of Bethelem : with the lauer of Brasse in the cloyster, 
 by esteemation 1 8. foote in length, and two foote and a halfe 
 in depth, and the water course of lead to the sayd Fryer house 
 belonging, contayning by esteemation in length 18. Acres. 
 
 In the yeare 1553. began the reparing of the Gray Fryers Christs Hospi- 
 house, for the poore fatherlesse children. And in the month of ^ 
 Nouember, the children were taken into the same to the num- 
 ber of almost foure hundreth. On Christmas day in the 
 afternoone, while the Lord Mayor and Aldermen rode to 
 Powles, and children of Christs Hospitall stood, from saint 
 Lawrence lane end in Cheape, towards Powles, all in one liuery 
 of russet cotten, 340. in number. And at Easter next, they 
 were in blew at the spittle, and so haue continued euer since. 
 
 The defaced Monuments in this church were these. First Monuments 
 in the Quire, of the Lady Margaret, daughter to Phillip King church.''^ 
 of I France, and wife to Edward the first, foundresse of this new Page 322 
 
320 Faringdon IVard within 
 
 Fome Queens church, 1317. Of /j«fe/ Queene, wife to jS'a^w^r^ the second, 
 church. daughter to Phillip King of France, 1358. lohan of the Tower, 
 
 Queene of Scots, wife to Dauid Bnise, daughter to Edward 
 the second, dyed in Hartford Castle, and was buried by Isabel 
 her mother, 1363. William Fitzwareti, Baron, and Isabel his 
 wife, sometime queene of Man. Isabel daughter to Edward 
 the third, wedded to the Lord Coticy ^ of France, after created 
 Earle of Bedford. Elianor wife to John Duke of Britaine. 
 Beatrix Dutchesse of Britaine, daughter to Henry the third. 
 Sir Robert Lisle Baron, the Lady Lisle, and Margaret de 
 Riiiers, Countesse of Deuon, all vnder one stone. Roger 
 Mortimer Earle of March, beheaded 1329. Patar Bishop of 
 Carbon in Hungary, 1331. Gregory Rocksley Mayor, 1383. 
 Sir lohn Deueriix knight. 1385. lohn Hastings, Earle of 
 Pembrooke, 1389. Margaret daughter to Thomas Brotharton, 
 Earle Marshall, she was Dutchesse of Norfolke, and Countesse 
 Marshall and \^2^Ay Segratte, 1389. Richard Hattering\a\\^t, 
 1388. Robert Trisilian knight, (Chief) Justice, 1388. Geffrey 
 Lticy, Sonne to Geffrey L zicy. lohn A ubry, sonne to lohn Mayor 
 of Norwich, 1358. lolin Philpot knight, Mayor of London, and 
 the Lady lane Samford his wife, 1384. lohn Duke of Burbon 
 and Angue, Earle of Claremond, Mounpouncier, and Baron 
 Beaugeu, who was taken prisoner at Agencourt, kept prisoner 
 18 yeares, & deceased 1433. Robert Chalons knight, 1439. 
 lohn Chalons. Margaret daughter to sir lohn Philpot, first 
 maried to T. Santlor Esquire, and after to lohn Neyband 
 Esquier. Sir Nicholas Brembar Mayor of London, buried 
 1386. Elizabeth Neuel wife to Ioh7t, sonne and heyre to Raph 
 Earle of Westmerland, and mother to Raph Earle of Westmer- 
 land, and daughter to Thomas Holland Earle of Kent, 1423. 
 Edivard Bnrnell sonne to the Lord Burnel. In Alhallowes 
 chappell. lames Fines Lord Say. 1450. and Helenor his wife 
 1453. lohn Smith Bishop of Landafe, 1478. lohn Baron 
 Hilton : lohn Baron Clinton. Richard Hastings knight, Lord 
 of Willowby and Welles, Thomas Burdet Esquier beheaded, 
 1477. Robert Lile sonne and heyre to the Lord Lisle. In 
 Page 32} our Lady chappel, lohn Gisors of London knight. | Humfrey 
 
 Coucy] Convey Thorns ; Couse 13^8, 1603 
 
Faringdon IVavd within 321 
 
 Stafford Esquier, of Worstershire i486. Robert Bar tram 
 Baron of Bothell. Raph Barons, knight. William Apleton 
 knight. Reynold de Cambrey knight. Thomas Bewmond, sonne 
 and heyre to Henry Lord Bewmond. lolut Butler knight. 
 Adam de Howton knight, 141 7. Bartholomew Caster knight, 
 of London. Reinfride Arundele knight, 1460. Thomas Coidl 
 Esquier, 1422. In the Postles chappell, Walter Blunt knight 
 of the Garter, and Lord Mountioy, Treasurer of England, sonne 
 & heyre to T. Blunt knight. Treasurer of Normandy, 1474. 
 E. Bhmt Lord Mountioy, 1475. Alice Blunt, {Lady) Mountioy, 
 sometime wife to Wil. Brown Mayor of London and daughter 
 to H. Kebel Maior 1531. Anne Blunt daughter to /. Blunt 
 knight, L. Motmtioy, 1480. Sir Allen Cheinie knight, and sir 
 T. Greene knight. William Blunt Esquier, sonne and heyre 
 to Walter Blunt Captayne of Gwynes 1492. Elizabeth Blunt 
 wife to Robert Curson knight, 1494. Bartholomew Burzvashc, 
 and lohn Burwashe his sonne. lohn Blunt Lord Mountioy, 
 Captayne of Gwins and Hams 1485. lohn Dinham Baron, 
 sometime Treasurer of England, knight of the Garter 1501. 
 Elianor Dutchesse of Buckingham 1530. lohn Blunt knight 
 1531. Rowl. Blunt Esquier, 1509. Robert Bradbtiry 1489. 
 NicJiolas Clifton knight. Francis Chape. Two sonnes oiAllaync 
 Lord Cheiney, and lohn sonne and heyre to the same. Lord 
 Allaine Cheiney knight. John Robsart knight of the Garter 
 1450. Alleyne Cheinie knight. Thomas Malory knight, 1470. 
 Thomas Yong a Justice of the Bench, 1476. lohn Bald^vin 
 fellowe of Grayes Inne, and common Sergeant of London, 1469. 
 Walter Wrotsley knight, of Warwickshire, 1473. •5'fe2<^« lenins. 
 Mayor 1523. Thomas a Par, and lohn Wiltwater, slaine at 
 Barnet, 1471. Nicholas Paynes Esquier, 1513. Robert Elkenton 
 knight, 1460, lohn Water {alias Yorke) Herault 1520. John 
 More {alias Nory) King of Armes 1491. George Hopton knight, 
 1 489. Between the quire and the Altar, Raph Spiganel knight, 
 lohn Moyle Gent, of Grayes Inne, 1495. William HuddyVm^l, 
 1501. lo. Cobham a Baron of Kent, lo. Mortain, Knight, lo. 
 Deyncort knight, lo. Norbery Esquier, high Treasurer of 
 England, Hen. Norbery h\s sonne Esquier, 7^. Southlee \ Knight, Page 324 
 Tho. Sakuile, Tho. Lucy knight, 1525. Robert de la Riuar, 
 sonne to Mauricius de la Riuar Lord of Tormerton, 1457. 
 
322 Faringdon Ward within 
 
 lo. Mahnayn'as Esquier, and Tho. Malmaynas knight, Hugh 
 Actoti Taylor, 1530. Nicholas Malmains^ Hugh Par sal knight 
 1490. Alexander Kirketon knight, &c. In the body of the 
 church, WilliamPaulet Esquier of Summersetshire 1482. lohn 
 Moyle Gent. 1530. Peter Champion Esquier 151 1. lo. Hart 
 gentleman, 1449. Alice La. Htmgerford, hanged at Tiborne 
 for murdering her husband, 1523. Edward Hall gent, of 
 Grayes Inne, 1470. Ri. Churchyard gent, fellow of Grayes 
 Inne, 1498. lohn Bramre gent, of Grayes Inne 1498. lo. 
 Mortimar knight, beheaded 1423. Henry Frowike Alderman, 
 Renauld Frowike, Philip Pais, 1518. Wil. Porter Sergeant 
 at armes 1515. Tho. Grantham Gentleman, 1511. Edmond 
 Rotheley gentleman, 1470. Henry Roston gentleman, of Grayes 
 Inne, 1485, Nicholas Mongomery gentleman, sonne to lo. 
 7jfi9«^(?;;2^7^ofNorthhamptonshire, 1485. Six Bartho. Emfield 
 knight, sir Barnard S. Peter knight, sir Raph Sandwich knight, 
 Gustos of London : sir Andrew Sakeuile knight, lohn Tresza- 
 w«// gentleman and Taylor of London, 1530. All these and 
 fiue times so many more haue bin buried there, whose 
 Monuments are wholly defaced : for there were 9. Tombes of 
 Alablaster and Marble, inuironed with strikes of Iron in the 
 Quire, and one Tombe in the body of the Church, also coped 
 with iron, all pulled downe, besides seuen-score graue stones 
 of Marble, all sold for 50. pounds, or thereaboutes, by sir 
 Martin Bowes, Goldsmith and Alderman of London. Of late 
 time buried there, Walter Hadden, Doctor, &c. From this 
 Church West to Newgate, is of this Warde. 
 
 Now for the South side of this warde, beginning againe at 
 
 the crosse in Cheape, from thence to Fryday streete, and downe 
 
 that streete, on the West side, till ouer against the Northwest 
 
 Parish church comer of saint Matthewes Church. And on the West side, to 
 
 "[l^^f *^^ the South corner of the sayd Church, which is wholly in the 
 
 street. Warde of Faringdon. This church hath these few Monuments. 
 
 Thomas Pole Goldsmith, 1395. Robert lohnson Goldsmith, 
 
 Alderman. lohn Twiselton Goldsmith, Alderman, 1525. 
 
 Raph Allen Grocer, one of the Shiriffes, deceased iSA^. \ 
 
 Page 32s Anthony Carnage Ironmonger, one of the Shiriffes, deceased 
 
 1579. Anthony Cage. lohn Mabhe Chamberlaine of London, 
 
 &c. Allen at Condit and Thomas Warlingworth founded 
 
Faringdon Ward within 323 
 
 a chaunti-ie there. Sir Nicholas Twiford Goldsmith, Mayor, 
 gaue to that church an house with the appurtenances, called 
 the Griffon on the hope, in the same streete. 
 
