■ <^ ^0 n^i Cornell University Library S 20.R97 Student agricultural clubs, a survey of 3 1924 001 100 985 Student Agricultural Clubs A Survey of the Organization and Activities of the Agricultural Clubs in the State Colleges and Universities of the United States RUTGERS COLLEGE APPLE JUDGING TEAM Champions, Eastern Intercollegiate Fruit Judging. League, 1921 BY RUTGERS AGRICULTURAL CLUB State University of New Jersey NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. June 1, 1921 S££ d 6^0? *Dqh ^— ^° <3 // Student Agricultural Clubs Published for distribution among students and members of the faculty of State Colleges and Universities. CONTENTS Foreword page Purpose of Survey 3 Ways and Means 3 What the Clubs Are Doing A Live-Wire Club 4 What High Schools Can Do for a Club 5 Wisconsin Has a "Mixer,'' Plinois -a "Roundup" .... 5 Missouri Can Well Say "Show Me" 6 Successful Programs and Functions 7 Judging Honors 8 Getting Into Print 8 How They Are Doing It Organization ■ 8 "All Ag" Clubs vs. Departmental Clubs 9 Finances 11 Conclusion 12 Acknowledgement 14 Tabulation of Data 15 AUTHORS Franklin R. Dulany '20, and Charles A. Doehlert '21 Charles A. Doehlert '21 Editor Julius F. Muller '22 Business Manager William R. Angus, Jr., '22 Secretary Address all communications to William R. Angus, Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. Foreword Purpose of Survey DURING the month of January, 1920, the Rutgers Agricultural Club was revived after a year and a half's suspension due to war conditions. It was desired not only to bring back to our . campus the club as it had previously existed but to make it a better club and thus shorten its period of reconstruction. Quite naturally the activities of similar clubs at other universities were observed as an aid to forming a successful year's program. Many clubs were still in the state of dissolution, some feebly struggling for existence, and others in a healthy condition. It was evident that numerous clubs were, and would continue to be, in a state of flux searching for a constructive policy and the means of putting it into operation. To gather helpful information, then, is the purpose of this survey. Ways and Means TO GATHER the data, the president of the club during the year 1919-20, F. R. Dulany, formulated a questionnaire and sent it to the clubs in the State colleges and universities. By June, two-thirds of them had been returned and Commencement days found the work uncompleted. The accumulated data were turned over to the club January, 1921, and entrusted to the present Publications Committee, for study and publication. More question- naires were sent out and the number of those answered increased from thirty-three to fifty-four. Improvement of the questionnaire was not attempted because of the amount of previous data. It was endeavored by special correspondence to obtain more detailed in- formation on points of especial importance that were brought to light by the returning questionnaires. Opinions and policies were asked for, but were not so easy to get. So while there is a certain amount of valuable correspondence to report upon, the plan of pre- senting an exchange of suggestions for club improvements had to be abandoned. The business management suffered setbacks. The death of Air. Garrett S. Voorhees '22, a faithful and inspired worker, was an irre- parable loss to the club and made an entirely new beginning necessary. What the Clubs Are Doing IT IS evident that clubs are successful because of what they do. All clubs include talks by men prominent in agriculture as an important part of the regular program, but only six mention this as one of the factors which contribute most to the success of the club. Speakers may really be the mainstay of a club, but there is generally some student activity which is recognized as very im- portant in maintaining loyalty and interest. This one particular function of the club which seems to be most essential to its success varies with almost every case. It seems to be not so much the par- ticular activity, but to be that activity which is done well enough to augment the pride of the club. The list found in the last column of the tabulation of data brings out this point of variety. Some definite examples of these special functions of a club are given in the following discussion. A Live-Wire Club WHEN we talk of active "ag" clubs in the East, "The Agricul- tural Club, Inc.," of the Connecticut Agricultural College at Storrs, Conn., furnishes an excellent example. From the tables it is found that over two-thirds of the students are paid mem- bers of the club, — a good percentage for a voluntary organization. The regular program consists of lectures, frequently illustrated by slides or movies. But there is an annual event that does much credit to so small a club, a Winter Fair which has been held for the past five years. There are agronomy and livestock exhibits, awarding of ribbons and prizes, student- judging contests for medals awarded by the club, and an evening entertainment of movies, vaude- ville, side shows, dancing and refreshments. The Winter Fair is the big event of the year. It means that over one-half the club members are at work for the club. Held indoors, it has thus far been a one-day affair, but promises to take up two days next year. Faculty, townspeople, and students attend in num- bers large enough to make it a distinct financial success. Note : This club was incorporated in 1916 at a cost of ten dol- lars, chiefly for the purpose of getting state support in the awarding of premiums. This advantage has been taken away by a local town fair. 4 What