As (Hmull Hmtrmitg Jilrj^^tJg THE GIFT OF ^^VJL ..'^AjKAAjuaAA- ^-vvM^feJCL/. .K:^\'^%\-h.. m 678-2 8 f^ % TT/ T^s" \ i MiiH W . N. PKEW. Thksidbnt ROHKRT I'lTCAIBN, Vici: riii:sii.r.NT s. 11. t'fiuutrr. Wiiciti.TAiiT KOAKi> OF TKUS'I KES Office of the Secretary Union Station Pittsburgh, Pa January 6, 1908. Dr. J, Gr. Schuman, President, Cornell UniTersity, Ithaca, N. Y. My dear Sir;- I take very great pleasure in forvmrding to your address todaj/ , for deposit in the library of your institution, a volume just received from the publishers entitled "Memoria.l of the Celetration of the Carnegie Institute at Pittsburg, April 11, 12, and 15, 1507." This book contains a full description of the exercises and addresses which marked the dedication of the new building at Pittsburg last April. Will you kindly ackriowledge receipt. Very truly yours, Secretary. XI The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924032334355 AS36 .P686"" ""'"'''"^ '■'""^ "''^'llilll^linillllMiiM®'^'"^^""" °' '*"« Carnc olin 3 1924 032 334 355 Overs MEMORIAL OF THE CELEBRATION OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE AT PITTSBURGH, PA. APRIL 11, 12, 13 1907 THIS COPY IS ONE OF AN EDITION OF FIFTEEN HUNDRED COPIES PRINTED FROM TYPE DURING NINETEEN HUNDRED AND SEVEN BY 3 33 t-' MEMORIAL OF THE CELEBRATION OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE AT PITTSBURGH, PA. APRIL 11, 12, 13 1907 COMPRISING A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE EXERCISES CONNECTED WITH THE ELEVENTH CELEBRATION OF FOUNDER'S DAY OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE AND OPENING OF THE ENLARGED CARNEGIE LIBRARY BUILDING CONTAINING THE LIBRARY, MUSEUM, MUSIC HALL, AND ART GALLERIES, FOUNDED BY ANDREW CARNEGIE PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES M CM VII Copyright, 1907, by The Board of Trustees of The Carnegie Institute BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE W. N. Frew, President S. H. Church, Secretary Albert J. Barr Edward M. Bigelow John A. Brashear William Brand Hon. Joseph BufBngton John Caldwell S. H. Church George H. Clapp Hon. Josiah Cohen W. N. Frew Hon. George W. Guthrie Durbin Home James F. Hudson John B. Jackson S. C. Jamison Rev. A. A. Lambing William McConway George A. Macbeth Robert Pitcairn, Vice President James H. Reed, T'reasurer Hon. James R. Macfarlane P. A. Manion Andrew W. Mellon C. C. Mellor William Metcalf, Jr. Dr. M. E. O'Brien George T. Oliver Robert Pitcairn Hon. Henry K. Porter Hon. James H. Reed W. L. Scaife Hon. John D. Shafer Charles L. Taylor A. Bryan Wall J. C. Wasson Dr. E. R. Walters John Werner Joseph R. Woodwell LIBRARIAN Anderson H. Hopkins, Ph.B. Librarian Carnegie Library DIRECTORS John W. Beatty, A.M. W J. Holland, LL.D. Director of Fine Arts Director of the Museum A. A. Hamerschlag, Sc.D. Director Carnegie Technical Schools MANAGER CARNEGIE HALL OF MUSIC George H. Wilson SUPERINTENDENT OF BUILDINGS Charles R. Cunningham V Sa. &a OO.. ' III" r>,m— r r~wM , \nii i CONTENTS PAGE Foreword 3 THURSDAY MORNING Address of Mayor Guthrie $2 The Procession 37 THURSDAY AFTERNOON Scripture Lesson ...... Doctor John Rhys 47 Invocation Rev. Doctor E. S. Roberts 49 Letter from President Roosevelt S'^ Address : Andrew Carnegie 54 The Popular Significance of the Carnegie In- stitute 72 His Excellency, Theodor von Moeller Address by M. Paul Doumer 77 vii CONTENTS PAGE The Organization of Peace 78 Baron D'Estournelles de Constant A Review of the Work 89 Samuel Harden Church Announcement of Awards 96 W. N. Frew THURSDAY NIGHT Program of Concert 100 FRIDAY MORNING Reading of Letters of Congratulation 102 FRIDAY AFTERNOON Address: International Cooperation in Zoology . . 267 P. Chalmers Mitchell French Sculpture of the Middle Ages . . . 279 Camille Enlart Dunfermline's Son 290 James Currie Macbeth The Relationship OF Pittsburgh andDunfermline 296 Dr. John Ross The Connection between Science andEngineering 303 Sir William Henry Preece, K.C.B., F.R.S. Development OF ArchitecturalStyle IN Germany 315 E. von Ihne viii CONTENTS PAGE The Solution of a Great Scientific Difficulty 327 Sir Robert S. Ball The German Military Constitution .... 335 His Excellency Lieutenant-General Alfred von Loewenfeld The Mission of an Art Museum 344 Leonce Benedite The Next Step Toward International Peace . 351 William T. Stead The Dunfermline Trust 364 William Robertson FRIDAY NIGHT The Banquet Remarks of S. H. Church 37 1 Telegram from John D. Rockefeller 372 Response from Andrew Carnegie 373 Remarks of W. N. Frew 373 Hon. James H. Reed 374 Andrew Carnegie 379 Baron Edmondo Mayor des Planches . . . 387 General von Loewenfeld 391 Sir Robert Cranston 394 "Maarten Maartens" 397 Poem : The Scottish Guests to Andrew Carnegie . . 401 William Archer ix CONTENTS SATURDAY MORNING FAGB Presentation of Gifts from the German Emperor . 408 Remarks of Chancellor Samuel Black McCormick 412 Conferring of Honorary Degrees 415 Appendix A 425 Gifts of His Imperial Majesty the German Emperor to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Appendix B 447 Thanks to the German Emperor Appendix C 449 Some Jewels Set Together Index 453 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS The Main Building Frontispiece Portrait of Andrew Carnegie facing page 3 Foyer of Auditorium " 32 Souvenir badge worn at Dedication ... " 36 Hall of Music " 46 Grand Stairway, east entrance " 48 Gallery of Vertebrate Paleontology ... " 52 Carnegie Technical Schools (uncompleted) . " 54 Margaret Morrison Carnegie School for Women Children's Department in the Library Gallery of Paintings Porch of St. Gilles, Hall of Architecture Reproduced from the Church of St. Gilles, at Gard, France Pittsburgh Orchestra — Emil Paur, Director xi 62 72 78 88 98 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS A Machine-shop in the Technical Schools . facing page lOO Hall of Bronzes " i^° Kitchen — Margaret Morrison Carnegie School for Women " ^°^ Reference Room in the Library .... " -^-Jo The Reference Library of the Museum . - " •^°" Hall of Sculpture " 280 Illuminated Address from the City of Dun- fermline to the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute " 2,94 Engine Room " ?P^ Hall of Architecture " 3H Gallery of Birds " 336 Hall of Architecture " 344 Gallery of Ethnology " 35° Gallery of Mammals " 3^4 Banquet in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Carnegie " 37^ Hotel Schenley, Friday Evening, April 12, 1907 Gifts presented by His Majesty, William II, German Emperor " 408 Restoration of Diplodocus Carnegiei . . " 410 Preliminarily mounted for presentation to the German Emperor and the President of the French Republic xii MEMORIAL OF THE CELEBRATION OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE AT PITTSBURGH, PA. APRIL 11, 12, 13 1907 i ^'*I^^ JyiJL-^ <-^ vwv\. ^ ^^v^ FOREWORD HE beautiful building standing at the en- trance of Schenley Park, which was dedi- cated to a larger public service on April 11, 12, and 13, 1907, is not only a gift, as the epigraph on the building declares, to "The People of Pittsburgh"; it is, indeed, a gift to America and the world; and the extraordinary atten- tion which the inaugural ceremonies have attracted is the best evidence that in the world's opinion it is the creation of institutions like this which gives real eleva- tion and dignity to any people. The original purpose of Mr. Andrew Carnegie was to found a great library for the use of the community in which his business triumphs had been won. Provision was made for a board of trustees, eighteen in number, nine of whom were chosen by Mr. Carnegie with the power to elect their successors, the other nine being the official representatives of the city of Pittsburgh. In 1890 Mr. Carnegie gave to this Board one million dol- 3 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION lars for the erection of a central building, with branch library buildings; and from time to time he has made large additions to that sum. The Board proceeded to the erection of the central building, which was com- pleted and first dedicated on November 5, 1895. After- ward branch library buildings were put up, until now six of them have been opened. These agencies, with others, such as schools, deposit stations, call stations, home libraries, reading clubs, and the like, make a total of one hundred and seventy centers of activity in li- brary work which have been established, all of which are maintained in their current operations by the city of Pittsburgh. On the night of the dedication of the Library, nearly twelve years ago, when no other thought than the read- ing of books had come into the minds of his auditors, Mr. Carnegie announced that he had determined to in- augurate in association with the Library a Department of Fine Arts, and a Museum, which should find their permanent home within the same building; and he provided a fund of one million dollars for their sup- port. In his speech at that time Mr. Carnegie said : The taste for reading is one of the most precious possessions of life. I would much rather be instru- mental in bringing to the working man or woman this taste than mere dollars. When this Library is sup- ported by the community, as Pittsburgh is wisely to support her Library, all taint of charity is dispelled. Every citizen of Pittsburgh, even the very humblest, now walks into this, his own Library; for the poorest 4 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE laborer contributes his mite indirectly to its support. The man who enters a library is in the best society this world affords; the good and the great welcome him, surround him, and humbly ask to be allowed to become his servants ; and if he himself, from his own earnings, contributes to its support, he is more of a man than before. . , . The newspaper of my native town recently pub- lished a history of the free library in Dunfermline, and it is there recorded that the first books gathered together and opened to the public were the small col- lections of three weavers. Imagine the feelings with which I read that one of these three was my honored father. He founded the first library in Dunfermline, his native town, and his son was privileged to found the last. Another privilege is his — to build a li- brary for the people, here in the community in which he has been so greatly blessed with material success. I have never heard of a lineage for which I would exchange that of the library-founding weaver. We now come to another branch, the Art Gallery and Museum, which the city is not to maintain. These are to be regarded as wise extravagances, for which public revenues should not be given, not as necessaries. These are such gifts as a citizen may bestow upon a community and endow, so that it will cost the city nothing. . . . There remains to notice this Hall [the Hall of Music] in which we are assembled. You know from the public press what has already been arranged, and what the masses of the people are to obtain here. That this Hall can be and will be so managed as to prove a most potent means for refined entertain- ments, and instruction for the people and the devel- 5 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION opment of the musical taste of Pittsburgh, I enter- tain not the slightest doubt, and Goethe's saying should be recalled, that "Straight roads lead from music to everything good." For the administration of these new departments which he had described as "wise extravagances" Mr. Carnegie named a Board consisting of eighteen citizens of Pittsburgh, and added to this number all the mem- bers of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Library, making a strong and resourceful organization of thirty- six representative men, who, after first choosing for their designation in 1896 the title of "The Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Fine Arts and Museum Col- lection Fund," later on, in 1898, exchanged this cum- bersome name for that of "The Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute." In 1903 Mr. Carnegie pro- vided additional funds and placed them in the hands of this larger Board for the erection, maintenance, and control of the Carnegie Technical Schools. Subse- quently, he gave it special funds for the operation of the Hall of Music and for the maintenance of a Train- ing School for Children's Librarians. It was not long before the capacity of the original building was overtaxed by the rapid growth of its col- lections, and as soon as this situation was made known to him, Mr. Carnegie gave his trustees, in addition to the $1,120,000 for the first building, $5,000,000 for its enlargement, and $2,500,000 for the Technical School buildings, besides $9,000,000 as an endowment fund 6 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE for the Carnegie Institute, and about $500,000 for branch libraries, making a total expenditure on his part, at the moment of the second dedication, not counting special sums for exploration and for objects purchased for the Art Gallery and the Museum, of $18,120,000. The whole institution embraces the main Library and its branches, under control of the Board of Trus- tees of the Carnegie Library and maintained by the city of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Fine Arts, the Department of the Museum, the Hall of Music, the Training School for Children's Librarians, and, in sepa- rate buildings, the Carnegie Technical Schools, under the control of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie In- stitute, and maintained by Mr. Carnegie's endowments. The original building was enlarged expressly in order that these departments might have room together for their unrestricted growth, and, by Mr. Carnegie's direc- tion, perpetual assignment has been given to them within the new structm-e, a fair share of the cost of maintenance and operation being paid by the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute out of the endowment income. The institution comprises, therefore, a noble and har- monious group of creations, each one of which seems to be the natural associate and supplement of all the others, housed (excepting the Technical Schools, which are in adjacent halls) , in the building that now stands among the world's great pieces of architecture, and all administered by the two Boards of Trustees with a single purpose of public usefulness. This splendid gift 7 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION with all its stimulating influences seems sure to ex- ercise a cumulative force on the mind of the community, lifting the people up above the material drudgery of our industrial life, here a little and there a little, and each year more and more, until the inspirations which flow from it will touch the remotest corners of our social body. With this benefaction in their hands, Mr. Carnegie's trustees felt that the opportunity for doing useful work was not confined to their own community, but that the influence of these institutions of literature, science, art, education, and music would be world-wide; and they determined to signalize the opening of the enlarged building by a commemoration which should possess in- ternational interest and value. From the moment of the first inauguration it had been the annual custom of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute (embracing the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Library) to celebrate as Founder's Day the first Thursday in November, and already ten such observances had occurred. The character of the men participating in these annual Founder's Day functions, including two who had occupied the office of President of the United States, and other speakers almost equally renowned, had made the Founder's Day celebration one of the most notable platform occasions occurring in America. It would be difficult indeed to surpass the standard already attained in these past years. But through the active cooperation of the entire membership of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute a celebration was planned which was in- 8 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE tended to be entirely worthy of so important an occa- sion; and when the invitations were ready they were sent to those men andr women who have won the most distinction in performing their share of work, repre- senting substantial achievements in science, art, litera- ture, and statesmanship throughout the world. Partic- ular care was taken to include those men who had performed signal service in promoting the principles of peace by arbitration as against the brutal arbitra- ments of war. The celebration fell at a time when parliaments and universities were in session, when journalists feared to leave their papers, when painters were executing important commissions, when affairs were holding other people at their work. In some cases age placed its barriers before the feet of those who longed to come, and, again, death overtook more than one of those who had accepted. Yet the roll of those who did attend is representative of the best thought and action of our present civilization. The list for America included nearly all of her distinguished men and women in every rank and profession, but only the names of those who were present are given here. A complete list of the guests invited from outside the United States is given, and those who attended from foreign countries are marked with an asterisk : AMERICA Mr. Frank E. Alden, Architect of the Carnegie Institute and Library Mr. Alfred B. Harlow, Architect of the Carnegie Institute and Library 9 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Mr. William S. Aldrich, Director Thomas S. Clarkson Memorial School of Technology Mr. John W. Alexander, Painter Dr. F. W. Atkinson, President Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute Mr. Herman Balz, Special Correspondent "Cologne Gazette" Hon. Richard Bartholdt, Member of Congress Hon. James A. Beaver, Ex-Governor and Justice of the Su- perior Court of Pennsylvania Dr. Hill McClelland Bell, Vice-Chancellor Drake University Mr. James Bertram Dr. John S. Billings, Director New York Public Library Dr. Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Commissioner United States Bureau of Education Dr. H. C. Bumpus, Director American Museum of Natural History Mr. George W. Cable, Author Dr. W. W. Campbell, Director Lick Observatory Mr. T. Morris Carnegie, Treasurer Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Mr. John H. Chapin, Art Editor "Scribner's Magazine" Rear-Admiral Colby M. Chester, United States Navy- Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke, Director Metropolitan Museum of Art Dr. Edwin B. Craighead, President Tulane University of Louisiana Dr. William H. Crawford, President Allegheny College Prof. William Morris Davis, Professor of Geology, Har- vard University Dr. George H. Denny, President Washington and Lee University Mr. J. S. Dickerson, Editor "The Standard" Dr. Henry S. Drinker, President Lehigh University Brigadier-General William P. Duvall, United States Army Prof. David Emmert, Juniata College Dr. Edwin A. Engler, President Worcester Polytechnic In- stitute lo THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Prof. Thomas C. Evans, Dean Medical Faculty, University of Kentucky Mr. C. Norman Fay Dr. John H. Finley, President College of the City of New York Mr. William Henry Fox, Director John Herron Art Institute Mr. Robert A. Franks Mr. W. M. R. French, Director Art Institute of Chicago Dr. H. B. Frissell, President Hampton Normal and Agri- cultural Institute Mr. J. H. Gest, Director Cincinnati Museum Association Mr. Richard Watson Gilder, Editor "Century Magazine" Mr. Benjamin Ives Gilman, Director Boston Museum of Fine Arts Prof. Frederick A. Goetze, Columbia University, New York City Dr. William H. Goodyear, Art Director Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences Mr. A. H. Griffith, Director Detroit Museum of Art Dr. Arthur T. Hadley, President Yale University Dr. G. Stanley Hall, President Clark University Dr. Richard D. Harlan, President Lake Forest University Dr. I. Minis Hays, Secretary American Philosophical Society Miss Helen W. Henderson, Special Correspondent "Phila- delphia Inquirer" Mr. John G. Heywood, Director Worcester Art Museum Mr. Arthur Hoeber, Art Critic and Painter; Special Corre- spondent "Boston Transcript" Dr. L. E. Holden, President University of Wooster Mr. Joseph A. Holmes, United States Geological Survey Mr. Franklin W. Hooper, Director Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences Dr. W. T. Hornaday, Director New York Zoological Park Mr. Henry Hornbostel, Architect Carnegie Technical Schools Dr. Charles Sumner Howe, President Case School of Applied Science Dr. E. J. James, President University of Illinois 11 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Mr. Charles Sears Kates Dr. I. C. Ketler, President Grove City College Mr. Alexander King Dr. Henry C. King, President Oberlin College Mr. Theodore W. Koch, Librarian University of Michigan Mr. Henry E. Krehbeil, Musical Critic "New York Tribune" Mr. Charles M. Kurtz, Director Buffalo Academy of Fine Arts Dr. Henry Lefavour, President Simmons College Mr. F. A. Lucas, Chief Curator Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences Dr. Flavel S. Luther, President Trinity College Mr. Hamilton Wright Mabie, Editor "The Outlook" Mr. S. S. McClure, Editor "McClure's Magazine" Dr. Thomas McClelland, President Knox College Dr. S. B. McCormick, Chancellor Western University of Pennsylvania Dr. Henry M. MacCracken, Chancellor New York Uni- versity Dr. George Grant McCurdy, Professor Ethnology, Yale University Dr. W J McGee, Director St. Louis Public Museum Dr. F. W. McNair, President Michigan College of Mines Mr. Gari Melchers, Painter Mr. Daniel Merriman, President Worcester Art Museum Mrs. Annie Nathan Meyer, Special Correspondent "Harper's Weekly" Dr. James D. Moffat, President Washington and Jefferson College Mr. Thomas L. Montgomery, State Librarian of Pennsyl- vania Mr. Harrison S. Morris, Editor "Lippincott's Magazine" Mr. F. W. Morton, Editor "Brush and Pencil" Dr. Charles W. Needham, President George Washington University Mr. George C. Palmer, Architect Carnegie Technical Schools Dr. Samuel Plantz, President Lawrence University 12 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Mr. Edward Porrit, American Correspondent "Glasgow Herald" Mr. Frederick B. Pratt, Secretary Pratt Institute Mr. David C. Preyer, Editor "The Collector" Dr. Henry S. Pritchett, President Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mr. Edward W. Redfield, Painter Dr. George Edward Reed, President Dickinson College Dr. Ira Remsen, President Johns Hopkins University Mr. Joseph G. Rosengarten, President Philadelphia Free Library Dr. Nathan C. SchaefFer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Pennsylvania Mr. J. G. Schmidlapp, Financier and Philanthropist Dr. Jacob G. Schurman, President Cornell University Mr. Charles M. Schwab, Manufacturer and Philanthropist Dr. S. F. Scovel, late President Wooster University Dr. Samuel Sheldon, President American Institute of Elec- trical Engineers Dr. W. F. Slocum, President Colorado College Dr. Charles Sprague Smith, Managing Director People's Institute, New York Mr. Charles Stewart Smith, late President New York Cham- ber of Commerce Mr. William R. Smith, Superintendent National Botanic Gardens, Washington Dr. Winthrop E. Stone, President Purdue University Mr. J. F. Thomas Prof. Dwinel F. Thompson, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Mr. John Thompson, Secretary Carnegie Fund Committee, Philadelphia Dr. Charles F. Thwing, President Western Reserve University Mr. George Vanderhoef Mr. G. D. Waetzholdt, Imperial German Consulate Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secretary Smithsonian Institution Dr. Booker T. Washington, President Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute Dr. William H. Welch, Johns Hopkins University 13 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Mr. George Westinghouse Mr. Joseph Wharton Mr. Henry D. Whitfield, Architect Mr. Arthur Willert, American Correspondent "London Times" Dr. R. S. Woodward, President Carnegie Institution of Washington ARGENTINE REPUBLIC Dr. Manuel Quintana, President of Argentine Republic Senor Don Epifanio Portela, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States Dr. Florentino Ameghino, Director of the National Museum, Buenos Aires AUSTRALIA Mr. Henry C. L. Anderson, Librarian Public Library of New South Wales Mr. James S. Battye, Librarian Victoria Public Library of Western Australia AUSTRIA-HUNGARY Mr. Ladislaus Hegelmiiller von Hengervar, Ambassador Ex- traordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States Count Albert Apponyi, Minister of Public Instruction Mr. Albert de Berzeviczy, Member of Hague Court of Arbitration Dr. Emil Frida ("Jaroslav Vrchlicky"), Professor of Litera- ture, Karl Ferdinand University, Prague Dr. Julius Hann, Professor of Physics, University of Vienna Privy Councilor Prof. Dr. Hans Hofer, Geologist and Paleontologist Dr. Heinrich Lammasch, Professor of Jurisprudence, Uni- versity of Vienna Dr. Franz Steindachner, Director of the K. K. Naturhistori- sches Hofmuseum, Vienna Dr. Arminius Vambery, Traveler and Orientalist THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE BELGIUM *Baron Moncheur, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- potentiary to the United States Mr. A. M. F. Beernaert, Member Hague Court of Arbitration Baron Edouard Descamps, Minister of State, Professor of International Law, University of Louvaine Baron Lambermont, Member of Hague Court of Arbitration Mr. Maurice Maeterlinck, Author Mr. Polydore de Paepe, Statesman Dr. Max Rooses, Curator of the Plantin-Moretus Museum, Antwerp Mr. Emile Verhaeren, Poet BOLIVIA Sefior Don Ignacio Calderon, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- ister Plenipotentiary to the United States BRAZIL Senor Joaquim Nabuco, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States Dr. E. M. Goeldi, Director of the Museu Goeldi, Para Dr. Joao B. de Lacerda, Director of the Museo Nacional Dr. Manoel Cicero Peregrino da Silva, Director National Library BULGARIA Mr. Stoyan Daneff, Member Hague Court of Arbitration Mr. Dimitri StanciofF, Member Hague Court of Arbitration CANADA Earl Grey, Governor General of Canada *Dr. Henry T. Bovey, Dean of Faculty of Applied Science, McGill University Dr. William Henry Drummond, Poet and Author Sir Sandford Fleming, Engineer Mr. Phineas Gagnon, Bibliographer and Collector of Canadiana MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION *Dr. John Galbraith, Dean of Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Toronto University Mr. Charles H. Gould, Librarian of McGill University Sir William Christopher McDonald, Governor of McGill University *Dr. William Peterson, Vice-Chancellor McGill University Mr. Goldwin Smith, Historian CHILE Senor Don Joaquim Walker-Martinez, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States Senor C. Silva Cruz, Minister of Public Instruction Don Juan Madrid CHINA Sir Chentung Liang-Cheng, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- ister Plenipotentiary to the United States COLOMBIA Senor Don Diego Mendoza, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- ister Plenipotentiary to the United States COSTA RICA *Senor Don Joaquim Bernardo Calvo, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States CUBA *Senor Don Gonzalo de Quesada, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States DENMARK Mr. Constantin Brun, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States Prof. Dr. Georg Brandes, Historian and Critic, University of Copenhagen Prof. Dr. H. Matzen, Statesman, and Member of Hague Court of Arbitration 16 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC *Senor Don Emilio C. Joubert, Minister Resident in the United States ECUADOR Seiior Don Luis Felipe Carbo, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States FRANCE Mr. J. J. Jusserand, Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- potentiary to the United States Prof. Dr. Antonie Henri Becquerel, Membre de I'Academie des Sciences; Discoverer of the "Becquerel Rays" *Dr. Leonce Benedite, Director Musee du Luxembourg Prof. Dr. Marcellin Boule, Paleontologist of the Museum of Natural History, Jardin des Plantes Dr. Leon Victor Auguste Bourgeois, President of the Cham- ber of Deputies Mr. Paul Bourget, Membre de I'Academie Frangaise; Author and Critic Prof. Dr. Ferdinand Brunetiere, Membre de I'Academie Frangaise; Director of the "Revue des Deux Mondes" Mr. Jules Claretie, Membre de I'Academie Frangaise ; Author *Baron d'Estournelles de Constant, Publicist; Member of the French Senate and of the Hague Court of Arbitration Madame Dr. Curie, Physicist and Chemist Mr. Theophile Delcasse, Late Minister of Foreign Affairs *Dr. Paul Doumer, late Governor General of Cochin China *Dr. Camille Enlart, Director of the Trocadero Museum Mr. Jacques Anatole Thibault France, Membre de I'Acade- mie Frangaise ; Author Mr. J. Th. Homolle, Membre de I'Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres; Directeur de I'Ecole du Louvre Mr. M. de Laboulaye, Statesman; Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration Prof. Anatole Le Roy-Beaulieu, College de France Mr. J. E. F. Massenet, Composer 17 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Prof. Henri Moissan, Membre de I'Institut; Professor of Chemistry, University of Paris *Mr. Jules Rais, Archivist Mr. Louis Renault, Statesman; Membre de 1' Academic des Sciences Morales et Politiques Mr. Auguste Rodin, Sculptor Mr. Edmond Rostand, Membre de I'Academie Frangaise; Dramatist and Author Mr. Camille Saint-Saens, Composer GERMANY Baron Speck von Sternberg, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States *His Excellency Lieutenant-General Alfred von Loewenfeld, LL.D., Adjutant-General to his Majesty the Emperor *His Excellency Theodor von Moeller, LL.D., Staatsminister *Dr. Friedrich S. Archenhold, Director Treptow Observatory Privy Councilor Prof. Dr. Karl L. v. Bar, Jurist and Author His Excellency Privy Councilor Dr. Wilhelm Bode, Director-General of the Royal Museums *Colonel Gustav Dickhuth, LL.D., Lecturer on Military Science to the Royal Household Privy Councilor Dr. Emil Fischer, Professor of Chemistry, University of Berlin Mr. M. de Frantzius, Member of Hague Court of Arbitration Dr. Arnim Graesel, Chief Librarian of the Royal Library, Gottingen Prof. Dr. Adolph Harnack, Director in Chief of the Royal Library Mr. Gerhart Hauptmann, Poet Dr. Paul J. L. Heyse, Author and Novelist Dr. Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff, Honorary Professor of Chemistry, University of Berlin *Dr. Ernst von Ihne, LL.D., Hof-Architekt Sr. Maj. d. Kaisers Privy Councilor Prof. Dr. Robert Koch, Bacteriologist 18 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE *Dr. Reinhold Koser, LL.D., Principal Director of the Prussian State Archives Mr. Ferdinand v. Martitz, Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration His Excellency Count Posadowsky-Wehner, Staatsminister Privy Councilor Prof. Dr. Wilhelm K. Rontgen, Discoverer of the Rontgen Rays; Professor of Physics, University of Munich Dr. Peter Rosegger, Author *Prof. Dr. Fritz Schaper, Sculptor Judge Dr. Ernst Friedrich Sieveking, Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration Mr. Herman Sudermann, Author Privy Councilor Anton von Werner, Historical Painter; Di- rector of the School of Pictorial Arts, Berlin GREAT BRITAIN Rt. Hon. James Bryce, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States Mr. Edwin A. Abbey, R.A., Painter Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, R.A., Painter *Mr. William Archer, Author and Critic Major-General Sir John Charles Ardagh, Statesman Mr. Alfred Austin, Poet Laureate Rt. Hon. Arthur J. Balfour, Statesman Lord Balfour of Burleigh, Statesman *Sir Robert S. Ball, Director of Cambridge Observatory Mr. James M. Barrie, Author *Dr. C. F. Moberly Bell, Manager "The Times" Dr. George Earle Buckle, Editor "The Times" Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Statesman Lord Hugh R. H. Cecil, Statesman Mr. Sidney Colvin, Keeper of Prints and Drawings, British Museum *Sir Robert Cranston, late Lord Provost of Edinburgh Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Statesman Sir George H. Darwin, F.R.S., Astronomer. 19 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Sir James Dewar, F.R.S., Physicist and Chemist Mr. Robert Donald, Journalist and Author Mr. James Donaldson, Vice-Chancellor of the University of St. Andrews Prof. Edward Dowden, University of Dublin *Sir Edward Elgar, Composer Dr. Charles Harding Firth, Regius Professor of Modern His- tory, Oxford Dr. Henry O. Forbes, Director of Museums, Liverpool Rt. Hon. Sir Edward Fry, Statesman Sir Archibald Geikie, F.R.S., Secretary to the Royal Society Dr. Edmund Gosse, Poet; Librarian to the House of Lords Dr. Thomas Hardy, Author Mr. Frederic Harrison, Jurist and Author; Vice-President Royal Historical Society Mr. William Hill, Journalist Sir William Huggins, Astronomer; President of the Royal Society Lord Kelvin, Physicist ; President Royal Society of Edin- burgh Dr. Rudyard Kipling, LL.D., Author Dr. Andrew Lang, D.Litt., Author Very Rev. John Marshall Lang, LL.D., Vice-Chancellor and Principal Aberdeen University Sir Edwin Ray Lankester, LL.D., F.R.S., Director of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Mr. Richard Lydekker, F.R.S., Zoologist and Paleontologist Admiral Sir Francis Leopold McClintock, Arctic Explorer *Mr. James Currie Macbeth, Provost of Dunfermline Rt. Hon. Sir Edward Baldwin Malet, Statesman Sir George Meredith, Author *Dr. P. Chalmers Mitchell, F.R.S., Secretary Zoological So- ciety of London Vice-Admiral Sir George S. Nares, Arctic Explorer Dr. W. Q. Orchardson, R.A., Painter *Sir William Henry Preece, F.R.S., Consulting Engineer to the G. P. O. and Colonies 20 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Sir Edward J. Poynter, President of the Royal Academy *Dr. John Rhys, Principal of Jesus College, University of Oxford *Dr. Ernest S. Roberts, Vice-Chancellor Cambridge University *Mr. William Robertson, Member Dunfermline Trust The Earl of Rosebery, Statesman and Author *Dr. John Ross, Chairman Dunfermline Trust Dr. John S. Sargent, R.A., Painter Mr. Clement K. Shorter, Editor "The Sphere" The Earl of Southesk, Author and Antiquarian Mr. J. Alfred Spender, Editor "The Westminster Gazette" *Dr. William T. Stead, Editor "Review of Reviews" Very Rev. Robert Herbert Story, D.D., LL.D., Principal of Glasgow University Mr. J. St. Loe Strachey, Editor "The Spectator" Mr. Algernon Charles Swinburne, Poet and Author Sir Edward Maunde Thompson, Director and Principal Librarian, British Museum Sir William Turner, F.R.S., LL.D., D.C.L., Principal of Edinburgh University Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace, LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., Author and Naturalist Baron Weardale, Statesman Dr. John Westlake, Professor of International Law, Cam- bridge University Sir William Henry White, F.R.S., LL.D., D.Sc, Naval Architect and Engineer Dr. Henry Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., President Paleonto- graphical Society; late Keeper of Geology, British Museum GREECE Mr. Dimitrios Bikelas, Historian and Author Mr. Panagiotis Kavvadias, Dean of University of Athens, and Director of the National Museum Dr. Michael Kebedgy, Prof. Extr. of International Law, University of Berne, Switzerland 21 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Mr. Spyridon P. Lampros, Author and Historian Mr. Denys Stephanos, Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration Mr. George Streit, Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration GUATEMALA Senor Don Jorge Munoz, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States HAITI Mr. J. N. Leger, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- potentiary to the United States INDIA Syed Ameer Ali, Judge of his Majesty's High Court of Judi- cature, Fort William, Bengal, 1890—1904; Author and Statesman Romesch Chunder Dutt, C.I.E., Lecturer on Indian History, University College, London ; Statesman and Author ITALY *Baron Edmondo Mayor des Planches, Ambassador Extraor- dinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States Signor Edmondo de Amicis, Traveler and Author Prof. Dr. Guido Biagi, Chief Librarian Biblioteca Riccardi- ana, Florence Chevalier Giuseppe Biancheri, Statesman ; Member of Hague Court of Arbitration Signor Giacomo Boni, Archseologist Senator Dr. Domenico Comparetti, Professor in R. Accade- mia dei Lincei Commander Jean Baptiste Pagano Guarnaschelli, Member of Hague Court of Arbitration Commendatore Rodolfo Lanciani, Archaeologist; Professor of Ancient Topography, University of Rome THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Chevalier Dr. Guglielmo Marconi, Electrical Engineer; In- ventor of System of Wireless Telegraphy Senator Count Costantino Nigra, Statesman; Member of the R. Accademia dei Lincei Madame Matilde Serao, Novelist and Journalist Signor Giovanni Verga, Novelist and Dramatist Count Tornielli Brusati di Vergano, Statesman; Member of Hague Court of Arbitration JAPAN Viscount Siuzo Aoki, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States Mr. Henry Willard Denison, Member Hague Court of Arbitration Baron Dr. Kentaro Kaneko, Statesman; Member of the House of Peers Mr. I. Motono, Statesman; Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration Mr. Kakasu Okakura, Archaeologist ; Director of Nippon Bijitsuin, Tokio Baron Dr. Kencho Suyematsu, late Minister of Education and Interior ; Author Mr. Kogoro Takahira, late Envoy Extraordinary and Min- ister Plenipotentiary to the United States MEXICO Sefior Don Joaquin D. Casasus, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States Sefior Manuel de Aspiroz, Member Hague Court of Arbitration Senor Alfred Chavero, Publicist Sefior Jose M. Gamboa, Statesman ; Member Hague Court of Arbitration Senor Jose Maria Iglesias, Publicist and Historian Sefior Genan Raigosa, Statesman ; Member Hague Court of Arbitration Senor Justo Sierra, Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts 23 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION NETHERLANDS * Jonkheer R. de Marees van Swinderen, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States Prof. Dr. T. M. C. Asser, Professor International Law, Uni- versity of Leiden Jonkheer G. L. M. H. Ruys de Beerenbrouck, Member Hague Court of Arbitration Jonkheer A. P. C. van Karnebeek, Statesman Dr. F. B. Connick Liefstring, Member Hague Court of Arbitration Jonkheer A. F. de Savonini Lohman, Member Hague Court of Arbitration *Dr. Joost Marius Willem Van der Poorten-Schwartz ("Maarten Maartens"), Author Prof. Dr. Hugo de Vries, University of Amsterdam Prof. Dr. Pieter Zeeman, Physicist, University of Amster- dam NICARAGUA *Senor Don Luis F. Corea, Diplomatist ; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States NORWAY Mr. Christian Hauge, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States Mr. Samuel Ludwig Annerstedt, Member of Hague Court of Arbitration Mr. Bjornstjerne Bjornson, Poet, Dramatist, Novelist Mr. M. G. Gram, Statesman Mr. Edward Grieg, Composer Mr. George Francis Hagerup, Statesman Mr. Fridtjof Nansen, Arctic Explorer Dr. Hans H. Reusch, Director of the Geological Survey PANAMA Senor Don J. Domingo de Obaldia, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States 24 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE PARAGUAY Sefior Don Cecelio Baez, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States PERSIA General Monteza, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States PERU Mr. Felipe Pardo, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States POLAND Count Stanislaus Tarnovski, Professor University of Cracow ; Historian PORTUGAL Viscount de Alte, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States Senhor Joaquim Theophilo Braga, Professor of Literature, Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisbon Senhor Antonio Emilio Correia de Sa Brandao, Publicist Senhor Luiz Frederico de Bivas Gorna de Costa, Statesman Senhor Antonio Ennes, Librarian of the National Library- Count de Macedo, Professor of Higher Mathematics, Escola Polytechnica, Lisbon Senhor Fernando Mattoso Santos, Statesman ROUMANIA Mr. Jean Kalindern, President Academia Romana, Bucharest; Historian Mr. Jean N. Lahovari, Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration Mr. Theodore Rosetti, Statesman; Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration Mr. Eugene Statesco, Publicist 25 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION RUSSIA Baron Rosen, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten- tiary to the United States Mr. E. V. Frisch, Statesman; Privy Councilor, Member Hague Court of Arbitration Mr. Frederick de Martens, Privy Councilor; Hon. Professor of International Law, University of St. Petersburg Mr. Dimitri Ivanovitch MendeleefF, Scientist. (This illus- trious scholar accepted the invitation, but died while mak- ing preparations to come to America.) Dr. Nikolai Konstantinovitch Mikhailovski, Author and Critic Mr. N. V. Muravieff , Statesman ; Minister of Justice Mr. M. Ostrogorski, Publicist and Author Very Reverend C. P. PobiedonostsefF, Procurator of the Holy Synod; Privy Councilor, Member of the Council of State. (Died after accepting.) Count Leo Tolstoi, Novelist and Social Reformer SERVIA Mr. Glicha Geschitsch, Statesman; Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration Dr. Milovan Milovanovitsch, Publicist Mr. George Pavlovitch, Statesman Dr. Milanki Vesnitch, Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration SIAM Mr. Edward Henry Strobel, Professor International Law, Harvard College Mr. Phya Akharaj Varadhara, Diplomatist SPAIN Senor Don Bernardo Jacinto de Cologan, Envoy Extraordi- nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States Senor Manuel Torres Campos, Statesman Senor Jose Echegaray, Author Senor Bienvenido Oliver, Statesman 26 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Duke d'Almodovar del Rio, Statesman Senor Armando Palacio Valdes, Author Senor Rominuelo F. Villaverde, Statesman SWEDEN Mr. A. Grip, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- tentiary to the United States Prof. Dr. Svante August Arrhenius, Physicist Dr. Christopher Per Olaf Aurivillius, Secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Mr. Verner von Heidenstam, Poet and Novelist Miss Selma Lagerlof, Novelist Dr. Gustav de Laval, Engineer and Inventor Prof. Dr. N. O. G. Nordenskjold, Antarctic Explorer and Author Mr. S. R. D. K. d'Olivcrona, Statesman Mr. Gustav Sundbarg, Statistician and Economist SWITZERLAND Mr. Leo Vogel, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- tentiary to the United States Mr. Charles Hilty, Professor International Law^, University of Berne Mr. Charles Lardy, Member Hague Court of Arbitration Dr. George Lunge, Professor of Chemistry in the Polytech- nicum, Zurich Mr. Emile Rott, Member of the Hague Court of Arbitration Dr. Joseph Viktor Widmann, Editor and Author TURKEY Chekib Bey, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- tentiary to the United States URUGUAY Senor Dr. Eduardo Acevedo Diaz, Publicist VENEZUELA Senor Dr. Rafael Garbinas Guzman, Statesman 27 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION When these guests were assembled, the following program was arranged for their information and guid- ance: THURSDAY, APRIL 11, 1907 9.45 a.m. The President of the Board of Trustees, Mr. William N. Frew, will welcome the guests in the Founder's Room. 10.30 a.m. Municipal reception to visiting guests by the Mayor of Pitts- burgh, Hon. George W. Guthrie, and Mrs. Guthrie, in the Foyer. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Carnegie will assist. The President of the Board of Trustees, assisted by Mrs. Frew, will present the guests. This reception will be followed by an inspection of the Library, Museum, and Galleries of Fine Arts, including the International Annual Exhibition of Paintings. 12.00 noon. Guests may go to their domiciles for luncheon, and to prepare for the later functions of the day. 1.30 p.m. Academic procession from the Hotel Schenley to the Car- negie Institute, under escort of the Faculty and Students of the Carnegie Technical Schools. Those who are entitled to wear academic dress are requested to do so. 2.00 p.m. Dedication of the New Building by exercises in the Hall of Music. The President of the Board of Trustees will preside. 3.00 p.m. The Building will be thrown open to the general public, ex- cept the Hall of Music and the Foyer, admission to which will be by ticket. 28 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE 4.00 p.m. Upon the conclusion of the exercises in the Hall of Music, guests will be invited to spend the time until five o'clock in the various halls of the Building. 5.00 p.m. Guests will be given an opportunity to go to their domiciles. 8.15 p.m. Concert of the Pittsburgh Orchestra, conducted by Mr. Emil Paur. Sir Edward Elgar, of London, will be present, and, upon invitation of Mr. Paur and the Orchestra Committee, will conduct one of his own compositions. FRIDAY, APRIL 12, 1907 9.30 a.m. The members of the Board of Trustees who compose the Technical Schools Committee will welcome the guests at the Carnegie Technical Schools, and conduct them on a tour of the school buildings. 10.30 a.m. to 12.00 noon. Presentation of addresses from universities, colleges, and kindred institutions, by their delegates, in the Hall of Music. The President of the Board of Trustees will preside. (Note : Academic dress.) 12.00 noon. Drive in automobiles through the parks and around the boulevards of Pittsburgh. A stop will be made at the Pitts- burgh Country Club for luncheon. 2.00 p.m. Addresses by distinguished guests in the Hall of Music, and possibly in one or more of the other halls. The President of the Board of Trustees will preside. 29 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION 4.00 to 5.00 p.m. Tea for the ladies at the Margaret Morrison Carnegie School for Women. 5.00 p.m. Guests may repair to their homes for rest. 7.00 p.m. Banquet at Hotel Schenley by the Trustees in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Carnegie and the invited guests, including the ladies of the party. SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 1907 10.00 to 11.00 a.m. Conferring of honorary degrees on foreign guests by the Western University of Pennsylvania, in the Hall of Music. The Chancellor of the University will preside. (Note: Academic dress.) 11.30 a.m. Leave Hotel Schenley by trolley-cars to Brown's Landing (Homestead Bridge), Monongahela River. 12.00 noon to 5.00 p.m. Boat ride on the Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, giving a view of "Industrial Pittsburgh." Visit to Homestead Steel Works of the Carnegie Steel Company. Luncheon to be served on the boat. BADGE White Ribbon . . signifies Foreign Guest Red Ribbon .... signifies .... American Guest Blue Ribbon . . . signifies . . Carnegie Institute 30 -^vvv /^r7\ THURSDAY MORNING jT ten o'clock on Thursday morning the doors of the great building were thrown open for the first time, and the trustees, together with their American and foreign guests, all wearing the souvenir silver badge which had been prepared for the occasion, as- sembled in the Founder's Room, where the guests were presented to Mr. W. N. Frew, the president of the Board of Trustees. Immediately afterward the trustees escorted their guests to the grand foyer, where a thousand electric lights illuminated that beautiful apartment with its massive columns of Tinos marble, and the gilded roof threw back the lights upon an ani- mated scene. At a central point in the foyer stood the Honorable George W- Guthrie, mayor of Pittsburgh, with Mrs. Guthrie, and beside them were Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Carnegie. When all were assembled. Mayor Guthrie delivered the following address of welcome : 31 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Ladies and Gentlemen: It is my very pleasant duty as chief executive of the city of Pittsburgh to extend to you a hearty welcome, and to give expression to the appreciation by the people of this city of your kindness in coming here to assist us in the dedication of the enlarged Carnegie Institute, of which we are justly proud, and from which we expect so much good to all within the reach of its influence. It is indeed a great honor to us that you, who have already earned honorable recognition for your distin- guished public services in the various departments to which you have devoted your lives, many of you rep- resenting great institutions, some of them venerable with age, and all of them loved and honored for their services in the uplifting of humanity, should come so far to welcome us as fellow-laborers, and wish us God- speed in our work. It is a very striking expression of the world-wide interest in every effort tending toward the elevation of man and the improvement of his condition, mentally, morally, and physically. It shows the fellowship and sympathy which exists between all those of whatever country, who are engaged in that work. It is an inspira- tion to hope that this feeling will continue, and bring all men into closer and closer bonds of friendship and appreciation, — Till each man sees his own in all men's good, And all men work in noble brotherhood. 32 Foyer of Auditorium THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE We hope that when the institution we are now founding becomes venerable with years, and honored for the lives which have there been trained for great and useful works, the remembrance of your graceful courtesy in assisting at our dedication shall still remain in the minds and hearts of its children. Many nations are represented among you by their ambassadors or ministers to the United States, and some also by special delegations representative of their arts and industries. By your presence, you grace our ceremonies, show sympathy with our work, and pay respect to our founder, who regards his great wealth, not as a toy to be used for his own pleasure, but as a high trust; who does not make use of it as "a vantage ground for winged ambition," but for the benefit of humanity, exercising in its disbursement the same labor and intelligence he used in its acquisition. If our laws and customs permitted it, I know the people of Pittsburgh would approve of presenting to you the freedom of the city in return for your courtesy, but it is not possible. It is not necessary for me to ex- plain to our American guests the reason for this; they know why we have no such way of showing special honor to visitors whom we esteem. Any one who comes in peace and good-will enters our city and dwells there of his own free will, and may at any time, when he has complied with the requirements of the law, acquire citizenship as a right; but citizenship can never be given as a favor. I am not willing to tarnish our cere- monies by a sham; what I can do, I do sincerely, and 33 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION that is to assure you that you are welcome, and that our hearts and homes are open to you. It seems proper, however, that I should make some special acknowledgment to those of you who, at great sacrifice of time and effort, have come from Europe to grace our ceremonies with your presence. To your Excellency, who, I understand, bears a per- sonal message from his Majesty, the Emperor of Ger- many, and your associates, I desire to say that the peo- ple of the United States have never forgotten how in the time of our great need Frederick the Great of Prus- sia gave us his sympathy and support in the struggle which made us a nation. We remember, too, that in every phase of our national life, both in war and in peace, the American citizens of German birth or an- cestry, have never been surpassed by any others in their loyalty and devotion, nor have they, ever fallen behind in any effort demanded for the defense of the nation, or to promote its prosperity. It gives me pleasure to say to your Excellency that in this city there are many thousands of such citizens who have and deserve the respect of all who know them. I have been honored with the personal friendship of many of them, and I know that, while their first loyalty is to this nation where they now make their homes, they still look with pride and affection to what they lovingly call "the Fatherland," and place their wish for its prosperity and happiness second only to that which they have for America. And to you who come from our sister republic of 34 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE France, permit me to say, that the tie which grew up between us in 1776, a tie due to common aspirations and mutual helpfulness, has never been weakened by the intervening years. We acknowledge with gratitude the help in war we received from you then, and the benefits in the blessings of peace which we have re- ceived from you since, in your contributions to art, literature, science, and industry. We also remember with gratitude the debt which we, in common with all free people, owe to the Nether- lands. It is to the courage and devotion of the people of that country that the world to-day enjoys such a large measure of civil and religious liberty. The history of the world would have been different had Holland yielded under the terrible pressure to which she was subjected, and we are glad to have a representative from her to honor this occasion with his presence. I am beggared in language to express to the repre- sentatives of Great Britain the feelings with which we welcome them. Down to a certain point in your history your past is ours — your heroes and statesmen are ours, and we share in your glories; our Constitution, laws, and jurisprudence rest upon the same foundations and are underlaid by the same principles as yours; your Magna Charta enshrines the principles of civil liberty which are guaranteed to us by our own Constitution. Those who laid the foundation of our government drew their inspiration largely from the struggles of the Eng- lish people, and many of them were trained at English 35 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION institutions of learning, some of which are represented here to-day. Your presence renews the ties of kindred, of a common past, and a common standard of liberty and justice. In the friendship of the nations represented here to- day lies the best assurance of the peace of the civilized world. We are glad to believe that your presence will tend to promote that mutual knowledge and re- spect — that kindly touch of personal interest — that is essential to a friendship which has the possibility of such great blessings to all mankind. The enlargement of the work of this institution, and the placing of it upon a solid foundation, which we owe entirely to the generosity and wisdom of Mr. An- drew Carnegie — a generosity not exceeded in history — means much to the people of Pittsburgh; and it is a matter of great gratification to them that Mr. Carnegie himself is present to receive our thanks and to join with them in extending to you a most hearty welcome. [^Ap- plause^ At the conclusion of Mayor Guthrie's speech, all those present were introduced first to the Mayor and Mrs. Guthrie, and afterward to Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Car- negie, who spoke gracious words of welcome to each guest in turn. When all had been presented, Mr. and Mrs. Carnegie led their guests in a tour of the various departmentsof the Institute, and the trustees explained many objects of interest to the little groups as they filed through the great halls. When this most inter- 36 Souvenir badge worn at Dedication THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE esting inspection had been accomplished, the guests re- turned to the Hotel Schenley, where informal luncheons were served. THE PROCESSION At half past one o'clock, the visiting guests were formed in procession by Mr. George H. Wilson, acting as Marshal, and were escorted to the new building by the Director and Faculty of the Carnegie Technical Schools in the following order : Dr. Arthur Arton Hamerschlag Director Carnegie Technical Schools Prof. Alexander J. Wurts, Prof. William E. Gibbs, Mr. Clifford B. Connelley, V- Head of Apprentices and Journeymen School Prof. Henry Hornbostel, Prof. Samuel S. Keller, Mr. John H. Leete, Registrar Prof. George H. Follows, Prof. Willibald Trinks, Mr. William P. Field, Secretary Prof. Allen H. Willett, Prof. Joseph H. James, Prof. John S. McLucas, Prof. Fred Crabtree, Mr. Henry K. McGoodwin, Prof. Walter F. Knox, Dr. P. J. Eaton, Dr. James I. Johnston, Dr. J. H. Anderson, 37 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Dr. Herbert F. Sill, Mr. Henry S. Hower, Mr. H. Leland Lowe Mr. William R. Work, Mr. Horace R. Thayer, Mr. Martin Hokanson Mr. Percy L. Reed, Mr. Charles C. Leeds, Mr. R. S. Tombaugh Mr. Oliver L. Bear, Mr. William A. Bassett, Mr. William Pfouts Mr. J. S. Sproull, Mr. William B. Doyle, Mr. Albert Mamatey Mr. H. S. Lightcap, Mr. Fred F. Mcintosh, Mr. Enoch George Mr. Charles S. Parsons, Mr. David Bunjs, Mr. John H. Nolen Mr. C. W. Howard, Mr. John H. Hill. Dr. William J. Holland, Mr. John W. Beatty, Director of the Museum Director of Department of Fine Arts Mr. Anderson H. Hopkins, Mr. Emil Paur, Librarian Carnegie Library Director Pittsburgh Orchestra Mr. Charles Heinroth Organist President William N. Frew, Mr. Andrew Carnegie. 