tfi.^:*-. . ^ ,;?X, , 11^ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ENGINEERING LIBRARY Cornell University Library TN 775.G78 1919 The mmeral industry of^theBrmshEjm.- Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924004686279 IMPERIAL MINERAL RESOURCES BUREAU. THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. WAR PERIOD. ALUMINIUM AND BAUXITE. (1913-191!).) PRINTED AND PtTBLISHBD ET HIS MA.JF.STTS STATIONERY OFFIOB. To bs purchased thron?fh any Bookseller or iliraotly from II.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addrassMs Imperial Hoosb, Kinosway. London, W.0.3, and 28. Abingdon street, London, S.WJ.; 37, Peter Street, Manohbsteb; 1, ST. Andrew's Crbsoent, oardipp: 23. Forth Street. Edinbctroh ; or from E. PONSONBY. LTD, U6. GBAFION STREET, DlTBLlS. 1921, Fricfi 9(i. Xet. ^/. 6e,/. jL^nPc^/,^i^:rAJS7/7L'7(~ ^ LOh/bOf^| lis PEEP ACE. The following digest of statistical and technical information relative to the production and consumption of aluminium and bauxite will constitute a part of the Annual Volume on the Mineral Resources of the British Empire and Foreign Countries. In this, the first year of publicali(m, an effort has been made to fill in, as far as possible, the hiatus due to the war in the publications relating to mining and metallurgical statistics. Labour, lioalth, and safety statistics have been omitted owing to the difficulty involved in procuring reliable information for the war period, but in future issues these statistics will be included in respect of each year. IlesDrt will also be had to graphical representation of statistics of production, consumption, costs, and prices. The weights ;ue expressed in long tons, that is to say the British statute ton of 2,240 lb., and values in pounds, shillings, and pence at par rates of exchange. R. A. S. Redmayne. Chairman of the Governors. 2, Queen Anne's Gate Buildings, London, S.W.I. 1921. (31815) Wt. 32084-67/681 2000 4/31 (T..-i. Ps. 42S) H.St. G.36 CONTENTS. . 1916. 1917. 1918. 1 1919 United Kingdom ... Canada Austria France* Germany Italy* Norway Switzerland United States 7,500 6,000 2,000 13,283 1,000 860 2,000 10,000 29,000 7,400 6,500 2,000 9,803 1,000 922 4,000 15,000 41,500 88,125 7,000 6,000 5,920 1,000 889 8,000 10,000 44,500 7,600 7,500 9,447 8,000 1,108 12,000 12,500 62,500 7,000 8,000 10,886 20,000 1,712 15,000 15,000 80,000 8,200 8,000 11,826 25,000 1,687 15,000 15,000 85,000 8,000 8,000 12,000 12,000 2,000 10,000 15,000 80,000 Total 71,643 8:1.309 120,655 1 .''i7,598 169,713 147,000 * Official figures. 1919 figure estimated. BEITISH EMPIEE. United Kingdom.* All the bauxite produced in the United Kingdom comes from Ireland. It occurs associated with the pisolitic iron -ores and laterites of Antrim, in the area lying north and north-east of Lough Neagh, between Belfast Lough and the north coast of the county. While many of the deposits seem to have originated from basalts, those of Glenarm and Straid Hill are associated with altered rhyolitic material. The nature of the Irish deposits has been discussed in the Memoir of the Geological Survey of Ireland on " The Interbasaltic Eocks (iron ores and bauxites) of North- east Ireland " (1912), where numerous analyses are quoted, * For details relating to bauxite in Ireland, the Bureau is indebted to Professor Grenville A. J. Cole, Director of the Geological Survey of Ireland. Production statistics are taken from the Reports of the Chief Inspector of Mines, Home Office. 31S16 A 4 8 showing that the silica percentage is generally high. In several cases, however, and notably in the material from near Ballynure, the amount of silica present is comparatively low and not more than about 9 per cent. On account of its siliceous nature Irish bauxite has been used more for the manufacture of aluminium, sulphate than for aluminium (see " Beport of the Controller of the Department for the Development of Mineral Eesources," page 23, 1918). The raising of bauxite as " alum-clay " began, in 1873. The percentage of titanium dioxide varies at Glenarm from 256 to 9"40, and reaches 11'06 at Tuftarney. The principal localities in County Antrim are : — Clegnagk, west of Ballintoy. Pale grey and often pisolitic. Essathohan, one mile north of Parkmore railway station. Tuftarney , between Newtown Crommelin and Cargan. Libbert Mine, Glenarm. Grey, and probably derived frona rhyolite. Outcrop no longer exposed. Irish Hill and Straid, E. of Ballynure and N.B. of Ballyclare. Probably derived from rhyolite. The bed in places overlies pisolitic iron-ore, both deposits being preserved under an outlier of Upper Basalt. Bauxite has also been raised at the iron mines of Cargan, Evishacrow , and Correeii, and at Cullinane, 2^ miles S.S.W. of Camlough. In the county of Londonderry, a brown-grey bauxite has been mined at Killygreen, four miles S.S.E. of Portrush. A deposit of bauxitic clay was discovered recently in Ayrshire. Experiments made with this material show that it is likely to prove useful as a refractory. The material varies in chemical composition, showing from 26 to 50 per cent, of alumina, and 28 to 50 per cent, of silica, thus ranging in composition between a refractory clay and a bauxitic clay. Eefined alumina is pro- duced in the United Kingdom at Lame Harbour in Co. Antrim, Burntisland in Fifeshire, and Hebburn near Newcastle-on-Tyne. There are aluminium reduction works at Foyers in Invemess- shire, Kinlochleven in Argyllshire, and Dolgarrog in North Wales. Production of Bauxite in the United Kingdom. Quantity Value Year. (long tons). 1918 6,055 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 8,286 11,728 10,329 14,724 9,589 9,221 (£). 1,563 2,159 3,16S 2,984 4,132 2,736 2,811 Prict's of Aluminium in the United Kingdom* £ per ton Lowest. Highest Year. 1913 81 85 1914 81 100 1915 ... 100 160 1916 ... 150 150 1917 ... 225 225 1918 ... 200 225 1919 ... 160 200 Gold Coast, t Deposits of high-grade bauxite have been discovered recently by the Gold Coast Geological Survey at and near the summit of Mt. Ejuanema on the Kwahu plateau, two miles to the west- south-west of Mpraeso, and about a mile to the south- south-west of Obomen. The sunamit of this hill is about 2,800 feet above sea-level, and about 1,000 feet above the Asuboni river. The rock formations consist of a series of irregularly alternating sandstones, sandy shales, and clay shales, disposed horizontally, though in some cases with slight inclinations to the north or north-east. Bauxite is seen in situ along the whole of the rim of the top of the mountain and at the summit over a large area, also at various places below the broken rim for 100 feet below the summit. Samples taken were passed through a 40-mesh sieve , the coarse and fine portions being analysed separately. The coarse portion constituted 95 per cent, of the whole and consisted of granular bauxite, while much of the fine material was of the same gi'anular charactei:. The average of seventeen analyses of the coai'se por- tion was as follows : — Per cent. Alumina ... 