ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 924 074 096 060 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924074096060 AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE BIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES GOULD FOR INDEX OF SPECIAL TABLES AND IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS, CLASSIFYING LARGE NUMBERS OF FACTS. SEE PAGE XVL Prom The Practitioner, London. " The language of medicine clianges so quickly with the advance of knowledge that for practitioners who wish to keep fairly abreast of scientific progress a good medical dictionary is not so much a luxury as a necessity of intellec- tual life. Dr. George M. Gould, who is one of the leading ophthalmic surgeons in the United States, and editor of the Medical News, has in the work before us presented the profession with the completest lexicon of medical termin- ology that exists in the English language Dr. Gould has done for our medical language what Dr. Murray is doing for the mother tongue of English-speaking peoples. It need only be added that the work is printed in a clear type that bears witness to the careful regard of the author, as an ophthalmologist, for the reader's eyes, and is ' got up ' in a style sufficiently handsome to make it an ornament to the book shelf and strong enough to withstand the wear and tear of daily use." AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE BIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES INCLUDING THE PRONUNCIATION, ACCENTUATION, DERIVATION, AND DEFINITION OF THE TERMS USED IN MEDICINE, ANATOMY-, SURGERY, OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY, THERAPEUTICS, MATERIA MEDICA, PATHOLOGY, DERMATOLOGY, PEDIATRICS, OPHTHALMOLOGY, OTOLOGY, LARYN- GOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, NEUROLOGY, HISTOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, DIETETICS, LEGAL MEDICINE, PSYCHOLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY, ETC., ETC. AND THE VARIOUS SCIENCES CLOSELY RELATED TO MEDICINE BACTERIOLOGY, PARASITOLOGY, MICROSCOPY, BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, DENTISTRY, PHARMACY, CHEMISTRY, HYGIENE, ELECTRICITY, VETERINARY MEDICINE, ETC. BY GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D. AUTHOR OF " THE STUDENT'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY," 30,000 MEDICAL WORDS PRONOUNCED AND DEFINED," "THE MEANING AND THE METHOD OF LIFE " ; EDITOR OF " THE PHILADELPHIA MEDICAL JOURNAL"; PRESIDENT, 1893-1894, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MEDICINE BASED UPON RECENT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE FIFTH EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS PHILADELPHIA ^-^C'-l"^"^ P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO. --^.««=^ 1012 WALNUT STREET ' ' ~-'-.M^B 190? Copyright, 1894, by p. blakiston, Son & Co. Copyright, igoo, by P. blakiston's Son & Co. WM, F. FELL & CO., ELEOTROTYPERS AND PRINTERS, 1220-24 SANSON STREET, PHILADELPHIA. PREFACE. In this work I have conscientiously endeavored to give the greatest possible amount of lexicographic and encyclopedic knowledge within the limits of ■& single volume, condensed as much as is consistent with clearness, and so arranged as to furnish the student and worker with concise, accurate, and useful definitions. I have tried to satisfy the following specific desiderata : — 1. The inclusion of the many thousands of new words and terms that have been introduced into medicine during the last few years, marked as they have been by unparalleled scientific activity and progress. To this end an almost countless number of volumes and periodicals have been systematically gleaned by myself and a tireless corps of friends and assistants. Not to have met this important and pressing need would have made this volume a work of mere inexcusable compilation and copying from the many word-books already published, instead of a fresh gathering from the living literature of the day. 2. To give the most compact epitomization of the works of older and authoritative lexicographers, including all such obsolete or obsolescent terms as may be met with in the medical encyclopedias or handbooks likely to be used by a modern student. 3. To include all the more commonly-used terms of biology — a tning highly desirable ; a. Because of the modern recognition of the great truth that general biologic science is the foun- dation of genuine and progressive medical science ; 6. Because the best schools of medicine are more and more urging or making obligatory the preliminary biologic course of study ; and c. Because, so far as I know, no satisfactory lexicon of biology exists in English. 4. Keeping the size and purpose of the book well in view, to give it an encyclopedic character — not only by supplying the usual pronunciation, derivation, and definition of words, but also by showing their logical relations, their bearings, and their practical importance for the worker in literary or clinical medicine. This aim will explain a number of peculiar features, as for instance, the large number of tables, whereby at a glance one may catch the correlations of a single fact with many others, and thus at once classify and crystallize his comprehension of them. It seems deserving of mention that in modern literature there is not to be found as complete and digested a resumi of surgical operations, of bacteriology, of parasit- ology, of tests, and of many other subjects, as is here furnished. 5. When advisable, to give a pictorial illustration that would tell what words could not make clear. Hence, those who find the work helpful in this respect will thank the publishers for the generous supply of illustrations, a large number being new engravings from original drawings made expressly for this work. Conservatism in this respect, however difficult, has been the rule, because pictures, for example of surgical instruments, are plenteous and to be had for the asking, and because illustrations that are useless, or that do not illustrate, might possibly have made the book superficially more attractive, but would certainly have given ground for just criticism. Besides the large number of original illustrations first presented in this volume, many have been taken or adapted from the well-known and authoritative works of Sappey, Landois, Ziegler, Piersol, Stirling, Woodhead, Holden, Tyson, Fullerton. and others. e8G^ vi PREFACE. 6. As regards orthography, to do what Professor Whitney, in the preface to his great work, The Century Dictionary , says is the duty of the dictionary-maker : — " The language is struggling toward a more consistent and phonetic spelling, and it is proper in disputed and doubtful cases to cast the influence of the dic- tionary in favor of this movement, both by its own usage in the body of the text, and at the head of articles by the order of forms, or by the selection of the form under which the word shall be treated. ' ' More than this I have not attempted to do, and not to have done this much would have been distinctly wrong. The lexicographer may not impose or command, but in the interest of true and prudent progress he may suggest and advise. Both spellings are noted of words in dispute, and one is of course at liberty to accept that which he thinks best. Those who prefer to follow the older practice have against them all the best philologists, such authorities as Professor Whitney, Professor Skeat, the editors of the Standard, and of other great Dictionaries. Gradual, careful phonetic progress is a duty we all owe to our profession. ■ I have usually recommended that in medicine the diphthongs ce and « be supplanted by e ; such usage is already well established as regards many words, and the suggestion is in strict harmony with etymology and the spirit of the language. We do not spell such words as gangrcene, CBther, (economy, ceternal, pxnalty, medicBval, solcecism, primceval, as here written, and the redundant diphthong should not be retained in diarrhoea, hcemorrhage, oedema, coeliotomy, pcediatric, etc. Why is the change right in one instance and wrong in the other ? In the spelling of certain chemic words, the advice of The American Association for the Advancement of Science has, as a rule, been followed, and seems to be in the line of cautious and wise progress. The unanimous acceptance and practice of all these recommendations by the American Medical Editors' Association constitute a gratifying proof of progressiveness and freedom from irrational prejudice. 7. To indicate the best pronunciation of words by the simplest and most easily understood phonetic method. The plan I have used is simple and little liable to mistaking. The sylla- bification has no significance except to show the pronunciation, ancf in this the natural English common usage and power of letters are followed. Thus, in all but a few instances, the use of diacritic marks and vexatious signs or symbols is avoided. When a vowel stands alone or at the end of a syllable it has its natural long sound : a, as in male ; e, as in mete ; i, as in mile ; o, as in mole ; u, as in mule ; when preceding, or between, consonants, the vowels have their natural short sounds, unless occasionally the use of the diacritic mark gives them the long sound, as at (ate), os {pse), it (tie). In a few instances the sign, " has been used over a, as in marriage, to distinguish the sound from that of a, as in harm. When a has the sound of ah, it has generally been written ah. In such words as cystotomy, acidity, and the like, the pronunciation of the final vowel-sound is indicated by Greater than, as K > A. Kathode. < . Less than. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN CHEMISTRY. Am- indicates the group NHg. Azo-, diazo-, and hydrazo- indicate compounds in which nitro- gen atoms are linked in various ways. Di- is appHed as a prefix to signify two. Im- indicates the group NH. Ket- indicates the molecule CO in certain structural re- lations. Mon- is employed as a prefix to signify one. Nitro- indicates the group NO2. Pent- is applied as a prefix to signify ^z/tf. per- denotes in a rather vague sense an indefinitely large amount of the body to which it is prefixed, or to which it is referred. Sesqui- indicates the proportion of two to three. Sub- is employed in a rather vague sense to indicate defi- ciency of the body to which it is prefixed. Tetr- is applied as a prefix to signify /oMr. Thio- indicates sulphur, especially replacing oxygen. Tri- (sometimes "^cr-") is applied as a prefix to signify three. -al indicates aldehydic structure. -an is applied to a class of bodies related to the starch and sugar group. -ane indicates a saturated hydrocarbon. -ase indicates an enzyme, or non-organized ferment, e.g.^ dias- tase. This termination is at present restricted gener- ally to enzymes of vegetable origin, but it should also be used with animal enzymes — which, however, usually end in "in." It would thus be better to sB.y pepsase and trypsase, rather than Pepsin and trypsin. -ate. A suffix to nouns in chemistry signifying: any salt formed by an acid acting on a base ; e. g., sulphate, phosphate. -ic denotes the higher of two valencies assumed by an element, and incidentally in many cases a larger amount of oxy- gen. -in is of no precise significance, and is mostly applied to bodies the structure of which is not yet known. -yl, -ene, -enyl, and -ine indicate hydrocarbons. According to the American system of orthography, the only case in which "zW* is used is as a termination for a series of hydrocarbons, beginning with Ethine, C2H2. Enjglish writers and some American chemists use it to signify basic properties, regarding -in as the proper term for non-basic bodies. They thus distinguish between salicin, which forms no salts with acids, and morphin (which under such system is spelled '* morphine"), which does. It Jhust be noted that such methods are not in accordance with the tendency of modern chemic nomenclature, which seeks to express structure, not properties. The organic bases XII ABBREVIATIONS or alkaloids are not all of the same type, and when their structure is elucidated systematic names will be found for them. Until then there is no particular gain in indicating^ them as a group. -id is similar to " in." -ol indicates alcoholic structure, i. e., presence of the group HO (hydroxyl), e. g., alcohol, glycerol, phenol. -one is applied to bodies related to the starches and sugars. It is, however, not used with this signiticance in "pep- tone," which word is not formed according to any estab- lished system. -ose indicates a carbohydrate, e. £-., glucose, although it is also occasionally applied to the results of digestion of proteids, e.g., albumose. -ous denotes the lower of two degrees of valency assumed by an element and incidentally indicates, in many cases, a small amount of oxygen. The word sulphonic indicates the group HSOa- Advt. A. O. . a. p. . . B. H. . B. L. . . C. A. . . C. C. . C. G S. CO. C. P. C. P. . . c. p. . . C. Q. S. C. S. . C. S. J. D. I. D. D. O. D. P. . . d.p. e. c. F. M. D. G. O. . . I. . . I. A. . . I. D. I. P. I. S. . . J. P- L. A. . . L. B. . . L. C. C. L. E. . L. G. B. L. S. A. M. A. B. M. A. M. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN HYGIENE AND SANITARY LAW. . Advertisement. M. M, . . Abalement Order. M. O. . . Ashpit. M. O. H. . Board of Health. N. O. . . By-Law or By-Laws. O. ... . Confirming Authority. O. C. . . . County Council. O. R. . . . Court of General Sessions. p. ... . Closing; Order. p. A. . Contributory Place. p. C. . Cattle-plague. p. I. E. , Cesspits. P. O. . . . Court of Quarter Sessions. Prov. O. . Commissioners of Sewers. P. p. . . Court of Summary Jurisdiction. P. S. A. . Dangerous Infectious Disease. P. S. C. . . Demolition Order. Q. S. . Daily Penalty; < not exceeding; > not R. A. less than. R. D. . Dungpit. Rg. . , . Earth-closet. R. P. C. . Foot and Mouth Disease. R. S. A. . General Order. R. S. D. . Inspector. S. A. . . . Infected Area. s. c. . Infectious Disease. S. L . Infected Place. S. O. . Improvement Scheme. S. S. . . Justice of the Peace. U. A. . Local Authority. U. D. . Local Board. U. H. H. . London County Council. U. S. A. . Local Enquiry. U. S. D. . Local Government Board. V. L . Local Sanitary Authority. w. c, . . . Metropolitan Asylums' Boards. 'W. Co. . . Metropolitan Asylums' Managers. W. W. . . Medical Man. . . Medical Officer. . . Medical Officer of Health. . Nuisance Order. . . Owner ; Occupier. . . Order in Council. . . Official Representation. . . Privy. . . Public Analyst. . . Privy Council. . . Private Intpboyement Expenses. . . Prevention Order. . Provisional Order. . . Pleuro-Pneumonia. . . Port Sanitary Authority. . . Petty Sessional Court. . Quarter Sessions. . . Rural Authority. . . Rural District. . . Regulations. . Rivers-pollution Commission. . . Rural Sanitary Authority. . . Rural Sanitary District. . . Sanitary Authority. . . Sanitary Convenience. . . Sanitary Inspector. . . Special Order. . . Secretary of State. . . Urban Authority ; Unhealthy Area. . . Urban District. . . Unfit for Human Habitation. . Urban Sanitary Authority. . . Urban Sanitary District. . Veterinary Inspector. . . Water-closet. . . Water Company. . . Water Works. ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR ACTS OF PARLIAMENT. A. A. . . . C. B. A. . . C. D. (A.) A. C. L. H. A. D. C. M. O. . F. W. A. . H. W. C. A. I. D. (N.) A. I. D. (P.) A. L. C. (C.) A. L. G. A. . Alkali Acts, 1863, 1874 (Consolidated), 1881. M. L. M. A. . Canal Boats Acts, 1877-84.. M. W. C. A. . Contagious Diseases (Animal) Act, 1878. P. H. A. . . . Common Lodging Houses Act, 1851, etc. P. H. (A.) A. . Dairy, Cowshed, and Milk Shop Order, P. H. (I.) A. 1885-6. P. H. (L.) A. . Factories and Workshop Act, 1878. P. H. (S.) A. . Housing of Working Classes Act, 1890. P. H. (W.) A. . Infectious Diseases (Notification) Act, 1889. P. W. L. A. " " (Prevention) Act, 1890. R. P. A. . . , Land Clauses (Consolidation) Acts, 1845. S. F. D. A. . . Local Government Act, 1888. S. J. A. . Metropolis Local Management Act, iSs.";. " Water Companies Act, 1871." Public Health (England! Act, 1875. " " (Amendt.) '* 1890. " " (Ireland)- " 1878, " " (London) " 1891, " " (Scotland) " 1867. (Water) " 1878, Public Works Loans Act, 1879. Rivers Pollution Act, 1876. Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875. Summary Jurisdiction Act. SIGNS ABBREVIATIONS, ETC., USED IN DESCRIPTIVE ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY. o Feet. ' Inches. " Lines ; each one-twelfth of an inch, or about two millimeters. ! A mark of affirmation or authentication. ? A mark of doubt. . Figures or words separated by a short dash indicate the extremes of variation, as 5-10" long, few-many flowered; i. e.. varying from 5 to 10 lines in length, ana with few to many flowers. c.c Cubic centimeter. cm, . ... Centimeter, mm. . . . Millimeter. /u . ... The Micron, Micromillimeter, or unit of Microscopic Measurement. For conven- ience of reference, the follnwinja; table of comparative measurements is given ; — (It Inch/'s, Inches. fi TuAuir . ■ - . 2.5399 tAo ■ ■ - 25.3997 tAu .... 253.9972 One Meter . 39.370.132 in. fi Inches. I. . . . .000039 2 000079 3, , . .onoiiS 4. . . 000157 5 000197 6 0C0236 7. . . .000276 8 000315 g. . .000354 10 000394 X Used to express magnification, thus X 1000 indicates a magnification of 1000 diame- ters. The improper fraction ^^^ indi- cates the same thing, but is rarely used. (S) An annual Herb. ® A biennial Herb. "U A perennial Herb. O An Undershrub, deciduous. Id An Undershrub, evergreen. 5 A Shrub, deciduous. O A Shrub, evergreen. O A Tree, deciduous. O A Tree, evergreen. h An herbaceous Vine, annual or biennial. "^ A woody Vine, deciduous. V A woody Vine, evergreen. ^w» A trailing Herb, annual or biennial. ki A trailing Herb, perennial. w An aquatic plant. $ . . . . . Flowers perfect. ABBREVIATIONS (5* A male animal, or a plant or flower bear- ing only stamens or antheridia. 9 A female animal or a plant or flower bearing only pistils or archegonia. Q A young animal of undetermined sex, thus df o, young male, or ? yg for young female, but Qijuv {Juvenis, young). , A monocarpic plant. 0=- Cotyledons accumbent. O II Cotyledons incumbent. A plant introduced and naturalized. A plant cultivated for ornament. ......... A plant cultivated for use. 8 Monecious. cf $ Diecious. cf 5 9 Polygamus. o Wanting or none. 00 Numerous or indeflnite ; more than twenty when applied to stamens. i tr The microsecond represents .ooi second or the unit of time in experiments or psycho- physic reactions. Authors' names are abbreviated in the follQwing Manner: — Ait., Aiton. Bech., Bechstein. Cham., Chamissb. Dum., Dum^ril, etc. Nupt, signifies in ornithology, breeding plumage. hornet, means a bird of the year. -aceae, a suffix used in botany to designate a family, the name chosen being one of the principal genera. Ex., Rosa, Ros- acea, Ranunculus f Ranunculacea. Cf., iceiz, ideee, inea, e£Z. -ana, preferably used as a suflix to the name of a species around wliich others naturally cluster, in the naming of subsections or groups of species; e.g., the ^roup of species of Helix related to H. pomatia may be indicated by the term Pomatiana. -ensis, a termination given to the names of species only when derived from the name of their habitat; e.g., Ttsnia madagascariensis, Daphne chinensis, Draccena brasili- ensis. Eu-, employed as a prefix in forming the names of genera, sub- genera, or sections of genera before a Greek, derivative. Excl. gen., exclusit genus. Excl. sps., exclusit species. Excl. var., exclusit varietas, when following an onym, indi- cates that the group has undergone revision, and the name does not cover the original ground to the extent indicated. -ia, -ius, -ica, -icus, -ina, -inus, -ita, -itus, terminations used in making^ specific names which are derived from the name of a river or other body of water, a province, a country, or a kingdom ; e. g,, arabicus. -iceae, -ides, -ineae, suflixes used in botany to designate a family when the name taken ends in Latin -ix or -is (genitive ids, idis, iscis): e.g., Salicinece from Salix, Berberidecs from Berbens, TamariscinetE ivoxo. Tamarix. -cae, as a rule, these suffixes, together with etis, are employed to designate botanic sub-families, tribes,.and sub-tribes ; e.g., Rose^ff horn Rosa. -ids. -uaa, the suSixes added to the name of the earliest known or most^cjjaracteristic genus, to designate zoSlogic families or sub-families; e.g., Strix, Strigis, StrigidcSt Bucerotis, Bucerotides. -ites, -itis, frequently employed to designate fossil organisms analogous to the living form whose generic name is the radical to which ites is appended. They are rarely used with specific names. Mutatis char., mutatis characteris, when following a specific name signifies a change in the diagnostic characters of a species. -astrum, -oidea or -oides, -oidalis, -oideum, -opsis, termina- tions employed in forming generic, sub-generic, or specific names after a Greek derivative. Bourguinat suggests that astrum be reserved to be appended to the name of a genus to indicate its typical sub-division. Opsis and ojrf^j should be reserved for sub-divisions of a genus which resemble another genus, by adding them to the name of that other genus when it is of Greek origin. -oides is preferably reserved for specific names of Greek or barbarous (never Latin) origin. (a) When the radical of the specific name is the name of a genus which it resembles, *•. g., Salix myrtilloides, Bupleurum ranunculoides, Malva abutiloides, Thuja cupressoides. (b) When the radical is the name of another species which the new one resembles. Helix carascaloides, a species like H. carascalensis. (c) When the radical of the specific name is a Greek word signifying an animal, organ, part, object, as Potentilla arachnoidea, Prenanthes deltoidea, Jungermannia zo'dp- sis, icthyoides, rhomboidale, pterigoideus, paraboloides, dendroideus. Only one apparent exception to the compounding of Greek and Latin has been consecrated by usage ; viz. : ovoides from ovum and ciSos ; this has arisen from the absence of euphony in the correct form, ooides (mov, and eifios). pro-parte, for a part, when following a specific name indi- cates that since its first application the group has been revised. Pscudo-, a prefix employed in forming specific names before a Greek derivative. -pteris, a termination frequently employed in the generic names of ferns, for the purpose of recalling the affinities of the genus. sp. (i) In zoology, abbreviation of species, written when the specific name is not known or is wanting, or if placed after the name of the authority, as Crania cramoldHs, Linn6 sp., indicates that Linn^ is only to be credited with the specific name. (2) In botany, species or specimen. Sub-, a prefix employed in forming specific names before a Latin derivative. It may also be used in designating a new species before the name of another with which the first was in intimate relation. It is also used in the sense of nearly, less, somewhat, slightly. It has, moreover, a few legitimate Latin compounds which may be used for specific names ; e.g,,subterraneus, subalpinus-a-um, sub- currens, subcutaneus, subdimidiatus, subjectus, sub- mersus, subrotundus, substratus. Sub-sp., subspecies. gen., genus. var., var^ty, placed ' before the name of a plant or animal indicates that it is a hybrid of doubtful origin. SUNDRY Adj Adjective. AdV Adverb. Am American, Arab Arabic. A. S Anglo-Saxon. Bot Botany, Botanic, B, Ph British Pharmacopeia, Celt Celtic, Cf. Confer, see. Chem Chemistry, Chemic. CoUoq Colloquial, Comp Compounded, Compound. Dim Diminutive, e.g [Exempli gratia), For example. Elec Electricity, Eng English, Etym Etymology, Etymologic. /, Feminine. Fr French. Geog. , . , , , Geography, Geographic. Geol. . , , . Geology, Geologic, Geom. . . Geometry, Geometric, Ger , German. G, Ph German Pharmacopeia. Gr . Greek, Heb Hebrew, Hind Hindustani. Ichth Ichthyology. i. e (id est), that is. It Italian. ABBREVIATIONS. L., or Lat. . . . Latin, Masc. .... Masculine. Math. . . . Mathematics. Med. . . Medicine, Medical. M. E Middle English. N. F . National Formulary. Nat. Hist. . . Natural History. Neg Negative. Obs Obsolete. O. F Old French. Ophth Ophthalmology, Ophthalmologic. Path Pathology, Pathologic. Phil Philosophy, Philosophic. Phys Physiology, Physiologic. pi Plural. priv. , Privative. Pron Pronounced, Pronunciation, q.v (Quod vide) which see. Sax Saxon. Sing. Singular. Sp . Spanish. Surg Surgery, Surgical. Unof, Unofficial. U, S. Ph United States Pharmacopeia. V. . . . . Verb. V. i. . . . . Intransitive verb. vide £ee. V. t Transitive verb. Zool Zoology, Zootogic. ABBREVIATIONS PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN MEDICAL TERMS. PREFIXES. A-, an-, called alpha privative (Gr. a, av, or a|ii), the equiva- lent of our prefix, m«-, or in-, denotes an absence or want of the thing or quality expressed by the principal ; e, g.^ adynamia, anaerobic ^ aphasia^ apraxia^ aPyrexia, astigmatism, atony, etc. a is used before consonants, an before vowels, and, rarely, am before W or dr. (To be distinguished from ana.) Ad- (ad), to, at, toward, as, adduction, adhesion. The d is often changed in the compound to correspond to the next letter, as accretion, appendix. Al-(Arab.) article the; e.g., alchemy, the secret art; alcohol, the very subtle. Amphi- (or amph-] (a^<^t),upon both sides, in two ways, as in amphiarthrosis, amphibia, etc. Ana- {ava). Up, through, again ; e. g., anaboHsm, anasarca, anatomyy etc. Anti- (or ant-) (avTi). Against, opposed to, opposite of; as antaphrodisiac, antibrachium, antipyretic, antiseptic, etc. Apo- {oLTro).^ Off, away, upon j e. g., aponeurosis, apoplexy, etc. Auto- (auTos). Self; as autopepsia, autopsy. Bary- i^-i-et'-ik), Abietinic (ab-i-et-in'-ik) [Abies']. Pertaining to the genus Abies, as Abietic Acid, C^jH^Oj or CjqHjjOj, discovered by Maly in the resin of Abies excelsa and Larix europea. Abietin (a-bi'-et-in) [Abies']. A resinous principle ob- tained from the turpentine of various species of pine and fir. A. Anhydrid, CjjH520j, the main con- stituent of Resin, q. v. Abietis Resina (a-bi'-et-is res-i'-nah). The resin of the fir or pine. Abietite [ab'-i-et-U), CgHjOj. A sugar resembling mannite, found by Rochleder in the needles of the European Silver Fir, Abies pectinata. Abiogenesis {ab-i-o-jen' -es-is) [a priv.; /3«if, life, and genesis]. The (theoretical) production of living by non-living matter. The older term was Spontaneous Generation. Other synonyms of the word are Generatio aquivoca, Generatio primaria, Archigenesis, Arche- biosis, etc. The theory has been supported by Pouchet, Haeckel, Huxley, Bastian, and others. Those opposed to the doctrine are called panspermists or heterogenists. The dispute is one of the most fundamental in biology. Abiological (ah-bi-o-loj'-ik-al') [a priv.; /Sjijf, life; Uyo^, treatise] . Not pertaining to biology. Abirritant {ab-ir' -it-ant) [ab, from ; irritare, to irritate]. I. Tending to diminish irritation; soothing. 2. Re- lating to diminished sensitiveness. 3. A remedy or agent that allays irritation. Abirritation {ab-ir-it-a'-shun) \ab, from; irritare, to irritate] . Diminished tissue-irritability ; atony or as- " jthenia. Abirritative (ab-ir' -it-a-tiv) \ab, from ; irritare, to irri- tate]. Due'to, or characterized by, atony. Abitus (ab'-it-us) [ad., from, away; ire, to go]. In comparative anatomy, any one of the narrow canals leading from a ciliated chamber to the excurrent canal, as in the higher forms of sponges. Abjoint (ab-joinf) \abjungere, to separate] . In biology, to separate by means of a joint or septum. Abjunction {ab-jungk' -shun) [see Abjoint ] . In biology, the separation by means of a joint or septum, as of spores from a growing hypha in some fungi. Ablactation [ab-lak-ta'-shun) \ab, from; lactare, to give suck]. The end of the suckling period. The weaning of a child. Ablastemic [ah-blas-tem' -ik) \h priv. ; pUarri/in, a shoot] . In biology, non-germinal ; in no way related to germination. Ablastous (ah-blas' -tus) [a/3^a(TT0f, not budding, ster- ile]. In biology, producing no germs or buds. Ablation [ab-la'-shifn) [ablatio, removal] . Removal of a part of the body, as a tumor, by amputation, exci- sion, etc. Ablatio retinae' [ab-la' -she-o ret-in' -e). Detachment of the retina. Ablator {ab-la' -tor) [L., "remover"]. A cutting in- strument used in the removal of parts (a name chiefly used in veterinary surgery) . Ablepharia {ah-blef-ar'-e-ak) [a priv.; jiTit^apov, the eye- lid]. The condition of the absence of the eyelids. Ablepharon (ak-blef -ar-on) [a priv. ; pyiefapov, the eyelid]. Congenital absence of the eyelids. Ablepharous [a/i-ble/'-ar-us) [a priv. ; ^/l^^apov, the eyelid]. Having no eyelids. Abiepsia (ah-blep'-se-ah) [apXeipia, without sight]. I. Blindness. 2. Dulness of perception. Ablepsy (ah-blep' -se). See Abiepsia. Abloom (a-bloom'). In biology, the state of being in blossom. Abluent (ab'-lu-eni) [abluere, to wash away] . Deter- gent. That which cleanses or washes away. Ablution [ab-lu' -shun) [abluere, to wash away] . Wash- ing or cleansing the body. Separation of chemical impurities by washing. Abtnortal [ab-mor' -tal) [ab, from; mors, death]. Pass- ing from dead or dying to living muscular fiber (used of electric currents) . Abnerval (ab-ner' -val) [ab, from; nervus, a sinew]. Passing from a nerve (used of electric currents in mus- cular fiber) . Abnet {ab'-net) [Hebr., a girdle]. A girdle, or girdle- shaped bandage. Abneural (ab-nu'-ral) [«i5, from; vcSpov, nerve]. Per- taining to a part remote from the neural .or dorsal aspect ; ventral. Abnormal (iib-nor'-mal) [ab, away from ; norma, a law] . Not normal ; not conformable with nature or with the general rule. A. Pigmentation, any excess, deficiency, or uncommon distribution of the natural pig- ment cells in the rete mucosum. Sometimes caused arti ficially either by mechanical means, such as tattooing, or by the reduction and deposition under the epidermis ofmetallic salts administered as medicine,such as nitrate of silver. Abnormalism (ab-nor'-mal-izm) [ab, away from ; nor- ma, a law]. I. Abnormality. 2. An abnormal thing or structure. Abnormality [ab-nor-vial' -it~e) [ah, away fi-om ; norma, a law] . The quality of being abnormal ; a deformity or malformation. Abnormity [ab-nor'-mit-e) . Same as Abnormality. Aboiement \ah-bwah-mong') [Fr.]. Barking; the in- voluntary utterance of barking sounds. Abolition {ab-o-lish'-un) [aboHHo] . Destruction ; cessa- tion ; suspension, as of a physiological function. ti.homsiS'am{ab-o-ma'-sum) [a#,away; o/warawi, paunch] . In biology, the reed or proper digestive stomach of ruminating mammals. It is pjTriform, lined by smooth mucous membrane, which secretes gastric juice. Also called "fourth," or "true," stomach; dried, it is called rennet and used for coagulating milk. Aborad {ab-o'-rad) [ab, away from; as, mouth]. Away from the mouth ; in an aboral situation or direction. Aboral (ab-o'-ral) [ab, away from ; os, mouth] . Op- posite to, or remote from, the mouth. Aborally [ab-o'-ral-e) [ab, away from; os, mouth]. In an aboral situation, direction, or manner. Aborigines {ab-or-ij'-in-ez) [ab, from; origo {origin), origin, beginning]. Primitive, autochthonous, native, indigenous. Abort {ab-ort') [abortare, to miscarry]. I. To mis- carry; to expel the fetus before it is viable. 2. To prevent the full development, as of a disease. 3. To come short of full development. 4. An abortion ; an aborted fetus. Aborticide {ab-or'-tis-ld) [abortus, a miscarriage; cii- dere, to kill]. I. The killing of the unborn fetus ABORTICIDIUM 20 ABSCESS 2. The means of killing the fetus. 3. Causing the destruction of a fetus. Aborticidium (ab-or-lis-id' -e-uiri) [abortus, a miscar- riage; cadere, to kill]. Means of killing a fetus. Abortient [ab-or'-shent) [L. abortiens, miscarrying]. Abortive ; abortifacient. Abortifacient [ab-or-te-fa' -sheni) [abortus; facere, to make]. I. Causing abortion. 2. A drug or agent inducing the expulsion of the fetus. Ergot, me, cotton-root, and digitalis, are examples. They act by causing uterine contractions. See Oxytocic and Ecbolic. Abortion [ab-or'-shun) [abortus, a miscarriage] . The premature expulsion of the ovum before the child is viable, that is, occurring any time before the end of the sixth month. It may be produced by various general diseases, as syphilis, the acute fevers, nephritis, most exhausting diseases ; by traumatism, reflex influences, emotional disturbances ; by the action of various poisons, as ergot, cantharides, rue, and savin; by diseased con- ditions of the uterus and displacements of that organ ; or by diseases of the fetus, its membranes, or the placenta. The most important symptoms are hemorrhage and pain, with final expulsion of the uterine contents. In the first two months of pregnancy the ovum is usually expelled entire ; later the membranes and placenta are retained after the fetus comes away, and must be re- moved subsequently. By some authors expulsion of the ovum during the first three months is abortion ; from this time to viability it is termed immature de- livery, or miscarriage, and from the period of viability to that of maturity, premature delivery. A., Arti- ficial, that produced intentionally. A., Criminal, when not demanded for therapeutic reasons. A., Embryonic, up to the fourth month. A., Exter- nal Causes of, those acting from without, as vio- lence, pressure, injections, etc. A., Fetal, taking place subsequent to the fourth month. A., Habitual, repeated A. in successive pregnancies. A., Incom- plete, when the membranes or placenta are retained. A., Inevitable, when the embryo or fetus is dead, or when there is an extensive detachment or rupture of the ovum. A., Internal Causes of, those due to abnormal conditions or diseases of the mother. A., Missed, the death of the fetus and not followed within two weeks by its expulsion. A., Ovular, that occur- ring during the first three weeks after conception. A., Paternal and Maternal Causes of, those due to diseases of the father or of the mother respectively. A., Spontaneous, that not induced by artificial means. Abortionist (ab-or'-shun-ist) [abortus, a miscarriage]. One who criminally produces abortions; especially one who follows the business of producing abortions. Abortive {ab-or' -tiv) [abortus, a miscarriage]. Pre- maturely born ; coming to an untimely end ; incom- pletely developed ; cutting short the course of a dis- ease; abortifacient. A. Epilepsy. 'Sie.e. Epilepsy. Abortus [ab-or'-tus) [L.]. An aborted fetus ; the fruit of an abortion. Aboulia (ah-boo'-le-nli). 'ase. Abulia. Aboulomania [ah-boo-lo-ma'-ne-ah) . See Abulomania: Ab ovo {ab o'-vo) [L.]. In biology, from the egg; from the beginning. Abrachia [ah-bra'-ke-ah) [a. priv. ; iSpax'uJV, arm]. The condition of an armless monster. In biology, without anterior limbs. Abrachiocephalia {ah-bra-ke-o-sef-a' -le-aK) [a priv. ; PpaxM", arm; /CEi^o/'i^, head]. Absence of head and arms from a fetus. Abrachius {ah-bra' -he-US'). A monster without arms. See Abrachia. Abrade {a-brad') [abradere, to rub off]. To remove by friction or chafing ; to roughen by friction. Abranchia {ah-brang'-ie-ah) [a priv. ; Ppdyxia, gills]. In biology, a name given to several different groups of animals that have no gills. Abrasio (ab-ra' -ze-6) [L.]. An abrasion. A. corneae, operative removal of the epithelium of the cornea because of diseased conditions. Abrasion (ab-ra' -zhun) [abrasio : ab, priv.; radere, to rub] . Excoriation of the cutaneous or mucous surface by mechanical means. In dentistry, the wearing away of the dentine and enamel, or the cutting edges Of the teeth, whether by mechanical or chemical means. Abrasor [ab-ra'-zor) [L. "abrader"]. A surgeon's rasp or xyster; any file or instrument used in the surgical or dental abrasion of a surface ; also, a rasp used in pharmacy. Abric Acid {a'-brik as'-id). See Acid. Abrin [a'-brin] . I . The chemical ferment or poisonous principle of jequirity, erroneously Supposed to be due to a specific microbe. See Bacillus of jequirity oph- thalmia in Table of Bacteria. 2. A vegetable albu- minoid employed in the study of immunity. Abroma [ak-bro' -mah) [h priv.; ^pufioQ, a stink]. A genus of sterculiaceous trees. A. augusta, of S. Asia, affords a milky juice, esteemed in dysmenorrhea. Unof. Abrotanum [ab-rot'-an-um] [afipbrmov, an aromatic plant]. The plant called Southern Wood, Artemisia abrotanum. See Artemisia. Abrupt {ab-rupt') [abruptus, broken off ']. In biology, terminating suddenly ; truncated. Abruption [ab-rup' -shuri) [abruptio, from ab, and rum- pere, to break]. I. A rupture or tearing asunder. 2. A transverse fracture. Abrus (a'-brus) [d/3p(if, pretty]. Jequirity; Indian Licorice. The seeds oi A . precatorius, or Wild Licor- ice. Properties are thought to be due to the presence of certain ferments. Non-sterilized infusions applied to the conjunctiva or to any mucous surface induce violent purulent inflammation with growth of false mem- brane. It is used in producing artificial conjunctivitis. A. Infusum : semina iij, aqua dest. ^ ss. Macerate and add aq. _^ss. All unofficial. Abri Liquor, strength 12 per cent. ; dilute with 3 to 5 times its bulk of water and apply 2 drops daily. Abri Pasta, I in 4 ; used with caution in affections of the skin. Abscess (ab'-ses) [abscesstts, a departure or separation — of the matter]. A pus-formation within some cavity of the body, the result of localized inflammation. According to location, abscesses are named Dorsal, Iliac, Mammary, Ischio-rectal, Peri-typhlitic , Retro- pharyngeal, Urethral, etc. A., Alveolar, abscess in the gum or alveolus. A., Atheromatous. See Endarter- itis, Chronic. A. of Brain, due to local injury, or to suppurative inflammation near or distant, such, especially, as diseases of the ear. The symptoms are those of pressure, impaired function of the part affected, meningitis, headache, optic neuritis, etc. A., Bursal, abscess in the bursse, the most frequent being in the bursse patellae, commonly called Housemaid' s Knee. A., Canalicular, mammary abscess that communicates with a milk duct. A., Caseous, one that contains cheesy materials. A., Chronic, or Cold Abscess, one of slow and apparently non-inflammatory development, usually about a bone, joint, or gland. A., Cold. See A., Chronic. A., Congestive, the pus appears at a point distant from where it is formed. A., Constitu- tional, due to some systemic disorder. A., Critical, occurring at some critical period of an acute disease. A., Embolic, formed in the clot of an embolism. A., Fecal, one developing in the rectum or large intestine. A., Gangrenous, one attended with death of adjacent parts. A., Lacunar, one in the lacunte of the urethra. A., Metastatic. See Pyemia. A., Miliary. See ABSCESSION 21 ABSTRACTION Pyemia. A., Milk, or A., Mammary, one in the female breast. A., Multiple. See Pyemia. A., Ossifluent. See Ossifluent. A., Perforating, one perforating the cornea, the lung, or other containing wall. A., Phlegmonous, an acute A. A., Point- ing of, the point where the abscess tends to break through its external confining wall. A., Psoas, one arising from disease of the lumbar, or lower dorsal vertebrae, the pus descending in the sheath of the psoas muscle, and usually pointing beneath Poupart's liga- ment. A., Pyemic. SeS Pyemia. A., Residual, about the products of some old result of inflammation. A. Root, the root of Polemcmium Reptans. Alterative, astringent and expectorant. Dose of fld. ex. g ss-ij. Unof. A., Shirt Stud, retro-mammary abscess concur- rent with a subintegumentary abscess, the two sacs communicating by means of a sinus. A., Stercora- ceous. See Fecal A. A., Symptomatic, one indicative of some other affection. A., Thecal, in the sheaths of tendons. A., Tropical, acute hepatitis terminating in suppuration and abscess formation. A., Tubercular. Same as A., Cold. Abscession (a^-jW/i-^-w^z) [aiJjffjjzo, -departure] . I. An abscess ; a critical discharge. 2. Metastasis. Abscissae {ab-sis'-se) [ab, away; scindere, to cut]. The transverse lines cutting vertical ones at right angles, to show by a diagram the relations of two series of facts, as, e. g., the number of pulse-beats, or the temperature record in given periods of time. Abscission {ab-sish'-un) [a^, from; scindere, \.o cut]. Removal of a part, as the prepuce, or a fractured bone, by cutting. Applied particularly to a surgical opera- tion upon a staphylomatous cornea, in which the bulging portion is excised, the parts brought together so that the posterior and chief part of the globe forms a "stump" for an artificial eye. In biology, a terra applied to that mode of detachment of spores in fungi which consists in the disorganization of the zone con- necting the spores with the hypha. Absconsio (ab-skon'-se-o) \_abscondere, to hide]. A sinus or cavity whether normal or pathological. Absence (of mind) (ab'-sens) [absentia, absence]. Inattention to surroundings; in marked instances it may be a result of central lesions. It is often seen in epileptics and melancholiacs. Absentia epileptica {ab-sen'-she-ah ep-il-ep'-tik-ah). Brief losses of consciousness occurring in the mild form of epilepsy. Absinthe (^ab'-sintli or ab-sanf). Sts Absinthium. Absinthin {ab-sin' -thin) [absinthium^. A bitter and crystalline principle obtainable from wormwood. See Absinthium. Absinthism {ab-sinth' -izm) . A disease similar to alco- holism, the result of the excessive use of absinthe. It is characterized by general muscular debility and men- tal disturbances, which may proceed to convulsions, acute mania, general softening of the brain, or general paralysis. Absinthium {ab-sinth'-e-um) [L.]. Wormwood. The leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium. Contains a volatile oil and an intensely bitter principle, .^te'wrtw, ^20^280*' 'which is a narcotic poison. A. increases cardiac action, produces tremor and epileptiform con- vulsions. Dose gr. xx-xl, in infusion. Used as a stomachic tonic. Absinthe, a French liquor, is an alcoholic solution of the oil exhibited with oils of anise, marjoram, and other aromatic oils. Absinthol [ab-sinth' -ol) , C,„HjgO. The principal con- stituent of oil of wormwood ; it is isomeric with ordin- ary camphor. Absolute Alcohol (ab'-so-lut al'-ko-hol^ . See Alcohol. Absorb (absorb') [ab, from ; sorbere, to suck up] . In physiology, to suck up or imbibe, as the imbibition performed by the lacteals in the body. Absorbent {ab-sor' -bent) [absorbere, to suck in]. In physiology, an organ or part that absorbs, withdraws, or takes up. A term applied to the Lacteals and Lymphatics, q. v. In materia medica, a drug or medi- cine that produces absorption or exudation of diseased tissue. In surgery, a substance that mechanically takes up excreted matter, as A. Cotton, A. Sponge, etc. A. Glands. See Lymphatics. A. System, the lacteals and lymphatics, with their associated glands. Absorptiometer- i^ab-sorp-te-om'-et-er) [absorption; meter"] . A device for measm-ing the thickness of the layer of liquid that is taken up between two glass plates by capillary attraction. Used in conjunction with a spectro-photometer, it serves as a hematoscope. Absorption (ab-sorp' -shuii) [absorbere, to suck in]. The permeation or imbibition of one body by another. The process whereby nourishment, medicines, morbid products of tissue metamorphosis, etc., are taken up by the lymphatic and venous systems. In ophthalmology the process by which the lens is disintegrated and carried off after the capsule has been ruptured. A. Lines or Bands, the lines of the spectrum, called Fraunhofer's lines; they are dark lines caused by the arrestation or absorption of the ethereal waves of certain lengths and rapidities, mainly by vapors of the sun's atmosphere. A. of Composition, or External Absorption, the taking, up of material by the skin or mucous surfaces. A., Cutaneous, absorption by the skin. A., Disjunctive, the removal of living tissue around a necrosed mass, and its consequent separation from its surroundings. A., Interstitial, the removal by the absorbent system of effete matters. A. Method, to determine whether or not hematuria is due to lesion of the bladder. It is based on the fact that the undenuded surface of the bladder will not absorb foreign sub- stances. Fifteen grains of potassiimi iodid are injected into the bladder, and fifteen minutes later the saliva is examined for iodin. If found, it is an indication of an unhealthy state of the bladder. A., Progressive, atrophy of a part due to pressure. A., Pulmonary, the taking up of oxygen, or of vapors (as of ether), by the lungs. A., Venous, absorption by the veins. Absorptive (ab-sorp' -tiv) [absorbere, to suck in]. Having the power or function of absorbing. Absorptivity (ab-sorp-tiv' -i-te") [absorbere, to suck in] . The power or quality of being absorbent. Abstemiousness {ab-ste' -me-us-nes') [abs, from ; teme~ tum, wine]. Abstinence from wine. Temperance or moderation in matters of diet, Abstention (oi5-jfe»'-j^a«») [abstentio, retention]. An act of abstinence, or of abstaining ; retention ; consti- pation. Abstergent [ab-stcr' -jent") [abs, from ; tergere, to cleanse]. Cleatising, detergent. See Detergent. Abstersive (ab-ster' -siv) [abstersivus]. Abstergent. Abstinence (ab' -stin-ens) [abs, from ; tenere, to hold or keep]. Privation or self-denial in regard to food, liquors, etc. See Fasting. Abstract [ab'-strakt) [abstrahere, to draw away; Ab- stractum; gen., Abstracti: pL, Abstracta]. In phar- macy, a solid preparation in which two parts of the drug are represented by one part of the abstract (which is compounded with milk-sugar). Ab- stracts are double the strength of fluid extracts. They are permanent, but should be kept in a cool place. Abstraction {ab-strak' -shun") [abstractio, a drawing away]. Blood-letting. Also, attention to one idea to the exclusion of others. Generalization or classi- ABSTRACTITIOUS 22 ACANTHOPELVIS fication of the qualities common to the individuals of a group. In pharmacy, the process of distillation. Abstractitious (ab-strak-tish' -us) \abstrahere , to draw away]. Susceptible of being abstracted without change from another substance ; derived or derivable by abstraction. Abstractum [ab-sti-ak' -tutn) \_pl., Abstracta]. An abstract. See Abstract. Abstriction {ab-sirik^ -shun) \_ab, from ; stringere, to bind]. Spore-formation in lower cryptogams charac- terized by decided constriction of the walls at the place of division. Absus (ab'-siis') [L.]. The plant Cassia absus of India and Egypt. Its seeds are locally employed in the treatment of ophthalmia, and are regarded as depura- tive. Unof. Abterminal [ab-ter^ -niin-al^ [a^, from ; terminus^ end] . Passing from tendinous into muscular tissue (used of electric currents). Abulia (ah-bu' -le-aK) \h priv. ; ^avki), will].. Loss or defect of will power. Abulic {ah-bu' -lik) . Characterized by or affected with abulia ; of defective will-power. Abulomania {ah-bu-lo-rna.' -ne-a)i) [a priv. ; /3ow^^, will ; fiavia, madness] . A disease of the mind charac- terized by imperfect or lost will-power. Abumbrella (a^-« Acephalobrachia {ah-sef-al-o-bra' -ke-aK) [d priv. ; Kzi^akii, head; ^paxiuv, arm]. In teratology, absence of the head and arms. Acephalobrachius {ah-sef-al-o-bra' -he-US') [d ; Ks^a'Kij ; Ppax'^(^^. A monster with neither head nor arms. Acephalocardia {ah-sef-al-o-kar' -de-ah) [d priv. ; /ce^a/l^, head ; xapS'ia, heart] . Absence of the head and heart. Acephalocardius (ah-sef-al-o-kar' -de-us) [d ; Ksi^Xi) ; Kap6ld\ . A monster with neither head nor heart. Acephalochiria {ah-sef-al-o-ki' -re-ah) [d priv. ; Ks^a'Aii, head ; X^'-Py hand] . Absence of the head and hands. Acephalochirus [ah-sef ' -al-o-ki' -rus^ [See Acephalo- chiria']. A monster with neither head nor hands. Acephalocyst [ah-sef ' -al-o-sist) [d priv.; Kea?ir/, head ; Kiarig, a bladder] . The bladder-worm. A headless, sterile hydatid, found in the liver and other organs. A. racemosa, the hydatid mole of the uterus. Acephalogaster {ah-sef-al-o-gas' -ter) [d/ce^aWf, head- less ; yoBTtip, belly] . A monster with neither head nor stomach. Acephalogasteria [ah-sef-al-o-gas-te' -re-ah) . Absence of the head and stomach. See Acephalogaster. Acephalophoran [ah-sef-al-off' -o-ran) [d priv. ; Ks^aXi], head; ^ipeiv, to bear]. In biology, a member of DeBlainville's group of molluscs, Acephalophora. Acephalopodia [ah-sef-al-o-po' -de-ah) [d priv. ; fce^aXiy, head ; iroiif, foot]. Absence of the head and feet. Acephalopodius [ah-sef-al-o-po' -de-us) . A monster with neither head nor feet. See Acephalopodia. Acephalorrhachia [ah-sef-al-o-ra' -ke-aK) [d priv. ; Ke^akii, head ; 'pa-xi-i< spine] . Absence of the head and vertebral column. Acephalostomia [ah-sef-al-o-:'o'--me-ah) [d priv. ; Kz^aKrj, head ; ard/ia, mouth] . Absence of the head, with a mouth-like opening on the superior aspect. Acephalostomus [ah-sef-at-os' -to-mus) [dpriv.; /ce^o/l.//; aT6fia\. A monster with no head, but with a mouth- like aperture. See Acephalostomia. Acephalothoracia [ah-sef-al-o-tho-ra' -se-aK) [d priv. ; KZ^aki], head ; Siypa^, chest] . Absence of the head and thorax. Acephalothorus [ah-sef-al-Oj-.tho' -rus) . A monster without head or thorax. See Acephalothoracia. Acephalous [ah-sef ' -al-us) [d/cefi«A(if, headless] . Head- less. Acephalus (3^-Ji!/'''-a/-Kj) [d priv. ; Ke^aAi^, head] . I. A species of omphalositic monsters characterized by complete absence of the head and usually of the upper extremities. It is the cammonest condition among the omphalosites, 2. A variety of the above species marked by the highest form of development. The head is absent, but there is at least one superior extremity, and the thorax is generally fairly well- developed. Acer [a'-ser). A genus of sapindaceous trees and shrubs; the maples. A. saccharinum, the Sugar Maple of North America, affords a large commercial supply of sugar. A. rubrum, the Red Maple, has an astringent inner bark. A. pennsylvanicum. Striped Maple, is said to be antemetic and alterative. Unof, Aceras [as'-er-as) [d priv.; nipa^, horn, spur]. A genus of orchids. A. anthropophora (green-man, man-orchid) has sudorific leaves, and the bulbs are used as salep. Unof. Acerates («j-f?--3''-/to) [dpriv. ; /cepaf, horn]. A genus of asclepiadaceous plants, regarded by some as a sec- tion of the genus Gomphocarpus, A. decumbens , of New Mexico, is said to cure snake bites. A. longi- folia, of the U. S., is diaphoretic. Unof. Aceratophorous [ah-se-ra-tof -o-rus) [d priv. ; Klpag, horn ; (pipeiv, to bear] . In biology, hornless, muley. Cf. Acerous. Aceratosis [n k-ser-at-o' -sis) [d priv.; K(pa^, horn]. Deficiency or imperfection of corneous tissue. Acerb [a-serb') \_acerbus, bitter]. Having a bitter, astringent and pungent taste ; as certain drugs. Acerbity [a-serb' -it-e) [^acerditas, sharpness, sourness]. Acidity combined with astringency. Aceric [as-er'-ik) [acer, a maple tree] . Pertaining to, or found in the maple ; as aceric acid. Aceride [as'-er-id) [d priv.; cera, wax]. An oint- ment or plaster containing no wax. Acerose [as'-er-os) \_acus [acer), chaff]. In botany, chaffy ; needle-shaped, as pine needles. Acerotous [ah-ser' -o-tus) [dpriv.; /C7p(if, wax]. Con- taining no wax ; said of ointments and plasters. Acerous [as'-er-us) [d priv. ; idpag, a horn]. In biology, having undeveloped, minute, or no horns or antennae ; aceratophorous. Acervate [as-er'-vat) \_acervatus, p.p. of acervare, to heap upon] . In biology, growing in heaps or clusters. Acervuline [as-er'-vu-Hn) [acervidus, a heap] . Agmi- nated, or aggregated; as certain mucous glands. Acervulus, or Acervulus cerebri [as-er' -vu-lus ser'- e-bri). Concretionary matter near the ba.se of the pineal gland, consisting of alkaline phosphates and carbonates, with amyloid matter ; brain-sand. Acescerce [as-es'-ens) [«cff(r«r, to grow sour] . I. The process of becoming sour ; the quality of being ACESCENCY 26 ACETYLENE somewhat sour. 2. A disease of wines, whereby they become sour owing to the agency of mycoderma aceti. Acescency (as-es'-en-se). See Acescence. Acescent [as-es'-ent) [acescere, to become sour]. Some- what acid or tart ; acidulous. Aceta (as-e'-ta/i). Plural of Acetum, q. v. Acetable [as-et'-a-bl) [acetabulum, a small cup]. An old name for the acetabulum. Acetabular (as-et-ab'-u-lar) [acetabulum, a small cup]. Pertaining to the acetabulum. Acetabuliferous (as-et-ab-u-lif -er-us) [acetabulum, a small cup; ferre, to bear]. Having suckers, as the arms of cuttle-fishes and squids. Acetabuliform (as-et-ab' -u-le-form) [acetabulum, a. small cup ; forma, form] . Having the form of the acetab- ulum, or of a shallow cup ; cotyloid, or glenoid. Acetabuluin [as - et - ab' - u - lum) [L. , a small cup or measure]. In biology, any cup -shaped cavity or organ. The articulating cavity of the head of the femur, or the leg of an insect ; one of the suckers on the arms of cephalopods, or on the scolex of a tape- worm ; the receptacle of certain fungi and lichens. Acetal [as'-et-al) [acetum, vinegar], CgHj^O^. Ethi- dene diethylate, a colorless, mobile liquid, with an ethereal odor, produced by the imperfect oxidation of alcohol under the influence of platinum black. Spar- ingly soluble in water; boils at 104° C. ; sp. gr. at 20° is 0.8304. Its action is that of a soporific. Dose jj. Acetaldehyd (as-et-al' -de-hid) . The normal aldehyd ; ethaldehyd. See Aldehyd. Acetals {as^ -et-alz) [acetum, vinegar]. Products of the combination of aldehyds with the alcohols at 100° C. Acetamid [as-et'-am-id), QH^NO. A white crystal- line solid produced by distilling ammonium acetate, or by heating ethyl acetate with strong aqueous ammonia. It combines with both acids and metals to form unstable compounds. Acetanilid (as-et-an'-il-id), CgHgNO. A white, crys- talline solid. Produced by boiling anilin and glacial acetic acid together for several hours ; the crystalline mass is then distilled. It melts at 114° and boils at 295°. It is soluble in hot water, alcohol and ether. Under the name antifebrin it is prescribed as an anti- pyretic. Dose gr. iij-xv. Acetarium {as-et-a^ -re-imi) [gen.,Acetarii: pl.,Aceta- ria']. A pickle or salad. A. Scorbuticum, apickle containing leaves of scurvy-grass or other anti-scor- butic plants ; used in the treatment of scorbutic cases. Unof. Acetary [as'-et-a-re) [acetum, vinegar]. An obsolete or rare name for a sour pulpy substance found in pears and some other fruits ; often enclosed within a congeries of calculous granules. Acetate [as'-et-at) [acetum, vinegar]. Any salt of acetic acid. A. of Lead, plumbi acetas. See Plumbum. Acetic [as-e'-tik) [acetum, vinegar]. Pertaining to acetum or vinegar ; sour. See Acid, Acetic. A. Fer- mentation, the development of acetic acid by the activity of the Mycoderma aceti. Acetin (as'-et-in) [acetum, vinegar]. A chemical com- pound formed by the union of glycerin and acetic acid. Acetolatum, [as-et-o-la' -tuni) [gen., Acetolati : pi., Ace- tolata']. Distilled vinegar, variously aromatized or medicated. Acetolature [as-et-ol' -at-Ur) [acetolaturum\. Any acetous tincture, or medicated vinegar. Acetometer (as-et-om' -et-er) [acetum, vinegar ; fiixpov, measure] . An instrument used in the quantitive de- termination of acetic acid. Acetometry {as-et-om' -et-re) [acetum, vinegar ; iihpov, measure]. The quantitive estimation of the amount of acetic acid in vinegar. Usually made by an aceto- meter. Acetone {as' -et-oti) [ace/um, vinegar'], C^HgO. Dime- thyl Ketone. A colorless, mobile liquid, of peculiar odor and burning taste ; present in crude wood-spirit ; it occurs in small quantities in the blood and in normal urine, and in considerable quantities in the urine of diabetics. Like methyl alcohol it is miscible in all proportions with ether, alcohol, and water. It is an excellent solvent for resins, gums, camphor, fats, and gun-cotton. Acetones [as'-et-onz) . A class of compounds that may be regarded as consisting of two alcoholic radicals united by the group CO, or as aldehyds in which hy- drogen of the group COH has been replaced by an alcoholic radical. Acetonemia (as-et-o-ne' -me-ah) [acetone : alfia, blood.] The presence of acetone in the blood. It may re- sult from a number of diseases, but is characteristic of chronic diabetes, and is associated with dyspnea, sub- normal temperature, lowered pulse-rate, etc. The patient finally falls into coma. The treatment consists in increasing the secretions and by removing the causes of the diseases. Acetonuria [as-et-on-u' -re-ak) [acetone ; oiipov, urine] . The presence of acetone in the urine. Acetophenone {as-et-o-fe'-non'), C8H5(CO)(CH3). "Hypnone;" a hypnotic and antiseptic. Without satisfactory action. Dose n\,iv-xv. It results from the action of zinc methyl upon benzoyl chlorid. Crystal- lizes in large plates, melts at 20.5°, and boils at 202°. Acetosella (flj-fZ-o-j^/'-aA) . See Oxalis acetosella. Acetous {as-e'-tus) [acetum, vinegar] . Like or resem- bling vinegar ; pertaining to, or charged with vinegar or acetic acid. Acetoxim {as-et-oks' -im) , (CH3)2C.N.OH. A com- pound formed by the action of hydroxylamin upon acetone ; readily soluble in water, alcohol and ether ; fuses at 60°, boils at 135°- Acetoxims {as-et-oks' -imz). See Aldoxims. Acetphenetidin [as-et-fe-net'-id-in). See Phenacetin. Acetum, {as-e'-tum) [gen., Aceta: pi., Aceti]. [L.]. Vinegar. An impure, dilute acetic acid produced by acetous fermentation of wine, cider, or other fruit-juice. See Fermentation. In pharmacy, a solution of the active principles of certain drugs in dilute acetic acid. There are four oflicial aceta, each of which contains the solu- ble principles of ten per cent, of its weight, viz., of lobelia, opium, sanguinaria, and squill ; the acetum of cantharides is official in Great Britain. A. aromat- icum (N. F.) ["aromatic vinegar"], a mixture of alcohol, water and acetic acid, aromatized with the oils of rosemary, lavender, juniper, peppermint, cassia, lemon and cloves. A. britannicum, an aromatic vinegar consisting of glacial acetic acid 600.0, cam- phor 60.0, oil of cloves 2.0, oil of cinnamon I.o, oil of lavender 0.5. Acetyl {as'-et-il) [acetum, vinegar], (C2H3O). A uni- valent radical supposed to exist in acetic acid and its derivatives. Aldehyd may be regarded as the hydrid and acetic acid as the hydrate, of acetyl. A. Peroxid, (C2H30)202, a thick liquid, insoluble in water, but readily dissolved by ether and alcohol. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is decomposed in sunlight and explodes violently when heated. Acetylene {as-et'-il-ln) [acetum, vinegar], CjHj. A colorless gas, with a characteristic and very unpleas- ant odor, burning with a luminous, smoky flame. Illuminating gas contains a small amount of it. . Formed by the imperfect combustion of illuminating gas and other hydrocarbons. The acetylene series of hydrocarbons has the general formula, C„ Hj„_2. ACHE 27 ACHROODEXTRIN Ache {ak) [A. S., acan, to ache]. Any continuous or throbbing pain. Ache {atch) [Er.]. An old, or local name for common parsley. See Apium. Acheilia (ah-kV -le-aK) [a priv. ; ;);e2Aof, a. lip]. The congenital absence of lips. Acheilous (ah-ki'-lm) [a priv.; ;f£Uof, a lip]. Born without lips ; affected with acheilia. Acheiria [ah-kV -re-aK) [d priv.; ;i;£ip, a hand] . The congenital absence of hands. Acheirous {ah-ki'-rus) [d priv. ; x^'i-Pt a hand]. Af- fected with acheiria; born without hands. Acheinis {ah-ki'-rus) . An acheirous person, or fetus ; one who was born without hands. Achene {a-kln'). Same as Achenium. Achenium (ah-ke' -ne-unC) [d priv. ; ;|;ajvew, gape : //., Achenia\ . In biology, a small, dry, one-seeded, in- dehiscent fruit. Achenocarp, or Achsenocarp {ah-ke' -no-karp) [d priv. ; ;(;fflivEiv, to gape ; /cap7ri5f, fruit] . In biology, any dry fruit, not opening spontaneously when ripe. See Achenium. Achenodium (ak-en-o' -de-uni) [L.]. A cremocarp or double achenium, as produced by some umbelliferous plants. See Achenium. Achetous, or Achaetous {ah-ke'-tus) [d priv. ; ;i;air7, hair]. In biology, lacking setse, chsetse, or bristles. Achilla [ah-ki' -le-ah\. See Acheilia. Achillea {ak-il-e' -afi) [Achilles, its reputed discoverer]. Milfoil, Yarrow. Theherh A. millefolium. Properties due to a bitter, aromatic, astringent, tonic extractive, achillein, and a volatile oil. It has long been used as a vulnerary, and has been highly recommended for intermittents, and in low, exanthematous fevers. Dose §j-Oj infusion ad lib.; of the extractive, 3J-iij; of the volatile oil, gtt. v-xv. Unof. To the genus Achillea belong various other unofficial medicinal plants, as A. moschata, of the Alps, used in preparing cordials and a diaphoretic medicine, and A. ptarmica, or sneezewort, a strong sialagogue. Achillein [ak-iV-e-in) \achilleinuni\ gen., Achilleini\. An extractive from Achillea millifolium. See Achillea. Achilles TenAon {ak-il'-lz ten'-don). See Tendon. Achillodynia (ah-il-o-din'-e-a/i) [Achilles; oddv?/, pain]. Pain referred to the insertion of the tendo-Achillis, sometimes with apparent swelling of the tendon and of the OS calcis. Achilous [ah-ki' -lus). See Acheilous. Achiote [a-che-o'-te) . See Annotto. Achiria {ah-ki' -re-aK). See Acheiria. Achirous {ah-ki'-rus). See Acheirous. Achirus {ah-ki'-rus). See Acheirus. Achlatnydeous {ak-lam-id' -e-us) [d priv.; ;i;^/i{if, a cloak) . In biology, flowers lacking calyx, corolla, or perianth. Achlorophyllous {ah-klo-ro-Jil'-us) [d priv.; x^P^i< green ; ipUXXm, leaf ] . In biology, without chlorophyll, or leaf-green. Achloropsia {ah-klo-rop'-se-ah) [d priv. ; x^P^ii green ; iipiQ, vision]. Green-blindness. P^ciAys {ak'-lis) [ax^'oQ, gloom, mist]. Cloudiness of the cornea. Achne {ak'-ne) [d;fi;)7, anything shaved off]. I. Lint, or charpie; floss. 2. Mucus upon the eye. Acholia {ah-ko'-le-ah) [d priv. ; x^^V^ bile]. Non-secre- tion or non-excretion of bile. Acholic [ah-kol-'ik) [d ; X"^''!'] • Affected with acholia. Acholous {ak'-o-lus) [d priv. ; x"^'/! bile] . Pertaining to or affected with acholia. Achondroplasia {ah-kon-dro-pla' -se-ah) [d priv.; x^'^- i^pog, cartilage ; irMaaei-v, to form] . Lack of devel- opment in a cartilaginous structure ; the absorption of cartilage during its transformation into bone. Achondroplasy {ah-kon' -dro-pla-se) [d priv. ; x^^P^it cartilage ; irTiAaaeiv, to form] . Lack of the normal development of cartilage. Parrot's term for a form of fetal rickets in which the limbs are short, the curves of the bones exaggerated, and there is an absence of the proliferating zone of cartilage at the junction of the epiphyses. The children are generally still-born. This condition is very much like a fetal cretinism. Achor, {a'-kor) [axi^p, chaff, scurf, or dandruff': pi., Achores {a-kor'-ez)']. Crusta lactea. A small pustule, followed by a scab, upon the heads of infants. Achordal {ah-kor' -dal) [d priv. ; x^P^lt cord]. Not derived from the notochord. Achorion {a-ko' -re-on) [dim. of axi^p, chaff]. A genus including several species of fungous (or fimgoid) organisms (possibly modified forms of Penicillium glaucum) , found in the skin, especially the hair fol- licles. A. keratophagus , the form causing Onycho- mycosis, q. V. A. lebertii, the parasite of Tinea tonsurans. A. schonleinii, the species occurring in ringworm or Tinea favosa. PLChiosi {ah-kro'-ah). See Achroia. Achroia [ah-kroi'-ah). Same as Achroma, q. v. Achroicythemia {ah-kroi-si-the' -me-aK) . Same as Achroiocythemia. See also Oligochromemia. Achroiocythemia [ak-kroi-o-si-ihe' -me-ah) , or Achroe- ocythsemia {ah-kre-o-si-the' -me-ah) [d;fpotof, color- less ; tchrog, cell ; alfia, blood] . A deficiency of hemoglobin in the red blood corpuscles ; also, the diseased state that is associated with such deficiency. Achroleucous {ah-kro-lu' -kus) \h,xpoog, pale; /Uu/cdf, white] . Yellowish- white, dull cream color. Achroma {ah-kro' -mah) [d priv.; jpu/in, color]. Ab- sence of color. Pallor. Paleness, from whatsoever cause. A., Congenital. See Albinism. A. Cutis. See Leucoderma. Achromasia {ah-kro-ma' -ze-aK). See Achroma. Achromatic (al'-kro-mat'-ik) [d priv.; XP'-'H^t color]. Pertaining to achroma ; without color. A. Lens, one the dispersing power of which is exactly neutralized by another lens having the same curvature but of unequal refractive index. See also Aberration and Objective. A. Triplet. See Microscope. Achromatin [ah-kro' -mat-in) [d priv.; ;t;/36)^a, color]. The substance in the nucleus of a cell prior to division. So called because not readily stained by coloring agents. See Cell Body. A. of Flamming. See Paralinin. Achromatism ( ah-kro' -mat-izm ) [d priv. ; XP'^H^^ color] . Absence of chromatic aberration. Achromatopsia [ah-kro-mat-op' -se-ah) [d priv. ; ;fpu/io, color ; fii/>(f , eyesight] . Color-blindness ; Daltonism ; dyschromatopsia. Achromatosis [ah-kro-mat-o'-sis) [d priv. ; XP"/^'^i color]. Any disease characterized by deficiency of pigmentation in the integumentary tissues. Achromatous [ah-kro' -mat-us) [d priv.; xp^/^'^t color]. Deficient in color. Achromia [ah-kro'-me-ah) [d priv.; xp'^f^"'! color]. Albinism ; achroma. Achromodermia [ah-kro-mo-der' -me-ah) [d priv. ; Xpa/ia, color; /iepfia, skin]. An albinotic, or color- less state of the skin. Achromophilous [ah-kro-mof -il-us) [d priv.; ;fp6)^a, color; ^ikzlv, to love]. Not readily stained; not chromophilous. Achromotrichia [ah-kro-mo-irik' -e-ah) [d priv. ; xp^f^t color ; ftpi'f, hair]. Absence of pigment from the hair. Achromous [ah-kro' -mus) [d priv.; ;i;pa)jUa, color]. Pale, colorless ; having no color. Achroodextrin [ah-kro-o-deks' -trin) [axpoog, colorless ; dexter, right] . A reducing dextrin fonned by the action ACHYLIA 28 ACID of the diastatic ferment of saliva upon starch or gly- cogen. It is a modification of dextrin that may be precipitated by alcohol, and is not altered by ptyalin, nor colored by iodin. Achylia {ah-ki^ -le~aK) [a priv. ; x^'^^^i juice]. Absence or deficiency of juice, or of chyle. Achylosis (ah-ki-lo' -sis) [d priv. ; x^^Qi juice]. De- ficient chylification. Achy lous (a^-^';''-/«i) [d priv.; ;t'i)/l(if, juice]. Without chyle ; deficient in chyle or juice. Achymosis [ah-ki-mo' -sis) [d priv. ; x^H-^i^ chyme] . Deficient chymification. Achyranthes {ah-ki-ran^ -tkez) \_axvpov, chaff; avQoQ^ a flower]. A genus of amyrantaceous plants. A. calea, of Mexico, is febrifugal. A. repens, of Europe and the United States, is diuretic. Unof. Acicula {as-ik' -u-lah) [dim. of acus, a needle]. In biology, a spine, bristle, or prickle; the bristle-like flower of a grass. Acicular (as-ik' -u-lar) [acus, a needle]. Needle-like. Aciculum [as-ik' -u-him) [dim. of acus, a needle : J>1., Acicula']. In biology, one of the slender sharp bristles in the rudimentary limbs of some worms. Aciculus [as-ik' -u-lus) [acus, a needle]. In biology, a stout bristle or prickle. Acid [as' -id ) [acere, to be sour] . A name loosely applied to any substance having a sour taste. A com- pound of an electro-negative element with one or more atoms of hydrogen which can be replaced by electro- positive or basic atoms. Acids vary in their termina- tions according to the quantity of. oxygen or other electro-negative constituent. Those having the maxi- mum of oxygen end in -ic ; those of a lower degree in -ous. Where there are more than two combinations the preposition hyper- is prefixed to the highest, and hypo- to the lowest. Acids that end in -ic, as sul- phurzV acid, form salts terminating in -ate ; those end- ing in -ous form salts terminating in -ite. Physiologic- ally, acids in concentrated form act as caustics ; diluted and in medicinal doses they check acid-producing and increase alkaline secretions. A., Abietic. See Abietic. A., Abric (Cj2H24N30), a crystallizable acid, said to exist in jequirity. A., Aceric, found in the juice of Acer campestre, the common English maple. A., Acetic, an acid solution composed of 36 parts of absolute acetic acid (C^H^Oj), and 64 parts water. Has strong acid properties. Miscible with water and alcohol. A., Acetic, Glacial, the absolute acid in crystalline form. An escharotic. A., Acetic, Dilute, contains six per cent, of absolute acid. Dose 5J-ij. An impure form obtained by the destructive distilla- tion of wood is known as wood vinegar, or pyrolig- neous acid. A., Acetic, Test. See Tests, liable of. A., Aconitic (CgHjOg), occurs in different plants, as Aconitum napellus, sugar cane, and beet-roots. It may be obtained by heating citric acid alone or with concen- trated HCl. It crystallizes in small plates, that dissolve readily in alcohol, ether and water, and melt at i86°-7°. An acid found in aconite. A., Adibasic. See A., Suberic. A., Adipic (CjHi„0^), . obtained by oxidizing fats with nitric acid. Crystallizes in sixining leaflets, or prisms ; soluble in thirteen parts of cold water ; melts at 148°. It is dibasic and diatomic. A., Agaricic (CibH^jOj -f HjO), a resin acid obtained from the fungus I'clyporus officinalis, growing on larch trees. The acid has been recommended for the checking of night-sweats. It also checks the other excretions and diminishes thirst. It is mildly cathartic. Unof. A., Alanthic (CjjHjdOj), Jnulic acid, found in Inula helcniuin. Occurs in needle-like crystals. A., Aldepalmitic (CuHjqOj), the chief component of the butter of the cow. A., Alginic. See Algiii. A., Alloxanic [C^K^TSIfi^), a crystalline acid, obtained by treating alloxan with alkalies. A., Alpha-oxy- naphthoic (CjjHjOj) , a fragrant crystalline acid, de- rived from alpha-naphthol. It is strongly antiseptic and deodorant ; useful in wound-dressing ; but appears to be toxic when taken by the stomach, Unof. A., Alphatolinic. See ..4., Phenyl-acetic. A., Amalic (C8(CH3)^N40,), [d|Un/l(if, weak], tetramethylalloxan- tin, formed by the action of HNO3, or chlorine water, upon thein, or, better, by the reduction of dimethyl alloxan with HjS. Consists of colorless, sparingly soluble crystals, that impart a red color to the skin. A., Amido-acetic. See Glycin. A., Amido- benzoic (CjH^NO,), occasionally found in the urine. A., Amido-succinamic, same as Asparagin. A., Angelic (CjHgOj), a crystalline monobasic acid. Exists free along with valeric and acetic acids in the roots of Angelica archangelica, and as butyl and amyl esters in Roman oil of cumin. Crystallizes in shining prisms, melts at 45°, and boils at 185°. It has a peculiar smell and taste. A., Anisic (CgHjOj), obtained by oxidizing anisol and anethol with HNO3, and from aniseed by the action of oxidizing substances. Crys- tallizes from hot water in long needles, from alcohol in rhombic prisms; melts at 185°, boils at 280°. It is antiseptic and antirheumatic. A., Anthranilic (C,- H,N02), prepared by oxidizing indigo by boiling it with manganese dioxid and sodium hydroxid. It sublimes in long needles, is readily soluble in hot water and alcohol, and melts at 144°. A., Anthro- pocholic (CjgHjgOj) [avdpaiTos, man; x^^'!> bile], an acid said to be obtainable from human bile. Its existence is doubtful. A., Anticylic, a white fragrant powder with pleasant acid taste, readily soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerin, used as an antipyretic. Dose gr. yjj. A., Aposorbic (CjHjO,), produced on oxidizing sorbin with HNO3. It crystallizes in small leaflets that melt with decomposition at 1 10°. Easily soluble in water. A., Arabic. See Araiin. A., Arabonic (CjHjuOg), tetraoxyvaleric acid, ob- tained by the action of bromin water or HNO3 upon arabinose. A., Aromatic, a name applied to certain organic acids occurring in the balsams, resins, and other odoriferous principles. Also, in pharmacy, a dilute mineral acid reinforced by aromatic substances in order to modify their flavor. A., Arsenous, and Arsenic. See Arsenic. A., Aspartic (C^HjNOj), occurs in the vinasse obtained from the beet root, and is procured from albuminous bodies in various reactions. It is prepared by boiling asparagin with alkalies and acids. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms, or leaflets, and dissolves with difficulty in water. A., Atrolactinic (CjHjqOj), obtained from acetophenone by means of prussic acid and H2SO4 or dilute HCI. Dissolves very readily in water ; crystallizes with one- half HjO in needles or plates; melts at 91°. A., Atropic (CgHgO.^), results from atropin, tropic acid, and atrolactinic acid when they are heated with con- centrated HCl. Crystallizes from hot water in mono- clinic plates ; is sparingly soluble in cold water, easily in ether and benzene; melts at 106°. A., Auric (Au(OH),,), gold trihydroxid. A. Bath. See Bath. A., Belienolic [C^^ti^fi^), derived from the bromids of erucic and brassidic acids. Melts at 57.5°. A., Benzoic (C,Hj02), occurs free in some resins, chieily in gum benzoin, and in coal tar. It crystal- lizes in white, shining needles, or leaflets, melts at 120°, and distils at 250°. It volatilizes readily, and its vapor possesses a peculiar odor that produces coughing. A., Boric. See Boron. A., Brassidic (CjjH^Oj), isomeric with erucic acid ; produced by the action of nitric acid on erucic acid ; melts at $6°. A., Brenz ACID 29 ACID catechin sulphuric {C5H^(HO)j.O.S02), has been found in human urine, mainly after the ingestion of salicin, hydroquinon, etc. A., Butyric (C^HgO^) \butyrum, butter], an acid having a viscid appearance and rancid smell. It is obtained commercially by the fermentation of a mixture of sugar and butter or cheese in the presence of an alkaline carbonate, but occurs in various plants, in cod-liver oil, in the juice of meats, and in the perspiration. Combined with glycerin as glyceryl butyrate, it is essentially butter. The ether derived from butyric acid is the natural flavor of the pineapple. A., Caffeic (C^HgOj) , obtained when the tannin of coffee is boiled with potassium hydroxid ; crystallizes in yel- low prisms, and is very readily soluble in hot water and alcohol. A., Campholic (Ci^HigOj), produced on distilling camphor over heated soda-lime, or with alcoholic potash ; it melts at 95°, and is a white, vola- tile solid, insoluble in cold water. A., Camphoric (CjoHijO^), a dibasic acid, obtained by boiling camphor with HNO3 ; crystallizes from hot water in colorless leaflets; melts at 178°, and decomposes into water and its anhydrid, Q-^.