38 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE His Excellency Lieutenant- General Alfred von Loewen- feld, Germany Dr. Ernest S. Roberts, Vice- Chancellor of Cambridge University, England Baron Edmondo Mayor des Planches, Italy Senator Paul Doumer, France Dr. Reinhold Koser, Germany Sir Robert Cranston, Scotland Colonel Gustav Dickhuth, Ger- many Mr. Joost Marius Willem Van der Poorten-Schwartz ( ' 'Maarten Maartens' ' ) , Holland Mr. Camille Enlart, France Dr. P. Chalmers Mitchell, England Senor Don Joaquin Bernardo Calvo, Costa Rica Senor Don E. C. Joubert, Dominican Republic Jonkheer R. de Marees van Swinderen, Netherlands Dr. Friederich S. Archenhold, Germany Mr. C. F. Moberly Bell, Eng- land Provost James Currie Mac- beth, Scotland Mr. William Archer, England Baron d'Estournelles de Con- stant, France Dr. John Rhys, Principal of Jesus College, Oxford Uni- versity, England His Excellency Theodor von Moeller, Germany Sir Robert S. Ball, England Baron Moncheur, Belgium Mr. Leonce Benedite, France Sir William Henry Preece, England Mr. Ernst von Ihne, Germany Prof. Fritz Schaper, Germany Sir Edward Elgar, England Senor Don L. F. Corea, Nica- ragua Senor Don Gonzalo de Que- sada, Cuba Senor Don Epifanio Portela, Argentine Republic Dr. John Ross, Scotland Mr. William T. Stead, Eng- land Mr. William Robertson, Scot- land Mr. Jules Rais, France Count Tcherep Spiridovitch, Russia Bishop Canevin, Bishop Whitehead Mayor George W. Guthrie 39 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION President Robert S. Wood- ward, Carnegie Institution, Washington, D. C. Hon. Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Commissioner Bureau of Education Mr. Richard Watson Gilder, Editor "Century Magazine" Hon. Richard Bartholdt, Con- gressman Mr. Joseph Wharton, Phila- delphia President Arthur T. Hadley, Yale University President Jacob G. Schurman, Cornell University Principal William Peterson, McGill University President Ira Remsen, Johns Hopkins University Prof. William H. Welch, Johns Hopkins University President Flavel S. Luther, Trinity College President G. Stanley Hall, Clark University President Charles S. Howe, Case School of Applied Science President John H. Finley, Col- lege of the City of New York Chancellor Henry M. Mac- Cracken, New York Univer- sity President Samuel Plantz, Law- rence University Secretary Charles D. Walcott, Smithsonian Institution President Henry S. Pritchett, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Mr. George Westinghouse Rear-admiral Colby M. Chester Mr. J. G. Schmidlapp, Cincin- nati Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke, Di- rector Metropolitan Museum of Art President E. J. James, Uni- versity of Illinois President Henry S. Drinker, Lehigh University President Winthrop E. Stone, Purdue University Prof. William M. Davis, Har- vard University President Edmund A. Engler, Worcester Polytechnic Insti- tute Chancellor S. B. McCormick, Western University of Penn- sylvania President Charles F. Thwing, Western Reserve University Governor James A. Beaver, Acting President Pennsyl- vania State College President Charles W. Need- ham, George Washington University President Henry C. King, Oberlin College 40 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE President Thomas McClelland, Knox College President George H. Denny, Washington and Lee Uni- versity President James D. Moffatt, Washington and Jefferson College President I. C. Ketler, Grove City College President Edwin B. Craighead, Tulane University of Louisi- ana Director William S. Aldrich, Clarkson School of Technol- ogy Dean H. T. Bovey, McGill University Prof. Thomas Evans, Univer- sity of Cincinnati Mr. Joseph A. Holmes, United States Geographical Survey President Booker T. Washing- ton, Tuskegee Institute President Henry D. Lindsay, Pennsylvania College for Women Dr. I. Minis Hays, Secretary American Philosophical So- ciety Director John S. Billings, New York Public Library Dr. Richard H. Harlan, Lake Forest University Director W. W. Campbell, Lick Observatory President F. W. Atkinson, Brooklyn Polytechnic Insti- tute President Henry Lefavour, Simmons College President George E. Reed, Dickinson College President William H. Craw- ford, Allegheny College Vice-chancellor H. M. Bell, Drake University Dean John Galbraith, Toronto University Dean Frederick A. Goetze, Columbia University Prof. George Grant McCurdy, Yale University Museum Prof. Dwinel F. Thompson, Rensselaer Polytechnic Insti- tute Secretary Frederick B. Pratt, Pratt Institute Prof. David Emmert, Juniata College Dr. Nathan C. Schaeifer, Super- intendent of Public Instruc- tion of Pennsylvania Director H. C. Bumpus, Amer- ican Museum of Natural History Director Edward Robinson, Boston Museum of Fine Arts President Samuel Sheldon, American Institution of Electrical Engineers 41 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Director Franklin W. Hooper, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences Director A. H. Griffith, Detroit Museum of Art Director W. T. Homaday, New York Zoological Park Ex-President S. F. Scovel, University of Worcester Chief Curator F. A. Lucas, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences Director Benjamin Ives Gil- man, Boston Museum of Fine Arts Director William H. Fox, John Herron Art Institute Mr. Hamilton Wright Mabie, Associate Editor of "Outlook" President J. G. Rosengarten, Philadelphia Free Library Mr. John W. Alexander, Painter Mr. Frank E. Alden, Architect Mr. Alfred B. Harlow, Architect Director W. M. R. French, Art Institute of Chicago President Daniel Merriman, Worcester Art Museum Manager John G. Heywood, Worcester Art Museum Director Charles M. Kurtz, Buffalo Academy of Fine Arts Managing Director Charles S. Smith, People's Institute, New York Mr. George W. Cable, Author Curator William H. Goodyear, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences Director J. H. Gest, Cincin- nati Museum Association Colonel S. S. McClure, Editor of "McClure's Magazine" Mr. Thomas L. Montgomery, State Librarian, Pennsyl- vania Mr. Henry Krehbeil, Musical Critic and Author Mr. George C. Palmer, Architect TRUSTEES Mr. S. H. Church Secretary Mr. Robert Pitcairn, Vice-President Hon. James H. Reed Treasurer Mr. C. C. Mellor 42 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Mr. John Caldwell, Mr. George A. Macbeth, Mr. J. C. Wasson Dr. John A. Brashear, Mr. William Metcalf, Jr., Hon. James R. Macfarlane Hon. Joseph BufRngton Hon. John D. Shafer, Hon. Josiah Cohen Hon. Henry Kirke Porter, Rev. A. A. Lambing, Mr. George T. Oliver Mr. Albert J. Barr, Mr. James F. Hudson, Mr. William Brand Mr. W. Lucien Scaife, Mr. Edward M. Bigelow Dr. E. R. Walters Mr. Charles L. Taylor Mr. Joseph R. Woodwell Mr. A. Bryan Wall Mr. Durbin Home Dr. M. E. O'Brien Mr. P. A. Manion Mr. S. C. Jamison Mr. John Werner Mr. Andrew W. Mellon Mr. William McConway Mr. John B. Jackson Mr. George H. Clapp Students of the Carnegie Technical Schools 43 THURSDAY AFTERNOON wo o'clock was the hour set for the com- mencement of the dedication ceremonies in the Hall of Music, and at that time every seat in the auditorium was oc- cupied, while several thousand persons stood outside to witness the approach of the guests in procession. The audience represented all sections of Pittsburgh society, including the different professional, business, social, and labor circles, one hundred men chosen from the various mills having seats with their wives beside them. The first box was occupied by Mrs. Andrew Carnegie and a party of relatives and friends. The second box contained Mrs. William N. Frew as hostess, and Lady Cranston, Mile. Benedite, Mme. Ernst von Ihne, Mme. Fritz Schaper, and Mrs. W. T. Stead. In the third box was Mrs. George W. Guthrie as hostess, and Mme. Friedrich S. Archenhold, Mrs. C. F. Moberly Bell, Mme. Camille Enlart, Miss Van der Poorten-Schwartz, and Mrs. P. Chalmers 45 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Mitchell. The fourth box was occupied by Mrs. S. H. Church as hostess, Miss Use Dickhuth, Miss Oliven Rh^s, Mrs. Ernest S. Roberts, Mrs. George Westing- house, and Mrs. James H. Reed. When the audience had been seated, the foreign guests were escorted to the platform by Mr. George H. Wilson, acting as Marshal ; and as the familiar faces of the distinguished men were recognized from time to time the audience broke into enthusiastic manifesta- tions of welcome. The last to come into view was Mr. Andrew Carnegie, who was greeted with such a stirring cheer as must have given him a new conception of the admiration and affection of his neighbors, and it was prolonged for several minutes. With the guests seated on the front chairs on the platform and the trustees at the center, the speakers then occupied their seats in the following order : Dr. John Rh^s, Dr. Ernest S. Roberts, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, Mr. W. N. Frew, Mr. S. H. Church, Mr. Paul Doumer, his Excellency Theodor von Moeller, and Baron d'Estournelles de Constant. The military dress of the soldiers and the many-colored gowns of the doctors of learning, flanked on either side by the women in the boxes, with a gaily dressed audience in front and a garden of roses and palms at the rear of the platform, made the scene one of great animation and splendor. When all had been seated, Mr. Charles Heinroth, at the organ, played "Ein feste Burg," by Martin Luther, and "Festal Pre- lude," by Gaston M. Dethier, and when the last swell- ing note had died away. Dr. John Rhys, Principal of 46 o CO 3 X THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Jesus College, Oxford University, stepped forward and read a passage of Scripture from the third chapter of Proverbs, on the beauty of wisdom. LESSON FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT READ BY DOCTOR JOHN RHYS principal of jesus college, university of oxford Proverbs iii, 9-27 9 Honor the Lord with thy substance, and with the first fruits of all thine increase : 10 So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine. 11 My son, despise not the chastening of the Lord; neither be weary of his correction : 12 For whom the Lord loveth he correcteth; even as a father the son in whom he delighteth. 13 Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding : 14 For the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof than fine gold. 15 She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared unto her. i6 Length of days is in her right hand; and in her left hand riches and honor. 47 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION 17 Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. 18 She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her : and happy is every one that retaineth her. 19 The Lord by wisdom hath founded the earth; by understanding hath he established the heavens. 20 By his knowledge the depths are broken up, and the clouds drop down the dew. 21 My son, let not them depart from thine eyes: keep sound wisdom and discretion : 22 So shall they be life unto thy soul, and grace to thy neck. 23 Then shalt thou walk in thy way safely, and thy foot shall not stumble. 24 When thou liest down, thou shalt not be afraid : yea, thou shalt lie down, and thy sleep shall be sweet. 25 Be not afraid of sudden fear, neither of the desolation of the wicked, when it cometh. 26 For the Lord shall be thy confidence, and shall keep thy foot from being taken. 27 Withhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the power of thine hand to do it. 48 Grand Stairway East entrance The Reverend Doctor Ernest S. Roberts, Vice-Chan- cellor of Cambridge University, delivered the invoca- tion. INVOCATION BY THE REVEREND DOCTOR E. S. ROBERTS MASTER OF GONVILLE AND CAIUS COLLEGE, VICE-CHANCELLOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE Let us pray For all churches and all associations united in endeav- ors for the amelioration of mankind ; For all sovereigns and governors, and especially here and to-day for the President of the United States ; For all great councils and parliaments that they may be wise in legislation and pure in purpose ; For all ministers and dispensers of God's Holy Word, that in their several stations they may serve truly and faithfully to the honor of God and the wel- fare of His people ; And that there never may be wanting a supply of persons duly qualified to serve God both in Church and State, let us pray for a blessing on all seminaries of sound learning and religious education, especially the universities of the world and all centers of higher edu- cation and training, and the arts and sciences ; and here- 49 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION in I desire your prayers for the president, the professors and the students of the Western University of Penn- sylvania, and for the president and trustees of this in- stitution, and for all who are to benefit therefrom. Pray we likewise for the civil government of this city, for the Honorable the Mayor, the aldermen, and all that bear office therein. Lastly, let us pray for all people of all races in all lands, that they may come to live in the true faith and fear of God, in dutiful allegiance to their country's laws, in sincere and conscientious communication with the fellowship of all good men, and in brotherly love and Christian charity one toward another. And as we pray for future mercies so let us praise God's most holy name for those that we have already received, and in particular here and to-day let us praise Him for that He did prompt Andrew Carnegie to lay the foundation of this stately establishment, and later did put into the heart of the same man, His servant, greatly to further that beginning, and generously to make provision for the intellectual welfare of genera- tions to come. These prayers and praises let us humbly offer up to the throne of Heaven in the words which Christ Him- self hath taught us : Our Father, who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy Name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive 50 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation; But deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen. 51 Mr. S. H. Church then read the following letter from the President of the United States, being frequently in- terrupted by applause : THE WHITE HOUSE Washington April 11, 1907. My dear Sir: I am not able to be present myself with you, there- fore let me through you express my appreciation of the great work done by the founding of the Carnegie In- stitute. Wealth is put to a noble use when applied to purposes such as those the Carnegie Institute is so well designed to serve. Every such institute, every founda- tion designed to serve the educational uplifting of our people, represents just so much gain for American life, just so much credit for us collectively as a nation. The success of our republic is predicated upon the high in- dividual efficiency of the average citizen ; and the Car- negie Institute is one of those institutions which tends to bring about this high individual efficiency. Many things go to make up silch efficiency. There must be a sound body; there must be physical hardihood and ad- dress in the use of trained nerve and muscle ; there must 52 O Oh a THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE also be a high degree of trained intellectual develop- ment, a high degree of that intelligence which can only be obtained when there is both power to act on indivi- dual initiative, and power to act in disciplined coordi- nation with others. And, finally, there must be that training on the moral side which means the production in the average citizen of a high type of character — the character which sturdily insists upon rights, and no less whole-heartedly and in the fullest fashion recognizes the fact that the performance of duty to others stands even ahead of the insistence upon one's own rights. Through you I extend my heartiest congratulations to Mr. Carnegie, and my wishes that he may have many happy returns of this day, together with the acknow- ledgment which all of us must make of the public ser- vice he so signally renders when he founds institutions of this type. Sincerely yours, Theodore Roosevelt. Mr. S. H. Church, Secretary, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa. 53 President Frew, in presenting Mr. Andrew Carnegie, said : "It is unnecessary for me to introduce him to you. Mr. Carnegie — " The mention of Mr. Carnegie's name was greeted with a great cheer from the audience. When quiet was restored, Mr. Carnegie said : Mr. President, Ladies, and Gentlemen: I have been in a dream from the moment I entered this Institute yesterday. I have been in a dream all morn- ing, and I am not yet awake. [Laughter and applause'] I really can not understand it all. I think there is a defect in my nature, I confess to you, as I have had to confess to several, that I am totally unable to real- ize that I have had any part in creating this Institute. [Applause] I have the same feeling about our sum- mer home in Scotland. I do not think any man ever loved the moors, lochs, and mountains more deeply than I, and yet I walk over them and can not feel the slightest sense of ownership. I doubt whether there is a man or woman living who can really own mountains and streams and lochs and miles of heather. I do not see how he can grasp the fact that they belong to him. I utterly fail. And here I can no more get a conception that this Institute, this great and beautiful gem, which astonishes Mrs. Carnegie and me alike, is my work. 54 'a, E o o c 3 O O o CO h o THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Yesterday, when I was telling Mrs. Carnegie that I felt that Aladdin and his lamp had been at work, that genii had created the Institute, she said, "Yes, and we did not even have to rub the lamp." \Laughter\ I assure you this is not make-believe. I am truly serious in say- ing that I can not feel where my connection with all this comes in. I said to myself, "Yes, you gave Mr. Frew a little piece of paper addressed to Mr. Franks saying that he would honor the draft." Very well, I did, but I have never seen the bonds which they tell me I possess, — never! [Laughter'] I know Mr. Franks says he has them, and that is all. Ladies and gentle- men, there is no realizing sense of possession possible to me under such circumstances. I can honestly ex- claim in a sense with Falstaff that "there 's no purchase in money." I do not miss what I gave. As far as I know there are as many bonds lying in the vault as there were before. [Laughter'] Therefore, I hope you will believe me that all this talk about what I have done, and how I must feel about it, is positively with- out foundation. I can not feel so. And, ladies and gentlemen, with your permission, I propose to dream on. [Applause] I made a few notes to which I will refer, because there are so many names and so many things which I wish to mention, that I would be apt to forget. It is just eleven years since I stood here and handed over the then Carnegie Institute to Pittsburgh. It was a combination, as I believe not before attempted, of library, art gallery, museum, and hall of music. The S5 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION city was to maintain the Library, and, let me say in passing, most generously has she done so. [Applause] There are seven branch libraries required for her swell- ing population. I congratulate Pittsburgh upon being among the foremost cities of the world in public library development. [Applause'] She certainly has no su- perior, — in the presence of gentlemen from many cities, I hesitate to say more than that she has no superior, — but I think a little. [Applause] I do not express my thought. [Lauffhter] Mr. Hopkins, the present li- brarian, has proved himself a fit successor to Mr. Anderson. Higher praise it would be difficult to be- stow. [Applause] The Department of Fine Arts, Museum, Hall of Music, and Technical Schools, since added, were to be endowed by me as unconditional gifts to the community. The Library may be considered a necessity for the city; the other departments, in our day, may be thought of somewhat as luxuries. The project took form in this way. A sum was of- fered by me for a free library, which the officials of Pittsburgh in their wisdom at that time refused. Our first home in the new land, Allegheny City, fortunately for both parties, recently married to Pittsburgh, then asked whether the rejected gift would be given to her. I was delighted. The Allegheny Library and Hall are the result of what was really Pittsburgh's money, fortu- nately now part of the bride's dowry. [Applause] The matter was not allowed to rest, for a young, pure, and public-spirited citizen, a member of council, moved that a committee of three be appointed to confer with 56 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE me upon the subject. The motion carried, and the com- mittee came, the chairman being the gentleman who presides to-day. [Applause'] It is fortunate that there exists in American cities a class which responds to the call of duty, and has in all emergencies arisen to hon- estly and well serve or save the state. I place in that class the Mayor whom you have to-day. [Applause] I said to the committee that the sum I originally pro- posed was too small, and instead of $250,000 given to Allegheny, I would now give Pittsburgh $1,000,000. The matter stood in this position until President Harri- son accompanied me here to open the Library and Hall in Allegheny. This was too much for Pittsburgh. A President had never visited Pittsburgh before for such an occasion. To think that the first one should pass over the river and visit Allegheny ! The next morning that public-spirited citizen, Christopher L. Magee, and some councilmen came to see me. They could not stand what had happened. My offer was accepted and the Institute appeared. [Applause] A little bit of history may be told here, since it brings into view one of the greatest of modern philosophers. I received a letter from Herbert Spencer, who had vis- ited Pittsburgh with me just after the Library was refused. He was bitter about some letters from cor- respondents in the papers, who explained to their own satisfaction, no doubt, that my aim was only to erect a monument for myself. When I made the larger offer, he wrote that after Pittsburgh's former rejection it should have been allowed to suffer the consequences, to 57 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION which I replied that if I had offered the gift in order to please Pittsburgh or court popularity, or to erect a monument, I should probably have felt as he indicated; but as my sincere desire was to promote the good of Pittsburgh and not my own good, I was not wounded at its refusal, and I rejoiced when Pittsburgh changed its mind and was willing to maintain a public library, for, ladies and gentlemen, it is not what a man gives, but what he induces communities to give, or to perform, that produces the most precious fruit. [Applausel What we do for ourselves is more stimulating than what others do for us. In this case Pittsburghers knew I was one of themselves, for here it was that fortune came to me, and it is as a Pittsburgher I have labored for Pittsburgh. This Institute is built by a Pittsburgher with Pittsburgh money for Pittsburgh. You all know the beneficent results which have followed. The Hall of Music, under Mr. Wilson's able control, led to the organization of your permanent orchestra, how rare an acquisition, of which neither London nor New York can boast. There are only three in America, and not one in Great Britain; one in Russia; one in France; and, I have no doubt, several in that great home and birthplace of the musical masters, Germany. Pittsburgh, I trust, is not to be deprived of that unique distinction. Assuredly such an orchestra, under Mr. Paur's fine direction, brings far-reaching and most de- sirable fruits in plenteous measure. [Applausel The organ recitals are not to be overlooked. Many are the youths of Pittsburgh, who through these will have their 58 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE finer natures touched and attuned, the results being lifelong. I attach so much importance to music. I be- lieve with him who wrote : "Oh I music, sacred tongue of God, I hear thee calling, and I come." Cherish your orchestra and develop your musical facilities here. Believe me, music is the highest expression which the human race has yet attained. [Applause'] The Museum, under the indefatigable Dr. Holland, one of yourselves, and a Pittsburgher, can scarcely be spoken of in sober terms. With only a small portion of the fund enjoyed by two or three similar institutions, which I understand will be largely augmented, how- ever, by the trustees, it has produced results not less, and in some respects even greater, than these larger in- stitutions. Indeed, some of the remarkable finds of ancient animals have placed it foremost in all the world in this department. Dr. Holland's gift of his unsur- passed entomological collection was the first chief ac- quisition of the Museum, but the Doctor has made a much more valuable gift since. He has given himself. [Applause] [As Mr. Carnegie continued to mention the names of his friends, the audience caught the spirit of his amiability and applauded until each one arose on the platform and bowed his thanks for the compliment. This play between the orator and his audience greatly quickened the animation of the speech.] The Museum has attained international position as one of the world's institutions and reflects infinite credit upon its director and his staff. Of Dr. Holland it may be said he grows more famous as he travels from home. I am very apt 59 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION to forget what he is, and, while he is with me in New York or here, treat him as only one of ourselves. And the same way with Professor Brashear, to whom the Institute owes much. ^Great applause'] These great men are all very modest. You do well to cheer Brashear and Holland. It is only when they are met in Europe that one is brought to realize the great gulf between these two men and the like of me and the others. The Boys' Naturalists Club is an outgrowth of the Museum, and of much moment. Now there comes the Department of Fine Arts, under the management of Mr. Beatty, also a Pittsburgher, which has also achieved a high position, and reflects in- finite credit upon the man who has been its director from the beginning. Its annual exhibitions are events looked forward to both here and in Europe. Pictures are sent here by the first artists of Europe, I am in- formed, to a greater extent than to any other American exhibition, those of New York not excepted. I often hear the story of our jury skying a picture by the great Detaille. I should like all these celebrated Frenchmen, and all the other gentlemen, to listen to this story. There is a lesson in it for all of us : They skied one of the pictures by the great Detaille. By the by, I take credit myself for just a little artistic sense, and I never could favor the pictures by Meissonier; I always said, no, no, Detaille is the greater artist. I only want Beatty and these men in the artistic class to know that I can't be fooled all the time, that is, I do know a little. \Laughter'\ When the gentlemen of the jury were in- 60 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE formed that they had skied Detaille the reply was su- perb. Mr. John Caldwell's jury said: "We can't help that; we don't regard names here, but art. It would have been the same if it had been painted by Rem- brandt." [^Applause and laughter] I congratulate Pittsburgh upon this exhibition of triumphant demo- cracy. \_Laughier'\ Pedigree does not count in the Pittsburgh Institute ; and the manner in which we elect our jury is thoroughly democratic. Every artist who exhibits is sent a ballot to vote for eight or nine men for a jury. Those who receive a majority of votes are elected judges, and they render the verdict. I am bound to say it is not always satisfactory to all the exhibitors. Yet, I remark, you do not hear any of their complaints through the omnipotent press. They are silent. [Laughterl Our ceremony to-day embraces the Technical Schools. These are part of the Institute, and no mean part. In direct practical results, under the magical sway of Dr. Hamerschlag, [Lo/2^ applause'] — it is astonishing what good judges this audience is of men! [Laughter and applause] — perhaps it is to overshadow any other part, for it opens to students of both sexes, through the doors of knowledge, new and improved scientific modes of reaching higher results through better means. It ele- vates mere manual labor, making it more the product of the brain and less of the hand, of skill rather than of force. Based upon science and more refined methods, it must create finer tastes. All the Technical students have free access to Library, Department of Fine Arts, 61 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Music Hall, and Museum. Our Technical Schools, therefore, while resting upon the severely practical foundation of teaching young men and women how best to fit themselves to earn their bread by the sweat of their brows, may be regarded as also educational in esthetic fields in no small degree. Thus, while giving them the best of all foundations for building up char- acter, there are also the refining and broadening in- fluences of culture in other directions. The students feel that they are to be no mere drones living upon others, but are preparing to become of use in the world, winning the respect of others because possessed of their own. I am told there are to-day thirteen hundred and ninety students, young men and young women, and several thousands waiting admission. In every depart- ment there exist obvious proofs of intense earnestness, great esprit de corps, and a determination to profit by the advantages offered. Already there have been de- veloped strong feelings of pride in and love for the schools. Thus, ladies and gentlemen, wherever we look around us, in every branch of the Institute, we find success written in large and unmistakable letters. The tree has borne good fruit abundantly, year after year in the past, and promises to continue to do so increas- ingly, year after year, generation after generation. The end, no man can foretell. \^Applause'\ This proves the presence of an able and devoted organizer at the head of the Commission to whom especial thanks 62 o o v G U c o THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE are due. Mr. Frew has been a harmonizing and con- structive force throughout. [^Applause'] Hence the success of the Institute. He would be the first to ac- knowledge the invaluable services rendered by Mr. Church, the all-pervading secretary [^Applause'] and historian, remember, of the Institute. Then there is Judge Reed, the treasurer without bond. \^Applause'\ Ladies and gentlemen, even all the reports in these days of failure to perform fiduciary duties have never moved us to ask a bond from Judge Reed. If he should fall, I should feel as Shakspere's Henry V did when he said of Lord Scroop : "For this revolt of thine, methink, is like another fall of man." Then there is Mr. John Caldwell, chairman of the Fine Arts Committee \^Ap- plause^ ; and my fellow Sunday-school scholar, Charlie Mellor, [^ApplauseJi We both went to the same church, and I do not believe there is one in a hundred knows what kind of a church it was we went to. It was the Swedenborgian. I do not believe Mr. Mellor lives any- where else than in the Museum. I hope you will call on him. [^Applause'] Then there is another man of the same persuasion, Mr. Macbeth [Applausel ; and Mr. McConway, chairman of the Technical Schools Com- mittee, he is another. lApplausel Where is he ? He is not here. He is out of the city. Well, ladies and gentlemen, I will make a graceful bow for him. [Ap- plause'] [Mr. Carnegie made a deep obeisance amid great laughter and applause.] And Mr. Metcalf, chairman of the Committee of Buildings and Grounds. [Applause] Last, Mr. Wasson, of the Music Hall 63 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Committee, a town councilor, whose heart is in this work as well. Now, let us call on him. ^Applause] Ah, ladies and gentlemen, not one of these men whom I have named, the chairmen of the various committees, could be induced to take a dollar for all the labor and all the thought he has given to this Institute. \^Ap- plause'] I would say to our foreign guests, who read a great deal about the troubles we have in this country, that our troubles are only skin-deep. Partizanship is only skin-deep. Why, deep down below, we are all good friends. It is a great country; I am a great optim- ist. I can not see anything wrong in the joyous repub- lic, and especially, not even with a magnifying glass, could I find anything wrong with Pittsburgh! [Long applause'\ Now, you see, judging by the past, the Institute's future promises well. There is no question of Pitts- burgh's continued growth, no indications that she will not retain her commanding position as a manufacturing city, foremost in certain important lines; and in my view there is no question of the continued growth and usefulness of the Institute. In after days when the Founder becomes merely a name, as Harvard and Yale and Cornell and many founders are to-day, the future Pittsburgh millionaire, loyal to the city where he has prospered, will see that his bequests can be best be- stowed upon needed extensions or new departments or collateral institutions now unthought of. [Applause] It will become more and more the fashion, may I not say the duty, of Pittsburghers to consider what return they 64 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE can make to the city which has done so much for them. [Applause'] Wealth will be less prized for itself in future generations, and the chief aim will be to bestow it wisely, and, I may add, justly; for surely the city, where wealth is made, has, after the family, the first claim, I read a will in your newspapers yesterday, I wish I could remember the name, it was familiar. The man left his estate to institutions of this city. I hope the press will look that up and insert that benefactor's name. A Voice : John Porterfield. [Applause'] Yes, that 's it; that was the name, and I knew him. Was it Porterfield alone? A Voice : Porterfield and Stevenson. Yes, I thought he had a partner. There is an ex- ample for you I [Applause] What a poor legacy does a man leave to his children and his children's children, who prospers here, and dies without remembering his city. [Applause] Oh, I speak now the word of sober- ness to you men. Here lies your duty. "For he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?" I think that is a very good text. Now when this fact is realized, Pitts- burgh will be abundantly supplied, and this Institute will have become the precursor of other institutions, the gifts of Pittsburgh men for Pittsburgh. [Applause] Now I wish to speak of a very pleasant feature. The gifts to the various departments of the Institute have already been so numerous that mention of the donors is impracticable. More than twenty have been given 65 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION to the Art Gallery; between four and five hundred to the Museum, some of the gifts being extremely valu- able; no less than seven hundred to the Library; and, here is a bright spot, even the Technical School, which has just started, has received $15,000 to found a schol- arship to be given to a poor but worthy student. [Ap- plause'] I was happier when I received that letter than I have been for a long time. This, within a few months of its creation, is only one of the many proofs that we have there the right man in the right place, and that the school is to be heard from in the future. [Applause^ The names of the donors are recorded in the annals of the Institute, and will furnish pleasant reading to their descendants in future generations. These proofs of genuine Pittsburgh cooperation are the sweetest of all possible rewards. They have enabled me to dwell upon the fact that I am not alone in this work, and at inter- vals they whisper, "You are not alone, you have Pitts- burgh with you," delicious music that comes to my heart and makes me glad. There is room for many things of the spirit in our city. Things material are abundant. Our mills and factories are numerous, large and prosperous, but things material, including money itself, should only be the foundation upon which we build things spiritual. Our mines of iron and coal have not completed their mission when transmuted into articles for use; not even com- pleted their mission when transmuted into dollars. All is still upon the material plane. Not until the dollars are transmuted into service for others, in one of the 66 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE many forms best calculated to appeal to and develop the higher things of the moral, intellectual and esthetic life, has wealth completely justified its existence. \_Ap- plause~\ Dollars are only dross until spiritualized, a means to an end; and miserable is the man, mean and squalid his life, who knows no better than to deaden his soul by mere possession, counting over the hoard which holds him down, or using his faculties in old age in augmenting the useless stuff which ministers not to any taste worthy of man. \^Applause'\ There is surely to arise from the wealth created here a body of men who will find in the distribution of their gains where they were made, the genuine reward which surplus wealth can give, the knowledge that it is cer- tain in after years to elevate, refine, and purify the lives of those who succeed us, and that we have left one spot of earth at least a little better than we found it. There is one body of men to whom the Institute pri- marily owes its success : the Commission which has la- bored so generously as trustees from the beginning. The chairmen of all the committees you have called for and thanked. But the silent members of the Commission can not even be mentioned here this afternoon. We thank them, however, and congratulate them upon the crowning success of to-day. \^Applause\ Now, it has been my rare privilege as years have passed to become more and more intimate with the class of men whose delight it is to labor not for self, but for others; not for their own gain, but for the gain of the community. Much of self-sacrifice I have seen that 67 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION elevates human nature. Little does and little can the speculator on the exchange, or the mere dollar- grabber in any line of activity, know of the higher pleasures of human existence. Only when a man labors for the general good, and for other than miserable aims that end with self, can he know and enjoy the high spir- itual rewards of life. We have such men in Pitts- burgh, deeply interested in this Institute, a large body of them; and also in the Hero Fund and in the Pension Fund, and in many other philanthropic fields, men who have their hearts in the work. If it were not invidious to name some who are exceptional where all have done so well, I should like to do so now; but they seek no popularity, or other reward, beyond the return received from laboring for the general good. Many are the men and women in Pittsburgh who are laborers in the vine- yards of self-abnegation. The highest type of human- ity, believe me, is that which does most to make our earthly home a heaven. The highest worship of God is service to man. [^Applausel Special acknowledgment is due to the press of Pitts- burgh [Applausel, which has from the inception of the Institute been lavish of their space and labor to keep it before the people ; and much of the general acceptance and popularity obtained has been owing to this. The medical profession is justly credited with giving an enormous amount of service gratuitously, but I judge the press to be abreast of it. Every good non-partizan work has its powerful support. All parties are found in happy agreement here. 68 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE We wish also to express our thanks to the eminent men from many parts of our own country, and from many foreign lands, who honor us to-day by their pres- ence. [Applause'] Pittsburgh has never seen a gath- ering comprising so many distinguished men from the Old World. It has welcomed them with pleasure. It is highly honored in receiving men whose names are household words in both the Old and the New World; honored, also, in having so many of our own land whose names are known in both, and who have made the world their debtor for services rendered. Such assemblages presage the coming federation of the world. Many be- fore you to-day, ladies and gentlemen, are more than Americans, more than Italians, more than Frenchmen, more than Dutchmen, more than Germans. They are citizens of the world, and the world owns itself their debtor. [Applause] It will not be considered in- vidious if special mention be made of the interest dis- played in our Institute by that remarkable man, the German Emperor [Applause], very like another re- markable man of whom we hear so much in our coun- try, — very much alike, these two men are. [Applause] We owe the Emperor much for sending General von Loewenfeld as his representative, and his Minister of State, von Moeller, and other eminent men. I ask them to convey to the Emperor the profound acknow- ledgment of all interested in the Institute. We ear- nestly wish for him a continuance, a long continuance, of the reign of peace and prosperity which has so long blessed his sway; for, be it remembered to his credit, 69 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION that since he has reigned his hands are guiltless of human blood shed in international war. [Applause] That is the reason I think the Emperor the coming man of destiny who will perhaps perform a miracle before he passes away. He has it in his power to abolish war from this world, [Applause'] He has only to ask America, Britain, and France to join with him in creat- ing an International Police Force to tell the other lands of the world that since it has become interdependent no nation has the right to disturb the general peace of the world. [Applause] That is true, — the German Em- peror could do that to-day at The Hague Conference, and he would find powers that would rally around him and say, "Yes, we have had this killing of men by men long enough. Let it no longer disgrace humanity." [Great applause] We must also remember that our Technical Schools have Charlottenburg to follow as their model. We can not forget what we owe to Ger- many as the teacher of the nation in industrial educa- tion. [Applause] Again, we can not omit recognition of the valued congratulations brought to us by the friends from our sister republic of France, [Great ap- plause] to whom this country owes so much. They can never be forgotten. One can not imagine the two re- publics in variance upon any subject whatever, and as we have had Germany as a teacher in industrial devel- opment, so we have had for our Art Department the guidance of France, the leader in things artistic. [Ap- plause] Now, ladies and gentlemen, for the last word. I beg 70 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE your pardon for exercising your patience so long. There is present to-day one of my oldest and dearest friends, that good Quaker, Joseph Wharton, of Philadelphia. [^Applause'] I ask him to rise. [Mr. Wharton arose amid great cheering, and bowed] He was here eleven years ago when I stood here and handed over the first Institute, and he is here to-day, God bless him, and he reminded me the other day in Philadelphia when I was at his house, how I ended my oration — [laughing] that is the proper name for it — oration — that little speech that I made, but which he handled so well and with such dramatic effect that I can only hope to imitate him. I said, "Those are the very words with which I will close at the forthcoming celebration of the opening of the enlarged Institute." I wish he would get up and say it for you. But I will try to imitate him as well as I can. [Extending his hands, and speaking with great solemnity] Take, then, people of Pittsburgh, this In- stitute from one who owes Pittsburgh much, who loves her deeply, and who would serve her well. [Prolonged applause'] The other addresses of the day were delivered in the order in which they are here printed : 71 THE POPULAR SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE BY HIS EXCELLENCY, THEODOR VON MCELLER, MINISTER OF STATE, BERLIN In the name of my colleagues, to whom, as to myself, has fallen the good fortune to participate in this festive occasion as the delegates of his Majesty, the German Emperor, I have the honor to express his Majesty's, as well as our own, most heartfelt congratulations. First of all, these congratulations are due to the mag- nanimous founder of the Institute bearing his name, the donor of the grand structure, the dedication of which has brought us here together. We also congratu- late the Board of Trustees of this ingenious creation, upon whom devolves the honorable and pleasant, yet highly responsible duty of administering this rare com- bination of institutes for propagating and popular- izing education in the arts and sciences. Theirs it is to develop it and make its blessings permanently acces- sible to the changing and widening circles of the people of this Union. And — last, but not least — we felicitate the citizens of Pittsburgh on calling such a magni- ficent educational institute their own ; for deriving for themselves, at first hand, its beneficial effects; and, above all, for having raised within their walls a man of such immense energy, of such wonderful success 72 J3 C B a. J3 U THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE and, withal, of such noble munificence, who has not only very materially contributed to the astonishing de- velopment of your industries, but who, with a clear per- ception of his duties toward the community, has placed this rare Institute at the disposal of his fellow-citizens, who here may find the means for either supplementing and replenishing their education out of the riches of the library, the museums, or through musical performances, procure for themselves the intellectual enjoyments in- dispensable for their recuperation from the effects of their arduous daily work. They, thus, may gather strength for keeping up that high degree of activity es- sential to life in this wonderful country, which, as it has for generations produced treasures without limita- tion out of its seemingly inexhaustible virgin soil, makes demand upon the working capacity of its in- habitants unknown to the Old World, yet undoubt- edly as exhaustible as even the best soil. He who thus affords mental relief to the worker is, therefore, a bene- factor to mankind in a double sense of the word. The principal object of the Institute, however, I find in its educational establishments of various descriptions, which are primarily intended to train ambitious young people of either sex for new and remunerative lines of human activity, and, by this means, foster the economic progress of this country in general. To my mind it is a well established fact that, in the development of our present era of substitution of me- chanical power in the place of human and animal labor, with all its wonders of progress, but also with its 73 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION estrangement between employed and employers and the educated classes in general, the latter have come face to face with duties, the discharge of which is not only de- manded by the commands of justice, but is one of the leading problems with which all nations employing modern methods of production have to deal, in order to avert the serious conflict between the different classes of society which endangers the existence of our modern civilization. There is still a great diversity of opinions as to the proper means to be employed in combating the symp- toms of social disease, and it would be out of place here to discuss this subject at any length. The fact, however, that the conveyance of education to the more industrious among the uneducated workers, as a means of elevating them into the higher spheres of life and finally into the propertied classes, is one of the most effective instrumentalities in effacing the existing so- cial contrasts, is universally recognized, especially among people of a democratic trend of thinking, such as the people of this country. In the Old World, too, the number of those who incline to regard education as a privilege of the higher classes only, is becoming less and less, until it has almost reached the point of ex- tinction. Thus, in Germany, it is to-day considered a social obligation of the highest order, devolving alike upon communities and states, to extend the train- ing given to the young in public schools, through schools for adults, into the first years of their working. Attendance upon these schools, at first optional, was 74 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE later, in the case of mechanics at least, made obligatory, and the time for instruction, formerly evenings and Sundays, transferred into the working hours in order not to have overworked pupils, and not to deprive the latter of their Sunday's rest. During the first years of the new century we have made good progress in that di- rection, and the time is not far distant when instruction for adults will be obligatory upon all young workers in factories who received their first training in public schools. The ambitious young man may, at his option, still further fit himself for his calling in special and evening classes, which are held with particular refer- ence to the peculiar needs of the various crafts and trades. For full-aged laborers there are likewise eve- ning courses arranged in connection with the schools for special branches of instruction: the middle technical schools for the building, machinery, shipbuilding, tex- tile, and pottery trades, mechanical arts, etc., etc., where they may avail themselves of the rich resources of instruction of these schools. It has been a source of special gratification to me to learn from the brief me- morial sent us with reference to the Carnegie Institute, that you are proceeding on the same lines as we; that here, too, instruction is given not only in day, but in night schools as well, which latter do now, but still more in the grand new edifice, place a vast educational apparatus at the disposal of the worker of higher as- pirations. The fact that we thus work harmoniously seems to fully justify the encouraging conclusion that our ef- 75 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION forts toward elevating the intellectual level of the working classes are moving in the right direction. In Germany, municipalities in the first place, and the state in a subsidiary way, are held to make pro- vision, not only for public, but also for higher schools. Our universities and technical high schools are state establishments, exclusively. Nevertheless, we, too, pride ourselves on possessing educational institutions, especially in the field of commercial training, which, originated by individual initiative, owe their existence to mercantile corporations or chambers of commerce. Of that class are numerous schools for adults in mer- cantile pursuits : the commercial high school of Berlin ; the commercial high school of Cologne, the latter the gift of the late Mr. von Mewissen; and the Academy of Social and Commercial Science of Frankfort on the Main, a donation of Mr. Merton, of the same city. In this country, where the work of many centuries had to be crowded into the narrow space of little more than a hundred years, our gait seemed rather slow, and successful men in various walks of life have in numer- ous instances anticipated any action on the part of the community by erecting and supporting, out of their own means, large educational institutions of higher or- der. Admiringly we stand here before one of the most remarkable illustrations of this generous, high-minded spirit among American citizens. In order to add our own mite to the treasures of the Institute's collections, we have the honor to, herewith, offer a series of official publications of the German Em- 76 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE pire, of the Kingdom of Prussia, and of the City of Ber- lin, together with a narration, published by the Mining Society of Dortmund, of the development of coal-pro- ducing in the Rhenish-Westphalian District, and to ask permission to present the same at the proper time. Our heartiest thanks, in conclusion, are due, above all, to Mr. Carnegie and to the trustees of this Insti- tute, to whom we are indebted for the opportunity thus afforded us to attend this beautiful celebration and to visit the city, the rich resources of which have prepared the way for the donor of this beautiful edifice to prac- tise his most liberal munificence. {^Applause'] ADDRESS BY M. PAUL DOUMER M. Paul Doumer was introduced at this moment and delivered an extemporaneous speech of great force and beauty. He pleaded for the recognition of intellectual ideals against the domination of force the world over. His discourse, in the French language, was keenly en- joyed by the audience, and it is greatly to be regretted that M. Doumer declares himself unable to recall the speech for the purpose of publication. 