6055 Ferric oxide ... Titanium oxide Silica Lime and magnesia Moisture 9-75 2-21 1-42 0-73 25 59 At the present time the nearest railway station is Tafo, 40 miles to the south . Coomassie .railway station is 65 miles to the west. The railway from Tafo to Coomassie is no\^ being ex- tended, and will pass within a mile of the foot of Mt. Ejuanema * The Bureau is indebted to Mr. Murray Morrison for this table of prices During the greater part of the war period, prices were fixed by the .Ministry of Munitions. t Annual Reports of Director of Gold Coast Geological Survey. 31S15 \ 5 10 and within two miles of the deposit. An aerial ropeway will be necessary to connect the mine with the valley below. The total amount of bauxite available at Mt. Ejuanema is estimated to be about 3,000,000 tons. Canada. t Bauxite is not mined in Canada, but the Dominion is neverthe- less a very important producer of aluminium. This is owing to the water-power available at Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, where there is a large plant erected for the production of the metal. The method of treatment adopted is the Hall electric reduction process. The material treated consists of refined ahmaina im- ported from the United States. No unrefined bauxite is imported into Canada. Imports of Refined Alumina and Aluminium into Canada. ImportB of Alumina. Imports of Aluminium. Year. Ingots, Blooms, Bars. Tubing. Long (£)« Manu- Leaf or Total tons. factures. foU. Value. Long tons. (.£)" Long tons. (£)* {£)*. (£)♦ (£)* 1913 13,707 128,065 1,543 125,955 9 1,911 27,487 _ 155,353 1914 12,749 119,046 1,695 155,386 7 1,437 21,488 928 179,239 1915 15,632 185,965 1,188 131,355 3 625 17,850 1,136 150,466 1916 24,026 232,096 603 109,076 2 642 19,877 10,217 139,812 1917 77,816 388,^00 312 65,956 2 644 28,674 21,493 116,767 1918 83,224 431,471 • 125 21,865 3 929 39,097 18,106 79,997 1919 Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = 4s. 2d. Exports of Alaiuinium jroni Canada. Year, Ingots, Bars, etc. Manufactures. Long tons. £* £* 1913 5,810 367,128 1,709 1914 6,478 492,689 1,161 1915 8,340 694,526, 129,284 1916 8,226- 1,083,555 5,579 1917 9,966 1,587,699 3,576 1918 9,650 1,504,910 41,181 1919 * Values converted to f sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = 48. 2d,. f Annual Reports on the Mineral Production of Canada. Annual Reports of the Trade of Canada. 11 Importu of lie jilted Aluiniiia into Canada. (Fiscal years mdiiuj March 31.) From Total ... Quantity (long tons). 1913. i 1914. 1915. ! 191 :■. I 1917. 1918. ' 1919. United Kingdom ... ■ — United States ... 11,715 11,715 13,389 13,389 — : 10 4 11,197 16,4.^2 35,680 11,197 i 16,442 '.3.5,684 73,710 73,710 84,924 84,924 Value (£).• United Kingdom ... United States Total 109,379 125,095 104,543 109,379, 125,095 104,543 114 22 205,73.^ 275,143 205,847 275,165 365,775 478,484 365,775' 478,484 * Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = 4s. 2d. Imports of Aluiitiniiiiii in Ingots, Blacks, Bars, Rods, Strips, Sheds or Plates info Canada. {Fiscal years eiuliiuj March 31.) Prom Quantity (long tons). 1913. : 1914. 1915. i 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. United Kingdom ... 414 588 432, 168 12 9 53 Belgium 5 ''^f — — — — France — 3 — — — — — Germany 3 69 25 — — — — Norway 10 — — — — — — United States 611 1,160 1,014 947 363 321 76 Total 1,043 1,844 1,471 1,115 375 330 129 Value* (i ^)-. United Kingdom ... 37,635 57,286 51,022 24,542 788 686 10,061 Belgium 443 2,503 — — — France — 317 — — — Oermany 312 7,812 2,584 — — Norway 828 — — — — — — United States 44,885 82,467 83,926 121,367 72,015 65,656, 13,847 Total 84,103 150,385 137,532 145,909 72,803 66,342 23,908 * Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = 4s. 2(/. 12 Imports of Aluminium Tubing in lengths of not less than 6 ft. not polished, bent, or dtherwise m,anufactured, .into Canada. (Fiscal years ending March 31.) From Quantity (long tons). 1913. 1914. 1915. 191fi. 1917. 1918. 1919. United Kingdom ... United States 1 3 3 5 4 2 2 3 2 4 Total 4 8 6 2 3 2 4 United Kingdom ... United States Total Value* (£). 160 573 733 709 991 1,700 865 508 1,373 562 562 862 852 762 762 1,162 1,162 * Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar ^ 4s. 2d. Imports of Aluminiwn, Leaf and Foil, into Canada. (Fiscal years ending March 31.) Prom Value* (£). t913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. United Kingdom ... Germany United States Japan ~ — 275 538 392 100 948 19 16,458 18,213 52 5 16,366 105 Total — 1,205 1,048 16,477 18,265 16,476 * Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = 4s. 2d. 13 Imports o) Muininiuin Manufactures into Canada. (Fiscal years ending March 31.) From Value* (£). 1913. 1914. 1915. ! 1916. I 1917. i 1'J18. 1919. United Kingdom ... 1,925 3,257 663 383 341 33 85 Austria-Hungary ... 140 29 15 — — — — Belgium 16 14 10 — — — — France 1,031 1,117 877 471 5"J7 9.i.T 801 Germany 2,946 3,939 863 — — — — Italy 15 — 39 — — — — Netherlands — — — — — Sweden — 2 — 1 Switzerland 56 26 — United States 19,499 23,131 15,705 15,362 22,966 2(;,744 41,282 Japan — — — — 5 1 66 Total 25,628 31,513 18,174 16,216 23,911 27,733 42,23.'', • Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar ^ 48. 2d. Exports of Aluminiumi in Bars, Blocks, etc., from Cunada (Domestic Produce). (FL-icnl years ending March 31.) Qniuitity (long tons). To llli;t. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. United Kingdom 1,874 1,929 2,310 5,645 6,507 9,528 •.\i7n Biitish India 22 85 12 — — — Australia 15 1 — — — New Zealand 74 — — — Belgium 1,049 1,044 231 — — — — France — — — — — 1,892 Germany 6 70 — — — — — Italy — — — 89 1,000 BuBsia 10 128 100 — — — — Sweden — 5 — — — Mexico 16 — — — — United States 3,510 2,499 3,275 3,019 2,157 13 2,743 Japan 206 7 342 105 4 1 — Total 6,706 5,842 6,270 8,769 8,668 9,631 9,065 Value* (. E). United Kingdom 96,656 126,221 168,797 491,430 921,755 1,563,117 521,9«7 British India 1,017 5,877 840 — — — — Australia 805 50 — — — — — Now Zealand 4,306 — — — — — Belgium ... 