Gfornrll UnioerHtti} Cih^rarH 3tt;ata. 9^»ta Horh BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 ^ 'e date shows when this volume was taken. To renew this book copy the call No. and give to the librarian. HOME USE RULES All Books subject to recall All borrowers muBt regis- ter in the library to borrow books for home use. All books must be re- "*> fl turned at end of college year for inspection and repairs. Limited books must be ned within the four wsek limit and not renewed. Students must return all books before leaving town. Officers should arrange for the return of books wanted during their absence from town. Volumes of periodicals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as lossible. For special pur- ises they are given out for limited time. Borrowers should not use their library privileges for the bene:&t of other persons. Books of special value ■^d gift books, ^en the giver wished it, are not allowed to circulate. Readers are asked to re- port all cases of books marked or mutilated. Do not deface books by marks and writing. Wi 3 1924 022 932 382 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022932382 CATALOGUE INDIAN COINS THE b:ritish museum. GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS Or BAOTRIA AND INDIA. LONDON : PKIJSrTED BY OEDEE OF THE TEUSTEES. LONGMANS & CO., Pateesosteb Eow; B. QtTAEITOH, 16, Piooadiiit ; A. ASHBR & CO., 13, Bedeohd Steeet, CovEWT Gaedeh, and at Beelis j TRUBNER 8j CO., 67 &■ 59, LiTDaATE Hill. Paeis: 0. BOLLIN & FB0ABDENT, 4, Ede de Lonvois. THE COINS , or THE GREEK AND SCYTSIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY PEECY GAEDNEE, Litt. D. DISNET PJtOFESBOK OP ABCITAEOLOGT IK THE rSIVEESTTT OF CAMBKIDGE. EDITED BY EEGINALD STUAET POOLE, LL.D. CORHESPONDBNT OF THB INSTITUTE OP FBANCE- LONDON : FEINTED BY OEDEE OF THE TEUSTEES. 1886. LONDON : PHINTED BY GILBEBT AND HIVINGTON, LIMITED, ST. JOHN'S SQUABE, CLEEKENWBI-L, E.G. (tnixL^ y\^.^.Ajux^^ w. &»(^. .f Cr^.A-^ Mu^CxA, EDITOR'S PREFACE. The present volume contains all the coins which were issued by the Greek and Scythic kings who ruled in India and the neigh- bouring lands between the time of Alexander the Great and the third century a.d. The work has been long and laborious, alike to compiler, editor, and printer. The number of unusual characters which it contains has greatly hindered its progress ; but the typographical difficulties have not been the only ones. The history of the kings is very obscure, and the types employed on their coins often of a mixed and uncertain character. On the other hand, few fields of numismatics offer richer material, historical, archaeological, and even philological; though philological theories are necessarily excluded from these pages. Special thanks are due to General Cunningham, R.E., who has allowed the compiler free use of his plates published in recent volumes of the Numismatic Chronicle, and has thus enabled the present work to be rendered far more complete than it could other- wise be : also to Professor Cecil Bendall, who has given valuable philological aid. vi editoe's preface. The system of transliteration adopted for Prakrit words is that used by Professor Aufrecht in the Sanskritic Catalogue of the Bodleian Library; also in the Catalogue of Books in the British Museum. I have carefully revised the manuscript of this work, comparing each coin with the corresponding description. EEGINALD STUART POOLE. CONTENTS. KODUCTION :— PAGE I. Historical Outlines: — Alexander the Great xviii Andragoras, Sophytes xix Diodotus ; Bactrian revolt XX Euthydemus I. ; invasion of Antiochus III. . xxi Demetrius and Eucratides; conquest of India xxii Plato, Pantaleon, Agathooles, Euthydemus II. xxvi Medals of Agathocles and Antimachus . xxviii Helioeles xxix Chinese account of the Yueh-Chi . XXX Chart of Greek and Scythic dominions xxxiii Successors of HeHocles . xxxiv Antialcidas and Lysias xxxiv The Sonipat find . xxxvi Menander, Apollodotus xxxvii Geographical data . xxxviii Eanjabala xxxix Scythic Kings : Manes xl Azes, Azilises . , . . xli Parthian Kings : Gondophares, &c. xliii Sanabares . . . . ' . xlvi Saka Kings : Heraiis xlvii Yueh-Chi Kings : Kadphises I. xlviii Kadaphes, Kadphises II. xlix Kanerkes and Hooerkes : their era . 1 Vasu Deva . , li CONTENTS. Geebk,' Indian, and Sotthic II. Insceiptions itl. MONOGBAMS . IV. Types:— Greek types Semi-Hellenic types . . Hindu types Parthian types . Types of Yueh-Clii Kings V. Weights Normal weights of coins VI. The Am an Pali Alphabet VII. Table op transliterations Prakrit legends AND RENDERINGS OF liii Iv Ivi Ivii Iviii lix Ix Ixvii Ixix Ixx Ixxii COIN CATALOGUE:— Andtagoras ......... 1 Sophytes ......... 2 Diodotus I. ........ . 3 Euthydem^^s I. . . . . . . . . .4 Demetrius ......... 6 Euthydemus II. .»...._. . 8 Pantaleon ......... 9 Agathocles ......... 10 Antimachus I. ....... . 12 Eucratides ...... . . 13 Eucratides with Heliocles and Laodice . . . . 19 Plato ' 20 Heliocles, ..... ^. .. . 21 Antialcidas ......... 25 Lysias .......... 29 Diomedes ......... 31 Archebius ......... 32 ApoUodotus I. ....... . 34 ApoUodotus II 37 Strato 1 40 Agathocleia with Strato 43 CONTENTS. ix PAGE Menander ... .... 44 Epander . , ... 51 Dionysius , 51 Zoilus 52 Apollophanes 54 Artemidorus 54 Antimachus II. 55 Philoxeniis . 56 Nicias, .... 58 Hippostratus 59 Amyntas 61 Hermaeus 62 Hermaeus and Calliope 66 Eanjabala 67 Maues .... 68 Azes .... 73 Azes and Azilises . 92 Azilises 93 Spalahores with. Vonones 98 Spalagadames with Vonones 99 Spalagadames with Spalyris 100 Spalirises as King's brother 100 Spalirises as King 101 Spalirises with Azes 102 Gondophares 103 Abdagases .... 107 Orthagnes .... 109 Paeores 110 Zeionises 110 Uncertain Kings . 111 Sanabares .... 113 Soter Megas 114 Heraiis .... 116 Hyrcodes , , . . 117 Kings of uncertain name 119 Hermaeus and Kadphises I. 120 Kadphises I. . . . 122 X CONTENTS. PACE Kadaphes .... .... 123 Kadphises II. 124 Kanerkes 129 Hooerkes 136 Bazodeo (Vasu Deva) 159 IndorScythic, Uncertain 162 SUPPLEMENT (Important types not in the British Museum) : — Demetrius 163 Pantaleon 164 Agathocles . 164 Antimachus I. 164 Eucratides . 165 Heliocles 166 Antialcidas . 166 Antialcidas and Lysias 166 Theophilus . 167 Archebius . - , 167 Apollodotus . 167 Strato I. 168 Strato II. . 168 Menander 168 Epander 169 Dionysius 169 Zoilus . 170 Artemidorus . 170 Philoxenus '. 171 Nicias, . 171 Telephus 171 Amyntas 171 Hermaeus 172 Maues . 172 Azes and Azilises . 173 Azilises 173 Vonones and Spalahores 173 Gondophares 174 2eionises 174 CONTENTS. XI PASA Arsaces Dikaios 174 Arsaces Theos . 175 Kadphises II 175 Kanerkes ......... 175 INDEXES :— I- Types 177 II. Kings, Tyrants, &c. 184 III. Titles of Kings— A. Greek 186 B. Scythic, in Greek letters . . . . 187 C. Indian Titles and Words .... 187 rV. Remarkable Inscriptions and Legends . . . 190 Table for converting English Indies into Millimetres and tbe Measures of Mionnet's Scale 191 Table of the relative Weights of English Grains and French Grammes .... .... 192 LIST OF PLATES. LIST OF PLATES. I. II. III. rv. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XL XIL XIIL XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. Andragoras, Sophytes, Diodotus, EuthyJemus I. Euthydemus I., Demetrius. Demetrius, Euthydemus II., Pantaleon. Agathocles. Antimachus I., Eucratides. Eucratides, Plato. Heliocles, Autialcidas. Antialcidas, Lysias, Diomedes. Archebius, ApoUodotus. Apollodotus, Strato I. Strato I., Aga1;hocleia, Menander. Menander, Epander, Dionysius, Zoilus. ApoUophanes, Artemidorus, Antimachus II., Philoxcnus, Niuias. Hippostratus, Amyntas. Hermaeus, Calliope, Kanjabala. Maues. Maues, Azes. Azes. Azes. Azes, AzUises. Azilises, Vonones, Spalahores, &c. SpaUrises &c., Gondophai-es. Abdagases, Zeionises &c., Pacores, Orthagnes, Sanabares. Basileus Megas, Heiaiis, Hyrcodes, &c. Kadphises I., Kadaphes, Kadphises II. Kanerkes. Kanerkes, Hooerkes. Hooerkes. Hooerkes, Bazodeo, &c. Supplementary. THE COINS OF THE GEEEK AND SGYTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA. INTRODUCTION. In treating of the arrangement of the coins of the Greek and Necessity for here ^cythic Kings of Bactria and India, it is necessary examining his- to enter briefly into all the known facts of their history. The Kings of the Seleucid and Ptolemaic dynasties succeeded one another in a known order, and the chief events of their reigns have been handed down to us by ancient writers. It was therefore unnecessary to give the facts of their history as an introduction to the lists of the coins issued by them. But ia regard to all but two or three of the kings of the farther Bast, the ancient historians are quite silent ; and coins and inscriptions alone save us from ignorance even of their names. Therefore it is necessary in this Introduction to trace the outlines of any history which can now be recovered, and in particular in some detail to set forth the historical facts which may fairly be estabhshed by means of the coins. In order to bring the discussion into the narrowest possible limits, it wiU be necessary (1) to abstain from mere con- jecture, however- tempting ; (2) to avoid full discussion of disputed points, merely indicating where difference of opinion exists, and referring, when possible, to works already published, or monographs in various numismatic journals; (3) to treat in detail only such parts of history as have a numismatic bearing. The writers to whom credit is due for the arrangement and deci- Most important pherment of these coins are, in the first rank, James writers. Prinsep* and General Alexander Cunningham.f * Essays on Indian Antiquities. f Coins of the Successors of Alexander, Numismatic Chronicle, 1868, &o^ b XVIU INTRODUCTION. Mr. E. Thomas,* Lassen^f and Wilson.J liave also done much important workj both historical and numismatic, in the same field. The most recent monograph on the coins is that of von Sallet,§ whose scholarly acquirements and solid numismatic judgment have enabled him to correct on many points the theories of his prede- cessors. Mr. James Pergusson's and Professor CowelFs researches have also been of the greatest value to the present purpose ; and there is much valuable matter in von Gutschmid's article on the Grraeco-Parthian Empire in the ninth edition of the Encydopcedia Britannica, s. v. Persia. When a debt is due to other writers, it will be mentioned in the foot-notes. I. HisTOKicAL Outlines. The numismatics of the Greek rulers of India properly begins Alexander the ^n^^ Diodotus. But there are a few coins issued Great: \t^ India or neighbouring countries at an earlier Eulers who issued coin B.C. 330— period than his, which are, for convenience, in- *°*'" eluded jn this volume. Whether Alexander himself, during his sojourn in India, issued coins in his own name, may perhaps be doubted ; but it is at least a plausible conjecture that certain bronze coins, [] bearing the usual types of Alexander and his name, but of square form, were issued in India^ as the custom of issuing square coins already existed in India in Alexander's time but in no other country. These pieces, then, unfortunately wanting in the British Museum, may be considered as the earliest Greek coins of India. * Notes to Prinsep's Essays. f Indische AUerthumshunde. X Ariana Antiqua, § Zeitschrift filr Numismatih, Berlin 1879. II The conjecture is Dannenberg's, Zeitschr. f. Num. vi. 166 (note), who, however, gives the coins to Bactria. India is a far more reasonable attribution.. HISTORICAL OUTLINES. XIX In recent years the region of Balkli (Bactria) has furnished an abundant supply of coins, issued by the immediate successors of Alexander in that district.* Among these are double darics, with Greek letters on the obverse j gold and silver coins of the first three Antiochi, with the types of a seated Apollo and of a horse's head ; silver coins of Seleucus I., with types of a chariot of elephants and a horse's head ; coins issued during the joint reigns of Seleucus and Antiochus I., bearing the names of both rulers ; and gold money of an early king of the Persepolitan class, with Pehlvi legend. Among these also have come to light a few coins, in gold and silver, of a king named Andragoras, who is con- jectured to have been ruler of Parthia or one of the neighbouring countries in the early part of the third century B.C. The only ancient authority who mentions this , king is Justin,-!" who states Andragoras to have been the name of (1) a Persian noble set up as Satrap of Parthia by Alexander, (2) a Satrap of Parthia overthrown eighty years later by the first Arsaces. It is more probable that the coins published in our catalogue belong to the period of the second of these rulers. The issue of gold coin shows that the ruler who issued them claimed a complete independence ; and this is a further reason for assigning him to the time of the break np of the Seleucid empire in the East, about B.C. 250. The coins of Sophytes were first pubHshed by Cunningham.f They are the more interesting because their date Sophytes. and place of issue can be approximately fixed. We learn from several of the historians of Alexander's reign that Sopeithes, or Sophytes, ruled a district on the banks of the Acesines * P. Gardner, in Num. Chron. 1879, p. 1 ; 1880, p. 181 ; 1881, p. 8. Canning- ham, in B. A. S. B. Journal, 1881, p. 151. Especially has a find from the Oxus river enriched the cabinets of collectors. t Justin, xii. 4, xli. 4 Of. Num. Chron. 1879, p. 1 ; 1881, p. 8. X Num. Chron. 1866, p. 220. XX INTKODTJCTION. at the time of Alexander's invasion, and was confirmed by the latter in the possession of it. But Sophytes' coins are copied from the issues, not of Alexander, but of Seleucus. It would appear from them that Sophytes renewed with Seleucus, very probably on the occasion of that king's eastern expedition against Sandracottus, the friendship which he had established with Alexander. After this expedition, for the period of a century, that is to say during the third century before our era, India proper was governed altogether by native rulers j the power of the Seleucidae and Greek kings of Bactria stopping at the Indian Caucasus. The date of the revolt of Bactria against the authority of the Th B t ■ n Seleucidae, who had inherited all the eastern parts revolt. of the empire of Alexander, cannot be accurately 10 us. fixed. Justin,* however, states that it was con- temporary with another revolt of one of the eastern provinces of the Seleucid empire, that of the Parthians under Arsaces ; an event which took place in B.C. 248.t About that time, then, Diodotus, Satrap of Bactria, revolted against Antiochus II. of Syria, and succeeded in establishing his independence. He seems to have pre- pared his subjects for a change of masters by issuing coin bear- , ing the types of Antiochus II. of Syria, -but with his own portrait. J After his establishment in the kingdom he continued this issue unchanged, only substituting his own name, besides his portrait, for that of ^he Seleucid king. According to Justin, § Diodotus soon died, and was succeeded by his son, also named Diodotus, who made a treaty of alliance with Arsaces, the first Parthian king. But it seems clear that all coins which have come down to us bearing the * xli. 4. f Gardner, The Parthian Coinage, p. 3. J Br. Mus. Catalogue of Seleucid Coins, p. 15. Cf. Num. Chron. 1881, p. 11. § xli. 4. Justin calls Diodotus Theodotus. But Trogus Pompeius seems to have had the name right, Frol. lib. xli. HISTORICAL OUTLINES. XXI name- of Diodotus were issued by one king. ' We must therefore either suppose that Justin is wrong and has duplicated a single monarch, or that the younger Diodotus continued the issue of his father's money unchanged, or, finally, that the elder Diodotus continued during his lifetime to issue money in the name of Antiochus of Syria, and that our coins with the name of Diodotus were issued by his son, who first ventured to introduce his own name and portrait on the coin. Between these alternatives we cannot venture to decide ; in favour of the last, it may be observed that the portrait of Diodotus on his coins is that of a man of not more than middle age; the coins of flat fabric, and bearing an elderly portrait, being now considered forgeries. We learn that Diodotus was superseded in the rule of Bactria by Buthydemus, a native of Magnesia, in Ionia, Eastern expedi- possibly a Satrap of some neighbouring province, ""^ " who was in full power at the time when Antiochus Antiochus III. the G-reat made his eastern expedition, in or about B.C. 208. The accurate pages of Polybius* give us a glimpse into his history which is very valuable. Buthydemus being defeated in battle by Antiochus, and unable to oppose him, appealed to his generosity, saying that he was born in Asia Minor, and was not one of those who had revolted against Antiochus II., but, on the contrary, had gained the kingdom after rooting out the descendants of those who had so revolted. He pointed out the grave danger that must arise if he were obliged to call in the aid of the Scythians, who were already hovering on the Chinese frontier of his dominions. Antiochus seems to have been open to conviction : finally, he agreed to acknowledge Buthydemus' independence ; and, taking a fancy to Demetrius his son, promised him one of his own daughters in marriage. * Hist. X. ad fin., xi. 34. Xxii INTUODTJCTION. After making terms witli Euthydemus, Antioclius advanced across the Paropamisus into India, and made a treaty with the Indian king, Sophagasenus, or Subhagasena, who seems at that time to have been in full possession of the Kabul Valley, the Greek dominion stretching little, if at all, to the south of the Indian Caucasus. Thence Antiochus returned, through Arachosia and Drangiana, to Syria. With the beginning of the second century b.c. we find great changes taking place in the Greek regions of Eucratides : Central Asia. On the death of Euthydemus, his son conquests to Demetrius succeeded : and we find, as contemporary East & South _ ' . and rival of the latter, the great Eucratides, whose career of chequered victory and defeat may be partly traced in historical records. At the same time the Greeks, perhaps in con- sequence of the constantly increasing pressure from the north of the nomadic tribes of Central Asia, made their way across the Indian Caucasus, and began to wrest from the native Indian princes the districts of Kabul and the Panjab, which had been left under native dominion by the Seleucid kings from Seleucus I. to Antiochus III., and which Diodotus does not seem to have attacked ; for coins of Diodotus are not found south of the Indian Caucasus. On the other hand, those of Euthydemus are found as far south as Seistan, and as far east as the Panjab ;* and the city of Sagala, in the neighbourhood of Lahore, bore the surname of Euthydemia. Thus the sudden extension of the Greek pale would seem to have been a feature of the later years of Euthydemus. But it appears, from the statements of ancient writers, that the actual conqueror was not Euthydemus but his son Demetrius, who was probably his colleague in the kingdom as well as his successor. Thus Justinf speaks of * Some were found in the Indus at Attok. See Cunningham, in Num. Chron., 1869, p. 137. t xli. 6. HISTOETCAL OUTLINES. XXlll Demetrius as king of India, and Strabo* couples him with Menander as a chief agent of Greek conquest in India. What seems most likely is that Demetrius made considerable conquests during his father^s lifetime. We are, however, scarcely justified in saying, as does v.Gutschmid.f that -'Demetrius himself marched down the course of the Indus, conquered Pattala and the kingdom of Saraostes (Surashtra) and Sigerdis, probably the district of the commercial city Barygaza." The careless language of the passage of Strabo in which these-places are mentioned as within the Greek pale seems only to imply that some of the Greek kings extended their conquests so far j and it is reasonable to suppose that the rule of Menander was extended farther to south and east than that of Demetrius ; to Menander therefore the conquest of the Indus valley may be with more reason ascribed. Not only did Euthydemus acquire, through his son's activity, territory in India, but he also probably ruled the widest district ever possessed by the Greeks to the north of the Paropamisus, from Margiana to Chinese Tartary. Even into the Celestial Empire the influence and the trade of the Greeks seems at this time to have penetrated. Of this a proof is furnished by a coin brought by Sir D. Forsyth from Kashgar,J bearing a Chinese legend and inscribed with the name and titles of a Greek king, possibly Hermaeus. After Euthydemus' death his dominions were broken up by the rivalry between Demetrius and Eucratides, as well as by the rise and usurpations of fresh kings of uncertain origin, such as the' first Antimachus. * Geog. xl. 11, 1. Most of Strabo's statements as to early Bactrian history are loose and incorrect. For instance, he speaks of the revolt of Arsaces as subse- quent to the rise of Euthydemus. t In Bncycl. Brit,, Persia, p. 590. % Numism. Chron. 1879, p. 274. That this coin is of iron, is now, I am in- formed, denied. XXIV INTEODTJCTION. Of Eucratides also the origin is obscure. We know, however, by a fortunate chance, the names of his father and mother. Coins of » . - . Eucratides These are tarnished to us by the remarkable coins * with his father ^yhich bear on one side the head of Eucratides, and and mother. the inscription BaaiKev'i EvKpaTtST]<; ; on the other the portraits of his father and mother, Heliocles and Laodice. The very collocation of the inscriptions which appear on the two sides of those coins, BacriXevi EiiKpaTiSr]'; — 'HXiotcKeovi icaX AaoSi/cr]<;, where we seem almost compelled to understand the word »to?, shows that in them Eucratides intends to proclaim hia parentage. Heliocles does not seem to have been a king at all, for hia por- trait wears no diadema, but Laodice's head does seem to be bound with the diadema, in the Greek East the invariable sign of royalty. And indeed her appearance on coins in such a connexion would scarcely be explicable unless she were of royal parentage. But we must remain in ignorance whose daughter she was. Yon Sallet has proposed an entirely different interpretation of the coins in quea- tion. He thinks that they were issued by Eucratides, not in honour of his parents, but on the occasion of the marriage of his son Heliocles (who afterwards succeeded him) with a Laodice, whom Sallet conjectures to have been daughter of Demetrius by the daughter of Antiochus III., whom that monarch betrothed to Demetrius in the course of his Indian campaign. On this hypo- thesis some recent writers have tried to build further structures of theory. But it is unfitted to bear such a weight. In its favour is the one fact that the name Laodice was usual in (not peculiar to ) the Seleucid dynasty of Syria. On the other side are reasons of more weight. The portraits of Hehocles and Laodice on the coins are of elderly, not young persons ; and it is not easy to see how Sallet would interpret in the inscriptions which accompany * See page 19, pi. vi, 9, 10. HISTORICAL OUTLINES. XKV the portraits the genitive case in the names of Heliocles and Laodice, unless he understands before them the word vto?. If any one carefully compares the head of the elder Heliocles (pi. vi. 9), with that of Eucratides (pi. v. 0), and that of the younger Heliocles (pL vii. 1, 2), lie must allow that it resembles Eucratides far more nearly than his son ; which may be best accounted for by supposing that the artist constructed the head of the elder Heliocles after his death, on the analogy of that of his son Eucratides. The wars between Demetrius and Eucratides are mentioned by Wars of Justin ; * but the statements of this writer must Demetrius and be received with great caution, nor can we believe his assertions that the Indian conquests of Eucratides belong to the end of his reign, or that Demetrius ruled until nearly the same time. For the coins seem to contradict them. The coins of Demetrius come in almost all cases from Bactria, those of Eucratides are very commonly found in the Kabul Valley. The coins of Demetrius bear Greek legends only, with rare exception, while the bronze coins of Eucratides are nearly all bilingual, an indication alike of their later date than the money of Demetrius and that they were issued in India. We therefore, must still retain the opinion that Demetrius ruled only during the early part of the reign of Eucratides in Bactria as well as in India, and that Eucratides was for a great part of his reign lord of India as well as of Bactria and Arachosia. Eucratides founded the city of Eucratidia in Bactria; Demetrius, Demetrias in Arachosia, and Euthydemia in India. Cunningham places the commencement of the career of Eucratides * " Multa tamen Eucratides bella magna virtute gessit, quibus adtritus cum obsidionem Demetrii regis Indorum pateretur, cum ceo. militibus Ix. milia hos- lium adsiduis eruptionibus vicit. Qainto itaque mense liberatus Indiam in potes- tatem redegit. Unde cum se reciperet a filio quem socium regni fecerat, in itinera interficitnr."— Justin, xli. 6. e XXVI INTRODUCTION. Eeign of about B.C. 190, and tliis date must be approximately lucratides. right.* His reign began brilliantly, and was con- tinued with chequered fortune ; but the wide field over which hia coins are fonnd,f and their commonness, seems to testify to his great power. We may also remark his assumption of the title BaaiXeiif; fieya^ as a clear indication of extensive dominions, and the fact that his types and titles are copied by the kings of Parthia,} and by Timarchus, king of Babylon,§ as showing how widely his money circulated. But it appears that towards the end of his reign cer- tain provinces II were wrested from him by the Parthians, probably in the time of their great king Mithradates, who came to the throne about B.C. 170. The reign of Bucratides appears to have lasted until the times of two kings, who certainly imitate his money, Plato, whom the date on his unique and remarkable coin shows Plato. to have ruled in B.C. 165, and Timarchus of Babylon B.C. 162. Plato would seem to have been a mere ephemeral rival, or a revolted satrap of Eucratides. We must assign to the period of the reign of Eucratides, that ^ ^, ^ , is, to the first half of the second century- B.C., the luthydemus II. . J ' Pantaloon, coins of the kings Euthydemus II., Pantaleon, Att^machuTi. -Agathocles, and Antimachus I. This assignment, which was first made by von Sallet^ is on grounds of style quite incontestable. It is impossible, in view of the art * There does not seem to be any conclusive evidence on the point, v. Sallet quotes the imitation of Eucratides' types by certain early Arsacid kings as a proof that Eucratides' reign began early; but the attribution of the early coins of the Arsacidae is a matter of dispute. t According to Cunningham, they are found at Balkh, in Bokhara; Seistan the Kabul Valley, &c., and a few in the Panjab. t For instance, Arsaces VI., Mithradates I. See Gardner. Tke Parthian Coinage, p. 31. Other writers attribute these coins to others of the Arsaoidae § B. M. Cat. Seleucidae, pi. xv. 2, p. 50. ' . II Tn" " 'Aairiiivov Koi rifv Tovpioiav d(j>;^p7,vTo EiK/)ari'8,v bl Uapdva'wi : Strabo xl. 11, ed. Kramer. The names seem corrupt, and have been variously amended. HISTORICAL OUTLINES. XXVII and fabric of the coins of those kings, to give them, as previous writers, and even Cunningham did, to the earliest days of Bactrian independence. And the evidence of style is further confirmed by the consideration that as all these kings reigned on the south side of the Paropamisus, they cannot be assigned to an earlier period than that of the Indian conquests of Demetrius. This new light is of the utmost importance in the classification of the earlier Greek kings of India : it entirely destroys an order which was full of difficulties, and puts in its place one which is thoroughly intelligible and satisfactory. The coins of the younger Buthydemus are certainly subsequent to those of Demetrius, whose types they borrow. There can, therefore, be no reasonable doubt that this king was either the younger son of Euthydemus I., or else the son of Demetriiis and grandson of Buthydemus L As the coins of the younger Buthy- demus are not by most writers distinguished from those of the elder, it is not possible to ascertain their find-spots, or to determine the locality -of his reign ; its date would seem to be about b.c. 1 70. From the rarity of his coins it may be judged that his reign was soon brought to an end. Pantaloon and Agathocles strike with almost identical types. They both adopt the metal nickel* for their coins, and they alone use in their legends the square Indian alphabet. They seem, therefore, to have been closely connected, either brothers, or father and son. Coins of both are found in the Kabul Valley and the western Paniab, and those of Agathocles as far south as Kandahar. Panta- leon seems from his portrait to have been the elder of the two, and the rarity of his coins shows his reign to have been ephemeral. Agathocles seems to have ruled more widely and longer, and he has * See Dr. Flight's analysis in Num. Chron. 1868, p. 305. XXVlll INTRODUCTION. left US in some of his coins valuable materials for the determination of points in his history. Of the greatest importance is a series of coins,* which indeed we „ , , ^ , . may rather term medals, of the weight of Attic Medals struck by •' ' & Agathocles tetradrachms, issued by Agathocles' in commemo- ration of his predecessors in the Greek rule of Bactria. These medals reproduce alike the portraits of these predecessors, and, what is still more unusual, their coin-types, so that only by their style and their inscriptions do they differ from the ordinary coins of those monarchs. The inscriptions run thus : — AAEHANAPOY TOY IAinnoY BAZIAEYoNToZ AfAOOKAEOYZ AIKAIOY ANTIOXOY NIKATOPOZ AIOAOTOY ZHTHPOZ EYOYAHMOY OEOY To these we must add the parallel coin of King Antimachns : AIOAOTOY ZflTHPOZ BAZIAEYONTOZ OEOY ANTIMAXOY I have elsewheret discussed these medals, the true character of which V. Sallet was the first to establish. They prove that Pantaleon and Agathocles, like the younger Euthydemus, belonged to the faction of Euthydemus I. and Demetrius, and were pre- sumably opposed to Eucratides. Agathocles traces his political pedigree through Euthydemus I., Diodotns, and an Antiochus,+ to * n. iv. 1, 3, XXX. 5, 6. t Num. Chron. 