77 THE ORGANIZATION OF PEACE BY BARON D'ESTOURNELLES DE CONSTANT This Institute which we open to-day does not require our eulogy. It is in itself a fact more eloquent than words. It is a positive act, an act of faith in the future of our civilization. If we try to conceive the amount of effort required to realize our common aspirations of progress and justice, we perceive only too clearly our own weakness ; but if, face to face with these monu- ments raised to science by labor, we estimate the diffi- culties that have already been surmounted in spite of everything, we hail man's work with confidence. Ruins may be accumulated on ruins, ignorance and barbarism may humiliate us by their return, but in the end reason wins the day, and at the very moment when we might be tempted to despair, it is preparing its most brilliant revenge. Where can we find better than in America evidence of the constant advance of human activity? In spite of the vicissitudes and failures which visit you, as well as ourselves, what a decisive lesson of optimism you are offering to the Old World! It is barely six years since I made my last trip to America, and yet I find it difficult to calculate the services rendered by your country to humanity during such a short period. I came in February, 1902, visiting Washington, New York, and 78 o o THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Chicago, pleading the cause so dear to me, demonstrat- ing the need of a new international policy and the urgency of an organization of peace. There are suffi- cient inevitable catastrophes, like those of Courrieres and San Francisco, and so many others, that take us by surprise, leaving behind them sorrow and even death, for us to abstain from adding wittingly to them other calamities, and to induce us to devote to works of life a part of the essential resources we now lavish on works of destruction. And lo, on every side is beginning to appear that organization which was deemed chimerical. We can celebrate in advance its success, more or less remote. No matter, we are content with the perspec- tive of the harvest. To be sure, the cultivator sees with pride his ripe corn-fields, ready to be transformed into force, wealth, and intelligence; but long before the summer-time he has already tasted a pleasure of quite another depth: the joy of triumphant effort over the resistance of men and things; victorious over winter and ignorance, utilizing the bad days for the prepara- tion of good ones, he has seen his fields grow green un- der the stormy sky of March. It was impossible that America should not contribute largely toward this success. She is in full growth, she favors the development of new ideas, while Europe too often sees in them a menace for what she calls estab- lished order. How many noble and fruitful ideas that have had their origin in Europe could not exist there; and veritable wandering souls, during years and even centuries, surviving the men who conceived them, 79 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION have bided their time around their tombs. How many of them are still waiting I In vain they call — we do not hear them, or, if we do, perhaps they wake in us as many doubts as hopes. Our history is old, glorious with many sublime examples, but interspersed also with many injustices; it shows us might triumphing over right with impunity, and such memories are lessons so painful as to paralyze our initiative. Your history, on the contrary, dates from only the other day, and when, in despair, our ideas emigrate and come to your shores, they find in America an open field and men freer than ourselves to apply them. Thus the scheme of a pacific organization, denounced as culpable or ridicu- lous in our own old divided European states, was intel- ligently received by your own young United States of America; your patronage first won for it a certain at- tention in our own government spheres. Let no one raise against me the fatality of our European divisions, since the present regime is per- petuating them; since it has not advanced by a single hour the Franco-German reconciliation upon which the rest depends ; since it has not even revealed the mu- tual concessions necessary for this reconciliation. An improvement, however slow, would be better for every- body than the acceptance of such a regime. No, every effort in the sense of an improvement has been ham- pered. By tacit agreement, the European governments organized the boycott of The Hague Tribunal; they have not understood the advantage of developing that germ. At one time popular enthusiasm was led to be- 80 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE lieve that the burdens of armed peace were going to be diminished; the representatives of the governments, as- sembled for the first time in a world-assembly, had been inspired by generous emulation more, perhaps, than by their original instructions. As a matter of fact, the work of the Conference of 1899 was not in vain. Al- though it did not give the reduction of armaments, it finished by establishing a permanent tribunal of arbi- tration; all that remained was to provide that juris- diction, so eagerly anticipated, with the means of exist- ence. It was deprived of them. The governments, surprised at its birth, refused to believe in it. None of them wanted to intrust it with the slightest litigation. Incredible though it may appear, while the baptism of the most insignificant of princes is celebrated to the sound of ringing bells and salvos of artillery, the Court of The Hague was not even inaugurated. What a contrast between this chilly reception by the public authorities and the aspirations of the whole world! I did not believe that this contrast could be prolonged without danger, and I and my friends took it upon ourselves to oppose to this sterile skepticism what I designedly called "the results of The Hague Confer- ence." Everywhere, throughout France and in the majority of European countries, I found the same sym- pathy, but nowhere more than among yourselves. What a mysterious harmony between French hopes and American energies! And it is not the first time that the hopes of the two peoples have been associated. How living appeared to me the memories of that tradl- 81 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION tional agreement when I was allowed to celebrate on your soil the heroic days of your liberation, and of uniting in one and the same homage the names of Washington and Lafayette I But what are the duties imposed upon us by memories such as these? "Our fathers," I said at Chicago, "gave to their descendants liberty; it is for us to give peace to ours." History will award to President Roosevelt the honor of having clearly laid down the elements of the present problem. I presume that in the first place he sought to serve his own country by taking the initiative of a rational evolution at the same time as advantage- ous and indispensable for the United States as for every other power. However that may be, he has given the world a fine lesson in true patriotism. He has shown that it is not enough to be ready to die for one's country, as we all are, but that it is also necessary to work toward the development of its progress; to insure its security, not only by the organization and the re- newal of its strength, but by avoiding to exhaust or compromise it in useless complications; by improving its relations with foreign powers; and by preparing a long time in advance honorable reconciliations and the amicable solution of new conflicts which are always possible. President Roosevelt took office at the moment when Europe was still mourning over the loss of two of the best servants of civilization — Gladstone and Gam- betta. Like them he understood the growing solidarity which is bringing peoples together, and which, notwith- 82 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE standing the infinite variety of their conditions, even the opposition of their interests, is uniting in the same superior need for justice and truth; and like them too, he had pleaded the great causes, knowing that, while a country may be proud of its territorial impor- tance and its economic prosperity, it is nevertheless not truly great except by the radiation of its thought and of its generous activity. An elite of the American people seconded President Roosevelt in his noble enterprise. I will name only those who are no longer with us — the lamented John Hay and George Frederick William Holls. The first act of their campaign was the rehabilitation of The Hague Court. In the spring of 1902, the government of the United States decided to give Europe a good ex- ample. In agreement with the Mexican government it confided to the new International Tribunal its first case. That lesson not being understood, President Roosevelt subsequently declined the arbitration submitted to him during the Venezuela affair and sent the litigants to the Court which they had persisted in wishing not to recognize. Mr. Carnegie, for his part, noted the fact that The Hague Court had not been provided with a home and he therefore endowed it with one. He thought to himself, "poor, it is ignored, but once it is luxuriously housed, consideration will come." Mis- fortune was charmed away. On the other hand, a powerful Arbitration Group was formed in the French Parliament toward the end of 1902, and continued without cessation to bring pres- 83 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION sure to bear on the different governments. A new at- mosphere was created as favorable to the new ideas as it had before been contrary to them. Then a decisive event occurred. The new sovereign of Great Britain, Edward VII, took it upon himself to undertake, in 1903, his famous visit to Paris, which touched the heart of France, and decided the entente cordiale. Treaties of arbitration, friendly conventions, settlements, and agreements were multiplied, and parliaments ex- changed visits and formed relations of friendship. The Conventions of The Hague became an unhoped-for re- source. Their automatic action sufficed to settle the Hull or Dogger-Bank Incident, thus saving civiliza- tion from a general conflagration. It is true that the world was not saved from trials during this short pe- riod. The Russo-Japanese War is an example, out of many others, of wars that might have been avoided and which broke out notwithstanding everything, be- cause the education of public opinion is too imperfect. It is nevertheless thanks to American initiative that this war was terminated. The Algeciras affair also tes- tifies to the instability of the regime of armed peace; but it has been possible to settle it without the effusion of blood, by means of a species of tribunal composed of representatives of the powers. Formerly, and not so long since, either, diplomatic conferences met after the war to remedy the disasters. Is it not a progress that they now unite before, in order to prevent them? There remains the limitation of armaments as well as the organization of international justice, and the 84 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE penalties to be imposed by it. That is a very long way off, say the skeptics. Curious objection; they have al- lowed violence to govern the world for centuries, and they ask us to suppress it in a few years I We shall, however, be able to hasten our progress. The organ- ization of peace seemed impossible so long as peoples were separated from each other by insurmountable ob- stacles and distances; but to-day science has placed them in contact, and they have taken advantage of it to concert together and communicate to one another their mutual discoveries. Peace is too essential for all to be stopped by difficulties in paving the way for it when so many other so-called insurmountable difficul- ties disappear before their eyes. The intelligence and the good-will of all nations will henceforth go to sec- ond the work of the thinkers and the savants ; they will mobilize themselves in the same sense against the same common enemy, ignorance, in a collaboration unknown up to the present day, but irresistible ; they will not at- tain so soon the end they have in view ; that is under- stood. I will go further and say that they can never attain it, because their aim will be always ascending; but by emulation they will find the means of approach- ing to it. We are naturally unable to foresee those means be- cause they will multiply in proportion as the general necessity for peace is more universally felt. Yes, though routine can not admit it, peace will never be perfect any more than happiness, but it will continue to develop, and what we should be very content with 85 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION to-day will appear precarious and insufficient to our children; and that which they will prepare in their turn will be but steps toward other improvements which, too, will doubtless be thwarted, though certain to come. Gentlemen, I have now summarized for you the im- provements recently gained. War has ceased to be the classic and glorious solution of international conflicts; it is no longer but the barbarous and perilous ultima ratio of the oppressor and the last resource of the op- pressed. Far from disappearing, we must always be prepared for economic antagonisms, arising out of busi- ness activities; but a government which allows these antagonisms to degenerate into local or national hatreds, and, still worse, into racial hatreds, and which makes war on the territory of a rival, will arouse against it an unexpected solidarity of natural mistrust and perhaps hostility. Nolens volens arbitration also appears to be the modern solution of the majority of conflicts, and the development of arbitration will have for its natural corollary the limitation of armaments. But arbitration will very soon not be enough; it is only a remedy, — we ought to prevent the evil. Con- ciliation will be the duty of to-morrow. It will in each country impose itself more even at home than abroad; a thankless task and a particularly disinterested mis- sion, since it consists in preventing difficulties from arising, while malevolent people will always be able to pretend that these difficulties would never have arisen. It is toward that, however, that our principal efforts must be directed, and it is that which this ad- 86 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE mirable Institute will teach you. Leave the diplomat- ist his role, which will be all the more useful as the points of contact between peoples become greater. Let us facilitate his task by instructing public opinion. This work of education should commence at the begin- ning, with the child, the mother, with the schools, form- ing masters and men, raising the conscience to a level where it can disengage itself from its isolation and know itself. In other words, in each country there should be groups of men capable of exercising a benefi- cent influence on governments and on public opinion, and capable of neutralizing Chauvinistic passions. That much being done, these national groups should be united into one vast International Association. This is for our generation the last phase of pacific evolution. The international education which we promote can only be efficacious on condition that it has its starting- point in national education. What good could arise from attempting to improve the morals of our time, if we neglect the morals of our own country? That is why we have come so far and from so many different countries to take part in this grand manifesta- tion of individual and national initiative to which you have done us the honor to invite us, and from which we can draw a universal lesson. Elevating the moral, intellectual, and material level of a people, is at the same time serving that particular people and other peoples as well in giving all an example and a guide. Creating a library, a museum, a hospital, an institute, on any part of the globe is to stir up emulation at thou- 87 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION sands of other points, is to contribute to general educa- tion, and to prepare the conciliation, the progress, and the peace of the world. Such is' the work that we honor to-day. The ancients considered that they had done their duty toward the people in giving them partem et circenses; modern so- ciety consecrates to their instruction its most generous initiatives and its palaces. [^Applause'] 88 j= o o K '^ a c/3 E u u O Oh A REVIEW OF THE WORK BY SAMUEL HARDEN CHURCH SECRETARY OF BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF CARNEGIE INSTITUTE The building which is thrown open to you to-day for the first time was designed by Messrs. Alden & Har- low, from whom it will always stand as the noble proof of a beautiful architectural conception. The style, as you will see, is that of the Italian Renaissance. The building has a frontage of four hundred feet, and a depth of six hundred feet. At either end are steps leading into the main halls, these entrances being strik- ingly effective with their great bronze figures of Shak- spere and Bach at one end, and Galileo and Michelan- gelo at the other. There are also large bronze groups representing Art, Science, Music, and Literature above the corner piers at the roof, Mr. J. Massey Rhind being the sculptor. The frieze which encircles the building bears the names of distinguished men. The building itself occupies four acres of ground. The beauties of the interior you must discover for yourselves. The many marble halls, corridors, and stairways, the mural paintings, the spacious foyer with its twenty-four col- umns of Grecian marble, each twenty-eight feet high, and its gilded ceiling, the mighty engine-room, full of throbbing energy, and the many other wonders of this 89 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION great institution will be appreciated better to be seen than described. At this moment, the Carnegie Institute, embracing the five departments, the Library, Fine Arts, Museum, School of Music, and Technical Schools under one ad- ministration, represents an outlay for cost, equipment, and endowment of nearly $20,000,000 — a sum stagger- ing to the mind, even in this age of great fortunes and stupendous gifts. In the Old World, under the slow growth of royal patronage and state aid, such an insti- tution could not reach so great a mark in less than a century. Here in Pittsburgh the loving kindness of a single man has created in the short space of ten years an institution unique in its great breadth of purpose, and already well advanced in its mission for the high ser- vice of humanity. THE LIBRARY When the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh was opened in 1895 it had one library building, a collection of 16,000 volumes, a clerical staff of sixteen persons, and its annual home circulation for the first year was 1 15,- 394 volumes. During the year just ended, the Library system, with a staff of 135, has occupied its enlarged quarters in this building, besides six branch libraries housed in convenient and attractive structures, erected especially for the purpose, and fourteen deposit sta- tions. It has conducted during the year twenty-nine home library groups, and fifty reading clubs of boys 90 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE and girls who live in districts remote from the central or branch libraries. It has sent collections of books to sixty-six schools, and in the summer it supplied four playgrounds with small circulating libraries, and assis- tants to distribute the books. Through these 170 agencies, 762,190 books were circulated in 1906, a gain of 15-15 P^r cent, over the previous year, while the total number of books and magazines circulated and used in reading-rooms was 1,463,207. The total number of books in the central and branch libraries, and all other parts of the system, is now 250,- 000. The number of registered borrowers is 63,550, with an equal number of unregistered readers. The activities of "all departments continue to in- crease. The number of books purchased by the Library was 42,952, which was 14,605 more than ever before. The total number of volumes catalogued, 47,063, shows an increase of 9332 over any previous year. THE DEPARTMENT OF FINE ARTS In the Department of Fine Arts, a great hall of archi- tecture was established, in which has been arranged an inspiring group of architectural casts, representing some of the great buildings and temples of antiquity, and including examples of the Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance periods. Behind the columns sur- rounding this hall, under the balcony, will be arranged a much larger number of casts in chronological order, 91 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION representing the development of the art from the earliest period. In the hall of sculpture there has been assembled a collection of casts, reproducing some of the master- pieces of the Egyptian, Chaldean, Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman periods. A complete collection of over three hundred repro- ductions of the Bronzes found in and near Hercula- neum and Pompeii has been installed. The annual international exhibition this year in- cludes five hundred and fifteen works, twice as many as have been shown heretofore, exhibited in eight gal- leries, and representing America, England, Scotland, Holland, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and Norway. The exhibition is broadly representative of the contemporaneous painting of the world, and is the most important exhibition ever shown in Pittsburgh, THE MUSIC HALL The Pittsburgh Orchestra is just completing its twelfth season of prosperous work. Some forty-two generous men have agreed to continue to provide a substantial backing for this organization, which is con- stantly going forward to higher artistic achievement under its able Director, Mr. Emil Paur. Mr. Hein- roth, who has played to-day, is now the organist, and he will give the usual free recitals twice every week, commencing in the near future. 92 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE MUSEUM The Museum, like the other departments, has already won a noble fame. Its activities are very great. It has sent thirty expeditions into the western coun- try to search for the extinct life of the past. The result has been the discovery of many specimens of mammals and reptiles new to science, some of them of colossal size. Not satisfied with prompting original research along these lines in North America, Mr. Car- negie has purchased the entire collection of Baron Ernst Bayet, of Brussels, containing one hundred and twenty thousand specimens in paleontology, and pre- sented them to the Museum. The collection of birds now numbers twenty-seven thousand specimens. The herbarium contains fifty thousand species of plants. An almost perfect group of models, illustrating the history and development of the art of transportation, has been made in the workshops of the Museum. The collections illustrating the indus- tries of the North American Indians are very extensive. The other sections have commenced their development on similar broad lines. In all, the Museum contains, at the present time, a million and a half of objects ranging in size from a microscopic beetle to the huge Diplodocus. Among its antiquities is a piece of jewelry taken from the mummy of the second king of the first Egyptian Dynasty, a razor with which a cotemporary of Joseph shaved his 93 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION face, and a boat which floated on the Nile sixteen hun- dred years before Abraham left Ur of the Chaldees. So even in a young country antiquity sometimes touches us with its hoar-frost. THE TECHNICAL SCHOOLS The Carnegie Technical Schools are located adjacent to the Carnegie Institute. The city of Pittsburgh has provided for them a site of thirty-two acres adjoining Schenley Park. Although the first foundations were laid only two years ago, the following departments have, thus far, been established : The School of Applied Science, offering day and night courses in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Mining, Metallurgical, and Chemical Engineering practice. The School for Apprentices and Journeymen, offering day and night courses for the training of skilled mechanics, journeymen, and foremen in the build- ing and manufacturing trades. The School of Applied Design, offering day and night courses in Architecture and Architectural Design. The Margaret Morrison Carnegie School for Women, offering day and night courses for the training of women for the home, and for distinctly women's trades and professions. The School opened its doors for students in October, 1905, and already the total number of students en- 94 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE rolled is nearly fourteen hundred, of whom two hun- dred are women students. The geographical distribu- tion of the students includes twenty-six states of the United States, and approximately one hundred and fifty cities. The teaching force exceeds ninety indi- viduals. A nominal tuition fee is charged all students. The chances for employment in an industrial community like Pittsburgh affords an opportunity for even the poorest boy to secure remunerative work while attend- ing school. AN INTERNATIONAL FOUNDER'S DAY Three years ago, the suggestion was made at this point on the program that it might be advantageous to the in- terests of the intellectual life to establish an annual cele- bration in all the institutions which have been created by Mr. Carnegie's generous use of wealth, not to ex- ploit the personality of any man, but to discuss simul- taneously upon many platforms the ideas which his institutions are constantly promoting. It seemed at first that the suggestion fell upon unheeding ears, but by and by it gained favor, and the trustees of the Car- negie Institute have learned that the great themes of literature and character and international peace are be- ing discussed this afternoon in five hundred Carnegie auditoriums in various portions of the world. We cannot forget that this splendid creation is the rallying-ground for the whole culture of the people of 95 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION this community. The people are thronging through its halls to study its paintings, to investigate the wonders of its Museum, to listen to its music, and to read its books. Besides this, ten thousand boys and girls are pleading for admission to its Technical Schools. The Carnegie Institute has risen up to stand like a torch of light in this community. [^Applause'] At the conclusion of the speeches, Mr. W. N. Frew, president of the Board of Trustees, announced the fol- lowing awards, which were made by the International Jury for the six best paintings in the exhibition of 1907: Medal of the First Class (gold) , carrying with it a prize of $1500, awarded to Gaston La Touche, St. Cloud, France, for his painting entitled "The Bath." Medal of the Second Class (silver) , carrying with it a prize of $1000, awarded to Thomas Eakins, Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania, for his painting entitled "Portrait of Professor Leslie Miller." Medal of the Third Class (bronze), carrying with it a prize of $500, awarded to Olga de Boznanska, for her painting entitled "Portrait of a Woman." Honorable Mention, W. Granville-Smith, New York, for his painting entitled "The Old Mill." Honorable Mention, Maurice Greiffenhagen, London, England, for his painting entitled "Portrait of Mrs. Maurice Greiffenhagen." 96 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Honorable Mention, Lawton S. Parker, Chicago, Illi- nois, for his painting entitled "An English Girl." These announcements were received with great ap- plause. Mr. Heinroth then played "Toccato," by Edwin Fleuret, on the organ, completing the program for the afternoon. 97 B u 3 THURSDAY NIGHT 'he Hall of Music was occupied by a bril- liant and splendid audience on Thursday evening, assembled to hear the per- formance by the Pittsburgh Orchestra, which was conducted by the Director, Mr. Emil Paur, except that the selection "Variations for Orchestra, op. 36," was played under the direction of Sir Edward Elgar, the composer. The intermission af- forded an opportunity for the citizens of Pittsburgh to be introduced to the foreign guests of the Carnegie In- stitute in the beautiful foyer. The program of the con- cert was as follows : 99 Symphonic Poem, "Les Preludes" Liszt Symphony, "Pathetic," No. 6 . . . Tschaikoivsky Adagio : Allegro non troppo. Allegro con grazia. Allegro molto vivace. Finale : Adagio Lamentoso. (By request.) INTERMISSION OF FIFTEEN MINUTES Variations for Orchestra, op. 36 Elgar (First time in Pittsburgh) Conducted by the Composer Two Preludes, from Acts I and III of "Lohengrin" Waldweben, from "Siegfried" .... Ride of the Walkiiries, from "Die Walkiire" Wagner 100 u CO u 'c O O FRIDAY MORNING , N Friday morning, after the visiting guests had made a most interesting inspection of the Carnegie Technical Schools, they were escorted to the Hall of Music, where an- other great audience awaited their coming upon the platform. Representatives were present from a very large number of the universities and colleges throughout the world, and addresses of congratulation and good-will were presented in the following order : lOl MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF EDUCATION WASHINGTON April 10, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute My dear Mr. Church: The dedication of the new building of the Carnegie Institute can not be regarded as a merely local event. It is an event of national interest and importance. In a hundred different ways this Institute, with its greatly enlarged and improved equipment, is a contribution to the higher life of the country at large. The immediate event and the continued influence of which it marks the beginning can not fail to quicken the finer artistic ten- dencies of our people to the remotest community. I believe, accordingly, that the country at large shares in the satisfaction which this occasion must bring to the people of Pittsburgh. With cordial greeting, I am, believe me, Very truly yours, Elmer Ellsworth Brown Commissioner 102 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA Philadelphia, March 18, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, watching with satisfaction the rapid development of scientific and' educational activity in the busy center of industry at the opposite end of the great state in which we are both situated, takes much pleasure in congratu- lating the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh on its past contributions to scientific progress, and felicitates it on the becoming available of the splendid plant and equipment, the dedication of which should stand as a milestone in the progress of our nation. I have the honor to be, on behalf of this Academy, Yours very truly, J. Percy Moore Corresponding Secretary 103 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF ST. LOUIS St. Louis, Mo., April i, 1907 The Academy of Science of St. Louis extends greet- ings and sincerely regrets its inability to accept the in- vitation of the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute to participate in the Dedication of the New Building on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, April the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth, one thousand nine hundred and seven, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. H. Aug. Hunicke Corresponding Secretary St. Louis, Mo. 104 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE Auburn, Ala., March 20th, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: I am just in receipt of your cordial invitation to the faculty and myself to attend the public ceremonies of the dedication of the Carnegie Institute, April 1 1-12- 13, 1907. In reply, I wish to express to you our appre- ciation of the cordial words of your invitation and to say that were it in the range of possibility we should be greatly pleased to be present on the delightful occa- sion. The magnitude of the enterprise is certainly im- pressive. It is a colossal monument to the generosity of the patron, Mr. Carnegie, and is certainly a colossal agency for the betterment not only of the community of Pittsburgh but of the entire nation. We wish you all success. lam. Very sincerely yours, Chas. C. Thach President 105 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION ALLEGHENY COLLEGE The faculty of Allegheny College extends hearty con- gratulations to the Board of Trustees and Officers of the Carnegie Institute upon the dedication of their new building. Highly favored with an unusually generous foundation, through the liberality of one whose bene- factions to the cause of higher education are potent for culture and enlightenment, the uplifting and richly beneficent influence of your institution is not limited to a city or commonwealth ; the entire nation participates in your benefits and feels the impulse of your endeavor. Our debt as a college is greater, our appreciation of your acknowledged ascendency the more vital, by rea- son of our proximity; and in consequence we desire, upon this occasion, not only to express our pleasure over your enlarged good fortune but to acknowledge as well, our deep sense of obligation. William H. Crawford President C. F. Ross Secretary Meadville, Pennsylvania April the eleventh Nineteen Hundred and Seven 106 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PA. Braddock, Pa., April i, 1907 To THE Board of Trustees OF THE Carnegie Institute On behalf of the public schools of Allegheny County, which we have the honor to represent, we beg to offer our sincere congratulations upon the completion of the Carnegie Institute. The public schools make it possible for every child to learn to read ; the library makes it possible for each to read to learn. The public schools open the way to science, art, and culture; the Carnegie Institute offers the best in these fields. The public schools deal largely with the knowledge of things essential, practical, and useful; the Carnegie Institute offers both culture and utility. The public schools need the aid of this Insti- tute to open the realms of culture that lie beyond the limits of elementary education ; the Carnegie Institute needs the aid of the public schools to open the avenues that lead to these feeding grounds of culture. Thus, the elementary schools and the Carnegie Institute are complementary. Each needs what the other can give. And, on behalf of the seventeen hundred teachers and 107 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION the seventy thousand pupils in the schools of our county, we again offer our congratulations. Every man is either a moral beggar or a moral bene- factor; he leaves the world poorer or richer than he found it. We commend Mr. Carnegie for his altruistic efforts. He has maintained his interest in humanity; his faith in what knowledge, science, art, and culture will do; he has invested his money in this Institute; he has recognized one of the many obligations of wealth, and our hope is that the angels will write his reward in the record of the lives made better by his generosity. Sam'l Hamilton Superintendent 108 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, WASHINGTON, D. C. Washington, D. C, March 14, 1907 To THE Board of Trustees Carnegie Institute Sirs: I wish to extend, on behalf of the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, to your Board, to the City of Pittsburgh, and to all interested in Amer- ican Science and Art, very hearty congratulations on the occasion of the dedication of your new building. The establishment of your Institute upon such a broad basis marks an epoch in the history of American pro- gress. Very truly yours, L. O. Howard Permanent Secretary 109 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS New York, April 2nd, 1907 To THE Trustees of the Carnegie Institute The American Institute of Electrical Engineers con- gratulates the Carnegie Institute upon its opportunity to make Pittsburgh as prominent educationally as it is industrially, upon the high artistic and scientific ideals of its founders, and upon the magnificent equipment made available by the wise beneficence of Andrew Car- negie. Samuel Sheldon President 116 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY The American Museum of Natural History sends its greetings to the Carnegie Institute and rejoices that the ceremonies of April eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth will dedicate to Science, Art, and Education an institu- tion that is grand in its conception, wide in its scope, impressive in its execution, an agent for the improve- ment of men and a fit monument to the wisdom of its founder. Morris K. Jesup President New York March thirteenth One thousand nine hundred and seven 111 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION AMHERST COLLEGE The President and Faculty of Amherst College pre- sent greetings to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute and tender their congratulations upon the dedication of the new and splendid building to be devoted under their direction to the promotion of sound learning and the advancement of natural science. We rejoice that through the munificence of one who has already done so much to aid the cause of education and the prosecution of scientific research you are en- abled to join the group of learned institutions that has made your State famous from the foundation of the Republic. Given at Amherst, Massachusetts, on the eighth day of April in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and seven. The President and Faculty of Amherst College by George D. Olds Acting President Edward Hitchcock Dean [seal] 112 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY HELD AT PHILADELPHIA FOR PROMOTING USEFUL KNOWLEDGE SENDS CORDIAL GREETINGS TO THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE on the completion of its organization with all its de- partments exerting their beneficent influence in pro- moting useful knowledge. This Society feels pride in the fact that it is one of its own members, who, with rare intelligence, conceived the Institute and endowed it on a scale of liberality which is without parallel in history. As the oldest Society in America, itself consecrated by the immortal Franklin to the promotion of useful knowledge, the American Philosophical Society takes pleasure in recording its high appreciation of the mag- nificent benefaction, and in expressing the hope that the Carnegie Institute through all time may justify the high anticipation of its distinguished founder. Signed and sealed on behalf of the American Philosoph- ical Society held at Philadelphia for promoting Use- ful Knowledge, April 5, 1907. Edgar F. Smith President [seal] Attest: I. Minis Hays Secretary MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION ARMOUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Chicago, III., March 15, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: The authorities of the Armour Institute of Technol- ogy in the City of Chicago desire most cordially to con- gratulate you upon the event of dedication, which marks so splendidly the progress, and announces so fully the hopes, of the Carnegie Institute. Perhaps no institution in the Central West will be more intimately acquainted with the appeal which the Carnegie Insti- tute must make to the young manhood of our country than our own Armour Institute of Technology. There can be no competition where there is such boundless opportunity, save that noble emulation which must be forceful in binding two such institutions together in the common cause of education, especially in the realms we have chosen. With the late Mr. P. D. Armour, I surveyed several years ago the magnificent field into which you now go with such inspiring prospects. His successors and our 114 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE officers hereby congratulate you and rejoice in this hour of almost unmatched significance to the youth of our land. t^ • i r n r aithiully yours, F. W. GUNSAULUS President THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO Chicago, April 9, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: The pleasant duty falls to me of conveying to the Carnegie Institute the congratulations of the Trustees of the Art Institute of Chicago upon the opening of the new building. We count upon a continuance of the cooperation be- tween the two institutions which has been so agreeable and beneficial in the past. It can not be doubted that the influence of the Car- negie Institute will be increased in proportion to the enlargement of its facilities. Assurances are not needed of the friendship of the Art Institute. Yours most cordially, W. M. R. French Director MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION BOWDOIN COLLEGE To THE Board of Trustees OF the Carnegie Institute The President and Faculty of Bowdoin College de- sire to offer to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute their cordial felicitations upon the dedication of the new building which adds the charm of architectural stateliness to the Institute, as well as the promise of in- creased efficiency in the work to which it is dedicated, and in which it is honorably engaged. They embrace the opportunity, also, to express their profound appreciation of the generous and noble pur- pose of the Founder of the Institute, and of the very important service which it has already rendered, and is now still better fitted to render, to its students, to the public, and to the cause of Art and Learning in this country. William DeWitt Hyde President of Bowdoin College Brunswick, Maine 30th March, 1907 116 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE MUSEUM BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Brooklyn, N. Y., April 1st, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: The dedication of the new building of the Carnegie Institute marks the beginning of the second decade of its existence and the best wish that can possibly be ex- pressed is that its progress in the future may be as rapid and sure as has been its progress during the past ten years. Believe me, Sincerely yours, Frederic A. Lucas Curator-in- Chief 117 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION BROWN UNIVERSITY Providence, R. L, April 4, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: On behalf of Brown University, I beg leave to join the representatives of hundreds of educational institu- tions all over the world in extending warmest felicita- tions to the Carnegie Institute on the occasion of the dedication of its new building. Other events may take more space in the newspapers, and arouse more public discussion ; but no event could possibly mean more for the future of education in America. Not only will the work done under the roof of the new building be in it- self significant, but the influence of that work in moulding ideals and conceptions of education through- out the country and the world will be most weighty and enduring. The Corporation and Faculty of Brown University join in wishing to the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute all possible success and constant growth. Sincerely yours, W. H. L. Faunce President 118 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE BUFFALO FINE ARTS ACADEMY ALBRIGHT ART GALLERY Buffalo, N. Y., April 8, 1907 S. H. Church, Esq. Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: On behalf of the Directors of the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, I desire to express to your Board the hearty congratulations of our institution upon the important increase in your facilities for doing good work for art. The splendid liberality of Mr. Carnegie should do a great deal toward advancing interest in art not only in Pittsburgh but throughout the United States. Your institution, with its splendid facilities and the reputation which it is acquiring by reason of its annual exhibition, should be the means of attracting many vis- itors to Pittsburgh and of encouraging increased know- ledge of and interest in the contemporary art of our time. With the hope that the future efforts of the Carnegie 119 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Institute may be attended with even greater success than that which has crowned them in the past, On behalf of the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, I am, Very sincerely yours, Charles M. Kurtz Director BRYN MAWR COLLEGE Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1907 The Faculty of Bryn Mawr College desires to offer its congratulations to the Board of Trustees of the Car- negie Institute on the completion of its new building, — a notable addition not merely to the magnificent equipment of the Institute but to the educational forces of the state and the nation. In behalf of the Faculty, M. Carey Thomas President Joseph W. Warren Secretary To the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute 120 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, D. C, The Trustees of the Carnegie Institution of Washing- ton extend Greetings and Congratulations to the Trustees and the Officers of the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh on the occasion of the Dedication of their New Building and the Celebration of their Eleventh Anniversary. Along with sentiments of admiration for the achieve- ments of the Carnegie Institute during the first decade of its history, all sister organizations must entertain confident hopes that this is but the first of many dec- ades of notable achievement and progress. Animated especially by such sentiments and hopes, the Trustees of the Carnegie Institution of Washing- ton salute the Trustees and the Officers of the Car- negie Institute of Pittsburgh and wish for them and their enterprise a prolonged era of prosperity in the dissemination of knowledge and in the promotion of public good. Robert S. Woodward President [seal] 121 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION CASE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCE Cleveland, Ohio, March 21, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: The Trustees and Faculty of the Case School of Applied Science wish to congratulate the Carnegie In- stitute upon the completion of its new building. We believe that this institute with its various departments will appeal to every class of people, and will be the means of doing an infinite amount of good. We heartily congratulate not only you but the citizens of Pitts- burgh upon the magnificent work which you are doing and which you will do more effectively because of this addition to your equipment. Very truly yours, Charles S. Howe Prestdest 122 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE CINCINNATI MUSEUM ASSOCIATION Cincinnati, Ohio, gth April, 1907 To THE Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Dear Sirs: On the occasion of the Dedication of the New Building of the Carnegie Institute the Cincinnati Mu- seum Association tenders its congratulations to the citi- zens of Pittsburgh in possessing an institution so effi- ciently equipped for the advancement of art and science through the public spirit of Mr. Andrew Car- negie. Respectfully yours, J. H. Gest Director 123 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION CLARK UNIVERSITY Worcester, Mass., March 14, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: I present to the Carnegie Institute herewith the con- gratulations of the Trustees and Faculty of Clark Uni- versity upon the inauguration of what promises to be the most comprehensive and effective higher technical school in the world. Your founder has already done more for the cause of education both in its special and in its popular field, and that for two continents, than any man who has ever lived in either. This institution is a fit culmination of the educational system of one of the greatest industries of the world where mastery of technical processes gave our country command in this field of the world's market. Very sincerely yours, G. Stanley Hall President 124 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE CLEMSON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson College, S. C, March ii, 1907 President W. N. Frew Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: We extend to you and the Institute over which you so ably preside, our congratulations in the successful completion of the new building. You are fortunate in having placed under your administration such large sums of money for the equipment of the Carnegie Insti- tute, and we wish the institution the full enjoyment of the bright future before it. Very truly yours, P. H. Mell President 125 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION THE COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK I HAVE the honor to present to the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, standing on the edge of the great valley that lies between the mountains, the cordial salutation of The College of the City that lies at the eastern gate of the continent. The future of the Nation is to depend increasingly upon its urban populations, and Democracy can not triumph except through their enlightening and en- nobling. I bear the Institute, its founder, its nourishers and its teachers the best of good wishes in their great plans and endeavors. John H. Finley President April 12, 1907 126 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE COLORADO COLLEGE Colorado Springs, Colo., Mar. 14, 1907 Mr. W. N. Frew President, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear President Frew: The Board of Trustees and Faculty of Colorado Col- lege extend very warm congratulations to the Board of Trustees and Faculty of the Carnegie Institute over the completion of their buildings and the great promise of usefulness which the institution offers to the whole country. Nothing that our great philanthropist has done promises more than the creation of this great foundation. With high regard, Believe me. Very sincerely yours, William F. Slocum 127 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES Golden, Colo., March 15th, 1907 The Colorado School of Mines desires to express its appreciation of the importance of this event — the pass- ing of another milestone in the upward progress of education and civilization — and to add a word of com- mendation to the generous donor who sees humanity writ large. 