 From this Fryday street, west to the old Exchange, old change. 
 a streete so called of the Kings Exchange there kept, which 
 was for the receit of Bullion, to be coyned. For Henry the 3. 
 in the 6. yeare of his raigne, wrote to the Scabines and men 
 of Ipre, that he and his counsel! had giuen prohibition, that 
 none. Englishmen or other, should make chaunge of plate or 
 other masse of siluer, but onely in his exchaunge at London, 
 or at Canterbury. Andrew Bukerell then had to Farme the 
 Exchaunge of England, and was Mayor of London in the 
 raigne of Henry the third. lohn Somercote had the keeping 
 of the Kings Exchaunge ouer all England. In the eight of 
 Edward the first, Gregory Rockesly was keeper of the sayd 
 Exchaunge for the King. In the fift of Ed. the second 
 William Hans ted -wa^s keeper thereof. And in the 18. Roger 
 de Frowicke, &c. 
 
 These receiued the old stamps, or coyning irons, from time 
 to time, as the same were worne, and deliuered new to all 
 the Mints in England-, as more at large in another place 
 I haue noted. 
 
 This street beginneth by west Cheape in the North, and 
 runneth downe South to Knight-Riderstreet, that part there- 
 of which is called Old Fishstreet : but the very housing and 
 Office of the Exchaunge and Coynage, was about the midst 
 thereof, South from the East gate that entreth Powles church- 
 yard, and on the west side in Baynards Castle Warde. 
 
 On the East side of this lane, betwixt West cheape, and 
 the church of S. Augustine, Henry Walks, Mayor (by license 
 of Ed. the first) builded one row of houses, the profits rising 
 of them to bee imployed on London Bridge, i 
 
 The parish church of S. Augustine, and one house next parish church 
 adioyning in Watheling street, is of this Warde called Faring- %^y^^_ "^'" 
 don. This is a fayre church, and lately well repaired, wherein 
 be monuments remaining of H. Reade Armorer, one of y° 
 Sheriffes, 1450, | Robert Bellesdon haberdasher, Mayor, 1491. Page 326 
 Sir — Townley, William Dere one of the Shiriffes, 1450. 
 Robert Rauen haberdasher 1500. Thomas Apleyard Gentle- 
 
 Y a 
 
324 Favingdon Ward within 
 
 man, 1515. William Moncaster Merchant Taylor, J524. 
 
 William Holte Merchant Taylor, 1544 &c. 
 
 Then is the North churchyard of Powles, in the which 
 
 Cathcdiall standeth the Cathedrall church, first founded by Ethelbart 
 
 v^'xt"'^^' ^i"g °f Ks"t, about the yeare of Christ, 610. He gaue 
 
 thereto lands as appeareth. 
 
 Aedelbertus Rex, Deo inspirante, pro animes sues remedio, 
 dedit cpiscopo melito terrain qicae appellatur Tillingeham ad 
 inonasterii sni solati^im scilicet^, S. Pauli : et ego Rex Aethel- 
 bertns ita firniiter concede tibi presuli melito potestatem eitis 
 habendi &■ possidendi vt in perpetimm in monasterii vtilitate 
 per mane at, &c. At heist an, Edgare, Ed. the Confessor, and 
 others also gaue lands therevnto. Wil. Conqueror gaue to 
 the church of S. Panic, and to Manricius then Bishop, and 
 his successors, the Castle of Stortford, with the appurtenances, 
 &c. He also confirmed the gifts of his predecessors, in these 
 words: Rex. Angl. Clanw qnietas in perpetuum, 24. Hidas 
 quas Rex Aethelbert dedit S. Panlo inxta muruni London. &e. 
 The Charter of King. Wil. the Conqueror, exemplified in the 
 Tower, englished thus. 
 
 William by the grace of God, King of Englishmen, to all 
 his zvelbeloned French and English people, greeting. Know 
 ye, that I do giue vnto God &• the church of S. Panic of 
 London, & to the rectors & sertiitors of the same, in all their 
 lands which the chnrcli hath, or shall haue, within borough & 
 without, sack and sock, Thole &■ The^my, Lnfangthefe & Grith- 
 brichc, & all freeships by sea, & by land, on tide, and off tide, 
 and all the rights that into them christendome byrad & more 
 speake, & on buright hanied, & on buright tvorke, afore all the 
 Bishopricks in mine land: and on each other mans land. For 
 L zvill that the church in all things be as free as L would my 
 soule to be in the day of iudgement : witnesses Osmound our 
 Chancellor, L an frank the Archbishop of Canterbury, & T. 
 Archbishop of York, Roger Earle of Shrewesbury, Alane the 
 county, Geffrey de Magna villa, and Raph Peuerel. \ 
 Pase}27 In the yeare 1087. this church of S. Paule was brent with 
 
 firej & therewith the most part of the citie : which fire began 
 
 ^ scilios] 160^ ; scilicet corr. 1633 
 
Fariiigdon JVard w/f/ihi 325 
 
 at the entry of the west gate, and consumed the east gate. Saint Panles 
 Maiiricius then Bishop, began therefore the foundation of a "'^'"'^'^ ^'*°'- 
 new church of saint PaiUe, a work that men of that time tWew '°" °^ 
 iudged, would neuer haue bin finished, it was to them so Church of s. 
 wonderfull for length & breadth, & also the same was builded ^'"''' *'°"'^'''' 
 vpon arches (or vaults) of stone, for defence of fier, which was 
 a maner of worke before that time vnknowne to the people of 
 this nation, and then brought in by the French : & the stone stone brought 
 was fetcht from Cane in Normandy. ^o"" Cane in 
 
 This Mmiricins deceased in the yeare 1107. Richard ^ ^ 
 Beamor ^ succeeded him in the Bishopricke, who did wonder- 
 fully increase the said church, purchasing of his owne cost 
 the large streetes and lanes about it, wherin were wont to 
 dwel many lay people, which ground he began to compasse Wall about S. 
 about, with a strong wall of stone, & gates. King H. the ^^f'^ ''''""^'' 
 first gaue to the said Ricliard, so much of the Mote (or wall) 
 of the castle, on the Thames side to the South, as should be 
 needfull to make the said wall of the church, & so much as 
 should suffise to make a wal without the way on the north 
 side, &c. 
 
 It should seeme that this Richard inclosed but two sides of 
 the said church or Cemitory of S. Paule, to wit, the South 
 and North side : for King Edward the second, in the tenth 
 of his raigne, granted that the said churchyard should be 
 inclosed with a wall where it wanted, for the murthers and 
 robberies that were there committed. But the cittizens then The common 
 claimed the East part of the church yarde to be the place of ^^^ 'j^ ^^"f^^ 
 assembly to their folkemotes, and that the great steeple there rung, for the 
 scituate was to that vse, their common bell, which being there of the^a^zens 
 rung, al the inhabitants of the citie might heare and come '° A^" foll^^- 
 together. They also claimed the west side, that they 
 might there assemble themselues together, with the Lord of 
 Baynards Castle, for view of their armour in defence of 
 the cittie. This matter was in the Tower of London re- 
 ferred to Harjiius de Stanto7i, and his fellow Justices Itener- 
 antes, but I finde not the decision or iudgement of that 
 controuersie. 
 
 ^ Beamor 1603, 1633 ; Beames : Stubbs' Registriim 
 
326 Faringdon JVard within 
 
 True it is, that Edzvard the third, in the seuenteene of his 
 
 raigne, gaue commandement for the finishing of that wall, 
 
 which was then performed, and to this day it continueth ; 
 
 Page}2& although now on both the | sides (to wit, within and without) 
 
 it be hidden with dwelling houses. Richard B earner deceased 
 
 in the yeare 11 37. and his successors in processe of time 
 
 performed the worke begun. 
 
 Panics steeple. The steeple of this church was builded and finished in the 
 
 yeare \i%%: the Crosse on the said steeple fell downe, and 
 
 The new work a new was set vp in the yeare 1314. The new worke of 
 
 the^Easr '° Powls (so Called) at the East end aboue the Quire, was begun 
 
 in the yeare 1251. 
 
 Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne, Constable of Chester, and 
 Custos of England, in his time was a great benefactor to this 
 work and was there buried, in the yeare 13 10. Also Raph 
 Baldocke Bishop of London, in his life time gaue 200. markes 
 to the building of the sayd new worke : and left much by his 
 Testament towards the finishing thereof, he deceased in the 
 yeare 1313. and was buried in the Lady Chappell. Also the 
 new worke of Fowls, to wit, the crosse lies, were begun to be 
 new builded in the yeare 1356. 
 Pauls steeple The first of February, in the yere 1444. about two of the 
 nhis ^ '^ '" clock in the afternoone, the steeple of Powles was fiered by 
 lightning, in the midst of the shaft or spire, both on the West 
 side, and on the South, but by labour of many well disposed 
 people the same to appearance quenched with Vinegar, so 
 that all men withdrew themselues to their houses praysing 
 God : but betweene eight and nine of the clocke in the same 
 night, the fire burst out againe, more feruently then before, 
 and did much hurt to the Lead and Timber, till by the great 
 labour of the Mayor and people that came thither, it was 
 throughly quenched. 
 Pauls steeple This Steeple was repayred in the yeare 1462. and the 
 Weather-Cocke agayne erected : Robert Godwin winding it 
 vp, the rope brake, and hee was destroyed on the Pinacles, 
 and the Cocke Av&s .sore brused. But Burchwood (the Kinges 
 Plomer) set it vp againe : since the which time, needing 
 Wethercocke reparation, it was both taken downe and set vp, in the yeare 
 steeple.^ 1553- -^t which time it was found to be of copper, gilt ouer. 
 
Faringdon Ward within 327 
 
 & the length from the bill to the tail being 4. foot, & the 
 breadth ouer the wings 3. foot and a halfe, it weighed 40. li. 
 the crosse from the bole, to the Eagle (or cock) was fifteene 
 foot, & 6. inches of asise : the length thereof ouerthwart, was 
 5. foote & 10. inches : and the compasse of the bole was 
 9. foot and i. inch. | 
 
 The inner bodie of this Crosse was Oake, the next com&x Page 32c, 
 was Lead, and the vttermost was of Copper, red vernished. 
 The boale and Eagle or Cocke, were of Copper and gilt also. 
 The height of the steeple was 530. foot, whereof the stone- Height of the 
 worke is 360. foot, & the spire was likewise 260. foote : the steeple. 
 length of the whole church is 240. taylers yardes, which make Length of 
 720. foote: the breadth thereof, is 130. foote: and the height ^^''^"^'"""''''• 
 of the bodie of that Church, is 150. foote. This Church hath 
 a Bishop, a Deane, a Precentor, Chancellor, Treasurer, and Gouemors of 
 fiue Archdeacons: to wit, of London, Midlesex, Essex, Col- ""' *"'=''• 
 Chester, and S. Albons : it hath Prebendaries thirtie, Canons 
 twelue, Vickars Corall six, &c. 
 
 The Colledge of Pettie Canons there was founded by king Petty canons of 
 Richard the second, in honor of Queene Anne his wife, and of ^''"'^• 
 her progenitors, in the 17. of his raign. Their hall and lands 
 was then giuen vnto them, as appeareth by the Pattent, 
 maister Robert Dokesworth then being maister thereof In 
 the yeare 1408, the petty Canons then building their Colledge, 
 the Maior and Comminaltie graunted them their water courses, 
 and other easements. 
 