1881, p. 184. X It is disputed which of the three first Antiochi of Syria is the Antiochus Nicator of these coins. None of them seems really to have home the title • the first was Soter, the second Theos, the third Megas. In favour of Antiochus I it may be urged that he was the only Antiochus who held undisputed sway in Bactria, and might well be regarded by the Eastern Greeks as full successor of Alexander the Great ; also his father Seleucus was called Nicator. In favour of Antiochus II., we have the strong argument that the type of the seated Herakles which is repeated on the Bactrian coin is copied from coins of Syria given by HISTOIUCAL OUTLINIiS. XXIX Alexander tte Great himself. Antimaclius claims Diodotus as his predecessor. Theee facts seem to suggest, what is by no means improbable in itself, that Buthydemus II., Pantaleon, and Aga- thocles were all sons of Demetrius. And possibly, though this is more speculative, Antimachus, as to whose connexions we have no information, was the representative by descent or otherwise of the house of Diodotus. The types of Antimachus' coins add one more to the few known Types of facts of Greek- Indian history. They are, on the imac us. silver coins, Poseidon holding trident and palm ; and on the bronze. Victory standing on a ship. There is no mistaking the meaning of these types, which clearly allude to a naval victory won by the king. It might seem at first sight that this victory must have been won on the open sea. But Antimachus' rule never extended to the sea : his coins are found both on the north and the south of the Caucasus, but never south of the Panjab. We must therefore suppose that the naval victory was won on the Indus, or one of its great tributaries j and, indeed, it may easily be understood that the Greeks would place so large a river as the Indus under the sway of Poseidon. Eucratides was succeeded by his son Heliocles. The coins of this Heliocles : two king are found mostly in Bactria, but also in the classes of coins. j^^bul Valley. He is, as Canningham remarks, the last king who struck to the north of the Indian Caucasus. "We mav therefore be almost sure that in his reign the nomadic tribes conquered the whole country as far south as the Bamian Pass. The silver coins of Heliocles fall into two classes. The first class consists of coins of the Attic standard of weight, bearing Greek general consent to Antiochus II. In favour of Antioclius III., the only argument is a passage of Malala (p. 261), where the term Nicator seems to he applied to this king. But this passage is deprived of all weight by the numerous mistakes which it contains. The balance of evidence is greatly in favour of Antiochus I. or II. XXX INTRODUCTION. legends only. The second class consists of coins of a different weight, which. I call the Persian^* which bear bilingual inscriptions and a different portrait of the king. The theory is obvious that the first class was issued by the king while he ruled in Bactria, and the second class at a later period, when he was king only of a corner of India. And it is greatly in favour of this view' that the coins of the Bactrian class were largely copied by the barbarous tribes of central Asia, just as the coins of Philip and Alexander were by the G-auls who invaded Macedon about B.C. 290, while those of the Indian class are closely like coins, of subsequent Greek kings of the Kabul Valley and India. Down to the reign of Heliocles, which must be assigned to about Successors of B.C. 160 — 120, we are able to trace with certainty, e IOC 08. pj, jj^^jg jggg tiia,n certainty, the order of succession of the Greek kings of India. But we now arrive on the verge of a period of uncertainty, where the data are very scanty. In fact, our task would become almost hopeless, were it not that the annals of Principal infor- China preserve a general outline of the history of mation from Bactria and India in the account which they give of the wanderings of the nomad nations on the western borders of China, during the second and first centuries B.C. To identify the names of kings and of places as recorded by the Chinese with those which we find on the coins is no easy task but it is a task which has been attempted, and with some measure of success in the opinion of those best qualified to judge. The most recent authority who has examined the Chinese evidence Chiaese account as to the migrations of the Tueh-chi, M. E. Specht + thus sums it up : — The Yueh-chi were conquered in 201 and 165 b.c. by the Huns, and fled westward, subjugating the Ta-hia of Bactria, and fixing their seat to the north of the Oxus * See bolow, p. Iviii . f Journal Asiatique, 8th Ser., vol. ii. p. 348. HISTORICAL OUTLINES. XXXI where a Chinese ambassador found them in 126 e.g. After that visit they captured Lan-chi, the capital of the Ta-hia. A hundred years later, Khiu-tsiu-kio [Kadphises I.], ruler of the Kushans, one of the Yueh-chi tribes, conquered all the other tribes, invaded the kingdom of the Arsacidae,* seized Kabul and Ki-pin [Cophene], and formed a great kingdom. His son conquered India, and the empire thus founded lasted from the middle of the first to the end of the fourth century. Who the Ta-hia may be is not clear ; they have been identified with the Scythian tribe of the Dahae, but the Chinese description of them — " each town was governed by its magistrate, the population was weak and feared war," — would not apply to any Scythic race, but would very well apply to the native Bactrians under Greek dominion; and the date at which the Greeks were driven across the Paropamisus, in the reign of Heliocles, would fall not far from B.C. 126. In the Kabul Valley the Hellenic race held out for a century later, until Kadphises I. led the united tribes of Yueh-chi against them, and, after vanquishing them, ruled the country, at first in conjunction with the last king, Hermaeus, and finally in his place. The Chinese authorities thus give us two dates of the utmost value for the reconstruction of the history of India and Bactria : the nomad tribes conquered Bactria (Heliocles) about B.C. 125, and India (Hermaeus) about B.C. 25. These dates both suit the numismatic evidence very well. Gen. Cunningham gives Hermaeus to a far earlier period than B.C. 25, assigning him indeed to so early a time as 138 — 120. But not only does this conflict with historical records, but it is also in collision with numismatic tes- timony. For Hermaeus was, as all writers agree, the last of the * About B.C. 31, Phraates, with the help of a Scythian army, expelled Tiridates from the government of Parthia. XXXU INTRODUCTION. Greek kings of Kabul. We are therefore obliged to place between Heliocles and him the reigns of all the twenty Greek kings whose coins have come down to us. To cramp all these reigns into the space of thirty years, B.C. 160 — 130, is an unreasonable proceeding. Moreover the forms of letters on some of the coins, those of Zoilus, Nicias, and Hermaeus, entirely preclude us from assigning them to so early a period as B.C. 130 ; they must be quite a century later. The Chinese writers also authorize the supposition that the Scythian race which wrought the ruin of the Greeks was that of the Yueh-chi, who have been identified with the Tochari of Strabo. And the coins, in this confirming Chinese testimony, show that the tribe of Yueh-chi to which Kadphises belonged was the tribe of Kushan, already mentioned on the last page. This knowledge is valuable ; but it leaves us in ignorance on many points. We are still unaware to what tribes belonged the barbarous rulers of India in this age who did not come in with Kadphises. Maues, Azes, and their successors, who established a kingdom in India, as we shall hereafter see, before the days of Hermaeus, do not appear to have been Yueh-chi; and we are quite in doubt as to the connexions of Gondophares and other rulers. Before proceeding to speak more in detail of the various groups of kings, we will set forth in the form of a chart the general out- lines of our historical and geographical knowledge in regard to them : — CHAET TO SHOW EXTENT OE DOMINIONS AND DATES OF GEEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS. Sate. N. of Paropamisus. W, of Indus. E, of Indus. B.C. 260 Diodotus. Asoka. 240 230 HINDUS. 220 210 Eutliyaeiims I. Sopbagasenns. 200 190 Demetrius I., 'I " ' Eucratides. ) -_^^_^_^ 180 ~— - . 1?0 Pantaleon, . Agathocles, &c. / \^^^ 160 ^\ 160 Heliooles. \^ 140 ^^~~~-.,..^^ Antialoidaa.-i \^ 130 ^~^ .^..^^ Lysiaa, &o. J 120 ^'^-- 110 G B E £ E S. Menander, i Apollodofcus, &C.J 100 90 Strato, 1 / 80 Arcliel)itis, i Amyntas, &c. ) Philoxenus, 70 YTTEH- CHI. Hippoatratus.&o.J /^aues. 60 X 60 y^ 40 30 HermaeuB. y\k.zes. 20 KadphisesL Aziliaes. 10 A.D. 10 Kadaphea. Spaliriaea, &o. SAKAS. 20 30 Sanaliares, &o. Gtondopharea, &c. (Parthiana?) 40 60 Kadpliiaes II. 60 --__^^ 70 80 V Kanerkea. 90 100 110 120 130 Hooerkes. (I XXXIV INTEODTJCTION. Leaving out of account the predecessors of Heliocles, we know already of upwards of twenty kings and of two Greek Successors of queens wlio ruled in the Kabul Valley and the Heliocles;- Paniab after about B.C. 160, and before the Indo- arrangemeat. '' Scythic conquest of those regions. The orderly arrangement of these rulers is a matter of the utmost difficulty and even of impossibility. The classification of General Cunningham is based on indications so slight that it cannot resist serious cri- ticism : and indeed its validity depends in a great degree on his arrangement of the early kings, which must now be given up in consequence of the readjustment of Pantaleon and Agathocles. Von Sallet so entirely despairs of any reasonable arrangement that he adopts one which is merely alphabetical. All that has been attempted in the present catalogue is to group the kings roughly in something like chronological order, keeping similar types of coin as far as possible together. By means of the Index any king can easily be found, and that is the chief necessity. It will however be well to set forth briefly what certain data we Chronological possess for the chronological and geographical as- **'*■ si^nment of the kings. We will begin with the chronological. The only one of these later kings who strikes money on the Date of Attic standard is Antialcidas, who must therefore Antialeidas be either a contemporary or an immediate succes- and Lysias, „ sor of Heliocles. And as Antialcidas and Lysias strike some coins in common they also must be contemporaries. A common type of Antialcidas is the pilei of the Dioscuri, which seems to connect him with Bucratidesj his portrait also resembles that of Heliocle^ : he would seem therefore not improbably to be- long to the Eucratidian dynasty. The connexion of Lysias is obscure. There are also a few restrikings which help us in the assign- mSrOEICAL OUTLINES. XXXV Evidence of ment of dates to some of the Greek kings of India. ^^" Heliocles restrikes some of the coins of Strato I,* and the name and types of Eucratides are stamped on a piece of AntialcidaSjf as well as on some coins which I have assigned to Apollodotus I;J but it has been doubted whether these coins of Eucratides were really issued during his lifetime. Any attempt finally to arrange the kings in dynastic lists by means of the types and legends which they use is destined Types and legends of coins ^^ failure. The kings did not inherit these things, offer few j^^^. adopted them according to fancy or conve- indications. o ./ nience. One or two instances will be sufficient to establish this. That Heliocles was son and successor of Eucratides is perhaps the most certain fact in Bactrian history. Yet he does not resemble Eucratides in his title {SiKaio'; for fiiya^), he does not wear the same helmet, nor use the same types. In the two last respects Demetrius differs from his father Buthydemus. On the other handj Diodotus, who revolted against Antiochus II., retained the types of the Syrian king. These instances are sufficient to prove that identity of types between two kings is no proof of their rela- tion to one another, nor is divergence of types any proof that they were not related. Still less can we draw any conclusions from the form of a helmet or the adoption of a title. Perhaps the most suggestive approximation of types is that which appears when we compare the rare coins of Agathocleia, wife of Strato, with those of Buthydemus. They bear on the reverse the same type, Herakles seated, which is not usual in the Bactrian series. It is almost certain that Agathocleia must have been a king's daughter and heiress ; otherwise, as we know from the coins * Strato also restrikes coins of Heliocles. t Sallet, p. 298. X Cunningham, in Num. Chron. 1869, p. 226. XXXVl INTEODTJCTION. of Greek kings, her name would scarcely have appeared on "the coin. That she was descended from Buthydemus is, therefore very likely. We have already seen that king Agathocles was probably son of Buthydemus j Agathocleia may well have been his grand-daughter^ or otherwise related to him. But in this kind of argument there are obviously the greatest risks j and we will attempt it in no second instance. A large find of coins of the kings from Heliocles to Hermaeus Evidence of was discovered some years ago at Sonipatj* and no onipa n . -^^^g ^j^^^ ^Qg specimens have been weighed by Gen. Cunningham, who has acutely suggested that the order of the reigns may be gathered by a consideration of the amount of weight lost in circulation by the coins of different kings, those kings whose coins are most worn being naturally supposed to be the earliest. The loss is as follows : — Heliocles, 5"43 gr. Philoxenus, 3' 77 gr. ApoUodotus, 4-57 gr. Menander, 3-72 gr. Strato, 4'56 gr. Diomedes, 3"39 gr. Antimachus II,, 4'48 gr. Amyntas, 3'30 gr. Antialcidas, 4'10 gr. Hermaeus, 3"20 gr. Lysias, 373 gr. In this calculation it is assumed that the normal standard for hemidrachms is 37 grains, and that all kings minted up to that standard. This is, of course, not certain ; nevertheless, the x-esults of the test so nearly agree with the testimony of style, that we can scarcely be wrong in regarding the above order as approximately correct ; only Antialcidas and Lysias should not be placed so late. Among all these kings, two only, ApoUodotus and Menander, are Menander. ^nown to US from other sources. Menander ia identified with the Milinda of the Buddhist work * Num. Chron. 1872, p. 161. HISTOEICAL OUTLINES. XXXVU " Milinda-prasna," -whicli records not only that lie was born at the sub-Caucasian Alexandria, but that he was a just and powerful rdlerj and a convert to the Buddhist religion. Strabo* says that he was reported to have crossed the river Hypanis eastward and penetrated as far as the Isamus, but as we are ignorant where the Isamus was, this does not greatly add to our knowledge. Pl'utarchf records that as a ruler he was noted for justice ; and that when he died many cities were anxious to possess his ashes — a curious tale, which is considered by Prinsep to indicate a Buddhist source. The extraordinary abundance and wide distribution of his silver coins is well known. They were current, with those of ApoUodotus, at Bary- gaza, many years after his death,J and are still abundantly found over a wide region, including Kabul, Jalalabad, Peshawar, Mathura, and Eampur. They are not brought from Kandahar or Seistan. " From this evidence," says Cunningham, § " it is certain that Menander could not have possessed any part of Arachosia or Drangiana, and that his dominions to the west of the Indus must have been confined to the Kabul Valley and Eastern Afghanistan." The coins which bear the name of ApoUodotus fall into two classes : these are distinguished in the Catalogue. ApoUodotus. The second class are of later and poorer style ; and on them the king usually bears the title of Philopator. General Cunningham says 1| that the Philopator coins are found only in the Panjab and N.-W. India, while the others are found over a much wider area, including the " Upper Kabul Yalley in the north, Kandahar and Roh in the west and east, and Sindh in the south." The evidence, on the whole, indicates that there were two kings of the name of ApoUodotus, of whom the later, Philopator, was * xi. 11. 1. N/ + I>e Bepul. Ger., p. 821. % Periplus maris Erythraei, c. 47, ed. Miiller. § Num. Chron. 1870, p. 221. || Ibid., 187-0, p. 77. XXXVIU INTRODUCTION. colleague of Ms father, the earlier, and his successor in some part of his dominions. And this probability will be raised almost to a certainty if we suppose that the restriking of Apollodotus' coins with the name of Eucratides took place in the life-time of the latter; since the coins which bear the legend Philopator cannot be brought within a considerable distance of the reign of Eucratides. We have thus but slight indications, beside those of art and fabric, to help us in determining the dates of the data ; find-spots, kings from Heliocles to Hermaeus. Nor have we and monograms. .... „, safer data for their geographical assignment. The find-spots of their coins have never been recorded with complete- ness or accuracy. And the monograms which have been supposed to contain the names of niints have not been satisfactorily read, in spite of the diligent efforts of General Cunningham, whose want of success* in the matter seems to prove chat success is not possible, at least in the present state of knowledge on the subject. And the details of the types adopted by various kings help us no more in determining the locality of their rule than in assigning their line of descent. We can, however, make a few rough divisions of territory. Heliocles and his predecessors minted, as we have seen, in Bactria, his successors only on the south of the Indian Caucasus. And further, it would seem that the Panjab and the Kabul Valley were frequently in different hands. Thus the coins of Archebius and Amyntas seem to be found in Kabul, and not to the east of the Indus ; and those of Hermaeus are far commoner in the same district than in the Panjab. On the other hand, the coins of kings Philoxenus, Strato, and * Gen. Cunningham's readings have not heen accepted by the best numismatists. Von Sallet remarks, " Such interpretations and experiments have too weak a basis to serve for historical investigations." See also the remarks of M. Chabouillet in the Hevue Nu'mism., 1867, p. 403. HISTORICAL OUTLINES. XXXIX Hippostratus are ctiefly found to tlie east of Jalalabad. A more exact statement could only be made after many years' study on the spot. The recorded find-spots of coins are however sufficient to give us an idea of the extent of the Greek kingdom in India. Cunningham states that coins of Apollodotus are found as far south as Kandahar and Sindh, and those of Menander -as far east as Mathura on the Jamna. And there appear to be proofs in Sanskrit literature* that a G-reek ruler (perhaps Menander) besieged Ayodhya and Patali-putra (Oudh and Patna). But these expansions were temporary, and there is no doubt that the only districts which were really Hellenized were the Kabul Valley and the western Panjab. Coins of Antialcidas, Apollodotus, Menander, Lysias, Anti- machus II., Diomedes, Archebius, and Hermaeus, were found by Massonf in the course of a few years at Beghram ; and since his time coins of Epander, Dionysius, Zoilus, Amyntas, and other kings have been found in the same region, if not on the same site. The kings mentioned, and probably others of Greek race, must all have reigned in the Kabul Valley. With the Greek kings we have placed one of Indian name, Eam'abala, whose coins resemble those of Strato, Banjabala. j •> and show him to have been nearly contemporary with that king. He may have been a satrap of Strato, who asserted his independence. His coins have been found in the eastern Panjab and at MathuraJ in company with some of Strato. * Cunningham, in Num. Chron. 1870, p. 224. f See his important list of coins found at Beghram, in the Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1836, p. 537. J Cunningham, J. A. S. B. 1854, p. 691. In this paper it is suggested that Ranjabala may be identical with Eajapa'la, a king of the lunar race of Dehli, and that Zeionises may be Jivana Raja of the same dynasty. The reasons against these identifications are, however, very strong. xl INTEODUCTION. The barbarous kings ■who make tbeir appearance in India after the destruction of the Greek kingdoms present SpytMc Kings. even greater difficulties of arrangement tban do the Greek kings themselres. Between the eastern expedition of Difficulties of Antiocbus III.j in B.C. 208^ and tbe era of Kanerkes, rono ogy. wbich may be taken as fixed* to A.d. 78, there is no absolutely fixed point, and we are reduced to arguments of mere probability. Of all the coins of the barbarous rulers, those of Maues are the earliest in style. Yon Sallet remarks that the Maues. copper coins of this king are like those of Demetrius and Apollodotus, and belong to a period not much later than that of those kings. In the forms of Greek letters, and the style of art, his coins are superior not only to those of Hermaeus, but also to those of kings such as Zoilus and Nicias. It is impossible to place King Maues at a later date than the middle of the first century B.C. And it is an interesting fact, vouched for by Cunningham, that his coins are found in the Panjab only, especially the N.W. part of it, and not in Afghanistan. We must suppose that he ruled over some Scythic invaders, who had entered India not through the Kabul Valley, but through Kashmir or Nepal, while the country to the west of Peshawar was ruled by contemporary Greek kings. At present the Passes between Kashmir and Yarkand are but little used, but it is stated that the Karakoram Pass is open all the year round; and the. trade between India and Yarkand by that route has of late years greatly increased. And we know that in old times Kashgar was far more thickly peopled than at present. It is also a matter of history that Nepal has more than once been invaded by Chinese armies. It would appear likely that at the time of the conquest of Bactria by the * See below, p. li. HISTOUICAL OUTLINES. xU Yueh-clii, as to which something has been said already, about B.C. 130, some tribe of that race or some other Scythic horde passed southward through Kashmir or Nepal; and after imbibing something of G-reek civilization, and learning the G-reek language, succeeded during the decline of the Greek power after Menander in establishing a kingdom to the east of the Indus, of which Maues was the first ruler. Azes was, according to general consent, the successor of Maues. Von Sallet suggests that he was his son, and reads Azes, Azilises. on coins of Azes, with hesitation, the legend YMAVQ, which may stand for vcbov BiKaiov S'n'dXaopov. 4. Bacri\ecoov tov ySatrtXeco? = SiraXaopov vlov SiKuiov SirdXar/aSdfiov. 9. Vonones and Azes (undescribed coin, said to be in Gen. Cun- ningham's possession). The evidence afforded by these legends is valuabloj but not so decisive as it might at first sight appear, and capable of being vari- ously construed. Some points, however, are clear. Four kings of the set assume the title King of Kings (Azes, Azilises, Vonones and Spalirises), but they do not do so in succession ; Azes seems content to share the title in a friendly way with Azilises and Spalirises, at any rate, t Spalirises was brother of a king, but of which king does not appear. Spalahores is also brother of a king, and he and his son Spalagadames strike in conjunction with Vonones. Spalyris is another brother, and at one time Spalagadames strikes in conjunc- tion with him. As close alliances of this kind scarcely occurred in antiquity, except between members of one family, we may regard it * These reverse titles arc really written in Indian. I give, for convenience the Greek equivalents. t This is sufficient proof that the assumption of the title Bao-iXcis ^airiKimv 'Maharaja adhiraja', does not imply a claim to general supremacy. HISTORICAL OUTLINES. xliii as probable, if not certaiiij that all the kings of the group were related one to the other. In that case it is likely that Azilises, Vonones, Spalirises, Spalahores, and Spalyris were all sons of Azes, and Spalagadames his grandson. Aspavarma was a mere general or satrap of Azes— perhaps, as his name seems to show, of Hindu descent. The kingdom of Maues lasted in the hands of these rulers from before the middle of the first century B.C. at least until a.d. 20 or 30, spreading with time over a larger and larger area. It must have been put down by the growing power of the kings of the Kushan tribe, perhaps by Kadphises II. We have coins of several other kings in India of the same period, Kings with who do not appear to have been connected with Parthian names. ^^^.^^^ ^-^^ dynasty of Kadphises or that of Azes. The only tie which connects them together is the Parthian character of their names, and in most cases of their coin-types. Some both in name and portrait, Pacores and Arsaces, for instance, are thoroughly Parthian. It is to be observed that under Mithradates and his warlike successors the Parthians had extended their empire into Bactria, and driven back the invading Scythians. Some scions of the royal Arsacid stock, or mere . Parthian noblemen, may have gained a footing in India and maintained themselves in opposition to the Scythic kings. ' The most important king of the Parthian class is Gondophares, Gondophares '"^t^ whom goes Abdagases, who on his coins calls and Abdagases. himself the nephew of Gondophares. The names of these rulers fortunately occur in the legends dating from the third century a.d., which record the visit of S. Thomas to India, * con- * Cnnningham, in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xxiii. Of. also Gutschmid, Rfiein. Mus. 1864, p. 161, and von Sallet in ^eitschr. f. Num., 1880, p. 296. Gutschmid shows that Gaspard, one of the three kings of the Christian legend, is identical with Gondophares. xliv INTKODUGTION. taining indeed mucli that is untrustworthy, but also a basis of fact. S. Thomas is represented as converting Gundaphorus, his brother Gad, possibly the Orthagnes mentioned below, and his sister's son Labdanes, which' last name seems to be a corruption of Abdagases. Where these rulers lived is not very clear. The legend, however, may furnish some ground for assigning them to the period of S. Thomas, that is, the first century a.d. More trustworthy than an early Christian legend should be the inscription at Takht-i-Bahi, if it could be read with certainty. Professor Dowson renders thus : * "In the 26th year of the great king Gondophares, on the third day of the month Vaisakha, (year) one hundred of the Samvatsara." Unfor- tunately, doubt hangs alike over the reading of name and date, nor can the era be identified, for Samvatsara means merely era. All that we can be sure of is that Gondophares did not reign in the hundredth year of the Saka era, by which Kanerkes and his successors (see p. li) date their inscriptions ; for the style of his coins forbids us to place them as late as a.d. 178. If the name of the king be rightly read it will prove that Gondophares reigned in the neighbourhood of Peshawar ; but even this is not certain. A silver coin of Gondophares discovered by v. Sallet, and figured in our plate xxxiii. 