54,237 70,601 16,190 — — — — France — . — — — — — 288,890 Germany 267 4,716 — — — -- — Italy — — — — — 12,658 154,437 Russia 637 8,980 8,134 — — — ■ Sweden — 348 — — — — — Mexico 814 — — — — — — United States 175,971 171,135 263,356 266,889 292,071 3,585 433,050 Japan 10,548 490 25,766 8,837 769 190 — Total 339,862 :)il2,7'-' I 483,083 767,156 1,214,595 l,o79,6.-)ii 1,. '198,344 Values converted to f sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = it. id. 14 Exports of Aluminium Manufactures from Canada (Dofliestic Produce). (Fiscal years ending March 31.) To Value* (£). 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. United Kingdom 4 93,360 14,858 2,421 1,248 British South Af ri ca — 36 74 — — Bermuda , . . 4 . — — India — 974 235 — — - Australia . . . . 36 — — New Zealand — . 174 313 15 — Belgium 4,951) — — France 4,375 — 5,816 2,784 Italy 36 — United States .. 2,993 1,285 954 10,715 5,025 1,417 28,836 Peru — — — — — — 6,654 Venezuela . . . — 86 — — — 9,6G9 — Total . . .. 2,993 1,375 94,314 36,122 5,683 39,522 ' Values converted to £ sterling at the rate o£ 1 dollar = 4.?. 2'/. British Guiana.* The bauxite deposits of British Guiana are very extensive and of good quality. They have been traced through the colony from the Venezuelan to the Dutch border, and deposits have been found in Dutch and French Guiana. Some of the deposits are readily accessible ; ships drawing 16 ft. can reach the workings sixty miles above Georgetown, and the great waterfalls of the colony will afford ample cheap power for the electric treatment of the raw material if that proves to be feasible. Ana,lyses published by the Science Department in 1917 show that many of the deposits are rich in alumina. Material from one shaft showed on analysis 67 per cent, alumina and from another 64 per c^nt. In 1917, 800 men were employed and the output was 2,037 tons, of ore, which was exported to the United States. During 1918, 4,199 tons of ore was shipped. During 1919, stocks appear to have been accumulating, and there were no shipments in that year; but during 1920 the exports amounted * Reports on the Lands and Mines Department (Annualj. to 29,399 tons, bringing the total quantity shipped since mining operations were begun up U> 35,tj:)5 tons. Eoyalty wa ^ paid at the rate of 1( • cents per ton . Nine samples of bauxite from Akyma, on the Demerara River, showed the following average composition : — Per cent. Alumina 5956 Silica Ferric oxide Titanium dioxide Combined water Moisture 265 2-49 3-80 30-39 111 100-00 The range in composition of the nine samples is shown l)y the maximum and minimum percentages of the different chemical constituents, which were as follows : — Maximum. Minimum Per cent. Per cent. Alumina 61-08 57-30 Silica 4-58 107 Ferric oxide 3-35 1-30 Titanium dioxide ... 4-84 2-00 Combined water 31-62 27-86 Moisture 3-88 0-54 India.* Some years ago it was discovered that many of the laterite deposits of India were highly aluminous, and consisted of bauxite. Systematic field work by the Geological Survey has proved the existence of extensive deposits of bauxite in many parts of India, and chemical investigations have shown that certain of the Indian bauxites compare favourably with some of the best bauxites of commerce. The richest areas yet discovered in India are the Baihir plateau in the Balaghat district, and the vicinity of Katni in the Jubbul- pore district, both in the Central Provinces. Baiixite of good quality has also been found on the laterite plateaux in the western parts of Chota 2\agpiir and in Sarguja, Bihar and Oris^a ; in Bhopal and Ee\\ah States, Central India; in the Satara district, Bombay, and in various parts of the Madi-as Presidency. The deposits to which most attention has been paid up to the present time are those of Balaghat and Jubbulpore. Eight analyses of • Records of the Geological Survey of India. Annual Statenieats of the Sea-borne Trade of British India. 16 specimens and samples of the Balaghat bauxites have given results ranging between the following limits : — Per cent. Alumina 5162 to 58-83* Silica Ferric oxide ... Titanium dioxide Combined water Moisture Two Katni bauxites gave the following results : — Alumina Silica Ferric oxide ... Titanium dioxide Water ... These figures show that the Balaghat and Jubbulpore bauxites contain an appreciable percentage of titanium dioxide, but are otherwise of good quality, and there is no doubt that large quantities are available. In western Chota Na-gpur the rock laterite is believed to have been formed chiefly by hydration of basaltic lava flows. Several concessions have been taken out for working bauxite, especially in the Central Provinces, and as a result of the attention recently paid to them, and of schemes for the local production of aluminium and alumina, the Geological Survey of India has decided to examine all the known bauxite deposits in the Indian Empire and to publish a memoir on the subject. It was anticipated that the greater part of the field-work would be completed by the end of the season 1919-1920. 0-05 ,, 2-65 2-70 „ 10-58 6-22 „ 13-76 22-76 „ 30-72 0-40 „ 1-14 'e suits :— No. 1. No. -2 65-48 52-67 0-38 1-26 3-77 7-04 11-61 7-51 19-38 29-83 Production of Bauxite in India. Year. 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Quantity Value (long tons). {£). 1,184 33 514 32 876 29 750 463 1,363 620 1,192 894 1,682 1,934 * Corresponding to from 71'2 to 80'8 per cent of alumina after caloination. 17 Imports of Aluminium into India. (Fiscal years ending March 31.) Quantity (long tons). From 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1 1918. 1919. United Kingdom ... 339 392 268 418 7 2 _ East African Pro- — — — — 2-5 — — tectorate Other British — — — ■5 — — Possessions Straits Settlements — — — — — — 2 Total from British 339 392 268 418 10 2 2 Empire Austria-Hungary ... 1 1 3 — Belgium 73 39 41 14 — — — France 5 85 15 — 3 — — Germany 956 607 301 29 — — — Holland 1 2 — — — — Italy — 12 13 — — — United States 415 179 135 301 24 31 135 Japan — — 1 10 4 3 383 Other Foreign — — — — — — Countries Total from Foreign 1,451 925 509 354 31 34 518 Countries. TOTAL ... 1,790 1,317 777 772 41 36 520 1 ^alue (£ )• United Kingdom ... 31,054 40,656 30,343 50,722 1,901 434 138 East African Pro- — — — — 841 6 — tectorate Other British — 76 4 28 54 16 11 Possessions Straits Settlements — — 14 20 24 212 Total from British 31,054 40,732 30,361 58,770 2,796 480 361 Empire Austria-Hungary ... 