High Schools Can Do for a Club HERE is a club that stands alone. Oh, it's a good club, one of the bunch, but it is alone because we have not caught up to it yet. The Utah "Aggies" are doing something that no other club can boast of. At least nobody else has told us about it if there is one. Here is the thing in a nutshell, — Utah Ag Club publishes a high school paper. For the past five years this monthly has been keeping the high schools in touch with the college and with each other. Needless to say, the Ag Club knows what is going on in these schools. That makes the paper. The work was started by the Extension Division and was once financed by it and the Department of Agriculture. But those days are past. The Extension Division has dropped the work, and the club, with the aid of the college, is continuing it. So far the paper has been distributed free, but a small subscription rate will be charged to uphold the financial end of it next year be- cause of the withdrawal of outside support. Utah hasn't a great big club. There are at present 125 members. An editor is elected each year, he chooses four associates and the result is eight hundred copies of their paper per month. From ten to twenty copies are sent to each of the sixty high schools in the state. This has been an aid to organizing and keeping alive ag clubs in the high schools. It is also a bridge that carries college and schools through the year from one "Club Week'' to another. Just before Club Week the Extension Division brings representatives from the various high schools to the State College, some from a distance of three hundred miles. It does this at its own expense for the purpose of making them into club leaders. These boys and girls are chap- eroned by the Faculty and remain on the campus for about a week. They attend class lectures and laboratories in their study of club activities. The Ag Club is active in entertaining the young folks and, in conjunction with the Home Economics Club, gives a dance in their honor. The "Ag Club Link," the subject of our inspiration, is, of course, the organ which reports on this eventful week and during the following weeks keeps alive the fires which it started. What can high schools do for an ag club? They can give it another reason for being, and the breath of an active life. Wisconsin Has a " Mixer," Illinois a " Roundup " A GOOD name for a good idea comes from Wisconsin. It seems to be of many virtues, such as giving folks a good time, boosting college spirit, bringing get-acquaintability out, and even raising money. The Agricultural Club Federation of Wiscon- 5 sin says a "mixer" is "apparently a Wisconsin institution. It is on the order of a dance. The price of admission is usually very low, i.e., from twenty to thirty-five cents. Men are not expected to take women to the 'mixer,' but the women are supposed to go unat- tended and buy their own tickets. As the name implies, the prime object is to mix and get acquainted with each other. Formal intro- ductions are not necessary. Anyone may approach anyone else and introduce himself or herself. Oftentimes other features of en- tertainment than dancing are introduced." A "roundup'' is an Illinois stunt which is like a big spring picnic or field day. Special features are cocoanut races, wheelbarrow polo, wrestling and steer-roping. Then with a crowd of a thousand or so, music, refreshments and speeches finish out a lively spring get- together. The Roundup is open to students, faculty and townspeo- ple and so arranged that it pays expenses. Missouri Can Well Say "Show Me" THERE are so many things to say about Missouri's Memorial Fair that a poor mortal can't help but feel explosive. This an- nual Farmers' Fair is GREAT, because: The 1920 Fair was the sixteenth annual. Two high schools, two colleges, and the State University of Missouri suspended their regular work so that the students might not miss the Fair. The Retail Merchants' Association of the city of Columbia, Mo., had its stores closed so that employees and bank clerks might not miss the Fair. Nine thousand people paid admission to the Fair Grounds during one afternoon and evening. The total receipts were $4,284.30. A profit of over $1,000 was made and turned over to the Student Memorial Union Building. Over 1,200 pounds of meat were sold at the Barbecue stand. Forty-six committees composed of 182 committee members were required to put on the Fair. Thirty-three prizes worth over $125 were given for ideas for the Fair and for the performance of those who produced it. Forty-four live side shows were staged. A two-reel film of last year's fair did a year's advertising for the "stunt" all over the state. A continuous minstrel, "The Girls," and "Ziegfeld Follies" were first-class shows. The Fair is a student "stunt" managed by a student, planned by students, and executed by the combined agricultural clubs. 6 These facts spell cooperation and spirit. There are other big things that the Missouri Ag Club has done. In 1903, it organized the Missouri Corn Growers' Association which now has a member- ship of two thousand crop improvers. It has organized a Student Guide system which makes the hospitality of the University Farm and College of Agriculture a real and living thing to hundreds of visitors each year. It made the first donation to the Missouri Mem- orial Union Building with the sum of $1,660, the profits from the Farmer's Fairs of 1919 and 1920. We may quote a Missourian and give our hearty endorsement to his sentiment when he says : "It's a workin' club, and we're proud of it." Successful Programs and Functions THE variety of programs reported should be an inspiration to every club. No matter how good the club, it must surely find here some new possibility for a bigger club life. The separa- tion into two groups is admitted to be of questionable accuracy in several cases. Utility Discussion of agricultural, prob- lems and current events Student paper or talk Debate Faculty speaker Outside speaker Alumnus speaker Motion picture Interclass judging Intercollegiate judging Mock sale (Wash.) Agriculture Day (Ark., Pa., Ariz.) Agricultural Fair (Conn., Mich., Ore., Wash.) Boys' and girls' club week (Utah) Agricultural Show (111., Mass., Wash., Mont., N. C.) Open House (111.)