128 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY New York, April lo, 1907 Columbia University offers hearty greeting to the Carnegie Institute on the occasion of the formal dedica- tion of its buildings and equipment to the work for which they have been planned. That work is nothing less than bringing to a great population, gathered at an industrial center of the first magnitude, the re- sources of modern science, modern art, and modern skill, with a view to preparing better young men and women for the actual work of life, and to the develop- ment of those traits and characteristics which enter most largely into good citizenship and the highest personal usefulness. Columbia University welcomes this new and power- ful agency to affect and uplift the educational system of the United States. It offers greeting cordial and sin- cere, with every wish for a long career of uninterrupted prosperity and usefulness. Nicholas Murray Butler President 129 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION YALE UNIVERSITY CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FOUNDED IN I799 New Haven, Conn., April 9, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: The President and Council of the Connecticut Acad- emy of Arts and Sciences herewith transmit to you their hearty congratulations upon the dedication of your building. We honor the founder of your Institute, welcome you to the circle of learned societies, in which we have labored more than one hundred years, and wish you the largest measure of success in the work be- fore you, which you approach under such happy and favorable auspices. Respectfully yours, John Christopher Schwab For the President and Council of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 130 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE CORNELL UNIVERSITY To THE Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Cornell University extends to the Carnegie Institute salutations and hearty congratulations. It welcomes with high hopes the inauguration of a noble enterprise in which the true, the beautiful, and the useful appear as parts of one splendid plan. It recognizes with ad- miration the munificence and far-seeing purpose of one who has done so much for the City of Pittsburgh and for the advancement of the higher interests of the whole nation. That the Carnegie Institute through the centuries may be a benediction to the Republic is the ardent wish and confident expectation of Cornell University. J. G. SCHURMAN President [seal] Cornell University Ithaca, New York April 12th, 1907 131 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION DETROIT MUSEUM OF ART Detroit, Mich., April ii, 1907 To THE Trustees Carnegie Institute Dear Sirs: In behalf of the officers and trustees of the Detroit Museum of Art, I beg to present to the Carnegie Insti- tute of Pittsburgh, the sincere congratulations of this institution in having such a magnificent building en- dowed with such ample means. The City of Pittsburgh is also to be congratulated in having among her citizens a gentleman endowed with the boundless generosity of Mr. Andrew Carnegie. The Carnegie Institute, — among the greatest if not the greatest of its kind, — is made possible through his loyalty to the city where he won success, and in whose success he was so large a factor. It is not only a monu- ment to Mr. Carnegie, but a monument to the whole country, and can not fail to be far-reaching in its in- fluence in inspiring others, in other cities, to follow up the splendid work that leads to the betterment of man- kind. Very respectfully yours, A. H. Griffith Director 132 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE DICKINSON COLLEGE Carlisle, Pa., March 14th, 1907 To THE Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: As President of Dickinson College, one of the oldest institutions of collegiate rank in the country, permit me, in the name of the Trustees and Faculty, to extend hearty congratulations upon the completion of the splendid New Building to be dedicated April 1 1-13, and which will stand as a further illustration of the broad public spirit and thoughtfulness of its distin- guished donor. Very truly yours, George Edward Reed President of Dickinson College 133 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION DRAKE UNIVERSITY Des Moines, Iowa, April 4, 1907 To THE Board of Trustees Carnegie Institute My dear Sirs: It is not saying too much to assert that no educa- tional institution in the history of the world at the time of its dedication has started with such splendid equipment and endowment as the Carnegie Institute. It is a just source of pride to every citizen of the United States that we have among us a man of such foresight and ability as Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Per- haps from no other private citizen have come such bene- ficent gifts to higher education ; nor is it probable that in this, his example will be surpassed in the future. The Carnegie Institute is one of the greatest monu- ments to his name and fame throughout the world. The work that it is equipped to do needs to be done. The surpassing excellence of the equipment of this in- stitution gives assurance that it will be well done. Rejoicing in this auspicious occasion, Drake Uni- versity felicitates the Board of Trustees of Carnegie Institute upon the dedication of one of the most re- markable educational foundations that has ever been established in any country in all the world's history. Very sincerely. Hill M. Bell President 134 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE FREE LIBRARY OF PHILADELPHIA To THE Trustees of the Carnegie Institute The Trustees of the Free Library of Philadelphia, beneficiaries of the generous gift of Mr. Andrew Car- negie for branch library buildings in Philadelphia, ask leave to join in hearty congratulations on the open- ing of the new building of the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh. This munificent endowment will per- petuate the name of Mr. Carnegie in the city which saw his successful establishment of the great industries that have made Pittsburgh famous. Now the Car- negie Institute will extend to thousands the benefit of manual training and higher education in the arts and sciences that owe so much to the wise gifts of Mr. Car- negie in this and other countries. The Trustees of the Free Library of Philadelphia wish the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh a long and prosperous career of usefulness as the best monument to its great founder and benefactor. Pittsburgh and Philadelphia join in acknowledgment of the debt of the people of Pennsylvania to its great citizen, An- drew Carnegie. J. G. ROSENGARTEN President Attest: John Thomson Librarian and Secretary 135 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA New York, 5 April, 1907 My dear Sir: The Geological Society of America certainly con- gratulates the Carnegie Institute most heartily upon the completion of its building and the opening of its valuable collections to the public. The establishment in Pittsburgh of the five great departments in science, literature and art provided for through the munifi- cence of Mr. Andrew Carnegie has already had a great effect upon the encouragement and advancement of learning in the world, and the outlook for future good from the same endowment seems almost unlimited. Expressing thus the felicitations of all the working geologists of the country, I am. Sincerely yours, E. O. HOVEY Secretary Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute 136 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Washington, D. C, March ii, 1907 To the President and Board of Trustees OF THE Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: I am directed by the Board of Trustees and the Fac- ulties of The George Washington University to pre- sent their congratulations to you upon the completion and dedication of the new building, and upon the splendid equipment and endowment of the Carnegie Institute. The future greatness of your institution seems already assured. Its broad and comprehensive plans for its departments of Fine Arts, Scientific Mu- seum, Public Library, School of Music, and the Car- negie Technical Schools will make it one of the great- est educational centers in the United States. Surely Mr. Carnegie has never been more wise nor more gen- erous than he was when he established and endowed the Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh. On behalf of the University and also personally I wish for you the great success to which your equip- ment and location entitle you. With very great respect, I am. Sincerely yours, Chas. W. Needham President 137 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION GROVE CITY COLLEGE Grove City, Pa., March 15, 1907 To the Board of Trustees OF THE Carnegie Institute Greeting: The Trustees and Faculty of Grove City College desire to congratulate you on the conspicuous place in the great educational world which the institution you have the honor to direct has already attained, and to a,ssure you of our appreciation of the reflex influence in this great educational force upon the smaller and less conspicuous schools and colleges of this country. We assure you it is our sincere belief that the Car- negie Institute will occupy no second place among the educational institutions of this country. With most hearty felicitations, we are, Yours most sincerely, Isaac C. Ketler President 138 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Greeting: We send the congratulations of Harvard University to the Carnegie Institute upon the dedication of its Li- brary Building and upon the strong foundation on which the work of the whole Institute now rests. We rejoice that the Institute, enlarged and strengthened, has now so great an opportunity to demonstrate the saving benefits of education in a democracy and we be- lieve that the fruits of that demonstration will be per- vasive. The universities and colleges of America have already welcomed the Carnegie Institute as a vigorous fellow- worker in education; they renew that welcome to-day as they see the Institute emphatically proclaim- ing, in this presence, its faith in the dependence of a people's industrial and social well-being upon their in- tellectual and moral progress. The President and Fellows of Harvard College By Jerome D. Greene Secretary to the Corporation [seal] Cambridge, April 12, 1907 139 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION HAVERFORD COLLEGE Haverford, Pa., March 12, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: In common I doubt not with all other men interested in education in the State of Pennsylvania, it affords me much pleasure to note the approaching public cere- monies in connection with the opening of the Carnegie Institute. Pittsburgh and the whole State are to be congratulated upon the possession of such a beneficent institution. Please accept the congratulations of Haverford Col- lege. Very truly yours, Isaac Sharpless President 140 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE JOHN HERRON ART INSTITUTE The John Herron Art Institute, through the directors of the Art Association of Indianapolis, the Institute's parent organization, congratulates the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute on the noble trust they are called upon to administer. The directors of the Art Associa- tion express the belief that the hope of the generous founder that the art department will direct the Amer- ican people to the highest esthetic ideals will be fully realized, and that the people of the Middle West will especially profit by his great benefaction. Indianapolis, Ind. April lo, 1907 141 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY The Johns Hopkins University sends fraternal greet- ing to the Carnegie Institute, on the day of the auspi- cious beginning of a renewed career, with the sincere hope that it may, by reason of its comprehensive plans and its munificent resources, contribute in an eminent degree through all the generations to the progress and the welfare of the community in which it is placed, of the nation, and of the world. Ira Remsen President Edward H. Griffin Secretary of the Academic Council Baltimore, Md. March the twenty-second nineteen hundred and seven 142 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE LAFAYETTE COLLEGE The President and Faculty of Lafayette College heartily congratulate the Carnegie Institute upon the completion of its new building and upon the further development of the great work which has been en- trusted to its Board of Trustees. Lafayette College feels that every advance in the great work of education and the cultivation of a higher appreciation of litera- ture and art is of great significance to the larger useful- ness of the American people. It especially rejoices in the combination of departments embraced in the Car- negie Institute, so happily joining music and the fine arts with science and literature. Ethelbert D. Warfield President Easton, Pennsylvania March i6th, 1907 143 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY Appleton, Wisconsin, March 16, 1907 To the President and Trustees OF the Carnegie Institute Lawrence University extends its hearty congratula- tions to The Carnegie Institute on the occasion of the eleventh celebration of Founder's Day, and the dedica- tion of the new building of the Carnegie Library. It felicitates the Institute on the great work it is doing for society, and expresses the belief that in the domain of art and useful learning it occupies an especially con- spicuous place. With this new building, erected by the munificence of its founder, it is equipped to contribute more largely than would otherwise be possible to the enrichment of the country's civilization. May the In- stitute under the wise management of its officers and Trustees attain a prosperity and usefulness that shall exceed their greatest expectations. Samuel Plantz President 144 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE LEHIGH UNIVERSITY Lehigh University sends cordial greeting to the Car- negie Institute on the occasion of the dedication and formal opening of its New Building. To the Carnegie Institute Lehigh is already bound by close ties ; her sons find honored place among the In- stitute's Trustees and teachers, with the educational purpose of the Institute the University is in peculiar sympathy, and of the bounty of the munificent founder of the Institute Lehigh has herself received. These ties, and the belief that the work planned and so auspi- ciously begun by the Institute will redound, not merely to the benefit of the youth of Pittsburgh, but to a larger culture and truer ideals of education throughout our land, evoke from Lehigh at this time the sincerest con- gratulations and heartiest good wishes, and an earnest expression of hope that the cordial relations between the two Institutions may continue and intensify with succeeding years. Accepting with much pleasure the invitation of the Institute to be represented at the ceremonies, the Uni- versity has appointed thereto her President, Henry S. 145 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Drinker, LL. D., who will convey to the Institute as- surance in person of the University's regard and felici- tations. Lehigh University by Henry S. Drinker President Attest: C. L. Thornburg Secretary of the Faculty [seal] April 12, 1907 146 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY Stanford University, California, March 12, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: The Leland Stanford Junior University of Palo Alto, California, sends her greetings, her good wishes, and her highest hopes to the Carnegie Institute on the dedication of her new building. Alfred Mosely recently said that the keynote of American education is this: It trains for efficiency. "What strikes me most," he says, "is that your work- shops are filled with college-bred men. In England the university man is graduated into a frock coat and gloves; here he is educated into overalls." We of Stanford hope that this statement is true, and that through the centuries to come Stanford and Car- negie will stand shoulder to shoulder in educating uni- versity men into overalls — in training men, not prima- rily for culture, nor for erudition, nor for social ad- vancement, but for efficiency. Very truly yours, David Starr Jordan President 147 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION LEWIS INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO The Board of Managers of the Lewis Institute, of Chicago, joins with profound pleasure in the con- gratulations which are extended to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute on the occasion of the dedication of their New Building. The humane enterprise which is celebrated in this dedication is worthy of the sanest ideals of the great democracy in the midst of which it finds a home. It is not too much to say that an adequate understanding of the possibilities of this enterprise would awaken a thrill of admiration and of aspiration in the entire body of this generation of our common humanity. Chicago, April 5, 1907 148 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE LICK OBSERVATORY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Representing the Lick Observatory and its staff of astronomers, I beg to offer cordial congratulations upon the completion of the buildings and organization of the Carnegie Institute. The Lick Observatory is in full sympathy with the educational purposes of the Insti- tute. Whatever investigational work is worthy of the astronomer's effort is well worth giving to the people. W. W. Campbell Director Lick Observatory University of California MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY The Government and Faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology desire herewith to express to the Carnegie Institute, to its Founder, its Trustees and its Teachers, heartiest congratulations on an auspicious opening and best wishes for a splendid and useful future. Henry S. Pritchett President April 9, 1907 149 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART New York, April 1 1, 1907 To THE Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: The Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art of the City of New York, on the occasion of the dedica- tion of the new building of the Carnegie Institute, de- sire most heartily to congratulate the Institute not only on the completion of its building, and on the recent large increase of its endowment, but on the final con- summation of the broadly conceived plans of its gen- erous founder. The persons most to be congratulated on this occa- sion are the people of Pittsburgh and the still wider circle of those who avail of the opportunities for use- fulness which the Institute affords. The wise and able manner in which those opportunities have been placed at the disposal of the public hitherto is the best proof that the Institute has needed and deserved its present enlargement, and the best guaranty of its success in the future. For this you may be sure that you have the hearty good wishes of all who are working for the de- velopment of art as a factor of the educational system of this country. Robert W. de Forest Secretary, Metropolitan Museum of Art 150 V N C O pq X THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF MINES The Board of Control and the Faculty of the Michigan College of Mines send greeting and congratulation to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh on the occasion of the dedication of the magnificent build- ing which is hereafter to be its home. We hereby express our earnest wish that the Insti- tute so happily founded and so generously endowed, embodying such broad designs for the betterment of human conditions may meet with the largest success; and that within its sphere of influence it may widely diffuse the higher ideals of American citizenship. William Kelly Chairman of the Board of Control F. W. McNair President of the College [seal] Houghton, Michigan April 5, 1907 151 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION MINNESOTA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Minneapolis, Minn., April 8, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: On behalf of the Minnesota Academy of Science, having its headquarters here in Minneapolis, I wish to express the high appreciation of the members of this Academy towards the magnificent Art and Science In- stitute built in your city through the agency and contri- bution of the great fund presented by your illustrious citizen, Mr. Andrew Carnegie. As workers in this line of public educational facilities which I and my asso- ciates have been engaged in seeking to build up and make useful to the common citizenship of our common- wealth, and from the smaller work which we are able to accomplish, we can yet perceive the broad and exten- sive range of educational influence that will undoubt- edly come from the great institution to be dedicated by your Board on the 11th, 12th, and 13th of this month. On behalf of the Academy, I send our greetings, and wish to express our high appreciation of this great insti- tution of knowledge and learning, and hope and expect 152 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE for it a wide influence in disseminating a higher and better citizenship and the means of educational help that will be of the greatest service and advantage to future generations in your commonwealth. With highest appreciation, I remain, Very truly and sincerely yours, T. B. Walker President MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE South Hadley, Mass., March 26, 1907 Trustees of the Carnegie Institute My dear Sirs: Mount Holyoke College sends cordial congratula- tions upon the dedication of the Carnegie Institute. Every American college must rejoice with you in this magnificent gift to education. Believe me, Very sincerely yours, Mary E. Woolley President 153 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS Boston, Mass., April i, 1907 The Trustees of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston have the honor to present to the Trustees of the Car- negie Institute in Pittsburgh their cordial congratula- tions on the dedication of the new building to its three- fold purpose. They welcome the advent of another splendid symbol, and abundant source of popular en- lightenment in literature, science, and art. To the founder of the Institute they wish many years of happi- ness in giving happiness, and to his foundation success- ful administration in perpetuity. For the Trustees, Benj. Ives Gilman Temporary. Director 154 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN New York City, April 6th, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: I sincerely congratulate the Trustees and the City of Pittsburgh on the completion of this imposing edifice which marks an important step in public education in the United States. Yours respectfully, N. L. Britton Director-in- Chief 155 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION NEW YORK TRADE SCHOOL New York, March 15, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: The Trustees are to be congratulated on the con- summation of the great work which has been inaugu- rated and carried forward under their direction. The opportunities which the various departments of the In- stitute afford for the training of the mind and hand, and for the attainment of knowledge and culture, mean an enlarged field of usefulness and a richer life to many thousands. Incalculable good will result, not only to the City of Pittsburgh, but to the country at large, through the philanthropy of Mr. Carnegie. Particularly gratifying is the provision made in the Carnegie Technical Schools for the teaching of the handicrafts, for no small percentage of the youth of our land take to the various trades as a means of liveli- hood. Owing to the disappearance of the old-time system of apprenticeship, it is not only difficult but fre- quently impossible under existing trade conditions for 156 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE lads who are mechanically inclined to acquire a trade. We do not lack in schools for those who wish to enter the professions or who desire to follow a business ca- reer, but as yet, little has been done in this country to afford practical training to those who must work with the hand. As a co-worker in the field of trade school endeavor, we welcome the Carnegie Technical Schools. Very sincerely, H. V- Brill Superintendent 157 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION NEW YORK UNIVERSITY New York, April 6, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: New York University, through its Senate, represent- ing all the Faculties, rejoices that the intellect which has wrought for a generation at Pittsburgh, will now, by entering into wedlock with the Carnegie Institute, raise up a family of sons to help subdue nature to the welfare of man through coming generations. Very truly yours, Henry Mitchell MacCracken Chancellor 158 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL PARK New York, March i8th, 1907 To THE Board of Trustees OF the Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: It is the world at large which is to be congratulated upon the completion of the Greater Carnegie Insti- tute ; but the Founder and the Trustees are entitled to the felicitations of all lovers of science, art, and litera- ture on this splendid consummation of their labors. It is profoundly gratifying to see an institution created on a plan of such magnificent scope, and its abiding-place fashioned and perfected without a long and wearisome delay. It is good to see a great center of higher educational development rise full-fledged into front-rank existence, and stand forth as a model for other Founders and other Trustees to follow. The world hopes much of the Carnegie Institute, and is bound to offer it perpetual sympathy, good-will, and admiration. Yours faithfully, William T. Hornaday Director 159 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EvANSTON, Illinois, March 22, 1907 To THE Carnegie Institute The President of Northwestern University, on be- half of the University and its Trustees, offers to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute most sincere con- gratulations upon the completion of its new building. The establishment and endowment of the Institute marks an epoch in the history of education. Its prog- ress will be watched with great interest by every friend of education and culture. By Abram W. Harris President 160 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE OBERLIN COLLEGE Oberlin, Ohio, March 12, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: Oberlin College is very glad indeed to join in heartiest congratulations to the Carnegie Institute upon the completion of its splendid new building, and the working out of the comprehensive and significant plans that must mean so much, not only for Pittsburgh and its vicinity, but for the country at large. Sincerely yours, Henry Churchill King President 161 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION PEABODY MUSEUM Salem, Mass., March 21, 1907 East India Marine Hall Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute The Peabody Academy of Science sends greetings to the Carnegie Institute and to its founder whose wise benefactions parallel the work of the free public school system of the country in the diffusion of knowledge among the masses. G. A. Peabody President, Board of Trustees Edward S. Morse Director of the Museum 162 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE PEOPLES INSTITUTE New York, April 12, 1907 The Peoples Institute heartily congratulates the Car- negie Institute on the splendid gift it has received upon its Eleventh Anniversary. Any city of the country would be proud and happy to possess such rich means for education and inspira- tion in all directions as the renewed Institute with its Halls, Museums, and, not the least, its abundant facil- ities for technical instruction affords. It has been a pleasure and a privilege for a representative of the In- stitute to participate in the exercises of the festival. With the wish that each year may bring increasing success to the work so well begun, the Peoples Insti- tute rejoices with the Carnegie Institute in the rich future opening before it. Charles Sprague Smith Managing Director 163 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION THE POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE BROOKLYN, NEW YORK To the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, with its splen- did endowment of means and men and ideals, the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn brings cordial greet- ing. For the achievements of this foundation, present and to come, the Polytechnic feels admiration and a sympathy born of kindred aims. In the practical phil- anthropy here exhibited it recognizes a boon, not only to Pittsburgh, but to the country at large. For Amer- ica may well rejoice that through the wisdom and munifi- cence of one of her sons she is here enabled, in an era marked by the development of technical education and the upbuilding of an efficient democracy, to realize in this great Institute an ideal that can not fail to make for the fullest manhood and the finest citizenship. Fred W. Atkinson President April eleventh, 1907 164 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE PRATT INSTITUTE Brooklyn, N. Y., March 26, 1907 To THE President and Trustees The Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: In behalf of the Pratt Institute, I beg to extend to you our congratulations and best wishes on the happy occasion of the dedication of the Carnegie Institute. We understand and appreciate the unique opportunity that presents itself to you. You have a wonderful equipment; you have earnest, intelligent men to direct and conduct your work; and you have in Mr. Carnegie a wise benefactor, who has learned to safeguard his enthusiasms, and who knows how to give to help and not to harm. This is an eventful day in the history of art and in- dustrial education in this country, and the entire nation looks to you for pioneer effort in these two lines of work. Pratt Institute believes you will be equal to your opportunity and sends you its good wishes for your success. Cordially yours, Frederic H. Pratt Secretary 165 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION PURDUE UNIVERSITY The Trustees and Faculty of Purdue University unite in extending to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute congratulations upon the occasion of the dedication of the New Building, and in expressing the hope that the great enterprises included in the Carnegie Institute may long continue to serve humanity through the me- dium of rational education. W. E. Stone President Lafayette, Indiana March twentieth Nineteen Hundred Seven 166 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE RADCLIFFE COLLEGE Cambridge, Mass., April 4, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: The Council of Radcliffe College sends congratula- tions to the Carnegie Institute, and wishes it all success in its great work. Yours very truly, L. B. R. Briggs President 167 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE Troy, N. Y., Mar. 18, 1907 The Board of Trustees Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: The Board of Trustees of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute send sincere congratulations to your Board upon the occasion of the dedication of the new build- ing of the Carnegie Institute. They appreciate the wonderful work which the splendid gifts of Mr. An- drew Carnegie will permit you and your successors to do in the future and recognize the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh as one more monument among the many which this great philanthropist has erected in the cause of education. Very respectfully, Palmer C. Ricketts President 168 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE ROSE POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE Terre Haute, Ind., April 7, 1907 Carnegie Institute To THE Honorable THE Board of Trustees Gentlemen: The Rose Polytechnic Institute sends to the Car- negie Institute, upon this, the auspicious day of the dedication of its buildings, Greeting. It congratulates the Institute upon having accom- plished so much in its brief history and predicts for it in the future far greater usefulness, success, and achievement. Especially to the Carnegie Technical Schools do we offer felicitation; engaged in kindred fields of work, our greetings are especially fraternal. Through it, as well as all departments, will the welfare and happi- ness of our people be furthered. The Institute will stand for all time a monument in testimony of the philanthropy, wise sympathy, and generosity of its founder. Sincerely, C. L. Mees President 169 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION SIMMONS COLLEGE The Corporation of Simmons College sends its heartiest congratulations to the Trustees of the Car- negie Institute on the completion of their magnificent edifice and wishes for them the greatest success in their generous efforts for the encouragement of art, literature, science, and industry. Transmitted by direction of the Corporation this eleventh day of March, one thousand nine hundred and seven. Henry Lefavour President [seal] Boston, Mass. 170 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: On behalf of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches, including the United States National Mu- seum, I have the honor and pleasure to express sincere congratulations to the Carnegie Institute, which is to dedicate its new building at Pittsburgh, April ii, 12, and 13, 1907, with imposing public ceremonies. It is a subject of universal satisfaction that the mu- nificent endowment of the Institute enables it to take a place at once in the front rank of establishments de- voted to the advancement of Science and Art, and the Smithsonian Institution rejoices heartily that the founder of the Carnegie Institute has so wisely and abundantly equipped the Institute for its great work. V^ery respectfully yours, Charles D. Walcott Secretary [seal] 171 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION STEVENS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HoBOKEN, N. J., April 8, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church, Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Mr. Church: I can not let this occasion go by without attempting to convey through you to the Trustees, the Directors, and especially to Mr. Carnegie the hearty good wishes of the Stevens Institute of Technology, the pioneer in the college education in Mechanical Engineering. Mr. Carnegie has given you gentlemen of Pittsburgh an opportunity to do a work which should be epoch- making. I can not help reflecting on the immense re- sponsibility which will rest upon you gentlemen in connection with this colossal benefaction. While we at the Institute are concentrating upon a single line of effort, you will be called upon to be active along many lines of activity, for you have before you the whole field of instruction in technology, art, and the applica- tion of art to technical work. In this connection you will be able to do much towards the solution of the 172 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE problems now facing this nation in connection with the relations between capital and labor. Stevens Institute wishes you Godspeed in the work intrusted to you. Respectfully and sincerely yours, Alex. C. Humphreys President SWARTHMORE COLLEGE SwARTHMORE, Pa., March 12, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: Permit me on behalf of Swarthmore College to most heartily congratulate the Trustees of Carnegie Insti- tute of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on the tremendous promise of usefulness of the great institution of learn- ing which you are about to dedicate. It will far sur- pass, so far as I know, any other such institution in the world, and it bids fair to be one of the most useful of the many great benefactions of Andrew Carnegie for which he has become so justly famous. Respectfully, Joseph Swain President MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY Syracuse, N. Y., March 26th, 1907 Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Pittsburgh, Pa. Gentlemen: We all take a deep and lively interest in the great Institute and congratulate you upon the extension of its facilities by the erection of this new building. We feel that something of a kinship is established between the Carnegie Institute and Syracuse Uni- versity by the erection of a magnificent library upon our campus by your renowned founder. The character and scope of the Carnegie Institute does not only great credit to Mr. Carnegie's philan- thropy but also to his clear and broad concept of the educational demands of his time and his country. Very truly yours, James R. Day Chancellor 174 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KANSAS CITY Kansas City, Mo., April 8, 1907 To Andrew Carnegie, Esq., AND THE City of Pittsburgh, Greeting: Accept the unbounded congratulations of the Tech- nological Society of Kansas City upon the completion of the invaluable Schools for Technical Advancement, the opening of which you now celebrate, and the be- stowal of which is an act of unparalleled philanthropy. Science and art as fostered and developed in your new institution are the keystone and pillars of civilized life. Pittsburgh's son, Andrew Carnegie, is strengthening his home city by this foundation as perhaps no other may do. Beneficial results beyond imagination will be the heritage of Pittsburgh, and Pennsylvania, and Amer- ica, and the whole world from this Fountain of Know- ledge. J. ROBT. MOECHEL President 175 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION THOMAS S. CLARKSON MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY Potsdam, New York, April ii, 1907 The Founders and Trustees of the Thomas S. Clark- son Memorial School of Technology extend greetings and heartiest congratulations to Mr. Carnegie and the Trustees of the Institute upon the opening and dedica- tion of its new buildings. 176 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE TRINITY COLLEGE Trinity College, in Hartford, Connecticut, extends its heartiest greetings to the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, upon the occasion of the dedication of the new building, and the College congratulates the Insti- tute upon that most happy union of forces making for civilization and progress which the associated depart- ments so notably represent. From the Library, the Present may gather all that is best in the Past, and hand it on, splendidly trans- muted, to the Future. The Gallery of Art and School of Music will minister perpetually to the influences that beautify life, exalt the spirit and ennoble the imagination. The Scientific Museum, broadly con- ceived, will provide the materials for the study and interpretation of Nature in its countless phases. And, finally, the Technical Schools, with their high mission of applying knowledge to the great problems of civil- ization, of dignifying labor and rendering its service more and more beneficent and useful, will contribute vastly to the betterment of life and living in this our nation; for through their development of the genius of the great engineer, through their skilled guidance of 177 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION the worker's hand and head, and through their inculca- tion of the lesson that to the humblest handiwork the highest art may be brought, a nobler ideal of citizen- ship will certainly be uplifted before the eyes of all people. Flavel S. Luther President W. N. Carlton Secretary of the Faculty [seal] April 12th, 1907 178 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA New Orleans, 12 April, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church, Secretary, Carnegie Institute My dear Mr. Church: I am happy to bring from the Faculty of the Tulane University of Louisiana sincerest greetings to the Fac- ulty of the Carnegie Institute. I am happy to bring from New Orleans congratulations to the great and growing city of Pittsburgh, which to-day becomes the seat of the most splendidly housed, equipped, and en- dowed Institute of Art, Science, and Technology in the world. I am happy to bring from the people of the en- tire Southland a message of affection and esteem to Mr. Andrew Carnegie, the foremost citizen of the Anglo-Saxon World, upbuilder of the invisible yet ever-advancing, ever-widening, and immortal empire of knowledge; the master spirit in the coming Parlia- ment of Man, the first real President of the United States of the World Very truly yours, E. B. Craighead President 179 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION TUSKEGEE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE TusKEGEE Institute, Alabama, March 25, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: I have the honor on behalf of the Faculty of the Tus- kegee Normal and Industrial Institute to extend most cordial greetings to the Board of Trustees of the Car- negie Institute on the occasion of the formal dedica- tion of the Institute on Thursday, Friday, and Satur- day, April 11, 12, and 13, 1907. We rejoice with you that that great citizen of the Republic, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, has erected at Pitts- burgh a monument to education which will for all time serve as a torch to enlighten mankind in the arts and sciences. We heartily congratulate you upon the great oppor- tunity for service which has so splendidly been pro- vided for you. Faithfully yours, Booker T. Washington Principal 180 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNION COLLEGE Schenectady, N. Y., March 12, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: Union College wishes to have a place among those who present their congratulations to the Carnegie In- stitute upon the occasion of the dedication of the new building. We rejoice in everything that promises large usefulness for the Institute, and with these greetings we offer our best wishes for the future. Yours sincerely. Andrew V. V. Raymond President Union College 181 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY HEADQUARTERS West Point, N. Y., March 14, 1907 The Trustees, Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: On behalf of the Military Academy I beg to offer congratulations upon the auspicious occasion of the dedication of the magnificent new building of the Carnegie Institute, marking as it does a momentous in- crease in the educational and scientific equipment of the United States. Very respectfully, H. L. Scott Colonel, U. S. Army, Superintendent 182 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY Annapolis, Md., April 12, 1907 To THE Trustees THE Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: The United States Naval Academy was one of the first organizations of the country to take up the tech- nical training of young men for scientific pursuits on lines somewhat similar to those adopted by the Car- negie Institute, and is at the present time one of the largest colleges carrying on such work. With such common interests existing between the two institutions, I feel warranted in expressing upon the auspicious occasion, in behalf of the Faculty of the Naval Academy, and its alumni who are engaged in applying the science there learned to the arts of ship construction and navigation in the various depart- ments of the Navy, their congratulations and good wishes for the success of this wonderful and beautiful "temple of love" which will send forth into the world young men who must prove monuments to its great and generous founder, Andrew Carnegie — a man that will ever be honored and revered as one who has done 183 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION so much for his fellow-men, ennobling their aspirations and opening up to them possibilities of unlimited knowledge, which means power that may rival in strength his own remarkable deeds that have so won the admiration of the whole civilized world. Colby M. Chester Rear- Admiral., U. S. N. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA The University of California begs to extend to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute its most cordial greetings on the occasion of the dedication at Pitts- burgh of the new building of the Carnegie Institute. It represents one of the most significant contributions in the history of man toward the uplifting of society and the betterment of human conditions. Berkeley, March 16, 1907 184 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO FOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER March 8th, 1907 To THE Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: The University of Chicago begs to extend to the Carnegie Institute congratulations and greeting on the occasion of the dedication of the new building. The Institute is calculated to do a great work for educa- tion, and indeed for civilization in its widest sense. That this work may be accomplished in the best way possible, and that the largest vision of the founder and of the trustees of the Institute may be realized, is the sincere wish of the University of Chicago. Very truly yours, Henry Pratt Judson President 185 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI CURATORES UnIVERSITATIS CiNCINNATORUM CuRATORiBUS Instituti Carnegiani Salutem Dant Plurimam : Quod vos supera in annis parte communis siti novo Musarum alumno domum tantis opibus operibusque praeditam estis collocaturi, ergo, quod bonum felix fortunatumque sit vobis vestroque Municipio, Urbs, quae Solis occidui Regina audit, artium technicarum alma mater et fautrix, per nostram civicam Universi- tatem vobis gratulationes verbis profert amplissimis. Carolus Guilielmus Dabney Praeses [seal] CiNCINNATIS, A. D. XI KaL. ApRIL., ANNO AB INCARNATIONE DoMINI NoSTRI JeSU Christi, MDCCCCVII 186 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Ann Arbor, March 8, 1907 The Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: In behalf of the authorities of this University I beg to send to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute our hearty congratulations on the completion of your new building. The generous endowment which the founder has provided for the Institute should make it of great service to the nation. We wish the highest success for the enterprise. Yours respectfully, James B. Angell President 187 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Minneapolis, March ii, 1907 To THE Board of Trustees OF THE Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: The dedication of the new building of the Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh, April 11th, 12th, and 13th, 1907, is an occasion of such importance to the world of learning that it might well gather together representa- tives of all the universities and learned societies of the world to witness a ceremony in connection with an in- stitute that in its endowment, equipment, and prospects of usefulness can hardly be equaled by any other insti- tution in the world and certainly not by any whose field of work is the same as that of the Carnegie Insti- tute. The University of Minnesota sends to the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute its heartiest congrat- ulations on what the Board has already accomplished and its best wishes for the perfect realization of the great idea of the founder of the institute, and for that measure of mighty influence for good which the insti- 188 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE tute was established to accomplish. The University of Minnesota welcomes to the field of learning an insti- tution which can not fail to exert a powerful influence in the special direction in which its efforts will be ex- erted. Very truly yours, Cyrus Northrop President UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI Columbia, Mo., 14 March, 1907 To THE Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: In behalf of the University of Missouri, and in my own behalf, I congratulate you heartily, and indeed our country, upon the progress which you have made towards the dedication of the buildings of the Car- negie Institute. Very sincerely yours, R. H. Jesse President 189 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA The University of Nebraska heartily joins in the vol- ume of congratulations offered to Pittsburgh, to the Trustees and friends of the Carnegie Institute, and to the entire World of Science, on the completion of the Institute's new building, which must increase incal- culably its power as a creator of Mentality, Culture, and Citizenship. E. Benj. Andrews Chancellor Lincoln, Nebraska March thirteenth Nineteen hundred and seven 190 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Philadelphia, Pa., March 26, 1907 The Provost, Trustees, and Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania extend Greetings and Felicitations to the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute upon the occasion of the formal Dedication of the new building of the Institute in Pittsburgh, and further ex- press their congratulations upon this great achieve- ment, and the sincere admiration of the University of Pennsylvania for the noble work of the Carnegie In- stitute. Chas. C. Harrison Provost [seal] Clayton F. McMichael Sigilli Custos 191 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE Knoxville, Tenn., 26 March, 1907 To the Board of Trustees, The Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: Allow me to extend the congratulations of the Uni- versity of Tennessee on the occasion of the dedication of your new building. The magnificent plan on which your institution is laid out is one that is almost dazzling in its contemplation. The City of Pitts- burgh and its environment should be highly apprecia- tive of the treasure that it possesses in such an insti- tution and of the extraordinary opportunities which it offers to its citizens. Very truly yours, Brown Ayres President, University of Tennessee 192 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA Charlottesville, Va., March 12, 1907 To THE Trustees, Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: The University of Virginia sends greetings of pride and faith to the Carnegie Institute. It congratulates its far-seeing founder upon the impulse to do this high service; the institution itself, upon boundless oppor- tunity; and the community, upon the possession of an unfailing source of intellectual and moral strength. Very truly yours, Edwin A. Alderman President 193 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN Madison, Wis., April 4, 1907 President W. N. Frew Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: The University of Wisconsin sends warmest con- gratulations and felicitations to the Carnegie Institute upon the dedication of her magnificent new building. It is fortunate that the scope of the Institute is dif- ferent from the ordinary college or university. The emphasis placed upon the fine arts and music recog- nizes the backwardness of America in these fields as compared with Europe. The strong development of these subjects will fill a pressing need which few insti- tutions of the country have been able to meet. The interests of the people are recognized by the scientific museum, by the public library, and by the technical department. The great Carnegie Institute, supported as it is with adequate endowment, can not fail to accomplish a mighty educational work for the City of Pittsburgh, the State of Pennsylvania, and for the nation. Yours very sincerely, Charles R. van Hise President 194 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE THE UNIVERSITY OF WOOSTER WoosTER, Ohio, April 1 1, 1907 Mr, S. H. Church, Secretary Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: The University of Wooster takes this opportunity to present to the President and honored members of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute and through them to the citizens of Pittsburgh and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania its most sincere and hearty congratulations on this most auspicious occasion. You have the honor of being the Trustees of the largest single gift made to an educational institution in the world. An endowment which usually takes cen- turies to gather, the result of the gifts and sacrifices of thousands of givers, has come to you in a moment by the gift of one of your own well beloved citizens. We are proud for you to-day. We salute you, our youngest sister, pride of thy father, who has made your cup of blessing to be full and running over. We wish you every success in your great and world-wide mission. We also congratulate the man who has made this an auspicious day for the Middle West. We are proud that the rich men of America are becoming wise enough to 195 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION be their own executors. Men who have had the brain and skill to amass great fortunes should have sense above their heirs to dispense them. Blessed is the man who is master and not slave of his wealth, who has the vision of the seer and uses his wealth to encourage vir- tue, reward industry, promote reforms, awaken in the undeveloped youth the desire to put his talents at in- terest, and places before the poor opportunities which will give them an equal chance with the rich to make their lives worth the living. All these things Mr. Car- negie has done. He is coining his money into character for the generations to come. All honor to him. He is not only a citizen of Pittsburgh and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, but he has shown himself to be a friend and a brother to men of all nations, a citizen of the world of whom we are all proud. We therefore congratulate the man who to-day makes us all happy by the wisdom with which he dis- penses his beneficent gifts to all mankind. We honor him that he has so multiplied the talents which God gave him and while in the full use of all his faculties set himself to the task of planning so beneficently for the present and future generations of the youth of his own country. Very truly yours, Louis Edward Holden President 196 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY Nashville, Tenn., March 12, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: On behalf of Vanderbilt University I beg to con- gratulate the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute on the completion of their new building and the successful launching of one of the most important educational enterprises of the present time. It is rarely the case that an institution has an opportunity to begin its work with so splendid an equipment and so bright a future as the Carnegie Institute now has. Older institutions that have had to work their way through difficulties of every kind rejoice that your institution will have an easier road and be enabled to do its work with greater facility and success. May .the splendid beginning you have made be a prophecy of great achievement and per- manent success. Very truly yours, J. H. KiRKLAND Chancellor, Vanderbilt University 197 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION VASSAR COLLEGE PouGHKEEPSiE, N. Y., March 7, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: On behalf of Vassar College I heartily congratulate the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute and the citizens of Pittsburgh upon the dedication of the new building of the Institute. This unparalleled gift to your city is an advantage to our entire nation and is a cause of rejoicing on the part of all who are interested in the liberal and technical training of Americans. Respectfully yours, J. M. Taylor President 198 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY St. Louis, Mo., March 27, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: Washington University extends its heartiest greet- ings and congratulations to the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute upon the completion of its new building, which is to be dedicated in April. With its splendid endowment, its strong Board of Trustees, and its young and energetic faculty there can be no doubt that the Institute has the brightest future before it. Washington University extends its best wishes for the rapid and full development of the work of the Insti- tute. Truly, W. S. Chaplin Chancellor 199 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION WASHINGTON AND JEFFERSON COLLEGE Washington, Pa., April 3, 1907 The President and Professors of Washington and Jef- ferson College oifer their congratulations to the Trus- tees of the Carnegie Institute upon the completion of the splendid group of buildings, which will hereafter constitute the home of the Institute, with its literary, esthetic, and educational departments. We also congratulate the Trustees upon the posses- sion of funds so ample that they may work out ideals unhampered by the limitations that so often cramp the efforts of educational institutions. The munificence of the founder has placed it in their power, not only to offer to the young opportunities to train themselves for a useful life, but to place before all the people the higher enjoyments of a cultivated life. In behalf of the Faculty of Washington and Jeffer- son College, James D. Moffat President 200 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY Lexington, Va., April 12, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church, Secretary, Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: I desire to say, not merely on behalf of the Washing- ton and Lee University, but also on behalf of all the universities and colleges of the South, that we con- gratulate you and rejoice with you in this splendid consummation of civic and educational pride and as- piration. This great gift of Mr. Andrew Carnegie is felt and appreciated throughout the nation, which has already been enriched by the gracious influence and inspiring example of his unselfish life. Good men everywhere will wish you happiness at this hour, and for this institution will arise to-day many hopes and prayers that it may prosper in its work with an ever enlarging sphere of influence until it shall make adequate response to the ideal of its great founder and to the needs of this great city. I assure you, one and all, that in no section of the country does the heart of humanity beat more warmly 201 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION with your heart to-day than in the ancient Common- wealth of Virginia which I have the gracious honor to represent and whose greetings I bear. Very truly yours, George H. Denny President wellesley college Wellesley, Mass., April 3, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees the Carnegie Institute My dear Mr. Church: In President Hazard's extended absence abroad I have the honor to extend to the Trustees of Carnegie Institute the good wishes of Wellesley College, on the occasion of the dedication of the new building. The Trustees of Carnegie Institute and the citizens of Pittsburgh are to be congratulated upon the advan- tages which this generous gift offers to the young peo- ple of America, lam, Very truly yours, Ellen J, Pendleton Dean 202 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY ADELBERT COLLEGE Cleveland, Ohio, 13 March, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, My dear Mr. Church: The Trustees of Western Reserve University would through me convey to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute heartiest felicitations. The confederation of five great departments under one administration represents one of the noblest movements of the world in educational and administrative affiliation. Such a confederation, also, aids each of the affiliating so- cieties to become more efficient in the effort which it makes for human betterment. Believe me, my dear sir, with considerations of great respect, Very truly yours, Charles F. Thwing President 203 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Pittsburgh, Pa., April 12, 1907 Resolved, That the Board of Trustees of the Western University of Pennsylvania congratulates the Carnegie Institute upon the completion and dedication of the magnificent new buildings and upon the splendid and remarkably successful exercises of dedication ; and upon the new gift of six millions made by the founder, Andrew Carnegie, to the Institute to enable it the bet- ter to carry on its great work in its various depart- ments. Resolved, That representing the Western University, an institution of Greater Pittsburgh, now in the one hundred and twentieth year of its corporate life, the Trustees extend to Andrew Carnegie, a member of this Board, a sincere tribute of thanks and appreciation for this gift of the Carnegie Institute to the people of Pittsburgh and for the generous endowment for carry- ing on its work. Already the Institute has made a splendid impression upon the community and in the years to come the good, in knowledge, culture, and skill, will be multiplied. The University joins all the people of our city in expressing gratification and ap- preciation to the founder for his donation to the city he loves. 