2, may perhaps give us a clue to his date. It is of the types of Arsacid silver coins, and especially reminds us of a coin of Mithradates II. (b.c. 90 or 80), which has similar types on both sidesf— on one the head of the king j on the other the king seated, holding an eagle, crowned by a City, who stands behind him. And this last, mentioned type seems not to recur in the Arsacid coinage, so that it would seem likely that Gondophares actually copied it from the coin- age of Mithradates. In the inscription of Gondophares' coin we find the epithet avTOKpartop, which is found on the money of only two * Journ. S. As. Soc, 1875, p. 379. t Gardner, Parthian Coinage, pi. ii, 19. HISTOEICAL OUTLINES. ' xlv Arsacid kings — SinatroceSj B.C. 76 to 69, and Phraatea IV., a.d. 8 — 11. This particular coin of GondopLares then would seem to have been struck not later than the middle of the first century a.d. The period mentioned would suit the other coins of Gondophares. That Orthagnes was a brother of Gondophares rests on a reading Orthaenes °^ ^^^ coins proposed by Gen. Cunningham. The sup- Arsaoes, position has nothing improbable in it ; the type of Zexonises. ... Victory which appears on his corns bemg also found on those of Gondophares and Abdagases. If it be well founded, it will clearly prove the PartMan origin of the dynasty of Gondophares, Orthagnes connecting him with other Indian kings of Parthian type such as Pacores,* Arsaces 0e6^ and Arsaces 8iiiatoAPPO Deity holding fire, sceptre, sword, &c., some- NANA OANINAA OAAO OPAAFNO * 'Qiiauov Koi 'AvaSdrov, ILepaiKav Saifiovav, page 512 (c). Ixiv INTEODUCTION. Inscriptions. Types. times wears winged helmetj or stands on a fire; sometimes holds the cadaceus of Hermes^ and even his purse. The Persian word far or farr signifies fire, and that the deity is a fire-god is evident. Hoff- mann calls him the god of victory, hvarenanh, " Hoheits and Sieges-glanz." (7.) Indian Deities. APAOXPO Female deity, holding a cornucopiae. [AOXPO] The type is nearer to that of the Greek Tyche than to any other figure. The legend has been regarded as a transcription of Ardha-ugra, half or consort of Siva, Parvati. And that OKPO stands for Siva is certain, as we shall presently see : but there still remains for explanation the aspirate X for K, as well as the curious circumstance that the cruel and telentless Parvati should appear in so mild and propitious a form. Hoffmann considers the deity in- tended to be the Persian Ashis, daughter of Ahuro, goddess of fortune. Others suppose her to be Lakshmi, the Indian goddess of fortune, who- closely corresponds to Tyche. MAACHNO War-god Skanda, holding standard and sword. There can be little doubt that the legend repre- sents the Sanskrit Mahasena, ' ruler of a great army,' an epithet of both Siva and Skanda. The TYPES. Ixv OKPo CKANAO KOMAPO, BIZAro Inscriptions. Types. figure so nearly resembles that of Skanda in the present series, that it is safe to identify it -with hitn. Later, Mahasena reappears, in somewhat different form. Siva, standing with trident and bull ; his hair in form of a shell. Siva having four hands, in which he holds a vase, an Indian thunderbolt,* a trident, and a goat : sometimes a wreath or a Greek thunderbolt : he is sometimes phallic. There has been a quite unnecessary doubt as to the identification of this figure; Hoffmann calls it Ahuro, and von Sallet " Pantheon aus Zeus, Poseidon, Hera- kles," &c. No doubt there is a Greek element in the type, but the attributes prove beyond any doubt that Siva(Ugra) is intended. The thunderbolt, trident, and goat, are all attributes of that deity as he appears in Hindu pictures, and the special arrangement of the hair and the phallic nature also belong to him espe- cially. On some of the late coins Siva has three faces. Two figures of armed deities ; one holds standard and sword, one sword and spear. These figures also can be unhesitatingly identified as Skanda, the Hindu god of war, who' bears the epithet of Kumara, the prince, and Visakha, who is called in the Mahabharataf a son and impersonation of Skanda. * On p. 132 this attribute has been called a drum. Its form is that of a drum, but the occurrence of the Greek thunderbolt in the hand of Siva shows that it is the Indian counterpart of that weapon. t i. 2588, iii. 14384, &c. h Ixvi INTBODTJCTION, Insariptions. Types. CKANAO Two figures, as before; between them a deity, who KOMAPO, is apparently torned. MAACHNO, j^ ^j^jg remarkable group we find again Skanda Kumaraj and Visakha : the third figure appears to be Mahasena, who is here differentiated from SiVa. (jJPON See above, under ' Greek Deities.' (S ) Buddha. BOAAO, Figure of Buddha, standing, preaching. OAYO ROY ^ f Buddha seated cross-legged (PI. xxxii. 14). CAKAMA, t 5 ^, . : \ . . ,, iro RoYAAo These coms are most mterestmg as givmg us the \ earliest known artistic representation of Buddha. The second and longer legend seems to be a tran- script of Advaya Buddha Sakyamuni.* On a British Museum specimen CAKAMA is clear; the old read- ing CAM AN A, with its interpretation Sramana, must therefore be given up. The style in which these various figures are represented is re- markable, and points clearly to a local school, style of types. . ihere are a few set schemes according to which all the figures are arranged. Nanaia (xxvi. 10) is in exactly the same attitude as Ardochro (xxvi. 6). The sun-god (xxvii. 9) finds his close parallel in the moon-god (xxvii. 22) . Pallas, or Roma (xxviii.40) difiers from Ares (xxviii. 17) only in the length of her chiton. This being the case, it is evidently futile to seek the originals of the types of these coins, as one might be tempted to do, on the Roman aurei of the Caesars. Thus the Roma (xxviii. 20) is closely like Pallas on an aureus of Galba., and the Victory (xxviii. 1 3) nearly resembles * The word advaja is due to a suggestion of Mr. Bendall ; the full form would be advaya-vadin, ' he who speaks of the one (knowledge).' "WEIGHTS ]xv: 11 Victory on an aureus of Otho ; yet we have no right in these and similar cases to assume that the Eoman coin is the prototype, and the Indian coin the copy. Rather both coin-types are copies of a conventional and widely current mode of representing the deities. Within the Kmita set by their conventional notions as to attitudes and drapery the artists employed by the Scythic kings move freely; they vary attributes continually, and in the case of Siva even develop a, type quite different from anything to which they can have been accustomed in a Greek school. V. Weights. It is maintained by Gen. Cunningham that the earliest Greek coins of India, those of Sophvtes, are struck not on The purana. r j ' the Attic standard, but on a native standard which is based on the rati or grain of abrus precatorius. Of these grains, 32 weigh, according to Cunningham, 58^ English gr., according to Thomas 56 gr. We thus reach a unit, the purana, followed in the early punched silver coins of India ; and that the money of Sophytes follows the same standard is likely enough, though if so it is rather over-weight. Apart from these specimens, all the earlier coins of the kings of Use of Attic Greek descent which were issued in India and to standard. q^^ north of the Caucasus, are struck on the Attic standard (drachm, 67*5 grains) which Alexander made universal in the regions which he conquered, and which was maintained by the Seleucid kings who succeeded him in Asia. The earliest monarch to strike on another standard is Bucratides ; and in the reigns of his successors, Heliocles and Antialcidas, the Attic standard is gradually given up, the new standard advancing in conjunction with the custom of using on the coins Indian tran- scripts of the Greek legends. Isviii INTllODUCTION. This new standard appears to be identical with that called by metrologists the Persian, the standard on which Feisian standard. . ^, /. i t-. ■ -n • coins were struck m all parts of the Persian Empire, notably the sigli stamped with the figure of the Persian king, which must have freely circulated in the northern parts of India, which paid tribute to the Persians. The standard used by the Indians for the silver coins, which they issued before the Greek conquest, is as we have already remarked difi'erent. The present standard therefore would seem not to be native to India, but an importation from Persia. In the Persian standard the unit or drachm weighs 84-86 grains : if therefore the lower standard of the Greek kings of India be Persian, we must call the heavier pieces, which weigh as a maximum 160 grains, didrachms; and the smaller pieces, which weigh up to 40 grains, hemidrachms. Hitherto the larger pieces have usually been treated as didrachms, and the smaller as hemidrachms, of Attic standard, which is clearly wrong. But Sallet also appears to be wrong in supposing that the larger pieces are tetradrachms, and the smaller drachms of a standard reduced from the Attic. For the change from the Attic standard to that which I call the Persian takes place suddenly, and is evidently due not to any sinking of standard, but to the adoption for purposes of convenience of a difi'erent weight for coins. All gold coins before the Indo-Scythic period follow the Attic standard, somewhat debased. The Indo-Scvthic Gold standard. •' gold money, as we have already observed, p. Hii, follows the standard of the aurei of Rome. The following table gives approximately the normal or standard weights of coins in the various metals issued in India by Greek and Scythic kings. PERCY GARDNER. ( kix ) NORMAL WEIGHTS OF COINS. GOLD. Stater of Attic Standard Drachm of Attic Standard Indo-Scytliic distater „ stater „ quarter-stater SILVEE. Tetradrachm of Attic Standard Drachm of Attic Standard Hemidrachm of Attic Standard Obol of Attic Standard Didrachm of Persian Standard . Hemidrachm of Persian Standard . Grains. Grammes, 132- 8-55 66- 4-27 248- 16-07 124- 8-03 31- 2-01 264- 17-10 m- 4-27 33- 2-13 11- •71 160- 10-36 40- 2-59 Drachm of Indian Standard . . . 58" 3-75 NICKEL. Didrachm of Attic Standard . . . 132- ? 8-65 Drachm of Attic Standard .... &&• 4-27 THE ARIAN PALI ALPHABET, ON COINS. Value. Forms. Value. Forms. Value. Forms, a 12 3 10 1* gam t the -4- am 1 2 gu 1 2 ^da [H] \a (medial) or m • go >P dha [V] 12 3 i 9- glia ^ ta ^ ^\ im % cha 1 2 ti 1 2 Ml ^ u cliha 1 2 Y [¥] le 1 2 e r Ja 12 3 ■ ^ ^ 7 tra \z m Ji 1 2 tsa [P-] lea "h —J / tsa > M "h ju y tha [=1] leu Jr jna [i^] ^da 12 3 4 5 ^ ^ 7 £ c; ke 77 jlia >i di 12 3 lira t jham >!. du T kri 1 2 jho 1 2 de 1 2 '^ 9 Icre ^ z^ na [y i-] do •n Icha 1 2 9 S ta [>] dra X khu S tha >i dha ? klisa [^] fhi -H- dlira 5 ga 12 3 thu t ^na 12 3 £ ^ ■? * Bottom strokes occur in the case of many letters, such as a, ga, ja, na, and da; it is therefore sometimes impossible to say whether a letter is iatended to be followed by n or r, or to be only casually varied. f Forms in square bractets are not found on coins in the British Museum, but are cited as occurring elsewhere on tha authority of General Cunningham. % In the Journal Asiatique (xv. 308) M. Senart maintains that this sign has no phonetic value ; General Cunningham, with hesitation, assigns to it the value of a long : an seems on the coins to bo sometimes undistinguiiihable from a and sometimes from u. § I cannot distinguish on the coins between na and na, da and da ; the forms of da, "l and £ are used interchangeably on the coins of Monander. THE ARIAN PALI ALPHABET, ON COINS. Value. Forms. Value. Forms. Value. Forms. ni 1 2 mo y i;r4 5 pa 1 2 ya A sa n pi r^r yi A ?* m JpU Jl yu ^ sm r prcL t ye A sha T pri b ra "1 shha [Ti] pha phi 1 2 ■h -y ram ri ^ ^ slini sa 1 2 3 ITT phre V ru ^ sam, 1 phsa V rkhe % si T ha T rte ^ su 7 1 9 bi ^ rma d^ so 1 a T T hu 1 2 rva ■3> sta ^ bra "2 rsa • [P^] sti ^ hha -h la -1 sfra 2 hlira ma 1 2 K Ti 12 3 V-l V3 vJ U lu ■d spa ha 1 2 md \J lo 1 2 ' hi 'A nuim 3 va 7 hu 2 mi N' vi ■^ he x-> me vl/ vu U ho 'V ( Ixxii ) TABLE OF TRANSLITERATIONS AND REN- DERINGS OF PRAKRIT LEGENDS. Indian. Greek equivalent. Englisli rendering. Akathukleyasa Paratalevasa Eajine INDIAN PALI. AFAOOKAEOYZ HANTAAEONTOZ BAZIAEnZ King (genitive) . AEIAN PALI. AkatHukreyasa* ArAOOKAEoYZ Amitasa AMYNTOY Amtialikidasa ANTJAAKIAOY Atntimakhasa ANTIMAXOY Apadihatasa ANIKHTOY Apaladatasa AnoAAOAOTOY Aparajitasa ANIKHTOY Apratihatasa Apratihatajshakrasa Apulaphanasa AnoAAO(|>ANOY Arkhebiyasa APXEBIOY Artemidorasa APTEMIAnPOY Aslishakasa APZAKOY Avadagasasa ABAAPAZOY Ayasa AZOY Ayalishasa or ) Ayilishasa ) AZIAIZOY Invincible (gen.). Invincible (gen.'). Invincible (gen.). Invincible with the discus (gen.). * The distinction between long and short a is not preserved in this table, as the two forma seem to be used almost indiscriminately. INTRODUCTION. Ixxiii Indian. Greek equivalent. English rendering. Bhradaputrasa AAEAIAEIiZ Brother's son {gm.). Bhrata AAEAOZ Brother. Cha And {enelitic). Clihatrapasa ZATPAnoY Satrap {gen.). Devatratasa Protected by the gods {gen.). Dhramathidasa Steadfast in the law (gem.). See below, saohadhramathidasa. Dkramikasa AIKAIOY Just {gen.), for dharmikasa. Diyamedasa AIOMHAOY Dianisiyasa AIONYZIOY Epadrasa EHANAPOY Evukratidasa or \ Eukratidasa j EYKPATIAOY Gudapharasa or | Gadapharasa ) |roNAO<|>APOY or \ YNAO<|>EPPOY Heliyakreyasa HAIOKAEOYZ Heramayasa EPMAIOY Hiduja same Just to those horn on the Indus. Same is Sk. samati {mm.). Bendall. Himakapisasa OOHMO KAA<|)IZOY Hipastratasa innoZTPATOY Jayadharasa NIKH«l>opoY Victorious {gen.). Jayamtasa or ) JayaUsa ] Conquering : a secondary forma- tion from the participle, com- mon in all Prakrits and ver- naculars. Bendall. Jh'oilasa ZniAOY Jihiiniasa ZEinNIZOY Ixxiv INTRODUCTION. Indian. Greek equivalent. English rendering. Kaliyapaya Kaphsasa Karisiye nagara de- vata Kasasa Kujula or Kuyula Kusliana or 1 Khushana ) Lisiasa or Lisikasa Mahachhatrapasa Maharajasa Maharajabhrata or Maharaj abhraha Mahatasa or 1 Mabatakasa j Mahisvarasa Menadrasa Moasa Nikiasa Pakurasa Palanakramasa Philasinasa or Philusinasa Pratichhasa Pntrasa KAAAlonH KAAAEZ KAA<|)IZOY KOZOYAO or KOZOAA KOPON or XOPAN AYZIOY BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEni: AAEA<|)OZ MEfAAOY MENANAPOY MAYOY NIKIOY HAKOPOY EYEPPETOY <|)|AoEENOY Eni<|)ANOYZ YIOY God of the city of Karisi. Cunningham. Kushan (tribe). Satrap (gen.). King (gen.). Brother of the king. Great (gen.): Pali, mahanta. Great prince (gen.). Perhaps for Sk. palanakaha- masa, 'able to protect' (^«n.). Ksh not being a Prakrit com- bination of letters, we have not been able to find an example of it in Arian Pali, BendaU. Ulustrions : — for prattkshiyaaa (gen.) . BendalL Son (gen.). INTRODUCTION. Ixxv Indian. Greek equivalent. English rendering. Eajabalasa, Eamjarl bnlasa, &c. j Eajadirajasa or Bajaiajasa Sachadhramathidasa Sagaba Sampriyapita Sarvaloga isvarasa Spalagadamasa Spalahorasa Spalirisasa Stratasa Strategasa Teliphasa Theuphilasa Tradatasa Vrishabha Tavugasa or Yauasa PAIY BAZIAEnZ ) BAZIAEflN ) ZnAAIPIZoY ZTPATflNOZ THAE<|)OY OEOOIAOY ZriTHPOZ TAYPOZ King of kings (gen.). Steadfast in true law : — for eatya- dharmasthitasya (gen.). Ben- daU. Brother: — for sagarbha. Gun- ningham. To whom his father is very dear. This seems to be a rendering of the Greek (piKoTtardip. Cun- ningham. Prince of all the world {gen.). ZAOOY General (gen.), Greek (rrparriySs. Saviour : — perhaps for a Prakrit tra^iadatasa (gen.), of. Sk. tra- nakartri. Bendall. BuU. Yueh 1 (gen.). ( Ixxvi ) COREIGENDA. Page 68, no. i, & p. 69, nos. 9, 10 — The object described in the' text as a whip over the king's shoulder seems to be merely the falling ends of -the regal diadema, greatly exaggerated. On the coins of Azes and succeeding kings this view is adopted. Pp. 103, 105 — The first letter in the name of Gondophares (^) is transliterated sometimes as ga and sometimes as gu. It may stand for either, or even gam GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BAOTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Hetal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 131-9 255-8 M-1 iK,l-15 ANDEAGOEAS, KING OF PARTHIA? B.C. dr. 300. Gold. Bust of Zeus r,, wearing taenia; drapery round neck. behind, Wf . Head of a City r., wearing turreted crown. behind, WP. ANAPAroP[OY Warrior r., in quadriga driren by Nike, and drawn by four horned horses, galloping. [PI. I. 1.] Silver. ANAPAroPOY Pallas standing I., clad in chiton and peplos ; holds owl in r., 1. rests on shield which is adorned with Gorgon's head ; behind her, spear. [PI. I. 2.] GBBBK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverao. Reverse. 58-3 SOPHYTES, KING IN INDIA*. B.o. dr. 300. M& Head of the king r., in close - fitting helmet, bound with wreath ; wing on cheek-piece. on section of neck, M . Silver. ZflYTOY Cock r. ; above, cadu- ceus. [PI. I. 3.] DIODOTUa I., KING OF BACTHIA. No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. DIODOTUS I., KING OE BACTEIA. Eevolted dr. b.o. 250. (a) Gold. Head of the king r., diad. BAZIAEnZ Zeus striding to L, AlOAOTOY hurling thunder- bolt ; aegis on 1. arm ; at his feet, eagle 1. 1 130-3 ^•75 to L, wreath. [PL i. 4. J 2* 128-3 N-n „ „ [PL I. 5.] (;8) Silv&r. Head of the king r., diad. BAZIAEnZ Zeus striding to L, AIOAOTOY hurling thunder- bolt ; aegis on I. arm ; at his feet, eagle 1. 3 257-1 iRl-15 to L, wreath. [PL i. 6.] 4 255-7 ^105 „ crescent. [PL i. 7.] 5 6 235-2 62-3 ^1- M. -7 ,, mon. 1 to 1., M . [PL I. 8.] (7) Bronze. Head of Zeus r., laur. BA ZIAEHZ Artemis, clad in AlOAOTOY short chiton, running r. ; holds torch in both hands, quiver at shoulder; beside her, hound running r. 7 ^.-85 * The gold coins bearing an the symbols of wreath and sp are very common, and all from [PL I. 9.] elderly head of Diodotus, and on the reverse ear-hoad, are regarded as forgeries. They one die. GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA. No, wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Eeyerse. EUTHYDEMUS I., KING OF BACTEIA. (Successor of Diodotus II., cir. b.c. 220.) (a) Gold. Head of the king r., diad. BAZIAEnZ Herakles, bearded, EYeVAHMOY naked, seated 1. on rock ; in r., club, which also rests on rock. 1 129- jV-75 tol., rra. [PI. I. 10.] (/8) Silver; middle-aged portrait. Head of the king r., diad. BAZIAEX2Z Herakles, bearded, EVeYAHMOY naked, seated 1. on rock ; in r., club, which also rests on rock. 2 254-6 ^1-1 tor., «4». [PI. I. 11. J 3 256-5 ^1- )) » 4 244 2 ^1-1 „ „ ; below, N . [I, 0. C] 5 258'2 ^1- toL, rtf. [PI. 11. 1.] 6 252-5 .511-15 „ U . [I. 0. C. PI. II. 2.] 7 255- Mil i> » 8 257-7 MI-H5 ,, ,, [PI. u. 3.] 9 2ir2 Ml- (barbarous.) EUTHYDEMUS I., KING OP BACTRIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. Head of the king r., diad. B AZ 1 A EilZ Herakles, bearded, EYeVAHMOY naked, seated 1. on rock, on which is spread lion's skin ; in r. hand, club, which rests on his knee. 10 2524 ^1-15 to r., ^ , (traces of rock under club.) [PI. II. 4.] 11 249- ^1- „ „ (semi-barbarous.) 12 186-5 ^1- i> 1) »j (7) Silver; elderly portrait. Head of the king r., diad. BAZIAEHZ Herakles, bearded, EYGYAHMOY naked, seated 1. on rock, on which is spread lion's skiu ; in r. hand, club, which rests on his knee. 13 14 2567 60-8 ^1-1 ^•65 to r., ^ . [PI. II. 5.] |to r., R: . [PI. II. 6.] (S) Bronze. Head of bearded Herakles r., bare. BAZIAEnZ Free horse r., EYSYAHMOY prancing. 15 ^•85 16 ^■85 [I. 0. C. PI. 11. 7.] 17 ^•85 Head of Zeus r., laur. [I. 0. C] BAZIAEnZ Free horse r., EYOYAHMOY prancing. 18 M-7 to r., k . [I. 0. C. PI. II. 8.] GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACtKIA AND INDU. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Eeverse. DEMETEIUS, KING OF INDIA. (Son and successor of Euthydemus I.) (o) Silver. Bust of tlie Iring r., diad., wearing elephant's scalp. BAZIAEnZ Young Herakles, AHMHTPIOY facing; holds in 1. hand, club and lion's skin ; with r. hand, crowns himself with ivy-wreath. 1 259-5 ^1-3 to 1., ft . [PL II. 9.] 2 260-7 ^1-2 „ „ [I. 0. C] 3 263- Ml-35 4 220-2 M115 (plated) „ „ [1.0. C] 5 6 235-5 61- ^1-25 ^•85 „ Z; tor., A. (semi-barbarous.) toL, g:. [I. 0. C. PI. II. 10.] 7 55-5 ^-8 „ ^j tor.,®. [I. 0. C] 8 9 52-8 9- ^•8 ^-5 (countermark : Z , and Herakles crowning him- self.) ..A. (head, not bust.) to 1., ^ . . [PI. II. ll.J 10 9- ^-5 i> » 11 10-5 ^■5 „ „ [I. 0. C. PI. II. 12.] 12 10- ^-45 ., •*. DEMETRIUS, KING OF INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 13 14 15 16 ^1- ^1- ^1-35 iEM5 Bust of Herakles r., bearded, crowned with ivy ; lion's skin round neck, club over sboulder. ()8) Bronze. BAZIAEAZ Artemis, radiate, AHMHTPIOY facing, wearing short chiton ; holds in 1. hand, bow ; with r. hand, draws arrow from quiver at her shoulder. Gorgon-head, on round shield. Head of elephant r., beU hung round -neck. to I., 2 . [I. 0. C. PI. III. l.J BAZIAEnZ Trident. AHMHTPIOY to 1., ^ . BAZIAEflZ Caduceus. AHMHTPIOY tol.. [I. 0. C. PI. III. 2.] GBEBK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. EUTHYDEMUS II., KING OF INDIA. (Son and successor? of Demetrius.) (a) -Silver. Bust of the king r., diad. BAZIAEnZ Young Herakles, EYeVAHMOY facing, ivy- crowned ; holds in r. hand, wreath of ivy ; in 1. hand, club and lion's skin. 1 2 260-7 65-1 ^1-35 ^•75 ^ tol., Rr. [PL in. 3.] to 1., ■^ . 3 63-5 (plated) ^•75 ( Head of Apollo r,, laur. „ „ [PL in. 4.] P) NicJcel. BAZIAEnZ Tripod-lebes. EYeYAHMOY 4 118-2 NX -95 ( Head of Apollo .r., laur. toL, 4- [PL III. 5.] y) Bronze. BAZIAEX2Z Tripod-lebes. EYeYAHMOY 5 ^1-1 Head of bearded Herakles r., bare. to L, -^ . [PL III. 6.] BAZIAEIIZ Free horse r., EYeYAHMOY prancing. 6 M -9 [PL III. 7.] PANTALEON, KING OP INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 110-2 NI-95 ^■95 PANTALEON", KING OF INDIA. (Son and successor 1 of Demetrius.) (a) NicMl. Bust of young Dionysos r., wearing ivy-wreath ; thyrsos over .shoulder. BAZIAEflZ Panther to r., riANTAAEONTOZ 1. fore-paw raised. tol., EY1 (/3) Bronze, round. Bust of young Dionysos r., weajing ivy- wreath ; thyrsos over shoulder. BAZIAEnZ Panther to r., nANTAAEONTOZ 1. fore-paw raised. to I., A. [PI. III. 8.] (y) Bronze, square. iE-9 BAZIAEnZ Maneless lion r., riANTAAEONTOZ in incuse square. ? "J 1 {RajinePamr talevasa*). l/*A -0 .6 Female figure 1; with long pen- dants from her ears, clad in oriental dress with trousers ; holds in her r. hand a flower. M -95 [PI- "I- 9-] ^■85 [I. 0. C] * I repeat General Cimningham's reading of this inscription and those on the coins of Agathocles. The Indian inscription in the text is a facsimile taken from the inscriptions on the coins : some of the forms of letters seem abnormal. G 10 GREEK AND SOTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 251-2 2 263 '5 .111 -3 ^1-4 AGATHOCLES, KING OF INDIA. (Son and successor 1 of Demetrius.) (a) Silver ; with portraits of his predecessors. 261-2 AAEZANAPOY TOY iAinnoY Head of Alexander as Heraldes r., in lion's skin. AlOAOTOY Head of ZnTHPOZ Diodotus r., diad; EYGYAHMOY Head 0EOY of Euthy- demus I. r., diad. ^1-2 BAZIAEYONTOZ Zeus seated AFAeoKAEOYZ 1. on throne AIKAIOY with back; holds eagle and long sceptre. to 1., R: . [PI. IV. 1.] BAZIAEYONTOZ Zeus striding AfAeoKAEoYZ to I., hurUng AIKAIOY thunderbolt aegis on 1. arm ; at his feet, eagle 1, to 1., wreath ; to r., |^ . [PI. iv. 2.] BAZIAEYONTOZ Herakles, AfAeoKAEOYZ bearded, AIKAIOY naked, seated 1. on rock ; in r. hand, club, which rests on a rock. to r.. [PI. IV. 3.] (|8) Silver ; with his own portrait. Bust of the king r., diad. 240-8 ^1-2 63-6 ^-8 B AZ I A EnZ Zeus, facing, clad AfASOKAEOYZ in himation; holds in r. hand, three-headed Hekate who bears two torches ; in his 1. hand, long sceptre. tol., [PI. IV. 4. J [PL IV. 5.] AflATHOCLESj KING OF INDIA. 11 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. (y) Nicliel. Bust of Dionysos r., wear- ing ivy-wreath, thyrsos over shoulder. BAZI AEflZ Panther r., touch- AFAeOKAEOYZ ing a vine with his raised paw. 6 7 117-5 63-5 Nil- NI -65 • to 1., ■<^. [PI. IV. 6.] Ihelow, K. [PI. IV. 7.] (8) Bronze, round. Bust of Dionysos r., wear- ing ivy-wreath, thyrsos over shoulder. BAZI AEflZ Panther r., touch- AfAeoKAEOYZ ing a vine with his raised paw. 8 ^•9 to 1., R . [I. 0. C. PI. IV. 8.] (e) Bronze; square; bilingual. i\ X {Rdjine nJ\J xl^L; t Ueyasa). Female figure . 1. with long pendants from her ears, clad in oriental BAZIAEHZ Maneless lion r., AFAeoKAEOYZ in incuse square. drapery with trousers ; holds in her r. hand a flower. 9 M-% 10 M\-Of> K 11 MVQb ■ 12 J&\- [L 0. C. _P1. IV. 9.] 13 ^■8 JJ 14 iE-95 12 GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OP BACTHIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 15 M-75 262-3 260-5 252-3 59- 31-5 10-6 Ml-35 Ml-15 Ml-2 JR-8 M-i5 (0 Bronze ; square ; Indian legend. TA^t^7 {Aha- tJmJcreyasa). Buddhist stupa, surmounted by star. ^TY'^')^ {Hiduja Same). Tree in a square railed enclosure. letters? in field. [PI. iv. 10.] ANTIMACHUS, KING OF INDIA. (Descendant and successor of Diodotus?). Bust of the king r., diad., wearing causia. (o) Silver. BAZIAEnZ GEOY Poseidon, ANTIMAXOY facing, wear- ing himation and wreath; holds in r. hand, trident ; in 1., palm, bound with fillet. tor.,®. [PI. V. 1.] „ k. |tor., ®. |tor., bsj. [PI. V. 2.] I to r., R: . [I. 0. C. PI. V. 3.J EUORATIDES, KING OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA. 13 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 257-2 256-5 261- 261- 58-5 258-5 259 .31 1-2 ^1-3 ^1-3 ^1-3 M-1 EUCEATIDES, KING OF BACTEIA AND INDIA. (Contemporary of Antiochus IV. and Demetrius I. of Syria.) (a) Silver ; type, Apollo, Bust of the king r., diad. fillet-border. ^1-25 iRl-25 BAZIAEnZ ApoUo 1., clad in EYKPATIAOY chlamys and boots ; holds arrow and bow. to 1., M . [I. 0. C. PL V. 4.] [I. 0. C] (border of dots.) |tol., Kh [I. O.C. PI. V. 5.] (j8) Silver ; type. The Dioseuni. Bust of the king r., diad. ; fillet-border. BAZIAEI2Z The Dioscuri EYKPATIAOY charging r,, holding long lances and palms. below, f:. „ lAI. [PI. V. 6.j [I. 0. C] u GEBEKAND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. Bust of the king r., diad., and wearing helmet in the shape of a, causia, adorned •with ear and horn of hull, and crest : fillet-border. BAZIAEX2Z MEfAAOY EYKPATIAOY The Dioscuri charging r., holding long lances and palms. 8 261-2 Ml-35 below ■^. 9 258-2 Ml-35 „ IBI. [P1.V. 7.] 10 259-6 JRl-3 „ t¥. 11 258-8 Ml-2 » 1^. 12 258-7 MVd5 » 1} 13 258-2 Ml-3 „ W. [PI. V.8.] 14 244-5 Ml-35 to 1., ^ . [I. 0. C] 15 57-5 JR-8 below, ■^. [PI. V. 9.] 16 62-3 M-75 (border of dots.) 1) » 17 59-5 M-16 ( » ) „ N . (semi-barbarous.) 18 55-3 M-75 ( .. ) tol., 1^. (BAZI A EX2Z written ZlAEnZ). [t O.C] EUCRATIDBS, KING OP BACTKIA AND INDIA. 15 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 9-9 9-1 9-9 10-8 9-5 10- 9-2 7-3 (broken) (y) Silver ; type, Pilei of Dioscuri. Bust of the king r., diad, ^•45 A -45 iR-45 .51-5 .^•45 ^•45 ^•45 i5l-4 9-9 10-1 10- 6 (broken) BAZIAEnZ The pUei of the EYKPATIAOY Dioscuri, laur., surmounted by stars ; and two palms. below, ^ . [I. 0. C] „ bf- [I. 0. c. PI. V. 10.] ^•45 ^•45 ^•45 ^•4 „ K. „ lAI. [I. 0. C] [I. 0. C.J Bust of the king r., diad. and helmeted. BAZIAEnZ Similar type. EYKPATIAOY below, IA|. nr. [PI. V. ll.J [I. 0. C] GREEK AND 8CTTHI0 KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. (8) Bronze ; round ; type, Dioscuri. Bust of the king r., diad. and helmeted : fillet- border. BAZIAEnZ MEPAAOY EYKPATIAOY The Dioscuri charging r., holding long lances and palms. 31 ^•95 below, P^ . 32 Ml-05 1) ^i 33 M-9 „ eft. [1.0. C] 34 M-8 „ l?l . [I. 0. C. PL VI. 1.] Similar. Same inscr. One of the Dioscuri charging r., holding long lance. 35 ^•6 [PI. VI. 2.] (c) Bronze. ; square ; type, Dioscuri. BAZIAEHZ MErA- AOY EYKPATIAOY Bust of the king r., diad. and hehneted. I ^ ^ .'^ V {Maharajasa JEvu- T^'^-^^/ hratidasa ai Eu- kratidasa). The Dioscuri charging r., holding long lances and palms. 36 iE-85 tol., 1^; tor., E. [I.O.C. PLvr.3.] 37 ^•75 )> 11 » >i [1. 0. C.J 38 ^•9 >i » j> 11 39 ^•8 • „ -$".. EUCRATIDES, KING OF BACTEIA AND INDIA. 17 No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. " Beverae. BAZIAEnS MEfA- AOY EYKPATIAOY Bust of the king r., diad. and helmeted. lil^.'V'V {Mdharajasa Evu- !I1**1 •2'.7 / kratidasa or Eiir kratidasa). The Dioscuri charging r., holding long lances and palms. 40 .iE-95 tor., ^. 41 ^•9 „ Fl. 42 M-9 „ M. 43 M-25 » )> 44 JE-85 „ ij]. 45 M-85 „ ^. [I.O.C.] 46 'M-85 ,. I^T- ,1 47 M-9 ., ^. 48 M-9 » 1^. 49 ^■85 „ l^. 50 ^•8 „ n. (:7for:7). 51 ^■9 „ M. [I.O.C.] 52 53 ^■9 ^•7 ' >j tor.,|^. [I. 0. C] 54 M-65 ., *. 55 M-7 « [I. 0. C, PI. VI. 4.] 18 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Keverse. 56 57 58 59 60 61 ^•6 ^•6 ^■65 M-7 M-65 M-9 BAZIAEflZ MEfA- AOY EYKPATIAOY Head of the king r., diad., without helmet. I^'T^V {Maharajasa Evu- I"!"*!-^^/ Tcratidasa). The pilei of the Dioscuri surmounted by stars, and two palms. [I. 0. C. PI. VI. 5.] (X) Bronze; sqiiare; type, Nike. BAZlAEnZ MEPA- AOY £YKPATIA0Y Bust of the king r., diad. and helmeted. T^V j^ {Maharajasa Uvu- y\^2^:7/ Tcratidasa). Nike 1., bearing wreath and palm. to 1., cp . „ „ [I. 0. C. PI. VI. 6.] Similar? (obscure coin). MEfAAoY BAZIA- EnZ EYKPATIAOY Bust of the king 1., helmeted, striking with spear. Same inscr.? Nike r., bearing wreath and palm. Same inscr. Nike r., bearing wreath and palm. to T.,\^. [I. 0. C. PI. VI. 7.] HELIOCLES AND LAODICE. 19 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Eeverse. 63 M-1 251-4 61-1 {rj) Bronze; square; type, Zetis. BAZIAEnZ MEfA- AOY EYKPATIAOY Bust of the king r., diad. and helmeted. 'l7'\'^l£Ah*^1^ {Karisiye nagara devaia 1 *). Zeus seated 1. on throne; holds wreath and palm; in front, forepart of elephant r. ; behind, conical object. tor., OC. [PL VI. 8.] EUCEATIDES, WITH HELIOCLES AND LAODICE. (Father and mother of Eucratides.) ^1-25 M- BAZIAEYZ MEPAZ EYKPATIAHZ Bust of Eucratides r., diad. and helmeted. (fillet-border). Silver. H A lO K A EOYZ Busts jugate r. KAI AAOAIKHZ ofHeliocles, with bare head ; and Laodice, diad. to 1., lAI . (fillet-border). [I. 0. C. PI. VI. 9.] Itol., lAI. [PL VI. 10.] * This is the conjectural reading of Gen. Cunningham, who interprets, ' the god of the city of Kariei.' These coins are sometimes restruok upon money of Apollodotus : it seems, however, not improbable that they may have been issued after the death of Eucratides. See Introduction. 20 GEEBK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTKIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. MetaL Size. Obverse. Reverse. 249- iRl-3 Bust of the king r., diad. and wearing helmet adorned with ear and horn of bull, and crest : fiUet-border. PLATO. B.O. 166. (Contemporary of Eucratides.) (a) Silver. BAZIAEAZ Eni«|)ANOYZ rjAATIlNOZ HeHos r., ra- diate, clad in chiton and chlamys; in quadriga. to r., M: in ex., PML* [Pl.vi. 11.] (year 147 of the Seleucid era.) * The P can scarcely be considered a certainty, but a down stroke visible, which seems to prove that a third letter existed. HELIOCLES. 21 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 9 10 HELIOCLES. (Son or brother of Eucratides.) (a) Silver ; Cfreek inscription ; Attic weight. Bust of the king r., diad. : fillet-border. 261-2 258- 259-7 249-8 246 6 240-8 205-1 58-9 56-7 56-8 M\-3 Ml-25 Ml-25 Ml-15 Ml-i Ml-3 ^105 (plated) ^■8 ^•8 ^-8 BAZIAEnZ Zeus, laur., HAIOKAEOYZ facing, clad in A I K A I O Y himation ; holds winged thunderbolt and long sceptre. tol., Kf. [PI. VII. 1.] „ „ [LO.C] „ 5. [PL VII. 2.] in ex., nr. to 1., E . ^ [1. 0. c] in ex., nr. [PI. vii. 3.] „ A or A . to 1., lAl ■ (inscr. semi-barbarous.) [I. 0. C] 22; GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Obverse. Eeverse. 11 13 .14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 (;S) Barbarous copies in bronze. Ml-2 M\-2 Ml-l M\-\ M\-U Ml-l M-n M-7 M-7 M-6 Eude copy of bust of Heliocles r., diad. : fillet- border. Similar. Barbarous degradation of — BAZIAEnZ Zeus, facing; HAIOKAEOYZ holds thunder- AIKAIOY bolt and long sceptre. [I. 0, C] [I. 0. C] (restruck on type next described.) B AZI A EI2Z Horse trotting ], HAIIAEYZ AIIAIY (varied). [I. 0. C] [I. O. C] [PL VII. 4.] [I. 0. C] HELIOCLES. 23 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obyerse. Reverse. (Another Heliocles?). (y) Silver ; Indian inscription ; Persian weight. 