 There was also one great Cloyster on the north side of this Great Cloyster 
 church inuironing a plot of ground, of old time called Pardon 
 church yard, wherof Thomas More, deane of Pauls, was either 
 the first builder, or a most especiall benefactor, and was buried 
 there. About this Cloyster, was artificially and richly painted 
 the dance of Machahray, or dance of death, commonly called 
 the dance of Patch : the like whereof was painted about Dannce of 
 S. Innocents cloyster at Paris in France : the meters or poesie ^'^'^^'^• 
 of this dance were translated out of French into English by 
 lohn Lidgate, Monke of Bury, the picture of death leading all 
 estates, at the dispence of lenken Carpenter, in the raigne of 
 Henry the sixt. In this Cloyster were buryed many persons, 
 some of worship, and others of honour : The Monuments of 
 
Fa)'iiigdo7t JVard within 
 
 Library of 
 paules. 
 
 Page 3)0 
 
 Chapel in par- 
 don Church- 
 yard. 
 
 Chappell at 
 the North 
 dore of pauls. 
 
 Holmes Col- 
 ledge. 
 
 lesus Chappie. 
 
 whome, in number and curious workemanship, pa.ssed all other 
 that were in that Church. 
 
 Ouer the East Quadrant of this Cloyster, was a fayre 
 Librarie, builded at the costes and charges of Waltar 
 Shcrington, Chancellor of the Duchie of Lancaster, in the 
 raigne of Henrie the 6. which hath beene well furnished with 
 faire written bookes in Vellem : but few of them now do 
 remaine there. In the midst | of this pardon churchyard, was 
 also a faire Chappell, first founded by Gilbei-t Beckei, Port- 
 graue and principall magistrate of this Citie, in the raigne of 
 king Stephen, who was there buried. 
 
 Thomas Moore Deane of Pauls before named, reedified or 
 new builded this Chappell, and founded three Chaplains there, 
 in the raigne of Henry the fift. 
 
 In the yeare 1549. on the tenth of Aprill,the sayd Chappell, 
 by commaundement of the Duke of Sommerset, was begun to 
 bee pulled downe, with the whole Cloystrie, the daunce of 
 Death, the Tombes and Monuments : so that nothing thereof 
 was left but the bare plot of ground, which is since conuerted 
 into a Garden, for the pettie Canons. There was also a 
 Chappell at the North doore of Pmiles, founded by the same 
 
 Waltar Sherrington, by licence of Henrie the sixt, for two, 
 three, or foure chaplaines, indowed with fortie pound by the 
 yeare. This Chappell also was pulled downe in the raigne of 
 Edward the sixt, and in place thereof a fayre house builded. 
 
 There was furthermore, a fayre Chappie of the holy Ghost 
 in Pauls church, on the north side : founded in the yeare 
 1400. by Roger Holmes, Chancellor and Prebendary of Paules, 
 for Adam Berie Alderman, Maior of London 1364, lohn 
 
 Wingham and others, for seuen Chaplains, and called Holmes 
 colledge. Their common hall was in Pauls churchyard on 
 the south side, neare vnto a Carpenters yard. This colledge 
 was with others suppressed in the raigne of Ed. the sixt. 
 Then vnder the Quire of Paules is a large chappel, first 
 dedicated to the name of lesu, founded, or rather confirmed 
 the 37. of H. the 6. as appeareth by his patent thereof, dated 
 at Crodowne to this effect. Many liege men, and Christian 
 people halting begun afraternitie, and gtnld, to the honotir of the 
 most glorious name of lesu Christ our sauiour, in a place called 
 
Faringdon JVard within 329 
 
 the Crowdes of the cathedrall chnrch of Pauls in London, which 
 hath co7itinued long time peaceably till now of late : wherevpon 
 they hane made reqiiest, and wc hatie taken vpon vs the name & 
 charge of the foundation, to the laud of Almighiie God, the 
 Father, the Sonne and the holy Ghost, and especially to the 
 honour of lesn, in zvhose honour the fraternitie was begun, &c. 
 
 The king ordained William Say, then Deane of Paules, to 
 be I the Rector, and Richard Ford (a remembrancer in the Page 3}' 
 Exchequer) and Henrie Bennis (clearke of his priuie Seale) the 
 Gardians of these brothers and sisters : they and their suc- 
 cessors to haue a common seale : licence to purchase lands 
 or tenements to the value of fortie pound by the yeare, &c. 
 
 This foundation was confirmed by Henrie the seuenth, the 
 two and twentie of his reigne, to Doctor Collet, then Deane of 
 Powles, Rector there, &c. And by Henrie the eight, the seuen 
 and twentieth of his raigne, to Richard Pace, then Deane of 
 Paules, &c. 
 
 At the West ende of this lesus Chappell, vnder the Quire parish church 
 of Paules, also was a parrish Church of Saint Faith, commonly ° ' ' ^' ' 
 called S. Faith vnder Pauls, which serued for the Stacioners 
 and others dwelling in Paules Churchyard, Pater noster row, 
 and the places neare adioyning. The said Chappell of lesus 
 being suppressed in the raigne of Edward the sixt: the 
 Parishioners of saint Faiths church were remooued into the 
 same, as to a place more sufficient for largenesse and light- 
 somnesse, in the yeare 1551. and so it remaineth. 
 
 Then was there on the north side of this churchyard, a large Chamel house 
 charnell house for the bones of the dead, and ouer it a chappell ^^' ^'' ^"^^^ ' 
 of an olde foundation, such as followeth. In the yeare 1283. 
 the tenth of Edivard the first, it was agreed^ that Henrie Walks 
 Maior, and the Citizens, for the cause of shops by them builded, 
 without the wall of the churchyard, should assigne to God, and 
 to the church of Saint Paule, ten markes of rent by the yeare 
 for euer, towardes the new building of a chappell of the blessed 
 virgin Mary, and also to assigne fiue marks of yearly rent to 
 a chaplaine to celebrate there. 
 
 Moreouer in the yeare 1430. the eight of Henrie the sixt, 
 licence was granted to lanken Carpenter (executor to Richard 
 Whittington) to establish vpon the said charnell, a chaplaine. 
 
330 Faringdon Ward within 
 
 to haue eight marks by the yeare : Then was also in this 
 chappell two brotherhoods. Robert Barton, Henrie Barton 
 Maior, and Thomas Mirfin Maior, all Skinners, were intombed 
 with their Images of Alablaster ouer them, grated or coped 
 about with Iron before the said Chappell, all which was pulled 
 
 Pctge}}2 downe, | in the yeare 1549. The bones of the dead couched vp 
 
 in a Charnill vnder the chappell, were conueyed from thence 
 into Finsbery field (by report of him who paid for the carriage) 
 amounting to more then one thousand cart loades, and there 
 laid on a Morish ground in short space after raised, by soylage 
 
 Reign Wolfe, of the citie vpon them, to beare three milles. The Chappell 
 and charnill were conuerted into dwelling houses, ware houses 
 and sheades before them for Stacioners, in place of the 
 Tombes. 
 
 Powles school. In the east parte of this Churchyeard, standeth Powles 
 schoole, lately new builded and endowed in the yeare 151 3. 
 by lohn Collet Doctor of Diuinity, and Deane of Powles, for 
 153. poore mens children to bee taught free in the same 
 schoole, for which hee appointed a Maister, a Surmaister, or 
 Vsher, and a Chaplain with large stipends for euer, committing 
 the ouersight thereof to the Maisters, Wardens and Assistantes 
 of the Mercers in London, because hee was sonne to Henry Collet 
 Mercer, sometime Maior. Hee lefte to these Mercers, landes to 
 the yearely value of one hundred and twenty pound or better. 
 
 Clochiard in Neare vnto this schoole, on the north side therof, was of 
 
 ya°rd.^^ '^ ^^'^ ^^'^ *^"^^ ^ great and high Clochier, or bell house, foure square, 
 builded of stone, and in the same a most strong frame of 
 timber, with foure Belles, the greatest that I haue heard, these 
 were called lesus Belles, and belonged to lesus Chappell, but 
 I know not by whose gift: the same had a great spire of 
 Timber couered with lead, with the Image of saint Paule on 
 the toppe, but was pulled downe by Sir Miles Partridge 
 knight, in the raigne of Henry the eight. The common speech 
 then was, that hee did set an hundred pound vpon a cast at dice 
 against it, and so wonne the said Clochiard and belles of the 
 king : and then causing the bels to bee broken as they hung, 
 the rest was pulled downe. This man was afterward executed 
 on the Tower hill, for matters concerning the Duke of Som- 
 merset, the fift of Edward the sixt. 
 
Faringdon JVard within 331 
 
 In place of this Clochiarde, of olde times the common Common bell 
 Bell of the Cittie was vsed to be rung for the assembly °^ *' ^''''• 
 of the citizens to their Folke motes, as I haue before 
 shewed. -o \ -^ n 
 
 Pulpit Crosse 
 ^ About the middest of this Churchyeard is a Pulpit Crosse of | churchyard 
 timber, mounted vpon steppes of stone, and couered with leade, Page jjj 
 in which are sermons preached by learned Diuines euery 
 Sundaye in the forenoone. The very antiquity of which 
 Crosse is to mee vnknowne : I reade, that in the yeare 1259. 
 K'mg Henry the third commaunded a generall assembly to bee 
 made at this crosse, where hee in proper person commaunded 
 the Mayor, that on the next day following, hee should cause 
 to bee sworne before the Alderman, euery stripling of twelue 
 yeares of age, or vpwarde, to bee true to the king and his 
 heyres, kinges of England. Also in the yeare 1362. the same 
 king caused to bee read at Pauls Crosse, a Bull obtayned from 
 Pope Vrban the fourth, as an absolution for him, and for all 
 that were sworne to maintaine the Articles made in Parliament 
 at Oxford. Also in the yere 1299. the Deane of Powles 
 accursed at Powles Crosse all those which had searched in 
 the Church of Saint Martin in the fielde, for an hoorde of 
 gold, &c. This Pulpit crosse was by tempest of lightning and 
 thunder defaced. Thomas Kempe Bishop of London new 
 builded it, in forme as it now standeth. 
 
 In the yeare 1561. the fourth of lune, betwixt the houre of Paules steeple 
 three and foure of the clocke in the afternoone, the greate spire trent^'^"'^'^ 
 of the steeple of Saint Paules church was fiered by lightning, 
 which brake foorth (as it seemed) two or three yeardes beneath 
 the foote of the Crosse, and from thence it brent downeward 
 the spire to the battlements, stone worke and Belles, so 
 furiously, that within the space of foure houres, the same 
 steeple with all the roofes of the church were consumed, to 
 the great sorrow and perpetuall remembrance of the beholders. 
 After this mischaunce, the Queenes Maiestie directed her 
 letters to the Mayor, willing him to take order for speedy Speedy repair- 
 repayring of the same. And shee of her Gratious disposition, cfurclf ^"'''^ 
 for the furtherance thereof, did presently giue and deliuer in The Queen's 
 golde 1000. markes, with a warrant for a thousand loades of ^' 
 Timber, to bee taken out of her woods, or elsewhere. 
 