111 77 334 — — — — Belgium 6,806 4,141 4,563 1,509 — France 605 8,755 1,678 — 199 11 Germany 93,566 68,510 34,934 3,247 32 4 Holland 106 177 — Italy United States Japan Other Foreign 1,174 1,387 — 37,849 18,937 25 13,659 130 38,037 1,770 7,649 1,584 30 13,028 1,505 42,465 106,387 Countries 1 Total from Foreign 139,043 101,796 ; 56,685 44,563 9,494 14,548 148,852 Countries TOTAL ... 170,097 '142,r.28S7,046 95,333 12,290 15,028 149,213 18 Australia. In Queensland there are a number of occurrences of bauxite, including those at Cania about 60 miles south-west of Gladstone, 'Crow's Nest near Toowoomba, and Cooranga Station in the •Gayndah district, but no systematic investigation has yet taken place. Eighteen miles west of Bpringsure, near the Tambo road, there is a deposit of alunogen , a hydrated sulphate of alumina, covering the exposed faces of a low escarpment of sandstone, the rock itseK being highly impregnated with the mineral wherever it has been tested. In New South Wales there are numerous occurrences of bauxite, but few of them appear to be sufficiently high in alumina and low in iron to be of importance as a probable source of aluminium. At Bnftahdelah in New South Wales deposits •of alunite are worked as a source of potash alum. In South Australia a bauxitic clay, which is .considered of commercial value, has been found in the Yankabilla district.. In Western Australia deposits of bauxitic clay occur on the Darling Range and on the Eastern Goldfield. EOEEIGN COUNTEIES. France.* Deposits of bauxite occur in the departments of H^rault, Bouches-du-lihone, Yar, and Alpes Maritimes, forming a band that lies almost parallel with the shore of the Mediterranean. In Provence and Languedoc the bauxite deposits are worked in open quarries and sometimes in mines, but as a rule the workings •do not extend more than about 160 feet from the surface. Three varieties of the mineral are found in Erance. The bauxite of VilleveyTac in Herault is white ; it contains a high percentage of alumina, very little iron and silica, and is used for the manufacture of aluminium salts. At Baux, near Aries, in Bouches-du-Rhone, the bauxite is red-banded ; it contains about 60 per cent, of alumina, and about 3 per cent, of silica, and is used for the manufacture of aluminium. At Thoronet and Luc, in Var, it is dark red, presents the appearance of a fine homo- geneous paste, and breaks with a splintery conchoidal fracture. Average analyses of Var bauxite are given as follows : — White variety. Red variety. Per cent. Per cent. Alumina 58 to 64 60 to 65 Ferric oxide ... 4 ,, 8 12 ,, 25 Silica 7 ,, 10 1 ,, 3 A duty of 20 per cent, ad valorem is now levied on all exports of bauxite from France. This dates frorii October 22nd, 1920, before which there was no duty on exports of this mineral. * Annuaire Statistique. Le Commerce de la France (Annual). Statistique de I'Industrie Min^rale en France et en Algeria (1914-1918). 19 Fnndi Production and Exports 0/ Bauxite* Year. Production. Quantity (long tons). Exports. Quantity Valuef (long tons). I (£). 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 304,323 55,614 104,493 118,973 160,820 165,732 128,014 147,761 114,120 40,782 53,883 61,793 100,480 49,108 79,840 37,002 60,160 38,710 47,200 * The only imports of bauxite reported during the period under review were 860 tons in 1913, 2 tons in 1915, and 492 tons in 191'.i. f Values converted to £ sterling at the late of 25 francs = £1. imports and Exports of Aluminium {Ingots, Bars, Drawn, etc.) into and from France. Imports. Exports. Quantity Quantity Year. (long tons). (long tons) 1913 93 4,441 1914 56 3,296 1915- 98 2.899 1916 833 2,127 1917 1,480 1,210 1918 7,661 524 1919 4,765 3,573 Germany. Before the war (Germany imported ;i considerable amount of bauxite, mainly from France. This was refined, and a large quantity of the refined material was exported. Only a small amount of aluminium was produced in Germany. The demand for aluminium in the manufacture of zeppehns, aeroplanes, and the numerous other manufactures in which this metal was employed, compelled the Germans to look for new sources of the raw material, and supplies were obtained from Dalmatia and Hungary. At the same time the shortage of copper in Germany led to the extensive use of aluminium as a substitute. The con- sumption in 1904 was 2,000 tons, in 1913, 10,000 tons, and for the last year of the war it was estimated to be 32,000 tons. Many new factories were erected, and the output was very largely increased. The total production of aluminium in Germany at the beginning of 1916 is estimated at about 600 tons a month. In the spring of 1917 it had risen to about 2,000 tons a month ; jind by 1918 it is estimated to have reached 2,500 tons a month, 20 or about 30,000 tons a year. At the end of the war, output fell to about 1,000 tons a month. It was reported recently that new works erected would have a capacity of 10,000 tons, which would bring the total producing capacity of Germany up to 40,000 tons a year. Italy.* Some very valuable deposits of bauxite occur in Italy in the neighbourhood of Abruzzi and Tamnium. It has been reported that the Italian Government intended purchasing these deposits in connexion with the electrification of the railways, for which a large quantity of copper would be required unless aluminium were available. As Italy would be obliged to import copper, she is likely to substitute aluminium for it as far as possible. The increase in output is chiefly owing to larger production from Lesci dei Marsi. Of the 8,744 tons of bauxite produced in 1916, 7,419 were treated with caustic soda at the works of a company manufacturing aluminium at Bussi-sul-Tirino. This bauxite with a lesser quantity of natural and artificial cryolite and 12 tons of other alumina, yielded 1,108 tons of the metal, valued at £495,440. Scarcely any aluminium, ingot or manufactured, is exported from Italy. Production of Bauxite in Italy. Quantity Value t Year. (long tons). (£). 1913 6,840 3,337 1914 3,843 1,875 1915 5,805 3,304 1916 ... 8,744 4,960 1917 7,664 14,020 1918 7,-675 14,640 1919 2,924 5,318 Product ion of Aluminium in Italy. Quantity Value + Year. (long tons) . (£). 1913 ... 860 89,148 1914 ... 922 101,196 1916 ... 889 162,720 1916 ... ... 1,108 495,440 1917 ... ... 1,712 939,600 1918 ... ... 1,687 350,540 1919 ... 1,646 384,150 * Rivista del Servizio Minerario (Annual). Statistioa di importazione e di esportazione (Annual). t "Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 25 lire = £1. 21 Imports of Aluminium into Italy. Wroug ht and Manufactured. Year. Quantity (long tons). Value (£)..♦ Quantity (long tons). Value (£).