22 23 24 25 146-4 34'5 34-2 26-3 JSilOb ^•65 ^•65 ^•65 BAZIAEHZ AIKAI- OY HAIOKAEOYZ Bust of the king r., diad. , T^H'lT^^.'^V {Mahdrajasa T^ A 2? A •'1'^ dhramilcasa Heliyakreyasa). Zeus, laui., facing, clad in himation ; holds 'winged thunderholt and long sceptre. toL, lOP. [I. O.C. Pl.vn. 5.] 26 27 ^•85 ^•85 tol., Z. [I. O.C. PI. VII. 6.] (8) Bronze ; square. BAZIAEnZ AIKAI- OY HAIOKAEOYZ Bust of the king r., diad. TT'M'JT^^.'^^ (Mdhdrajasa, r A ^ A *t] '^ dfiramikasa Heliyakreyasa). ' Elephant 1. below, fW, 24 GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 28 29 30 31 iE-8* ^•85 ^•8 iE-95 BAZIAEI2Z AIKAI- OY HAIOKAEOYZ Bust of the king r., diad,, bearded. BAZIAETIZ AIKAI- OY HAIOKAEOYZ Elephant r. yh M'i T ;^ 'n.~ V {Maharajasa ^ A^ A «tj/4> dhramihaea Heliyakreyasa). Elephant 1. below, Z. above, K. (inscr. ends A;re-«a-s«). [L 0. C. PL VII. 7.] Same inscr, Indian bull r. [I. 0. C. PL VII. 8.] to L, P] . * Restruck on a coin of Strato, the characters ^2 r remaining on the reverse from previous striking. ANTIALOIDAS. 25 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Beveree. 257-2 34-5 36-4 38- 37-9 Ml-35 M-e5 M-65 M-7 M'65 ANTIALCIDAS, (a) Silver; Attic weight. Bust of the king r., diad. ; fillet-border. BAZIAEnZ NIKHoPOY ANTIAAKIAOY Zeus, laur., seated 1. on throne ; holds in r,, Nike, who bears wreath and pahn; in 1., long sceptre; in field 1., fore- part of elephant with bell round neck, who raises his trunk. tor., )?(. [I. 0. C. PI. VII. 9.] {P) Silver ; Indian weight. BAZIAETIZ NIKH- 0P0Y ANTIAA- KIAOY Bust of Zeus r., bare-headed ; thun- derbolt over 1. shoulder^ T^ ?A^ T^ "1.~V {Maha- T"l%'*17^(?)7 rajqsa jayadharasa Amtialikidasa). Lau- reate pilei of the Dioscuri, sur- mounted by stars j between them, two palms. tol., ^; tor., Z. [PL viir. 2.] J) ^* i IS J) )> A 5 )> )) I) » » » [I- 0- C.] » IvI 23 GIIKEK AND SCYTHIO KIKGIS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size'. Obverse. Eeveree. 26 27 28 29 30 31 BAZIAEnZ NIKH- <|)OPoY ANTIAA- KIAOY Bust of Zeus r., lam., with, hand hurl- ing thunderbolt. iE-75 ^•75 M'7 M-7 M-85 7^ ?A:d t:j ^.'^v {Mdhd- y^%'*]?^(%)? raiasa jayadharasa AmtialiMdasa). Lau- reate pilei of the Di«scuii, sur- mounted by stars ; between them, two palms. toL, R:. „ ft. above, „ [PI. vm. 3.] Same inscr., blundered. Aegis. iE-85 Same inscr., blundered. Palm and wreath. below, 101 . [I. 0. C. PL Tin. 4.] LTSIAS. 29 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Keverse. LYSIAS. (a) Silver. BAZIAEflZ ANIKH- TOY AYZIOY Bust of the king r., diad. T 7? ^ '^ {Maharajasa apadihdtasa IddJcasa) . Young Herakles, facing ; holds in 1. hand, club, palm, and lion's skin; with r. hand crowns himself with vine- leaves. 1 30-8 ^•65 to 1., ^ ; to r., Z , [PI. VIII. 5.] 2 37-4 ^•7 (king wears elephant's scalp). „ „ „ „ (palm not visible.) 3 37-9 ^■7 II 11 „ „ „ „ [LO.C. Pl.vm.6.] 4 34-4 ^•7 II II „ )?(. [LO.C] 5 36- ^•7 11 II 1, k 6 33-5 ^•65 (king helmeted). » «v > II II 7 36-4 ^•65 ij II )?{• (king's name written T 7 ^ H^ , Lisiasa. ) [PL viii. 7.] (/8) Bronze; round. BAZIAEnZ ANIKH- TOY AYZ[lOY Bust of bearded Herakles r. ; club and palm over shoulder. Y ^ '^ +1 (Maharajasa apadihatasa Lisikasa), Elephant r., walking. 8 M-95 below, )f( . [PL Tin. 8.] 30 GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. (y) Bronze; square. 9 10 11 12 13 14 M-75 ^•75 iE-85 BAZIAEnZ ANIKH- TOY AYZloY Bust of bearded Herakles r. ; lion's skin round neck, and club over shoulder, T/^'t"*1 {Mdhdrajasa apadihatasa lAsikasa). Elephant r., walking. ■> below, S Z . [PI. viu. 9.] If If is l> »l 1> above, K . below, 101 . „ )?(. (king's name written "F 7 '^ ''I > Lisiasa.') . DI0MBDE3. 31 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 34-8 35- 33-5 33-1 /U-65 M-G5 M-65 M-e5 M-8 iE-85 ^•85 M-75 DIOMEDES. (a) Silver ; type, Dioscuri, standing. BAZIAEHZ ZflTH- POZ AIOMHAOY Bust of the king r., diad. ^king helmeted). T'l'lXT^'l'^*-' (Maharajasa "Y ^WA.^ tradatasa Diya- medasa). The Dioscuri, facing, holding lances. to r., ^ . [PI. viii. 10.] tol., „ [PI. VIII. 11.] (J3) Silver ; type, Dioscuri, mounted. BAZIAEnZ ZI2TH- POZ AIOMHAOY Bust of the king r., diad. (king helmeted). T*1^'\T2i'n~«-' (Maharajasa T ^^/\^ tradatasa Diya- viedasa). The Dioscuri, charging r., holding long lances and pahns below, 1^. [PI. VIII. 12.] [PL VIII 13.] (■y) Bronze; square. BAZIAEnZ znTH- POZ AIOMHAOY The Dioscuri, facing, holding lances. " T'n'lXT2:!^.'^*=' {M&Mrajasa 'Y^ ^ A^ tradatasa Diya- medasa). Indian bull r. below, i^. [PI. VIII. 14.] „ zS. 32 GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reveree. 139- 36-, 36-3 ^1-05 M-65 147-6 34-4 AECHEBIUS. (a) Silver. BAZIAEnZ AIKAI- OY NIKHOPOY APXEBIOY Bust of the king 1., diad., wear- ing aegis and thrusting with spear. (king helmeted). to r., iae' . [PI. IX. 2.] [PI. IX. 3.] T A 41^7 (^Mahdrajasa dhramikasa jayadharasa Arlthe- hiyasa). Zeus, facing, clad in hima- tion ; holds long sceptre in 1. hand, and hurls thunderbolt with r. to 1,, Eti . [I. 0. C. PI, IX. 4.J to 1., g: ; to r., ^. [L 0. C. PL IX. 5.] (/8) Bronze; round. BAZIAEnZ AIKAI- OY NIKH<|)OPoY APXEBIOY NikeL, holding wreath and palm. iEl- T A ^^7 (Mdhdrajasa dhramikasa jayadharasa Arkhe- biyasa). Owl r. tor.,rM. [PL IX. 6.] AEOHEBIUB. 33 wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse , ^1- ^•9 (y) Bronze; square. BAZIAEnZ AIKAI- •Y NIKH<|)«P«Y APXEBI-Y Elephant r. TA+l*^? {MdMrajasa dhramikasa jayadhardsa Arkhe- hiyasa). Owl r. below, W1 . [PI. IX. 7.] [I. 0. C] 34 GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Keverse. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 31-1 30-8 M-6 M'6 37-9 37-8 37-8 37-7 38- 36-3 37-5 38- 37-9 12 18-3 APOLLODOTUS I. (a) Silver ; round ; Attic weight. BAZIAEflZ AnoA- AOAOTOY ZnTH- POZ Elephant r., band roimd body. (Mdhdrajasa Apaladatasa trada- tasa). Indian bull r. [PI. IX. 8.] [I. 0. C] (j8) Silver ; square ; Indian weiglit. BAZIAEnZ AnoA- AOAOTOY ZHTH POZ Elephant r., band round body. ^•65 below. R:- M-m *j H M-Q5 »j ?» M-Q j> M. M-Q jj J) M-&b >) >) .51-65 j> r+1. ^•65 SJ m. ^•6 >> )> Mb below ,EE {Mdharajasa Apaladatasa trada- tasa). Indian bull r. below, A . ( T'n'lX in inscr.) [PI. IX. 9.] i> ^ • )> .. W • „ A. » „ [1. 0. C] „ A. „ rt. (O on bull's bump.) [I. 0. C] [I. 0. C] APOLLODOTUS I. 35 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Eeverse. 13 U 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ^•9 iE-95 ^■85 i[!3-85 ^■95 M-9 M-9 M-9 ^V iG-9 M-75 (y) Bronze; square. BAZIAEnZ AnoA- AOAOTOY ZI2TH- POZ Apollo, laur., facing ; holds in r. hand, arrow ; in 1., bow. tol., ftl. {Mahdrajasa Apaladatasa trada- tasa). Tripod on stand, in square of dots. [PI. IX. 10.] to r., K . rt. „ f^ „ ih. [I. 0. C] [I. 0. C] hpl. „ 1. [I-O.C] „ z [PI. IX. 11. J 36 GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OF BiOTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 39 ^•9 ^•85 iE-95 ^■9 ^•9 .^■9 ^•8 JE-7 M-1 iE-75 ^■9 ^•75 M-m M-7 BAZIAEilZ AnoA- AOAOTOY ZflTH- POZ ApoUo, laur., facing ; holds in r. hand, arrow ; in 1., bow. to 1., 'El . (Jdahdrajasa Apaladatasa trada- tasa). Tripod on stand, in square of dots. ITT. M-5 (inscr. blundered.) ( ., ) ( ., ) [I. 0. C] to 1., B . to r., 2 . A~ " EP(?) to 1., T? . [I. 0. C. PI. IX. 12.] to r., M . " M. tol., „ to r., M . ,, fft. [I. O. C] [I. 0. C] (5) Bronze; square ; perhaps of Apollodottis. Tripod, in square of dots. Indian bull r., in square of dots. ? [I. q. c. PI. IX. 1.3.] APOLLODOTUS II., PHILOPATOR. 37 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 128-5 MV15 APOLLODOTUS IL, PHILOPATOK. (a) Silver. 37-2 37-3 36-1 3C- 36-8 35-4 37-8 M-75 M-65 M-7 M-7 M-1 BAZIAEX2Z MErA- AOY ZflTHPoZ KAI IAonATO- POZ AFIOAAOAO- TOY Bust of the king r., diad. (Maharajasa , tradatasa Apdlada- tasa). Pallas 1., holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling thun- derbolt. tol.. [PI. X. 1.] BAZIAEflZ ZilTH- POZ KAI IAO- riAToPoZ AROA- AOAOTOY Similar bust. ^•65 ^•6 Similar. tol, [PI. X. 2.] to 1., uncertain letter; to r., [PI. X. 3.] to r,, |S^ . ,. A- BAZIAEXIZ ZflTH- PoZ AFIOAAOAO- TOY Similar bust. Similar. tol., 'i^; tor., ^. [L 0. C." PI. X. 4. J 38 GEBBK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 (/8) Bronze; round. BAZIAEnZ ZflTH- POZ AFIOAAOAO- TOY Apollo r., clad in chlamys and boots, holding with, both hands an arrow ; a quiver at his shoulder. iEl-25 ^1-05 tol.,^. (Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada- tasa). Tripod. to 1., J ; to r., ^ . [PI. X. 5.] (•y) Bronze; square. Ml- BAZIAEHZ ZriTH- POZ AfloAAoAO- TOY Apollo facing, clad in chlamys and boots ; quiver behind shoulder; holds in 1. hand, bow ; in r., arrow, which rests on the ground. {Makarajasa tradatasa Apalada- tasa). Tripod. to 1., ^ ; to r., 1| . [PI. X. 6.] .^•95 ^•8 Same inscr. Apollo r., clad in chlamys and boots ; holds with both hands ah arrow ; a quiver at his shoulder. Same inscr. Tripod. to 1., T ; to r., club. {flan of coin round), [PI. x. 7.] mons. obscure. to I., '^ ; to r., ■^ . (type within square of dots.) to r., M . „ [I. 0. C. PI. X. 8.] APOLLODOTUS II., FHILOPATOR. 39 No. Wt. 16 17 18 19 20 Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZIAEnZ ZfiTH- POZ KAI <|>IAO- HATOPOZ AnoA- 'AOAOTOY Apollo r., clad in cUamys and boots ; holds in r. hand, arrow ; in 1., bow. (type within square of fillet-pattern.) {Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada- tasa). Tripod. to r., men. (type within square of fillet-pattern). M -65 JB-6 M-^ BAZIAEnZ znTH POZ KAI 01 AO- HATOPOZ AnoA- AOAOTOY Similar type. {Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada- tasa). Tripod. to r., [PI. X. 9.J Similar type, within square of fiUet-pattem. {Maharajasa tradatasa Aj>alada- tasa). Diadema. ^,40 GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 10 133-3 31-3 36-2 33-3 Ml-05 M-7 M-65 35-8 35-5 37-6 35-4 t34-4 32-2 ^•7 M-65 M.-6 VR-65 BAZIAEflZ Eni4>A- NOYZ ZnTHPoZ ZTPATHNOZ Bust of tlie king r., diad. (king wears helmet.) STEATO I. (a) Silver, r IE (Mdhdrajasa praticKhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Pallas L, holding with L hand aegis, and with r. hurling thunderbolt, to 1., ^, [PI. X. 10.] tol., ^. „ ft. [PI. X. 11.] BAZIAEnZ ZilTH POZ ZTPATHNOZ Bust of the king r., diad. (king helmeted.) .... PONOZA inscr. . . . NOZ TI^XT^ii'l.'^V {Maharajasa f\ i tradatasa Stra- tasa). Similar type. to 1., 101. [PLx. 12.] „ 1 ; to r., *1 ^ . (semi-barbarous.) » I j J) H • )> [I.O.C. Pl.x. 13.] " I j » )> ^ • ,, " i( )> [PI. X. 14.] [I.O.C.] (last line of inscr. padayashasa ?). • Or H cha, prackichhaia. t This is one oi the coins sometimes wrongly given to an imaginary king, Rosastonos. STRATO I. 41 iNo. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 11 32-7 12 13 14 15 16 ^•65 ^1- ^•95 ^■85 BAZIAEnZ ZflTH POZ AIKAIOY ZTPATilNOZ Bust of tlie king r., diad. T^ 2 {Mahdrajasa tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa). Pallas r., holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling thunderholt. to 1,101. [PI. XI. l.J (;8) Bronze; round. BAZIAEnZ EniA- NOYZ ZnTHPOZ ZTPATilNOZ Bust of Apollo r., laur.; hair in queue. T^^ {Mahdrajasa pratichhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Bow and quiver, with strap. to 1., k ■ [PI. XI. 2.] (y) Bronze ; square ; type, AjwUo. BAZIAEilZ EniA- NOYZ ZnTHPOZ ZTPATI2NOZ Apollo, facing; holds in r. hand, arrow; in 1., bow. "Y^^ {Mahdrajasa pratichhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Tripod-lebes, on stand. to 1., ■&; to r., H . [I. 0. C. PI. XI. 3.] „ rfl. [I.O.C] >> ^^ • „ "X ; to r., 'n and nion. [I. 0. C] 42 GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. ReTerae. (8) Bronze ; square ; type, Nike. BAZIAEnZ znTH- POZ ZTPATHNOZ Bust of bearded Hera- kles r. ; over shoulder, club bound with, taenia. 17 18 19 M-8 iE-85 ^•8 T^2 T"i^X T^"i.~v {Maharajasa tradatasa Stratasa). Nike r., holds wreath and palm. tor., 1^. [I. 0. C. PI. XI. 4.] [I. 0. C] BAZIAEilZ ZriTH POZ AIKAIOY ZTPATriNOZ Similar type. 20 .^•9 'F *! 2 {Maharajasa tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa). Similar type. to r., 101 . [PI. XI. 5.] AGATHOCLBIA, WITH STEATO. 43 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Eeverse. M -8 ^•8 AGATHOCLEIA, WITH STEATO. (a) Bronze ; square. BAZIAIZZHZ eEO- TPonoY AFAeo- KAEIAZ Bust of the Queen r., helmeted. TT'S'i T"i^\ y^^'^ y^i (Jdaharaja^a tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa). Herakles seated 1. on rock ; holds in r. hand, club, which rests- on knee (type of Euthydemus). - to 1., |0P. [PI. XI. 6.] [I. 0. C] 44 GREEK AND SOTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. wt. Metal. Size. ObYerse. Reverse. MENANDER. (a) Silver. BAZIAEflZ ZnTH- POZ MENANAPOY Bust of the king r., diad. T*n1.\Tv]^.'^V (Mahamjasa y.*\£vl-/ trddatasa Mena- drusa). Pallas 1., holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurliii^ thunderholt. ' ■ 1 150-9 ^105 tol., Z; tor,)?(. [LO. C] 2 148 6 ^1- 1) f) If }f 3 149- ^1- „ W. [PL XI. 7.] 4 142-7 Ml- (king helmeted). „ „ „ Z. [1.0. C] 5 149-8 Ml-l » „ „ „ „ [PI. XI. 8.] 6 381 M-e (king helmeted). to I-., E . 7 37- Ml »> „ )?(. 8 37-5 M7 ?> ,> PC- « 9 34-8 M-6 )j to 1., „ 10 37-8 M 65 J? tor.,|$l. 11 38- M-65 n „ ,, [PI. XI. 9.] MENANDBR. 45 No. Wt. Metal. Size. ObTerse. Reverse. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 37-8 ^•7 37-8 ^-7 39- 34-8 33-6 37-6 37-4 38- 341 37-5 36- 37-7 37-3 37- ^•7 M-G5 M-7 ^■7 ^■7 ^•65 ^•75 ^•65 M-65 M-65 M-7 BAZIAEnZ ZflTH- T^'l-\T^^.~V (Maharafasa POZMENANAPOY ^ Wf J trltasa Jenc Bust of the king r., diad. , .\ 1^ ,, i i. u- • i ° drasa). Pallas 1., holding m 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling thunderbolt. (king helmeted). to r., [I. 0. C] to 1., ^ . to r., „ „ E- to ]., S . „ „ ; to r., 1^. I) W- „ )?(. to r., „ [I. 0. C] [PI. XI. lO.J 46 GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 26 27 28 29 30 36-3 39' 38-3 38- BASIAEnS ZflTH- POZ MENANAPOY Bust of the king r., diad. ^■65 ^•7 ^■75 38-7 ^-7 31 32 33 34 35 36-6 37-1 37-3 37-8 38- T'n^-'T.Tsl'n-'^V (Maharajasa T"*\.£^ trddatasa Mma- drasa). Pallas 1., holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling thunderbolt. tol., )?{; tor., r. [I. 0. C] „ Z; „ )?(. tor., 1^. ^■7 A -65 ^•75 Same insor. Bust of the king 1., wearing aegis and thrusting with spear. Similar. tol.,)^. tor., M. „ m. » Ivl • MENANDBE. 47 No. wt, Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZIAEnZ znxH- POZ MENANAPOY Bust of the king 1., ■wear- ing aegis and thiusting with spear. T^1.\T^^-'^V (Maharajasa 'P.'\£W trddatasa Menor drdsa). Pallas r., holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r. hurling thunderbolt. 36 38-2 ^•7 tol.,^. 37 38- /R-7 ij )j 38 37-8 ^•65 „ m. 39 37-7 ^■7 tor., ^. [I. 0. C. PL XI. 11. J 40 38-2 ^■65 }> )? 41 37-8 ^■65 toi, m. 42 37-9 ^■7 I) nrl ■ 43 38-2 ^•65 » W • (fi) Bronze; square; loith portrait. BAZIAEnZ znTH- POZ MENANAPOY Bust of the king 1., diad., wearing aegis and thrusting with spear. T^^XTil*1.~V (Maharajasa 7'."\£vU tradatasa Mena- drdsa). Pallas r., holding in ]. hand aegis, and with r. hurling thunderbolt. 44 Ji]-85 tor., 4^. 45 .E-8 »J >» 46 M-9 „ E . [I. 0. C. PI. XI. 12.] 48 QBEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BA.CTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. ObTerso. Reverse. 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 iEM (7) Bronze ; square ; with head uf Pallas. BAZIAEflZ ZnTH- POZ MENANAPOY Bust of Pallas r., wear- ing crested helmet. ^•85 M-9> M-7b M-d, M-1b Similar. Similar. T^^XT^^I.^^^ {Maharajasa "Y \.Z.^ tradatasa Mena- drasa). Horse r., prancing. below, 1^ . Same inscr. Nike r. ; holds wreath and palm. to r., ft . [I. 0. C] „ ^. [I. O. C. PI. XI. 13.] „ E- » J) „ m . » W- Same inscr. Nike 1. ; holds wreath and palm. to 1., 1^ ; to r., B . [I. 0. C] „ •^ ; „ „ [PI. XII. l.J „ B. [I. 0. C] MENANDEB. 49 No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZIAEnZ ZflTH- POZMENANAPOY Bust of Pa,lla,R r., wear- ing crested helmet. (Maharajasa tradatasa Mena- drdsa). Round buckler; Gorgon- head in the midst. 59 ^•85 below, M . [PL XII. 2.] 60 iE-85 „ m. 61 ^•85 toi., M. 62 M -9 „ „ [I. O.C. PI. XII. 3.] Similar. Same inscr. Owl r. 63 ^•8 to r., 101 . [I. 0. C. PI. XII. 4.] (8) Bronze ; square ; Apollive types. BAZIAETIZ ZnTH- POZ MENANAPOY Ox-head, facing. {Mahdrajasa tradatasa Mena- drdsa). Tripod-lebes. 64 ^■9 to 1., ft . 65 M-9 ?» )J 66 M-9 „ *-' ; to r., 1^ . [PI. XII. 5.] H GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. (c) Bronze ; square ; Herdldeian types. BAZlAEnZ znTH- POZ MENANAPOY Elephant's head r., bell round neck. {Mdhdrajasa tradatasa Mena- drdsa). Club upwards. 67 M-65 toL, 1^; tor., A. 68 .^•55 „ „ „ „ [PI. XII. 6.] 69 ^•6 „ A; „ ^. 70 M-6 „ ,, „ „ [I.O. C] 71 JE-55 below, A. tor., T. 72 M-55 ., o. ., ^. (Q Bronze ; square ; type, wheel. BAZIAEnZ znTH- POZ MENANAPOY Wheel. (^Mdhdrajasa tradatasa Mena- drdsd). Palm. 73 JE-5 to r., mon. [I. 0. C. PI. xii. 7.] (j;) Bronze ; square ; with title Sikoios. BAZIAEnZ AIKAI- •Y MENANAP«Y Pallas 1., holds patera? and spear, against which leans shield. (Mdhdrajasa dhramikasa Mena- drdsa) Maneless Indian lion 1. 74 iE-85 below, ^ . DIONYSIUS. 51 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. M-9 38- M-7 EPANDER. (a) Bronze. BAZIAEnZ NIKH- oPoY EHANAPOY Nike advancing r. ; holds wieath and palm. (Mdharajasa jaijadharasa Epa- drdsa). Indian bull r. below, l£ R: . [I. 0. C. PI. XII 8.] iE-85 ^•8 DIONYSIUS. (a) Silver. BAZIAEnZ znxH- POZ AIONYZIOY Bust of the king r., diad. BAZrAEHZ zriTH- POZ AIONYZIOY ApoUor.jCladin chlamys and boots; holds in both hands an arrow ; a quiver at his back. y*n*l\T^^~"-' (Maharajasa *P A ^ -9 7 ^ tradatasa Dianisiyasd) . Pallas 1. ; holding in 1. hand, aegis ; and with r., hurling thunderbolt. to r., ^ . [I. 0. C. PI. XII. 9.] (/3) Bronze. TA^^-f 7^ T"i^\ y:^^^^ (^Maharajasa tradatasa Dianisi- yasa). Tripod. to 1., "^ ; to r., r+1. [I. 0. C] mons. obscure. 52 GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. ZOILUS. (a) Silver ; with title BiKaw. baziaehz AiKAr- OY iniAOY Bust of the king r., diad. 37-4 38 M-7 M-65 (Maharajasa dhramilcasa Jhdi^ lasa). Herakles facing, crowned with ivy; holds in r. hand, wreath; in 1., chib and lion's skin. tol.,t^. [PL XII. 10.] [I. 0. C] (yS) Silver ; with title a-oyr^p. BAZIAEnZ ZflTH POZ iniAOY Bust of the king r., diad. 34'8 37-4 37-6 36-6 34-4 382 ^•65 yR-65 ^•8 ^■6 ^•7 ^■7 Z in inscr. T*1*l\T7^'^«-» (Maharajasa I'iT'^ tradatasa Jho'ilasa). PaUas I. ; holding in L hand, aegis ; and with r., hurl- ing thimderbolt. tol., ?; tor., ^. [I.O.C. PL XII. 11.] „ ^; „ „ [I. 0. C] f\j [I. O. C] ZOILUS. 53 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 10 11 (y) Bronze ; round. .^1-25 BAZIAEnZ ZflTH- POZ ICOIAOY Apollo r., clad in chlamys and Loots ; holds in both hands an arrow; a quiver at his back ; in. field 1., small elephant. ^•75 Ml- Elephant r. Y'n'n'XT'V^'^'-' {Maharajasa T*^^^ tradatasa Jhdilasa). Tripod. tol., ^; tor., 7. [Pl.xii. 12.] SimOar. to 1., H; to r., 7- (double-struck). (5) Bronze; square. BAZIAEHZ ZnTH- POZ iniAOY ApoUo r., clad in chlamys and boots ; holds in both hands an arrow; a quiver at his back. tol .^. (Maharajasa tradatasa Jhdilasa). Tripod. to 1., 7 ; to r., T' . [PI. XII. 13.] 54 GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reveree. 36-3 37-8 ^•65 M-65 M-8 APOLLOPHANES. BAZIAEIIZ ZflTH- POZ AnoAAOA- NOY (sic) Bust of the king r., helmeted; diadem tied round the helmet. (o) Silver. T*1*1'1.T^*T^»-' {Maharajasa T S 7^ 'I lA 7 tradatasa Apulaphanasa). Pallas 1. ; hold- ing in 1. hand, aegis ; and with r. hulling thunderbolt. to 1., 0'' ; to r., ^ . [PI. xm. 1.] » J) ), n [!• O- C.] AETEMIDOEUS. (o) Bronze; square,. BAZIAEnZ ANI- KH[ToYAP]TEMI- AilPOY Artemis, facing; holds in 1., how, and with r., draws arrow from quiver at her back. y *1 "nvp^^ti 7 {Maharajasa apadihatasa Artemidorasa). Humped bull r. below, ^ . [PI. XIII. 2.] ANTIMACHUS IX., NICEPHORUS. 55 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. ANTIMACHUS II., MCEPHORUS. (a) Silver. BAZIAEnZ NIKH- <|)OPoY ANTIMA- XOY Nike 1. ; holds palm and wreath. (Mdhdrajasa jayadharasa Amti- makhasa). The king, wearing cansia, diadem, and chlamys, on horseback r. 1 37-6 ^•65 tol., ^. [PI. XIII. 3.] 2 37-5 ^•65 )J » 3 37-8 .51 -65 )3 l^* 4 38-4 ^■7 )) J) [I. 0. C] 5 37-8 ^•7 „ M 6 37-5 ^■6 )j >) 7 37-8 ^•65 >j j> [I. 0. C] 8 38-3 ^•65 „ m. 9 36-7 ^■7 )) jj (;3) Bronze; square. BAZIAEnZ NIKH- <|>oPOY ANTIMA- XOY Aegis : in the midst, Gorgon-head. {Mdhdrajasa jayadharasa Amti- makliasa). Wreath and palm. 10 ^■8 below, 1^ . [PI. XIII. 4.] 56 GREEK AND BCTTHIC KINGS OP BAC'TRIA AND INDIA. No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Eeverse. PHTLOXENUS. (a) Silver; round. BAriAEnZ ANIKH TOY OrAoHENoY Bust of tlie king r., diad. y^'^*-\i^ (Maharajasa apadihatasa PMlasinasa). King, helmeted and diad., on horseback r. j horse prancing. 1 151-4 ^1-05 below, C^ . (-^ for **! in inscr.). 2 150-8 ^1-2 „ 1^. [PI. XIII. 5.] 3 149- ^1-05 (king hfilmeted). „ Z S. [PI. XIII. 6.] (^) Silver; square. BAZIAEHZ ANIKH- TOY IA0ZEN0Y Bust of the king r., diad. TC,'^'^'^ (MahdrajoM apadihatasa Phild*sinasa). King, helmeted and diad., on horseback r. ; horse prancing. 4 36-8 M-65 below, )0( . [I. 0. C. PI. XIII. 7.] 5 33-3 A -65 „ Z H. [LO.C] 6 35- ^-7 i> Ivl- 7 27-3 ^-6 (king helmeted), „ R:. [LO.C. Pl.xm.8.] 8 25- ^-7 1} „ . (plated). 9 26- ^■6 * Sor ..)$(• „ [LO.C] aetimos h for la. PHILOXENUS. 67 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Eeverae. 10 11 12 13 U 15 16 17 ^•8 (y) Bronze; square. BAZIAEnZ ANIKH T^f^^/j-p T:^^.V Sim-god, facing, radiate, -,•, ^ ' . •, * -^ "n" (,-, - -P -- - apadihatasa Jrmla*sinasa). JNike clad in chiton, himation, and boots; holds in 1. hand long sceptre ; r. extended. r. ; holds wreath and palm. to r., 101 . [PI. xiii. 9.] ^•85 ^•8 M-8 M-8 ;Same ihscr. A City 1. ; in L hand cornucopiae ; r. extended. tol., II lOl . mon. Same inscr. Indian bull r. below, Z. „ 1. [I.O. C. PI. XIII. 10.] [I. 0. C] „ z. * Sometimes lu for la. 58 GEEEK AND SCYTIIIO KINGS OP BA.GTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal, r Size. 1 Obverse. Reverse. ^•8 /E-9 NICIAS. (a) Bronze; square. BACIAEUJC CUJTH- PaC NIKIOY Head of the king r., diad. (or YA"^'N/«^) T^'H'Vfu''] {Maharajasa or Maharayasa tra- datasa Nikiasa). King, diad. and wearing chlamys, on horseback r. ; horse prancing. [PI. XIII. 11.] BAzrAEnz znTH POZ NIKIOY Similar head. T7%-9 y^^x y^^^^ {Maharajasa tradatasa Nikiasa). Dolphin twined round anchor. [PI. XIII. 12.] HIPPOSTRATUS. 59 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. UG 147-7 ^1-1 ^1-15 HIPPOSTEATUS. (a) Silver; type, City. BAZIAEnZ znxH- PnZ mnaZTPA- TDY Bust of the king 1'., diad. T*l^\T7'n~v-» (Maharajasa fl'Z /?'/' tradatasa Hipa- stratasd). City 1., wearing mo- dius ; holds in 1. hand, cornueo- piae ; r. advanced. to 1., ^ ; to r., 7. [Pi. XIV, 1.] , (/3) Silver ; type. King mi horseback. 139-5 147- 144- 34-6 143-2 144-8 143- ^1-2 .fll-1 411-05 M-lb BAZIAEHZ MErA- AdY ZHTHPdZ mnnZTPATDY Bust of the king r., diad. M\Ob Ml-l T"i.~w T^^\ T7"-:~^ (^Maharajasa tradatasa mahdtasa jayamtasa Hipastratasa). Kin diad. and helmeted, wearing chlamys, on horseback r. ; horse prancing. below, 1^. to 1., V ; to r., @ ; below, Tl . [PI. XIV. 2.] [I. 0. C] to 1., V ; to r., @ ; below, Jr . [PI. XIV. 3.] Similar. Similai, horse walking. to 1., V ; to r., @ ; below, 2*. [PI. XIV. 4.] 1> )) !) J> )J >! y [I. 0. C] 60 GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 10 143- 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 BAZIAEnZ ZHTH- PdZ mnnZTPA- TQY Bust of the king r., diad. iRM5 T"i.A^ T"i"i\ r^i'^^ 'y^^h'P {Mdharajasa tradatasei,jayam,tasa Hipastratasa). King, diad. and helmeted, wearing chlamys, on horseback r. ; horse prancing. below, [I.O. C. PI. XIV. 5.] (y) Bronze; sguare. BAZIAEnZ znTH- poz mnozTPA- TOY Triton, facing, his body ending in fish's tails ; holds dolphin and rudder. ^1-05 ^1 ^1 {Mdharajasa tradatasa Hipastra- tasa). City 1., turreted ; holds in 1. hand, palm ; r. advanced. to 1., ^ ; to r., 7. tJ t> ti it n )> tt n [I.O.C. PI. XIV. 6.] Same inscr. Apollo r., clad in chlamys ; holds arrow" in both hands ; quiver at shoulder. ^•9 Same inscr. Tripod. tol., ^ ; tor., 7- [PI. XIV. 7.] Same inscr, Pallas, hel- meted, seated 1. on throne ; holds in r., taenia ; in 1 , spear. ^•85 ^•85 T^.A7 T^"l\ TV"T^^ r'l^A'/' {Mdharajasa tradatasa jayamtasa Hipastratasa). Horse 1., in square of fdlet-pattem. tol., [1.0, C. PL XIV. 8.] AMYNTAS. 61 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 127-2 AMYNTAS. (a) Silver ; type, Pallas. BAZIAEnZ NIKA- TOPOZ AMYNTOY Bust of the king r., diad., helmeted. ^1- 33-4 36-2 ^•65 ^•65 7-,vk7 T"i?a^ T^^.'v^v (Maharajasa jayadharasa Ami- tasa). Pallas 1. ; holding in 1. hand, aegis; and with t hurling thuaderbolt. tol., [PI. XIV. 9.] (/3) Silver ; type, Zeus. BAZIAEflS NIKA- TOPOZ AMYNTOY Bust of the king r., diad. T"iv7 T1?A:i T::i"l.~v {Mahiiraja&a jayadharasa Ami- tasa). Zeus seated I. on throne; in r. hand, Nike ; in 1., palm and sceptre. tol., OS. tor., „ [I. 0. C. PI. XIV. 10.] (y) Bronze; square. JI-8 BAZIAEI2Z NIKA- TOPOZ AMYNTOY Bearded bust r., radiate, in Phrygian cap; sceptre over shoulder. {Maharajasa jayadharasa Ami- tasa). PaUas standing 1., her r. hand advanced ; in her 1., spear and shield. to 1., „ Efl. [1.0. C. PI. XIV. 11.] 62 GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obveree. Eo verse. HEKMAEUS. (a) Silver. BAZIAEflZ ZnTH- POS EPMAIOY Bust of the king r., diad. (Maharajasa tradatasa Herama- yasa). Zeus, laur., seated 1. on throne with back ; his r. hand advanced ; in his I., sceptre. 1 150-7 ^1- to r,, ^ . [I. 0. C. PI. XV. l.J 2 148-6 ^1- „ C&. 3 U4-1 Ml- .. ^• i 143-3 Ml- „ f^ . [I. 0. C. PI, XV. 2.] 5 35-4 M-66 tor., pft. 6 34-7 M-e5 „ „ [I. 0. C] 7 33-8 M-65 „ ^. 8 33- M-65. >) » ij 9 36- M-65 „ *. 10 36- M-7 „ 1^. 11 36-5 M-65 ,. ER. [PI. XV. 3.] 12 36-3 M-7 „ 1^. [I. 0. C] HBRMAEUS. 63 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. - BAZIAEnZ znTH- POZ EPMAIOY Bust of the king r., diad. {Mahdrajasa tradatasa Herama- yasa). Zeus, laur., seated 1. on throne with back ; his r. hand advanced ; in his I., sceptre. 13 32-8 M-65 to r., /^ . 14 34-5 M-6 „ „ [1.0. C] 15 37-3 M-65 to 1., lOP . 16 35- M-65 „ M; tor., E. [I. 0. C] 17 36-3 M-6 » »» )J J> 18 37-5 M-G ., ^. 19 50- M-7 (plated) )> j> BAZIAEnZ ZX2TH- PaZ EPMAIdY Similar type. Similar. 20 140-6 ^1-1 tol., Ep; tor., ffi C;. [H. XV. 4.] 21 22 144-6 34-9 ^1- ^•65 „ d; „ ^• to 1., felj to r., S, 23 24 29-4 37-7 ^•65 ^•65 » ^• BAZIAEI2Z ZnTH- POZ EPMAIOY Bust of the king r., diad. and helmeted. Similar. tol., ^3. [PI. XV. 5.] 64 GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Beverse, ;25 126 [27 i >8 29 30 I i 32 33 34 35 36 i 37 (;8) Bronze; rovlrfd;. with portrait. BAZIAEXir ZHTH- PaZ EPMAIDY Bust of the king i., diad. ^■95 I ^•95 ^■85 ^•95 iB-9 ^•95 ^1-05 J&\- ^•95 ^•95 MX- (J^aharajasa tradatasa Herama- yasa). Zeus, laur., seated 1. on throne with back ; bis r. hand advanced ; in his 1., sceptre. to 1., ^; to r., 5 , „ „ , uncertain Indian letter. [1.0. C. PL IV. 6.] ,, „ „ uncertain Indian letter. „ „ „ T. [I. 0. G.] „ „ „ uncertain Indian letter. „ „ „ M'. [I. 0. C] i> II )) » • » )i )i » )> » » "• I) n )i n >> >i i> V. „ „ „ <7. [1. 0. C] »J K™ J 1J f>J HEBMAEUS. 6.5 No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZIAEnZ znxH- PaZ EPMAIQY Bust of the king r., diad. (Maharajasa tradatasa Berama- yasa). Zeus, laur., seated 1. on throne with back ; his r. hand advanced ; in his 1., sceptre. 38 ^•9 tt. 1., H ; to r., n . [I. 0, C] 39 ^•9 ij >> n ^ ' 40 41 ^•9 ^■6 >j )t )» ' • ,j to L, ^; to r., ^ . 42 ^■6 „ „ „ 7. [1.0.0.] 43 M-1 „ „ „ Y. [PI. IV. 7.] 44 M-Q „ m-, „ ^. [I.O.C.] (y) Bronze; round; Z\/ inserted after 1,[n.]THPOj. .* BAZIAEI2Z ZTH- PnZ ZV EPMAroY Bust of the king r., diad. (Maharajasa mahatasa Herama- yasa). Type as last, degraded. 45 M-% to 1., (?) ; to r,, S. 46 M-7 J) /l .> 47 M-8 f} it n 48 iE-75 Similar. Inscr. various. Mke 1. ; holds wreath and palm. 49 ^.-65 inscr. T^"l7"l T7^M^. to r., ^ . 50 ^•6 (obscure). * Other coins with the same on the reverse the name of K scribed among the coins of Kad to 1., +|- ; to r., ^ . s obverse inscription and type, but bearing adphises and the type of Herakles, are de- phises I., below. 66 GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 51 52 53 54 55 (S) Bronze; square; without portrait. M-75 M-1h BAZIAEnZ ZilTH- POZ EPMAIOY Bearded male bust r., radiate, wearing Phry- gian cap. {Mdharajasa tradatasa Herama- s). Horse r., trotting. below, M . „ ^ . [T. 0. C] „ „ [I. 0. C. PI. XV. 8.] HEEMAEUS AND CALLIOPE, (a) Silver. BAZIAEflZ ZflTH- POZ EPMAIOY KAI KAAAlonHZ Busts jugate r. of the King and Queen, both diad. 36-2 33-2 ^•65 ^•6 A\.hA*^Ji {Maharajasa tradatasa Heramayasa Kaliya- paya). King, helmeted and diad., r. on horseback ; horse prancing, bow and lance on his back. below, E^l. [PI. XV. 9.] „ „ [LO. C. PI. XV. 10.] RANJABALA. 67 No. ■ wt Metal. Size. ObTerse. Reverse. EANJABALA. (a) Silver. BACIA€I BACIA6- WC CUJTHPOC PAXY Bust of the king r., diad. yT^l^lL^^? {Apratihata- r«i':7^"l TAZY ehahmsa Miatrapasa Rajdbulasa). Pallas 1. ; holding in 1. hand aegis, and with r., hurling thunderbolt. 1 38- ^•55 tol., ^; tor., 7. [PI. XV. ll.J Blundered inscr. Same type. T^t'...^7TAZY (Chha- T "~I'C7 J 'n trapasa Apra . . . chakrasa Rajdbulasa). Same type. 2 36-8 ^•55 tol., ^; tor., .'^. [PI. XV. 12.] 3 36-6 ^•55 (both sides blundered). 11 }} a 9i 4 36-4 ^•55 (iascr. BA MOC- COaTHPoCPA ). f) a >i IJ 5 6 36- 30-8 M-55 M-55 (name, T'i'C7!!^"b ^'^W"-' hulasa). )» > 1) It.' 7 35-7 M-5 " '^^Inscr.'^.'..TAZY-'^ mahachhatrapasa, &c.) 8 35-8 M-5 68 GHEEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BAOTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Eevorse. MAUES. (a) Bronze ; round ; Greek legend only. 151- Head of elephant r. ; bell round neck. ^1-15 ^1-15 ^115 M\-2 BAZIAEflZ Caduceus. MAYOY tol., rtt. [I. 0. C. PL XVI. 1.] (j8) Silver ; type, Zeus. BAZIAEHZ BAZI- AEHN MEFAAOY MAYOY Zeus stand- ing 1., clad in himation; r. hand extended; in 1., . long sceptre. r"l'^^T:i!"ll:j^ (^Bajadi. \ /y rajasa mahatasa Moasa). Nike r. ; holds wieath and palm bound with fillet. to r., [PI. xvj. 2.] (y) Bronze; round; type, King mi horseback. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MErA[AOY [MAYOY?] King r. on horseback ; whip over shoulder ; lance couched. to r., (^ . {Rajadirajma mahatasa Moasa). Female figure, facing, diad. ; holds in r. hand, patera, containing oflfer- ings ; 1. rests on wheel ; on head, turreted crown. (Tyche). toL, vc;. [PI. XVI. 3.] MAUES. 69 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 5 6 7 10 ^1-05 ^1- iEl- ^1- (S) Bronze ; round ; other typhs. baziaehz bazi- aehn mepaaoy MAYOY Artemis ninnmg r., radiate, with - veil iloatiag round her head ; clad in short chiton and "boots. M-^ Ml- "7 7y rajasa mahatasa Moasa). Indian humped huU 1. to 1., A . „ r« [PI. XVI. 4.] Same inscr. Horakles, facing; holds in I, cluh and lion's skin. Sanie inscr. Maneless lion 1. to 1., rW . [PI. XVI. 5.] (e) Bronze ; square ; type, King on horseiaek. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEflN MEfAAOY MAYOY King r. on horsehack ; whip over shoulder; r. hand ad- vanced. T"T^^T^"ll^"l (Bajadi. "y 7W rajasa mahatasa Moasa). Pallas r., her garment flying ; holds in 1. hand, spear and shield; r. extended; before her, altar. tor., M'C,. [PI. XVI. 6.] Same inscr. King r. on horsehack ; whip over shoulder; lance couched. Same inscr. Mke 1. ; holds wreath and palm. tol., [PI. XVI. 7.] 70 GEEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTHIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Bererse. 11 M-95 12 13 M,l- M-9 U Ml-l 15 16 M-95 JE-9 (Q Bronze ; square ; other types. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEilN MEfAAoY MAYOY Draped female figure facing, holds sceptre trans- versely ; on her head, crescent ; and on either side, star. {Rajadirajasa mahatasa Moasa). Nike 1. ; holds wreath and palm. A to 1., -p [PI. XVI. 8.J Same inscr. Zeus, laur., seated 1. on throne ; holds in 1. hand scep- tre; r. extended towards small winged female figure, who seems to be an emhodiment of the thunderbolt. Same inscr. Female figure, facing, wearing turreted crown and hold- ing long sceptre ; holds out in r. hand her veil. (Tyche). tol. A T [PL XVI. 9.] Same inscr. Zeus, seated 1. on throne ; holds in r. hand Nike, who carries wreath and pahn; before him, forepart of ele- phant r., with trunk raised. Same inscr. Herakles, facing ; holds in 1. hand, club and lion's skin; with r., crowns himself ? Same inscr. Poseidon 1., clad in himation ; r. hand on hip ; in 1., trident; r. foot placed on shoulder of a river-god. (Poseidon raises r. to r., hpi . hand) ; Same inscr. Female figure, clad in chiton and himation, facing; stands between two vines. (Maenad ?). A tol.,f . [I. 0. C. PI. XVII. 1.] [I. 0. C] MAUES. 71 No. Wt. Metal. Size. ObverBO. Reverse. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 J25 ^1-1 ^1-05 M-9 M-9 M-9 M-9 M-9 M-85 Ml-05 BAZIAEflZ BAZI- AEflN MErAAOY MAYOY Poseidon striding 1. , hurling thnn- derbolt to r., and hold- ing in left hand aplus- tre; heside him, river- god, leaping up. (Rajadirajasa mahaiasa Moasa). Female figure, clad in chiton and himation, facing ; stands between two vines. (Maenad ?). tol., [I. O.C. PI. XVII. 2.] Same inscr. Male figure 1., chlamys flying be- hind; holds club and trident. to 1., ^ . Same inscr. Female figure r., pep- lum flying ; holds long fillet. tor., S'C;. [I. O.C. Pl.XTii. 3.] Same inscr. Female figure 1. ; r. hand advanced ; in 1., cornucopiae. (Tyche?). Same inscr. Elephant run- ning r., holds in trunk, wreath : in square of fillet-pattern. Same inscr. Male figure, facing; clad in himation; r. hand on hip; Wears petasus, (Hermes?). A to 1., T^ . [PI. XVII. 4.] Same inscr. King, facing, seated cross-legged on cushion ; sword on his knees : in square of fiUet- pattem. to r., [PI. XVII. 5.] „ T^. Similar. Same inscr. Indian humped buU r. to r., 1^ . [PI. XVII. 6.] 72 GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 26 27 ^•6 ^•55 BAZIAEnZ MAYOY Apollo 1. ; holds in r. hand arrow ; in 1., how. to 1., M . 28 iE-8 ,. M, Same inscr. trotting. yiV TIi!*T^'-' {Maharajasa Moasa). Tripod, in square of dots. [PI. ivii. 7.] Horse Same inscr. Bow in case. toi.rtt. AZ£B. 73 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 146-5 ^1-1 AZES. (a) Silver; type, Zeus. 145-7 150-3 140-6 35-5 37-9 35- .R115 ^1-05 ^1-1 ^-65 ^■7 iR-65 BAZIAEHZ BAZI- AEHN MEPAAOY AZOY The king r., on horseback ; holds lance, couched. below, 'Y- Similar. below, b ■ Similar. below, M' . T^.'v..^ y:j-i:j^ Y^^^w "FA 7 {Mahaxajasa rajarajasa mahdtasa Ayasa). Zeus 1., radiate ; r. hand advanced ; in 1., long sceptre. to 1., (g) ; to r., V . [PI. XVII. 8.] Same inscr. Zeus, facing, laur. ; holds winged thunderbolt and long sceptre. to 1., K ; to r., 5 . [I.O.C. PI. XVII. 9.] „1; „ 7. [I. O.C] to I., K; to r., J. [I. O.C. PL XVII. 10.] Same inscr. Zeus, facing, laur. ; hurls with r., thunderbolt ; and holds in 1., long sceptre. to 1., ^j tpr., 7. [Pl.xvu.ll.] )) it JJ »J 74 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTBIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 10 11 12 13 U 15 16 17 18 19 20 128 146-7 140 136-8 142-3 149 136 150-4 128-7 148-7 149 147-71 147 ^-95 ^1-1 ^1-1 ^1- ^•95 ^1-1 ^•9 ^•9 M-95 M-25 M-9 M-95 M-95 BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEfAAbY AZOV The king r., on horseback ; holds whip. below, T' ■ to r,, 'V . „ t. „ ^. „ T. „ ^. „ 1. „ ^• „ T. „ 'y. *r A 7 (Maharajasa rajarajasa malidtasaAyasa). Zeus 1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing Nike ; in 1., long sceptre. tol., ^; tor., *1. if J» )» I • M ft )J JJ [I.O.C. PI. XVII. 12.] i> 9> if J> ., #; „ K. >> » )} )) L-'^. o. C.J j> jj J) Jl }> » [I. 0. C] ,, )f( ; „ mon. AZES. 75 No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZrAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEfAAOY AZOV The king v., on horseback ; holds whip. y^.^^j t:j^^^ T^"i~^ TA7 (Maharajaso rajarajasamdhdtasaAyasa). Zeus 1.; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing Nike ; in 1., long sceptre. 21 32-9 ^•6 tor., N'. to I., 'V; tor., 5. 22 28-5 JR-6 )J >) j> )j » »> 23 33-3 .Jl-55 „ ^■ ») W ; „ £ ' 24 34-8 ^•6 „ 1.. [I.O.C. PI. XVII. 13.] 25 30- ^•6 „ O* . (inverted). )> M" j 1) >i 26 36-5 ^•6 ,. ^. J) j» j» » 27 37- /fl-6 » >i I) )> » i> 28 35-6 M-6 „ T. „ „ „ t 7 . [I. 0. c] 29 36-8 M-6 " ^■ > 30 33-5 M-55 „ ?. >» ly^'y J? uncertain letter. 31 27-4 MG . >i. „ „ „ 9. [I.O.C.] 32 33-9 M-6 „ *!.. „ Z; „ /^ T. 33 34- M 65 „ T. „ )f( ; „ mon. 5 . 34 30-5 M-e i> )) „ „ „ ,. .. [I-O.C] 76 GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 31 36-4 36-2 372 32-9 35-8 30-2 31 33 28-7 22 6 35-3 35-2 37-2! /R-65 ^•6 M-e M-6 M-G JR-5 M-55 M-6 JRQ M-6 M 6 M 6 M-6 BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEFAAOY AZOV The king r., on horseback ; holds whip. tor., N'. » T. „ ?• „ X. „ \. „ T. „ ^. „ r. ,, >^. „ ^. „ ^. T"i.~v-' T:^*n:i"i t:^"i~'>^ r A 7 (Maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasaAyasa). Zeus 1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing Nike; in 1., long sceptre. to I., ^; tor., m *!>. I' " >i i> >( „ A "1, " )> » » )) .. o „ „ „ 7. [I.O.C.] " >> >) A M 7 » 11 I, li n • " » » » jj " " )i JJ » " » j> )) z . » J) JJ ji ff . " ij JJ « J, [I. O.C] AZES. 77 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 49 50 51 52 53 54 32- 34-8 35-5 34-3 27-5 32- 55 138- ^•55 ^•55 ^■55 ^■55 ^•6 ^•6 ^•95 BAZIAEflZ BAZI- AEnN MEFAAOY AZOV The king r., on horseback ; holds whip. to r., A . » M'. uncertain letter. „^ 7 "K A 7 (Mdharajasa rajarajasa mahaiasaAyasa). Zeus 1.; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing Xike; in 1., long sceptre. tol., ^- tor., ?, n >> J) » )J » €. >J » )» )» „ ^. [1.0. C] )) »J )l J» [Most of the above coins are of base metal and very rude execution. In nos. 16 and 46 the inscr. reads rajadirajasa\. {j3) Silver; type, Poseidon. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEnN MEFAAOY AZOY King r., on horseback ; holds whip. to r., ^ . r A / {Mdharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasd). Po- seidon r. ; holds in 1. hand, trident. to-l., 1^; to r., '^ . [PI. XVIII. 1.] 78 QBEEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. (y) Silver; type, Pallas. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEfAAOY AZOY King r., on horseback ; holds lance, couched. T'l-'^v.' T:J^:il"i T^iT^^ T A 7 {Maharajasa rajarajasa mahdtasa Ayasa). Pal- las L ; in raised r. hand, thunder- bolt; ]. holds shield. 56 145-8 ^-95 to r., ifi . to 1., ^ ; to r., 7 . [PI. XVIII. 2.] 57 132'6 Ml- (plated) -in ex,, Y - J> ?) IJ »l 58 145-5 Ml-05 to r., T . „ „ „ f^- 59 145-5 M-95 19 jy ii 19 60 139-8 Ml- „ f . yy ji ]) 9» 61 62 147- 32-8 Ml- M-65 „ b. „ „ „ „ [I. 0. C] to r., T . to 1., J ; to r., Apy . 63 29-6 M-1 „ n^. » ,, „ „ [PI. xviii. 3.] 64 37-5 M-&5 ,, T. »» J» )J J> 65 35- M-6 ,, ^. " ^ >^ >» J> 66 36-5 M-7 „ t?. J> )» »J JJ 67 35- M-7 » >> " if iy yy 68 36-7 M-65 » '^• )j jy yy / • 69 34-1 M-6 j> )> y .. >, ,, „ [I. 0. C] AZSS. 79 ... Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEflN MEPAA Y AZOY King r., on horseback ; holds whip. T^.~^ T^"i:ii"l T^"!'^^ T A 7 {Maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Pal- las, facing ; holds in 1. hand, spear and shield; with r., crowns herself. 70 138-5 .^1- to r., T . to 1., r^ j to r., H . [PI. XVIII. 4.] 71 35- M-6 to r., ^ . tol., J^; tor., ^. 72 34-5 M-G5 jj n „ „ „ „ [PI. XVIII. 5.] 73 38- M-65 » -9. 3J JJ 33 33 74 38- M-65 „ T- 33 3) ») 3) 75 36-4 M-6 „ -1. J) 3) ;3 33 76 36- M-65 ,. T. 33 53 . 33 ""^ • 77 39- iU-65 1) » J) 3) 3) 73 78 37-6 ^•65 ., T. 33 33 3J 33 79 38-7 ^•65 )j )? 33 3) 33 33 80 36-9 ^■6 „ 'I. 33 )3 33 33 81 36-3 ^■65 )j )j 33 3) 3) 33 82 34-5 ^•65 „ ^. • „ „ „ „ [I.O.C.] 80 GREEK AND SOTTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA. No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZIAEHZ BAZI- AEflN MEPAAOY AZOY King r., on horseback ; holds whip. T"i.~^ t:^i::1"i t:^^'^^.' T A 7 (Maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Pal- las, facing; holds in 1. hand, spear and shield; with r., crowns herself. 83 30-6 ^•55 to r,, letter. tol., ^; tor., IS . 84 35-3 M-65 ^,,'7. » 7; ,. ^- 85 33-6 M-65- J) jj )> JJ 99 ?J 86 36-8 M-65 „ Y. )) )) )) t> 1 Similar. Same inscr. Pallas, standing 1. ; r. hand advanced j in 1., shield. 87 341 M-7 tor., T. to 1., 7 ; to r., ^ . 88 36-6 M-6 » '^•. „ „ „ ^. [P1.X7III.6.] Similar. Same inscr. Pallas, facing; holds in r. hand, spear ; shield slung over back. 89 33-6 M-6 tor., ^. to 1., ll ; to r., iT^ . [PI. XVIII. 7.] AZES. 81 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEfAAnY AZnV King r., on horseback ; holds -whip. y^^^^J y^'-x'S-x y^^^^j fA 7 {Maharajasa rajarajasa mdhatasa Ayasa). Pal- las r. ; her r. hand advanced ; in her 1., spear and shield. 9C 144-8 ^-95 to r., ^ . tol., ^; tpr., 4^. [PL xviii. 8.] 91 9S 146-7 140-5 iR-95 ^-95 (iuscr. rajadirajasa). 9S 94 146-7 130-5 ^•95 ^1- )) J) „ T. „ „ „ ^61 • (inscr. rajadirajasa). „ * HI ; „ ff^ • 9S 123-8 ^1-05 „ ^- „ li; ,. ^■ 96 97 140-2 147-8 Ml- M-25 „ T. „ A I; „ *. [1.0. C] (inscr. rajadirajasa). „ „ ^i „ \^. [I. 0. C] 98 143-5 M-95 ,. t. 5) JJ J) JJ ») J) 99 142-8 M-95 „ 9. J> J3 5) J5 )) )) 100 147-3 M-95 „ 7 ', below, uncertain letter. (inscr, rajadirajasa). 101 147- M-95 jj fj J) TJ J3 7> J» 102 152-9 M-9 )) a ' 1» )» JJ 5) )) 103 141-4 M-85 „ ^. 104 118-7 M-9 „ %. ;j )» 5J JJ J) 82 GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OF BACTKIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 105 106 107 108 37-6 36-7 35-6 28-5 109 110 111 136-5 143' 34 '3 M-G' M-Q5 M-Q5 M-6 Ml-05 Ml- M-7 BAZIAEIIZ BAZI- AEHN MErAAQY AZdV King r., on horseback ; holds whip. to r., *+I . „ 7- ,, uncertain letter. T^7 (Maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasd Ayasa). Pal- las r. ; her r. hand advanced ; in her 1., spear and shield. tol., S; tor., l¥l. )J » )» JJ " JJ J7 )» [PI. XVIII. 9.] „ S; „ ^. [I. 0. C] (S) Silver; type. City? BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEflN MEPAAOY AZOY King r., on horseback ; holds lance, couchsd. to r., 5 . r A 7 {Maharajasa rajarajasa mahaiasa Ayasa). A City? 1.; holds in r. hand, object resembling a brazier ; in 1., palm bound with fillet. to 1., ^; tor., >J7. [PI. xviii. 10.] |tol., /^ 77; tor., 5. [PI XVIII. 11.] AZES. 83 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse, (e) Silver; vnthout figure of King. BAZIAEflZ BAZI- AE12N MErAAOY AZOV Zeusl., laur.; r. hand advanced ; in I., sceptre held trans- versely. r A 7 (^Maliarajasa rajarajasa mahdtasa Ayasa). Nike r., winged ; holds wreath and palm bound with fillet. 112 35-5 ^•7 tor., ^. [PI. xviii. 12.} 113 35-1 ^■7 )1 ») 114 36-7 ^•7 „ „ [1.0. C] (Q Bronze; type. King, seated. BAZIAEilZ BAZI- AEflN MErAAOY AZOY King, facing, seated cross-legged on cushion ; holds in r. hand, ankus ; in 1., TA.y {Maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Her- mes 1., with chlamys flying; r. hand raised ; in 1., naduceus. sword, which rests on his knees. 115 Ml- tol., f . to I., rpl 5 to r., 9 . 116 ' .^105 !) )I [I.O.C. PI. XIX. 1.] 117 ^•95 „ ^. »? )J J) JJ 118 ^1-05 J) J> „ Ifl. 119 ^1- )) )J „ lil; » "1- 120 ^1- )j )» i> )) 84 GUBBK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZfAEriZ BAZI- AEHN MEfAAOY AZOY King, facing, seated cross-legged on cushion ; holds in r. hand, ankus ; in 1., sword, which rests on his knees. 7-,.^^ 7^^-1^1-1 7:^1-1^^ T A 7 {Mdharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Her- mes I., with chlamys flying; r. hand raised;. in 1., caduceus. 121 ./El -05 to L, ^ . to 1., 1^ ; to r., ^ . 122 123 M-95 ^•95 „ uncertain letter. (inscr. rajculirajasa). „ #1; . S '^- 124 M-1 it JJ )> 91 125 126 M-2 „ 'P (inverted). (inscr. rajadirajasa). (ij) Bronze ; type, Demeter or City. 1 BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEPAAqY AZa Y Demeter ? seated 1. on throne, mo- dius on head ; r. hand raised; in I., cornu- 7-irv.v^7vi-,Nl-,7^-,^^ r A/ {Mdharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Her- mes 1. ; r. hand raised ; in 1., cadu- ceus. copiae. 127 JEl-05 to 1., rri ; to r., S • 128 Ml-05 » !> » I, 129 130 Ml-05 Ml- J) J) „ „ (restruck). [I.O.C. PI. XIX. 2.1 » » ,, „ [L 0. C] 131 Ml- >' " >i » „ 132 Ml-1 [Restruck on a coin of Azes , cl. K ; types, elephant, humped bull]. AZES. 85 wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. iE-75 M-75 ^•65 ^•65 BAZlAEnZ BAZI- AEflN MEfAAoY AZOY Hermes 1., wears chlamys ; r. hand advanced ; in 1., cadu- to 1., MK • "FA 7 (Maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Demeter? standing 1., wears mo- dius ; r. hand advanced ; in 1., comucopiae. to 1., ^ ; to r., ^ . [PI. XIX. 3.] Same inscr. Lion r. ahove, Similar. tol., 1^; tor., ^. „ „ „ € "^. [PI. XIX. 4.] O ?. (ff) Bronze ; type, male deity. Ml- BAZIAEIiZ BAZI- AEI2N MEfAAuY AZdY Female deity, facing, clad in hima- tion ; holds in raised r. hand, flower ; stands on lotus j beside her, lion 1 (Lakshmi V). to 1.,^- "FA 7 {Maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Humped bull r. to r., 5 . [PI. XIX. 5.] (t) Bronze ; types, lion and hdl. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEPAAnY AZdY Humped In- dian bull r. above, ^X. r A 7 (Maharajasa , rajadirajqsa mahatasa Ayasa). Lion r. above, 4^ . V 86 GBEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND" INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZIAEHZ BAZI AEnN MEfAAnY AZnY Humped In- dian bull r. T A 7 {Mdharajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Lion r. 140 ^1-1 above, Iz] . above, I^P . | 141 Ml- „ @- „ -T^. 142 Ml-l „ 1^; tor., 7j. „ a. 143 ^1-05 „ m-, « ^. „ $. 144 iEl-05 )i >) )i " • )» jj 145 ^1- )! )j )) n • )» )) 146 ^1-1 „ ,, ., ^ - „ fift. 147 ^•95 )> )j „ $. [I.O.C.] 148 ^1- „ ^. ■' *• . 149 ^M „ M. „ ;ii. ' 150 ^1-2 97 J) )» / • >» )> 151 ^1-1 jj \tiX 'j ij Ji „ *. 152 ^1-3 „ 1^ . [PI. XIX. 6.] 153 ^1-1 ») » JT II" „ ^. 154 ji:-85 „ 'f . „ m. 155 iE-85 „ B; „ h. (inscription barbarous). to r., n . 156 JK-8 ,. SI. above, $ . [I. 0. C] AZES. 87 No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Eeyerse. 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 (k) Bronze ; types, elephant and bull. BAZIAEXIZ BAZI- AEHN MErAAuY AZdY Elephant r. Ml- iE-95 Ml- Ml-05 Ml- Ml- M-95 Ml-l Ml-05 ^1-05 ^ro5 Ji:i-05 ^•75 above, A . >i It „ rn. „ 7. >> )> „ r*i „ 7. "F A 7 (Maharajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Humped bull r. above, uncertain letter. !! /R 7 • (inscr. rajarajasa). JJ 5) 13 >) [I.O.C. PI. XIX. 7.] !i ^ m • (inscr. rajarajasa). (inscriptions obscure). 3j ») n „ ^ 7. jj ») jj „ „ /fv . [I.O.C.] [I. 0. C] [In several of the 'above coins the king's name is misspelt, and appears as AOZY , AOZZY , AZOY , and so forth. J 88 GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA. rNo. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. (X) Bronze ; square ; type. King on horsehack. BAZIAEnS BAZI- AEHN MEfAAnY AZdY The king r., on horseback ; holds in r. Land, lance, couched. r A 7 (Maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasd), Humped bull r. 170 ^•95 above, /SJ 7 • 171 ^•85 „ „ „ (restmck). 172 ^1- „ „ t^. [I.O.C. PI. XIX. 8.] 173 ^•95 „ mjtor., 5. 174 ^•1 (inscr. barbarous). J) J) 175 ^•9 to r., B . „ #ir^. 176 iE-85 J) )» „ „ 'i^. 177 Ml- „ 17. (/x) Bronze ; square ; type, King on camel. baziaehz bazi- aehn mepaaoy AZOY King r., seated on camel ; holds whip. T"l~v^ T^^^^ t:^^~v^ r A 7 {Mdharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Humped bull r. 178 JEl- tor., g. 179 Ml- .. » [I. 0. C] 180 M-85 [PI. XIX. 9.] AZES. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. (y) Bronze; square; type, Poseidon. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MErAAOY AZOV Poseidon 1., dad in himation; r. hand on hip ; in 1., tri- dent ; foot placed on shoulder of river-god. y^.^^ Ta"i^"i T^"!'^'^ r A 7 {Maharajasa rajarajasa mdhatasa Ayasa). Female figure, clad in chiton and himation, facing ; holds in each hand, long vine-branch. 181 ^1- tol., |j. [PI. TTX. lO.J 182 ^1- • 183 JEl- » ,, [I.O.C] 18* ^1-2 >) ji 185 ^•8 Same inscr. Male figure 1., chlamys flying be- hind j holds club and trident. Same inscr. Female figure r., pep- lum flying ; holds long fillet. to r., |j . (^) Bronze ; square ; animal tijpes. 186 M-9 BAZIAEflZ BAZI- AEHN MErAAOY AZOV Herakles, facing; holds in 1 hand, , club and lion's skin ; and with r., crowns himself. T A 7 {Maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa). Horse r. above, ^' . 187 iE-95 to 1., ^ . „ „ [I.O.C. PI. XIX, 11.] * Restruck on a coin of Hipp supra, p. (iO, no. 15. ostratus; for types seo coin of Hippostratus, 90 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINOS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 188 190 Ml-l BAZIAEnZ BAzr- AEHN MEfAAOY AZOV Elephant r. above, 7. r A7 {Maliarqjasu rajarajasa maliatasa Ayasa). Humped bull r. tor., VK. M-i5 BAZIAEnZ MEPA- AOY AZOV Ele- phant r. BAZIAEnZB]AZIAE nNMErAAoYAE[ Lion r. ^•65 above, "V . TA7 y^'^^ T^^'^^ {Maliarajasa mdhatasa Ayasa). Humped bull r. *[P1. XTX. 12.] TA7 ^^~^ {Maharaja Ayasa). Humped buU 1. above, n , [L 0. C] (o) Billon ; semi-harbarous coinage. Corrupt legend King r., on horseback ; holds in r. hand ankus(?); before him, symbol Y -* 191 14.54 '^-85 192 193 141- 142-2 ^-8 ^■8 TT'M'^ T*n~^ T^^^v^ TA7 T::!^^^:^^ {Maharajasa maliatasa dhrami- Icasa rajadirajasa Ayasa). City 1., turreted, and clad in chiton and peplum ; r. hand advanced ;, in 1., cornucopiae. to 1., 5; tor., ^. [PI. XX. 1.] * On most of these coins there is an appearance of various Indian letters in the obverse field which are not hero inserted, it being doubtfnl whether they are not mere blunders. AZTSS. 91 No. \Vt. Metal. Size. Obverse. EeTcrse. 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 '205 206 145-9 131-5 148-2 144- 148-5 142-8 157-3 140-3 150-9 156-9 146-8 148-3 130-5 ^■85 ^•8 ^•85 ^•75 ^-85 ^•8 ■85 Corrupt legend. King r., on horseback ; holds in r. hand ankus (?) ; before him, symbol 3; . TT'M'? Y*i~'-' t;::^*!'^'-' ta; T::i^^^"i {Maharajasa mahatasa dhrami- Icasa rajadirajasa Aijasa). City 1., turieted, and clad in chiton and peplum j r. hand advanced ; in 1., comucopiae. to 1., y ; to r., f. [T. 0. C] (it) Billon ; icith iiame of Anpavanna. BAZIAEHZ BAZI- AEHN MEfAADY AZnY King r., on horseback; holds ankus; behind him, bow on sad- dle ; beneath, tor., ^. y^. (Indravarma putrasa Aspavarma- sa strategasa jayatasa). Pallas r., armed ; her r. hand advanced ; in her 1. , spear and shield ; behind, star and y ■ to r., AJA; to 1., uncertain letter. [PI. XX. 2.1 1.. , T. , >l. , T. J J) 92 GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 207 208 209 210 211 157-2 159-4 150- 155-7 149- 31-7 ^■85 ^9 ^•85 ^•8 M-8 Al-6 BAZIAEnZ BAZI AEHN MEfAADY AZdY King r., on horseback; tiolds ankus; behind him, bow on sad- dle ; beneath, H^ . to r., S^ . (Indravarma putrasa Aspavarma- sa strategasa jayatasa). Pallas r., armed ; her r. hand advanced ; in her 1., spear and shield ; behind, star and v. . tor, /^; tol., C;. [I. 0. C] »J J> )> )5 „ uncertain letter. AZES AND AZILISES. (a) Silver. BAZIAEHZ . . HM- rAAOY AZAIZOY The king r., on horse- back j Jiolds bow. in front, \J . r A / (Maharajasa [raiaraja']sa maliatasa Ayatia). Zeus standing 1., diad. ; holds Nike and long sceptre. tol., >M; tor., 7. [I. 0. C. PI. XX. 3.] AZILISES. 93 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. U8-5 AZILISES. (a) Sillier; type, Zeus. Ml-05 146-2 150-4 33-3 146-8 37-8 BAZIAEIIZ BAZI- AEIIN MErAAOY AZIAIZOY The king r., on horseback ; in r. hand, ankus ; bow on saddle. to r., TT **1 A 7 (Maharajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). Zeus r., diad., wearing himation ; holds wreath (?) and long sceptre. to 1., A ; to r., 7 • [PI. XX. 4.] (/8) Silver ; type, Dioscuri. yR105 A 1-05 ^-65 ^1-1 ^-6 BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEXIN MEPAAOY AZIAIZOY The king r., on horseback ; holds ankus ; bow on saddle. to r., ^ . „ )t( ; below, t? TT ''I A 7 {Maharajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). The Dioscuri, facing; each wears Phrygian cap and chlamys, and holds spear and sword. tol., >; tor., '<3f. [PI. XX. 5.] )» 5J JI »J [LO. C. PI. XX. 6.] Similar. to r., m. to r., I'W . Same inscr. One of the Dioscuri, facing, as above, but bearded and wearing chiton. to 1., T . [PI. XX. 7.j |tol.j*K. [PI. XX. 8.] 94 GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. (y) Silver; type, Oity'i BAZIAEHZ BAZI AEHN MErAAOY AZIAIZOY The king r., on horseback ; holds lance couched. T"l'^^ T^^i^l T:i"i~^ TT'^i A 7 (Maharajasa rajarajasa maliatasa Ayilishasa). City (?) 1. ; holds in r,, tincertaiu object; in 1., palm bound with fillet. 7 140-3 .51 1-05 to I., ^ 1; ; to r., "^ . [PI. XX. 9.] 8 149-8 ^1-05 to r., X . j> ji fj n 9 146-2 ^11- „ ^1. ji ») )j ji [■*■• ^' ^'J 10 139-5 Ml- r 1) 1 9) '> )> )5 tJ )) •11 144-9 Ml-l „ Z; „ T. [PI. XX. 10.] 12 13 148-5 35-8 Ml-05 M-7 '- ^ ■ „ .^ 7? ; „ 1 . to 1., .^ 9 ; to r., 1 . 14 3&-3 M-7 ' >) I) )> )j 15 32-6 M-65 „ ^; „ 5. [PI. XX. 11.] 16 32-9 M-7 JJ )i jj S • 17 32-2 M 7 18 34-7 M-65 »j )) )) f ■ 19 36- M-7 „ „ „ X . [I. 0. c] 20 35-8 M-6b „ ^-^l; „ 'i'. 21 35- M-er) tor., T. »' " )> )) 22 36-9 M-7 „ l^i. J5 >J AZILISES. 95 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 ^•9 7E-95 (S) Bronze ; square ; type, King on korsehacJe. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEFAAOY AZIAIEOY King r., on horseback ; holds lance couched. tor., ^ 5. ^■85 ^•75 M-9 iEl-05 ^E -95 ^1-1 Similar. Similar. (Maharajasa mahatasa A yilishasa) . Herakles, diad. , naked, seated 1. ; holds in r. hand club, which rests on knee. tol., ^ ^. [PI. xxr. 1.] » 1) »» Same inscr. Elephant r. above, ^ 1$]. „ „ „ [I.O.C. PI. XXI. 2.] T"l~^ T^"l^"l T^"!'^^ TT'HA? (Maharajasa rajarajasa maliatasa Ayilishasa). Humped bull r. above, ^ Z . [PI. XXI. 3.] „ „ „ [I. O.C] „ iflS'-'. 96 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obyerse. Reverse. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 ^1-05 M-95 JE-9 BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEfAAoY AZIAIZOY King r., on horseback ; holds lance couclied. to r., ^P . (king to 1.) y^r^yj yvj-i^i-i Y^J^/V/^ T T **1 A 7 (Maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). Humped bull 1. above, ^ Ap. (restruck coin). (c) Sronze ; square ; type, King (1) standing. Ml- ^•85 ^•95 ^■9 M-9b BAZIAEnZ BAZI AEnN MEfAAOY AZIAIZOY The king(?) standing r., clad in helmet and cloak ; holds in L hand, shield ; r. advanced. to r., (4i . rT*nA7 {Maharajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). Nike (?) r., un winged, clad in short chiton, with inflated veil over her head ; holds in r. hand wreath. tor., C;. [PI. XXI. 4. j to 1., '"K ; to r., uncertain letter. [I. O. C] (X) Bronze ; square ; other types. BAZIAEnZ [BAZI- AEHN MErA]AY AZIAIZY Herakles, facing, crowning him- self ; holds in 1. hand club and lion's skin. tol., ^. r T ''1 A 7 {Maharajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishana). Horse standing r. above, %. infield, S' ^. j-i.0 C. Pl.xxi.5.] AZ1LISE3. 97 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 40 41 ^1-05 BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEPAA.Y AZIAIZ.Y Male figure, facing, clad in himation, head turned to r. ; holds in r. liand, sceptre ; in 1., uncertain object. to 1., M . Inscr. obscure. Elephant 1. .^1-05 TT'^IA? (Mahamjasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). Lion r., looking hack. above, Y. [1.0. C. PI. xxi. 6.] Inscr. 6bscure ; ends TT'^IA? (Ayilishasa). Humped hull 1. to ]., mon. [I. 0. C] 98 GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA, No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Beverso. 3 4 5 144-5 37-5 37-3 38 37-8 Ml-05 M-7 M-65 M'85 M-8 SPALAHOKES, WITH VONONES. BAZIAEHZ BAZI- AEilN MErAAOY ONHNOY King r., on horseback ; holds lance couched. (a) Silver. T^'V'iT' {Maharaja hhrata dhrantikasa Spaldliorasq). Zeus, laur., facing, clad in hima^ tion ; holds thunderbolt and long sceptre. tor., S. [I. O.C. PI. XXI. 7.] to r., S . to 1., IB . [PL XXI. 8.] (j8) Bronze; square. BAZIAEHZ BAZI- AEHN MErAAOY ONflNOY Herakles, facing ; holds in 1. hand, club and lion's skin; and with r., crowns himself. T^'V'iT) {Maharaja bJirata dhramikasa Spalaliorasa). Pallas 1., wearing helmet; holds in r. hand, wreath ; in 1., spear and shield bound with fiUet ; sword slung round waist. to 1., K , [PI. XXI. 9.] SPALAGADAMES, WITH VONONES. 99 No. -wt. Metal. Size. Obvorae. Reverse. SPALAGADAMES, WITH VONONES. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEflN MEfAAOY ONflNOY King r., on horseback ; holds lance couched. 36-1 36-5 36-8 36-2 ^•65 M-7 M-65 (a) Silver. T7vp5 y.\/, ^'vriT* T«-''l^«i7' 8palalim-a putrasa dhramiasa Spalagada- ~masa). Zeus, facing, laur., clad in himation ; holds thunderbolt and long sceptre. to 1., TO . [PI. XXI. 10.] @. [T. 0. C] {j3) Bronze; square. BAZIAEnZ BAZI- AEHN MEPAAOY ONflNOY Herakles, facing ; holds in 1. hand, club and lion's skin; and with r., crowns himself. iE-75 ^•8 T7M'5 y-\fi *TVH7' T'-'^3'*~17' Spalakora putrasa dhramiasa Spalagada- masa). PaUas 1., wearing hel- met ; holds in r. hand, wreath (?) ; in 1., spear and shield bound with fillet ; sword slung round waist. to 1., @ . [PI. XXI. 11.] 100 GEEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTBU AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. M-S5 ^•85 36-6 26-7 M-55 M-6 SPALAGADAMES, WITH SPALYEIS. (a) Bronze; square. EnAAYPInC AIKAI- □YAAEA<|)nYTaY BACIAEWC King r., on horseback. T;M'f r.\/r ^'VriT. T'-'^3'rl7» Spalaliora putrasa dhramiasa Spalagada- niasa). Herakles, diad., seated 1. on rocks ; holds in r. hand, cluh, which rests on knee. to 1., I „ El. [PI. XXI. 12.] SPALIRISES ; AS KING'S BEOTHER. (a) Silver. BACIAEWC AAEA- OY CnAAIPlCoY King r., on horseback ; holds lance couched. T7S'5 .'V'Ti* ^^.'^v Tn'+1'^|7» {Maharaja hhraha dhramiasa Spalirisagd). Zeus, facing, wearing himation ; holds thunderbolt and long sceptre. to 1., [PI. XXII. 1.] - * Or .\7i bhratrd. V. Sallet writes (p. 353), die Form bhrahu fur Bruder wird vou saojikuiidiger Seite fiir bereohtigt erklart. SPALIEISESJ AS KINO. 101 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. SPALIKISES ; AS KING. (a) Bronze; square. BAtlAEWN BACIA- eoje: mefaaqy CnAAIPICDY King, standing I. ; holds battle-axe ; bow at bis side. iE-9 .^•9 ^■95 M -9 M-9 T n^'HT' {Mdliarajasa nidhatakasa Spalirisasa). Zeus, radiate, seated 1. on throne ; r. hand extended ; in 1., sceptre. to r., ® . „ ®. [I. 0. C. PI. ixii. 2.] [I. 0. C] * Restruck on copper of Vonones with Spalahorea or Spalagadames (?j. Club of Herakles seen ou obv. [7), 102 GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. SPALIEISES, WITH AZES. badaecoe: mefa- AOY PnAAIPICOY King r., on horseback; holds lance couched. 37-7 37-8 34-5 30-9 M-6 M-65 (a) Silv&r. r A 7 (Maharajasa mdhdtahasa Ayasd). Zeus, facing, laur., clad in himation ; holds thun- derbolt and long sceptre, to 1., ffl ; to r., T . » Jl if 13 )J )» >1 ») ij )> J) J> [I. 0. C. PL XXII. 3.] [I. 0. C] {0) Bronze ; round. BACIACWC MEFA- AOY inAAIPICOY King r., oA horseback; holds ankus. iE-95 T/\/ {Maharajasa mahdtaJcasa Ayasa). Strung bow and arrow 1. above, ® , [PI. XXII. 4.] G0ND0PHAEE3. 103 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. RoTerse, 144 -2 136-5 142- 143- 37-6 38-5 40-6 M-d5 GONDOPHAEES. (a) Sase ailver ; type, Zeus. BACIAELUIDAELUN MEfAAl VMAOQPP The king r., on horse- back ; arm extended ; in front, 2. . ^■95 iR-9 ^•45 ^•45 inscr. BACIAEUJC BACIAEUJN &c. (j8) Base BACIAe . BACI- A6WN M€rAA» TNAO<|>EPPO The king, diad., r., on horse- back ; to r,, 3, ■ inscr. BACIAEWC □ V qEqV VMAa oEPP Inscr. barbarous. Head of the king r., diad. (^Maharaja rajadiraja tradata de- vafrata* Oudapliarasa). Zeus, naked to waist, standing r. ; r. arm extended ; in 1., long sceptre. tol., #1; tor., "1 1/. [LO.C. PI. XXII. 5.] „ „B;., :^ ^'. [LO.C] silver; type, Pallas. {Maharaja rajadiraja tradata de- vatrata Gfudapharasa). Pallas r., armed ; in her 1. ,hand, spear and shield j her r. advanced. to 1., ^ ; to r., w [PI. XXII. 6.] '^'n"H£^ (MaJiarajasa mdhatasa Oiidapharasa). Pallas r., fighting ; holds thunderbolt and shield. in field, 2 9- . [PI. XXII, 7.] * Devatrdta, protected by the Gods. This word has been read by Gen, Cunningham Demliada, as a rendering of ee6Tpoiros. 