^^(jZO')j^ . Used in night- sweats of phthisis. Dose gr. x-xxx. A., Catn- phoronic (C3HJ2O54- H2O), produced by the further oxidation of camphoric acid ; it occurs in the mother liquor. Loses its water of crystallization at 100-120° and melts at 135°. It forms colorless microscopic needles that are volatile and readily soluble in water. A., Capric (CgHjgCO.OH) , occurs in small quantity, as a glycerid in cow's butter. Crystallizes in fine needles, melting at 30° C, very insoluble in boiling water. A., CapToic (C5HJJO2), the sixth in the series of fatty acids ; a clear, mobile oil, colorless, inflammable, and with a very acid and penetrating taste. Prepared from butter, cocoanut oil, and various other sources. A., Caprylic (CjHjjCO.OH), an acid combined with glycerin, forming a glycerid existing in various animal fats ; liquid at ordinary temperatures. A,, Carbamic (HjN.CO.OH), an acid not known in the free state ; its ammonium salt is contained in com- mercial ammonium carbonate. The esters of carbamic acid are called urethanes. A., Carbazotic. See A., Picric. A., Carbolic (CgHjOH), Phenol — the correct designation of this substance — is procured from coal tar by fractional distillation. It has a very peculiar and characteristic odor, a burning taste, is poisonous, and has preservative properties. The sp. gr. at 0° is 1 .084 ; it crystallizes in colorless rhombic needles that melt at 42.2°, boiling at 180°, and it is not decomposed upon distillation. At ordinary temperatures it dissolves in water with difilculty (l : 15), but is soluble in alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid, and glycerin in all proportions. Upon exposure to light and air it deli- quesces and acquires a pinkish color. It is used in the manufacture of many of the artificial coloring matters, e. g. , picric acid, used as a yellow dye. Large quan- tities of various qualities of carbolic acid are consumed for antiseptic purposes. It is a powerful antiseptic and germicide, and a violent poison. Internally it is used in vomiting and intestinal fermentation. Dose gr. %-). A., Carb., Aqua, contains 10 drachms of the glycerit to I pint of water. Dose gj-_^ss. A., Carb., Garga- risma grs. ij-,^j, for fetid sore throat. A., Carb., Glycerit, contains acid i , glycerin 4 parts. A., Carb., Liquefactum, (B. P.). Dose tTLJ-ij. A., Carb., Solutions, vary from I to S per cent, in water. A., Carb., Suppos. cum Sapone (B. P.), each contain- ing gr. j of carbolic acid. A., Carb., Unguent, con- tains acid 10, ointment 90 parts. A., Carbol., Injectio Hypoderm., 2-5 per cent. , for anthrax, and erysipelas. A., Carbonic (CO^), carbon dioxid; a product of combustion ; a colorless, transparent, odorless gas, heavier than air ; incapable of sustaining respiration. It is eliminated by the lungs, and when retained in the system gives rise to cyanosis. A., Carminic (Cj,H,80j|)) , coloring matter found in the buds of cer- tain plants, and especially in cochineal, an insect inhabiting different varieties of cactus. It is an amorphous purple-red mass, very readily soluble in water and alcohol. Yields red salts with the alkalies. A., Cathartinic, an active principle from several species of Cassia. It occurs in brown hygroscopic scales. Used as a laxative in doses of gr. iv-vj. A., Cerebrinic (CjgHujNOj), an acid found in the brain and belonging to the group called cerebrinacides. A., Cerotic (Cj^Hj^Oj) [K;?por(if, waxy], a fatty acid, existing in the free state in beeswax, and combined with ceryl as an ether in Chinese wax. It crystallizes from alcohol in delicate needles, melting at 78°. A., Chelidonic (C^H^Oj), occurs together with malic acid in Chelidonium majus. Crystallizes in silky needles with one molecule of water, and melts at 220°. A., Chloracetic \_chlorin and acetic^, an acid, called also Monochloracetic acid, produced by the substitution of chlorin for the hydrogen of the radicle in acetic acid. It is sometimes used as a caustic. A., Chloric (HCIO3), an acid known only in its compounds and its aqueous solution. Some of its compounds, the chlorates, are of great service in medicine. A., Cho- lalic. See A., Cholic. A., Cholic (Cj^H^jOj), Cholalic Acid, from glycocholic and taurocholic acids ; crystallizes from hot water in small anhydrous prisms, sparingly soluble in water, and melting at 195°- A., Choloidinic, derived from Cholalic Acid, and proba- bly a mixture of this with dyslysin ; all three decomposi- tion products of bile acids. A., Chromic, strictly the compound HjCrO^ ; chromium trioxid combined with water; it forms salts called chromates. In most books the chromium trioxid, CrOj, is called by this name. It is a crystalline solid, and is a useful escharotic for the destruction of syphilitic warts and similar growths. A solution of I ; 40 is used as an antiseptic wash for putrid sores and wounds. A., Chrysanisic {C,H5N30j), an acid forming golden- yellow crystals, used in the preparation of certain anilin dyes. It melts at 259° and sublimes.. A., Chrysenic (CjjHjjOg), produced when chrysene is fused with caustic alkali. Forms silver-white leaflets and melts at 186°. A., Chrysophanic (CijHjoOj), Rheinic Acid, exists in the lichen, Parmelia parietina, in senna leaves, and in the rhubarb root. Crystallizes in golden yellow needles or prisms, melting at 162°. SeeCkrysarobin. A.,Cinchoninic (CjHgN (COjH)), produced by oxidizing cinchonin with potassium per- manganate, or HNO3. Crystallizes in needles, con- taining 2H2O, in thick prisms, or plates, with 2H2O; melts at 254°. A., Cinnamic (CgHgOj), occurs in Peru and Tolu balsams, in storax, and in some benzoin resins. Crystallizes from hot water in fine needles, from alcohol in thick prisms ; is odorless, melts at 133° ; soluble in hot water and in alcohol. It has been used in tuberculosis, both internally and externally. Dose TT^j-x,hypodermatically. A., Citric (C^HgO,), occurs free in lemons, black currants, bilberry, beets, and in various acid fruits. It crystallizes with one molecule of water in large rhombic prisms, which melt at 100°, are colorless, inodorous, and extremely sharp in taste. It is used as a discharge in calico-printing. It is refrigerant, antiseptic, and diuretic. A., Comanic (CgHjOj) , obtained fi'om chelidonic acid by the loss of carbon dioxid. It dissolves with difficulty in water ; melts at 250°. A., Comenic (C|.H^O.), is produced by heating meconic acid to 120-200°. It is rather inso- luble in water and crystallizes in hard, warty masses. ACID 30 ACID A., Coumalic (CgHjO^), identical with comanic acid. Produced when malic acid is heated together with concentrated H^SO^ ; dissolves with difficulty in cold water and melts with decomposition at 206°. A., Coumaric (CgHgOj), an acid derived from coumarin and intimately related to salicylic acid, being converted into the latter by fusion with potassium hydrate. A., - Coumarilic (CjHgOj), a monobasic acid obtained from coumarin dibromid ; crystallizes from hot water in delicate needles, melting at 190° ; moderately solu- ble in water and extremely soluble in alcohol. A., Crenic [^^prpirj, a spring], an acid found in certain spring waters and also in vegetable mould and in ochreous deposits. A., Cresolsulphuric (C,H,O.S- Oj.OH), exists in the urine in small traces; also found in the urine of herbivorous animals. A., Cresylic. See Cresol. A., Croconic (CjHjOj), is produced by the alkaline oxidation of most of the hexa- substituted benzene-derivatives ; crystallizes in sul- phur-yellow leaflets, readily soluble in water and alcohol; has an acid taste and reaction. A., Cumic (CjjHjjOj), is produced by the oxidation of cuminic alcohol with dilute HNO3. Very soluble in water and alcohol, crystallizes in colorless needles or leaflets, melts at 116°, and boils at about 290^. A., Cyanic (CONH), obtained by heating polymeric cyanuric acid. It is a mobile, volatile liquid, only stable below 0° ; reacts strongly acid ; has an odor like that of glacial acetic acid ; vesicates the skin ; dissolves in alcohols. A., Cyanuric. See A., Tricyanic. A., Damalic (CijHjjO^), [dd^iioJ^-if, heifer], has been obtained from the urine of cows and horses, and from human urine. A., Datnaluric {Q.^-^^,^) [dd^aAi?, heifer; oiipov, urine], an oily compound, derivable from the urine of cattle and of mankind. A., Desox- alic (C.HgOg), is seen in large, shining crystals, that melt at 85°. A., Diacetic (QHgOj), an acid present in the urine in some diseased conditions, c. g., aceton- uria. With a solution of ferric chorid it gives a Bur- gundy-red color. A., Durylic (Cj^HjjOj), obtained by the oxidation of durene ; crystallizes in hard prisms and melts at 115°. A., Elaidic (Cj^Hj^O^), afattyacid, produced by the action of nitrous acid on oleic acid. Isomeric with the latter. Consists of brilliant leaflets, melting at 44-45°. A., EUagic (Cj^HgOg), occurs in the bezoar stones (an intestinal calculus of the Persian goat) . Occurs in the form of a powder con- taining I molecule of water of crystallization. Insoluble in water; light pale yellow in color; tasteless. A., Enanthylic, or CEnanthylic \u'w6Brt, wine flower, a plant (oiraf , wine ; avBoQ, flower) ; vXji, principle] , a complex ether formed by the action of nitric acid on fatty substances, especially castor oil. A., Erucic (C^jHjjO^), present as glycerid in rape-seed oil and in the fatty oil of mustard. Prepared by saponifying rape-seed oil with lead oxid. Crystallizes from alcohol in long needles that melt at 33-34°. A., Euchroic (CjjHjNjOg), an amid of mellitic acid, produced by dry distillation of the ammonium salt. It crystallizes in large prisms and is sparingly soluble in water. A., Eugenic. See Eugenol. A., Euxanthinic (Ci„H,g- O]]), Porrisic Acid, occurs as a magnesium salt in so-called purrie, a yellow coloring matter from India and China. Crystallizes from alcohol in yellow prisms with HjO. A., Everninic (CgHjdOJ, produced on boiling evemic acid ( Cj,H]jO, ) (from Evernia prunastri, a lichen formerly much used in dyeing and for making a hair powder) , with baryta. It melts at 157°. A., Ferulic (CjdHjjOJ, corresponds to vanillin. It is found in asafetida, from which it may be obtained by precipitation with lead acetate. It is very soluble in hot water, crystallizes in shining needles or prisms, and melts at 169°. A., Filicic, the main ingredient of Male Fern. It is a white crystalline powder with slight taste and odor, insoluble in water. A., Fluoric (HF), gaseous and soluble in water, a strong escharotic. The dilute acid, I : 200, is used as an internal remedy in goiter. Dose Tt^^xx-xxx. A., Formic (CH2O2), an acid obtained from a fluid emitted by ants when irritated ; also found in stinging nettles, in shoots of the pine, and in various animal secretions. Prepared by heating oxalic acid and gly- cerin. It is a colorless, mobile fluid, with a pungent odor, and vesicates the skin if dropped upon it. It boils at 99° and at 0° has a sp. gr. of 1.223. A., Galactonic. See A. , Lactonic. A., Gallic (CjHg- O5), occurs free in gall nuts, in tea, in the fruit of Casalpinia coriaria,TaBXigoss, and various other plants. Obtained from ordinary tannic acid by boiling it with dilute acids. Crystallizes in fine, silky needles, con- taining one molecule of water. Dissolves slowly in water and readily in alcohol and ether ; has a faintly acid, astringent taste ; melts near 220°. Astringent and disinfectant ; useful in night sweats, diabetes, and chronic diarrhea. A., Gallic, Unguent, benzoated lard 90, galhc acid 10. A. , Pyrogallic (unofficial), obtained from gallic acid by heating the latter. Recom- mended locally in phagedenic chancres as an antisep- tic and disinfectant in 1-2^ per cent, solutions. .Dose, internally, gr. j-ij. A., Gluconic (CgHj^O,), is formed by the oxidation of dextrose, cane sugar, dextrin, starch, and maltose with chlorin or bromin water. Most readily obtained from glucose. • It is dextro-rotatory, but does not reduce Fehling's solution. It melts at 200°. A., Glutaric (C^HgOJ, normal pyrotartaric acid. Crystallizes in large monoclinic plates, melts at 97°, and distils at 303°, at 14° soluble in 1.2 part of water. A., Glycocholic (Cj^H^jNOg), a monobasic acid found in bile ; sparingly soluble in water; crystallizes in minute needles, melting at 133°. A., Gly collie (CjH^Oj), Oxyacetic Acid, produced by the action of nascent hydrogen upon oxalic acid. It is a thick syrup that gradually crystallizes on stand- ing over sulphuric acid ; the crystals melt at 80° and deliquesce in the air. It dissolves easily in water, in alcohol, and in ether. A., Glycoluric (CjHgN^Oj), Hydantoic Acid, prepared by heating urea with glycocoll to 120°. It is a monobasic acid ; very soluble in hot water and in alcohol. Crystallizes in large, rhombic prisms. A., Glycuronic (CjHjdOj), obtained by decomposing euxanthic acid on boiling with dilute H2SO4. It is a syrup that decomposes readily into the lactone, CgHgOg, on warming. It is levo-rotatory. This acid has been found in urine ; it probably does not exist in normal urine ; but it appears after taking certain drugs, as benzol, indol, nitro-benzol, and the quinin derivatives. A., Glyoxylic (CjHjGj), obtained by oxidizing glycol, alcohol, and aldehyd. It is a thick liquid, readily soluble in water. Crystal- lizes in rhombic prisms by long standing over sulphuric acid. A., Guanido-Acetic. See Glycocyamin. A., Gynocardic (Cj^HjjOj), derived from the seeds of the Gynocardia odorata. It occurs as a yellowish oily substance melting at 30° C. (86° F.), with a dis- tinct odor and acid taste. Used as an antisyphilitic and antirheumatic. Dose gr. ^-iij . Used externally as a liniment (l to 10 or 20). A., Haloids (as' -id Aal'-oidz), derivatives that arise in the replacement of the hydroxyl of acids by halogens. They are liquids of sharp odor, fuming in the air and undergoing transformation into acids and halo- gen hydrids. They are heavier than water. They decompose at ordinary temperatures, forming acids. A., Hemipinic (CijH,„Oj), formed by oxidizing ACID 31 ACID narcotin with dilute HNO3. Melts at 182°. A., Hesperetinic (CmHijOJ, obtained from the gluco- side hesperidin. Melts at 228°. A., Hippuric (C9H9- NO3) [iTTTTOf , horse ; oipov, urine] , Benzoyl GlycocoU, occurs in considerable amount in the urine of herbi- vorous animals, sometimes in that of man. Crystallizes in rhombic prisms, and dissolves readily in hot water and alcohol. It melts at 187°. Its salts (hippurates of lime, lithium, and sodium) are regarded as good solvents of the urates, and are recommended in gout, rheumatism, and calculous diseases. Dose grs. iv- xvj. Unof. A., Hircic, a peculiar-smelling acid contained in goat's milk. A., Homogentisic, an acid separated by Baumann from highly-colored urine, believed to be formed by the action of bacteria on the tyrosin normally found in pancreatic digestion. A., Homophthalic (CgHgOJ, obtained by fusing gamboge with caustic potash. Crystallizes from hot water in stout prisms, melting at 175°. A., Hydantoic. See A., Glycoluric. A., Hydriodic (HI), Acidum Hydriodicum ; a gaseous acid. Its solution and a syrup prepared from it are used as alter- atives, with the general eft'ects of iodin. Unof. A., Hydrobromic (HBr) ; the dilute acid, which is the chief form used, consists of 10 per cent, acid and 90 per cent, water. A good solvent for quinin. Useful in hysteria, congestive headaches, and neuralgia. Is recommended as a substitute for potassium and sodium bromids. Dose tr\,xx-gij. A., Hydrocaffeic (Cg- HjijOj) , obtained from caffeic acid by the action of sodium amalgam. A., Hydrochloric, Muriatic Acid (HCl), a liquid consisting of 31.9 per cent, of HCl gas in 68. 1 per cent, of water. Colorless, pungent, and in- tensely acid. Valuable as an aid to digestion. A., Hydrochloric, Dilute, a ten per cent, solution of ab- solute acid in water. Dose tt\,iij-x. A., Hydrocin- namic (CgHj. (CH2)2C02H), Phenyl-propionic Acid, obtained by the action ' of sodium amalgam upon cinnamic acid. Very soluble in hot water and alcohol ; crystallizes in needles, melts at 47°, and distils at 280°. A., Hydrocyanic, Dilute (HCN), Prmsic Acid, a liquid consisting of two per cent, of the acid with 98 per cent, of water and alcohol. Generally prepared by the action of H^SO^ on potassium ferrocyanid. It is a mobile liquid, of a sp. gr. of .697 at l8° ; becomes crystalline at — 15°; boils at +26.5°; pos- sesses an odor like that of bitter almonds ; is extremely poisonous ; a feeble acid. Prussic acid is found in the bitter almond, the leaves of the peach, and in the cherry laurel, from the leaves of which it is distilled. It is the most violent poison known, death from com- plete asphyxia being almost instantaneous. Valuable for its sedative and antispasmodic effects in vomiting, whooping-cough, and spasmodic affections. Dose Wy— V. The following preparations are employed : Aqua Laurocerasi, water distilled from the leaves of the cherry laurel. Dose n^v-xxx, with caution. ScheeWs Dilute Hydrocyanic Acid, is a 4 or 5 per cent, solution ; dangerous. Amygdala Amara, oil of bitter almond ; used in cosmetics. A., Hydrocyanic, Vapor, Tt\^x-xv of dilute acid in gj of water, warmed and the vapor inhaled to relieve irritable coughs. A., Hydrofluoric (HF), an aqueous solution of hydro- fluoric gas, administered in dilute form as an inhalation in phthisis and goiter. See Iffuorin. A., Hydro- sulphuric (HjS), an acid which, both in its pure and gaseous form and in its watery solution, is much used as a chemical reagent. The gas has been employed by inhalation and by rectal injection in cases of tuber- culosis. (See Bergeron's Method.') Called also Hydro- gen Sulfid and Sulfydric Acid. A., Hydrurilic (CgHjNjOg) , obtained by decomposing the copper salt with HCl. Occurs in little prisms. A., Hyperosmic. See A., Osmic. A., Hypochlorous (HCIO), an unstable compound, important as a disinfecting and bleaching agent. Some of its salts, the hypochlorites, have a limited use in medicine. A., Hypophos- phorous (H3PO2), its salts (hypophosphites) , also the dilute acid, and a syrup prepared with it, are used as remedial agents. (See Calcii Hypophosphis, Ferri Hypophosphis, Sodii Hypophosphis, Potassii Hypophos- phis). A., Igasuric, an acid occurring in St. Igna- tius Bean and certain other plants containing strychnia. It occurs in small, hard crystals with an acid, astrin- gent taste. A., Indoxylic (C9H,N03), produced from its ethyl ester by fusion with caustic soda at 180°. Appears as a white crystalline mass, melting at 123°. A., Iodic (HIO3), a monobasic acid. Its solution (two per cent.) has been recommended as an alterative subcutaneous injection. A., Isopropyl Succinic. See A. Pimelic. A., Isosaccharic (Cg- H,|,Og), an acid very soluble in water and alcohol, forming rhombic crystals, and melting at 185°. Its solution is dextro-rotatory. A., Kephalo-phosphoric, a brain-acid differing from ordinary phosphoric acid in that three molecules of its hydroxyl are replaced by one molecule each of kepalyl, stearyl, and gly- ceryl. A., Lactic (HC3H5O3), a liquid containing 75 per cent, of absolute acid in 25 per cent, of water. Produced in the fermentation of milk. Gen- erally found impure from subsequent fermentation, except when freshly made. Useful in aiding digestion, in diabetes, and as a solvent of false membrane in diphtheria. Dosegss-gss. A., Lactic, Dil.,(Ji.'P.). Dose ^ss-ij. A., Lactonic (CgHjjO,), Galactonic Acid, produced from milk-sugar, galactose, and gum arable by the action of bromin water. It crystallizes, on standing over H2SO4, in small needles. A., Leu- conic (C5O5-I-4H2O), an acid produced by oxidiz- ing croconic acid with HNO3 or chlorin. Very soluble in water; occurs in small, colorless needles. A., Levulinic(C5Hg03), obtained from levulose, cellu- lose, cane-sugar, etc. Isomeric with methyl aceto- acetic acid; dissolves readily in water, alcohol, and ether; crystallizes in scales that melt at 33-5°; boils with slight decomposition at 239°. A., Linoleic (CjgH2j02), occurs as glycerid in drying oils, such as linseed oil, hemp oil, poppy oil, and nut oil. Pre- pared by saponifying linseed oil with potash. It is a yellowish oil that has asp. gr. of 0.921. A., Maizenic, an acid derived from the stigmata (silk) of Indian corn ; said to be a good diuretic. Unof. A. , Malic (C^HgOj) , a bibasic acid, occurring free or in the form of salts in many plant juices, in unripe apples, in grapes, and in mountain-ash berries. It forms de- liquescent crystals, that dissolve readily in alcohol, slightly in ether, and melt at 100° ; it has a pleasant acid taste. A., Malonic (C3H4O4), occurs in the deposit found in the vacuum pans employed in the beet- sugar manufacture ; obtained by the oxidation of malic acid with chromic acid ; crystallizes in large tables or laminae ; easily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether ; melts at 132° ; at higher temperatures it decom- poses into acetic acid and carbon dioxid. A., Man- delic (CeH5.CH(0H).C0jH), is formed from ben- zaldehyd by the action of prussic acid and HCl. Obtained naturally from amygdalin ; is levo-rotatory, and forms brilliant crystals, melting at 132.8°. A., Mannitic (CgHjjO,), obtained by the action of plati- num black upon aqueous mannitol. It is a very solu- ble, gummy mass, and reduces Fehling's solution. A., Mannonic (CjHjjOj), produced by oxidizing man- nose with bromin water. A., Meconic (CjH^O,), a tribasic acid, occurring in opium in union with raor ACID 32 ACID phin. Crystallizes with 3H2O in white laminae, readily soluble in hot water and alcohol. Ferric salts color the acid solutions dark red. A., Melilotic (CgHj(CH.^)2.0H.C0.2H), occurs free and in com- bination witli coumarin in the yellow melilot. Crys- tallizes in long needles, dissolves easily in hot water, and melts at 81°. A., Mellitic (CuHjOj^), occurs in mellite or honey-stone, which is found in some lignite beds. Honey-stone is an aluminium salt of mellitic acid, Cj2Al20n + l8HjO, and affords large quadratic pyramids of a bright yellow color. Mellitic acid crys- tallizes in fine, silky needles, readily soluble in water and alcohol ; has a sour, bitter taste. A., Mellophanic (CgH2(C02H)4), formed by the oxidation of isodurene. Very soluble in cold water and crystallizes in small prisms. Melts at 240°. A., Mesidic. See A. Uvitic. A., Mesitylenic (CjHj^Oj), obtained by gradually oxidizing mesitylene with dilute HNO3. Crystallizes from alcohol in large prisms, from water in needles. Melts at 166° and sublimes very readily. A., Metaphosphoric (HPO3), a glassy solid, not volatile by heat. It is freely soluble in cold water, and is converted by boiling into orthophosphoric acid. Used as a test for albumin in the urine. A., Metasaccharic (CjH^qOj), produced by oxidizing arabinose carboxylic acid with HNOj. Melts at 68° when air-dried. A., Mucic (CgHjjOj), is obtained in the oxidation of dulcitol, milk-sugar, galactose, galac- tonic acid and nearly all the gum varieties. A white crystalline powder, almost insoluble in cold water, and alcohol. It melts at 2io° with decomposition. A., Muriatic. %&& A., Hydrochloric. A., Myronic [/uipov, unguent] (C]„H,jNSjO]|,) , an acid that occurs as a potassium salt in the seeds of black mustard. Crystallizes from water in bright needles. A., Nitric (HNO3), a liquid consisting of 68 per cent, absolute acid in 32 per cent, of water. The pure acid is colorless, fum- ing, and highly caustic. A very powerful escharotic, used in cauterization of chancres and phagedenic ulcers. A., Nit., Dilute, contains ten per cent, abso- lute acid. Dose n^iij-xv, well diluted. A., Nitro- hydrochloric, Aqita Regia, a golden yellow, fuming mixture of four parts nitric and 15 of hydrochloric acid. A ready solvent of gold. Valuable in affections of the liver. Dose ITLv— xx, very dilute. A., Noropianic (CjHgO^), is obtained from opianic acid by heating with hydriodic acid. Readily soluble in water ; melt- ing at 171°. A., Oleic (CjgHgjOj), a constituent acid present in many fats and oils. Obtained in the manufacture of stearin candles. Soluble in alcohol, benzol, and the essential oils; insoluble in water. Saponifies when heated with alkaline bases. Used in making the oleates. It is a colorless oil that crystal- lizes on cooling. Melts at + 14°. Odorless in a pure condition, but becomes rancid on exposure to the air. A., Opianic (CjjHjdOs), dimethyl ether of noropianic acid. Crystallizes from hot water in fine prisms, melt- ing at 150°. A., Orsellinic (CjHjOj), is found in different lichens of the genera Roccella and Le- canora. Consists of easily soluble prisms, melting at 176°. A., Ortho-oxybenzoic. See A. Salicylic. A., Orthophosphoric (HjPO^), ordinary phosphoric acid, as distinguished from metaphosphoric and pyro- phosphoric acids. A., Osmic (OsO^), the oxide of osmium, one of the rarer elements ; it occurs as yellow crystals, acrid, burning, yielding an intensely irritating vapor ; it has been recommended for hypodermatic use in sciatica, strumous glands, and cancer. A., Osmic, Liq., one per cent. Dose ll\^iv-vj,hypodennatically for sciatica, neuralgia, etc. Potassium Osmate (KjOsO^ -I- ~ ' A., Oxalic obtained by 2HjO), given in epilepsy. Dose gr. A-. (CjHjO^), a colorless crystalline solid treating sawdust with caustic soda and potash. It oc- curs in many plants chiefly as potassium oxalate ; with two parts of water, it crystallizes in fine, transparent monoclinic prisms that at 20° effloresce in dry air and fall in a white powder. It is soluble in nine parts of water at moderate temperature and quite easily in al- cohol. In yi gr. doses a depressant to respiratory centers. In large doses a violent poison. Unof. A., Oxamic (C30j(NHjOH)) , a monobasic acid occurring as a crystalline powder that dissolves with difficulty in cold water and melts at 173°. A., Oxyacetic. See/4., Glycollic. A., Oxycitric (CjHgOg), is produced by boiling chlorcitric acid with alkalies or water. A. , Oxy- uvitic (CgHgOj) , is produced by the action of chloro- form upon sodium aceto-acetic ester. Crystallizes from hot water in fine needles, and melts with decomposition at about 290°. A., Palmitic (CuHjjOj), an acid exist- ing as a glycerin ether in palm-oil and in most of the solid fats. It forms fine, white needles, or pearly crys- talline scales. A., Palmitolic (CjgHjgOj), an acid that is isomeric with linoleic acid ; melts at 42°. A., Palmitoxylic (Cj^H^gOJ, a monobasic acid, produced from palmitolic acid on heating with fuming HNO,. Melts at 67°. A., Paracresotic (CgHjOj), a pre- paration from paracresylol. It is employed usually in the form of its sodium salt, CjHjNaOs, which is a safe and reliable antipyretic. It is especially of service in the rheumatism of children. Dose, to children, gr. ij- iij ; to adults up to gij. Unof. A., Paralactic. See^., Sarcolactic. A., Paratartaric. S&e A., Jiacemic. A., Pelargonic (CgHjg02), a complex ether that imparts the specific flavor to geranium and certain other aromatic oils. A., Perosmic. Same as A., Osmic. A., Phenylacetic (CgHs.CHj.COjH), AlpAatoluic Acid, obtained from benzyl cyanid when boiled with alkalies. Crystallizes in shining leaflets, resembling those of benzoic acid ; melts at 76.5°. and boils at 262°. It is prescribed in coughs and tuberculosis; is stimulant and antihectic. Dose of alcoholic solution gtt. x-xx. Unof. A., Phenyl-propionic. See A., Hydrocinnamic . A., Phenyl Sulphate, a solution of three grammes of phenol in 20 c.c. of strong sulphuric acid. Used for the detection of nitrates in water. A., Phosphoric (H3PO4), Orthophosphoric Acid, con- tains 50 per cent, each of acid and water. Of value in strumous affections, and thought to be serviceable in dissolving phosphatic deposits. Has none of the effects derived from free phosphorus or the hypophosphites. A., Phosphoric, Dilute, contains ten per cent, of absolute acid. Dose tT\_v-xxx. See Sodium, Potas- sium, Calcium, etc. A., Phosphorous (H3PO3), a compound of hydrogen with phosphorus and hydro- gen with phosphorus anhydrid. Its salts are called phosphites. A., Phthalic (CjHgO^), the or- tho-dicarboxylic acid of benzene, obtained by oxidiz- ing naphthalene with HNO3. It crystallizes in short prisms or in leaflets readily soluble in hot water, alco- hol, and ether. It melts at above 200°. See Phlhalate. A., Picric (C8Hj(N02)30H), obtained by the nitration of phenol. It crystallizes from hot water and alcohol in yellow leaflets or prisms which possess a very bitter taste. Readily soluble in hot water, its solution Im- parting a beautiful yellow color to silk and wool. It melts at 122.5° i ^ saturated solution is of some value as a wash in erysipelas. An excellent test for albumin and sugar in urine. Dose gr. v-xv. A., Pimelic (C,H,,Oj), fsopropyl Succinic Acid, melts at 114°. A., Piperic (Cj^HijOj), a monobasic acid, consisting of shining prisms ; almost insoluble in water, and crystal- lizes from alcohol in long needles, melting at 217°. It is produced from piperin by boiling with alcoholic potash. A., Porrisic. See A., Euxanthinic. A., ACID 33 ACID Prehnitic (CjdHjOj), results from oxidizing prehnitol with potassium permanganate. Very soluble in water, and crystallizes in warty masses that melt at 238°. A., Propargylic. See A., Propiolic. A., Propiolic. (CjH^Oj), Propargylic Acid, a liquid with an odor re- sembling that of glacial acetic acid ; when cool, it solidifies to silky needles, that melt at + 6° ; dissolves readily in water, alcohol, and ether; boils with de- composition at 144°. A., Protocatechuic {^, obtained from many benzene derivatives as well as from various resins (benzoin, asafetida, myrrh) on fusion with potassium hydroxid. Crystallizes with one molecule of water in shining needles or leaflets, and dissolves readily in hot water, alcohol, and ether. A., Prussic. See A., Hydrocyanic. A., Purpuric (CgHjN^Og), an acid not known in the free state, since as soon as it is liberated from its salts by mineral acids it immediately decomposes into alloxan and uramil. Produced by the action of HNO3 upon uric- acid. A., Pyrogallic (CgHjO-j), pyrogaliol, formed by heating gallic acid with water to 210° It forms white leaflets or needles, melts at 115°, and sublimes when carefully heated. Readily soluble in water, less so in alcohol and ether. It is useful in the treatment of certain skin diseases, but is poisonous, and must be used with caution. A., Pyroligneous, the crude acid obtained in the destructive distillation of wood. It is a clear liquid of reddish-brown color and strong acid taste, with a peculiar penetrating odor described as empyreumatic, due largely to the furfurol it contains. It possesses a sp. gr. of from 1.018 to 1.030, and contains from four to seven per cent, of real acetic acid. A., Pyromellitic (CjjHjOg), is produced by oxidizing durene and durylic acid with potassium per- manganate. Crystallizes in prisms, readily soluble in hot water and alcohol, melts at 264°. A., Pyrophos- phoric, the dihydric phosphate (2H2O.P2O5), one of the forms of the so-called phosphoric acid. It differs from the ordinary (trihydric or orthophosphoric) acid, and also from the monohydric, or metaphosphoric, acid, in its reactions. It is also poisonous, which they are not. Its iron salt is used in medicine. The pure acid is a soft, glassy mass. A., Pyrotartaric (CjHg- OJ, is obtained by heating tartaric acid in a close vessel ; consists of small, rhombic prisms, readily solu- ble in water, in alcohol, &nd in ether; itpielts at 112°. A., Pyruvic (C3H4O3), a monobasic acid forming crystalline compounds with the acid alkaline sulphites. A., Quillaic, an acid existing in commercial sa- ponin. Injected into the tissues it is said to be ex- tremely poisonous, though not when taken by the mouth. Unof. A., Quinaldinic (CgHgN(C02H] ), crystallizes from hot water in needles containing 2H2O ; effloresces in the air ; melts at 156°. Prepared by oxidizing (?-methyl-quinolin with chromic acid in sulphuric acid solution. A., Quinic (C,H,20g), is present in the cinchona barks, coffee beans, bilberry, and other plants. Obtained as a secondary product in the preparation of quinin. Consists of rhombic prisms, easily soluble in water ; melting at 162°. A., Quininic {C9H5{O.CH,)N(C02H) ), obtained by oxi- dizing quinin and quinidin with chromic acid in sul- phuric acid solution. Crystallizes in long, yellow prisms ; dissolves in alcohol with a blue fluorescence, and melts at 280°. A., Racemic (CjHgOg), Para- tartaric Acid, differing from common tartaric acid, not in chemical but in physical prpperties. A., Rheinic. See A., Chrysophanic. A., Rhodanic (C3H3S2ON), obtained by the action of CNS(NHJ upon chloracetic acid. Consists of yellow prisms, or plates, that melt at 169° with decomposition. A., Ricinoleic (CjgHgjOj), is present in castor oil in the 3 form of a glycerid. It is a colorless oil that solidifies in the cold to a hard, white mass, melting at 16-17°. A., Rosolic (CjdHj^Os), a phenol compound, derived from rosanilin ; valued as a dye and as a staining agent. See Stains. A., Rufigallic (Cj^HjOg + 2H2- O), a derivative of anthracene; obtained by heating gallic acid with four parts of H.^SOj to 140°. Consists of reddish-brown crystals, losing water at 120°, and subliming in red needles. A., Saccharic, i. Acidum saccharicum (CgHj^Oj) , a dibasic acid ; a deliquescent, gummy mass, readily soluble in alcohol. It turns brown at 100° and deconlposes. Prepared by the action of HNO3 on sugar and various other carbohy- drates, 2. (CgHjjOg), '1'etraoxycaproic Acid, a mono- basic acid readily changeable, when free, into its- lactone, saccharin. Not known in its free state. A., Saccharonic (C^Hj^Oj), formed by oxidizing sac- charin by HNO3. Very soluble in water ; forms large crystals. A., Salicylic (C^HjOj), Ortho-oxybenzoic Acid, occurs in a free condition in the buds of Spiraa Ulmaria, in the oil of wintergreen, and in other varie- ties of gaultheria. It consists of four-sided prisms and crystallizes readily from hot water in long needles. Is soluble in water, and very soluble in chloroform ; meltsat 155°— 156°. Is a powerful antiseptic ; also used in the treatment of acute articular rheumatism and my- algia. A., Santoninic (CuH^jOj) , an acid into which santonin is changed under the influence of the alkalies. A., Sarcolactic (CjHjOg), occurs in muscles, to which it gives their acid reaction, and in blood, espe- cially after the muscles have been in a state of contract- ing activity. It is also found in urine in phosphorus poisoning. A. Sclerotinic. An acid found in ergot, of which it is one of the active principles. Given, hypo- dermically it has acted as an ecbolic. See Sclerotis. A., Sorbic (CgHgO,,), occurs together with malic acid in the juice of unripe mountain-ash berries. An oil that does not solidify until it has been heated with potash ; almost insoluble in cold water, but crystallizes from alcohol in long needles, melting at 134.5°, distilling at 228° without decomposition. A., Sozolic. See Aseptol. A., Sphingostearic, an acid closely re- sembling stearic acid, derivable from sphingomyelin. A., Stearic (CjgHjjOj), associated with palmitic and oleic acids as a mixed ether, in solid animal fats, the tallows ; crystallizes from alcohol in brilliant leaf- lets, melting at 62.2° C. A., Stearoleic (C,gH3j02), obtained from oleic and elaidic acids. Meltsat48°. A., Stearoxy lie (CjgHj^Oj) , produced by warming stearo- leic acid. Melts at 86°. A., Suberic (CgHi^O^), a dibasic acid obtained by boiling corks or fatty oils with HNO3. Melts at 140° C. Forms small granular crystals very soluble in boiling water, in alcohol, and in ether. It fuses at about 300° F., and sublimes in acicular crystals. A., Succinic (C^HgOJ, an acid prepared by the distillation of amber, and arti- ficially in many other ways ; occurs in certain hydatid cysts of the liver ; diuretic, stimulant, and antispasmo- dic. Unof. A., Sulfydric. See A., Hydrosulphuric . A., Sulphanilic (CeH,(NHj).S03H), obtained by heating anilin (l part) with fuming HjSOj (2 parts) to 180° until SOj appears. Crystallizes in rhombic plates with one molecule of water, which effloresce in the air. A., Sulphichthyolic, an acid that appears to be the principal component of commercial ichthyol. Its sodium, ammonium, lithium, and zinc salts have been highly praised as efficacious in cystitis, nephritis, and diabetes. Dose grs. iss in pill or capsule. A., Sulphocarbolic (CjHjHSOj), phenyl bisulphate, formed by the union of carbolic and sulphuric acids. Its salts, the sulpho-carbolates, are used in medicine as intestinal antiseptics, etc. See Aseptol. A., ACID 34 ACIDIFICATION Sulphonic. See Aseptol. A., Sulphoricineolic, an acid prepared from castor oil acted upon by sulphuric acid. It is a thick syrup, that has the power of dissolving and emulsifying many substances ; recom- mended for pharmaceutical uses. A., Sulphuric (HjSOj), Oil of Vitriol, a heavy, oily, corrosive acid, consisting of not less than 92.5 per cent, sulphuric anhydrid and 7.5 per cent, of water. Of value in lead poisoning. Sometimes used as a caustic. A., Sulph., Aromatic, contains 20 per cent, acid, diluted with alcohol and flavored with cinnamon and ginger. Dose rT\^v-xv. A., Sulph., Dilute, contains ten per cent, strong acid to 90 of water. Dose •t\_x-xv, well diluted. A., Sulphurous (HjSOj), a colorless acid containing about 6.4 per cent, of sulphurous anhy- drid in 93.6 per cent, of water. The gas (SOj) is a very valuable disinfectant. The acid is used as a spray or lotion in diphtheria, stomatitis, and as a wash for indolent and syphilitic ulcers. The various hyposulphites are mainly valuable in that they de- compose and give off sulphur dioxid. Dose tl\_v- 3J. See, also. Sodium, Potassium, and Magnesium. A., Tannic (CjjHjjOg), Tannin, an astringent acid obtained from nutgalls, occurring in yellowish, scaly crystals. Soluble in water and alcohol. , Internally it is an antidote in poisoning by alkaloids and tartar emetic, and in hemorrhoids and catarrh of mucous membrane. Useful mainly as an astringent lotion in many skin diseases. Dose gr. j-xx. A., Tan., Glycerit, one part tannin in four of glycerin. A., Tan., Suppositories, one part of tannin to five of butter of cacao. A., Tan., Troches, each contain ^ gr. of tannic acid. A., Tan., Unguent, a ten per cent, ointment of the acid incorporated with benzoated lard. A., Tartaric (Ci^HjuOg), an astringent acid, chiefly employed in refrigerant drinks and in baking powders ; 20 grains neutralize 27 of potassium dicarbonate, 22 of sodium dicarbonate, and 'SX °^ ammonium carbonate. Dose gr. x-xxx. Widely distributed in the vegetable world, and occurs principally in the juice of the grape, from which it deposits after fermentation in the form of acid potas- .sium tartrate (argol). It results on oxidizing sac- charic acid and milk sugar with HNO3. It crystallizes in large monoclinic prisms, which dissolve readily in water and alcohol, but not in ether. It melts at 167°- 170°. Its salts are the tartrates. A., Tartronic (C3- H^Oj) , occurs in large prisms that are easily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether.' It melts at 184° C. Produced from glycerol by oxidation with potassium permanganate. A., Taurocholic (Cj^H^jNOS,), occurs in bile ; very soluble in water and alcohol ; crystallizes in fine needles. A., Teracrylic (C^Hj^- O2), obtained by the distillation of terpentic acid. It is an oily liquid, with an odor resembling that of val- eric acid, and boiling at 208° without decomposition. A., Terebic (CjH,„04), a monobasic acid formed •when turpentine oil is oxidized with HNO3. Spar- ingly soluble in cold water, crystallizes in shining prisms, and melts at 175°. A., Tetraoxycaproic. See A., Saccharic. A., Tetraoxyvaleric. See A., Arabonic. A., Thebolactic (CjHgOj), a crys- talline principle obtained from opium. A., Tide (as'-id-tld). See Tide. A., Trichloracetic (HC^- CljOj), an acid formed from acetic acid, three atoms of the hydrogen of which is (in the new acid) replaced by chlorin. It is considered one of the best reagents for the detection of albumin in the urine, and is a valuable caustic, especially for rhinopharyngological purposes. A., Trichlorlactic (CjHjOaCl.,) , made by heating chloralcyanhydrin with concentrated HCl. It is a crystalline mass that melts at from 105° to 110°. Soluble in water, in alcohol, and in ether. A., Tricyanic (CjNjOjHj), Cyanuric Acid, obtained from tricyanogenchlorid by boiling the latter with water and alkalies. It crystallizes from aqueous solu- tion with two molecules of water in large rhombic prisms ; soluble in 40 parts of cold water ; easily solu- ble in hot water and in alcohol. A., Trimesic (Cg- HgOg) , formed when mesitylenic and uvitic acids are oxidized with a chromic acid mixture. CrystalUzes in short prisms, readily soluble in hot water and alcohol, melts about 300°, and sublimes near 240°. A., Tropic (C8H5.C2H3(0H).CO2H), obtained by digesting the alkaloids, atropin, and belladonna with baryta water. Slowly soluble in water; crystallizes in needles or plates, and melts at 117°. A., Umbellic (C5H5O4), obtained by digesting umbelliferon with caustic potash, and then precipitating with acids. It is a yellow powder, decomposing at about 240°. A., Undecolic (CjjHjgOj) , obtained from the bromid of undecylenic acid. It fuses at 59.5° A., Uric (CgH^NjOj), an acid found in the urine of man and the carnivora — rarely in the herbivora — abundantly in the excrement of birds, reptiles, and molluscs. Crystallizes in small, white, rhombic crystals, insoluble in alcohol and ether, soluble in 1900 parts of boiling water, and in hydro- chloric acid. Exists usually in combination with the metals of the alkaline group. Separated from urine by adding ten per cent, of hydrochloric acid and allow- ing the crystals to settle for 48 hours, when they may be separated and weighed. Haycraft's method is a more exact biit extended process. A., Uric, Murexid, Test for. See Murexid, A., Uroleucic (C^Hj^- O5) \uro-, leucin'], a stellate, crystalline acid found in the urine in alkaptonuria. A., Uvitic (CgHgO.), Mesidic Acid, obtained by oxidizing mesitylene with dilute HNO3. Crystallizes from hot water in needles, melting at 287°. A., Valeric (CgHjoOj), formed by oxidizing nomial amyl alcohol. Similar to butyric acid, but is more sparingly soluble in water ; boils at 186° ; sp. gr. at 0° is 0.9568. It congeals in the cold and melts at 20°. A mobile liquid with caustic acid taste and the pungent smell of old cheese. Its salts have been somewhat used in medicine. A., Veratric (CgHj^Oj), occurs with veratrin in the sabadilla seeds ; crystallizes from hot water in short, white, transparent needles, melting at 179.5° C. ; soluble in water and alcohol. A., Vulpic (CjjHjjOj), occiu-s in the lichen Cetraria vulpina, from which it may be extracted by chloroform or lime water. Sparingly soluble in water and ether, crystallizes from alcohol in yellow prisms, melting at 110° and subliming. A., Xanthic (CjHj.O.CS.SH), a heavy, oily liquid, not soluble in water, with a pene- trating smell and a sharp, astringent taste, many of whose salts have a yellow color. A., Xylic (C^Hj- (CH3)2.C02H), produced by the oxidation of pseudo- cumene. Crystallizes from alcohol in long prisms ; dissolves with difficulty in water; melts at I26°C., and sublimes readily. A., Xylidic (CgHgO^), obtained by oxidizing xylic acid with dilute HNO3 ; separates from boiling water in flocculent masses ; melts at 282°. Acida (as'-id-ah) [L.]. Plural oi Acidum, q.v. Acid-Albumin {as' -id aV -bu-min) . A derived albu- min. A proteid having been acted upon or dissolved in the stronger acids, and yielding an acid reaction. Acidiferous [as-id-if -er-tis) \acidum, acid; ferri, to bearj. Containing an acid; producing acidity. Acidinable (as-id' -if-i-a-bl) [acidum, acid ; _fieri, to be- come]. Capable of becoming an acid, or of becoming sour. Acidification Uis-id-if-ik-a' -shun) [acidum, acid •,facere, to make] . Conversion into an acid ; the process of becoming sour. ACIDIMETER 35 ACIDS Acidimeter (as-id-im'-et-er) [acidum, acid; ji^rpov, a. measure]. An instrument for performing acidimetry. Acidimetry {as-id-im' -et-re) [acidum, adi; /lerpov, a measure]. Determination of the free acid in a solu- tion by an acidimeter, or by chemical reactions. Acidity [as-id' -it-e) [acidum, acid]. The quality of being acid ; sourness ; excess of acid. Acidology (as-id-ol' -o-je) [aicif, a bandage, a point; y>yoi, a treatise] . The science of surgical appliances. Acidometry ias-id-om' -et-re). See Acidimetry. Acidopeirastic (as-id-o-pi-ras'-Hk) [a/c(f, a point; fcnpaC.EW, to test]. See Akidopeirastic. Acidosteophyte [as-id-os' -te-o-fU) \a\dq, a point ; osteo- phyte]. A sharp, or needle-shaped, osteophyte. Ac'ids, Aromat'ic. Acids derived by replacing hydro- gen in the benzenes by carboxyls. They are crystalline solids that generally sublime undecomposed. Most of them dissolve with difficulty in water. A., Diazo. See Diazo Acids. A., Dibasic, acids containing two carboxyl groups. They are solids, crystallizable, and generally volatile without decomposition. They are mostly soluble in water and have a strong acid reaction. See Table. A., Fatty, a class of monobasic acids, formed by the oxidation of the primary alcohols. The more complex fatty acids are found in all oleaginous compounds, where they exist combined with glycerin, forming fats. The fatty acids have a general formula CoHznOj. See Table. A., Monobasic, products of the replacement by oxygen of the two hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon-carrying OH. These acids enter into combination with a univalent basic radical to form a neutral salt, or a salt containing one equiva- lent of a base. A., Organic, acids characterized by the carboxyl group CO. OH. TABLE OF DIBASIC ACIDS OF THE FATTY COMPOUNDS. I. FIRST SERIES. CnHzn-aO,. Name. Formula. Physical Condition. Melting Point. (Centigrade.) Solubility. CzHaO, Solid. 101° Slowly in water. Easily in alcohol. Malonic, CsH404 Solid. .3=° Easily in water, alcohol, ether. CiHeOi Solid. 180° Pyrotartaric, ...... ... CsHsO, Solid. 112° Readily in water, alcohol, ether. CeHjoO, Solid. 148° Pimelic CiHi^O, Solid. 102-104° Suberic CSH14O4 Solid. 140° Slowly in water. Readily in alco- hol, ether. Lepargylic (Azelaic), C9H16O4 Solid. 106° Slowly in water. C10H18O4 Solid. 127° C11H20O4 Solid. 108° CiiHssOi Solid. 132° Cetyl Malonic C19H86O4 Solid. 121° z. SECOND SERIES. UNSATURATED DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS. CeHjd-iOi. Fumaric C4H4O4 Solid. Almost insoluble in water. Maleic C4H4O4 Solid. 130° Readily soluble in water. Ethidene Malonic, . .... CbHcOi Solid. 220° Citraconic CsHaOi Solid. 80° Itaconic C6H6O4 Solid. 161° Slowly soluble in water. Mesaconic, CsHeOi Solid. 202° Slowly soluble in water. AUyl Maloniq, CeH804 Solid. 103° Propylidene Malonic, C6H8O4 Solid. . . . CcHsOi Solid. 195° Slowly soluble in water. Pyrocinchonic, CeHgOi Only exists in the salts. Allyl Succinic, C7H,„04 Solid. 94° Carbocaprolactonic, CtHioO, Solid. 69° C,H,o04 Solid. 162° C8H1204 ACIDS 36 ACIDS TABLE OF DIBASIC ACIDS OF THE FATTY COUVOViiT)?,.— Continued. 3. THIRD SERIES. CnH2ii-604. Name. FORMUI-A. Physical condition. Melting Point. (Centigrade ) Solubility. Acetylene Dicarboxylic CtViiOi Solid. 175° Glutinic CiHaO, Solid. 145-146° . . . Solid. 260° Diallyl Malonic Solid. 133° Diacetylene Dicarboxylic, . . . CeHjOi Solid. Readily soluble in water, alcohol, ether. Tetra-acetylene Dicarboxylic, . . CioHjOi Solid. 4. KETONE DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS. Mesoxalic C3H2O6 Solid. 115° C4H4O6 Aceto-malonic, . CbHjOs Acetone Dicarboxylic, CsHoOs Solid. 130° Readily soluble in water and ether. Aceto-succinic, CoHaOe Solid. 244-245° . . . Aceto-glutaric, . . C,Hi„06 5. DIKETONE-DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS. CeHaO, Solid. 77° Oxal-levulinic CjHsOa Liquid. Diaceto-succinic CaHioO. Solid. 78° 6. URIC ACir V3.Tah3.riic Xcid {OxalylUrea), . . ) GROUP (CAF CsHjNaOa .BAMIDES OF TI Solid. IE DICARBOX .YLIC ACIDS). Soluble in water and ether. Oxaluric Acid CaHiNjOi Solid. Slowly soluble in water. Barbituric Acid {Malonyl Urea), . C4H,N208 Solid. . . Dialuric Acid (Tartronyl Urea), . CiH.NjOi Solid. Alloxan {Mesoxalyl Urea), .... CiHaNjOi SoUd. Readily soluble in water. Uric Acid, CsH^N^Os Solid. Insoluble in alcohol and ether. Slowly soluble in water. CsHsNbO Solid. Theobromin, CHsNiOj Solid. 290° Slowly soluble in hot water and alcohol. Caffein CTheinl CsHioNiOa Solid. 225° Slightly soluble in cold water and alcohol. TABLE OF FATTY ACIDS. FIRST SERIES. CnH2nOj. FIRST SERIES.— Continued, i a S BS ^2 HP ii •« m in hi Efc; Id ^ a s 1 i s < ss s, ° li Formic, . . . CH2O2 Liquid. 99° 1.223 Valerianic, . . CjHioOj Liquid. —20° 186° 0.9568 Acetic CaH^O^ Liquid. 118° 1. 0514 Caproic, , . . CoHijOb Liquid. — 2° 205° 0.928 Propionic, . . CsHeOj Liquid. 140° 0.992 Enanthylic, . CtHuOs Liquid. —10.5° 223° Butyric, . . . CiHjOs Liquid, 163° 0.9587 Caprylic, . . . CeHioO, Liquid. 16.5° 236.5° ACIDULATED 37 ACIPENSER TABLE OF FATTY KCXD'&.—ConHnued. FIRST SERIES.- CoM, a hollow vessel]. In botany, a plant producing an em- bryo without seed-leaves or cotyledons. Acotyledonous [ah-kot-il-e' -do-nus) [d priv. ; Korvk'rjSCiV a hollow vessel]. Destitute of embryo or embryonic leaves, or cotyledons. Acouchi [ah-koo' -che) . See Acuchi. Acoumeter, or Acouometer [ah-koo'-met-er, a-koo- om'-et-er) £aiaAew, to hear ; fihpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the acuteness of hearing. KcoMxnstxy {ah-koo' -met-re) [d/coiEiii,to hear; /iiTpov,a measure]. The measurement or testing of the acute- ness of the hearing. Acouophonia (ah-koo-o-fo' -ne-ah) \hKoiitiv, to hear; ^avij, sound]. Auscultatory percussion. Acouoxylon \ah-koo-oks' -il-on) \h«xA}nv, to hear; ^hTjov, wood]. A wooden (pine) stethoscope. Acousimeter [ah-koo-sim'-et-er) [d/cotiuif, a hearing; lUirpoi;, a measure.] See Acoumeter. Acousma (ah-koos'- or kowz'-mah) \hKionmpxi, thing heard : pi. , Acousmata"] . An auditory hallucination ; a condition in which imaginary sounds are noticed by the patient, and are believed by him to be real. Acoustic [ah-koos' -tik or -kowz'-tik) [d/cotiffrocfSf ] . Relat- ing to the ear or sense of hearing. A. Duct, the ex- ternal meatus of the ear. A. Nerve, the portio mollis of the seventh pair. See Nerves.. A. Tetanus, the rapidity of the induction shocks in a frog's nerve- muscle preparation, as measured by the pitch of a vibrating rod. A. 'Tubercle, a rounded elevation on either side of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Acoustics [ah-koos' -tiks or a-kows' -tiks) [d/couffri/aif]. The science of sound. Acquetta [ak-wef-tah) [ Ital. ]. Same as Aqua to/ana. Acquired Movements [ak-wi'-erd moov'-mentz). Those brought under the influence of the will only after conscious and attentive effort and practice, in distinction from reacquired movements, those reinstated in their former proficiency after injury to the motor regions of the brain. Acraepalous [ah-krep'-al-tts). See Acrepalous. Acramphibryous [ak-ram-fib' -ri-us) l&Kpoc, at the end; d,u^j, on both sides ; ;8/)iiov, blossom]. In biology, pertaining to plants that produce lateral as well as ter- minal buds. Acrania [ah-kra'-ne-ah) [d priv.; Kpaviov, skull]. The condition of a monster with partial or complete absence of the cranium. Acranial [ah-kra'-ne-al) [d priv.; icpaviev, skull]. Having no cranium. Acrasia [ah-kra' -ze-ah) [d priv.; Kpaaig, moderation]. I. Intemperance ; lack of self-control. 2. Acratia. Acraspedote [ah-kras'-pe-dot] [d priv.; npaaizeScni, a. hem or border]. In biology, pertaining to Gegen- baur's group of medusae, Acraspeda ; having a disk without velum or marginal fold. Acratia [ah-kra' -she-ah) [^cucpdreia ; a priv.; npajoQ, force]. Impotence, loss of power. Acraturesis [ah-krat-u-re' -sis) [^axpaTem, lack of strength ; oipriaiQ, micturition] . Inability to micturate, from atony of the bladder. Acrecbolic [ak-rek-bol' -ik) [d/cpof , at the apex ; EK^dMov, to throw out]. In biology, capable of protrusion by an outward movement of the tip; the introverted and eversible proboscis of certain worms and molluscs. Acrembolic [ak-rem-dol'-ik) [d/cpof, at the apex ; e/i^dUeiv, to throw in, insert]. In biology, introver- sion by an inward movement of the tip, as the everted proboscis of certaih worms and molluscs. Acrepalous, or Acraepalous [ah-krep'-al-us) [d priv.; Kpamakri, debauch]. Correcting the nausea that follows excess in drinking, or in eating. Acrid [ak'-rid) [acer, acris, sharp]. Pungent, irritat- ing ; producing an irritation, as of the tongue, fauces, or stomach. Acridian [ak-rid'-i-an) [dim. of UKpic, a locust]. Per- taining to the acridia or grasshoppers. Acridin [ak' -rid-in) \acer, acrid], CjgHgN. A sub- stance produced by heating anilin and salicylic alde- hyd to 260° with ZnClj. Very soluble in alcohol and ether. It occurs in crude anthracene and dissolves in dilute acids with a beautiful green fluorescence. It readily sublimes in colorless leaflets ; melts at 1 10° ; and has a very pungent odor. Acridins [ak' -rid-inz) \a.cer, acrid]. Substances ob- tained when diphenylamin is heated to 300° with fatty acids. They are feeble bases ; their salts are de- composed by boiling water. Acridophagus [ak-rid-of -a-gus) [^aKpi;, a. locust ; (payeiv, eat]. The eater of locusts. Acrimony [ak'-rim-o-ne) [acrimonia'\. Irritating quality, pungency, corrosiveness : an acrid quality or state. Acrinia [ah-krin'-e-ah) [d priv; Kpivsiv, to separate]. Diminution or suppression of a secretion or excre- tion. ACRINYL 40 ACROMIO-DELTOIDEUS Acrinyl [ak-rin'-il) \_arer, acrid], C,H,0. One of the univalent radicles. A. Sulphocyanate, C,H,O.SCN, an acrid and vesicating substance found in white mus- tard, corresponding to the essential oil of the black mustard. Acrisia iah-kris'-e-ali) \h priv. j crisis\ . The absence of a crisis from a disease ; an unfavorable crisis or turn in the course of an attack of disease. Acritical [ah-krit^ -ik-af) [a priv.; Kplatg, a, crisis]. Having no crisis ; not relating to a crisis. Acritochromacy {ah-krit-o-kro' -mas-e) [dicpiTOf, undis- tinguished; ;fpu/ia, color]. Color-blindness, achro- matopsia. AcToeesthesia (ak-ro-es-the' -ze-aK) , Set Arroesthesia. Acroanesthesia (ak-ro-an-es-the' -se-a/i) [anpav. ex- tremity ; avawOrjaia, want of feeling] . Anesthesia of the extremities. Acroarthritis (ak-ro-arth-H' -tis) [d/cpov, extremity; apflpov, a joint ; irif , inflammation] . Inflammation of the joints of a limb. Acroasphyxia (ak-ro-as-fiks' -e-afi) [d/cpov, extremity ; d priv.; iTiJiifif, pulse] . Asphyxia of the extremities, the so-called phenomena of Raynaud. Acrobryous {ak-rob' -re-us) [dxpof, apex ; ^piiov, a flower] . In biology, growing only at the apex. Acroby stia (ak-ro-bis' -te-ah) \_diipopvaTia, the foreskin] . The prepuce. Acrobystiolith (ak-ro-bis' -te-o-lith) [^aKpo^vaTia, the prepuce; ^'0of , a stone] . A preputial calculus. Acrobystitis {ak-ro-bis-ti^ -tis) \aKpo^v(sria^ the foreskin ; (rif, inflammation] . Posthitis. Acrocarpous {ak-to-kar'-pus) [d/cpof , at the apex ; icapwd^, fruit]. In biology, fruiting at the tips, as mosses. Acrocephalia [ak-ro-sef-a' -le-aK) \hKpav, a point ; KEiaXr/, the head] . A deformity of the head in which the vertical diameter is increased and the top is more or less pointed. Acrocephalic iak-ro-sef-al' -iK) [d/cpov, a point ; KS(l)a^, the head]. Characterized by acrocephalia; having the top of the head unusually high. Acrocephaline {ak-ro-sef -a-lin) \b.Kpmi, point; m^aXi), head]. In biology, resembling birds of the genus Acrocephnlus, the large-billed reed warblers. Acrbcephalous (ak-ro-sef -al-us) \hKpov, a point ; nt^aXi), the head] . Characterized by or affected with acroce- phalia. Acrocephaly {ak-ro-sef -al-e) [axpov, a point; Ke^a74, the head]. Same as Acrocephalia. Acrocheir (ak'-ro-kir) [aapim, point ; x^'-Pt hand] . The ends of the fingers considered together ; the fore- arm and hand. Acrochordon (ak-ro-kor' -don) \_aKpoxopdi>v, literally the end of a catgut cord]. A pedunculated or pen- sile wart. Synonym of Molluscum fibrosum. Acrocinesis {ak-ro-sin-e' -sis) [d/cpof, extreme ; Kivriai^, movement]. Excessive motility; abnormal freedom of movement, as seen in certain cases of hysteria. Acrocinetic {ak-ro-siit-ef -ik) [dfcpof, extreme ; Khr/aig, movement]. Characterized by acrocinesis. Acrocyst {ak' -ro-sist) [d/cpof , apex ; Kvarig, pouch] . In biology, a sort of broad sac at the top of the gonan- gium in certain hydroids. Acrodermatitis (ak-ro-der-mat-i' -tis) [dxpov, extremity ; Sipua, skin ; ltiq, inflammation] . Inflammation of the skin of an extremity. Acrodont Uik' -ro-dont) [d/cpof; apex or edge; ofSowf, tooth]. In biology, one of or pertaining to those lizards with teeth attached to the edge of the jaw, without alveoli. Acrodynia [ak-ro-din' -e-ah) [d/cpof , an extremity; hiivr), pain] . Epidemic erythema ; a disease closely allied to pellagra. It is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, redness of the conjunctivae, edema of the face, formication, pricking pains in the palm and soles, hyperesthesia followed by anesthesia of these parts, and an erythematous eruption preceded by bullae, chiefly on the hands and feet, but spreading over the limbs and trunk. This is followed by exfoliation and dark brown or black pigmentation, greatest in the warm regions of the body. Wasting of the limbs, with edema, cramps, pstreses, and spasms may be pres- ent, and death may follow in the old or feeble. The disease is probably due to some noxious constituent of or defect in the diet. Acroesthesia, or Acrosesthesia (ak-ro-es-the' -ze-aK) [d/cpof , extreme ; alafii/aig, sensation] . Exaggerated sensitiveness, or sensibility. Sense of pain in the ex- tremities. Acrogen (ak'-ro-jen) [dicpof, apex; yevi/c, produced]. In biology, a member of a division of the Cryptogams which grow by terminal buds, as ferns and mosses. Acrogenic (ak-ro-jen' -ik) [d/cpof, apex; /Ev^f, pro- duced]. In biology, partaking of the character of an acrogen. Acrogenous (ak-rof -en-ns) [d/cpof, at the apex ; yerni^, produced]. In biology, growth by increase at the summit, as ferns, mosses, and certain zoophytes. Acrogynous (ak-rof -in-us) [d/cpof, at the tip ; ywfi, female]. In biology, having the archegonia formed from or near the apical cell, as certain of the Hepat- ic ce. Acrolein (ak-ro' -le-iti) [a«?-, sharp; o/fKZ«, oil], CjHjO. Acrylic Aldehyd. A highly volatile liquid derived from the decomposition or the destructive distillation of glycerin. See Acrylaldehyd. Acrolenion (ak-ro-len' -e-ori) [d/cpov, point; uJhifi, elbow]. Same as Olecranon. Acromania (ak-ro-ma' -ne-aK) [d/cpof , extreme ; /lavia, madness] . Incurable or extreme insanity. Acromastitis (ak-ro-mas-ti'-tis) [^acromastium ; itis, inflammation]. Inflammation of the nipple. Acrotnastium (ak-ro-mas' -te-um) [d/cpov, a point; fiaardc, breast]. The nipple. Acromegalia tak-ro-meg-a' -le-ah), or Akromegaly (ak-ro-meg* -al-e) [d/cpof; ^eydA??, large]. A disease characterized by abnormally great development of the extremities, and of the features of the face, in- cluding the bony as well as the soft parts. The disease is of long duration, twenty years or more, the patient finally dying of exhaustion. The etiology is unknown, although Virchow believes heredity to have an important share in its causation. Acromial (ak-ro' -me-aV) [d/cpof, extremity ; uMOf, the shoulder]. Relating to the acromion. Acromicria (ak-ro-mik' -re-ah) [dfcpof, extremity ; liiKp&Q, small]. Abnormal smallness of the extremi- ties. A condition in which there is a leduction in the size of the nose, ears, and face, as well as hands and feet. Acromio-clavictilar (ak-ro' -me-o-kla-vik' -u-lar) [d/cpof, extremity ; (5|U0f , the shoulder ; clavus, a key] . Re- lating to the acromion and the clavicle. Acromio-coracoid (ak-ro' -me-o-ko' -rak-oid) . See Acromio-coracoideus . Acromio-coracoideus (ak-ro' -me-o-ko-rak-oid-e' -us) [d/cpof , extremity ; upof , the shoulder ; icdpa^, a crow] . A triangular ligament lying between the acromion and the coracoid process. Acromio-deltoideus (ak-ro' -me-o-del-toid-e' -us) [d/cpof, extremity; Sifioa, the shoulder; (Se^roEid^f, deltoid]. In comparative anatomy, a muscle having as its origin the acromion, and the deltoid ridge of the humerus as its insertion. ACROMIO-HUMERAL 41 ACTINOLOGY Acromio-humeral (ak-ro' -me-o-hu' -mer-al) [aKpng, ex- tremity ; i/iof , the shoulder ; humerus'^ . Relating to the acromion and the humerus. A. Muscle, the del- toid. Acromion (ak-ro' -me-on) [dicpov, a summit ; i/iof, the shoulder] . The triangular-shaped process at the sum- mit of the scapula, that forms the attachment of the deltoid muscle. Acromio-thoracic (ak-ro' -me-o-iho-ra' -sik) [anpufuov, shoulder ; 6i>pa^, thorax] . In anatomy, relating to the shoulder and thorax, as the acromio-thoracic artery. Acromio-trapezius (ak-ro' -me-o-tra-pe' -ze-us) [dicpai- fucni, shoulder ; trapeziuni'\ . In anatomy, a part of the trapezius muscle. AcTomphalon (ak-rom' -fal-on) [ok/dov, a point; hfi^a- /l(5f, the navel]. See Acromphalus. Acrotnphalus (ak-rom' -fal-us) [anpov, extremity ; bii^a- Uq. the navel] . I . The center of the umbilicus to which the cord is attached. 2. The first stage of um- bilical hernia, marked by a pouting of the navel. Acromyodian (ak-ro-me-o' -de-an) \aKpov, extremity; /iif, muscle; ^(5^, song]. In biology, having the syringeal muscles attached to the ends of the upper bronchial rings, as in certain singing birds, the Acro- myodi. Acromyodic (a-kro-me-od' -Hi) . ^aeoR^s Acromyodian. AcTomyodous (ak-ro-mi' -o-dus) . Same as Acromyodian. Acronarcotic (ak-ro-nar-kof -ih) \_acer, sharp ; vapiiovv, to benumb]. Both acrid and narcotic. AcroneuTOsis {ak-ro-nu-ro' -sis) \aK.pov, an extremity ; vevpov, a nerve] . Any neurosis manifesting itself in the extremities. Acronyx {ak' -ro-nix) [&Kpov, an extremity; 6wf, a nail]. The ingrowmg of the nail. Acroparalysis ,(a^-?-o-/ar-ffi/'-w-2j) [anponi, an extreme ; ■napa, by ; TAelv, to loose] . Paralysis of the extremities. Acroparesthesia, or Acroparsesthesia [ak-ro-par-es- the'-ze-ah) [aKpcm, extremity ; Trapa, around ; alaBtjaic, sensation]. I. Abnormal, or perverted sensation in the extremities. 2. Extreme or confirmed paresthesia. Acropathology {ak-ro-path-oV -o-je) [ aKpcm, an ex- tremity ; vriiSof , disease ; Uyo^, treatise] . The pathol- ogy of the extremities. Acropathy [ak-rop' -a-the) \a«.pov, an extremity ; wdBog, suffering]. Any disease of the extremities. Acropetal {ak-rop' -et-al ) [d/cpov, the top ; petere, to seek] . In biology, developing from the base or center, up- ward and outward, as many leaves, lateral shoots, or flower clusters. Acrophobia {ak-ro-fo' -be-ah) \hKpov, a height ; 0(53of, fear]. Morbid dread of being at a great height. Acropodium {ak-ro-po' -de-um) [d/c/jof, at the top ; iroSiov, dim. of Ttovg (nod), foot]. In zoology, the entire upper surface of the foot. Acroposthia {ak-ro-pos' -the-afi] [d/cpof , extreme ; ■K&adr), foreskin]. The distal part of the prepuce. AcToposthitis [ak-ro-pos-thi' -tis) [dic/iof , extreme ; TrdaSr/, foreskin] . Posthitis. Acrorrheuma {ak-ro-ru'-mah) [aKpm, an extremity ; peii/ia, a flux]. Rheumatism of the extremities. ' AcTosarcum [ak-ro-sar'-kum] [anpoQ, at the end ; a&p^ (aapiC), flesh]. In biology, a berry fruit produced by an ovary with an adnate calyx, c. g., a. currant or cran- berry. Acroscleriasis (ak-ro-skle-ri' -as-is) [impov, extremity; OK^pS;, hard]. Sclerotic changes in the extremities. Acroscopic (ctk-ro-skop' -ik) [dxpof , apex ; BKoirelv, view]. In biology, looking toward the top. Acrosphacelus {ak-ro-sfas'-el-us) \&Kpov, extremity; (s^liKzho^, dead]. Gangrene of an extremity. Acrospire (ak' -ro-splr) [a/cpof, at the top; airupa, a coil, spire]. In biology, the first sprout of a grain. Acrospore (ak'-ro-spor) [aKpog, at the end ; mropd, seed]. In biology, the spore of one of those fungi that fruit at the summit of simple erect hyphse. See /'eronospora. Acrospores (ak'-ro-spoi-z) [d/cpof, topmost; airopd, a seed]. See Conidia. AcTOsporous (ak-ros' -po-rus) [d/cpof , topmost ; airopd, a seed]. ^&rs\& i& Acrospore . Acrotarsial {ak-ro-tar' -se-al) [aapog, extremity; rapcrdg, tarsus]. In biology, pertaining to the instep. Acrotarsium {ak-ro-tar' -se-iim) [d/cpof, top ; rapadg, tarsus]. The instep. Acroteria {ak-ro-te' -re-afi) '[aKpari/pia']. The extremi- ties. Acrothymion, or Acrothymum {ak-ro-thi' -me-on) [ctKpof, summit; 6vfiog, thyme]. A rugose wart with a broad top. Acrotic (ak-rot'-ik) [d/cpof, extreme, outmost]. Relat- ing to the glands of the skin; affecting the surface. Acrotica (ak-rof -ik-ah) [dxpof, extreme]. Acrotic diseases. Acrotism (ah' -krot-izm) [d priv. ; Kpdroc, striking]. Any defective beating of the pulse ; failure of the pulse. Acrotismus (ah-krot-iz' -noes) [d priv. ; Kpdroq, strik- ing]. See Acrotism. Acrylaldehyd [ak-ril-al' -de-kld) [acer, sharp ; aldehyd'^ , CjH^O. Acrolein, the aldehyd of the allyl series; obtained by distilling glycerin to which strong phos- phoric acid has been added, or by the dry distillation of fatty bodies ; a colorless, mobile liquid, boiling at 52°, possessing a sp. gr. of 0.8410 at 20°. It has a pungent odor and attacks the mucous membranes in a violent manner. It occasions an odor of burning fat. It is soluble in 2-3 parts of water. Actea, or Actsea {ak-te'-aK) \JiK.Tfi, the elder] . A genus of ranunculaceous plants having active medicinal qual- ities. A. alba, the white cohosh, has much the same qualities as A. spicata. A. cimicifuga is more im- portant. See Cimicifuga. A. racemosa. See Cimi- cifuga. A. rubra, red cohosh, and A. spicata, are purgative and emetic. Actinal [ak'-tin-al] [d/cri'f, a ray]. In biology, per- taining to the oral pole, surface, or aspect of a radiate animal. Actine (ak'-tin) [dxrif, a ray] . In biology, a spicular ray, in sponges. Actinenchyma (ak-tin-en' -kim-aH) [d/crif, ray ; iyx^ii^ci', infusion]. In biology, a tissue of stellate cells. Actinic (ak-tin'-ik) [aKTiQ, a ray] . ■ Referring to those wave-lengths of the spectrum corresponding to the violet and ultra-violet parts of the same that produce chemical changes in the haloid salts of silver, and are therefore valuable in photography. Actiniochrotne (ak-tin' -e-o-kroni) [d/crif , a ray ; xp<^l^ci, color] . A red pigment obtained from certain Actinias. Actinism [ak' -tin-izm) [d/crif, a ray]. The chemical quality of light, or of the sun's rays. Actinohematin (ak-tin-o-hem'-a-tin) [hiinv, ray ; alfia, blood]. In biology, a respiratory pigment found by MacMunn in Actinia. Actinoid {ak'-iin-oid ) [dxrif , ray ; elSog, form] . In zoology, radiate, as a star fish. . Actinologous (fl/j-/««-o/'-D-^«.r) [d/cHf, aray; UyoQ,^ word]. In biology, exhibiting actinology. Actinologue {ak-tin' -o-log) [dmf , a ray ; Myog, a word] . In biology, a part possessing actinologous homology. Actinology {ak-tin-ol' -o-je) [d/crif, a ray ; 'kdyog, a word]. In biology, that kind of homological relation that exists between the successive segments, regions, o( divisions of a part or organ, in that they radiate ot spring from it. ACTINOMERE 42 ACUPUNCTURE Actinomere (ak-tin'-o-mlr) [dicTif, ray; /j-ipog, a part]. In zoology, one of the radiating partitions characteristic of the Aciinozoa, Actinomeric {ak-tin-o-mer' -ik^ [d«r/f, a ray ; fi^po^^ a part]. In biology, radiately divided. Actinomorphic {ak-tin-o-morf'-iJi) [afcr/f, a ray; jjiopipri, form]. Same as Actinomorphous . Actinomorphous (ak-tin-o-morf'-us) [d/cHf, ray; fiop^, form]. Regularly radiated, as flowers divis- ible into similar portions in tvfo or more vertical planes. Actinomyces {ak-tin-om' -is-ez) [d/CTif, a ray; li.^Ki)i, mushroom]. A genus of parasitic fungoid organisms. One species, A. bovis, causes the disease actinomyco- sis. Called also the Ray Fungus. Actiuomycoma [ak-tin-o-mi-ko' -maJC) [d/cTi'f, a ray; /ivuric, a fungus : //. , Actinomycomata] . A tumor such as is characteristic of actinomycosis. Actinomycosis [ak-tin-o-mi-co^ -sis) [d/cr/f , a ray ; fivnr]^, a fungus]. A parasitical, infectious, inoculable disease first observed in cattle, and also occurring in man, - and characterized by the manifestations of chronic inflammation, vifith or vfithout suppuration, often re- sulting in the formation of granulation tumors. The disease is due to the presence of a characteristic micro- parasite, the ray fungus^ Actinomyces bovis, which is composed of fine mycelial threads and club-shaped bodies. The most frequent and most curable form is when the abscesses form about the jaws and teeth. The best mode of staining the threads is by Gram's method. To stain the clubs as found in man is diffi- cult ; the best results have been obtained with orange rubin or eosin. The only treatment of the disease is removal of the infected tissue. When the parasite has found a nidus in the lungs or digestive tract, all treatment is so far useless. The disease is often called lumpy-jaw and holdfast. Actinomycotic [ak-tin-o-mi-koi' -ik) [hia-ig, ray ; iJniiaiQ, fungus]. Pertaining to or affected with actinomy- cosis. Actinophore {ak-tin' -o-fir) [d/crif, a ray; ijiipeiv, to bear]. In biology, one of the peripheral elements affording support to the true fin rays in typical fishes and selachians. Actinophorous [ak-tin-off' -o-rus) \hKTii, ray ; fipeiv, to bear]. In biology, bearing ray-like spines. Actinosoma [ak-lin-o-so'-mak) [d/cWf, ray; ad/ia, body]. In biology, the entire body of a simple or composite actinozoan. Actinospora chartarum (ak-tin-o-spo' -rah char-ta'- rum) \b.K.Tlv, ray ; at>im, body ; charta, paper] . A parasitic fungus developing on paper and books. Actinost [ak' -tin-ost) [d/cTif , ray ; bariov, a bone] . In ichthyology, one of the bones supporting the pectoral and ventral fins in true fishes. Actinosteophyte {ak-tin-os' -te-o-fW) [dsr^f, a ray; osteophyte'] . An osteophyte of radiated form. Actinostome (ak-tin' -o-stom) [d/crif, ray; ardjia, mouth]. In biology, the mouth of an actinozoan. Actinotrichium {ak-tin-o-trik' -e-um) [d/crif , ray ; BpiXy a hair] . In biology, a fiber in the fin-fold of an em- bryo -fish, the forerunner of the adult fin-ray. Actinotrocha [ak-iin-of -ro-kaH) [d/cWf, ray; Tpoxh, ring] . The larva of certain gephyrean worms, char- acterized by rings of cilia about the mouth and anus. Actinozoa [ak-tin-o-zo'-ah) \hKTl(, ray; faov, an ani- mal]. A division of celenterates including the sea- anemones, coral-polyps, etc., having rayed tentacles about the mouth, and a digestive sac connected to the body wall by radial dissepiments called mesen- teries. Actinula [ak-tin' -u-lah) [dim. of ditrif, ray: //., Actinula\. In biology, the oval generative zooid of a gymnoblastic hydroid, developing without interme- diate metamorphosis into a hydroid of the adult form. Action (ak'-shun) \agere, to do, or perform] . In physi- ology, a term used to denote the function of an organ. A., Reflex, an involuntary movement of an organ or part of the body resulting from an impression carried by a sensory or afferent nerve to a subordinate center, and then sent back by an efferent nerve to some point at or near the source of irritation. Active (ak'-tiv) \_agere, to do, or perform] . In medicine, a term applied to treatment the reverse of passive, that is, where the pathological conditions are acted upon directly rather than partly Controlled. Also, in a growing condition ; opposed to dormant. A. Insuffi- ciency of Muscles. See Insufficiency. A. Spots, the cortical centers of the brain, especially those that control definite muscular movements. Activity {ak-tiv' -ii-e) \agere, to do or perform] . Capa- city for acting ; sensibility; vitality; potency; energy. Actual [ak'-chu-al) \agere,to do]. Real, effective; not potential. A. Cautery. See Cautery. Actuation (ak-chu-a' -shuti) \_agere,X.o do, or perform]. That mental function that is exercised between the im- pulse of volition and its actualization or perform- ance. Acuchi [ah-koo'-chi). The resin or balsam obtained from Idea heterophylla, a tree of tropical America. It is almost identical with elemi. Unof. Acufilopressure [ak-u-Ji' -lo-pres-ur) \aciis, needle ; filum, a thread ; pressure] . A combination of acupres- sure and ligation. Acuity (ak-u' -it-e) [acuitas ; acuere, to sharpen] . Acuteness or clearness of visual power in the percep- tion of small or distant objects. Aculeate {ak-u' -le-ai) [aculeus, a sting, prickle]. In botany, armed with prickles, i.e. , aculii; as the rose and brier. In biology, having a sting. Aculeiform {ak-u-le' -if-orm) [aculeus, prickle ; forma, shape]. Resembling a prickle. Aculeolate iak-u' -le-o-lat) \aculeolus, a little prickle]. In biology, beset with small prickles. Aculeus {ak-u'-le-us')\d\xa.oiacus, aneedle: pi., Aculei]. In biology, a prickle or pointed excrescence of the bark, as in the rose or raspberry ; the modified ovipositor or sting of a hymenopterous insect. Acumeter [ak-oo' -met-er) [aK&veiv, to hear ; /lirpov, a measure]. Instrument for testing hearing. Acuminate ( ak-u' -min-at ) [ acuminattis, pointed, acute]. Taper-pointed or sharp-pointed. Acuminose, or Acuminous (ak-u'-min-os, or -us) [acumen, point]. In biology, same as Acuminate. Acuminulate (ak-u-min' -u-lat) [dim. of acumen, a point] . Slightly taper-pointed. Kz^xfi^ssiorTiak-u-presh'-un) \acus, a needle •,premere, to press]. Acupressure. Acupressure (ak' -u-presh-Hr) \acus, a r\ft^Sif,premere, to press] . An operation to stop hemorrhage or aneu- rysm by the compression of a needle inserted into the tissues upon either side, either above or below the vessel. There are a variety of methods of performing acupressure. Acupuncturation (ak-u-pungk-chu-ra' -shun) \acus, a needle; punctura, a puncture]. Acupuncture. Acupuncturator (ak-u-pungk' -chu-ra-tor) \acus, a needle; /««rf«rfl, a puncture]. An instrument used in performing acupuncture. Acupuncture (ak'-u-punk-chUr) [acus, a needle ; pun- gere, to prick] . Puncture of the skin or tissue by one or more needles for the relief of pain, the exit of fluid, the coagulation of blood in an aneurysm, etc. ACUS 43 ADELOPKEUMONA A.CUS [a' -km) [L. j. A needle. A. Ad Cataractam, a cataract needle. A. Cannulata, a trocar to be used with a cannula. A. Electrica, a needle for use with electricity. A. Exploratoria, an exploring needle. A. Interpunctoria, a needle for eye-operations. A. In- vaginata,a sheathed needle. A. Sutoria, a needle for stitching wounds. Acute [ak-ilt) \acutus, sharp]. Merely sharp-pointed or ending in a point less than a right, angle. Some- times used In the sense of forming a sharp angle. Used of disease having a rapid and severe onset, progress, and termination. When applied to pain, sound, vision, etc., means sharp, keen. Acutenaculum [ak-u-ten-ak' -u-luni) \_acus, a needle ; tenaculum : pi., Acutenacula\. A needle-holder. Acuteness (ak-uf -nes) \acutus, sharp]. The quality of being acute, rapid, or sharp. Referring to vision, used as a synonym of keenness or acuity. Acutifoliate {ak-u-te-fo'-le-St) [acutus, sharp ; foliatus, leaved]. In biology, bearing sharp-pointed leaves. Acutilobate (ak-u-te-lo' -baty [acutus, sharp ; lobatus, lobate]. In biology, possessing acute lobes, as a leaf. Acutorsion [ak-u-tar' -shun) [^acus, a needle ; torsu>n'\ . The twisting of an artery with a needle as a means of controlling hemorrhage. Acyanoblepsia [a/i-si-an-o-6lep^-se-alt) [apriv.; niiavoc, blue; ;3/ltT/)(o, sight]. Same as Acy anopsia. A.cyanopsia {ah-si-an-op' -se-ah) [a priv.; Kiaroc, blue; 4i/)(f. sight]. Inability to distinguish blue colors. Acyclic (ah-slk'-lik) [apriv; KVKKLK.6q, circular]. In botany, not whorled. Acyesis (ah-si-e' -sis) [d priv. ; diiimc, pregnancy] . I. Sterility of the female. 