* Carnival (Iowa) Exchange program (Ind., Ill, Mich., N. Y.) Livestock fitting contest (Mont., Pa.) Educational trip (Pa. Country Life) Annual report (Del.) Bulletin (N. J.) Social Banquet "Feed" Peanut banquet (111.) Smoker Alumnus guest Motion picture Hick Ball (R. I.) Joint Home Economics meeting Dance Mixer (see p. 5) Picnic Faculty party Barnwarming (Mo., N. J.) Overall and apron dance (Utah) Xmas tree farcical party (Pa. landscape Field Day (Minn.) Round-up (111.) (see page 5) Athletics Comics and other entertainment Exchange program (Ind., 111., Mich., N. Y.) "Get-acquainted" opening meet- ing (Ala.) Reception to freshmen, short course, etc. Dramatics (N. Dak.) Farmer's Yell (Mo.) *An "Open House" is a public exhibition and demonstration of the work of the college and experiment station. 7 Judging Honors FOSTERING competition in judging is one of the biggest ac- tivities of some clubs. The value of judging livestock and farm products is one of such practical importance as to furnish an ex- ceptional opportunity for a club to do a piece of work of real educa- tional value. By awarding medals, fifteen of the reporting clubs are encouraging such contests. In this way they help the individual on the team, every man who tries to make the team, the college which the team represents, and the agricultural profession when those men go out into the practical world. The clubs which award medals for such activities are shown in the tables. The Kansas Agronomy Club awards medals and pays the traveling expenses of the team. New Hampshire, Maine and Rhode Island finance the teams without giving medals. At Massachusetts every student is taxed fifty cents for the support of the teams. Getting Into Print ANOTHER of the many ways in which a club may grow is to develop club journalism. Publishing a periodical is a means of advertising the club, building its reputation, rewarding its members with an opportunity for valuable experience, and keeping them more closely in touch with their professional world. Such a publication also advertises the institution. Ohio and West Virginia clubs put out the college paper. Tennessee, Utah, Delaware, Georgia, Maine, Michigan and Oregon publish papers independent of the col- lege paper. Arizona and Colorado Livestock Clubs edit one issue of the college paper each year. How They Are Doing It Organization TO accomplish work of large caliber the members of any club must cooperate. Their spirit must be democratic so that each member will be encouraged to work for the club. But more than that, there should be cooperation with persons outside the club, such as the faculty, other ag clubs, local town organizations and business men. It is common for the faculty to be honorary mem- bers, and to give talks and advice. But if clubs have the spirit to do big things, questions of how much faculty cooperation is wise, of how much a club should be regulated by faculty advice of the benefit of the election of officers in the spring, of the best methods of advertising, of restriction of membership, etc., will be solved quickly enough by experiment and experience. We may note in passing, that strict faculty supervision is reported from only one dub. Correspondence with this club does not indicate that com- pulsory attendance and reading of papers create a vigorous organi- zation with real club spirit. The Dairy Club of Pennsylvania re- ports that 75 per cent of the faculty attend meetings and take an active part, the Forestry Club of the same college claims all faculty men as active members, and the Klod and Kernel Klub of Kansas announces a similarly encouraging report. As a rule club membership is open to all students and faculty, generally on condition of payment of dues in the case of the student. There are but three exceptions. Colorado restricts freshmen to asso- ciate membership, the South Carolina club is for seniors only, and the Texas club for juniors and seniors only. Exceptions toward more liberal requirements are the Michigan club, which enlists aggressive farmers and the Washington club which reports university form foremen as members. Likewise the matter of frequency of meetings will naturally adapt itself to the degree of the club's activity. The data show that 16 clubs meet weekly; 26 twice a month; 11 monthly ; and 4 upon call at special occasions. In the matter of advertising, a suggestion may be taken from the Illinois club which has an official bill-board. This bill-board is set out before the meeting place at an appropriate time, bearing an announcement of the meeting, the hour and the program. A few clubs report that constitutions and formal organizations are not necessary. According to the great majority of the reports, how- ever, working clubs find a good constitution and complete organiza- tion an asset. There is one problem of organization, however, that is hardest of all to dismiss because of the far-reaching results of any decision taken. Such a decision, moreover, has been made in every college of fairly