Fnrhis^do?? JVard witJiin 
 
 Beneuolence. 
 
 PaS(3}4 
 
 Moniimentes 
 in Powles 
 church. 
 
 The Cittizens also gaue first a great beneuolence, and after 
 that three fifteenes to be speedily paid. The Cleargie of 
 Englande likewise within the Prouince of Canterburie graunted 
 the fortieth part of the value of their benefices, charged with 
 first fruites, | the thirtieth part of such as were not so charged, 
 but the Cleargie of London Dioces graunted the thirtieth parte 
 of all that paide first fruites, and the twentieth parte of such 
 as had paide theyr fruites. 
 
 Sixe Cittizens of London, and two Petie Canons of Powls 
 church, had charge to further and ouersee the worke, wherein 
 such expedition was vsed,that within one Moneth next follow- 
 ing the burning thereof, the church was couered with boords 
 & lead, in manner of a false roofe against the weather, and 
 before the ende of the said yeare, all the saide lies of the church 
 were framed out of new timber, couered with lead, and fully 
 finished. The same yeare also the great roofes of the west 
 and east endes were framed out of great timber in Yorkshire, 
 brought thence to London by sea, and set vp, and couered 
 with lead, the north and south endes were framed of timber, 
 and couered with leade before Aprill, 1566. Concerning the 
 steeple, diuers models were deuised and made, but little else 
 was done, through whose default God knoweth : it was said 
 that the money, appointed for new building of the steeple, was 
 collected. 
 
 Monumentes in this church be these, First as I reade, of 
 Erkenwalde Bishoppe of London buried in the olde Church, 
 aboute the yeare of Christ, seuen hundred, whose body was 
 translated into the new worke, in the yeare 1 140. being richly 
 shrined aboue the Quire behind the high Alter. 
 
 Sebba or Seba king of the East Saxons, first buried in the 
 olde Church, since remoued into the new, and laide in a coffin 
 of stone ^, on the north side without the Quire, Etheldred king 
 of the West Saxons was likewise buried and remoued. 
 William Norman, Bishop of London in the raignes of Edward 
 the Confessor and of William the conqueror, deceased 1070. 
 and is new buried in the body of the church with an Epitaph, 
 as in my summary I haue shewed, Eiistachius de Faucon- 
 
 stone] or gray marble add. 163J 
 
Faringdon Ward within 333 
 
 bridge Bishoppe of London, laaS. buried in the south He 
 aboue the Quire. Martin PatesJudl Deane of Powles, 1239. 
 
 W. Haitarhid Canon, the Icings Treasurer, Hugh Patesfmll 
 1340. Roger Nigar Bishoppe of London, 1241. buried in the 
 North side the quier. Fulco Basset Bishop of London, 1259. 
 and his Brother Philip Basset knight | 136 1. Henry Wingham Pagcjjs 
 Bishop of London buried in tlie south He aboue the Quire, 
 1262. Geffrey de Acra Chaplen, in the Chappie of saint lames 
 vnder the roode at North dore, 1364. Alexander de Sivarford 
 1273. ^0^"^ Grantham, 1273. lohn Braynford, & Richard 
 
 Vmframuile, 1275. Roger de Lale Archdeacon of Essex, 1280. 
 Ralph Donion Canon 1382. Godfrey S. Donstan, 1374. Fidke 
 Lonell, 1398. William Harworth, Clearke, 1302, Reginald 
 Brandon in the new Lady Chappell, 1305. Richard Newporte 
 Archdeacon of Middlesex, 1309. Henry Lacie, Earle of Lin- 
 colne, in the new worke of Powles, betwixt the Lady Chappell 
 and Saint Dunstons chappell, where a fayre monument was 
 raysed for him, with his picture in armour, crosse legged, as Cause of mo- 
 one professed for defence of the holy land against the Infidels, ","™f"'j °^ 
 
 '■ y & > tfje dead cvosse 
 
 1310. his monument is fowly defaced. Ralph Baldoke Bishoppe legged. 
 of London, 1313. in the saide Lady Chappell, whereof he was 
 founder. 
 
 Some haue noted that in digging the foundation of this w. Paston. 
 new worke, namely of a chappell on the south side of ^g''PPjj^,j°"g 
 Powles church, there were found more then an hundred of Powles, 
 scalpes of Oxen or Kine, in the yeare one thousand three Q^"^ipt of oxea 
 hundred and sixeteene, which thing (say they) confirmed fo™<i i" dig- 
 greatly the opinion of those which haue reported that ofdation. 
 olde time there had beene a Temple of hipiter, and that 
 there was dayly sacrifice of beastes. 
 
 Othersome both wise and learned haue thought the Buckes A Bucks head 
 head, borne before the procession of Paules on Saint •^««^-S' the proceSon 
 day, to signifie the like. But true it is I haue read an ancient at powles. 
 deede to this effect. 
 
 Sir William Baud knight, the third of Edward the first, 
 in the yeare 1374, on Candlemas day granted to Haruy de 
 Borham, Deane of Powles, and to the chapter there, that in 
 consideration of twentie two Acres of ground or land, by 
 them granted within their Mannor of Westley in Essex, to 
 
334 Favingdon Ward within 
 
 bee inclosed into his parke of Curingham, he would for euer 
 vppon the Feast daye of the conuersion of S. Paule in winter, 
 giue vnto them a good Doe, seasonable and sweete, and 
 vppon the Feast of the commemoration of S. Paule in 
 summer, a good Bucke, and offer the same at the high Altar, 
 PagcjsO the same to bee spent amongst the Ca|nons residentes : 
 the Doe to bee brought by one man at the houre of Proces- 
 sion, and through the Procession to the High Alter: and the 
 bringer to haue nothing : the Bucke to bee brought by all his 
 meyney in like manner, and they to haue paid vnto them by 
 the chamberlaine of the church xii. pence onely, and no more 
 to be required. This grant he made, and for performance, 
 bound the landes of him and his heyres to bee distrained on : 
 and if the landes should bee euicted, that yet hee and his 
 Heyres shoulde accomplish the gifte. Witnesses Richard 
 Tilberic, William de Wockeiidon, Richarde de Harloive 
 knights, Peter of Stanforde, Thomas of Waldon, and some 
 others. 
 
 Sir Walter Baicde, sonne to William, confirmed this gift, 
 in the thirtieth of the said king, and the witnesses therevnto 
 were Nicholas de Wokendon, Richard de Rokeley, Thomas 
 de Mandeuile, lohn de Rochford knights, Richard de Broniford, 
 William de Markes, William de Fulham, and other. 
 
 Thus much for the grant. 
 
 Now what I haue heard by report, and haue partly scene, 
 it followeth. On the feast day of the commemoration of 
 saint Paule the bucke being brought vp to the steps of the 
 high Altar in Powls church, at the houre of procession, the 
 Deane and chapter being apparrelled in coapes and vest- 
 mentes, with garlands of Roses on their heades, they sent 
 the body of the Bucke to baking, and had the head fixed on 
 a powle, borne before the Crosse in their procession, vntiU 
 they issued out of the West dore, where the keeper that 
 brought it blowed the death of the Bucke, and then the 
 homers that were about the cittie, presently aunswered him in 
 like manner : for the which paines they had each one of the 
 Deane and chapter, foure pence in money, and their dinner, 
 and the keeper that brought it was allowed during his abode 
 there, for that seruice, meate, drinke and lodging, at the 
 
Favingdon Ward within 335 
 
 deane and chapters charges, and fiue shillinges in money at 
 his going away, together with a loafe of bread, hauing the 
 picture of saint Patde vppon it, &c. 
 
 There was belonging to the church of Saint Panic for 
 both the dayes, two speciall sutes of vestmentes, the one 
 embrodered with | Buckes, the other with Does, both giuen Fai>ejj7 
 by the sayd Baitds (as I haue heard.) Thus much for the 
 matter. Now to the residue of the monuments, sir Raph 
 Hingham, chiefe Justice of both Benches successiuely, buried 
 in the side of the north walke agaynst the Quire, 1308. Henry 
 Gtdldford Clarke, at the Altar of the Apostles, 13 1 3. Richard 
 Newport Bishop of London, 13 18. William Chateleshtmte 
 Canon in the new worke, 1321. had a chantrie there, sir 
 Nicholas Wokenden knight, at the Altar of Saint Thomas in 
 the new worke, 1323. lohn Cheshidl Bishop of London, 1279- 
 Roger Waltham Canon, 1325. Hamo Chikcivell sixe times 
 Maior of London, 1328. Robert Monden, and lohn Monden 
 his brother. Canons, in the new worke, 133 a. Woltar Thorpe 
 Canon, in the new worke, 1333. lohn Fable, 1334. lames 
 Frisil, Chaplen, 1341. William Melford Archdeacon of 
 Colchester (rf. 1336), Richard de Placeto, Archdeacon of Col- 
 chester (in) 1342. before Saint Thomas chappell. Gejfrey 
 Eton, Canon, 1345. Nicholas Husband canon, 1347. sir lohn 
 Poultney Maior, 1348. in a faire chappell by him builded on 
 the north side of Paules, wherein he founded three Chaplains. 
 William Euersden canon, in the Crowds, 1349. Alan Hotham 
 Canon, in the new Crowdes, 1351. Henrie Etesworth, vnder 
 the Roode at north doore, 1353, lohn Beachampe Con- 
 stable of Douer, warden of the Fortes, knight of the 
 Garter, sonne to Gwy Beauchampe Earle of Warwike, and 
 Brother to Thomas Earle of Warwicke, in the bodie of the 
 church on the South side, 1358. where a proper chappie, and 
 fayre monument remaineth of him : he is by ignorant people 
 misnamed, to be Humfrey Duke of Glocester, who lieth 
 honourably buried at Saint Albons, twentie myles from 
 London, and therefore such as merrily, or simply professe 
 themselues to serue Duke Humfrey in Paules, are to be 
 punished here, and sent to Saint Albons, there againe to bee 
 punished for their absence from their Lord and maister, as 
 
336 
 
 Favingdon Ward within 
 
 Carta fuii- 
 dationis caii- 
 terii. 
 