2. Non-pregnancy. Acyetic [ah-si-et'-ik) [d priv.; Kmiaig, pregnancy]. Relating to acyesis. Acyprinoid (ah-sip' -rin-oid) [d priv. ; cyprinoidl. In biology, a region in the fauna of which the Cypri- nidie and Labyrinthici are wanting. Acystia [ah-sis'-te-ah) [d priv.; idiaTig, bladder]. Ab- sence of the bladder. Acystinervia {ah-sis-tin-er' -ve-aK) [d priv. ; xiioTi^, bladder; nervus, a nerve]. Paralysis or lack of nerve stimulus in the bladder. Ad \ad, to]. A Latin prefix of words and terms, signi- fying to, toward, at, etc. Ad deliquium, to fainting. Ad libitum, at pleasure, or according to discretion. Ad, or Add. A contraction of Adde, or Additur, meaning, add, or let there be added ; used in prescrip- tion writing. P^ia.ZTya.(ah-dak'-re-aK) [d priv. ; (Jdjcpuoi', tear]. Ab- sence or deficiency of the secretion of tears. Adactyl [ah-dak' -til) [d priv.; SaKTvTMi, digit]. I. Without fingers or without toes. 2. A monstrosity that has an absence of digits. Adactylia [ah-dak-til' -e-cih) [d priv. ; S&Kjvkoi, a fin- ger]. Absence of the digits. Adactylism {ah-dak' -til-izni) [d priv. ; Sfuavkoq, a finger]. The absence of the digits. Adactylous {ah-dak> -til-us) [d priv.; ddKTij/lof, a fin- ger]. Without fingers or toes. In biology, without claws. Adaemonia (ad-e-mo' -ne-ah) . See Ademonia. Adamantin [ad-am-an' -tin) [d(5d/iaf, from d priv.; iajia^uv, to overpower] . Pertaining to adamant. A. Cement, a substance used for filling teeth, consisting of finely powdered silex or pumice stone mixed with an amalgam of mercury and silver. See Amalgam. A. Substance, the enamel of the teeth. Adambulacral [ad-am-bu-la' -kral) [ad, against; am- bulacrum]. In biology, adjoining the ambulacra, as certain ossicles in echinoderms. Adami^a (ad-am-i' ;tah) [L.]. A white vesical calculus. Adam's Apple [ad'-amz apf-pl),. See Pomum Adami. A. Operation. See Operations, Tdble of. Adapsonia digitata [ad-an-so' -ne-ah dij-it-a'-tah). The Baobab tree, a native of Africa. The bark is used in the form of an infusion, gj to Oj, as a remedy for intermittent fever. Unof. Adansonin {ad-an'-so-nin). A febrifiigal alkaloid from the leaves and bark of Adansonia Digitata. Unof. Adaptation {ad-ap-ta' -shon) [adaptare, to adjust]. In biology, favorable organic modifications suiting a plant or animal to its environment. A. of the Retina, the faculty possessed by the retina of accommodating the power of vision to a diminished amount of light, as in a darkened room. Adarce (ad-ar'-se) [dddp/c^, a salty efflorescence]. A salty allcaline concretion found in salt-marshes in Asia Minor. It is detergent and has been much used in leprosy and skin diseases. Unof. Adarticulation (ad-ar-tik-u-la' -shuri) \ad, to ; articula- tio, a jointing]. See Arthrodia. Addephagia {ad-e-fa' -je-aK) [L.]. See Bulimia. Adder's-tongue (ad'-erz-tung). The leaves of Ophio- glossum vulgatum, a common perennial herb ; muci- laginous, and used in the preparation of salves. Unof. A. -wort {ad'-erz-wert). See Bistort. Add'ison's Disease. Melasma supraJ-enale, dermato- melasma-supra-renale , or cutis serea (' ' bronzed skin " ) , a disease of the supra-renal capsules, first described by Dr. Addison, and characterized by tubercular infiltra- tion of the capsules, discoloration of the skin, progres- sive anemia, and asthenia, ending in death from exhaus- tion. See Diseases, Table of. A. Keloid. See Keloid and Morphea. Additamentum (ad-it-am-en'-tum) [L. ] . Any appen- dix, as an epiphysis. A. Coli, the appendix vermi- formis. Adducens {ad-du'-senz) [L.]. An adductor, a term applied to certain muscles. A. Oculi, the internal rectus muscle of the eye. Adducent {ad-du' -sent) \adducens\ Performing ad- duction. Adduction (ad-duk' -shurC) \adductio ; adducere, to bring toward]. Any movement whereby a part is brought toward another or toward the median line of the body. A. of the Byes, the power of the internal recti measured by the maximum ability to preserve singleness of the image wit^ prisms placed bases to- ward the temples. It varies from 30° to 50°. See also Abduction. Adductive [ad-duk'-tiv) [adducens]. Same as Addu- cent. Adductor [ad-duk' -tor) [adducere, to bring forward]. Any muscle effecting adduction. Adelarthrosomatous {ad-el-ar-thro-so'-mat-us) [d priv. ; S^'aoq, manifest ; apdpov, joint ; aa/za, body] . In biology, indistinctly segmented, or articulated. Adelaster (ad-el-as' -ter) [adrfkoq, not manifest ; acTiip, star]. In biology, -a. cultivated plant that for the time being cannot be referred to its proper genus. Adelocodonic (ad' -el-o-ko-don' -ik) [drfTy^of, not mani- fest; Ki)&tM, a bell]. In biology, lacking a disc or umbrella ; said of a gonophore. Adelomorphous (ad-el-o-mor' -fits) [d<5)?^oc,not evident ; fcop(j>^, form]. Not delomorphous ; not clearly defined ; not having a determinate form (a term applied to certain cells in the gastric glands.) Adelopneumona (ad-el-op-nu' -mo-nah) [h&njkoi;, not manifest ; ■wvivjiw, lung] . In biology, the Pulmoni- fera among gasteropods, the pulmonary cavity being hidden by the mantle. ADELOPOD 44 ADENO-MYOMA Adelopod, Adelopode (a-de'-lo-pod, -pod) [drf^/lof.not manifest ; n-oiif , foot] . In biology, an animal with con- cealed or inconspicuous feet. Adelphia (ad-el' -fe-ah) [ode/l^cSf, brotherhood]. In biology, a group of stamens united by their filaments. Adelphous (ad-el' -fus) [odE/l^iif , brotherhood] . Having stamens with more or less coalescent filaments. Ademonia (ad-e-mo' -ne-aK) [ a priv. ; dri/iovia, trouble, distress]. Mental distress. Adexnosyne (ad-e-mos' -i-n-e) [^adT/fwavvT^f trouble, dis- tress]. Depression of spirits ; home-sickness. Aden (a' -den) [aS^, an acorn, a gland] . A gland ; a bubo. A. Fever. See Dengue. A. Ulcer. See Phagedena tropica. Adenalgia (ad-en-al' -je-ah) \h&ip!, gland ; a/lyof, pain] . Glandular pain. Adenectopia (ad-en-ek-to' -pe-ah) \a6ijv^ gland ; ^uroTrog, away from a place]. A condition in which the gland does not occupy its proper position. Adenetnphraxis (ad-en-em-fraks' -is) [hfitiv, gland ; i/i(j)pa^iC, a stoppage] . Glandular obstruction. Adenia (ad-e' -ne-ah) \a&rtv, gland]. Enlargement of the glands ; Lymphadenoma, q. v. Adenic (ad-en'-ik) [hSijv, gland]. Relating to or of the nature of a gland. Adenifonn [ad-en' -e-for?n) \_a67iv^ gland ; fornta.^ resem- blance] . Of the shape of a gland ; glandlike. Adenin (ad'-en-in) [adrp), a gland — first discovered in pancreatic glands], C5H5N5. A leucomaine . discov- ered in 1885 by Kossel ; the simplest member of the uric acid group of leucoraaines. A relation exists between hydrocyanic acid and all the members of this group, and the base, adenin, seems to be formed by polymerization of hydrocyanic acid. It occurs, with other bases, as a decomposition product of nuclein, and may be obtained from all animal and vegetable tissues rich in nucleated cells. It crystallizes in leaflets with pearly, luster. It exists largely in the liver and urine of leucocythemic patients, as a result of the breaking up of the nucleated white blood corpuscles. It appears to be necessary to the formation and building up of organic matter, playing an important part, together with guanin, in the physiological function of the cell nucleus. Nuclein, the parent of adenin and guanin, has been credited with a direct relation to the repro- ductive powers of the cell. Adenin is not poisonous. Its physiological action is not definitely known. Adenitis (ad-en-i' -tis) \h&iiv, gland ; itis, inflammation] . Inflammation of a gland- See Bubo and Lymphadeni- tis. Adenization (ad-en-i-za' -shun) [aSifv, a gland]. Ade- noid degeneration. Adeno- (ad-e' -no) \_aSf]v, gland]. A prefix used to de- note relation to glands. Adenoblast (ad' -en-o-blasi) [hSirv, a gland; jShmrdc, a germ] . Any functionally active gland-cell ; a cell that assists in the glandular action. Adeno-carcinoma (ad-en-o-kar-sin-o' -mah) \aSfiv, gland ; napKivor, a cancer] . Adenoma blended with carcinomatous elements. Adenocarcinomatous { ad- en-o-kar-sin-o'- mat- us ) l_ad^v; Kapulvoo]. Of the nature of adeno-carcinoma. Adenocele (ad'-en-o-sll, or ad-en-o-se' -le) [aS^, gland ; Kijhj, a tumor]. See Adenoma. Adenochirapsology (ad-en-o-ki-rap-sol' -o-je) [^M^v, gland ; ;t^/p, hand ; aTrrm', to touch; /liiyof, treatise]. The obsolete doctrine of the healing of scrofula by the touch of a king's hand. Adeno-chondroma ( ad-en-o-kon-dro' -mah ) [ a&ijv, gland ; ;f d vrfpof, cartilage : //. , Adeno-chondromata'\ . A tumor consisting of both glandular and cartilaginous tissue. Adeno-cystoma (ad-en-o-sis-to'-mah) [aiijv, gland; KioTi^, bladder ; oma, tumor] . A cystic adenoma. Adenodiastasis (ad-en-o-di-as'-tas-is) [aSf/v, gland; 6i6.aTaai.g, separation]. I. Displacement of a gland. 2. Abnormal separation of a gland into distinct parts. Adenodiastatic (ad-en-o-di-as-tat'-ik) [a.6^, gland; (SidaTaaif, separation]. Relating to or marked by adenodiastasis. Adenodynia (ad-en-o-din'-e-ah) [aSip>, gland ; bSvvri, pain]. See Adenalgia. Adeno-fibroma (ad-en-o-fi-bro' -maK) \hSip>, gland; fibra, a fiber]. A combination of adenoma and fibroma. Adenofibromatous (ad-en-o-fi-bro' -mat-us) \hSijv, gland ; fibra, a fiber]. Of the nature of adeno- fibroma. Adenogenesis (ad-en-o-jen' -es-is) \h&iiv, a gland ; y'eve- oig, a creation]. The development of a gland. Adenography (ad-en-og' -ra-fe) \aSiiv, a gland ; ypi^eiv, to write]. A treatise on the glandular system. Adenoid (ad'-en-oid) [aS^v, gland ; eiJof , resemblance]. Resembling a gland. A. Acne. See Lupus, Dissemi- nated Follicular. A. Body, the prostate gland. A. Disease. Synonym of ffodgkins's Disease. A . Tis- sue. See Animal Tissue . A. Tumor. See Adenoma. A. Vegetations, a term applied to an hypertrophy of the adenoid tissue that normally exists in the naso- pharynx. This hypertrophy is associated with the fol- lowing characteristic symptoms : Vacant expression of the child, open mouth, noisy breathing, more or less impairment of the hearing, a hacking cough, a pecu- liar muffling of the voice, and an enlargement of the tonsils. The vegetations exert an injurious influence on the physical development of the children so affected. The most important predisposing cause is youth ; they are met with in all classes of life and in all climates. Treatment consists in the early and complete removal of the growths. Adenoidal (ad-en-oid'-al) \a6iiv, a gland ; f Mof, an ap- pearance]. Somewhat resembling a gland. Adenologaditis (ad-en-o-log-ad-i' -tis) [atf^v, a gland ; /loyddef, whites of the eyes; (r(f, inflammation], i. Ophthalmia neonatorum. 2. Inflammation of the glands and conjunctiva of the eyes. Adenology (ad-en-ol' -o-je) \hStiv, gland; ^dyof, a dis- course]. The science of the glandular system. Adeno-lymphocele (ad-en-o-limf -o-sll) [a6iiv, gland ; lympha, lymph; Kif'kr), tumor]. Dilatation of the lymph-vessels and enlargement of the lymphatic glands. Adenoma (ad-en-o' -maK) [atSi^v, gland; oma, tumor: pi. , Adenomata"] . A tumor that has sprung from a gland or is constructed after the type of a secreting gland. A. destruens, a destructive form of adenoma, in- volving the stomach walls. A. sebaceum, neoplastic papules on the face, of congenital origin but of later development. The disease occupies the 'position of acne rosacea, i. e., the middle two-thirds. The lesions are roundish, convex papules, from a millet to a hemp- seed in size, of a bright crimson color, but may be quite colorless and slightly translucent. They do not pale on pressure. They are usually associated with intellectual inferiority, a large proportion of the patients being imbeciles or chronic epileptics. Adenomalacia (ad-en-o-mal-a' -she-ah) \_aiiiv, a gland; fiaXania, softening]. Abnormal softness of a gland. Adenomesenteritis (ad-en-o-mes-en-ter-i' -tis) \a&iiv, a. gland ; jiian^, middle ; Ivrepov, intestine ; it/;, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the mesenteric glands. Adeno-myoma (ad-en-o-mi-o'-mah) \^a.S^ii, a gland ; /J.VQ, a muscle; oma, tumor: pi., Adeno-myomata\ A tumor composed of glandular and muscular tissues. ADENO-MYXOMA 45 ADIPOCERE Adeno-myxoma {ad-en-o-miks-o' -maK) [adifv, a gland ; /itif a, mucous; oma, tumor: pi. , Adeno-myxomata]. A growth having the characters of adenoma and myxoma. Adenoncosis {ad-en-on-ko'-sis) [aSiiv, a gland ; dyxaaig, swelling]. The enlargement of a gland. Adenoncus [ad-en-ong' -kza) [aS^v, gland; fi/Kof, a mass] . A glandular tumor. Ad'eno-ner'vous Fe'ver. Synonym of Plagtie. Adeno-neurotic (dd-en-o-nu-rof -ik) \h&iiv, a gland; vevpov, nerve]. Pertaining to the glands and nerves. A. Fever, the plague. Adenopathy (ad-en-op' -a-the) [^aSi/v, gland ; irddog, dis- ease]. Any disease of a gland or of the glands. Adenopharyngitis ( ad-en-o-far-j.n-ji' -tis ) [ hdiiv, a gland ; ^dpwyf, the throat; tTkpeiv, to bear] . Glandular, or gland-bearing. Adenophthalmia {ad-en-off-thal' -me-aK) \b,Si)v, gland; h^d^fiog, the eye]. Inflammation of the Meibomian glands. Adenophthalmitis [ad-en-off-thal-mi'-tis). Same as Adenophthalmia. Adenophyllous {ad-en-off ' -U-ks) ^aS^v, a gland ; (jAMov, a leaf]. In biology, with leaves which bear glands. Adenophyma {ad-en-o-fi' -maK) \b,&iiv, gland ; 0v^a, growth] . A swelling of a gland or ganglion ; a bubo. Adenopodous {ad-en-op' -o-dus) [ddi^v, gland; Troif, foot]. In biology, bearing glands on the footstalk or petiole. ♦ Adeno-sarcoma {ad-en-o-sar-ko' -maK) \a,Siiv, a gland ; crdpf, flesh; oma, a tumor: pi. , Adeno-sarcomata'\. A tumor with the characters of adenoma and sarcoma. Adeno-scirrhus ( ad-en-o-skir' -us ) [ h6fiv, gland ; (TKippof]. Adenoma with scirrhous or carcinomatous elements. Adenosclerosis {ad-en-o-skle-ro' -sis) [^ad^, a gland; OKkripd^, hard]. A hardening of a gland, with or without swelhng. Adenose {ad'-en-os) [a&l]v, gland]. Glandular; abounding in glands ; gland-like. Adenosis {ad-en-o' -sis) [aSfiv, a. ^a,n&'\. I. Any glandu- lar disease. 2. Any chronic glandular disorder. Adenotomy {ad-en-of -o-me) [aSijv, a gland ; Tdfiri, a. cutting]. The anatomy of the glands; dissection or incision of a gland. Adenous {ad'-en-us) [a&fjv, gland]. See Adenose. Adephagia {ad-e-fa' -je-aK) \b.&ri^ayia, gluttonous]. A gluttonous appetite ; bulimia. Adephagous {ad-ef -ag-us) [d(J(?^ayia]. Gluttonous. Adeps {ad'-eps) [L., gen., Adipis^ Lard. The fat obtained from the abdomen of the hog, Sus Scrofa. Composed of 38 per cent, stearin and margarin, and 62 per cent, olein. Forms 70 per cent, of ceratum and 8q of unguentum, q. v. A. anserinus, goose- grease. A. benzoinatus, contains two per cent, of benzoin. A. lanse hydrosus, hydrous wool-fat, the purified fat of the wool of sheep. A. ovillus, mutton suet. Adipis, Oleum, a fixed oil expressed from lard. A. praeparatus (B. P.), purified fat of the hog. Ung. Simp., contains white wax, benzoated lard, and almond-oil. A. suillus, hogs' lard ; adeps. Adepsin {ad-ep'-sin) [adeps, lard]. A petrolatum much like vaselin. Adermia {ah-der'-me-ah) [a priv. ; Sipfia, skin]. Ab- sence or defect of the skin. Adermonervia {ah-der-mo-ner'-ve-ah) [a priv. ; depfta, skin ; nervus, a nerve] . Loss or lack of nerve-stimulus in the skin. Adermotrophia {ah-der-mo-tro' -fe-ah) [d priv. ; ikpfia, skin; rpo^, nutrition]. Atrophy of the skin. Adesmia {ah-des' -me-ah). See Adesmy. Adesmosis {ah-des-mo' -sis) [d priv.; ieaiiAg, a band]. Atrophy of the cutaneous connective tissue. Adesmy {ah-des' -me) \a&mfu>g, unfettered] . In botany, the separation of parts normally entire or united. Adglutinate {ad-glu' -tin-at) . Same as Agglutinate. Adhatoda Vasica {ad-haf -o-dah vas'-ik-ah). Mala- bar nut; leaves of A.justicia,&\xte of. the order of Acanthaceae, growing in India. Expectorant and anti-spasmodic. Dose of the fld. ext. 3X~J- Adherence {ad-he' -rens) [adhcerere, to adhere]. See Adhesion. ' Adherent {ad-he' -rent) \adhmrere, to adhere]. In botany, adnate ; the union of unlike structures. Adhesion {ad-he' -zhun) [adharere, to stick to] . Abnor- mal union of two surfaces as a result of abrasion, inflammation, etc. A., Primary, called also Healing by First Intention and by Immediate Union, a method of healing of woimds by the production of lymph, followed by the vascularization and cicatrization of the exudate. A., Secondary, or Healing by Second Intention, or by Granulation, is that mode of healing attended by the production of pus and the formation of granulations. A. Plaster. See Emplastrum. Adhesive {ad-he' -siv) [adhcerere, to adhere]. Sticky, tenacious. A. Inflammation, inflammation accom- panied by plastic exudation, and tending to the union of apposed surfaces. It may be reparative in its effect, as in wounds, or it may be injurious in its results, as in some cases of pleurisy. A. Plaster. See liesin and Emplastrum. Adiantum {ad-e-an' -turn) [d priv. ; Siavrdg, wettable]. A genus of ferns; the maiden-hair. A. capillus- veneris and A. pedatum, of N. America, are service- able in coughs. The demulcent and anti-hectic remedy, capfllaire, is prepared from the former. Unof. Adiaphoresis {ah-di-af-o-re' -sis) [d priv. ; Si.a<^psvtiv, to perspire]. Deficient sweat. Adiaphoretic {ah-di-af-o-ref -ik). [d priv. ; Sta^peiiew, to perspiire]. Reducing the sweat ; anidrotic. Adiaphorous {ad-i-af -or-us) [ddm^opof, indifferent]. Neutral ; inert ; doing neither harm nor good. Adiapneustia {ah-de-ap-nus' -te-ah) [d priv. ; dumvev- arhiv, to perspire]. A stoppage of perspiration. Adiathesia {ah-di-ath-e'-se-ah) [d priv. ; Siddemc, con- dition]. A condition or particular disease that is not congenital. Adiathesic {ah-di-ath-e'-sik) [d priv. ; diddeaig, con- dition]. Not connected with any diathesis. Adiathetic {ah-di-ath-ef -ik) [d priv. ; Scd$eaig, condi- tion]. Adiathesic. Adicity {ad-is' -it-e). In chemistry, combining capacity, according as an element or a compound is a monad, dyad, etc. Same as Valency. Adinin {ad'-in-in). Sits Adenin. Adipate {ad'-ip-at) [adeps, fat]. Any salt of adipic acid. Adipic {ad-ip'-ik) [adeps, lard]. Of or belonging to fat. A. Acid. See Acid. Adipoceration {ad-ip-os-er-a'-shun) [adeps, fat ; cera, wax]. The formation of adipocere. Adipocere {ad' -ip-o-slr) [adeps, fat ; cera, wax]. A wax- like substance formed by the exposure of fleshy tissue to moisture, with the exclusion of air, /. e., in the ADIPOGENOUS 46 ADVANCEMENT earth or under water. It consists of the fatty acids in combination with tlie allcaline earths and ammonium. Human bodies in moist burial places often undergo this change. Adipogenous {ad-ip-oy -en-us) \adepSy fat; gignere, to produce] . Producing fat and adipose tissue, Adipoma [ad-ip-o''-mah) \adeps, fat ; oma, a tumor: //. , Adipomatd\. A fatty tumor; lipoma. Adipotnatous {ad-ip-o' -mat-us) \adeps, fat ; oma, a tumor]. Of the nature of adipoma. Adipose (ad'-ip-os) \adeps,i3.'C\. Fatty. A. Fin, the fleshy, rayless, dorsal fin of some fishes. A. Tissue, fat cells united by connective tissue ; distributed ex- tensively through the body. It is composed of triolein, tripalmitin, and tristearin, and is liquid during life or at the temperature of the living body. Adiposis (ad-ip' -o-sis) \adeps, fat; ojw, state]. Cor- pulence ; fatty degeneration ; fatty infiltration. A. hepatica, fatty degeneration or infiltration of the liver. Adipositas (ad-ip-os' -it-as) [L.]. Fatness; corpulency. KdxposAy {ad-ip-os' -it-e). Fatness; corpulency. Adipsia \ah-dip' -se-aK) \h priv. ; iV^a, thirst]. Absence of thirst. Adipsic (ah-dip'-sik) [d priv. ; 6hpa, thirst]. Pertain- ing to adipsia ; quenching thirst. Adipsous (ah-dip' -sus] [a priv. ; (5ii/;a, thirst]. Quench- ing thirst. Aditus (ad'-H-us) [ad, to ; ire, to go]. In anatomy, an entrance, as to any one of the radial canals of a sponge. A. laryngis, the entrance to the larynx. Ad'jective Col'oring Mafter. See Figments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs. Adjuster (ad-jus' -ter) [Fr. , adjuster, to adjust]. He who or that which adjusts. A device formerly used for the forcible reduction of dislocations. Adjust'ing Col'lar, See Collar. Adjustment, Coarse. Commonly, the rack and pinion for raising or lowering the tube of a microscope a considerable distance without lateral deviation. A., Fine, the micrometer screw generally at the top of the column of a microscope for raising or lowering the tube slowly through a short distance. Adjuvant (aj'-u-vant) [a«^«z'flrf, to assist]. A medicine that assists the action of another to which it is added. Admortal (ad-mor' -tal) [ad, to ; mors, mortis, death]. Moving from living muscular tissue toward that which is dead or dying, as electric currents. Adnascent [ad-nas' -eni) [ad, to ; nasci, to grow]. In biology, growing upon or attached to something. Adnata (ad-na'-tah) [ad, to; nasci, to be born, to grow]. I. T^x^ tunica adnata ; the conjunctiva; more correctly, a tendinous expansion of the muscles of the eye ; it lies between the sclerotic and the conjunctiva. 2. One of the coats of the testicle. In zoology, appendages of the skin, as scales, hair, feathers. Adnate [ad'-nst] [adnatus, grown to]. In biology, congenitally attached or united. Adnation (ad-na'-shun) [adnatus, grown to]. The state of being adnate. Adnerval {ad-ner'-val) [ad, to ; nerv.us, a nerve]. Moving toward a nerve ; said of electric currents in muscular fiber. Adneural [ad-nu' -ral) [ad, to ; veijpov, a nerve]. A term used to describe a nervous affection in which the disease is at the very point of the symptoms exclusively, as in the form of an adventitious deposit. Adnexa [ad-neks' -ah) [ad, to; nectere, to joint: pl.\ Adjunct parts, as the adnexa of the uterus. A. bulbi, the appendages of the bulb of the eye. Adolescence [ad-o-les' -ens) [adolescere, to grow]. Youth, or the period between puberty and maturity. usually reckoned as extending in males from about 14 to 25 years, and in females from 12 to 21 years. Adonidin (ad-on' -id-in) [Adonis\ A glucosid derived from Adonis vernalis, a plant indigenous in Europe and Asia. Recommended in cardiac dropsy. Dose gr. yi-)i. Unof. Adonis aestivalis [ad-o'-nis es-tiv-a'-lis). A plant much used in Italy as a cardiac tonic. Similar pro- perties possessed by A. vernalis. Dose of fld. ext. ny-ij. A. Tinctura, dose n\^x-xxx. Adoral [ad-o'-rat) [ad, near to ; os, the mouth]. Situated near the mouth. Adosculation (ad-os-ku-la'-skun) [ad, to ; osculari, to kiss] . Impregnation by external contact without intro- mission. Adpressed, or Appressed (ad-presd' or ap-resd') [ad- pressus"]. Brought into contact with but not united. Adradial {ad-ra'-de-al) [ad, near to ; radius, a ray]. Near a ray, as the third series of tentacles in certain hydrozoons. Cf. Interradial, Perradial. Adradii (ad-ra'-de-i) [ad, near to ; radius, a ray]. Special organs lying between the perradii and inter- radii of medusae. Adrectal (ad-rek' -tat) [ad, near by ; rectus, straight]. In biology, near the rectum, as certain glands. Adrenal {ad-re' -nal) [ad, near to; ren, the kidney]. In biology, adjacent to the kidney. Adrenals (ad-re' -nalz) [ad, near to ; ren, the kidney]. The supra-renal capsules. A'drian's Mix'ture. A hemostatic mixture containing chloride of iron 25 parts, chloride of sodium 15 parts, and water 60 parts. AdrostTal (ad-ros' -tral) [ad, to, at; rostrum, ht.2!iL\. In biology, belonging to or placed near the beak or snout. Adrue (ad-ru'-e). Anti-emetic root. The root of Cy- perus articulatus. Strongly recommended to check black vomit of yellow fever ; anthelmintic, aromatic, stomachic. Dose of the fld. ext. gtt. xx-xxx. Unof. Adscendent (ad-sen' -dent). See Ascending. Adstriction (ad-strik' -shun) [adstrictis, a binding]. Ligation ; astringent action ; constipation. Adsurgent, or Assurgent (ad-ser' -jent, as-ser' -jent) [ad, to ; surgere, to rise]. Same as Ascending, Adterminal (ad-ter' -min-al) [ad, near to ; terminus, the end]. Moving toward the insertion of a muscle; said of electric currents in muscular fiber. Adul Oil. An oil used in India for treating rheumatism. Adult (ad-ulf) [adolescere, adultus, to grow]. Mature ; of full legal age. One of mature age. A. Sporadic Cretinism. See Myxedema. Adulteration (ad-ul-ter-a' -shun) [adulterare, to cor- rupt]. The admixture of inferior, impure, inert, or less valuable ingredients to an article for gain, decep- tion, or concealment, Medicines, wines, foods, etc., are largely adulterated. Adumbrella (ad-um-brel'-aK). In biology, the upper surface of the velum in the medusee, the opposite of exumbrella or Abumbrella. Adumbrellar (ad-um-brel'-ar). In biology, pertaining to the upper or outer surface of the velum in the medusEe ; opposed to abumbrellar. Aduncous (ad-zing'-kus) [ad, to ; uncus, a hook, barb]. In biology, hooked, as the bill of a parrot or, hawk. Adust (ad-usf) [aa'«i/«j, burned up]. Hot and dry; parched. Adustion (ad-us'-chun) [adustm, burned up]. I. The quality of being adust. 2. Cauterization. Advancement (ad-vans' -ment) [M. E. , avancement]. An operation to remedy strabismus, generally in con- junction with tenotomy, whereby the opposite tendon from the over-acting one, having been cut, is brought ADVENTITIA 47 ^ROCOMIA SCLEROCARPA forward, so that, growing fast in a. more advanced position, it shall have more power to act upon the globe of the eye. A., Capsular, an operation similar to that on the tendon upon Tenon's capsule. It must be distinguished from advancement by the fact that the tendon itself is not divided. Adventitia {ad-ven-tish' -e-ak) \adventitius , foreign]. The external covering or coat of the blood-vessels. Adventitious (ad-ven-tish' -us) \adventitius, foreign]. Accidental, foreign, acquired, as opposed to natural or hereditary ; occurring out of the ordinary or normal place or abode. Adventive {ad-ven' -tiv). In biology, an incompletely naturalized exotic. Adverse (ad'-vers) [adversus, opposite]. In biology, turned or directed toward the axis. Adversifoliate [ad-ver-se-fo'-le-at ) [adversus, opposite ; folium, leaf]. See Adversifolious. Adversifolious (ad-ver-se-fo' -k'us^ [adversus, opposite ; folium, leaf]. In biology, having opposite leaves. Adynamia (ah-din-a' -me-aK) [apriv. ; diiva^if, power]. Deficiency or loss of vital or muscular power. Adynamic (ah-din-am'-ik) [a priv. ; Shvajug, power]. Pertaining to or characterized by adynamia. A, Fever. Synonym for Typhus Fever, q, v. IE.-. See E-. ^cidiofortn (e-std'-e-o-form) [aluia, a wheal; forma, form]. See ^cidiostdge. ^cidiomycetes (e-sid-e-o-mi-se' -tii) [akio, a wheal; /lina/g, a fungus], ^cidium fungi, including many of the rusts, blights, and mildews. ^cidiospore (e-sid' -e-o-spor) [aida, a. wheal ; airopa. seed, spore]. In biology, a fungal spore developed by abstriction in a member of the genus ^cidium. .fficidiostage (e-sid'-e-o-staj) [atida,,a. wheal; M. E. , stage]. The first stage in the reproduction of uredine fungi. Same as ^cidioform,. ^cidium {e-sid'-e-um) [aluia, a wheal; dim. , idtov']. The cup-shaped organ producing the secidiospoires in the uredine fungi. ^dceagra (e-de-a'-graK). See Edeagra. ^dceatrophia {e-de-at-ro' -fe-ah). See Edeatrophia. ^doeauxe {e-de-auks'-e). See Edeauxe. ^dceitis [e-de-i'-tis). See Edeitis. ^doeodynia {e-de-o-din' -e-aK). See Edeodynia. ^doeogargalismus (e-de-o-gar-gal-iz'-mus). See Edeo- gargalismus. .^dceography (e-de-og'-ra-fe). See Edeography. ^dceology [e-de-ol' -o-je). See Edeology. .^doeomania {e-de-o-ma' -ne-aK). See Edeomania. .ffidceomycodermitis {e-de-o-mi-ko-der-mi'-tis). See Edeomycodermitis. ^doeopsy (e-de'-op-se). See Edeopsy. ^dceoptosis (e-de-op-to'-sis'). See Edeoptosis. .^doeoscopy (e-de-os'-ko-pe). See Edeoscopy. ^doeotomy (e-de-ot'o-me). See Edeotomy. ^gagropila (e-gag-rop'-il-ah). Plural of ^gagropilus. ^gagropilus (e-gag-rop' -il-us) [aXyaypog, a wild goat ; m/lof, felt]. An intestinal concretion formed of hair, found in animals and occasionally in man. A bezoar. .^gilops (e'-jil-ops). See Egilops. .^githognathous (e-jith-og' -na-thus) [aiyiQoQ, the hedge-sparrow; }Td0of, jaw]. Characterized by having an antei-iorly truncated vomer in union with the ali- nasal wall and turbinals, as in passerine birds. ^gobronchophony [e-go-brong-koff'-o-ne). See Ego- bronchophony. .ffigoiiia (e-go' -ne-ah) [L.]. A minor or slight egophony. ^gophony {e-goff'-o-ne). See Egophony. JE,gy^tia. -oiceTa. {e-jip' -she-ah ul' -ser-ak) [L.]. Egyp- tian ulcers; a form of ulceration of the tonsils and fauces. ^ipathia (ak-ip-ath' -e-ah) [aemadeia, from aei, always ; ■k6Boq, a suffering]. Constant and incurable suffering. .ffiluropodous [e-lu-rop' -o-dus) [aVXavpog, cat ; novQ, foot]. Cat-footed. ^luropsis [el-u-rop'-sis) [alXvpog, cat ; otIilq, appear- ance]. Obliquity of the eye or of the palpebral fissure. ^quabiliter justo major, or ininor Pelvis (e-kwa- bil'-it-er). See Pelvis. Equator Oculi [e-kwa'-tor ok'-u-li). See Equator. .Equilibrium {e-kwil-ib'-re-um). See Equilibrium. Aer {a'-er). See Air. Aerated (a'-er-a-ted) [a^p, the atmosphere]. Impreg- nated or charged with carbon dioxid or air. Aeration (a-er-a' -shuri) [aiip, air]. The process of supplying or charging with air or with some gas, such as carbon dioxid; the state of being supplied with air or gas. Aerenchyma (a-er-en' -kim-aK) [hiip, air; iyxi'i-v, to pour]. In biology, cork-like plant tissue. Aerendocardia {a-er-en-do-kar'-de-ah) [anp, air ; evdov, within; napSia, heart]. The existence of air within the heart. Aerenterectasia {a-er-en-ter-ek-ta' -se-ah) [d^p, air; evrepov, intestine; iKraaig, distention]. Flatulence; distention of the abdomen by gfes within the intes- tines. Aerhemoctonia (a-er-hem-ok-to' -ne-ah) [aiip, air ; aljui, blood ; ktSvoc, killing]. Death by the entrance of air into the veins. Aerhemotoxia (a-er-hem.-o-toks' -e-aK) [dijp, air; dXjia, blood; Tof t/ciii', poison], ^ee Aerhemoctonia. Aerial [a-e'-re-al). Pertaining to the air. A. Fistula. See Fistula. Aeriferous [a-er-if'-er-tts) [arip, air; ferre, to bear]. Conveying air, as the trachea and its branches. Aerification [a-er-if-ik-a' -shun) [a^p, air; facere, to make]. I. The process of charging with air; the state of being charged with air. 2. Emphysema. Aerifluxus (a-er-if-luks' -us) [hijp, air; fluxus, flow]. Any abnormal escape of air, as by belching, flatulence, etc. Aeriperitonia ( a-er-ip-er-it-o-ne' -ah ) [ d^p, air ; Trepi, around; tej'wiv, to stretch]. Peritoneal tympanites. Aerobe {a'-er-oh) [aiip, air; /3iOf, life]. One of the aerobia. See Aerobic. Aerobia [a-er-o' -be-ah) [ai/p, air; ^iog, life]. Plural of Aerobe. Organisms that require air or free oxygen for the maintenance of life. A., Facultative, oi^an- isms normally or usually anaerobic, but under certain circumstances acquiring aerobic power. Aerobic (a-er-ob' -ik) [d^p, air; /Si'of, life]. Requiring oxygen (air) in order to live. A term applied to those bacteria requiting free oxygen. Those that do not grow in its presence are called anaerobic. Between these extremes there are forms that are able to grow without oxygen under favorable conditions, though they make use of it when present ; others that may grow in its presence, though flourishing best in its absence ; these are called respectively facultative aerobes or facultative anaerobes, in distinction from those first mentioned, which are called obliga- tory aerobes or anaerobes. Aerobiosis [a-er-o-bi-o' -sis) [hrip, air; ^iof, life]. Life that requires the presence of air, or free oxygen. Aerobiotic [a-er-o-bi-of -i/i) [aiip, air ; Piurticdg, pertain- ing to life]. Thriving only in the presence of free oxygen. .ffirocomia sclerocarpa (e-ro-ko' -me-ah skle-ro-kar'- pah). A South American plant, very popular as a remedy in leucorrhea, diarrhea, and albuminuria. I( is astringent. Unof. AEROCONISCOPE 48 .ESTIVATION Aeroconiscope {a-er-o-kon' -is-kof) \aflp, air ; k6vl^, dust; anoTTEiv, to inspect]. A device for collecting dust from the air for microscopical observation. Aerocyst (a' -er-o-sist) [07/9, air; Kvan^, bladder]. In biology, the air-bladder of sea-weeds. Aerodermectasia {a-er-o-der-mei-ta' -se-ah) [a^p, air; dipfia, skin ; eKTaai^, distention]. Surgical emphy- sema ; distention of the subcutaneous connective tis- sue by air. Aeroenterectasia (a-er-o-en-ier-ek-ta' -se-ah) \a^p, air ; lvre/301', intestine ; e/craffif, dilatation]. Distention of the bowels with gas. Aerognosy {a-er-og' -nose) [ivlip, air; yvCxng, knowl- edge]. See Aerology. Aerography [a-er-og' -ra-fe) \afip, air ; ypa^r/, a writing]. The description of the air and its qualities. Aerohydropathy {a-er-o-ki-drop' -a-tke) [^a^p, air ; v6up^ water; Trdflof, disease]. Pneumatic treatment of dis- ease, combined with hydropathy. Aerohydrous [a-er-o-hi' -drus) [a^p, air ; Map, water] . Containing air and water, as certain minerals. AsTo\ogy (a-er-ol'-o-je) [aiip, air; Wyof, treatise]. The science of the air and its qualities. Aerometer {a-er-om' -et-er) [alip, air ; /lirpov, a measure] . An instrument for ascertaining the density of gases. Aerometry [a-er-om' -et-re) [hrip, air; /i^rpov, a measure]. The science of measuring the density of gases. Aerophobia (a-er-o-fo' -be-ah) \a,iip, air; ^6/3of, fear]. Dread of a current of air ; a symptom of hydrophobia and hysteria. Aerophoby (a' -er-o-fo-be) [aiip, air; 6 ^oc, fear]. See Aerophobia. Aerophone [a/ -er-o-fori) [aiip, air; ^uvi^, sound]. An instrument for increasing the amplitude of sound- waves. Aerophore [a' -er-o-fbr) [af/p, air ; (popelv, to carry]. I. A device for the inflation of the lungs of a still-born child with air. 2. A breathing apparatus to be used by firemen and others, to prevent the inhalation of noxious gases. Aerophyte {a-er-o-fli) \hiip, air; ^iiTov, plant]. An air- plant. Aeropinic {a-er-o-pin' -ik) [aiip, air; ff(ve(j», to drink]. Affected with the habit of wind-sucking. Applied to a horse that habitually bites his crib or manger and swallows air. Aeroplethysmograph [a-er-o-pleth-iz' -mo-graf) [aiip, air; irTv^OoQ, fulness; ypcupeiv, to write]. An appara- tus for registering graphically the expired air; the latter raises a very light and carefully equipoised box placed over water, and this moves a writing-style. Aeropneumonectasia (a-er-op-nu-mo-nek-ta' -se-aJi) [aiip, air; weiiuM, the lung; ektobiq, distention]. Emphysema of the lungs. Aerorrhachia [a-er-o-ra' -ke-ah) [aiip, air; ./&ox'f> the spine]. An accumulation of air or gas in the spinal canal. Aeroscepsy (a-er-o-skep' -se) [a^p, air ; aKiipig, »- view- ing]. In zoology, the power of perceiving atmos- pheric changes. Aeioscope {a' -er-o-siop) [aiip, air; moTreiw, to observe]. An instrument for the examination of air-dust. Also, an instrument for estimating the purity of the air. Aeroscopy {a-er-os' -ko-pe) [aiip, air; amirelv, to observe]. The investigation of atmospheric condi- tions. Aerosis (a-er-o' -sis) [d^pecrfioj, to become air]. Gas for- mation within the body. Aerotherapeutics {a-e-ro-ther-a-pu' -tiks) [aiip, air ; deprmeiiuv, to serve]. Pneumatotherapeutics ; a mode of treating disease by varying the pressure or the com- position of the air breathed. Aerotherapy {a-er-o-ther'-a-pe) [hiip, air; depawsveiVjto serve]. See Aerotherapeutics. Aerothorax (a-er-o-tho' -raks) [aiip, air; di>pa^, the chest]. See Pneumothorax. Aerotonometer (a-er-o-to-nom' -et-er) [aiip, air ; rivog, tension ; fiiTpm, measure]. An instrument for estimating the tension of gases in the blood. Aerotropism [a-er-of -ro-pizm) [aiip, air; rpewsiv, to turn]. In biology, the deflection of roots from the normal direction of growth by the action of gases. Aerourethroscopy (a-er-o-u-rlth' -ro-sko-pe) [aiip, air ; oiip^Opa, urethra; aaoTtelv, to examine]. Urethroscopy conjoined with inflation of the urethra with air. Khrozoa. ia-er-o-zo' -ah) [aiip, air; f^jov, animal]. Same as Aerobia. Aerteriversion (a-er-ter-iv-er' -shun) [aiip, air ; Ttiptuv, to hold; vertere, to turn]. A method of arresting hemorrhage by everting the cut end of an artery, in- vaginating the vessel in itself and fixing the parts by a needle. Aerteriverter {a-er-ter-iv-er' -ter) [aiip, air; T^phiv, to hold; vertere, to turn]. An instrument used in per- forating aerteriversion. .ffiruginous [e-rti'-jin-us). See Eruginous. .^rugo (e-ru'-go) [L. , gen. ./Sruginis'\. I. Rust of a metal. 2. Subacetate of copper. /E. Ferri, the subcarbonate of iron. JE. Plumbi, lead carbonate, or subcarbonate. .ffirumna (e-rum'-nah) [L.]. Mental distress, or mental and physical distress combined, .ffis (a) [L.]. Copper or brass. See Copper. .ffischrolalia [es-kro-la' -le-ah) . See Eschrolalia .ffischromythesis (es-kro-mi-the' -sis). See Eschromy- thesis. .ffisculin [es'-ku-lin). See Esculin. .^sculus hippocastanutn [es'-ku-lus hip-o-kas' -ta- num) [L.]. Horse-chestnut. The fruit of the com- mon " buckeye," or horse-chestnut. Recommended in hemorrhoids. Dose gr. iij. Unof. .^states [es-ta'-tsz) [L. ,//.]. Freckles, or sunburn. See Ephelis and Lentigo. .Ssthacyte (es' -tha-sit) [alaO^aig, feeling ; /cii-of, a cell]. In biology, one of the sense-cells of sponges, discovered by Stewart, .ffisthematology {es-the-mai-ol'-o-je). See Esthema- tology. ^sthesia (es-the'-ze-ah). See Esthesia. .^sthesin \es'-the-sin). See Esthesin. /Esthesiogen (es-the'-se-o-jen). See Esthesiogen. .ffisthesiography (es-the-se-og' -ra-fe). See Estkesiog- raphy. .ffisthesiology (es-the-se-ol'-o-je). See Esthesiology. .ffisthesiomania (es-therse-o-ma' -ne-ah). See Esthesio- mania. .ffisthesiometer {es-the-se-om' -et-er). See Esthesiom- eter. .ffisthesiotnetry (es-the-se-om' -et-re) . See Esthesiom- etry. .Ssthesioneurosis (es-the-se-o-nu-ro' -sis). See Esthe- sioneurosis. .ffisthesis (es-the'-sis). See Esthesis. .ffisthesodic [es-the-sod'-ik). See Esthesodic. Esthete [es'-thlt) [aiaSriT6i, perceived by the senses]. In biology, one of the sense-organs of the Chitonida described by Moseley. iSisthetica (es-thef -ik-ah) [aXaOrieig, perception by the senses]. Diseases characterized by impairment or abolition of any of the senses. .ffisthophysiology {es-tho-fix-e-ol'-o-je). See Estho- physiology. ^stival (es'-tiv-al). See Estival. .Estivation (es-tiv-a' -shun). See Estivation. ^STUARIUM 49 AGALAXY ^stuarium [es-tu-a' -re-uvi). See Estuarium. ^stuation (es-tu-a' -shun). See Estuation. ^stus {es'-tus) [I'.]. Heat; especially a flushing, or sudden glow of heat. &. volaticus, wildfire rash ; strophulus. .ffitas (e'-toj) [L.]. Age; a period of life. See Age. ^thalium [e-tha' -le-uni) [aWahoq, smoke, soot (refer- ring to the spores)]. In biology, a placentoid com- pound Plasmodium formed by certain mycetozoa, e. g. , the flowers of tan. iEther (e'-ther). See Ether. .^theristn (e'-ther-hm). See Etherism. .ffithiopification (e-the-of-if-ik-a' -shun) . See Ethiopi- .fication. .^thiopiosis (e-the-op-e-o' -sis) . See Ethiopification. ^thiops (e'-the-ops) [ai6ioi/i, an Ethiopian]. An old term for any black mineral powder used in medicine. JE,. antimonialis, a black triturate of mercury, antimony, and sulphur, made after several distinct formulae. IE,, martialis, black iron deutoxid. JE,. mineralis, black amorphous triturate of mercury with sulphur, in various proportions. ^thusa {e-thu'-sah). See Ethusa. ^thusin (e-thu'-sin). See Ethusin. .ffitiology (e-te-ol'-o-je). See Etiology. Afebrile (ah-fe'-bril) [a priv. ; febrilis, feverish]. Without fever. Afetal [ah-fe'-tal) [a-pcW.; fetus, an offspring]. With- out a fetus. Affection (af-ek' -shun) \afficere, to affect]. A syno- nym of disease. Affective (nf-ek'-tiv) [afficere, to affect]. Exciting emo- tion. A. Faculties, the emotions and propensities — especially those peculiar to man. A. Insanity, emo- tional or impulsive insanity. Affectus (af-ek' -tus) [L. ]. A disordered condition. A. animi, an affection of the mind ; mental disorder. A. sufTocatorius. Synonym of Diphtheria. Afferent (af'-er-ent) \_afferens, carrying to] . Carrying toward the center. Of nerves : conveying impulses toward the central nervous system; sensory, centri- petal. Of blood-vessels : those, as arteries, conveying blood to the tissue, sometimes also to the gills. Of lymphatics : those conveying lymph to a lymphatic gland. Compare Efferent. Afferentia, or Vasa afferentia (va'-sah afer-en'-she- ah) [L.]. 1. The lymphatic vessels. 2. Any vessels carrying blood or lymph to an organ. Affiliation (afil-e-a'-shun) \_ad, to; filius, son]. In medical jurisprudence, the act of imputing or affixing the paternity of a child in order to provide for its maintenance. Affinity (af-in' -it-e) [affinis, akin to]. Relationship. A synonym of Attraction. A., Chemical, the force exerted at inappreciable distances, and between definite and invariable weights of two or more combining sub- stances, whereby bodies of dissimilar nature unite to form new compounds. Contradistinguished from co- hesion, which is an attraction between molecules. A., Elective, the preference of one substance for another rather than for a third or fourth. Affinity is spoken of as compound, developed, disposing, divellent, intermedi- ate, quiescent, reciprocal, or synthetic, according to the part it plays, or is conceived to play, in any chemical process. Affium (af'-e-um) \_hx!i!o., AfiUn'l. The Asiatic name for opium. Affiate (af-ldt') [afflatus, blown upon]. Sudden in its attack ; overwhelming. Afflatus (af-la'-tus) [L., "a blowing upon"]. I. A draft or blast of air. 2. A sudden attack. 3. A sup- posed inspiration or divine influence. 4 Affluence (af'-lu-ens) \_affluentia, from affluere, to flow to]. A determination or influx, as of blood to a part. Affluent (af'-lu-ent) \_affluens, flowing to]. Producing a congestion ; determinant ; flowing in or upon. Afflux (af'-lux) \_afluere, affluxus, to flow toward]. The flow of the blood or other liquid to a particular part. Affluxion (afluk' -shun) \_affluere, affluxus, to flow toward]. See Afflux. Affusion (af-u'-zhiin) [affusio, affundere, to pour upon] . Pouring water upon a substance to cleanse it, or upon the body in fevers to reduce temperature and calm nervous symptoms. A-form Chronoscope. See Chronoscope. African (af -rik-an) [Africa, Latin name of the country]. Pertaining to Africa. A. Arrow-poison. See Stro- phanthus. A. Date-tnark. See Furunculus orien- talis. A. Fever. Synonym of Dengue. A. Gum, gum arable. See Acacia. A. Lethargy, or NelAvan, a "sleeping sickness" affecting negroes of the West African coast. Increasing somnolence is the character- istic symptom. It is very fatal. Death after emaciation follows in from three to six months. Post-mortem examination has revealed hyperemia of the arachnoid, and it is asserted that this " sleeping sickness " is only one of the symptoms of Filariasis, q. v. No treatment avails. Pi.. 'Pe'ppeT, Chillies ; the intensely biting fruit of Capsicum- fastigiatum. See Capsicum. After (a/'-fer) [A. S.,ee Fowler' s Solution. A., Dumb, latent ague ; masked ague ; ague with no well-marked chill, and with at most only partial or slight periodicity. A., Latent, see A., Dumb. A., Leaping, a term for the dancing mania. A., Masked. See A. Dumb. A. Tree, common Sassafras. A. Weed. I. vSee Grindelia. -z. The Eupatorium perfoliatum, or thorough-wort. Agynary [af -in-a-re) [a priv,; yvvfi, female]. In biology, having no pistil , as a double flower. Agynous (a;''-«»-w) [dpriv.; yw^, female]. In biology, destitute of female reproductive organs. Ahypnia {ah-hip' -ne-ah) [d priv. ; inrvog, sleep]. Sleeplessness. Ahjfpnosis iah-hip-no' -sis) [avn-via, sleeplessness]. Entire absence of the capacity to sleep, most marked in insanity. Aichmophobia {ak-mo-fo' -be-ah) lalxfi^ , a spear point ; (po^ieiv, to fear]. An extravagant dread of sharp or pointed instruments. Aid-Forceps {ad' -for-seps) [Fr., aide; forceps^ A device for making safe and effective traction upon the obstetrical forceps by means of a fillet or tape and a dynamometer. Aidoio- (a-doi'-o). See Edeo-. Aidoiomania [a-doi-o-ma' -ne-ah) . See Edeomania, Aiglet (ag'-let). See Aglet. Aigret, Aigrette [a'-gret, a-gret'). In biology, same as Egret. Ailanthus {a-lan' -thus) [Malacca, Ailanto, " tree of heaven"]. The bark of A. glandulosa, commonly known as Tree of Heaven. Properties due to an oleoresin and a volatile oil. A nauseant and drastic purgative, constituting an excellent anthelmintic against tape-worm. A., Ext. Fid. Dose fl\,x-3J. A., Tinct. Dose Tt^x- 3 ij . Ailing [al'-ing) [M. E. , eyle'\. Indisposed; out of health ; not well. Ailment [dl'-ment) [M. E. , eyle"] . A disease ; sickness ; complaint; usually used in reference to chronic dis- orders. Aimorrhea (am-or-e' -ah) [alfia, blood ; jioia, a flowing]. A bleeding, or hemorrhage. Ainhum (in-yoon') [negro word, meaning to saw^. A disease in Guinea and Hindostaji , peculiar to negroes, in which the little toes are slowly and spontaneously amputated at about the digito-plantar fold. The process is very slow, does not affect other toes or parts, is un- accompanied by any constitutional symptoms, and its cause is unknown. It sometimes attacks the great toe. Called also Dactylolysis spontanea. Air \hiip from auv, to blow, or breathe]. The chief part of the atmosphere. Atmospheric air consists of a mixture of 77 parts by weight, or 79.19 by vol- ume, of nitrogen, and 23 parts by weight, or 20.81 by volume, of oxygen, with 3.7 to 6.2 parts by volume of CO2 in 10,000 parts. 100 cubic inches weigh 30,935 grains. The pressure of the air at sea-level is about 14^ pounds upon the square inch. A., Alkaline, free or volatile ammonia. A., Azotic, nitrogen. A. Bag. See A. Cushion. A. Bath, therapeutic ex- posure to air that may be heated, condensed, or variously medicated. See Bath. A. -bed, an air- tight, rubber, inflated mattress employed in conditions requiring long confinement to bed. A. -bladder. See A. -vesicle. A. Bubbles, in microscopy, are prepared by heating a drop of thin mucilage. They are useful as a test for central light. In oblique light the bright spot will appear on the side away from the mirror. A. -cell, an air-sac ; an air-vesicle of the pneumonic tissue. A., Complemental, is that that can still be inhaled after an ordinary inspiration. A. Con- duction, a method of testing the hearing-power by means of a watch held at varying distances from the ear, or by the employment of a number of tuning forks of varying pitch. See Bone Conduction. A.- cure, the therapeutic employment of air. A. -cush- ion. A cushion filled with air ; usually made of soft india-rubber. A., Dephlogisticated, an old name for Oxygen. A. -douche. The inflation of the middle ear with air. A. -duct. See Duet. A.- embolism, free air in the blood-vessels during life, or the obstruction due to it. A., Expired, that driven from the lungs in expiration. A., Facti- tious, carbon dioxid. A., Fixed, an old name for carbon dioxid (carbonic acid). A. Hunger. See Diabetes mellitus. A., Inspired, that taken into the lungs on inspiration. A., Mephitic, carbon dioxid. A. -meter. See Anemometer. A. Passages, the nares, mouth, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes. A., Phlogisticated, nitrogen. A. -pump, an appar- atus for exhausting or compressing air. A., Reserve AJOWAN 53 ALBICATION or Supplemental, that that can still be exhaled after an ordinary expiration. A., Residual, that remain- ing in the lungs after the most complete expiration possible. A. -sac. See Air-vesicle. A. -space, a space in tissue filled with air or other gases arising from the separation, rupture, or absorption of cells. A., Stationary, that remaining in the lungs during normal respiration. A., Supplemental. See A., Reserve. A. -tester, an instrument for testing the impurity of the air. A., Tidal, that taken in and given out at each respiration. A. -vesicle, any small air-space, especially the expanded terminal portion of a minute or ultimate bronchial vessel. A., Vital, an old name for Oxygen. See Atmosphere. Ajowan (aj'-oo-an) [E. Ind.]. Bishop's Weed. The fruit of Ammi copticum. Carminative and antiseptic. It has been recommended in colic, diarrhea, etc. Dose of the fid. ext. Tt\^x-xxx. Akamathesia, Akamathesis. See Akatamatkesia. Akanthesthesia (a-kan-thes-the'-%e-ah ) \aKavda, a thorn ; aia6?!aic, sensation] . A form of paresthesia or perverted sensation in which there is a feeling as of a sharp point. Akanthion (a-kan'-the-on) . See Acanthion. Akatamathesia [ah-kat-am-ath-e' -ze-aK) [a priv. ; /cara- /laffijat^, understanding]. Inability to understand. Akaisi'phasia [a-iat-a/-a^-se-aA). See Acataphasia. Akazga {a-kaz' -gah) [African]. A poisonous plant of West Africa, probably z.' Strychnos. Also its bark, and an amorphous extractive derived from it. It is one of the African ordeal poisons and contains akazgin. Akazgin {a-kaz' -gin) [African]. An alkaloid from akazga ; its effects are much like those of strychnia. Akene {ak'-ln). See Achenium. Akido-galvano-cautery {ak-id-o-gal-van-o-kaw' -te-re) [d/ctf, needle ; Galvani\ /cavr^joiov, a branding-iron]. Galvanic cauterization by the needle electrode. Akidopeirastic (ak-id-o-pi-rcu'-tik) [aii-fi, aidf, needle ; ireipaanjidg , proving]. Relating to the exploratory puncture of a diseased area by means of a stout needle. Akinesia {ah-kin-e' -se-ali) . See Acinesia. Akinesis (ah-kin-e'-sts) [a priv. ; KivT/aiQ, quiescence]. Absence or imperfection of movement. Applied to the heart's diastole and to immotility of the iris ; also to any lack of motility, especially when due to some central or cerebral cause. A. Algera, an affection manifested by voluntary abstinence from movement on account of the pain of movement, without any apparent cause of pain. Aknemia {ak-ne'-me ah). See Acnemia. Akology (ak-ol'-o-je). See Aceology. Akral [ak'-ral) [fi/cpof, extreme]. See Cephalic. Akrokinesis [ak-ro-kin-e'-sis"). ' See Acrocinesis. Akromegaly [ak-ro-meg'-a-le). See Acromegalia. Akromikria [ak-ro-mik'-re-ah). See Acromicria. Akroposthitis (ak-ro-pos-thi'-tis). See Acroposthitis. Akyanopsia [ah-ki-an-op' -se-ah) . See Acyanopsia Al. The Arabic definite article, the, prefixed to many words to designate preeminence, etc., as alkali, alco- hol. In chemical nomenclature it is used as a suffix' to denote similarity to or derivation from an aldehyd, as chloral, butyral, etc. Ala [a'-lah) [L., a wing: pi.. Alts']. A name of various wing-shaped parts or appendages. In biology, the side petal of a papilionaceous corolla. A. Auris, the pinna of the ear. A. Cinerea, a triangular space of gray matter in the fourth ventricle of the brain, probably giving origin to the pneumogastric nerves. A. Majores, l. The greater wings of the sphenoid. See Alisphenoid'. 2. The external labia pudendi. A. Minores. 1. The lesser wings of the sphenoid. 2. The labia minora pudendi. A. Nasi, the lateral car- tilage of the nose. A. Pontis. See Ponticulus. A. Pulmonum, the lobes of the lung. A. of Sacrum, the flat triangular surface of bone extending outward from the base of the sacrum, supporting the psoas magnus muscle. A. Vespertilionis, the broad liga- ment of the uterus. A. Vulvae, the labia of the pudendum. Applied also to the armpits, parts of the sphenoid, vomer, etc. Alalia (al-a' -le-ah) [d priv. ; laXia, talk], i. Impaired or lost articulation from paralysis of the muscles of speech or from local laryngeal disease. 2. Aphasia due to a psychic disorder. Alalic (flZ-a'-Zz'/J) [d priv. ; /la^Hi, talk]. Characterized by or pertaining to alalia. Alanin (al' -an-in) [L., aldehyde], C3HJNO2. Lac- tamic acid. An organic base obtained by heating aldehyd ammonia with hydrocyanic acid in the pres- ence of an excess of HCl ; it occurs in aggregated hard nodules with a sweetish taste ; soluble in five parts of cold water ; with more difficulty in alcohol ; insoluble in ether. When heated, it commences to char at about 237° ; it melts at 255° and then sublimes. Alaninate (al-an' -in-at) [L. , aldehyde]. A salt of alanin. A. of Mercury, a crystalline, soluble com- pound of mercury and alanin ; antisyphilitic. Dose gr. jV to^X- Unof. Alan'son's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Alant Camphor. See Helenin. Alantin (al-an' -tin) [Ger. , alant, elecampane]. Same as Inulin. Alantol (al-an'-tal) [Ger. , a/a»?, elecampane ; oleum, oil] , CjjHjjO. Inulol. An aromatic liquid obtained from elecampane ; used like creosote for phthisis. Alar [a'-lar) \ala, wing]. Winglike. In biology, situated in the forks of a stem. A. Ligaments, lateral synovial folds of the ligament of the knee-joint. A. Odontoid Ligaments, lateral ligaments of the odontoid process. Alares musculi, the pterygoid muscles. Alares vense, superficial veins at the bend of the arm. Alaria ossa, lateral processes of the sphenoid bone. Alaris (a/-3'-m) [a/a, wing]. Wing-shaped. See.^&r. Alary (a'-lar-e) \_ala, a wing]. In biology, pertaining to wings ; wing-shaped. Alate [a' -lot) \ala, a wing]. In biology, winged or having winglike borders or expansions ; aliferous ; aligerous. Alate-pinnate [a' -Idt-pin' -at) \_ala, awing; pinna, a feather]. In biology, a pinnate leaf having a winged petiole. Alba (al'-bah) [L., "white"]. The white fibrous tissue of the brain and nerves. Albadara [al-bad-a' -rah) [Arabic]. An old name for the basal joint of the great toe. Alban (al'-ban) \albus, white], CijHjgO. A white resin that may be extracted from gutta percha. Albedo [al-be'-do] [L. , "whiteness"]. Whiteness. A. retinae, retinal edema. A. unguis, or unguium, the lunula of the nail ; the white semilunar place at the root of a finger nail. Albescent {al-bes' -ent) [albescere, to become white]. Whitish ; moderately white. Albicans (al'-be-kanz) [albicare, to grow white]. White ; whitish. Used as the name of either of the corpora albicantia at the base of the brain. Albicant (al'-be-kant) \albicare, to be white] . See Al- bescent. Albicantia (al-be-kan' -she-ah) [L.]. Plural of Albi- cans. See Corpora. Albication {al-be-ka' -shun) \albicare, to be white] . In biology, a growing white. ALBICOMUS 54 ALBUMINOSE Albicomus {al-be-ko' -mus) \a.lbus, white ; coma, hair]. Having white hair. Albiduria {al-bid-u' -re-aK) [albidiis, white ; ovpov, urine]. White urine. Albiflorous {al-bif-lo' -nis) [albus, white ;y?oj, a flower]. In biology, bearing white flowers. Albinism (aV -bin-izni) Albinismus {al-bin-h' -mus) \albus, white]. Congenital Achroma; Congenital Leucoderma. That condition of the skin in which there is a congenital absence of pigment unaccom- panied by textural changes in the skin, and involving its entire surface, including the pilary filaments and the choroid coats and irides of the eyes. Usually asso- ciated with nystagmus, photophobia, and astigmatism. Albino (al-bi'-no) [Sp. ]. A person affected with al- binism. Also an animal or plant differing from the normally colored members of its kind by being white or colorless. Albinotic [al-bin-of -ik) [Sp.]. Affected with albinism. A\hvaMriaL\al-bin-u' -re-ah) \albus, white; oi/DE/D, to mic- turate]. I. Chyluria; whiteness of the urine. ^. Al- buminuria. Albizzia (al-bitz' -e-ali) [Ital. , Albizzi, a Tuscan proper name]. A genus of leguminous plants. A. anthel- minthica. See Moussena. Albolene {al'-bo-lln) [albus, white; oleum, oil]. A hydrocarbon oil, colorless, tasteless, odorless, and not affected by exposure to air or strong acids. It is a form of lanolin, and is .used as an application to in- flamed surfaces and for spraying the respiratory pas- sages. Albuginea (al-bu-jin' -e-aK) \_albus, white]. White, or whitish. A. oculi, the sclerotic coat of the eye. A. ovarii, and testis, the tunica albuginea of the ovary and testicle. The spleen, the epididymis, the penis, and the kidneys have each an investment or capsule called albuginea or tunica albuginea. PiXaM%\aso\xs {al-bu-jin' -e-us) [«/i5z/^, white]. I. Whit- ish. 2. Resembling the white of an egg. Albuginitis (al-bu-jin-i' -tis) [albus, white ; iT(f, inflam- mation] . Inflammation of a tunica albuginea. Albugo (al-bu'-go) [L.]. I. A white spot, as upon the cornea. 2. A whitish, scaly eruption. 3. The white of an egg. Albumen (al'-bu-men or al-bu'-men) [albus, white]. The white of an egg. See Albumin. Albumenoid [al-bu'-men-oid). See Albuminoid. Albumenuria (al-bu-men-u'-re-ah). 'Stee Albuminuria. Albumimeter \al-bu-mim' -et-er) [albus, white ; jihpov, measure] . An instrument for determining the quantitive estimation of albumin in urine, or in any compound or mixture-. Albumin {al-bu'-min) [albus, white]. A proteid substance, the chief constituent of the body. Its molecule is highly com- plex and varies widely within certain limits in different organs and conditions. It con- tains approximately the following percent- ages : Carbon 51.S to 54.5 ; hydrogen 6.9 to 7.3 ; nitrogen 15.2 to 17.0 ; oxygen 20.9 to 23.5; sulphur 0.3 to 2.0 Its approxi- mate formula is CjjHjjjNjgOjjS. Albumen, white of egg, often called albumin, is largely composed of it. Other varieties are called after their sources or characteristic reactions, as acid-albumin, alkali-albumin, muscle-, serum-, ovum-, vegetable-albu- min, ^^f. Normal albumin is the type of a group of proteids known as albumins. For albumime- the various tests for albumin, see Table of ter. Tests, under Test. See also, Proteids and Native Albumins. A. of Bence-Jones, a variety found in pseudo-albuminuria. It does not give a precipitate with an excess of HNO3 except on stand- ing, when a coagulum forms that will be redissolved on heating. A., Blood. See Serum-albumin. A., Caseiform, that variety not coagulated by heat, but precipitated by acids. A., Circulating, that found in the fluids of the body. A. Crystals. See Crystal- loids. A., Derived, a modification of albumin result- ing from the action of certain chemicals. A., Egg-. See Egg-albumin. A., Muscle-, a variety found in muscle-juice. A., Native, any albumin occurring normally in the organism. A., Organic, that form- ing an integral part of the tissue. A., Serum-. See Serum-albumin. A., Test Solution of, a filtered solution of the. white of an egg in 100 c.c. of dis- tilled water. A., Vegetable, that form that is found in various vegetable juices. Albuminate (al-bu' -min-at) [albus, white] . The com- pound of albumin and certain bases, as albuminate of iron, or of iron and potassium, etc. Albuminaturia {al-bu-min-at-u' -re-aK) [albus, white; ovpov, urine] . The abnormal presence of albuminates in the urine. Albuminiferous (al-bu-min-if'-er-us) [albumin ; ferre , to bear] . See Albuminiparous . AVbuiainimeter{al-bu-min-im' -et-er) . See Albumimeter. Albuminin [al-bu' -min-in) [albumin"]. The non-ni- trogenous substance of the cells that enclose the white of birds' eggs. Albuminiparous (al-bu-min-ip' -ar-us) [albumin ; pa- rere, to produce]. Yielding albumin. Albuminogenous [al-bu-min-oj ' -en-us) [albumin; yevi/c, producing] . Producing albumin. Albuminoid (al-bu'-min-oid) [albumin; dSog, form]. 1. Resembling albumin. Applied to certain com- pounds having many of the characteristics of albumin. 2. Any nitrogenous principle of the class of which normal albumin may be regarded as the type. A. Disease, also spoken of as lardaceous, waxy, or amyloid degeneration. A form of degeneration usu- ally affecting simultaneously a number of the viscera, and occurring secondarily to some preexisting disease. Those viscera most usually the seat of the change are, in the order of frequency, the spleen, liver, kidneys, intestine and lymph glands. The tissues around the capillary vessels are first affected ; from these centers it spreads till the whole organ or section presents a pale, glistening, waxy, or bacon-like appearance. This is due to the infiltration of a peculiar proteid substance, lardacein, which, with iodin, gives a deep mahogany brown color, the characteristic test for the disease. The preexisting trouble is either some chronic suppura- tion, as in bone or joint disease, or some wasting dis- ease like pulmonary tuberculosis, syphilis, etc. The only way in which the disease may be arrested is by thorough removal of the cause. Albuminoids [al-bu' -viin-oidz) [albumin]. Substances resembling true proteids in their origin and composi- tion. They are amorphous non-crystalline colloids, occurring as organized constituents of the tissues, and also in fluid form. Mucin, Nuclein, Keratin, Fibroin, Spongin, Elastin, Gelatin, Chondrin, etc., ate the principal members of the group. Albuminometer {al-bu-m.in-om' -et-er). See Albumi- meter. Albuminone (al-bu' -min-on) [albumin]. A principle derivable from certain albuminoids ; it is not coagula- ble by heat, and is soluble in alcohol. Albuminorrhea (al-bu-min-or-e' -ah) [albumin ; f>oia, a flow]. Copious abnormal discharge of albumins. Albuminose [al-bu' -min-os) [albumin]. I. A product of the digestion of fibrin or any albuminoid in very ALBUMINOSIS 55 ALCOHOL dilute hydrochloric acid ; acid albumin. 2. Albumose, or the product of the digestion of albumin by the gas- tric juice. Albuininosis [al-bu-min-o' -sis) \_albumin'\. Abnormal increase of the albuminous elements in the blood, or the condition that results from such increase. Albuminous (al-bu' -min-us) \_albumiii\. Containing, or of the nature of an albumin. Albumin- Peptone {al-bu' -min-pep' -ton) . Same as Albuminose (2d def. ) . Albumins (al-bu' -minz) . See Albumin. Albuminuria [al-bu-min-u' -re-aK) \_albumin ; oipov, urine] . The presence in the urine of albumin, a mix- ture of serum-albumin and serum-globulin in various proportions. True albuminuria must be distinguished from the presence of albumin due to an admixture with the urine of blood, pus, or other albuminous fluid. However, even under these circumstances it must be remembered that true albuminuria may be coexistent. Albumin in the urine may result from a number of causes, e. g., mechanical interference with the renal circulation; from congestion, lesions, and organic diseases of the kidneys themselves ; from toxic substances in the blood, such as lead, in which case there is a granular form of nephritis ; from changes in the blood due to various diseases, as anemia, purpura, scurvy, and sepsis; in pyrexia; in certain nervous disorders, such as tetanus, delirium tremens, apoplexy, Graves's disease, and epilepsy; in various functional disorders, as dyspepsia, high living, great exertion, etc. , and during pregnancy. The etiology of albumin- uria is still undetermined, but it is now recognized that it will be produced by any condition that interferes with the nutrition of the glomeruli or renal epithelium. A. of Adolescence. See A., Cyclic. A., Adven- titious. SeeA.,Pseudo-. A., Cardiac, that due to chronic valvular disease. A., Cyclic, a condition also known as physiological, simple, functional, or tran- sient albuminuria, or the albuminuria of adolescence, in which a small quantity of albumin appears in the urine, especially of the young, at stated times of the day; hence the term "cyclic." The nature of this phenomenon is not positively known, but it is probably the result of some changes in the renal circulation., A., Dietetic, that due to the ingestion of certain forms of food, especially eggs, cheese, and pastry. A., Dyscrasic. See A., Hematogenous. A., False, a mixture of albumin with the urine during its transit through the urinary passages, where it may be derived from blood, pus, or special secretions that contain al- bumin. A., Febrile, that due to fever, or associated with acute infectious diseases, slight changes occurring in the glomeruli without organic lesion. A., Func- tional. See A., Cyclic, A., Gouty, albumin in the urine of elderly people, who secrete a rather dense urine containing an excess of urea. A., Hematogen- ous, that resulting from some abnormal blood-condi- tion, and not due to nephritis. A., Hepatic, that form associated with marked disturbance of the hepatic function, as shown by slight jaundice and vague dys- peptic attacks. A., Intrinsic. See A., True. A., Mixed, the presence of a true- and pseudo-albumin- uria. A., Morbid, that due to any pathological con- dition. A., Nephrogenous, that due to renal disease. A., Neurotic, that due to nervous disorders. A., Paroxysmal. See A.., Cyclic. A., Physiological, the presence of albumin in normal urine, without ap- preciable coexisting renal lesion or diseased condition of the system. A., Pseudo-, A., Adventitious ; albu- minuria dependent upon the presence of such fluids as blood, pus, lymph, spermatic fluid, or the contents of an abscess-cavity, in the urine. A., Simple. See A., Cyclic. A., Temporary, that lasting but for a short time. A., Tests of. See Table of Tests, under Test. A., Transient. See A., Cyclic. A., True, A. , Intrinsic ; that due to the excretion of a portion of the albuminous constituents of the blood with the water and salts of the urine. Albuminuric ( al-bu-min-u' -rik ) [ albumin ; ovpov, urine] . Associated with, of the nature of, or affected by, albuminuria. A. Retinitis. See Retinitis. Albuminurorrhea (al-bu-min-u-ror-re' -ah) [albumin; ovpov, urine ; pola, a flowing]. See Albuminuria. Albumose (al'-bu-mos) \_albumin'\. Any albuminoid substance ranking among the first products of the splitting up of proteids by enzymes , and intermediate between the food-albumins and the typical peptones. According to Kiihne there are at least two albumoses, antialbumose and hemialbumose . The latter, after the precipitation and filtering off of the para-peptones, e.g., in the peptic digestion of fibrin, yields the following : I. Protalbumose, soluble in hot and cold water and precipitable by NaCl in excess. 2. Deuteroalbumose , soluble in water, not precipitated by NaCl in excess, unless an acid be added at the same time. 3. Hetero- albumose, insoluble in hot or cold water, soluble in dilute or more concentrated solutions of NaCl, and precipitable from these by excess of the salt. 4. Dys- album^se, same as heteroalbumose, except that it is insoluble in salt solutions. Albumosuria (al-bu-mos-u' -re-ah) \_albu?nose ; ovpw, urine]. The abnormal presence of an albumose in the urine. Alburnum (al-ber'-num) [L. , "sap-wood"]. In bi- ology, young wood, sap-wood. Alcahest [al' -ka-hest) [Uncertain derivation]. An old name for the supposed universal solvent, and for a medicine curative of all congestions. A. of Glauber, a crude potassium carbonate derived from the burning of potassium nitrate with hot coals. AlCali (al'-ka-li). See Alkali. Alcaptone (al-kap'-ton). See Alkaptone. Alcaptonuria (al-kap-ton-u' -re-aK). ^t& Alkaptonuria. Alchemist (al' -kem-ist) [Origin doubtful]. One who practices alchemy. Alchemy (al'-kem-e) [Arab., of doubtful derivation]. The supposed art of the transmutation of metals (into gold) and of finding a remedy for all diseases. Mod- em chemistry is the development of this chimerical medieval dream. Al'cock's Canal. See Canal. Alcohol (al'-ko-hol) [al, the; koh'l, finely powdered antimony]. Ethyl alcohol, CjHjO. A liquid ob- tained by the distillation of feimented grain or starchy substance. It is used in pharmacy as a sol- vent for resins, and as a base for all tinctures. Com- mercial alcohol contains 91 per cent, of absolute alcohol, with 9 per cent, of water. It is inflammable, colorless, and possesses a pungent odor and burning taste. Sometimes it is used externally as a stimulant lotion. Internally, it is a powerful cerebral excitant ; in large doses a depressant, narcotic poison, producing muscular incoordination, delirium,' and coma. It is a food within the limits of ,5J— .^ 3 per day; its contin- ued use is apt to result in epilepsy, amblyopia, and insanity. In the form of wine, whisky, or brandy, it is valuable in diphtheria, adynamic fevers, and poisoning by cardiac depressants. ' A., Absolute, spirit containing no water. A., Amyl, CjHjjO, com- monly known as ^^ Potato Spirit'^ and ^^ Fusel OiV^ ; a transparent, colorless liquid. A., Anhydrous, one free from water. A., Aromatic, an alcohol contain- ing phenyl. A., Benzyl, C,H80, obtained from ben- zaldehyd by the action of sodium amalgam. It is a ALCOHOLATE 56 ALCOHOLS colorless liquid, with a faint aromatic odor ; boils at 206°; its sp.gr. at 0° is 1.062. It dissolves with diiificulty in water, but readily in alcohol and ether. A. deodoratum, deodorized alcohol, containing 92.5 per cent, by weight of ethyl-alcohol and 7.5 per cent. of water. A., Dilute, composed of 41 per cent, by weight of ethyl-alcohol. A., Ethyl. See Alcohol. A. of Fermentation, has a disagreeable odor; boils at 129-130° ; occurs in fusel-oil ; consists mainly of in- active isobutyl carbinol. A., Methyl, CH^O, known as " Wood Spirit." A., Phenic. %^^ Add, Carbolic. Alcoholate [al'-ko-hol-at ) [a/, the ; kolVl, finely pow- dered antimony]. i. A chemical compound, as a salt, into which an alcohol enters as a definite con- stituent. 2. A preparation made with alcohol. Alcoholature (al-ko-hol'-at-chur) \al, the ; koKl, finely powdered antimony ; Fr. alcoolattire']. An alcoholic tincture, especially one prepared with fresh plants. Alcoholic (al-ko-hol'-ik) \a.l, the ; koK I, finely pow- dered antimony], i. Pertaining to, containing, or producing alcohol. 2. One addicted to the use of spirituous drinks. A. Radicals, the name applied to the univalent radicals, CjjHj„ + j. Alcbholica ial-ko-hol'-ik-ak) \al, the ; koh'l, finely powdered antimony] . In pharmacy, alcoholic prepa- rations. Alcoholimeter {al-ko-hol-im' -et-er). See Alcoholometer. Alcoholimetry (al-ko-hol-im' -et-re). See Alcoholome- iry. Alcoholism (al'-ko-hol-izm) [nl, the; ioh'l, finely powdered antimony]. The morbid results of exces- sive or prolonged use of alcoholic liquors. The term acute A. has been used as a synonym for inebriety. The chronic form is associated with severe lesions or disturbances of the digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems. Alcoholismus {al-ko-hol-i%'-mus). Syn. oi Alcoholism. Alcoholization { al-ko-hol-iz-a' -shun) [_al, the; koh'l, finely powdered antimony]. The art or process of alcoholizing ; the state of being alcoholized ; the pro- duct of the process of alcoholizing. Alcoholize [al'-io-hol-lz) [al, the ; koh'l, finely pow- dered antimony]. 1. To impregnate with or blend with alcohol. 2. To convert into an alcohol. 3. To reduce to a very subtle powder. Alcoholometer (al-ko-hol-om'-et-er) [alcohol ; iikrpov, a measure]. A hydrometer or other instrument used in determining the percentage of alcohol in any liqnid. Alcoholometry (al-ko-hol-om' -et-re) [alcohol; fzerpov, a measure]. The determination of the proportion of alcohol present in any liquid. Alcoholophilia [nl-ko-hol-o-fil' -e-nli) [alcohol; ipiMsiv, to love]. The appetite for strong drink; a craving for intoxicants. Alcohols (al'-ko-holz) [al, the ; koh'l, finely pow- dered antimony]. A series of neutral compounds resembling bases exhibiting gradations corresponding to their increase in molecular weight. They are de- rived from the normal hydrocarbons by replacing hy- drogen with the group OH. The lower alcohols are mobile liquids, readily dissolving in water and pos- sessing the characteristic alcohol odor ; the intermedi- ate members are more oily, and dissolve with difficulty in water ; while the higher are crystalline solids with- out odor or taste. The alcohols resemble the fats. Their boiling-points increase gradually (with similar structure) in proportion to the increase of their mo- lecular weights. See Table. A., Diatomic, those formed by replacing two atoms of hydrogen in a hydrocarbon by two molecules of hydroxyl. A., Dibasic. See A., Diatomic. A., Dihydric. See Glycols, and Table of Alcohols. A., Divalent. See Glycols. A., Hexahydric, alcohols containing six hydroxyl groups attached to six different carbon atoms. They approach the sugars very closely in their proper- ties, having a very sweet taste, but differ from them in TABLE OF THE ALCOHOLS. I. OF THE FATTY COMPOUNDS. Series i.— Alcohols, CnHsn-fi.OH, g 1 < J HP ^5 .| "-1 E t It u)0 yieOayX {.Wood spir- it), CHiO Liquid. 66° 0.796 at 20° Ethyl, C2H0O Liqui'd. 78-3° 0.78945 at 20° 0.80625 at 0° Propyl CsHbO Liquid. 97.4° 0.8044 at 20° Butyl, QHioO Liquid. 116.8° 0.8099 at 20° Amyl, . ... CjHisO Liquid. 137° 0.8168 at 20° Hexyl CaH„0 Liquid. 157° 0.819 at 23° Heptyl (Enanthyt), C7H16O Liquid. 175° Octyl, . . . CgHiaO Liquid. 190-192° 0.830 at 16° Nonyl, C9H20O Decyl, C10H22O Solid. 43-5° Undecatyl, . . . CuHaO Solid. Dodecatyl, .... QsHaO Solid. 119° Tridecatyl, .... CisHjgO Solid. Tetradecatyl, . C„HsoO Solid. 167° Pentadecatyl, . . . CieHsjO Solid. Hexadecyl (CetyT), Ci6Ha,0 Solid. Heptadecyl, CuHseO Solid. Octodecyl, .... CisHssO Solid. 210° Ceryl i.Cerotin), . . CfflHsoO Solid. Melllssyl, CsoHcaO Solid. Series 2.— Unsaturated Alcohols, CnHau— i.OH. Vinyl, . . . CaH^O Does not ex- ist in the free state. Allyl CsH„0 Liquid. 96-97° 0.8540 at 20° Crotyl QHaO Liquid. 117-120° Series 3, — Unsaturated Alcohols, CnHzn— s.OH. Acety« lene Series. Propargyl, .... CgH^O Liquid. 114-115° 0.97151120° The only known alcohol of this series. ■z. OF THE AROMATIC OR BENZENE SERIES. Series i.— Primary Alcohols. Benzyl CtHsO Liquid. 206° 1.062 at 0° Tolyl, CaHioO Liquid. 212° 1.033 at 20° Phenyl Propyl, . . C,H„0 Liquid. 23,'i° Cumin, C10H14O Liquid. 246° ALCOOMETER 57 ALDEHYDS TABLE OF THE A-LCO'ROl.'S,.— Continued. Series 2.— Divalent (Dikydric) Alcohols. u ■< < D '5 St <-> ^ wo Benzylene-Glycol, C7H8O2 Does not ex- ist in the free state. 1 TolIylene(/%aa/v/) C8Hio02 Styrolene, .... CgHioOg Solid. Benzoyl Carbinol, CsHgOi, Solid. Series 3.- Oxy-benzyl, . . . -OXY- OR CjHsOii Phenoi Solid. Alcoh OLS. Anisyl, CeHioOs Solid. 259° Pipcronyl, .... CsHaOs Solid. Vanillin, CsHioOa Solid. Phenyl Glycerol, . C9H12O3 Solid. Mesicerin, .... C9H12O3 Liquid. that they do not reduce an alkaline copper solution and are not fermented by yeast. Moderate oxidation converts them into glucoses, CgHjjOg. They are ob- tained from the latter by the action of sodium amal- gam. A., Monatomic. See A., Monovalent. A., Monohydric. See A., Monovalent. A., Monova- lent (Monohydric) , products of the replacement of one atom of hydrogen of the hydrocarbons by the hydroxyl group HO. A., Normal, primary alcohols in which the replacing group possesses normal structure. A., Primary, products of the replacement of one hydro- gen atom in carbinol by alkyls. A., Secondary, products of the replacement of two hydrogen atoms in carbinol by alkyls. A., Tertiary, products of the replacement of all of the three hydrogen atoms of car- binol by alkyls. A., Trlatomic, those formed by replacing three atoms of hydrogen in a hydrocarbon by three molecules of hydroxyl. A., Unsaturated, those derived from the unsaturated alkylens in the same manner as the normal alcohols are obtained from their hydrocarbons. In addition to the general character of alcohols, they are also capable of directly binding two additional affinities. See Table. Alcoometer (al-ko-om' -et-er). See Alcoholometer. Alcornin {al-kor' -nin) [Sp.J. A peculiarly fatty, crys- tallizable substance, supposed to be the active principle of alcornoque. Alcornoque {al-kor-no'-kwa) [Sp.]