large size, let us say in every college of over three hundred for the sake of being specific, if not accurate. That problem is one of — " All Ag " Club9 vs. Departmental Clubs THE relative advantages of departmental clubs as compared with "all Ag" clubs, of course, is of vital interest only to our large agricultural colleges. It has seemed self-evident in sev- eral of these that club work must be carried on in small departmental clubs, and that this can be the only successful arrangement. The or- gument for this kind of an organization is that a small group of stu- dents specializing in the same work can arrange programs in which the members are unanimously interested. They can have technical discussions which students of another department would not appre- ciate. They can be successful as a social unit because there are no strangers and meetings can be held in the homey atmosphere of a fraternity house or a professor's own parlor. Does this system, however, give a fair chance to the freshman who should not yet be expected to know what his specialty it to be ? There are several colleges that have found a combination of de- partmental clubs and an all Ag club more satisfactory. They say that certain programs should be open to the whole college, such as talks on the nation's agricultural policy, marketing, agricultural eco- nomics, farm power, and all the rest of a farmer's liberal education. Furthermore, they contend that only a central all Ag organization should award medals to the intercollegiate judging teams who are working not for their department alone, but for the honor of the whole college. Such an organization, also, is the fairest awarder of honors in intramural contests. They find it almost necessary for undertaking an Agricultural Fair, a College Dance, a Field Meet and for maintaining a united college spirit. In this group we can mention : Pennsylvania Agricultural Society (8 departmental clubs) Kansas Agricultural Association Iowa Agricultural Club (11 department clubs) Minnesota Agricultural Boosters' Club The Cornell Agricultural Association with its monthly assemblies accomplishes a general program of lectures, discussion, music, and other social entertainment, thus supplementing the work of the various departmental clubs. But it extends the scope of its ac- tivities by awarding medals and shingles to athletic teams. Wiscon- sin's Agricultural College Federation goes still further. The A. C. F. Board is composed of representatives from each recognized student organization, agricultural or otherwise, from the faculty, and from the honorary scholarship fraternities. This board carries out the regular program of lectures, discussion, and entertain- ment, but is also a board of directors for all the undergraduate or- ganizations and the student body in general. It takes care of award- ing insignia and judging medals, general receptions, the All-uni- versity Exposition, mass meetings, the : :Agric-Home Ec'' picnic, and the "Little International." These systems provide for both centrali- zation and specialization. The very acme of the all Ag idea, however, is an infant prodigy native to Washington State. Since May, 1919, Washington has had 10 an All Ag Club which awarded medals, cups, and shields, financed the annual Livestock Show, Mock Sale, Banquet, All Ag Fair, and Dance. It also followed a monthly lecture program, supplementary to the work of the several department clubs. Washington Univer- sity has a total enrollment of 1700 men and women, 350 of whom are students in agriculture. In March, 1921, this All Ag Club was reorganized to the dissolution of all department clubs. T his hurried summary, then, shows systems of organization vary- ing all the way from a collection of independent and disunited de- partmental clubs to a complete amalgamation of several department clubs into one single club. Finances 1HE spending of money is an important function of any club. We find that clubs do not lack for variety of outlets for their treasuries. They may be listed as follows : Fees to college Smokers Fair funds and deficit 'Speakers Advertising Picnics Stationery Trips Subscriptions to college paper Christmas party to poor children Year book (Minnesota Ag Booster). Music Fair exhibit Dances Receptions to Freshmen Refreshments Judging teams' expenses Banquet Medals Granting that money can' be spent by clubs without difficulty, it would be appropriate to consider means of raising it. Dues are almost universal, varying from twenty-five, cents to three dollars a year. This dependence upon dues is unfortunate, for a club will undoubtedly be a thriftier creature if supported from the revenue of its activities. The field of club finance is one in which improve- ment is needed and probably relatively easy to accomplish. Colorado Livestock Club reports that by the sale of text books it has been able at times to eliminate dues altogether. The treasurer of Wiscon- sin Agricultural College Federation is expected so to arrange its functions that they support themselves and meet the running ex- penses of the club. Alabama reduces dues by earning commissions on subscriptions to farm papers. Connecticut and Missouri have Fair Profits at their disposal. Kansas Dairy Club and Illinois Agricultural Club report that their dances are more than self-sup- porting. Michigan's technical agricultural magazine returns revenue to the club. 11 Conclusion THERE are scores of programs open to an agricultural club and "here is a new job for every club in the country, as can be seen from the list of programs already given in the bulletin. No club can possibly lack the opportunity to