104 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal, Size. Obverse. Reverae. (y) Base silver ; type, Siva. 10 11 t 12 146-2 137-4 145-8 146-7 108-5 M-95 ^•95 ^•95 M-9 M-85 BACIACWC BACI- AeWN M€rAAOY VNAO<|>6PPOY The king 1., on horse- back ; r. hand raised ; behind him, Nike flying 1., holding wreath and palm; to 1., ^ . below, T' . BACIAEUIN BAD- AEUJM rDl/IAa4]A- PdY The king r., on horseback; holds ankus in extended r. hand; to below, "^ (Maharajasa rajarajasa tradatasa devatratasa Cfudapharasa). Siva, facing ; holds in r. hand, trident ; in 1., palm. to 1., 6 ; to r., ^ . [PI. XXII. 8.] y » » » )) [I. O. C] (A for ^ in inscr.) T"i~w rj^^'n ^"l'^^^ TTH^iy "l\79*.. {Maharaja rajaraja maliatasa . . devatrata Gtidapharasd) . Siva, facing ; r. extended ; in 1., trident. to 1., 1^ ; to r., mon. [I. O.C. PI. XXII. 9.] (S) Base silver ; type, Nike. BA' CIA€ The king, diad., seated 1. on throne with back ; on the top of which il il j r. hand raised. AAOVVNAO holds wreath and palm. Nike tol., '*f ; tor., <|>. [PI. XXII. 10.] * The missing letters look like HM' mita (for mitra ?). t This coin, as well as some of those which precede it, is apparently wholly or almost wholly made of copper ; but the nature of the types indi- cates ifcat it was intended to pass among the debased silver coins of the period. aONDOPHARES. 105 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reyerse. (e) Copper ; type, Nike. BACIAEnC CflTH- PdC YNAacl^EP- PDV Bust of the king r., diad. {Mdharajasa Gudaphanasa trada- tasa). Nike r. ; holds wreath and palm. 13 ^•9 14 ^1- \ 15 ^•95 16 ^•95 17 M-85 ((0 for 12 in inscr.). 18 JE-95 19 M-9 20 JE-9 21 ^•9 (inscr, begins BACIA- EON). [I. 0. C. PI. XXII. 11.] (X) Bronze; square. ntiArnV EfAAaV PdNAA sio. King 1., on horseback ; re- ceived by Nike, who holds wreath. TM~^^7 TT'M'? (....■. dhamikasa apratihatasa devatratasa (devahadasa) Gada- pharasa). S. ■ 22 iE-85 to 1., '^ J to r., T • [1.0. C. PL XXII. 12.] p 106 GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. EeTerae. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (ri) Base silver ; with inser. Sasasa, Inscr. corrupt. The king, diad., r., on horseback ; r. hand raised; to r., S. U9-8 1S3-4 138- 148- 129-5 154-3 134-9 41'9 ^•85 ^•8 ^-8 ^•8 ^•85 M-9, below, h ; to r., Y . „ 7 h. „ uncertain letters. » l> tt (obscure), Similar. , 152-5 151-8 41-8 41-85 to r., 7 , 150-7 41-8 T^\79 T'T^v^ T7^~w *r'n'H^3* (Maharajasa mahatasa devatratasa (devaha- dasa) Gadqpharaga) ; in ex., 'Y^'Y (Sasasa). Zeus, diad., standing r. ; r. hand advanced ; in 1., long sceptre ; to L, J^ . tol., uncertain letter; tor., ?■ AjA A. below, A ; to r., 7 h . »> O ; )» II j> I) ^ i -ii II II II II II II )i II n^i II II II (obscure). T'Y'i^.V"! T*y"i~'^ T^TH^y (Maharajasa rajadirajasa Gadajpharasa); in ex., TTT (Sasasa). Zeus 1.; Mke in extended r. hand. tol., 1^; tor., B. ' [I.O.C. PI. XXII. 13.1 I. ;i ,1 ,1 [I. 0. C] >> I! II 2! ABDAQASES, 107 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Keverse. ABDAGASES. (a) Copper ; as King. BACIA€WC CWTH- POC A[BAAr]ACoV Bust of the king r., diad. 150- 155-5 iE-85 M-i5 M-9 M-9 (inscr. BACIA6YC CWTHP....)- (Tradatasa maharajasd Avadaga- sasa). Nike r., holding wreath and palm. [PI. XXIII. 1.] to 1., uncertain letters, (fi) BasesilvBf; as King's iiepkev). M-85 M-9 7 il501 Jl-85 „ „ BASIAEYaNTnS BA^IAEWNr AB- AAPA^QY (The BA of Abdagases' name read sometimes as the first letters of BASIA- EYdNTdS ; the let- ter which foUows BA- 5IAEflN is uncertain [lorS?]). The king 1., on horseback ; iii front, toL, ?. Tni'<;77 Y^iCX (^Gadapharabhradaputrasa maha- tajasa tradatasa Avadagasasa)i Zeus, standing r. : holds sceptre ; r. hand advanced. to 1., V ^ ; to r., T Zr . [PI. XXIII. 2.] )* )j II I' II " 1U6 GREEK AKD BCiii ■ST =..oii.^d AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BASIAEYDNTaS BASIAEGDNI AB- AAPASDY (The B A of Abdagases' name read sometimes as the firstlettersof BASIA- EYdNTPS; the let- ter which follows BA- SIAEilN is uncertain [lorS?]). The king 1., on horseback ; in front, Tnfc;77 T^£\ {Gadaphardbhradaputrasa maha- rajasa tradatasa Avadaqasnsa). Zeus, standing r. ; holds sceptre ; r. hand advanced. 8 149-5 ^•85 to 1., /f -3- J to r., & ^ . [I. 0. C] 9 149-2 ^•85 tol.,^. » >i ;> D ; „ „ 1, 10 146-4 ^-8 „ 7». » ^ » » » » 11 142-5 ^-9 „ b. »» » J> jj >» )> 12 158-5 ^-85 „ 9. >r )! » I) „ I) 13 142-4 ^•95 type r. )> I) J) B !• 14 150-2 .51-95 )» I) " I) )) 7 . [I. 0. C] 15 124-4 ^-85 )> !> » ,, 2 T . 16 121-5 m-85 inscr. rV]NAIEPOA- AEAl[AEa)C [PL xxiii. 3.] ORTHAGNES. 109 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. ^■9 Ml 05 ^•95 M-9 M-9 ^1-05 ^•95 OETHAGJSTES. (a) Bronze. BACIA6VC BACI- AeU)N M€rAC oPGArNHC Bust of the king 1., diad. ; wears torquis. inscr. ends OPOAFN . B MerAAOY oPGArNoY Similar. ."l^T ^V^:S T"i~^ {Maharajasa rajadirajasa maka- tasa Gudaphara sagaba . ?).* Nike r. ; holds wreath and palm. tol., ^ ^; tor., >F, [PI. XXIII. 9.] ») 11 i> „ V ; „ „ (last letter of inscr. absent). jj )» yy SI )) J> to 1., uncertain letter ; to r., J . Illegible inscr. Similar type. tol., H'; tor., ^-'. * This is Gen. Otmningham's reading : sagaba he supposes to stand for sagarbha, ' brother.' On no. 2 of the British Musenm coins there is another letter at the end, which looks like Q^ (rea or da), but which may be a badly formed f. 110 GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINOS OP BAOTHIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BACIAGYC BACI- A6WN M€rAC DAKOPHC Bust of the king I., -wears tor- quis ; behind, star. 157-6 139-4 ^•95 ^-85 ^1- Ml- Ml- M-9 Ml-05 Ml-05 PACOEES. (a) Bronze. T^Jr/y TS^*-* (Maha- rajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Pa- Icurasa). Nike 1. ; holding wreath and palm. to 1., uncertain letter ; to r,, lA, [PI. xxiii. 8.] 11 I 1 „ uncertain letter ; » t; „ uncertain letter ; ZElOJSriSES. (a) Silver ; type. King on horseback. CATPAPY The king Z€ . . I/IDOY r., on horseback ; in r. hand whip ; bow tied to saddle ; to r., %? . beneath, n *^ . „ / and other letters. y\^ yh\y T-i^c T7-921I TA\Y (^Mani'i\giblasa chhatrapasa putra- sa chhatrapasa Jihuniasa). King r., facing a City who wears mural crown, and holds wreath and cor- nucopiae. to 1 , ^ -, to r., Tj . [PI. xxiii. 4.] .. .. ., ,, [I. 0. C] ZEIONISES. Ill No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse, Keverse. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^1- Ml- (|3) Bronze ; types, lion and hull. ]AOYYIYCATPAn[ Humped IduII r. ; above, to r., T . {[Mani^* gulaputrasa chhatrapasa Jihuniasd). Lion r. to 1., 4\ ; to r., 3 ; below, 2 ■ [PI. xxiii. 5.] I> >> J> ?. ^1- ^1- ^1- ^•85 iK'8 ^■8 UXCEETAIN KINGS, (a) Bronze; square. Illegible Greek inscrip- tion ; in which some- times the word CAT- PA n and sometimes XAPANIU is visible. King r., on horseback ; lance couched. to r., ll . „ T. Illegible Indian inscription ; the words % P\/[ {chhatrapasa) and T*\iA (pufrasa) sometimes visible. Lion r. above, iT ; to r., X . )) J) J) ?) „ „ [PI. XXIII. 6.] J) 3j ff a )i )) n 7* [L 0. C] » o )1 * Or mahigulasa. This is supposed to give us the name of the father of Zeioniaes. The word Jihuniasa is not clear on any British Museum speci- mens in bronze. 112 GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS Or BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 15 16 (0) Bronze; round. M-^ 8 M-m 9 10 ^•9 iE-95 11 ^•9 12 .a; -95 13 ^•9 U ^•9 M-15 M-m Debased Greek legend. Humped bull r. ; above, y. to r., uncertain letter. jj »» „ ^. 1) ^^ • „ Z'. Undetermiiied Indian legend. Bac- trian camel r. to r., J ; above, A . „ uncertain letter. „ "T . [PI, XXIII. 7.] „ ^. „ uncertain letter. (inscr. TA^MlA*! TA^l'V/W &c.) to r., uncertain letter. above, uncertain letter ; to r., Z ''l • above, BA l^J ; to r., un- certain letter. to r., uncertain letter. (inscr. T^^~"-' &c.) to r., uncertain letter. [Various readings of these two classes of coins have been pub lished by Gen. Cunningham, J. A. S. B. 1854, pp. 695, 698 ; and by von Sallet, Zeitsch. f. Num. 1879, 369, 370. The British Museum specimens are not sufficiently well-preserved to enable us to give any certain .readings]. SANABARES. 113 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 58-5 ^•75 M-eb .^•65 ^■6 SANABAEES. Bust of the king 1., wear- ing tiara of late Par- thian form, and torquis; behind, A^ 11 (ath). (a) Silver. BACIAEYC MErAC CANABA King dressed in Parthian style, seated r. on throne with back ; holds bow. in front, 7\ ; above, FIT. [PI. xxrii. 10.] (j8) Bronze ; Parthian class. Head of the king 1., diad. Inscr. (?) ^•85 BAEIIAE CANABAPHC King seated r. on stool ; holds bow. in front, Fl. [PL xxiii. 11.] A n. (barbarous). (y) Bronze ; Baetrian class. BAZIA6YZ . . . ? (cor- rupt). Bust of the king 1., wearing tiara. EANAKAPOY Nike r., holds wreath. [PI. XXIII. 12.] 114 GBEEE AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reveree. BASILEUS SOTEE TVTFiGAS. (a) Base silver ; with GreeJc and Indian legends. BACIA6YC BA]CI- ACYVWN CVUTHP MerAC The king r., on horseback; r., hand advanced; to r., (Maharajasa raja'\dirajasa [rwa]- hatasa tradatasa). Zeus, standing r., clad in himation ; r. hand raised ; in 1., sceptre. 1 146-4 ^■9 to 1 , ^ ; to r., uncertain object. [PI. XXIV. 1.] (/8) Copper; with GreeJc legends. Bust of the king r., diad. and radiate; hand holds lance," bound with fillet ; behind, "^ - BACIAEVC BACrAEVUJN ClUTHP MEPAC (frequently blundered). The king r., on horse- back, diad.; holds ankusi to r.,"^. 2 M-8 3 M-8 - [PI. XXIV. 2.] 4 M-8 5 M-8 [I. 0. C. PI. XXIV. 3.] 6 M-8 [I. 0. C] .7 M-8 ' • 8 M-9 - 9 M-8 BASILEUS SOTER MEGAS. 115 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 10 iE-85 Bust of the king r., diad. and radiate ; hand holds lance, bound with fillet ; behind, "^ . BADAEVC BACIAEVlUN CIJJTHP MEFAC (frequently blundered). The king r. , on horse- hack, diad. ; holds ankus Ho r., '^. 11 M-75 (inscr. ends BACIAElUNClUTH). 12 ^•8 (inscr. barbarous). [I. 0. C] Similar. BAEIAEVE BAEIAEVIUN EUJTHP M Similar. 13 ^■55 14 ^•55 15 ^•6 \ 16 iE-5 17 M-5 18 ^■55 19 ^•6 [I. 0. C. PL XXIV. 4.J 20 M-5 21 M-5 [I. 0. C] 22 M-55 (inscr. barbarous). 116 GEBEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. ObTsrse. Keverse. 23 U 25 26 27 M-7 M-1 M-1 ^■95 ^■95 Bust of the king r., diad. j to r., '^'. 184 '4 ^1-2 Bust of the king 1., wear- ing crested helmet ; in r. hand, lance : lillet border. to 1., -^ ; to r., "^ , >j )> )) ?) ]BACrA[€WN]CaJTHPM[ Zeus, standing 1. ; holds in r. hand, thunderbolt over altar; in 1., scep- tre. (inscr. . . BACIAEYWM ). . [PI. XXIV. 5.] BACIA€V BACIA€VW[N CjvuTHP M€rAC King on horseback r., holding ankus ; to [I. 0. C. PI. XXIV. 6.] HEEAtJS (EEAtJS). Bust of the king r., diad. fillet-border. (a) Silver, TY/ANNdYNTdC H/AnY ZAM A Md/ZANqY* The king r., on horseback; bow and quiver tied to saddle; Jbehind, ]S"ike r., crowning him. in field r., B . [PI. xxiv. 7.] * As to this legend, sec Introduction. HYECODBS. 117 No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse, HYECODES. (a) Silver ; type, a Deity standing. YPKOJAOY Bust of the Ifing with peaked beard r., diad. MAKAPOY APAHGROY Figure of a Deity (?), facing; holds spear in r. hand ; flames on shoulders. 1 44-9 ^■65 [PI. XXIV. 8.] 2 43-5 JR-7 3 45-2 M-65 [I. 0. C] 4 27-5 M-7 VUKWAOY Similar. . OAKAPO OVHOP Similar. 5 44- M-7 6 7 8 42-5 39-7 51-5 M-Q5 JR-65 M-7 [I. 0. C] [PI. XXIV. 9.] 9 30- M-55 Barbarous imitation of the above. Barbarous imitation. [I. 0. C] 10 20-2 ^■55 11 23-2 ^■6 12 26- ^•6 [PI. XXIV. 10.] 13 17-5 ^•55 118 GEBEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA. No. ,wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Beyerse, Barbarous imitation fur- ther degraded. Barbarous imitation. 14 34-4 ^•55 [I. 0. C] 15 19- ^■5 16 17-6 M-55 17 12 -3 M-5 18 10- M-55 19 13-8 M-4=5 20 101 M-4: [PI. XXIV. 11. J (/8) Silver ; type, horse. VPKWA Bust of the king r., diad. VPKWA Forepart of bridled horse r. 21 23-3 M-55 22 23-8 M-5 [PI. XXIV. 12.] 23 22-5 M-5 24 14- M-i5 [I. 0. C] 25 10-8 M-5 26 14-2 M-4:5 > 27 14- M-5 (barbarous legend). (barbarous legend). [PI. xxiv. 13.] 28 11-6 M-5 J) a UNCERTAIN KINGS. 119 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Ee verse. KINGS OF UNCERTAIN NAME. SAPADBIZES (?). (a) Silver. Bust of a king r., in hel- met like that of Eucra- tides. NANAIA Liour. NANAIA 1 25-3 ^■65 behind, AVE€I HA above, A . 2 26-2 ^■6 „ CAHAABIZ „ „ [I.O.C. PI. XXIV. 14.] 3 31-5 ^•6 „ CAnAAmiZHC „ „ [I.O.C. PI. XXIV. 15.] PHSEIGACHAEIS (?). (a) Silver. Bust of Scythian king r., diad. CflllEirA Herakles, facing ; holds XAPIC in r. hand, club; in 1., lion's skin. 1 37-6 ^•6 [I.O.C. Pi. XXIV. 16.] 2 36-8 M-6 120 GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 9 10 HEEMAEUS AND KADPHI8ES I. (a) Copper ; type of rev., Herdkles. M-9 M •85 M ■9 M ■9 M ■9 M •9 ^•9 / iE-9 iE-85 ^■85 BAZIAEnZ ZTH- PQZ ZV EPMAIQV (often corrupted). Bust of Hermaeus r., diad. r^'^^Z {Kujula Jtasasa hushana yavu(fjgasa dhramathi- dasa). Herakles, facing, diad. j holds in r. hand, club; in 1., lion's skim [I. 0. C. PI. XXV. 1.] [I. 0. C.J * This reading is made up from several specimens. General Cunning- ham transliterates the last two words yathagasa dltarmapidaaa (J. A. 8. B., 18.54). The reading of the last word adopted in the text is Lassen's. HERMAEUS AND KADPHISBS. 121 ... Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BAZIAEnZ ZTH- PaZ ZV EPMAiav (often corrupted). Bust of Hermaeus r., diad. T«;-H-v^5[nJ5-] {Kujula- kasasa hushana yavu(f)gasa dhra- (dha)mathidasa). Herakles, facing, diad.; holds in r. hand, club ; in 1., lion's skin. 11 ^•9 lower line of insor. ZAEaV 12 ^•9 inscr. retrograde. inscr. varied. [PI. xxv. 2.] 13 ^•9 inscr. retrograde and bar- barous. )> » U ^1- twice struck. inscr. varied ; in field, d . 15 ^•8 degraded copy. degraded copy. 16 M-75 17 ^■85 18 M-7 19 M-7 ^ 20 M-6 ^ 21_, M-6 122 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse, KADPHISES I. (a) Copper ; type, Herahles. Inscr. as below. Bust of Hermaeus r., diad. ^•95 iE-95 ^■9 ^■85 iE-9 ^•9 iE-9 ^•85 KaPCNAKoZDVAn- KAA^ilZaV KnznVADKAAcpl- Zav KDPDMAKDZaVAa MDKAActllCHOH AAcplZ ctilZQVKaAL K.ZQYAaKAA ZV inscr. blundered. Jcasasa kushanayavugasa dhra{dhay mathidasa). Herakles, facing, diad. ; holds in r. hand, club; in L, lion's skin. in field, 5 *1 . [I. 0. C. PI. xxv. 3.] [I. 0. C] (inscr. varied). . 1 y *1 . [PI. xxv. 4.J h • (inscr. varied), uncertain letter. it. [I. 0. C] X. [I. 0. C] )J J> KADAPHES. 123 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. KADAPHES. .(a) Bronze; type of rev., Mng seated. XOPANCY ZAooY* KOZOAA KAAA iPEC Head of the king r., diad. (closely resembling that of Au- gustus); y 7-H"vJl; ^ T {Klmshanasa yauasa kuyula haplhsasa sacha- dhramafliidasa). The king seated r. on seat like curule chair ; his r. hand extended ; in field 1., A . 1 ^•8 [PI. XXV. 5..] 2 M-7 3 JE.-7 ^ 4 M-7 [I. 0. C] 5 M-7 [I. 0. C] 6 M-7 [I. 0. C] 7 .^•75 8 ^■7 to r., "Z . [I. 0. C] 9 M-7 » i> 10 M-7 >> » 11 M-&b barbarous inscr. ; head 1. barbarous. [I. 0. C] * The "Brat O in ZAOOY has been read as a O ; but wrongly, as is shewn by the corresponding Sai iskrit form yauasa. \ 124: GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BiCTRIA AND INDIA, Nd. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Beverse. ^ KADPHISES II. (a) Gold ; type, figure or head of king. BACIAEYCOOH MO- KAA<|)ICHC The king, wearing helmet and diadem, seated fa- cing on throne ; head turned to 1. ; flames as- cend from his shoul- ders ; * in his right a branch ; beneath his feet a footstool ; to r., ^ . ^Z\yr\^7j^rf' (Maha- rajasa rajadirajasa, sai-valoga isvor rasa mahisvarasa M{\)mdkapisasa tradata). Siva facing, head 1. ; holds trident in r. hand ; drapery over 1. arm and hanging at back ; flames rising from head; behind him, humped bull r. ; to 1., )^ . 1 244-2 ^•95 to 1., club. Same inscr. The king, wearing helmet and diadem, seated facing, cross-legged, on clouds ; head turned to r. ; in his r. is a club; his head is surmounted by a trident ; to 1., ^. [I. 0. C. PI. XXV. 6.] Similar. 2 245- Nl- Same inscr. Upper part of the king r., emerging from clouds ; wears hel- met- and diadem, and Greek chlamys ; club inr. hand; to 1., ^. [PI. XXV. 7.] Same inscr. (i of isvara^a wanting). Siva facing, wears headdress and drapery over shoulder ; holds tri- dent in r. hand ; behind him bull r.; tol., y. 3 122-4 N-1b • This is so usual on the gold coins of this king, ttat it wiU be omitted in subsequent descriptions. + This letter looks on the cot ns rather like tri or dri than hi. KADPHISES 11. 125 No, Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 123-2 120- ^■75 BACIAEYCOOH MO KAA<1)ICHC Simi- lar, king wears diadem, but not helmet. ^•7 122- 121-2 121-2 122-4 Similar. ^£\ T^^^'-''5«' (Maha. rajana rajadirajasa, sarvaloga is- varasa mahisvarasa himalmpisasa tradata), last letters obscure. Siva facing, wears headdress and dra- pery over shoulder ; holds trident in r. hand; behind him bull i to 1., y . [I. 0. C. PI. XXV. 8.] Same inscr. (last letters obscure). Siva facing, head 1. ; holds in r. hand, trident and battle-axe com- buied; in 1., gourd j tiger-skin on 1. arm ; hair arranged in spiral form ; to I., Xy ', to r., 1^ . [I. 0. C] Same inscr. Tipper part Similar of the king 1., emerging from clouds, wears dia- dem and helmet sur- mounted by trident ; holds in r. hand, clab ; in 1., elephant-goad ; to i^-85 ^•8 Same inscr. Tipper part of the king r., emerging from clouds, wears dia- dem and helmet sur- mounted by trident ; holds in r. hand, club ; tol., T?. [I. Q. C. PI. XXV. 9.] Similar. [I. 0. C."] 126 GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 10 30-5 W-45 11 56-5 Ml 12 13 ^M ^M BACIAEYC00H[ MO KAA<|)ICHC Head of king r., wearing hel- met and diadem; within square frame. {Maharaja rajadiraja hima Tcapi- sasa). Trident and battle-axe com- bined ; to 1., ^ ; to r., 3^? . [PI. XXV. 10.] (/8) Silver ; type, king standing. BACIACVC BACI- A€(jON M€rAC oohMO KAA«I>I- ChC The king stand- ing 1., wearing diadem and helmet, sacrificing at altar ; to I., trident and axe combined; tor., club and ^ , 'n£ 1, {Maharajasa rajadira-^ jasa sarvaloga iwara mahisvara himakapisasa tradata). Siva facing; wears headdress and dra- pery over shoulder ; holds trident in r. hand ; behind, him, bull r. [I. 0. C. PI. XXV. 11.] [This coin, which is quite genuine, is the only known specimen of the class in silver.] (y) Copper ; type, king standing. [Inscription on both sides varied and incomplete in various specimens.] BACIA€VC BACI- A€CjON CWTHP M€rAC OOHMO KAAICHC The king 1., sacrificing at altar ; to 1., trident and axe combined; to r., club and ^. "I £X Tn^ ^v-»')J. (^Maha. rajasa rajadirajasa, sarvaloga is- varasa mahisvarasa himakapisasa tradata). Siva facing, holding trident ; drapery hanging at his back ; behind him, bull ; to 1., X^. . [I. O. C. PI. XXV. 12.] KADPHISES II. 127 Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. BACIA6VC BACI- A€OaN CCDTHP M€rAC OOHMO KAA<|)ICHC The king 1., sacrificing at altar ; to 1., trident and axe combined; to r.,club and ^ . ^1-05 ^1-1 ^1-1 ^1-05 ^1-25 Ml- ^1-05 ^1-1 M 1-05 ^1-15 Ml-l'o ^1-1 ^1- (twice struck). ^LXT^^Tj ^'f' (Maha. rajasa rajadirajasa, sanaloga is- varasa mahisvarasa Mmakapisasa tradata). Siva facing, holding trident ; drapery hanging at his back ; behind him, buU ; to 1., l^f . [I.O.C] in inscr. T\~\'2^ betveeen second and third words. 128 GEEEK ANB SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA, No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Beverse. 27 35 iE-85 28 ^•65 29 ^■75 30 M-7 31 M-75 32 M-7 33 M-7 34 M-7 M-7 BACIA6VC BACI- A€a)N CWTHP M€rAC OOHMO KAA«t>ICHC The king 1., sacrificing at altar ; to 1., trident and axe combined; to r.,club and fy. ^ £X yn^Jj'^rf' {Maha- ' rajasa rajadirajasa, sarvaloga is- varasa mahisvarasa Mmakapisasa tradata). Siva facing, holding trident; drapery hanging at his back ; behind him, bull ; to 1., 3^ . [PI. XXV. 13.] [I. O. C. PI. XXV, 14.] [I. 0. C] I in place of inscr., fillet-border. KANERKES. 129 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 121-8 j;r-8 ^■9 M-9 M-9 M-85 M-9 KANEEKES. (a) Gold ; inscription, /Saa-iXivs /Sao-iXeW. BACIA6YC BACI A€WN KANHP- KOY The king L, wearing helmet and dia- dem, clad in coat and trousers, and cloak, sa- crificing at altar ; flames rise from shoulders ; holds in 1. hand, spear. CAAHNH Selene* (male) L, diad., clad in chiton and himation; crescent behind shoulders ; r. hand advanced ; holds in 1. long sceptre, bound with fiUet ; sword girt round waist ; to 1., ^ . [I. 0. C. PI. XXVI. 1.] (j8) Bronze ; inscription, /SacrtXeis /JatrtXeW. BACIA€YC BACI A€(ON KANHP- KOY The king as above. Similar. HAIOC Helios 1., diad., clad in chiton and himation ; radiate disk behind head ; r. hand advanced ; I. on hip j to 1., tJ • [I. 0. C. PI. XXVI. 2.J NANAIA Nanaia r., nimbate and diad. ; holds in r. hand sceptre ending in forepart of horse ; to [I. 0. C. PI. XXVI. 3.] * The figure of Selene is identical -with that which appears on the coin inscribed MAO ; it is that of a male moon-deity. 130 GEEEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 13 122-8 121-9 27-7 122-8 120-2 122 (y) Gold ; inscription, PAON ANO &c. PAONANOPAOKA NhPKIKoPANO The king standing 1., wearing helmet and dia- dem, clad in coat and trousers, and cloak ; ■flames rise from his shoulders ; he holds in r. hand elephant-goad over altar ; in his 1., spear ; sword at his Tvaist. Similar. -^-8 Similar. (same die). Simil9,r. 16 109-2 ^-8 A0PO Bearded deity, fire-god, 1., diad., clad in' chiton and hima- tion ; holds in r. hand, wreath ; in 1., which rests on hip, tongs; tol., ^. [PI. XXVI. 4.] [I. O. C. PI. XXVI. 5.] APAOXPO Female figure r., wear- ing modius and nimbate, clad in chiton and himation ; holds cornu- copiae ; to r., ^J . [PI. XXVI. 6.] A Poo AC no Bearded deity r., diad., clad in sleeved tunic; holds in r. hand, wreath ; beside him, horse r., saddled, trotting ; io\.,X$ • [PI. XXVI. 7.] (same die). [I. 0. C] BOAAO Buddha, facing, nimbate, clad in chiton and himation; r. hand advanced ; in 1., wallet : tor, ty. [I. 0. C. PI. XXVI. 8.] KANEBKES. 131 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 121 9 122-3 118- 122-3 123-2 120-3 122-2 30-2 .^■75 N-8 ^•8 N-8 Jf-8 ^■5 PAONANOPAOKA NhPKIKoPANO The king standing ]., wearing helmet and. dia- dem, clad in coat and trousers, and cloak ; flames rise from his shoulders ; he holds in r. hand elephant-goad over altar ; in his 1., spear; sword at his waist. Similar. Similar. Similar. Similar. MAO Male deity (moon-god) 1., diad., clad in chiton and himation ; crescent behind shoulders ; r. hand advanced; holds in 1., long sceptre, bound with fiUet ; sword girt round waist ; to 1., \f . [PL 9.] (no sword). M€IPO Mithras, diad. and with radiate disk, to 1. ; i. hand ad- vanced ; in 1., sceptre bound with fillet ; sword girt round waist ; to 1., X^ . M 1 1 PO Mithras, to 1. ; r. hand ad- vanced ; 1. rests on hip ; sword at waist ; to 1. t5 • [PI. XXVI. 10.] NANA Nanaia r., nimbate and diad., head surmounted by cres- cent ; holds sceptre ending in forepart of horse, and patera; to r, ^ . NANAPAO Similar figure of Nanaia ; to r., XJ • (sword at waist). [PL xxvi. 11.] „ [I.O. C. PL XXVI. 12.] 132 GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. PAONANOPAOKA OKPO Siva 1., nimbate; hair in NhPKIKOPANO horn on top of head ; has four The king standing 1., arms and hands, in which he holds wearing helmet and dia- respectively a vase, a drum, a dem, clad in coat and trident, and a goat, the last by trousers, and cloak ; the horns ; to 1., Xj • flames rise from his shoulders ; he holds in r. hand elephant-goad over altar; in his I, spear ; sword at his waist. 25 123- N-8 [PI. XXVI. 13.] 26 123-4 N -lb [I. 0. C] 27 122- M-1f> J) '28 29- N-b Similar. [I. 0. C. PI. XXVI. 14.] OPAAPNO War-god (Bahram ?) r., wearing diadem, helmet sur- mounted by eagle, and clad like the king ; holds in r. hand, spear ; in I., sword ; to r., X7 • 29 121-3 ^-85 Similar. [PI. XXVI. 15.] APPO Male figure to r., diad. and nimbate, clad in chiton and hima- tion ; holds spear in 1. hand, and mountain or fire in r. ; to r., ^ . 30 122-8 ^-8 PAONANOKANHP Kl KOPANO Bust of the king 1., diad. and wearing helmet ; 1. hand raised, holds spear ; body emer- ges from clouds. [PI. XXVI. 16.] A0PO Bearded deity 1., clad in chiton and himation ; holds in r. hand wreath; in 1., which rests on hip, tongs ; to 1., fj. 31 30-8 N-5 Similar. [I. 0. C. PL XXVI. 17.] OKPO Siva, as above, not nim- bate ; to 1. ?y . 32 30-1 i^-5 [PI. XXVI. 18.] KANERKES. 133 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse, 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 30-6 ^•5 Later period. PAO NANOPA[0 [KA]NHPKOKOPANO The king standing 1. at altar, nimbate ; holds r. hand over altar ; in 1., spear bound with fillet ; to ]., trident bound with fillet. A]PAOKPO Goddess, seated facing on throne, nimbate ; tinder feet, footstool ; holds wreath and cor- nucopiae to 1., ^ . [I. 0. C. PI. XXVI. 19.] (S) Bronze; inscr. PAO Sfe. Ml- iEl-05 ^•85 ^•9 ^1-05 ^1-05 M -85 PAOKA NhPKI The king, clad as in last class, standing 1. by altar ; holds in 1. hand spear ; r. extended over altar. inscr. barbarous. Similar. Similar. king nimbate ; to 1,, fj . A0PO Bearded deity 1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath ; in 1., which rests on hip, tongs (?) ; to 1., ^ . [PI. XXVII. l.J OAYOBOY Buddha facing, nim- CAKAMA bate: his r. hand raised as in teaching ; in 1., wallet ; to 1., ^ . [PI. XXVII. 2.] [I. 0. C] M AO Male deity 1., clad as king ; crescent behind shoulders; r. hand advanced ; in 1., long sceptre bound with fiUet: sword at waist: IXU to 1., t7 ■ [PL XXVII. 3.] deity does not hold sceptre. 134 GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA, No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obyerae. EeverBe. - PAOKA NhPKI The king standing 1. as be- fore ; holds in 1. hatid spear ; r. extended over altar. MAO Male deity 1., clad as king; crescent behind shoulders ; r. hand advanced; in 1., long sceptre bound with fillet; sword at waist; toi., iSr. 42 M-75 to 1., 'y . (inscr. retrogr.) (inscr. retrogr.) 43 ^•75 )j » deity does not hold sceptre. 44 ~iE-75 J) 1) » » »> 45 JK-5 Siinilar. jj j> J) M lOPO Sun-god, Mithras, 1., diad. with radiate disk, clad as king; r. hand advanced ; in 1., sword ; 46 Ml-05 [PI. XXVII. 4.] 47 JEl-05 48 Ml- inscr. Ml IPO. 49 iEl-1 )) )t 50 M-8 " >i 51 Ji;-85 52 ^•65 53 M-7 Similar. inscr. MIYPO. NANA Nanaia r., nimbate and diad. ; holds sceptre, ending in forepart of horse, and patera; to 54 iEl-05 [I. 0. C. PI. XXVII. 5.] 55 ^•95 66 ^1' KANEBKES. 135 No. Wt. Metal. Size. - Obverse. Eererse. PAOKA NhPKI The NANA Nanaia r., nimbate and kiug standing 1. by diad. ; holds sceptre, ending in altar; holds in 1. hand forepart of horse, and patera;- to spear ; r. extended over altar. r>S- 57 M-7 tol., Y. 58 M-7 » )j 59 M-7 » >i 60 M-55 61 M-6 Similar. OAAO Wind-god running 1., his hair loose ; holds in both hands ends, of his garment which floats about him ; to 1., ^ . 62 Ml -05 [I. 0. C. PI. XXVII. 6.] 63 Ml-05 [I. 0. C] 64 Ml-05 65 M-G5 Similar. OKRO Siva 1., nimbate; has four arms and hands, in which he holds a wreath, a drum, a trident, and a vase ; to 1,, ^ . 66 Ml- [I. 0. C] 67 Ml- 68 M-8 69 M-8 [I. 0. C. PL xxvii. 7.] - Similar. OKRO Siva 1., nimbate ; holds in 70 JB-75 to 1., ^ . r. hand, trident ; to I., ^ „ 71 ^■75 JJ 3J (not nimbate). 136 GEEEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA, No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 121-5 ^•8 123-5 W-85 120-9 ^-85 123-5 122-8 ^-85 A' -9 HOOEEKES. PAONANOPAOO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds ; is diad. and nimbate ; wears conical helmet and coat of mail ; holds ear of corn and spear.* PAONANOP AOOOh PKIKO SimUar. PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO Similar. (a) Gold. A0OPO Hephaestus standing r., flames rising from shoulders ; holds hammer and tongs ; to r., [PI, XXVII. 8.] AGPO Similar. Similar ; symbol to 1. SunUar. APA€IXPO Sun-god L, diad. and with radiate disk ; r. hand ad- vanced, and two fingers raised ; 1. rests on hip ; to 1., 5t ■ [PI. ixvii. 9.] [I. 0. C] * It has been judged imneoessai-y to describe at length the details of the king's coBtome in this and other coins. HOOKKKES. 137 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. ReTerae, 6 • 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 124-5 122 122-5 122-4 58-3 (plated) 122- 123-5 30-6 Jf-8 .^■85 Jf-8 J^-8 ^•8 W-85 W-85 ^•55 14 15 le 17 122-5 120-7 120-6 30 6 W-85 J^-8 Jf'5 PAONANOPAO oo hPKIKoPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds ; diaJ. and nimbate ; wears conical helmet and coat of mail ; holds ear of corn and spear. inscr. PAONANO OOh PAONANO PAOO OhPKIKOPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of com and elephant-goad, APAOXPO Female deity r., in Greek attire ; holds in both hands cornucopiae ; to r., JQ • [PI. xxvii. 10.] to r,, fire (?). inscr. APAOXPA. [I. 0. C] type 1., and symbol to 1. [I. 0. C] [1. 0. e.] Similar. 181120-9 jV-8 inscr. OYOhPKI OOhPKI. for PAONANOPAO oohPKOKOPANO The king r., riding on elephant ; holds sceptre and elephant-goad. deity with modius and nimbus, inscr. O^OASA- type 1., and symbol to 1. deity with modius and nimbus. [PI. XXVII. 11.] Similar. Deity with modius and nimbus. [PL XXVII. 