. I. Cork, or the cork-oak. 2. The Alchomea latifolia, a euphorbia- ceous tree of tropical America. Its bark is bitter and tonic, and has been used as a remedy in phthisis. Unof. Aldane (al'-dan) [See Aldehyd"]. A chemical com- pound formed by uniting two or more molecules of an aldehyd and removing the aqueous elements. Aldehyd [al'-de-kld) \_al, the first syllable of alcohol ; dehyd, bom dekydratus], C^^^O. Alcohol deprived of two atoms of hydrogen, or acetic aldehyd. It is a colorless, limpid liquid, with a. characteristic odor. When exposed to the air or to oxygen it is converted into acetic acid. It boils at 208°, and has a sp. gr. of 0.8009 at 0°. It is miscible in all proportions with water, ether, and alcohol. Internally it pro- duces intoxication, anesthesia, and asphyxia. The vapor is used in catarrhal congestions and ozena. A., Anisic, CjHgOj, results on oxidizing various essential oils (anise, fennel, etc,) with dilute HNO3. A color- less oil of sp. gr. 1. 123 at 15°, and boiling at 248°. A., Benzoic, C.HgO, the oil of bitter almonds. A., Cinnamic, CgHgO, the chief ingredient of the essential oil of cinnamon and cassia. It is a colorless, aromatic oil, that sinks in water and boils at 247°. A., Formic, is asserted to have extreme value as a microbicide and antiseptic, even its fumes and its solu- tion of one part in 20,000 being destructive to various pathogenic germs. A., Protocatechuic, CgH3(0H)- (OH).CHO, the parent substance of vanillin and piperonal, prepared from pyrocatechin by the action of chloroform. It dissolves readily in water, forms brilliant crystals, and melts at 150°. A., Salicylic, C8Hj(OH).CHO, occurs in the volatile oils of the different varieties of Spiraa. It is an oil with an aromatic odor, boiling at 196°, with a sp. gr. at 15° of 1. 172; easily soluble in water, and colors the skin an intense yellow. PiX&€b.y&&TiS (al-de-hi' -derC) \a.ldehyd'\, CjHj. A chemi- cal radicle derived from ethylene. Aldehyds (al' -de-hldz) [See Aldehyd'\. A class of compounds intermediate between alcohols and acids, derived from their corresponding primary alcohols by the oxidation and removal of two atoms of hydrogen, and converted into acids by the addition of an atom of TABLE OF THE ALDEHYDS. A. OF THE FATTY COMPOUNDS. I. Aldehyds of the Paraffin Series, CnH2nO. < 2; i S Qi a < £0 §■ (no Methyl (Formic), . . CH2O Gas Acetaldehyd, . CjHiO Liquid 20,8° 0.8009 ato<> Propionic, CsHoO Liquid 49'= 0.8066 at 20° Butyraldehyd, C4H8O Liquid 75° 0.8170 at 20° Amyl, . ... CsHioO Liquid 102° Caproyl, . . . CeHisO Liquid 128° Enanthylic, . . C,H„0 Liquid isa-i.M" Decatoic {Capric), . . C10H20O Solid 106° (15 mm.) Dodecatylic (Laurie), C12H24O Solid 44-5° 142° (22 mm.) Tetradecatylic (Myrisitalde- CuHjsO Solid 52-5° . 168° (22 mm.) Hexdecatylic (Palmitic), . C16H32O Solid 58.5° 192° (22 mm.) Octdecatylic iStearaldehyd), CisHaeO Solid 63..'i<' 192° {22 mm.) ALDEPALMITIC ACID 58 ALEZE TABLE OF THE ALDEHYDS.— Co«ft«z«fof , time ; /j,hpov,a. measure]. An instru- ment used to note the lapse of time before a nerve center responds to a painful stimulus. Algesimeter (al-jes-im' -et-er) \akyriaiq, pain ; /j-^Tpov, a measure]. An instrument for determining the acuteness of the sense of pain. Algesis (al-je' -sis). See Algesia. Algesthesis, or Algaesthesis (al-jes-the' -sis) [a/lyof, pain; aiad^ai^, feeling]. The perception of pain; any painful disease. Algetic (al-jet'-ik) [d^/tZv, to have pain]. Pertaining to, or producing, pain. -algia [al'-je-aK) [a/tyof, pain]. A suffix denoting pain, as odontalgia, neuralgia, etc. Algid {al'-jid) [algidus, cold]. Cold, chilly. A. Fever, a pernicious intermittent fever, with great coldness of the surface of the body. A. Cholera, Asiatic cholera. Algin (al'-jirC) [alga, a seaweed]. Alginic acid; a gummy substance derivable from seaweeds and form- ing a good substitute for gum arable. Algology (al-gol-o-ji) [alga, a seaweed; Tityeiv , speak']. That department of botany treating of alg«, phy- cology. Algometer (al-gom' -et-er) [a/iyof, pain ; fitTpm, a measure]. An instrument for testing the sensibility of a part to pain. Algometry \al-gom' -et-re) [akyoq, pain ; fiirpav, a measure]. The testing of pain. Algophobia (al-go-fo' -be-aK) \akyo^, pain ; patient by the administration of small quantities of concentrated food through the rec- tum. There are many formulae for these nutritious enemata, the most important of which are the fol- lowing: I. Leub^ s Pancreatic-meat Mmulsion. — • " For rectal alimentation : chop five ounces of finely- scraped meat still finer, add to it one and a-half ounces of finely-chopped pancreas, free from fat, and then three ounces of lukewarm water ; stir to the con- sistence of a thick pulp. Give at one time, care being taken to wash out the rectum with water about an hour before." 2. Mayet's Formula. — " Fresh ox-pancreas 150 to 200 grams ; lean meat 400 to 500 grams. Bruise the pancreas in a mortar with water at a tem- perature of 37° C., and strain through a cloth. Chop the meat and mix thoroughly with the strained fluid, after separating all the fat and tendinous portions. Add the yolk of one egg, let stand for two hours, and administer at the same temperature, after having cleansed the rectum with an injection of oil. This quantity is sufficient for 24 hours' nourishment, and should be administered in two doses." 3. Pennie's Formula. — " Add to a bowl of good beef-tea one-half pound of lean, raw beefsteak pulled into shreds. At 99° F. add one drachm of fresh pepsin and one-half drachm of dilute HCl. Place the mixture before the fire and let it remain for four hours, stirring frequently. The heat must not be too great, or the artificial diges- tive process will be stopped altogether. It is better to have the mixture too cold than too hot. If alcohol is to be given it should be added at the last moment. Eggs may also be added, but should be previously well beaten." 4. Peaslee's Formula. — "Crush or grind a pound of beef -muscle fine ; then add one, pint of cold water ; allow it to macerate 40 minutes, and then gradually raise it to the boiling point ; allow it to boil for two minutes — no more — and then strain." 5. Flinfs Mixture. — "Milk ^ij, whisky ^ss, to which add half an egg. ' ' Alimentivity (al-im-en-tiv' -i-te) [alimentare, to nour- ish] . The instinct that impels the animal organism to take food or nourishment. ALINASAL 60 ALLANTOID Alinasal [al-in-a'-sal) [ala, a wing; nasus, the nose]. Pertaining to the a/a nasi, or wing of the nose. Aliped {al'-ip-ed) \ala, a wing; pes, a foot]. Charac- terized by liaving the fingers or toes connected by a membrane, for purposes of flight. Aliptic (al-ip' -tik) [dAetTrn/ccif]. i. Relating to inunc- tion. 2. Gymnastic; pertaining to physical culture. Alisma (al-h'-mah) \a"Aia)ia, plantain]. A genus of endogenous plants. A. plantago, or water plantain, has pungent, acrid qualities, and is used as a diuretic and stimulant. Unof. Alismin (al-h' -min) \a'Xiajia, plantain]. An extractive or precipitate, obtained from the tincture of Alisma plantago. Alisphenoid {al-is-fe'-noid) [ala, a wing ; a^'^, a wedge; elSoQ, form]. I. Pertaining to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. 2. That bone which in adult life forms the main portion of the greater wing of the sphenoid. Alizarin {al-iz-a^ -rin) [Arab., a/, the ; acdrah,\.Q ex- tract], CjjHgOjj. The red coloring principle occur- ing in the madder plant, Rubia tinctorium, and in anthracene, a coal-tar product. It occurs in red pris- matic crystals, readily soluble in ether and alcohol. The alizarins form a group of the anthracene colors. See Conspectus of Pigments under Pigment. A. Blue, a crystalline blue coloring matter formed by heating nitroalizarin in combination with H2SO4 and glycerin. A. Red, a pale flesh-color used in dyeing. Alkahest [al'-ka-hesi). Same as Alcahest. Alkalescence [al-ka-les'-ens) [Arab., al-qall, soda- ash]. Slight or commencing alkalinity; alkaline quality or tendency. Alkalescent {al-ka-les' -ent) [Arab., al-qali, soda-ash]. Somewhat alkaline ; mildly alkaline. Alkali (al'-ka-li) [Arab., al-qali, soda-ash]. The term includes the hydrated oxids of the alkali metals ; these are electro-positive, are strong bases, uniting with acids to form salts, turn red litmus blue, and saponify fats. A., Caustic (usually potash), when so concentrated as to possess caustic properties ; potash and soda are called fixed alkalies, because perma- nently solid ; soda is called a mineral, potash a vege- table, and ammonia a volatile alkali. Alkali-albumin [al' -ka-li-al-bu' -min) . A derived al- bumin ; a. proteid having been acted upon by dilute alkalies and yielding an alkaline reaction. Alkaligenous (al-ka-lij' -en-us) [alkali; yev^g, produ- cing] . Affording or producing an alkali. Alkalimeter (al-ka-lim' -et-er) \_alkali; jiirpov, a mea- sure]. An instrument for estimating the alkali in a substance. Alkalimetry [al-ka-lim' -et-re) [alkali ; /iirpov, a mea- sure]. The measurement of the amount of an alkali in a substance. Alkaline (al'-ka-lin) [alkali ] . Having the qualities of or pertaining to an alkali. A. Bath. See Bath.- A. Copper Test. See 7"ests, Table of. A. Tide. See Tide. Alkalinity {al-ka-lin'-it-e) [alkalil. The quality of being alkaline. Alkalinuria (al-ka-lin-u'-re-ah) [alkali; oipm, urine]. Alkalinity of the urine. Alkalization (al-ka-li-za' -shun) [alk'alij. The act of rendering a thing alkaline ; the state or quality of being rendered alkaline. Alkaloid {al' -ka-loid) [alkali; Moq, likeness]. Resem- bling an alkali. Alkaloidal ial-ka-loid' -al) [alkali; tlSoq, likeness]. Having the qualities of an alkaloid. Alkaloids [al'-ka-loidz) [alkali; elSoQ, likeness]. All nitrogenous vegetable compounds of basic and alka- line character, or their derivatives, from which bases may be isolated. They are chief constituents of the active principles of the vegetable drugs employed as medicines or poisons. Those alkaloids containing no oxygen are generally liquid and volatile ; such are nicotin and conein. The others are solid, crystalliza- ble, and non-volatile. A., Putrefactive. See Pto- maines. Alkaluretic (al-ka-lu-ref -ik) [alkali; ovpov, urine]. Causing or tending to cause a flow of alkaline urine. Alkanet (al'-kan-et) [Sp. , dim. of alcana, henna]. The root of the herb, Alkcmna (Anchusa) tinctoria, yielding a red dye that is used in staining wood, color- ing adulterated wines, and in pharmacy to give a red color to salves, etc. Alkan'na Red. See Alkannin. Alkannin [al'-kan-in) [Sp. , dim. of alcaHa, henna]. Alkanna red; a valuable coloring matter obtained from alkanet. It is a dark, brownish-red, resinous mass, or powder, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether, neutral in reaction. Alkapton {al-kap' -ton) . A yellowish resinous body occa- sionally found in urine, which on exposure to air acquires a brownish tint. It does not ferment and does not reduce bismuth like glucose, though it throws down a somewhat brownish mass. It is highly soluble in water, but only sparingly in ether. Alkaptonuria (al-kap-ton-u' -re-aK) [alkapton; oipm, urine]. The presence of alkapton in the urine. It has been found in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and in other instances in which there are no local lesions or general disease. It is without clinical significance. Alkarsin [al-kar'-sin) [alcohol; arsenic']. Cadet's Fuming Liquid ; an extremely poisonous liquid con- taining cacodyl. It is of a brown color, and on exposure to the air ignites spontaneously. Alkophyr [al'-ko-Jir). BrUcke's name for a variety of peptone soluble in alcohol. Alkoxid [al-koks'-id) [alcohol; oxid]. A chemical compound formed by the union of an alcohol with a metallic base. Alkylogens (al-kil'-o-jenz). See Esters, Haloid. Alkyls (al'-kilz) [alkali\ The name applied to the univalent alcohol radicals, C„H2o + i; methyl, ethyl, etc. , are alkyls. P>X&y\-sa\'f'taA.^{al'-kil-sul'-fids). Thio-ethers. Sulphur analogues of the ethers. They are colorless liquids, mostly insoluble in water and possessing a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. AUagostemonous [al-ag-o-ste' -mon-us) [aXKayii, change; ar^ixuv, a thread or stamen]. In botany, the alternate insertion of the stamens on the receptacle and corolla. Allamanda (al-am-an' -dah) [Allamand, a Swiss scientist]. A genus of apocynaceous climbing shrubs of tropical America. A. cathartica is diaphoretic, emetic, cathartic, and refrigerant. Unof Allantiasis [al-an-ti' -as-is) [aAAdf, a sausage]. Sausage poisoning, due to putrefactive changes in imperfectly cured sausages, or in those made from bad materials. Allantoic (al-an-to'-ik) [dU5f, a sausage; eWof, resem- blance]. Pertaining to the allantois. A. Parasite, a form of autosite in which the weaker fetus forms anastomoses with the allantoic or placental circulation of the stronger, thus becoming directly dependent for its nutrition upon the circulation of the latter. It is characterized by a partial or complete disappearance of the heart of the parasite. AUantoid (al-an' -toid) [dAAaf, sausage; A&o^, resem- blance]. I . Resembling or like a sausage. 2. Rela- ting to the allantois. ALLANTOIDIAN 61 ALLOPHEMY Allantoidian (al-an-toid' -e-an) \bXAag, a sausage ; elioq, resemblance]. Any animal which in its fetal condi- tion possesses an allantois. AUantoin {al-an' -to-ifi) [a^ASf , a sausage , el6oQ, resem- blance] , CjHjN^Oj. A crystalline substance occurring in traces in normal urine, and prepared from uric acid by oxidation processes. Also the characteristic con- stituent of the allantoic fluid, and likewise found in fetal urine and amniotic fluid. It crystallizes in small, shining, colorless, hexagonal prisms, soluble readily in hot water. It reduces Fehling's solution on pro- longed boiling. Allantois {al-an' -to-is] \hX')Aq, a sausage ; eMof , resem- blance]. One of the fetal appendages or membranes, derived from the mesoblastic and hypoblastic layers. Its function is to convey the blood-vessels to the chorion. The lower part finally becomes the bladder, the rest, the urachus. Allantotoxicon [al-an-to-toks' -ik-on) [dAAaf , a sausage ; to^ik6v, a poison]. A name applied to a poisonous substance, probably a ptomaine, that develops during the putrefactive fermentation of sausage, especially that made of blood and liver. Allarton's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Allassotonic {al-as-o-ton' -ik) \cM,6.caeLv, to vary ; t6voq, tension]. In biology, a term applied to the transient movements produced by stimulation, in mature plant organs ; opposite of Auxotonic. Allen's Closet. See Sewage, Disposal of. A. Tests. See Tests, Table of AUenthesis (al-en' -thesis) [dAAof, other; ivBtaiq, insertion]. The presence or the introduction of foreign bodies into the organism. AUentheton (al-en' -the-ton) \h'Kkoq, other; ev0sai(, insertion]. A foreign body present in the organism. AUeorgan, or Alloeorgan {al-e-or'-gan) [a/lAoiof, of another sort; Jpyovov, organ]. SaxaeasAlloplast. AUeosis, or AUoeosis {al-e-o'-sis) [aUoiuaiQ, change]. 1. Change; alterative effect; recovery from illness. 2. Mental disorder. AUeotic, or Alloeotic (al-e-of -ik) [akAolaaiQ, change]. Alterative. AUepigamic {al-ep-ig-am' -ik) \aXko^, other ; ettL, upon ; ya/MKdg, relating to marriage]. In biology, a term applied by Poulton to the colored fo.reign objects dis- played by certain animals dxu-ing courtship, as by the bower birds. Allesthesia (al-es-the' -se-aK) \ak'haq, other ; aladr/cic, feeling]. Same as Allochiria. Allevation ial-e-va' -shun) [aii,io; fc/ar?, to lift up]. I. The relief of pain. 2. The raising or lifting of a patient from the bed or from the reclining posture. Alleviation [al-e-ve-a' -shun) \_aHeviatus ; ad, to ; levare, lift up]. The relief or palliation of pain. AUeviative [al-e' -■ve-a-tiv) [allevare, to lighten]. I. Tending to mitigate or relieve pain. 2. A remedy for the relief of pain. Alleviator [al-e'-ve-a-tor) [allevare, to lighten]. A device for raising or lifting a sick person from the bed. Altex (a/'-^ij) [L.]. Ssxae a.s Ifallux. Allheal (awl-hll') [A. S.,all; halan, to heal]. The officinal valerian, ^/ color]. Of a changeable color. AUocinetic (al-o-sin-et'-ik). See Allokinetic. Allocr.yptic {al-o-krip' -tik) [d/Uof, other; Kpvjrrdc, hidden]. In biology, a term applied by Poulton to mimetic coloration in animals produced by covering themselves with foreign objects. AUoeosis [al-e-o'-sis). See AUeosis. Alloeotic [al-e-of -ik). See AUeotic. Allogamy {al-og'-am-e) [d/l/lof, other; yd/io?, marriage]. In biology, cross fertilization. AUoisomerism [al-o-i-som' -er-izm) [dAi^of , other ; laoiiEpfji, having equal parts]. The application of the same structural formula to many different compounds ; a variety of isomerism. Allokinetic (al-o-kin-et'-ik) [dAAof, other; kIvtioiq, motion] . Moved or set in motion by external impres- sions or forces ; not autokinetic. Allolalia (al-o-la' -le-ah) [dAAof, other; TmKuv, to speak]. Any perversion of the faculty of speech. Allolalic [al-o-lal'-ik) [d/lAof, other; AaAriv, to speak]. Affected with allolalia. Allomerism [al-om' -er-izm) [cMoq, other; fi^pog, shape]. In chemistry, the property of retaining a con- stant crystalline form while the chemical constituents present, or their proportions, vary. Allomorphism (al-o-morf'-izm) [fiAAof , other ; iiopilrl], shape]. The property possessed by certain substances of assuming a different form while remaining un- changed in constitution. Allopathy (al-op' -a-the) [dAAof , other ; ttABo;, affection]. According to Hahnemann, the inventor of the term, that method of the treatment of disease consisting in the use of medicines the action of which upon the body in health produces morbid phenomena different from those of the disease treated. Opposed to homeo- pathy. It need hardly be said that modern scientific medicine is based upon no such theory, or definition, as that supplied by homeopathy. See Regular. Allophasis (al-off'-as-is) [dAAof, other; ^dffi?, speech]. Incoherency of speech ; delirium. Allophemy (al-off'-e-me) [dAAof, other; ijrfiiii,, to speak]. See Heterophemy. ALLOPLAST 62 ALOCHIA Alloplast {al^ -o~plasi) [dA/lof, other; Tr/ladrdf , form, mold]. In biology, a plastid composed of several tissues ; the opposite of homoplast. AUorrhythmia (al-or-ith' -me-ali) [dAAof , other ; jivd/idQ, rhythm]. Variation in interval of the pulse. See Pulse, Pulsus, and Cardiac Khythm. Allosematic {al-o-sem' -at-ili) \hXkoi;, other ; cfj^a, a sign, mark, or significant character]. Applied to coloration which enables an animal to associate itself with some large or dangerous animal. Allosteatodes {al~o-ste-at-o' -dSz) [dXAof , other ; rrrear- wrf(?f, fat-like]. Marked by perversion or morbidity of tlie sebaceous secretion. Allotoxin (al-o-toks'-itC) [d)lAof, other ; to^i,k6v, poison]. Any substance, produced by tissue metamorphosis within the organism, that tends to shield the body by destroying rdicrobes or toxins that are inimical to it. Allotriodontia [al-ot-re-O'don' 'She-ah\ \bXK6TpixtZy strange; orfofcf, tooth]. I. The transplanting of teeth from one person to another. 2. The existence of teeth in abnormal situations, as in tumors. Allotrioecrisis {al-ot-re-o-ek' -ris-is') \JiX)\^Tptj:ii^, strange ; iKuptaig, excretion]. The discharge or elimination of foreign matters with the excretions. Allotriogeusia {al-ot-re-o-gu'-se-ah). Same as Allotri- AUotriogeustia (al-ot-re-o-gus'-te-ah) \akUrpmq, strange ; yevacg, taste] . Perversion of the sense of taste; abnormality'of the appetite. Allotriolithiasis {al-ot-re-o-lith-i' -as-is) [aWdrpiog, strange; Aifof, a stone]. The formation or existence of a calculus of unusual material, or composed entirely or in part of a foreign body. AUotriophagy {al-ot-re-off^ -a-je) \bXk6Tptjo^, strange ; (pa-yeiv, to eat]. Depraved or unnatural appetite. AUotriotexis [al-ot-re-o-teks'-is^ [hTMrpm^, strange; Tffif, birth]. I. Abnormality in delivery. 2. The birth or delivery of a monstrosity. AUotriuria (al-ot-re-u' -re-aK) [d^Xdrpjof , strange ; dbpav, urine]. Abnormality of the urine. Ahotiope (al'-o-trSp) [d/l/lof, different; rpoTr^, a change]. One of the forms in which an element capable of assuming different forms may appear. AUotrophic (al-o-trof'-ik) [d/lAof, other; Tpo(^, nour- ishment]. Having perverted or modified characters as a nutrient. AUotTopism {al-of -ro-pizm) \ak%oq, other; rpSvoq, method]. I. The term expresses the fact of certain elements existing in two or more conditions with differences of physical properties. Thus carbon illus- trates allotropism by existing in the forms of charcoal, plumbago, and the diamond. See Isomeric. 2. Appearance in an unusual or abnormal fonn. Allotropy (al-ot'-ro-pe). Allotropism. Allotrylic (al-o-tril' -i/e) [aXUTpioq, foreign ; vXr), prin- ciple]. Due to the presence of a foreign principle or material; enthetic. A. Affections, morbid states caused by the lodgment of foreign substances in the organism. The foreign substance may be animate or inanimate, organic or inorganic. Alloxan (al-oks'-an) [allantoin ; oxalic^ QH^N^O^. The ureld of mesoxalic acid ; it is produced by the careful oxidation of uric acid, or alloxantin with nitric acid or chlorin and bromin. It appears in long, shining, rhombic prisms, easily soluble in water, with a very acid reaction, and possessing a disagreeable taste. The solution placed on the skin slowly stains it a purple red. It occurs in the intestinal mucus in cases of diarrhea. Alloxanic Acid (al-oks-an'-ili). See Acid. Alloxantin [al-oks-an'-tin) [allantoin ; oxalic'], CgH,- N4O, -|- sH^O. A substance obtained by reducing alloxan with SnCl^, zinc and HCl, or H2S in the cold- It occurs in small, hard, colorless prisms that turn red in air containing ammonia. Its solution has an acid reaction. Alloy [al-oi') [from the French word aloi, a, contraction of a la loi"]. 1. A compound of two or more metals by fusion. See Gold Plate and Gold Solder. 2. The least valuable of two or more metals that are fused together. Allozooid (al-o-zo'-oid) [dAXof , other ; fuowd^f, like an animal]. In zoology, a zooid differing from the organism producing it. Allspice (awl'-spis). See Pimenta, and Florida All- spice. Allure {al-ui'') . Synonym of Influenza. Allyl [al'-il) [tiXri, matter], C3H5. A non-saturated univalent alcohol-radical of the oils obtained from alliaceous plants. It does not exist in the free state. A. Alcohol, C3H5HO, a colorless inflammable liquid, with pungent odor, boiling at 97° C. A. Aldehyd, CjHjO, a syn. of Acrolein. A. Cyanid. See Sinamin. A. Mustard Oil, CS.N.C3H5, Allyl thio- carbimid. The principal constituent of ordinary mus- tard oil. It is a liquid not readily dissolved by water; boils at 150.7°; at 10°, it has a sp. gr. of 1.017 ; it has a pungent odor and vesicates the skin. A. sulphid, (03115)28, the essential oil of garlic. A. thiocarbimid. See A. Mustard Oil. A. tribromid, CgHjEr^, a colorless liquid used as an antispasmodic. Dose, five drops. Unof. AUylatnin [al-iV -am-iri) [S/l?/, matter; ammonia'], NH2(C3H5j. Ammonia in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by allyl. It is a sharply caustic mobile liquid. AUylin [al-il'-in) [i'A)?, matter], CgHj^Oj. Monoallyl ether, produced by heating glycerol with oxalic acid. It is a thick liquid, boiling at 225—240°. Almeciga {al-ma' -thig-aK) [Sp.]. See Elemi. Almen and Nylander's Test. See Tests, Table of. Almen's Tests. See Tests, Table of. Almond iam'-und^ [M. E. , almonde]. See Amyg- dala. A. Bread, a variety of bread made from almond flour, for use by diabetics. It is made as follows : Take of blanched sweet almonds a quarter of a pound. Beat them as fine as possible in a stone mortar, remove the sugar by putting in a linen bag and steeping for a quarter of an hour in boiling water acidulated with vinegar ; mix this paste thoroughly with three ounces of butter and two eggs. Add the yolks of three eggs and a little salt, and stir well for some time. Whip up the whites of three eggs and stir in. Put the dough thus obtained into greased moulds and dry by a slow fire. A. of the Ear, the tonsil. A. Mixture. See Amygdala Mistura. A. Oil, oleum amygdalee, the fixed oil obtained from both the sweet and the bitter almond. It is odorless, agreeable to the taste, and of a yellow color ; sp. gr. .919 at 15° C. It is used in phannacy and medicine and in soap-making. A. Oil, Bitter, Oleum amyg- dalse amarse. See Amygdala. A. Paste, a magma of bitter almonds, alcohol, white of egg and rose-water, used to soften the skin and prevent the hands and lips from chapping. A. of the Throat, the tonsil. Alnuin (al'-nu-in) [Celtic, al, neat; Ian, a river-bank]. A precipitate from the tincture of Alniis rubra. Said to be alterative and resolvent. Dose gr. ii-x. Unof. Alnus [al'-nus) [Celtic, al, near; Ian, a river-bank]. Alder Bark. The bark of the American Alder. A. serrulata, contains tannic acid. The decoction of bark and leaves is astringent, and used as a gargle and as a lotion for wounds and ulcers. Dose of powdered bai-k gr. X. Alochia {ah-lo'-ke-ah) [a priv.; Mxm, the lochia]. Absence of the lochia. ALOE 63 ALSACE GUM Aloe (al'-o) \b.UTi, the aloe]. The inspissated juice of several species of aloe, of which the A. socotrina, A. barbadensis , and A. capensis are most commonly used. Its properties are due to a glucosid, aloin, Cj,HjgO,. A tonic astringent, useful in amenorrhea, chronic consti- pation, and atonic dyspepsia. It is also an emmen- agogue and anthelmintic. Dose gr. j-v. A. amer- icana. See Agave. A. Decoct., Comp. (B.P.). Dose gr. ss-ij. A. Bnetna (B.P.), aloes, carbonate of potassium ; mucilage of starch. A. et Asafoetida, Pil., aloes and asafetida aa gr. IJ^. A. et Canellae, Pulv., contains powdered bark of Canella alba. Dose gr. v-xx. A. et Ferri, Pil., contains gr. j each of aloes, ferrous sulphate, and aromatic powder, incor- porated with confection of roses. A. et Mastich, Pil., "Lady Webster's" pill, contains each aloes gr. ij, mastich and red rose gr. ss. A. et Myrrh, Pil., contains each aloes gr. ij, myrrh, gr. j, aromatic pow- der gr. ss, mixed with syrup. A. et Myrrh, Tinct., aloes to, myrrh lo, alcohol loo parts. Dose 3 ss- 3 ij. A. Ext. Aquosum, prepared by mixing I with 10 parts boiling water, straining and evaporating. Dose gr. ss-v. A. Pil., aloes and soap aa gr. ij. A. Puri- ficata, the common drug purified by solution in alcohol and evaporation. Dose gr. j— v. A. Socotrin, Pil. (B. P.), contains socotrin, aloes, hard soap, oil of nut- meg and confection of roses. Dose gr. v-x. A. Tinct., consists of aloes 10, glycyrrhiza 10, dil. alcohol ICO parts. Dose gss-gij. A. Vin., has aloes 6, cardamon I, ginger I, str. white wine 100 parts. Dose 3J— giv. Aloedary (al' -o-ed-a-re) \h'>Mri6apum, aloedarium]. A compound aloetic purgative medicine. Aloeretin {al-o-e-re' -tin) [aUr;, aloes; prjTivri , resin]. A brown resin contained in aloes. Aloes [al'-oz). See Aloe, A. Caballine [^caballus, a horse]. Coarse aloes, used in veterinary medi- cine. A. Hepatic, dark liver-colored aloes, mostly Socotrine or Barbadian. A. Lign. See Agallo- ckutn. Aloes-wood {al'-oz-wood). See Agallochum, and Aquilaria. Aloetic {al-o-et'-ik) [hMrj, the aloe]. Containing or pertaining to aloes. Aloetin {al-o-e' -tin) \hUii}, the aloe; prjTivri, resin]. I. Aloeretin. 2. A yellow crystalline principle obtain- able from aloes ; aloeretic acid. . Alogia {a.h-lo' -je-aK) [a priv. ; /Idyof, word, reason]. 1. Inability to speak, due to some psychical defect. 2. Stupid or senseless behavior. Alogotrophy {al-o-gof -ro-fe) [d/loyof , strange, absurd ; Tpo^, nutrition]. Irregular and perverted nutrition, leading to deformity. Aloin {al'-o-in) \b,Ur], the aloe]. A bitter principle found in aloes. It forms fine needles, possesses a very bitter taste, and acts as a strong purgative. Sev- eral glucosids of this name are described ; as Bar- baloin, Nataloin, Zanaloin, Socaloin, q. v. Alonette's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Alonsenel [al-on-sen-el'') [Fr.]. A variety of the Cow- ania mexicana, a tall, rosaceous shrub of Mexico and the Rocky Mountain region. It is also called Cowan Plant and Cliff-rose. It is locally valued as a styptic and astringent. Unof Alopecia {al-o-pe' -se-ah) \bMi'Kri^, a fox]. Baldness ; Calvities ; a term employed to, designate the forms of baldness occurring in any disease as a symptom of the latter, or occurring as a purely local affection of the follicles in which the, pilary filaments are lodged. It may be universal or partial, congenital or acquired, physiological or pathological, symmetrical or .asym- metrical. It follows a large number of systemic affections. A. adnata. See A., Congenital. A. areata ; Area celsi ; Tinea decalvans ; Porrigo de- calvans ; Alopecia circumscripta ; that condition in which suddenly or slowly one or several, usually asymmetrically distributed, patches of baldness appear upon the hairy regions of the body, more often upon the scalp and parts covered by the beard. The patches vary in size from a pin-head to an involvement of the entire surface from the coalescing of many patches. The disease may be produced by traumatism of the head, nervous shock, neurasthenia, ringworm of the scalp and syphilis. A. circumscripta. See A. are- ata. A., Congenital, a rare form, seldom complete, due to absence of hair-bulbs. A. furfuracea ; Alo- pecia pityroides capillitii; Pityriasis capitis; Seborrhea capillitii ; Pityriasis simplex; Dandruff; a form of baldness associated with a disorder of the scalp marked by hyperemia, itching, and exfoliation of dry or fatty scales from its surface. It may be acute or chronic, and produce a dryness, brittleness, and lack of luster in the hair. A. localis ; A. neuritica ; that form occurring in one or more patches at the site of an injury, or in the course of a recog- nizable nerve. A. neuritica. See A. localis. A. neurotica, a name given to baldness of tropho- neurotic origin. A. orbicularis. Same as A. cir- cumscripta. A. pityroides capillitii. See A. furfuracea. A. pityroides universalis, a rapid and general denudation of hair occurring in debilitated states, preceded by abundant desquamation of fatty scales. The skin is rather firmer and stiffer than- normal. A. senilis ; Senile Calvities ; that occur- ring in old age from atrophy and sclerosis of the scalp. A. simplex, the idiopathic premature baldness of young adults. Most common in males. Often asso- ciated with premature grayness. A. syphilitica, that due to syphilis. A. universalis, that in which there is a general falling out of the hairs of the body. Alopecist (al-o-pe' -sist) \_iM>Trri^, a fox]. One who makes a specialty of the treatment of baldness. A.\q^&CqH (al-o-pe'-koid) [aAfiiTr;?^, a fox ; eZdoc, form]. Resembling a fox ; vulpine. Alouchi (al-oo'-cki). See Acuchi. Alouette's Amputation. See Operations, Table of. Aloxanthin [al-oks-an' -thin) , CjjHjjOg. A yellow substance obtained from barbaloin and socaloin by the action of bichromate of potassium. Alpestrine [al-pes' -trin) [alpestris, alpine]. Peculiar to mountain districts, as alpestrine diseases. Alpha ial'-fah) [oA^a, the first letter of the alphabet]. The Greek letter a, used in combination with many chemical terms to indicate the first of a series. A. Angle. See /Ingle. A. -dextrin. Same as Ery- thro-dextrin. A. Kava Resin. See Leiuinin. A.- naphthol. See Naphthol. A.-naphthol Test. See Tests, Table of. A.-oxynaphthoic Acid. SesAcid, Alpha-oxynaphthoic. Alphenic (al-fen'-ik) [Fr. , AlpUnic^ White barley sugar. Alphonsin [al-fon'-sin). See Alfonsin. Alphos {o/'-/o.r)[aA^iif, vitiligo], i. An old name for leprosy. 2. Psoriasis. 3. A term vaguely applied to various skin diseases. See Psoriasis. Alphosis [al-fo'-sis) [aX(p6g, vitiligo]. Albinism; leu- coderma. Alpinia (al-pin' -e-aK) \Alpinus, Italian botanist of the sixteenth century]. A genus of zingiberaceous trop- ical plants. A. officinarum, A. chinensis, and other species furnish Galangal, q.v. Still other species are medicinal. Unof. Alsace Gum [al-sas' gum). See Dextrin. ALSTONIDIN 64 ALUSIA Alstonidin (al-ston' -id-iti) \Alston, a Scotch botanist]. An amorphous substance contained in a variety of Dita bark. Alstonin (al' -sto-nin) \_Alston, a Scotch botanist]. I. An amorphous substance contained in a variety of Dita bark. 2. A crystalhne alkaloid, C21H25NJO4, obtained from Alstonia Constricta. Alter {awl'-ter) [L. ," other"]. To castrate, or spay. Alterant [awV -ter-an£). Same as Alterative. Alteration [awl-ter-a^ -shun) \alferare, to make other]. A change, as of form. A. Theory. See Difference Theory. Alterative (wwl' -ter-a-tiv) \alter, another]. A medi- cine that alters the processes of nutrition and excre- tion, restoring, in some unknown vifay, and without sensible evacuation, the normal functions of an organ or of the system. It seems to be a necessary or con- venient term covering our ignorance of the modus operandi of certain medicines, as mercury, iodin, etc. A., Compound, a domestic remedy consisting of bam- boo, brier-root, stillingia, burdock-root, and poke-root, aa fid. ext. ^iij, prickly-ash bark fld. ext. §j. Recommended by Sims in scrofulous affections. Dose Alternate [awl' -ter-ndt) \_alternare, to do by turns] . In botany, applied to that form of leaf-arrangement in which only one leaf occurs at a node. A. Genera- tion. See Alternation of Generations. Alternating [awl' -ter-nat-ing) \_alternare, to do by turns]. Occurring successively. A. Insanity, a form of insanity in which there are regular cycles of exaltation and depression. Alternation (awl-ter-na' -shun) [altemare, to do by turns]. Repeated transition from one state to another. A. of Generations. I. In biology, a generative cycle in which the young do not resemble the parent, but like forms are separated by one or more unlike generations. 2. That form of reproduction in which some of the members of the cycle can produce new beings non-sexually, while in the final stage reproduc- tion is always sexual. Tenia or tapeworm, is an example. The segments, Proglottides, are herma- phrodite, and are evacuated with the feces. From the egg, fertilized after it is shed, is developed the embryo, that is swallowed by another animal, in whose tissues it forms an encysted stage [CysHcercus, Ccenunis, or £chinococcus). To undergo further development the cysticercus must find another host, where it forms new segments. Althaus's Oil. A modification of Lang's Oil. It is made as follows : Metallic merpury I part, pure lano- lin 4 parts, 2 per cent, carbolic oil S parts. It forms a homogeneous gray cream that has no tendency to decomposition. It is used in the treatment of syphilis in injections of n^v at a dose. Althea or Althaea (al-the'-ah) [L.]. Marsh-mallow. The peeled root of A. officinalis, a plant of the mal- low family. It consists of about one-third of vege- table mucus and starch, together with the alkaloids Asparagin and Althein (latterly regarded as identical). Its decoction is employed as a mucilaginous drink. A. syrupi contains four per cent, althea. Dose in- definite. Asparagin possesses sedative and diuretic properties, and is useful in ascites and gout. Dose gr, ij-iij. Althein (al-the'-in). See Althea. Alticotnous (al-tik' -o-mus) [^altus, high ; coma, head of hair, foliage]. In biology, leafy at or near the summit only. Altitude [al' -te-tud) [altitudo, height]. The height, as of an individual. In climatology, the elevation of a place above the sea-level. A. -staff, a device em- ployed for measuring the exact height of recruits. It consists of a rigid upright with a vertex-bar moving without play at right angles to the upright. Altricious {al-trish' -us) \altrix, a nurse]. Requiring a long nursing ; hence, slow of development (the re- verse of precocious) . Aluchi [al-oot -chi) . See Acuchi. Aludel \al'-u-del) [Arab., al, the; uthal, utensil]. In chemistry, a pear-shaped glass or earthen vessel used in sublimation. Alum {al'-um) [alumen, alum]. Any one of a class of double sulphates formed by the union of one of the sulphates of certain non-alkaline metals with a sulphate of some alkaline metal. The standard (or common commercial) alum, the official Alumen, U. S. P., is the aluminium-potassium sulphate, Alj- (S04)g -f- K2SO4 -\- 24HjO. It is a powerful astrin- gent and styptic in medicine, and is extensively used in the arts. It is employed by bakers to whiten their bread, but the effect upon the system is probably in- jurious. Ordinary A. Ammoniae is the same as the above, except that the potassium is replaced by am- monium. It is official in Great Britain, and is exten- sively used on account of its cheapness. What is known as concentrated or patent alum, is the normal aluminium sulphate (aluminii sulphas') which is not a true alum. A. Ammonio-ferric [Ferri et Ammonii sulphas) , U. S. P. , is strongly styptic, and is useful in leucorrhea. Dose gr. v— x. A. Potassio-ferric is extremely similar to the A. ammonio-ferric. (For A. Rubidium, see Rubidium). A. Sodae, double sul- phate of sodium and aluminium, is too soluble for ordinary uses. The other alums are very numerous, but they are of little interest to the physician. A. Whey, a preparation obtained by boiling 7^ ij of alum in a pint of milk, and straining. It is used as an astrin- gent and internal hemostatic, in wineglassful doses. PiXu.vae.'o. (al-u' -meri) \\,. , gen. , Alum.inis\ See Alum. A. exsiccatum, burnt or dehydrated alum. Alumina [al-u' -min-ah) [L.]. Sesquioxid of alumin- ium ; the principal ingredient of clay, and of many stones, earths and minerals. Aluminate [al-u' -//lin-dt) \_alumina']. A basic salt of alumina. Aluminated Copper. See Lapis divinus. Aluminiferous (al-u-min-if -er-us) [alumen, alum ; ferre, to form]. Yielding alum. Aluminium (al-u-min' -e-um) [L.]. Al ^= 27. Quan- tivalence II, iv. A silver white metal distinguished by its low sp. gr., about 2.6. A. hydrate, Al2(H0)g, a tasteless white powder, feebly astringent. Dose gr. iij-xx. A. and Potassium sulphate, K2Al2(S04)4 [Alum, q. v.), a valuable astringent used in catarrh, leucorrhea, gonorrhea. Dose gr. x-xx. In teaspoon- ful doses, an emetic. A. sulphate, Al2(S04)3, an antiseptic and astringent used as a lotion in 5 per cent, solution. A. acetate, unof. ; a disinfectant. A. acetotartrate, unof. ; a disinfectant. Aluminosis [al-u-min-o' -sis) [aluminitim']. A pul- monary disease common among workers in aluminium ; the dust collects within the lung tissue. Alumnol [al-um'-nol) [aluminium']. An astringent • and antiseptic " sulphur combination of aluminium." Useful in gonorrhea, endometritis, ear, nose and skin diseases, etc. Used in the main externally. Unof Alum Root. The root of Heuchera americana. Prop- erties due to gallic and tannic acids. It is very astrin- gent. Dose of the fld. ext. gtt. x-xx. Also the root of Geranium maculatum, a mild and safe astringent. See Geranium. Unof. Alusia (al-u' -ze-ah) [lOAuv, to wander]. Hallucina- tion ; morbid state of mind. ALUTACEOUS 65 AMAUROSIS Alutaceous (al-u-ta' -she-us) [alula, soft leather]. In botany, of a pale brown Color, like untanned leather. Alvearium (al-ve-a' -re-um) [L.]. The external audi- tory canal or meatus, Alveloz {al-vel-olh') [Sp.]. An extractive from Eu- phorbia iclerodoxa, having diuretic properties. It is highly recommended as a topical application in can- cer. Unof. Alveolar [al-ve' -o-lar') [alveolus, a small hollow]. Per- taining to the alveoli or sockets of the teeth. A. Ab- scess, a gum-boil. A. Arch, the alveolar surface of the jaw. A. Artery, a branch of the internal maxil- lary. A. Border, the face margin of the jaws. A. Cancer. See Cancer. A. Index, in craniometry, the gnathic index ; the ratio of the distance between the basion and alveolar point, to the distance be- tween the basion and the nasal point, multiplied by 100. (Sometimes the basilar index is called the alve- olar index. ) See Index and Craniometrical Points. A. Point. See Craniometrical Points. A. Process, the border of the superior maxilla in which the alveoli are placed. A. Sarcoma. See Sarcoma. Alveolarium (al-ve-o-la' -re-um) [alveus, a bee-hive]. A name sometimes applied to the external meattis of the ear. It is so called because the wax of the ear gathers in that place. Alveolate [al-ve' -o-lat, or aV -ve-o-ldf) [alveolatus, hol- lowed out like a little tray]. In biology, pitted, honey- combed. Alveoli (al-ve' -o-K). Genitive and plural oi Alveolus. Alveolitis {al-ve-o-li'-tis) [alveolus, a hollow ; ltiq, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the alveolus of a tooth. Alveolo-condylean (al-ve' •o-lo-kon-dil' -e-ari) [a/z/m- /«j, a hollow; )c(ivdu/lof, a knuckle]. In craniometry, pertaining to the alveolus and condyle. A. Plane. See Plane. «* Alveolo-dental (al-ve'-o-lo-den'-tal) [alveolus, a hol- low ; dens, dentis, a tooth]. Pertaining to the teeth and their sockets. Alveolo-labialis (al-ve' -o-lo-lab-e-a' -lis) [alveolus, a hollow; /aW»»«, the lip]. The buccinator muscle. Alveolo-subnasal (al-ve' -o-lo-sub-na' -sal) [alveolus, a hollow; j«^, under; nasus, nose]. In biology, per- taining to the alveolar and subnasal points of the skull. A. Prognathism. See Prognathism. Alveolus (al-ve' -o-lus) [L. ; pi.. Alveoli]. The bony socket of a tooth. A. of Glands, the ultimate sacs of a racemose gland. A. of the Lungs, are the air cells. A. of the Stomach, or the alevolar structures , are depressions, like honeycomb cells, found in the stomach, intestines and esophagus. Alvergnat's Pump. An instrument used in estimating the gaseous constituents of the blood. Alveus (al'-ve-us) [alveus, a trough]. A trough, tube, or canal ; applied to ducts and vessels of the body. A. communis, the utricle of the ear. A. hippocampi, a certain structure in the cerebral hem- isphere investing the convexity of the hippocampus major. Alviduca (al-ve-du'-ka) [alvus, the belly; ducere to lead]. Laxative or cathartic medicines. Alvifluxus (al-ve-fluks' -us) [alvus, the belly ; fluxus, a flow]. A free alvine discharge; a diarrhea. A. Torminosus. A synonym of Dysentery. Alvine (al'-vin or -vln) [alvinus ; alvus , heWy']. Per- taining to the belly. A. Concretion, an intestinal calculus. A. Dejections, the feces. A. Discharges, the feces. A. Obstruction. Synonym oi Constipation. Alvus (al'-vus) [L.]. The belly, or its contained viscera. Alymphia (ah-limf -e-ah) [a priv. ; lympha, clear water]. A deficiency of lymph. 5 Alysm, or Alysmus (al'-izm, or al-iz'-mus) [akoeji&i, a wandering]. Disquietude; restlessness; mental disquiet ; sadness ; anxiety. Amadelphous (am-ad-el' -jus) [afia, together ; adsTi^d^, brother]. In zoology, gregarious. PLmai&on (am'-a-doo) [Fr. , amadouer, to coax]. Ger- man tinder or touchwood ; Boletus igniarius, a fungus found on old tree-trunks, used to stanch local hem- orrhage, as a dressing of wounds, etc. Amalgam (am-al'-gam) [_fi6.7Myiia, a soft mass]. A combination of mercury with any other metal. See Copper Amalgam. A. Carrier and Plugger, an instrument designed for carrying and introducing amal- gam into the cavity of a tooth. A. Manipulator, an instrument used by dentists for preparing amalgam fillings. Amalgamation (am-al-gam-a' -shun) [/iaXayfia, a soft mass]. In metallurgy, the process of combining mercury with some other metal, as practiced in sepa- rating silver and gold from some other ores. ' Amalic Acid (am-al'-ik). See Acid. Amandin (am-an'-din) [Fr. , amande, almond]. A proteid contained in sweet almonds. Amandine (am-an'-din) [Fr. , amande, almond]. A kind of cold cream or almond paste. Amanitin (am-an' -it-iri) [hjiavlTai, a kind of fungus]. I. A principle identical with cholin, obtained from the fly agaric. 2. A poisonous glucosid obtainable from various species of agaric. Amara (am-a'-ra) [amarus, bitter]. Bitters. Amaranthus spinosus (am-ar-an' -thus spi-no'-siis\ [L.]. The fresh root of the shrub is used in India as a specific in gonorrhea. An emollient and diuretic. Dose indefinite. Unof. Amarin (am-a'-rin) [amarus, bitter], C^iHjgNj. Tri- phenyl dihydroglyoxalin, results from boiling hydro- benzamid with caustic potash. It crystallizes from alcohol and ether in prisms, melting at 113°. I' exerts a poisonous effect on animals. Amarone (am-ar-on') [amarus, bitter], CijHjjN. A crystalline substance produced by the dry distillation of hydrobenzamid and other substances. Amarthritis (am-ar-thri' -tis) [hfm, together ; ap6pov, a. joint; JTJC, inflammation]. Arthritis affecting many, or several joints at once. Amasesis (ah-mas-e' -sis) [a priv. ; fiaoTjOLQ, chewing]. Inability to chew the food. Amassette (am-as-ef) [Fr.]. A kind of spatula, often of horn, used in color-grinding and in pharmacy. Amasthenic (am-as-then' -ik) [a\m, together; aBhiog, strength]. Uniting the chemical ray of light in a focus, as a lens. Amastia (ah-mas'-te-ah) [a priv. ; /iaard^, breast]. The condition of being without mammse or nipples. Amativeness (am'-at-iv-nes) [amare, to love]. The sexual passion. Amatory (am'-at-o-re) [amator, a, lover]. Pertaining to love. A. Fever, love-sickness ; chlorosis. A. Muscles, the oblique muscles of the eye, used in ogling. _ Amaurosis (am-aw-ro'-sis) [ajiavp6uv, to darken]. A term that, from its vagueness, is happily becoming disused, signifying partial or total loss of vision. When partial, the word amblyopia is now used ; when complete, blindness. The word is still some- times used to express blindness when the cause is unknown or doubtful. A., Albuminuric, that due to renal disease. A., Cerebral, that due to lesion of the brain. A., Congenital, that fonn existing from birth. A., Diabetic, that associated with diabetes. A., Hysteric, that associated with hysteria, usual- ly in the female. A., Reflex, that resulting from AMAUROTIC 66 AMEBOID a reflex action upon the optic nerve following some remote source of irritation. A. Saburral, sudden temporary blindness occurring in an attack of acute gastritis. A. Uremic, that due to an acute attack, or an exacerbation of a chronic form of nephritis. Amaurotic [am-aw-rot^-jk) [_aftavp6eiv , to darken]. Re- lating to, or affected with amaurosis. A. Cats-eye, a light-reflex through the pupil in suppurative choroiditis. Amaxophobia {ani-aks-o-fo^ -be-aJi) \h^^a, a car ; (pifiog, fear]. Morbid dread of being in, or riding upon, a car or wagon. Amazia (ah-ma' -%e-aH) [o priv. ; /ia^dg, the breast]. Congenital absence of the mammary gland. See Amber {avi^-ber). See Succinum. Ambergpris {am' -ber-gris) \_amber ; Yx.gris, gray]. A substance excreted by the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus. It is not known whether it is a pathological product or not. It exhales a fragrant, musky odor when warmed, and is used in adynamic fevers, chronic catarrh, and nervous diseases. Dose, * gr. j-iij. Unof. See Ambrein. Ambidexter {am-be-deks' -ter) \ambo, both ; dexter, the right hand]. An ambidextrous person. Ambidextrous {am-be-deks' -trus) [ambo, both ; dexter, the right hand]. Able to use both hands equally well. Ambigenous {am-bij'-en-us)\_ambi,\ioi!a; genus, born\. In biology, having a perianth" with parts resembling sepals and petals. Ambiparous {am-bip' -ar-us") [ambi, on both sides ; parere, to produce]. In biology, producing both kinds ; as a bud that produces both leaves and flower. Ambloma {am-blo' -mah) [ajj-^^oiia, an abortion: pi., Amblomata\ An amblosis or abortion ; an aborted fetus. Amblosis {am-blo' -sis) [a/i/3Au cane-sugar 36.43, starch 30.85, soluble carbohydrates 45.35, albuminoids 10.54, ash 1. 21. A. Valerian. See Cypripedium. A. Worm seed. See Chenopodium. Amertume (am-ar-tum') [Fr.]. A disease of wine, characterized by bitterness, and caused by a specific bacillus. Ametabolic {ah-met-ab-ol' -ik) [a priv. ; /ZETa^dAoc, changeable]. Not due to, or causing, or undergoing, metabolism. Ametria {ah-mef -re-ah) [a priv. ; fcflJpa, womb]. Absence of the uterus. Ametrometer \ah-met-rom' -et-er) [a priv. ; piTpov, a measure; o^jf, sight]. An instrument for measuring ametropia. Ametropia {ah-met-ro' -pe-ah) [a priv. ; jierpov, a measure ; oTJjig, sight]. Ametropia exists when an imperfect image is formed upon the retina, due to defective refractive power of the media, or to abnor- malities of form of the eye. In myopia the antero- posterior diameter is too great, or the power of the refractive media is too great ; hyperm,etropia (or hyper- opia) is the exact reverse of the last ; astigmatism is due to imperfect curvature of the cornea, or of the retina, or to inequality of refracting power in different parts of the lens ; presbyopia is due to inelasticity of the lens, producing insufficient accommodation ; aphakia, or absence of the lens, produces both insufficient re- fracting power and loss of accommodation. Ametropic {ah-met-rop' -ik) [a priv. ; fierpov, a measure ; Si/iif, sight]. Affected with or pertaining to ame- tropia. Amianthium [am-e-an' -the-um) [a/iiavrog, unspotted ; avdog, flower]. A genus of liliaceous or melantha- ceous plants. A. muscce toxicum, ("fly poison"), a handsome flowering plant of the United States ; has properties not unlike those of veratrum. Unof. Amiantus (am-e-an' -tus), or Amianthus (am-e-dn'- thus). See Asbestos. Amic {am'-ik) [ammonia]. Pertaining to an amin, or having the nature of an amin. Amici Prism [am-e'-che prizjn). See Prism. Amicrobic [ah-mi-kro' -bik) [a priv. ; microbion, microbe]. Not due to, or associated with, microbes. Amid (am' -id) [ammonia]. A chemical compound produced by the substitution of an acid radical for one or more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia. The amids are primary, secondary, or tertiary, according as one, two, or three hydrogen atoms have been so replaced. They are white crystalline solids, often capable of combining with both acids and bases. A. Bases. See Amins, Primary. Amidin (atn'-id-in) [Fr. , amidon, starch]. Starch altered by heat intoahorny, transparent mass; soluble starch ; that part of starch which is soluble in water. Amidins (am'-id-inz) [ammonia]. Mono-acid bases produced from the nitrites by heating with ammonium chlorid. In the free condition they are quite unstable. They contain the group C.NH.NH,. Amido-acetic Acid (am'-id-o-as-e'-tii as' -id). See Glycocoll and Glycin. Amido-acid (am' -id-o-as' -id) [ammonia ; acetum., vinegar]. An acid containing the amido-group, NHj. AMIDOGEN AMMONIUM Amidogen {am-id' -o-jen) [amid ; yevvav, to produce]. The hypothetical radical, NHj, regarded as an essen- tial part of all amids. See Amid. Amido-glycerol {am'-id-o-glis'-er-ol). See Serin. Amido-kephalin (am' -id-o-kef -al-in) [amid; iiei^aXii, the head]. One of the modifications of kephalin found in the brain tissue. The name is sometimes ex- tended to other similar principles, the amidokephalins. Amido-lipotide (am' -id-o-lip' -o-tld). Any one of a very peculiar group of nitrogenous fats said to exist in the brain. AmidomyeUn (am'-id-o-mi'el-in) [am.id ; /iveXd^, marrow] , C^jHgjNjPOij. A dipolar alkaloid or basic principle, derivable from brain tissue. It gives name to a group of similar bodies, the amidomyelins. Amidoplast (am'-id-o-plast) [afivWov, starch ; irlaaceLv, to form], in biology, a name proposed by Errera for leukoplastids. Proteid granules vifhose functions it is to form starch grains. Amido-succinamic Acid (am' -id-o-suk-sin-am' -ik as'-id"). Same as Asparagin. Amidoxitn, or Amidoxime (am-id-oks'-im). See Oxamidin. Amidulin (am-id' -u-lin) [Fr. , amidon, starch]. Sol- uble starch ; prepared by the action of HjSO^ on starch, thus removing the starch-cellulose. Amimia (ah-mim' -e-ah) [a priv. ; lu/iog, a mimic]. An aphasic symptom consisting in loss of the power of imitation or of pantomime speech. A. Musical, patho- logical loss of the power of playing musical instruments. Amin (am'-in) [ammonia']. The A?nins are chemi- cal compounds produced by the substitution of a basic atom or radical for one or more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia ; or basic derivatives of carbon, contain- ing nitrogen and viewed as ammonia derivatives. In deportment they bear some similarity to ammonia. The lower members are gases with ammoniacal odor and are readily soluble in water ; they differ from am- monia in their combustibility. The highest members are liquids soluble in water, only the highest are spar- ingly soluble. They are called Monamins, Diamins^ Triamins, etc. , according to the number of amidogen molecules, NH^, substituted for H. A. Colors. Same as Anilin Colors, q. u. A. Primary, an amin in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by a monovalent alkyl. A. Secondary, an amin in which two hydrogen atoms are replaced by monovalent alkyls. K. Ter- tiary, an amin in which three hydrogen atoips are replaced by monovalent alkyls. Atninol (am'-in-oi) [amin\. A gaseous substance derived from the methylamin of herring-brine mixed with milk of lime. This gas is cheap and powerfully disinfectant, and it has been used in the purification of sewage. Amins Process. See Sewerage, Disposal of. Amitosis (ah-tnit-o' -sis) [a priv. ; mitosis, indirect cell- division, karyokinesis ; fihoQ, a thread; osis]. Cell multiplication by direct division, or simple cleavage, the nucleus usually assuming an hour-glass shape and dividing before the protoplasm. The opposite of mitosis. Amitotic (ak-mit-ot'-ik) [a priv. ; fiWoQ, thread]. Of the nature of, or characterized by, amitosis. A. Cell Division, direct nuclear subdivision, as distinguished from karyokinesis. Amixia (ah-miks' -e-ah) [a priv. ; //ifif, mixing]. In biology, the formation of a new species without the mingling of two individuals or their germs ; asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis. Amma (am' -ah) [d/x/ia, a tie: pi., Ammata"]. A truss or girdle for hernia. Ammelid (am'-el-id) [Ammonia; melamid'\,Q.^^^- Oj. , A substance produced by boiling melamin with alkalies or acids ; it is a white powder that forms salts with both acids and bases. Ammelin (am'-el-in) [Ammonia; melam], C3H5N5O. A white powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alkalies and mineral acids. Produced by boiling melamin with alkalies and acids. ATaxaelST (am' -et-er) [ampere ; iihpm), &me3.sme]. A form of galvanometer in which the value of the cur- rent is measured directly in amperes. Ammi (am'-i) [afifu, an African plant]. A genus of umbelliferous herbs bearing aromatic seeds or fruits. The seeds of several species are locally used in medi- cine. Unof. A. copticum. See Ajowan. Ammism (am'-izm) [hfifioq, sand]. Aramotheraphy ; psammism. Ammonemia, (am-o-ne' -me-ah). See Ammoniemia. Ammonia (am-o' -ne-ah) [L.]. A volatile alkali, NHj. See Ammonium. A. Carmin. See Stains, Table of. Ammoniac (am-o'-ne-ak). See Ammoniacum. Ammoniacal (am-o-ni' -ak-al) [ammonia]. Containing or relating to ammonia. Ammoniacum (am-o-ni' -ak-um) [a/i/ifJVi.aK6(, belong- ing to ammonia ; gen. , Ammoniaci]. Ammoniac. A gum obtained from a Persian plant, Dorema Ammo- niacum. A stimulating expectorant and laxative, resembling asafetida. Employed in chronic bronchial affections. Dose gr. x-xxx. A. cum Hydrargyro Emplastrum, ammoniac 72, mercury 18 per cent., oleate of mercury .8, dilute acetic acid too, lead plaster, with sulphur, and oil, q. s. A. Emplastrum, 100 parts of ammoniac, digested with 140 parts of acetic acid, diluted, strained, and evaporated. A. Emulsum, a four per cent, emulsion in water, the resin being suspended by the contained gum. Dose |ss-j._ Ammoniameter (am-o-ne-am' -et-er)[ammoma ; fikxpav, a measure] . An instrument for testing the strength of solutions of ammonia. Ammoniemia, or Ammonisemia (am-o-ne-e' -me-ah) [ammonia; di/;a, blood]. The theoretical decomposi- tion of urea in the blood, yielding ammonium car- bonate. ■ Ammoniorrhea (am-o-ne-or-e'-ah) [ammonia; jiuv, to flow]. The passage of ammoniacal urine. Ammonium (am-o' -ne-um) [from the name of Jupiter Ammon, because first discovered near his temple in Libya; gen., Ammonii]. A hypothetical alkaline base, having the composition NHj. Exists only in combination. It occurs most commonly in the form of ammonia gas, NH3, which, dissolved in water, is the water of ammonia of commerce. Inhalation of the gas causes suffocation and edema of glottis. The salts first stimulate and then paralyze the motor nerves. It is useful as a stimulant, as an antagonist in cardiac de- pression, and locally in bites and stings of venomous reptiles and insects. Ammonia Aqua, water of am- monia, a solution containing ten per cent, of the gas in water. Dose tt^^v-gss, well diluted. A. Aqua Fortior, contains 28 per cent, of the gas in solution. A. Aromatic Spt., spirit of ammonia, with am. carb. , am. aq. , ol. lemon, lavender and pimenta, alcohol and water. Dose .^^ss-ij. Ammonii acetas liq., Spirit of Mindererus, dilute acetic acid neutralized with ammonia. Dose ^j-^j- A. benzoas, NH^C^HjOj. Dose gr. v-xv. A. Bicarbonas. Dose gr. ij-x. A. bromid, NH^Br. Dose gr. x-3;ss. A. carbonas, NHJiCOa.NHjNHjCOj, a mixture of carbonate and dicarbonate. Dose gr. v-x. A. chlorid, NH^Cl, sal ammoniac. Dose gr. j-xx. A. chloridi trochisci, each lozenge contains gr. ij of the salt. A. fluorid, used in hypertrophy of the spleen. AMMON'S FISSURE. 69 AMPHIARTHROSIS Dose gr. jlj-J. A. glycyrrhizas. Unof. An ex- pectorant. A. iodidum, NH^I. Dose gr. ij-x. A. liniment, am. aq. 35, alcohol J, cottonseed oil 60. A. Molybdenate Test. See Tests, Table of. The following salts and their preparations are official ; A. nitras, NH4NO3, used only in preparing nitrous oxid. A. phosphas, (NH,)2HP04. Dose gr. v-xx. A. picras, CgH2(NH,)(N02)30, a salt in yellow needles, of bitter taste ; like other picrates it is explosive, and must be handled with care. It is antipyretic and anti- periodic, and tends to correct gastric disturbances. Dose gr. v in 24 hours ; best given in wafers, each containing half a grain. A. Spt., a ten per cent, solution of aqua ammonise in alcohol. Dose TTLx-gj, diluted. A. sulphas, {NH4)2S04, used only in the preparation of other ammonium salts. A. valeria- nas, NHjCjHgOj. Dose gr. j-v. RaspaU's Eau Sedatif (unof.), aqua ammonias Jij, sodium chlorid %\], spt. vini camph. giij, aq. §xxxij. For local use. Ammon's Fissure. See Fissure. A.'s Horn. See Hippocamp. A.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of. A.'s Posterior Scleral Protuberance, a variety of posterior ectasia of the sclera of the eye. Ammophilous {am-off'-il-us) l_a/j./j.og, sand; ^I'^of, loving]. In biology, inhabiting, sandy places. Ammotherapy {am-o-ther' -a-pe) [OiUjUOf, sand; Qspa- irevEiv, to heal]. The use of sand-baths in the treat- ment of disease. Amnemonic {am-ne-mon'-ik) [a. priv.; fivr/fiovCKbg, relating to the memory]. Accompanied by or result- ing in impairment of the memory. Amnemosyne {am-ne-mos'-en-e) [d priv.; iivejioavvr; , memory]. Forgetfulness. Amnesia [am-ne' -se-ah) [aiivrjaia, forgetfulness]. De- fect of memory. Loss of the memory for words. A. Acustica, word-deafness. A. Periodic. See Double Consciousness. Amnesic (am-ne' -sik). Relating to amnesia. Atnnestia (am-nes' -te-afi) [^a/ivriuTla, forgetfulness]. Amnesia. Amnestic [am-nes' -tik^ [aiimiaTia, forgetfulness]. I. Amnesic. 2. Causing amnestia. Amnia [am'-ne-ah) [afiviov, a young lamb]. Plural of Amnion, q. v. Amniac {am'-ne-afs) [hjiviov, a young lamb]. Am- nionic. Amnio-chorial (am-ne-o-ko' -re-at) [iifiviov ; x^P'^^t " membrane]. Pertaining to both amnion and chorion. Amnioclepsis {am-ne-o-klep' -sis') [^afiviov, amnion ; lAevrelv, to steal away]. The slow and unnoticed es- cape of the liquor amnii. Amnion [am'-ne-on) [afu/iov, a young lamb]. The in- nermost of the fetal membranes ; it is continuous with the fetal epidermis at the umbilicus, forming a complete sheath for the umbilical cord and a sac or bag in which the fetus is enclosed. It contains one or two pints of liquor amnii. It is a double non-vascular membrane, the inner layer or sac derived from the epiblast, the outer from the mesoblast. The cavity of the inner folds is called the true amnion, that of the outer, the false. A., Dropsy of, excessive secretion of liquor amnii. Amnionic (am-ne-en' -ik) [ajiviov, a young lamb]. Re- lating {o the amnion. Amniorrhea, {am-ne-o-re' -ah) [ajivioQ, amniotic liquor ; piuv, to ilow]. The discharge of the liquor amnii. Amniota (am-ne-o' -taK) [aiivlov, a young lamb]. Ani- mals with an amnion and allantois, comprising mam- mals, birds, and reptiles. Those without an amnion are called Anamnia. Amniotic (am-ne-ot'-ik) \aiiviov, a young lamb]. Re- lating to the amnion, as the A. Fluid. A. Fluid. Same as Liquor amnii. Amniotis (am-ne-o' -tis) [ajivlov, a young lamb]. See Amniotitis. Amniotitis (am-ne- o-ti'-tis) [hfiviov, a young lamb ; LTig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the anmion. Amniotome (am' -ne-o-tom) [a/xviov, a young lamb ; Td/^iri, a cut]. An instrument for puncturing the fetal membranes. Atnnitis [am-ni'-tis). Same as Amniotitis. Amceba (am-e'-bah). See Ameba. Amoeboid (am-e'-boid). See Ameboid. Amoebodont (am-e' -bo-dont). See Amebodont. Amoenomania [am-e-no-ma'-ne-ah). See Amenomania. Amomum (am-o' -muni) \_a/io>/j,ov, an Eastern spice plant]. A genus of scitaminaceous plants to which the cardamom [A. cardamomum) and Grains of Paradise (^A. granum paradisi) belong. Amorphia (ah-mor' -fe-ah) [a priv. ; fiopffi, form]. Shapeless condition. Araorphinism [ah-mor' -fn-izm) [a priv. ; Morpheus, the god of sleep]. The condition resulting from the withdrawal of morphine from one habituated to the drug. Amorphism [ah-mor' -fizm) [d priv. ; /J-op<^, a. form]. The state or quality of being amorphous or without shape ; specifically, absence of crystallization ; want of crystalline structure. Amorphous [ah-mor' -fus) [a priv. ; fiopf^, a form]. Formless, shapeless, non-crystallized. A. Quinin, quinoidin, its salts being non-crystalUzable. Amorphus [ah-mor' -fus) [a priv. ; fiop^, a form]. An acardiacus without head or extremities. See also Anideus. A. Globulus. See Anideus. Amotio [am-o' -she-o) [L.]. A detachment. A. Re- tinae. See Ablatio RetincB. Ampac [am'-pak) \^E. Indian"]. An East Indian rutaceous tree of the genus Xanthoxylum or Ampacus. Its leaves are used in medicating baths, and its odoriferous resin is a stimulant. Unof. Ampelopsin [am-pel-op/sin). Stt American Ivy. Ampelopsis [am-pel-op'-sis). See American Ivy. Ampelotherapy [am-pel-o-ther' -a-pe) [d/iTreAof , a" grape- vine; depaiTEveiv, to heal]. The Grape-cure, q. v. Amperage (om'-pdr-ahj) [Fr.]. The number of am- peres passing in a given circuit. Ampere [om-pdr') [a French physicist] . See Electrical Units. A.'s Lavtrs relate to the forces between con- ductors carrying electric currents. Avogadro' s law, that equal volumes of a gas when under the same conditions contain the same number of molecules, is also called Ampfire's Law. In honor of Ampere, the unit of measurement of an electric current is called an Ampire. Amperemeter [am' -par-me-ter) \Amptre; fihpov, to measure]. An instrument for estimating the current of an electric circuit in amperes. Ampere's Lavsr. See Law. Amphanthium [amf-an' -the-uni) [^a/ifl, about ; avdoc, a flower]. See Clinanthium. Amphemerina [am-fe-mer' -in-afi) \aij.^iiepi.v6q, daily]. A hectic or intermittent fever that recurs daily. Amphi- [am'-fe) \_b,ii^l, around]. A prefix signifying about, on both sides, around, etc, as amphiarthrosis, amphibia, etc. Amphiarthrosis (am-fe-ar-thro' -sis) l^afupi, around ; apdpov, a joint]. A form of mixed articulation in which the surfaces of the bones are connected by broad discs of fibro-cartilage, or else they are covered with fibro-cartilage and connected by external liga- ments. It is distinguished by limited flexion in every direction, as, e.g. , between the vertebrae. AMPHIASTER 70 AMPHORA amphiaster in an Ovarian Egg, Amphiaster (am' -fe-as-ter) [ciiupi, around; aar^p, a star]. In biology, the figure formed in both direct and indirect cell divi- sion, by the achromatin threads and chromatin granules united to form the so-called nuclear spin- dle, together with the threads of cell-protoplasm radiating from a rounded clear space at each end of the spindle known as the stars or suns. Amphibia (am-fib' -e-aK) \h.)i^'i, both; /?fcf, life]. A class of the Vertebrata, living during their life both in the water and upon the land, as the frog, newt, etc. Amphibious (am-fib' -e-us) [^afujii, both; ptoc, life]. Living both on land and water. Amphiblastic (am-fe-blas' -tik^ \hfu^i, on both sides ; pXaardc, a germ]. In biology, pertaining to that form of complete segmentation that gives rise to an amphiblastula. Amphiblastula (am- fe-blas' -tu-laK) \hfi- ft, on both sides; dim. of pXaards, a germ]. In biolo- gy, the mulbeiry- mass or morula- stage in the de- velopment of a holo- blastic egg. It fol- lows the stage knovm as amphi- morula. Amphiblestritis (am- fe-bles-tri' -tis) \a\i- {am-pleks-e-fo' -le-at ) [amplexus, em- bracing; folium, leaf]. In biology, plants, the leaves of which embrace the stem. Ampliation (am- ple-a'-shun) [ampliare, to increase]. Dilatation or distention of a part or cavity. Amplification (am-plif-ik-a' -shuri) [ampKficare, to en- largej. I. Increase of the visual area, in microscopy. 2. Enlargement, as of a diseased organ. Amplifier (am' -ple-fi-er) [amplificare, to enlarge]. An apparatus sometimes used in microscopy for increasing the magnification. It consists of a diverging lens or combination placed between the objective and the ocular, and giving to the image-forming rays from the objective an increased divergence. A., Tolles's, an accessory used in magnification and first made effective by a manufacturer named Tolles. Amplitude (am'-ple-tud) [amplitude, the extent of a thing]. The range or extent, as of vibrations and undulations, the pulse, etc. Ampulla (am-pml'-ah) [L. , A Roman wine jug]. The trumpet-mouthed or dilated extremity of a canal, as of the lachrymal canal, the receptaculum chyli, the Fallopian tubes, mammary ducts, semicircular canals, vas deferens, etc. Chemically, the term denotes a large-bellied bottle. A. of Bryant, the apparent distention of an artery immediately above a ligature, due to the contraction of the vessel above the ampulla where it is not completely filled with clot. A. Chyli, the receptaculum chyli. A., Lieberkiihn's, the cecal terminus of one of the lacteals in the villi of the intes- tines. A. of Rectum, the portion above the perineal flex- ure. A. of Vater, the site of entrance of the common bile-duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum. AmpuUula (am-pul' -u-lah) [dim. of ampulla, a Roman wine jug]. A small ampulla, as in the lymphatic or lacteal vessels. Amputation (am-pu-ta' -shun) [amputare, to cut away]. The removal of a limb or part of the body by the knife, ligature, or other means, or as a result of gan- grene, constriction (e.g., of the cord, in the fetus), or the disease, ainhum. For special amputations see Operations, Table of. A., Accidental, the separation of a limb by some form of accident. A., Bloodless, one in which there is but slight loss of blood, on ac- count of the circulation being controlled by mechanical means. A., Central, one in which the scar is situated at or near the center of the stump. A., Circular, that performed by making a single flap, by circulai sweeps of a long knife, through skin and muscles, in a direction vertical to the plane of the limb. A., Cir- cular Skin Flap, a modification of the circular, in which the skin flap is dissected up, and the muscles divided at a higher level. A., Coat-sleeve, a modi- fication of the circular, in which the cutaneous flap is made very long, the end being closed by being gath- ered together by means of a tape. A., Congenital, amputation of fetal portions due to constriction by amniotic bands of lymph. A. in the Contiguity, amputation at a joint. A. in the Continuity, ampu- tation of a limb elsewhere than at a joint. A., Con- secutive, an amputation during the period of suppura- tion or later. A., Cutaneous, one in which the-flaps are composed exclusively of the integuments. A., Diclastic, one in which the bone is broken with an osteoclast, and the soft tissues divided by means of an 6craseur. Its object is to avoid hemorrhage and puru- lent infection. A., Double Flap, one in which two flaps are formed from the soft tissues. A., Dry. See A., Bloodless. A., Bccentric, one in which the scar is situated away from the center of the stump. A., Elliptical, one that may be performed by a single sweep, as in the circular method ; the wound, however, having an elliptical outline, on account of the oblique direction of the incision. A. of Expediency, one performed for cosmetic effect. A., Flap, one in which one or more flaps are made from the soft tissues, the division being made obliquely. A., Flapless, one in which, on account of destruction of the soft parts, flaps cannot be formed, the wound healing by granu- lation. A., Galvano-caustic, one in which the soft parts are divided with the galvano-cautery, followed by division of the bone by the saw. A., Immediate, one done within twelve hours after the injury, during the period of shock. A., Intermediary or Inter- mediate, one performed during the period of reaction, and before suppuration. A., Intrauterine. See A. , Congenital. A., Major, amputation of the extremi- ties above the wrist or ankle joints. A., Mediate. See A., Intermediary. A., Minor, amputation of the extremities below the wrist or ankle joints. A., Mixed, a combination of the circular and flap methods. A., Multiple, amputation of two or more members at the same time. A., Musculo-cutaneous, one in which the flaps consist of skin and muscle. A., Mus- culo- tegumentary. See A., Musculo-cutaneous. A., Natural. See A., Congenital. A., Oblique. See^., Oval. A., Osteoplastic, one in which there is section and apposition of portions of bone, in addi- tion to the amputation. A., Oval, a modification of the elliptical, in which the incision consists of two reversed spirals, instead of the one oblique. A., Par- tial, I. One in which but a portion of the extremity is removed. 2. An incomplete congenital amputation. A., Pathological, one done for tumor or other diseased condition. A., Primary, one done after the period of shock and before the occurrence of inflammation. A., Racket, a variety of the oval amputation, in which there is a single longitudinal incision continuous below with a spiral incision on either side of the limb. A., Secondary, one performed during the period of sup- AMPUTATURA 72 AMYLOGENIC puration. A., Spontaneous. See A., Congenital. Also occurs in the disease, ainhum. A., Subperios- teal, one in the continuity, the cut end of the bone being covered by periosteal flaps. A., Surgical, a. formal amputation in contradistinction to accidental or congenital A. A., Synchronous. See A., Multiple. A. by Transfixion, one done by thrusting a long knife completely through a limb, and cutting the flaps from within out. A., Traumatic, one performed on account of injury. Amputatura (am-pu-tat-u' -raK) [L. ; //., Amputaturt2\ An amputation ; loss of a member. Amuck [a-muk') [Malay]. In a state of murderous frenzy ; in Oriental regions persons, mostly hashish eaters, often attack and kill those whom they meet while in a state of wild fury. In some cases the infuri- ated persons take this method of seeking death, for they are shot down at sight. Amusia (ah-mu' -se-aH) [a priv. ; ?nusa, jiovaa, muse]. Pathological loss or subnormal ability to produce or comprehend music or musical sounds, an abnormality as regards music analogous to aphasia as regards the faculty of speech. Motor A., the music is understood, but there is loss of the power of singing or of other- wise' reproducing music. Paramusia, faulty and im- perfect reproduction of music. Sensory A., musical deafness, or the loss of the power of comprehension of musical sounds. See also Alexia, Mtisical; Agraphia, Musical ; and Amimia, Musical. Amussat's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Amyelencephalia [ah-mi-el-en-sef-a' -le-ah) [a priv. ; jivsAdv, maiTow ; KEfaXii, the head]. Congenital ab- sence of both brain and spinal cord. Amyelencephalus [ah-mi-el-en-sef'-al-us) [a priv. ; tivi'kliv, marrow ; mt^oKif, the head]. A fetal monster having neither brain nor spinal cord. Amyelia [ah-mi-e' -le-ah) [a priv.; /ivcMq, marrow]. The congenital absence of the spinal cord. Amyelinic [ah-mi-el-in' -ik) [d priv. ; /iveXSg, marrow]. Having no myelin; applied to certain nerve fibers, especially those seen in neuromata. Amyelonervia {ah-vii-el-o-ner' -ve-ah). ?>ee Amyeloneu- ria. Amyeloneuria {ah-mi-el-o-nu'-re-ah) [d priv. ; /iveldq, marrow; wipoi', anerve]. Paresis of the spinal cord. Amyelotrophy {ah-mi-el~ot^ -ro-fe) [d priv. ; fj,ve\6^, marrow ; Tpoipfi, nourishment] . Atrophy of the spinal cord. Amyelus [ah-mi' -el-us) [d priv. ; fiveUg, marrow]. A fetal monstrosity with partial or complete absence of the spinal cord. Amyencephalus [ah-mi-en-sef'-al-us). ?>ee Amyelen- cephalus, Amygdala (am-ig' -dal-ah) [L. : gen., Amygdahi\. I. Almond. The seeds of Prunus Amygdalus, var. aiiiara and dulcis, containing the principle Kviulsin or Synaptase. The former contains Ainygdalin. The expressed oil of the sweet almond is a demulcent use- ful in skin-affections; in doses of .^j-ij it is a mild laxative. The oil of ^4. a?«ar« is used in cosmetics. 2. The tonsil. A. amarse, Aq., a I . looo solution of the oil in water Dose indefinite. A. amarae, Ol., a volatile oil, bitter to the taste. Contains 3-14 per cent, of hydrocyanic acid. Dose y\,%-). A. amarse, Spt., oil of bitter almond I, alcohol 80, dis- tilled water q. s. A., Emulsum, oil of sweet almonds 6 per cent., sugar, water, and acacia q. s. Dose ^j- i, ss. A. expressum, Ol., oil of sweet almonds. A., Pulv., Comp. (B. P.), contains sweet almonds, re- fined sugar, and gum acacia. Used to make ./. , Emul- sum. A., Syr., sweet almond 14, bitter almond 4, sugar 20, orange-flower water 10, water 13, syrup q. s. Amygdalae [am-ig' -dal-e) [L.,//.]. The tonsils. Amygdalin iam-ig'-dal-iri) \Amygdala'\, C.;(,H2,N0,i- + 3HjO. A substance that occurs in bitter almonds, and in various plants, as well as in the leaves of the cherry laurel. It forms white, shining leaflets, of a bitter taste, readily soluble in water and hot alcohol. Amygdaline {am-ig' -dal-in) \_afivy&likr] , almond]. I. Almond-like. 2. The fissure ectad of, or collocated with the amygdaloid tubercle. See Fissure, Amygdalitis {am-ig-dal-i' -tis) \_apyy&akr}, almond ; itl^, inflammation]. Tonsillitis. Amygdaloid [am-ig ' -dal-oid) [ajivyS/iXi) , almond ; elSo^, form]. Like a tonsil, or almond. A. Fossa, the depression for the lodgment of the tonsil. A. Tu- bercle, a projection of gray or cortical matter at the end of the descending cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain. It is attached to the temporal lobe, and appears to be nearly isolated by white substance. Amygdalolith [ain-ig-dal' -o-lith) [ hfivySakri, an al- mond ; XidoQ, a stone] . A concretion or calculus found in the tonsils. Amygdaloncus (am-ig-dal-ong' -kus) \_a.fivySakri , al- mond ; dyKog, a mass]. Any tumor or swelhng of the tonsil. Amygdalopathy (am-ig-dal-op' -a-the) [aiivydaXri, an almond ; iriOog, a disease] . Any disease of the ton- sils. Amygdalotome (am-ig' -dal-o-tdni) \_aiixiySa.