stretch out and exercise. It can only be weak and failing because of the inertia of its members. Certain obstacles will be met in launching any program, among which are those of ( 1 ) environment ; (2 ) cross-purposes and mis- directed ambitions; and (3) faulty methods. The first may appear to be a heavy handicap, but in reality prove to be a stimulus. If the environment of a club tends to inhibit its growth, then the club has a relatively larger field of work. If a club lacks helpful advisors, if the college or the community seem to shrink from action or progressiveness, if there is faculty repres- sion, if there is no good meeting place, if other organizations monop- olize the campus thought, if other activities or college classes tend to have a monopoly of the students' time, if the popular pace is sluggish or if the money is lacking to satisfy the most immediate needs of the would-be club, here is an opportunity for the most vital program a club could desire, and an exceptional opportunity for it to grow, simply by the overriding and conquering of these petty circumstances. It is taken for granted, of course, that an agricultural student is supposed to live and grow in this environment and that he cannot move to a better. These obstacles may be hard to over- come because of lack of initiative on the part of the students. But until this is awakened there is no excuse for an ag club and there is no club problem to solve. The second class of obstacles is more important because of the difficulty of recognizing it. If a group of students are hampered in their activities and restrained by environmental factors they quickly know about it. But after action starts it is much more difficult for these men to know whether or not they are continuing in the right direction. The chief aim of a club is to make better farmers and agri- cultural business men. If at the same time most of the functions of the club consist of dances, parties, and picnics there will be little per- manent gain accomplished toward this chief aim. If again, the club members do little else than to constitute an audience for a series of speakers or entertainers they are liable to become stunted rather than to show intellectual growth. Lastly, if a year's program consists of a haphazard variety of entertainments, dances, feeds, smokers, alternating with a dozen talks on divers unrelated subjects, there will be little sense of progress and little inspiration to accomplish the more important things. These are instances of what we call 12 cross-purposes defeating the logical purposes of a club because no member knows what his club is trying to do or when he can say that the club has done it. A club may, however, have unity of purpose and be aiming in the wrong direction. It may dwell on one phase of agri- culture, such as production of large crops per acre or large returns per animal, under the impression that it is surveying the business of agriculture. Consistent one-sidedness will do as much for making failure-farmers as lack of study altogether. Likewise, the mere dis- cussion of farming methods is not the direction of fastest travel. The only true aim of an agricultural club is that of "Service." If the club succeeds in serving others it will best serve itself, i.e., each indi- vidual member. Just look over the list of "factors of success" in the appended table. With hardly an exception, the clubs which have constructive programs such as products shows, fairs, demonstrations, judging contests, educational work (in reference to persons outside the club) and publications, are the ones which do not report lectures and smokers as the biggest factors of success but do report in favor of these constructive programs. In other words, the survey clearly shows that when men do things themselves which are of service to others, or in doing which they cooperate with others, these men them- selves realise that they have gotten more of personal benefit and are sure enough about it to come out and say so. But the question of surmounting our club difficulties can not be answered without a consideration of methods. We have suggested what may be done to remedy certain weaknesses but have not told how it may be done. To a man experienced in club work the answer is so simple that to enter upon a discussion of it borders upon the ludicrous. But we are not all experienced and wise, and even the best may learn from the next fellow. The answer to the problem of methods is "Organization." This should be provided for in the constitution of each club. After the new officers are elected in the spring they should meet in conference with the outgoing officers. They should draw up a program for the coming season starting with one certain aim, perhaps two, to be accomplished by the end of another year. Then the projects which will meet this end must be outlined and the progress necessary for each month as well as the succession of weekly programs must be determined. All this re- duced to writing is then ready for submission to the club in the fall, or better still at a special spring meeting when the club will be better fit to pass judgment. After revision and adoption by the club it should then be sanctioned by some higher body such as an Alumni consulting committee or a board of Faculty and Alumni advisors who are active in lending support to the club. 13 The execution of the program may be accomplished by a system of committees provided for in the constitution. A wise president will select his committeemen according to their interests and in accord- ance with the support they gave to the various parts of the program when it was