204 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Resolved^ That the Trustees express their appreciation of the courtesy of the Carnegie Institute in permitting the University to have a part in the program of dedica- tion in conferring the degrees on Saturday morning and thus enabling the University to honor the distin- guished men who have come across the sea. Attest, The Board of Trustees S. B. LiNHART Alexander Dempster Secretary President 205 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY MoRGANTOWN, W. Va., March 1 1, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees Carnegie Institute My dear Sir: I learn with great pleasure of the approaching cere- monies at the opening of your new building, April 1 1, 12, and 13, proximo. Permit me for myself, and on behalf of the West Virginia University, to congratu- late the Board of Trustees upon the most auspicious opening of the Carnegie Institute. It is a magnificent example of the wise and benevolent dedication of money to the good of mankind. The Institute will be of inestimable value, especially to this active and opu- lent region, of which Pittsburgh is the center. Our own location makes us at this University especially and per- sonally interested in the Carnegie Institute. Kindly accept our heartiest felicitations and con- gratulations in view of the interesting occasion to which I have already referred. lam, Very truly yours, D. B. PURINTON President 206 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE WILLIAMS COLLEGE WiLLiAMSTOWN, Mass., March 30th, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church Secretary, Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: The Carnegie Institute, with its five great depart- ments, is one of the crowning and most notable prod- ucts of our American civilization. The thought which has devised it, the expert skill and strong initiative which has set in order its begin- nings, and the wise generosity which has provided for its continuance, are worthy of all honor. Williams College joins in the acclaim of congratulations called forth on this Dedication Day. With high regards, Henry Hopkins President 207 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION WILLIAMSON FREE SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL TRADES Williamson School P. O., Pa. (Delaware County), March 14, 1907 S. H. Church, Esq. Secretary, Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Dear Sir: Our State and country are to be congratulated on Mr. Carnegie's noble foundation. Especially are we glad that trade schools are to be included in your work. There is an overwhelming demand for intelligent arti- sans, and our somewhat extended experience clearly in- dicates that those given a broad training of ample length in schools are best fitted to become America's skilled workmen. With hearty wishes for the success of the Carnegie Institute, I remain. Yours very truly, John M. Shrigley President 208 o o 'So (J a o 01 w THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE WORCESTER ART MUSEUM To Carnegie Institute The Worcester Art Museum situated in the "Heart of the Commonwealth" — one of the best industrial and educational centers of New England — sends greetings and hearty congratulations to the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, on the occasion of its dedication. Your field of operations, and your buildings, collec- tions, and endowment far surpass ours; yet the spirit of genuine art is one spirit, and we are together seeking to serve the great body of the people, by promoting the noblest aspirations and standards in the realm of the beautiful. It is significant that, in the midst of our abounding material prosperity, the American people, both rich and poor, are turning with such enthusiasm to the establish- ment of institutions that lift up the highest ideals in education, art, and life. Among these the Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh, with its great resources, is destined to have a most im- portant place and influence. Daniel Merriman President Worcester Art Museum Worcester, Mass. April lo, 1907 209 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE Worcester, Mass, April i, 1907 Worcester Polytechnic Institute joins with insti- tutions of like aim the world over in appreciation of Mr. Carnegie's great gift. Congratulations to the Carnegie Institute upon its splendid opportunity and best wishes for success in the accomplishment of the highest purposes. Edmund A. Engler President Mr. S. H. Church, Secretary, Carnegie Institute 210 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE YALE UNIVERSITY New Haven, Conn., April 9, 1907 To the Board of Trustees, Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: Yale University takes special pleasure in sending its greeting and its representative to the Carnegie Insti- tute on the occasion of the opening of its new buildings. In common with all other universities, we appreciate its importance for the future of education ; and we have a special interest in its work in view of the fact that an honored graduate of Yale, Mr. William N. Frew, is President of the Board of Trustees. We sincerely hope and believe that the Carnegie In- stitute will become one of the great educational factors in this country and add to the well-deserved fame of its founder. Very truly yours, Anson Phelps Stokes, Jr. Secretary [seal] 211 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION acad:^mie imperiale DES SCIENCES DE ST.-PETERSBOURG 18 Mars, 1907 Institut Carnegie J'ai I'honneur de presenter a ITnstitut Carnegie de la part de I'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St.- Petersbourg ses sinceres felicitations a I'occasion de I'inauguration des nouveaux batiments eriges pour ITnstitut. Ces temples de la Science et des Arts seront la juste gloire de votre grand pays. L'Academie Im- periale des Sciences souhaite a ITnstitut des succes brillants et une longue prosperite. Serge d'Oldenburg Secretaire Perp'etuel, Membre de P Academic 212 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE acad:6mie de dijon University de France, Dijon, France universitas divionensis carnegiano instituto, S. p. D. Instituto vestro, illustrissimi doctissimique viri, gra- tias persolvimus, quod nos certiores feceritis, a vobis mox, multis doctarum societatum membris plaudenti- bus, solemniter inauguratum iri splendidissima ilia aedificia, quae vir scientiae artiumque pulchrarum amans in omnium commoda suis sumptibus extrui vo- luit. Itaque per has litteras iis, qui frequentes istis festis diebus vobis astabunt, se conjungit Universitas nostra, una cum illis res quam prosperrimas vobis exoptans, ut scientiarum artiumque lumen in populos late per multa secula diffundatis. Dabat Divione a. d. VI kal. Apriles MCMVII. E. Boirac Divionensis Academiae Rector, Senatus Universitatis Divionensis Praeses [seal] 213 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION ACADEMIE DE MONTPELLIER REPUBLigUE FRAN9AISE MoNTPELLiER, France, Ic 8 Mars, 1907 Le ReCTEUR DE L'AcADEMIE DE MONTPELLIER A M. LE Secretaire de l'Institut Carnegie a Pittsburgh Au nom de TUniversite de Montpellier, j'ai Thon- neur de vous adresser nos plus cordiales felicitations a I'occasioii de Tinauguration de l'Institut Carnegie. Une vieille ecole telle que la notre, qui travaille pour la science plus de six siecles, est heureuse d'envoyer ses souhaits de bonheur et de succes aux jeunes ecoles qui se fondent de 1' autre cote de I'Atlantique. Antoine Benoist Reeteur, President du Conseil de !' Universite 214 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE DAS RECTORAT DER HOCHSCHULE BERN AN DAS CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Bern, Switzerland, den 16. Marz, 1907 Im Namen und Auftrag der Universitat Bern gratu- liere ich herzlich zur bevorstehenden Eroffnung Ihrer Anstalten. Mit grosser Hochachtung, Prof. Dr. A. Thurlings Rector der Universitat Bern 215 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION C. K. CESKA UNIVERSITA KARLO-FERDINANDOVA V PRAZE Prague, Bohemia, March 27, 1907 To Carnegie Institute I have the honor to send my congratulation to the joyful celebration which will be held by opening the Carnegie Institute, wishing that this magnificent insti- tution should be for all the United States a rich source of improvement and of progress for humanity through all time. I have the honor to be, Prof. J. Hlava Rector of Bohemian University of Prague, Austria-Bohemia 216 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY Halifax, Nova Scotia, March 20th, 1907 To THE President and Trustees OF the Carnegie Institute Greeting: The President and Senate of Dalhousie University have heard with the greatest pleasure of the magnifi- cent gift of your founder to Education. While they rejoice with you most sincerely over the generous pro- vision made for your Institute, they are not unmindful of the fact that the generosity of Mr. Carnegie has not been restricted by local or national boundaries, but has ever been animated by the belief, that whatever pro- motes the intellectual and social well-being of one na- tion or community makes for the uplifting of all and the approach of the day of universal enlightenment and peace. They desire to congratulate you most heartily upon the completion of the building of your Institute, and to express the hope that the splendid gifts with which you have been endowed may result in great and last- ing good to the advancement of science and the well- being of your people. John Forrest President Walter C. Murray Secretary 217 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC Paris, le 30 Mars, 1907 Monsieur VAmbassadeur, Monsieur Vignaud a bien me demande d' assurer la remise a sa haute destination d'une invitation d'assister a I'inauguration de ITnstitut Carnegie que les adminis- trateurs de cette Institution adressaient a Monsieur le President de la Republique. Monsieur le President sous les yeux duquel je me suis empresse de faire placer cette invitation a ete tres sensible a I'aimable pensee des administrateurs de ITnstitut Carnegie et, se trouvant dans I'impossibilite d'assister a I'inauguration de cet etablissement, il m'a charge de recourir a I'obligeante entremise de Votre Excellence pour leur faire parvenir avec ses sinceres remerciements 1' assurance du vif interet qu'il porte a leur oeuvre. Agreez les assurances de la tres haute consideration avec laquelle j'ai I'honneur d'etre. Monsieur I'Ambassadeur, De Votre Excellence, Le tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur, S. PiCHON Son Excellence Monsieur White, Ambassadeur des Etats-Unis a Paris 218 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE DER PROREKTOR UND SENAT DER GEORGE-AUGUST-UNIVERSITAT GoTTiNGEN, den 28. Marz, 1907 Den Trustees des Carnegie Institute zu Pittsburgh Sprechen Prorektor und Senat der George-August-Uni- versitat zu dem Tage, an dem es ihnen vergonnt ist, von den herrlichen Raumen Besitz zu ergreifen, die ihnen die grossartige Freigebigkeit eines vielbewahrten Forderers der Wissenschaften und der Volksbildung bereit gestellt hat, ihren herzlichen Gliickwunsch aus. Shroder An die Trustees des Carnegie Institute 219 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION INSTITUT DE FRANCE Paris le 27 Mars, 1907 Le President de la Commission Administrative Centrale X Monsieur S. H. Church, Secretaire de Carnegie Institute Monsieur le Secretaire: LTnstitut de France a regu la lettre par laquelle vous I'informez que I'inauguration du nouveau bati- ment de Carnegie Institute aura lieu les 11, 12, et 13 du mois d'Avril prochain. Nous craignons que ITnstitut de France ne puisse etre represente dans cette solennite, mais il s'y associe tout entier par la pensee et il adresse ses bien vives felicitations au donateur pour la magnificence de ses dons et a la Cite de Pittsburgh qui, devenue une des grandes villes du monde, va devenir aussi un des grands foyers d'instruction technique et artistique. La science et I'art fecondent I'industrie. L'Ame- rique est heureuse de posseder des citoyens qui le com- prennent et emploient une fortune gagnee par le tra- vail a developper les forces productives de ses travail- leurs. Agreez I'expression de notre sympathie. Le President de la Commission Administrative Centrale de P Institut, Secretaire Perpetuel de /' Acad'emie Fran^aise Gaston Boissier 220 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE KAISERLICHE AKADEMIE DER "WISSENSCHAFTEN WiEN, Austria-Hungary, am 15. Marz, 1907 An die geehrte Carnegie Institute IN Pittsburgh Wir haben die Ehre, dem sehr geschatzten Carnegie Institute anlasslich der Einweihung seines neuen Heimes die warmsten und herzlichsten Gliickwiinsche der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften auszusprechen. Wir geben der Hoffnung Ausdruck, dass die Tatigkeit des geehrten Institutes zum Wohle der Wissenschaft von den besten Erfolgen begleitet sein und so den In- tentionen seines hochherzigen Griinders im vollsten Masse entsprechen werde. Das Prasidium der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften : E. SuEss, Lang 221 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION KUNGL. SVENSKA VETENSKAPSAKADEMIEN STOCKHOLM Herr Curator C. V. Hartman, Pittsburgh, Pa. Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, som mottagit inbjudning att lata sig representera vid invigningen af Carnegie institutets nya byggnad den 11-13 april har beslutat att utse Eder till sitt ombud vid if ragava- rande hogtidlighet samt anhaller att Ni behagade framfora akademiens lyckonskningar i anledning af f estens stora betydelse. Pa Kungl. Vetenskapsakademiens vagnar. Peter Klason Chr. Aurivillius Stockholm, Sweden den 13 mars, 1907 222 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE l'universite d'aix-marseille Aix, France, le 22 Mars, 1907 Monsieur le Secretaire, Notre Universite vous remercie d' avoir bien voulu nous f aire part de la prochaine inauguration de ITnsti- tut Carnegie. Nous saluons avec joie la creation d'un etablissement qui jettera un nouvel eclat sur la science americaine, et nous vous prions d'agreer nos souhaits de glorieuse prosperite. Sincerement votre, Belin Monsieur le Secretaire DE l'Institut Carnegie 223 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION l'universit^ de bordeaux Bordeaux, France, le 1 1 mars, 1907 Le Recteur, President du Conseil de l'Universit^ A Monsieur le Secr£taire de l'Institut Carnegie L'Universite de Bordeaux est heureuse de feliciter ITnstitut Carnegie, a roccasion de rinauguration dent il veut bien rinformer. Le Nouveau Monde fait bien les choses pour la Science, et les plus riches de ses ci- toyens dotent des instituts au lieu de donner des jeux comme dans la Rome antique. Ce sont de nobles moeurs, dont nos vieilles Universites tiennent aussi a vous feliciter. Nous vous envoyons nos voeux pour la prosperite de vos etablissements, des maitres et des eleves. Le Recteur, President du Conseil de P JJniversite R. Thamin [seal] 224 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE l'uNIVERSIT^ DE PARIS \ l'iNSTITUT CARNEGIE L'Universite de Paris, la plus vieille des Universites du monde, adresse a ITnstitut Carnegie son salut et ses felicitations, a 1' occasion de 1' inauguration de ses nou- veaux batiments. Elle est heureuse qu'il ait ete fonde, dans le Nou- veau-Monde, un nouvel et puissant organe pour le de- veloppement de I'art et de la science. Elle est heureuse que cette fondation soit due a la liberalite d'un citoyen qui fait de la richesse le plus noble des emplois, et donne ainsi au monde entier le plus beau des exemples. Ayant elle-meme recemment eprouve la generosite d' Andrew Carnegie et son devouement aux interets de la science, elle le salue en meme temps qu'elle salue son oeuvre principale et lui renouvelle publiquement 1' ex- pression de sa reconnaissance. Le Vice-Recteur de l'Universite de Paris Le i8 Mars, 1907. 225 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION MtGILL UNIVERSITY Montreal, Canada, April 3rd, 1907 To President W. N. Frew, Carnegie Institute Dear Mr. President: In view of the approaching celebrations at Pitts- burgh, I have much pleasure, on behalf of this Univer- sity, in congratulating the Carnegie Institute on the ex- cellence of the material equipment, and the extent of the endowment with which it is about to enter on what we hope will be a long period of work in the public service. The union of Art, Science, and Literature, in one magnificent institution, and under one administration, is symbolical of the solidarity of modern educational enterprise, and the best possible guarantee that the in- terests of each separate department will be worked out in relation to all the others. Nowhere more than in a great center of industry can the modern attitude to education be realized and illus- trated. For education, in all its aspects, is part of a great social problem which should be dealt with in such a way that the corporate life of the community may be 226 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE strengthened -and uplifted by what is done for the in- dividual. Through the generosity of a munificent founder, Pittsburgh has been put in possession of highly enviable opportunities, and our hope and prayer is that the Carnegie Institute may be enabled always to turn these to the best possible advantage. With all good wishes, I am. Dear Mr. President, Yours faithfully, W. Peterson, LL.D. Vice-Chancellor of McGill University 227 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION QUEEN S UNIVERSITY Kingston, Ont., 28th Feb., 1907 The Senate of Queen's University desire to congratu- late the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute on the dedication of their very handsome and commodious building, and to express the wish that the work of the Institute may be carried on with increasing success, and with ever growing helpfulness to the nation. The erection, equipment, and endowment of the Car- negie Institute are a splendid illustration of the wise liberality of Mr. Carnegie, who has made such munifi- cent gifts in the interests of Science, Literature, and Art, and from whose generosity this University also has received assistance. Such benefactions serve not only as an example to the fellow-countrymen of the donor; they possess international influence, and help to enlist the wealth of other lands in the cause of truth and progress. The Senate of this University cordially desire that the work of the Carnegie Institute may abundantly realize the highest expectations of its generous founder and of its Board of Trustees. Daniel M. Gordon Principal and Vice- Chancellor 228 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE RHEINISCHE FRIEDRICH-WILHELMS-UNIVERSITAT Die RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat spricht dem Carnegie Institute bei Gelegenheit der Einweih- ung seines neuen Gebaudes und des Beginnes seiner Tatigkeit ihre warmste Teilnahme und die besten Gliickwunsche aus, in der Hoffnung, dass die erleuch- tete Absicht, welche der hochherzigen Stiftung Ihres Institutes zu Grunde liegt, sich in vollem Masse er- fiille. Wir sind iiberzeugt, dass von diesem neuen Sitze der Studien eine segensreiche Einwirkung auf die Geistige Kultur Ihres Landes, die in verwandtschaftlichen Be- ziehungen zu der unseres Volkes steht, ausgehen und dadurch nachhaltige Forderung Wissenschaft und Kunst zuteil werden wird. Der Prorector der Rheinischen Friedrich- Wilhelms- Universitat, H. Jacobi 229 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION DR. RICHARD STRAUSS Berlin, Germany, den 8 April, 1907 Sehr geehrte Hen en : Ich danke Ihnen sehr fiir Ihre liebenswiirdige Ein- ladung zur Einweihung des Carnegie Institutes; aber zu meinem grossen Bedauern ist es mir nicht moglich, der Einladung Folge zu leisten. Ich wiinsche dem neuen Institut von Herzen eine be- deutende, ruhmvolle Entwickelung. Mit dem Ausdruck meiner vorziiglichsten Hochach- tung, Ihr ganz ergebenster, Dr. Richard Strauss 230 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE R. ACCADEMIA DEI LINCEI Roma, Italy, 19 Marzo, 1907 Caro Signore: Ho la compiacenza de dirle che la R. Accademia dei Lincei desidera di essere considerata come presente in ispirito nei giorni solenni dell' inaugurazione del nuovo edificio del "Carnegie Institute," ed ammira co- desta grande nazione, dalla quale sorgono splendide e f econde iniziative private. La R. Accademia dei Lincei, il giorno 10 aprile, in- viera a V- S. Illma. un telegramma di f elicitazioni ; e spera che tutte le pubblicazioni, che emanano dall' at- tivita intellettuale di codesto Istituto, possano onorare la Biblioteca Accademica. Gradisca, illustre Signore, i sensi di def erenza, U Accademico Segretario, E. Mancini Illmo. SiG. Segretario dell' Ufficio DI Amministrazione del "Carnegie Institute" 231 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE VENEZUELA Caracas, Venezuela, 23 de marzo de 1907 En nombre de la Universidad, envia cordial i entu- siasta felicitacion al Institute Carnegie, con motivo de la dedicacion de su nuevo edificio en Pittsburgh, en los dias 11, 12, i 13 del proximo abril. Con la generosa i esplendida donacion efectuada en favor del Institute por el celebre filantropo Carnegie, montante a veinte i cinco millones de dollars, el Insti- tute que lleva su nombre, hard de ese suntuoso hogar un templo admirable de las Ciencias i de las Bellas Artes. Jesus Munoz T^bar Rector 232 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNIVERSIDAD DE LA HABANA Havana, Cuba, March 15th, 1907 Mr. S. H. Church, Secretary of the Carnegie Institute Sir: It is for me, as President of this University, of the utmost pleasure while acknowledging receipt of your communication of March 2 to congratulate the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute by reason of the generous gift which the great benefactor Mr. Carnegie has made to Pittsburgh, hoping that said Institute will be one more to add to so many others you have in your country divulging the light of science through all the nation. Very respectfully yours, Leopolds Berriel PresiiJent 233 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITAT ROSTOCK Rostock, Germany, den 12. Marz, 1907 Dem Carnegie Institut bringt die Landesuniversitat Rostock des Grossherzogtums Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Deutschland) zur Eroffnung und Einweihung ihrer Neubauten die allerherzlichsten Gliickwiinsche dar. Mogen diese Raume immerdar zum Fortschritt des Wissens auf alien Gebieten beitragen ! Professor der Pharmakokgie und physiologischen Chemie, Kaiserlich-Russischer Staatsrat a. D. z. Z. Rektor der Vniversitat, R. KOBERT An den Board of Trustees OF THE Carnegie Institute 234 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY DE GENEVE Geneve, Switzerland, le 22 Mars, 1907 Le Recteur A Monsieur S. H. Church, Secretaire de I'Institut Carnegie Monsieur: L'Universite de Geneve, fille de I'Academie de Cal- vin, est heureuse de s'associer aux fetes d'inauguration de ITnstitut Carnegie par le temoignage de sa sym- pathie et de ses voeux. Les traditions de I'Academie et du College de Geneve nous rattachent par des liens deja anciens a la vie intellectuelle des Etats-Unis. Toutes les occasions nous sont precieuses, qui nous per- mettent de les renouveler. Transmettez, je vous prie, au genereux fondateur de votre Institut 1' assurance de notre haute consideration; a tous ceux qui doivent y enseigner et y apprendre, I'expression de notre cordiale sympathie. Permettez-moi, au nom du Senat de I'Universite de Geneve, de saluer vos fetes par 1' antique formule hu- maniste : "Que ITnstitut Carnegie vive, croisse, et fleurisse!" Bernard Bouvier Recteur 235 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES Bruxelles, Belgique, le 9 Mars, 1907 A Monsieur S. H. Church, Secretaire du Conseil d'administration du Carnegie Institute Monsieur le Secretaire: Vous voulez bien nous convier a prendre part a la ceremonie de I'inauguration de ITnstitut Carnegie en vous envoyant une adresse, et vous nous dites que cet Institut comprend un musee de peinture, un musee scientifique, une bibliotheque publique, une ecole de musique et des ecoles professionelles. Semblable eta- blissement n'a guere de rapport avec ce que nous enten- dons en Belgique par une universite et aucune des branches que nous enseignons ici n'y semble represen- tee. C'est tres volontiers cependant que nous vous adressons tous nos voeux pour le reussite d'une oeuvre qui contribuera, nous n'en pouvons douter, a maintenir et a developper, dans la population de Pittsburgh, le gout des plaisirs superieurs de Tintelligence, en meme temps qu'elle la mettra a meme de se tenir au courant des plus ingenieuses inventions modernes et d'en tirer parti. Veuillez agreer, monsieur le secretaire, 1' assurance de ma consideration la plus distinguee. Le Recteur de /' Universite A, Lameere 236 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN To THE Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U. S. A. The University of Aberdeen oifers its most cordial greeting and most hearty congratulations. The Dedication of the New Building on the lith of April is an event of extraordinary interest and signifi- cance. If circumstances had permitted, it would have been a high honor and a sincere gratification to the Principal, in response to the courteous invitation 'ex- tended to him, to have been associated with the distin- guished persons who shall assemble on that occasion, to have enjoyed the privilege of admiring the archi- tecture and inspecting the divisions of the recently erected Palace of Truth, Harmony, and Industry, and to have added to many glowing tributes an apprecia- tion of the generosity and of the noble aims of the Founder of the Institute. The Principal having been prevented from carry- ing out his own wish, the University Court and the Senatus of the University ask the Board of Trustees to accept this Address as an expression of their best wishes for the success of the Institute. Their admiration has been excited by statements and 237 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION reports which have reached them. They have read of a stately edifice, erected at a cost of six millions of dol- lars ; they have been informed that this edifice, in the midst of a city of gigantic industries, is designed to be a center of intellectual, artistic, and technical activi- ties; they have been told of a vast Library with many annexes, of a well-stored Museum, of a splendid Art Gallery, of a prosperous School of Music, and of a varied and comprehensive scheme of Industrial In- struction; they know that the Institute is to be the focus and seat of all this organization, attracting to it tens of thousands of workers, and aiming at the de- velopment of their intellect, their taste, their skill. The undertaking is vast. The responsibility of those in charge of it is great. May the results be richer with benefits than even the most sanguine expectation can forecast ! In Mr. Carnegie, of whose liberality and construc- tive genius the Institute is a monument, the Scottish Universities have good cause for recognizing a most generous benefactor. Pittsburgh has been to him as a first charge, and the twenty millions of dollars of ex- penditure and endowment of the Institute constitute a magnificent donation. But the four Universities of Scotland — his native country — have been as a second charge, and for their benefit he has given to the half of what he has bestowed on the Institute of the city in which he made his fortune. The Trustees may be sure that, though the wide Atlantic Ocean separates their shores from those of Scotland, there shall be cheers 238 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE from halls and houses in this land, answering to those with which Mr. Carnegie shall be received at the celebrations in the ensuing April. Six months ago, Mr. Carnegie honored Aberdeen with a visit when the Quarter-Centenary of the Uni- versity was celebrated, and the bright and warm en- thusiasm of his manner and his speech are gratefully remembered. Now, with all possible emphasis, the University sends its salutations to him and to those who guide and direct the Institute which he has created. Given at the University of Aberdeen this 23rd day of March, 1907. John Marshall Lang, C.V.O., D.D., LL.D. Fice- Chancellor and Principal 239 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE Remarks of Rev. Dr. E. S. Roberts vice-chancellor of cambridge university in presenting the address To THE President and Trustees OF THE Carnegie Institute I HAVE the honor to present an address of congratula- tion from the ancient University of Cambridge. The address, in accordance with an academic custom, has been written by the public orator of the University in the Latin tongue and is duly authorized by the grace of the Senate and sealed with the common seal of the Uni- versity. In this address you are reminded that the name of Pittsburgh is to our University no new one. Your city as the home of a University of more than a hundred years' standing claims and commands our cor- dial friendship. And we have endeavored in appropriate language to felicitate you on the unparalleled munificence of your great benefactor. My University, as is well known, has an age-long and time-honored association with an- cient studies; and nevertheless yields to no other seat of learning in its prosecution of the highest develop- 240 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE merits of modern science. We are bold enough to think that our grand inheritance of the pioneer names of Isaac Newton, William Harvey, and Charles Darwin justify us in assuring you that in your strenuous en- deavors to bring home to the people of your city and your country an appreciation of the triumphs of ap- plied science — an appreciation inspired and intensified by the humanizing proximity of literature and the arts — in your far-reaching scheme inviting to the contem- plation of higher ideals those teeming thousands of your citizens who are absorbed in the storm and stress of a daily life of toil : — in all this you have our whole- hearted sympathy and our sincere good wishes for the prosperity of your great Institute in ages to come. It is then with profound satisfaction that I hand over to your keeping this document from my Univer- sity, the members of which will rejoice to hear from my lips the noble welcome which you have accorded to them in my person and the marvels of achievement which it will be my duty and my pleasure to report to them on my return from your hospitable shores. 241 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Instituti Carnegiani Praesidi et Fiduciariis S. p. D. Universitas Cantabrigiensis Urbem vestram, viri ornatissimi, fluminum magno- rum ad confluentes positam, et Senatoris Britannici nobilis nomine nuncupatam, f ama certa novimus quam immensa sit, quanta incolarum multitudine floreat, quot artium inter se diversarum ofRcinis glorietur. lUud autem nos profecto vel pluris aestimamus, quod urbs tanta, non modo Universitatis abhinc anno plus quam centum conditae, sed etiam Instituti novi sedes constituta est, quod in posterum tot civium in negotiis cotidianis occupatorum mentes ad altiora vocabit, et Reipublicae toti doctrinae variae facem splendidam praeferet. Instituti vero tanti conditor liberalissimus abhinc annos decem, ut accepimus a Bibliotheca ma- gna condenda exorsus, nunc demum non tantum Bi- bliothecam illam sumptu maximo denuo condidit, sed etiam operi tam magno Museum rerum naturae mira- culis instructum, scientiarum musicarum Odeum, ar- tium omnium quae ad industriam pertinent Scholam, Pinacothecam denique pulcherrimam addidit. Aedi- iicium autem ipsum, arcuum et columnarum dignitate decora conspicuum, sine dubio posteritati serae nomen viri illustris tradet, qui vestrarum est (ut Horati ver- bis utamur) 'grande decus columenque rerum.' Gra- 242 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE tulamur igitur vobis omnibus quod studiorum vestro- rum omnium patronum tam munificum estis nacti, et patroni ipsius et vestrum omnium in honore Procan- cellarium nostrum, virum summa dignitate praeditum, legatum nostrum mittimus, qui nostrum omnium no- mine Instituto tanto dedicando intersit, et epistola nostra vobis reddita nostram in vos omnes, et Rem- publicam vestram maximam, declaret benevolentiam. Valete. Datum Cantabrigiae PRiDiE Kalendas Martias A. S. MCMVII° [seal] 243 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH The Senatus Academicus of the University of Edin- burgh desire to offer to the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, their cordial congrat- ulations on the completion of the magnificent Build- ing under the administration of the Board. They feel confident that the Institute will wax famous as a nursery of Science and Art in the great industrial cen- ter in Pennsylvania, and that it will be an enduring monument to the benefactor, whose name is indissolu- bly associated with the development and prosperity of Pittsburgh as one of the most notable manufactur- ing cities in the world. The University of Edinburgh is itself deeply in- debted to Mr. Carnegie for the munificent endowments which have so greatly promoted higher learning in the metropolis of his native land, and it regards with pleas- ure the corresponding gift which he has bestowed on the city of the country of his adoption in which he re- sided for so many years. The Senatus Academicus ask the Board of Trustees to accept this Address as a testimony of their esteem, 244 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE their good wishes, and their sympathy in the great educational movement which has this day been so auspiciously inaugurated. William Turner Principal L. J. Grant Secretary of §enatus [seal] April, 1907 UNIVERSITY OF GHENT To THE Board of Trustees OF THE Carnegie Institute The University of Ghent heartily congratulates the Carnegie Institute, and wishes that the torch of Art and Science lighted by a great citizen's generous hand may blaze forth in honor of your nation through the remotest generations. H. Leboucq The Rector E. Dauge The Academical Secretary Ghent, Belgium, March the 15th, 1907 245 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW To THE Trustees of the Carnegie Institute The Senatus Academicus of the University of Glas- gow presents to the Trustees of the Carnegie Institute its cordial greetings and congratulations upon the com- pletion of the noble buildings, dedicated to Science and the Arts, with which the munificence of a generous Scottish benefactor has endowed the City of Pitts- burgh. The University of Glasgow has itself abun- dant reason to be grateful to the founder of the Insti- tute for his liberal benefactions to the cause of learning in Scotland; and it rejoices to know that, in connection with the ceremonies about to be celebrated in Pitts- burgh, many tributes of honour will be offered to his name. In these tributes the Senatus desires with all sincerity to join, regretting only that, owing to unfore- seen events, it is unable to manifest its sympathetic in- terest in the proceedings by sending the Principal of the University to deliver this letter in person. On behalf of the Senatus Academicus, Donald MacAlister Principal William Stewart Clerk of Senate 2 1st March, 1907 246 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF HALLE Instituti Carnegiani Pittsburgensis tutoribus et mem- bris rogitantibus, ut aedificium academicum nuper perfectum dedicandum Halensis quoque Universitas piis votis prosequatur, libenter morem gerentes ex animi sententia gratulantur, ut nobile illud Institutum doctrinae atque humanitatis segetem colere pergat, Americse gloriam inter homines politiores augeat, laude magistrorum, studio discipulorum semper floreat, orant et optant fidem voluntatemque suam testantur fausta felicia fortunata omnia precantur Universitatis Fridericianae Halensis cum Vitebergensi consociatae. Rector Carolus Robert Rector, cum Senatu Dabamus Halis Saxonum a. D. V Kal. Apr. MDCCCCVII 247 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD To THE President and Members of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: We, the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Oxford, appreciate very highly your courtesy in inviting a representative of our University to be present at the dedication of the new buildings of the Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh, on April nth, 1907. We note with deep interest the immense and rapid growth of your great city, the center of manufacturing and industrial activity in the United States; and we rejoice that this striking commercial development has not proceeded without due recognition of the claims of Literature, Science, and Art. The establishment of the Carnegie Institute, on which we desire to convey to you our heartiest congratulations, is a splendid illustration of profound sympathy with all that makes for the most philosophic research and the loftiest culture. This vast and comprehensive Institute, with its Li- brary, Museum, Art Gallery, Music Hall, and Tech- nical Schools, founded or rebuilt on a grand scale by Mr. Andrew Carnegie, stands as a noble monument of 248 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE the unselfish dedication of great wealth to a further- ance of the highest education and the widest civiliza- tion. We have great satisfaction in sending as our repre- sentative at the Inauguration of the Carnegie Institute Dr. John Rhys, Principal of Jesus College and Profes- sor of Celtic in the University of Oxford. We feel that in making this choice we are commending to you an eminent scholar, who has made a deep and sympa- thetic study of the progress of education in the United States. The interesting report which he presented as a member of the Mosely Commission in 1903, is ample proof of his appreciation of all that is best in American Education, and of his warm recognition of the liberal- ity with which it has been endowed. Given in our House of Convocation on the fifth day of March, one thousand nine hundred and seven. [seal] 249 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF PADUA ACADEMIAE CaRNEGINAE PiTTSBURGENSI Universitas Patavina S. D. Magnam nuper cepimus voluptatem, clarissimi Viri, cum vestris litteris certiores f acti sumus, Vos his proxi- mis diebus cum sollemni apparatu, tot illustribus viris praesentibus, novas aedes istius praeclarae Academiae dedicaturos. In quo illud maxime admirabile videtur, quod id factum est unius hominis munificentia, qui, dum artes generi humano utiles fovet, sibi comparat laudem im- mortalem. Vobis igitur gratulamur nee dubitamus quin brevi ex praeclara vestra studiorum sede flamma sapientiae exsistat per totum orbem conspicua. Valete. D. Patavio Kal. April. MCMVII. V. POLACCO Rector [seal] 250 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF RENNES Rennes, France, March 14th, 1907 The Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute Gentlemen: On behalf of the University of Rennes, I desire to offer you my warmest congratulations on the occasion of the dedication of the Carnegie Institute. I hope that the festivities of your celebration will be a success and I have no doubt that this new scientific institution will be a torch of light for your nation. I should be glad if you would consider this address as an evidence of the sympathies which link together schools of learning throughout the world, and, partic- ularly, of the friendly feeling which has always existed between our two nations. With the very cordial greetings of the University of Rennes to your Institute and to the whole Board of Trustees, I have great pleasure in subscribing myself, Yours very sincerely, Laronze Rector and President of the Council of the University 251 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS Address of the University of St. Andrews TO THE Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute We, the University Court and the Senatus Acade- micus of the University of St. Andrews, desire to ex- press to you how much we share the satisfaction and delight which you feel who take part in the ceremony of dedicating the new building of the Carnegie Insti- tute on April 1 1, 1907. It seems to us a colossal struc- ture, supplied with materials that can minister to the highest instincts of man, to the love of nature and in- terest in all the forms of animal life, to the enjoyment of what is beautiful in music and painting, to the com- munion with noble men of all the ages through their books, and to the spirit of scientific research. It strikes us that this building, with the ample provision made for maintaining the various departments contained in it, the gift of one man, forms a new era in the history of modern times. The temple springs into existence as if by the magic touch of one wand, and supplies the in- habitants of Pittsburgh with the opportunity of pure joys and high culture. The event forms a marked con- trast in the history of the institution with which we are 252 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE connected. On February 27, 191 1, we shall have com- pleted 500 years of our existence. During this long period very many have been trained at our University for the highest walks of life. Some of them have done notable work in the fields of literature, art, theology, and statesmanship, and a very large proportion have quietly exercised a beneficent influence on the lives of their fellowmen. But most of them had to struggle with poverty; they encountered obstacles of every kind. They met with opposition in their desire to spread the truth, and they had to endure hardship even when they had reached the summit of their ambition. Their characters were formed by the severe labors which they had to undertake. In your grand new struc- ture everything is made smooth. It indicates the re- moval of obstacles, and it points forward to great enjoyment of the highest kind. A new experiment is thus begun. What the result may be no one can pre- dict. We are quite sure of this, that if the spirit of the founder and donor pervades the operations of the In- stitute all will go well. He has been Rector of this University for nearly six years. We have come to know him well. Amidst enormous wealth he has re- mained unspoiled. He is simplicity itself in all his habits. He has not been led astray by any of the vulgar ambitions that are too frequently associated with great riches. He is conscientious in the use of the means that come within his power, and his name is blessed for the benefits he has conferred in every part of the world. If those who take advantage of the Car- 253 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION negie Institute follow the example of the founder, they will be rendered wiser, happier, and more benevolent by the privileges which the Carnegie Institute offers them. And we trust that the Institute will keep ever before it one of the aims which has marked the whole career of the founder, the desire for universal peace, the creation of confidence between the nations of the world, the social elevation of the whole mass of the people, the arrival of the time when Man to man the warld o'er Shall brothers be for a' that, and the realization of the poet's dream : Till the war-drum throbb'd no longer, and the battle flags were furled In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world. James Donaldson Vice- Chancellor and Principal of the University of St. Andrews [seal] 254 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE university of toronto Cancellarius Senatus Praeses Universitatis Torontonensis Praesidi et Sociis Institutionis Carnegie S. P. D. Mittimus hasce literas, viri illustrissimi, primum ut vobis, vestrum templum et aedem Musarum dedican- tibus, amicitiam testemur et ut vos faciamus certiores nihil nobis pulchrius, sapientius, amabilius videri quam ita favere et subvenire illis studiis et artibus, quae (ut aiunt) adolescentiam agunt, senectutem ob- lectant. Laudationis deinde aliquid afferre volumus illi viro sapientissimo, fundatori vestro, qui omnium hoc aetatis ditissimus, ne dives ipse moreretur, ad doc- trinam scientiamque augendam rectisque cultibus fa- vendum divitias suas, duce sapientia tarn sapienter expendit. Hoc tantulum ergo gratulationis a terra aliena ilia quidem sed amicissima, ut ad vos afferatur, virum gravissimum Johannem Galbraith, qui laetitiae intersit vestrae, ad vos mittimus. Mauricus Hutton W. R. Meredith Praeses pro tempore Cancellarius [seal] Datum ex Aede Academica Ap. mdccccvii 255 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH Zurich, March 15, 1907 To THE Carnegie Institute Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Board of 'trustees: We, the Members of the University of Zurich, Swit2erland, desire to tender to you our most sincere congratulations on the opening of the new building of the Carnegie Institute. May this new seat of learning, erected by the munificent benefactor, whose unsur- passed generosity all the world knows, become one of the centers of knowledge and research in the Great Re- public, with whose noble people and free institutions the warmest sympathies will connect us forever. For the Rector and Senate of the University of Zurich. Theodore Vetter Professor of English Philology [seal] 256 e o o a; THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON London, England, March 21, 1907 The Zoological Society of London, founded in 1829, for the advancement of Zoological Science, has commis- sioned Peter Chalmers Mitchell, Doctor of Science of the University of Oxford, Fellow of the Royal Society of London, and its own Secretary, to convey its greet- ings and congratulations to the Trustees of the Car- negie Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It welcomes the completion of this magnificent new instrument for the increase of natural knowledge, due to the generosity of Andrew Carnegie, and confidently predicts for it an enduring and faithful career. Signed for the Council of the Society. P. Chalmers Mitchell M.A., D. Sc, Oxon.,F.R.S. 257 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION The Secretary of the Board of Trustees then read the following kind and thoughtful communications which had just been received by telegraph and cable : WALLACE BUTTRICK SECRETARY, GENERAL EDUCATION BOARD NEW YORK CITY Caroline Hotel, Pinehurst, N. C, April 10, 1907 S. H. Church, Secretary, Carnegie Institute The General Education Board tenders cordial con- gratulations to the Carnegie Institute on this occasion. Technical skill is essential to an industrial nation which expects to gain and to keep the world's markets. The Carnegie Institute should lead in the most advanced training to this end. Wallace Buttrick 258 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE EARL GREY, GOVERNOR GENERAL OF CANADA Ottawa, Canada, April ii, 1907 Andrew Carnegie, Pittsburgh My best congratulations and good wishes on this great occasion. Grey HON. ROBERT S, McCORMICK Chicago, April 11, 1907 S. H. Church, Pittsburgh Unavoidable adjournment of important conference makes it impossible to be present at your interesting ceremonies. Kindly present my compliments and re- grets to Mr. and Mrs. Carnegie and Trustees, in drink- ing whose health, coupled with success to the Institute, I will join to-morrow evening although not present in person. Robert S. McCormick 259 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION SIR LAWRENCE ALMA-TADEMA London, England, April ii, 1907 Church, Secretary, Carnegie Institute All hail to Institute and Carnegie. Alma-Tadema CAPE UNIVERSITY Cape Town, Africa, April 10, 1907 Carnegie Institute Best congratulations, Cape University university of christiania Christiania, Norway, April 12, 1907 Carnegie Institute Best congratulations from the University of Chris- tiania. Broegger Rektor 260 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN Erlangen, Germany, March 4, 1907 Carnegie Institute Beste Gliickwunsche zur erhebenden Feier iiber- sendet der akademische Senat der Universitat Er- langen. MADAME CURIE Paris, April 11, 1907 Trustees, Carnegie Institute Regrette profondement de ne pouvoir accepter I'ai- mable invitation des Trustees et presente souhaits sin- ceres. Mme. Curie 261 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION UNIVERSITY OF HELSINGFORS Helsingfors, Finland, April lo, 1907 Carnegie Institute Novas aedes artibus musis scientiis dedicatas populo Americano gratulamur : Universitatis Helsingfors Rector Magnificus, HjELT imperial military academy of medicine St. Petersburg, Russia, April 10, 1907 Carnegie Institute The Imperial Military Academy of Medicine of St. Petersburg offers cordial congratulations to the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute. May this splen- did pillar of science ever jflourish for the benefit of mankind and for the glory of the American nation. A magnificent monument of a liberal donor. President Danilevsky Secretary Dianin 262 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE JONKHEER A. P. C. VAN KARNEBEEK MINISTER OF STATE The Hague, Holland, April ii, 1907 Church, Carnegie Institute Hearty feeling for significance of your glorious fes- tivities. I regret my absence and offer best wishes and congratulations. Karnebeek NATIONAL university OF LA PLATA La Plata, Argentine Republic, April 12, 1907 Carnegie Institute National University of La Plata sends congratula- tions day of dedication your new buildings. Joaquin V. Gonzalez President 263 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION REALE ACCADEMIA LINCEI Rome, Italy, April 12, 1907 Secretario Ufficio, Carnegie Institute Reale Accademia Lincei Roma vuole essere conside- rata presente in ispirito alia grandiosa cerimonia del' inaugurazione del nuovo f abbricato Carnegie Institute, splendido f rutto postero, iniziative private, in codesta illuminata repubblica. Presidente Blaserna. PROFESSOR WILHELM K. RONTGEN MuENCHEN, Bavaria, April 10, 1907 Trustees, Carnegie Institute Thanks for renewed invitation. Cordial wishes for success. Professor Rontgen 264 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF CAEN Caen, France, April lo, 1907 President, Institute Carnegie Universite Caen vous adresse cordiales felicitations et souhaite prosperite. Zevort Recteur UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO Tokyo, Japan, April 10, 1907 Secretary, Carnegie Institute Cordial congratulations. President University Tokyo FRIDAY LUNCHEON At the conclusion of the presentation of addresses, the guests of the Institute were taken for an automobile ride about the city and through the parks of Pittsburgh, after which a visit was made to the Pittsburgh Country Club where luncheon was served. 265 FRIDAY AFTERNOON On Friday afternoon there was a continuation of public addresses, in the following order : INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN ZOOLOGY P. CHALMERS MITCHELL, M.A. (aBERDON. ET OXON.) D.SC. (oXON.), F.Z.S., F.L.S., F.R.S., SECRETARY TO THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON We who have come as delegates from other countries to the dedication of the Carnegie Institute at Pitts- burgh rejoice to see how splendidly the generous imagi- nation of Mr. Carnegie has been translated into this magnificent instrument for the advancement and prop- agation of natural knowledge. There is no greater gift to mankind than an increase in the peaceful arma- ments of knowledge, and we confidently expect that this splendid institution will become a new citadel of 267 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION learning, a new brain-center of the world, a new force in man's struggle to obtain comprehension and control of nature. In the name of the societies and institutions of Great Britain and Ireland that have similar objects, I offer homage and greeting to the Carnegie Institute. At a meeting such as this, where men are gathered to- gether from many lands, it is important to turn to those modes by which different institutions and countries can cooperate in their common task. We can rely, for many centuries to come, on the continued existence of the primordial stimulus of ambitious rivalry; the newer and higher factor of international cooperation in work still needs to be fostered. I need not argue the point that international cooperation in science must aid the advancement of science ; but science is only one of the modes by which man raises himself from the natal dust, divides himself from the ancestral beast. Many of us, at the invitation of Mr. Carnegie, are going on from Pittsburgh to the Conference at New York on Inter- national Arbitration and Peace, and I submit that in- ternational cooperation in science is destined to be a growing component of the factors that make for peace. Put it in the crudest way. Is there a musician or a painter, an astronomer or a zoologist here, who, finding himself an armed man in the barbaric struggle of war, would not hesitate to shoot, were his bullet likely to find its billet in another musician who would have added to the harmonies of the world, in another painter before he had set all his fair dreams on canvas, in an- other astronomer who might have pierced still further 268 o u THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE into the silent recesses of space, in another zoologist who was elaborating yet another link in the chain of evolution? In more general terms — every community of interest that binds unit man with unit man of differ- ent countries makes it easier to control the sudden surges of primeval passion that lead to war, and, if the common interests transcend the rivalries of nations, if our devotion to the arts and the sciences that belong to all mankind is stronger than our accidental attachment to the race of our birth, then the arts and sciences above and beyond their intrinsic value have a supreme im- portance as agencies in the consolidation of mankind. I propose now to touch briefly on some of the details in which increased international cooperation is urgent, choosing instances relating chiefly to my own subject of zoology. CATALOGUING OF ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE The number of institutions throughout the world in which zoological work is done, and the number of languages and periodicals in which such work is pub- lished, throw an increasing burden on the worker who wishes, as every real scientific worker does wish, to make his own investigations fit into the investigations of others, to prevent wasteful overlapping and to se- cure harmony. So long ago as 1865, when the difficulty was less acute, a number of English zoologists, led by Dr. Albert Giinther, a name of world-wide honor in zoology, founded an Annual Record (published by 269 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Mr. Van Voorst of London) in which the attempt was made to publish the titles and to give a brief indication of the contents of the zoological memoirs published in every country in the preceding year. Although the utility of the enterprise was apparent from the outset, after the first three years it was only by a great sacrifice on the part of the editor and the staff and by a grant from the British Association for the Advancement of Science, that it survived. The annual volumes VI to XXII were published by an association of subscribers, aided by grants from the British Association, the Royal Society of London and the Zoological Society of Lon- don. At the end of 1886 the "Zoological Record So- ciety" failed to secure a renewal of some of these grants, and the Zoological Society of London, to save a work of great importance to zoologists, undertook the financing and production of the Record, and has main- tained it in existence to the present day, the forty-sec- ond annual volume having been published early this spring. In the meantime, an international enterprise of larger scope has come into existence. Professor Henry of Washington, U. S. A., at a meeting of the British Association held at Glasgow in 1855, had urged the formation of a general catalogue of scientific pa- pers. The Royal Society of London undertook the task and has now nearly completed the huge work of cata- loguing under author's names, and of providing a sub- ject index to the scientific literature from 1800 to 1900. It soon became apparent, however, that the continuance of such a work was beyond the resources of any single 270 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE body, and, at the invitation of the Royal Society, a con- ference took place in London in 1896, and was at- tended by delegates from Canada, Cape Colony, Den- mark, France, Germany, Hungary, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Natal, The Netherlands, New South Wales, New Zealand, Norway, Queensland, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Of this Conference was born the Inter- national Catalogue of Scientific Literature, one of the greatest attempts at scientific cooperation of modern times. The essential idea of the system is that a local bureau, representing each country, should collect and index the literature of its own country, and that the material obtained in this way should be sent to one center, where, under a bureau directed by an Inter- national Council, it should be collated to form a series of annual volumes representing the contributions of all nations to the different divisions of science. The vol- ume relating to zoology naturally covered the same ground as that of the Zoological Record of the Zoolo- gical Society of London, although there were consider- able differences in the details of the arrangement. The Zoological Society, although naturally preferring the mode of presentment which it had elaborated itself and which had become familiar by years of usage, realized the importance of preventing the overlapping of effort, and, last year, arranged to join hands with the Inter- national Catalogue, practically and financially, and beginning with the literature for 1906 the zoological volumes of the "International Catalogue" and the 271 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION "Zoological Record" will be identical and will be pro- duced by joint effort. The success of such a scheme will depend in large measure on the degree to which the bureaus representing the different countries work loyally for the common good. In the meantime, Dr. Herbert Haviland Field, an able and devoted Amer- ican bibliographer, has founded and brought to a high degree of efficiency the "Conciliimi Bibliographicum," another international institution which by a different method endeavors to place at the disposal of zoologists accurate information regarding the annual output of zoological literature. I venture to hope that the next stage in international cooperation in this subject will result in an addition of the methods of the Concilium to the methods of the Catalogue and the strengthening of the latter by the special experience and devoted ser- vice of Dr. Field. Were this final concentration made zoologists would then have an Annual Record of zoolo- gical work as nearly perfect as may be, in the form of a complete Index of Authors and Memoirs, alphabet- ically arranged, and an elaborate subject index in four languages; the device of the Zoological Record by which specialists could obtain the part relating to their own subject would be retained, and there would also be retained Dr. Field's extremely useful prevision by which index cards relating to any subject can be sup- plied to any worker or institution that orders them. For the present the Royal Society of London has ad- vanced the capital necessary for the enterprise, and the Zoological Society of London, although it has no State 272 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE or other endowments, makes a considerable annual grant toward the editorial expenses; but if the various countries and institutions support the undertaking by subscribing for a sufficient number of copies, the Rec- ord will very soon be entirely self-supporting. Looking still further into the future, I hope that the International Council, when it has satisfied the zoologists of the world by perfecting the scheme of re- cording zoological literature, will be able to influence it. I do not think that it can be doubted that every de- partment of zoology, but perhaps systematic zoology in particular, suffers by the diversity in the modes in which kindred new facts are given to the world. Dif- ferent words are used to express the same zoological idea, different scales of measurement or of color are employed for the same set of animals, and extremely different conceptions obtain as to the use of terms in classification, and as to what is sufficient for the diag- nosis of new races, species, genera and so forth. An International Council that had gained the confidence of the zoological world by its mode of recording litera- ture might do much, through the editors of the zoolog- ical journals, in securing uniformity in these important matters. ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE The great task with which the systematists of the day, and especially those connected with museums, are en- gaged is the determination of the different kinds (species, sub-species, local races) of animals and plants 273 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION that people the surface of the globe. There cannot be too many persons or institutions engaged in this work, for not only is it colossal, but the rapid spread of civil- ization is exterminating vast numbers of different kinds of animals. We hear of the extinction of the great game animals, of beautiful birds or, even, of rare butterflies; but as forests are destroyed, as land is brought under cultivation, as marshes are drained and rivers are dammed, countless nimibers of inconspicuous forms disappear. And yet these are materials for the study of evolution, links that, before we have know- ledge enough to understand their importance, may have been lost to science. The work of collecting and recording them can not go on too quickly. In this mat- ter there can not be too much cooperation by the great museums of the world in lending type specimens, and sending out special collections on loan, as, for instance, has recently been made possible by Professor Ray Lankester, the director of the British Museum of Nat- ural History, in the case of the hitherto almost inac- cessible collections of that great institution. But prog- ress is being delayed by want of uniformity in the rule of zoological nomenclature. American zoologists, and in particular those who deal with mammals, have been boldly wise in seeing that a temporary confusion of names, the unpleasant changing of terms with which usage has made us familiar, is a small evil if it leads to a permanent uniformity. I trust that when the Zoolog- ical Congress meets at Boston this August, every zo- ologist who shares in the deliberations on the rules of 274 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE nomenclature will be prepared to sacrifice his own inclinations and customs to the necessity of a universal scheme. Names are but convenient counters, and the essence of their convenience is that each name should have an indubitable significance. I do not propose to enter here on the details of the various possible amend- ments to the International Rules of Zoological Nomen- clature which will be discussed at Boston. A committee of the Linnean Society of London, of which I had the honor to be a member, has discussed these at great length and will present a summary of their suggestions in due course. But one particular matter not included in our report, and which may indeed still be a council of perfection, I wish to set forth. I dare to suggest that one source of difficulty is that in different languages the same letters have different sounds, and that within one language the same letter has frequently several sounds. It appears to me that much confusion would be avoided if all scientific names were to be built up only from an agreed upon uniform alphabet, such, for instance, as that of Esperanto, in which each of the twenty-two simple and six accented letters has a dis- tinct and invariable sound, and in which there are no doubled letters. When an entirely new name is in- vented, it should be formed of these letters, pronounced in their conventional fashion; when the new name is derived from an existing word, as, for instance, when a species is named in honor of a person, the author should transliterate into the alphabet of, say, Esperanto the accepted pronunciation of the parent word. I suggest 275 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION the use of the alphabet of Esperanto, merely because that has been meticulously compiled and is already familiar to many thousands belonging to different na- tionalities and tongues. INTERNATIONAL ALPHABET. (Esperanto) Ordinary Letters. Accented Letters. :tter. Pronunciation. Letter Pronunciation. (French Example) (French Example) A a long (Ame) B h (Bal) C ts (xsar) c tch (xcHeque) D d (oent) E e closed (eIe) F /(Fort) G g hard (cant) G dj (aojutant) H h aspirated (naine) H {ch (German) (docn) I i long (lie) (7 (Spanish) (jota) f (vena) ' y, i spat - I (aie) J - C (aiLLE) il, ilk \ J J (jouer) I (aiL) K kivXlo) L /(Lac) M m (Mon) N n (Notre) O long (apotre) P p (port) R r (Rire) S s sharp (sur) g ch (cHat) T t (Ton) U ou long (voute) U ou short (miaou) V V (voir) Z z (zete) 276 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE To take a few examples : A mouse dedicated to Cail- lard would become Mus kajardi, to Chalmers M. cal- mersi, to Centaur M. sentauri. It would then be possible to apply the so-called one-letter rule in the strictest way, as each letter would have a definite and invariable significance. I would go still further, and, as each existing name became determined by the rules of priority, I would have it transliterated into the new alphabet, so extending backward the process of simpli- fication. The two topics I have selected relate to the mechan- ism rather than to the substance of zoology. It is un- necessary to do more than name some of the substantive problems of zoology for the solution of which interna- tional cooperation is necessary. In the department of paleontology for instance, it is of first-rate importance that a concerted systematic effort should be made to explore the surface of the earth for fossils. The annual exploration trips of the great American institutions bring a magnificent harvest of fossil remains to science, and the generosity of the Carnegie trustees in distributing casts of their most im- portant discoveries is a real aid to international science. But only a little portion of the surface of the globe has yet been explored, and the recent marvelous results ob- tained by Dr. Andrews of the British Museum in the Egyptian Fayum show what wonders still remain to be discovered. In marine zoology, the problems, whether they be purely scientific, or whether they relate to the great industry of fishing, are essentially interna- 277 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION tional. Notwithstanding the pioneer work of piscicul- turists in America and Europe, the modes of fishing of to-day recall the methods of primitive hunters, rather than of agriculturists. And yet we know enough to reject the old poetical phrase which spoke of the "un- vintageable sea." The sea can be made to yield a har- vest of food for the human race, immeasurably greater than it does at present, when, by the joint efforts of the maritime nations, its fisheries are controlled and culti- vated. But these and the many other problems of zo- ology, in particular those relating to the theory of evolution, are in themselves so attractive, that I have preferred to lay stress on the duller, but vital question of method as more urgently requiring consideration at international assemblies. \^Applause^ 278 FRENCH SCULPTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES BY CAMILLE ENLART Mesdames, Messieurs: Je tiens a exprimer a mon tour ma reconnaissance et mon admiration pour I'homme eminent qui nous a con- vies a venir juger de son ceuvre grandiose. Des voix plus autorisees que la mienne ont apprecie le cote hu- manitaire, pratique, scientifique de cette merveilleuse fondation. Le distingue conservateur de notre grand musee f rangais des maitres contemporains vous dira ce qu'il pense du musee d'art moderne forme ici par les soins de Mr. Church et de Mr. Beatty; quant a moi, mon domaine est I'art du passe, et il me semble qu'a ce point de vue aussi c'est sans reserve qu'il faut feliciter les organisateurs et I'eminent fondateur qui peut dire avec le philosophe antique "Homo sum et nihil humani a me alienum puto." A cote de I'admirable bibliotheque qui vient de se creer, I'art ancien a ici sa grande et juste place, et les hommes de savoir et de gout qui ont su former la selec- tion d'exemples que nous admirons ont droit a la recon- naissance des amis des arts et de I'histoire. Tout ce qui s'est fait de plus beau a ici sa place comme tout ce qui peut se faire de bien, et c'est dans un ordre a la fois 279 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION harmonieux et methodique que sont presentes les mo- deles les plus parfaits des arts antique, medieval et moderne. Dans cette reunion d'oeuvres doublement impor- tantes pour I'art et pour I'histoire, je ne puis qu'etre fier de la place que tient ma patrie, depuis ce portail de Saint-Gilles, le plus parfait peut-etre des monuments romans, moule ici pour la premiere f ois avec une remar- quable habilete, jusqu'a ce Puits de Moise, de Dijon, la sculpture la plus puissante de la derniere periode go- thique. Le choix de ces deux exemples montre bien comment nos ancetres ont su etudier tour a tour ou simultane- ment les modeles classiques, si bien adaptes a Saint- Gilles, et la nature, etudiee au Puits de Moise dans ses moindres details, mais avec une singuliere intelligence de I'effet d' ensemble. Un peu plus de deux siecles separent ces deux ceuvres et cette periode est celle de la plus grande vitalite artis- tique de la France. Laissez-moi vous dire quelques mots de ce passe glorieux. Le portail de Saint-Gilles qui represente bien I'apo- gee du style roman, a ete eleve entre 1 150 et 1 180 en- viron, precisement a I'epoque ou cet art fut abandonne pour le style gothique. On sait que I'art roman, comme les langues romanes, s'est forme de la tradition romaine simplifiee, assouplie aux besoins de temps plus mo- dernes et legerement modifiee par quelques elements d'origine barbare, qui sont surtout des ornements geo- metriques. Mais un element qui n' entre pas dans la 280 3 "3 o en THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE formation des langues romanes a, au contraire, une grande importance dans les arts, c'est Tinfluence byzan- tine. On sait qu'apres les invasions des IV^ et V^ siecles toute culture intellectuelle se trouva ruinee dans I'Empire d'Occident, tandis que I'Empire d'O- rient prosperait, et c'est a I'art byzantin que Charle- magne emprunta ses modeles lorsqu'il provoqua cette Renaissance des arts qui f ut le point de depart du style roman. Du V^ au VHP siecle, I'Empire d' Orient a cree un style et eleve de nombreux edifices qui en bien des points ressemblent a ceux qui furent batis en Occi- dent au XIP. Le Marquis de Vogiie avait mis ce fait en lumiere, et vous savez que la demonstration a ete reprise et completee depuis plusieurs annees par la mission americaine de Syrie : Mr. Edw. Crossby Butler a maintenant enrichi nos musees de precieuses collec- tions de photographies et de moulages de ces edifices. En France, le style roman, forme de la fusion har- monieuse des elements romains, byzantins et barbares, s'epanouit a la fin du X^ siecle et disparait avec le XII^. II forme des ecoles tres varices dans nos diverses provinces, etSaint-Gilles montre bien la caracteristique de I'ecole de Provence. Ayant a sa disposition quan- tite de beaux modeles d'art romain, elle a plus que toute autre serre de pres I'imitation de I'antique, avec ses colon nes corinthiennes, ses architraves, ses frontons, ses proportions savamment reglees. Mais une fois que nos artistes furent devenus assez habiles pour imiter avec tant de perfection, ils se sentirent en mesure de 281 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION creer, par leurs propres moyens, un art original, et c'est ce qu'ils firent; cet art, c'est le style gothique, ne en France au cours du XIP siecle, et dont le succes f ut tel qu'en peu d'annees il avait conquis toute I'Europe et la plus grande partie de I'Asie Mineure. L'art gothique a introduit dans 1' architecture et dans la sculpture des principes tout nouveaux. L' architec- ture gothique, dont mon confrere et ami, Mr. Moore, de rUniversite de Harvard, a si bien resume les caracteres en un petit livre substantiel, est avant tout un systeme organique. Voici ses caracteres principaux. C'est d'abord I'emploi de la voute d' ogives, qui per- met, en reportant toutes les poussees sur un petit nombre de points, d'alleger aussi completement que possible le reste de la construction. Pour la premiere fois done, les edifices voutes purent etre a la fois spa- cieux, solides et largement eclaires. C'est aussi I'emploi de I'arc boutant, corollaire ne- cessaire des grandes voutes d' ogives. L'arc boutant consiste en une demi-arche exterieure appliquee aux points ou se concentrent les poussees et qui les epaule puissamment en leur opposant une poussee en sens con- traire. Quant a I'ornementation, elle est empruntee directe- ment a la nature. Les sculpteurs, en effet, ne se servent plus alors que tres librement ou tres exceptionellement des modeles antiques et byzantins que copiaient leurs predecesseurs romans. lis creent de nouveaux profils de moulures, etudies en vue de produire des effets d' om- bre et de lumiere raisonnes et calcules ; ils ne reprodui- 282 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE sent plus reternelle feuille d'acanthe antique ou by- zantine, mais tous les feuillages sans exception; c'est sur les plantes vivantes de leur pays qu'ils prennent les modeles infiniment varies de leur ornementation vege- tale. Les figures que vous voyez au porche de Saint- Gilles sont des agrandissements d'ivoires byzantins ou des imitations de modeles gallo-romains ; au contraire, les statues que vous verrez aux portails de toutes nos grandes eglises au XIIP siecle seront etudiees d'apres le modele vivant et la draperie reelle. Ces statues dont les plus celebres et les plus belles sont celles des portails d' Amiens, en particulier le Beau Dieu et le Saint- Firmin ; celles des portails de Reims et des portails lateraux de Chartres peuvent parfois riva- liser avec les meilleurs modeles grecs. L' evolution de la statuaire grecque et de la statuaire f rangaise est, du reste, tout-a-f ait la meme. Dans la transition de I'art roman a I'art gothique au milieu du XIP siecle nous trouvons, comme dans I'art grec d'Egine, des figures maigres et longues aux yeux allonges, au sourire hieratique, couvertes de vetements gauf res de petits plis ; au temps de Saint-Louis comme a I'epoque de Pericles, I'etude tres savante de la forme se rapproche beaucoup plus de la realite mais recherche les types les plus nobles, les traits generaux, les simplifica- tions synthetiques. C'est un art eminemment distin- gue, mais il ne s'immobilise pas : depuis la fin du XIIP siecle, il tombe dans la recherche du detail et dans le manierisme ; il prefere la grace a I'austerite et ressemble a la statuaire alexandrine. Enfin, depuis la fin du 283 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION XIV^ siecle, on tombe dans le naturalisme, dans la re- cherche de I'expression non seulement vraie mais fami- liere et du type individuel ; les artistes reussissent dans le portrait a I'egal de ceux de I'epoque romaine. C'est de cette periode que datent les magnifiques fi- gures du Puits de Moise. Ce gout du realisme et du style familier n'est pas proprement frangais; c'est le debut de ce style flamand que la peinture perpetuera jusqu'au XVIIP siecle. A partir du XIV^ siecle, en effet, la plupart des statuaires qui se rendirent celebres en France furent des flamands: au debut de ce siecle, c'est Jean Pepin de Huy, auteur des statues funeraires de Robert d'Artois; et a la fin du meme siecle Jean de Saint-Romain, le statuaire frangais de Charles V, a pour emules a Paris et a Bourges le valenciennois Andre Beauneveu et Jean de Cambrai, et a la cour de Bour- gogne une legion de flamands dont les plus celebres sont Melchior Broederlam, auteur du retable de la cha- pelle ducale. Jean de Marville, qui travaille aussi a Rouen, Jean le Moiturier, qui sculpte egalement en Dauphine, coUaborent au portail de la chartreuse de Dijon et aux tombeaux des dues; enfin Claus Sluter et Claus de Werve, son neveu, sont les auteurs du Puits de Moise. Ce fut a la meme epoque que 1' architecture gothique frangaise, lasse de travailler sur les memes themes em- prunta de I'Angleterre les elements de ce style de deca- dence si riche et parfois si gracieux qu'on nomme style flamboyant, et un siecle plus tard, lorsqu'on sera lasse aussi des outrances de ce style, on empruntera a un 284 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE autre peuple etranger, aux italiens, ce renouveau des formes antiques qu'on nomme la Renaissance. Au XVP siecle comme au XIP, les frangais surent faire preuve d'un temperament personnel dans I'imita- tion de I'art classique, et egaler cependant la perfection de leurs modeles. Je n'en veux pour preuve que cette oeuvre magistrale des debuts de notre Renaissance qui est le tombeau du due Frangois II de Bretagne et de sa femme, les parents de notre reine Anne de Bretagne, sculpte par le plus grand des maitres f rangais du temps, Michel Colombe. On I'admire encore dans la cathe- drale de Nantes et sa reproduction, qui est ici, me dis- pense de le commenter, Mais avant que d'aller chercher des inspirations chez ses voisins, la France leur avait donne a tous des en- seignements d'art. Son expansion au XIP et au XIIP siecles avait ete, en effet, prodigieuse. Au XIP siecle deja, les moines de Cluny avaient porte I'art roman du centre de la France dans tout le nord de I'Espagne et de ITtalie ; leur rivaux et succes- seurs, les moines de Citeaux, repandirent plus loin en- core le style gothique. C'est eux qui Font fait penetrer en Italic, a Fossanova, de 1197 a 1208, en Suede, a Warnhem; dans I'ile de Gotland, en Danemark; en Portugal, a Alcobaga. Partout alors les maitres d'oeu- vres de la France etaient appeles et ses principaux edi- fices imites. La cathedrale de Sienne fut commencee par des moines de Citeaux dans le style de la Bourgogne. En AUemagne, au XIIP siecle, une chronique nous 285 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION apprend que I'eglise de Wimpfen f ut batie a la mode de France, opere francigeno, par un maitre mande de Paris. Peu apres, le maitre Gerard donna le plan de la ca- thedrale de Cologne. S'il n'etait frangais, il etait eleve de maitres frangais, car 1' edifice est une copie evidente des cathedrales d' Amiens et de Beauvais. Une cathe- drale quelque peu anterieure, celle de Bamberg, a des clochers qui sont une copie flagrante de ceux de Laon, et dans les statues de ses portails, le Dr. Weese a re- connu I'imitation non moins evidente de la statuaire de Reims. En Danemark, la cathedrale de Roeskilde imite de non moins pres I'ancienne cathedrale d' Arras. En Suede, nous savons par une charte authentique que le maitre parisien Etienne de Bonneuil fut appele en 1278 pour construire a I'imitation de Notre Dame de Paris la cathedrale encore existante. En Hongrie, le maitre d'oeuvres picard Vilard de Honnecourt nous apprend par les notes de son album qu'il fut appele pour batir des eglises vers le milieu du XIIP siecle. En Angleterre des la fin du XIP siecle maitre Etienne de Sens est mande a Canterbury pour con- struire la cathedrale a I'imitation de celle de sa cite natale. En Espagne, la cathedrale de Tolede, oeuvre d'un maitre Pierre, frangais, et la cathedrale de Burgos sont de tres proches imitations de celle de Bourges ; celle de Leon est du style champenois, avec un porche imite de ceux de Chartres et une statuaire toute frangaise. 286 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Le XI V^ siecle continue ces traditions: en 1363, a la cour d' Avignon, I'empereur Charles IV rencontre le maitre Mathieu d' Arras et remmene a Prague, con- struire la cathedrale qu'il commence dans un style avignonnais tandis qu'a Milan le parisien Pierre Mignot execute la meilleure partie de la cathedrale commencee jadis sur les plans de son compatriote Bonaventure. Mais en ce moment meme, la guerre de cent ans ruinait la prosperite interieure et le prestige exterieur de la France. Elle ne s'est relevee que beaucoup plus tard, mais elle a repris ses traditions glorieuses : Hou- don a laisse en Amerique plusieurs de ses plus belles oeuvres; il est venu faire les portraits des heros de I'in- dependance, Washington et I'amiral Paul Jones; des artistes frangais sont encore aujourd'hui vos botes. Avant nos desastres du XV^ siecle, I'activite artis- tique de la France avait depasse les limites de I'Eu- rope. Sans parler de ce maitre orfevre parisien, Pierre Bourchier, que I'ambassadeur de Saint-Louis trouva travaillant a Canton en 1249 pour I'empereur de la Chine, on sait qu'au XIP siecle deja le royaume de Jerusalem etait une colonic surtout frangaise de popu- lation, frangaise exclusivement d'art et de langage. Plus tard, le royaume de Chypre, fonde en 1191, lui survecut trois siecles, et c' etait une colonic si bien assi- milee qu'en 1505 un pelerin normand pouvait ecrire de ses habitants : "lis sont aussi bons f rangais que nous sommes en France." Dans cette merveilleuse ile, les monuments frangais 287 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION des XIIP et XIV^ siecles, les cathedrales de Nicosie et de Famagouste, I'abbaye de Lapais, le chateau de Saint- Hilarion ne different pas de ceux de la mere patrie et ne leur cedent pas en beaute. Quant aux grands chateaux des Croises de Syrie au XIP et XIIP siecles, comme Margat et le Krak des Chevaliers, ils sont aussi frangais mais plus puissants encore et plus majestueux que les chateaux de France. Notre France du temps de Saint-Louis, Mesdames et Messieurs, etait un pays encore jeune, plein de vigueur, d'intelligence et d'activite feconde, et Ton peut sans paradoxe le comparer a ce qu'est aujourd'hui I'Ame- rique. Non seulement elle couvrait le monde de ses impor- tations et conquerait des colonies, mais elle jouissait a I'interieur d'une immense prosperite. L'afFranchissement des communes y avait fait fleurir des libertes et des autonomies que nous n'y connaitrons plus ; la Foi y imposait une discipline morale qui s'est aussi perdue; et le developpement interieur du pays n'etait pas moins etonnant que son expansion au dehors; partout s'elevaient rapidement ces cathedrales dont les clochers etaient les skyscrapers de ces temps- la. En meme temps sur tout le territoire mais princi- palement dans le midi, se batissaient des villes neuves ou bastides. Leur plan etait souvent d'une rigoureuse symetrie; et souvent elles avaient pour marraines les plus illustres des vieilles villes. Sous ce double rap- port, elks rappellent ce qui se fit en Amerique plusieurs siecles apres. Cordove, Valence, Vienne, Milan, Flo- 288 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE rence, Damiette, Boulogne, Tournai ont donne leurs noms a diverses bastides du XIIP siecle; d'autres, comme Lalinde, Villeneuve-la-Guyard, portent le nom de leur fondateur; d'autres noms, comme Sauveterre ou Villefranche, expriment la securite ou la liberte; d'au- tres bastides se contentent de s'appeler Neuville. Quant a la regularite des plans, ceux qui n'ont pas ete defigures, comme a Montpazier (Dordogne) surpas- sent en sjmietrie les plans de New York ou de Pitts- burgh. Dire que la France de Saint-Louis n'etait pas sans analogic avec I'Amerique actuelle n'est done pas une exageration, et nous pouvons nous reunir, Mesdames et Messieurs, pour souhaiter que cette analogic devienne plus complete. Dans les fondations interieures et dans les colonies de la vieille France, je vous ai dit quelle place I'art occupait, et de quelle valeur etait cet art. L'Amerique comprend aujourd'hui la place importante que doit occuper dans I'education I'art qui ennoblit la vie. La bibliotheque et les musees de I'lnstitut Car- negie nous temoignent assez que tel est le sentiment qui regne ici, et un peuple qui possede des statuaires comme un French ou un Saint-Gaudens, des peintres comme Stuart, des architectes comme Sullivan, pent et doit aj outer a ses gloires toutes les splendeurs des arts. [^Applause'] 289 DUNFERMLINE'S SON BY JAMES CURRIE MACBETH PROVOST OF THE CITY OF DUNFERMLINE, SCOTLAND Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: Sixteen miles as the crow flies to the northwest of Edinburgh, looking from the Castle Rock, on a day when the skies are clear, one can discern on the hillside which slopes to the northern shores of the Firth of Forth, a provincial town, in birth a royal city, Scot- land's capital before Edinburgh was, which at once is both the pride and envy of Scotland. That city, Dunfermline, is not noted because of its extent or population; but it has a historical past which is indissolubly linked with the Scotland of to-day. There in the palace were born the kings of past cen- turies; there they ruled, died, and were buried; there in her venerable abbey they worshiped; there, in the eleventh century, the saintly Queen Margaret, by pre- cept and example, at Malcolm Canmore's Tower in Fittencrieff Glen, taught her husband, King Malcolm Canmore, as many another noble wife has in later days, that moral worth and not physical force must ulti- mately prevail, — that, to paraphrase an ancient Greek author, well fortified is the city whose destinies are 290 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE guarded by a wall of noble and honorable men and not merely by a wall of stone. That Dunfermline was in the past the center of civil- ization in Scotland is beyond question, and that it is destined, thanks to the princely benefactions of its loyal and generous son, Mr. Carnegie, to be a powerful influence for good, not only in Scotland, but wherever her sons may in years to come be located, admits of no doubt. There are in the lives of all of us, I know, unseen powers, whose influence it is impossible for others, aye, even for ourselves, to estimate. You, Mr. President, and others here who have not had the privilege of being born in that royal city, can scarcely realize what Dun- fermline is to its own children. Besides Mr. Carnegie, there are here to-day some who, like myself, are native born. Let these visualize here and now the venerable abbey, and from its belfry recall the tolling of the cur- few bell at eventide, and say if they can do so without emotion, without realizing, notwithstanding all that there is to enthrall and allure in this wonderful modern city of Pittsburgh, that there is, three thousand miles away, a provincial city to which they are bound by ties which can not be broken. My words, I fear, but feebly convey my meaning. But, quoting from memory (and he is present here who penned these words, and will for- give me if I quote inaccurately), I can give you the words of one who is not a mere provincial, as I am, but who, while a native of Dunfermline, is a citizen of the United States, — in truth, of many countries, because 291 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION his interests are world-wide. These are the words: "What Benares is to the Hindu, what Mecca is to the Mohammedan, what Jerusalem is to the Christian, all this and more Dunfermline is to me." The man who wrote these words years ago is Mr. Carnegie. For nearly twenty years I have been closely identi- fied with the civic life of Dunfermline. For four years I have had the honor and responsibility of being the head of the municipality, the Provost of the city. In- vested as I am to-day with these purple and ermine robes and this chain of office, I stand here as the accred- ited representative of the council and community of Dunfermline. I value exceedingly the honor of bear- ing an address to the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh on this memorable day in the history of your city. What Dunfermline owes to Mr. Carnegie is not my special province to deal with on this occasion. Before, however, I present the address, you will perhaps for- give me, Mr. President, if I acknowledge in a sentence what Pittsburgh, I am sure, and what Dunfermline, I know, owes to Mrs. Carnegie. Strong personality as Mr. Carnegie is, in whose lips Browning's words, "We fall to rise, are baffled to fight better," are most ap- posite, he would be the first to acknowledge that his wife's sweet and gracious personality has been a domi- nating influence in his life, a power behind the throne. I do not know how it is with you in the United States, but in Scotland the highest honor which a municipality can confer is what is known as the "Freedom of the 292 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE City." That honor has been jealously guarded in Mr. Carnegie's native city. When I tell you that the only living Freemen of Dunfermline are Lord Elgin, who is chairman of the Scots Carnegie University Trust; Mr. Carnegie himself; the Prime Minister of Great Britain and Ireland, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, and the chairman of the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, Dr. Ross, you will at once realize the truth of what I say. To that list will shortly be added the name of one who is honored and beloved for her own sake by all classes of our community, Mrs. Carnegie. And hers will be the unique honor of being the first woman to be presented with the freedom of that royal city to which, I know, she also is devotedly attached. And now it is my privilege to present an address from the municipality andcommunity of Dunfermline, simple in its language, yet an address which I believe will receive a place of honor within these walls. These are the words I bear to you to-day : I'o the Board of 'trustees of the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh: We, the Provost, Magistrates and Councilors of the City of Dunfermline, assembled in Council on the twenty-fifth day of March, nineteen hundred and seven, desire to address you on the occasion of the dedication of the new buildings about to be added to the Institute. The purpose of the Institute and the various objects of use- fulness to which the buildings are devoted excite our liveliest interest. We have no doubt the whole scheme has been carefully and skilfully planned with a view to the promotion of the high- est welfare of the people. We are aware that the services ren- 293 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION dered by the Institute have already proved of the greatest value to the inhabitants of Pittsburgh, while they have at the same time been instrumental in adding to the sum of human knowledge available to all mankind. We do not doubt that with the ac- quisition of the new buildings the usefulness of the Institute will be greatly enhanced. It is a delight to us to hear that the inhabitants of Pittsburgh have given evidence of a warm ap- preciation of the blessings which the Institute is fitted to aiford, and that all classes in your community, especially the young, make use of the opportunities given for the increase of knowledge and for the culture of the mind. You will, we feel sure, understand the special interest which the inhabitants of Dunfermline take in the dedication proceed- ings. The founder of your Institute is a native of our city, and he has conferred priceless benefactions on the place of his birth, while not neglecting the claims of the place where he has spent his business life. He has thus been the means of linking Pitts- burgh and Dunfermline happily together. Our constituents en- joy the outcome of his liberality in schemes too numerous to dwell on in this address, and we can not wish you better than that the gifts he has bestowed on you, and especially by means of the Institute, may have the like beneficial effects as are being experienced by us. We are greatly gratified that our Provost has been invited as one of your guests at the dedication ceremonials. We have asked him to accept the invitation with our greatest good-will. It gives us great pleasure to commit this address to his keeping and to ask him to deliver it to you with our most friendly greet- ings. Jas. Currie Macbeth, Provost. Wm. Simpson, Town Clerk. [seal] To the care of yourself and your successors in office, Mr. President, I commit the parchment, illuminated in 294 ')lk:^ A»v \\*1 1' , \ -^*w r,' I '-il^i! V.?. 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''lit oiro U5 grrai ylmmt to coinimtl liis ot'Or fss to l[b "^bivpij qui) to osh"im to ^Buht il lo i; inMmt l i iinr in(5l & THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE our own city, containing these words of greeting and congratulation, and I thank you all most cordially for your generous and enthusiastic reception of the message committed to my charge. {^Applause'] 295 THE RELATIONSHIP OF PITTSBURGH AND DUNFERMLINE BY DR. JOHN ROSS As I appear among you as a stranger I feel bound to address you in the usual language of conventional courtesy as ladies and gentlemen, but I hope soon to have your leave to abandon that language and to ad- dress you as our good King Edward addresses his no- bility as Right Trusty and Right Well-beloved Cou- sins. I have come with my colleagues, Provost Macbeth and Mr. Robertson, from Dunfermline in Scotland, and we bring with us the greeting of all the inhabitants of that ancient city. They desire us to assure you of their warm interest in these proceedings, and of their earnest desire that the Institute may be characterized now and always as a source of blessing to all the in- habitants of Pittsburgh. Personally, I have from its earliest beginnings felt charmed by the mission of the Institute. It has seemed to me a splendid bulwark against the material spirit which might possibly have inundated your city had it been wholly and uncontrol- ledly given over to the great industries from which it derives its fame throughout the world. Such industries demand untiring energy and devotion and those who 296 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE are engaged in them, either as employers or employed, are in danger of forgetting the full import of life, and to allow the urgent claims of the body to atrophy the less clamant but higher claims of the mind. You have, in this great building with its multifarious organiza- tions, set up an effectual barrier against the undue en- croachment of materialism, and it here stands as an effective announcement that man shall not live by bread alone, and also as an intimation of the submis- sion into which science has brought all material forces. Ladies and gentlemen, let me tell you why I think I may address you as right trusty and right well-beloved cousins. You know that the ground on which we stand was 150 years ago in possession, but not in the peace- ful possession, of the French. It was much coveted by the settlers from Britain, and they were backed by the military forces from that country. Your Franklin and your Washington were young men at the time and eagerly threw themselves into the fray. The king's forces were equally eager and these were composed of men largely from Scotland. Among the officers there were Sir Peter Halket, who had the command of the 44th Regiment of Foot, and his son, James. This Sir Peter was at the time the Provost of Dunfermline, our first citizen, the predecessor in office of my companion. Provost Macbeth, but he left the charge of our muni- cipal affairs and his home, joined General Braddock, and he and his son both fell in the unfortunate and bloody battle which was fought near where we are as- sembled. The next-door neighbor of Sir Peter Halket 297 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION was Colonel John Forbes, the Laird of PittencriefF, a property the name of which I ask you to remember. Nothing daunted by the fate of his neighbor, he, three years afterward, assumed the command of another ex- pedition to avenge the bloody misfortunes of Braddock and to wrest this territory from the French. I have been reminding our Provost of the different circum- stances under which he and his predecessor have trav- eled between Dunfermline and Pittsburgh and the dif- ferent errands which brought them hither; one slowly and painfully, with certain hardship and possible death in view, — the other swiftly and luxuriously with no prospect but of friendly greetings and the acquisi- tion of increased vigor of body and mind; one on a mission of death, the other of life, and yet, who can tell how much the pleasures of the one are due to the pains of the other. To return to my narrative, Forbes, by unparalleled exertions and with the assistance of Washington, marched here and captured Fort Du Quesne, from which the French had fled, and in com- pliment to his friend, that great statesman, the first Pitt, changed the name to Pittsburgh. Pitt, in thank- ing Forbes for the compliment, well described Pitts- burgh as being in the richest and most fertile part of North America. Pitt in saying so had a certain amount of prescience, but little did he know how literally true were the words he was using. Forbes' s health was shat- tered by his exertions, and six months later he died in Philadelphia. Thus it was that Dunfermline's sons won for your fathers and yourselves the territory on 298 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE which we stand and gave the name to your city of which you are so proud. Of this John Forbes I wish to say a few further words. His early biography is recorded on a pane of glass in the attic of the Mansion House of PittencriefF, a name which I have asked you to try and remember. It was scratched, I have no doubt, by his father, and runs "Jo. Forbes, merry little colt." It was this "merry little colt" who had such grim and bloody work to do in founding Pittsburgh and giving it a start in life. About eighty years subsequent to the death of Forbes another "merry little colt" was born in a humble home near to the Mansion House of Pitten- crieff, and he was christened as is attested in the bap- tismal register "Andrew Carnegie." Shortly afterward another was born, named Thomas, and a third, a cousin of the last two, appeared about the same time and was named George Lauder. In process of time, but while they were still boys, all three left Dunfermline and set- tled in this town. They did not bring with them im- plements such as were carried by Colonel Forbes, but they brought something more powerful — all of them were provided with brains. I need not tell you how their brains were exercised in the building up of this city; you are Pittsburghers, and you know that to tell the history of your town is largely to tell the history of these three brainy boys. Especially so is this the case as to that merry little colt, Andrew. Intrepid and in- defatigable, and an untiring worker, he remained and still remains, and long may he remain, the merry little colt. While other men could let work kill them, he 299 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION made fun of it and a source of health as well as of wealth. And now, having reminded you how Dun- fermline has given you of her best blood and her best brains, and how she has contributed to the founding, the naming, and the upbuilding of your city, may I not claim leave to let aside all conventional terms and af- fectionately speak to you in the name of Dunfermline as right trusty and right well-beloved cousins'? But, cousins, you have not been ungrateful. We of Dun- fermline have not been mere givers of gifts to you. You have returned them manifold. Especially has that merry little colt, Andrew, rendered himself your in- strument in redeeming the blood of our Provost and his son and of his progenitor in the ownership of Pitten- crieff. He has sent many dollars from Pittsburgh to Dunfermline, but not before passing over them the magician's wand and spiritualizing the cold metal into warm life-blood. I cannot specify all the purposes to which these dollars have been applied and will con- tinue to be by means of a fund which is to provide a constant stream from Pittsburgh to Dunfermline, dur- ing many years to come. Suffice it to say that their ob- ject is to create in Dunfermline an atmosphere of sweetness and light, and the Provost, Mr. Robertson and myself are officers of the Trust formed for the purpose. We do not, however, present ourselves to you as finished specimens of Sweetness and Light, but rather as illustrative specimens of the difficulties our co-trustees have to encounter in sweetening and en- lightening the average man of Dunfermline. What I 300 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE wish more pointedly to say is that one asset of the Trust is that estate of Pittencrieff in the Mansion House of which the merry little colt, who afterward be- came Colonel Forbes, was born, and which was pur- chased and presented to us in trust for the inhabitants of Dunfermline by that other merry little colt, with dollars earned in Pittsburgh. Cousins, Pittencrieif was purchased with Pittsburgh dollars, but it will never be sold again, — its price will forever be priceless. It is a unique possession, lovely in all respects, and as the home of King Malcolm Canmore and his sainted queen, Margaret, it is enchanted ground to every Scotchman. Thus circles the whirligig of time, and thus the blood and brains we gave for Pittsburgh are being returned to us with interest manifold. Right trusty and right well-beloved cousins, let me tell you that you all owe a duty to pay homage in Pittencrieff. There we have the Tower of King Malcolm to which he brought our patron saint. Queen Margaret, our pre- cursor in the creation of Sweetness and Light. It was she who taught our king to read and our people to wor- ship ; it was she who introduced the love of learning and the love of truth; it was within a few paces of her tomb where the hero of to-day's proceedings was cradled, and it requires little imagination to see the close con- nection between King Malcolm's Tower and the Car- negie Institute. Right trusty and right well-beloved cousins, let me repeat our affectionate greetings, let me also enjoin on you to foster the alliance formed be- tween us in blood and brains, by visiting your relatives 301 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION in Dunfermline, If, on your arrival, you see no known faces you will only have to give the password "Pitts- burgh" and you will have a friend in every man and woman you meet. Be sure to announce yourselves at the office of the Carnegie Dunfermline Trustees. You will be shown how we are continuing the sacred work of our sainted Margaret, and how especially we are caring for the bodies and minds of every child of the community through many beneficent agencies, how we are anxious that all of these children physically and mentally should, when grown up, bear the Dunferm- line mark of honor in uprightness of character and wis- dom of conduct. We shall esteem your friendship, we shall be stimulated by your criticism, and you and we shall, on comparing the work of your Institute with the work of our Trust, find that we are seeking the same ends, the good of man and the glory of God. ^Ap- plause'] 302 THE CONNECTION BETWEEN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING BY SIR WILLIAM HENRY PREECE, K.C.B., F.R.S. The term Science implies knowledge of the facts and laws of Nature. Engineering is the practical applica- tion of these laws to the wants, safety, and comforts of man. The broad divisions of science are well indicated by the various departments of the Carnegie Institute of Technology, while the similar subdivisions of engineer- ing are shown by the numerous associations which exist for the consideration of its well developed branches. Matter is that which occupies space and possesses weight and inertia. Energy is that which is capable of doing work upon matter: forcing it to move against resistance. The conservation of matter and of energy are the two greatest generalizations of modern days, for they imply that the quantity of each in the universe is fixed for ever and that neither is capable of being created or of being destroyed. Each can be changed only from one form to another. The doctrine of everlasting existence is proclaimed by these great laws of nature. 303 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION We have recently learned much of the structure and mechanics of matter. The reign of the atom as the minutest particle of matter has ceased. The corpuscle or "electron," infinitely smaller, reigns in its place. Radium and its disintegration, together with those re- markable rays of Rontgen, which enable us to see our own bones, add to our marvels. Why did science lie smoldering for sixty centuries ere Galileo and Newton defined the laws that deter- mine the motion of matter, and that control the stately march of the bright orbs of heaven? Why did it only in the nineteenth century burst into a flame glowing with greater brilliancy every year ? We now see the in- visible, we hear the inaudible, we annihilate space, we transmit the human voice across great continents, and we render transparent the opaque. The dreams of the philosopher, the visions of the poet are now the illustra- tive facts of the professor. The simple answer to the question is : it is the result of the unshackling of the mind from the thraldom of ignorance, and the freedom of intellectual intercourse between all civilized people. Science now knows no nationality; it is independent of language; it is the property of the whole world. What has led to this emancipation? First. The cessation of Church domination led in Great Britain by Wycliff and Wesley. Secondly. The decay of the old abstract philosophy which kept civilization in a fog for centuries and the growth of modern, organized common sense. 304 E o o Pi c ■fab c W THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Thirdly. The freedom of speech and the right of self-government. Fourthly. The growth of education, a free press, and pure literature. The self-consciousness of man has been elevated and he has learnt to observe, to think, to reason, and to retain. Thus political and mental freedom aided by clear thought and true reason have unfolded nature's laws, and the engineer has applied them to expedite trans- port, to facilitate communication, to eliminate time and to annihilate space. The history of engineering did not lag so much as that of science. Tubal Cain, before the flood, was, according to the authorized version, "an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron," but according to the revised version, "the forger of every cutting instrument of brass." The ancient Egyptians over 5000 years ago, reared the noble Pyramids that still tower above the Nile. The seven wonders of the old world were : 1. The Egyptian Pyramids at Gizeh. 2. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. 3. The Temple of Diana at Ephesus. 4. The Walls and Gardens of Babylon. 5. The Colossus of Rhodes. 6. The Statue of Jupiter by Phidias. 7. The Pharos at Alexandria. Five of these wonders appertain to engineering and two to Art. The Pyramids alone remain, while rem- 305 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION nants of the Mausoleum and the Temple of Diana are found in the British Museum. Moses was the greatest sanitary engineer that the world has ever known. Archimedes flourished before the Christian era, and the works of the Romans are still plentiful in Great Britain. The Parthenon of Athens remains an object of wonder and delight. The track of the conqueror in all ages and countries has been marked by the construction of roads for the conveyance of food, and the purposes of trade and commerce — the engineer has always been in evidence. No marked or great progress occurred until Watt in- troduced his steam engine in 1769 — which was not matured until early in the nineteenth century — since when textile works, steel, steamships, railways, tele- graphs, telephones, photography, etc., have revolution- ized the world — not in all cases for the better — auto- cracy and armed forces still exist as menaces to the weak and costliness to the strong. The engineer has still to apply his knowledge of nature's laws to the de- struction of human life with the greatest rapidity, and at the greatest distance. War still rumbles in the air, though doubtless its amenities have been softened and its prevalence diminished by the handiwork of the en- gineer. This is accomplished by facilitating rapid communi- cation and thus checking misleading conclusions from imperfect information. The defects of language, false reports and the errors of translation are answerable for half the political troubles of the world. 