\if , an al- mond; rijivuv, to cut]. An instrument used incut- ting the tonsils. Amygdalotomy {am-ig-dal-ot' -o-me) [d/zvyddAT?, a ton- sil; ri/.i.vsii', to cut]. Tonsillotomy; partial or com- plete abscission of a tonsil. Amykos [ah-mi' -kos) [d priv. ; ixvKog, a fungus]. An antiseptic fluid composed of boric acid, glycerin and infusion of cloves. Of reputed service in gonorrhea, dental caries, and catarrhs. Unof. Amyl [am'-W) \(nivXoi>, fine starch]. The hypothetical radical CjHjj of amyl alcohol, the fifth term of the series of alcohol radicals, CoH^^^-f. A. Alcohol. See Amylic Alcohol. A. Hydrate. See Amylic Alcohol, A. Nitrite, nitrite of amyl, CsH^NO,, a clear, yellowish liquid, ethereal, aromatic, volatile ; pro- duces vascular dilatation and great cardiac activity, and hence is useful in angina pectoris, respiratory neu- roses, etc. Dose, internally, n\^ ^-j dissolved in alco- hol ; by inhalation, tt^, ij-v. A. Valerianate. See Apple Oil Amylaceous [am-il-a' -se-us) \_amylum, starch].- Con- taining starch ; starch-like. See Corpora amylacea. Amylene [am'-il-ln) [liiivXm, starch], CjHjj. A transparent, liquid hydrocarbon, having anesthetic properties, but dangerous to use. See Anesthetic. A. Hydrate, CjHjjO, a tertiary alcohol having hypnotic effects, and antagonistic to strychnin. Dose tr^ xxx- gj. Unof Amylic [am-il'-ik) [afivAov, starch]. Pertaining to Amyl. A. Alcohol, Fusel Oil, Potato Starch Alco- hol, Amyl Hydrate. An alcohol having the compo- sition CjHjjO, occurring in the continued distillation of fermented grain. The pme substance has consid- erable value as a hypnotic. In large doses it sup- presses tactile sensibility and produces motor paraly- sis. It is employed with advantage in mental disorders. It was formerly much used to adulterate whisky. Dose tn, 15-75. Unof. Amylo-dextrin [am-il-o-deks'-trin). Same as Ery- thro-dexlrin. See Soluble Starch. ATnylogen[am-il'-o-;eii) [d/iiiXov, starch; yev^s, pro- duce]. Soluble starch. Amylogenic [am-il-o-jen'-ik) {JumXnv, starch; yevijc,. produce]. Starch-producing. AMYLOID 73 ANACROASIA Amyloid [am' -il-oid) [d/ii;Aov, starch; eMof, form]. Starch-like. A. Bodies, pathological products re- sembling starch grains found in the membranes of the brain and other nervous tissues, the prostate, etc. A. Degeneration, waxy, fatty, or lardaceous degenera- tion ; a disease occurring in most of the organs of the body, and indicative of impaired nutritive function. It is a nitrogenous, not starchy body, of uncertain compo- sition. For staining see lodin, Methyl Violet, Safra- nin, Rose Bengale, in Table of Stains. A. Kidney. See Bright' s Disease. Amylolysis (am-il-ol' -is-is) \hfii>kov, starch ; "khai^, solution]. The digestion of starch, or its conversion into sugar. Amylolytic [am-il-o-lit' -ik) [hfivkov, starch; Maig, so- lution]. Pertaining to or effecting the digestion of starch. Pertaining to ferments, like the saliva and pancreatic juice, that convert starch into sugar. Amylometer (am-il-om' -et-er) [ajivXcfv, starch ; uirpov, a measure]. An apparatus for estimating the amount of starch in a solution. Amyloplast (am' -il-o-plast) \ajiv')M\>, starch; -kXIwouv, to form]. Aleucoplast; a starch-forming protoplasmic granule. Amylopsin (ani-il-op' -sin) \a,jiv)\,ov, starch ; ii/zif, ap- pearance]. A ferment said to exist in pancreatin. See Ferments. Amylose (am'-il-os) [a/j.v/i.ov, starch]. Any one of a certain group of the carbohydrates, comprising starch, glycogen, dextrin, inulin, gum, cellulose, and tunicin. Amylum [am'-il-um) [L. , gen. Ainyli'\, CgHj^Oj. Starch. The internal cells of Triticum vulgaris, common wheat, all other cereals, and many tubers, piths, and roots, such as potato, cassava, etc.; it con- stitutes nearly the whole of arrow-root, tapioca, and sago. It is converted into glucose by boiling with mineral acids. It is one of the most valuable nutrients known, but inert medicinally. A. glyceritum, a jelly for external application. Starch lo, water lo, glycerin 80. A., Mucilago (B. P.), used in making enemata. A. iodatum, contains starch 95, iodin 5 per cent., triturated with distilled water and dried. Dose 3 j- f, ss. See Table of Carbohydrates under Carbohydrate. Amyocardia [am-i-o-kar'-de-aK) [a priv. ; fiv^, muscle ; Kopdia, the heart]. Lack of muscular power in the heart's contractions. • Amyosthenia (am-i-o-sthe'-ne-ah) [d priv. ; /iv;, mus- cle; cBivog, force]. Deficient muscular power with- out obvious disease or lesion. Amyosthenic {am-i-o-sthen' -ik) [a priv. ; fivg, muscle ; aSkvog, force]. Pertaining to amyosthenia. Also, a medicine or agent depressing muscular action. Amyotrophia [am-i-o-tro' -fe-ali) [d priv. ; fivg, muscle ; Tpofi), nourishment]. Atrophy of a muscle. Amyotrophic [am-i-o-trof'-ih) [d priv. ; ij.vg, muscle ; Tpo^, nourishment]. Dependent on or relating to muscular atrophy. A. Paralysis, that which is due to muscular atrophy. Amyotrophy {am-i-of-rofe). See Amyotrophia. Amyous (am'-i-us'\ [d priv.; jxvg, muscle]. Weak; deficient in muscle or muscular strength. Amyrin {am'-e-rin) [amyris"], C^jHg^O. A resinous principle derived from Mexican Elemi. Amyris ele- m.ifera, L. Amyris (am'-e-ris) [L.]. A genus of tropical trees and shrubs producing fragrant resins and gums, such as Elemi, etc. Amyxia [ah-miks' -e-ah) [d priv. ; p-v^a, mucous]. De- ficiency in the normal secretion of mucus. Ana {an'-ah) [dvd, so much each]. A Greek preposi- tion signifying through, up, again, etc. In prescrip- tions contracted to aa, meaning of each. Anabamous (an-ab' -am-us) \_ava, upward; ^dveiv, to go]. In biology, climbing, as certain fishes (Ana- das scandens). Anabasis (an-ai'-as-is) [^avail3alveiv, to go up]. The increasing stfage of a fever or other acute disease ; the stage preceding the climax. Anabatic (an-ab-af -ik) \_ava^aTLK6g, ascending]. In^ creasing ; growing more intense ; as the anabatic stage of a fever. Anabiosis {an-ab-i-o' -sis) lava^ibEiv, to come to life again] . The phenomenon of a restoration of vitality possessed by certain organisms after apparent' death, or even after heating to 140° C. Anabiotic (an-ab-i-of -ik) \ava^i6uv, to come to life again]. I. Relating to anabiosis. 2, Restoring the strength or activity. Anabole [an-ab' -o-le) [avaPaTiXeiv , to throw up]. A throwing up ; what is thrown up ; vomit ; vomiting ; expectoration ; regurgitation. Anabolergy [an-ab-ol' -er-je) [ava^aXAtiv, to throw up ; epyov, work]. The force expended or work per- formed in anabolism, or in anabolic processes. Anabolic [an-ab-ol' -ih) [avafiaAkuv, to throw or build up]. Pertaining to or characterized by anabolism. Anabolin [an-ab' -o-lin) [avaji6M,eiv , to throw or build up]. Any substance formed during the anabolic process. Anabolism [an-ab' -o-lizm) [avajiak'keiv, to throw or build up]. Synthetic or constructive metabolism. Activity and repair of function. Opposed to Cata- bolism. The process by which simpler elements are built up into more complex. See Metabolism. ■ Anabrosis [an-ab-ro' -sis) [avd^pacig, an eating up]. Corrosion, or superficial ulceration. Anabrotic [an-ab-rof -ik) [ava^puaig, an eating up]. Pertaining to anabrosis ; corrosive. Anacamptic [an-ak-amp'-tik) [hvaK&uTrTuv , to bend back]. Reflected, as sound or light ; pertaining to or causing a reflection. Anacanthous [an-ak-an' -thus) \hvdKavQog, spineless]. Without spines. Anacardium (an-ak-ar' -ds-um) [dvd, up; KapSla, the heart, from its heart-shaped seeds]. I. A genus of tropical trees. A. occidentale yields cashew gum and the cashew nut. 2. The oil of the pericarp of the cashew nut, known as cardol, and used as an escharotic. Of reputed value in leprosy. A. Tinct., I to 10 of rectified spirit. Dose, tr^ij-x. A. Ung., one part of the tar to eight of lard or vaselin. Used as a blistering ointment. Anacatadidymous [an-ak-ai-ad-id' -im-us) \hvd, up ; Kara, down; diSv/wg, a twin]. Divided above and below, but jointed centrally into one ; said of certain twin monsters. Anacatadidymus [an-ak-at-ad-id' -im-us) [dvd, up; Kara, down; and S'l&vjwg, a twin]. An anacatadidy- mous monstrosity. Anacatharsis [an-ak-ath-ar' -sis) [^ava, up ; Kaffapaig, purgation]. Expectoration ; vomiting. Anacathartic [an-ak-ath-ar' -tik) \a.vd, up; ndffapaig, purgation]. Causing anacatharsis. Anaclasis [an-ak' -las-is) \avdKXaaig, a breaking off, or back]. I. Reflection or refraction of light or sound. 2. A fracture ; forcible flexion of a stiff joint. Anaclastic [an-ak-las'-tik) [dvdiAaaLg, a breaking off, or back]. Pertaining to refraction, or to anaclasis. Kn&zWsHs [an-ak' -lis-is) [dvd/c/ljcrtf, a reclining]. Decu- bitus ; the reclining attitude. Anacroasia [an-ak-ro-a' -ze-ah) [av priv. ; dxpdaacg, hear- ing]. Inability to understand words that are heard, while the same words if read by the patient are under- stood. ANACROTIC 74 ANALOGUE Anacrotic Radial Pulse- tracings. a, a, the anacrotic parts. Anacrotic (an-ak-rof -Hi) \_av priv. ; a/cpiioiTif, hearing]. Relating to or characterized by anacrotism. /Vnacrotistn (an-ak' -ro-tizni) \avaiipmktw , to lift up and strike together]. A • peculiarity of the pulse-curve, when a series of closely-placed elastic vibrations occur in the upper part of the line of ascent, so that the apex appears den- tate and forms an angle with the line of de- scent. It is constant in the venous pulse ; is found in the arterial pulse when the systole of the left ventricle continues until the walls of the arteries begin to oscillate during the diastole. It occurs in hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricle (aortic insufficiency). Anacusia {an-ak-u^ -se-aJi) \av priv, ; aicoi'etVf to hear]. Complete deafness ; abolition of the sense of hearing. Anadsma. {an-ad-e'-ne-a/i)[^avpnv.; arf^v, gland]. In- sufficiency of glandular function. Chronic want of gastric secretion. Anadicrotic (an-ah-di-krof -ik") [^avd, upward; (5/f, twice; Kpdrog, a stroke]. Characterized by anadi- crotism. Anadicrotism {an-ah-di^ -krot-izin) \jxva, upward ; rf/f, twice ; KpdroQ, a stroke]. Dicrotism of the pulse- wave occurring in the upward stroke. Anadidymous {an-ad-id^ -ini-us) \kva, up ; 6l6vfujg, a twin]. Cleft upward into two, while single below — said of certain joined twins. Anadidymus {an-ad-id^ -im-us) \ava, up ; 6i6vfio<;, a twin]. An anadidymous monster. Anadiplosis (an-ah-dip-lo' -sis) [avd, up, back; imUuv, to double] . The reduplication or redoubling of a fever- paroxysm. Anadiplotic (an-ah-dip-lot' -iK) [ai^ii, up; SmUtiv,\.o double]. Characterized by anadiplosis. Anadipsia (an-ah-dif -se-ah) \ava, intensive ; S'v\^a, thirst]. Intense thirst. Anadipsic (an-ah-dip' -sili) \hva., intensive; d(^a, thirst]. Causing or relating to great thirst. Anadosis (an-ad' -o-sis) \_ava&oni^, distributing]. Vomit- ing ; upward determination of blood. Anadrotn (an-ad'-rom) [avii, up; dpa/jeWjto run]. In biology, a fish that ascends rivers to spawn. Anadromous (an-ad' -ro-mus) \hvaSponoq, running up]. Ascending ; moving upward. Said of pains, etc. Anxmatopoiesis (an-e-mat-o-poi-e' -sis). See Ane- amatopoiesis. Ansematosis [an-e-mat-o'-sis). See Anematosis. Anaemia (an-e'-me-ak). See Anemia. Ansemotrophy {an-e-mot'-ro-fe). See Anemotrophy. Anaerobia (an-a-er-o' -be-ah) \av priv. ; d^p, air ; ^I'of, life]. MicroSrganisms having the power of living without either air or free oxygen. A. , Facultative, ap- plied to organisms normally or usually living in the presence of oxygen, but under certain circumstances becoming anaerobic. Anaerobic {an-a-e-ro'-biK)\hvy!Vi. ; hijp, air; /3(0f, life], A term used of microorganisms, that live in the ab- sence of free oxygen or air. See Aerobic. Anaerobiosis (an-a-er-o-bi-o' -sis) \hv priv. ; d^p, air ; ^'mq, life]. Life sustained in the absence of free oxy- gen ; the power of living where there is no free oxygen. Anaerobiotic (an-a-er-o-bi-ot' -ik). Same as Anaerobi- ous. Anaerobious (an-a-e-ro' -be-us') \h.v priv.; d^p, air; ^ii , a writing out]. A physician's prescription or recipe. Anagyrin (an-aj-i' -rin) \_Anagyris, from avi,, back- ward; yvpog, a circle], Cj^HjjNjOj. An alkaloid from the seeds of Anagyris fostida, L. , a leguminous shrub of Southern Europe. Its hydrochlorate is poi- sonous, slowing the respiration, and interfering with the heart's action. Unof. Anakroasia (an-ak-ro-a' -ze-aK). See Anacroasia. Anakusis [an-ak-u'-sis). See Anacusia. Anal (a'-nal) \anus, the fundament]. Pertaining to the anus. Analepsia (an-al-ep'-se-aK). S>ee Analepsis. Analepsis (an-al-ep' -sis) [av&'kTjTpii, a taking up. ] Re- covery of strength after disease. Analepsy (cm'-al-ep-se). See Analepsis. Analeptic [an-al-ep ' -tik) [diiaAiyTm/ciif, restorative]. I. Restorative. 2. Any agent restoring strength after ill- ness, as nourishing foods and tonics. Analgen (an-al'-jen) [dv priv. ; d/lyof, pain], CjuHj^- N2O4. A white, tasteless, crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water, soluble with difftculty in cold alcohol, but more readily in hot alcohol and dilute acids.' It melts at 406.4° F. It is employed as an analgesic, antineuralgic, and antipyretic, in doses of from seven and »half to thirty grains. Unof. Analgesia (nn-al-Je'-ze-ah) [dv priv. ; akyog, pain]. Insensibility to or absence of pain. Analgesic [an-al-je'-sik) \hv priv. ; aXyog, pain]. I. Anodyne; relieving pain. 2. Affected with analgesia. 3. A remedy that relieves pain either by depressant action on the nerve centers or by impairing the con- ductivity of nerve fibers. Analgesin [an-al-je'-sin). See Antipyrin. Analgia {an-al' -je-ah) \av priv. ; iikyog, pain]. Paral- ysis of the sense of pain ; absence of pain. Analgic (a«-o/'-y;/5) [av priv. ; dA)'of,pain]. Analgesic. Analogism (an-cil' -o-jism) \avaXoyia)iig, reasoning ; di^d, through; X/tyoq, ratio]. Diagnosis by analogy or by reasoning. Analogous (a«-poSin^, Venus]. Absence or impairment of sexual appetite. Anaphrodisiac (an-af-ro-diz' -e-ak) [wpriv.; 'A^poSirij, Venus]. I. Relating to, affected by, or causing anaphrodisia. .i. An agent that allays the sexual desire. Anaphroditic (an-af-ro-dif -ik) [dv priv. ; Amig, an offshoot]. An accessory process of a lumbar or posterior dorsal vertebra, corresponding to the inferior tubercle of the transverse process of a typical dorsal vertebra. Anarcotin (ah-nar' -ko-tin) [a priv. ; vapKUTiKdg, nar- cotic]. Narcotin, so called from its lack of narcotic power. Anargyrus {an-ar'-jir-us) \hv priv. ; apyvpog, silver : //. , Anargyri']. An old name for a practitioner who treated the sick gratuitously. Anarrhea, or Anarrhoea (a«-a?--^'-a^) [md, up; l>oia, flow]. Afflux to an upper part, as of blood to the head. Anarrhexis {an-ar-eks' -is) \av(i^ up; /57f if, fracture]. Surgical refracture of a bone. Anarthria {an-ar' -thre~ah) \av priv. ; apdpov^ articula- tion]. I. Partial aphasia from partial destruction of the paths of the motor tracts of speech, and characterized by defective articulation. 2. Without joints. Anarthrous ian-ar' -thrus) [av priv. ; apBpuv, a joint]. Jointless. So corpulent that no joints are visible. Anasarca {an-ah-sar' -kah) [dvd, through; oap^, the flesh]. An accumulation of serum in the areolar tis- sues of the body. If associated with effusion of fluid into serous cavities it is called general dropsy. If the affection is local, it is called edema. This local form is generally the result of some mechanical obstruction to the flow of blood in the part. Anasarcous (an-ah-sar' -kus) [ava, through ; a&p^, the flesh]. Affected with anasarca. Anaspadias [an-as-pa' -de-as) [ava, up ; mrdeiv, to draw]. An urethral opening upon the upper surface of the penis. Anastaltic (an-as-tal'-tik) [avaxnakrudiq , checking, putting back, or up ; ffT^A^len', to send]. I. Strongly astringent. 2. Centripetal ; afferent ; used of nerve- currents. Anastasis [an-as' -tas-is) [avAcTaaig, a setting up]. Re- covery ; convalescence ; a state of improving health, vigor, or development. Anastate {an'-as-idt) [avdcTaTOQ, caused to rise]. Any substance that appears in or is characteristic of an anabolic process. Anastatic (an-as-lat'-ili) [hvdcTaTOQ , caused to rise]. Tending to recovery ; restorative. Anastole {an-as'- to- le) [hvaaTokii , retracted]. Retrac- tion ; shrinking away, as of the lips of a wound. Anastom [an' -as-toni) \hva, above; ardfia, mouth]. Any mouthless organism ; specifically, a member of the genus Anastoma, among the Gasteropods or Orthop- tera, or Anactomus among the SalmonidjE. Anastomosis (an-as-to-mo' -sis) \hvaaT0fi6uv , to bring to a mouth]. The intercommunication of vessels. Anastomotic arteries of the thigh, etc., branches of the brachial, femoral, etc., whereby the collateral circula- tion is established after ligature for aneurysm, etc. The term has been inaccurately used of the junction of the nerve-filaments. A., Crucial, an arterial an- astomosis in the upper part of the thigh, formed by the anastomotic branch of the sciatic, the first perforating, the internal circumflex, and the transverse branch of the external circumflex. A., Intestinal, an opera- tion consi.5ting in establishing a communication be- tween the intestine above and that below the obstruc- tion, in cases of intestinal obstruction. In this way the impermeable portion of the bowel is excluded from the fecal circulation. Anastomotic (an-as-to-mof -ik) \avaaroji6uv , to bring to a mouth]. Pertaining to anastomosis. Anatherapeusis (an-ath-er-ap-u' -sis) \ava, forward; SBpanevaig, medical treatment]. Treatment by in- creasing doses. Anathrepsis (an-ath-rep' -sis) lavd0pe'\pii, a fresh growth]. A renewal of lost flesh after recovery. Anathreptic (an-ath-rep' -tik) Idv&dpetpig, sl fresh growth]. Restorative of lost flesh ; nutritive. Anatomical (an-at-om' -ii-al) [dvaTOfiia, anatomy]. Pertaining to anatomy. A. Tubercle. See Ver- ruca necrogenica. Anatomism (an-af -om-iini) [avaro/ila, anatomy]. The theory that anatomical conditions determine all the phenomena of life, health, and disease. Anatomist (an-at' -om-ist) [dvarufiia, anatomy]. One who is expert in anatomy. A.'s Snuff-box, the tri- angular space between the tendons of the extensor of the metacarpal bone of the thumb and the extensor of the first phalanx on the back of the hand. Anatomy (an-at'-o-me) [avd, up, apart ; r^/zvew, to cut]. The dissection of organic bodies in order to study their structure, the situations and uses of their organs, etc. A., Applied, anatomy as concerned in the diagnosis and management of pathological conditions. A., Compar- ative, the investigation and comparison of the anatomy of different orders of animals or of plants, one with an- other. A., Descriptive, a study of the separate and individual portions of the body, apart from their rela- tionship to surrounding parts. A., Gross, anatomy of the macroscopic tissues. A., Homological, the study of the coirelations of the several parts of the body. A., Minute, that studied under the micro- scope. A., Morbid or Pathological, a study of diseased structures. A., Physiognomical, the study of expressions depicted upon the exterior of the body, especially upon the face. A., Regional, a study of limited parts or regions of the body, the divisions of which are collectively or peculiarly affected by disease, injury, operations, etc. A., Surgical, the application of anatomy to surgery. A., Topographical, the anatomy of a single portion or part of the body. A., Transcendental, the study of the general design of the body, and of the particular design of the organs. A., Veterinary, the anatomy of domestic animals. Anatripsis (an-at-rip' -sis) [dvarpiTpi^ , a rubbing]. Rub- bing ; the removal of a part or growth by scraping or rubbing; inunction. Also an upward or centripetal movement in massage. Anatripsology [an-at-rip-sol'-o-je) [av&Tpiiptg , a rub- bing; ?.(i70f, science]. The science of friction as a remedial agent. Anatriptic (an-at-rip' -tiJi) [awrpii/'if, si rubbing], A medicine to be applied by rubbing. Anatropal [an-af -ro-pal) [dvarptTreiv, to turn upside down], See Anatropous. Anatropous [an-af -ro-pus) [dvd, up; rp^Trew, to turn]. In biology, inverted. Applied to the ovule when com- pletely inverted, so that the hilum and micropyle are brought close together. Kr).3.\xd.\3. [an-aw' -de-ah) [dv priv.; aitS;^ , voice] . Loss of voice ; dumbness ; inability to articulate. KT\a.Ttori.\3L [an-aks-o' -ne-ah) [d7'priv.; dfuv.axle, axis]. In biology, organic forms wholly irregular or varying, and without axes, Anazoturia [an-ae-ot-u' -re-ah) [dvpriv. ; azotum, nitro- gen; oipov, urine], A name applied to that form of chronic diuresis in which urea is deficient or absent from the urine. ANBURY 77 ANDROPOGON Anbury {an'-ier-e) [E. dialect]. A soft tumor or pendulous wart, chiefly on horses and cattle. Ancecerite {an-se' -ser-it) [hyiaj, bent; icipag, a horn]. In biology, a curved process attached to the peduncle of the second pair of antennae in certain Crustacea. Ancestral germ-plasms. Weismann's ' " Ahnenplas- men." See Id. Anchieta {an-che-a' -tah) [Anchietea, a Brazilian botan- ist]. A genus of violaceous plants. A. salutaris, vegetable mercury. The root of a violaceous plant growing in Brazil, highly recommended as a purga- tive, and as an alterative in syphilitic affections ; it is possibly identical with Manaca, q. v. Anchilops {ang'-kil-ops). See Anchylops. Anchorage [ang'-kor-Sj) [M. E., ankren, an anchor]. The fixation of a floating or displaced viscus, whether by a natural process or by surgical means. Anchusa (ang-ku' -saK) \a,x<^<^o,, alkanet]. A genus of boraginaceous herbs. See Alkanet. Anchusin (ang'-ku-sin) [a;i;ojj(ra, alkanet], CgjH^Og. The red coloring matter characteristic of alkanet-root. See Alkanet. Anchyloglossia {ang-kil-o-glos^-e-a/i). See Tongue-tie. Anchylops {ang' -kil-ops) [ayxh near; i>ip, the eye]. Abscess at inner angle of eye, prior to rupture. Anchylosis {ang-kil-o'-sis). See Ankylosis. Anchylostomiasis {ang-kil-o-sto-mi' -as-is). 'S}eeDoch- miasis. Anchylostomum {ang- kil-os' -to-mum) \hyiii)Xog, crook- ed; (TT(i|Ua, mouth]. A genus of slender nematoid worms inhabiting the human intestines. Dochmius [Anchylostoma) duodenalis. Leuck. See Parasites, Animal, Table of. Ancipital (an-sip' -it-aV) [anceps, double]. In biology, two-edged. Ancome {an'-kum) [E. dialect]. An inflammation or swelling that comes on suddenly. Ancon (ang'-kon) [ayKuv, the elbow]. Originally the olecranon process ; applied to the elbow generally. Anconad {ang'-ko-nad) [ayicin>, the elbow]. Toward the olecranon, or elbow. Anconagra {ang-kon-a' -graK) \hyKiiv, the elbow ; aypa, a seizure]. Arthritic pain at the elbow. Anconal {ang' -kon-al) [ayidiv, the elbow]. Pertain- ing to the elbow. Anconeal -{ang-ko'-ne-al). Same as Anconal. Anconen {ang'^kon-eri) \ayisin>, the elbow]. Belonging to the ancon in itself Anconeus {ang-ko-ne'-us) [aynirv, the elbow]. A small muscle, an extensor of the fotearm, inserted into the olecranon and upper third of the forearm. It arises from the external condyle of the humerus. See Muscles, Table of. Anconoid {ang'-kon-oid) [ayK&v, the elbow]. Re- sembling the elbow. Ancora {ang' -ko-raK) [L., an anchor]. In biology, an anchor-shaped Synapta spicule. Ancyloblepharon {an-sil-o-blef -ar-ori). See Ankylo- blepharon. Ancyloglossum {an-sil-o-glos'-um). See Tongue-tie. Ancylomele {an-sil-o-me'-le). See Ankylomele. Ancyroid (an'-sir-oid) [ayKupa, anchor; elSog, form]. Shaped like an anchor. Andersch's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of. Anderson's Antipruritic Powder. A powder used in eczema. It consists of powdered starch, g vj ; oxid of zinc, g iss ; powdered camphor, 3 ss. Anderson's {McCall) Ointment. An ointment consist- ing of powdered bismuth oxid gj, oleic acid f|j, white wax giij, vaselin gix. These are heated together and when nearly cool a little oil of rose is added. It is an excellent soothing ointment for the skin. Anderson's Pill. The compound gamboge pill. Andira {an-di'-raK) [L.]. A genus of tropical legumi- nous trees. A. araroba, affords the Goa Powder (see Araroba). Several species yield active medicines, chiefly of local repute. A. inermis (Cabbage-tree). A. anthelmintica, of Brazil, and A. retusa, of Guiana, have barks efficacious against worms. Andranatomy {an-dran-af -o-me) \avfip, a man ; avajofda, anatomy]. Human anatomy ; the anatomy or dissection of the male human subject. Andrecium, or Androecium {an-dre' -se-uni) \hvfip, a man; oj/cof, a house]. In biology, a term applied to the stamens as a whole. Androclinium {an-dro-klin'-e-um). See Clinandrium. Andro-diecious {an-dro-di-e' -she-us) [av^p, male ; (Ji'f, two; okof, a house]. In biology, flowers stami- nate on one plant, perfect on another. Androgalactozemia [an-dro-gal-ak-to-ze' -me-ah) [Imjp, man; yoAa, milk; f^/ito, loss]. The presence of milk in the male mammae. Androgonidium {an-dro-gon-id' -e-um). See Andro- spore. Androgyna {an-droj' -in-ah) [aviip, man ; ymij, woman]. An hermaphrodite ; a female in whom the genital organs are similar to those of the male. Androgyneity {an-droj-in-e' -it-e) \_avrip, man; ymii, woman]. Hermaphroditism. Androgynism {an-droj' -in-izm) [hvfip, man ; ymr/, woman] . Hermaphroditism. Androgynous {an-droj' -in-us") \aviip, man; yvv^, woman]. Hermaphrodite. In biology, having male and female flowers in the same inflorescence. Androgynus {an-droj' -in-us) [avr/p, man; ywr/, woman]. An hermaphrodite. A male with genital organs similar to those of the female. Androgyny {an-droj' -in-e). See Androgynism. Andrology {an-drol' -o-je) [avf]p, man; Aoyof, science]. 1. The science of man, especially of the male sex. 2. The science of the diseases of the male genito- urinary organs. Andromania {an-dro-ma' -ne-a/i) \avrjp, a man ; fiavia, madness]. Nymphomania, q. v. Andromeda {an-drom' -e-dah) [^AvSpofiUri, a mytholo- gical character]. A genus of ericaceous shrubs hav- ing poisonous or narcotic properties. The leaves of A. mariana and A. nitida, of North America, and of A. polyfolia of both continents, are useful in the external treatment of old ulcers, a decoction being ap- plied hot to the sore. Unof. Andromoncecious {an-dro-mo-ne' -she-us) \avl;p, male ; /idvog, single ; okof, house]. In biology, of or per- taining to a plant that bears staminate and perfect, but no pistillate flowers. Andromorphous {an-dro-mor' -fus) \_a.viip, man ; pap^i), form]. Shaped like a man. Androphobia {an-dro-fo' -be-ah) [hvfip, man ; ^6jio^, dread]. Fear or dislike of man. Androphonomanla {an-dro-fo-no-ma' -ne-ah) \avSpo- 6voQ, man-killing ; pavia, madness]. Homicidal in- sariity. Androphore {an' -dro-fbr) \hviip, man ; (pipsiv, to bear]. In biology, a stalk supporting an andrecium, a stami- neal column, or a body supporting an antheridium. In biology, a generative bud of a hydrozoan producing male elements only. Andropogon {an-dro-po'-gon) [avi]p, man ; niiyav, beard]. A genus of coarse grasses of many species. A. nardus affords oil of citronella ; A. citratus, lemon- grass oil; A. schaenanthus, oil of rusa, etc. These oils are employed in perfumery, and are said to be use- ful in rheumatism. The oil-bearing andropogons are chiefly S. Asiatic. Unof. ANDROSPORANGIUM 78 ANENCEPHALOTROPHIA Androsporangium (an-dro-spo-ran' -je-um) [aviip, man ; ciTopd, a spore ; a.y)elov, a vessel]. In biology a sporangium producing androspores. Androspore ian^ -drospor) [^avypj a man ; airdpog^ seed]. In biology, the peculiar swarmspore of the (Edogoniece which develops to a " dwarf male " and gives rise to antherozoids. Androtomous [an-drot^ -o-mus) \avi]p a man ; reftvelv, to cut]. In biology, characterized by congenital division of the stamens into several parts. Androtomy {an-drot'-o-me). See Andranatomy. Andrum [an^-drum) [Guzerali andrum ; av5p6y.ri\. A form of elephantiasis Arabum characterized by edema of the scrotum. Aneccrisia [an-ek-ris^ -e-ah) \av priv. ; e/c, out ; aplaigf separation]. The suppression or deficiency of any excretion. Anechinoplacid [an-ek-i-no-plas^ -id') \av priv. ; kx^vog, a hedgehog ; TrAaf , a plate]. In biology, having the madreporic plate destitute of spines ; the opposite of Echinoplacid. Anectasia (an-ek-ta' -se-aK). See Anectasis. Anectasis (an-ek' -tas-is) \av priv. ; EKvaai^, extension]. Deficient size of an organ or part. Aneilema (an-i-le' -moK) \hva, up; t'O^uv, to roll]. Flatulence ; air or wind in the bowels ; colic. Anelectric [an-el-ek' -Irik) \_av priv. ; ^^eicrpov, amber]. Readily giving up electricity. Anelectrode [an-el-ek' -trod) [ava, upward; iy/le/cTpov, amber ; 666^, a path]. The positive pole of a gal- vanic battery. Anelectrotonic {an-el-ek-tro-ton' -iH) \b,v priv. ; fikEK- rpov, electricity ; t6voq, tension]. Relating to anelec- trotonus. A. Zone. See Zone. Anelectrotonos (an-el-ek-trof -o-nos) \hv priv. ; riktK- rpov, electricity ; nivof, tension]. Anodal electrotonus. Anelectrotonus [an-el-ek-trof -o-nus) \av priv ; fiksK- rpov, electricity ; rSvog, tension]. In electrotherapy, the decreased functional activity that occurs in a nerve in the neighborhood of the anode. See Electrotonus and Catelectrotonus. Anel's Operation. See Operations, Table of. A. Probe, or Sound, a fine probe used in operations upon the lachrymal passages. A. Syringe, a syringe used in injecting fluids into the lachrymal passages. Anelytrous (an-el'-it-rus) \_b.v priv. ; i'kmpm, shard]. In biology, with membranous wings, and no elytra. Anematopoiesis (an-e'-mat-o-poi-e' -sis\ \hv priv. ; difw,, blood; TroirjdLQ, a making]. Deficient formation of blood. Anematosis, or Ansematosis {an-e-mat-o' -sis) [avalfja- TOf, bloodless]. I. General, or idiopathic anemia; the morbid state or process that leads to anemia ; that diathesis that is associated with an anemic tendency. 2. Anemia dependent on want of development of the red corpuscles of the blood. Anemia {an-e' -me-ah) \hv priv. ; &fia, blood]. Defi- ciency of blood, or deficiency of the relative number of its red corpuscles, the latter being the most gener- ally understood meaning and use of the term. It may be general or local. Ischemia is a form of local anemia, and is the result of mechanical inter- ference with the circulation of the affected part, either from vaso-motor spasm, thrombosis, embolism, or the action of styptics. The cause of general ane- mia is often obscure, or it may be due either to an insufficient food-supply and excessive drain or blood- waste, or from repeated hemorrhages or exhaust- ing discharges. The action of certain poisons, as mercury and lead, will also produce a form of anemia. Prolonged anemia will give rise to fatty degeneration of the organs and tissues. Idiopathic, pernicious, es- sential, progressive , malignant, etc. , are terms denoting a type resisting all treatment and steadily progressing to a fatal termination. A., Idiopathic, advances to a fatal issue, and is associated with febrile symptoms ; its causation is not evident ; it is called also Primary Anemia. A., Local. See Hyperemia, Ischemia, and Anemia. A. lymphatica. Synonym of Hodgkin^s Disease. See Lymphadenoma. A., Primary. See A. Idiopathic. A., Secondary, or Symptomatic, follows some ascertainable lesion or injury, or from some other disease. A., Symptomatic. See A., Secondary. Anemiate, or Ansemiate (an-e' -me-dt) \av priv ; difui, blood]. AiiFected with anemia. Anemiated, or Anaemiated (an-e'-me-a-ted). See Anemic. Anemied, or Ansemied [an-e'-mid) \a.v priv. ; dijw., blood] . Anemic. Anemic, or Anaemic [an-em'-ik, an-e'-mik) \b.v priv. ; diim, blood]. Pertaining to anemia. A. Murmur, a blood murmur, or soft murmur heard at the base of the heart over the great vessels. A. Necrosis, a ne- crosis or death of scattered patches of the heart mus- cle, due to a want of nourishment. It arises from atheroma occluding the cardiac arteries and their branches. Anemometer (an-e-mom' -et-er) [dve/iof, wind; jihpm), a measure]. An instrument for measuring the velocity of the wind. Anemometry {an-e-mom' -et-re) \^ave/io(, wind ; fihpav, a measure] . The art of measuring the velocity and direction of the wind, principally by means of the anemometer. Anemone (an-em'-o-ne) [avsiiiivri, wind flower]. An important genus of ranunculaceous herbs, most of which have active medicinal and poisonous qualities, and some of which are used in medicine. See Pulsa- tilla. Anemonin [an-em' -o-nin) [aveiumr;, wind-flower], Cjj- HjjOj. The active principle of the Anemone. It is given in bronchitis, asthma, and convulsive cough. Dose gr. %—^X t'^'ice daily. Anemonol (an-em' -on-ol) [rae/ziiTfl?, wind-flower; oleum, oil ] . The volatile oil extracted from anemone ; it is a powerful vesicant. Anemophilous (an-em-off' -il-us) \!ivzfi.oq, wind ; ^iXaq, loving]. Depending for cross-fertilization upon the agency of the wind, as certain flowers. Anemosis, or Ansemosis (an-em-o' -sis) \h.v priv. ; dijW,, blood]. Defective supply of blood; anemia dependent on want of red blood corpuscles. See An- ematosis. Anemotrophy, or Anaemotrophy [an-em-of -ro-fe) [hv priv. ; a(|Uffi, blood ; rpo^, nourishment]. A deficiency of blood nourishment ; an impoverished state of the blood. Anencephalia (an-en-sef-a' -le-ah) \hv priv. ; iyKifaXog, brain] . Congenital absence of the brain. Anencephalic (an-en-sef-aV -ik ) \hv priv. ; cy/c^^a^of, brain] . Pertaining to or characterized by anencephalia. Anencephalohemia (an-en-sef-al-o-he' -me-ah) \h.v priv. ; tyKi'^ahi^, brain ; di^ia, blood] . Insufficiency of blood in the brain. Anencephaloid (an-en-sef -nl-oid) [av priv. ; eyKifaX- of , brain] . Pertaining to anencephalia. Anencephaloneuria (an-en-sef-al-on-u' -re-ah) [av priv.; ey/c^^a/lof, brain; veiipov, a nerve]. Imperfect nerve-action of the brain. Anencephalotrophia, or Anencephalotrophy [an-en- sef-al-o-tro' -fe-ah or -lot' -ro-fe) \kv priv.; cyrf^aAoc, brain ; Tpa^i], nutrition]. Atrophy, or lack of nutri- tion of the brain. ANENCEPHALUS 79 ANESTHETIC Anencephalus (an-en-sef -al-us) [av priv. ; eyKi, a vessel ; |Uiif , a muscle ; bjia, a tumor: pi. , Angiomyomatd\. A vascular and erectile muscular tumor. Angioneoplasm (an- je-o-ne' -o-plazni) . See Angioneo- plasma. Angioneoplasma {an-je-o-ne-o-plaz' -mah) [ajytlov, a vessel; wdf, new; 7r?Aafia, moulded substance://., Angioneoplasmata']. A neoplasm made up of blood- vessels or lymph-vessels. Angioneurosin (an-je-o-nu' -rosin). Synonym of • Nitroglycerin. Angioneurosis (an-je-o-nu-ro' -sis) l_ayye~iov, a, vessel; vEvpov, a nerve] . A neurosis of the blood-vessels; a disturbance of the vaso-motor system, — a symptom of many diseases. Angio-neurotic [an-Je-o-nu-rof -ik) [ayyelov, a vessel ; VEvpov, a nerve]. Pertaining to angioneurosis. A. Edema, a swelling, with associated symptoms, proba- bly due to vaso-motor lesion. Angionoma {an-je-on' -o-maK) [ayyEiov, a vessel ;fo^^, " ulcer] . Ulceration of a vessel. Ai>gioparalysis [an-je-o-par-al' -is-is) \_ayytmv, a vessel ; TtapaXhtiv, to disable on one side]. Vaso-motor paralysis. Angioparalytic (an-je-o-par-al-iP -ik) [hyynov, a vessel ; ■KapaXveiv, to disable on one side]. Relating to or characterized by angioparalysis. Angioparesis {an-je-o-par' -es-is) l_ayys2ov, a vessel ; irdpeaic, a letting go]. Paresis or partial paralysis of the vaso-motor apparatus. Angiopathy {an-je-op' -a-the) \_a,yy€imi, a vessel ; Trdflof , disease]. Ally disease of the vascular system. Angioplania {an-je-o-pla' -ne-ah) \_kyyuov, a vessel ; TrXavri, a wandering]. Irregularity or abnormality in the course of a vessel. Angioplastic {an-je-o-plas' -tik). See Vasifactive. Angiorrhagia or Angeiorrhagia {an-je-or-a' -je-ah) [dyyeJOT, a vessel ; jyriyvvvai, break]. Bleeding from a vessel. Angiorrhea (an-je-or-e' -ah) [ayyelov, a vessel ; {>elv, to flow]. An oozing of blood. Angionhexis {an-je-o-reks' -is) \lr/yeiov, a vessel ; /5^f if , a bursting] . Rupture of a blood-vessel. Angiosarcoma (an-je-o-sar-ko' -mah) [ayyuov, a vessel ; ' (rdpf, flesh; o/ia, a tumor: pi. , Angiosarcomata\ A vascular sarcoma. Angiosarcomatous [an-je-o-sar-ko' -mat-us) \hYyelov, a vessel; ffdpf, flesh; hfia, a tumor]. Of the nature of or affected with angiosarcoma. Angioscope (an' -je-o-skop) [ayyelov, a vessel ; OKovelv, to inspect] . An instrument for examining the capillary vessels. Angiosialitis {an-je-o-si-al-i' -iis) [ayyelov, a vessel ; aiaXov, saliva; ltli;, inflammation]. Inflammation of the duct of a salivary gland. Angiosis (an-je-o' -sis) [ayyelov, a vessel] . Any disease of blood-vessels or lymphatics. Angiospasm (an' -je-o-spazni) [ayyelov, a vessel ; anaaildc, a spasm]. A convulsive neurosis of the blood-vessels ; a vaso-motor spasm. Angiospastic (an-je-o-spas' -tik) [ayyelov, a vessel; aTTaafi6(, spasm]. Characterized by or of the nature of angiospasm. Angiosperm (an' -je-o-sperm) [ayyelov, a vessel ; aivtpjia, seed]. In biology, a plant the seeds of which are pro- duced within a closed vessel. Angiosporous (an-je-os'-po-rus) [ayyelov, a vessel ; OTrdpo^, a seed]. In biology, producing spores or asci within a hollow receptacle, said of fungi. Angiostegnosis (an-je-o-steg-no' -sis) [ayyelov, a vessel ; CTeyvaoig, stoppage]. Stoppage or constriction of a vessel. Angiostegnotic (an-je-o-steg-nof -ik) [ayyelov, a vessel ; areyvaoic, stoppage] . Relating to angiostegnosis ; as- tringent ; causing contraction of blood-vessels. Angiostenosis [an-je-o-ste-no' -sis) [ayyelov, a vessel ; arevuaig, a straitening]. Constriction or narrowing of a vessel. Angiostomatous [an-je-o-sto' -mat-as) [ayyelov, a ves- sel; OTdfia, mouth]. In biology, having the mouth or opening narrow or not dilatable. Angiostrophe (an-je-os' -tro-fe) [ayyelov, a vessel ; arpocpi/, twist] . Torsion of a vessel, as for the control of hemorrhage. Angiotasis (an-je-ot'-as-is) [ayyelov, a vessel ; racig, tension]. The tension of the vessels. Angiotatic (an-je-ot-at'-ik) [ayyelov, a vessel; rdcrif, tension]. Relating to angiotasis. Angiotelectasia (an-je-o-tel-ek-ta' -ze-aK) [ayyelov, a ves- sel; rfAof, end; enraais, dilatation]. Dilatation of capillary vessels. Angiotomy (an-je-ot'-o-me) [ayyelov, a vessel ; rdfi?/, a cutting]. The incision or dissection of a vessel. Angle (ang'-gl) or Angulus (ang' -gu-lus) [angulus, an angle]. The degree of divergence of two lines that meet each other ; the space between two such lines. A. a., that one of Lissauer's angles between the radius fixus and a line joining the alveolar and subnasal points. A. of Aberration. See A. of De- viation. A., Ackermann's, certain angles, character- istic of kyphosis, which mark the base of the skull in cases of encephalocele and hydrocephalus ; for ex- ample, the occipito-sphenoidal angle is abnormally sharp. A., Acromial, that formed between the head of the humerus and the clavicle. A., Alpha, i. In optics, that formed by the intersection of the visual line and optic axis. 2. In craniometry, that one of Lissauer's angles between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and subnasal point. A., Al- veolar, that formed between a line passing through a spot beneath the nasal spine and the most prominent point of the lower edge of the alveolar process of the superior maxilla and the cephalic horizontal line. A., Alveolo-condylar. Btse A., Orbito-alveolo-con- dylar. A., Anterior (of Ilium). See A., External (of Jlium). A., Anterior (of Scapula). See A., Cer- vical (of Scapula). A., Anterior Parietal. See A., Parietal (of Quatrefages). A., Antero-external (of Ischium), in veterinary anatomy, the posterior extremity of the supracotyloid crest. A., Antero- internal (of Ischium), in veterinary anatomy, the portion of the ischium that helps to close the obtu- rator foramen inwardly. A. of Aperture, in optics, that included between two lines joining the oppo- site points of the periphery of a lens and the focus. A., Auricular, in craniometry, those cephalic angles having their apices at Broca's auricular point. A., Auriculo-cranial, in craniometry, the auricular angles whose sides pass through the cranium. A., Auriculo- facial, in craniometry, those auricular angles whose sides pass through the face. A., Auriculo-frontal. See A., Frontal. A., Auriculo-occipital, in cranio^ metry, the combined sub-occipital and supra-occipital angles. A., Auriculo-parietal. See A., Parietal (of Broca). A. b., that one of Lissauer's angles in- cluded between the radius fixus and a line joining the bregma and nasion. A., Barclay's. See A. , Orifa- cial. A., Basifacial, in craniometry, that between the basi-cranial and basifacial axes. A., Basilar, in craniometry, that between the naso-basilar and basi- alveolar lines. A., Beta, that one of Lissauer's angles ANGLE 84 ANGLE included between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and bregma. A., Bi-orbital, in optics, that formed by the intersection of the axes of the orbits. A., Broca's. See A., Facial, A., Occipital, and A. , Parietal. A. c, that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the lambda and opisthion. A., Catnper's. See A., Facial, and A., Maxillary. A., Carpal, in biology, the bend of the wing. A., Cephalic, in craniom- etry, a general term for the cranial and facial angles. A., Cerebellar. See A., Suboccipital. A., Cerebral. I. In craniometry, that formed by the frontal, Broca's parietal, and the supra-occipital angles. 2. See A. of Segond. A., Cervical (of Scapula), in veterin- ary anatomy, the point of union of the anterior and superior borders of the scapula. A., Chi, that one of Lissauer's angles included between two lines run- ning from the hormion to the basion and staphylion. A., Cloquet's. See A. , Facial. A., Condylar, that between the planes of the basilar groove and the occi- pital foramen. A., Co-orbital, in craniometry, that formed by the crossing of the anatomical plane of the head by the bi-orbital plane. A., Coracoscapular, in biology, that between the axes of the coracoid and scapula. A., Coronofacial (of Gratiolet), in craniometry, the angle that the facial line of Cam- per forms with the plane passing through the coronal suture. A., Costal. See A., Subcostal. A., Coty- loid, in veterinary anatomy, the portion of the ilium included between the cotyloid foramen and the supra- cotyloid crest. A., Cotyloidean. See A., Antero- external {of Ischium). A., Cranial, in craniometry, angles corresponding to the auricular angles, but having their apices at the anterior border of the occipital fora- men. A., Craniofacial (of Ecker). See A., Meta- facial. A., Craniofacial (of Huxley) , in craniometry, that formed at the middle of the anterior border of the jugum sphenoidale by lines drawn from the basion and nasal spine. A., Critical, that made by a beam of light passing from a rarer to a denser medium, with the perpendicular, without being entirely reflected. A. of Cuvier. See A., Facial. A. of Daubenton. See A., Occipital. A., Deschamps's. SeeA.,/nio- facial. A. of Deviation. 1. In botany, that formed by a leaf, branch, or root with the axis upon which it is borne, j^. In magnetism, the angle traversed by the needle when disturbed by some magnetic force. 3. In optics, that formed by a refracted ray and the pro- longation of the incident ray. A. of Divergence, in botany, that formed between succeeding organs in the same spiral or whorl. A., Dorsal (of Scapula), in veterinary anatomy, the junction of the superior and posterior borders of the scapula. A. ofDiirer. See A., Facial. A., Ecker's. ?iee A., Sphenoidal &ni A., Craniofacial. A. of Elevation, in optics, that made by the visual plane with its primary position when moved upward or downward. A., Ephippial (Welcker's). See A., Sphenoidal. A., Ethmocranial. See A., Olfactory. A., External (of Ilium), in veterinary anatomy, the anterior superior spine of the ilium. A., External (of Mulder), in craniometry, that pro- duced by the junction of Camper's line and a line joining the basi-occipital bone and the nasion. A., External (of Pubes), in veterinary anatomy, the por- tion of the pubic bone constituting the chief part of the cotyloid cavity. A. of the Eye. See Canthus. A. f., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the inion and opis- thion. A., Facial (of Broca). See A., Ophryo- spinal Facial. A., Facial (of Camper), in cranio- metry, that between the facial line of Camper and the line drawn through the auricular and subnasal points. A., Facial (of Cloquet), in craniometry, that be- tween the line drawn through the ophryon and the alveolar point and the auricular-alveolar line. A., Facial (of Cuvier). See A., Facial {of Geoffroy St. Hilaire). A., Facial (of Durer), in crani- ometry, that formed by a line tangent to the brow and the lobule of the nose and a line joining the lobe of the ear and the lower part of the nasal septum. A., Facial (of Jacquart), in craniometry, that between the line joining the subnasal point and the glabella and the line joining the subnasal and auricular points. A., Facial (of Segond). See A. of Segond. A., Facial (of Geoffroy St. Hilaire), in craniometry, that between the facial line of Camper and the line joining the auricular point and the edge of the incisors. A., Facial (of Topinard.) See A. , Ophryo-spinal Facial. A., Facial (of Virchow and Holder), in craniometry, that formed by the union of a line joining the naso-frontal suture and the most prominent point of the lower edge of the superior alveolar processes, and a line joining the superior border of the external auditory meatus and the lower border of the orbit. A., Pick's, in craniometry, one formed by the inter- section of the basilar groove, and a line joining the symphysis menti and the basion. A., Frontal, in craniometry, one formed by lines joining the auricular point and the ophryon and bregma. In ornithology, that formed between the forehead and the upper mar- gin of the beak. A., Frontal (of Lissauer), that one included between lines joining the metopion and the bregma and nasion. A., Fronto-glabellar, the degree of inclination of the forehead. A., Gamma, in optics, that formed at the center of rotation of the eyes by the optic and visual axes. A., Genal, in biology, the posterior angle of the movable gena of trilobites. A., Gratiolet's. See A. , Coronofacial. A., Humeral (of the Scapula), in veterinary anat- omy, a name given to the head of the shoulder blade. A., Huxley's. See A., Craniofacial. A. i., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the posterior border of the incisor foramen and the alveolar point. A., Ilio-ischial, that between the ischium and the cotylo-sacral rib of the ilium. A., Ilio-pubic, in veterinary anatomy, that existing between the ilium and pubes. A., Ilio- vertebral, that existing between the iliac bones and the spinal column. A. of Incidence, in optics, the angle at which a ray of light strikes a denser medium and undergoes I'eflection or refraction. A. of Incli- nation (of Pelvic Canal), in obstetrics, that formed by the anterior wall of the pelvis with the conjugate diameter. A. of Inclination (of Pelvis), in obstet- rics, that formed by the pelvis with the general line of the trunk, or that formed by the plane of the infe- rior strait with the horizon. A., Inferior (of Scapu- la). See A., Humeral. A. of Inflexion, in veter- inary anatomy, that formed by the quarter of the hoof of a soliped with the commencement of the bar. A., Inio-facial, in craniometry, Deschamps's modifica- tion of Camper's line. It is the angle included be- tween the two lines extending from the inion to the glabella and from the inion to the symphysis of the chin. A., Internal (of Ilium), in veterinary anat- omy, the posterior superior spine of the ilium. A., Internal (of Pubes), in veterinary anatomy, the name for the angle of the pubes. A., Internal (of Walther), in craniometry, that included between a line joining the glabella and the nasion and another from the occipital protuberance to the crista galli. A., Interradial, in biology, that formed in the star-fish by the coming together of the lateral walls of two adjacent ambulacral grooves. A. of the Ischio-pubic ANGLE 85 ANGLE Arch, that formed by the junction of the ischio-pubic rami. A. of Jacquart. See A., Facial. A. of Jaw, the junction of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible with its posterior border. A. of Land- zert, that formed by the plane of the basilar groove and the horizontal line of the jugum sphenoidale. A. of Lavater, in craniometry, that contained be- tween a line joining the point of the nose and the outer angle of the eye, and a line running from the same point to the angle of the mouth. According to Lavater, the greater the angle the more intelligent the individual. A., Limiting. See A. , Critical. A. of the Lips, those formed by the union of the lips at either extremity of the mouth. A., Lissauer's, in craniometry, a number of angles in the median plane of the skull included between lines radiating from a fixed line connecting the inion and hormion (radius Jixus.) See also A., Frontal, and A. , Parietal. A., Louis's, that between the manubrium and gladiolus of the sternum due to retraction in the upper part of the thorax. A. of Liidovici. See A. , Louis's. A., Ludwig's. See A., Louis's. A., Lumbo-iliac, in veterinary anatomy, that formed by the junction of the sacrum and ilia. A. m., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the opisthion and the basion. A., Maxillary (of Camper), in craniometry, that included between two lines extending from the point of contact of the upper and lower central incisor teeth, one to the ophryon and the other to the most prominent point of the lower jaw. A., Metafacial (of Series), that which the pterygoid processes form with the base of the skull. A., Meter-, in optics, the degree of convergence of the eyes when centered on an object one meter distant from each. A. of the Mouth. See A. of the Lips. A., Mu, that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and basion. A., Mulder's. See A., External. A. n., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the nasion and alveolar point. A. n'., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the nasion and subnasal point. A., Nasal (of Ranke), in craniometry, that included between the horizontal plane of the skull and a line passing through the mid- dle of the alveolar border beneath the nasal spine and the center of the naso-frontal suture. A., Nasal (of' Welcker), in craniometry, that included between the naso-basilar and naso-subnasal lines. A., Naso- basal (of Welcker). See A., Nasal. A., Naso- malar, in craniometry, that formed by two lines converging from the outer margins of the orbits to the base of the nose. A. of the Neck. See^. erf the Nucha. A. of the Neck of the Femur, that formed between the neck and shaft of the femur. A., Negative, the name given to Quatrefages' parietal angle when it is inversed. A. of the Nose, that between the nose and the cheek. A., Nu, that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and nasion. A. of the Nucha, that formed by the junction of the nucha with the neck. A. o., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the lambda and bregma. A. of Obliquity of Femur, that formed by the shaft of the femur and a vertical line. A., Occipital, in craniometry, that formed by the intersection of the basicranial axis and the plane of the occipital foramen. A., Occipital (of Broca), in craniometry, that be- tween the lines joining the opisthion and the basion and nasal points. A., Occipital (of Daubenton), in craniometry, the angle that Daubenton's line makes with the line joining the basion and opisthion. A., Occipital, Second, in craniometry, that formed by two lines joining the opisthion and the nasion and nasal spine. A., Olfactory, in craniometry, that formed by the intersection of the plane of the cribri- form plate of the ethmoid and the basicranial axis. A., Omega, that one of Lissauer's angles between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and lambda. A., Ophryo-alveolo-auricular. See A., Facial [of Cloquet). A., Ophryo-spinal-faciall, in craniometry, that included between two lines from the nasal spine to the ophryon and auricular point. A., Optic, that included between lines joining the extremities of an object and the nodal point. The smallest is about 30 seconds. A., Orbito-alveolo- condylar, in craniometry, that included between the horizontal visual and alveolo-condylar planes. A., Orbito-basilar, in craniometry, that included between Barclay's basifacial plane and the plane of the orbital axes. A., Orbito-facial. See A. , Orbito-maxillary. A., Orbito-maxillary, in craniometry, that included between the two lines joining the auricular point and the glabella and alveolar border. A., Orbito-occi- pital, in craniometry, that included between the plane of the occipital foramen and the bi-orbital plane. A., Orifacial (of Barclay), i. That included be- tween Camper's line and the plane of mastication. 2. That included between the median antero-posterior line of the palatine arch and the median antero-poste- rior line of the plane of the lower border of the in- ferior maxilla. A. p., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the staphylion and alveolar point. A., Palatine, in craniometry, that included between Camper's line and a line on the plane of the alveolar arch. A., Parietal (of Broca), in craniometry, that included between two lines joining the auricular point and the bregma and lambda. A., Parietal (of Lissauer), that in- cluded between lines drawn from the bregma and . lambda to the most prominent point of the parietal bone. A., Parietal (of Quatrefages), in craniome- try, that formed by the lines drawn through the ex- tremities of the transverse maximum or bizygomatic diameter and the maximum transverse frontal diameter (called positive when it opens downward, negative when it opens upward). A., Parietal, Posterior, in craniometry, that included between two lines tangent to the parietal eminence and the most prominent points of the zygomatic arch. A., Pi, that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and alveolar point. A. of Polari- zation, in optics, the angle of reflection at which light is most completely polarized. A., Positive. See .<4., Parietal (of Quatrefages). A., Posterior (of Ilium). See A. , Cotyloid. A., Posterior (of Pubes), in vet- erinary anatomy, that portion of the pubes that helps to close in the obturator foramen internally. A., Posterior (of Scapula). See^., Dorsal (of Scap- ula). A., Postero-external (of Ischium), in vet- erinary anatomy, the tuberosity of the ischium. A., Postero-internal (of Ischium), in veterinary anatomy, the ischiadic arch. A., Premax- illary. See A., Basifacial. A., Prepubic, that formed by the male urethra in front of the pubes, the penis being in a flaccid state. A. of Prognath- ism, in craniometry, the angle indicating the degree of forward projection of the face. A., Psi. I. Thai one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the hormion and opisthion. 2. In optics, that between the optic axis and line of fixation. A. of the Pubes, that formed by the junction of the pubic bones at the symphysis. A., Pyramidal. See A. , Positive. A. of Quatrefages. ANGLE 86 ANGUSTICOLLIS See A. , Parietal. A. of Ranke. See A. , Nasal. A. of Reflection, in optics, that which a reflected ray of light makes with a line drawn perpendicular to the point of incidence. A. of Refraction, in optics, that which exists between a refracted ray of light and a line drawn perpendicular to the point of inci- dence. A. of Rib, aline on the external surface of the shaft of the vertebral extremity of the rib, to which is at- tached the tendon of the sacro-lumbalis muscle. A. s., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the basion and staphy- lion. A., Sacro-vertebral, that which the sacrum foims with the last lumbar vertebra. A. of Segond, in craniometry, angles formed between lines drawn from the basion to the various other craniometrical points. The Facial angle of Segond is that be- tween the line passing through the basion and mental points and the line passing through the basion and ophryon. The Cerebral angle of Segond is that between the line passing through the basion and oph- ryon, and the line passing through the basion and opisthion. A. of Series. See A. , Metafacial. A. Sigma, that one of Lissauer's angles included be- tween the radius fixus and a line drawn from the hor- mion to the staphylion. A., Sincipital. See A., Ex- ternal (of Mulder). A. Spal. See A. Summi Palaii. A., Sphenoidal, in craniometry, that included between two lines joining the nasion and the basion with the center of the transverse groove of the optic commissure, at the point where the sloping anterior surface of the sella turcica passes over into the hori- zontal surface of the olivary eminence. A., Squint- ing, that indicating the degree of divergence of the affected eye in strabismus. A., Sterno-clavicular, that existing between the clavicle and the sternum. A. of St. Hilaire (Geoffrey). See A., Facial. A., Subcostal, that formed by the outward inclination of the false ribs with the middle line of the body. A., Suboccipital, in craniometry, that included between two lines joining Broca's auricular point with the posterior border of the occipital foramen and the external occipital protuberance. A., Sub- pubic, that formed at the pubic arch. A., Summi Occipitis, Lissauer's angle included between lines connecting the most prominent point of the occipital squama and the lambda and inion. A., Summi Palati, Lissauer's angle included between lines drawn from the staphylion and alveolar point to the highest point of the arch of the palate. A., Supra-occipital, in craniometry, that formed by two lines joining Broca's auricular point with the lambda and the exter- nal occipital protuberance. A., Symphysian, that which the profile of the symphysis of the lower jaw makes with the plane of the inferior border of the lower jaw. A., Tentorial, in craniometry, that in- cluded between the plane of the tentorium and the basicranial axis. A. of Topinard. Seeyi. , Facial. A. of Torsion, the amount of twisting in the shaft of a bone. A., Total Cranial, in craniometry, that measuring the cranial cavity between lines drawn from the auricular point to the ophryon and opisthion. A. of the Uterus, that at the comua of the uterus, where the oviducts enter. A., Venosus, that formed between the right and left brachio-cephalic veins. A., Vertebro-iliac. See A., Ilio-vertebral. A., Vestibular, that formed in the vestibule by the junc- tion of its posterior and middle walls. A. of Virchow and Holder. See A., Facial. A., Visual. See^. , Oplic. A. of Vogt, in craniometry, that included between lines joining the nasion and the basion and alveolar point. A., Walther's. See A., Internal. A., Welcker's. See A. , Ephippial, A. , Nasal, and A. , Nasobasal. A., Xiphoid, in anatomy, that fonned by the sides of the xiphoid notch. A. y., that one of Lissauer's angles included between the radius fixus and a line joining the lambda and inion. Angleberry (ang' -gl-ber-e) [M. E., angle; iery\. Butchers' name for bovine tuberculosis. See Grapes. Anglesey Leg (ang'-gl-se leg) [so called after the Marquis of Anglesey]. An artificial limb formed from a solid piece of wood hollowed out to receive the stump and provided with a steel joint at the knee. The ankle joint was made of wood, to which motion was communicated by strong cat-gut strings posteriorly and a spiral spring anteriorly. Anglicus sudor (ang'-lik-us su'-dor) [L.]. English sweating fever. A contagious malignant fever, also known as Ephemera maligna, characterized by black or dark-colored sweat. Anglo-Swiss Food, an artificial infant food with the following composition : Water, 6.54; fat, 2.72; grape- sugar and milk-sugar, 23.29; cane-sugar, 21.40; starch, 34.55 ; soluble carbohydrates, 46.43 ; albumin- oids, 10.26; ash, 1.20. Angophrasia [ang-go-frat -ze-ali) \_ayx£i-v, to choke ; (fipdai;, utterance]. A speech-defect consisting of a choking, drawling, and agitated utterance, with repeti- tions and nasal sounds, occurring in paralytic dementia. Angor iang'-gor) [angor, a strangling]. Synonymous with Angina. Applied by some to epigastric pain. Angry (angt-gre) [M. E., angericJi\. Characterized by acute inflammation and pain, as an angry sore. Angstrom's Law. See Law. Anguilulidae [ang-gwil' -u-lid-e) \anguilla, an eel]. The small nematoid worms that live in vinegar and sour paste. Anguilliform (ang-gwW -if-orni) [anguilla, an eel ; forma, form]. In biology, having the characters or form of an eel. Anguillula (ang-gwiV -u-laK) [dim. of anguilla, an eel]. A genus of parasitic round worms. A. Ster- coralis. See Thread-worms and Parasites, Animal, Table of. Anguine (ang'-gwin) \anguis, a snake]. In biology, snake-like. Anguish (ang'-gwisK) [(Z«^i/2a, narrowness, distress]. Extreme bodily or mental distress. Angular [ang' -gu-lar) \angulus, an angle]. Pertaining , to an angle. A. Artery and Vein, the terminal branches of the facial artery and vein. A. Gyrus, or Convolution, the pli courbe, a convolution of the brain. A. Movement, the movement between two bones that may take place forward and backward, or inward and outward. A. Processes, the external and internal extremities of the orbital arch of the frontal bone. Angularis scapulae Muscle [ang-gu-la'-ris skap'-u-le). The levator anguli scapula. See Muscles, Table of. Anguliferous {ang-gu-Uf -er-us) \angulus, an angle; ferre, to bear]. In biology, having the last whorl angled or comered. Angulinerved {ang' -gu-lin-ervd) \^angulus, an angle ; nervum, a nerve]. In biology, said of leaves in which the veins or nerves diverge from the midrib ; pinnately nerved. Angulo-dentate (ang' -gu-lo-den' -tat) \angulus, an angle ; dentatus, toothed]. With angular teeth. Angulus (ang'-gti-lus) [L.J. See Angle. Angustate (ang-gus' -tat) [angustare, to straiten ; to narrow] . Narrow. Angustia (a«^-^«'-/c-(7/;) [L.]. Constriction; abnor- mal narrowness ; distress. Angusticollis (ang-gus-te-kol'-is) [angustus, narrow; colluvi, a neck]. In biology, with a slender neck. ANGUSTIDENTATE 87 ANIMALCULE Angustidentate {ang-gtis-te-den'-tat) \_angustus, nar- row; dens, a tooth]. In biology, with slender teeth. Angustifoliate {ang-gus-te-fo' -le-at) \_angustus, narrow ; foliatus, leaved]. In biology, with narrow leaves. Angustirostrate {ang-gus-te-ros' -trai) [angmtus, nar- row; rostrum, hedik'^. In biology, having a narrow or compressed beak. Angustiseptate [ang-gus-te-sep' -tsi) \angustus, narrow ; septum, a partition]. In biology, having a narrow septum. Angustura (ang-gus-tu' -rah) [Sp., Angostura, a S. A. town]. Cusparia Bark. The bark of Galipea cus- paria. A stimulant tonic and febrifuge used in malig- nant bilious fever, intermittent fever, and dysentery. In large doses emetic. Dose of fld. ext. TTLx— xxx ; of the bark gr. x-xl. Unof. Infus. Cusparise (B. P.). Dose 5i-ij. Angusturin [ang-gus' -tu-riri) [Sp. , Angostura, a S. A. town]. Synonym of Brucin, q. v. Anhaloin (an-haV -o-iii) \Anhalonium'\. An intensely poisonous alkaloid, derived from the fruit of Anhalo- nium. {Mamillarid) lewinii, a cactus. It produces collapse, followed by tetanus. Unof. Anhalonium levirinii (an-ha-lo' -ne-um le-win'-e-i) [L.]. The cactus of this name is a native of Mexico. Its active principle is intensely poisonous and resembles strychnin in action. Dose of the extract gtt. j. Unof. Anhaphia [an-ha'-fe-aK). See Anaphia. Anhela (an-he'-laH) \anhelatio, asthma]. A difficulty in breathing. A. amphemerina, A. asinina, A. canina, A. clamosa, A. clangosa, A. delassans, A. perennis, A. puerilis, A. spasmodica, A. strangulans, A. sufTocans, A. tussiculosa, syno- nyms of Pertussis. Aiihelation.[an- Ae-ta'-s&un) [^an/te/are, to ■pant]. Short- ness of breath ; dyspnea. Anhematosis (an-hem-at-o'-sis) \_ai> priv. ; al/iaTdeiv, to make bloody]. Defective formation of the blood. Anhidrosis {an-hid-ro'-sis) [av priv. ; ISpiig, sweat]. Absence or deficiency of sweat excretion. Anhidrotic (an-kid-rof -ik) [av priv. ; ldp6g, sweat]. I. Tending to check sweating. 2. An agent that checks sweating. Anhistous {an-Ms'-tus) [av priv. ; lardq, a web]. Structureless ; not organized ; plasmic. Anhydremia {an-M-dre' -me-ah) [av priv. ; Map, water ; al/ia, blood]. The opposite of hydremia ; an abnor- mal decrease in the relative proportion of the water to that of the salts of the blood. Anhydrid (an-hi'-drid) [av priv. ; vdup, water]. One of a class of chemic compounds that may be regarded as made up of one or more molecules of water in which the whole of the hydrogen is replaced by nega- tive or acid radicals (that may themselves contain hydrogen) . Anhydro-ecgonin [an-hi'-dro-ek'-go-nin) [av priv. ; v6up, water; kit, out of; yov6;, born]. A basic sub- stance in the cocain and ecgonin series, but more remote from cocain than ecgonin. A n h y d r o-glycochloral (an-hi'-dro-gli-ko-klo'-ral). See Chloralose. Anhydromyelia [an-hi-dro-mi-e' -le-aK) [av priv. ; vSap, water ; iivekbv, marrow] . A deficiency of the fluid that normally fills the spinal cavity. Anhydrous {an-hi'-drus) [avpriv. ; Wup, water]. In chemistry, a term used to denote the absence of hydroxyl or of constitutional water. Anhysteria {an-his-te' -re-ah) [av priv. ; varipa, the womb]. Absence of the uterus. Anideus (an-id' -e-us) [av priv. ; elihg, form]. The lowest form of omphalosite, in which the parasitic fetus is reduced to a shapeless mass of flesh covered with skin. Anidous (an-V -dus) [av priv. ; «Mof, form]. Form- less, from general arrest of development ; used of fetal monsters. Anidrosis (an-id-ro'-sis). See Anhidrosis. Anidrotic (an-id-rot'-ik). See Anhidrotic. Anile (an'-il) [anilis, an old woman]. Imbecile. Anilid (an'-il-id) [Arab., al, the; nil, dark blue]. Compounds formed by the action of acid cWorids or acid anhydrids upon the anilins. They are very stable derivatives. Anilin (an' -il-in) ■ [Arab. , al, the; nil, dark blue], CgHjN. Amidobenzene ; formed in the dry distillation of bituminous coal, bones, indigo, isatin, and other nitrogenous substances. It is made by reducing nitro- benzene. It is a colorless liquid with a faint peculiar odor, boiling at 183° ; its sp. gr. at 0° is 1.036. When perfectly pure it solidifies on cooling, and melts at — 8°. It is slightly soluble in water, but dissolves readily in alcohol and ether. Combined with chlorin, the chlorates, and hypochlorites, the various anilin dyes are produced. It is a powerful narcotic poison. It is used in chorea and epilepsy with benefit in one-half grain doses. Unof. A. Black, CigHj^Nj, one of the indulins formed by the oxidation of anilin by means of potassium chlorate in the presence of copper or vanadium salts. It is a dark-green amorphous pow- der, insoluble in the ordinary reagents, and is used in calico printing as a black color. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. A. Colors. See Con- spectus of Pigments, under Pigment. A. Red. See Fuchsin. A. Sulphate, [C5H3NH2] SOjH2, used as a test for lignin. See Stains, Table of. A. Violet. See Tyrolin. Anilinophile [an-il-in' -o-fl) [anilin; ^(/lEEii;, tolove]. Readily stained with anilin. Anilism [an' -il-izm) [anilin']. An acute or chronic disease produced in workmen in anilin factories by the poisonous fumes. Anility {an-il' -it-e') [anilis, an old woman]. The state of being imbecile or childish. Anima (an'-im-aK) [animus, spirit]. The soul; the vital principle ; formerly, the active principle of a drug or medicine. Animal [an'-im-al) [anima, the spirit, breath, or life]. An organic being having life and power of motion. Pertaining to the same. The animal kingdom is com- posed of the Vertebrata, Mollusca, Articulata, and Radiata. A. Black. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. A. Charcoal, bone-black, ivory- black, etc., is the product of calcining bones in close vessels. A. Chemistry, that concerning itself with the composition of animal bodies. A. Electricity, electricity generated in the body. A. Function, any physiological action or process. A. Gum, Cj^HjoOj,, -|- zH^O. A substance prepared from mucin by Landwehr, and so named on account of its resemblance to the gum of commerce. It occurs in many tissues of the body, is soluble in water, and in alkaline solution readily dissolves cupric oxid, the solution not being reduced on boiling. It yields no coloration with iodin, and is very feebly dextrorotatory. A. Heat, the normal temperature of the body, about 98.5° F. A. Kingdom, a name for all animals considered col- lectively. A. Magnetism, mesmerism, hypnotism, etc. A. Oil. See DippeVs Oil. A. Starch. See Glycogen. A. Tissue. See Tissue. Animalcule {an-im-al'-kill) [animalculum , dim. of animal, a minute animal : pi. , Animalcula] . An organism so small as to require the microscope for its examination. ANIMALCULISM ANKYLOBLEPHARON Animalculism (an-im-al'-ku-liziii) \animalculum, a little animal]. See Sperniism and Jncasement. Animalculist (an-im-al' -ku-list) [aniinalculum, a little animal]. See Incasement. Animalization {cm-im-al-iz-a' -shun) \animalis, ani- mate]. The process of assimilating food to the tis- sues of the body. Animation (an-im-a/ -shun) \animare, to have life or existence]. To be possessed of life. Formerly used to denote the effect of the vital principle by vifhich the fetus acquires the power of continuing its existence. A., Suspended, a condition marked by interrupted respiration and consciousness ; caused by strangulation, the inhalation of carbon dioxid or other gases, etc. Anitne (an'-im-e) [Fr. , animi, origin doubtful]. A name of various resins, especially that of Hymenaa courbaril, a tree of tropical America ; sometimes used in plaster, etc. Unof. See Copal. Animism \an' -im-izni) \_anima, soul]. Stahl's theory of life and disease, namely, that the soul is the source of both normal and pathologic activities. Anion (an'-e-on) lava, up; tuf, going]. In electroly- sis, an electro-negative element. See /on. Anions [an'-e-om) [_avi&i>, going up]. The atoms that collect around either pole vfhen a compound is decom- posed by electricity. Aniridia [an-ir-id' -e-ah) [av priv. ; Ipif, the rainbow]. Absence or defect of the iris. Anisandrous {an-is-an' -drus) \aviaog, unequal ; avi]p, male]. Same as Anisostemenous. Anisanthous (an-is-an' -thus) [dwffof, unequal ; anOoc, flower]. In biology, varying as to the form of the perianth. Anischuria {an-is-ku' -re-ah) [av priv. ; laxovpia, re- tention of urine]. Enuresis or incontinence of urine. Anise ian'-is) . See Anisum. Anisic {an-is'-ik) [anisum, anise]. Pertaining or be- longing to anise. A. Acid. See Acid. A. Aldehyd. See Aldehyd. Anisin (an'-is-in) [anisum, anise], CjjHjjNjOj. An artificial crystalline alkaloid, a derivative of anise. Anisobryous [an-is-ob^ -re-us) [aviGog, unequal ; ^phov, growth]. Same as Monocotyledonous. Anisocoria {an-is-o-ko' -re-ah) [aviao^, unequal ; Kop^, pupil]. Inequality in the diameter of the pupils. Anisodont [an-i' -so-dont) [avino^, unequal ; bSolic, tooth]. In biology, having irregular teeth of unequal length. Anisognathous [an-is-og'-na-thus) [micro;, unequal ; yvddo;, jaw]. In biology, having the two jaw.s unlike as to the molar teeth. Anisogynous [an-is-oj' -in-us) [aiiujog, unequal ; ywi/, a. female]. In biology, with fewer carpels than sepals. Anisol (an'-is-ol) [anisum, anise], CyHgO. Methyl phenyl ether, produced by heating phenol with potas- sium and methyl iodid or potassium methyl sulphate in alcoholic solution. It is an ethereal-smelling hquid, boiling at 152° ; its sp. gr. at 15° is o.ggi. Anisomelous (an-is-om' -el-us) [avcaog, unequal ; /liXo;, a limb]. With limbs of unequal length. Anisomerous (an-is-om'-er-us) [aviao;, unequal ; fiipo;, part]. In biology, having the parts or organs unequal in successive series, as parts of the flowers in different whorls, or ridges, or successive molar teeth. Anisometropia {an-is-o-me-tro' -pe-ah) [av priv. ; Ictoq, equal ; p.kTpo\>, a measure ; m\), the eye] . A differ- ence in the refraction of the two eyes. AnisometTopic (an-is-o-me-trop' -it) [av priv. ; lao;, equal ; pirpov, a measure ; u-^>, the eye]. Affected with anisometropia, Anisopetalous (an-is-o-pef -al-us) [hviao;, unequal ; Ttkra'kov, leaf]. In biology, with unequal petals. ' Anisophyllous((i:»-w-o^''-z7-2«)[&«rof, unequal; ^"Kkm, leaf]. In biology, applied to the leaves of a pair of whorls when they are unequal. Anisopia (an-is-o' -pe-ah) [rmaoq, unequal; &i/), eye]. Inequahty of visual power in the two eyes. Anisopleural (an-is-o-plu' -ral) [aviaog, unequal ; w'Xsvpa, the side]. In biology, bilaterally asym- metric. Anisopogonous {an-is-o-pog' -o-nus) [avLcoi;, unequal; ■Kdyurv, beard]. In biology, applied to feathers the vanes of which are asymmetric. Anisopterous {an-is-op' -ter-us) [avmoq, unequal; VTEpdv, a wing]. In biology, with asymmetric or unequal wings. Anisospore {an-i' -so-spor) [aviao;, unequal ; cndpa, a spore]. In biology, one of the two varieties of spores produced by colonial species of Radiolarians. Anisostemenous (an-is-o-stem' -en-us) [avmo;, un- equal; crfipuii, a thread]. In biology, applied to plants the stamens of which are not of the same num- ber as the petals. Anisosthenic [an-is-o-sthen' -ik) [avtaog, unequal ; fffi^vof, strength]. Not of equal power ; used of pairs of muscles, etc. Anisostomous {an-is-os' -tom-us) [avvaoQ, unequal; crSfia, mouth]. With an irregular mouth or orifice. Anisotropic (an-is-o-trop' -ik) [avcaoQ, unequal ; rp(57rof, turning]. Not possessing the same properties in all directions with respect to light. In biology, varying in irritability in different parts or organs. Anisotropous (an-is-of -ro-pus) [dvi(70f,unequal; rpineiv, to turn]. Not isotropous; not having the same re- fracting power in all directions. A term applied to doubly refracting bodies. Anisum (an'-is-um) [L. ; gen., Anisi']. Anise. The fruit of Anisum pimpinella. Its properties are due to a volatile oil. It is slightly stimulant to the heart action. It is useful chiefly to liquefy bronchial secre- tions, and is therefore a favorite ingredient in cough mixtures. Dose gr. x-xx. A. Aqua, oil of anise I, water 500 parts. Dose indefinite. A. Essentia (B. P.). Dose Tt\_x-xx. A. Oleum, an ingredient in tinct. opii camph. Dose, n^j-v. A. Spt., a ten per cent, solution of the oil in alcohol. Dose, .