made up. For each definite project there should be a leader who may be chairman of the committee on the respective project. He will be aided by as many committeemen or sub-commit- tees as necessary, appointing them himself or in conference with the president. The committeemen will choose their own assistants and co-operators. This should give every club member a definite respon- sibility and a chance to work. Insurance against failure of execution of the plans of a club may be gained by a system of written reports bolstered up by a healthy club spirit. A club with spirit enough to carry out a system as out- lined should not have to tolerate reports of "no progress." Each chairman should report weekly or monthly to his leader, the leader to the president, and the president to the club by means of a term or annual report. This furnishes a definite check between the pro- gram planned for the year and the program accomplished. Granted, then, that the members of a club know what they want to do and how to do it, and that they apply themselves to the task of doing it, then they may appropriately say: "it's a workin' club, and we're proud of it." Ackno wle d gment THE Committee must realize more than all others its indebted- ness to the officers of the many cooperating clubs and it takes this opportunity to express its appreciation of their help. Omissions and errors are, no doubt, many in number, and to a cer- tain extent can well be expected when a new kind of investigation is attempted by the questionnaire method. It is only fair to state that every state college or university unrepresented was approached twice through its Registrar in the name of "Agricultural Club." The Secretary will be gfad at any time during the coming months to be apprised of defects of omission and misinterpretation and will keep such correspondence on file, so that it may be drawn upon if a sequent publication is desired. Rutgers Agricultural Club feels it a privilege to distribute the results of this undertaking and invites most cordially the correspon- dence of all agricultural clubs on any topic of common interest. 14 Tabulation of Data Total Agri Club c 'c Institution P. O. Address enrollment enrollment membership atten- (4yr.) (4yr. ) dance Ala. Poly. Inst.... Auburn §1,325 §193 131 65 Univ. of Ariz Tucson §497 §26 *60 75 Univ. of Ark Fayetteville 722 63 25 80 Univ. of Cal Berkeley §12,848 §344 Colo. Ag. Col Fort Collins t 276 62 56 Conn. Ag. Col Storrs 263 132 90 67 Del. Col Newark f 34 *41 61 Univ. of Fla Gainesville f 87 50 50 Ga. Ag. Col Athens §1,295 §155 *501 20 Univ. of Idaho . . . .Moscow 986 214 140 45 Univ. of 111 Urbana t 1,182 611 54 Univ. of Ind LaFayette 848 548 504 13 Iowa Ag. Col Ames §4,753 §698 635 48 Kan. Ag. Col Manhattan 2,383 572 285 65 Univ. of Ky Lexington t 121 .... .... Univ. of La Baton Rouge 1,466 116 .... .... Univ. of Maine. . .Orono 1,068 125 94 48 Md. Ag. Col College Park t 137 Mass. Ag. Col Amherst t 506 Mich. Ag. Col East Lansing 899 527 250 50 Univ. of Minn St. Paul f 358 250 75 Miss. Ag. Col Agr. College t 603 100 50 Univ. of Mo Columbia 2,691 339 415 75 Mont. Ag. Col. . . . Bozeman 804 135 63 76 Univ. of Neb Lincoln §5,025 §209 139 54 Univ. of Nev Reno 559 40 *45 60 N. H. Ag. Col Durham 827 116 87 29 Univ. of N. J New Brunswick .. . 892 99 54 40 N. M. Ag. Col.... State College 123 37 Univ. of N. Y..... Ithaca t 868 *1,250 68 N. C. Ag. Col.... West Raleigh 726 199 313 24 N. D. Ag. Col Agr. College 375 77 *150 Univ. of Ohio Columbus 7,584 745 154 40 Okla. Ag. Col Stillwater 748 119 Ore. Ag. Col Corvallis 3,652 899 250 80 Pa. State Col State College 2,834 622 453 22 R. I. Ag Col Kingston 280 50 50 70 S. C. Ag. Col Clemson Col ....:. §764 §422 51 78 S. D. Ag. Col Brookings 415 67 Univ. of Tenn Knoxville f 177 85 41 Texas Ag. Col Col. Station 1,284 430 Utah Ag. Col Logan 670 146 125 48 Univ. of Vt Burlington 936 65 Va. Poly. Inst Blacksburg t 130 77 56 Wash. Ag. Col... Pullman 1,911 306 200 38 Univ. of W. Va. . . Morgantown §1,250 §149 147 34 Univ. of Wis Madison §6,079 §234 1,000 25 Univ. of Wyo Laramie §858 §16 25 68 ♦Includes Home Economics students. §1918 enrollment. All other figures are for college year 1920-21. fAgricultural College enrollment only supplied. "Enrich your soil, and enrich yourself" 15 State Source Club of Year Funds Programs, best ones Special in Italics Functions* Relation to judging teams Chief factor to success Ala. Ag., 1921 Ariz. Ag., 1920 Ark. Ag., 1920 Colo. Live- stock, 1921 Conn. Ag., 1920 Del. Ag., 1920 $0.75 a Lectures, student year, papers, current Commis- events, discussion sions (p, 11) $1.50 a term, levies $0.25 a term, levies Levies, sale of books $1.00 a year, fair income $0.50 a year Speakers, debates, smokers Talks, papers, comics Speakers Lectures, student fairs Variety program, student speakers Get-acquainted meet- Medal to high man Lectures by suc- ing, banquet, socials in International, cessful men j udging teams in college Entertainment, dance, None Speakers, enter- picnic tainments "Agri Day," dances, None home ec. picnics Dance, interclass judging contests Winter fair Banquet to faculty :, Agri Day" Medals to Inter- Judging contests, national and intra- team to Inter- mural teams national Medals at student Fair, judging contests contests None Publication annual report Fla. Ag., 1920 Ga. Ag., 1920 Ida. Ag., 1920 III. Ag., 1921 Til. Hort., 1921 Ind. Purdue Assoc, 1921 Iowa Ag., 1921 Kan. Ag., 1921 Kan. Agron., 1921 Kan. Block & Bridle, 1921 Kan. Dairy, 1921 $1.50 a year $1.00 a year, $2 Fresh. $1.00 a term $1.00 rt year, dance income $1.00 a term, show- profits $0.50 a year $1 from dept. clubs $1.00 a