♦ 1913 100 8,976 375 .'4,885 1914 73 6,250 233 36,171 1915 1,595 136,147 43 7,159 1916 1,945 ' 869,836 153 H4,786 1917 3,738 2,051,298 194 134,655 1918 4,439 2,435,886 489 334,870 1919 " Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 2:'i lire ^ £ 1 . Jugo-Slavia. Bauxite is found in Dalmatia on both sides of the lower part of the River Kerka, in the hilly part of the Zagorge, and on tlie central Dalmatian Islands. Other occurrences are those at Eammljane in the centre of Mosec plain, near Blaca ami Konjsko north of Clissa, and at Kalun. The Bureau is indebted to Dv. R. Seligman for the following analyses of Dalmatian bauxite I. n. -Vlumina ... 57-9 57-;-. Silica 12 2-2 Fenic oxide '24-3 241 Ijime 03 — Titanium dioxide 4-2 8-8 Combined water 12-0 12-0 Moisture 04 0-6 According to a recent report (Mining Journal, 19th February, 1921) the total outputs of bauxite in Dalmatia and Istria for 1915, 1916, and 1917 were 59,946 tons, 140,088 tons, and 160,501 tons, respectively. The output in 1918 probably exceeded that of 1917. Rumania. The bauxite deposits of the Bihar Mountains in Rumania were discovered only a few years ago, and were not exploited until the war, at which time they were owned by Hungary. The development of the deposits was undertaken chiefly by the Bihar municipality to supply the demand of the German aluminium trade. The bauxite of this region is associated with limestones of Jurassic age, and forms extensive deposits. At Fata Oarza there is an outcrop of bauxite, but transportation is as yet difficult, as there are no good roads. 22 The grey and red bauxites of the Bihar mountains show tlie following composition : — Grey variety. Eed variety. Per cent. Per cent. Alumina 69 55'6 Silica 12 S'O Ferric oxide ... ... 3 25'3 Water 15 H'O Both varieties contain from 3 to 4 per cent, of titanium dioxide. They occur sometimes together and sometimep separately. It has been estimated that the visible deposits in the Bihar district will yield from two to ten million tons of ore, while, there is a possible reserve of another ten to twenty million tons. The deposits have been worked since 1915, and all the output has been exported to Germany. In 1915 there was an output of 58,118 tons, valued at iG29,509 ; and in 1916 the production is said to have been even greater. The undertaking is in the hands of the Graf Kosniss Trust , to which the Jadtal Aluminium Mining Company and the Vaskoher Iron and Aluminium Mining Company also belong. The works of the first-named company are near Baratba, Elesd, Kalota, and Jadremete, and those of the latter near R^v and Bihardobrosd (Bihar district). During the war the Germajp. factories were dependent upon these and the Dalmatian deposits for their raw material. The ores yield from 25 to 30 per cent, aluminium. Spain.* Samples of bauxite found in various parts of Spain have not shown very satisfactory results when analysed, those obtained from Catalonia being highly siliceous. Prospecting for bauxite in the Spanish Pyrenees in territory corresponding to that wherein bauxite was found in, France appears to have been unsuccessful. Official records show some production, but the source of the ore is not stated. Switzerland, t Bauxite is not found in Switzerland, but the manufacture of aluminium is a large and growing industry. The material treated formerly was calcined alumina and was imported from France, but during the war the greater part of the raw material was obtained from Austria-Hungary. Prior to the war most of the unwrought aluminium exported from Switzerland went to Germany, and from 1915 onwards Germany took practically the whole of the exports. * Estadistica Minera de Espana (Annual). -f Statistique du Commerce de la Suisse (Annual). 23 Imports of Aluiiiiuiut)i into Switzerland. Year. 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Quantity Value* (long tons). (£1 5'.)() 78.645 4()t5 59,771 ]-2] 20.014 189 38,673 4:35 100,'24] 371 79,02'2 FJ.iports of Ahiiinnitiiii from Switzcrldud. Quantity Value ♦ Year. (lonf;- tons). (£). 1913 7,:iri7 538,270 1914 7,3.j] 595,139 1915 .. 9,-2»W 1,490,033 1916 .. 11,192 1,978,400 1917 .. 10,952 2,259,357 1918 .. 11,187 2,534,613 1919 .. 6,000 1,:320,000 United States.! The chief occurrences of bauxite in the United States are those of Arkansas, Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee, about 80 per cent, of the output being obtained from Arkansas. The ores are comparatively lo^\' in iron, and contain a high percentage of alumina. The chief areas worked in the Arkansas field are situated in Pulaski and Sahne counties. In the former county the deposits occur immediately to the south of Ijittle Eock, and in the latter they are found in the neighbourhood ol Bryant, about twenty miles to the south of Little Rock. The Georgia deposits are found in the northern, central, and southern portions of the State. The northern deposits are usually high in alumina and low in silica, but in some parts the percentage of iron is high. The central Georgia deposits are found at a point about 15 to 20 miles east of the " Fall Line," which separates the Piedmont plateau in Georgia from the coastal plain area, and occur associated with sands and clays and a little limestone. The deposits are almost always low in iron, but contain from 50 to 60 per cent, of alumina and from 3 to 20 per cent, of silica. * Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 25 francs = £1. f Mineral Resources of the United States (Annual). Annual Report on the foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States. 24 Cryolite is imported into the United States free of duty. The statistics with reference to cryolite and bauxite, from 1913 to 1919, as compiled from the records of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, are shown in the following tables : — Cryolite Imported and Entered for Co')isumption in the United States. Year. 1918 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Quantity Value* (long tons). {£) 2,559 10,949 4,612 19,672 3,940 17,240 3,857 34,421 4,383 45,521 1,950 20,312 2,130 22,283 Production of Bauxite in the United States. Quantity Value* Year. (long tons). {£) 1913 ... 210,241 207,854 1914 ... 219,318 222,749 1915 ... 297,041 315,590 1916 ... 425,100 478,417 1917 ... 568,690 649,804 1918 ... 605,721 718,332 1919 ... 376,566 458,697 Imports of Bauxite into the United States. Quantity Value* Year. (long tons) . i£) 1913 ... 21,456 17,864 1914 ... 24,844 20,104 1915 ... ... 3,420 3,564 1916 ... 30 18 1917 ... ... 7,691 6,039 1918 ... ... 3,653 3,081 1919 ... ... 