^i-ij. Anisyl {an'-is-il) [anisum, anise], CgH^O^. A hypo- thetic radicle supposed to be found in anise and its derivatives. Anitrogenous {ah-ni-trof -en-us) [a priv. ; nitrum, niter; yeu^f, producing]. Non-nitrogenous. Anixyus [ah-niks' -e-us) [a priv. ; If {jf, the loins] . In biology, without hips and thighs. Ankle [ang'-kl) [M. E., ancle^ The joint between the tibia and fibula above and on the sides, and the astragalus below. It is a ginglymus joint, with three ligaments, the anterior, internal, and external. A. -bone, the astragalus. A. Clonus, the succession of a number of rhythmic muscular contractions in the calf of the leg, when the limb is extended and the foot flexed suddenly by a pressure upon the sole. It is a symptom of various diseases of the myelon, such as meningo-myelitis. See Reflexes, Table of. A. -jerk. See A, Clonus. A. -joint. See Ankle. In biology, the tarsal joint. A. Reflex. See A. Clonus. Anklet (angk'-kt) [M. E., ««(■/c, strange; /ce^a/l^, the head]. Having a deformed head. Anomalocephalus {an-om-al-o-sef -al-us^ [ava/ia2,og, strange; ke^o/I^, the head]. One who has a deformed head. Anomalogonatous {an-om-al-o-gon' -at-us) [ai'ii/ia/lof, strange ; yomnov, hip-joint] . In biology, said of birds [Passeres) having no ambiens muscle. Anomalous (an-om' -al-us) \hviifmko^, not ordinary]. Irregular ; characterized by deviation from the com- mon or normal order. Anomalus [an-om' -al-us) [aviifia'Ao^, not ordinary]. A muscle or muscular slip sometimes occurring be- neath the levator labii superioris alseque nasi. Anomaly {an-om' -al-e) yavafidkia, irregularity]. A marked deviation from the normal or typical structure or occurrence. Anomobranchiate (an-o-mo-brang' -ke-dt)\avojioQ, irreg- ular; Ppajxta, gills]. In biology, characterized by having anomalous gills. Anomo-carpous (an-o-mo-kar' -pus) \avoyiOq, irregular; Kapvd^, fruit]. In biology, producing anomalous or irregular fruits. Anomocephalus (an-o-mo-sef -al-us) \a priv.; vd/io^, law; KE^oA^, head]. See Anomalocephalus. Anomophyllous (an-o-mof ' -il-us) [d priv.; v6fio^, a law; fi)?',Aov, a leaf]. In biology, with irregularly- arranged leaves. Anomphalous (an-om' -fal-us) \a.v priv. ; b/idiaUc:, navel]. Having no navel, a condition that may result from disease or from a surgical operation. Anomural (an-o-mu' ral) [foo/iof, irregular; ovpd, tail]. In biology, characterized by having a small, irregular tail. Anonychia (an-o-nik' -e-ah) [av priv.; Jto?, nail]. Absence or defect of the nails. Anonym (an' -o-nim) [av&vv/^og, nameless] . In biology, an insignificant or unscientifically formed name. Anonyma (an-on'-im-ah) [av priv.; 6vv/m, name]. The innominate artery. Anonymous (an-on'-im-us) [di^priv.; 6w/j.a, a name]. Nameless. A. Bone. See Innominatum. Anoopsia (an-o-op'-se-ah) [avdi, upward; 6ipig, vision]. Strabismus in which the eye is turned upward. Anophthalma (an-off-thaV -mah). See Anophthalmia. Anophthalmia (an-off-tkal'-me-ah) [au priv.; b^aXii6^, eye]. Congenital absence of the eyes. A. cyclo- pica, a congenital malformation in which the eye- sockel is very ill -developed and the orbit rudimentary or altogether absent. Anophthalmos (an-off-thal ' -mus) [av priv.; b(l>6aX/i6g, eye], i . Congenital absence of the eyes. 2. A person born without eyes. Anopia (an-o'-pe-ah) [av priv.; £>ifi, the eye]. Ab- sence or rudimentary development of the eye. Anopluriform (an-o-plu' -rif-orm) [avoTrAof, unarmed ; ovph, tail; forma, form]. Resembling or related to a louse. Anopsia (an-op' -se-ah) [av priv.; Sipig, vision]. See Amblyopia. Anopsy (an'-op-se). Same as Anopsia. Anopylus (an-o-pi' -lus) [ava, forward; ■Kvkri, a gate]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which there is a strong forward inclination of the foramen magnum. Anorchia (an-or'-ke-ah). See Anorchism.. Anorchism (an'-or-kizm) [avpriv. ; hpxu;, the testicle]. Absence of the testicles. Anorchous (an-or'-kus) [av priv. ; 6p;t;if, the testicle]. Without testicles. Anorchus (an-or'-kus) [o priv.; 6/);t;if, the testicle]. A person in whom the testicles are absent or not de- scended. Anorectic, Anorectous (an-o-rek'-tik, an-o-rek' -tus) [av priv. ; bpt^iq, appetite]. Without an appetite. Anorexia (an-o-rek' -se-aK) [av priv. ; ope^i^, appetite] . Absence or diminution of appetite, occurring in gastric diseases, fevers, and many chronic affections. A., Hysteric. See Apepsia, Hysteric. A. nervosa, an hysteric affection occurring chiefly in young neurotic females. It is characterized by extreme emaciation and a great aversion to food. Anorganic (an-or-gan'-ik) [a priv. ; bpyavov, an organ] . Not containing organs, as the epidermis. Anoriim (an' -or-in) [diiw, upward ; pif, the nose]. A term applied by Lissauer to skulls in which the sub- nasal point lies above the radius fixus taken as a horizontal. Anorophos (an-o' -ro-fos) [a priv. ; bpoipog, a roof]. Not having the skull-cap. AnoTthopia (an-or-tho'-pe-ah) [dvpriv. ; bp86^, straight; bipig, vision], i. A defect in vision in which straight lines do not seem straight, and parallelism or symmetry is not properly perceived. 2. Squinting ; obliquity of vision. Anorthosis (an-or-tho'-sis) [4v priv. ; bpBucig, a making straight] . Absence or defect of erectility. Anosia (an-o' -se-ah) [a priv. ; vbao^, disease]. With- out disease ; normal health. Anosmia (an-oz' -me-ah) [av priv. ; bafiri, smell]. Partial or complete loss of the sense of smell, due either to local disease or disease of the olfactory nerves or bulb. It is associated with impairment or loss of the sense of taste. Anosphrasia (an-os-fra' -ze-ah) [av priv. ; b(!(l>paaia, smell]. Defect or absence of"^ the sense of smell. Anosphresia (an-os-fre' -se-ah). See Anosphresis. Anosphresis (an-os-fre' -sis) [av priv. ; bu, upward ; arbfia, mouth]. Lissauer's term for » skull in which the alveolar point is elevated above the radius fixus, the latter being horizontal. ANOSTOSIS 91 ANTEPECTUS Anostosis (an-os-to'-sis) [hv priv. ; bareov, bone] . De- fective development of bone. Anotus {an-o'-tus) [dv priv. ; oHiq, the ear]. An earless monstrosity. Anovesical {a-no-ves'' -ik-al) [anus, the fundament ; vesica, the bladder]. Pertaining conjointly to the anus and urinary bladder. Anoxyemia (an-oks-e-e' -me-aK) [av priv. ; oxygen ; difia, blood] . An abnormal condition due to the breathing of an insufficient amount of oxygen ; mountain sick- ness ; balloon sickness. Ansa {an'-sah) [L.,a "handle:"//., Ans(2]. A loop or curved structure suggesting by its form the handle of a vessel ; a loop in a nerve, intestine, or vessel, or in a surgeon's thread. A. 'capitis, the zygomatic arch. A., Haller's, the loop formed by the nerve joining the facial and glosso-pharyngeal nerves. A., Henle's. See Henle's Loop. A. hypoglossi, a loop formed at the middle of the neck by the junction of the descendens noni nerve with branches of the second and third cervical nerves. A. of Rail, the name given to that portion of the brain just ventrad of the thalamus. A. sacralis, a loop joining the gan- glion Impar (G. Walteri) with the sympathetic trunks of the two sides. A. of Vieussens, a loop extend- ing from the third cervical ganglion and surrounding the subclavian artery. A. of Wrisberg, the nerve joining the right great splanchnic and right pneumo- gastric nerves. Anserine {an' -ser-in) [anserinus ; anser, a goose]. Resembling a goose. A. Disease, an emaciation of the hands, rendering the tendons unduly prominent, and suggesting the appearance of a goose's foot. A. Skin. See Cutis anserina. Anstie's Test. See Tests, Table of. Ansulate (an' -su-lai) [ansula, a little handle]. The coiled and bent-over extremity of a stem or tendril. Ant-, Anti- {ant- or an'-te) \a.vTi, against]. Prefixes to compound words signifying opposed to, against, counteracting, etc. Antacid {ant-as'-id) [anti, against ; acidus, acid] . A substance counteracting or neutralizing acidity ; an alkali. Antacrid {ant-ak'-rid) [anti, against ; acer, sharp] . Correcting acridity in the secretions. A. Tincture. See Guaiac Mixture, Fenner's. Antadiform {ant-ad' -if-orm) [anti, opposite ; ad, toward; forma, form]. In biology, having the dor- sal and ventral contours inversely similar, as in certain fishes. Antagonism {an-tag' -o-nizm) [avTayuvt^saBai, to strug- gle against]. Opposed activity, as of two sets of muscles or of two remedial agents. Antagonist {an-tag' -o-nist) [avTayomarliq, counteract- ing]. A term applied to a drug that neutralizes the therapeutic effects of another. In anatomy, a muscle that acts in opposition to another. Applied also to diseases that seem to exclude each other. See Drug. A., Associated, a name given to that muscle of a healthy eye that turns the globe in the same direction as the affected muscle of the opposite eye would, if normal, turn the eye to which it belongs. Antagonistic {an-tag-o-nis' -tik) [avrayoviaT^c, counter- acting]. Opposing. A. Drugs, Table of. See Drug. Antalgic {ant-al' -jiK) [avri, against; akyoQ, pain], i. Relieving pain. 2. A remedy relieving pain. Antalkaline {ant-al' -kal-in or -en). An agent neutral- izing alkalies, as acids. Antambulacral (ant-am-bu-la'-kral) [avrt, against; ambulacrum, a walk]. In biology, located opposite or away from the ambulacra. Antaphrodisiac {ant-af-ro-diz' -e-ak) [avri, against ; cuppoSiaia, sexual desire]. I. Lessening the venereal desires. 2. An agent that lessens the venereal im- pulse ; an anaphrodisiac. Antapoplectic (ant-ap-o-plek' -tik") [avri, against ; cmonXri^ia, apoplexy]. Efficient in preventing or treating apoplexy. Antarthritic {ant-ar-thrif -ik") [am, against; apBpinKdg, gouty]. I. Relieving the gout. 2. A medicine for the relief of gout. Antasthenic {ant-as-then' -ik") [avri, against ; aaBivua, weakness]. Tending to correct debility and restore the strength. Antasthmatic {ant-az-mat'-ik) [avri, against; acdfia, short breath]. I. Relieving the asthma. 2. A medicine serving for the relief of asthma. Antatrophic {ant-at-rof'-ik) [avri, against; arpotjila, wasting]. I. Preventing atrophy. 2. A drug that will prevent wasting or atrophy. Antebrachium {an-te-bra' -ie-um) [ante, before ; brachium, the arm]. The forearm. Antechamber {an' -te-cham-ber) [ante, before ; ME. , chamber, a room]. In biology, the space between the guard-cells of a stoma. Antecoxal {an-te-koks'-al) [ante, before ; coxa, the hip joint] . In biology, located anterior to a coxa. Antecurvature {cm-te-ker' -vat-chur) [ante, forward; curvatus, bent]. A forward curvature. Antedisplacement {an-te-dis-plds' -ment") [ante^ for- ward; O. F., desplacer, to put out of place]. For- ward displacement of a part or organ. Antedonin {an-te-don' -in) [Antedon, a crinoid, from av&riSiiv, the Greek medlar]. A pigment obtained from Comatula rosacea, a crinoid echinoderm. Anteflexion {an-te-fiek' -shuri) [ante, before ; flectere, to bend]. A bending forward. A. of Uterus, a condition in which the fundus sinks between the cervix and the neck of the bladder. Antefurca {an-te-fer' -kah) [ante, before ; furca, a fork]. In biology, a Y-shaped chitinous prop affixed to the under surface of the thorax of insects and projecting into the thoracic cavity. Cf. Medifurca and Postfurca. Antegrade {an' -te-grdd) [antegredi, to precede]. Anabolic ; not retrograde or catabolic. Antehelix {an-te-he'-liks). See Anthelix. Antelocation {an-te-lo-ka' -shun) [ante, before ; loctts, a place] . The forward displacement of an organ or viscus. Antembasis {ant-em' -bas-is) [avrtfi^aaig, interlocking]. The setting or locking of bones. Antemetic {ant-e-met'-ik). See Antiemetic. Ante mortem {an'-te mor'-tem) [L.]. Before death. Antenarial {an-te-na' -re-al) [ante, before ; nares, the nostrils] . Situated in front of the nostrils. Antenna {an-ten'-ah) [avreivsiv, to stretch out]. In biology, one of the paired, articulated, sensory appen- dages of the head of an arthropod. One of a pair of long additions to the male flower in certain orchids. Antennaria {an-ten-a' -re-ah). See Everlasting. Anteocular {an-te-ok' -u-lar) [ante, before ; oculus, the eye] . In biology, situated in advance of the eyes. Anteoperculum {an-te-o-per' -ku-lum) [ante, before ; operculum, a lid]. In biology, the Preoperculum , q.v. Anteorbital {an-te-or'-bit-al) [ante, before; orbita, the track of a wheel]. In comparative anatomy, placed in advance of the eyes. Ante partum {an' -te par' -turn) [L.]. Before delivery. Antepectoral {an-te-pek' -tor-al) [ante, before; pectus, the breast] . Placed in front of the chest. Antepectus {an-te-pek' -tus) [ante, before ; pectus, the breast] . In biology, the sternal region of the prothorax. ANTEPHIALTIC 92 ANTHRACENE Antephialtic {ant-ef-e-al' -tik) [avri, against; ifMr^g, nightmare]. Preventive of nightmare. Antepileptic {ant-ep-il-ep' -Hk^ \hvTi, against ; sTriT^'^ipi.g, epilepsy]. Relieving epilepsy. Anteprostatic (an-ta-pros-taf -ik^ \ante, before ; irpoc- TaTj/c:, one who stands before]. Situated before the prostate. A. Glands , certain small accessory glands sometimes found between Cowper's gland and the prostate. Anterethic (an-ter-eth' -iK) \hvTi, against ; kpeBiaftSg, irritation]. Soothing; allaying irritation. Anterior [an-te' -re-or) [anterius, forward]. Situated ventrad or hemad of a corresponding organ, the latter being designated as posterior (or posterius). A. Po- liomyelitis, inflammation in the anterior horns of the spinal cord, giving rise to a characteristic paralysis ; common in children. A. Rotation, the forward turn- ing of the presenting part in labor. Antero- (an'-te-ro-)\anterior, before]. A prefix signify- ing position in front. Anterograde [an'-te-ro-grsd) [anterior, before; gredi, to go]. Proceeding from before ; moving back. Antero-inferior [an' -te-ro-in-fe' -re-or) [anterior, for- ward ; inferior, lower] . Situated in front and below. Antero-lateral {an' -te-ro-lat' -er-al) [anterior, before ; laitis, a side] . In front and to or on one side ; from the front to one side. Antero-parietal (an' -te-ro-par-i' -et-al) [anterior, be- fore ; paries, a wall]. Anterior and also parietal. A Area, the anterior part of the parietal area of the cranium. A. Gyrus, or Convolution, the ascending frontal convolution of the brain. Antero-posterior [an' -te-ro-pos-te' -re-or) [anterior, for- ward; posterior, hiLckvr3.Td]. From before backward. A. Plane. See Median plane. Antero-superior (an' -te-ro-su-pe' -re-or) [anterior, for- ward; superior , ^x^^wc^ In front and above. Anterotic (ant-e-rof -ik) [avTi, against ; epciTixdg, per- taining to love] . Anaphrodisiac. Ante-uterine (an-te-u' -ter-in) [ante, before ; uterus, the womb]. In front of the womb. Anteversion (an-te-ver' -shun) [ante, before ; vertere, to turn]. A turning forward. A. of Uterus, the fundus is bent toward the symphysis pubis, the cervix toward the sacrum. Anthela (an' -the-lah) [avBifkn, the downy plume of the reed]. In biology, an open paniculate cyme. Anthelicine (an-thel' -is-in) [hvQk'ki^, the inner curva- ture of the ear]. Pertaining to the anthelix. Anthelix (anf -he-liks or an' -the-liks) [avQiXi^, the inner curvature of the ear]. The ridge surrounding the concha of the external ear posteriorly. Anthelmintic (an-thel-min' -tik) [avri, against; eXfuvc, a worm]. I. Efficacious against worms. 2. A ver- micide. An agent either killing or rendering power- less intestinal parasites ; a vermifuge expels worms. Anthemis (an' -them-is) [avBtfii^, a flower]. Camo- mile. The flower-heads of A. nobilis, with properties due to a volatile oil, a camphor, and a bitter principle. Useful in coughs and spasmodic infantile complaints. An excellent stomachic tonic. Infusion of giv to Oj, given in doses of ,^j-ij. No official preparations. A., Extract (B. P.), dose gr. ij-x. A., Infus. (B. P.), dose 3J-iv. A. Ol., the volatile oil of camomile. Dose tt\,ij-x, in sugar. Anthemoptyic (ant-hem-op' -te-ik) [kvii, against ; aifia, blood; ■K-iiaig, a spitting]. Checking pulmonary hemorrhage. Anthemorrhagic (ant-hem-or-aj' -ik) [avri, against ; alfia, blood ; payia, a bursting] . Checking or tending to prevent hemorrhage. Anther (an'-ther) [nv0?/p6r, in full bloom]. In biology. the male sexual organ in plants ; the summit and essen- tial part of the stamen. It contains the pollen or fecundating substance of the flower. Antheridia (an-ther-id' -e-ah). Plural of Antheridi- um, q. V. Antheridium (an-ther-id' -e-um) [anthera, anther ; Gr. dim. , iSiov\ . The male or fertilizing organ of higher cryptogams ; the organ that produces antherozoids. Antherozoid (an' -ther-o-zo-id ) [anthera, anther ; zooides, zooid]. In biology, one of the motile fertilizing bodies of higher cryptogams, analogous to the sper- matozoid of animals. The male reproductive cell of cryptogams. Anthesis (an-the' -sis) [avBriaiq, the full bloom of a flower]. The act of flowering ; florescence. Anthocarpous (an-tho-kar' -pus) [av6o(, flower ; Kapndg, fruit]. In biology, applied to collective or accessory fruits characterized by thickened floral envelopes. Anthoclinium (an-tho-klin' -e-um) [hvBo^, flower ; kXimi, a bed]. See Clinanthium. Anthocyanin (an-tho-si' -an-in) [dvfof, flower; Kvavog, blue]. The soluble pigment of blue flowers. Anthodium (an-tho'-de-um) [avdog, a flower ; elSo;, form]. In biology, the so-called "flower" of the Composites, really a capitulum or head of flowers. Anthogenesis (an-tho-jen' -es-is) [roflof, a flower; yivtaiz, production]. In biology, a phase of alterna- tion of generations exhibited by certain hemipterous insects, plant lice, etc. Antholeucin (an-tho-lu'-sin) [avSof , a flower ; /UiJ/tiif , white]. The soluble pigment of white flowers. Antholysis (an-thol' -is-is) [avBog, a flower ; Xiiat^, a breaking up]. In biology, that retrograde metamor- phosis in which the normal character or location of the parts of a flower is altered. Anthony's Fire, St. A popular name for Erysipelas. Anthophilous (an-thoff ' -il-us) [ovSof, a flower ; 0(Xof , loving]. In biology, fond of flowers, as a bee. Anthophore (an' -tho-for) [hvBo^, a flower ; ^kpuv, to bear]. In biology, the stalk that bears the corolla, stamens, and pistil in certain flowers, formed by the elongation of the internode between the calyx and corolla. Anthotaxis (an-tho-taks' -is) [dv0of, a flower; ra^i^, order] . The arrangement of flowers in flower-clusters. Anthoxanthin, Anthoxanthine (an-tho-zan' -thin) [hvQo^, flower; ^avQbq, yellow]. In biology, the yel- lowish pigments of fruits and iiowers. Anthozooid (an-tho-zo' -oid) [hv&oQ, a flower ; fij)" ov, an animal ; eUof, likeness] . A single zooid of the flower- like animals, Actinozoa ; e. g., a coral polyp. Anthracemia (an-thras-e' -me-ah) [hvBpa^, a coal ; oljuo, blood]. Wool-sorter's disease ; splenic fever of animals ; the presence in the blood of Bacillus anthracis, the microbe of true anthrax or malignant pustule. Anthracene (an' -thra-sln) [av6pa^, a coal], C^Hj^. A hydrocarbon formed from many carbon compounds when they are exposed to a high heat; also from coal-tar. It crystallizes in colorless, monoclinic tables, showing a beautiful blue fluorescence ; dis- solves with difficulty in alcohol and ether, but easily in hot benzene ; melts at 213°. It is the base from which artificial alizarin is prepared. A. Colors. See Pigments, Conspectus of. A. Oil, the fraction of coal- tar distilling from 270° C. and over. It consists of that portion of the tar that is made up of bodies possessing the highest boiling points, and is distin- guished from the heavy oil fraction by a separation, on cooling, of solid matters. In it has been found naphthalene, methyl-naphthalene, anthracene, phen- anthrene, methyl-anthracene, pyrene, carbazol, etc. ANTHRACIA 93 ANTHYPOCHONDRIAC Anthracia {an-thra' -se-aK) [avSpaf, a coal]. A name for diseases characterized by the formation of carbun- cles. A. pestis, the plague. A. rubula. Synonym of Frambesia. Anthracic (an-thras' -ik) [avBpa^, a coal]. Pertaining ■ to or of the nature of anthrax. Anthracite [an' -thras-li) \avdpa^, a coal]. A variety of mineral coal containing but little hydrogen, and therefore burning almost without flame. Anthracnosis (an-thrak-no' -sis) \av6pa^, a coal ; vSaog, disease]. Black rot, a fungus disease of vines, caused by the Phoma uvicola, or Sphaceloma ampelium. Anthracoid (an' -thrak-oid) [dvflpaf, coal; eZdof, form]. Resembling anthrax. Anthracometer (an-thrak-om' -et-er) lapOpa^, coal ; fierpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the amount of carbon dioxid in the air. Anthracometry {an-thrak-om' -et-re) [avdpa^, carbon; /lirpov, a measure]. The determination of the amount of carbon dioxid in air. Anthraconecrosis [an-thrak-o-ne-kro' -sis) [avBpa^, coal ; vinpaaif, death] . The necrotic transformation of a tissue into a black mass, as in dry gangrene. Anthracosis [an-thrak-o' -sis) [avBpa^, carbon ; vdaog, disease] . A chronic interstitial pneumonitis with pig- mentation of the lung, in coal-miners. Anthracotyphus {an-thrak-o-W -fiis) [avBpa^, a coal ; Tii^of, smoke, stupor]. Synonym of the Plague. Anthrakokali (an-thrak-o' -kal-e) [avdpa^, coal ; Ar. , gaS, soda ash] . An alkaline powder made by heating powdered mineral coal with a strong solution of caustic potash, with or without sulphur. It is used internally and externally in skin diseases, rheumatism, etc. Unof. Anthranilic Acid {an-thran-il' -iK). See Acid. Anthranol (an' -thran-ol) [avdpa^, coal; oleum, oil], CjjHjjO. A body isomeric with anthrol. It is pro- duced by the careful reduction of anthraquinone with tin and acetic acid. It crystallizes from alcohol in shining needles, melting with decomposition at 165°. Anthraquinone (an-tkra-kwin-on') [_dvdpa^, coal ; Sp. , quina, bark], CijHgOj. Produced by oxidizing an- thracene with HNO3. It sublimes in yellow needles, melting at 277°, soluble in hot benzene and HNO3. Anthrarobin (an-thra-ro' -bin) \avdpa^, coal ; aroba, E. Ind. name for the bark of a leguminous tree]. A derivative of alizarin, similar to chrysarobin. A yellowish-white powder, insoluble in water, but solu- ble in alcohol and dilute alkaline solutions. Useful in psoriasis. Unof. Anthrax (an'-thraks) [dvSpaf, a coal or carbuncle]. I. A carbuncle ; a painful, dark-colored tumor of the cellular tissue, ending in mortification of the part and the discharge of a fetid, bloody pus. The benignant anthrax has no fatal consequences. 2. The true or malignant anthrax, called also malignant pustule, is caused by the infection from animals suffering from splenic apoplexy, and is due to a specific bacillus, which, from a single center, may extend over the body and invade the intestinal tract, producing in this way, or by direct infection of diseased meat, the intestinal type of the disease. See Bacillus (anthrax). 3. The disease called black-leg, or quarter-evil (of sheep, cattle, etc.), is associated with what is ciSX&d. symptom- atic anthrax. It is due to the microorganism called Bacillus chauvai, (Arloing, Comevin and Thomas). A. Fever. Synonym of ./^Ki'/ira.r. A., Internal. See Pustula maligna. A., Symptomatic. See Black-leg. Anthrol ian'-throl) {avQpa^, a coal], C^HuO. A body obtained from anthracene-sulphonic acid. It crys- tallizes in leaflets, dissolving with a yellow color in the alkalies, and in HjSO, with a blue color when heated. Anthrophobia (an-thro-fo' -be-ah). See Anthropophobia. Anthropiatrics (an-thro-pe-af -riks) [fo^puTrof, man ; 'laTptKri, the art of medicine] . Ordinary human (non- veterinary) medicine. Pi.n.ihro'pohio\ogy{an-thro-po-bi-ol'-o-je) [avdpLmoQ, man ; /3j'of , life ; Uyog, word] . The science of the life- history of man. Anthropocholic Acid (an-thro-po-kol ' -ik).. See Acid. Anthropogenesis (an-thro-po-jen' -es-is) [avSpuirof , man ; ysveaic, generation]. The development of man, as a race (phylogenesis) and as an individual [ontogenesis). Anthropogenous (an-thro-poj' -en-us) [av^puTrof , man ; yewls£LV, to produce] . Pertaining to Anthropoge- "nesis. Anthropogeny (an-thro-poj' -en-f) [avdpuiTog, man ; ■yevvdeiv, to produce]. The study or science of the descent of man. Anthropoglot (an'-thro-po-gloi) [dvflpuTrof, man; y'>Ma- aa, the tongue] . Human-tongued, as a parrot. Anthropography (an-thro-pog' -ra-fe) \_av0ptj7rog, man ; ypd(peiv, to write]. A. treatise upon the human struc- ture or organism. Anthropoid (an' -thro-poid) \hvSpwKog, a man; el&og, form]. Man-like, as an ape, or as all primates above the lemuroids. Anthropology (an-thro-pol'-o-je)\av8pairoQ, man; Uyog, discourse]. The science of the nature, physical and psychological, of man and of mankind. Anthropometalism (an-thro-po-met'-al-izm) [dvflpuTrof, man; M..'E. , metal~\. Hypnotismor the like condition, induced by looking at a metallic disc. Anthropometer (an-thro-pom' -et-er) [avBpairog, man ; /lerpoii, a. measure]. An instrument used in anthro- pometry. Anthropometry (an-thro-pom' -et-re) \avBpoTror^, man ; /lETpov, a measure] . The determination of the meas- urement, weight, strength, and proportions of the human body. Anthropomorphic (an-thro-po-mor' -fik) [foSpuTrof, man; p.op(^, form]. Man-like. Anthroponosography (an-thro-po-no-sog' -ra-fe) [avBpa- TTOf, man; voaog, sickness; ypdipem, to write]. A description of the diseases of mankind. Anthropophagy (an-thro-poff' -a-je) [_av6puTrog, man ; (jiayelv, to devour]. I. Cannibalism. 2. Sexual per- version leading to rape, mutilation, and cannibalism. Anthropophobia (an-thro-po-fo' -be-ah) [dvSpuvrof , man ; ^d^oq, fear]. A symptom of mental disease consist- ing in fear of society. Anthropophysiography (an-thro-po-fiz-e-og' -ra-fe) [av- Bpunog, man; ipvaig, nature; ypd^eiv, to write]. The science or description of the natural characters of the human species. Anthroposomatology (an-thro-po-so-mat-ol' -o-je) \dv- Bpawog, man; aafia, body; Adyof, science]. The sum of what is known regarding the human body. ^nthropotomy (an-thro-pof -o-me) [^dvBpuTrog, man ; TO/.i^, section]. Human anatomy, or dissection of the human body. Anthropotoxin (an-thro-po' -toks-in) [dvSptjTrof, man ; to^ik6v, poison]. The toxic substance excreted by the lungs of human beings. Anthropurgic (an-thro-per' -jik) [raflpuTrof , man ; ipyov, work]. Acted upon or influenced by man. Anthydropic (ant-hi-drop'-ik) [dvri, against; v6ap, water]. ESective against dropsy. Anthypnotic (ant- hip-not' -ik) [dvri, against ; vnvoq, sleep]. 1. Preventive of sleep. 2. An agent that tends to induce wakefulness. Anthypochondriac ( ant-hip-o-kon' -dre-ak ) [ ami, against ; v-KoxavSpiaKidg, affected in the hypochond- rium] . Efficient in overcoming hypochondriasis. ANTHYSTERIC 94 ANTIDOTAL Anthysteric [ani-his-ter'-ik') [avri, against ; varipa, the womb] . Overcoming hysteria. Anti- {an'-te-\ (sometimes contracted to ant-') \_avTi, against]. A prefix of compound words signifying counteraction, opposition, etc. Antiaditis {an-ti-ad-i' -tis) [avriaq, a swollen tonsil ; iTi(, inflammation]. Tonsillitis. Antiadoncus (an-ti-ad-ong' -kus) [avTi6,(, a swollen tonsil ; iyKOQ, a heap] . Any tumor or swelling of the tonsils. Antiae (an'-ti-e) \_antiae, the hair growing on the fore- head]. In biology, the frontal points or feathers growing forward on the base of the upper mandible. Antialbumate {an-te-al' -l/u-mat) [avTi, against; alBu- men, white of egg]. Parapeptone; a product of hydrochloric-acid digestion on albumin. The pancre- atic ferment changes it into antipeptone. When treated with acids it is converted into the substance called by Kiihne antialbumidy which is identical with the hemiprotein of Schiitzenberger and the dyspeptone of Meissner, q. v. Antialbumid (an-te-al' -bu-mid^. See Antialbumate. Anti-albumin [an-te-al-bu' -min) [clvtI, against; albu- men, white of egg]. An alleged product of the action of dilute hydrochloric acid upon albumin ; it is probably one of the preformed substances existing in the proteid molecule. The other has been called hemi-albumin. Gastric juice first converts them into anti-albumose and hemi-albumose , and these finally into anti-peptone and hemi-peptone. Anti-albumose [an-te-al-bu' -mos) \_avTiy against ; albumen, white of egg]. One of the albumoses pro- duced by the action of pancreatic juice on albumin. It resembles syntonin or acid albumin, and is con- vertible into antipeptone. Antiaphrodisiac (an-te-af-ro-dis' -e-ak). See Anaphro- disiac. Antiar (an'-te-ar). See Antiarin. Antiarin (an' -te-ar-in) [Javanese, antiar or antschar], Cj^HjoOg -)- 2H2O. The active principle of Antiaris toxicaria or Upas antiar, the Javanese poison-tree. It is used as an arrow poison, and is intensely poisonous. It is a cardiac depressant. Dose gr. y^^. Antiarthritic (an-te-ar-thrW -ik) \hvTi, against ; dpflptrif, the gout]. A remedy against gout. Antiasthmatic (an-te-az-maf -ik) [avrl, against ; aaB/ia, short breath]. Relieving or preventing asthma. Antibacterial (an-te-bak-te'-re-al) [avri, against; paKTTjpia, a staff, stick]. Opposed to the germ theory of disease. Antibacteric (an-te-bak-te' -riK) {avri, against ; paicT^pia, a staff, stick]. Destructive to bacteria. Antibechic (an-te-bek' -Hi) \hvTi, against; /37f, a cough]. I. Alleviating or curing cough. 2. A remedy for cough or hoarseness. Antibilious (an-te-biV -yus) \a,vri, against ; biliosus, full of bile]. Effective against bilious disorders. Antibiotic (an-te-bi-of -ik) \_avTi, against ; fiiog, life] . I. Tending to destroy life. 2. Antagonistic to a belief in life. Antiblenorrhagic (an-te-blen-or-aj' -ik) \avTi, against ; ^Xtvvoq, mucus; priyvufMi, to burst]. Efficient in preventing gonorrhea. Antibrachial (an-te-bra'-ke-al ) \hiiTi, against ; Ppaxiuv, the arm]. Pertaining to the forearm. Antibracnium (an-te-bra'-ke-i/m) [aiTi, again.5t ; fipa- x'"^, the arm]. The forearm; incorrectly antebrachium. Antibromic (an-te-bro' -mik) \b,vri, against ; ppd/^ot:, a stench]. I. Deodorant. 2. A drug that destroys offensive smells. A deodorizer. Anticachectic (an-te-kak-ek' -tik) \avT'i, against ; imKiig, bad; ef(f, habit]. Effective in destroying cachexia. Anticalcareous (an-te-kal-ka'-re-us) {avri, against ; calx, lime]. In veterinary medicine, preventing glanders. Anticalculous {an-te-kaV -ku-lus) \avTi, against; «•«/- <:«/«.(, a pebble]. Good against calculus ; antilithic. Anticarcinomatous (an-te-kar-sin-o' -mat-us) \_avT'i, against ; Kapnivu/ia, cancer]. Preventing carcinoma. Anticardium (an-te-kar'-de-um) [avri, over against ; KapSia, the heart]. The scrobiculus cordis, or pit of the stomach ; the infrastemal depression. Anticarious (an-te-ka' -re-us) \a.vTi, against ; caries, decay]. Preventing decay, as of the teeth. Anticatarrhal (an-te-kat-ar'-al) [avri, against ; nardp- poog, a flowing down]. Counteracting catarrh. Anticausotic (an-te-kaw-sof -ik) [avri, against; Kaiiaoc, heat]. Counteracting fever. Anticaustic (an-te-kaws'-tik) \avTi, against ; KavaTLKjbq, caustic] . Arresting the action of a caustic agent. Antichirotetanus (an-te-ki-ro-tef -an-us) [^aurixeip, the thumb ; Ttravog, spasm]. Same as Antichirotonus. Antichirotonous (an-te-ki-rof -o-nus) \avTixup, the thumb; tSvoq, convulsive tension]. Affected with or manifesting antichirotonus. Antichirotonus (an-te-ki-rof -o-nus) [dt'ri;fe(p, thumb; rSvog, tension]. Forcible and steady inflection of the thumb, seen in or before some attacks of epilepsy. Antichlorotic (an-te-klo-rof -ik) [avri, against ; x^- pdrrig, greenness]. Counteracting chlorosis. Anticholeric (an-le-kol-er' -ic) \hvrL, against ; ;|;o/l^p(i, cholera]. Good against cholera. Anticholerin (an-te-kol' -er-in) \avTi, against ; x°^P'^i cholera]. A product isolated by Klebs from cultures of cholera-bacilli, and thought to be bactericidal, curative, and immunifying. Anticipating (an-tis' -Ip-a-ting) [anticipare, to take before]. Applied to the occurrence of periodical phe- nomena in disease or health, before their customary time, as in intermittent fever or the catamenia. Anticlinal (an-te-kli'-nal) [avTt, against ; Mveiv, to slope]. Sloping in opposite directions. A. Vertebra, in man, the tenth thoracic vertebra, where the thoracic vertebrae begin to assume the characters of the lumbar. Anticnemion [an-tik-ne'-me-on) [dvri, against ; Kvi//iJi, leg] . The shin or front of the leg. Anticolic (an-te-kol' -ik) \avTi, against; rumk^i, colic]. Efficacious against colic. Anticontagious (an-te-kon-ta' -jtis) [avri, against ; con- tagiosus, contagious]. Counteracting contagion. Anticonvulsive (an-te-kon-vul' -siv) \o.vt'i., against ; con- vulsus, convulsed]. Effective against convulsions. Anticopometer (an-te-ko-pom' -et-er) [annnowT!, reson- ance ; fiirpov, a measure] . A pleximeter. Anticous (an-ti'-kus) [anticus, that which is in front]. In biology, turned toward the center of the flower, as introrse anthers. Anticritical (an-te-krit'-ik-al) [avri, against; Kp'iatq,a. crisis]. Preventing the crisis of a disease. Anticryptic (an-te-krip' -tic) \_avTi, against ; Kpinrreiv, to hide, to keep secret] . In biology, applied to such mimetic colors as enable animals to approach their prey, as in the frog, Ceratophrys comuta. Anticus (an-ti'-kus) [anticus, that in front]. Anterior, in front of. Antidiarrheal (an-te-di-ar-e'-al) [avri, against ; diappelv, a flowing through] . Preventing or overcoming diarrhea. Antidigestive (an-te-di-jes' -tiv) [avri, against ; digestio, digestion]. Preventing the proper digestion of the food. Antidinic (an-ie-div'-ik) [avri, against; dii'of, a whirl]. Curing or preventing vertigo. Antidotal (an-te-do'-tal) [avri, against ; SiSovai, to give]. Of the nature of an antidote. ANTIDOTE 95 ANTIMONIUM Antidote {an'-te-ddt) [avri, against; SlSovaL, to give]. An agent preventing or counteracting the action of a poison. The official A., Arsenical, of the German Pharmacopeia is prepared by dissolving loo parts of the hydrated sulphate of iron in 250 parts, of vifater, to which add (without heat) 15 parts of burnt mag- nesia and 250 parts of water. A., Chemical, changes the chemical nature of the poison so that it becomes insoluble or harmless. A., Mechanical, prevents absorption by holding the poison in mechani- cal suspension or by coating the stomach. A., Physiological, supplies its own peculiar and neutraliz- ing effect upon the system. A., Universal, a mixture of one part of dissolved iron sulphate in two parts of magnesia water. See Drug. Antidotum (an-tid'-o-tum). See Antidote. Antidromy (an-tid' -ro-m'e) \avTi, against; Spajielv, to run]. In biology, having a spiral arrangement the opposite of that of contiguous parts. Cf. Heterodromy. Antidynamic {an-te-di~nam^ -ik) \avTi, against ; dvvaiLi^, force] . Weakening ; depressing. Antidyscratic (an-te-dis-kraf -iH) \avTi, against ; Sva- Kpaaia, bad temperament] . Tending to overcome, as a dyscrasia. Antidysenteric {an-te-dis-en-ter'-ik') [ovti, against ; SvBEvrspia, dysentery]. I. Serviceable against dys- entery. 2. A remedy for dysentery. Antidysuric {an-te-dis-u' -rik) [hvTi., against ; dvaovpia, diiBcult micturition]. Relieving dysury. Antiemetic {an-te-e-mef -ik') \avTi, against ; e/iETm6g, causing vomit] . Preventing emesis ; relieving nausea. A. Root. See Adrue. Antifat {an'-te-fat) . See Fucus vesiculosus. Antifebrile [an-te-feb' -rW) \hvTi, against ; febris, a fever] . An -agent reducing a fever ; a febrifuge. Antifebrin [an-te-feb' -rin) \avri, against ; febris, a fever], CjHj. CjHjO. NH. Phenyl-acetamid acetanil- id. A white, crystalline powder insoluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol. An antipyretic more power- ful than quinin. Its effects are manifest in one hour, passing away in 3-10 hours. It is efficacious in fevers characterized by high temperature, and also is a valu- able analgesic and antispasmodic. Dose gr. iv-xv. Unof. A., Bromated. See Antisepsin. Antiferment [an-te-fer' -ment) \a.vTi, against ; fermen- tum, leaven] . An agent that prevents fermentation. Antigalactagogue ian-te-gal-ak' -ta-gog) [avri, against ; y&Xa, milk; ayayog, leading]. Same as Antigalactic. Antigalactic (an-te-gal-ak' -tik) [am, against ; yoXa, milk]. I. Lessening the secretion of milk. 2. A drug that lessens the secretion of milk. Antigeny [an-tif -en-e) [avri, against; yevog, race]. In biology, existing in two distinct sexual forms. Antiguggler {an-te-gug'-ler) [avTi, against; gurgle^. A tube inserted into the mouth of a bottle to prevent the splashing or gurgling of liquid that is poured out. Antihectic {an-te-kek'-tik) [avri, against ; cKTMdg, con- sumptive]. A remedy preventing or overcoming a hectic condition. Antihelix [an-te-he'-lik). See Anthelix. Antiherpetic (an-te-her-pef -ik) [avri, against; 'ipi^rig, herpes] . Preventing herpes. Antihidrotic [an-te-hi-drof -ik) [avH, against ; idp<^g, sweat]. 1. Diminishing the excretion of sweat. 2. An agent lessening the secretion of sweat. Antihydropic {an-te-hi-drop'-ik). See Anthydropic. Antihydropin • {an-te-hi' -dro-pin) [avri, against ; vSap, water]. A crystalline principle obtainable from the common cockroach, Blatta (Periplaneta) orientalis, said to be a good diuretic. Formerly used in dropsy. Anti-icteric (an-te-ik-ter' -ik) [avri, against; luTepog, jaundice]. Serviceable against jaundice. Antikamnia ian-te-kam' -ne-ah) [avri, against ; Kafiveiv, to suffer pain]. A proprietary remedy said to be com- posed of sodium bicarbonate, antifebrin, and caffein. Used as a nervin in doses of gr. v-x. Unof. Antikol {mt'-tik-ol). A proprietary antipyretic mixture said to contain acetanilid, soda bicarbonate and tar- taric acid. Antilemic, or Antiloemic [an-te-k' -mik) , or Antiloimic (an-te-loi' -mik) [avri, against; TvOifxig, the plague]. Efficacious against the plague or other pestilence. Antilepsis (an-til-ep' -sis) [avT'Ckri'^ig , a receiving in re- turn] . The treatment of disease by the application of the remedy to a healthy part ; revulsive treatment. Antileptic (an-til-ep' -tik) [avTiTiT/ijiig , a receiving in return]. Revulsive. Antilithic [an-te-lith' -ik) [ai^ri, against; Xidog, a stone]. I. Efficacious against calculus. 2. An agent pre- venting the deposit of urinary calculi or sediment. Antilobium [an-te-lo' -be-um) [avri, against ; 'ho^bg, the lobe of the ear] . The tragus or part of the ear oppo- site the lobe. Antiloemic. See Antilemic. Antiluetic (an-te-lu-ef -ik) [avri, against ; lues, the plague; syphilis]. Efficacious against syphilis. Antilyssic [an-te-lis' -ik) [avri, against ; Vtiaaa, rabies]. I. Tending to cure rabies. 2. A remedy for rabies. Antilytic [an-te-lit' -ik) [avri, against ; Aiietv, to loosen]. Antiparalytic. Antimaniacal [an-te-ma-ni' -ak-al) [hvTL, against; /lavia, madness]. Overcoming insanity. Antimephitic (an-te-mef-W -ik) [avri, against ; mephitis, a pestilential exhalation]. Efficacious against foul exhalations or their effects. Antimere (an' -te-mer) [avri, against ; fiipog, a part]. Any one of the segments of the body that are bounded by planes typically at right angles to the long axis of the body. Antimiasmatic (an-te-mi-as-maf -ik) [avri, against; /liaa/ia, exhalation]. Preventive of malaria. Antimicrophyte (an-te-mik' -ro-flt) [avri, against ; /UKp6g, small ; vr6v, plant]. A germicide. Antimonial (an-te-mo' -ne-al) [antimonium, a.ntiraoDy']. Containing antimony. Antimonic (an-te-mon'-ik) [antimonium, antimony]. A term applied to those compounds of antimony that correspond to its higher oxid. Antimonii (an-te-mo' -ne-i). Gemtive ai Antimonium, q. v. Antimonious (an-te-mo' -ne-us) [antimonium, anti- mony] . A term noting those compounds of antimony that correspond to its lower oxid. Antimonium (an-te-mo' -ne-um) [h. , gen ., Antimonii]. Sb = 122 ; quantivalence I, III, v. A non-metal, having a metallic luster. Only the combinations are used in medicine. Antimonial salts are cardiac de- pressants and promote rapid excretion of waste pro- ducts of the body ; in large doses they produce vomit- ing and purging, with symptoms similar to those of cholera. They are valuable in inflammatory ailments of the respiratory organs, puerperal peritonitis and muscular rheumatism. A. chlorid., SbClj, the "but- ter" of antimony; a strong caustic. Unof. A. Comp., Pil., Plummer's pills, contain calomel and antimony sulphuratum, aa gr. ss. A. oxid., Sb203; soluble in hydrochloric and tartaric acids. Dose gr. j-ij. A. oxychlorid., the "powder of algaroth " ; now little used. Unof A. et Potass, tartras, (A. tartaratum) (B. P.), 2KSbOC4H^Ofi.H.p, tartrate of antimony and potassium, " tartar emetic." Dose gr. x\~X- ^' pulvis, powder of antimony, James' powder, consists of antimonious oxid 33, and calcium phosphate, 67 parts. A prompt diaphoretic. Dose gr. iij-viij. In larger doses, emetic and cathartic. ANTIMYCOTIC 96 ANTIPYRIN A. sulphid, SbjS,, black sulphid of antimony. Dose gr. )^-]. A. sulphuratum, the sulphid with a small but indefinite amount of the oxid. Dose gr. j-v. A. sulph. purificatum. Dose gr. jjf'-j. Syr. Scillae Comp., Cox's hive mixture, hive syrup. Each ^j contains gr. ^ of tartar emetic. Dose H\,v-gj cautiously. A. tartarato, Ung. (B. P.), one part of tartar emetic to five of simple ointment. A. vinum, wine of antimony, boiling water 60, tartar emetic 4, stronger white wine 1000 parts. A good expectorant. Dose tr\,v-xv. Antimycotic [an-te-mi-kof -ili) [avH, against ; fivuri^, a fungus]. IDestructive of fungal microorganisms. Antinarcotic [an-te-nar-kot^ -ik^ \_avri, against ; vdpio)- aig, a benumbing]. Preventing narcosis. Antinephritic {an-te-nef-rif -ik) lavri, against ; vefpdg, the kidney ; (rtf, inflammation] . Preventing or cura- tive of renal disease. Antinervin {an-te-ner'-vin) [avTi, against ; nervus, a tendon or nerve]. Salbromalid, a mixture of brom- acetanilid and salicylanilid ; used for the relief of neuralgia. Unof. Antineuralgic [an-te-nu-raV -jik') \h.vTi, against ; veiipov, a nerve ; dAyof, pain]. Overcoming neuralgia. Antineurotic {an-te-nu-rof -ik) \_a.vTl, against ; vevpov, a nerve]. A remedy of service in nervous diseases. Antiniad {an-tin' ~e-ad ) \hvri, against ; Xv'iov, the nape of the neck]. Toward the antinion ; glabellad. Antlnial [an-tin' -e-al^ \av7'i, against; mov, the nape of the neck]. Pertaining to the antinion. Antinien {an-tin' -e-en) \avTi, against : ''m'mv, the nape of the neck]. Belonging to the antinion in itself. Antinion {an~tin^ -e~on) [avri, against ; cvloVj the nape of the neck]. See Craniometrical Points. Antiodont {an'-te-o-dont) [avTi, opposite to ; bdovc, tooth], A form of dentition in which the crown ridges of the molar teeth are opposite, instead of alternate as in amebodont dentition. Antiodontalgic (an-te-o-don-tal' -jik) [^avrl, against; bSoiig, tooth; aXyoq, pain]. Curative of toothache. Antiorgastic (an-te-or-gas' -tik) \hvTi, against ; bpyanjib^, swelling, excitement]. Anaphrodisiac. Antiopelmous (an-te-o-peV -mus) [_a,vTiog, set against ; 7rM/xa, the sole]. In biology, characterized by having the flexor perforans supply the third toe only and the flexor hallucis the first, second and fourth toes. Cf. Sympelmous ^ Heteropelmous. Antiparasitic [an-te-par-as-if -ik) [avri, against ; vapa- aiToc, a parasite]. I. Destroying parasites. 2. An agent destroying or preventing increase of parasites. Insecticide. Antiparastatitis {an-te-par-as-tat-i' -tis) [avri, over against; napaardTTjQ, a testicle]. Inflammation of Cowper's glands. Antipathetic [an-te-path-ef -ik) [airt, against ; ■koBoi;, feeling, i.e., antipathy or constitutional aversion]. In biology, applied to plants not easily grafted. Antipathic {an-te-palh' -ik) [avH, against ; Trdfof, dis- ease]. A synonym of allopathic, both terms alike being rejected by the advocates of rational medi- cine. Antipathy {an-tip' -a-the) [avri, against ; iriBoQ, affec- tion]. Aversion ; an opposing property or quality. Antipeduncular (an-te-pe-dung' -ku-lar) \avTi., against ; pedunculus, a little foot]. In biology, placed opposite a peduncle. Anti-peptone (an-te-pep' -ton) [avri, against ; Trinreiv, to cook, digest]. A variety of peptone formed in the pancreatic digestion, and incapable of further peptonic change. Antiperiodic {an-te-pe-re-od' -ik) \b.vTL, against ; irepioSo^, a paroxysm] . I . Efiicacious against periodic attacks of disease. 2. A remedy against periodic disease, especially intermittent fever. Quinin is the best known. A. Tincture. See JVarburg's Tincture. Antiperistalsis (an-te-per-is-tal' -sis) [avri, against ; TTepi, around ; (rrdAmf, compression]. Reversed peristalsis ; inverted or upward peristaltic action. Antiperistaltic [an-te-per-is-tal' -tik) [avri, against ; nep'i, around ; aToKciq, compression] . Relating to antiperistalsis. Antipestilential (an-te-pes-til-en' -shal) [avri, against ; pestilentia, the plague]. Counteracting the influence of the plague. Antipetalous [an-te-pet' -al-us) \avTi, against ; teto/Iov, a leaf]. In biology, inserted opposite to, instead of alternate with, the petals. Antipharmic (an-te-far' -mik) . Ste Alexipharmac. Antiphlogistic [an-te-flo-jis' -tik) [avri, against ; ^/Idyumf, inflammatory heat], i. Counteracting or directed against fever. 2. An agent subduing or reducing inflammation or fever. A. Treatment, consists in bloodletting, the application of cold, administration of antipyretics, etc. Antiphysic {an-te-fiz'-ik) \hvTi, against ; i^vaa, wind]. Carminative ; overcoming flatulence. Antiplastic [an-te-plas' -tik) [avri, against; nMaasiv, to form] . I . Unfavorable to granulation or the heal- ing process. 2. An agent impoverishing the blood. Antipieuritic (cm-te-plu-rit'-ik) [avri, against ; ttXevplTiq, pleurisy]. Overcoming pleurisy. Antipneumonic {an-te-nu-mon' -ik) \hvTi, against ; TTvevfLovia, pneumonia]. Of value in treating pneu- monia. Antipneumotoxin {an-te-nu-mo-toks'-in). See Pneu- viotoxin. Antipodagric [an-te-po-dag' -rik) \hvTi, against ; vrodd- 7/3(2, gout in the feet]. Efiicacious against gout. Antipodal Cells [cm-tip' -o-dal) lavri, opposite ; irdv;, foot]. A term applied to a group of four cells formed in the lower end of the embryo-sac opposite to the cells constituting the egg-apparatus. Antipoison [an' -te-poi-zn) [avri, against; 'iAY,., poi- soun, a potion]. A counter poison. Antipraxia [an-te-praks' -e-ah) [avri, against ; irpaGaetv, to do]. Antagonism of functions or of symptoms. Antiprostate [an-te-pros'-tat). See Anteprostate. Antipruritic [an-te-pru-rif -ik) \avT'L, against ; pruritus, itching]. I. Relieving the sensation of itching. 2. A drug that relieves the sensation of itching. Antipsoric [an-tip-so' -rik) \avTi, against; ■^Cipa, the itch]. Efl'ective against the itch. Antiputrefactive [an-te-pu-tre-fak' -tiv). 'Ae.^ Antiseptic. Antipyic [an-te-pi' -ik) \avTi, against; -Kvmi, pus]. Checking or restraining suppuration. Antipyresis [an-te-pi-re' -sis) [avri, against ; m^pkccuv, to be feverish]. The employment of antipyretics in fever. Antipyretic [an-te-pi-ref -ik) [avri, against ; wpir6%, fever]. I. Cooling; lowering the temperature. 2. An agent reducing the temperature of fever ; any antifebrile medicine, or febrifuge. Most such also reduce the normal bodily temperature slightly. They act either by preventing oxidation processes, or en- couraging the radiation of heat. Antipyrin [an-te-pi' -rin) \hvri, against ; ■KvpsT6^, fever], CjdHjjNjOj. Phenazonum. Dimethyl-oxy-chinicin. An alkaloidal product of the destructive distillation of coal-tar. It may be produced by heating acetoacetic ester with methyl-phenyl hydrazin. It is a grayish or reddish-white crystalline powder, slightly bitter, solu- ble in water, alcohol, and chloroform, and crystallizes from ether in shining leaflets, melting at 113°. Adult dose gr. v-xv every hoiir for two or three hours. It ANTIPYROTIC 97 ANTITRAGUS reduces the temperature three to five degrees in fevers, causes sweating, at times vomiting, but no serious result. Aritipyrin is incompatible with, nitrous com- pounds. It is a powerful antipyretic, a local anesthe- tic, and a general analgesic. It is efficient in hyper- pyrexia from any cause, and in rheumatism. Injectio antipyrin hypodermica, gr. j in fTLij. Dose ti\,viij-xxx. Aritipyrotic \an-te-pi-rol' -ik) [ovt/, against ; vupaaLg, a burning]. I. Efficacious against burns. 2. An agent curative of burns. Antirabic {(in-te-rab' -ik) \_avT'i, against ; rabies, mad- ness]. Eifective against rabies ; antagonistic to rabies. Antirhachitic [an-ie-rak-if -ik) [avri, against ; pa-XK, the spine]. Serviceable against rickets. Antirheumatic [an-te-ru-mai' -ik) [avr't, against ; pev- /iariKdg, of or pertaining to a flux]. Relieving or curing rheumatism. Antirrhinum [an-te-ri' -nuni) [L.]. A genus of scro- phulariaceous plants. A.linaria. Called also Zzw^n'a vulgaris. Toad-flax, Ramsted, Butter-and-Eggs ; a herbaceous plant of Europe and North America ; diuretic, cathartic, and irritant ; used as a poultice and fomentation. Unof. Antiscolic (an-te-skol' -ik) \hvri, against ; onOikii^, a worm]. Vermifuge. See Anthelmintic. Antiscorbutic {an-te-skor-bu' -tik) \_avTi, against ; scor- butus, scurvy]. I. Effective against scurvy. 2. A remedy for or preventive of scurvy ; such are mainly vegetable acids. Antisecosis (an-te-sek-o' -sis) \avTi., against; arjuduv, to weigh, balance]. I. A restoration to health, strength, etc. 2. Regulation of the food. Antisepalous [an-te-sef -al-us) [avr'i., against ; Fr. , sipaie']. In biology, placed opposite the sepals. Antisepsin (an-te-sep' -sin) \_avTi, against ; af/ipig, putre- faction], CgHjBrNHCjHjO. Asepsin ; bromated antifebrin ; soluble in alcohol and ether. Recom- mended for use as an antipyretic and analgesic but is dangerous as a febrifuge. It has antiseptic properties. Dose gr. j, four times daily. Antisepsis [an-te-sep' -sis) [avri, against ; cqiptg, putre- faction] . Exclusion of the germs that cause putrefac- tion ; the totality of measures taken to prevent septic poisoning. Antiseptic [an-te-sep' -tic) [avri, against ; arj'^tq, putre- faction]. I. Having power to prevent or destroy putrefaction, or, what is the same thing, the bacteria upon which putrefaction depends. 2. A remedy or agent that prevents a septic process. The principal in use are corrosive sublimate, creolin, carbolic acid, iodoform, thymol, salicylic acid, boric acid, etc. A. Gauze, open cotton cloth charged with carbolic acid, resin, and paraffin. A. Ligature, catgut or other material rendered aseptic by soaking in antiseptic solutions. The antiseptic treatment of wounds looks to thorough asepsis and antisepsis as regards the wound, the instruments, the operator's hands, the dressings, etc. See, also, Listerian Method. Antisepticism {an-te-sep' -tis-izm) [avri, against ; (T//fig, putrefaction]. The theory or systematic employment of antiseptic methods. Antisepticize {an-te-sep' -tis-lz) [avrl, against; c^iptCy putrefaction]. To render antiseptic; to treat with antiseptics. Antiseptin {an-te-sep' -tin) [dvri , against ; a^i/'if, putre- faction]. Zinc boro-thymate iodid. Consists of 85 parts zinc sulphate, 2.5 parts each of zinc iodid and thymol, and ten parts boric acid. An antiseptic. Unof. Antiseption {an-te-sep' -shun) [avn, against ; ai/ifne, putrefaction]. Same as Antisepsis. Antiseptol {an-te-sep' -tol) \_avTi, against ; aij-^nq, putre- 7 faction]. Cinchonin iodosulphate. An odorless and fairly effective substitute for iodoform. Antisialagogue {an-te-si-al' -a-gog) \avT'i, against ; oiafMv, spittle ; ayuyoq, leading] . I . Acting against ptyalism. 2. A remedy or a medicine that is effective against salivation. Antisialic {an-te-si-al' -ik) \avTi, against ; aiakav, saliva]. I. Checking the flow of saliva. 2. An agent that checks the secretion of saliva. Antispadix {an-te-spa' -diks) \n.vTl, against ; awaSi^, a palm branch]. In biology, a group of four tentacles on the right side of the male Nautilus, the spadix, an organ analogous to the hectocolylised arm, being on the left side. Antispasis {an-tis' -pas-is) \hvTi, against ; ffTrdav, to draw]. Revulsion; revulsive treatment. Antispasmodic [nn-te-spas-mod' -ik) [avri, against ; UTTaafioQ, a spasm], i. Tending to relieve spasm. 2. An agent allaying or relieving convulsions or spas- modic pains, as the narcotics, the nitrites, etc. Antispastic {an-te- spas' -tik) \hvri, against ; avaarLKAg, drawing], i. Revulsive; counter-irritant. 2. Anti- spasmodic. 3. A revulsive agent. 4. That which counteracts spasm. An antispasmodic. Antisplenetic {an-te-splen-ef -ik) \o,vTi, against ; splen, the spleen] . Remedial in diseases of the spleen. Antistasis {an-tis' -tas-is) \hm, against ; crdcn;, a. standing]. Opposition ; opposing effect. Antistrumatic {an-te-stru-mat'-ik). Same as Anti- strumous. Antistrumous {an-te-stru' -mus) \hvTi, against ; struma, a scrofulous tumor]. Effective against struma or scrofula. Antisudorific {an-te-su-dor-if'-ik) \hvTL, against ; sudor, sweat; facere, to make]. Checking the excretion of sweat. Antisyphilitic {an-te- sif-il-it'-ik) [avri, against ; Syphi- lus, a Latin proper name]. I. Effective against ■ syphilis. 2. A remedy directed against, or used for the relief of, syphilis. Usually an alterative. Antithenar {an-tith' -en-ar) \a.vTl, against; divap, the hollow of the hand or foot]. I. Opposite to the thenar., 2. A muscle that extends the thumb, or opposes it to the hand : an antithenar muscle. A. Eminence, the border of the palm of the hand from the base of the little finger to the wrist. A. Muscles, of the toe and of the thumb : the abductor pollicis pedis, and the flexor brevis pollicis manus ; also, the first dorsal interosseous muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Antithermic {an-te-iher' -mik) \a.vTi, against ; Bepjirj, heat] . Cooling ; antipyretic. Antithermin {an-te-ther'-min) [avri,, against; BEp/iij, heat], CjjHjjOjNj. Phenylliydrazin-levulinic acid, a coal-tar derivative used in four to eight grain doses as an antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. It is apt to give rise to gastralgia. Unof Antitoxic {an-te toks'-ik) \avTi, against ; to^ik&v, poison]. Antidotal ; counteracting poisons. Antitoxin {an-te-toks' -in) \hvTi, against ; toxin, a toxic ptomaine; Tof t/cdv, poison]. A substance formed in the body of animals, either naturally or in consequence of inoculation with some pathogenic bacteria, th.it neutralizes the toxic products of these organisms. Antitragic {an-tit-raf -ik) [diTj, opposite to ; rpayog, the tragus]. Pertaining to the antitragus. Antitragicus {an-tit-raf -ik-us) \hvTL, opposite to ; r/joyof, the tragus]. Pertaining to the antitragus. A. Muscle, a mere rudiment in man; it arises from the antitragus, and extends to the cauda of the helix. Antitragus {an-tit'-ra'j;-us) \hvT'i, opposite to; rpdyog, the tragus]. An eminence of the external ear opposite the tragus. ANTITROCHANTER 98 AORTIC Antitrochanter [an-te-tro-kan' -ter) \hvri, opposite to ; TpoxavTijp, the head of the hip bone]. An articulating surface on the ilium for the great trochanter. Antltrope [an'-te-trop) [avri, against ; TpCTEw, to turn]. Any organ set over against another to form a symmet- ric pair. Thus, the right eye is an antitrope to the left. Antituberculotic (an-te-iu-ber-ktt-lot' -ik) [nvr/, against ; tubercuhim, a tubercle]. Good against tuberculosis. Antitype [iin^-te~ilp) [dvr/, against, corresponding to ; Tvwog, a type]. In biology, same as Antitrope. Antivaccinationist (^an-te-vak-sin-a'-shun-ist) [avri, against; vaccinus, of a cow.]. One who opposes vaccination. Antivaccinist {an-te-vak' -sin-ist'). Same as Antivacci- nationist. Antivenerie [an-te-ven^ -in) \_avT'iy against; venenuni^ poison]. A term given to the blood-serum of animals rendered immune against snake-poison, on account of its antidotal properties. Antivenereal [an-te-ven-e^ -re-aV) \(ivri^ against ; vene- reus, pertaining to Venus, or to sexual intercourse]. Antisyphilitic ; anaphrodisiac. Antivivisectionist ■ [an-te-viv-is-ck' -skun-ist) [avri, against; vivus, living; sectio, a cutting.] One who opposes the practice of vivisection. Antizootic (an-te-zo-o'-tik) [avri, against ; C,dov, ani- mal]. A substance poisonous or injurious to animals. Antizymic, Antizymotic {nn ■ te - zi'- mik, an-te- zi- mot'-ik) \a.vTi, against; Cvfjuacc, fermentation]. i. Preventing or checking fermentation. 2. An agent preventing the process of fermentation ; an antiferment. Antlia (fl«^'-/(?-fl'^) [am, up ; r^ae/v, to lift]. A syringe or pump. In biology, the flat spiral, suctorial tube or proboscis of lepidopterous insects. A. lactea, a pump for drawing milk from the breast. A. mammaria, same as A. lactea. Antodontalgic [an-to-don-taV -jik). See Antiodontalgic. Antophthalmic [attt-off -thai' -mik) [avri, against ; baK6g, the crystalline lens] . Relating to or affected with aphacia. Aphaeresis (af-er'-es-is). See Apheresis. Aphagia [ah-fa'-je-ah) [a priv. ; ^ayziv, to eat]. Inabil- ity to eat or to swallow. Aphakia (ah-fa' -ke-aK) [a priv. ; ijiaicdg, a lentil, the crystalline lens]. The condition of an eye without the lens, whether the result of congenital defect, luxation, traumatism, or cataract operation. Aphakic (ah-fa' -kik) [a priv. ; ^a/ciif , the lens] . Having no lens, as the eye after the removal of a cataract. Aphalangiasis {ah-fa-lan-je' -as-is) [a priv. ; ^aXay^, a line of battle ; phalanx] . The loss or absence of fingers and toes, as in leprosy. Cf. Ainhum. Apharyngeal [ah-far-in' -Je-al) [a priv. ; (papvl^, throat] . In biology, without a pharynx. Aphasia (ah-fa' -ze-ah) [a priv. ; e'AK£cv, to draw away]. Absent-minded ; lost in reverie. Aphelxia (af-elks' -e aK) \a.^i7iKUV, to draw away]. Absence of mind ; inattention to external impres- sions. Aphemia (ah-fe' -me-ah) [a priv. ; (fiiiizT), voice]. Motor aphasia; inability to articulate words or sentences, from focal and not from peripheral disease of the organs of speech {Alalia). This term is variously used ; sometimes it is equivalent to aphasia ; some- times it means loss of voice, from local causes ; some- times hysterical or wilful refraining from speech. See Aphasia. Aphevaic [ah-fem'-ii) l^a priv . ; ^|U7, voice]. Relating to or affected with aphemia. Aphephobia (af-e-fo' -be-ah) [(i0^, touch ; ^iS/3of , fear] . Hyperesthetic dread of contact with other persons. Apheresis, of Aphxresis {af-er' -es-is) [aw6, away ; aipfiv, to take] . Removal; amputation; abstraction, as of blood. Apbeter {af'-e(-er) [_a -thro-pe) [a priv. ; i^Auv, to love ; hvQpimo^, man] . Absence of social feeling ; a frequent sign of approaching melancholia. Aphonia {ah-fo' -ne-ah) [a priv.; (^uvfi, voice]. I. Dumbness, due to some peripheral lesion. 2. Hysteri- cal, or paralytic absence of the power of speech. 3. Voicelessness. Aphonic (ah-fon'-ik) [a priv. ; 0wv^, voice]. Speech- less ; dumb ; voiceless. Apheresis (ah-for-e' -sis) [a priv. ; (fidprini^, bearing (by error for Apheresis) ] . I . .Separation or ablation of a part, either by excision or amputation. 2. Lack of the power of endurance, as of pain. Aphoria {ah-fo' -re-ah) [d priv. ; ^kptiv, to bear]: Sterility ; unfruitfulness. Aphrasia {ah-fra'-ze-ah) [d priv. ; ^pa(,uv, to utter]. Absence of the power to utter connected phrases. Aphrodisia {af-ro-diz' -e-ah) \a^poSiala, venery]. Sex- ual desire, especially when morbid, or immoderate ; sexual congress. Aphrodisiac {af-ro-diz' -e-ak) \h^po&ioLa, venery]. i. Stimulating the sexual appetite ; erotic. 2. An agent stimulating the sexual passion. Aphtha {af'-thah) [m^a, an eruption]. An eruption; an ulcer. Aphthae {af'-the) [d^Sa, an eruption]. Also called Aphthous stomatitis. Small white ulcers, spots or vesicles of the mouth, chiefly occurring in children under three years of age, and generally associated with some febrile affection. Itmust not be confounded with thrush, in which disease the spots are smaller and are due to the presence of the parasitic fungus characteris- tic of that disease. A., Bednar's, two symmetri- cally placed ulcers seen on the hard palate of certain cachectic infants near the velum, one on either side of the mesial line. The prognosis is exceedingly grave. A., Cachectic, aphthae appearing beneath the tongue, and associated with grave constitutional symptoms ; Riga's disease. Aphthaphyte {af'-thah-fit) . See Aphthophyte. Aphthenxia {af-thengks' -e-ah) [d priv. ; (j/Biy^i^, utter- ance]. A form of aphasia with impaired expression of articulate sounds. Aphthoid {af -ihoid) [dfiSa, an eruption]. Like or re- sembling aphthae. Aphthongia {af-thong' -ge-aK) [d priv. ; tpBdyyog, a sound] . A peculiar form of aphasia due to spasm of the muscles supplied by the hypoglossal nerve. Apbthophyte {af'-tho-fit) [d^Sa, aphtha; (fmrdv, plant]. The Oidium albicans, or Saccharomyces albicans, a yeast-fungus often seen on the mucous membrane of the mouths of infants ; regarded by some as the cause of true aphthae. See Sprue. Aphthous {of '-thus) [d^fla, an eruption] . Pertaining to or affected with aphthae or thrush. Aphyllon {ah-fil' -on) [d priv. ; i^TCkav, a leaf.]. A genus of orobanchaceous plants. A. uniflorum, a plant, the naked broom-rape or cancer-root of North America. It is astringent, and has been employed as a cure for cancer. Unof. Aphyllous {ah-fil'-us) [d priv.; ^Xkov, a leaf]. In biology, naturally leafless. Apical {a'-pik-al) [apex, the top]. Pertaining to the apex. A. Cell, in biology, the cell at the apex of every branch, leaf or other organ, and from the divi- sion of which all succeeding cells are formed. Apices (a'-/w-?2) [L.]. Plural of ^/f jr. Summits. Apiculus {ap-ik' -u-lus) \apic, a point]. In biology, a short abrupt point formed by the mid-rib of a leaf pro- jecting beyond the blade. Apinoid {ap'-in-oid) [d priv. ; vivo(, dirt ; eJdocform]. Clean ; not foul. A. Cancer, schirrhus ; so called from its cleanly section. Apiol {ap'-e-ol) [apium, parsley ; oleum, oil], Cj.;Hn- O.,. A poisonous principle occurring in parsley seeds ; it crystallizes in long white needles, with a slight parsley odor ; melts at 30° C. (86° F.), and boils at 294° C (572° F.). It is used in dysmenorrhea and in genito-spinal atony. It acts upon the reflex and vaso- motor centers. It is also called parsley-camphor. Dose TTLiij-x. In doses of Tt\,xxx it is narcotic. Unof. Apiolin {cip'-e-o-lin) [apium, parsley ; oleum, oil]. A pseudo-apiic alcohol, the active principle of Apium petroelinum, and a reliable emmenagogue. Dose tT\, iij in capsule, night and morning. APIOS 101 APOGAMY Apios {ap'-e-os) [oTnof, a pear]. A genus of plants. A. tuberosa, a twining papilionaceous plant of North America, bearing tubers which when cooked are edible. It is called ground-nut, wild-bean, Indian potato, etc. Said to be alterative. Unof. Apis (ii'-pis) [L.,abee]. A genus of hymenopterous insects. A. tnellifica, the honey-bee ; in homeopathy the poison of the honey-bee's sting, or a preparation thereof. Apiutn {a'-pe-uni) [L.]. A genus of umbelliferous plants. A. graveolens. See Celery. A. petroseli- num, is the common garden parsley ; -aperient, diuretic, somewhat antiperiodic ; useful in dysmenorrhea. Dose of the fid. ext (of the root) gtt. xv-g j. Apjohn's Formula. A formula for determining the dew-point by means of the elastic tension. Aplacental (ah-plas-en' -tal) [a priv.; placenta, a, cake]. Destitute of placenta. Aplanatic (ah-plan-af -iK) [a priv. ; tiXavatw, to wander]. Not wandering ; rectilinear. A. Lens, a lens corrected for all aberration of light and color. A rectilinear lens. , See Objective. Aplanogamete (ah-plan-o-gam' -li-e') [a priv. ; irXdvog, roaming ; jafieT-ti, a wife] . In biology, the non-motile conjugating cell in certain green algae, i. e. Conjugate. See Planogamaie. Aplanospore {ah-plan'-o-spor^. Same as Aplanoga- mete. Aplasia (ah-pla' -se-ah") [a priv. ; n'kaaaeiv, to form]. A type of incomplete structure by reason of the non-for- mation of a necessary cell-group during the develop- mental stage. CaWeAaXso hypoplasia. A., Laminar. Synonym of Facial Hemiatrophy. Aplastic {ah-plas' -tik) [a priv. ; ■K'kaAsaeio , to form]. I. Structureless, formless. 2. Not characterized by plasticity : preventive of plastic process within the organism. A. Lymph, one of the products of inflam- mation or disease. A non-fibrinous material incapable of coagulation or organization. Apleuria {ah-plu'-re-aK) [d priv. ; ■K'kzvpa, a rib]. Con- genital absence of the ribs. Aplotomia [ap-lo-tom'-e-ah), or Aplotomy (ap-lot'-o- me). See Haplotomy. Aplysiopurpurin {ap-liz-e-o-per' -pii-rin) [ait'Xvala, filth- iness; Tropfvpd, a purple dye]. A reddish pigment derived from the Aplysiidse. Pi.'pnea. [ap-ne' -ah) [d priv. ; nveeiv, to breathe]. For- merly used as synonymous with asphyxia, meaning breathlessness ; difficult respiration ; partial or com- plete suspension of breathing. It is employed now only in the physiological sense, to denote the condition in which the blood is too highly oxygen- ized. The presence of an over-abundance of oxy- gen prevents stimulation of the medullary respira- tory center, and respiration is arrested in conse- quence. A. infantum. Synonym of Laryngismus stridulus. A. neonatorum, apnea of the new- born child, caused by difficult labor, pressure upon the cord, etc. Apneumatic [ap-nu-mat' -ik) [dpriv. ; Trwti^o, breath] . I. Collapsed ; uninflated, not inflatable : said of parts of the lung. 2. Carried on with the exclusion of air, as an apneumatic operation or process. Apn6umatosis (ap-nu-mat-o' -sis) [d priv. ; ■Kvevjt&Toai.^, inflation]. Collapse of the air cells of some parts of the lung caused by blocking of the bronchial tubules, and resulting in a condition of non-inflation whereby the lung tissue is reduced to a condition similar to that of atelectasis, or congenital apneuraatosis. Apneumia {ap-nu' -me-ah) \a priv.; Trvei^uv, • lung] . Congenital absence of the lungs \'pne\aao-aeT-v\a{ap-nu-mo-ner'-ve-ah)[a. priv.; nvev/^av, lung ; nervus, a nerve] . Deficient nerve stimulus in the lung. Apneumoneuria (ap-nu-mo-nu' -re-ah). Same as Ap- neumone^'via. Apneustia (ap-nus' -te-ah) [d priv. ; nvhiv, to breathe]. Apnea ; breathlessness. Apncea (i?^-«^'-a!^) . See Apnea. Ape- (ap'-o) [dTTd, from]. A prefix denoting from, away, separation. Apoaconitin (ap-o-ak-on' -it-in) [ottij, from ; aconitum, aconite], CjjH^jNOjj. An alkaloid prepared from aconitin by dehydration. Apoatropin (ap-o-af -ro-pin) \an6, from ; arpoirog, un- changeable], CjjHjjNOj. An alkaloid obtained by the action of HNOj on atropin. Apoblast (ap'-o-blast) [oTri, away; pXaarog, a germ]. In biology the unimpregnated ovum ; an outcast cell. See Outcast Cell. Appblema {ap-o-ble' -mah) [airdphjfia ; air6, away; fialleLv, to throw]. The product of abortion. Apobole iap-ob' -o-le) [enro^ofi^, a throwing away]. Expulsion; abortion. Apocarpous (ap-o-kar' -pus) [oTriS, from ; Kapndc, fruit] . In biology, composed of separate or easily separable carpels. Apocarteresls [ap-o-kar-ter-e' -sis) l_anoKapTepriaig, lack of fortitude]. Suicide by starvation. Apocatastasis {ap-o-kat-as^ -tas-is) [dTro/carairraCTif, res- toration]. The subsidence of an abscess or tumor. Apocatharsis (ap-o-kath-ar' -sis) \cm6, away ; KoBapacg, purgation]. Purgation; abevacuation. Apocathartic (ap-o-kath-ar' -tik). Same as Cathartic. Apocenosis [ap-o-sen' -o-sis) \jvKomv/)tvv , to drain] . An increased flow or evacuation of blood or other humors. Apocenotic [ap-o-sen-of -ik) [^airoKevSeiV, to drain]. Producing apocenosis. Apochromatic {ap-o-kro-mat'-ik) \_wk6, away; xP'^l'^t color]. Without color. A Lens, a lens for micro- scopic and optical purposes, with high correction of spherical and chromatic aberrations, and better " defini- tion." A. Objective. See Objective. Apocodein [ap-o-ko' -de-in) [dirii, from ; KaSeia, the head], CigHjgN02. An alkaloid prepared from codein by dehydration. It is emetic and expectorant, with other qualities much like those of codein, and is recommended in chronic bronchitis. Unof. Apocope (ap-ok' -o-pe) \Jnr6, from; rottti, a cutting]. Amputation or abscission; an operation or a wound that results in loss of substance. Apocrustic {ap-o-krus'-tik) l_aTroKpoveiv, to beat off^. Repellent; defensive ; astringent. Apocynin (ap-os'-in-in) [apocynon, dogbane]. The precipitate from a tincture of Apocynum cannabinum ; tonic, alterative, and evacuant. Dose gr. j^-j. Unof. Apocynum (ap-os' -in-um) [^apocynon, dogbane]. Can- adian Hemp. The root of A. cannabinum. Proper- ties due to an alkaloid, apocynin. A good expectorant. In full doses an emetic and cathartic. Valuable in dropsy. Dose gr. v-xx; of the alkaloid, gr. %-}!. A. Ext., Fid. Dose tr\,v-xx. A., Tinct. Dose tl\,v-xl. Should not be confounded with Cannabis indica. Unof. Another American species, A. an- drossemifolium, has similar properties. Unof. Apodemialgia [ap-o de-me-al'-je-ah)[aiToSrijila,]o\:iraey, aXysiv, to grieve]. A morbid dislike of home-life with a desire for wandering. Apodia {ah-po' -de-ah) [d priv.; fl-o{if, a foot]. Absence of feet. Apordous (a/'-o-t^Kj) [d priv. ; 7ro{if, afoot]. Footless; characterized by apodia. Apogamy (ap-og'-am-e) \av6, away from ; yd/Joc, mar- riage]. In biology, l. Asexual reproduction where APOGEOTROPISM 102 APOPLEXY the opposite usually occurs. 2. The total and normal absence of sexual reproductive power. Apogeotropism (ap-o-je-of -ro-pizm) [oTriiyaiof, from the earth; rpom/cdf, turning]. In biology, tending to turn upward or away from the ground. Apohyal {ap-o-hi' -at) [ottij, from ; voei6r/(, shaped like the letter up^ilon] . Relating to the anterior (styloid) cornua of the hyoid bone. Apokenosis (ap-o-ken'-o-sis). See Apocenods. Apokenotic (ap-o-ken-ot' -ik). See Apocenotic. Apolar (ak-po'-lar) [o priv. ; Trd/lof , the end of an axis] . Having no pole. A. Cells, nerve cells without pro- cesses. Apolepsis (ap-o-lep' -sis) [oTrd/l^iiif , a leaving off] . Sup- pression or retention of a secretion or excretion ; cessation of a function. Apolexis (ap-o-leks'-is) \_a-K6\Ti^Lq, a declining]. The decline of life ; the stage of catabolism or decay. Apollinaris Water (ap-ol-in-a'-ris). A German alka- line mineral water, highly charged with carbonic acid, largely used for gout, rheumatism, etc., but possessing little medicinal value. See Mineral Water. Apomorphia, or Pi.-^QraoTfhSii{ap-o-mor' -fe-ah, or -mor'- fin) \aK6, from ; Morpheus, the god of sleep], CjjH,,- OjN, = morphia — H^O. An artificial alkaloid, derived from morphin. The hydrochlorate is the salt used, and is a grayish crystaUine powder. It is a systemic emetic acting directly upon the vomiting center, and is the quickest, most certain and least irritating of all emetics. Unof Dose gr. ^V~tV hypodermatically, or gr- x^y-J by the mouth. An expectorant in small doses. A. injectio hypodermica (B. P.). Dose as an expectorant by the mouth, gr. ss ; as an emetic, by the mouth, gr. J^ ; hypodermatically, gr. ^. Syrupus apomorph. hydrochloratis. Dose ^ss-j. Apomyelin [ap-o-mi' -el-in) \a-K6, from ; fivsMg, mar- row]. A peculiar phosphatized principle reported to exist in the brain tissue and containing no glycerol. Apomyttosis [ap-o-mit-o' -sis) [anofmaauv, to blow the nose] . Any disease marked by stertor ; a sneezing. Apone (a/-o«'') [Fr. : a priv. ; iriiDof, pain]. An ano- dyne ; especially the concentrated tincture of capsi- cum ; used externally for the relief of pain, and inter- nally in small doses, diluted, for hemorrhoids, dyspep- sia, and mania. Dose gtt. iij-x. Unof. Aponeurography (ap-o-nu-ro«' -ra-fe) \hvovaipursL(;, aponeurosis; ypa^q, a writing]. . A description of the fasciae, or aponeuroses. Aponeurology {ap-o-nit-rol' -o-je) [^cnrovevpaaig, apon- eurosis; MyoQ, an account]. The science of the fasciae or aponeuroses. Aponeurosis (ap-on-u-ro' -sis) [0.776, from ; vsvpov, a ten- don]. A fibrinous membranous expansion of a tendon giving attachment to muscles or serving to enclose and bind down muscles. Remarkable for their size or importance are the infra- spinmts, enclosing the infra- spinous muscle ; that of the arm, of the deltoid muscle, of the external oblique or abdominal, of the forearm, of the leg, of the transversalis , of the head, etc., etc. A. of Occipito-frontalis, the tendinous aponeur- osis that separates the two slips of the occipito-frontalis muscle. A. of Soft Palate, a thin but firm fibrous layer, attached above to the hard palate, and becom- ing thinner toward the free margin of the velum. A. of Subscapular, a thin membrane attached to the entire circumference of the subscapular fossa, and affording attachment by its inner surface to some of the fibers of the subscapularis muscle. A.^ Supra- spinous, a thick and dense membranous layer that completes the osseo-fibrous case in which the supra- spinatus muscle is contained, affording attachment by its inner surface to some of the fibers of the muscle. A., Vertebral, a thin aponeurotic lamina extending along the whole length of the back part of the thoracic region, serving to bind down the, erector spinae, and separating it from those muscles that connect the spine to the upper extremity. Aponeurositis [ap-on-u-ro-si'-.tis)\Jit7ovEvpa^ig, an apon- eurosis ; iTiQ, inflammation] . Inflammation of an aponeurosis. Aponeurotic {ap-on-u-rof -ik) [airovehpuBiQ , aponeuro- sis] . Pertaining to or of the nature of an aponeurosis. Aponeurotome (ap-on-u' -ro-tom) [aitovevpuaiq, apon- eurosis ; Tbjui, a cut] . An instrument for dividing fascise. Aponeurotomy (ap-on-u-rof -o-me) [airovevpuaig , apon- eurosis ; rb/ir/, a cut]. The incision, dissection, or anatomy of the fascia ; fasciotomy. Aponipsis (ap-o-nip' -sis) [diroW^if, a washing]. A washing ; especially an internal washing, anciently performed by copious draughts of milk whey. Apopetalous (ap-o-pef -al-us) \aK6, away from ; iriTa7iov, leaf]. In biology, same as Polypetalous . Apophlegmatic (ap-o- fleg-mat ' -ik) [aTrrf, away; ^"kh/fia, phlegm]. Promoting the expulsion of mucus from the air passages. Apophyllous [ap-o-fl'-us) [and, from; fiiXhni, a leaf]. In biology, having distinct calyx or perianth leaves. Apophysar {ap-off'-is-ar). See Apcphysary . Apophysary \ap-off ' -is-a-re) [djro^wiv, to put forth]. Pertaining to or of the nature of an apophysis. Apophyseal, Apophysial (ap-o-fiz'-e-al). Same as Apophysary. Apophysis {ap-off'-is-is) [hnb, from ; ^vaig, growth]. In biology, a process, outgrowth, or swelling of some part or organ, as of a bone, the internal process of the mandible of a crustacean, or some part of a plant, e. g. the seta of certain mosses. A. len:icularis, the orbicular process of the temporal bone. A. raviana, the processus gracilis of the malleus. Apoplectic [ap-o-plek^-tik) [anoTrXe^'ia, apoplexy]. Pertaining to or affected with apoplexy. A. Gquiva- lents, a name given to the premonitory symptoms of apoplexy, indicating that the brain is subject to alterations in the blood pressure, a condition that may lead to serious consequences if the arterial walls are diseased. Apoplectiform (ap-o-plek'-tif-orm) [ajroTr/lefm, apo- plexy ; yo?-»«a, form]. Sudden, like apoplexy. Apoplectigenous {ap-o-plek-tif -en-us) [anonXe^ia, apoplexy; yevv6,eiv,io produce]. Producing apoplexy or cerebral hemorrhage. Apoplectoid (ap-o-plek'-toid). Same as Apoplectiform. Apoplexia (ap-o-pleks' -e-ah) [L.]