year $2.00 a year, levies Nat'l $1 a yr., init. $2; local $0.50 ayr. $1 a yr., levies, dance income $1.00 a year Short talks, debates, music Debates, receptions, dances, speakers Lectures, Movies, joint home ec. meet- ing Music, speakers, social, combination Faculty speakers, music Chicken supper, barn- None warming, orange feast None Faculty speakers, smokers Faculty and student talks, smokers Speaker Members and breeders give talks, papers Get-togethers, speak- ers, smokers Maine Ag., 1920 Md. Special Hort. & levies An. Husb., 1921 *For clubs publishing periodicals, cf p. 8. Speakers, combination, social Ag "Bawl," Day" Social functions Lectures "Judging Insignia to teams Social, "Judging Day" Peanut banquet, dance, None Ag roundup, open house Wiener roast, apple None show, Horticultural exhibit Ag. round-up, open house (see p. 8) Apple show, small size Speakers, socials, music, student talks, 111. exchange program Speakers, athletics, music Shortcourse reception and 111. Ag. Club ban- quets, medals to ag varsity basketball team Medals to judging Acquainting stu- team, cup for egg dents with faculty, shqw, and boys' & and prominent girls' tssay contest men m state Fall reception, spring None carnival Carnival None, in future : fair and dance Grain judging contest, hike Judging contest, ban- quets, fairs Medals and most Not given of expenses None Grain judging contest National organiza- Fairs, judging con- tion awards medals tests at contests Gold medals to Judging team and judging teams contest Harvest ball, joint home ec. meetings, picnic Dance by Hort. Club, None wiener roast 16 Finances judging Judging and get- teams togethers State Source Club of Year Funds Programs, best ones Special in Italics Functions Relation to judging teams Chief factor to success Mass., 6dif. clubs, 1921 Mich. Ag., 1920 Minn. $ g - Boost- ers, 1921 Miss. Ag., 1920 Mo. Ag., 1921 Mont. Ag., 1921 Nebr. Ag., 1920 Nev. Ag., 1921 N. H. Ag., 1920 N. J. Ag., 1921 N. Y. Ag. Assn., 1921 N. C. Ag., 1920 N. D. Ag., 1921 Ohio Ag., 1921 Ore. Ag., 1920 Pa. Ag. Soc, 1921 Pa. Clover 1921 Pa. Coun- try Life, 1921 Pa. Crab Apple, 1921 Up to $1.00 a year $0.50 a yr., $0.50 initiat'n. $0.25 a year $0.25 a month $1.00 a year, levies $1.00 a year $1.00 a year $1.00 a term $1.00 a year $0.50 a year, & levies $0.50 a term $1.00 a year & levies Dues, , levies $0.75 a yr., $0.50 init'n. $0.25 a quarter Dept. clubs $0.25 a term, levies $0.50 a year Fund from Hort. Dept. Flower, fruit and All students taxed Field trips and poultry shows, H. S. $0.50 lectures judging Farmers' week pro- gram Originates j udging Getting all mem- teams bers working Dance, ag. field day, Pays one-half cost Ag. field day college events of medals Lectures Speakers, music Debates, speakers Papers, speakers Farmer yell, speakers, Barnwarming, banquet Medals to mem- smokers, entertain- with home ecs., fair - bers of teams ments Smokers, speakers, de- Grain and vegetable Solicits bates, music, refresh- show, stock fitting ments and judging contest Educational, enter- tainments, speakers Smokers, feeds, speakers Smoker, dance, mixer, Medals to fat- fair, spring party stock, dairy and fruit teams Barn dance, banquet Barnwarming, farmers' fair, paddling of slackers Practice in organi- zation work Student activties in college of agri- culture Speakers, debates, Dance, banquet movies, smokers Assists in paying Talks by practical expenses men Outside speakers, Barnwarming, bulletin None smokers Smokers, bulletin Combination of None speakers, music, eats and dancing Medals and shin- Club meetings or gles to athletic assemblies teams Debates, essays, talks, Corn show, reception, None observations ag. day Debates, lectures Dances, fair, plays None Literary, instructive, Dance, wiener roast None relaxation Reception, corn show Music, speakers, re- Hort. fair freshments, smokers None Such as advertise club most Ag. fair Speakers Pa. Day exhibit None None Speakers, refresh- Pa. Day exhibit None ments Speakers, movies, Picnics, trips, festi- None plays vals, athletic meets Speakers, discussion, Products show, spring None refreshments picnic Trips Educational activi- ties 17 State Source Club of Year Funds Programs, best ones Special in Italics Functions Relation to judging teams Chief factor to success Pa. Dairy, 1921 Pa. Forestry, 1921 Pa. Land- scape, 1921 Pa. Liebig Chem., 1921 Dues, sell ice cream on Pa. Day $0.50 a year, levies $0.50 a year, levies Liters Speakers, feeds, Fresktnan smoker Speakers, student papers, feeds Discussions, smokers lectures, Pa. Day exhibit None Dance, campfire sup- None pers, hikes, freshman picnic Pa. Day exhibit, Xmas None tree farcical party Pa. Day exhibit, Ag. None and Ag.-Chem. ban- quets Refreshments Freshman smoker Discussion of chemical work Pa. Sir- loin, 1921 $1.00 a Speakers, slides, feeds Pa. Day exhibit, ban- Awards medals year, quet, livestock fitting levies contest, sale Meetings R. I. Ag.. 1920 S. C. Ag. Soc, 1920 Tenn. Ag., 1920 Tex. Ag., 1920 Utah Ag., 1920 Va. Plant- ers, 1920 Wash. Ag., 1920 $1.00 a year, "Hick Ball" $1.50 a year $2 a yr., drink stand at fairs Levit $1.00 a yr., $0.50 init'n $1.00 a year $0.50 a term W. Va. $1.50 a Ag. Assoc. .year, 1921 levies Wis. Ag. Coll. Fed., 1921 Wis. Saddle & Sir- loin, 1920 Wyo. Ag., 1921 No dues, profits from functions Speakers, movies, dis- "Hick Ball" Missions Smokers, discussion, essay, curent events, joker, debate Finances teams Student and Faculty Banquet, joint meet- None talks ing and socials with home ecs. Student papers Speaker, music, re- freshments, socials, trips D ebates, speakers, student talks Speaker, student talk Socials None None Publish