 Margaret 
 Countesse of 
 Shrewesburie 
 her monument 
 painted oner 
 the entrie of 
 lesus Chappel. 
 
 they call him. Michael Norborcnv Bishop of London, 1361. 
 W altar Nele Blader, and Auis his wife, i.S^i- Gilbert 
 Breiver Deane of Paules, 13(53)- Richard Wendouer, 1366. 
 lohn Hiltoft Goldsmith, and Alice his wife, in the new worke, 
 S. Dunstons chappie, 1368. Adam de Beiy, Maior of 
 Lon|don, and Roger Holmes for seuen Priestes in a Chappel) 
 of the holy Ghost behinde the Rode at the North doore of 
 Pauls, 1390. lohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, 1399. buried 
 on the north side the Quire, beside Blanch his first wife, who 
 deceased 1368. sir Richard Biirley knight of the Garter, 
 vnder a fayre monument in the side of the north walke 
 against the Quire, a chantrie was there founded for him, 1409. 
 Beatrix his wife, after his death married to Thomas Lord 
 Rouse, was buried in the chappell of Saint lohn Baptist (or 
 Poultneys Chappell) neare the north doore of Paules, 1409. 
 Thomas Eiiers Deane of Paules, in Saint Thomas chappell 
 the new worke, 1411.^ Thomas More Deane of Pouls, in the 
 chappie of Saint Anne and Saint Thomas by him new builded 
 in Pardon churchyard, 1419. Thomas Stoiv Deane of Paules, 
 by the Tombe of Tohn Beauchampe, I423-''"' The Dutchesse 
 of Bedford, sister to Philip Duke of Burgoyne, 1433. Robert 
 Fitzlmgh Bishop of London in the quire, 1435. Walter 
 Sherington, in a chappell without the North doore by him 
 builded, 1457. lohn Drayton Goldsmith, in Alhallowes 
 chappell, 1456. William Say Deane of Paules, in the Crowds, 
 or lesus chappel, 1468. ilf«r^«r^/ countesse of Shrewsburie, 
 in the Crowdes, or lesus chappell, as appeareth by an Inscrip- 
 tion on a pillar there. ' Here before the Image of lesu, lieth 
 the worshipfull and right noble ladie Margaret Countesse of 
 Shrewsburie, late wife of the true and victorious knight and 
 redoubtable warriour, lohn Talbot'^ Earle of Shrewsburie, 
 which worship* died in Guien for the right of this land. The 
 first daughter, and one of the heyres of the right famous 
 and renowned knight Richard Beauchampe late Earle of 
 Warwicke, which died in Roane, and of Dame Elizabeth his 
 wife, the which Elizabeth was daughter and heyre to Thomas 
 late Lord Berkeley on his side, and of her mothers side Ladie 
 
 ^ 1400 Le Neve 
 Talles] ed. ; /(5y, corr. Talbot 
 
 d. a. 140J Le Neve 
 ■• worshipful man i6}j 
 
Faringdon Ward within 337 
 
 Lisle, and Tyes, which countesse passed from this world the 
 xiiii. day of luncj in the yeare of our Lord 1468. on whose 
 (soule) lesu haue mercie, Amen.' lohn Wenlocke by his last 
 will, dated 1477. appoynted there should bee dispended vpon 
 a Monument ouer the Lady of Shrewesburie where she is 
 buried afore lesus, one hundred pounds. He left Sir Hmnfrey 
 Talbot'^ his Superuisor. This sir Humfrey Talbot knight, | 
 Lord Marshall of the towne of Calles, made his will the yeare Page 339 
 1492. He was yonger son oi lofm Earle of Shrewsburie, and 
 Margaret his wife : hee appoynted a stone to be put in a 
 pillar before the graue of his Ladie mother in Pauls, of his 
 portrature, and armes, according to the will of John Wenlocke, 
 but for want of roome and lightsomnesse in that place, it 
 was concluded, the Image of lesus to bee curiously painted 
 on the wall in Paules Church, ouer the doore that entreth 
 into the said Chappell of lesus, and the portrature also of 
 the said Ladie Margaret countesse of Shrewesburie, kneeling 
 in her mantle of Armes, with other of her progenie, all which 
 was so performed, and remaineth till this day. In the 
 Chappie of lesus, Thomas Docwrey, William Lainbe, 1578 
 and many other haue been enterred, Tok7t of London vnder 
 the North rode, 1266. lohn Loiiell Clarke, Ioh7i Romane, lohn 
 of Saint Olaue, W altar Bloxley, Sir Alen Boxhull knight of 
 the Garter, Constable of the Tower, Custos of the Forrest 
 and parke of Clarendon, the Forrest of Brokholt, Grouell and 
 Melchet, buried beside Saint Erkenwalds shrine ; and of later 
 time Thomas Kempe Bishop of London, in a proper Chappell 
 of the Trinitie by him founded in the bodie of the Church on 
 the North syde, 1489. Thomas Linicar"-, Doctor of Phisicke, 
 lohn Collett Deane of Paules, on the South side without the 
 Quier, 1519. lohn Dowman Canon of Paules, 1525. Richard 
 Fitz-Iames Bishop of London, hard beneath the North-west 
 pillar of Paules Steeple, vnder a fayre Tombe, and a Chappell 
 of Saint Paule builded of Tymber, with Stayres mounting 
 therevnto ouer his Tombe of gray Marble, 1521. His Chappell 
 was burned by fire falling from the Steeple, his Tombe was 
 taken thence. lohn Stokesley Bishop of London in our Ladie 
 Chappell, 1539. Tohn Nenill, Lord Latimer, in a Chappell 
 1 Talks 1603 ^ Linacre] Linicar 160J 
 
 STOW. I 
 
338 
 
 Faringdon JVavd within 
 
 Page 340 
 
 Pater noster 
 Rowe. 
 
 Pater Noster 
 makers. 
 
 Aue Mary 
 lane. 
 
 by the North doore of Paules, about 1543. Sir lohn Mason 
 Knight in the North vvalke, agaynst the Quier, 1566. William 
 Herbert Earle of Pembrooke, knight of the Garter, on the 
 North side the Quier, 1569. Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper 
 of the great Seale, on the South side of the Quier, 1578. 
 Sir Phillip Sidney aboue the Quier^ on the north side, 1586. 
 Sir Frances \ Walsingham knight, principall secretarie, and 
 Chauncellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1590. sir Christopher 
 Hatton Lord Chancellor of England, knight of the Garter, 
 aboue the Quier, 1591. vnder a most sumptuous Monument, 
 where a merry poet writ thus. 
 
 Philip and Francis hatie no Tombe, 
 
 For great Christopher takes all the rooine. 
 
 lohn Elmer Bishop of London before saint Thomas chappel, 
 1 594. The lady Heneage, and her husband, sir Thomas Heneage 
 Chancellor of the Dutchie, 1595. Richard Fletcher Bishop of 
 London, 1596. These as the chiefe haue I noted to bee 
 buried there. 
 
 Without the North gate of Paules Church, from the ende 
 of the olde Exchaunge, West vp Pater Noster Rowe, by the 
 two lanes out of Paules Church, the first out of the crosse Isle 
 of Paules, the other out of the bodie of the Church, about the 
 midst thereof, and so West to the golden Lion, be all of this 
 Warde, as is aforesaid. The houses in this streete, from the 
 first North gate of Paules Churchyard, vnto the next gate, 
 were first builded without the Wall of the Churchyard, by 
 Henrie Walks Maior, in the yeare 138a. The rentes of those 
 houses goe to the maintenance of London Bridge. This 
 streete is now called Pater Noster Rowe, because of Stacioners 
 or Text writers that dwelled there, who wrote and solde all 
 sortes of Bookes then in vse, namely, A. B. C. with the Pater 
 Noster, Aue, Creede, Graces, &c. 
 
 There dwelled also turners of Beades, and they were called 
 Pater Noster makers, as I read in a record of one Robert 
 Nikke, Pater Noster maker and Citizen, in the raigne of Henry 
 the 4. and so of other. At the end of this Pater Noster 
 Rowe, is Aue Mary lane, so called vpon the like occasion of 
 text writers, and Beade makers then dwelling there : and at 
 
Faringdon IJ^'ard within 339 
 
 the ende of that lane is likewise Creede lane, late so called, Cieede lane. 
 but sometime Spurrier Roive, of Spurriers dwelling there, and 
 Amen lane is added therevnto, betwixt the South end of Amen lane, 
 Warwicke lane, and the north end of Atie Mary lane : at the 
 north ende of Aue Mary lane, is one great house builded of 
 stone and timber, of old time pertaining to lohn Duke of | 
 Britaine, Earle of Richmond, as appeareth by the Records oi Page 341 
 Ed. the second : since that it is called Pembrooks Inne, nere ^l^'^^ P^ ^^"l- 
 
 , , . , _ , . tames house, 
 
 vnto Ludgate, as belongmg to the Earles of Pembrooke m the since Pem- 
 
 times of Ric. the 2. the 18. yeare : and of Henry the 6. in the ^™°Burgane- 
 
 xiiii. yeare. It is now called Burgaueny house, and belongeth ny house. 
 
 to Henry late Lord of Burgaueny. Betwixt the south end of 
 
 Aue Mary lane, and the North end of Creed lane, is the 
 
 comming out of Paules Church yard, on the East, and the 
 
 high street on the West, towards Ludgate, and this is called 
 
 Bowier row, of Bowiers dwelling there in olde time, now worne Bowier row. 
 
 out by Mercers and others. In this street on the north side, 
 
 is the parish church of saint Martin, a proper church, and Parish church 
 
 lately new builded : for in the yeare 1437. lohn Michael Maior ^^ Ludgate. 
 
 and the comminaltie, granted to William Downe parson of 
 
 S. Martins at Ludgate, a parcell of ground, conteyning in 
 
 length 24 foot, and in breadth 24. foot, to set and build 
 
 theyr steeple vpon, &c. The Monuments here hath beene 
 
 of William Seuenoake Maior, 141 8. Henry Belwase, and 
 
 lohn Gest, 1458. William Tauerner Gentleman, 1466. lohn 
 
 Barton Esquire, 1439. Stephen Peacocke, Maior, 1533. Sir 
 
 Roger Cholmley. lohn Went, and Roger Paine had Chanteries 
 
 there. 
 
 On the south side of this streete, is the turning into the The Blacke 
 blacke Friers, which order sometime had their houses in Olde- 
 borne, where they remayned for the space of fiftie fiue yeares, 
 and then in the yeare 1276. Gregorie Roksley Maior, and the Maior and 
 Barons of this citie, granted and gaue to Ro. Kilwarby Arch- c"""" ° 
 bishop of Canterbury, two lanes or wayes next the streete of 
 Baynards castell, and also the Tower of Mountfitchit, to bee 
 destroyed : in place of which, the said Robert builded the late 
 new church of the Blacke-Friers, and placed them therein. 
 King Edward the first and Elianor his wife were great 
 benefactors therevnto. This was a large church, and richly 
 
 Z 2 
 
Parliament. 
 