. Apoplexy. A. splenitis. Synonym of Anthrax. Apoplexy (ap' -o-pleks-e) [aironXTj^ia , a striking down] . The symptom-complex resulting from cerebral hemor- rhage, effusion, or from the plugging of a cerebral vessel.. Modern writers mostly describe the post- mortem appearances by other terms, as cerebral hemor- rhage, effusion, thrombosis, etc. The chief symptom is sudden loss of motion, sensation and consciousness, the patient falling and lying as if dead. There is frequently a conjugate deviation of the eyes and a rotation of the head away from the paralyzed side, and toward the side on which the cerebral lesion exists. Death may result instantaneously, or shortly, or the pa- tient may recover consciousness and then be found to be suffering from paralysis of one-half of the body (Hemi- plegia, q. v.). The bursting of a vessel in the lungs, liver, etc., is sometimes called apoplexy of the lungs, liver, etc. A., Capillary, from rupture and effusion of capillaries. A., Ingravescent, a term applied to a foi-m of apoplexy in which there is a slowly pro- APOPSYCHIA 103 APPENDICITIS gi-essive loss of consciousness due to a gradual leakage of blood from a ruptured vessel. A., Pulmonary, escape of blood into the pulmonary parenchyma, with laceration of its substance. A., Simple, the name given to those cases of death from coma in which no cerebral lesion is found. A., Spinal. See Hematomye- lia. A., Splenic. Siynony^ai oi Anthrax . Apopsychia \ap-op,-sik' -e-ah) \h-K6, away ; ■^xVt spirit] . Syncope ; fainting ; a faint. Apoptosis (ap-op-to' -sis) \a-K6, away ; TrToaig, a falling] . A falling off, as of a crust, or of the hair ; loosening of a scab or crust. Aporetia (ap-o-re^-tin) [aTrii, from; /»?Wv)?, a resin] . A resinous substance found in rhubarb. Aporrhinosis {ap-or-in-o'-sis) [atro, from ; ji/f, nose]. A discharge from the nostril Aporrhipsis (a/--«]. i. In surgery, a pro- tection or covering for the body in surgical opera- tions. 2. The omentum. A., Hottentot, artificially elongated labia minora; velamen vulvis. A. of Succor, a canvas appliance borne by two men, and used for the transportation of wounded persons. Aprosexia {ap-ro-seks' -e-ah) [d priv, ; nponkx^i-v, to give heed] . A mental disturbance consisting in in- ability to nx the attention upon a subject. An inability to think clearly and to readily comprehend what is read or heard, sometimes observed in the course of chronic catarrh of the nose or of the nose and pharynx. Aprosopa [ap-ros' -o-paK). See Aprosopia Aprosopia (ap-ro-so' -pe-ah) [d priv, ; npdaunov, the face] , A form of fetal monstrosity with partial or complete absence of face. Aprosopous iap-ros' -o-pus) [d priv. ; npdauirov, the face]. ExhilDiting aprosopia. Aprosopus (ap-ros' -o-pus) [d priv. ; TrpdffuTrov, the face]. An aprosopous fetus. Apselaphesia (ap-sel-nf-e' -ze-ah) [d priv. ; ipriMfTjniQ, touch]. Paralysis of the tactile sense. Apsithyria, or ApsithuTea.{ap-sith-l'-re-ah, or -u'-re-ah) [d priv. ; TpiBvpl^eiv, to whisper]. A term suggested by Solis-Cohen for hysterical aphonia, in which the patient not only loses the voice, but is unable even to whisper. It is generally accompanied by double paralysis of the vocal cords, but there is no paralysis of the tongue, lips, or expiratory muscles. Charcot especially advocates hypnotism in the treatment of the condition. Apsychia (ap-sik' -e-aK) [d priv. ; ^x^> spirit]. Un- consciousness ; a faint or swoon. Apta viro (ap'-tah vi'-ro) [L. : pi., Aptce viris']. A young girl who by mechanical means has been rendered available for prostitution. Apterium {ap-te' -re-um) [d priv. ; irTspdv, a feather]. In biology, a normally naked tract on a bird's skin. Apterous (ap'-ter-us) [d priv. ; irTepdv, a wing, a feather] . In biology, destitute of wings or membran- ous expansions. Aptitude {ap' -te-tad) \aptitiiio, fitness]. Fitness, ten- dency. The natural proneness of an organism toward certain functions or pathological conditions. Aptyalia {ap-ti-a'-le-ah) [dpriv. ; 7n-{io/bv, saliva]. See Aptyalism-, Aptyalism {ap-ti' -al-izm) [d priv. ; ■ktvoKI^uv, to spitj. Deficiency or absence of saliva. APTYSTIA 105 ARACHNIDIUM Aptystia (ap-tis' -te-aK) [a priv. ; irriieiv, to spit]. See ApiyaMsm. Apulosls (ap-u-lo' -sis) ^airovTMai^ ; oiXeiv, to cicatrize] . Cicatrization, or a cicatrix. Apulotic {.ap-u-loi' -ik) [anmTMnid^, healing]. Pro- moting cicatrization, or apulosis. Apus {a' -pus) [a priv., and Trouf, foot]. I. A monstro- sity consisting in absence of the lower limbs, or feet. 2. An apodous fetus. Apyonin {ah-pi' -on-in) [d priv. ; ■kvov, pus]. A remedy introduced as a substitute for pyoktanin in ophthalmic practice. It is said to be identical with yellow pyoktanin. Unof. Apyretic (ah-pi-ref -ik) '[a priv. ; irvpeTdg, fever]. Without fever or pyrexia. ApyTexia.{aA-pi-reis'-e-aA) [dpriv. ; irvpeicTSi, feverish]. The non-febrile stage of an intermittent fever ; intermis- sion or absence of fever. Apyrexial (ah-pi-reks' -e-al) [wKvpeKTog, without fever]. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or characterized by, apyrexia. Apyrexy (ah'-pi-reks-e). See Apyrexia, Aqua {a'-kwah) [L. : gen. and //., Aqiue, a'-kwe']. Water. An oxid of hydrogen having the composition HjO. It is a solid below 32°, a liquid between 32° and 212°, vaporizes at 212° at the sea level (bar. 760 mm.), giving off vapor of tension equal to that of the air. It covers four-fifths of the surface of the earth, but is never pure in nature, containing from a trace of soluble matter, in rain water, to 26 per cent, of soluble mineral salts, in the Dead Sea. Water is an essential constituent of all animal and vegetable tissues. In the human body it forms two per cent, of the enamel of the teeth, 77 per cent, of the ligaments, 78 per cent, of the blood, and 93 per cent, of the urine. Externally, water has a stimulating effect upon the skin, either by direct or reactionary means. Cold water when continued too long may lower the general temperature of the body so as to produce serious depres- sion of the circulation and muscular power. When pro- perly used it is a valuable antipyretic. Hot water and vapor increase circulation and produce diaphoresis. Its too long-continued use debilitates. Internally, water is a diuretic. It is the most useful of all the sol- vents in pharmacy. The following are the official pre- parations and forms : A. bulliens, boiling water. A. communis, common water. A. destillata, distilled water. A. fervens, hot water. A. fluvialis, river- water. A. fontana, well- or spring-water. A. marina, sea-water. A. pluvialis, rain-water. See also Mineral Water. Aqua in pharmacy also designates various medicated waters : as A.ammonise, water of ammonia ; A. anethi, dill water; A. chlori, chlorin water; A. rosae, rose water. A. fortis. See Acid, Nitric. A. regia. .See A. Nitrohydrochloric. A. tofana, a celebrated secret poison, prepared in the 17th century at Palermo by a woman named Toffana. It was probably arsenical. A. Vitse, Brandy or Spirit, q. v. In anatomy, A. labyrinthi, the clear fluid existing in the labyrinth of the ear. Aquaecapsulitis (a-kwe-kap-su-li' -tis) [aqua, water; i'fl/ja/a, a capsule ; (Ttf, inflammation]. Serous iritis. Aquseductus (a-kwe-duk' -tus). See Aqueduct. Aquamalarial Fever {a-kwa-mal-a' -re-al). Synonym of Malarial Fever. See Fever. Aquapuncture {ak-wah-pungk'-chur) [aqua, water; punctura, a puncture]. Counter-irritation by means of a very fine jet of water impinging upon the skin ; useful in neuralgia and other nerve disorders. Aquatic (a-kwat'-ik) [aqua, water]. Pertaining to water. A. Cancer. Synonym of Cancrum oris. Aqueduct, or Aqueductus {ak' -we-dukt , or ak-we- duk'-tus) [ayao, water; ductus, a leading]. Used of ducts or canals in various parts of the body. A. cerebri, the infundibulum. A. cochleae, aqueduct of the cochlea. A. of Cotunnius, the aqueduct of the vestibule, extending from the utricle to the posterior wall of the pyramid in the brain. A. Pallopii, the canal of the portio dura in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. A. Sylvii, the aqueduct of Sylvius from the third to the fourth ventricle, the iter a tertio ad quartum ventriculum. A. vestibuli, aqueduct of the vestibule of the ear. Aqueous (a'-kwc-us) [aqua, water]. Referring to water ; watery. A. Chamber of the Eye, the space between the cornea and the lens ; the iris divides it into an anterior and » posterior chamber. A. Extract, a solid preparation of a drug made by evaporation of its aqueous solution. A. Humor, the fluid filling the anterior chamber of the eye. Aquiducous (a-kwe-du' -kus) [aquiducus ; aqua, water ; ducere, to lead]. Hydragogue. Aquilaria {a-kwila'-re-ah) [L.]. A genus of trees. A. agallocha, a tree of S. E. Asia producing the true aloes-wood, or eagle-wood, valued in perfumery, but no longer employed in regular pharmacy or prac- tice. A. ovata and A. secundaria also furnish varieties of aloes- wood. Unof. Aquilegia {ak-wil-e' -je-ah) [L.]. A genus of ranun- culaceous plants of many species. A. vulgaris has active mecUcinal qualities ; . but none of the species are now much used in regular practice. Aquiparous (a-kwip' -ar-us) [aqua, water ; parere, to bring forth]. Producing water, or affording watery secretions ; said of glands, as the lachrymal and parotid. Aquocapsulitis [a-kwo-kap-su-W -tis) [aqua, water; capsula, a small box]. Serous iritis, q. v. Aquosity (a-kwos'-it-e) [aquositas, watery]. The state or condition of being watery. Aquula [ak-wu'-lah) [L.]. A small aqueous collec- tion. A. cotunnii, the perilymph, q. v. Arabic {ar'-ab-ik) [Apa^iKdc, Arabic]. Of or pertain- ing to Arabia. A. Acid. See Arabin. A. Gum. See Acacia. Arabin {ar'-ab-in) [Apa/3«(t(if, Arabic], (CgHjjOs)^- -|- HjO. Arabic Acid. A transparent, glassy, amor- phous mass, an exudate from many plants, making a clear solution in water. It is the principal constituent of gum arable. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Arabinose [ar'-ab-in-ds) ['ApajStKig, Arabic], CjHjjOj. One of the glucoses. Made from gum arabic on boil- ing with dilute HjSOj. It crystallizes in shining prisms that melt at 100° ; is slightly soluble in cold water, has a sweet taste, and reduces Fehling's solu- tion, but is not fermented by yeast. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Arabis \ar'-ab-is) ['Apa^ixdc;, Arabic]. A genus of cruciferous herbs ; rock cresses, or Wall cresses. A. chinensis, of Asia, and A. sagittata and A. tha- liana, of Europe, are stimulant and stomachic. The seeds of some species yield an oil much like that of rape-seed. Unof. Arabite [ai-'-ab-lt) ['ApaptaSg, Arabic], CjHjjOj. A substance formed from arabinose by the action of sodium amalgam. It crystallizes from hot alcohol in shining needles, melting at 102°. It has a sweet taste, but does not reduce Fehling's solution. Arabonic Acid {ar-ab-on' -ik) . See Acid. Arachis [ar'-ak-is) [apaxog, a leguminous plant] . A genus of leguminous plants. A. hypogaea. See Ground Nut. Arachnidium [ar-ak-nid'-e-um) [apAxyi, a spider]. In biology, the secreting spinning apparatus of spiders, ARACHNITIS 106 ARCHEBIOSIS consisting of five kinds of glands, over one thousand in all, producing a secretion insoluble in water and ■with a nitrogenous basis, forming the fine, silky threads of the web. Arachnitis [ar-ak-ni'-tis] \_apaxvr/ , sl spider's web; /T/.f, inflammation]. Inflammation of the arachnoid mem- brane of the brain. Arachnoid [ar - ak^- noid] \hpdxv7jj a spider's web; eidof, form]. Resembling a web. A. Cavity, the space between the arachnoid membrane and the dura mater. A. Membrane, the delicate serous membrane of the brain and cord between the dura and pia mater. Sub-arachnoid fluid. See Cerebrospinal Fluid. Arachnoidal (ar-ai-noid'-al) [apaxvi], a spider's web; fidof, form]. Pertaining to the arachnoid. Arachnoiditis {ar-ak-noid-i' -tis). Same as Arachnitis. Arachno-pia [ar - ak'- no -pi'- ah) [apaxvri, a. spider's web; pia f fern, of pius~\. The arachnoid and the pia considered together. Arachnorrhinitis (ar-ak-nor-in-i'-tis) \ap6,xvri, spider; prf, nose ; ir/f, inflammation]. A disease of the nasal passages supposed to be due to the presence of a spider. Arachnotitis (ar-ak-no-ti' -tis) [apaxvri, spider ; oif , ear; iT(f, inflammation]. Inflammation said to be caused by a spider in the auditory canal. Arack [ar'-ak) [/nd.']. A spirituous liquor distilled from rice, dates, palm-sap, or cocoanut juice, used in Asia, etc. Araeometer [ar-e-om'-et-er). See Areometer. Araeotic {ar-e-of -ik). See Areotic. Alalia (ar-a' -le-ah) [L.]. A genus of plants, order Araliacese, embracing several species, having aromatic, diaphoretic, and resolvent properties. Ginseng, wild sarsaparilla, petty morrel, and other plants esteemed in popular medicine belong here ; few have active quali- ties of high value in any disease. Unof. Aran-Duchenne's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Aranese Tela {ar-a'-ne-e te'-lah). See Cobweb. Araneous (ar-a' -ne-us) \_aranea, a spider's web]. Full of webs ; resembling a cobweb. A. Membrane, the arachnoid. Arantius, Bodies of. See Corpora. A., Canal of. See Canal. A., Duct of. See Duct. A., Nodules of. See Arantius, Bodies of. A., Valves of. See Valvules arantii. A., Ventricle of, a small cul-de-sac in the medulla oblongata. Arar (a'-rar) [Barbary]. The tree Callitris quadri- valvis of N. W. Africa. It produces sandarac. Araroba [ar-ar-o'-bah) [Brazil]. Goa Powder. An oxidation product of resin found deposited in the wood of the trunk of the Andira araroba of Brazil. Its active principle is Chrysarobin or Chrysophamc acid, q. V. It is largely used in skin affections. Arasa (ar-a'-sah) [S. Am.]. The root of a plant native to Brazil and Uruguay. The active principle of the drug is found in the tuberosities of the root, espe- cially in the bark, which is quite thick. In taste a decoction of the drug resembles that of cascarilla. It is an excellent remedy in metrorrhagia, acting where hydrastis is ineffectual. No unpleasant secondary effects have been noted. Unof. HrhoT (ar'-bor) [L.]. A name for the arbor vitje of the cerebellum. A. Vitae, a term applied to the arbores- cent appearance of a section of the cerebellum, and also to a similar appearance of the folds of the interior of the cervix uteri. See Thuja. Arborization {ar-bor-iz-a' -shun) [arbor, a tree], A form of nerve termination in which the nerve fibers are brought into contact with the muscle fiber by means of an expansion. Arbuscula {ar-bus' -ku-lah) [L.]. A small shrub hav- ing the appearance of a diminutive tree. Arbutin (ar'-bu-tin) {arbutus, the wild strawberry tree], Cj^Hji-Oj. A bitter glucosid obtained from Uva ursi, orbearberry. It is neutral, crystalline, and resolvable into glucose and hydroquinon. Arbutin is an efficient diuretic. Dose gr. xv-xxx. See Uva ursi. Arbutus [ar-bu'-tus) [L.]. A genus of ericaceous shrubs and trees. A. menziesii, the madroiio of California, has an astringent bark, useful in diarrheas. Unof. A. unedo, the European arbute, is astringent and narcotic. A., Trailing. See Epigiea. Arc {ark) \_arcus, a bow] . In craniometry, a measure- ment taken on the outside of the skull, following its curves. A., Binauricular, a measurement from the center of one auditory meatus to the other, directly up- ward across the top of the head. A., Bregmato- lambdoid, a measurement along the sagittal suture. A., Naso-bregmatic, from the root of the nose to the bregma. A., Naso-occipital, measurement from the root of the nose to the lowest occipital protuberance. Arcanum (ar-ka' -nuni) [arcanum, a secret]. A medi- cine whose composition is kept secret. Arcate (ar'-kat) \arcatus, bow-shaped]. Bow-shaped; curved; arcuate. Arch (arch) \arcus, a. bow]. A term applied to the curved shape of several various parts of the body. A. of Aorta. See Aorta. A., Branchial, the cartilagin- ous arches that support the gills (branchiae) of fishes. In the human fetus they are also present. See Cleft. A. of Colon. See Co/on. A. of Corti, the arch that the pillars of the organ of Corti make over the basilar membrane of the cochlea. A, Crural. See Tou- part's Ligament. A. of Fallopius, a name for the arch formed by Poupart's ligament. A. Femoral, sameas^.Crara/. A., Palmar, the arch formed by the radial artery in crossing the bones of the metacarpus. A., Plantar, the arch made by the external plantar artery. A., Post-oral, arches in the fetus, five in num- ber, that develop into the lower jaw and throat. See A., Branchial. A. of Pubes, that part of the pelvis formed by the convergence of the rami of the ischia and pubes on each side. A., Supra-orbital, the curved and prominent margin of the frontal bone beneath the superciliary ridge, that forms the upper boundary of the orbit. A. of a Vertebra, the part of a vertebra formed of two pedicles and two laminae and enclosing the spinal foramen. A., Zygomatic, the arch formed by the malar and temporal bones. Archaeocyte (ar' -ke-o-sit) [apxaio^, ancient ; kIitoq, a hollow (a cell)]. In biology, one of the irregular ameboid cells — mesameboids — imbedded in a jelly-like matrix and occurring between the two primitive epi- thelia of the body, in the Porifera. Archaeostoma, Archaeostome (ar-ke-os'-to-mah, ar'- ke-o-stom). See Archistome. Archaeus (ar-ke'-us) \hpxai chief; idpo(, tail]. In biology, having the tail primitive, without fin-folds. Archicharp [ar'-ke-karp) [apxv, first; Kapndg, fruit]. See Ascogonium. Archicytula iar-ke-sit' -u-lah) \apx^t a beginning ; TOTof, a cell]. A fertilized egg cell in which the nucleus is discernible. Archigaster (ar-ke-gas'-ter) [dp,-r^, first ; yaar^p, belly]. The primitive, perfectly simple intestine ; archenteron. Archigastrula (ar-ke-gas' -tru-lah) [apx^, beginning; yaffr^p, belly]. The gastrula as it is observed in the most primitive types of animal development ; called also bell-gastrula from its shape. Archigenesis [ar-ke-jen'-es-is'). See Archebiosis, Archil [ar'-kii) \_'iA.'E., orchell^ A coloring matter somewhat like litmus, chiefly obtained from the lichen, Roccella tinctoria; used for staining animal tissues. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Archimonenila [ar-ke-mon-er' -u-lah) [apxv, first; [lowiprig, single, solitary]. In embryology, a special name given by Haeckel to the monerula stage of an egg undergoing primitive and total cleavage. Archimorula {ar-ke-mor' -u-lah) [apX^, first ; fidpov, a. mulberry]. In embryology, the solid mass of cleav^e cells, or mulberry mass, arising from the segmentation of an archicytula, and preceding the archiblastula and archigastrula. Archinephric (ar-ke-nef -riH) [apx^, first; veijip6g, the kidney]. Pertaining to the archinephron. Archinephron {ar-ke-nef ' -ron) [apx'fl, beginning; veippdg, the kidney]. The primitive or embryonic stage of the kidney or renal apparatus. Archipin (ar-kip'-iri). See Chibou. AichiptSTygiviTa {ar-iip-ter-ij' -e-um) \_apx^, first; ttte- p6v, a wing]. In biology, a ground form, persisting in a few cases only, and representing the first and lowest stage of the skeleton of the anterior extremity of vertebrates. Archistome [ar' -kis-tdm) [hpxil, first ; ard/ia, mouth] . The gastrula mouth or opening to the archenteron ; blastoporus. Architis [ar-ki'-tis) [_apx6g, amis]. Proctitis; inflam- mation of the anus. Architroch {ar' -ke-irok) [d/);f^, first ; Tpo;tf(if, a disk] . The ciliated band about the mouth of a planula. Archocele {ar'-ko-sel, or ar-ko-se' -le) \hpxbi;, anus ; fipiri, hernia]. Rectal hernia. Archocystocolposyrinx, or Archocolpocystosyrinx [ar-ko-sis-to-kol-po-sir' -ingks, or ar-ko-kol-po-sis-to- sir'-ingks) \a,px(>g, anus ; kvotic, bladder ; k62.woc, vagina ; aitpiy^, fistula] . Recto-vesico-vaginal fistula. Archometrum {ar-ko-mef -rum) [apxbg, anus; phpov, measure] . A device for ascertaining the caliber of the anus, or for dilating its sphincters. Archoptoma (ar-kop-to'-mah) [apxig, anus ; wra/ia, a fall]. A prolapse of the rectum. Archoptotic (ar-kop-tof -ik) \h.pxbg, anus ; wra/ia, a. fall]. Relating to archoptoma or archoptosis. Archoptosis (ar-kop-to' -sis) \a,px(ig, anus ; nraaig, a falling]. Rectal prolapse. Archorrhagia [ar-ko-ra' -}e-aK) \hpxiz, anus ; piiymaSai, to break out]. Rectal hemorrhage. Archorrhagic (ar-ko-raj'-ik) [apx^Q^ anus ; pjjywcBai, to break out]. Relating to rectal hemorrhage. Archorrhea {ar-ko-re' -ah) \apxl>g, anus; puv,K.o flow]. A discharge of blood or of any pathologic fluid from the anus. Archos [ar'-kos) \apx(>i, the anus]. The anus. Archostegnoma (ar-ko-steg-no' -viah) \hpxbg, anus ; areyvbuv, to consolidate]. Archostenosis ; a rectal stricture. Archostegnosis {ar-ko-steg-no' -sis) \hpxbg, anus ; aTEyvbujig, a stopping]. A rectal stricture. Archostegnotic {ar-ko-stes;-not' -ik) \apxf>g, anus ; areyvaaii, a stopping]. Relating to a rectal stricture. Archostenosis {ar-ko-sten-o' -sis) [apx^g, anus ; arevdg, narrow]. Stricture of the rectum. Archostenotic {ar-ko-sten-of -ik) [_apx6g, anus ; arevdg, narrow]. Relating to rectal stricture. Archosyrinx {ar-ko-si?'' -ingks) l_apx6g, anus ; cvpiy^, a pipe]. I. A sjrringe for the rectum. 2. Fistula in ARCIFORM 108 ARGENTUM Arciform (ar' -se- forni) [anus, bow, arch ; forma, form] . Bow-shaped ; especially used to designate certain sets of fibers in the oblongata. Arctation {ark-ta^ -shun) \arctatio ; arctare, to draw close together]. I. Contraction or lessening of an opening or of the lumen of a canal. 2. InBbulation. Arctium (ark' -she-utn) [L.]. Burdock. See Lappa. Arctostaphylos (ark-to-staf'-il-os). See Uva ursi and Manzanita. Arcual [ar'-ku-al) \arcualis, arched] . Arched ; bent or curved. Arcuate (ar'-ku-at) [arcuatio, a bowing] . Arched ; curved; bow-shaped. Arcuation (ar-ku-a' -shun) [arcuatio, a bowing] . Curva- ture of any bone, as of the tibia or sternum ; curvature of the vertebral column. Arcuatus {ar-ku-a' -tus) [anus, a bow]. Bent or curved in an arched form. A. morbus, a former name for jaundice. Arculus [ar'-ku-lus) [dim. of arcus, a bow]. An arching support for bed-clothes. Arcus (ar'-kus) [arcus, abovf']. A bow or arch. A. dentalis, the dental arch. A. senilis, in the old, the ring of fatty degeneration of the corneal tissue about the periphery. A. zygomaticus, the zygomatic arch. Ardent (ar'-dent) [ardere, ardens, to burn] . Burning ; fiery ; glowing ; accompanied by a sensation of burn- ing. A. Fever, heat fever or thermal fever. A. Spirits, alcoholic liquors. See Spiritus. Ardor (ar'-dor) [ardor, heat] . Violent heat, burning ; applied to fevers and the sexual passion. A. urinae, burning pain in the inflamed urethra during micturition. (ixesi[a' -re-ah) [area, an open space]. Any space with boundaries. A. celsi. See Alopecia areata. A's., Cohnheim's, certain clear-cut areas seen in a trans- verse section of muscle-fiber. A., Crural, a space at the base of the brain included between the pons and chiasm. A, germinativa, or embryonic spot, the oval germinating spot of the embryo. A. opaca, the opaque circle about the A. pellucida. A. pellu- cida, the light central portion of the A. germinativa. A., Postpontile, the ventral aspect of the mesen- cephalon. A. vasculosa, the vascularization of the A. opaca. Areca Nut {ar' -ek-aK). See Betel. Arecane, Arekane [ar'-ek-dn) [Malay]. An oily and volatile basic substance obtainable from areca nut ; said to be a. purgative and sialagogue, and to slow the pulse. Unof. Arecin {ar'-es-in) [S'p. , areca'], C^jHjgNjO. A brown- red coloring matter, obtained from areca nuts ; areca red. Arecolin {ar-e'-ko-lin) [Sp. , areca], C8H,3N02. A liquid alkaloid isolated from the seeds of Areca cate- chu. It is strongly alkaline, very soluble in water, alcohol, ether, or chloroform, and boils at 220° C. It is a powerful poison, affecting the heart similarly to muscarin. It has anthelmintic properties. Dose gr. Arefaction {ar-e-fak' -shun) [arefactio ; arefacere, to make dry]. I. Exsiccation or desiccation. The removal of the structural or constitutional water from a sub- stance. 2, The drying of drugs before powdering them. 3. Dryness, as of the skin. 4. Withering, as of a paralyzed limb. Arena {ar-e'-nah) [arena, sand]. I. Brick-dust deposit from urine ; gravel, 2. Sabulous matter ; brain-sand. Arenaceous {ar-e-na' -se-us) [arenaceus ; arena, sand]. Of the nature of sand or gravel ; sabulous. Arenation {a^'-e-na' -shun) [arena, sand]. A sand-bath. The application of hot sand to a limb or part of the body. See Ammotherapy . Areola {ar-e' -o-laK) [dim. ai area, an open space://., AreoliB\. I. The brownish space surrounding the nipple of the female breast. This is sometimes called Areola papillaris^ A secondary areola, surrounding this, occurs during pregnancy. The pigmentation about the umbilicus is called the umbilical areola. 2. Any interstice or minute space in a tissue. Areolar (ar-e' -o-lar) [areola, dim. of area, an open space] . Relating to or characterized by areolae. A. Tissue, cellular tissue ; connective tissue. Areolate, or Areolated (ar-e'-o-lat, or ar-e'-o-la-ted) [areola, dim. of area, an open space]. Marked or characterized by areolae. Areometer (ar-e-om' -et-er) [apaib^, thin, light ; jiirpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the specific gravity or strength of liquids, especially alcoholic liquids. Areometry {ar-e-om' -et-re) [a.pm6g, thin, light ; /ilrpov, a measure] . The use of the areometer ; estimation of the specific gravity of fluids. Areotic (ar-e-ot'-ik) [apaid;, thin] . I . Attenuant ; thinning the humors ; increasing perspiration. 2. An attenuant remedy. Arethusa (ar-eth-u'-sak) ['ApeBovcra, a fountain]. A genus of orchidaceous plants. A. bulbosa, of North America, has root-tubes that are popularly used as a material for poultices, and are said to form a useful application for toothache. Unof. Arevareva {ar-a-var-a' -vah) [Tahitian]. A scaly skin-disease said to be caused by the habitual use of the drug Kava, q. v. It is accompanied by eye-disease, with dimness of vision. Argal {ar'-gal) . See Argol. Argamblyopia (ar-gam-ble-o' -pe-ah) [dpydf, idle, dis- used ; a/ijlXvuTria, dim-sightedness]. Amblyopia due to disuse of the eye. Argamblyopic {ar-gam-ble-op'-ik) [apydc, idle ; afi^Tivairia, dim-sightedness]. Affected with argam- blyopia. Argand-lamp. A form of lamp with a tubular wick. Argan-oil (ar'-gan-oil) [Arab., argdn]. An oil derived from the seeds contained in the fruit of the argan-tree. It is a good substitute for olive-oil. Argan-tree (ar' -gan-tre) [Arab., argSn]. The Argania sideroxylon, an evergreen tree of the N. W. of Africa, order Sapotacece ; it yields a useful oil. Argel (ar'-gel) [Syrian]. A plant, Solenostemma argel, of the eastern Mediterranean region ; also its leaves, which are used to adulterate senna; also the Gomphocarpus fruticosus, of Africa, whose leaves are similarly employed. Unof. Argema {ar'-jem-ah) [apye/ia, an ulcer : //. , Argema/a] . A white ulcer of the margin of the cornea, following phlyctenula. Argemone (ar-jem-o'-ne) [apyefiov, an ulcer]. A genus of plants. A. mexicana, the horned or prickly poppy, a plant native to North America. It is said to have hypnotic qualities, and its seeds afford a purga- tive oil. Unof. Argentation {ar-jen-ta'-shun) [argentum, silver]. Staining with a preparation of silver. Argentic (ar-jen'-tik) [argentum, silver]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of silver. Containing silver as a univalent radical. Argentine [ar'-jen-tin) [argentum, silver]. Contain- ing or resembling silver. Argentum (ar-jen' -turn) [L. : gen., Argenti]. Silver. Ag = io8; quanti valence, I. A malleable and ductile metal of brilliant white luster. It tarnishes only in the presence of free sulphur, sulphur gases, and phosphorus. It is an excellent substance for vessels used in pharmacy and for sutures used in surgery. The following salts ARGIAMBLYOPIA 109 ARMY ITCH are used : A. cyanidum, AgCN, used in the prepara- tion of hydrocyanic acid. A. iodidum, Agl, some- times used internally instead of A. nitras. Dose gr. }(-]. A. nitras, AgNOj, "nitrate of silver," argentic nitrate', ' ' lunar caustic, ' ' a powerful astringent and an escharotic of moderate strength. It stains skin and other tissues black when applied in strength. In small doses it stimulates the heart and nerve centers. If too long continued, it leaves a slate-colored, insolu- ble deposit of silver under the skin {Argyria). Dose gr. Yb-Yi- A. nitras dilutus, the mitigated caustic or dilute stick is fused with an equal weight of potassium nitrate. A. nitras fusus, "stick caustic." Con- • tains four per cent, of silver chlorid. It is used locally. A. oxidum, Ag^O, explosive when treated with am- monia. Dose gr. ^-ij. A. vivum, an old name for mercury or quicksilver. Argiamblyopia (ar-ge-am-ble-o' -pe-ak) [apyia, disuse ; anPTivuvla, dim-sightedness]. See Argamblyapia. Argilla [ar-jil'-ah) [apyiX%oq, potter's clay]. White or potter's clay, alumina. See Bole. Argol [ar'-gol) \hpy6Q, white]. The impure tartar derived from wine. See Tartar. Argyll- Robertson Pupil. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of, and Pupil. Argyll-Robertson's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Argyria (ar-jir' -e-aK) \argentum, silver] . A form of chloasma or discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes produced by the prolonged administration of nitrate of silver, the molecules of silver being de- posited in much the same position as those of the natural pigment of the skin. It may be general, from internal administration, or local, from its local applica- tion. •» Argyriasis {ar-jir-i'-as-is). See Argyiia. Argyrosis {ar-jir-o' -sis) . Same as Argyria, q.v. Arhinia (ah-rin'-e-ah) \b. priv. ; |5^f, nose]. Congen- ital absence of the nose. Arhythmia (ar-ith' -me-aK). See Arrhythm,ia. Aricin (ar'-is-in) \_Arica, in Peru], CjjHjgNjO^. An alkaloid obtained from several varieties of cinchona bark. Ariditas {ar-id' -it-as) [L., " dryness"]. A dried or withered condition of any part or organ. Aridura [ar-id-u' -raK) [L.]. Dryness; a drying up, withering, or wasting of a part, or of the organism as a whole. Aril, or Arillus (ar'-il, or ar'-il-us) [aridm, dry]. In biology, the accessory coat of certain seeds, growing from the funiculus, hilum, or placenta, as the mace of nutmegs. Arisema {ar-is-e^ -mah) \a.pov, arum ; Brjim, a sign] . A genus of araceous herbs. A. atrorubens, the wild or Indian turnip, or Jack-in-the-Pulpit of Eastern N. America. Its corm is strongly stimulant and acrid, with emetic, expectorant, and sternutatory qualities. Other species haVe similar properties. Unof. Arista [ar-is'-taK) [L.]. In biology, the awn or beard of certain flowers or animals. Aristate [ar-is' -tat) \arista,\}a.e awn or beard of grain]. In biology, awned. Tipped with a bristle. Aristol (ar'-is-tol) \h,piaToq, best; oleum, oil], (CjHj- CHjOI.CgH,)^. Annidalin; Dithymol-iodid. An iodin compound used as a substitute for iodoform as an antiseptic dressing. It has the advantage of being odorless, and is used either in the powder form or as a five to ten per cent, ointment with vaselin or lanolin. Aristolochia (ar-is-to-lo' -ke-ah) [apjffrof, best; yMxei-f^, the lochia]. A genus of exogenous herbs, many species of which have active medicinal qualities. A. Clematitis, of Europe, has been used as a tonic, stimu- lant, and diaphoretic. A. cymbifera, of S. America, furnishes a part of the drug called Guaco (q.v.), and is a good tonic and stimulant. A. serpentaria (see Serp'entaria) is at present more used in medicine than any other species. Aristolochic (ar-is-to-lo^ -kilt) [dpjffrof , best ; 'hoxtia, the lochia]. I. Having the property of expelling the ' placenta, or of exciting or promoting the lochial dis- charge. 2. A medicine used for expelling the secun- dines or for exciting the lochial flow. Aristolochin (ar-is to-lo' -kin) [opiuro?, best; Tuoxsla, the lochia]. A bitter principle found in Virginia snake-root. See Serpentaria. Aristotle's Experiment. The double feeling experi- enced by the fingers when a single pebble is placed between the crossed fingers of one hand. Aristulate (ar-is' -tu-ldt) \aristula, dim. of Arista, awn or beard of grain] . In biology, having a short awn. Arithmomania (ar-ith-mo-ma' -ne-ah) [apiSii6(, a num- ber; fiavla, madness]. An insane anxiety with regard to the number of things that fall under the observation. Sometimes it consists in constant or uncalled-for counting, either of objects or in mere repeating of consecutive numbers. Arlt-Jaesche's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Arlt's Ointment. An ointment containing grs. viiss of belladonna to 3 JX "^ ^^"^ ointment, for use in bleph- arospasm. Arlt's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Arm (arm) [armare, to arm] . I . That part of the upper extremity from the shoulder to the wrist. 2. That por- tion of the stand connecting the body or tube of a microscope to the pillar. Armadillo (ar-ma-dil' -0) [Sp., dim. of armado, armed]. A trade-name for a proprietary arrangement of plates, straps, and buckles worn upon the person for its alleged electric effects. Armamentarium (ar-ma-men-ta'-re-um) [L. , an arsenal]. The outfit of medicines or instruments of the physician or surgeon. Arrasiiiam (ar-ma' -re-um) [L.]. ?iee Armamentarium. Armature (ar' -mat-chUr) [armatura, equipment]. A mass of soft iron at the extremity of a magnet. Also, the core of iron around which coils of insulated wire are wound or disposed. Arma urticaria (ar'-mah er-tik-a' -re-ak) [L.]. The urticating weapons of Ccelenterates. Arm-chair, Charcot's. See Shaking Cure. Armed Tape-worm. See Tenia solium. Armenian (ar-me' -ne-an) [Armenia] . Of or belonging to Armenia. A. Blue. Same as Ultramarine. A. Bole, a reddish, unctuous earth or clay formerly much used in medicine, now used in tooth-powders and in veterinary practice. It is absorbent and astringent. Armilla (ar-OTz'/'-a.i) [fflrwzzV/a, a bracelet, ring]. I. In biology, the annular ligament of the wrist ; a colored ring on the tibia of a bird or the plaited frill on the stipe of certain mushrooms. 2. The Gasserian gang- lion. Armpit (arm' -pit) \_armus, shoulder; puteus, a well]. The axilla. Armus (ar'-mus) [armus, dp/xdc, the shoulder'^. The arm, or the arm. and shoulder. Army Itch (ar'-me itch). A distressing chronic form of itch prevalent in the United States at the close of the civil war. The itching was intense. The erup- tion was seen especially on the arms, forearms, chest, abdomen, and lower extremities, particularly on the ulnar side of the forearm and inner aspect of the thigh. It resembled prurigo associated with vesicles, pustules, and eczema. ARNANDON GREEN 110 ARSENICAL Arnandon Green. Same as Mittler' s Green. Arnatto [ar-nat'-o). See Annotto. PiXracSi [ar' -nik-ah) \\^.: gen., Arnic(E\. A genus of com- posite-flowered plants. The name in medicine de- notes tlie plant commonly known as " Leopard's bane," A. niontana. Both flowers and roots are used in medicine. Its properties are probably due to an alkaloid, trintethylamin , C3H9N. In small doses it is a cardiac stimulant ; in larger doseS a depressant. In toxic doses it frequently causes death. It is a popular remedy, when locally applied, for sprains, bruises and surface wounds, and is valuable also in typhus and typhoid fevers as an antipyretic. A., Emplastrum, contains ext. of root 33, resin plaster 67 parts. A., Ext. Radicis. Dose gr. j-iij. A., Ext. Rad. Fid. Dose tt\,v-xx. A., Infusum, 20 parts flowers, 100 parts water. Superior to the tincture for local use. A., Tinct.,20percent. Dose tt\,v-xxx. A., Tinct. Rad., 10 per cent. Dose t1\,v-xxx. Trimethylamin,{v.iioi.). Dose gr. ij-iij in syrup. Arnicae flores, arnica flow- ers. Arnicse radix, the root of arnica. Amicin {ar^-nis~in) \_arnica], C20H3QO4. A brownish, bitter glucosid extracted from the flowers of Arnica montana. Arnold's Convolution. See Convolutions, Table of. A. Fold, valvula lachrynialis superior, a fold of the mucous membrane seen in the lachrymal sac. A. Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of. A. Nerve. See Nerves, Table of. A. Plexus. See Plexus. Arnott's Method. See Treatment, Methods of . A. Mixture. See Frigorific Mixture. A. Ventilator. See Ventilation. Aroma (ar-o'-mah) [apa/ia, spice]. The volatile fra- grant or odorous emanation of certain vegetable sub- stances. Aromatic {ar-o-mat^ -ik) [_apo}fta, spice]. I. Having a spicy odor. 2. A substance characterized by a frag- rant, spicy taste and odor, as cinnamon, ginger, the es- sential oils, etc. A stimulant to the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane. 3. A qualification applied to a series of carbon compounds originating from a nucleus composed of six carbon-atoms, C^Hg. Their stability is relatively great as compared to the fatty bodies. A. Acids, those of the benzin-group of hydrocarbons. A. Compound, any benzyl-derivative. A. Fid. Ext., aromatic powder 100, alcohol q. s. A. Group, a series of hydrocarbons having the composition Cjq- H|g. A. Powrder. See Cinnamomum. A. Vine- gar, any mixture of aromatic oils with vinegar. It is used as a stimulating agent. See Acetum. Aromin [ar-o' -min) [apafia, spice]. An alkaloid ob- tainable from urine, after creatinin, etc., have been removed from the mother-liquor. When heated it emits a fragrant pdor. Arquatus (ar-kwa' -tus) [L., a rainbow]. Showing several colors. A. morbus, an old name for jaun- dice, from the discoloration of the skin ; rainbow disease. Arrack [ar^-ak) [Ind.]. Any alcoholic liquor is called arrack in the East, but arrack proper is a liquor dis- tilled from toddy, malted rice, or dates. Arrak (ar'-ak). See Arrack. Arrector {ar-ek'-tor) [L., an erector]. A name applied to certain muscles. A. pili Muscle, a fan-like ar- rangement of a layer of smooth muscular fibers sur- rounding the hair follicle, whose contraction erects the follicle and produces cutis anserina or " goose- skin." Arrest [ar-est') [ad, to; restare, to withstand]. Stop- page, detention. Arrested development, is when an organ or organism fails in its normal evolution, stopping at the initial or intermediate stages of the process. Arrested head, when in parturition the chUd' s head is hindered but not impacted in the pelvic cavity. Arrestation (ar-es-ta' -shun) . Same as Arrest. Arrhea (ah-re'-ah) [a priv.; /10m, a flow]. The cessa- tion or suppression of any discharge. Arrhenotocia (ar-en-o-to'-se-ah) [^appijv, male ; rdjcof, a bringing forth] . A form of parthenogenesis in which without coitus male eggs are deposited, as in bees. Arrhinia {ah-rin' -e-ah). Same as Arhinia. Arrhizous {ah-ri'-zus) [a priv.; plC,a, a root]. In biology, destitute of roots or rhizoids, as parasitic plants, certain mosses, hepaticse, etc. Arrhythmia (ah-rith'-me-ah) [lipriv. ; /)tjS|U(if, rhythm]. Absence of rhythm ; chiefly used in the expression ar- rhythmia cordis, denoting irregularity or lack of rhythm in the heart's action. See Cardiac Rhythm. Arrhythmic (ah-rith'-mik) [d priv. ; />v0/i6g, rhythm]. Without rhythm ; irregular. Arrhythmous {ah-rith' -mus). See Arrhythmic. Arrhythmy {ah-rith'-me) . Same as Arrhythmia. Arrovr-poison {ar' -o-poi' -zun). See Curare and Gzia- chamaco. Arrowroot iar'-o-rooi) [ME., arow ; roote\ A kind of starch derived from Maranta arundinacea of the West Indies, Southern States, etc. It is a popular remedy for diarrhea, and is widely used as a food. Many other starchy preparations are sold as arrow- root. Arsenate, or Arseniate [ar'-sen-al, ar - se' - ne - at) [^arsenium']. Any salt of arsenic acid. Ferrous arseniate, arseniate of iron, sparingly used in medi- cine : it is the ferri arsenias of the B. P. It is a tasteless, greenish powder, combining the effects of iron and arsenic ; used largely in anemia and skin diseases. Dose gr. -j^-i. Arseniasis (arsen-i'-as-is). Same as Arsenism. Arsenic, Arsenicum, or Arsenum (ar'-sen-ik, ar- sen^-i/e um, ox ar-se'-num). As = 75 » quantivalence III, V. A non-metal having a metallic luster and crys- talline structure. In small doses it is a stomachic and general tonic, promoting appetite and cardiac action, and stimulating mental activity. It is of great value in irritative dyspepsia, and is sometimes used internally to blanch and clear the skin. In larger doses it creates skin-eruptions and behaves as a violent corrosive poison, acting with cumulative eff'ect. Externally, it is a pow- erful escharotic, used in cancer. Only the salts and oxids are used in medicine. A. acid., arsenous acid, white arsenic, " ratsbane," As^Oj. Dose gr. j^-i's. A., acid., liquor. .(Z/y. arsenici hydrochlorici, B. P.), a I per cent, solution of the acid in hydrochloric acid and distilled' water. Dose tt\_ij-x. Ferri arsenas, FcjAsjOg. Dose gr. ^^\. Liq. Ar- senici hydrochlor. (B. P.). Dose rt\_ij-viij. Po- tassii arsenit., Liq. (^Liquor Arsenicalis, B. P.). Fowler's solution, contains A. acid I, potass, bicar- bonate I, comp. tinct. lavender 3, and distilled water q. s. ad 100 parts. Dose tl\,ij-x. Sodii arsenas, Na2HAs04.7H20. Dose of the dried salt gr. jV-ti- Sodii arsenat., Liq., Pearson's solution. Dose, Tt\^ij-xv. A. iodid, Aslj. Dose gr. ^-J. A. et hydrargyri iod., Liq., liquor of the iodid of arsenic and mercury, Donovan's solution, contains A. iodid I, mercuric iodid I, distilled water loo parts. Dose n\,ij-x. A. bromas, AsBr, valuable in diabetes. Dose gr. ^. A. brom., Liq., Clemens' solution, a one per cent, solution of the arsenite of bromin. Dose Tt\, j-iv. The tests for arsenic are Fleitmann's, Marsh's, and Reinsch's, for which see Tests, Table of. Arsenical (ar-sen' -ik-al) [arsenum, arsenic]. Per- taining to arsenic. A. Devitalizing Fiber, used AR&ENICALISM 111 ARTERIOSITY in places where pastes would be dangerous, from leakage. 9:. Absorbent cotton (cross-cut fine) Arsenous oxid, gr. v Acetate of tnorphin, gr. x Oily carbolic acid, q. s., to very thin paste. Saturate cotton witii paste and dry. A. Paste (Pate Arsenicale) , a French composition, used as application for destroying the pulps of decayed teeth. 9!. Arsenous oxid, gr. v Acetate of morphiu, gr. x Mull in mortar; moisten cotton pellet in either oil of cloves, eugenol, oily carbolic acid, or dental aconite, and dip into powder. See also Frire Corne. Arsenicalism (ar-sen'-ik-al-izm). Same as Arsenism. Arsenicism (ar-sen'-is-izm). Same as Arsenism, Arsenicophagy {ar-sen-ik-off' -a Je) [arsenum, arsenic ; (jiayclv, to eat]. The habitual eating of arsenic. Arsenism (ar' -sen-izm) [arsenum, arsenic]. Chronic arsenical poisoning ; arsenicalism. Arsenite (ar' -sen-it) \arsenum, arsenic]. Any salt of arsenous acid. Arsenization (ar-seti-iz-a' -shun) [arsenum, arsenic]. Treatment with arsenical remedies. Arsenoblast (ar-sen' -o-blast) [aparjv, male; I3?.aar6(, germ]. In biology, the male element of the sexual cell, capable of multiplication by division ; the oppo- site of the thelyblast or female element. Arsenous, or Arsenious (ar'-sen-us, ar-se' -ne-us) [ar- senum, arsenic]. Containing arsenic. A. Acid. See Arsenic. Arse-smart (ars' -smart). See Polygonum hydropifer. Arsins (ar'-sinz) [arsenum, arsenic]. Peculiar volatile arsenical bases found by Selmi to be produced by the contact of arsenous acid and albuminous substances. Arsonium (ar-so' -ne-um) [arsenum, arsenic ; ammo- nium'], AsHj. A univalent radical in which arsenic replaces the nitrogen of ammonium. KTSxaSi (ar-su' -rah) [L., a "burn"]. Anoldnamefor gonorrhea. Art (art) [ars, artis, skill]. Skill; dexterity. A., Dental, the application of the rules of dental surgery to the treatment of the diseases of the teeth and the replacement of the loss of those organs. Artanthe (ar-tan' -the) [L.]. A genus of piperaceous plants. A. elongata, the plant that affords the drug Matico, q. V. It is a vine of the pepper family, a native of Peru. Artefact (ar' -te-fakt) . See Artifact. Artemisia (ar-tem-is' -e-ah) [^kpTefu^, the goddess Diana] . A genus of plants of the order compositse. A. abroXSinam, southern wood, is stimulant, tonic, and vermifuge, and is popularly used as a vulnerary. It is similar in properties to wormwood. Dose of fld. ext. ITLx-xx. Unof A. absinthium, ^te Absinthe. A. maritima affords pure Wormseed, q. v. A. vul- garis, mugwort, is a popular remedy in various diseases. Arteria (ar-te' -re-ah) [aprepia, the trachea]. Hollow tubes. The plural was applied to the bronchial tubes. The ancients supposed these filled with vital spirit during life. See Artery. Arteriac (ar-te' -re-ai) [aprepia, the trachea]. I. Per- taining to the trachea, or to the arteries. 2. A remedy used in diseases of the trachea or of the arteries. Arteriagra (ar-ter-e-a' -grah) [aprepia, trachea; aypa, a seizure]. Neuralgia of an artery. AneTial (ar-te' -re-a/) [apTE/am, the trachea]. Pertain- ing to an artery. Arterialization [ar-te-re-al-iz-a' -shun) [aprepia, the trachea]. The process of making or becoming arte- rial ; the change from dark, venous blood into that which is bright-red, as in the arteries. Arteriarctia (ar-te-re-ark' -te-ah) [aprepia, trachea ; arctus, bound] . Constriction or stenosis of an artery. Arteriectasis (ar-te-re-ek' -tas-is) [aprepia, trachea ; iKraaig, a stretching out]. Arterial dilatation. Arteriectopia (ar-te-re-ek-to' -pe-ah) [aprepia, trachea; eKTOvoq, out of place]. Displacement or abnormality in the course of an artery. Arterin (ar'-ter-in) [aprepia, trachea] . Hoppe-Seyler's term for the arterial blood-pigment as contained in the corpuscles. Arterioarctia (ar-te-re-o-ark' -te-ah) . See Arteriarctia. Arterio-capillary (ar-te-re-o-kap'-il-a-re) [aprepia, trachea ; capillus, a hair] . Pertaining to arteries and capillaries. A. Fibrosis, the undue augmentation, or abnormal preponderance, of connective-tissue ele- ments in the walls of capillaries and arteries. Arteriodiastasis (ar-te-re-o-di-as' -tas-is) [aprepia, trachea ; (hdaraaic, separation] . The retraction of the two ends of a divided artery. Arterio-fibrosis (ar-te-re-o-fi-bro' -sis) [^repia, trachea ; fibra, a fiber] . A term applied to the condition of the arterial capillaries in chronic interstitial disease. Arteriogram (ar-te' -re-o-gram). See Sphygmogram. Arteriograph (ar-te' -re-o-graf) [aprepia, trachea; jpcupeiv, to record], A form of sphygmograph. Arteriography (ar-te-re-og'-ra-fe) [aprepia, trachea ; ypcKJi?!, a writing] . i . A description of the arteries. 2. The graphic representation of the pulse- waves or of the arterial blood-current. Arteriola (ar-te-ri' -o-lah) [L.: //. , Arteriolte]. An arteriole. Arteriolae Rectae (ar-te-re-o' -le rek' -te) [L. ]. The small blood-vessels that supply the medullary pyramids of the kidneys. Arteriole (ar-te' -re-ol) [arteriola]. A very small artery. Arteriology (ar-te-re-ol' -0- je) [aprepia, trachea; /l(i)-of, science]. The science of the arteries; the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the arteries. Arteriomalacia (ar-te-re-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [aprepia, trachea ; fiaXania, softness] . The softening of an artery. Arteriopathy (ar-te-re-op' -a-the) [aorepia, trachea; ■Kidoi, illness]. Anydisease of an artery or of arteries. Arteriophlebotomy (ar-te-re-o- Jle-bot' -o-me) [aprepia, trachea ; ^/Ui/i, a vein ; rtfivem, to cut] . Local blood- letting. Arterioplania (ar-te-re-o-pla' -ne-ah) [aprepia, trachea; irTM-vaaBat, to wander] . Deviation or tortuousness in the course of an artery. Arterio-renal (ar-te-re-o-re'-nal) [a^repm, trachea ; ren, the kidney]. Pertaining to the renal blood-vessels. A. Disease, a pathologic condition of middle life characterized by an early stage of renal cirrhosis due primarily to vascular lesions. Its symptoms are mainly high vascular tension, albuminuria, and tendency to apoplectic seizures. Arteriorrhagia (ar-te-re-or-a' -je-ah) [aprepia, trachea ; pifYmaBai, to break forth]. Arterial hemorrhage. Arteriorrhexis (ar-te-re-or-eks' -is) [aprepia, trachea ; pij^iQ, a bursting] . Rupture of an artery. Arteriosclerosis (ar-te-re-o-skle-ro'-sis) [aprepia, trachea ; aiAijpdQ, hard] . The hardening of the walls of an artery, and especially of the intima. See Endarteritis. Arterio-sclerotic (ar-te-re-o-skle-rof -ik ) [aprepia, trachea ; axXr/pdc, hard] . Pertaining to arteriosclerosis. A. Kidney. See Bright 's Disease. Arteriosity (ar-te-re-os' -il-e) [aprepia, trachea]. The quality of being arterious, or arterial. 112 en ^--&W--^I h B o u t< ID a p- 3 c TS , joint; (pXiyeiv, to bum]. Inflammation of a joint. Arthrophragm (ar' -thro-fram) \apBpov, a joint ; ^piiy^a.afence]. Partitions between the articulations of arthropods. Arthroplasty {ar' -thro-plas-te) [apSpov, a joint; TvAdaaeiv, to form]. The making of an artificial joint. Arthropleure (ar' -thro-plur') {&pBpm, a joint-; vXmpi., the side] . One of the pleurites or lateral pieces com- posing a somite of an arthropod. Arthropodous (ar-throp' -o-dus) {apBpm, a joint; Troif, a foot]. In biology, having jointed legs. Arthropyosis (ar-thro-pi-o' -sis) [apBpov, a joint ; niiuati, suppuration] . Pus-formation in a joint. Arthrosia (ar-thro' -ze-ah) \a,pBpm, a joint]. Painful inflammatory or other affection of a joint. Arthrosis {ar-thro' -sis) \apBp6uv, to fasten by a joint] . Articulation or jointing. Arthrospore [ar'-thro-spor) [apBpov, a joint ; andpoQ, a seed]. In biology, a spore formed by fission, as opposed to an endospore. Arthrosterigma [ar-thro-ster-ig' -mah) [apBpov, a joint ; ari/piy/M, a support : //. , Art/irosterigmata'] . In biol- ogy, a jointed sterigma, as in many lichens. Arthrostome (ar'-thro-stom) [hpBpm, a joint ; arSfta, a mouth]. L. Agassiz's name for the mouth of articu- lates. Compare Actinostome. Arthrosjo'inx (ar-thro-sir' -ingks) [apBpov, a joint ; avpcy^, a pipe] . A fistulous opening into a joint. Arthrotome (ar' -thro-tom) [apBpov, joint ; T0/j.6g, a cut- ting], A stout knife used in the surgery of the joints. Arthrotomy {ar-throf -o-me) [apBpov, a. joint ; ri/ivciv, to cut]. Incision of a joint. Arthrous {ar'-thrus) [apBpov, a joint] . Pertaining to a joint or joints ; jointed. Arthroxesis (ar-throks'-es-is) [apBpov, joint ; f^oif, a scraping] . The surgical treatment of an articular sur- face by scraping. Artiad (ar'-te-ad) [dpriof , even] . In chemistry, a term used to designate atoms having an even quantivalence, as oxygen, which is bivalent, iron quadrivalent, and sulphur hexivalent. Articular (ar-tik' -u-lar) [articularis, of the joints]. Pertaining to an articulation or joint. Articulate (ar-tik' -u-lat) [articulare to divide in joints]. Divided into joints, distinct. A. Speech, the com- munication of ideas by spoken words. ARTICULATION 139 ARTIFICIAL Articulation {ar-tik-u-ia'-shun)'\articulus, a joint], i. A joint or arthrosis ; a connection betweeii two or more bones, whether allowing movement between them or not. The articulations are divided into,: (l) Synarthroses, immovable, subdivided into sckiridykses, or grooved joints, gomphqses, in sockets, as the tfeeth, ' ani suiurcz, as in the bones of the skull; [2) Diatth- roses, ox movable joints, subdivided into the arlhrodia, or gilding joints, the ginglyrnus, or hinge-like, the enarthrosts, or ball-and-socket joints ; (3)' Amphiar- throses, or those of a mixed type. 2. The enuncia- tion of spoken speech. A. of Artificial Teeth, the adjustment and arrarigiement of oile or more artificial teeth, so that it, or they, when placed in the mouth, shall sustain the same relationship to the organs with which they antagonize, when the jaws are closed-, as the natural teeth did previous to their loss. A., Con- fluent, the clipping of words, or running together of syllables — a symptom of certain cerebral diseases. A. of Models. %&& Models for Artificial Teeth, Antago- nizing. A. Positions. See Consonants. A. of the Teeth.. See Teeth,. Articulation of. Articulator {ctr-tii' -u-td-tor) \_articulus, a joint]. An instrument used in mechanical dentistry for holding the models in position while the artificial teeth are being arranged and antagonized upon the plates. Articuli (ar-i'z/5'-«-/«') . See Lenticula. Articulo mortis, In [ar-tik' -u-h mor'-tis) [L.]. At the moment of death. In the act of dying. Artifact [ar'-te-fact) \ars, art ; facere , to make]. In microscopy and histology, a structure that has been produced by mechanical, chemical, or other artificial means ; a structure or tissue that has been changed from its natural state. A.T\ificiai(ar-tefish'-al) \artificialis'\. Made or imitated by art; A. Anus, an opening in the abdomen to give exit to the feces ; an opening made in case of imperforate anus. A. Crowns, porcelain crowns of teeth designed to be united to the roots of natural teeth ; what is commonly called by the misnomer " pivot tooth. " A. Dentine, a preparation composed of pure gutta-percha, while in a softened state, mixed with mineral substances, and used for temporary fill- ings. See Temporary Stopping. A. Eye, a film of glass, celluloid, rubber, etc., made in imitation of the front part of the- globe of the eye and worn in the socket or over a blind eye for cosmetic reasons. A. Feeding, the feeding of an infant by other means than mother's milk. Various mixtures and foods are to be had, such as Meigs's, RotcKs, Biedert's Mixtures, etc. , q. v. See Table at end of this article. A. Joint, or false joint, the non-united ends of a broken bone. A. Leech. See Leech. A. Palate, a mechanical contrivance for supplying the loss of the whole or a portion of the hard or soft palate, or both. A. Pupil, removal of a piece of the iris {iridectomy, iridodialysis , etc.), to allow the light to pass through the opening. A. Respiration, the aeration of the blood by artificial means. A method of inducing the normal function of respiration when from any cause it is temporarily in abeyance, as in asphyxia neonatorum, drowning, etc. Bain's Method, a modification of Sylvester's method, the axilla itself being seized so that the traction is made directly upon the pectoral muscles, Byrd' s{H.L.) Method ; the physi- cian's hands are placed under the middle portion of the child's back with their ulnar borders in contact and at right angles to the spine. With the thumbs extended, the two extremities of the trunk are carried forward by gentle but firm pressure, so that they form an angle of 45 degrees with each other in the diaphragmatic region. Then the angle is reversed by carrying backward the shoulders and the nates.' Dew's Method; the infant is grasped in, the, left hand, allowing, the neck to rest between the thumb and forefinger, the head falling far over backward. The upper portion of the back and scapulae rest in the palm of the hand, the other three 'fingers being inserted in the axilla of the babe's left arm, raising it upward and outward. The right hand grasps the babe's knees, and the lower portion of the body is depressed to favor inspiration. The move- ment is reversed to favor expiration, the head, shoulders, and chest being brought forward and the thighs pressed upon the abdomen. Forests Method ; the child is placed on its face and quick, violent pres- sure is made on the back ; then it is placed in a pail of hot water, and the hands carried upward until the child is suspended by its arms, and mouth- to-mouth insufflation is practised ; the arms are then lowered and the body doubled forward ; these move- ments are repeated at the rate of 40 per minute. Hall 's Method; by turning the body alternately upon the side or face to compress the chest, and then upon the back to allow the lungs to expand. Howard's Method ; by pressure upon the lower ribs every few seconds. Pacini' s Method ; for resuscitating asphyxi- ated infants. The child lying on its back, the operator stands at its head, and grasps the axillae, pulling the shoulders forward and upward to com- press the thorax, and allowing them to fall in order to expand the chest. Satterthwaite' s Method ; pres- sure upon the abdomen alternating with relaxation to allow descent of the diaphragm. Schrceder's Method ; the babe while in a bath is supported by the opera- tor on the back, its head, arms, and pelvis being allowed to fall backward ; a forceful expiration is then effected by bending up the babe over its belly, thereby compressing the thorax. Schultze's Method : the child is seized from behind with both hands, by the shoulders, in such a way that the right index finger of the operator is in the right axilla of the child from behind forward, and the left index finger in the left axilla, the thumbs hanging loosely over the clavicles. The other three fingers hang diagonally downward along the back of the thorax, The opera- tor stands with his feet apart and holds the child as above, practically hanging on the index fingers in the first position, with the feet downward, the whole weight resting on the index fingers in the axillae, the head being supported by the ulnar borders of the hands. This is the first inspirato»y position. At once the operator swings the child gently forward and up- ward. When the operator's hands are somewhat above the horizontal the child is moved gently, so that the lower end of the body falls forward toward its head. The body is not flung over, but moved gently until the lower end rests on the chest. In this position the chest and upper end of the abdomen are compressed tightly. The child's thorax rests on the tips of the thumbs of the operator. As a result of this forcible expiration the fluids usually pour out of the nose and mouth of the infant. The child is allowed to rest in this position (the first expiratory position) about one or two seconds. The operator gradually lowers his arms, the child's body bends back, and he again holds the infant hanging on his index fingers with its feet downward ; this is the second inspiratory position. These movements are repeated 15 to 20 times. in the minute.. Sylvester's vMjMoa?, chiefly by movements of the arms. This method is valueless in asphyxia neo- natorum, owing to non-development of the pectoral muscles. A. Urticaria, a condition much resembling that seen in the autographic skin q. v. At 'Vitre- ous. See Bvisceration. ARTUS 140 ASCHISTODACTYLISM ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF INFANTS. Table of Quantity Required. < i 1 z . 3- s h li. < ist week, . ... 2 hours. 10 I OZ. 10 ozs. 2d to 4th week, . . . 2 " 9 I'A ozs. ^iH 2d to 3d month, 3 " 6 3 18 3d to 4th month, . . 3 " 6 4 24 4th to sth month, . . 3 " 6 4-4j^ " 24-27 6th mon'h, .... 3 " 6 5 30 Sth month, . ... 3 " 6 6 36 10th month, .... 3 " 5 8 40 " Artus [ar'-tus) [L,.:pl., Artus^. A joint; a limb; the joints collectively. Aryepiglottic {ar-e-ep-e-glof -ik) . Same as Aryteno- epiglottic. Aiytenoepiglottic {ar-i' -ten-o-ep-e-glof -ik) [apvraiva, a pitcher ; eMof, likeness ; eni, upon ; yTMrrlq, glottis] . Relating to an arytenoid cartilage and to the epiglottis ; as the aryteno-epiglottic fold (or folds) , con- sisting of a fold of mucous membrane that extends from either arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis. Arytenoid {ar-i-te' -noid) \jxpvTaiva^ a pitcher ; eZrfof, likeness]. Resembling the mouth of a pitcher. A. cartilages, two cartilages of the larynx regulating, by the means of the attached muscles, the tension of the vocal cords. A. Glands, muciparous glands found in large numbers along the posterior margin of the aryteno-epiglottidean fold in front of the arytenoid cartilages. A. Muscle, arises from the posterior sur- face of one arytenoid cartilage and is inserted into the corresponding parts of the other. It is composed of three planes of fibers, two oblique and one transverse. It draws the arytenoid cartilages together. Aiythmia Uir-ith' -me-ah) . ^e.^ Arrhythmia. Arythmic (ar-ith'-mik). See Arrhythmic Asa (a'-jfl/i) [Pers., aza, mastic]. A gum. A. dulcis, benzoin ; also the drug called laser. Asafetida (as-a-fet^^id-ah) \_asa, gum ; fcetida, stink- ing], A resinous gum obtained from the root of Ferula faetida ani F. scordosoma. It is somewhat solu- ble in alcohol and forms an emulsion with water. Its properties are due to allyl sulphid , CgH,|,S . It is a power- ful antispasmodic, stimulant, and expectorant, and is very serviceable in hysteria and bronchial affections. Dosegr. v-xx. A. tinct., strength zo per cent. Dose ,^ss-ij. A. emplastrum, asafetida 35, lead plaster 35, galbanum 15, yellow wax 15, alcohol 120 parts. A., Enema (B. I".), asafetida and distilled water. A., Emulsum, a 4 percent, emulsion. Dose §ss-^ij. A. at magnesiae mist., Dewees's carminative, magne- sium carb. 5, tinct. asafetida 7, tinct. opii i, sugar 10, aq. dest. ad loo parts. Dose ^ss-^ss. A. piluls, contain each gr. iij of asafetida and gr. j of soap. Dose j-iv. A. et Aloes pil., have gr. ij^ of each ingredient. A. pil. comp. (B. P.). Galbani pil. comp. SeeGnlbanum. Ammonice fcetidus spt. , con\.nms asafetida i)^, liq. ammoniEE fort, z, spirit 20 parts. Dose 3SS-J. Unof. Asagrea, or Asagraea (as-a-gre' -ah) [Asa Gray, an American botanist]. A gen'us of meianthaceous herbs. A. officinalis. See Cehadilla. Asak (as'-ak). See Saraca indica. Asaphatum {as-af -ai-um) [Arab.]. An old name for comedones. Asaphia (as-af-i' -ah) [dffd^Ejd, indistinctness]. Indis- tinctness of utterance, especially that due to cleft palate. Asaprol {as'-ap-rol), Ca(OH.Ci„HjS03)2,3Aq. Cal- cium - P - naphthol - a - mono - sulphonate , a substance readily soluble in water and alcohol , and recommended as an antiseptic in 5 per cent, solution. It is also used in acute articular rheumatism in doses of from 15 to 60 grains. Asarabacca {as-ar-ab-ak'-ah) [d priv. ; aeLpa, a band ; bacca, a berry]. The plant Asarum europaum, an errhin, aperient, and emetic. Unof. Pk.'Sa.rchSL {ah-sar'-se-ah) [d priv.; adp^, flesh]. Ema- ciation ; leanness. Asarin (as'-ar-iii). Same as Asarone. Asarkia [ah-sar'-ke-ah) . See Asarcia. Asarol {as'-ar-dl) [aaapov, asarabacca; oleum, oil], CjdHijO. A camphor-like body derived from asarum. Asarone {as'-ar-Sn) [aaapov, asarabacca], CjqHjjOj. Asarin. The solid component of the oil from Asarum europceum. It forms monoclinic prisms, melting at 61°, and boils at 295°. It has an aromatic taste, and smells like camphor. Asarum {as'-ar-um) [aaapov, asarabacca]. A genus of aristolochiaceous plants. A. europaeum has diaph- orectic, emetic, purgative, and diuretic qualities, but is now little used except in veterinary practice. A. canadense, called wild ginger, Canada snakeroot, with other N. American species, are used chiefly in domestic practice. A. canadense is a fragrant, aro- matic stimulant. Dose of fld. ext. n\, xv-gss. Unof. Asbestos (as-bes' -tos) [aa^earog, unquenchable]. A mineral more or less flexible and fibrous. It is used in mechanical dentistry, mixed with plaster, as a substi- tute for sand, to form the investment preparatory to soldering. In surgery, it has also a limited use. Ascariasis {as-kar-i' -as-is) [aanapt^etv, to jump]. The symptoms produced by the presence of ascarides in the gastro-intestinal canal. Ascaricide {as-kar'-is-ld) [ascaris, a mite ; cadere, to kill]. A medicine that kills ascarides. Ascarides {as-kar'-id-lz,). See Thread-worms. Ascaridiasis [as-kar-id-i' -as-is) [aaiiapiX,uv, to jump]. The presence of ascarides in the intestine. Ascaris (as'-kar-is) [haKapifym to jump : pi. , Ascarides\ A genus of the family Ascaridce. Parasitical worms inhabiting the bodies, and especially the intestines, of most animals. A. lumbricis, is found in the ox, hog and man. It inhabits the small intestine, especi- ally of children. A. mystax, the round-worm of the cat, and A. alata have rarely been found in man. A. vermicularis, a synonym of Oxyuris ver- micularis. See Parasites, Table of. Ascending {as-end^ -ing) [ascendere, to rise]. Taking an upward course (as parts of the aorta, and colon, and as one of the venae cavse). A. Current, in electricity, one going from the periphery to a nerve-center. A. Metamorphosis. Same as Anabolism. A. Para- lysis. See Paralysis. Ascherson's Vesicles. The peculiar small globules formed when oil and an albuminous fluid are agitated together. Formerly thought to be cells. Ascheturesis ( as-ket-u-re' -sis ) [ dffjErof, resistless ; o'ljpnaig, urination]. An uncontrollable desire to urinate ; irrepressible urination. Aschistodactylism [as-kis-to-dak' -til-izm) [d(r;y((rrof,un- cloven; ddxru^of, a finger]. A synonym of .Sy«(/af^- lism. ASCIA 141 ASEXUAL Ascia {af-se-ah or as'-ke-ah) [d priv. ; fffud, shadow]. Fascia spiralis; dolabra currens ; a spiral bandage applied without reverses, each turn of which overlaps the preceding for about a third of its width. Dolabra repens, is the same as the preceding, in which, how- ever, the spirals are formed more obliquely, and do not overlap each other, but are separated by a greater or less interval. Ascidiutn (as-id' -e-uni) [dincMfov, dim. of aaxS^, a wine- skin] . In biology, a pitcher, or a pitcher-shaped organ, as in the pitcher plant or bladder wort. Asciferous (as-if'-er-us) [d(T/c(if, a bladder (spec, a spore case) ; ferre, to bear] . Producing asci. Ascigerous (as-ij'-er-us) [ascus, a spore case ; gerere, to bear]. Ascus-bearing. Ascites {as-i'-tlz) [aamTriQ, a kind of dropsy ; from aoKSg, a bag] . An abnormal collection of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity ; dropsy of the peritoneum. It is either local in origin or a part of a general dropsy. The ascitic Jluid is usually clear, yellow, coagulating on standing, and if renal in origin contains urea. It may be turbid, blood-stained, and contain lymph-particles or shreds. There is a uniform enlargement of the ab- domen, fluctuation, percussion-dulness, etc. A. adi- posus. A milky appearance of ascitic fluid due to the presence in it of numerous cells that have undergone fatty degeneration and solution. It is seen in certain cases of cancer, tuberculosis, or chronic inflammation of the peritoneum. A. chylosus. The presence of chyle in a greater or less degree of purity in ascitic fluid. It follows rupture of the chyle duct. Ascitic, Ascitical (as-it'-ik, as-it'-ik-al) [aaiuTrjg, a kind of dropsy] . Pertaining to or affected with ascites . Asclepiad [as-kle'-pe-ad) ['Aff/c/li/Tridrf^f , a Greek poet]. In ancient Greece, any priest of Asclepias (.^Escula- pius) , of the family or class that claimed descent from that hero or demigod. The Asclepiads were also physicians, at least in some period of their history. Asclepiadin [as-kle-pi' -ad-in) [d(r/c/l;?!rtdf ] . A bitter glucosid obtainable from various species of Asclepias. It is poisonous, with emetic, purgative, and sudoriflc effects. Unof. Asclepias [as-kle^-pe-as) [dmA^mrif]. Pleurisy Root. The root of Asclepias tuberosa. A popular remedy in the Southern States for pleurisy. A powerful diapho- retic and a moderate emetic and cathartic. The in- fusion recommended has a strength of gj of the powdered root to ,^ xxxij of water. Dose, a teacupful every 3 or 4 hours. Also, A. curassavica. Blood- flower, an herb common to tropical America ; astrin- gent, styptic, and anthelmintic against the tapeworm. A popular remedy for checking capillary hemorrhage. Dose of fld. ext. jj-ij ; of the drug, gr. xx-xl. Unof. Many other species of this genus have active medicinal qualities, at present but little understood. A., Ext., Fid., the fluid extract. Dose g i-ij. Asclepin (as-kle'-pin) [aaiOi.riTn6q]. I. A poisonous principle obtainable from asclepiadin by the separation of glucose from the latter. It is a heart paralyzant, with reputed alterative, purgative, and diaphoretic effects. It is offensive to the taste and smell. Unof. 2. The precipitate from a tincture oi Asclepias tuberosa ; alterative, evacuant, tonic, sedative. Dose grs. ij-iv. Unof. Ascocarp (as' -ko-karp) [d<7K^c, a bag; mpndf, fruit]. In biology, the organ that in Ascomycetes and Lichenes produces ascospores. Ascococcus (as-ko-kok'-us) {kaK6g, a leather bag; k6kko(, a kernel] . A genus of the family of Schizo- mycetes. The ascococci are microorganisms made up of round or ovoid cells ; with elements united in massive colonies, surrounded by tough, thick, gelatin- ous envelops. A. Billrothii, found in putrefied meat ; its natural habitat is the air ; zymogenic, probably not pathogenic. See Bacteria, Table of. Ascogenous (as-koj' -en-us) [dcr/ciif, a bag ; yeviiq, pro- ducing]. In biology, producing asci. Ascogonium (as-ko-go' -ne-um) \_daii6c, a bag ; yoviif, pro- ducing]. In biology, the corkscrew-shaped female organ of the mould-fungi. It is formed by several fine branches given off' from a mycelium ; an archicarp, or, generally, an imperfectly developed carpogonium. Ascomycefer {as-ko-mi-se'-ter) [aandg, a bag; /iiinr/g, mushroom] . In biology, a group of fungi including morchella, helvella, leotia, etc. , which have cup-shaped depressions, lacunae, and sinuosities. Aspergillus, penicillium, and oldium belong here. Ascophora [os-koff'-o-raK) \aaK6g, a bag ; (fiepelv, to bear] . A genus of fungi. A. elegans, a vegetable growth occasionally found in the ear ; bread-mould. A. mucedo, a microscopic fungus, of which the mould of bread is an example. Ascophore {as'-ko-fir) [d(7/c3f , a bag ; fepelv, to bear] . The spore-bearing stage, surface, or hyphae of a fungus. Ascospore {as' -ko-spor) [haKdg, a bag; andpoQ, seed]. In biology a spore produced by or in an ascus. Ascus [as'-kus) [aandg, a bag, or bladder]. In biology, the characteristic spore case of some fungi and lichens, usually consisting of a single terminal cell containing eight spores. Ascyphous {as'-if-us) [d priv.; aiwipog, a cup]. In botany, without scyphi or cup-shaped fruiting organs, as some lichens. Asecretory (a,4-ji?'-/5r^^-o-?-if)[dpriv.; secretus, separate]. Dry ; without secretion. Asellus (as-el'-us) [L.]. An old name for the cod. Oleum jecinoris aselli, cod-liver oil. ' Asemasia {as-em-a' -ze-aK) [d priv. ; arifiaaia, a signal- ing]. Absence of the power to communicate either by signs or language. Asemia (ah-se' -me-aK) [d priv.; afijia, a sign]. In^ ability to form, express, or understand any sign, token, or symbol of thought or feeling, whether speech, writing or gesture. Asepsable (ah-sep' -sa-bl) [a priv. ; a^\l>ig, putrefaction]. A less correct form of the word Aseptizable. Asepsin (ah-sep' -sin) . See Antisepsin. Asepsis (sA-j^^'-jm) [d priv. ; ff^Trciv, to putrefy] . The condition of non-putrefaction ; absence of all septic material or pathogenic microorganisms. Aseptic (ah-sep' -tik) [d priv. ; cfr^ig, putrefaction]. Free from pathogenic bacteria, or septic matter. The antiseptic treatment of wounds, including aseptic and antiseptic dressings, renders the wound aseptic. Asepticism (ah-sep' -tis-izm) [d priv. ; arinTbg, septic]. The doctrine or principles of aseptic surgery. Asepticity (ah-sep-tis' -it-e') [d priv. ; aifKTtq, septic]. Quality of being aseptic. Asepticize (ah-sep' -tis-li) [d priv. ; (Tj/Trrdf, septic]. To render aseptic ; to free from the power of conveying septic poison. Aseptin (ah-sep' -tin) [d priv.; ar/Trrdg, septic]. A secret preparation containing boric acid, used for preserving articles of food. Aseptizable (ah-sep'-tis-a-bl) [d priv. ; airrrrdg, septic]. Susceptible of being rendered aseptic. Aseptol (ah-sep'-tol) [d priv. ; atiirrdg, septic], C^H,,- SO4. Sulphocarbolic acid ; sozolic acid. A reddish liquid, with an odor of carbolic acid, recommended as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It is used externally (l : 1000), and internally in about the same dose as carbolic acid. Asexual (ah-seks'-u-al) [d priv. ; sextis, sex]. With- out sex ; non-sexual. ASH 142 ASPIRATE Ash {ash) [ME. asc/t]. See Fraxinus. A. manna. See Fraxinus. A., Poison. See Chionanthus. A., Prickly. See Xanthoxylum. Asialia (as-e-a'-le-aX) [d priv. ; aiahiv, spittle]. Defect or failure of the secretion of saliva. Asialorrhea {as-e-al-or-e' -aK) . Same as Asialia. Asiatic (a-ze-af -ik') [Asia]. Pertaining or belonging to Asia. A. Cholera. See Cholera. A. Pill, a method of administering arsenic in skin diseases. The formula is, arsenious acid gr. ij ; black pepper, powdered licorice, each gr. xxxij ; mucilage q. s. M. et ft. pil. no. xxxij. S. One to be taken t. d. after meals. Asimina {as-im-e'-nah) [L.]. A genus of trees. A. triloba. The papaw or pawpaw tree of North America, bearing an edible fruit. Asiminin (as-im^ -in-in) \_asiniina\. An alkaloid de- rived from the seeds of Asimina tt iloba. It has active medicinal properties but is not much used. Unof Asitia [ah~sish^ -e-ah) [ct priv. ; (jirof , food] . The want of food. Also a loathing for food. Asmegmatia {ah-smeg-ma' -shi-ah) [d priv. ; c/i^y/ia, an unguent] . Deficiency or lack of smegma. Asomata {ah-so' -mat-ah) [d priv. ; aiifia, body]. A species of omphalositic monster characterized by an absence of the trunk. The head is never well-formed, and the vessels run from it to the placenta in the membranes. Beneath the head is a sac in which rudiments of body organs may be found. This is the rarest form of omphalosites. Also called Acardiacus acormus. Asomia {ah-so^-me-ah). See Acormus. Aspalasoma {as-pal-as-(/ -mah) [dff7rd>^a^, mole ; GoifUi, body] . A variety of single autositic monsters of the species celosoma, in which there is a lateral or median eventration occupying principally the lower portion of the abdomen, with the urinary apparatus, the genital apparatus, and the rectum opening externally by three distinct orifices. Asparagin (as-par' -ag-in) [^aandpayoc, asparagus], C4H8N203. H2O3. An alkaloid isomeric with malamid. It is found in the seeds of many plants, in asparagus, beet root, peas and beans. It forms shining, four- sided, rhombic prisms, readily soluble in hot water, but not in alcohol or ether. It is an amid of aspartic acid, and forms compounds with both acids and bases. It is diuretic and sedative to the circulation. Dose gr. j-vj. Asparagus \as-par'-agus) [^aair&payo(, asparagus]. The green root of Asparagus officinalis, a mild diuretic. Dose of fld. ext. gss-j. Unof. Aspartic Acid {as-par' -tik') . See Acid. Asper-artery {as' -per-ar' -ler-e) [arleria aspera, rough artery]. The trachea. Aspergilliform {as-per-jW -if-orm) \_aspergere, to sprin- kle ; forma, shape] . In biology, shaped like the brush used to sprinkle holy water ; as the stigmas of many grasses. Aspergillus {as-per-jil' -us") \aspergere, to scatter]. A nominal genus of fungi, probably containing only the conidial forms of Eurotium. A. auricularis, a fun- gus found in the wax of the ear. A. fumigatus, found in the ear, nose, and lungs. A. glaucus, the bluish mould found, e. g., upon dried fruit. A. mucoroides, a species found in tuberculous or gan- grenous lung tissue. Aspergillusmycosis {as-per-jil'-us-mi-io'-sis). See Otomycosis. Asperifoliate {as-per-if-o' -le-at) \_asper, rough ; folium, .a leaf]. With leaves producmg a sensation of rough- ness when handled. Aspermatia {ah-sper-ma' -she-fih), [d priv. ; airtpjia, seed] . Aspermatism. Aspermatic {ah-sper-maf -ik) [d priv. ; airipfia, seed]. Affected with or relating to aspermatism. Aspermatism {ah-sper' -mat-izm) [d priv. ; anip/ia, seed]. Non-emission of semen, whether owing to non-secretion or non-ejaculation. Aspermous [ah-sper' -mus) [d priv. ; airepfia, seed]. Without seed. Aspersion {as-per'-zhun) [aspersio, aspergere, to sprin- kle]. Treatment of disease by sprinkling with a medicinal agent, or by dropping a medicine slowly upon the body or part affected. Asperula (as-per' -u-lah) [L.]