6,082 7,671 * Yalues converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar =: 4s. 2d. 25 Exports of " Bauxite "+ from the United States (Domestic Produce). Qiia.ntity Value* Year. (long tons). (£) 1914 .. 5,374t 50,017 1915 .. 16,082 149,414 1916 .. 18,032 205,720 1917 21,791 275,818 1918 .. 19,711 317,435 1919 .. 17,701 285,853 Consumption of Bauxite in the United States. Quantity Value* Year. (long tons). (£) 1913 ... 231,697 225,717 1914 ... 238,788 192,835 1915 ... 284,379 169,741 1916 ... 407,098 272,715 1917 ... 554,590 380,025 1918 ... 589,663 403,978 1919 ... 364,947 180,515 due of Aluminium produced iu the United States. Virgin metal Eemelted scrap Year. (£).* (£).* 1913 ... 1,968,750 458,225 1914 ... 2,100,000 348,571 1915 ... 3,391,667 1,208,771 1916 ... 7,062,500 4,881,292 1917 ... 9,558,750 3,481,625 1918 ... 8,574,792 2,107,000 1919 ... 8,032,917 Alunvininm Imported for Consumption in the United States. Ingot and semi-wrought.^ Manufactures.]! Value* (f). Quantity (long tons). Value* (£). 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 11,203 8,010 4,149 2,990 40 755 6,184 914,226 698,736 367,910 365,191 7,372 111,188 943,871 82,504 150,135 15,794 6,865 4,480 4,350 7,920 • Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar = 4s. 2d. t Mostly refined alumina. J From 1st July, 1914. § Value based on average open market price, as quoted by the Engineering and Mining Journal. II Includes ingot, plates, sheets and wire. •y Includes aluminium leaf, kitchen utensils, and all other manufactures of alumininm. 26 Aluminium and Manufactures of Aluminium, expotted from the United States {Domestic Produce). Ingot and semi-wrought.f Year. Quantity (long tons). Value* (£). Manufactures (£).* 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 not sltated. 4,472 10,775 2,241 952,332 1,807,691 363,520 201,270 322,190 767,108 8,211,903 2,086,515 393,765 446,965 Valve* of Exports of Aluminium from the United States {Domestic Produce). (Fiscal years ending June 30.) To 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. United Kingdom British South Africa... Canada India Oceania Foreign Countries £ 35,809 271 114,209 14,266 5,010 60,001 £ 315,809 160 124,085 18,645 . 7,363 210,146 £ 139,274 166 187,869 11,015 12,818 824,744 £ 1,273,006 2,701 198,660 18,028 18,118 2,718,650 £ 423,477 1,994 181,451 4,397 32,774 1,689,223 Total 229,566 676,208 1,175,886 4,229,163 2,333,316 Dutch Guiana. Deposits of bauxite have been found in the eastern part of Dutch Guiana on the Surinam Eiver, and have been opened out on Para Creek, Eena Eeu Creek and Marechals Branch, all tributary to the Surinam Eiver, and also on the Cotica Eiver. The area covered by these deposits is 62 miles long and 62 miles wide. Hibherto, however, there appears to have been little or no pro- duction. The output for 1919 is reported to have been 1,500 lb. valued at $6. * Values converted to £ sterling at the rate of 1 dollar =: 4s. 2d. t Includes ingots, metal and alloys, plates and sheets. Ul REFERENCES TO TECHNICAL LITERATURE. OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION, AND MINING. Bauxite; a source of aluminium; Engineering, 1915, 100, 625-626. Aluminium (bauxite) deposits and the production of aluminium; Engi- neering, 1918, 106, 163-165, 191-193, 218-220. The Mineral Industry (Annual). Laterite: its origin, structure and minerals, by J. M. Campbell; Mining Mag., 1917, 17, 67-77, 120-129, 171-179, 220-229. The occurrence of aluminium hydrates in clays, bv M. G. Edwards K>iin. Geol., 1914, 9, 112-121. Classification of laterites, bv L. L. termor; Geol. Mag.. 1915, 11, 28-37, 77-82, 123-129. La bauxite dans le monde, by F. Laur; Metaux et Alliages, 1913, No. 12. 1914, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Lateritic ore deposits, by W. G. Miller; Ann. Rept. Ont. Bur. Mines. 1917, 26, 318-334. Aluminium ore (bauxite), by R. Sylvany, Translated bv E. Jullien ; .Metal Ind., 1916, 8, 403-407. British Empire. Alum .shales, by A. Strahan and others; Mem. Geol. Surv. Gt. Britain. Special Repts. on Min. Res., 1917, 5, 25-26. Bauxitic fireclay in Scotland; Geol. Surv. Gt. Britain, Summ. Progress, 1918, pp. 22-24. Bauxite of West Africa, especially of Mt. Ejuanema, by A. K. Kitsou; Repts. Gold Coast Geol. Surv., 1917 and 1919. Reports on the Lands and Mines Department, British Guiana (Annual). Bauxite in British Guiana; Colonial Journal, 1918, 11, No. 3, 192-194. Reports on the mineral production of Canada (Annual). Bauxite and the possibility of its occurrence in British Columbia, by W. F. Ferrier; Final Rept. Munitions Res. Clomm. Canada, Toronto, 1920, pp. 15-39. Bauxite in Central India and Central Provinces; Rec. Geol. Surv. India, 1915, 45, Part 2, 111-112. On the origin of the laterite of Seoni, Central Provinces, by R. C. Burton; Rec. Geol. Surv. India, 1917, 48, Part 4, 204-218. The mineral resources of the Central Provinces, by L. L. Fermor; Rec, Geol. Surv. India, 1919, 50, Part 4, 273-275. Quinquennial review of the mineral production of India, by T. H. Holland and L. L. Fermor, revised for 1909-1913 by H. H. Hayden and L. L. Fermor; Rec. Geol. Surv. India, 1915, 46, 226-231. Aluminium production in Madras; Rept. of the Indian Industrial Com- mission, 1916-1918, Cmd. 51, pp. 69-70 and 406-408. Investigations of bauxite in Mysore State; Rec. Dept. Mines and Geol. Mvsore State, 1916, 15, Part 1, 38-40, 1917, 16, Part 1, 42-44, 1918, 17, Part 1, 19. Queensland mineral deposits. No. 5, Aluminium, alumina, and alum, by B. Dunstan; Queens. Govt. Min. Journ., 1916, 17, 475-478. The bauxites of the Darhng Range, south-west division, by E. de C. Clarke; Ann. Progress Rept., Geol. Surv. W. Australia for 1918, pp. 19-22. 28 Foreign Couatries. Bauxit in den Kiistenlandern der osterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie; Stahl u. Bisen, 1918, 38, 1166-1167. t/ber Bauxitvorkommen im Bihargebirge, von F. Beyschlag; Zeits. Deuts. Geol. Gesellsch., 1918. Abstr. Metall u. Erz, 1919, 16, 77. Die Aluminiumerze des Bihargebirges und ihre Entstehung, von 0. Pauls ; Zeits. f. prakt. Geol., 1913, 21, 521-572. Les gisements de bauxite des monts du Bihor, par V. Puscarin et C. L. Mot&s; Ann. des Mines de Roumanie, 1920, 3, No. 2, 115-122. Chemical constitution of bauxite from Bihar, Hungary, by B. von Horvath; Foldtani Kozlony, 1911, 41, 254. Short Abstr. Trans. Ceramic See., 1918-1919, 18, 25A. Bauxite deposits in territory behind the Riviera. Rept. by Secretary of British Chamber of Commerce for the French Riviera. Abstr. Journ. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1917, 9, 620. L'Industrie de la bauxite dans le departement du Var, by A. de Keppen: Chaix, Paris, 1917, 22 pp. Das Metallhuttenwesen im Jahre 1916, Aluminium, von B. Neumann; Gliickauf, 1918, 54, 99-101. Cryolite mine at Ivigtut, Greenland, by C. P. Bernard; Mining Mag., 1916, 14, 202-203. Gronland: Technisch wichtige Vorkommen, von O. B. Boggild; Handb. d. Reg. Geol., 1917, 4, Part 21, 2a, 32-34. Cryolite, 32-33. Rivista del Servizio Minerario (Annual). Sobre nuevos yacimientos de bauxita en Espana, por J. Calafat y Leon; Bol. de la R. Sooiedad espanola de Hist. Natural, 1917, 17, 415-418. Las bauxitas de Cataluna, por J. E. N. Gatataynd; Real Acad, de Ciencias exactas Revista, 1919, 17, ser. 2, 422-470. Geologia y formacion de los criaderos Catalanes de bauxita, por P. Hernandez Sampelayo; Revista Minera, 1920, Ano 71, 193-198, 209-211. Naturalesa, origen, i edat de formatio de las bauxitas de la Lacuna, pot M. San Miguel y M. Paura y Sans; Bull, de la Inst. Catalana de Hist. Natural, 1918, pp. 49-55. The mineral resources of the United States (Annual). Our mineral supplies: bauxite and aluminium, by J. M. Hill; U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 666, 1919, pp. 85-88. Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas, by W. J. Mead; Econ. G«ol., 1915, 10, 28-54. A report on the bauxite and fuller's earth of the coastal plain of Georgia, by H. K. Shearer; Geol. Surv. Georgia, Bull. No. 31, 1917, 340 pp. Occurrence of bauxite in central Georgia, by J. H. Watkins; Min. Eng. World, 1915, 42, 1073-1075. Bauxite near Elizabethtown, Tenn., by J. H. Watkins; Eng. Min. Journ., 1913, 95, 604. Aluminium hydrates in the Arkansas bauxite deposits, by D. C. Wysor; Econ. Geol., 1916, 11, 42-50. METALLURGY AND METALLOGRAPHY. 1913. Manufacture of aluminium in Prance; La Rev. Electr., 1913, Sept 5- Abstr. Eng. Min. Journ., 1913, 96, 1010. ' ' Explosion of aluminium when granulating, by M. and V. Bamberger and H. Jueptner; Zeits. f. anorg. Chemie, 1913, 26, 353-356. 29 Die Ek'ktroinetallurgie dcs Aluminiums. 1, Das ternaro System Toiieide- Fhiorit-Kiyolith, by P. Pascal; Zeits. f. Elektrochemie. 1913. Bd. 19. 610-613. See also 1914. Symposium of papers on the artificial production of alumina, by J. W. Richiirds, S. A, Tucker, A. H. Cowles and L. E. Saunders; Joint meeting of Amer. Chem. Soc., Amer. Electrochem. Soc, and Soc. Chem. Ind., Abstr. Met. Chem. Eng., 1913, 11, 137-143. Aluminium nitride as manufactured hy the Serpek process, hy J. W. Richards; Trans. Amer. Electrochem. Soc., 1913, 23, 351-359. The Serpek process for nitrogen fixation, by S. A. Tucker; Journ. Soc. Chem. Ind., 1913, 32, 1143-1144. 1914. Aluminium by electro-metallurgic methods, by J. Blanquier; Min. Eng World, 1914, 41, 909-911. Colouring of aluminium, by A. Lung; The Foundry, 1914, 43i 361. The Southern Aluminium Co., by D. M. Liddell; Eng. Min. Journ., 1914 97, 1179-1183. Sur I'electrometallurgie de ralumiaium, par P. Pascal et iNl. Jouniaux; Rev. de Met., 1914, 11, No. 10, 1069-1093. 1915. Melting aluminium chips, by H. W. Gillett; Trans. Amer. Inst. Metals, 1916, 9, 205-210. See also 1916. Southern Aluminium plant of North Carolina, by C. Hater; Min. Eng. World, 1915, Jan. 16, 131-135. 1916. Melting aluminium chips, by H. W. Gillett and G. M. James; U.S. Bur. Mines, Bull. 108, Mineral Techn. 14, 1916, 83 pp. The electric furnace in metallurgical work, by D. A. Lyon, R. M. Keeney, and J. r. Cullen; U.S. Bur. Mines, Bull. 77, 1916, 189 pp. and bibliography. Electro-metallurgy of aluminium, by ¥. Peters; Gluckauf, 1916, 52, 65-70, 81-85, 111-115, 129-132. 1917. Production of aluminium castings, by J. Gaunt; Paper before the British Fouudrymens Association. Metal Ind., 1917, 10, 499-501. Preparation of bauxite, by N. Lecesne; La Ceramique. Iron Age, 1917, 100, 82. Short Abstr. Journ. Iron and Steel Inst., 1917, 96, 355-356. Aluminium rolling mill practice, by G. Lyon; Metal Ind., 1917, 10, 159-160, 377-379. Hydro-electric power and electro-chemistry and electro-metallurgy in France, by C. O. Mailloux; Met. Chem. Eng., 1917, 16, 265-273, 321-325. Recovery of metals from aluminium swarf and chips, by W. J. May; Metal Ind., 1917, 10, 10-11. Aluminium production by electrolysis, by R. Seligman; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1917, 17, 141-147. 30 1918. Testing of cold-rolled aluminium sheets, by R. J. Anderson; Iron Age, 1918, 102, 148-149. Practice of melting and casting aluminium, by R. J. Anderson; Metal Ind. 1918, 12, 379-380. Metallography of aluminium : re-crystallization and grain growth (Paper read before the Faraday Society, July 23, 1918), by R. J. Anderson; Metal Ind., 1918, 13, 82-83. Note on the annealing of aluminium, by R. J. Anderson; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1918, 19, 221-223. Annealing cold-rolled aluminium sheet by abbreviated exposures at various temperatures, by R. J. Anderson; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1918, 20, 203-214. Aluminium founding and the machinery industry, by R. de Fleury ; Metal Ind., 1918, 13, 129-131, 148-149. Procedimientos actuales de fabricacion de aluminio, por J. Escard; Bol., de la Soc. Nac. de Mineria, Santiago de Chile, 1918, 30, 47-65. The inflammability of aluminium dust, by A. Leighton; U.S. Bur. Mines, Techn. Paper 152, 1918, 13 pp. Solders for aluminium, by P. D. Merica and L. F. Gurwich; Metal Ind., 1918, 16, 500-503. Utilization of kaolin rich in iron (for manufacture of alum or aluminium sulphate), by J. Milbauer and F. Skutil; Chem.-Zeit., 1918, 42, 525-527. Remelting of aluminium pig in the electric furnace, by D. D. Miller; Chem. Met. Eng., 1918, 19, 251-254. Aluminium manufacturing processes used in Europe, by O. Nissen ; Trans- lated in Chem. Met. Eng., 1918, 19, 804-815. Preparations of alumina in the aluminium industry with special reference to rotary kilns, by W. von Escher; Chem.-Zeit., 1918, 42, 353-355. Also Metal Ind., 1918, 13, 253-256. 1919. Solders for aluminium; U.S. Bur. Stands., Circ. No. 78, 1919, 9 pp. Metallography of aluminium, by R. J. Anderson; Journ. Franklin Inst., 1919, 187, 1-47, with bibliography. La preparation de Talumine a partir de I'argile, par V. Gerber; Zeits. f. Electrochemie, 1919, 25, Rev. de Met., 1920, No. 8, pp. 516-535. Micrography of aluminium and its alloys, by D. Hanson and S. L. Archbutt; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1919, 21, 29'l-304. New sources of aluminium in Norway, by L. Hawkes; Nature, 1919, 104, 160-161. Constitution and metallography of aluminium and its light alloys with copper and with magnesium, by P. D. Merica and others; Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., Bull. No. 151, 1919, 1031-1049. The metallography of aluminium and its light alloys with copper and with magnesium, by P. D. Merica and others; U.S. Bur. Stands., Sci. Paper No. 337, 1919. The -metallurgy of aluminium and magnesium, by H. B. Pulsifer; Salt Lake Min. Rev., 1919, 21, No. 2, 21-25. 