 340 Farmgdon Wai'd within 
 
 furnished with Ornaments : wherein diuerse parliaments and 
 other great meetings hath beene holden : namely in the yeare 
 1450. the twentie eight of Henrie the sixt, a parliament was 
 begun at Westminster, and adiourned to the Blacke-Friers in 
 London, and from thence to Leycester. In the yeare 1522. 
 the Ernperour Charles the fift was lodged there. In the 
 yeare 1534. the fifteenth of Aprill, a parliament was begun | 
 Page 342 at the Blacke Friers, wherein was demaunded a subsidie of 
 800000. pound, to bee raysed of goodes and landes, foure 
 shillings in euery pound, and in the ende was granted two 
 shillinges of the pound, of goodes or landes, that were worth 
 twenty pound, or might dispend twentie pound by the yeare, 
 and so vpward, to be payed in two yeares. This Parliament 
 Parliament at was adiourned to Westminster, amongst the blacke Monkes, 
 Fryers^calkd ^"^ ended in the kings palace there, the fourteenth of August, 
 the blacke at nine of the clocke in the night, and was therefore called the 
 blacke parliament. In the yere 1529. Cardinall Campeius the 
 Legat, with Cardinal Woolsey sate at the said blacke friers, 
 where before them as Legats & ludges, was brought in 
 question the kings marriage with Queene Katherin as to be 
 vnlawfull, before whom the king and Queene were cited and 
 summoned to appeare, &c. whereof more at large in my 
 Annales I haue touched. 
 
 The same yeare in the Moneth of October began a parlia- 
 ment in the Blacke Friers, in the which Cardinall Woolsey 
 was condemned in the premunire ^ : this house valued at 
 104.11. 15.S. 5.d. was surrendred the xii. of Nouember, the 30. 
 of Henrie the eight. There were buried in this Church, 
 Margaret Queene of Scots, Hubert de Burgh Earle of Kent, 
 translated from their olde Church, by Old-Boorne : Robert de 
 Attabeio Earle of Bellimon : Dame Isabel wife to Sir Roger 
 Bygot, Earle Marshall : William and lane Huse, children to 
 Dame Ellis, Countes of Arundell, and by them lieth Dame 
 Ellis, daughter to the Earle Warren, and after Countesse of 
 
 Arundell : Dame/de wife to Sir Waltar daughter toFerrers 
 
 of Chartley, Richard de Breives, Richard Strange, sonne to 
 
 Roger Strange, Elizabeth daughter to sir Barthol. Badlesmere, 
 
 wife to sir William Bohun Earle of Northampton. Marsh, 
 
 ' premunire] priminerie i^gS ; preminire 160^ 
 
Faringdon Ward within 341 
 
 the Earles of March and Hereford, and Elizabeth Countesse of 
 Arundell. Dame loan daughter to sir lotm Came, first wife 
 to sir Gzvide Brian. Htigh Clare knight, 1 295. The heart of 
 O. Helianor the foundresse : the heart of Alfonce her son : the 
 hearts of lohn and Margaret, children to W. Valence: sir 
 William Thorpe Justice, the lord Lioth of Ireland, Maude wife 
 to Geffrey Say, daughter to y° Earle of Warwick, Dame 
 Sible, daughter to Wil. Pattehulle, wife to Roger Bew\chanipe, Page 34} 
 and by her Sir Richard or Roger Bewchampe, Lorde 5. Amand 
 and Dame Elizabeth his wife, daughter to the Duke of 
 Lancaster, sir Stephen Collington knight, sir William Peter 
 knight. The Countesse of Huntington, Dutches of Excester 
 1425. sir lohn Cornwall, Lord Fanhope, died at Ampthill in 
 Bedfordshire, and was buried here, 1443. sir lohn Tiptofte 
 Earle of Worcester beheaded, 1470. and by him in his Chappie, 
 lames Tutchet, Lord Audley, beheaded 1497. William Paston 
 and Anne daughter to Edmond Lancaster. The Loi'd ^^12- 
 mount, sir Edmond Cornewall Baron of Burford, The Lady 
 Netiell, wedded to the Lord Dowglas, daughter to the Duke of 
 Excester, Richard Scrope Esquier, Dame Katheren Vatix alias 
 Cobham, sir Thomas Browne and dame Elizabeth his wife, 
 lane Powell, Thomas Swinforth, lohn Mawsley, Esquier, 1432. 
 lohn de la Bere, Nicholas Eare, Geffrey Spring, William 
 Clifford Esquiers, Sir Thomas Brandon knight of the Garter, 
 1509. William Stalworth Marchant Taylor, 1518. William 
 Cotirtney Earle of Deuonshire nominate but not created, the 
 3. oi Henry the eight, &c. 
 
 There is a parrish of saint Anne within the precinct of the Parish cluuch 
 Black Fryers, which was pulled down with the Friers Church, "e^'b'^lided 
 by sir Thomas Garden : but in the raigne of Queene Mary, in the black 
 hee being forced to find a church to the inhabitantes, allowed 
 them a lodging chamber aboue a staire, which since that 
 time, to witte the yeare, 1597. fell downe, and was againe 
 by collection therefore made, new builded and enlarged 
 in the same yeare, and was dedicated on the eleuenth of 
 December. 
 
 Now to turne againe out of the Black Fryers through Come market 
 Bowier Rowe, Aue Mary lane, and Pater Noster Row, to the J'e^, r^". "°^' 
 church of saint Michaell ad Bladum, or at the corne, (corruptly 
 
342 Faringdon Ward within 
 
 at the Queine,) so called, because in place thereof, was some- 
 Paiish church time a come market, stretching vp West to the Shambles : It 
 ad Bladum. seemeth that this church was new builded^ about the raigne 
 of Edivard the 3. Thomas Neivton first Parson there, was 
 buried in the Quire, the yeare 1361. At the east end of this 
 Olde Crosse in Church stoode a Crosse, called the old crosse in west Cheape, 
 which was taken downe in the yeare 1390. since the which 
 Page 344 time, the said parrish church was | also taken down, but new 
 builded and enlarged, in the yeare 1430. the eight of Henry 
 the sixt. William Eastfield Mayor, & the comminaltie 
 graunted of the common soyle of the citie, three feet and 
 a halfe in bredth on the north part, and foure foot in bredth 
 toward the East, for the enlarging thereof This is now a 
 proper Church, and hath the monumentes of Thomas Newton 
 first Parson, Roger Woodcocke, Hatter, 1475. Thomas Rossel 
 Brewer, 1473. lohn Hidton, Stacioner, 1475. /. Oxney, Roger 
 Roger North. North, Marchant Haberdasher, 1509. lohn Leiland the famous 
 Antiquary, Henry Pranell Vintner, one of the shiriffes 1585' 
 William Elkin one of the shiriffes, 1586. Thomas Bankes, 
 Barber Chirurgion, 1598. &c. Tohn Mnndham had a Chaun- 
 trie there, in the 4. of ^. the second. 
 Water conduit At the east end of this church, in place of the olde crosse, is 
 gate.^" '' i^ow a water conduit placed, W. Eastfield Mayor, the 9. of H. 
 
 the 6. at the request of diuers common councels, granted it so 
 to be : wherevpon in the 19. of the same Henry, one thousand 
 marks was granted by a common counsell towardes the workes 
 of this conduit, & the reparations of other : this is called the 
 little Conduit in West Cheape by Powles gate. At the west 
 Passage throgh end of this parrish church is a small passage for people on 
 church ^ ^ foote through the same church, & west from the said church, 
 some distance, is an other passage out oi pater noster row, and 
 Panier Alley, is called of sucli a signe, Panyar Alley, which commeth out 
 luie lane. into the North ouer against S. Martins lane. Next is luie 
 lane, so called of luie growing on the walles of the Prebend 
 houses, but now the lane is repleni-shed on both the sides with 
 faire houses, and diuers offices be there kept, by registers, 
 namelie, for the prerogatiue court of the Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury, the Probate of Willes, and for the Lord Treasurers 
 remembrance of the Exchequer, &c. 
 
Faringdon IVard within 343 
 
 This Lane runneth North to the west ende of S. Nicholas 
 shambles. Of old time was one great house, sometimes 
 belonging to the Earles of Britaine, since that to the Louels, 
 and was called Louels Inne : for Mathild wife to lohn Louell'Lovith Line. 
 held it in the first of H. the 6. Then is Eldenese lane, which Eklenese lane, 
 stretcheth North to the high street of Newgate market, the Lr"""''^ 
 same is now called Warwicke lane, of an ancient house there warwickes 
 builded by an Earle of War|wicke, and was since called War- paa-ej^j 
 wicke Inne. It is in record called a messuage in Eldenese 
 lane, in the parrish of S. Sepulchre, the 38. of Henry the 6. 
 Cicille Dutches of Warwicke possessed it. Now againe from 
 the Conduit by Powles gate on the north side, is a large streete, 
 running west to Newgate, the first part whereof from the 
 Conduit to the shambles, is of seUing bladders there, called 
 Bladder street. Then behind the butchers shops be now Bladder street. 
 diuers slaughter houses inward, and Tippling houses outward. 
 This is called Mountgodard streete of the Tippling houses Mountgodard 
 there, and the Goddards mounting from the tappe to the ^''■^^'^• 
 Table, from the table to the mouth, and sometimes ouer the 
 head. This streete goeth vp to the North end of luie lane. 
 Before this Mountgodard streete stall boordes were of olde 
 time set vp by the Butchers, to shew & to sell their flesh 
 meate vpon, ouer the which stalboordes, they first builded 
 sheades to keepe off the weather, but since that incroching by 
 little and little, they haue made their stall boordes & sheads, 
 faire houses, meete for the principall shambles. Next is 
 Newgate market first of corne and meale, and then of other Newgate mar- 
 victuals, which stretcheth almost to Eldenese lane. A faire 
 new and strong frame of timber couered with lead, was there- 
 fore set vp at the charges of the citie, neare to the west 
 corner of S. Nicholas shambles, for the meale to be weighed, 
 in the i. of Edward the 6. Sir lohn Greshani being then 
 Mayor. On this side the north corner of Eldenese lane stood 
 sometime a proper parrish church of S. Ewine, as is before Parish church 
 said, giuen by Henry the 8. towards the erecting of Christs ° 
 church, it was taken down, and in place thereof, a faire strong 
 frame of timber erected, wherein dwell men of diuers Trades. 
 And from this frame to Newgate is all of this ward, and so 
 an end thereof. It hath an Alderman, his Deputie, common 
 
344 
 
 Bredstreete warde 
 
 councel, la. Constables, 17. Scauengers, 18. Wardmote In- 
 quest, 18. and a Bedle: And is taxed to the fifteene, 50. 
 pound.] 
 
 Page 346 
 
 Bredstreete warde 
 
 Bredstreete 
 ward. 
 
 Bredstreete. 
 