306 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE On the other hand the engineer is a great benefactor to his race, for he has facilitated and economized the transport of raw material and of food supplies. In- deed, the railroad and the steamship render famines practically impossible. The recent so-called famine in India was not due to the want of food, but to the want of money to buy food. Many who died were too proud to beg or too bigoted to accept aid from Christians. They preferred to die rather than acknowledge their distress. No one can deny that the engineer has improved the condition of life in the civilized world, the mean dura- tion of life has increased, and David's limit has been raised. In my own experience, we in London have re- duced our death rate from twenty-four in a thousand to seventeen. Even life itself is forced to help man. The biologist finds the germ of disease in bacilli and the engineer utilizes feeding bacteria to purify his sewage. Thus life itself is made to minister to the ser- vice of man. His works are tending much to hasten the advent of peace on earth and of good-will among the nations. The engineer has become the necessity of the age. Hitherto his education has been self -acquired. Inven- tion will probably continue to be the result of indi- vidual private inquiry, but the great majority of the active workers in the field must be educated in their science and trained in their art. This is the function of technology. Technical education is that mode of mental training which prepares the brain to assist the 307 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION hand. Craft — the art of doing — is vastly assisted by the exercise of thought and judgment. The "reason- why" of every tool and every operation is the science of the industry. Thus technology is the application of science to industrial processes. Germany in very early days grasped the necessity for technical education, and the United States very speed- ily followed her example; Great Britain is a bad third. The fashion in Great Britain is to devote wealth to hospitals, churches, public gardens, and art galleries. It is difficult to get bequests for technology from pri- vate individuals. This is especially the case in Lon- don. There is great want of patriotism there. It is a city of temporary rest, where all nationalities come, flourish, and retire to their countries or to their towns to enjoy their wealth. Those who are inclined to leave money do so for the local wants of their native places, and not for the scene of their success. It is different in America. We are now taking part in the more common- sense method. Next to Watt, probably our most inventive engineer was Bessemer. Here in America counties and towns are named after him. His name is scarcely known in England outside the iron and steel industries. In Pittsburgh it is a household word. We are only now trying to perpetuate his name, by fitting up Memorial Metallurgical Laboratories in London, Birmingham, Newcastle, Sheffield, and other places. The response to our appeal has been disappointing. We hope to make the scheme international by establishing post- 308 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE graduate scholarships in Metallurgy which shall be changeable so that graduates of London shall go to Pittsburgh for their practical course, and graduates of Pittsburgh shall come to England or to one of the British colonies for their practical training. It is a bold idea and would speedily be realized if the American spirit so fully developed by your Carnegies, Armours, and Rockefellers were the fashion at home. At present we can boast of only one educational bene- factor — Cecil Rhodes — but a handsome contribution was bequeathed by Alfred Beit for technological pur- poses in London. London as a whole comes off badly. We have to be satisfied with a portion of the taxes on whisky and beer, but even that source is on the down- ward slope, owing to the very remarkable and satisfac- tory growth of temperance. I have come over here to learn a lesson from the ex- ample of Pittsburgh, and I am anxious to see how you have dealt with the relative values of buildings, equip- ment, teachers, pensions of technological colleges. Our experience in England is that too much money is spent on buildings, too little on equipment, the en- dowment for teachers is in all cases inadequate, and no provision is made for the retirement of the teacher when played out. The whole spirit and essence of a school is to be found in the occupants of the chairs. The professors must be kept in touch with their profes- sion so as to be maintained in the advances that are so rapidly occurring in all branches of engineering. They must, therefore, be masters not only of the practical, 309 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION but of the scientific side also, and to induce them to give their whole heart to the work they must see before them the prospect of an adequate retirement allowance. The Civil Service of Great Britain is manned by the pick of the country. Able men are willing to act for salaries that are paltry when compared with those given by private enterprise, but their promotion in the Civil Service is sure, their pay is known, and they can retire at sixty, and must retire at sixty-five, with a pension two-thirds of their full pay if they have served forty years, or a less sum if they have served a less number of years ; the number of years of service being divided by sixty to give the ratio. This inducement is a great force in determining the selection of that service. We want some such system in our education systems all over the world to attract the men we want and the only men who are competent to teach. The ideal teacher, like a poet, is born, not made. He must have enthusi- asm in his work and be able to enthuse those he teaches. His selection is, therefore, a very responsible business, and one requiring much tact. I am also anxious to learn how you deal with fore- men and workmen, apart from the usual class of gradu- ates who are preparing for the positions of supervisors and masters. The latter follow the regular curriculum, which generally means a continuous four years' course, but the former demand special treatment. The chief function of the education they require is not so much to impart up-to-date knowledge as to dis- pel their acquired ignorance. The almost irrepressible 310 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE dominion of evil seems to facilitate the retention of ignorance. The great resistance to progress is the de- termination to remain ignorant. I have found it most beneficial to encourage in every form self-education, and to place at the disposal of all inquisitive workmen works of reference, apparatus for examination, experi- ment and test. A fact acquired by experiment or ob- servation makes a lasting and indelible impression on the workman's mind. Evening classes in England are for this reason a great success. Self-acquired know- ledge of facts has a very beneficial influence, and lends much pleasure to these meetings. America, like Great Britain, owes much to the self- educated enthusiast. The great iron industry of Penn- sylvania, like that of Shropshire, owes much to Parker of Coalbrookdale, who, with Rutter in 1720, built the first furnace for making pig iron at a village which they christened Coalbrookdale. There are several places named after Parker, Parke rsburgh, Parker's Landing, etc. We at home have a self-educated genius, Tom Parker, of Wolverhampton, who commenced life as a foundry boy in Walbrookdale. He revolutionized the dynamo, invented the modern electrical production of phosphorus, and has now extracted the smoke in- gredients from coal and converted them into profitable spirits, oils, and pitch. Bituminous coal becomes "Coalite," a smokeless steam fuel. He has thus developed an oil-spring on the surface of the earth. 311 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION The good old practice of apprenticeship for seven years has virtually ceased in England. Boys came from home to the bench and worked up to the top round of their ladder. No finer mechanics could be found in the world than the departed British mill- wrights, but they have gone with the Tory and the Whig. It was their only education, but they were the builders of the trade of Great Britain. Schools and colleges have superseded apprenticeship to the detri- ment of craftsmanship, but to the advantage of mental capacity, experienced management, and commercial knowledge. The industrious, thoughtful, judicious workman, with true technical training and clearsightedness, has his fortune in his hands and the world at his feet. The student of to-day commences life with more scientific knowledge than Watt, Stephenson, Fulton, or Eads ever possessed. The world is his stage and his success in it depends entirely on himself. The academical, mathematical monist is an interesting fossil. The scientific engineer is the great civilizer. He has con- structed the swift floating palace. He has pierced the Isthmus of Suez, and he will soon pierce that of Pan- ama. His nerves of communication rest in the deep unfathomed caves of ocean, or wend their undulating flight among the gulls and albatrosses in the blue em- pyrean. We in England do not approve of degrees of en- gineering being given by our Universities. They imply experience which no university can give. The Insti- 312 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE tution of Civil Engineers in Great Britain is alone in that country competent to certify to the practical quali- fication of a civil engineer. Admission to that body is dependent on practice. Excellent systems of examina- tion by papers and theses safeguard the qualification of its members. Degrees of Science are of a different class. They imply advanced education. We welcome such degrees and allow them to waive preliminary ad- missive examinations, but their possession does not make an engineer. The diploma of membership of the Institution of Civil Engineers is difficult to obtain, and its possession is a standard of value. It seems ungenerous to say one word in opposition, but when we contemplate such disasters as the destruc- tion of San Francisco, the blow-up of the Jena in Tou- lon, the loss of the Berlin at the Hook of Holland, the dreadful floods that have devastated Pittsburgh, we must feel that, however much we engineers may boast of our knowledge of nature's laws, we are impotent when nature proclaims her power in the abrupt earth- quake, the furious tempest, the irresistible cloudburst, and the invisible operations of molecular energy. It is something to have lived through the latter half of the last century, and more to have taken part in the pioneering of some of the great advances made. I was born when the rushlight was in use, where gas had not penetrated; when the fowling-piece was fired by flint and steel; where steam railways were unknown; where the four-horse mail-coach brought the letters, and the penny post had yet to come. 313 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION I have seen science, engineering and education grow up with such rapidity that it is well-nigh impossible to remember what has happened. I am glad to have been able to visit America for the fourth time and to see with my own eyes the giant strides she is making, by the aid of her patriotic and successful men of wealth, to solve the great question of cementing the connection between science and en- gineering. I am an old hand in technical education, for I have been actively engaged in teaching, promot- ing, and directing it since 1867, when I held the first chair in Electrical Engineering in the Hartley College, Southampton. I think this was the first of its kind in Great Britain. I congratulate Pittsburgh on having in their midst a nature's gentleman who has solved the difficult ques- tion, "What can I do with my wealth so as to distribute the greatest good to the greatest number?" {^Great applause^ 314 (J ■< o X DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL STYLE IN GERMANY BY E. VON IHNE It is with great diffidence that I venture to lay before you some views of my own on the modern development of architecture in Germany, feeling that as it is not pos- sible to give a comprehensive survey of the domain in question I must be content to submit to you my con- clusions without enabling you to judge whether they are sufficiently supported by facts. I am encouraged, however, by the belief that it may be of interest to hear upon this subject the opinions, not of an art historian but of an architect, who has himself passed through some of the phases of modern architecture, and who has felt the influences that have led to many of its changes. Now the future of architecture as a fine art is in- separably bound up with the vexed question of archi- tectural style, and with regard to the development of style a review of what the past century has produced would not at the first glance seem to encourage a very bright outlook for the future. There is no doubt that much of the best artistic power of the nineteenth cen- tury was wasted in fruitless search for a style in archi- tecture and the industrial arts adapted to the age. Though the great inventions of that century brought 315 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION about a more rapid and frequent interchange of thought between nations than was ever possible before, we have seen in our own time as a consequence of these fruitless endeavors a greater diversity in the architec- tural aspect of Europe than there was at the close of the eighteenth century. No one country has been able to establish an acknowledged supremacy in architec- ture, as when France at the commencement of the Gothic period, Italy during the Renaissance, and France again in the eighteenth century, took the lead and was more or less closely followed by the rest of Europe; nor does any such supremacy seem to be in prospect at present. It seems strange indeed that a century which has contributed more than any other in the world's history to the advancement of science, and which has been so fruitful in inventions that have immeasurably in- creased the wealth and power of mankind, should have been stricken with barrenness in this one domain of architectural inventiveness. We architects are accus- tomed to be asked reproachfully why our age has pro- duced no style of its own, as former periods have done, and we are often told that our art has fallen from its high estate and that the best among us have sunk to the part of more or less conscientious copyists. In my opinion this reproach is unjust, and the chaotic state of modern architecture may be accounted for without as- suming that our architects have been lacking in the inventive qualities possessed in former times. The unsatisfactory state of things in the nineteenth century 316 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE has been brought about by two causes. First, by the destruction of an ancient society and an old accumula- tion of wealth by the French Revolution and the Na- poleonic Wars, and, secondly, by the sudden growth of a new society and new wealth acquired for the world by the introduction of steam-power and the in- ventions which followed in the wake of this great innovation bringing about a sudden demand after a long standstill — a demand to which the artistic in- ventiveness of no age would probably have been equal. A great break in the development of art followed the French Revolution and the resulting ruinous wars. Both the population and the resources of European countries were so reduced that building enterprise was for a long time crippled, and the position of the privi- leged classes was destroyed or greatly weakened. The experienced and fastidious patrons of art being no longer able to give employment, the standard of ex- cellence in artistic work was necessarily lowered and the number of artists and craftsmen was reduced cor- responding to the lesser demand, so that a great amount of technical and artistic skill acquired in the course of many generations and handed down from father to son and from master to pupil was lost to mankind. For a considerable time the Greek revival, which had been brought about by Stuart's work on Athens, pre- vailed both in north and in south Germany, its most famous representatives being Schinkel in Berlin and Klenze in Munich, but during this period the trans- formation of society was progressing, and when, after 317 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION the lapse of half a century wealth once more began to be accumulated, it was in the hands of new men, and the connection with the artistic past had been so com- pletely severed that it seemed no more difficult or in- appropriate to build in one historical style than in an- other, and thus we see attempts in almost every style from the Gothic to that of the Eighteenth Century fol- lowing each other in a succession too rapid to allow of architects or craftsmen acquiring any satisfactory de- gree of proficiency. Perhaps the impartiality with which different styles were regarded during the latter half of the century was partly due, especially in Ger- many, to the influence of the newly founded schools of architecture, and to the scientifically impartial treat- ment of different periods by art historians. However, in spite of its architectural errors and shortcomings, for which the course of historical events must be made responsible, it would be a mistake to suppose that dur- ing the nineteenth century there was no progress in architectural style. Within the last twenty years the study of style by architects has been very much more profound than was the case with former eclectic masters, and the skill of craftsmen and their knowledge of ancient methods of workmanship has been wonderfully perfected. Great influence has been exercised by Semper's book on Style in the Technical Arts, and by his own work and example. But, above all, general interest in architecture has been awakened, and the artistic education of the public 318 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE has been much advanced by the study of art collections and by travel. It is well to remember that art is not pro- duced by the artist alone, but that the public has a large share in artistic progress, and that the quality of the architect's work must greatly depend on the artistic judgment and appreciation of his client. As it was the ruin of the more cultivated and artistically apprecia- tive classes that brought about the decline of art in the first half of the nineteenth century, it has also been the gradual ripening of the public judgment that has pro- duced a marked progress in our own time. One may say that during the nineteenth century a competition of styles has been carried on in Europe, a most costly competition, in which, not drawings and models, but real buildings were submitted to the public. This com- petition has not yet come to a close, but many of the styles that have competed may be said to have been thrown out, so that the choice seems now to be fortu- nately limited to few. Speaking of my own country, I may say that in bringing about this result the prac- tical common sense of the public has been chiefly in- strumental. There was a time when Gothic competed on equal terms with the style derived from classical architecture, but the domain of Gothic seems now to be limited to ecclesiastical art where ancient forms do not clash with modern requirements, and even here it seems doubtful whether Gothic will long retain its predominance with us, at any rate, for Protestant churches. The classical architecture derived from the temples of ancient Greece represented the admirable 319 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION and refined solution of comparatively simple architec- tural problems in a southern clime. But this architec- ture which was practised in Berlin and Munich for nearly two thirds of the nineteenth century was even- tually found to be not sufficiently adaptable to the needs of our time without losing its best and most char- acteristic qualities. Travels in Italy, which were long considered to be the most essential part of a modern architect's artistic education, had led to great admiration for the Italian, especially the Florentine Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, but it was ultimately felt by a majority of architects that the Italian masterpieces most admired owed their most characteristic qualities, especially the bold and happy contrasts of wall and windows, to conditions of life and climate that are not to be found in our country. After the establishment of German unity the style of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Ger- many was taken up with great enthusiasm, first by Munich and south Germany, and then by the north, in the hope of developing a peculiarly national style of architecture. In its application, however, the German Renaissance presented the same difficulties as the class- ical style, though in a lesser degree. Low stories, small windows, high-pitched roofs over narrow build- ings, cramped and inconvenient staircases are charac- teristic of the period, and when these characteristic features were removed by improvement, the buildings thus modified acquired a general aspect very much ap- 320 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE preaching eighteenth century work, from which they remained distinguished chiefly by moldings and by ornament. Thus it happened that many architects of note gradually drifted into the style of the early eighteenth century, and it came to be widely under- stood that our forefathers had already done much of the work which we should have to do in adapting the German Renaissance to our wants, especially with re- gard to the ample provision of light and air; but not less in enlarging the scale of architecture, which dur- ing the medieval and the Renaissance period had been greatly dependent on the narrow streets and small open spaces of our ancient walled cities. Especially within the last ten years has there been a decided move in this direction. In Munich many of the works of Thieroch, Seidel, Hocheder, the later works of Hofman, the City Archi- tect of Berlin, of Messel and of Kayser and von Gross- heim, as well as my own buildings, may be quoted as being based on this period of historical architecture. At the same time there is a decidedly increasing lean- ing toward simplicity, and a tendency to avoid mean- ingless decoration and superfluous ornament, which correspond to a growing fastidiousness of taste in the educated classes. If these lines are followed for a con- siderable time, which I think will be the case, and, if architects continue to aim at change only in the interest of progress and not for the sake of novelty, it may be hoped that a style suitable for and peculiar to our time, though not necessarily surprisingly novel, may be de- 321 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION veloped as from the fifteenth century to the eighteenth one style was evolved out of another, in the same man- ner in which modern languages have been constantly changing even since the period of what is termed their classical literature. But there is a group of modern architects chiefly in Germany, in Belgium, in Austria, and of late years also in Italy, to whom this system of evolution seems too slow, and who have been striving voluntarily to create or to force a new style. Two means are employed for this purpose. Ancient ele- ments of architecture are to be given up as too rigid to admit of progress and an entirely new system of ornament is to be introduced. Now I object to both these methods. I can not bring myself to believe that one generation or even one century will be able to in- vent a substitute for the orders of architecture, which have been modified and perfected through so many ages, though, of course, they may be capable of still further modifications; and though I believe that new life may be instilled into ornament by the introduction of new subject-matter, I do not think that a system of ornament of such meager invention and such barbaric crudeness as is presented by the innovators, can for any length of time satisfy the cravings of the mind which sees in ornament one of the essential elements of archi- tectural beauty. I feel sure, however, that among the advocates of this new style, or "Jugendstil," there are many architects of considerable talent, though of mis- taken aims, among a host of ungif ted imitators, who are working only for sensational effect, and I hope and be- 322 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE lieve that the former will gradually throw off many of their eccentricities and become less radical in their wish for novelty at any price. Now, apart from architectural detail and from orna- ment, the work of the new art group most frequently shows more resemblance to the work of the eighteenth century, which is everywhere gaining ground, than to any other historical period, and there is, therefore, a probability that the different currents of modern archi- tecture in my country will eventually unite in one com- mon channel. In Prussia where the greatest patron of architecture is the State, the style of public buildings has been much influenced and will I hope continue to be influenced in the same direction by the great interest which our Em- peror takes in architecture. Though his Majesty has so much understanding and love for earlier styles that he has caused the Gothic castle of Hoh-Konigsburg in Alsace to be restored by Ebhard in a most conscien- tious and scholarly manner, he has early discerned that for the healthy development of style it is most essen- tial that the efforts of architects should be as much as possible concentrated toward the same aim. It is in fact through such concentration of effort, sup- ported by stability of taste in the building public, that the styles of the past were formed. In Berlin the style of the commencement of the eighteenth century repre- sents with us the period of the foundation of the Prus- sian monarchy, and the adoption of this style as a start- ing-point for our modern architecture connects the 323 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION present with our most glorious architectural period, that of our greatest architect, Schliiter, and thus may contribute to give the city a unity of style which has long been, alas, conspicuously absent. At the commencement of his reign his Majesty de- cided that the buildings to be newly erected in Berlin for the Crown and for the State should be designed in a style harmonizing with the noble architecture of the Royal Palace and of the Arsenal. Among the first were works of my own — the new Throne Room in the Palace (der Weisse Saal), the Royal stables (Mar- stall) and the Museum for Painting and Sculpture called Kaiser Friedrich Museum, in memory of our be- loved Emperor Frederick. The new cathedral for Ber- lin was built by Raschdorff in a classical style from designs which had already been submitted to the Em- peror Frederick, and to which our emperor considered it a filial duty to adhere. At present his Majesty is following with the keenest artistic interest the work at our new State Library, which I am myself building, and which will be one of the most important in the world. Not only the designs for these buildings, but all those of great importance for all departments of the State, are now regularly submitted for his Majesty's approval, and are influenced by his wishes. Continuity of effort I believe to be the principal condition of progress in architecture, and I consider my country to be most par- ticularly fortunate in possessing at this critical period a far-seeing patron of art so powerful as to insure steadi- 324 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE ness of purpose so far as monumental architecture is concerned. It is therefore a hopeful view which I take of the future development of German architecture, and there can be no doubt that in Germany the misfortunes which caused artistic decline in the nineteenth century had a more disastrous effect than in any other country, for none had suffered so severely from the great Euro- pean wars. In England and France political unity has brought about greater artistic unity. Still, so far as I am able to judge, the development of style in both coun- tries has been following lines almost parallel to our own, the result of a century's trial given to different styles being a decided leaning toward the classical architecture of the eighteenth century, based as with us on a more complete understanding of that style, and therefore on a greater mastery with the possibility of greater freedom of treatment than ever nineteenth century architects attained when attempting to work in the style of a former period. I may sum up my argument by saying that in my opinion there has been in the history of architecture a progressive though sometimes interrupted develop- ment of style as an expression of the architectural re- quirements of society from the fifteenth century up to the nineteenth, and that in order to progress still fur- ther we must start from the advanced point which had been reached before the continuity of progress was interrupted. Yet, if we would not stand still, we must constantly work at the adaptation of old means to new wants which have arisen and are arising in our time. 325 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION In domestic architecture much has been done in this re- spect, especially in England, and of late years in Ger- many. But in no country is progress more likely to be brought about in this manner than in the United States, where architects have already shown themselves well able to grapple with new architectural problems aris- ing from new requirements, as in your admirable li- braries, or from new methods of construction, as in your giant commercial buildings ; and where the oppor- tunities offered to architects are more frequent and the means at their disposal greater than in any other coun- try or age. The advancement of art has always been promoted by the peaceful rivalry of nations, and I therefore feel sure that the art of European countries can only gain by our finding, as we certainly shall, in the United States of America, a competitor as formi- dable in the domain of art as in commerce and in in- dustry. [^Applausel 326 THE SOLUTION OF A GREAT SCIENTIFIC DIFFICULTY BY SIR ROBERT S. BALL A HIGH honor has been paid to me by the committee of the Carnegie Institute. The request has been made that I shall take a part in the interesting ceremonies in which we have been engaged this week. In response to this request I am here to give a brief address on a sub- ject which has recently engaged very much attention. It relates to the removal of a great scientific difficulty. The difficulty may be succinctly stated as follows : A study of terrestrial phenomena shows that the an- tiquity of the sun appears to be very much greater than would be compatible with the supposition that its heat was derived only from contraction on the principles of Helmholtz. We shall first consider how far the theory of Helm- holtz affords an adequate explanation of the suste- nance of the solar heat. The theory of Helmholtz sug- gests that the heat of the sun is continually replenished by its contraction. I need not go into the details of the experimental investigation of the present amount of solar radiation; suffice it to say, that, according to the determination of Scheiner, which is apparently the 327 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION best attainable result, we may make the following statement : — At a point in open space distant from the sun by the earth's mean distance, one square foot exposed per- pendicularly to the solar radiation would receive in one minute enough solar heat to raise one pound of water 14° Fahrenheit. The unit of heat we employ in these investigations is the quantity of heat which would be given out in the combustion of a globe of ordinary coal as heavy as the sun. We assume that this coal is supplied with suffi- cient oxygen for perfect combustion. To sustain the radiation of the sun at its present rate by the combus- tion of coal, a quantity of coal would have to be con- sumed which would correspond to one unit every 2800 years. We are, therefore, to remember that a globe of coal as heavy as the sun, if burned continuously and uniformly, so that it should be all reduced to ashes in 2800 years, would, during that time, give out just as much heat as the sun, radiating at its present rate, would give in the same time. This statement at least demonstrates that combus- tion cannot be the cause of the sustenance of solar heat. We know that the sun has been shining as warmly and brightly as it does at present for many thousands or millions of years. As 2800 years would be the utmost limit to the time during which a sun which depended only on combustion of ordinary fuel could give out heat, we must look to some agent much more powerful than combustion for the sustenance of solar heat. 328 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE For the purpose of our illustration we shall suppose that a pound weight of the sun was to be dragged to infinity against the attraction of the sun. This attrac- tion is very considerable. A pound weight on the sur- face of the sun would weigh about twenty-six times as much as a pound does on the surface of the earth. A pound weight on a spring balance would, of course, on the earth be indicated as one pound. If, however, weight and balance were straightway carried to the sun, the balance would then show twenty-six pounds, though there was no alteration in the mass it carried. To move this body a foot from the sun would therefore require twenty-six foot-pounds of work, and to move it two feet would require fifty-two units of work. The task of pulling the pound weight away to infinity would be an onerous one. The attraction of the sun would not appreciably diminish for miles and thou- sands of miles, but at last it would be found that the weight instead of being twenty-six pounds was only twenty-five pounds, and then twenty-four pounds, and as the body got further away from the sun's surface the attraction would lessen continually, when the body was distant from the sun's center about five times the sun's radius, the apparent weight would be reduced to about one pound; when it was distant ten times the sun's radius the apparent weight would be reduced to a quarter of a pound ; and in like manner the force neces- sary to drag the weight away from the sun would grad- ually lessen until it at last became imperceptible. The quantity of energy thus employed in pulling 329 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION the body away from the sun can be expressed as a cer- tain number of foot-pounds. We might imagine the work to be done by a steam-engine, in which case a cer- tain quantity of fuel would have to be consumed. We can thus conceive that the energy of a certain amount of coal would be measured by its capability for the task of removing a pound weight from the surface of the sun and taking it off to infinity. The following is the method by which we can ascer- tain what that amount of coal would be. We know the speed that would be acquired by an object let fall from infinity and traveling direct to the sun. This is much the same speed as that which a comet would ac- quire when, in being drawn in from an indefinitely great distance, it wheeled round the sun, grazing the sun, though not exactly falling into it. The speed ultimately attained by the comet is about 390 miles a second. This will give a sufficiently close determina- tion of the speed with which the pound weight, if let fall from infinity, would arrive at the sun's surface. It is an elementary principle of dynamics that the energy which the stone would have when it reached the sun's surface would be precisely equal to all the work that was required in dragging it away therefrom. If, there- fore, we can find the energy with which the stone would return to the surface of the sun, we have the measure of the energy that would be necessary to withdraw it to infinity. We know that a stone, or any other object which travels at the rate of five miles a second, will possess in 330 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE virtue of that velocity an energy equal to that which is produced by the combustion of an equal weight of coal. We also know that the energy is proportional to the square of the velocity, so that a stone which falls with a velocity of 390 miles a second, and which has sev- enty-eight times the velocity which we have just con- sidered, will have in virtue of that velocity as much energy as could be produced by the combustion of 6000 pounds of coal. Here, then, we have an indication of the quantity of potential energy possessed by the sun when its materials were in a widely expanded nebula. To restore the sun to its original condition of a nebula at an extremely great distance would require for each pound of solar matter as much energy as would be yielded by the combustion of tons of coal. Hence, we need not feel surprised at the statement that in the process of its contraction from infinity to its present bulk the sun has yielded 3400 times as much heat as could be produced by the combustion of a globe of coal the same weight as the sun. This figure, 3400, is no doubt not exactly that which was deduced from the actual illustration, but it is the correct result after various points now overlooked have been attended to. Our first consideration at such a statement is one of amazement. It is truly astonishing that a mere redis- tribution of the materials of the sun into the form of a very diffuse nebula should absorb so much heat. In this we have taken no account of the temperature of the sun. That is obviously of trifling moment in considera- tion of the solar heat assets. The sun could be warmed 331 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION from the cold of absolute space up to its present tem- perature by the combustion of a quantity of coal which would probably be far less than its present weight, so that a single one of the coal units would be more than sufficient to account for the temperature of the sun, if that was all that was involved. What we have now seen is that literally thousands of these units are con- cerned when we are estimating the quantity of heat given out in the course of the contraction from the nebula. We have seen that one of our coal units will supply the sun's heat for 2800 years. We have also seen that the whole amount of contraction will produce 3400 coal units. If we multiply them together we get the disappointingly small product, 9,520,000. This tells us that if Helmholtz's theory of the source of the sun's heat were true, the sun cannot have gone on radiating with its present intensity for as long, let us say, as ten million years. This result is distinctly disconcerting to one who expects to find in Helmholtz's theory an adequate explanation of the sustentation of sun-heat. Even making every allowance for errors, we must con- clude that if these figures are correct the sun's radia- tion could not have warmed the earth for such im- mensely greater periods of time as those which are de- manded by the undoubted evidence of geology, as is so ably shown in Professor Patterson's most valuable work. Compare also the figures which resulted from Pro- fessor John Joly's investigation of the antiquity of the 332 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE earth as deduced from the salt of the sea. He showed that a period of nearly a hundred million years would be necessary for the transformation of the sea from fresh-water to salt-water. Now this period is ten times as long as the total period during which the sun could have been shining, if the Helmholtzian view were cor- rect. The difficulty which has here been stated can be re- moved only in one way. There must be some source of energy in the sun beside that arising from contraction ^ and, indeed, much larger than that due to contraction. Until this main source of energy can be pointed out the physics of the solar system lie under reproach. Happily, we now see a way out of the difficulty. The discoveries of corpuscular motion by Professor J. J. Thomson have revealed to us movements of matter with velocities enormously transcending those with which astronomy has made us acquainted. Dr. W- E. Wilson has pointed out how a very small percentage of radium in the sun would account for the sustentation of its heat, and the Hon. R. Strutt has shown how the minute quantity of radium in the granites of the earth would enormously slow down its rate of cooling. The terrestrial indications of actual matter moving with the velocity of light have been paralleled and illustrated in a striking manner by the astronomical fact that the nebula in Nova Persei seemed also animated with a velocity of the same order. That the nebula from which the solar system orig- inated contained particles moving with velocities 500 333 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION times as great as that of the swiftest comet, will now be admitted. That an enormous supply of energy would be provided by even a very small quantity of matter so moving must be admitted. It is to be remem- bered that a mass of one pound moving with the ve- locity of light would possess in virtue of that velocity as much energy as could be produced by the combustion of half a million tons of coal. Thus the discovery of radium and of the wonderful phenomena associated therewith, has provided an escape from one of the gravest difficulties in science. [Applause^ 334 THE GERMAN MILITARY CONSTITUTION BY HIS EXCELLENCY LIEUTENANT-GENERAL ALFRED VON LOEWENFELD Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Board of Trustees, Ladies and Gentlemen: In the first list of the invited guests which was kindly sent to us by the Board of Trustees was written under my name, "The only soldier." I am sure many of the illustrious participators in to-day's ceremony will have thought in reading this remark, "Is Saul also among the prophets?" and will have taken it as a new proof of the empire of militarism in Germany. I also may reply, "Mars Musis Amicus," for an officer, like every other well educated man, must be well informed in the pro- gress of matters of science and literature. An officer, who has the real conception of the task which human destiny has imposed upon him, will always be conscious that he ought to be, not only a drill-master and a teacher of military specialties, but that he also has the noble duty of leading his subordinates in the direction of cul- ture and civilization. From this point of view, I hope you will pardon me 335 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION if in this assembly of representatives of science, art, and literature, I dare utter some few words about Ger- many's Military Constitution, as it is possible there might be some misunderstanding about this matter. We shall see that this military constitution is not the product of accidental caprice, but on the contrary, truly reflects the indigenous character of the nation. By re- stricting one's self to reading the daily and periodical press it becomes difficult to get a correct insight into our military life. They who form their opinions only from such articles and compare them with the caricatures of the comic papers, and only visit the big towns and princely residences of the Fatherland, will probably come to the conclusion that the whole of Germany is little more than barracks, and they will have a horror of walking in the streets where it might be difficult to avoid a disagreeable meeting with the extravagances and haughtiness of young officers armed with quizzing- glasses. Of course no reasonable man will deny that in such an immense organization as our army, here and there may be found some singularities, and we would natu- rally deeply regret if these laughable trivialities were not slashed up by cunning humorists and witty carica- turists. It is not possible to judge a nation, her whole doings, and all her exertions in the competitions of the world, without studying her history. Therefore nobody can understand the essence of German military constitu- tions if he does not try to find out the reasons, and how 336 -a m o o THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE Germany was obliged by circumstances to organize the national defense as it now is. Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, had obtained the position of his kingdom against his powerful neigh- bors by the same sort of weapons they used against him. That is to say, he found no other expedient than to form and support an army of enlisted men gathered wherever his recruiting officers could get them. The more foreigners that could be enlisted, the better for his own kingdom; for every man not a Prussian who entered the Prussian army made it possible for a child of the country to remain at home working at his fireside. Prussia being at that time rather thinly populated, it is clear that this system was considered a real benefit for its development. But if we look on the reverse side of the medal we see that by this system the Prussian people acquired the feeling that all affairs of war were the business of the sovereign only. The army was looked upon as an in- strument in the hands of the king. He had to pay for it as you have to pay for any instrument you use. Pe- rusing the private letters of that time, written while warlike preparations were going on between armies, we are struck with the indifference we find on every page in regard to events upon which the existence of the whole kingdom was depending. This system of an enlisted army was kept up until the beginning of the last century. The army and the leading officers, resting on the laurels won by the preceding generation, were not able to stand the shock of an attack led by the 337 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION genius of a Napoleon. Prussia had to undergo in those sad days of October, 1806, a calamity than which a severer one can not be imagined. But not only was something rotten in the state of Prussia at that time, but both the government and all classes of the nation had forgotten their duties and were not accustomed to regard gigantic events from a high point of view. I suppose it will not be possible to describe the political apprehension of the whole period better than by the following example. When the news of the terrible defeat of Jena arrived at Berlin the governor published this placard: "The King has lost a battle. Now, the first duty of every citizen is to be quiet." How mistaken the governor was ! Not only the king had lost a battle, but the whole nation was defeated in the lost engagement in Thur- ingia. It was not inaction that had to be the first task of everybody; on the contrary, every man, from the lowest to the highest, had at this moment to do all he could to assist the general struggle for the reconstruc- tion of the destroyed commonwealth. The peace of Tilsit, which closed the unfortunate campaign of 1806, compelled Prussia to relinquish half of her territory and only allowed her to keep in arms quite a small mili- tary power. This time of deepest humiliation, when the poor and tormented people had yet to feed a whole foreign army quartered in their own country, com- pelled the leading spirits to investigate the real causes of this unexpected disaster. The truth gradually dawned upon them that the real reason for a lasting 338 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE success in war does not depend upon the number of the fighting men or upon the efficiency of the weapons, but upon the superiority of the entire moral qualities of the warring nations. This truth once recognized, a strug- gle to find the right organization began, not only for the armed forces but also for the whole of the public service. How these ideas took form, how truly they were carried out, is shown by the effects they had. From this period of sincere but silent work, we date the foundation of our total modern legislation, covering among other things the self-government of cities, and last, but not least, the founding of the Berlin Univer- sity. The king himself gave for this purpose one of his own palaces. In this building the university is still at work, and in these halls during the last two winters the German students had the honor and the enviable privilege of attending the lectures of such far-sighted and enlightened scholars as the American professors, Mr. Peabody and Mr. Burgess. In order to bring about a new organization of the army King Frederick William III had the talent and the good fortune to choose a commission of men who clearly understood the necessities of the army as well as political economy. The leading genius of this commis- sion was General Scharnhorst, a son of a simple Han- overian farmer. His proposals were adopted and the principles he instituted are still — one hundred years later — dominant in our whole present military organ- ization. The ruling idea of Scharnhorst was, that, instead of 339 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION putting in the ranks only enlisted recruits, every citi- zen able to carry arms should be obliged to participate in defending his native soil. We ask, where did Scharnhorst find his ideas? Had he taken them from ancient Rome at the time of the republic when the Roman citizen was hauled from the plow to march di- rectly against the invading Carthaginians? It was not necessary to dive so deeply into classic antiquity, George Washington had shown to the astonished world but a few years before that simple militiamen were able to challenge the best drilled and equipped regular troops if the militia had only time enough to practise before going into the campaign. This system proposed by Scharnhorst and adopted by the necessity of a bitter political situation, stood the severe test in the following decisive wars of 1813—15. By Scharnhorst' s method little Prussia was at that time enabled to equip armies, which, proportionately, have never been numerically surpassed by any nation. Sixty years later, when our empire united the different branches of the German tree, Scharnhorst's method was embraced by the whole of Germany. The principal idea, as I have already said, is that every young man has personally to do his best to de- fend the Fatherland, and that no influence, either of fortune or of erudition, may excuse him, if he be fit, from this gallant task. So we find the son of the mil- lionaire standing in the same rank, side by side with the shepherd, both wearing the same uniform, and al- though coming from such different stations in life, yet 340 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE making in their external appearance a similar impres- sion. The young soldier, marching for months in the same rank with comrades of all social classes, naturally gets an idea of the feelings of men born in quite a dif- ferent cradle. The regiments being garrisoned in towns, the country recruit gets an impression of town life and his horizon is enlarged. On the other hand, when in the big manoeuvers the troops cross a province from one corner to the other, and are billeted in small places or villages, the town recruit is able to study the advantages and disadvantages of agrarian life. In their whole future most of them will never find such a favorable opportunity of coming together in such close contact with people in other conditions in society. In regard to the general standard of scientific educa- tion, Scharnhorst's system has produced an effectual in- fluence. As you know, every child is compelled by our government to go to school from his sixth to his four- teenth year. After that time his education is no longer compulsory. When the recruits are distributed in autumn to the different regiments the first thing re- quired is that every young soldier shall write his own biography without any help. From the published statistics based on the summaries of this examination we are able to see what percentage the enrolled men of every district have retained of what they learned in their school-days. The result of these publications is bringing about, of course, a great emulation between the different prov- 341 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION inces. No district likes to be named as a home of ignorance. Not to disturb the studious young men in their educational career, such young men are required to remain only one year with the colors instead of two or three. But in order to get this permission it is indis- pensable to prove possession of a certain degree of knowledge. This can be evidenced either by a special examination or by a certificate which the young man must get before presenting himself to the military en- rolling commission which is to decide whether he be fit or not. I am sure that you will agree with me that the ambition to get this one-year certificate is a great stimulus for the majority of young men. For I am sorry to say that many of them would not, were it not for this examination, voluntarily remain in school merely from a desire to learn. I hope I have depicted plainly enough that our mili- tary constitution is founded upon a democratic basis. Should a war break out, every one will have a dear relation or friend who must hasten to arms. I think such a constitution must consequently have an im- mensely peaceful influence upon the policy of the gov- ernment. Our army in time of war is nothing more than an army of citizens. Thanks to this present military constitution, it will never happen again that a foreign government will be able to hire German regiments, as was unfortunately the case during your War of Inde- pendence with the poor Hessian and Brunswick mer- cenaries. You may say that it is to be regretted on the whole 342 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE that we should have to support an enormous army. But the necessity for it will remain until the efforts for gen- eral disarmament have succeeded. Germany, lying in the center of Europe, must not be less prepared for an armed decision than her neighbors. I fear Polonius would say to my modest address: "This is too long." But it was my intention to show also that the striking thought which Andrew Carnegie has so graphically portrayed respecting the development of a man's character can also be applied to the develop- ment of a great nation. Happy the man who can look back with satisfaction to a hard and struggling youth. It was a great blessing for America, as well as for Ger- many, that both of them had in their years of political foundation to pass through such a series of long and bitter troubles. [Great applause^ 343 THE MISSION OF AN ART MUSEUM BY LEONCE BENEDITE Le Musee de Luxembourg, qui a I'honneur et la joie d'etre votre hote en la personne de son representant au- torise, est la plus vieille galerie du monde. II est heu- reux de venir porter son salut fraternel et ses voeux de prosperite a I'un des plus jeunes Musees du Nouveau Continent. Le haut patronage auquel I'lnstitut Carnegie doit le batiment que nous venons inaugurer est pour lui le gage sur d'une carriere indefiniment utile et feconde. Le nom de Carnegie lui portera doublement bonheur. II est synonyme de passion pour la haute culture intel- lectuelle et synonyme d' amour de la paix. Or les arts, qui sont les fruits de la paix, sont un des plus puissants instruments de concorde et d'harmonie a travers les hommes. L'Institut Carnegie est appele a realiser le double but que son bienfaiteur a assigne a une vie qui veut etre citee en exemple. On ne saurait trop, en effet, multiplier les asiles de I'Art et de la Science. On ne saurait trop attendre de leur role social et de I'efficacite de leur mission. Si les temoignages n'en etaient pas manifestes a tous les yeux, I'histoire de ce vieux Luxembourg en four- nirait une preu ve eclatante . II a ete, comme vous savez, 344 J3 o THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE fonde en 1750. Un modeste ecrivain d'art, La Font de Saint- Yenne, dans un opuscule intitule: "Reflexions sur quelques causes de I'etat present de la peinture en France," paru en 1747, faisait valoir les avantages qu'il y aurait pour les artistes et pour le public a pou- voir etudier les richesses des collections royales, reunies dans une Galerie qui leur fut ouverte. Jusqu'alors, il faut le dire, les artistes etaient si de- pourvus de moyens de completer leur education devant les chefs-d'oeuvre des maitres que le grand Ministre Colbert avait du inventer tout expres cette institution, devenue glorieuse, de I'Academie de France a Rome. Ceux qui avaient ete juges dignes d' encouragements pouvaient, enfin, aller achever leurs etudes dans cet incomparable Musee vivant de ITtalie. L'idee du critique, si simple qu'elle nous semble aujourd'hui, parut alors si neuve, si originale et si heu- reuse, on I'entrevoyait comme devant etre tellement feconde pour les progres des arts que chacun en re- vendiqua la paternite. II n'y eut pas jusqu'a la toute- puissante favorite, la Marquise de Pompadour, qui ne la reclamat pour son compte. Le 14 octobre 1750, le nouveau Musee fut inaugure. Les bienfaits de son enseignement ne tarderent pas a se fair sentir. Deja la celebre Galerie, dediee a Marie de Medicis, qui se deroule aujourd'hui dans toute sa mag- nificence et sa gloire sur les parois de notre auguste Maison du Louvre, avait ete I'ecole la plus suivie de nos peintres et Rubens fut toujours, grace a elle, un des principaux directeurs de I'Ecole frangaise. Jusqu'aux 345 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION heures des grandes luttes qui marquerent les premieres annees du XlXme siecle et meme dans les milieux en- tierement classiques, son influence y fit constamment contrepoids a celle des grands Italiens. A partir du jour ou les collections du Cabinet du Roi furent ouvertes au public, le Luxembourg continua plus immediatement cette mission et devint le veritable foyer d'enseignement de I'art. Longtemps recrutees d'une maniere presque exclusive parmi les maitres ita- liens, et en particulier chez les grands rhetoriciens ou les praticiens savants des ecoles de Bologne ou de Na- ples, ces collections s'etaient renouvelees et develop- pees, depuis, du cote des petits maitres flamands et hollandais qu'on avait fort dedaignes anterieure- ment. C'est devant ces peintures plus intimes, plus familieres, plus humaines, que se formerent les precur- seurs obscurs mais clairvoyants qui ont prepare revo- lution des caracteres les plus modernes de notre art contemporain. C'est devant Ruysdael, Huysmans ou Van Goyen, devant Cuyp, Potter ou Berchem, devant Ostade ou Teniers, Gerard Dow, Metsu ou Mieris, que se formerent De Marne, Moreau I'aine, Georges Michel, Drolling et Boilly, annongant les uns, avant que se fut exercee I'influence des Maitres d'OutreManche,ravene- ment du paysage romantique avec Paul