high school None paper, ball, one boys' and girls' club dances, two overall and apron dances Lectures limited to 1 hour, discus- sion follows Discussions Instructive pro- gram Whole program None Three medals for Training in organ- intramural contest ization, judging Stock show, mock Awards medals sale, barn dance, all- ag. fair Pie social, strawberry Medals to fruit festival teams and others Pep session, singing, Mixer (cf p. 6) picnic, None student talk, speaker, all-univ. exposition, mass meetings short course recep- tion, backing athletics $0.50 a Speaker Barn dance, banquets, Two teams award- year, club and breeders' as- ed engraved keys $0.50 initi- sociation, little alter- ation national, lunch at breed sales $1.50 a Speaker, debate, stu- Barn dance in dairy None year, dent talk, entertain- barn $2 levy ment Show, sale, fair and dance Sociability (fac- ulty and home ecs., pd. members) Intercollegiate athletics Little Interna- tional Show, judg- ing tryouts Debates, discus- sion of breeds 18 A New Machine for American Farmers S. 0. M. U. A. TRACTOR -CULTIVATOR Manufactured in France ■ • ■ Type "A" Tractor-Cultivator Economy ROTARY TILLAGE Efficiency COMPLETLY prepare the SEEDBED in ONE OPERATION Plowing and Harrowing in one trip over the field. Stubble, cover-crops and fertilizers properly turned under. The soil is fine pulverized by the cultivator by means of rapidly rotating scraping tools arranged around a shaft receiving its power from the tractor motor. This gives the soil proper aera- tion, better solubility of nutritive materials, and full benefit from rain. This cultivator breaks a strip 60 inches wide and will com- pletely prepare the seedbed at the rate of five to fifteen acres per day. The tractor itself is of the three-wheel type, equipped with a 3 5 H.P. high speed French Motor. It is designed to operate on gasoline, benzole or carburatted alcohol. The fuel consumption will not exceed 25 gallons per 10-hour day. The Type "C" Motoculteur is designed for garden and orchard use. It operates on the same principal as the large type, but is hand driven and equipped with a 5 H.P. motor. FRAMERICAN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 21 East 40th St., New York City 19 Semi -Solid Buttermilk A CHALLENGE The only Food that can be fed to Any Animal of Any Age for Any Purpose in Any Quantity with Any Ration at Any Time and Always Produce Economical Results. We refer you to its many users. 1.5 weeks old and raised on SEMI-SOLID BUTTERMILK Vineland Internationa] I£gg Laying Con- test, Vineland, X. .7. Be Sure and Get The Original SEMI - SOLTD BUT- TERMILK Manufactured by CONSOLIDATED PRODUCTS CO. Lincoln, Neb. Eastern Agents: I. H. NESTER CO. 3 Chestnut St. Philadelphia, Pa. UNIVERSAL PROD- UCTS SALES CO. 126 Liberty St. New York City, N. Y. 20 NAME AND TRADE MARK REGISTERED ODORLESS NON-POISONOUS NON-IRRITATING DISINFECTANT AND STYPTIC SOME OF ITS USES ECZEMA SCRATCHES HARNESS SORES FISTULA CANKERED FROG DOUCHE FOR VAGINAL INFLAMMATION WHERE THERE IS SERIOUS GRANULAR VAGINITIS DESTROYING PATHOGENIC BACTERIA WHERE REACHABLE OPEN SORES WITH PUS OR WATERY DISCHARGE Sole Manufacturers The Westmoreland Chemical & Color Co. PHILADELPHIA w E BELIEVE IN Men who are successful in Col- Student Activities lege will succeed in life by :::z:::::z— ::::::::: breeding holsteins AT YOUR SERVICE JOHN W. BARTLETT, Field Sec'y New Bruiuwick, N. J. 21 (( You Never Touch the Eggs The Scientific principle that is behind the Wishbone Mammoth YOU don't have to touch the eggs from the time you put them in until the chicks are hatched. That is why the Wishbone Mammoth conserves time, labor and energy. That is why it is the most scientific mammoth made. It has every feature that other incubators have plus five important devices that no other incubator has. Full information on both the Wishbone Mammoth and the Wishbone Valveless Type Brooder, of which details are given below, will be sent on request. AMERICAN INCUBATOR MFG. CO. 101 Water Street, New Brunswick, N. J. ^fishboni e MAMMOTH ,„UJ Incubato 5? The Five Exclusive Devices 1. Combination metal turning and hatching tray, eliminating all transferring of eggs. 2. Device for connecting turning mechanism on third day without moving the tray or touching the eggs. 3. Removable bottom. 4. Easy removal of moisture pan. 5. Sec- tional heater, for coal, gas or oil. 1, 2 and 3 decks— capacity 1,600 to 50,000 eggs. Blue Flame--Oil Burning No valve to stick, no strainer to clog, no thermostat to go wrong. Simple, efficient, de- pendable. Capacity SO to 1,000 chicks. Prices $10 to $25. Wishbone Valveless Type Brooder 22 '"iMifikm m ma men ^1 "^1 About the Greenhouses We Build For over half a century we have been build- ing greenhouses. Logically, then, we ought to know how greenhouses should be built. In that fifty or more years we have built practically all kinds of glass enclosures, from garden cold frames to greenhouses that cover considerably over an acre. We tell you these things so you may know the scope of our experience. It matters not whether the house you want be large or small, we can give you a service and a value that we think careful investiga- tion will prove cannot be equaled. We should be glad to talk with you. Or write us, giving the size of house you re- quire, so we can send you facts and figures. torn or£ & Burnham(5. Irvington, New York Philadelphia Chicago N. Y. 42nd St. Bldg. Land Title Bldg. Cont. Bank Bldg. Boston Cleveland Toronto 11 Little Bldg. 407 Ulmer Bldg. Royal Bank Bldg. Eastern Factory Western Factory Canadian Factory Irvington, N. Y. Des Plaines, 111. St. Catharines, Ont. ma ma ma 23