 Bredstreete ward beginneth in the high streete 
 of west Cheape, to wit, on the south side, from the Standard 
 to the great Crosse. Then is also a part of Watheling streete 
 of this ward, to wit, from ouer against the Red Lion on the 
 North side vp almost to Powles gate, for it lacketh but one 
 house of S. Augustines church. And on the south side from 
 the red Lion gate to the Old Exchange, and downe the same 
 Exchange on the East side, by the west end of Mayden lane, 
 or Distar lane, to Knightriders streete, or as they call that 
 part thereof, Old Fishstreet. And all the north side of the 
 said old Fishstreete, to the South ende of Bredstreete, and by 
 that still in Knightriders streete, till ouer against the Trinitie 
 Church, and Trinitie lane. Then is Bredstreet it selfe, so 
 called of bread in olde time there sold : for it appeareth 
 by recordes, that in the yeare 1302. which was the 30. of E. 
 first, the Bakers of London were bounden to sell no bread 
 in their shops or houses, but in the market, and that they 
 should haue 4. Hall motes in the yeare, at foure seuerall 
 terms, to determine of enormities belonging to the said 
 Company. 
 
 This streete giuing the name to the whole warde, beginneth 
 in west Chepe, almost by the Standarde, and runneth downe 
 south, through or thwart Watheling street, to Knightriders 
 street aforesaide, where it endeth. This Bredstreet is wholy 
 on both sides of this warde. Out of the which street on the 
 East side is Basing lane, a peece whereof, to wit, to and ouer 
 against the backe gate of the Red Lion in Watheling streete, 
 is of this Bredstreete ward. 
 Friday streete. Then is Fryday streete beginning also in west Cheape, and 
 runneth downe South through Watheling street to Knight- 
 rider streete, or olde Fishstreet. This Friday streete is of 
 
Bredstreete warde 345 
 
 Bredstreet ward, on the east side from ouer against the 
 northeast corner of S. Mathewes church, and on the west 
 side from the south corner of the said church, down as 
 aforesaid. | 
 
 In this Fryday streete on the west side thereof is a Lane, Pagej47 
 commonly called Mayden Lane, or Distaffe Lane, corruptly 
 for Distar lane, which runneth west into the old Exchange : 
 and in this lane is also one other lane, on the south side 
 thereof, likewise called Distar lane, which runneth downe to 
 Knightriders street, or olde Fishstreete : and so be the boundes 
 of this whole ward. 
 
 Monumentes to be noted here, first at Breadstreet corner 
 the north East end, 1595. of Thomas Tomlinson causing in the 
 high streete of Cheape a Vaulte to be digged, and made, there 
 was found at fifteene foote deepe, a fayre pauement like vnto A fayre paued 
 that aboue ground, and at the further end at the chanell, was ^j foote d'eepe 
 founde a tree sawed into fiue steppes, which was to steppe i" Cheape 
 ouer some brooke running out of the west towardes Walbrooke, 
 and vpon the edge of the saide Brooke, as it seemeth, there 
 were found lying along the bodies of two great trees, the endes 
 whereof were then sawed off, and firme timber as at the first 
 when they fell, parte of the sayde trees remayne yet in the 
 ground vndigged. It was all forced ground, vntill they went 
 past the trees afore sayde, which was about seuenteene foote 
 deepe or better, thus much hath the grounde of this Cittie in 
 that place beene raysed from the mayne. 
 
 Next to be noted, the most beautiful frame of fayre houses 
 and shoppes, that bee within the Walles of London, or else where 
 in Endand, commonly called Goldsmithes Rowe, betwixt Goldsmithes 
 
 „ . ^, , ■ • 1 • ^1 • row in Chepe. 
 
 Bredstreet end & the Crosse m Cheape, but is withm this 
 
 Bredstreete warde, the same was builded by Thomas Wood 
 Goldsmith, one of the shiriffes of London, in the yeare 1491. 
 It contayneth in number tenne fayre dwelling houses, and 
 foureteene shoppes, all in one frame, vniformely builded foure 
 stories high, bewtified towardes the streete with the Gold- 
 smithes armes and the likenes of woodmen, in memory of his 
 name, riding on monstrous beasts, all which is cast in lead, 
 richly painted ouer and gilt, these he gaue to the Goldsmithes 
 with stockes of money to be lent to yong men, hauing those 
 
546 
 
 Bredstreete warde 
 
 Watheiing 
 streete. 
 
 Knightriders 
 streete. 
 
 Fishmarket 
 called old Fish 
 streete. 
 
 Bred streete. 
 
 Parish church 
 of Alhallowes 
 Bredstreete. 
 
 shops, &c. This saide Front was againe new painted and 
 guilt ouer, in the yeare 1594. Sir Richard Martin being then 
 Mayor, and keeping his Mayoralty in one of them, seruing out 
 the time of Cutbert Buckle from the second of July, till the 
 28. of October. | 
 
 Then for Watheiing streete, which Z^jj/i^awrfcalleth Atheling 
 or Noble streete : but since he sheweth no reason why, 
 I rather take it to be so named of the great high way of the 
 same calling. True it is, that at this present, the inhabitants 
 thereof are wealthy Drapers, retailors of woollen cloathes 
 both broad and narrow, of all sorts, more then in any one 
 streete of this citie. 
 
 Of the old Exchaunge, I haue noted in Faringdon Warde : 
 wherefore I passe downe to Knightrider street, whereof I 
 haue also spoken in Cordwainer streete Warde, but in this 
 part of the said Knightridei's streete is a fishmarket kept, and 
 therefore called old Fishstreet, for a difference from new 
 Fishstreete. 
 
 In this old Fishstreete, is one row of small houses, placed 
 along in the middest of Knightriders streete, which rowe is also 
 of Bredstreete Warde : these houses now possessed by Fish- 
 mongers, were at the first but moueablc boordes (or stalles) 
 set out on market daies, to shew their fish there to be sold : 
 but procuring license to set up sheds, they grew to shops, and 
 by little and little, to tall houses, of three or foure stories in 
 height, and now are called Fishstreete. Walter Ttcrke Fish- 
 monger, Mayor 1349. had two shops in old Fishstreete, ouer 
 against saint Nicholas church, the one rented v.s. the yeere, 
 the other iiii. s. 
 
 Bredstreete, so called of bread sold there (as I said) is now 
 wholy inhabited by rich Marchants, and diuers faire Innes 
 bee there, for good receipt of Carriers, and other trauellers to 
 the city. 
 
 On the East side of this streete, at the corner of Watheiing 
 streete, is the proper church of Alhallowes in Bredstreete, 
 wherein are the Monuments of lames Thame Goldsmith, lohn 
 Walpole Goldsmith, 1349. Thomas Beamotmt Alderman, one 
 of the Shirififes, 1442. Robert Basset, Salter, Mayor 1476. Sir 
 Richard Chaury, Salter, Mayor 1509. Sir Thomas Pargitar, 
 
Bredsfreete warde 347 
 
 Salter, Mayor 1530. Henry Sticky, Merchant Taylor, one of 
 the Shiriffes 1541. Richard Reade Alderman, that seruedand 
 was taken prisoner in Scotland, 1542. Robert House one of 
 the Shiriffes, 1589. William Albany, Richard May, and 
 Roger Abdy, Merchant Taylors. 
 
 In the 23. of Henry the eight, the seuenteenth of August, 
 two priests of this church fell at variance, that the one drew 
 bloud of the | other, wherefore the same church was suspended, Page 34^ 
 and no seruice sung or sayd therein for the space of one Church sus- 
 month after, the priestes were committed to prison, and the ^™ ° ' 
 fifteenth of October being inioyned penance, went before 
 a generall procession, bare headed, bare footed, and bare 
 legged, before the children, with beades and bookes in their 
 hands, from Paules through Cheape, Cornehill &c. More to 
 be noted of this church, which had sometime a fayre spired 
 steeple of stone. 
 
 In the yeare 1559. the fift of September, about mid day, 
 fell a great tempest of lightning, with a terrible clap of thunder, 
 which stroke the sayd spire about nine or ten foote beneath SpireofAlhal- 
 the top : out of the which place fell a stone that slew a dog, °^^^ ^^^ '^ 
 and ouerthrew a man that was playing with the dogge. The by tempest. 
 same spire being but little damnified thereby, was shortly after 
 taken downe, for sparing the charges of reparation. On 
 the same side is Salters Hall, with sixe almes houses in Salters Hall. 
 number, builded for poore decayed brethren of that com- 
 pany : This Hall was burned in the yeare 1539. and againe 
 reedified. 
 
 Lower downe on the same side, is the parish church of Saint Parish church 
 ^27^r,?^ the Virgine. The monuments in this church be of "^gj.g'l^gl^^g^ 
 the Lord Trenchaiuit, of Saint Albons, knight, who was supposed 
 to be either the new builder of this church, or best benefactor to 
 the works thereof, about the yeare 1300. and odde ;i — Cornish, 
 gentleman, 131 2. William Palmer, Blader, a great benefactor 
 also, 1356. John Shadworth Mayor 140J. who gaue the 
 parsonage house, a reuestry, and Churchyard to that parish, in 
 the yeare 1428. Notwithstanding, his monument is pulled 
 downe. StepJtkn Bugge Gent, his Armes be three water bugges, 
 1419. Henry Bngge founded a chauntrie there, 1419. Roger 
 1 odde :] certaine, i6jj 
 
348 
 
 Bredstreete warde 
 
 Parson of S. 
 Mildred and 
 his man 
 burned. 
 
 Page 350 
 
 Basing lane 
 called the 
 bakehouse. 
 
 A pole of 40. 
 foote long, & 
 15. inches 
 about, fabuled 
 to be the 
 lusting staffe 
 of Gerrard a 
 Giant. 
 
 Forde Vintoner, 1440. Thomas Barnwell Fishmonger, one of 
 the shiriffes, 1434. Sir lohn Hawlen Clarke, Parson of that 
 Church, who buih the parsonage house newly, after the same 
 had beene burned to the ground, together with the parson and 
 his man also, burned in that fire, 1485. lohn Parnell 15 lo- 
 William Htirstwaight Pewterer to the King, 1526. Christopher 
 Turner Chirurgian to King Henry the eight, 1530; Raph 
 Simonds Fishmonger, one of the Shiriffes, in the yeare 1537. 
 Thomas \ Langham gaue to the poore of that parish foure 
 tenements, 1575. Thomas Hall Sahex, i^iz. Thomas Collins 
 Salter, Alderman. Sir Ambrose Nicholas Salter, Mayor 1575, 
 was buried in sir lohn Shadworihs vault. 
 
 Out of this Bredstreet on the same side, is Basing lane, a part 
 whereof (as is afore shewed) is of this Warde, but how it tooke 
 the name of Basing I haue not red. In the twenteeth yeare of 
 Richard the second, the same was called the Bakehouse: whether 
 ment for the Kings bakehouse, or of bakers dwelling there, and 
 baking bread to serue the market in Bredstreete, where 
 the bread was sold, I know not : but sure I am, I haue not 
 red of Basing, or of Gerrarde the Gyant, to haue any thing 
 there to doe. 
 