Huet, les autres favorisant I'eclosion de la peinture d'interieurs avecGranet, que suivitBonvin, d' autres creant le genre ou s'illustrera Meissonier. C'est grace a ces petits maitres reunis dans la galerie du Luxembourg, que se maintient, derriere les vastes 346 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE manifestations heroiques de la tourmente revolution- naire ou de I'epopee imperiale, un petit courant etroit, mais profond, de productions modestes, intimes, plus terre a terre: scenes de moeurs, tableaux d'interieurs, sujets d'intimite, aspects de nature, peintures de fleurs ou de nature morte. Et ce flot, a travers les angoisses des grandes crises qui changerent le sort de la France et la face de I'Europe, assura la persistance d'un ideal plus humain, plus proche, destine progressivement a sup- planter I'ideal artificiel, fonde uniquement sur la mythologie ou sur I'histoire antique, qui regnait alors. Tel est le premier bienfait d'un Musee. Le romantisme, vous le savez. Messieurs, vous, les citoyens d'un pays ou les grands romantiques fran- gais sont si particulierement honores, le romantisme a ete la plus eclatante manifestation de cette rupture avec le passe immediat — de ce mouvement d' emanci- pation de la pensee qui fait de cette epoque comme une sorte de Renaissance du XlXme siecle. Le principal caractere de cette glorieuse periode f ut un eveil comme spontane de curiosite universelle, un elan libre etpassionne vers toutes les choses de la nature et de I'homme. On s'interesse avec une ardeur intense a toutes les formes et a tous les etats de I'humanite, soit dans le present, soit dans le passe, mais dans tous les passes a la fois. Dans chaque pays ce fut un retour sympathique vers les origines nationales et c'est le point de depart de la magnifique eclosion historique qui se manifesta dans I'erudition, dans les lettres, et dans les arts. 347 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Mais, dans I'art il n'y a pas que 1' inspiration qui soit appelee a etre renouvelee, il y a le mode d'expression, car Tart est I'ideal realise par la forme. Or, justement, pendant ces temps si agites, un petit Musee s'ouvrait dans la Chapelle des Augustins ou Alexandre Lenoir rescueillait pieusement, pour les sauver de la destruc- tion, les reliques sacrees de nos vieux monuments fran- gais. Et, c'est la, devant ces fragments plus ou moins respectes par I'ouragan revolutionnaire, que prirent naissance les premieres etudes attentives de notre passe national. Elles aboutirent, en art, a ce mode particulier de la peinture de "genre historique" qui va occuper une place si importante dans la production de I'Ecole fran- gaise, avant que se furent repandus les romans de Walter Scott, et jusqu'aux extremites des deux camps hostiles des romantiques ou des classiques. Plus tard, en 1830, la fondation d'un autre Musee, le Musee Historique de Versailles, contribuera, a son tour, au developpement de la grande peinture d'histoire. Mais que dire alors de I'influence qu'a exercee sur les arts notre glorieux Musee du Louvre ? Fonde en pleine Convention, il usurpait peu a pen le role primitif du Luxembourg auquel il enle vait les collections anciennes et qui se limitait desormais a consacrer les chef-d'oeuvre de I'Art vivant. II y eut, dans I'histoire du Louvre, une heure inoubliable: ce fut celle de I'arrivee de ces monceaux de chefs-d'oeuvre, conquis par les guerres, assures par les traites, qui reunirent, durant quelques annees, a Paris presque tout ce qu'il y avait de plus admirable au monde. On ne peut se figurer I'impres- 348 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE sion que produisit cet evenement sur les imaginations tumultueuses des jeunes maitres, Gericault ou Dela- croix, qui allaient lever I'etendart de la revoke contre les tutelles despotiques et surannees et jeter les bases d'un art nouveau, expressif, pathetique, emu, en con- formite avec les aspirations de la pensee moderne. Qu'ajouterais-je encore si ce n'est que le Musee, mieux que I'Ecole, est le veritable educateur ou du moins qu'il est, dans bien des cas, non seulement le complement, mais le palliatif de I'Ecole. En effet, lorsque le culte du beau n'est plus compris que dans sa litteralite scolaire, que les plus nobles et les plus sures traditions se trouvent denaturees a travers I'etroitesse des dogmes pedagogiques, ce sont les Musees qui, dresses comme des phares, indiquent la vraie voie aux esprits convaincus et clairvoyants. lis gardent le depot des grandes traditions sacrees et on doit les venerer comme des temples. Les chefs-d'oeuvre qu'ils renferment nous ouvrent tons les jours les yeux sur la grandeur et la beaute des spectacles qui nous entourent dans la realite, en nous montrant comment de nobles imaginations les ont com- pris et traduits avant nous. Leur action est meme si intense que c'est aussi bien devant les tableaux des maitres que devant la nature que se sont accomplies les revolutions les plus hardies qui ont eu pour but de penetrer et de feconder I'art par la vie et de dessiller les yeux obstrues par les prejuges. Demandez aux roman- tiques les plus fougueux, a Delacroix, par exemple, ce qu'il est alle prendre a Rubens ; demandez aux realistes 349 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION les plus farouches depuis Courbet jusqu'a Fantin- Latour tout ce qu'ils doivent aux grands hotes du Louvre. Demandez meme aux impressionistes, a Manet ce qu'il devait a Velasquez ou a Goya, a Claude Monet ce que lui dirent Constable et Turner et a ce dernier ce que lui avait appris deja Claude Lorrain? Telle est, Messieurs, vous le voyez, la mission haute- ment educatrice des Musees. Elle n'est point, d'ail- leurs, restreinte a Tinstruction professionnelle des artistes. Son role social est encore plus etendu. Les galeries du temps jadis n'avaient ete recueillies par les princes, les grands seigneurs ou les financiers que comme des fondations destinees a satisfaire leur plaisir ou a flatter leur vanite. La Revolution frangaise, en redon- nant la vie aux Musees, a justement defini leurs devoirs. Elle les a qualifies d' "etablissements d'enseignement." C'est ainsi desormais que nous les considerons, avec I'ambition d'y enseigner methodiquement I'histoire des manifestations du Beau, sur tous les modes d' expres- sion, et a travers les conceptions les plus diverses des races humaines. C'est ainsi que vous avez compris le role de cette auguste maison que nous inaugurons aujourd'hui. Elle est largement ouverte a tous, aux heureux et surtout aux humbles, qui ont droit, plus que tous les autres, vous I'avez compris, aux joies et aux consolations de I'art. Son present repond de son avenir et, a cette heure solennelle dans son histoire, je me sens fier et heureux de lui porter les voeux du vieux Luxem- bourg en saluant avec reconnaissance et avec respect le nom de son f ondateur : Andre Carnegie. [^Applause'] 350 _o "o c w o THE NEXT STEP TOWARD INTERNATIONAL PEACE BY WILLIAM T. STEAD Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: There are some of you who have been here a long time and are rather tired. I want you to go out now. Voices: No! No! Well, then, stop until I finish. \_Applause'\ I have to speak to you upon a subject of the greatest impor- tance, and I hope that what I may say may have some practical result, so I have done what I never did before in my life, I have taken the precaution to write my speech, because I have things to say which I know "for weal or for woe" will make echoes in the press of the whole world. I want to be sure that I say exactly what I ought to say, and am not led by any indiscretion to say any words that might be stronger or more profane than I ought to utter. \Laughter'\ I have just made a journey through ten countries for the purpose of finding out what is the next step toward international peace. I have seen and talked, con- fidentially, with three kings, two queens, one prince regent, one imperial chancellor, and all the prime ministers, foreign ministers, ambassadors, and public men who were worth seeing. [Applause'] I found 351 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION them all unanimous upon two points. The first was that in whatever country I found myself, the people of that country, whether they were the subjects or citizens, rulers or ministers, were quite clear that they in that country were the most devoted to peace of all the peo- ples of the world. \_Applause'\ None of them would answer for the other nine countries, but for their own. Whether it was the Kaiser, or our own King, or the President of the French Republic, the President of your own Republic, \_Applause'] they were all abso- lutely sure that the people at the head of which they stand are absolutely devoted to peace. Now, you all like that. lLaughier'\ The second point upon which they are all agreed is one upon which I wonder whether you will all be agreed. The unanimity is quite as great in the one case as in the other. They all agreed that the greatest, if not the only, danger to the peace of the world lay in the exis- tence of a large number of violent, unscrupulous, and irresponsible newspapers, which were constantly en- gaged in making mischief. The Imperial Chancellor of Germany, Prince von Biilow, said to me, "The Emperor is for peace; the King is for peace; the par- liaments are for peace ; the ministers are for peace ; only the newspapers are for war. \_AppIause~\ We diplo- matists have to spend our time in running around with pails of water to put out the fires which the newspapers kindle." Eighteen years ago, when I was at St. Petersburg, I met General von Schweinitz, the German ambassador 352 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE at the court of Russia. He said to me, "Mr. Stead, I hear you are anxious to preserve peace." "Yes," said I. "If so," said he, "I can give you a prescription which will secure the peace of the world for all time." "Oh! give it to me! quick! quick! quick!" I said, "I want the prescription." "It is very simple," he said. "You have only to hang twelve newspaper editors, and let me choose the editors. [Laughter and applause^ I would begin with the editor of the 'Cologne Gazette,' and the second man whom I would hang would be the editor of the London 'Times.' " [Laughter, in which Mr. C. F. Moberly Bell, of the London "T^imes," who was seated on the platform, joined heartily^ I do not think General von Schweinitz was in the habit of read- ing American newspapers. I hope none of the honor- able fraternity will feel themselves insulted by being left out of the first position in the category of the hang- man. [Laughter'] The other day I was in Washington, and an eminent American statesman told me that the newspapers in the New World, as in the Old, rendered the task of the government 'in maintaining peace very difficult. "Have you any remedy?" I asked. "Alas," he said, "I see no remedy, excepting the use of the electrocution chair." While I am a journalist, proud of the profes- sion to which I have devoted nearly forty years of a busy life, and yield to no man in my belief in the enor- mous usefulness of the press, and regard the freedom of the press as the palladium of national safety and na- tional progress, partly on that very account I do not 353 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION hesitate to declare that in the discussion of interna- tional affairs the liberty of the press, in many scan- dalous cases, has degenerated into license, which at this moment is the greatest danger which threatens the peace of the world. Standing here, as it were, upon the housetop of the world, and knowing that my words will be heard throughout all the continents, I proclaim the truth which all reasonable men recognize, but which none dare to declare, that the irresponsible license of the modern press is increasing and must be abated, not only in the interests of international peace, but in the interest of the press itself. [Prolonged ap- lause'\ At Washington, the other day, I was told that in Panama you have practically banished yellow and malarial fevers from the Isthmus. It used to be thought that these regions were cursed by nature and doomed to suffer from these pestilences. It always had been so, and it was considered a mere fantasy of enthu- siasm to imagine that it ever could be otherwise. You Americans have discovered that yellow fever can be banished if you only extirpate the malaria-bearing mosquito. Therein I saw, as in a parable, the way to secure peace. There is in my own country — I will not venture to say in yours — a plague, not of the yellow fever, but of the yellow press ! [^Applause'] Thanks to its activity, the nations are continually in danger of war. What mankind has now to do is to extirpate these malaria-bearing mosquitoes of sensational jour- nalism, [Applause'] Being a merciful man, I do not 354 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE recommend either the gallows or the electrocution chair, but it ought not to be beyond the resources of civil- ization for laws to be passed which would consign to a convict prison every journalist who could be convicted by twelve jurors, good men and true, of having pub- lished false or misleading statements, in scare heads, or in the body of his paper, which were calculated to in- flame national animosity against a neighboring peace- ful nation so as to endanger the maintenance of peace. \^Applause'\ If this law could be passed it would help to restore the somewhat degraded dignity of the press, it would be of great benefit to the respectable papers, and it would enormously facilitate the tasks of govern- ments anxious to maintain peace. It is written, "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God," but I say unto you : "Cursed are the mischief-makers, for they are verily and truly the children of the devil." [Applausel Your experience in Panama suggests another great lesson. The great obstacle to the safe working of that great trans-oceanic waterway, is the fact that the river Chagres is subject to great floods, which, unless they can be dammed back, will certainly wreck the canal. Na- tions, especially nations which are cursed with a jingo press, are subject to torrential floods of passion, which from time to time sweep away all the efforts of their governments to maintain peace. The danger is uni- versally recognized, and no one attempts any serious, earnest effort to find a remedy. The last Hague Con- ference recognized the peril, and upon the motion of 355 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Mr. Holls, an American citizen, it requested and ear- nestly recommended that hostilities should never be entered upon, until opportunity had been afforded for special mediators chosen by the disputants themselves, to ascertain whether or not a peaceful settlement could be arranged. It further recommended that a period of grace, not exceeding thirty days, should be allowed for such special mediators to try and make peace. If this recommendation had been acted upon, we should have escaped both the war in South Africa and the Russian- Japanese war. What the coming Hague Conference should do is to transform that recommendation into an imperative international law. [^Applause^ There is, of course, no absolute remedy, but in nine cases out of ten it could be enforced by enacting that if any state goes to war without allowing this period of grace for special mediation, it should be declared an outlaw and placed under an international ban, as an enemy of the human race, [^Applausel to whom it shall not be lawful for the citizens or subjects of any other state to lend money for the prosecution of the war, [^Applause'\ and all whose imports shall be declared ipso facto contra- band of war. "The power of the press" is often mis- quoted as the "power of the sword," and if only Amer- ica, Great Britain, and France were to agree to enforce this interdict (as they are the three money-lending powers of the world) , the nightmare dread of sudden outbreak of war without an opportunity being afforded for reflection, mediation, or inquiry, would be banished from the world. 356 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE There is an admirable bureau at Washington estab- lished for the facilitation of friendly and fraternal re- lations between the United States and the South Amer- ican republics. There ought to be such an interna- tional bureau of hospitality in every capital in the world, charged with similar duties in relation to all foreigners. The coming Hague Conference ought to recommend an appropriation for peace by every coun- try there represented, to be spent in aiding and abet- ting and in promoting international friendship, and in developing a system of international hospitality. The sum needed would not be large. If, for every ten dol- lars voted every year for our armies and our navies, one little red cent were voted for peace, it would be quite sufficient. [^Applause'] Surely that is not an extrav- agant demand. Another step which ought to be taken at The Hague Conference is to make arbitration obligatory upon all nations on all questions which do not involve national honor or vital national interests. Yet another one is to create and maintain at The Hague a small Per- manent Board of Peacemakers, say of three members, whose duty it would be to take prompt measures to bring into operation the peacemaking machinery laid down by The Hague Conference. These measures are all simple, practical, logical, and necessary. But will they be adopted? I will reply: It depends solely upon you citizens of America. If you are apathetic and do nothing. The Hague Conference will do little to achieve these great progressive ad- 357 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION vances toward international peace; but if you arouse yourselves to a true sense of the magnitude of this opportunity, you may achieve all these reforms with more to follow. A great obligation lies upon you to make the coming Hague Conference successful. The Conference was originally proposed by Mr. Bartholdt, a member of the American Congress, the head of the American group of the American Interparliamentary Union, at the suggestion of that Union's meeting on American soil. The assembly or conference was ori- ginally proposed by the President of the United States. The most important proposal likely to come before them is to make obligatory Article Eight, Mr. Holls', or the American article, in the convention of 1899. The most important proposal, that of the peace appropria- tion to enable the government to promote good feeling among nations, and to abate defects of war, also ori- ginated in the American brain. The Americans are the one great international nation of the world. [^Applause'] The Constitution of the United States of America is based upon those principles of liberty and law upon which will yet be reared the Consti- tution of the United States of the World. \^Ap- plause'] You are rich, energetic, enthusiastic, and most practical withal. It is at once your duty and your privilege to take the lead of this human race in this great and critical movement. Are you prepared to do it? You ask me in reply, "How can we do it?" My answer is clear, definite, and practical. Our Secretary of State for War said to me before I was starting on my 358 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE journey, "Remember that you are far more likely to achieve good results by making your appeal to the peo- ples rather than appealing to the governments. The governments will do what the people tell them. If the people are apathetic, the governments, who are all overdriven, weighed down with many burdens, will do as little as they can. You will effect nothing of im- portance by sending a deputation of one or two or three notables to make representations to the Kaiser, or to the Czar, or to the King, or to the President of the Re- public, unless there is at the back of such deputation the manifested determination of the millions to have something done and done now. Any proposition to be practicable must be in the first instance an appeal to the masses of the toilers of the world. Arouse them and the rest is easy." Therefore, I propose that the coming Peace Conference at New York pick out, let us say, twelve representative men and women from among the first citizens of the Republic, persons who are not in government service, but who are of international reputation, and ask them to form the nucleus of a great international pilgrimage, with the object of arousing the nations of the Old World to appeal with you to their own governments to give to their delegates at The Hague imperative instructions to carry out some strong, practical program, such as I have just outlined. If this recommendation is adopted, these twelve pilgrims from the New World to the Old would have to be willing to devote a month, say from May 15th to June 15th, when The Hague Conference will meet, to a tour around 359 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Europe. They will be joined when they come to Lon- don by twelve British pilgrims of similar rank and standing, and twelve pilgrims from Scandinavia, four from Sweden, four from Denmark, and four from Norway. After they had made their appeal to the people of Great Britain and addressed themselves to his Majesty, the King, whose zeal for peace is equal to that of any one in this assemblage or anywhere else, \^Applause^ and after they had waited upon the min- isters of the Crown, whose great ambition it is to use this Hague Conference for the purpose of creating a great league of peace-loving nations, anxious and ear- nest to secure for the peoples of the world some relief from the heavy burden which weighs upon them so much at the present time, they would pass over to France, and at Paris they would be received by the President of the Republic and the ministers. The French people, ever prompt to recognize the lofty ideas of the American people, as attested in those times long ago when they were with you in war, so they will now be with you in peace. [Applause'] From Paris, the pilgrimage, with twelve distinguished Frenchmen added thereto, will travel southward toward Italy. At Geneva they would pick up four Swiss, and en route to some place they would take the representatives of Spain and Portugal — Spain, your recent foe, but now your firm, prompt, and gallant ally. [Applause] Last, they would reach the Eternal City. There, I can assure you, they would receive from every one, from the king upon the throne to the poorest in the street, the warm- 360 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE est and the most enthusiastic welcome. I speak of what I know, for I have discussed this question with the King of Italy. Nowhere on the continent of Europe do I find a monarch so passionate for peace, so earnest to do everything to give effect to the public opinion of the world in the reduction of armaments and securing of lasting peace. [^Applause'] From Rome, they would turn northward, passing through Venice, reaching Vienna, adding six Austrians there. Then on to Budapest to pick up six Hungarians. Then on to St. Petersburg, where they would be received by the monarch to whose generous initiative we owe the first Hague Conference, and to the representative of the Russian people in the second Duma, which would prob- ably then be in session, and from whom we should receive a welcome — the first international welcome, the first international greeting from the public of the world to the representative assembly of the Russian nation. [Applause'\ With twelve added Russian pil- grims we would come back, now one hundred strong, to the capital of the German Empire, and there you would find a monarch, who has been so worthily represented by the general who has addressed you from this plat- form to-day, a monarch who has reigned for eighteen years over Germany, at the head of the strongest army in the world, and who has never made a war. \^Ap- plause"] In these eighteen years Britain has made war in South Africa, you have made war with Spain, Russia has made war with Japan, France has made war in Madagascar, Italy has made war on Abyssinia, Ger- 361 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION many has made no war. [Great applause^ And I was told by those who knew in Berlin that the proudest am- bition, the greatest ambition of the Kaiser is that when he should go down to the grave and be gathered to his fathers, history might record of him that here lies an emperor whose reign was never stained by a single war, [Great applause'] If this pilgrimage is to be a distinctly American realization of a distinctively American idea, it must be distinctively democratic all through, and especially democratic in its finance. [Applause] Mr. Carnegie is a marvelous man. If I may say it in Pittsburgh without blasphemy, he is not exactly God Almighty. [Laughter and applause] But even if he were, he would probably act upon the adage that God helps those who help themselves. [Great applause] From those among you to whom much has been given, much naturally is expected. If America has received more than any other nation in the world in liberty, in order, in prosperity, from you, therefore, much will be ex- pected. Now is your opportunity. Remember the solemn warning of your American poet : If, before his duty, man with reckless spirit stands, Ere long the great Avenger takes the work from out his hands. [Great applause] [Mr. Stead being forced to respond to the volume of applause, reappeared at the front of the stage and said] : 362 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE My friends, what are you clapping for? Do you think that every one of you who is clapping would give fifty cents for that pilgrimage ? [ Great applause~\ [The response to the question was a rain of fifty- cent pieces upon the floor of the rostrum.] 363 THE DUNFERMLINE TRUST BY WILLIAM ROBERTSON My friends, Provost Macbeth and Dr. Ross, have told you something of the old gray city from which we come, of its long and interesting history, and of its ancient and close relations with this great and prosperous city in which we are met. There is much in its history not mentioned by them that would repay your study, and which would perhaps induce you to pay it a visit and so afford us an oppor- tunity of offering to you a real Scottish welcome, and in an humble way reciprocating the magnificent hos- pitality which has been so lavishly extended to us. May I now in a few words endeavor to give you some idea of the aims and efforts of the sister trust founded in his native city by Mr. Carnegie? It is, of course, al- ways a great privilege to be born in such a city as Dun- fermline, and Provost Macbeth and myself (both of us Dunfermline bairns) appreciate the ambition and ex- cellent judgment of our friend, Dr. Ross, who, denied this privilege, sought to share it by coming when he was yet young and settling among us. As you may readily guess, he quickly made a place for himself in the community of which he is admittedly to-day its foremost member. The Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, instituted in the 364 o o THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE year 1903, has set itself seriously to secure for the peo- ple of Dunfermline the many good things which in his broad-minded sympathy Mr. Carnegie has designed for them, and which by his unbounded generosity he has made possible for them to enjoy. In his deed of gift, Mr. Carnegie expressly points to the children as being those to whose interest the Trust should especially direct its efforts. Following this lead the Trust has, with the whole-hearted cooperation of the School Board, gone to all the schools, and has through its two medical officers, Dr. Ash and Dr. Isabel Cameron, with the consent of the parents, examined the physical condition of each child. Where, through deformity or deficient physique, a child is likely to be handicapped in life's battle, special remedial exercises are being given with the most gratifying results. Un- der a highly qualified staff all the school children are trained in physical culture. These classes are taught in a gymnasium, perhaps the finest in Great Britain, which, with the equally magnificent swimming and other baths under the same roof, is one of Mr. Car- negie's latest and greatest gifts to us. The children are also being taught to swim, special encouragement being given to the classes for the teach- ing of life-saving. I venture to predict that one of the distinguishing features of the Dunfermline Trust's mark will be on the part of its children, not only an ability, but also in case of need, a readiness to render speedy and efficient help to any one in danger of death by drowning. 365 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION Recently, a well furnished library has been provided for each school, greatly to the benefit and pleasure of the scholars. Dunfermline has always been noted as a musical center, and with a desire to discover and develop native talent the Trustees have appointed a director of music, Mr. Stephen, who, helped by his able assistant, Mr. Kerr, is doing excellent work; so that even after only two years most striking and satisfactory results are being shown. The red-letter day of the year with Dunfermline children is undoubtedly the Margaret Carnegie Day in June, when practically every child in the city able to walk goes in procession to Pittencrieff Glen and holds high holiday. In their assembled thousands they never forget to send a loving greeting to a certain little lady who, although born in this distant land, has been taught to know and led to love them and their home. For those of older years opportunities are provided of improving their musical and artistic gifts. The music committee of the Trust arranges for open- air music almost daily in the Glen during the summer, and in the winter months brings to instruct and enter- tain us the most eminent lecturers and musicians. Mrs. Carnegie, a lady admired and loved by all who know her, has long taken a great interest in stimulating the people's love of flowers, and, taking up her work, the horticulture committee of the Trust has already done splendid service by encouraging a healthy rivalry among the working classes as to who can show the 366 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE brightest and best-kept cottage garden. We may al- ready claim that in Dunfermline we have flower shows equal to any in the kingdom. But perhaps the Com- mittee's most promising work is being done among the school children to whom many thousands of bulbs (hyacinths, tulips and lilies) are supplied at a cheap price, and no flower show evokes more interest or pro- vokes keener competition than that held in the spring, when prizes are awarded to the most successful of these young lovers of flowers. From a social point of view, perhaps the most inter- esting of the Trust's schemes is that of district reading and recreation rooms. Included in the burgh of Dun- fermline, although situated about one and a half miles distant, is the village of Townhill. It is essentially a mining village, all the male residents being employed in the adjacent coal-mines. It has a population of some 2500 souls. In this detached part of the burgh the first of these district institutions has been erected. Opened only a year ago it has already become the liv- ing heart, the inspiring soul of the village life. In the words of the schoolmaster, the men of the village are already carrying themselves better. If proof were needed of this institution's efficiency as a counter-at- traction to the public house, I may mention that only a few days before I sailed, the village policeman in- formed me that he had had only one case since the New Year, and that the offender was a stranger. Behind the library building is a playing ground for young children, and alongside of it a bowling-green, 367 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION made, and, with the assistance of the Trust, managed by the men of the village. On a summer evening no more pleasing sight can be met with than that of the wives and mothers, all with their everlasting knitting, seated watching on the one side their husbands and on the other side their chil- dren at play. In the building spray and slipper baths have been provided, a luxury greatly appreciated by the village folk, and which they enjoy at the cost of one penny — two cents. The library has already eight hundred readers on its list, and issues about two thousand books a month. The success of this first district institution has been so com- plete that the Trustees have secured ground, and have selected plans for one of a similar kind to be erected in the northwest division of the city where already a bowling-green has been laid out and will be thrown open for play in the course of a few weeks. In addition to these we hope to provide playing fields and probably also skating ponds as suitable spaces become available. Of all Mr. Carnegie's great gifts to his native city, none has given the people more true enjoyment and pure delight than the romantic glen and lovely park of Pittencrieff. Touching as it does the very center of our old town, two of whose ex- tended arms embrace it on the north and west, it is the constant resort of old and young. Without in any way interfering with its natural beauties the Trustees are spending much thought and work and money in laying out walks and otherwise 368 THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE opening up its many charms and improving its amen- ities. In the very heart of this Glen stands all that is left of Malcolm Canmore's Tower on its rocky founda- tion, protected and encircled by the crooked stream, a conjunction which gives our old city at once its name Dunfermline, "The tower on the hill by the crooked stream," and "Esto Rupes inaccessa." "Be thou an inaccessible rock." From this hurried sketch of the operations of the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust it will be seen that the Trustees are striving after the same end and very much along the same lines as your larger Carnegie Trust here. And this is only to be expected seeing both bodies owe their being to and derive their ideals from the same inspiring and generous source. \^Applause\ TEA FOR THE LADIES At the conclusion of the speaking in the Hall of Music, the ladies of the party were taken to the new building of the Margaret Morrison Carnegie School for Women, where tea was served in the midst of a beautiful deco- ration of flowers and plants, with the sweet harmony of music abiding through it all. Mrs. Arthur A. Hamer- schlag was hostess, assisted by the wives of the mem- bers of the Faculty of the Carnegie Technical Schools. 369 FRIDAY NIGHT THE BANQUET ^N Friday evening, a banquet given at the Hotel Schenley by the members of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Insti- tute in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, was attended by all the guests who had come to Pittsburgh in connection with the dedication ceremonies. The Schenley banquet-hall was decorated with the flags of all nations, and when the guests had taken their places at the table the scene was one of impressive beauty. The spirit of the evening was that of the most cordial good humor, and the banquet, with its menu and its speeches, was greatly enjoyed by all. MR. S. H. CHURCH Ladies and Gentlemen: Before the speaking begins, the Founder's Day Com- mittee have requested me to make an announcement 371 MEMORIAL OF THE DEDICATION changing the official program. On account of the very inclement and cold weather, we have thought it best to omit the boat-ride for to-morrow afternoon. There- fore, with your kind permission, the official exercises will close in the Music Hall to-morrow morning after the conferring of the honorary degrees, and there will be no boat-ride. [Applause by Mr. Carnegie. Audible dissent from some others.'] I thank you for these groans. [Laughter] Before handing the meeting over to Mr. Frew and the Toastmaster, Mr. Carnegie has requested me to read this telegram, and I take this opportunity of reading it. Lakewood, New Jersey Andrew Carnegie, Pittsburgh Please accept my hearty congratulations on your great and good speech on the dedication of Carnegie Institute in your home city of Pittsburgh. It has the right ring. I am with you. You have my best wishes for the success of all your grand efforts to help your fellow-men. I hope and trust that our prosperous men the country over will be stimulated to emulate your noble example. I believe that untold good would re- sult therefrom. John D. Rockefeller [Applause] And this reply has been taken from the wire : 372 93, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179, 180, 183, 196, 201, 204, 210, 217, 228, 232, 233, 238, 245, 246, 248, 253, 257, 267, 268, 291, 292, 293, 299, 300, 309, 343, 344, 362, 364, 365, 368, 371, 372, 373^375' 377' 378' 386, 387, 388, 392, 393' 394, 396, 397, 399, 400, 401, 403, 406, 408, 409, 410, 41 1 Carnegie, Mrs. Andrew, 28, 30, 31, 36, 45, 54, S5, 292, 293, 366,371,374,386 Carnegie Art Galleries, found- ing of, 4; international ex- hibitions in, 60; jury system, 61; gifts to, 66; painting awards, 96 Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, 293' 364 Carnegie Hall of Music, 56, 58 Carnegie Hero Fund, 68 Carnegie Institute, inception of the idea, 3, ^^; gifts to, 66; organization and endowment of, 6 ; description of, 7, 89-96 : painting awards by, 96 Carnegie Institution of Wash- ington, 121 Carnegie Library, inauguration of, 3 ; gifts to, 66 ; statistics of circulation, 90, 91; branches, 56, 91 Carnegie Museum, founding of, 4 ; gifts to, 66 ; description of, 61,93 Carnegie Pension Fund, 68 Carnegie Relief Fund, 378 Carnegie, Thomas, 299 Carnegie, T. Morris, 10 Carnegie Technical Schools, founding of, 6; organization of, 61, 94; scholarships in, 66 Carnegie University Trust, 293 Case School of Applied Science, 122 Ceska Universita, Prague, Bohemia, 216 Chapin, JohnH., 10 Chaplin, W. S., 199 Charlottenburg, 70 Chase, William M., 449 Chester, Rear-Admiral Colby M., 10, 40, 184 Chicago, University of, 185 Chile, guests invited from, 16 China, guests invited from, 16 455 INDEX Christiania, University of, 260 Church, S. H., v, 42, 46, 52, 63' 279, 371, 406, 408, 410, 41 1, 448; address by, 89 Church, Mrs. S. H., 46 Cincinnati Museum Associa- tion, 123 Cincinnati, University of, 186 Clapp, George H., v, 43 Clark University, 124 Clarke, Sir Caspar Purdon, 10, 40 Clemson Agricultural College, 125 Cohen, Josiah, v, 43 College of the City of New York, 126 Colombia, guests invited from, 16 Colorado College, 127 Colorado School of Mines, 128 Columbia University, 1 29 Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 130 "Connection between Science and Engineering," 303 Corea, Don L. F., 24, 39 Cornell, Ezra, 64 Cornell University, 131 Costa Rica, guests invited from, 16 Cottet, Charles, 450 Cox, Kenyon, 449 Craighead, Edwin B., 10, 41, 179 Cranston, Sir Robert, 19, 39, 417 ; address by, 394 Cranston, Lady, 45 Crawford, William H., 10, 41, 106 Cuba, guests invited from, 16 Curie, Mme., 261 Dabney, C. G., 186 Dalhousie University, 217 Danilevsky, Dr., 262 Darwin, Charles, 241 Dauge, E., 245 Davis, William M., 10, 40 Day, James R., 174 deForest, Robert W., 150 Degrees, Conferring of honor- ary, 405-423 "Democratic en Amerique," 388 Dempster, Alexander, 205, 406 Denmark, guests invited from, 16 Denny, George H., 10, 41, 202 Department of the Interior, 102 d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron, 17, 39, 46, 416; ad- dress by, 78 Detaille, J. B. E., 60 Dethier, Gaston M., 46 Detroit Museum of Art, 132 "Development of Architectural Style in Germany," 315 Dickerson, J. S., 10 Dickinson College, 133 Dickhuth, Colonel, 18, 39, 421 Dickhuth, Miss, 46 Dijon, France, Academic de, 213 Diplodocus, 406, 409 d'Oldenburg, Serge, 212 Dominican Republic, guests in- vited from, 1 7 Donaldson, James, 254 Doumer, Paul, 17, 39, 46, 398, 409, 410, 416, 417; address by, 77 ; gifts from, 407, 445 Drake University, 134 Drinker, Henry S., 10, 40, 146 Dunfermline, 5, 380, 381, 383; address from, 293 456 INDEX "Dunfermline's Son," 290 "Dunfermline Trust," 364 Duquesne, Fort, 298, 380 Duvall, General W. P., 10, 392 Eads, James B., 312 Eakins, Thomas, 96 East, Alfred, 450 Ecuador, guests invited from, 17 'Four-in-hand through Britain," 388 Fox, William Henry, 1 1, 42 France, guests invited from, 17; American obligations to, 35 France, Institut de, 220 Franklin, Benjamin, 297 Franks, Robert A., 11, ^^ Frederick the Great, 34, 337, ^ , 39I' 392 Edinburgh, University of, 244 Frederick William III, King, Edward VII, King, 84, 296, 339 352, 359. 360, 395, 409 Elgar, Sir Edward, 20, 29, 39, 99' 417 Elgin, Lord, 293 Emmert, David, 10, 41 "Empire of Business," 388 Endowments, 6, 90 Engler, Edwin A., 10, 40, 210 Enlart, Camille, 17, 39, 423, 45 1 ; address by, 279 Enlart, Mme., 45 Erlangen, University of, 261 Evans, Thomas C, 11, 41 Fallieres, President, 218, 352, 359, 360 Faunce, W. H. L., 118 Fay, C. Norman, 1 1 Field, Dr. H. H., 272 Fine Arts, Department of, 4; description of, 91 Finley, John H., 11, 40, 126 Fleuret, Edwin, 97 Forbes, Colonel John, 298, 299, 301, 380 Forrest, John, 217 Founder's Day celebrations, 8, 95 Free Library of Philadelphia, 135 French Republic, President of, 218 'French Sculpture of the Mid- dle Ages," 279 French, W. M. R., 11, 42, 115, 450 Frew, William N., v, 28, 31, 38, 46, 54, 55, 63, 96, 211, 372, 373> 375, 406, 448 Frew, Mrs. William N., 28, 45 Friday Afternoon, exercises on, 267 Friday Luncheon, 265 Friday Morning, exercises on, 101 Friday Night, Banquet, 37 1 Frissell, H. B., 1 1 Fulton, Robert, 312 Galbraith, Dr. John, 16, 41 Galileo, 89, 304 Gambetta, Leon, 82 Geneve, Universite de, 235 Geological Society of America^ 136 George-August-Universitat, Gottingen, 219 457 INDEX George Washington Univer- sity, 137 "German Military Constitu- tion," 335 Germany, guests invited from, 18; her contributions to our citizenship, 34 Gest, J. H., 11, 42, 123 Ghent, University of, 245 Gifts received: from F. S. Ar- chenhold, 445; from Paul Doumer, 445; from the Ger- man Emperor, 425-444; from Ernst von Ihne, 445 Gilder, Richard Watson, 11, 40 Gilman, B. I., 11, 42, 154 Gladstone, William E., 82 Glasgow, University of, 246 Goetze, Frederick A., 11, 41 Gonzalez, Joaquin V., 263 Gordon, Daniel M., 228 ''Gospel of Wealth," 388 Gottingen, George-August- Universitat, 219 Granville-Smith, W., 96 Great Britain, guests invited from, 19-21; American ob- ligations to, 35 Greece, guests invited from, 2 1 Greene, Jerome D., 139 Greiffenhagen, Maurice, 96 Grey, Earl, Governor-General of Canada, 259 Griffith, A. H., 11, 42, 132 Grove City College, 138 Guatemala, guests invited from, 22 Guests, list of, 9-27; program for, 28; procession of, 37-43 Gunsaulus, F. W., 115, 450 Giinther, Dr. Albert, 269 Guthrie, Hon. George W., offi- cial welcome, 31, 36; address by, 32; references to, v, 28, 39, 392, 398 Guthrie, Mrs. George W., 28, 31.36,45 Habana, Universidad de la, 233 Hadley, Arthur T., 11, 40 Hague Conference, 70, 80, 81, 83, 356, 357, 358, 359 Haiti, guests invited from, 22 Halket, 297, 382 Halket, Sir, 297, 382 Hall, G. Stanley, 11, 40, 124 Halle, Saxony, University of, 247 Hamerschlag, Arthur A., v, 37, 61 Hamerschlag, Mrs. Arthur A., 369 Hamilton, Samuel, 108 Harlan, Richard D., 11, 41 Harlow, Albert B., 9, 42 Harris, A. W., 160 Harrison, Alexander, 449 Harrison, Benjamin, 57 Harrison, C. C, 191 Harvard, John, 64 Harvard University, 139 Harvey, William, 241 Hassam, Childe, 450 Haverford College, 140 Hay, John, 83 Hays, I. Minis, 11, 41 Heinroth, Charles, 38, 46, 92, 97 Helsingfors, University of, 262 Henderson, Miss Helen W., 1 1 Henry, Prof. Joseph, 270 458 INDEX Herron, John, Art Institute, 141 Hey wood, John G., 1 1, 42 Hitchcock, Edward, 112 Hjelt, Dr., 262 Hlava, J., 216 Hochschule, Bern, Switzer- land, 215 Hoeber, Arthur, 1 1 Holden, L. E., 11, 196 Holland, Dr. W. J., v, 38, 59, 409, 415 Holls, G. F. W., 83, 356, 358 Holmes, Joseph A., 11,41 Hooper, Franklin W., 11, 42 Hopkins, Anderson H., v, 38, Hopkins, Henry, 207 Hornaday, W. T., 11, 42, 159 Hombostel, Henry, 1 1 Home, Durbin, v, 43 Houdon, J. A., 287 Hovey, E. O., 136 Howard, L. O., 109 Howe, Charles S., 11, 40, 122 Hudson, James F., v, 43 Humphreys, A. C, 173 Hunicke, H. A., 104 Hyde, William D., 116 Ihne, Ernst von, 18, 39, 418; address by, 315 Ihne, Mme. von, 45 Imperial Military Academy of Medicine, St. Petersburg, 262 India, guests invited from, 22 Institut de France, 220 International Arbitration and Peace Conference, 268, 359 International Exchanges, 171 "International Cooperation in Zoology," 267 International Founder's Day, 95 Invocation, 49 Italy, guests invited from, 22 Jackson, John B., v, 43 Jacobi, H., 229 James, E. J., 11, 40 Jamison, S. C, v, 43 Japan, guests invited from, 23 Jesse, R. H., 189 Jesup, Morris K., 111 Johns Hopkins University, 142 Jones, Paul, 287 Jordan, David Starr, 147 Joseph in Egypt, 93 Joubert, Don E. C, 17, 39 Judson, H. P., 185 Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, 221 Karnebeek, Jonkheer A. P. C. Van, 263 Kates, Charles S., 12 Kelly, William, 151 Ketler, I. C, 12, 41, 138 King, Alexander, 12 King, Henry C, 12, 40, 161 Kingston, Ontario, Queen's University, 228 Kirkland, J. H., 197 Klason, Peter, 222 Knaufft, Ernest, 450 Kobert, R., 234 Koch, Theodore W., 12 Koser, Dr. Reinhold, 19, 39, 418 Krehbeil, Henry E., 12, 42 Kurtz, Charles M., 12, 42, 120 459 INDEX Lafayette College, 143 Lafayette, General Marquis de, 82 Lambing, Rev. A. A., v, 43 Lameere, A., 236 Lang, Dr., 221 Lang, John Marshall, 239 Lankester, Prof. Ray, 274 La Plata, National Univer- sity of, 263 Laronze, Dr., 251 La Touche, Gaston, 96 Lauder, George, 299 Lawrence University, 144 Leboucq, H., 245 Lefavour, Henry, 12, 41, 170 Lehigh University, 145 Letter of thanks to German Emperor, 447 Lewis Institute of Chicago, 148 Lick Observatory, 149 Lindsay, Henry D., 41 Linhart, S. B., 205 Loewenfeld, General von, 18, 39, 69, 410, 411, 418; ad- dress by, 335 ; address at ban- quet, 391 Lucas, F. A., 12, 42, 117 Luncheon, 265 Luther, Flavel S., 12, 40, 178 Luther, Martin, 46 "Maarten Maartens," see Poorten-Schwartz Mabie, Hamilton W., 12, 42 MacAlister, Donald, 246 Macbeth, George A., v, 43, 63 Macbeth, J. C, 20, 39, 296, 297, 364, 382; address by, 290 MacCracken, Henry M., 12, 40, 158 Macfarlane, James R., v, 43 Magee, Christopher L., 57 Mancini, E. 231 Manion, P. A., v, 43 Margaret Morrison Carnegie School for Women, 369 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 149 McClelland, Thomas, 12, 41 McClure, S. S., 12, 42 McConway, William, v, 43, 63 McCormick, Robert S., 259 McCormick, S. B., 12, 40, 415; address by, 412 McCurdy, George G., 12, 41 McGee, WJ, 12 McGill University, 226 McMichael, C. F., 191 McNair, F. W., 12, 151 "Me and Andra," 384 Mees, C. L., 169 Meissonier, J. L. E., 60 Melchers, Gari, 12 Mell, P. H., 125 Mellon, A. W., v, 43 Mellor, C. C, v, 42, 63 Meredith, W. R., 255 Merriman, Daniel, 12, 42, 209 Merton, Mr., 76 Metcalf, William, Jr., v, 43, 63 Metropolitan Museum of Art, 150 Mewissen, Mr. von, 76 Mexico, guests invited from, 23 Meyer, Annie Nathan, 12 Michelangelo, 89 Michigan College of Mines, 151 Michigan, University of, 187 Minnesota Academy of Science, 152 460 INDEX Minnesota, University of, 188 "Mission of an Art Museum," 344 Missouri, University of, 189 Mitchell, Dr. P. C, 20, 39, 257, 419; address by, 267 Mitchell, Mrs., 45 Moechel, J. R., 175 Mealier, Theodor von, 18, 39, 46, 69, 408, 409, 419; ad- dress by, 72 Moffat, James D., 12, 41, 200 Moncheur, Baron, 15, 39 Montgomery, Thomas L., 12, 42 Montpellier, France, Acade- mie de, 214 Montreal, McGill University, 226 Moore, J. Percy, 103 Morris, Harrison S., 12 Morse, E. S., 162 Mount Holyoke College, 153 Murray, W. C, 217 Napoleon, 338 National Zoological Park, 171 Nebraska, University of, 190 Needham, Charles W., 12, 40, 137 Netherlands, guests invited from, 24; her influence on his- tory, Si' Newspapers, obligations to, 68 Newton, Sir Isaac, 241, 304 New York Botanical Garden, 155 New York Trade School, 156 New York University, 158 New York Zoological Park, 1 59 "Next Step toward Interna- tional Peace," 351 Nicaragua, guest invited from, 24 Nicholas II, Emperor of Rus- sia, 359 Northrop, Cyrus, 189 Northwestern University, 160 Norway, guests invited from, 24 Oberlin College, i6i O'Brien, M. E., v, 43 Olds, George D., 112 Oliver, George T., v, 43 Orchestra, Pittsburgh, 58, 92, 99 "Organization of Peace," 78 Oxford, University of, 248 Padua, University of, 250 Palmer, George C, 1 2, 42 Panama, guests invited from, 24 Paraguay, guests invited from, 25 Paris, Universite de, 225 Parker, Lawton S., 97 Paur, Emil, 29, 38, 58, 92 Peabody, F. G., 339 Peabody, G. A., 162 Peabody Museum, 162 Pendleton, Ellen J., 202 Pennsylvania, University of, 191 Pennsylvania, Western Uni- versity of, 204; conferring of degrees by, 405-423 Peoples Institute, New York, 163 Persia, guests invited from, 25 Peru, guests invited from, 25 Peterson, William, 16, 40, 227 461 INDEX Philadelphia, Free Library of, 135 Pichon, S., 218 Pitcairn, Robert, v, 42, 406 Pitt, William, 298 Pittsburgh, founding of, 298 Planches, Baron des, 22, 39] address by, 387 Plantz, Samuel, 12, 40, 144 Polacco, v., 250 Poland, guests invited from, 25 Polytechnic Institute, Brook- lyn, 164 Poorten-Schwartz, J. M. W. Van der, 24, 39, 422 ; address by, 397 Poorten-Schwartz, Miss, 45 "Popular Significance of the Carnegie Institute," 72 Porrit, Edward, 13 Porter, H. K., v, 43 Porterfield, John, 65 Portugal, guests invited from, Prague University, 216 Pratt, Frederick B., 13, 41, 165 Pratt Institute, 165 Prayer, 49 Preece, Sir W. H., 20, 39, 419; address by, 303 President of the United States, letter from, 52 Preyer, David C, 13 Pritchett, Henry S., 13, 40, 149 Prize Paintings, list of, 96 Procession, 37-43 Program of the Celebration, 28 Purdue University, 166 Purinton, D. B., 206 Queen's University, 228 Ouesada, Don G. de, 16, 39 Radcliffe College, 167 Raffaeli, Jean Francois, 449 Rais, Jules, 18, 39 Raymond, A. V. V., 181 Reale Accademia dei Lincei, 231, 264 Redfield, Edward W., 13 Reed, George Edward, 13, 41, 133 Reed, James H. v, 42, 63, 374, 387, 39O' 394' 397> 401, 403 Reed, Mrs. James H., 46 "Relationship of Pittsburgh and Dunfermline," 296 Remsen, Ira, 13, 40, 142 Rennes, France, University of, Rensselaer Polytechnic Insti- tute, 168 "Review of the Work," 89 Rheinische Friedrich-Wil- helms-Universitat, 229 Rhind, J. Massey, 89 Rhodes, Cecil, 309 Rhys, Dr. John, 21, 39, 46, 47, 249, 420 Rhys, Miss, 46 Ricketts, Palmer C, 168 Robert, C, 247 Roberts, Dr. E. S., 21, 39, 46, 420 ] prayer by, 49; remarks on presentation of address from Cambridge University, 240 Roljerts, Mrs., 46 Robertson, William, 21, 39, 296, 300; address by, 364 Robinson, Edward, 41 Roche, Alexander, 450 Rockefeller, John D., 185, 309; telegram to Mr. Carnegie, 372 462 INDEX Roma, Reale Accademia dei Lincei, 231, 264 Rontgen, Wilhelm K., 264, 304 Roosevelt, President Theodore, letter from, 52; references to, 69, 82, 83, 352, 358, 393 Rose Polytechnic Institute, 169 Rosengarten, Joseph G., 13, 42, 135 Ross, Dr. John, 21, 39, 293, 364, 420 ; address by, 296 Rostock, Universitat, 234 Roumania, guests invited from, Russia, guests invited from, 26 Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 289 St. Andrews, University of, 252 St.-Petersbourg, Russia, Acade- mie Imperiale des Sciences, 212; Imperial Military Acad- emy of Medicine, 262 Saturday Morning, exercises on, 405 Scaife, W. L., v, 43 Schaeffer, Nathan C, 13, 41 Schaper, Dr. Fritz, 19, 39, 421 Schaper, Mme., 45 Scharnhorst, General G. L. D. von, 339, 340, 341 Schmidlapp, J. G., 13, 40 Schurman, Jacob G., 13, 40, 131 Schwab, C. M., 13 Schwab, J. C, 130 Schweinitz, General H. L. von, 352, 353 Scotland, gifts received from Mr. Carnegie, 396 Scott, H. L., 182 "Scottish Guests to Andrew Carnegie," 401 Scovel, S. F., 13, 42 Servia, guests invited from, 26 Seven Wonders of the Old World, 305 Shafer, John D., v, 43 Shakspere, William, 63, 89 Sharpless, Isaac, 140 Sheldon, Samuel, 13, 41, 110 Shrigley, John M., 208 Shroder, Dr., 219 Siam, guests invited from, 26 Simmons College, 170 Slocum, W. F., 13, 127 Smith, Charles Sprague, 13, 42, 163 Smith, Charles Stewart, 13 Smith, Edgar F., 113 Smith, William R., 13 Smithsonian Institution, 171 "Solution of a Great Scien- tific DiflSculty," 327 "Some Jewels Set Together," 449 Southern Educational Fund, Spain, guests invited from, 26 Spencer, Herbert, 57 Stanford, Leland, Junior, University, 147 Stead, Dr. W. T., 21, 39, 422; address by, 351 Stead, Mrs., 45 Stephenson, George, 312 Stevens Institute of Tech- nology, 172 Stewart, William, 246 Stockholm, University of, 222 Stokes, Anson Phelps, Jr., 211 Stone, Winthrop E., 13, 40, 166 463 INDEX Strauss, Dr. Richard, 230 Strutt, R., 333 Stuart, Gilbert C, 289 Suess, E., 221 Swain, Joseph, 173 Swarthmore College, 173 Sweden, guests invited from, 27 Swinderen, Jonkheer, 24, 39 Switzerland, guests invited from, 27; Hochschule, Bern, 215 Syracuse University, 174 Taylor, Charles L., v, 43 Taylor, J. M., 198 Tea for the Ladies, 369 Tebar, J. M., 232 Technological Society of Kan- sas City, 175 Tennessee, University of, 192 Thamin, R., 224 Thach, C. C, 105 Thomas, J. F., 13 Thomas, M. C, 120 Thomas S. Clarkson Memorial School of Technology, 1 76 Thompson, Dwinel F., 13, 41 Thomson, John, 13, 135 Thiirlings, Prof. Dr. A., 215 Thursday afternoon, exercises on, 45 Thursday morning, reception of guests, 3 1 Thursday night, gala concert on, 99 Thwing, Charles F., 13, 40, 203 Tocqueville, A. C. H. M. C. de, 388 Tokyo, University of, 265 Trinity College, 177 "Triumphant American De- mocracy," 388 Trustees of Carnegie Insti- tute, v; Mr. Carnegie's ap- preciation of, 67 Tulane University of Louis- iana, 179 Turkey, guests invited from, 27 Turner, William, 245 Tuskegee Normal and Indus- trial Institute, 180 Union College, 181 United States Military Acad- emy, 182 United States National Mu- seum, 171 United States Naval Acad- emy, 183 Universite d'Aix-Marseille, 223 Universite de Bordeaux, 224 Universite de Paris, 225 Uruguay, guests invited from, 27 Vanderbilt University, 197 Vanderhoef, George, 13 van Hise, C. R., 194 Vassar College, 198 Venezuela, guests invited from, Venezuela, Universidad Cen- tral de, 232 Vetter, Theodore, 256 Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy, 361 Vienna, Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, 221 Virginia, University of, 193 Voorst, Mr. Van, 270 464 INDEX Waetzholdt, G. D., 13 Walcott, Charles D., 13, 40, 171 Walker, T. B., 153 Wall, A. Bryan, v, 43 Walters, E. R., v, 43 Warfield, E. D., 143 Warren, Joseph W., 120 Washington and Jefferson College, 200 Washington and Lee Univer- sity, 201 Washington, Booker T., 13, 41, 180 Washington, George, 82, 287, 297>34o. 380 Washington University, 199 Wasson, J. C, v, 43, 63 Watt, James, 306, 312 Welch, William H., 13, 40 Wellesley College, 202 Werner, John, v, 43 Wesley, John, 304 Western Reserve University, 203 Western University of Penn- sylvania, 204; conferring of degrees by, 405 Westinghouse, George, 14, 40 Westinghouse, Mrs. George, 46 West Virginia University, 206 Wharton, Joseph, 14, 40, 71 White, Henry, 218 Whitfield, Henry D., 14 Willert, Arthur, 14 William II, German Emperor, 34, 69, 70, 72, 352, 359, 391, 392, 393, 406, 408, 410; cablegram from, 411; gifts from, 425-444; letter of thanks to, 447 Williams College, 207 Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades, 208 Wilson, George H., 37, 46, 58 Wilson, W. E., 333 Wisconsin, University of, 194 Woodward, R. S., 14, 40, 121 Woodwell, Joseph R., v, 43 Woolley, Mary E., 153 Wooster, University of, 195 Worcester Art Museum, 209 Worcester Polytechnic Insti- tute, 210 Wycliff, John, 304 Yale, Elihu, 64 Yale University, 130, 211 Zevort, Dr., 265 Zoological Society of London, 257 Zorn, Anders L., 450 Zurich, University of, 256 465 li '!