12.1 138 GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 19 20 122-6 123-3 ^•8 'n-8 21 123- ^■8 22 123-3 .AT -8 23 24 125-5 112-7 W-8 .AT -75 Inscr. obscure. Upper part of king 1., emerg- ing from clouds, diad. ; ■9rears rounded helmet; holds ear of corn and elephant-goad. PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO Upper part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; wears conical hehnet and chlamys "over ar- mour; holds ear of corn and spear. PAONAr/oPA OOOhPKI The king seated cross-legged to 1., diad. and ■ nimbate ; flames rising from shoul- ders ; -wears conical hel- met, and holds ear of com and spear. PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKOPANO Upper part of the king 1. , emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet; holds ear of com and elephant-goad. AOXPO Female figure 1., nimbate ; holds wreath and comucopiae ; to [PL XXVII. 13.] MIOPO Female deity r., diad. and nimbate, in Greek attire; holds comucopiae in both hands ; to r.. ^- [PI. XXVII. 14.] hPAKIAO Bearded Heracles 1., naked; holds in r. hand, club; over 1. arm, lion's skin; in 1. hand, apple ; to 1., ^ . [PI. XXVII. 15.] MAAChNO Male deity (Mahi- send) facing, nimbate and diad., clad in coat and chlamys ; holds in r. hand, standard surmounted by bird ; in L, sword ; to 1., ^ . fl. O. C. PI. xxvii. 16.] HOOERKBS. 139 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. BeTerse. 25 26 27 28 29 30 PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO Upper part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of com and elephant-goad. 122 122-5 N-1b AT -8 122-3 A'' -85 PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO Upper part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; wears conical helmet and coat of mail ; holds ear of com and spear. Similar. 122-2 123-2 A^-86 A" -8 Similar. 122-6 ^■•85 31 30-2 AT -5 PAONANOP AOOOhPKO Similar type. MANAOBAPO Moon-god facing, seated on throne; feet resting on footstool ; wears helmet ; crescent behind shoulders ; has four arms and hands, in three of which he grasps sceptre, wreath ? and fire 1, fourth hand rests on hip ; to r.. ^. [PI. xxvii. 17.] M AO Moon-god L, crescent behind shoulders ; clad in coat ; holds wreath and sceptre; sword at waist ; to 1., ^ . [PI. XXVII. 18.] M AO Moon-god 1., crescent behind shoulders ; clad in chiton and chlamys ; sword in 1. ; holds wreath in r. hand ; to 1., ^. [I. 0. C] MAO Moon-god 1. ; holds sceptre in 1. ; r. hand advanced ; to 1., [I. 0. C. PL XXVII. 19.] MAO Moon-god 1.; r, hand ex- tended ; in 1., sword ; to 1., 7^ . [I. 0. C. PI. XXVII. 20.] 140 GREEK AND SOi'THIO KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 32 120" 121-2 122-5 ^•9 ^•8 PAONANOPAOO ohPKlKoPANO Upper part of the king 1. , emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet, and chlamys over armour ; holds ear of com and elephant- goad. Similar, Similar. 122-4 121-2 121-2 123- iir-75 N--8 i;r-85 Similar. 122-8 121-4 iV-85 N'-S Similar. 411 122- ^--8 MAO Moon-god 1. ; holds sceptre in 1. hand ; to 1., ^ . MAO Moon-god 1. ; holds sceptre in r. hand ; to 1., ^ . [PI. XXVII. 21.] [I. 0. C] MAO Moon-god 1.; r. hand ex- tended ; in 1., sceptre, held trans- versely; to 1., 5^. sceptre hound with fillet. „ „ [PI. XXVII. 22.] (inscr. MAOO). M AO Moon-god 1. ; r. hand ex- tended ; sword in 1. ; to 1., ^ . (inscr. MAOO). MAO Moon-god r., diad.; holds in r, hand, wreath ; in 1., sceptre ; to r., ^. [PI. XXVII. 23.] HOOEEKES. 141 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 42 121-1 43 44 123- 122-3 45 123- 46 121-7 47 122-8 j;r-s i^-85 ^-85 ^•8 ^•8 J^-8. PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKOPANo Upper part of the king ]., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet, and chlamys over armour ; holds ear of corn and elephant- goad. PAONANOPAOOO hPK€KOPANO Upper part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; flames rising from shoulders ; wears coni- cal helmet ; holds ear of corn and spear. Similax ; no flames. Similar. Simila,r ; king holds stan- dard instead of spear. Bearded moon-god r., diad. ; crescent behind shoulders; holds in r. hand, sceptre, bound with fillet ; in 1.. elephant-goad: and sun-god 1., ra- diate;' r. hand advanced;- in 1., sceptre, bound with fillet ; behind the two, the names MAO and M 1 1 PO respectively ; between , them, ^ . [PI. xxvii. 24.] M 1 1 PO Sun-god 1., nimbate ; holds wreath and sceptre ; sword at waist ; to I., pQ . MOPO Sun-god 1., radiate ; holds wreath and sceptre ; sword at waist ; to 1., J^ . [PI. XXVIII. l.J MIOPO Sun-god 1., radiate ; holds wreath and sceptre, bound with fiUet ; to 1., ^ . [I. 0. C] MiOPO Sun -god 1., diad. and nimbate; holds wreath and sword; to 1., ^ , 142 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Beverse. 48 49 50 51 52 5.3 122-2 ^•9 PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO Upper part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; wears conical helmet ; holds ear of corn and spear. Similar. MIYPO Sun-god 1., diad. and radiate ; holds wreath and sword ; to 1., 5Q . 121-3 iir-85 PAOOOh Similar. 30-2 ^•5 30-7 i^-55 120-8 122-8 .AT -8 ^•8 PAONANOPA OOOhPKI TJpper part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet; holds ear of com and elephant-goad. PAONANOPAOOY OhPKIKOPANO Similar. PAONANOPAO OOhPKIKOPANO Similar. 54 122-2 N-85 M 1 1 PO Sun-god r., radiate ; holds spear and sword ; to r., ^ . [I. 0. C. PL xxvm. 2.] MYPO Sun-god I., nimbate; r. hand advanced ; in 1., sceptre ; toL, ^. [I. 0. C. PL XXVIII. 3.] M lOPO Sun-god L, radiate ; holds wreath and sceptre ; to L, ^ . [L 0. C] MIOPO Sun-god 1., radiate; r. hand holds spear ; L grasps sword ; tol., ^. [I. 0. C] MIOPO Sun-god L, radiate; L hand holds spear ; r. rests on hip ; sword at waist ; to 1., ^ . [PL XXVIII. 4.] HOOBRKES. 143 No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Beverse. 55 123- .AT -8 PAONANOPAO OOhPKIKOPANO Upper part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and elephant-goad. M 1 1 PO Sun-god 1., radiate ; r. hand extended; in 1., sceptre, held transversely, bound with fiUet ; to 1., ^ . 56 121-4 ^•75 inscr. MIOPO. 57 120-8 ^-8 (hust only of king). 58 120- ^■8 » » [I. 0. C] 59 122-7 ^•8 inscr. MYPO, [I. 0. C] 60 30-2 N-5 61 29-5 N-5 Similar. MIPPO Sun-god 1., radiate; r. hand advanced; 1. holds sword; 62 120-e N-1f> tol., %. 63 122-2 N-9> inscr. Ml IPO. [I. 0. C] 64 119-£ N ■& Same laser. Upper part of king as ahove, to r. „ MIPO. MIlPO SimUar. 65 118- M-% [I. 0. C] 66 122-3 N-m Same inscr. Upper part of king as above, to 1. MIlPO Sun-god r., diad. and ra- diate ; holds wreath and sword ; to r., X^. 67 122-4 N-8 [PI. XXVIIT. 5.] 144 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA. No, Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. ReverBe. 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 26- 28-8 30-2 122-3 121-7 124- 123- 121-3 N-5 J^-55 W-85 ^-8 W-85 ^■85 W^-85 PAONANOPAO oohPKIKoPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds; diad. and nimbate ; wears conical helmet ; holds ear of corn and spear. PAONANoPAooo hPK€KoPANp Upper part of king I., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; flames rise from shoul- ders ; wears conical hel- met; holds ear of corn and spear. PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; wears conical helmet ; holds ear of corn and spear. Similar. king's name OOhPKO . ohPKO. OMI/\ Sun-god advancing L, ra^ diate ; r. hand advanced ; 1. holds sword ; to 1., ^ . [I. 0. C] [I. 0. C. PI, xsviii. 6.] HPO (M€IPO?) Artemis stand- ing r., clad in long chiton and himation ; holds in 1. hand, bow ; and with r., draws arrow from quiver ; to r., p^ . [PI. xxvni. 7.] NANA Nanaia 1., wears stephane ; holds sceptre, ending in forepart of horse, and patera ; to 1., "J^ . [PI. xxviii. 8.] NANO Nanaia r., diad. and nim- bate; crescent on head; holds sceptre and patera ; to r., J^ . [I. 0. C] inscr. NANA. [I. 0. C] HOOBEKES. 145 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 122-9 122-5 121-2 122-5 122-6 120-8 119-5 118-8 151-3 ^•8 ^-85 Jf-S5 N -8 ^•85 ^•85 ^■■8 PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKOPANO Upper part of king L, emerging from clouds, diacl. and nimbate ; wears conical hehnet ; holds ear of com and spear. king holds double ear of com.* king's name OOh PKO , OOhPK€ PAONANOPAOO OhPKOKoPANOPAO King seated cross-legged on clouds, head r., diad. and helmeted ; holds in 1., standard, surmounted by bird. PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO Upper part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. J wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and elephant-goad. NANO Nanaia r., diad,. and nim- bate ; crescent on head ; holds sceptre and patera ; to r., ^ . [PI. XXVIII. 9.] [I. 0. C] inscr. barbarous. [I. 0. C] NANA N"anaia r., diad. and nim- bate ; crescent on head ; sword at waist; holds sceptre and patera; tor., ?J. [I. 0. C. PI. XXVIII. 10.] NANAPAO E"anaia r., diad. and nimbate; crescent on head; sword at waist; holds sceptre and patera; to r., 5? . [I. 0. C] * This specimen proves that the object in the king's r. hand is an ear of com, and not a club as it has usually been supposed to be. U 146 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEU AND INDIA, No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse, PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO Upper part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. : wears roiinded helmet ; holds ear of com and elephant-goad. NANA Xanaia r., diad. and nim- bate; crescent on head; sword at waist; holds sceptre and patera; to r., "5^ , 85 122-4 ^-8 [I. 0. C] 86 122- ^-8 87 119-7 ^•8 88 121-4 ^■8 Similar. inscr. NANO . NANA Nanaia I., diad. and nim- bate ; crescent on head ; holds sceptre in outstretched r. hand; in 1., patera ; to 1,, J^ . 89 121-6 ^■85 [L 0. C] 90 120- ^•8 inscr, NANO. [I.O.C. PI. XXVIII. 11.] 91 122-4 N-8 )i » 92 121-2 ^■8 » 1) 93 121-1 ik^-85 inscr. barharous. Similar. inscr. barbarous. OAIIO Nanaia r., diad. and nim- bate; holds sceptre, bound with fillet, and patera; to r., ^. 94 119-6 j?k^-85 [PI. xxTiii. 12.3 HOOERKBS. H7 No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 95 96 122 121-7 A^-85 ^•8 97 98 99 122-7 121-5 ^-8 ^■-8 100 1201 W-8 123- 101 A^-85 PAONANOPAOOO hPKEKOPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; wears conical helmet ; flames rising from shoul- ders ; holds ear of com and spear. PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKOPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; flames rising from shoulders j wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and ele- phant-goad. Inscr. barbarous. Similar 122-2 iV-85l PAONANOPA OOhPK Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear ol corn and standard sur- mounted by bird. OANINAA Nike standing 1. ; holds wreath and trophy-stand, as on coins of Alexander ; to r., PQ . [PI. XXTIII. 13.] inscr. OANINAO . OKPO Siva 1., nimbate ; wears necklace, and has four arms and hands, in which are (1) vase and elephant-goad, (2) thunderbolt, (3) trident, (4) goat; to 1., ^, [PI. xxviii. 14.J [I. 0. C] OKPO Siva 1., with four arms and hands, in which are (1) wreath, (2) 1 , (3) trident, (4) goat ; to 1., ^. OKPA Siva facing, three-headed ; has four arms and hands, in which are vase, thunderbolt, trident, and club; to 1., 5^. [PI. XXTIII. 15.] 148 GBEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. PAONANOPA OOOhPKIKOPANO Upper part of the king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; ■wears conical helmet ; holds ear of com and OKPO Siva facing, three-headed, nimbate ; clad only in -waistband, ithyphallic ; has four arms and hands, in -which are goat, -wheel, trident, and thunderbolt ; to r., spear. 102 123-5 i7'-85 Similar. [PI. ixviii. 16.] PAOPhOPO Ares standing r., in Greek helmet and armour; holds spear, and shield -which rests on ground ; to r., ^ . 103 123- N-8 [PI. XXVIII. 17.] 104 121-7 N-8 inscr. barbarous. inscr. VAOPHOO . [I. 0. C] 105 122-5 M-85 (last letters of inscr. -want- ing). PAONANOPAOO OhPKOK Similar type. PAOPHOAP SimUar. 106 122-8 ^•85 PAONANOPAOOO hPK€KOPANO Similar type. PAOPHOPO Ares 1., in Greek helmet and armour ; holds shield in r. hand, spear in L ; to 1 , "J^ . 107 122-5 .AT -85 Same inscr. Upper part of king, as above; holds ear of com and sceptre. [PI. XXVIII. 18.] PAOPHOPO Ares r., in Greek helmet and armour, nimbate ; holds speax and s-word ; to I., ^ . 108 123- ^-8 [PL XXVIII. 19.] HOOBEKES. 149 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 109 123-5 110 111 123-1 121-6 112 113 123- 121-3 114 31- ^••85 ^•85 jV-85 ^-8 jsr-8 ^-5 Inscr. otscure. Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and elephant- goad. PAONANOPA ooYohPKIKop Similar. PI DM Eoma or Pallas standing r., wearing helmet and long chiton; holds spear and shield; tor., fy . [PI. xxTiii. 20.] CAPAFlO Sarapis standing 1., diad. and clad in himation ; r. hand advanced ; in 1., sceptre ; tol., 5^. PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and elephant-goad. Similar; last letter of inscr. wanting. [PI. XXVIII. 21.J [I. 0. C] CKANAOKO M BIZAro APO Skanda and Visakha* standing face to face, nimbate ; each wearing chlamys and neck- lace, and sword at waist ; but Skanda holds in r. hand, standard surmounted by bird; Visakha holds in 1. hand, spear; between them, ^. [PI. XXVIII. '22.] CKANAOKOMAPO B IZAPO Skanda and Visakha standing face to face, nimbate ; Skanda holds in r. hand, standard ; Visakha holds in 1. hand, spear ; between them, [I. 0. C. PI. xxTiii. 23.] * A Bou and impersonation of Skanda. See Introduction. 150 GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. ObverBe. Eeverse. 115 121- J^-8 116 123-2 ^•8 117 122-4: ^•85 118 121-6^-8 PAONANOPAOO ohPKIKoPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet; holds ear of com and elephant-goad. PAONANPAOO ohKIKOPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; wears conical helmet ; holds ear of com and spear. hPKIKOPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; flames rise from shoul- ders ; wears conical hel- met ; holds ear of corn and standard. PAONANOPAO oohPKIKoPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; wears conical helmet ; holds ear of com and standard surmounted by bird. ■ CKANAOK OMAPOMA AC h NOBIZAFO Niche on basis, within which, Skanda and Visa- kha standing as above ; between them, Mahasena, homed(l), facing, nimbate, clad in chlamysj sword at waist ; to 1., ^ . [PI. ixTiii. 24.] A PPO Male deity 1., head winged; clad in coat ; holds in r. hand, fire; 1. grasps sword at waist; to 1., ^. [I. 0. C. PI. xxTiii. 25.] A PPO Male deity 1., head winged, diad. ; flames rising from shoul- ders ; wears coat and chlamys ; holds in r. hand, fire ; 1. grasps sword at waist ; to 1., p^ . «l>APPO Similar ; deity nimbate. HOOEBKES. 151 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reyerae 119 123-4 ^•8 120 121-2 121 123-3 122 122-4 123 123-5 124 ^-8 N-8 Jf-8 J7'-8 PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKoPANO King as last ; holding ear of corn and spear. Same inscr. King as last ; holding ear of com and sceptre. 121-5 4^-8 Same inscr. King as be- fore ; holding ear of corn and spear. Same inscr.'! King as be- fore ; holding double ear of com and spear. <|)APO Male deity 1., head winged, nimbate; wears coat and chlamys; r. hand advanced ; in 1., long scep- tre; sword at waist; to 1., ^. [I. 0. C] APPO Male deity 1., nimbate; flames rising from shoulders; holds in extended r. hand, iire ; in 1., sceptre ; to L, ^ . PAONANOPA ooohPK€KoPA King as before ; holding ear of com and spear. PAONANOPAOOO hPKIKoPANO Similar. [PI. XXTIII. 26.] A PPO Male deity r., head winged, nimbate ; clad in coat ; holds sceptre and fire ; to r., ^ , [PI. XXVIII. 27.] A PPO Male deity 1. , head winged, nimbate ; clad in coat and chlamys; hoJds purse and cadu- cous ; to 1., ^ . [I. 0. C] <|>APO Similar figure; holds purse' and long sceptre ; to 1., JQ . [PI. XXTIII. 28.] APPO Male deity r., head winged, diad. and nimbate ; clad in coat ; holds sceptre and elephant-goad ; tol., '^. [PI. XXTIII. 29.] 152 GEEEK AND SOYTHIO, KINOS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 125 124-1 N-85 126 121-2 ^-8 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 ,134 122-0 121-7 122-2 33-3 27 123-3 121-4 122-1 Jf-75 N-8 J^-8 PAONANOPAO oohPKOKoP Upper part ,of king I., emerging from clouds, diad. and nimbate ; wears rounded helmet; holds ear of corn and standard. PAONANOPAoo OhPKIKOPANO Upper part of king ]., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and elephant-goad. Similar. Similar Inscr. barbarous. Male deity 1., nim- bate ; in extended r. hand, fire ; in 1., sword; to 1., ^. <|>APO Male deity 1., head winged, nimbate ; holds in r. hand, wreath ; in 1., sceptre ; to 1., y^ . A PPO Male deity r. , head winged, nimbate ; r. hand rests on hip ; in IIP f * 1., sceptre; to r., ^, [I. 0. C] inscr. <|>APO , [I. 0. C. PI. XXTIIL 30.] <|>APO Male deity 1. ; 1. hand rests on hip ; in r., sceptre j to 1., ^_ . inscr. <|>APPO . [I. 0. C] » 0<1A. (sword at waist). HOOERKES. 153 No. Wt. Metal. Obverse. Beverse. 135 120-8 136 137 120 122-4 138 139 122 122-2 140 141 142 ^■8 ^■8 Jf-8 jr-8 Ml- ^1-15 Ml- PAONANOPAOO OhPKIKOPANO Upper part of king 1., emerging from clouds, diad. ; wears rounded helmet ; holds ear of corn and elephant-goad. Similar. Similar. <|>APO Male deity 1., head winged, nimbate, standing on fire ; holds in r. hand, fire ; in 1., sceptre ; to APPO Male deity 1., head winged, nimbate, standing on fire ; r. hand extended ; in 1., caduceus ; to 1., [L 0. C. PI. XXVIII. 31.J COPON Male deity 1., bearded, wearing modius and himation ; r. hand advanced ; in 1., long sceptre ; to 1., ^ . [PI. XXVIII. 32.] [I. 0. C] {j3) Bronze ; type, King on elephant. PAONANO PAOOO- hPK€NOPANO* The king r., diad. and nimbate, riding on ele- phant ; holds spear and elephant-goad. A0PO Male deity 1., diad. ; holds in r. hand, wreath ; and in I., tongs; tol., ^. * This msoription cannot be read entire on any single specimen ; and many specimens are blundered or barbarous : but the formula in the text seems to be the normal and usual one. 154 GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt._ Metal. Size. Obverse. Eeverse. 143 Ml- PAONANO PAOOO- hPK€N0PAN0 The king r., diad. and nimbate, riding on ele- phant ; holds spear and elephant-goad. APOOXP Female deity r., diad. and nimbate; holds comncopiae; to r., "5^ . 144 M-95 Similar. [I. 0. C] Inscr. obscure. Female deity* 1., nimbate ; holds in extended r. hand, wreath ; in L, comucopiae ; to L, "^ . 145 Ml- Similar. [I. 0. C] HPAKAO? Heracles r. ; holds in r. hand, club; 1. raised to head; to r., "5^. 146 M-95 Similar. [PI. XXII. 1.] M AO Moon-god 1., crescent behind shoulders ; r. hand extended ; with 1. grasps sword ; to 1., ^ . 147 Mi-oa [I. 0. C. PL XXIX. 2.] 148 Ml- 149 Ml- 150 Ml- 151 ^■85 152 ^•8 * Of. the deity accompanied king. (deity holds wreath and sword), by the inscription AOXPO on gold of this HOOEBKES. 155 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 1651 iEl-05 ^1- Ml- iE-95 Ml- PAONANO PAOOO hPK€NOPANO The -king r., diad. and nimbate, riding on ele- phant ; holds spear and elephant-goad. Similar, ^1-05 ^1 M105 Ml- M-9 M-85 M-95 M-95 Barbarous inscr. King on elephant to 1. PAONANO PAOOO- hPK€NOPANO The kiag r., diad. and nimbate, riding on ele- phant ; holds spear and elephant-goad. Similar. M AO Female deity 1., nimbate ; holds in both hands, cornucopiae ; to 1., "5^ . MIIOPO Sun-god 1., radiate; r. hand extended ; with 1. grasps sword ; to 1., Xy ■ [I. 0. C] (inscr. MIlPO). MPPO? Sun-god 1., nimbate; r. hand extended ; in 1., sceptre ; to O K PO Siva standing 1. , four armed ; holds wreath, thunderbolt, trident, and goat ; to 1., ^ , (Siva holds in fourth hand, vase). [PI. xxix. 3.] O KPO Siva standing 1., two armed ; holds in r. hand, trident ; in 1., vase and lion's skin (?) j to I., ^ ; to r., y . [I. 0. C] 156 GREEK AND fiCTlklC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Beverse. 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 ^1- ^1- ^1- JE- MS Ml- Ml- Ml- M-95 M-8 (y) Bronze ; type, King seated. PAONANOPAO OOhPK€NOPANO* King facing, head r., ' seated cross-legged on cusliions, body radiate ; in 1. hand, sceptre. Inscr. Kiag, head and body radiate, seated facing on throne. Inscr. King nimbate, facing, head r., seated; holds in 1. hand, sceptre. Inscr. King nimbate, r., reclining. Inscr. King seated cross- legged on cushions, facing, head r., head and body radiate; 1. hand raised. in 1., sceptre. A9 PO Male deity 1. ; holds wreath in extended r. hand; to 1., ^. Similar. APAOXP Female deity 1. ; holds comucopiae ; to 1., ^ . AP]AOXP Female deity L ; holds in r. hand, sceptre (?) ; to 1., ^ . MAO Moon-god 1., crescent behind shoulders ; r. hand advanced ; with 1. grasps sword ; to 1., ^ . [I. 0. C. PL xirx. 4.] * On coins of this class the inscription is even more debased thaoi on those of the last; sometimes, however, it ends 00|-|PK€KOPANO . HOOBEKBS. 157 No. wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 ^•9 ^1- ^1- ^1- M-9 PAONANOPAO OOhPK€NOPANO King seated cross- legged, facing, head r., nimbate ; holds in each hand, staff or sword. Inscr. King, head and body radiate, half reclin- ing, facing, on throne. Ml- Ml- M-8 M-d5 Ml-l Ml- Ml- M-85 M-85 Inscr. King, with head and body nimbate, seated cross-legged, fa- cing, on cushions; in 1. hand, -sceptre. (king not nimbate). Inscr. King, with body radiate, half reclining, facing on throne, flames on shoulders. M AO Moon-god 1., crescent behind shoulders ; r. hand advanced ; with 1. grasps sword ; to 1., ^ • Similar. (inscr. retrograde). [PI. xxii. 5.] [I. 0. C] MIOPO Sun-god 1., radiate; r. hand advanced ; with 1. grasps sword ; to 1., ^ . [I. O. C] (deity holds wreath in r.). [PL XXIX. 6.] Similar. (deity holds sceptre, not sword). (inscr. MIIOPO). (deity holds wreath in r.). 158 GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF B40TRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Beverse. 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 ^1-05 ^1-05 ^•9 ^1- ^1- Ml- PAONANoPAo oohPK€KOPANO King, with head nim- bate and body radiate, seated facing, head r., cross-legged on cushions; holds in 1. hand, sceptre. Similar, NANA Nanaia r.j nimbate ; holds sceptre; to r., ^. Inscr. King, with head and body radiate, half reclining, facing, on throne. [I. 0. C] OKPO Siva facing, nimbate, head 1. ; has four arms and hands, in which he holds a wreath, a thun- derbolt, a trident and a vase ; to Similar. [I. 0. C. PL xxrx. 7.] (Siva holds goat in fourth hand). (Siva grasps sword in fourth hand). BAZODEO (VASU DBVA). 159 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. 5 6 7 8 9 10 122-5 122-2 120-8 122-3 123-8 124-9 123-5 124-8 123-4 122-8 BAZODEO (VASU DEVA). ^-85 ^■8 AT -8 AT -8 AT -8 A^-85 AT -85 AT -8 A^-85 PAONANO PAO BA ZoAhoKoPANO The king 1., clad in conical hebnet and sxiit of mail, diad. and nim- bate ; holds r. hand over altar; inl., spear; wears sword. PAONANOPA OBAZOAhoK Similar. (a) Gold. NANA Nanaia r., nimbate, head surmounted hy crescent; holds sceptre, ending in forepart of horse, and patera ; to r., ^ . PAONANOPAOBA ZoAhoKoPANO The king 1., clad in conical helmet and suit of mail, diad. and nim- bate; holds r. hand over altar ; in 1., spear; stan- dard behind head. (inscr. barbarous). [PI. XXIX. 8.] [I. 0. C] OKPO Siva facing, having three faces and two arms ; holds wreath and trident ; to 1., ^ . (inscr. OPKO). [PI. xxix. 9.] OKPO Siva facing, having three faces and two arms ; holds wreath and trident ; behind him, bull 1. ; to r., ^ . [PI. XXIX. 10.] (Siva one-faced). [I. 0. C] (bull feeding). (inscr. OPKO). „ (Siva one-faced) ; symbol to 1. 160 GREEK AKD SOTTHIC KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. BeverBe. PAONANOPAOBA ZOAhOKoPANO OKPO Siva, one-headed, facing; holds -s^reath and trident ; behind The king standing as before at altar; beside him, buU 1. ; to 1., /^ . -which, trident fixed in '■ 11 126- iir'85 the ground. 12 124-7 Jr-85 13 121-2 -AT -8 14 123- N-9 to r., U^ . (inscr. oqMO; to 1., 5?)- 15 124- jir-85 „ •»^- )] 1> 16 116-4 ^•85 )i )) J» » 17 31- £r-5 „ [I. 0. C. Pl.TTTT.il.] 18 30-7 N-5 ' (Siva crosses his legs) ; to r., A • Barbarous imitations. 19 122-7 iV-9 to r., -^ . [PI. xiii 12.] 20 122-5 i^-9 » >i tol.,^^. 21 123-7 ^1- „ „ ; belo-w, rt". 22 125-5 Ml-Qb )) )) 1) )> 23 120-8 ^-95 )» J) to 1., ?d . 24 124-7 A^l-05 »» » )» >> [PI. TTTX. 13.] BAZODEO (VASU DEVa). 161 No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obverse. Reverse. (j8) JBroiize. PAONANOPAO BAZOAhOKOPANO* The king, standing as before, at altar ; beside which, trident fixed in the ground. OKPO Siva, one-headed, facing; holds wreath and trident ; beliind him, bull 1. ; to r., JQ . 25 ^•9 26 ^•9 to r., ^ . 27 ^•95 >) 1) [PI, XXIX. 14.] 28 ^1- 29 JE -85 30 iE-95 (inscr. barbarous). 31 ^•95 » i> 32 ^1- (trident absent). PAOBA ZoAhO King, standing as above, at altar. (inscr. wanting). [I. 0. C] Similar (?). 33 iE-75 * Those legends ar< J not complete on any specimen. 162 GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA. No. Wt. Metal. Size. Obvers^. Beverse. 66-7 Jf-6 INDO.SCYTHIC, UNCEETAIK (a) Gold; ivithout figure of King. Indian legend (see plate XXIX. 15 ; the inscrip- tion seems to run on one side dideva- ta ?). Greek city-god- dess, clad in chiton and peplos, wearing mural crown, and holding a poppy-head. TAYPOC Humped buU r, nT 5 (vrishabha). [PI. ixix. 15.] .( 163 ) SUPPLEMENT. IMPOltTANT TYPES NOT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.* "No. Obverse. Reverse. DEMETEIUS. Bust of the king r., diad. [PI. XXX. 1.] Head of the king r., skin. in elephant's [PI. XXX. 2.] BAZIAEnZ ANIKHTOY AH MHTPIOY Bust of the king r., in elephant's skin. [PI. XXX. 3.] BAZIAEflZ AH MHTPIOY lance and shield. Pallas facing, armed ; holds M Wt. 243- (Gen. Cunningham); an injured specimen (Wt. 219-3), re- cently acquired for Brit. Museum. Same inscr. Pallas seated 1., holding spear in r., and shield in 1. iE_round, -7 (Gren. Cunningham). U^'t. (Mdharujasa aparajitasa Deme ). Winged thunderbolt. M square, '75 (Gen. Cunningham). * In this list will be found the more important coins of the Greek and Soythic Kings which have been published, but are not represented in the British Museum. Mere varieties are not given, nor, in most cases, merely different denominations of already mentioned coins, unless when such denominations are higher than those of the British Museum Coins. To this Supplement belong three plates, the figures in which are in most cases due to Gen. Cunningham's valuable papers in the Numismatic Chronicle, and are reproduced by his kind pei-mission. In one or two instances coins have been inserted here which. were acquired for the British Museum too late for them to figure in their I proper places. 164 SUPPLKMENT. No. Obverse. Reverse. PANTALEON. 1 Head of the king r , diad. BAZIAEnZ Zeus seated PANTAAEONTOZ 1.; holds in L, sceptre, in r., a figure -of the three-headed Hekate. [PI. ixx. 4.] JR. Wt. 232- (Gen. Cunningham). AGATHOCLES. With name and type of Antioehus Nicator. 1 ANTIOXOY Head of Antioehus NIKATOPOZ I. r., diad. BAZIAEYONTOZ Zeus striding AFAOOKAEOYZ to 1., hurl- A 1 K A 1 Y ing thunderbolt ; eagle at his feet : to 1., wreath. [PI. XXX. 5.] M Wt. 255- (Gen. Cunningham). ANTIMACHUS I. With name and type of Diodotus. 1 AIOAOTOY Head of Diodotus ZflTHPOZ r., diad. BAZIAEYONTOZ Zeus striding ANTIMAXOY tol., hurl- OEOY ing thunderbolt ; eagle at his feet: to 1., wreath. [PI. T\T Q.] M Tetradrachm (The late Sir E. C. Bayley). With his own types. 2 Indian elephant r. BAZIAEnZ OEOY Mke 1., ANTIMAXOY holding wreath and palm, standing on prow of ship. [PI. XXX. 7.] M round, -9 (formerly Gen. Cun- ningham). SUPPLEMENT. 165 ■■- -'^ No. Obverse. Revorae. EUCEATIDES. 1 Bust of the king r., helmeted. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAoY The EYKPATIAOY Dioscuri charging r., carrying palms. [Rev. Numism., 1867, PI. xii.] N Wt. 2593 '5 gr. (20 stater piece, Bibl. Nationale, Paris). 2 N Stater (Col. Strutt). 3 Bust of the king L, helmeted, but with shoulders bare ; thrusting with spear. As last. [PI. XXX. 8.J M Wt. 233- (Gen. Cunningham). 4 BAZIAEilZ MEPAAOY Bust EYKPATIAOY of the king r., helmeted. f"^^^^/ rajasa maha- tahasa Evulcratidasa). The Dios- curi standing side by side; hold spears and swords. [PI. XXX. 9.] M Wt. 34-5 gr. (formerly Gen. Abbott). On a coin of this class in Gen. Court's Collection, the inscription begins f^T (Von Sallet in Zeit.f. Num. 10, p. 157). 5 Head of Apollo r., laur. BAZIAEnZ Horse 1., standing. EYKPATIAOY [PI. XXX. 10.] M round, '7 (Vienna). 6 BAZIAEflZ MErAAOY Bust EYKPATIAOY of the king r., diad. Indian inscr. as above. The pilei of the Dioscuri, surmounted by stars, and two palms. [PI. XXX. ll.J M square, '55 (Gen. Cunningham). 166 SUPPLEMENT. No. Obverse. Reverse. BAZIAEnZ MEfAAOY EY- KPATIAOY Bust of the king r., diad. and helmeted. [PI. XXX. 12.] T ^ ^ ^^ ^ (Mdharajasa rajadirajasa Evukratidasa). . Mke 1. ; holds wreath and palm. M square, '7 (Gen. Cunningham). HELIOCLES. Bust of the king r., helmeted. [PI. XXXI. 1.] B AZ I A EnZ Zeua seated - 1. ; HAroKAEOYZ holds Nike AIKAIOY and long sceptre. jR Tetradrachm (formerly Major Hay). M Drachm (The late Sir E. C. Bayley). ANTIALCIDAS. BAZIAEnZ NIKH«|)OPOY ANTIAAKIAOY Bust of the king r , diad. r T 7'*'1 7*^ 6 rajasa jaya- dhafasa Amtiali/cidasa). Elephant walking r. ; wreath in raised trunk. ^ square, "75 (Major Landon : now presented to British Museum). ANTIALCIDAS AND LYSIAS. BAZIAEX2Z ANIKHTOY AYZIOY Bust of bearded Heraklea r. ; club on shoulder. [PI. XXXI. 2.] Inscr. as last. The caps of the Dios- curi, and two palms. M square, -7 (Bodleian Library). SUPPLEMISNT. 167 No. Obverse. Reverse. THEOPHILUS. BAZIAEIIZ AIKAIOY Bust Q EO I AOY of the king r. , diad. [PI. XXXI. 3.] BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY OEo- IAOY Head of bearded Hera- kles r. : club on shoulder. [PI. XXXI. 4.J r '"I'^^'t jasa dhramiJcasa Theuphilasa). Herakles, crown- ing himself ; holds in 1. hand, club and lion's skin. M Wt. 36- (Geu. Cunningham). (Mahdrajasa dhramikasa J'heu- pliilasa). Cornucopiae. M square, -8 (Gen. Cunningham). AKCHEBIUS. BAZIAEfiZ AIKAIOY NIKH- <|)OPOY APXEBIOY Bust of Zeus r., diad. ; sceptre on shoulder. [PI. XXXI. 5.] 