1920. Die deutsche Aluminiuinherstellung ; Prankf . Zeit. ; Metall u. Erz, 1920, 17, 102-104. Aliiiniiiiiim rolling mill priuticc, hy U. J. Anderson and M. B. Anderson; (.'hem. .Met. Kng., 1920, 22, 489-491, 545-550, 599-604, 647-650. 697-702. L indiistrir di' I'liluminium en Allemagne pendant et aprc.s la guerre, par M. L. IVscKiix; lU'v. de Met., 1920, No. 4, pp. 275-285. Dii' Klektrometallurgie der Leichtmetalle in den letzten .) ihren. von l>\ Peters; CJIiickauf, 1920, Xr. 22, 437-439, Nr. 23, 457-460 Nr 25 492-499. A ilisastrous explosion of aluminium dust, by D. J. Price; Chcm Met Eng., 1920, 23, 915-919. The action on aluminium of hard industrial waters, by U. Seligman ami P. Williams; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1920, 23, 159-183', with referenie-i relating to cci losion of aluminium. ALLOYS. 1913. Changes in the physical properties of aluminium and its alloys, with special reference to duralumin, by L. 1S\ . Cohn; Elektrotechnik u. Maschinenbau, 1913, 31, 430-433. Alloys of aluminium and vanadium, by N. Czako; Comptes lUiidu-, 1913, 166, 140-142. Cu-Al alloys with 84 to 90 per cent, of C'li, by H. Hanemann and P. I). Meiica; Int. Zeit. Metallographie, 1913, 4, 209-227. 1914. Improvement of aluminium; Elektrochem. Zeit., 1914, 20, 264 and 295. Short abstr. Journ. Inst. Metals, 1914, 11, 299. Three-metal bronzes, by A. M. Blow; Met. Chem. Eng., 1914, 12, 461-467. Electroplating aluminium with nickel, by J. Caiiac and E. Tassillv; Comptes Rendus, 1914, 158, 119-121. AUovs of copper, nickel and aluminium, bv L. Guillet; C'omjjtes Rendus, 1914, 158, 704-706. Aluminium-gold alloys^ by C. T. Heycock and F. H. Neville; Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc, 1914, 214 (A), 267 et seq. Aluminium-cobalt alloys, .by A. Xeiiburger; Electrocheni. Zeit., 1914, 20, 295. The influence of nickel on some copper-aluminium alloys, bv A. -\. Read and R. H. Greaves; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1914, 11, 169-207. The alloys of aluminium and silicon, by V. E. Roberts; Trans. Chem. Soc, 1914, 105, 1383-1386. Nickel-plated aluminium, by E. Tassilly; Rev. de :\Iet., 1914, 11, 670-673. Aluminium in rail steel, by M. H. Wickhorst; Iron Age, 1914, 93, 1073. 1915. Some experiments upon copper-aluminium alloys, by J. H. Andrew; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1915, 13, 249-260. Aluminium-zinc allovs, by O. Bauer and 0. Vogel ; Mitt. K. Materialpruf., 1915, 33, Nos. 3 and 4, 146-198. The manufacture and use of alumino-vanadium, by W. W. Clark; Trans. Amer. Inst. Metals, 1915, 9, 159-166. Aluminium-bronze allovs, by W. M. Corse; Trans. Amer. Inst. Metals, 1915, 9, 194-202. •62 Titanium-aluminium-bronze, by W. M. Corse and C. Viokers; Metal Ind., 1915, 7, 261-262. Reclamation of magnalium from turnings, by J. Coulson; Trans. Amer. Inst. Metals, 1915, 9, 336-342. Copper-aluminium alloys, by C. A. Edwards; Metal Ind., 1915, 7, 271-273, 1916, 9, 47-49. The properties of nickel-aluminium and copper-nickel-aluminium alloys, by A. A. Read and R. H. Greaves; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1915, 13, 100-150. Binary aluminium alloys, by H. Schirmeister ; Stahl u. Eisen, 1915, 35, 649-652, 873-677, 996-1000. How Ti-Al bronze is produced, by C. Vickers; The Foundry, 1915, 43, 273-278. 1916. Aluminium-bronze; Metal Ind., 1916, 9, 102-103. Manufacture of bronze powders; uses for industrial purposes; Metal Ind., 1916, 9, 165-167, 202-203, 225-227, 309-310, 365-366, 393-394, 449-450, 505-507. Some copper-aluminium-iron alloys, by W. M. Corse and G. F. Comstock. Paper before Amer. Inst. Metals. Metal Ind., 1916, 9, 693-698, 716-717. Aluminium bronze : some recent tests and their significance, by W. M. Corse and G. F. Comstock; Amer. Soc. Testing Materials, 1916, Proc. ii, pp. 117-160. Thermal treatment of aluminium bronze with 10 per cent, aluminium, by A. Portevin and G. Arnou; Rev. de Met., 1916, 13, 101-115. Some tiii-aluminium-copper alloys, by A. A. Read and R. H. Greaves; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1916, 15, 264-276. Alloys of aluminium and zinc (abstract of Report to Alloy Research Committee), by W. Rosenhain and S. L. Archbutt; Metal Ind., 1916, 9, 210-212, 240-242, 255-257, 321-323, 349-352, 431-432, 482-484, 510-511. Aluminium and carbon, by 0. Ruff and E. Jelliuck; Zeits. f. anorg. Chemie, 1916, 97, 312-336. Analysis of aluminium and its alloys, by W. H. Withey; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1916, 15, 207-229. 1917. Nickel-copper-aluminium alloys; Royal Ontario Nickel Commission Report,- 1917, pp. 347-349. Binary alloys with aluminium; Metal Ind., 1917, 11, 201-203. Aluminium-zinc alloys, by 0. Bauer and O. Vogel; Metall u. Erz, 1917, 14, 21, 37. Aluminium-copper : its properties and minute structural features, by J. Scott; Metal Ind., 1917, 10, 259-271. Alumina inclusions in steel, by A. Stadeler; Stahl u. Eisen, 1917 37 40-41. Rev. de Met., 1918, 15, 292-294. ' ' Influence of iron, tungsten, and nickel upon the resistance of aluminium to acids, by Von Zeerleder; Metall u. Erz, 1917, 14, 325-330. Magnetic properties of iron-aluminium alloys, by T. D. Yensen and W. A. Gatward; Univ. Illinois, Bull. No. 95, 1917. 33 1918. The analysis of aluininium alloys, by B. Oollitt and W. K«gau; Journ. Soc. Chem. Ind., 1918, 37, 91T-95T. L'aluminium dans I'acier, par M. Desmarete; Rev. de M6t., 1918, IS, 292-294. Alloys of aluminium with rare or special alloys, by J. Escard; M«tal Ind., 1918, 13, 273-274, 316-318, 333-335. Aluminium bronzes : properties, manufacture and industrial utilization, by J. Escard; Metal Ind., 1918, 13, 5-6, 19-20, 52-54. Analysis of aluminium alloys and metallic aluminium, by J. J. Fox, E. W. Skelton and F. R. Ennos; Journ. Soc. Chem. Ind.. 1918, 37, 328T-333T. The constitution of the copper rich aluminium-copper alloys. Part I, Relationship of hardness to constitution, by J. N. Greenwood; Journ. Inst. Metals, 1918, 19, 55-100. Aluminium and its light alloys, by P. D. Merica; Met. Chem. 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Suisse dee Electr., 1916, 7, No. 5, 121-134. IIIIUVIII IM APHUT IINDf t OAnAMOUNtJ|~ PAMWWy tlNW SMdilM. Mil. DATE DUE "^ ' t M. ^ . *--L^ *71i MN^Hj S D S ( t 7t