 On the South side of this Lane, is one great house, of old 
 time builded vpon Arched Vaultes, and with Arched Gates of 
 stone, brought from Cane in Normandy. The same is now 
 a common Ostrey for receipt of trauellers, commonly and cor- 
 ruptly called Gerrardes hall, of a Gyant sayd to haue dwelled 
 there. In the high rooffed Hall of this house, sometime stoode 
 a large Firre Pole, which reached to the roofe thereof, and was 
 sayd to bee one of the staues that Gerrarde the Gyant vsed 
 in the warres to runne withall. There stoode also a ladder of 
 the same length, which (as they say) serued to ascend to the 
 toppe of the Staffe. Of later yeares this Hall is altered in 
 building, & diuers roomes are made in it. Notwithstanding 
 the Pole is remooued to one corner of the Hall, and the ladder 
 hanged broken, vpon a wall in the yarde. The Hostelar of 
 that house sayde to me, the Pole lacked halfe a foote of fortie 
 in length: I measured the compasse thereof' and found it 
 fifteene inches. Reason of the Pole, could the master of the 
 Hostrey giue me none, but bade me reade the great Chronicles, 
 
Bvedstveete warde 349 
 
 for there he heard of it: Which aunswere seemed to me 
 
 insufficient, for he meant the description of Britaine, for the 
 
 most part drawne out of lohn Leyland his Comentaries, 
 
 (borrowed of myselfe) and placed before Reyn Wolfes Chronicle, 
 
 as the labours of another (who was forced to confesse he neuer 
 
 trauelled further, then from London to the Vniuersity of 
 
 Oxford) he writing a chapter of giants or monstrous men, hath 
 
 set down more | matter then troth, as partly against my will, Pagejsi 
 
 I am enforced here to touch. R. G. in his briefe collection of 
 
 Histories (as he tearmeth it) hath these words. ' I the writer 
 
 hereof, did see the lo. day of March, in the yeare of our Lord R. G. saw a 
 
 1564. & had the same in my hand, the tooth of a man, which thTrame^to'^be 
 
 weighed ten ounces of Troy weight : and the scull of the same a tooth, but be- 
 
 man is extant & to be scene, which will hold fiue pecks of proned'^^st^one 
 
 wheat : and the shin bone of the same man is 6. foote in *^f^ fayled 
 
 both scull and 
 length and of a meruelous greatnes. Thus farre R. G. The shank bone, & 
 
 errour thereof is thus, he afifirmeth a stone to be the tooth of j^ s°"'^'^f ^• 
 
 a man, which stone (so proued) hauing no shape of a tooth, together yet 
 
 had', neither scull or shin bone. Notwithstanding, it is added, ^ another. 
 
 in the sayd description, that by coniecturall simetery of those Gerrards hall 
 
 ,. , , , , n ,- , T- 1 • 1 restored to his 
 
 parts, the body to be ao. foote long or more, rrom this he old name. 
 goeth to another like matter, of a man with a mouth sixteene 
 foote wide, and so to Gerrard the Gyant, & his staffe. But to 
 leaue these fables, & returne where I left, I will note what my 
 selfe hath obserued concerning that house. 
 
 I reade, that lohn Gisors Mayor of London, in the yeare 
 1245. was owner thereof, and that Sir lohn Gisors knight. 
 Mayor of London, and Constable of the Tower, 1311. and 
 diuers others of that name and family since that time owed it. 
 William Gisors was one of the Shiriffes, 1329. More, Mm 
 Gisors had issue, Henry and lohn: which lohn had issue, 
 Thomas. Which Thomas deceasing in the yeare 1350. left 
 vnto his Sonne Thomas, his messuage called Gysors Hall, in Gerrards Hall 
 the parish of S. Mildred in Bredstreet : lohn Gisors made a ^ith G™r^rd 
 Feoffment thereof 1386. &c. So it appeareth that this Gisors *« Giant/and 
 Hall, of late time by corruption hath bin called Gerrards hall, '^^"^^^ ^^^"' 
 for Gisors hall : as Bosomes Inne, for Blossoms Inne, Beuis 
 marks, for Buries markes, Marke Lane, for Marte lane : belliter 
 lane, for belsetters lane : gutter lane, for guthuruns lane : Cry 
 
350 Bredstreete wardc 
 
 church for Christs church : S. Mihel in the quern, for S. Mihcl 
 
 at cornc; and sundry such others. Out of this Gisors hall, at 
 
 the first building thereof, were made diuers arched doors, yet 
 
 to be scene, which seeme not sufficient for any great monster, 
 
 or other then men of common stature to passe through, the 
 
 pole in the hall might be vsed of old time (as then the 
 
 custome was in euery parish) to be set vp in the Summer as 
 
 May-Pole, before the principall house in the Parrish or Streete, | 
 
 Pagers" ^nd to Stand in the hall before the serine, decked with holme 
 
 Euery mans & luy, all the feast of Christmas. The ladder serued for the 
 
 time wl"'"^ decking of the may-pole, and roofe of the hall. Thus much 
 
 decked with for Gisors hall, & for that side of Bredstreet, may suffice. 
 
 in the^winter, Now on the west side of Bredstreet, amongst diuers faire & 
 
 especially at large howses for Merchants, and fayre Innes for passengers, 
 
 had ye one prison house pertayning to the Shiriffes of London, 
 
 Compter in Called the compter in Bredstreet : but in the yeare 1555. the 
 
 Prisoners re- prisoners were remoued from thence, to one other new compter 
 
 movedfromthe in Woodstreet, prouided by the Cities purchase, and builded 
 
 Bredstreet to a for that purpose : the cause of which remoue was this. Ri. 
 
 new Compter HusbancL Pastelar, keeper of this Compter in Bredstreet, being 
 
 m woodstreet. ..^ ,, , ■■ ' t» 
 
 a wilfull and headstrong man, dealt for his owne aduantage, 
 
 hard with the prisoners vnder his charge, hauing also seruants 
 
 such as himselfe liked best for their bad vsage, and would not 
 
 for any complaint be reformed : wherevpon in the yeare 1550. 
 
 Sir Roivland Hill being Mayor, by the assent of a court of 
 
 Keeper of the Aldermen he was sent to the gayle of Newgate, for the cruell 
 
 t^o Newgate.' handling of his prisoners : & it was commaunded to the 
 
 keeper to set those Irons on his legges, which are called the 
 
 widdowes almes : These he ware from thursday, till Sunday 
 
 Quest of in- in the afternoone, and being by a court of Aldermen released, 
 
 Ae'keepefs'^of °" ^^ tuesday, was bound in an hundred markes, to obserue 
 
 the gayles for from thenceforth an act made by the common counsell, for 
 
 vrith their ^pri-'' ^hc ordering of prisoners in the Compters : all which notwith- 
 
 S?°^"; ,. , standing, he continued as afore : whereof my selfe am partly 
 
 They mdight- • c y. ■ rr • ,-. 
 
 ed the bowl- a witnesse : tor bemg of a lury to enquire agamst a Sessions 
 
 mg alleys, &c. Qf Gaile deliuery, in the yeare 1552, we found the prisoners 
 
 hardly dealt withall, for their achates and otherwise, as also 
 
 that theeues and strumpets were there lodged for foure pence 
 
 the night, whereby they might be safe from searches that were 
 
Rredstrede wardc 351 
 
 made abroad: for the which enormities, and other not needfull 
 to be recited, he was indighted at that Session, but did rub 
 it out, and could not be reformed, til this remoue of y" 
 prisoners, for the house in Bredstreet was his own by lease, 
 or otherwise, so that he could not be put from it. Note 
 that Gaylors buying their offices will deale hardly with pitifull 
 prisoners. 
 
 Now in Fryday streete, so called of fishmongers dwelling Friday streete. 
 there, and seruing Frydayes market, on the East side, is a 
 small Parish | church, commonly called S. /. Ettangelist. The Pagejj} 
 monuments therein, be of John Dogget, Merchant Taylor, one of s^^o'hn"^'^'^ 
 of the Shiriffes in the yeare 1509. Sir Christopher Askew, Euangelist. 
 Draper, Maior 1533. Wil. de Auinger, Farrier, was buried Sometime of 
 there in the 34. of Ed. the 3. Then lower downe, is one ^"^ " ^^' 
 other parish church of S. Margaret Moyses, so called (as Parish charch 
 seemeth) of one Moyses, that was founder or new builder Moyses^'^^"'^ 
 thereof. The monuments there, be of sir Ri. Dobbes, Skinner, 
 Mayor 1551. Wil. Dane Ironmonger, one of the Shiriffes, 
 1569. Sir lohn Allot Fishmonger, Mayor, 1591. There was 
 of older time buried, Nicholas Staiies, and Nicholas Braye : 
 they founded chauntries there. 
 
 On the west side of this Fryday street, is Mayden lane, so Mayden lane 
 named of such a signe, or Distaffe lane, for Distar lane, as 
 I reade in record of a brewhouse, called the Lamb in Distar 
 lane, the sixteenth of H. the sixt. In this Distar lane, on the 
 north side thereof, is the Cordwayners, or Shoemakers hall, Cordwainers 
 
 Hall 
 
 which company were made a brotherhood or fraternity, in the 
 eleuenth of Henry the fourth. Of these Cordwayners, I reade, 
 that since the fift of Richard the a. (when he tooke to wife 
 Anne daughter to Vesalans'^ King oi Bohem) by her example 
 the English people had vsed piked shooes, tied to their knees Longpiked 
 with silken laces, or chaynes of siluer and gilt, wherefore in ^jjeTnees! 
 the fourth of Ed. the 4. it was ordayned and proclaimed, that 
 beakes of shoone^ and bootes should not passe the length of two Piked shooes 
 inches, vpon paine of cursing by the Cleargie, and by Parlia- 
 ment to pay XX. s. for euery payre. And euery Cordwayner 
 that shod any man or woman on the Sunday, to pay xxx. s. 
 
 ^ Vesalans\ Wenceslatcs z6jj ; for daughter read sister 
 2 thin 160J, corrected in ' Faultes escaped ' ; shin 1633 
 
352 Bredstveete warde 
 
 On the south side of this Distar lane, is also one other lane, 
 called Distar lane: which runneth downe to Knightriders 
 streete, or old Fishstreet, and this is the end of Bredstreet 
 Warde : which hath an Alderman, his Deputy, Common 
 counsell lo. Constables lo. Scauengers 8. Wardmote inquest 
 13. and a Bedle. It standeth taxed to the fifteene in London, 
 at 37. li. and in the Exchequer at 36. li. 18. s. 2. d. 
 
 END OF VOLUME 1 
 
 Oxford : Printed at the Clarendon Press by Horace Hart, M.A.