'YA'^%7 (Mdhdmjasa dhramikasa jayadharasa Arkhehi- yasa). The caps of the Dioscuri, and two palms. JE square, -9 (Gen. Cunningham). APOLLODOTUS. BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoZ [AnoAAOAoToY] Apollo seated r. on throne, holding out bow. {Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada- tasa). Tripod. M square, '8 (Gen. Cunningham). 168 SUPPLEMENT. No. Obverse. Reverse. STIUTO I. BAZIAEnZ EniANOYZ ZflTHPOZ ZTPATnNOZ Bust of the king r., diad. [PI. XXXI. 6.] T^^, (Mah&rajasa jyrati- chhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Pal- las 1. ; holding aegis and hurling thunderbolt. M. Wt. 134- (Gen. Cunningham). STRATO II. BACIAEnC CilTHPoC CTPATflNoC YIOY CTPATnNOC Bust of the king r., diad. {Maharaja rajarajasa Stratasa puirasa cha mmpriyapita Stra- tasa). Pallas 1. ; holding aegis and thunderbolt. [PI. XXXI. 7.] M Wt. 36- (Gen. Cunningham). This is Gen. Cunningham's reading of his specimen (engraved), and given on his authority. MENANDEE. BAZrAEnZ ZI2THPOZ M EN AN APOY Head of Pallas r., helmeted. [PL XXXI. 8.] BAZIAEHZ ZnTHPOZ MENANAPOY Bust of the king 1., wearing aegis and thrust- ing with spear. T.\Cvi/ T"l^\ T5J"1^V (Mdharajasa tradatasa Mena- drdsa). Ovfi r. M Wt. 28- (Gen. Cunningham). y.^£vl/ rajasa tradatasa Menadrasa). Pallas 1. ; holding thunderbolt and aegis. JR, Didrachm (Published by Gen. Cunningham from a sealing-wax impression) . SUPPLBMENT. 169 No. Obverse. Reverse . BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoZ MENANAPOY Young male head r., wearing wreath. [PI. xixi. 9.] Same iascr. Two-humped camel 1. [PI. XXXT. 10.] Same iiiscr. Elephant L [PI. XXXI. 11.] Same inscr. Boar's head r. [PI. XXXI. 12.] T.\£vi/ Y^^\ T^^.~V (Mdharajaaa tradatasa , Mena- drdsa). Dolphin r. M square, 1" Same inscr. Bull's head, facing. M square, 1' (Museum As. Soc. Bengal). Same inscr. Elephant-goad. M square, '9 (Gen. Cunningham). Same inscr. Palm-branch. M square, '8 Kos. 3 and 6 are said by Gen. Cunningham to be in the East India Museum. This is incorrect, as the coins of this Museum a-re now in the British Museum, and these types are wanting. EPANDEE. BAZIAEHZ N«KH<|!OPOY EHANAPOY Bust of the king r., diad. [PL XXXI. 13.] T'\/7Z rajasa] jayadh arasa Epadrasa) . Pallas 1. ; holds aegis and thunderbolt. M Wt. 19- (brok«n), (Gen. Cun- ningham). DIONYSIUS. Apollo r., clad in chlamys ; holds arrow with both hands. [PL XXXI. 14.] (Maharajasa tradatasa Dianisi- yasa). Koyal diadema. M square, '6 (Col, Bush). 170 SUPPLEMENT. No. Obverse. Reverse. ZOILUS. BAZrAEflZ AIKAIOY Bust Xn. I AOY of the king r., diad. [PI. XXXII. l.J BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY Head Xn. I AO Y of bearded Horukles r., in lion's skin. [PI. XXXII. 2.] t'~\9'^ rajasa dhramikasa Jhoilasa). Herakles, facing ; holds in r., wreath ; in 1., club and lion's skin ; on his shoulder, Nike hold- ing wreath. M Wt. 36-5 (Gen. Cunningham). T«1f»1 T^vk5 T^^'^>^ (Maharajasa dhramikasa Jhoi- lasa). Club and bow-case, within ivy-wreath. M square, 1-1 (Lady Headfort). AETEMIDOKUS. BAZIAEflZ ANIKHTOY APTEMIAXiPOY Bust of the king r., diad. [PI. XXXII. 3.] (king helmeted). [P]. xxxii. 4.] Same inscr. Bust of the king r., diad. [PI. XXXII. 5.] T 'l'^ H^'^i ? (Maharajasa apadihatasa Artemidorasa). Ar- temis, clad in short chiton and chlamys, shooting 1. M Wt. 128- (Gen. Cunningham). A specimen much injured (Wt. 117-3), recently acquired for British Museum. M Wt. 36- (Gen. Cunningham)., Same inscr. Nike r. ; holds wreath and palm. M Wt. 37- (Gen. Cunningham). SUPPLEMENT. 171 No. Obverse. Reverse. PHILOXENUS. The British Museum has recently acquired a didrachm (Wt. 140') of this king with the usual type and inscriptions (p. 56), but having on the obverse a helmeted bust of the king 1., thrusting with spear. NICIAS. BAZIAEflZ ZIITHPOZ NIKIOY Bust of the king r., diad. [PI. XXXII. 6.] "T77''^ rajasa tradatasa Nihiasa). The king (or Pallas ?) helmeted, standing 1. ; holds palm over shoulder. M Wt. 36- (Gen. Cunningham). TELEPHUS. BAZIAEHZ EYEPfETOY THAEOY Giant (Skythes?), his body ending in three serpents; holds in each hand, hammer 1 [PI. XXXII. 7.] yf"^^^ ( Maliarajasa palanakramasa Teliphasa). Helios radiate facing, clad in tunic and chlamys, holds long sceptre ; be- side him male figure wrapped in mantle, wearing wreath or homed : in field, mon, M Wt. 37- (Bodleian Library). Mr. Oman having kindly procured a cast of this coin, we are enabled to give a more accurate description of it than has hitherto appeared. Mr. BendaU suggests the reading pdlandkshamasa as a rendering of evepyhov. AMYNTAS. Gen. Cunningham possesses hemidrachms with the usual type of reverse, the seated Zeus ; but having on the obverse respectively, (1) bust of the king in Macedonian causia ; (2) bust of the king, bare-headed, thrusting with spear. 172 SUPPLEMENT. No. Obverse. Reverse. HEEMAEUS. Gen. Cunningliam has a didrachm of the usual type (Wt. 153 grs.), with helmeted head of the king on the obverse. BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoE EPMAIOY King on horseback r., galloping. BAZIAEHZ ZTHPOZ ZY EPM AIOY Bust of the king r., bare. [PI. XXXII. 8.] TA........:^^ T:d"i.'^v {Mdharajasa raja {Herama ?'\yasa). Horse r. 'Y/^.^ji^fij rajasa mdhatasa Heramayasa). Zeus seated 1. on throne. M "Wt. 31- (Gen. Cunningham). "TAw'^/C' {Mdharajasa rajarajasa'(\ mdhatasa Heramaya- sa). Nike 1. ; holding wreath. M round, •? (Geii. Cunningham). Uncertain device, surrounded by a circle of unascertained Chinese characters. M 1- (Sir D. Forsyth), Num. Chron., 1879, p. 276. MAUES. BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN MEFAAOY MAYOY Biga r., in which radiate figure holding sceptre or spear, and charioteer. T-I^v^ T^"l^^"l (Baja. r / V dirajasa mafiatasa Moasa). Zeus seated 1. on throne ; thunderbolt in extended r. hand. ^ M Didrachm (Bodleian Library), Wt. 121- JR Hemidrachm (acquired for Brit. Mus.), Wt. 27-6. SUPPLEMENT. 173 No. Obverse. Reverse. AZES AND AZILISES. BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN MEFAAOY AZOV The king r., on horseback ; lance couched. [PL xxxTi. 9.] 7^/^v^ Tlli'i^"! T::1"i~^ T T**1 A 7 (MaJiarajasa rajarajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa). A city? 1., holds in r. hand an object resembling a brazier ; in 1., palm bound with fillet. M Didrachm (E. Eochette, 1*'.= Suppl., PI. II., No. 16). M, Hemidrachni (Grotefend). AZILISES. '■ Standing figure to the r. , with the r. arm extended horizontally, and holding a chaplet.' ' Figure in short tunic, with loose veil-like garments around the head, &o. Arian legend, imperfect, .... jasa mahatasa Ayilishasa.' M square (Thomas's Priijsep II., p. 212, No. 9, Sir E. C. Bayley). VONONES AND SPALAHOEES. BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN MEfAAOY ONnNOY Hercules, with club and lion's skin ; r. hand raised to the head.' [Ariana Antiqua, PI. viii. 9.] ' Arian legend : — Spahora bhrata dhramikasa Spalahorasa. Minerva to the 1., armed with shield and spear ; r. arm extended.' M square (Thomas's Prinsep II., p. 204, No. 3, Mr. Brereton). 174 SUPPLEMENT. No. Obverse. Reverse, GONDOPHARES, Bust of the king 1., wearing Arsacid tiara, diad. [PI. XXXII. 10.] BACIAECJC BAEIAECON MErC YNAa«I»EPHE AYTaKPATQ King seated r. on throne, holding sceptre ; behind, Nike crowning him. M Wt. 58- (Berlin, Zeitschr.f. Num. 1879, p. 358). ZEIONISES. Barbarous inscr. The king r., horseback ; arm extended. [PI. XXXII. ll.J on Inscription ending r 7S.'^2i (Ji- haniaso). The king facing; on one side, Nike ; on the other, a wingless figure, crowning him. M, Didrachm (Thomas's Prinsep, PI. XXVIII. 5). AESACES DIKAIOS. BACIA6YONTOC BACIA€- WN AIKAIOY APCAKOV The king, on horseback r. ; r. hand raised. Ariau legend : — {Mahurajasa rajoh rajasa mahatasa Ashshakasa tra- datasa). Type obliterated.* [On another specimen, Male figure to the left, holding a small figure in his right hand]. M round (Cunningham). * A coin of this class has a type thus described by Rollin and Feuardont, Catalogue de MMailles, No. 8296. — Figure militaire (?) diaddmee debout, a g., tenant de la dr. une palme, la g. Bur son 6pee (?). SUPPLEMENT. 175 No. Obverse. Reverse. BACIA€WC G€OY . . CAKoY Horse r. [PI. XXXII. 12.] AESACES THEOS. Bow in case : fillet-border. M square, '7 (Berlin, Z&itschr. f. Num., PI. V. 2). KADPHISES II. BACIACYC OOHMO KAA*!- CHC King r., holding club ; seated in biga moving slowly to r. [PL XXXII. 13.] Usual reverse; type, Siva standing (see p. 124). N Stater (Ariana Antiqua, PI. x. 9). KANEEKES. PAONANOPAO K[ANHPKI] KOPANO Bust of the king r., helmeted, holding spear, above clouds. HAIOC Helios standing, radiate ; one hand advanced, the other grasping sword. N Wt. 30-8 (Eollin and Feuardent). This coin, published by v. Sallet, is noteworthy as bilingual. PAO KA]NHPKI The king standing, at altar. [PI. XXXII. 14.] ]roBOYAO Buddha seated facing, cross-legged; arms in pos- ture of benediction. M 1- (Berlin, Zeitschr.f. Num. 1879, PI. IX. 1). INDEX 1, TYPES. Abdagases, Head of. — Abdagases, lor Aegis. — Demetrius, 7 ; Antialcidas, 28 ; Menander, 49 ; Antima- chus II., 55. Agathocleia, Head of. — Agathocleia and Strato, 43. Agathocles, Head of. — Agathocles, 10. Alexander as Herakles, Head of. — Agathocles, 10. Amyntas, Head of. — Amyntas, 61, 171. Antialcidas, Head of. — Antialcidas, 25 sqq., 166. Antimachus T., Head of. — Antima- cbus I., 12. Antiocbus, Head of. — Agathocles, 164. Apollo, standing. — Encratides, 1 3 ; ApoUodotus I., 35 sq. ; ApoUo- dotus II., 38 sq. ; Strato I., 41 ; Dionysius, 51, 169 ; Zoilus, 53 ; Hippostratus, 60 ; Maues, 72 ; Apollo, standing, and elephant. — Zoilus, 53. Apollo, seated. — ApoUodotus I., 167. Apollo, Head of.— Euthydemus II., 8 ; Strato I., 41 ; Eucratides 165. ApoUodotus II., Head of. — ApoUo- dotus II., 37. Apollophanes, Head of. — ApoUo- phanes, 54. Archebius, Head of. — Archebius, 32. Artemidorus, Head of. — Artemidorus, 170. Artemis, standing. — Artemidorus, 54. Artemis, running with torch. — Dio- dotus I., 3. Artemis, hunting. — Demetrius, 7 ; Hooerkes, 144 ; Artemidorus, 170. Artemis, radiate. — Maues, 69, B. Biga, in which radiate figure. — Maues, 172. Biga, in which king. — Kadphises II., 175. Boar's head. — Menander, 169. Bow and quiver. — Strato I., 41. Bow and arrow. — Spalirises with Azes, 102, A A 178 INDEX I. Bow in case. — Maues, 72 ; Aisaces Theos, 175. Bow-case and club. — Zoilus, 170. Buddha, standing. — Kanerkes, 130, 133. Buddha, seated. — Kanerkes, 175. Bull, Indian. — Heliocles, 24; Dio- medes, 31 ; ApoUodotus I., 34, 36 ; Epander, 51 ; Aitemidorus, 54 ; Philoxenus, 57 ; Maues, 69, 71 ; Azes, 85 sqq. ; AzUises, 95 sqq. ; Zeionises, 111 sq. ; Uncertain, 162. Bull's head. — Menander, 169. C. Caduceus. — Demetrius, 7 ; Maues, 68. Caduceus and cock. — Sophytes, 2. Calliope and Hermaeus, Heads of. ^ — Hermaeus and Calliope, 66. Camel, Bactrian. — Uncert., 112; Menander, 169. City, A. — Philoxenus, 57; Hippo- stratus, 59 sq. ; Azes, 82, 90 sq. ; Azes and Azilises, 173 ; Azi- lises, 94; Uncert., 162. {See also Tyche ) City, Head of a. — Andragoras, 1. City and king.— Zeionises, 110. Club. — Menander, 50. Club and bow-case. — Zoilus, 170. Cock and Caduceus. — Sophytes, 2. Cornucopiae. — Theophilus, 167. D. Dancing-girL— Pantaleon, 9; Aga- thocles, 11. Deity, wears modius. — Hooerkes, 153. Deity, holds spear. — Hyrcodes, 117. Deity, with horse. — Kanerkes, 130. Deity, female, holds cornucopiae. — Kanerkes, 130, 133 ; Hooerkes, - 137, 154, 156. Demeter, standing. — Azes, 85. Demeter? seated. — Azes, 84. Demetrius, Head of. — Demetrius, 6, 163. Diadema. — ApoUodotus II., 39 ; Dionysius, 169, Diodotus, Head of. — Diodotus I., 3 ; Agathocles, 10; Antimachus I., 164. Diomedes, Head of. — Diomedes, 31. Dionysius, Head of. — ^Dionysius, 51, Dionysus, Young, Head of. — Panta- leon, 9 ; Agathocles, 11. Dioscuri, The, standing. — Diomedes', 31 ; Azilises, 93 ; Eucratides, 165. Dioscuri, The, on horseback. — Eucra- tides, 13 sqq., 165; Diomedes, 31. Dioscuri, One of the. — Eucratides, 16; Azilises, 93. Dolphin. — Menander, 169. Dolphin, twined round anchor. — Nicias, 58. E. Elephant. — Heliocles, 23 sq. ; Lysias, 29 sq. ; Archebius, 33 ; ApoUo- dotus I., 34; Zoilus, 53 ; Maues, 68 ; Azes, 87, 90 ; AziUses, 95, 97 ; Antimachus I., 164 ; Antial- cidas, 166; Menander, 169. Elephant : holds wreath. — Maues, 71. Elephant, Head of. — Demetrius 7 ; Menander, 50. ^ JYPES. 179 Enclosure, Sacred. — Agathocles, 12. Epander, Head of.— Epander, 169. Eucratides, Head of. — Eucratides, 13 sqq., 165 sq. Euthydemus I., Head of. — Euthy- demus, I., 4 sq. ; Agathocles, 10. Euthydemus IL, Head of.— Euthy- demus II., 8. Female figure, between stars. — Maues, 70. Eemale figure : holds fillet. — Maues, 71 ; Azes, 89. Eire-god. — Kanerkes, 130, 132 sq. ; Hooerkes, 136, 150 sqq., 156. G. Giant. —Telephus, 171. Goad, Elephant. — Menander, 169. Gondophares, Head of. — Gondo- phares, 103 sqq., 174. Gorgon-head on aegis. (See Aegis.) H. Hecate in hand of Zeus. (^See Zeus.) Heliocles, Head of. — Heliocles, 21 sqq., 166. Heliocles and Laodice, Heads of. — Eucratides, 19. Helios in quadriga. — Plato, 20. Herakles, Young, standing. ^Deme- trius, 6 ; Euthydemus II., 8 ; Lysias, 29 s^. ; Zoilus, 52 ; Maues, 69 sq. ; Azes, 89 ; Azi- lises, 96 ; Spalahores with Vo- nones, 98 ; Spalagadames with Vonones, 99; Uncert., 119; Hermaeus and Kadphises, 120 sq. ; Kadphises 1., 122 ; Hooer- kes, 138, 154 ; Theophilus, 167 ; Vonones and Spalahores, 173. Herakles, seated. — Euthydemus I., isq.; Agathocles, 10; Agatho- cleia and Strato, 43 ; Azilises, 95 ; Spalagadames with Spaly- ris, 100. Herakles ; Nike on shoulder.— Zoilus, 170. Herakles, bearded, Head of — Euthy- demus I., 5 ; Demetrius, 7 ; Euthydemus II., 8 ; Lysias, 29 ; Strato I., 42 ; Antialcidas and Lysias, 166 ; Theophilus, 167 ; Zoilus, 170. Herakles, Young, Head of. — ^Aga- thocles, 10. Heraus, Head of. — Heraus, 116. Hermaeus, Head of. — Hermaeus, 62 sqq., 172 ; Hermaeus and Kad- phises, 120 sq. ; Kadphises I., 122. Hermaeus and Calliope, Heads of. — Hermaeus and Calliope, 66. Hermes, standing. — Maues, 71 ; Azes, 83 sqq. Hippostratus, Head of. — Hippo- stratus, 59 sq. Horse. — Euthydemus I., 5 ; Euthy- demus II., 8 ; Heliocles, 22 ; Menander, 48 ; Hippostratus, 60 ; Hermaeus, 66, 172; Maues, 72 ; Azes, 89 ; Azilises, 96 ; Eucratides, 1 65 ; Arsaces Theos, 175. Horse, Forepart of. — Hyrcodes, 118. Hyrcodes, Head of. — Hyrcodes, 117 sq. 180 INDEX I. K Kadaphes, Head of. — Kadaphes, 123. Kadphises II., Head of.— Kadphi- ses II., 126. Kanerkes, Head of. — Kanerkes, 132. King, standing. — Azilises, 96 ; Spali- rises, 101; Spalirises with Azes, 102; Kadphises II., 126 sq. ; Kanerkes, 129 sqq., 175 ; Ba- zodeo, 159 sq. ; Nicias, 171. King, seated, — Maues, 71 ; Azes, 83 sq. ; Gondophares, 104; Sana- bares, 113; Kadaphes, 123, Kadphises II., 124 sqq. ; Hoo- erkes, 138, 145 ; Hooerkes, 156. King on horseback. — ^Antimachus II., 55; Philoxenus, 56, 171; Ni- cias, 58 ; Hippostratus, 59 sq. ; Hermaeus, 172 ; Hermaeus and Calliope, 66 ; Maues, 68 sq. ; Azes, 73 sqq., 88 sqq. ; Azes and Azilises, 92, 173 ; Azilises, 93 sqq. ; Spalahores with Vonones, 98; Spalagadames with Vonones, 99 ; Spalagadames with Spalj'- ris, 100; Spalirises, 100; Spa- lirises with Azes, 102 ; Gondo- phares, 103 sqq.; Abdagases, 107 sq. ; Zeionises, 110; XJncert., Ill; Soter, 114 sqq. ; Zeionises, 174 ; Arsaces Dikaios, 174. King on elephant. — Hooerkes, 137 ; 153 sq. King on camel. — Azes, 88. King in biga. — Kadphises II., 175. King crowned by Nike. — Gondo- phares, 174. King on horseback, crowned by Nike.— Heraiis, 116. King and City. — Zeionises, 110, King between Nike and another. — Zeionises, 174. King, half length. — Kadphises II., 124; Kanerkes, 132, 175; Hooerkes, 136 sqq. King, Head of, helmeted. — Sophytes, 2 ; Eucratides, 14 sqq., 165 Plato 20; Antialcidas, 26 Lysias, 29 ; Diomedes, 31 Archebius, 32 ; Strato I., 40 Agathocleia, 43; Menander, 44 sq. ; Apollophanes, 54 ; Phi- loxenus, 56 ; AmjTitas, 61 ; Hermaeus, 63 ; Soter, 116 ; Kad^jhises II., 124 sqq: ; Kaner- kes, 132 ; Hooerkes, 136 sqq. ; Heliocles, 166. Ki9g, Head of, in causia, — Anti- machus I., 12 ; Antialcidas, 25 sq. ; Amyntas, 171. King, Head of, in elephant's skin. — Demetrius, 6, 163 ; Lysias, 29. King, Head of, in tiara. — Sanabanjs, 113 ; Gondophares, 174. King, Bust of, thrusting with spear. • — Eucratides, 18, 165; Arche- bius, 32 ; Menander, 46 sq., 168; Philoxenus, 171; Amyn- tas, 171. L. Lakshmi, beside lion. — Azes, 85. Laodice, Head of. {See Heliocles and Laodice.) Lion. — Azes, 85 sqq ; Azilises, 97 ; Zeionises, 111; Uncert., Ill, 119. Lion, Maneless. — Pantaleon, 9 ; Aga- thocles, 11 ; ISIenanderj 50 ; Maue.s, 69. Lysias, Head of. — Lysias, 29. 181 M Maenad, between vines. — Maues, 70 ; Azes, 89. Mahasena. — Hooerkes, 138, 150. Mahasena Skanda and Visaliha. — Hooerkes, 150. Male figure : holds sceptre. — Azilises, 97. Male figure : holds club and trident. — Maues, 71 ; Azes, 89. Male head in Phrygian cap. — Amyn- tas, 61 ; Hermaeus, 66. Menander, Head of. — Menander, 44 sqq., 168. Moon-god. — Kanerkes, 129, 131, 133 sq.; Hooerkes, 139, 154, 156. Moon-god and sun-god. — Hooerkes, 141. N. ^'anaia. — Kanerkes, 129, 131, 134 sq. ; Hooerkes, 144 sqf/., 158 ; Bazodeo, 159. Nicias, Head of.— Nicias, 58, 171. AUke.— Eucratides, 18, 166 ; Arche- bius, 32; Stratol., 42; Menan- der, 48 ; Epander, 51 ; Anti- machus XL, 55; Philoxenus, 57 ; Hermaeus, 65, 172 ; Maues, 68 sqq. ; Azes, 83 ; Gondo- phares, 104 sq. ; Abdagases, 107 ; Orthagnes, 109 ; Pacores, 110 ; Sanabares, 113 ; Hooerkes, 147 ; Antemidorus, 170. Nike on prow. — Antimachus I., 164. Ifike in quadriga. — Andragoras, 1. Nike, wingless. — Azilises, 96. 0. Orthagnes, 109. Owl.— Archebius, 32 sq. ; Menander, 49, 168. Ox, Head of. — Menander, 49. Pacores, Head of. — Pacores, 110. Pallas, standing. — Andragoras, 1 ; Menander, 50 ; Amyntas, 61 ; Maues, 69 ; Azes, 78 sqq., 91 ; Spalahores with Vonones, 98 ; Spalagadames with Vonones, 99 ; Gondophares, 103 ; Hooer- kes, 149; Demetrius, 163; Mcias, 171; Vonones and Spa- lahores, 173. Pallas, thundering. — Apollodotus IT., 37; Strato I., 40 sq. ; 168; Strato II., 168 ; Menander, 44 sqq., 168 ; Dionysius, 51 ; Zoilus, 52 ; Apollophanes, 54 ; Amyntas, 61 ; Eanjabala, 67 ; Azes, 78 ; Gondophares, 103 ; Epander, 169. Pallas, seated. - Hippostratus, 60 ; Demetrius, 163. Pallas, Head of. — Menander, 48 sq., 168. Palm. — Menander, 50, 169. Palm and wreath. — Antialcidas, 28 ; Antimachus II., 55. Palms and pilei. {See Pilei.) Pantaleon, Head of. — Pautaleon, 164. Panther. — Pantaleon, 9 ; Agathocles, 11. Philoxenus, Head of. — Philoxenus, 56, 171. 182 INDEX I. Pilei of Dioscuri and palms. — Eucra- tides, 15, 18, 165; Antialcidas, 27 sy. ; Antialcidas and Lysias, 1&6; Archebius, 167. Plato, Head of.— Plato, 20. Poseidon, standing.— Antimachus I., 12 ; Azes, 77. Poseidon and Eiver-god. — Maues, 70 sq. ; Azes, 89. Q. Quadriga of Helios. — Plato, 20. Quadriga driven by Nike. — Andra- goras, 1. Quiver and bow. — Strato I., 41. R. Ranjabala, Head of.— Ranjabala, 67. Eiver-god under foot of Poseidon. {See Poseidon.) Sanabares, Head of. — Sanabares, 113. Sarapis. — Hooerkes, 149. Siva, two armed. — Gondophares, 104; Kadphises II., 125; Ka- nerkes, 135; Hooerkes, 155; Bazodeo, 159. Siva, two armed, with bull. — Kad- phises II., 124, 126 sq., 175; Bazodeo, 159 sqq. Siva, four armed. — Kanerkes, 132, 135; Hooerkes, 147, 155, 158. Skanda. — Hooerkes, 138. Skanda and Visakha. — Hooerkes, 149. Skanda Visakha and Mahascna. — Hooerkes, 150. Sophytes, Head of. — Sophytes, 2. Soter, Head of. — Soter, 114 sqq. Strato I., Head of. — Strato I., 40 sq., 168. Strato II., Head of.— Strato II., 168. Stupa, Buddhist. — ^Agathocles, 12. Sun-god, standing. — Philoxenus, 57 ; Kanerkes, 129, 131, 134,175; Hooerkes, 136, 141, 155, 157. Sun-god and moon-god. — Hooerkes, 141. Sun-god and another figure. — Tele- phus, 171. Symbol ij. — Gondophares, 105. Theophilus, Head of. — Theophilus, 167. Thunderbolt, winged. — Demetrius, 163. Trident. — Demetrius, 7. Trident and battle-axe in one. — Kad- _ phises II., 126. Tripod-lebes. — Euthydemus II., 8 ; Apollodntus I., 35 sq., 167 ; ApoUodotus II., 38 sq.; Strato I., 41 ; Menander, 49 ; Dionysius, 51 ; Zoilus, 53 ; Hippostratus, 60 ; Maues, 72. Triton. — Hippostratus, 60. Tyche.— Maues, 68, 70 sq. Visakha and Skanda. — Hooerkes,. 149. Visakha Skanda and Mahasena. — Hooerkes, 150. TYPES. 183 W. "War-god. — Kanerkes, 132 ; Hooer- kes, 138, 148. Warrior, standing. — Arsaces Dikaios, 174. "Wheel. — Menander, 50. "Wind-god. — Kanerkes, 135. "Wreath and palm. — Antialcidas, 28 ; Antimachus II., 55. Zeus, standing. — Heliocles, 21 sqq. ] Manes, 68 ; Azes, 73 sqq., 83 ; Azes and Azilises, 92 ; AziUses, 93 ; Spalahores with Vonones, 98 ; Spalagadames with Vo- nones, 99 ; Spalirises, 100 ; Gondophares, 103, 106 ; Abda- gases, 107 sq. ; Soter, 114, 116. Zeus, thundering. — Diodotus I., 3 ; Agathocles, 10, 164 ; Antima- chus I., 164 ; Archebius, 32. Zeus, standing : holding Hecate. — Agathocles, 10. Zeus, seated. — Agathocles, 10; Amyn- tas, 61, 171 ; Hermaeus, 62 sqq., 172 ; Spalirises, 101 ; Heliocles, 166. Zeus, seated, with Thunderbolt. — Maues, 70, 172. Zeus, seated, and elephant. — Eucra- tides, 19 ; Antialcidas, 25 sq. ; Maues, 70. Zeus, seated: holds Hecate. — Pan- taloon, 164. Zeus, Head of, diad. — Andragoras, 1 ; Archebius, 167. Zeus, Head of, laur. — Diodotus I., 3 ; Euthydemus I., 5. Zeus, Head of thundering. — Antial- cidas, 27 sq. Zoilus, Head of.— ZoUus, 52, 170. INDEX II. KINGS, TYRANTS, &c. AbJagases, 107. Agathocles, 10, 164. Agathocleia with Strato, 43. Amyntas, 61, 171. Andragoras, 1. AntialciJas, 25, 166. Antialcidas and Lysias, 166, Antimaohus I., 12, 164. Antimachus XL, 55. Apollodotus I., 34, 167. ApoUodotus II., 37. ApoUophanes, 54. Archebius, 32, 167. Arsaces Dikaios, 174. Arsaces Theos, 175. Artemidoms, 54, 170. Azes, 73. Azes and Azilises, 92, 173. Azes and Spalirises, 102. AziUses, 93, 173. B. Bazodeo (Vasu Deva), 159, C. Calliope and Hermaeus, 66. D. Demetrius, 6, 163. Diodotus I., 3. Diomedes, 31. Dionysius, 51, 169. E. Epander, 51, 169. Eucratides, 13, 165. Eucratides with Heliocles and Lao- dice, 19. Euthydemus I., 4. Euthydemus II., 8. G. Gondophares, 103, 174. H. Heliocles, 21, 166. Heliocles and Laodice with Eucra- tides, 19. Heraiis, 116. Hermaeus, 62, 172. Hermaeus and Calliope, 66. Hermaeus and Kadphises I., 120. Hippostratus, 59. KINGS, TYRANTS, &C. 185- Hooerkes, 136. Hyrcodes, 117. K. Kadaphes, 123. Kadphises I., 122. Kadphises I. and Hermaeus, 120. Kadphisos I L, 124, 175. Kanerkes, 129, 175. Laodice with Heliocles and Eucra- tides, 19. Lysias, 29. Lysias and Antialcidas, 166. M. Maues, 68, 172. Menander, 44, 168. N. Mcias, 58, 171. 0. Orthagnes, 109. Pacoies, 110. Pantaleon, 9, 164. Philoxenus, 56, 171. Plato, 20. Eanjabala, 67. R. S. Sanabares, 113. Sophy tes, 2. Soter Megas, 114. Spalagadames with Spalyris, 100. Spalagadames with Vonones, 99. Spalahores with Vonones, 98, 173. Spalirises, 100. Spalirises with Azes, 102. StratoL, 40, 168. Strato I. and Agathocleia, 43. Strato II., 168. T. Telephus, 171. Theophilus, 167. V. Vasu Deva (Bazodeo), 159. Vonones and Spalagadames, 99. Vonones and Spalahores, 98, 173. "sZeionises, 110, 174. Zoilus, 62, 170. B 3 INDEX III. TITLES OF KINGS. A. GEEEK. AAEA«t>IAEnZ AbJagases, 108. AAEA<|)OY TOY BAZIAEflZ Spalyris, 100. ANIKHTOY Lysias, 29, 166; Artemidorus, 54, 170; Philpxenus, 56; Demetrius, 163. AYTOKPATO[ Gondophares, 174. BAZIAEYONTOZ Agathocles, 10; Soter, 114. BAZIAEYONTOZ BAZIAEHN Abdagases, 107 ; Arsaces Dikaios, 174. BAZIAEnZ AAEAOY Spalirises, 100. BAZIAEHZ BAZIAEXIN Gondophares, 104; Kanerkes, 129. BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEilN MEfAAOY Maues, 68, 172 ; Azes, 73, 173; Azilises, 92; Vononcs, 98, 173; Spalirises, 101; Gondophares, 103, 174; Orthagnes, 109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Kadphises II., 126. BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY Eucratides, 14, 165 ; ApoUodotus XL, 37 ; Hippostratus, 59 ; Azes, 90 ; Spalirises, 102 ; Gondophares, 105 ; Sanabares, 113. AIKAIOY Agathocles, 10, 164; Heliocles, 21, 166; Archcbins, 32, 167; Strato I., 41 ; Menander, 50 ; Zoihis, 52, 170 ; Spalyris, 100; Theo- philus, 167; Arsaces, 174. EniANOYZ Plato, 20; Strato I., 40, 16S. EYEPrETOY Telcphus, 171. TITLES OF KINGS. 187 OEOTPonoY Agathocloia, 43. OEOY Eiithydemus I., 10; Antimachus I., 12, 164; Gondophares, 103; Arsaces, 175. N I KATO POZ Amyntas, 6 1 ; Antiochus of Syria, 164. NIKHAPPO, <|>APO Kanerkes, 132; Hooerkes, 150. iiPON Hooerkes, 153. ( 191 ) TABLE roB CONVERTING ENGLISH INCHES INTO MILLIMIITRES AND THE MEASURES OF MIONNET'S SCALE. English Inches 4- 3-S French Millimetres lao, 2-S 1-5 -18- -J7- -IC- -M- -14- MionnetS Scale SO is 75 70 65 GO 65 £0 -13- -12- -11- ID- 9- S- -7- G- s- i- a- a- -. — 1- 40 ss 30 Z5 20 15 10 ( 192 ) TABLE OP The Kblativb Weights op English Grains and French Grammes. Grains. Grammes. Grains Grammes. Grains Grammes. Grains. Grammes. 1 •064 41 2-656 81 5-248 121 7-840 2 •129 42 2-720 82 5-312 122 7-905 3 •194 43 2-785 83 5-378 123 7-970 4 •259 44 2-850 84 5-442 124 8035 5 •324 45 2-915 85 5-508 125 8-100 6 •388 46 2-980 86 5 572 126 8-164 7 •453 47 3-045 87 5-637 127 8-229 8 •518 48 3-110 88 5-702 128 8-294 9 ■583 49 3-175 89 6-767 129 8-359 10 •648 50 3-240 90 5-832 130 8^424 11 •712 51 3-304 91 5^896 131 8^488 12 •777 52 3-368 92 5-961 132 8-553 13 ■ ^842 53 3-434 93 6026 133 8-618 14 •907 54 3-498 94 6-091 134 8-682 15 •972 55 3-564 95 6 156 135 8-747 16 1-036 56 3-628 96 6-220 136 8-812 17 1-101 57 3-693 97 6-285 137 8-877 18 M66 58 3-758 98 6-350 138 8-942 19 1-231 59 3-823 99 6-415 139 9^007 20 1-296 60 3-888 100 6-480 140 9-072 21 1^360 61 3-952 101 6-544 141 9-136 22 1^425 62 4-017 102 6-609 142 9-200 23 1-490 63 4-082 103 6-674 143 9-265 24 1-555 64 4-146 104 6739 144 9-330 25 1-620 65 4-211 105 6-804 145 9-395 26 1-684 66 4-276 106 6-868 146 9-460 27 1-749 67 4-341 107 6933 147 9-525 28 1-814 68 4-406 108 6-998 148 9-590 29 1-879 69 4-471 109 7-063 149 9655 30 1-944 70 4-536 110 7-128 150 9-720 31 2-008 71 4-600 111 7-192 151 9 784 32 2-073 72 4-665 112 7-257 152 9-848 33 2-138- 73 4-729 113 7-322 153 9-914 34 2-202 74 4-794 1!4 7-387 154 9-978 35 2-267 75 4-859 115 7-452 155 10-044 36 2-332 76 4-034 116 7-516 156 10-108 37 2 397 77 4-989 117 7-581 157 10-173 38 2-462 78 5-054 118 7-646 158 10-238 39 2-527 79 5-119 119 7-711 159 10-303 40 2-592 80 .^-184 120 7-776 160 10-.368 ( 193 ) T ABLE The Eblative Weights of English Grains and Feench Grammes. Grains. Grammes. Grains Grammes. Grains Grammes. Grains. Grammes. 161 10-432 201 13-024 241 15-616 290 18-79 162 10-497 202 13-089 242 15-680 ■ 300 19-44 163 10-562 203 13-154 243 15-745 310 20-08 164 10-626 204 13-219 244 15 810 320 2073 165 10-691 205 13-284 245 15-875 330 2138 166 10-756 206 13-348 246 15-940 340 22-02 167 10-821 207 . 13-413 247 16-005 350 22-67 168 10-886 208 13-478 248 16 070 360 23-32 169 10-951 209 13-543 249 16-135 370 23-97 170 11-016 210 13-608 250 16-200 380 24-62 171 11-080 211 13-672 251 16-264 390 25-27 172 11-145 212 13-737 252 16-328 400 2592 173 11-209 213 13-802 253 16-394 410 26-56 174 11-274 214 13-867 254 16-458 420 27-20 175 11-339 , 215 13-932 255 16-524 430 27-85 176 11-404 216 13 996 256 16-588 440 28-50 177 11-469 217 14-061 257 16 653 450 29-15 178 11-534 218 14-126 258 16-718 460 29-80 179 11-599 219 14-191 259 16-783 470 30 45 180 11-664 220 14-256 260 16-848 480 31-10 181 11-728 221 14-320 261 16-912 490 31-75 182 11-792 222 14 385 262 16 977 500 32-40 183 11-858 223 14-450 263 17 042 510 33-04 184 11-922 224 14-515 264 17-106 520 33-68 185 11-988 225 14-580 265 17-171 530 34-34 186 12-052 226 14 644 266 17-236 540 34-98 187 12-117 227 14 709 267 17-301 550 35-64 188 12-182 228 14-774 268 17-366 560 36-28 189 12-247 229 14-839 269 17-431 570 36-93 190 12-312 230 14-904 270 17-496 580 37-58 191 12-376 231 14-968 271 17-560 590 38-23 192 12-441 232 15-033 272 17-625 600 38-88 193 12-506 233 15-098 273 17-689 700 45-36 194 12-571 234 15-162 274 17-754 800 51-84 195 12-636 235 15-227 275 17-819 900 58-32 196 12-700 236 15-292 276 17-884 lOOO 64-80 197 12-765 237 15-357 277 17-949 2000 12960 198 12-830 238 15-422 278 18-014 3000 194-40 199 12-895 239 15-487 279- 18-079 4000 259-20 200 12-960 I 240 15-552 280 18 144 ' 5000 324 00 c c Pl.l. 7 /R ANDRACORAS, SOPHYTES, DiODOTUS^ EUTHYDEMUSl. PI.II. EUTHYDEMUS 1, DEMETRIUS. PI.JII. /'J.,^i-Z.ii3ii&j), DEMETRIUS, EUTHYDEMUS II, PANTALEON. ^./K ACATH DC LES. PL V >*^jr£ \ «'*-'A/''2 (^\ \t ^ ANTIMAC±LU_S. I, LUCRAMDES. PIE •fj/^Vj/i^fl '■Ajj^ Si^l&J irf'f^'t EUCRATIDES, PLATO. Fl HELIOCLES, ANTIALCIDAS. H.V///. 4^. •i*s--:~ 8 ANTIALCIDAS, LYSIAS, DIOMEDES. FIJX ^:j^ij^;':i.- -^ : It -^ ^:/i^^ ^J** •S •>, ARCHEBIUS, APOLLODOTUS. PI. I. APOLLODOTUS, STRATO I. PI. XI. ■-A ifJ -w 1 . >«„• -;V v^_ -J^ ^' •'1 T/f?rr-'i^ ""^-^TTrrai ' '•"' a^^ii^^i ,,1^^.-^.. '-it 3? 3^^ 'A ^:.M 2 I*!! ^' #3^ iTRATO I, AGATHOCLEIA, MENANDER. ^"X r "^^B 'Si - 'jKf'-' M. -*r 4 ^9§!^S^^ ^^m-j p^p* ^Mi ^^ ^^ ^j@^^' -'- ^^^ IfSBtf' ~ "''' iid^d f^^fl, 2.-df- /'ZZ// ^ ^mmm 7^t-r *.' MENANDER, EPANDER, DlONYSIUS, ZOILUS, PLXM m:^ ^ -!'■' (II ■w', '•'1 5 /B APOLLOPHAN ES, ARTEMIDORUS, ANT I M ACH US II, PHI LOXENUS, NICIAS, PL XIV. HI PPOSTRATUS, AMYNTAS. PI. XV. '^^. fL \1 -/ / HERMAEUS, CA LLI PE, R AN J A B ALA. PL XVl SCJ^i^^^'^i M AUES. n xv/i -V. .jf~ Wi. ''^■S^«^:-i J^^ Jf'Jf^ maue:s. aze; PIXIW. ^fe 6'- " /// '-"sT' -i AZ ES, PI. XIX ..#^'5^^^- -(,£,». ^i* ^^^^. -^Tp^^Sf-f^^ ?^v J Fife f;!,i-*!*ip; r^: AZES. PlIX. ^r^' /R -^ AZILISES, VONONES, SPALAHORES, &c. Pl.XXlI. v ^v^ii^ "P. ^%- ''S,- ,. -y ^<5<^^% 13 .:-;.:i'*-;- ^ ^X'/TK — SPALl RISES &c. GONDOPHARES. H.IMI. ^.j;^ ABDAGASES^ ZEIONISES <5:C. PACORES, ORTH AGNES, SAN A BARES. RZl¥ BAS. MEGAS, HERAUS, HYRCODES&c. F/XXl^ KAD PHISES I, KADAPHES, KADPHISESH. P/XXF7 KA N ERKES. Z, r^ . RXXV/l '^^^M 22 /V 23 A/ 24 A' KANERKES, HOOERKES. /"/.IM/I 21 /V 22 N 27 A/ 31 A* 32 AJ H OOERKES. R.im. HOOERKES, BAZODEO &.C. PI. XXX. SUPPLEMENTARY. 1. PI. XXXI. &> ^.2^^H a sns;.^ •gj s= ^ ^ p^ jllLjfcs m ^ S-UPPLEMBNTARY. 2. PI. XXXIl. SUPPLEMENTARY. 3.