. A genus of rubiaceous plants, of which the European woodruff {A. odorata) is an example. This plant is a fragrant aromatic, rich in coumarin, and has diaphoretic and astringent qualities. The Maitrank or Maiwein of the Germans is flavored with this herb. Unof. Asphalt {as'-falt) [a. marginalis or male fern. Its proper- ties are due to a resin containing filicic acid. It is valu- able chiefly as a vermicide against tapeworm. Dose _^ss-Jss, A., Oleoresina, an ethereal extract. Dose gss-j, Ext., filicis Liq., (B, P,), Dose tr\,xv-3J. Aspidosamin {as-pid-os' -am-iti) [doTri'f, a shield; aireppa, a seed], C.^2H28N202. A basic principle, from quebracho-bark. Emetic. Unof. Aspidosperma {as-pid-o-sper'-maK) [doTri'f, a shield; (TTTtp/ia, seed], T\i^hs.xk.o{ Aspidosperma quebracho- bianco. A., Ext., Fid., an alcoholic preparation. Dose 5J. Aspidospermatin {as-pid-o-sper' -mat-in) [dffTr/f, a shield ; OTripfia, seed]. A basic substance, from que- bracho bark, said to be isomeric with aspidosamin and to depress the temperature when administered. Unof. Aspidospermin (as-pid-o-sper' -min) [dffTrif, shield ; anepiia, seed], C22H3JN.2O.2. An alkaloid extracted from Quebracho, q. v. {Aspidosperma quebracho). It has the general effects of quebracho. Unof, Aspirate {as'-pir-at) [ad, to ; spirare, to breathe]. Any consonant sound that is aspirated or pronounced with a rough breathing. See Consonants. ASPIRATION 143 ASTHMA Aspiration (as-pir-a' -shun) [^nd, to ; spirare, to breathe]. Used as a synonym of inspiration, also of imbibition. The act of using the aspirator. A method of withdrawing tlie fluids and gases from a wound, or- gan or cavity.. A. of Cataract Extraction. See Extraction of Cataract, Suction Method. A. Theory (of Weber and Hasner),the theory that accounts for the transmission of tears into the nose by suction into the lachrymal sac through the rarefaction of the air in the nose during inspiration. Aspirator {as' -pir-a-tor) {ad, to ; spirare, to breathe] . An instrument for withdrawing the contents of an abscess, tumor, etc., without the admission of air. Asplenium {ah-sple' -ne-um) [a priv. ; cttt/I^v, spleen ; a plant of this name was once thought to destroy the spleen]. A genus of ferns called spleen- worts, or railtwastes. A. ceterach and A. filix-femina for- merly had a great repute as medicines, but are now little used. Unof. Asporogenic [ah-spor-o-jen' -ik) [a. priv. ; anopa, seed ; yevijQ, producing]. Not reproducing by means of spores ; not producing spores. Assafetida (as-a-fet'-iS-ah) . See Asafetida. Assalini's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Assault {as-awlt') \_assalire, to assail]. An attack. A., Criininal, in medical jurisprudence, the touching or attempting to touch, on the part of a male, any of the sexual organs (the breasts included) of a female, against her will, even though they be covered by clothing. Assibilation (as-ib-il-a' -shun) [assibilare, to whisper to]. The utterance of sounds with a sibilant or hiss- ing quality. Assideration {as-id-er-a' -shun) [ad, intensive ; sidera- tio, an evil influence] . In forensic medicine, infanti- cide by immersing in ice- water. Assimilable {as-im' -il-a-bt) [assimulare, to make like] . Capable of being assimilated ; nutritious. Assimilation {as-im-il-a' -shun) [assimulare, to make ' like] . The process of transforming food into such a nutrient condition that it is taken up by the circula- tory system, to form an integral part of the economy ; synthetic or constructive metabolism ; anabolism. In biology, the formation of carbohydrate from water and carbon dioxid by the agency of chlorophyll. A., Mental, the mental reception of impressions and their assignment by the consciousness to their proper place. A., Primary, that concerned in the conversion of food into chyle and blood. A., Secondary, that relating to the formation of the organized tissues of the body. A.ssociaXe& las-o' -se-a-ted) [associatus ,\im.tei\. Joined. A. Antagonist. See Antagonist. A. Movements, coincident or consensual movements of other muscles than the leading one, and which by habit or unity of purpose are involuntarily connected with its action . Both eyeballs move alike in reading, though one be a blind eye. Movement of the normal arm will some- times produce slight motion of the opposite paralyzed . arm. Uniformity of innervation is usually the cause of these movements. A. Paralysis, a common para- ' lysis of associated muscles. Assurgent [as-er' -jent) . See Ascending. Assurin (as'-u-rin), C^gHjuN^P^Og. A name given by Thudichum to a complex substance occurring in brain tissue, classed as a di-nitrogenized diphosphatid. Astacolith (as-tak' -o-litK) [dffra/cof, a lobster; Ai0of, a stone] . A concretion obtainable from the stomach of a European craw-fish, Astacus fluviatilis, and often gathered from brooks. These are called Crabs' Eyes, and Eye-stones, q. v. Astasia [as-ta'-se-ah) [a priv.; araaiQ, standing]. Motor incoordination for standing. See Abasia. A. Abasia, a symptom consisting in inability to stand or walk in a normal manner. Asteatodes [as-te-at-o'-des) [d priv. ; arkap, tallow : (irf^f, fullness]. Deficient in the secretion of the sebaceous glands. Asteatosis {as-te-at-o' -sis) [a priv. ; ariap, tallow ; <5d^f, fullness]. I. A deficiency or absence of the sebaceous secretion. 2. Any skin disease (as xero- derma) characterized by scantiness or lack of the sebaceous secretion. A. cutis, a condition of di- minished sebaceous secretion, as the result of which the skin becomes dry, scaly, and often fissured. Aster (as'-ter) [aster, a star]. I. An extensive genus of composite flowered plants, mainly N. American. A. cordifolius is a nervine and antispasmodic. A. puniceus is a stimulant and diuretic. Unof. 2. See Karyokinesis, Mother-star, Dyaster, Amphiaster, and Cytaster. Asterion [as-te'-re-on). See Craniometric Points. Asternal (ah-ster'-nal) [a priv.; crspvov, the breast- bone]. Not connected with the sternum. ^. Ribs, the five lower pairs, because not joined directly to the sternum. Also called false ribs. Asternia (ah-ster' -ne-aK) [a priv. ; aripvov, the breast- bone]. Absence of the sternum. Asteroid (a.<'-ter-oid ) [aarr/p, a star ; eUo(, resem- blance]. I. Shaped like a star. 2. In biology, with radiate lobes. Asthenia [as-the' -ne-ah, or as-then-i* -ah) [aadevEia ; a, priv. ; aBsvoc, strength]. General loss or absence of strength ; adynamia. Asthenic (as-then'-ik) [a priv.; adivog, strength]. Characterized by asthenia. Asthenometer [as-then-om'-et-er) [haSkvua, want of strength ; jiirpoiv, a measure] . An instrument for de- tecting and measuring asthenia ; especially, a device for measuring muscular asthenopia. Asthenopia (as-then-o' -pe-ah)[a priv. ; cdhog, strength; ui//, eye]. Weakness, speedy fatigue of the ocular muscles or visual powers, due to errors of refraction, insufficiency, over-use, anemia, etc. A., Accomtno- dative, due to hyperopia, astigmatism, or a combina- tion of the two, producing strain of the ciliary muscle. A., Muscular, due to weakness, incoordination (het- erophoria), or strain of the external ocular muscles. A., Retinal, or Nervous, a rare variety, caused by retinal hyperesthesia, anesthesia, or other abnormality, or by general nervous affections. Asthenopic (as-then-op' -ik) [a priv. ; crBevog, strength ; S)ip, eye] . Characterized by asthenopia. Asthma {az'-mah) [atjfffia, panting]. Paroxysmal or intermittent dyspnea, generally accompanied by cough, bronchial secretion, and a feeling of constriction and suffocation. The etiology is obscure, being ascribed to heredity, nasal disease, gout, exhalations of plants and atmospheric impurities, colds, etc. It is undoubt- edly a neurosis, the spasm of the muscular tissue of the bronchial tubes being due either to central or to peripheral nervous irritation. The duration of a paroxysm may be from two to six hours to four or five nights. When dependent upon disease of the heart, the kidneys, stomach, thymus, etc., it has been designated, cardiac, renal, peptic, thymic, etc. A. convulsivum. Synonym of Bronchial Asthma. A. Crystals, acicular crystals contained in the sputum of asthmatic patients. A. dyspepticum, is due to nervous reflexes through the vagus. A., Grinders'. Same as Fibroid Phthisis. A., Hay. See //ay Fever. A., Heberden's, angina pectoris. A., Kopp's, spasm of the glottis. A., Marine. See Beriberi. A., Millar's, ^e:^ Laryngismus stridulus. A., Miner's. See Anthracosis. A. nervosum. ASTHMATIC 144 ATAVISM SyaonyTD. oi Bronchial Asthma. A., Thymic. Syn- onym of Laryngismus stridulus. A. uteri. Syn- onym of Hysteria. Asthmatic [aa-mat'-ik) [aadiia, panting] . Relating to or affected with asthma. Astigmagraph {as-tig'-ma-graf) [a priv. ; ariy/xa, a point ; ypdipeiv, to write] . An instrument for illustrat- ing the phenomena of astigmatism. Astigmatic [as-ti^-maf -ik) [li priv. ; ariy/ia, a point] . Pertaining to or affected with astigmatism. Astigmatism (as-tig' -mat-izm) [a priv. ; arl-y/ia, a point, because rays of light from a point are never brought to a point by the refractive media of the eye] . That condition of the eye wherein homocentric rays of light are not brought to a focus by the media. It is usually due to inequality of curvature of the different merid- ians of the cornea (corneal A.), but may be caused by imperfections of the lens (lenticular), unequal con- mn ■©■ Diagram Illustrating ths Formation of Astigmatic Images. The figures below give the images corresponding to the posi- tions of tlie perpendicular lines above. The vertical rays are brought to a focus anterior to the horizontal. V. == ver- tical rays ; H. = horizontal. traction of the ciliary muscle, or may perhaps be due to retinal imperfection. It may be acquired or con- genital, and may complicate hypermetropia or myopia, producing either simple hypermetropic A., in which one principal meridian is emmetropic, the other hyper- metropic ; or compound hypermetropic A., in which both meridians are hypermetropic, but one more so than the other. Complicating myopia, we may in the same way have simple myopic or compound myopic A. In mixed A., one principal meridian is myopic, the other hypermetropic. Regular A. is when the two principal meridians are at right angles to each other. Irregular A., when different parts of a meridian have different refracting powers. Astigmatometer [as-tig-mai-om'-et-er') [a priv. ; CTiyfia, a point ; /iirpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree of astigmatism. Astigmometer {as-tig-mom' -et-er) . See Astigmatom- eter. Astigmometry [as-tig-mom' -et-re) [d priv. ; ariyfia, a point ; /ihpov, a measure] . The measurement of astig- matism. Astomous [ah-sto'-mus) [a priv, ; ardfia, mouth]. In biology, without a mouth or aperture. Astragalectomy (as-trag-al-e¥ -to-me"^ [daTpiiyaAof, astragalus ; kia-ofd], excision] . Surgical excision of the astragalus. Astragaloscaphoid [as-trag-al-o-skaf'-oid) [aarpAya- Xoc, astragalus ; oKaipoeoSfiq, like a boat] . Relating to the astragalus and the scaphoid bone. Astragalotibial (as-trag-al-o-til/'-e-al) [aarpdyah);, astragalus; tiiia, the shin-bone]. Relating to the astragalus and the tibia. Astragalus (as-trag''-al-us) [anTpayaXo^, a dice ; the ana- logous bones of the sheep were used by the ancients as dice]. The ankle-bone, upon which the tibia rests. Also, a genus of leguminous plants from some varieties of which gum tragacanth is derived. A. mollissi- mus. Loco Plant. The active principle of this plant has mydriatic properties. Unof. Astrapaphobia (as-trap-af-o' -be-ali) [aaTpairij, light- ning; , hand]. Deficiency in the development of the hand. Ateloencephalia (at-el-o-en-sef-a'-le-ak) [aTeViq, incom- plete; EyKi^ah)v, brain]. Incomplete development of the brain. Ateloglossia (at-el-o-glos'-e-ah) [dreAiyf, imperfect ; jXaaaa, tongue]. Congenital defect in the tongue. Atelognathia (at-el-og-na'-the-ah) [dre/l^f, imperfect ; yvoBoQ, jaw]. Imperfect development of a jaw, espec- ially of the lower jaw. Atelomyelia (at-el-o-mi-e' -le-ali) [dre^^f, imperfect ; fmtViQ, marrow]. Congenital defect or incomplete- ness of the spinal cord. Atelopodia (at-el-o-po' -de-ah) [hreM/^, imperfect ; Trojf , foot]. Defective development of the foot. Ateloprosopia (ai-el-o-pro-so' ~pe-ah) [hreViQ, incom- plete ; ■trpSauTrov, face]. Incomplete facial develop- ment. Atelorrhachidia (at-el-o-rak-id ' -e-aJC) \hTt'kij^, imper- fect ; pd;f(f, spine]. Imperfect development of the spinal column, as in spina bifida. Atelostomia (at-el-o-sto' -me-ah) \^aTC?.-f/g, incomplete ; ardjia, mouth]. Incomplete development of the mouth. Athalamous (ah-thal' -am-vs) [dpriv.; (?d^//of, a bed] Absence of the optic thalamus. In biology, without apothecia, as certain lichens. Athalline (a^-zVifl/'-zw) [d priv. ; 5a^7(if, a frond]. In biology, destitute of a thallus. Athelasmus (ah-thel-az'-mus) [d priv. ; ftrfKaa(i.6g, a suckling] . Inability to give suck, from defect or want of the nipples. Athelia (ah-the' -le-ah) [d priv.; drfki), a nipple]. Ab- sence of the nipple. Athermasia (ah-ther-ma' -ze-ah) [d priv. ; Oepiiaa'iay heat] . Lack or deficiency of heat. PkXheroTna. (ath-er-o'-mah) [dS^p^, gruel ; J/ta, tumor]. Primarily, a soft encysted tumor ; more commonly, the fatty degeneration of the walls of the arteries in con- sequence of chronic arteritis, and called atheromatous. des;eneration. Atheromatous abscess, resulting fron^ chronic arteritis, is a collection of soft matter beneath the intima, while an atheromatous ulcer is formed by the abscess breaking through the intima. Atheromasia (ath-er-o-ma' -ze-ah) [iiS^pafia, an athero' matous tumor] . Atheromatous degeneration ; the condition of atheroma. ATHEROMATOUS 146 ATRACTYLIS Atheromatous {ath-er-o' -mai-us) [afl^po/jo, an athero- matous tumor]. Characterized by or affected with atheroma. Atherosperma (ath-er-o-sper' -maJi) \aBiip, beard ; nwipfia, seed]. A genus of trees. A. moschatutn, Australian sassafras^ a diaphoretic and diuretic some- times used in pulmonary affections and asthma. Dose of the tincture, 3s5-j. Unof. Athetoid {ath' -et-oid ) [dfli^rof , unfixed] . Pertaining to or affected with athetosis. A. Spastn, a symptom of hemiplegia and some cerebral lesions. Athetosis (ath-et-o' -sis) [a9)?rof, unfixed ; changeable] . A symptom most frequently occurring in children, and characterized by continual change of position of the fingers and toes, and inability to Iceep them still, save in sleep. It is due to some lesion or derangement of the brain or cord. It is also called " post-hemiplegic chorea," from its occurrence after hemiplegia, in adults. A., Double Congenital. See faraplegia, ■ Jnfantile Spasmodi: ; also Double Athetosis. Athlete [ath-lW) \bS'kdii, to contend with]. Robust ; vigorous. A.'s Heart, incompetency of the aortic valves, a condition frequently found in athletes. Athletics (ath-lef -iks) \bS"Miv, to contend]. The art of physical exercise for development or for health. Athrepsia (ah-threps' -e-ah) [cipriv ; Tpii^ziv, to nourish]. The symptom-complex resulting from imperfect nutri- tion in children. Athroisemia {ath-roi-se' -me-ali) [^a6pom/ia, accumula- tion ; al/ia, blood] . Congestion or accumulation of blood. Athymia (ah-thV -me-ali) [o priv. ; 6ii/ioc, mind]. I. Despondency. 2. Loss of consciousness. 3. Insanity. Athymic (ah-thi'-mik) [a priv. ; tiiijio^, mind]. Affected with athymia. Atlantad (at-lan' -tad) ['Ar/laf , a Greek hero] . Toward the atlas in situation or direction. Atlantal (at-lan' -tat) ['Ar/laf, a Greek hero]. Relating to the atlas. PM.axiX.eXi (at-lan' -te>i) ['ArAaf, a Greek hero]. Belong- ing to the atlas in itself. Atlanti-obliquus [at-lan' -ti-ob-W -kmus) [L.]. The obliquus capitis superior muscle. Atlanti-rectus (at-lan' -ti-rek' -tus) [L.]. The muscle called rectus capitis posticus minor. Atlanto- (at-lan' -to) ['ArAof, a Greek hero]. A prefix signifying relation to the atlas ; seen in the words Atlanto-axial, (relating to the atlas and the axis) Atlan- to-occipital, Atlanto-odontoid , etc. Atlas (at' -Ins) \a.T%aq, able]. The uppermost of the cervical vertebrae. It articulates with the occipital bone of the skull. A. Silk. See Silk. Atlee's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Atlodidymus (at-lo-did' -im-us). Same as Atlodymus. Atlodymus (ai-lod'-im-us) [aria;, able; 6i eye]. Imperforation of the pupil. Atrial («'-/«-«/) [a/rzaOT, the fore-court, or hall]. Re- lating to an atrium. Atrichia (ah-trik' -e-ah) [d priv. ; Sp/f, hair]. Loss or absence of the hair. Atrichosis [ah-trik-o'-sis) [arpixog, hairless] . Failure of the hair to grow ; a condition characterized by absence of hair. Atrioventricular {a-tre-o-ven-trik' -u-lar) [atrium, the hall ; ventriculus, ventricle]. Relating both to the atrium (or auricle) and to the ventricle of the heart. Atrium (a' -tre-um) \atrittm, the fore-court, or hall]. I . That part of the auricle of the heart into which the venous blood is poured. 2. The principal part of the tympanic cavity of the ear, exclusive of the attic. A. cordis, the auricle of the heart. A. vaginae, the vestibule of the vulva. Atrocha (ah-tro'-kah) [d priv. ; rpoxf>i, a wheel]. In - biology, wheelless, as certain annelid embryos, roti- fers, etc. ; destitute of cilia. Atrolactinic Acid (at-ro-lak-tin'-ik). See Acid. Atropa [at'-ro-pah) ['ArpOTrof, " she who turns not," undeviating ; one of the three Fates, who cut the thread of life, in allusion to the poisonous effects of the plant]. A genus of the natural order Solanacea. A. bella- donna, the deadly nightshade, whence is obtained atropin. See Belladonna. Atropal, or Atropous [at'-ro-pal; at'-ro-pus). See Orthotropous. Atrophia (at-ro' -fe-ah) [d priv. ; rpo^, nourishment]. Atrophy, q. v. A term applied to a condition marked by wasting or innutrition. A. cordis, atrophy of the heart, following senile changes, or occurring in cachectic conditions, or as a result of pressure exerted by mediastinal tumors, etc. A. cutis, Atrophoderma ; a term applied to various changes in the skin charac- terized by the diminution or disappearance of certain of its elements, especially seen in advanced age. The skin becomes thin, loose, wrinkled, and discolored. A. cutis senilis, Senile Atrophoderma ; an atrophy of the skin usually associated with general signs of senile degeneration. The whole skin may be aft'ected, together with its appendages and the subcutaneous tissues. The skin is in folds, slightly shrunken, wrinkled, and dry. It feels thin, and is transparent and shining. Pruritus is sometimes present, and there is usually an increased pigmentation, with warty de- velopments. A. infantum. Synonym of Tabes mesen- terica. A. mesenterica. Synonym of Tabes mesen- terica. A. pilorum propria, atrophy of the hair, either symptomatic or of idiopathic origin. It may be local or generalized. The hair becomes lusterless, brittle, fibrillated, readily cleft, and readily fractured. A. unguis, atrophy of the nails ; marked by pitting, brittleness, furrowing, thinning, crumbling, etc. It may be symptomatic of such disorders as lepra and syphilis, or it may be idiopathic. Atrophic (at-ro' -fik) [d priv. ; Tpo^ij, nourishment]. Pertaining to, affected with, due to, characterized by, or causing atrophy. A. Catarrh, a chronic form of rhinitis in children characterized by marked atrophy and anemia of the pituitary membrane, with the for- mation of crusts in the nasal and naso-pharyngeal cavities and a peculiar and offensive odor. A. Forms, the name suggested by His for those malformations that are characterized by want of general development, and, in some instances, by subsequent atrophy, whereby all resemblance to the human embryo is lost. Atrophicum melanosis progressiva (at-ro' -fik-um mel-an-o' -sis pro-gres' -iv-ah). See Atrophoderma. Atrophied (at'-ro-fid) [d priv. ; Tpo^ij, nourishment]. Wasted ; affected with atrophy. Atrophoderma (at-ro-fo-der' -mah) [d priv. ; rpo^, nourishment; &ipfm, the skin]. Atrophia cutis, atrophy of the skin, a wasting of the skin due to in- nutrition. See Atrophia cutis. A. albidum, a type of xeroderma in which the skin from the middle of the thigh to the sole, more rarely from the upper arm to the palm, is in places very white, stretched, and diffi- cult to pick up, with the epidermis extremely thinned, faintly glistening, wrinkled, and peeling off in thin, shining flakes. There is extreme sensibility on the finger-tips, palms, and soles. The condition remains stationary from the earliest childhood. A. neuri- ticum. Glossy Skin ; an atrophy of the skin in the area of a nerve affected by disease or injury. It chiefly attacks the extremities. The skin of the affected part becomes very dry, smooth, and glossy, like a thin scar ; the fingers are tapering, hairless, and almost void of wrinkles and of a pink or deep-red color. A severe and persistent burning pain precedes and accompanies this condition. The nails become curved both longitudinally and transversely, and there is some thickening of the cutis beneath the free end. A. pigmentosum. See Xeroderma pigmentosum. A., S^ile. See Atrophia ctitis senilis. A. striatum et maculatum, an atrophic condition of the skin of adults characterized by streaks of a pearly or bluish- white color, glistening, scar-like, from one inch to several inches long and a quarter of an inch or more wide, and which follow the natural cleavage of the ATROPHY 148 ATTENUATING skin, and are situated chiefly about the buttocks, anterior border of the ilium, trochanters, and thighs. The " spots " are less common, small, usually isolated, and are seen mostly on the trunk and neck. Atrophy (at'-ro-fe) \aTpo^Ui, want of nourishment] . A retrogressive change in parts originally well-formed and well-nourished, consisting in loss of weight, size, and function of an organ or tissue, owing to some disorder of nutrition, disuse, continuous pressure, or a dimin- ished blood-supply to the part. A., Active, due to the inherent inability of the cells of a tissue to assimi- late the nutriment brought to them. A., Acute Yellow. See Icterus gravis. A., Brown, a form of atrophy in which the normal pigment of the organ is retained, and in which there is also frequently the addition of new pigment from the blood and disinte- grated albuminates. It occurs most frequently in the heart, muscles, and liver, and is caused by chronic congestion ; also called Pigmented Atrophy. A. of the Bulb, progressive shrinking of the eyeball. A., Correlated, an atrophy of certain portions of the body following the removal or destruction of other portions. Thus amputation of an arm will be fol- lowed by an atrophy of the scapula ; of a leg, of the corresponding os innominatum, together with a diminution in the size of the heart and large blood-vessels. A., Cruveilhier's. See Diseases, Table of. A., Gray, a. degenerative change in the optic disc in which the latter assumes a grayish color. A. of Hair, a wasting or deficient growth of the hair. A., Idiopathic Muscular, primary muscular dystrophy ; muscular wasting, with or without an initial hypertrophy, beginning in various groups of muscles, usually progressive in character, and depend- ent on primary changes in the muscles themselves. There is a strong hereditary predisposition to the dis- ease. A., Muscular, affects the muscles and may be hereditary or acquired, idiopathic, myelopathic, myo- pathic, neuropathic, primary, secondary, simple, or progressive. A., Passive, caused by diminished nutrition supplied to the part. A., Pigmentary, so called from a deposit of pigment (yellow or yellowish- brown) in the atrophied fat-cells. A., Pigmented. See A., Brown. A., Progressive Muscular; Chronic Anterior Poliomyelitis ; Wasting Palsy. A chronic disease characterized by progressive wasting of individual muscles or physiologic groups of mus- cles, and by an associated and proportional amount pf paralysis. It is due to a degeneration and atrophy of the multipolar cells in the anterior gray matter of the cord, with consecutive degeneration of the anterior nerve-roots and muscles. The right hand is usually the part first attacked, and it takes on a peculiar claw- like form {main en griffe). The disease is most fre- quent in males of adult life, and follows excessive muscular exertion. A., Progressive Unilateral Facial, a disease characterized by progressive wasting of the skin, connective tissue, fat, bone, and more rarely the muscles of one side of the face. It is most common in females ; its course is slow and generally progressive. Opinions vary as to whether the disease is central or peripheral in origin. A., Red, a form of cirrhosis of the liver due to chronic congestion, as seen in mitral and tricuspid valvular lesions. It is also seen in emphysema and chronic pleurisy with contrac- tion. The cut surface of the liver presents a nutmeg appearance, and is therefore called the ««;^(y A'wr. A., Serous, that characterized by a transudation of serum into the tissue after the fat has gone, giving it a gelatinous appearance. A. Senile, the physio- logical variety of Simple Atrophy. A., Simple, the retrogressive processes and shrinking due to patho- logic causes, allied to the physiologic retrogression of senility, but occurring, as it were, prematurely. A. of the Teeth, a name formerly used to designate erosion of the teeth, an affection characterized either by perforations in, or discolored spots of a shriveled, yellowish, or brownish aspect, on the enamel, pf two, four, or more teeth in each jaw. A., Trophoneuro- tic, that dependent upon abnormality of the nervous supply or control of an organ or tissue, best illustrated in muscular atrophy from injury of the proper nerves of the muscle, or in disease of the anterior horns of gray matter of the cord. Atropina, or Atropin {at-ro-pi' -nah ; at'-ro-pin) ['Arpo- nof, one of the Fates who cut the thread of life : gen., Atropine'], Cj^Hj^NOg. A crystalline alka- loid derived from Atropa belladonna. The sulphate is u white powder of bitter taste, neutral reaction, soluble in water. Homatropin, CujHjjNOj, is a de- rivative alkaloid, the hydrobromate being used by ophthalmologists as a mydriatic, principally because its effects pass off more quickly than those of atropin. Homatropin slows the heart, atropin quickens it. Atropin is an irritant narcotic, a mydriatic, antispas- modic, and anodyne ; in small doses a cardiac, respira- tory, and spinal stimulant, in large doses a paralyzant of the cardiac and respiratory centers, the spinal cord, motor nerves, and voluntary muscles. It produces congestion and dryness of the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, pharynx, and larynx, at first lessen- ing the gastric and intestinal secretion, to be followed by an increase of the same. It is extensively used in ophthalmic practice to dilate the pupil, paralyze accommodation, and also in various corneal, iritic, and other ocular diseases. Its therapeutic use in general medicine is also manifold ; e. g., in inflammatory affections and the pain of cerebral and spinal hypere- mia, atonic constipation, cardiac failure, hypersecre^ tions, etc., and as a physiologic antagonist in opium poisoning. Dose of atropin sulphate gr. x|]y-^. Injectio Homatropina Hypodermica, I in 120. Dose gr. i\^ — -^- A. -catarrh. See Conjunctivitis, Atropin. A. -conjunctivitis. See Conjunctivitis. Atropinism {at'-ro-pin-izm). See Atropism. Atiopinize (at^-ro-pin-lz) ['ArpoTrof]. To bring under the influence of, or treat with atropin. Atropism [at' -ro-pism) ['ArpoTrof]. Poisoning with, or the morbid condition induced by, atropin. Attachement [at-tash'-mon{g)) [Fr.]. In massage, concentric curves eccentric ; starting from a point taken as a center, one describes, by circular move- ments, circumferences wider and wider till the outside of the part is reached ; return is then made by circles smaller and smaller till the starting point is reached. Attack [at-tak') [Fr. , attaijue']. The onset of a seizure or of a disease. Attar (at'-ar) [Pers. , atar"] . A general name for any of the volatile oils. A. of Rose, Oil of Rose. The vol- atile oil distilled from the fresh flowers of the Damas- cene rose. It comes mainly from E. Roumelia and is generally adulterated with other volatile oils. It is used only as a perfume. Attendant [at-ten'-dant) \attendcre, to attend]. A non- professional attache of an asylum or hospital, espe- cially of an insane asylum. Attention {at-ten'-shun) \_attentio, a giving heed to]. The direction of the will or thought upon an object or to a particular sensation. A. Time. See Time. Attenuant (at-ten' -u-ant) \attenuare,\.o xaAifi'Csa.tC\. A medicine or agent increasing the fluidity or thinness of the blood or other secretion. Attenuating (at-ten' -u-a-Hng) [attenuare, to make thin]. Making thin A. Medium. Site Fractional Cultivation. ATTENUATION 149 AURA Attenuation (at-ten-u-a' -shun) \attenuare, to make thin] . A thinning, narrowing, or reduction of the strength or size of a substance. A. of Microbes, weakening the pathogenic virulence of microbes by successive cul- tures and other methods, so that they may be used as a vaccine to confer immunity from future attacks of the disease. A., Sanderson's Method of, by passing the virus through the system of another animal (e.g., the guinea-pig, in anthrax) , so that it becomes modified in virulency. Toussaint and Chauveau have shown that heat is a valuable means of attenuation ; oxygen, chemical reagents, exposure to sunlight, etc., have also been used. Atterminal {at-er'-min-al) . See Adterminal. Attic {af-ik) \_Ailicus, Attic]. Part of the tympanic cavity situated above the atrium. A. Disease, chronic suppurative inflammation of the attic of the tympanum. Attitude [at'-e-tiid ) [apiitudo, aptitude] . See Posture. A., Crucifixion, in hystero-epilepsy, a rigid state of the body, the arms stretched out at right angles. A., Frozen, a peculiar stiffness of the gait characteristic of disease of the spinal cord, especially of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A., Passionate, the assumption of a dramatic or theatrical expression, a position assumed by some hysterical patients. AttoUens (at-oV -enz) \aMollere, to rise up] . Applied to muscles raising or elevating the part, as the A. Auris, a muscle raising the external ear. See Muscles, Table of. Attraction {at-rak' -shun) \_allrahere, to Ara.w to'\. The , tendency of one particle of matter to approach another. Affinity. As existing between celestial bodies it is termed graviialion, while molecular attraction or cohe- sion expresses the force aggregating molecules into masses. A., Chemical, the attraction of affinity, re- lates to the attraction of atoms of one element to those of others, resulting in chemical compounds. A., Cap- illary, the tendency of a curved surface or a tube to exert traction on a liquid. A., Electrical, the ten- dency of bodies toward each other when charged with opposite electricities. A., Magnetic, the influ- ence of a magnet upon certain metallic substances, chiefly iron. Attrahens (af-rah-enz) [attrahens, drawing]. Applied to muscles as Attrahens aurem, a muscle drawing the ear forward and upward. See Muscles, Table of. Also applied to medicines attracting fluids to a part, as stimulants, epispastics, etc. Attrahent {at' -rah-ent) [attrahens, drawing]. I. Drawing to ; adducent. 2. A drawing application ; an epispastic or rubefacient. Attrition (at-rish' -un) \atterere, to rub against]. An abrasion or chafing of the skin. In physics, any rub- bing or friction that breaks or wears the surface. PiXXypx. {at-ip'-ik) [at, to; rtTrof, a type]. In biology, possessing by acquisition or specialization the charac- ters of a prototype. Atypic [ah-tip' -ik) [d priv. ; tvttoc, a type]. Irregular; not conformable to the type. A. Fever, an inter- mittent fever with irregularity of the paroxysm. Atjrpical (ah-tip' -ik-al). See Atypic. Auante (aw-an'-te) [avavri) ; avalvuv, to dry]. A wast- ing or atrophy. Auantid (aw-an' -tik) [avavTUi6(, wasted]. Character- ized by wasting ; atrophic. Aubernage {p-bdr-nahzh') [Fr.]. A contagious disease of the vine, called by the Italians the Black Disease. It is doubtful whether it is due tp a fungus or a bac- terium. Cf. Bacterium gummis, comes, under .53^- teria, Synonymatic Table of. Auburn System. See Ventilation. Auctioneers' Cramp. See Cramp. Audimeter (aw-dim'-et-er). See Audiometer. Audiometer (aw-de-om' -et-er) [audire, to hear ; fiirpov a measure] . An instrument for measuring the acute- ness of hearing. Audiometric [aw-de-o-met'-rik) [audire, to hear ; jihpov, a measure]. Relating to audiometry. Audiometry (aw-de-om' -et-re) [audire, to hear; jj-hpov, a measure]. The measurement, or testing, of the sense of hearing. Audiphone (aw'-dif-on) [audire, to hear ; tpuvii, a sound]. An instrument for improving the power of hearing by conveying sounds through the bones of the' head to the labyrinth. Audition (aw-dish' -uri) [audire, to hear] . The act of hearing. A. coloree, a peculiar association between the auditory and optic nerves, by which a certain sound or musical note will give rise to a subjective sensation of color, the same note in the same person being always associated with the same color. Auditory (aw'-dit-o-re) [audire, to hear]. Pertaining to the act or the organs of hearing. A. After-Sensa- tions, the sensations of sounds continuing or occurring after the cessation of the stimulus. A. Amnesia. See Mind-deafness. A. Area, the cerebral center for hear- ing; its location is not definitely determined. A. Aura, auditory sensation preceding an attack of epi- lepsy. A. Center, same as A. Area. A. Hairs, the processes of the crista acustica, at present of indeter- minate function. A. Meatus (external and internal) , the external and internal canals or openings of the ear. A. Nerve, the portio mollis of the seventh pair of cranial nerves. A. Ossicles, the chain of small bones of the middle ear. A. Sac, the labyrinth, pit, or de- pression in the epiblast on both sides of the embryo- logic after-brain. When cut off from the epiblast it is called the vesicle of the labyrinth, or Primary Auditory Vesicle. A. Teeth. See Teeth. A. Vertigo, dizziness due to pathologic conditions of the ear. See Vertigo and MeniMs Disease. Auditus [aw-di' -tus) [L.]. Hearing; the sense or power of hearing. Auerbach's Ganglia. See Ganglia, Table of. Auerbach's Plexus. See Plexuses, Table of. Augment (awg'-ment) [augmentum, increase]. The increasing stage of a fever or other acute disease. Augmentation (awg-men-ta'-shun) [augmentatio, an increasing], i . Same as ^«,f»zf k/. 2. Increase in the violence of symptoms. Augnathus [awg-na' -thus) [av, besides ; yvaSoq, the jaw]. A monster with two lower jaws. See Dipro- sopus. Aula (aw'-lah) [av/Jj, a hall or open court], i. The common mesal cavity of the cerebrum, it being also the anterior portion of the third ventricle. 2. In biology, a space or cavity formed by a colony of infusorians. Aulatela [aw-lat-e' lah) [aula, a hall ; tela, a web]. The roof or covering membrane of the aula. Aulic (aw'-HM) [avVj, a hall]. Belonging or pertaining to the aula. A. Recess, a triangular depression between the precommissure and the two fornicolumns of the brain. Auliplexus (aw-le-pleks' -US') [aula, hall ; plexus, a net- work]. The choroid plexus of the aula. Aulix (aw'-liks) [aulix, a furrow]. The sulcus of Monro, a groove on the mesal surface of the thalamus just ventrad of the medicommissure. Aulophyte (aw'-lo-fii) [nvUQ, a pipe or tube ; (J)vt6v, a plant]. In biology, a symbiotic plant ; one that lives within another, but not as a parasite. Aura (aw'-rah) [avpa, a breath]. A breath of wind; a soft vapor. A sensation sometimes like a gentle AURAL 150 AUSCULTATION current of air rising from the limbs or body to the head ; a frequent forerunner of an epileptic attack, — aura epileptica. Also applied to any slight symptom preceding an attack of any disease or paroxysm, as the aura hysterica, aura vertiginosa, etc. A. seminalis theory, a theory of Swammerdam, who, observing a strong odor from drone bees, supposed that this, per- meating the body of the queen, fertilized the eggs. Aural {aw'-ral) \_auris, the ear]. Relating to the ear or to hearing. A. Vertigo. See Meniere's Disease. Aurally {aw'-ral-e) \auris, the ear]. By means of the ear. tiMTa^Tain. (aw' -ram-in) \_aurum,gp\&\ amin]. Yellow Pyoktanin, y. v. ; a yellow anilin color used to some extent as a bactericide and preventive of suppuration. Unof. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Aurantia (aw-ran' -she-aK) \aurantium, an orange]. An orange coal-tar dye ; an ammonium salt of hexa- nitro-diphenyl-amin. The use of this dye has been said to produce skin-diseases. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Aurantium [aw-ran' -ske-uni) [L. : gen., Aurantii~\. Orange. The fruit of Citrus vulgaris and C. auran- tium. Both the flowers and the rind of the fruit are employed in medicine. The volatile oil from the rind is aromatic and a mild tonic but is used mainly as a flavor. A. atnara, Ext. Fid., bitter orange peel, alco- hol, and water. Used as a flavor. Dose 3 ss-j. A. amara, Tinct., bitter orange peel 20, dilute alcohol, q. s. ad 100. Dosegj-ij. A. corticis, Ol., the vola- tile oil expressed from the rind of the orange. Dose gtt. j— V. A. dulcis, Tinct., sweet orange peel 20, dilute alcohol, q. s. ad loo. Dose gj-ij. A., Elixir, oil of orange I, sugar 100, alcohol and water, q. a. ad 300. A. floras, Aq., fresh orange flowers 40, water 200. Distil to 100 parts. A. florum, Ol., " oil of neroli," a volatile oil distilled from fresh orange flowers. Dose gtt. j-v. A. florum, Syr., sugar 85, orange-flower water q. s. A flavoring-agent. A., Infus. (B. P.). Dose gj-ij. A., Infus., Comp. (B. P.). Dose ^j-ij. A., Spt., oil of orange 6, alcohol 94. Dose according to quantity of alcohol desired. A., Spt-jTComp., oil of orange-peel, 20, oil of lemon 5, oil of coriander 2, oil of anise 5, deodor- ized alcohol q. s. A., Syr., sweet-orange peel, precipi- tated calcium phosphate, each 5, sugar 70, alcohol and water q. s. A., Tinct. (B. P.). Dose ,^j-ij. A., Tinct. Recentis (B. P.), tinct. of fresh orange-peel. Dose^j-ij. A.,Vinum(B P.), I2percent ofalcohol. Auricle [aw'-rik-l) [auricula, the outer ear]. The pinna and external meatus of the ear. The auricles of the heart are the two cavities between the veins and the ventricles. See Circulation, and Heart. Auricular (aw-rik' -u-lar) [auricula, the outer ear]. Relating to the auricle, or to the ear ; as the auricular nerve, arteries, veins, etc. The Auricular arteries, anterior and posterior, are branches of the temporal and external carotid, supplying the auricle of the ear. A. Finger, the little finger. A. Fissure. See Fissure. A. Foramen, the outlet of the meatus of the ear. A. Lymphatics, small lymphatic glands near the upper end of the sterno-mastoid muscle. A. Point, the central point of the auricular foramen. See Craniometrical Points. Auriculars iaw-rik' -u-larz) [auricula, the ear]. In biology, the feathered area that conceals the ears in most birds ; regio-auricularis. Auriculo-bregmatic [aw-rik' -u-lo-breg-mat' -ik) [auri- cula, the ear ; ^ph/fia, a soft spot] . Relating to the auricle and to the bregma. ti.VLric\i\o-occxpiia\[a7v-rik' -u-lo-ok-sip' -it-al)[auricula, the ear ; occiput, the back of the head] . Pertaining both to the ear and the back of the head. A. Trian- gle. See Triangle. Auriculo-parotidean [aw-rik' -u-lo-par-ot-id' -e-an) [au- ricula, \}a& ear; TrapuTif , the parotid gland]. Relat- ing to the auricle and to the parotid gland. Auriculo-temporal [aw-rik' -u-lo-tem'-po-ral) [auric- ula, the ear; tempora, the temples]. Relating to the auricle and to the temporal region. A. nerve, a branch of the inferior maxillary, supplying superficial parts about the auricle. Kyii'nc\3\o-\c'a.\.x\c\^acz[aw-rik' -u-lo-ven-trik' -u-lar)[au- ricula, the ear; ventriculus, the ventricle]. Relating to an auricle and a ventricle of the heart. A. open- ing, the opening between the auricles and the ventri- cles of the heart. Auriform [aw' -rif-orrn) [auris, the ear ; forma, shape]. Ear-shaped. Aurigo [aw-ri'-gd) [L. ] . An incorrect form of the word aurugo. Aurilave [aw'-ril-av) [auris, the ear ; lavare, to wash]. An ear-brush or ear-sponge mounted upon a handle. Aurin (aaZ-nw) [a«?-«»z, gold] , Cj^Hj^Og. Pararotelic acid; a body produced on boiling the diazo-hydro- chlorid of para-rosanilin with water. It dissolves in glacial acetic acid and alcohol, crystallizes in dark-red needles or prisms with metallic luster, and decomposes when heated above 220°. It is a dye-stuff used in printing calicoes and woolens, and for pigments, and produces orange-red colors. See Conspectus of Pig- ments, under Pigment. A\iiipiginent[aw-rip-ig'-me>it ) [auripigmentum, golden pigment]. See Orpiment. Auripuncture [aw'-re-punkt-chilr) [auris, ear; punc- tura, puncture]. Surgical or traumatic puncture of the membrana tympani. Auris [aw'-ris) [L.]. The ear. Auriscalp [aw' -ris-kalp) [auris, the ear; scalpart, to scrape]. An ear-pick or probe for the ear. Auriscope [aw'-ris-kop) [auris, the ear; aKoirciv, to examine]. An instrument for examining the ear, and especially the Eustachian passage ; an otoscope. Aurist [aw'-risi) [auris, the ear]. A specialist in dis- eases of the ear. Aurugo [aw-ru'-go) [L.]. Yellowness; jaundice; icterus. Aurum [aw' -rum") [L. : gen., Auri], Gold. Au =r 196.7; quantivalence. III. One of the metals char- acterized as "noble" by the ancients, because of its weight and luster. It has a brilliant yellow color and will not tarnish. The metal is sometimes used as a plate on which artificial teeth are set. The chlorid locally is an escharotic. Internally its action resem- bles that of mercuric chlorid. In small doses it pro- motes digestion and stimulates the functions of the brain ; in large doses it is a violent poison. It is useful in certain forms of dyspepsia, hypochondriasis, amen- orrhea, and functional impotence. Poisoning is treated by albumen (eggs) or flour, and evacuation of the stomach. A. brom., AuBr^, is used in epi- lepsy and migraine. Dose gr. j\p-J. A. et sodii chlor., soluble in water. Dose gr. ^V^i^ff- ^- chlo- ridum (unof). Soluble. Dose gr. ■^^^. Gold chlorid is also valued as a stain for sections of brain- tissue and of^ nerve-ganglia ; it ,lvis been vaunted as a cure for the alcoholic habit. Auscult, or Auscultate [aws-kuW; aws'-kul-tst) [aus- cultare, to listen to]. To perform or practise ausculta- tion ; to examine by auscultation. Auscultation [aws-kul-ta' -shun) [auscultare, to listen to]. A method of investigation of the functions and condition of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and other organs by the sounds they themselves give out, or AUSCULTATORY 151 AUTOPHAGIA that are elicited by percussion. It is called immediate, when the ear is directly applied to the part, and mediate, if by the aid of the stethoscope. Obstetric auscultation is practised in pregnancy to detect or study the fetal heart-sounds or the placental murmur. See Murmur, Respiration, RUes, Rhonchus, Bron- chophony, Pectoriloquy, Egophony, Bruit, Souffle, etc. A. -tube, in otology, an instrument for listening to the forced passage of air through the ear of another. Auscultatory (aws-kul' -tat-or-e) \auscultare, to listen to]. Relating to auscultation. A. Percussion, the practise of auscultation by one person, while another practises percussion. Australian (owi-^ra/'-j/aM) [Australia]. Of or belong- ing to Australia. A. Blight. See Angio-neurotic Edema. A. Sassafras. See Atherosperma mos- chata. Autacanthid (aw-tak-an' -thid^ \am6i, self; axavBa, a spine]. In biology, applied to a star-fish having many of the spines on special plates. Aut^c^hoscope {^aw-tek' -o-skop) \avT6^, self; ijXOi, sound; aaoivecv, to inspect]. A device for enabling a person to listen to sounds produced within his own body. Autecious, or Autoecious (aw-te' -shus') ^aiirdf, self; okof, dwelling]. In biology, same as Monecious ; also applied to parasitic fungi that pass through all the stages of their existence on the same host. Autenrieth and Hinsberg's Test. See Tests, Table of. Autocarpous {atv-to-kar'-pus) [avT6^, self; Kapndg, fruit]. In biology, said of a fruit consisting'of a supe- rior and free ovary. Autocatheteristn [aw-to-katk'-et-er-izm) [avrdQ, self; KoffeT^p, a catheter]. The passage of a catheter by a person upon himself. Autocatheterist {aw-to-kath' -et-er-isi) [oiiTiif, self; KaBtriip, a catheter] . One who practises autocatheter- ism. Autocatheterization {aw-to-kath-et-er-iz-a'-shun). The process of catheterizing one's self. Autochthon {aw-tok' -thun) [^avrdxdav, sprung from the land]. An aboriginal inhabitant. Autochthonous (aw-tok' -thon-us) [avTdxBuv, sprung from the land]. Aboriginal; formed (as a clot) ii> the place where it is found. K\ilocme%\s'(aw-to-sin-e'-sis') [avT6Q, self; /clvr/aig, mo- tion] . Motion that is voluntary, or apparently so. Autocinetic {aw-to-sin-et'-ik) [avrdc, self; KivTiatg, mo- tion]. Possessed of the power of spontaneous motion. Autoclave {aw'-to-kldv) [avrdg, self; clavis, a key]. I . Self-fastening ; closing itself. 2. An instrument for sterilizing or killing germ-life by steam-heat, the gauge indicating automatically the pressure, and therefore the degree of heat, to which the microorganism is sub- jected. Autodiagnosis [aw-to-di-ag-no' -sis) [airdf, self; didyvaaig, a discovering] . Self-diagn"osis ; the morbid impression sometimes possessed by a patient that he is affected with some particular disease. This impression may amount to a fixed and dominant idea. Autodidact {aw' -to-di-dakt) [niriif, self; diSaKzig, taught]. One who is self-taught in his profession. Autodigestion (aw-to-di-jes' -chun) [oiriif, self; digere, to digest] . Digestion of the walls of the stomach by the gastric juice consequent upon loss of the epithe- lium, or upon other gastric disease. Autopepsia. Autogamous (aw-tog' -am-us) {avrig, self; jd/iog. mar- riage]. In botany, a name applied to flowers that are habitually self-fertilizing. Autogenesis (aw-to-jen' -es-is) \a,vT6(;, self; yhzaig, production]. Spontaneous generation ; self-production. Autogenetic [aw-to-jen-et' -ik) [avrdg, self ; yheaig, pro- duction]. Developed by or due to autogenesis ; pro- duced, as disease, within the organism; not enthetic. Autogenous (aw-tof -en-us) [aiirdf, self; yheaic, pro- duction]. Pertaining to diseases or conditions self- producing within the body and not derived from exter- nal or objective sources ; applied to poisons generated in the body by its inherent processes, — e.g., puerperal fever has been falsely supposed to be due to self-gen- eration of the septic material. Autographic (aw-to-gra/'-ih) [airdc, self; ypcupEiv, to write]. Self-registering. A. Skin, a condition of vaso-motor paralysis, usually in hysterical patients, in which markings made upon the skin form quite per- sistent and intensely red traces. A. Woman, one with an Autographic Skin. Autographism (aw' -to-graf-izm') [aiirdf, self; ypa^tiv, to write]. The condition observed in the so-called autographic skin ; dermographism. See Urticaria factitia. Alittographi^t {aw' -to-graf-4sf) [avrdg, self; ypaipBui, to write]. One who has an autographic skin. Autohypnotism (aw-to-hip' -not-izm) [airdf, self; VTTVog, sleep]. Mental stupor induced by dwelling in- tensely upon some all-absorbing delusion. See also Statuvolence. Autoinoculation {aw-to-in-ok-u-la' -shuri) \avT6g, self; inoculare, to implant]. Reinoculation by virus ob- tained from the same person. Autointoxication {aw-to-in-toks-ik-a' -shun). See Au- totoxic. Autokinesis {aw-to-kin-e' -sis) \_avT6g, self; Kivi/cng, movement] . i . Voluntary movement ; movement not reflex or allokinetic. 2. Movement that is appar- ently not volitional, but that arises from causes within the organism. Autokinetic {aw-to-kin-et'-ik) [airdf , self ; Kivriaig, move- ment]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, autokinesis. Autolaryngoscopy {aw-to-lar-ing-gos' -ko-pe) [avrdg, self; Xdpiiyf, the larynx ; tr/coTrEiv, to examine]. The examination of one's larynx by himself. Auto-massage (aw-to-mas-sahzh') \_avT6g, self; fxaa- auv, to knead]. Self-massage ; therapeutic manipula- tions of the body performed by the patient himself. Automatic • {aw-to-maf -ik) [avTOfiaTlZeiv, to act spon- taneously]. Performed without the influence of the will. A. Plugger, an instrument adapted for pound- ing gold foil in the cavities of teeth. Automatism {aw-tom' -at-izm) [aurO|UOTif«-) [ME., azwr^, blue]. Sky-blue. A. Blue. Same as Cobalt Blue, and Ultramarine. A. Mala- chite.- See Azurite in Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigm,ent. Azurin [az'-ur-inY Same as Azulin. Azurite {az'-ur-lt). See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Azygomatous (ah-zi-gom' -at-us) [d priv. ; ^vya/ia, the zygomatic arch]. Destitute of zygomatic arches, as the shrews. Azygos [az'-ig-os) [d priv. ; !^vy6Q,s. yoke]. Applied to parts that are single, not in pairs. A. uvulae, a small muscle of the uvula. A. Vein, a vein connecting the superior and inferior venae cavae. Azygospore {az-i' -go-spor) [d priv. ; ^vy6v, yoke; anopa, seed]. An asexually produced spore, but re- sembling the sexual spore or zygospore. Azygous [az'-ig-us) [d priv. ; fu/iif, a yoke]. Not paired ; or, if paired, so blended as to seem one organ. Azymia {ah-zim' -e-ah) [d priv. ; fi/i;?, a ferment]. Ab- sence or lack of ferment. Azymic (ah-zim'-ik) [d priv. ; <^via), a ferment]. Not giving rise to fermentation. Azzle Teeth {az'-l-teth) [E. dial. , assalteetK\. A name given to the molar teeth. B B. In chemical terminology the symbol of Boron. Ba. The chemical symbol of Barium. B. A. A contraction of Balneum aquce, a water-bath ; also, of Balneum arence, a sand-bath, and of Artium Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Arts. B. M. A contraction of Balneum maris a sea- water bath ; also of Medicina Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Medicine. B. V. A contraction of Balneum vaporis, a vapor-bath. Babbitt Metal, a compound of metals used in prosthetic dentistry for dies in swaging plates. Babe (bab) [ME., babe]. An infant. Babes' Method. See Stains, Table of. B. Oven. See Oven. Babul Gum {ba-bool') [Bengal]. The gum of the tree Acacia arabica, or babul ; an inferior sort of gum arable. Baby (ba'-be). Same as Babe. B.-farm. An institu- tion for raising orphan and pauper infants. B.- farming, the business of receiving and caring for the infants of those who, for any reason, may be unable or unwilling to bring up their own children. Baccaceous [bak-a' -she-us) [bacca, a berry]. Like a berry ; baccate. Baccate (bak'-dt) \bacca, a berry]. Berry-like, or bearing berries. BacceUi's Method. A method of treating aneurysm by passing a wire thread into the sac. See Treat- ment. B. Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Baccharis (bak'-ar-is) [ffdKicapic, a fragrant herb]. A genus of composite trees. B. halimifolia, the ground- sel tree, a composite-flowered shrub of N. America; a decoction of the leaves and bark is a popular demul- cent and pectoral medicine. Unof. Bacchia {bak-' e-ah, or bak-i'-ah) \_Bacchus, the god of wine]. A synonym oi Acne rosacea, a condition often found in drunkards. B. rosacea. Synonym of ^f»« rosacea. Bacillar, or Bacillary [bas'-il-ar ; bas' -il-a-re) \bacil- lum, a. lod; bacillus], i. Relating to bacilli or to a bacillus. 2. Consisting of or containing rods. Bacilli [bas-il'-i) [bacillum, a rod]. i. Plural of Bacillus, q.v. 2. In pharmacy, cylindrical lozenges made by cutting the lozenge mass, and rolling it into a soft cylinder, on a pill-machine. Bacillicidal (bas-il-is-ld' -al) \bacillum, a rod ; ccedere, to kill] . Destructive to bacilli. Bacillicide {bas-il' -is-ld) [bacillum, a rod; ccedere, to kill]. I. Destructive to bacilli. 2. An agent that destroys bacilli. Bacilliculture {bas-W -e-kul-chur) {bacillum, a rod ; cultura, cultivation]. The artificial culture of bacilli for the purpose of studying their nature and life. Bacilliform {bas-il' -if-orm) [bacillum, rod ; forma, form]. Having the shape or appearance of a bacillus. Bacillum {bas-W -urn) [L., a rod, a stick]. A stick; a cylindrical troche ; an instrument for carrying a sponge'; any one of the rods in the layer of rods and cones of the retina. Bacilluria {bas-il-u' -re-ah) [bacillum, a rod ; ovpm, urine]. The presence of bacilli in the urine. B. ACIDIFORMANS 155 B. MALLEI TYPES OF BACILLI, SHOWING MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERS AND ARRANGEMENT. B. acidiformans (X looo). 4 B. acidi lactici (X looo). B. capsulatus (X 1200). '^ B. erysipelatos suis (X looo). B. cavicida havaniensis (X lOOo). B. gracilis cadaveris (X 1200). B. oedematis maligni (X 1000). B. arborescens (X 1200). B. buccalis maximus (X 1000). B. buccalis minutus (X looo). B. butyricus CX looo). ^ B. circulans (X 1200), ^V B. crassus sputigenus (X 1200). B. cuniculicida havaniensis (X 1200). B. cyanogenus (X 700). ^fl B. of Dantec (X looo). B. cadaveris (X looo). B. diffusus (X 1000). B. diphtherise (X 1000). B. granulosus (X 800), inose without granules represent ab- normal forms. # B. havaniensis (X looo). B. of Hog Cholera (X looo). B. of influenza (X looo). ^ B. leprae (X 1200). ^ B. limosus (X looo). B. mallei (X 1200). 'V'JMIS B. MEGATERIUM 156 B. ZOPFII B. megaterium (X 1200). -^ B. scissus (X 1200). B. thalassaophilus (X 1000). R. mesentericus vulgatus (X 1200). B. septicsemise haemorrhagicse (X 1200). )W^ B. tuberculosis (X looo). ^1 6. neapolitanus (X looo). Nitrifying E. of Winogradsky (X 900). B, pneumonise friedlanderi (X 1000). m • B. prodigiosus (X 1000). B rhinoscleromatis (X 1400). B. of symptomatic anthrax (X 1000). ,,^ B. of symptomatic anthrax, flagellate form (X 1000). B. syphilidis (Lustgarten) (X 1000). B. subtilis (X 1200). B. tetani (X 1200), B. typhi abdominalis (X 1200). B. typhi abdominalis, showing flagella (X 1200). B. ulna of Vignal (X lOoo). B. vermicularis (X 1000). B. zopfii (various stages of growth) (X 1000). BACILLUS 157 BACTERIA Bacillus ibas-il'-us) [dim. of baculum; bacillum, a small staff : //. , Bacilli ] . (a) A genus of the Schiao- mycetes established by Cohn ; synonym, Bacteridium, Davaine ; Bacterium, Delafond ; Vibrio, Cohn ; and including all the elongated forms except such as are spiral and have a gyratory motion, which are classed in the genus Spirillum. The bacilli are rigid or flexible, motile or non-motile, and reproduce either by direct fission or by endogenous spore-formation. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. {!>) An individual of the genus Bacillus. [c) A medicated rod or bougie, (d) Any rod-like body, or specifically, one of the retinal rods, {e) In botany, the term applied to the cotyledon of certain plants, e, g. , the hyacinth ; or to the basal portion of some flower-clusters. Back {bak) [ME., ba/i]. Dorsum; posterior aspect. B. Combination. See Combination. B. Draught {bak' draft), the inspiration of whooping-cough. B. Posture. See Postures. B. Stroke of the Heart. See Diastole. Backache {bak'-ak) [ME., bak; aken]. Pain in the back. Backbone (bak'-bon) [ME., bak; boon]. The verte- bral column. Back-cut of Salmon. See Salmon, and Operations, Table of. Bacony Infiltration {ba'-kon-e infil-tra' -shuri). Same as Albuminoid Infiltration. Bacteremia (bak-ter-e' -me-ah) [bacterium, rod ; altia, blood]. The presence of bacteria in the blood. Bacterium [bak-te' -re-um) \_PaKT7ipiov, a little stick : pi. , Bacteria"]. 1. A genus of schizomycetous fungi estab- lished by Ehrenberg (1838) and Dujardin (1841) ; characterized by short, linear, inflexible, rod-like forms, without tendency to unite into chains or fila- ments. 2. The distinction between the genus Bacte- rium (Dujardin), and the genus Bacillus (Cohn) is not well founded, and all straight, elongated forms should be referred to the latter genus. The word bacteria as now employed is practically synonymous with Schizo- mycetes, Microorganisms, or Microbes, and includes those minute Thallophytes, with or without chloro- phyll, related on the one hand to the Nostocacece, and on the other to the Flagellata. Morphologically, bacteria are either spherical (cocci) ; in the form of straight rods (bacilli) ; or of twisted rods (spirilli). They occur either free, as filaments in layers, or m cube-like packets. Frequently large gelatinous masses called Zooglaa are formed. As regards growth they are grouped either as Endosporous bacteria, includ- ing those that form spores endogenously ; or as Arthrosporous bacteria, including those that mul- tiply by fission. Bacteria are either aerobic, i.e., dependent upon the presence of free oxygen for the purpose of vegetation, or anaerobic, in which free oxygen is not essential, as they possess the power of appropriating the oxygen of unstable organic combi- nations, thus acting as disorganizing, fermentative, or putrefactive agents. Again, certain forms appear to possess the ability to flourish in either condition, and are known as facultative anaerobic. Bacteria are either motile or non-motile; they may exist as saprophytes, facultative parasites, strict, obligate, or true parasites. Those that produce pigment are known as chromogenic ; those that produce fer- mentation as zymogenic ; those that affect adversely the health of plants or animals as pathogenic. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of, and special terms under appropriate headings. * Abbreviations.— aen = aerobic, anaer. — anaerobic, chg. — chromogenic. facanaer. — facultative anaerobic, liqf. — liquefac- tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. — motile, nligf. — non-liquefactive. nmot. — non-motile, npg, — non-pathoKenic. oW. — obligate. ojc/. = oscillating. >^-. = pathogenic. /Aoj. — phosphorescent >&o»!. — pleomorphic. ia>. = saprophytic. SYNONYMATIC TABLE OF BACTERIA.* Actinobacter du lait visqueux, Duclaux. Found in ropy milk. aer.,nliqf.,npg. Actinobacter poly- morphus. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Actinomyces bovis, Harz. Syn. Cladothrix bovis, Cladothrix canis, Rabe (?) Found in Actinomycosis and in sputum of tuberculous patients. Discovered by Langenbeck (1845) > fifst correctly described by Israel (1878). Bollinger first to recognize it in cattle. Considered by Paltauf, Israel, and Wolf as a pleo- morphic schizophyte. Occurs in grains the size of a poppy-seed; composed of radiating threads. Stains with anilin dyes; is not decolorized by Gram's method. Grows on egg albumin, gelatin, potato, and bouillon, liqf, pg., chg. (Sulphur-yellow.) .ffithyl- bacillus de Fitz. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg, etc. Amylobacter Clostridium, Trecul. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. A New Bacillus of Ma- lignant Edema, Klein. See Bacillus cedematis aerobicus, Klein. Anthrax bacillus. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Arthrobacterium aceti, De Bary. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing. Arthrobacterium chlorinum, De Bary. See .5a- cillus chlorinus, Engelmann. Arthrobacterium merismopoedioides, De Bary. See Bacillus meris- mopoedioides, Zopf. Arthrobacterium pastorianum, De Bary. See Bacillus pasteurianus , Hansen. Arthrobacterium viride, De Bary. See Bacillus viridis. Van Tieghem. Arthrobacterium zopiii. See Bacillus zopfii. Arthro-kokkaceen, Ger. Arthro- spore bacteria forming only cocci and cocci-chains. Ascobacillus citreus, Unna and Tommasoli. Syn. Ascococcus citreus. On the skin, in cases of eczema seborrhoeicum. aer., liqf, mot., chg. (lemon-yellow), npg. Ascobacterium ulvina. Van Tieghem. Short rods occurring in liquids containing decaying legumi- nous seeds. Ascococcus billrothii, Cohn. Lobu- lated masses, producing a viscous fermentation of saccharine fluids and evolving butyric acid in solution of ammonium tartrate. Ascococcus citreus, Unna and Tommasoli. See Ascobacillus citreus. Ascococcus johnei, Cohn. See Micrococcus botryogenus, Rabe. Ascococcus mesenteroides, Cienkowski. See Leu- conostoc mesenteroides, Cienkowski. Ascococcus vibrans. Van Tieghem. Upon water containing Beggiatoce ; distinguished from A. billrothii by the whirling and oscillating of the cells. Aussatz- bacillus, Ger. See Bacillus lepra, Hansen. Bacille aerogene, Fr. See Bacillus lactis aerogenes, t Miller. Bacille Aerophile, Fr. See Bacilltis aero- philus, Liborius. Bacille brun de la pomme de terre, Fr. See Bacillus mesentericus fuscus, Fliigge. Bacille butylique, Fr. See Bacillus buty- licus, Fitz. Bacille butyrique, Fr. See Bacillus butyricus, Pasteur. Bacille commune de la pomme de terre, Fr. See Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, Fliigge. Bacille coprogene fetide, Fr. See Bacillus coprogenes foetidus, Schottelius. Bacille cyanog^ne, Fr. See Bacillus cyanogenus , Hueppe. Bacille de Bienstock, I, II, Fr. See Bacillus subtilis simulans, Bienstock. Bacille de Brieger, Fr. See Bacillus cavicidus, Bneger. Bacille deDenecke,Fr. See Spir- illum tyrogenum, Denecke. Bacille de Kinkier et Prior, Fr. See Spirillum of Finkler and Prior. Bacille de Hauser. See Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus zenkeri, Hauser. Bacille de Koch. See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Bacille de la chylurie, Fr. See -Bacillus of chyluria, Wilson. BACTERIA 158 BACTERIA Bacille de la coqueluche, Fr. See Bacillus iussis convulsivtE, Afanassiew. Bacille de la decomposi- tion de I'albuinine, Fr. See Bacillus putrificus coli, Bienstock. Bacille de la diarrhee verte infantile, Fr. See Bacillus of green diarrhea in children, Lesage. Bacille de la diphth^rie. See Bacillus diphtheria, Loffler. Bacille de la diphtherie des pigeons, Fr. See Bacillus diphthericB columbarum, Loffler. Bacille de la diphtherie des veaux, Fr. See Bacillus diphtheria vituloi'um, Loffler. Bacille de la diphtherie intestinale chez las lapins, Fr. See Bacillus of intestinal diphtheria in rabbits, Rib- bert. Bacille de la dysenterie epidemique, Fr. See Bacillus dysenteria, Chantemesse and Widal. Bacille de la dysenterie epizootique des poules et des dindes, Fr. See Bacillus of Lucet. Bacille de la fermentation butyrique, Fr. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacille de la fermentation lactique, Fr. See Bacillus acidi laciici, Hueppe. Bacille de la fievre jaune, Fr. See Bacillus of yellow fever. Bacille de la fievre puerperale, Fr. See Bacillus of puerperal fever. Bacille de la fievre typhoide, Fr. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis , Eberth. Bacille de la gangrene emphysemateuse pro- gressive. Bacille de la gangrene gazeuse, Fr. See Bacillus (sdematis maligni, Koch. Bacille de la gangrene senile, Fr. See Bacillus of senile gangrene, Tricomi. Bacille de la lepre, Fr. See Bacillus lepra, Hansen. Bacille de la malaria, Fr. See Bacillus malaria, Klebs and Tommasi-Crudeli. Ba- cille de la morve, Fr. See Bacillus mallei, Loffler. Bacille de la necrose du foie des cochins d'inde, Fr. See Bacillus of necrosis of the liver of guinea- pigs, Eberth. Bacille de la pest porcine, Fr. See Bacillus of swine-plague, Marseilles, Rietsch, and Jobert. Bacille de la pseudo-tuberculose du lapin, Fr. See Bacillus of pseudo-tuberculosis in rabbits, Mallassez and Vignal. Bacille de la pyemic, Fr. See Bacillus of pyemia, Beltzow. Bacille de la rage, Fr. See Bacillus lyssa, Pasteur. Bacille de la scarlatine, Fr. See Bacillus of scarlet fever, Crooke. Bacille de la septic6mie. See Bacillus of septicemia in man, Klein. Bacille de la septi- cemie du lapin, Fr. See Bacillus septicamia hamor- rhagica, Sternberg. Bacille de la septicemic de la souris, Fr. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Loffler, Schiitz. Bacille de la septicemic gangreneuse de la grenouille, Legrain, Fr. See Bacillus hydro- philus fuscus, Sanarelli. Bacille de la sueur des pieds, Fr. ^e.^' Bacillus saprogenes, II, Rosenbach, Bacillus fasti dus, Passet, and Bacillus graveolens, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. Bacille de la syphilis, Fr. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Bacille de la tuberculose, Fr. See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Bacille de la tuberculose des vignes, Fr. See Bacillus of tuberculosis of vines, Corvo. Bacille de la tuberculose zo6gl6ique, Fr. See Bacillus of pseudo-tuberculosis in rabbits, Mallassez and Vignal. Bacille de la tetanic, Fr. See Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Bacille de I'Srysipfele du lapin, Fr. See Bacillus of erysipelas in rabbits, Koch. Bacille de liborius, Fr. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacille de I'oedeme, bacille de Toedfeme malin, Fr. See Bacillus cedematis maligni, Pasteur, Koch. Bacille de I'urfee, Fr. See Bacillus urea, Miquel. Bacille de Lustgarten, Fr. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Bacille de pneumonie, Fr. See Bacillus pneumonia friedldnderi. Bacille de Praz- mowski, Fr. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacille des pomme de terre, Fr. See Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, Fliigge. Bacille du beri- beri, Fr. See Bacillus beribericus, De Lacerda. Bacille du cancer, Fr. See Bacillus of carcinoma, Rappin and Scheurlen. Bacille du catarrhe con- jonctival. See Bacillus of conjunctival catarrh , Koch. Bacille du charbon, Fr. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender. Bacille du charbon symptomatique, Fr. See Bacillus chauvai, Bollinger and Feser. Bacille du cholera, Fr. See Spirillum cholera asiatica, Koch. Bacille du cholera des poules, Fr. See Bacillus septicaviia hamorrhagica , Stem- berg. Bacille du ferysipele du pore, Fr. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Pasteur. Bacille du farcin du bcEuf, Fr. See Bacillus of Nocard. Bacille du foin, Fr. See Bacillus subtilis, Cohn. Bacille du jequirity, Fr. See Bacillus of jequirity ophthalmia. Bacille du lait bleu, Fr. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacille du lait jaune, Fr. See Bacilhis synxanthus, Ehrenberg. Bacille du lait rouge, Fr. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacille du mal rouge, Fr. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Pas- teur. Bacille du pain rouge, Fr. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacille du rouget du pore, Fr. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Pasteur. Bacille du pus bleu, Fr. See Bacillus pyocyaneus, Gessard. Bacille du pus vert, Fr. See Bacillus pyocyaneus, Gessard. Bacille du rhinosclerome, Fr. See Bacillus rhinoscleromatis, Comil and Alva- rez. Bacille du rhumatisme, Fr. See Bacillus rheumarthritidis, Kussmaul. Bacille du rouge de morue, Fr. See Bacillus of Dantec. Bacille du t^tanos, Fr. See Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Bacille du xerosis conjunctivae, Fr. See Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunctivae, Leber, Kuschbert, and Neisser. Bacille en virgule, Fr. See Spirillum cholera asiatica, Koch. Bacille erythrospore, Fr. See Bacillus erythrosporus , Eidam, Cohn. Bacille muri- septique, Fr. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Pasteur. Bacille mycoide, Fr. See Bacillus mycoides, Fliigge. Bacille neapolitaine, Fr. See Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Bacille pneumonique, Fr. See Bacillus pneumonicus agilis, Schou. Bacille puerp6rale, Fr. See Bacillus puerperalis, SpiUman. Bacille pyogene fetide, Fr. See Bacillus pyogenes fcetidus, Passet. Bacille rouge de globig, Fr. Bacille rouge de la pomme de terre, Fr. See Bacillus mesentericus ruber, Globig. Bacille saprogene, Fr. See Bacillus saprogenes, Rosenbach. Bacille septique. See Bacillus septicus, Klein. Bacille septique agri- gene, Fr. See Bacillus septicus agregenus, Nicolaier. Bacille typhique, Fr. See Bacillus typhi abdomi- nalis, Eberth. Bacille virgule, bacille virgule cholerique, Fr. See Spirillum cholera asiatica, Koch. Bacillen der Vergahrung von Kohlenhy- draten, Ger. See Bacilli of fermentation of carbo- hydrates. Bacillen aus Faeces, Ger. Microbes of the feces. Bacilles de la bouche, Fr. Microbes of the mouth. Bacilles de la fermentation des carbohydrates, Fr. See Bacilli of fermentation of carbohydrates. Bacilles de I'air, Fr. Microbes of the air. Bacilles de I'eau, Fr. Microbes of water. Bacilles de I'intestin, Fr. Microbes of the intestine. Bacilles de Purine, Fr. Microbes of the urine. Bacilles de la terre, Fr. Microbes of the soil. Bacilles des selles, Fr. Microbes of the feces. Bacilles du crachat, Fr. Microbes of the sputum. Bacilles du pus, Fr. Microbes of pus. Bacilles chromog6niques, Fr. Chromogenic microbes. Ba- ^bbreviations. — aer. = aerobic. anaSr. «= anaerobic, ch^. — = chromogenic. facanaer. »= facultative anaerobic. Kqf. = liquefao tive. fnonom. ™ monomorphic. mot. — motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot, = non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic. 0*/. — obligate, ojc/. — oscillating. >£-. — pathogenic. >Aoi. — phospfiorescent. />/«o»i. = pleomorphic, ja^. — sapropnytic. BACTERIA 159 BACTERIA cilles fluorescentes, Fr. Fluorescent microbes. Bacilles pathogeniques, Fr. Pathogenic microbes. Bacilles du sang, Fr. Microbes of the blood. Bacilles du smegma, Fr. Microbes of the smegma. Bacilles zymogenes, Fr. Zymogenic microbes. Bacilli zymogen!, L. Zymogenic microbes. Ba- cilli of Butyric Acid Fermentation. Syn., Bacilles de la fermentation butyrique, Fr. ; Bacillen der Butter- sauregahrung, Ger. See Bacillus butyricus, Hueppe and Prazmowski. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz. Bacilli of Fermentation of Carbohydrates. Syn., Bacilles de la fermentation des carbohydrates, Fr. ; Bacillen der Vergahrung von Kohlenhydraten, Ger. See Bacil- lus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Bacillus butyricus, Hueppe and Prazmowski. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz. Bacillus dysodes, Zopf. Bacillus polymixa, Prazmowski. Ba- cilli of Guillebeau (a, b, c) , obtained from milk of cows with mastitis ; give rise to a peculiar fermentation of cheese, (a) aer., facanaer., mot., nliqf.; (b) air. , facanaer. , liqf. , mot. ; (c) aer. , nliqf. Bacilli of Ice. Syn., Eisbacillen. Microbes of ice. Bacilli of Pus. Syn., Bacilles du pus, Fr. ; Eiterbacillen, Ger. Microbes of pus. Bacilli of Putrefaction. Syn. , Faulniss erregende Bacillen, Ger. Microbes of putrefaction. Bacilli of Sputum. Microbes of the mouth. Bacilli of the Air. Syn., Bacilles de Pair, Fr. ; Luftbacillen, Ger. Microbes of the air. Bacilli of the Feces. Syn., Bacilles des selles, Fr. ; Kot- bacillen, Bacillen aus Faeces, Ger. Microbes of the feces. Bacilli of the Intestine. Syn. , Bacilles de I'intestine, Fr. ; Darmbacillen, Ger. Microbes of the intestine. Bacilli of the Mouth. Syn., Bacilles de la bouche, Fr. ; Mundhohlebacillen, Ger. Microbes of the mouth. Bacilli of the Soil. Syn., Bacilles de la terre, Fr. ; Erdbacillen, Bodenbacillen, Ger. Microbes of the soil. Bacilli of the Urine. Syn. , Bacilles de Purine, Fr. ; Bacillen des Harns, Ger. Microbes of the urine. Bacilli of Water. Syn., Bacilles de Peau, Fr. ; Wasserbacillen, Ger. Microbes of water. Bacillo a virgola, Ital. See Sfirillum cholercs asiaticts, Koch. Bacillo buterrico, Ital. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacillo del carbonchio, Ital. See Bacillus anthracis, Pol- lender. Bacillo del carbonchio sintomatico, Ital. See Bacillus chauvcei, Bollinger and Feser. Bacillo del fieno, Ital. See Bacillus subtilis, Cohn. Bacillo della malaria, Ital. See Bacillus malarice, Klebs and Tommasi-Crudeli. Bacillo del mollusco con- tagioso, Ital. See Bacillus mollusci, Dominico. Bacillo del sifilide, Ital. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Bacillo della tuberculosi, Ital. See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Bacillo tifoso, Ital. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis , Eberth. Bacillo tuberculare, Ital. See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Bacillo virgolato, Ital. See Spirillum cholerce asi- aticce, Koch. Bacillus u, Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing, Sommer. Syn., Arthrobacterium aceti, De Bary. Bacillus aceticus, Flugge ; Bacterie du vinaigre ; Bacterium aceti, Lanzi. Bacterium der Essiggahrung ; Essigfer- ment ; Essigpilz; Micrococcus aceti; Mycoderma aceti, Pasteur. Mycoderme du vinaigre. Ulvina aceti, Kutzing. Found in air and vinegar; common. Large cylindrical cells of varying size. Absorbs oxygen from air and oxidizes alcohol to acetic acid ; produces vinegar; may, by further oxidation, convert this into carbonic acid and water, aer., nliqf., mot., npg., pleom. Cf. Bacillus pasteurianum, Hansen ; Bacte- rium xylinum, A. J. Brown. Bacillus aceticus. Flugge. See Bacillus aceti, Kutzing. Bacillus acidiformans, Sternberg. Obtained from the liver of a yellow fever cadaver, aer., facanaer., nliqf. f nmot.,pg. Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Syn., Bacterium lactis. Lister. Bact6rie ou Bacille de la fermentation lactique, Fr. ; Bacterium der Milch- sauregahrung, Ger. Found in the air and in sour milk, aer., facancier., ^nliqf., nmot., npg. Ba- cillus actinobacter, Duclaux. Syn.,' Actinobacter polymorphtis. A minute capsulated bacillus, ren- dering milk gelatinous and ropy, aer., nm-ot. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacillus aero- genes, I, II, III, Miller. Syn., Bacterium, aero- genes. Miller. Helicobacterium aerogenes. Miller. Three small bacilli from the alimentary tract of healthy persons, der., nliqf., mot., npg. S&e Bacillus lactis aerogenes, . Escherich. Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus, Welch and Nuttall. Found in the blood- vessels in a case of thoracic aneurysm, anaer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus aerophilus, Liborius. Ob- tained from the air. aer., liqf, nmot., npg. Syn., Bacille aerophUe, Fr. Bacillus aeruginosttm. See Bacillus pyocyaneus , Gessard. Bacillus albuminis, Bienstock. Found abundantly in feces. Decomposes albumin, hence its name. aer. , mot. , npg. Bacillus albus, Becker, Eisenberg. The white bacillus of water. Weisser Bacillus aus Wasser, Ger. aer. , nliqf, mot. , npg. Bacillus albus anaerobiescens,Vaughan. Found in water. ««?-., facanaer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus albus cadaveris, Strassmann and Strieker. P'ound in blood of cadaver, aer., liqf, mot., pg. Bacillus albus putridis, De Bary. Found in water. aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus allantoides, Klein. Obtained from the air. aer., mot., npg. Not suffi- ciently studied. Bacillus allii, Griffiths. Syn., Bacterium^ allii. Found on surface of decaying onions. aer., chg. (green), npg. Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Syn., Bacillus preussii, Ciesiekki. Bacillus melittopthorus, Cohn. Bacillus of foul brood. Bacillus der Faulbrut, Ger. Obtained from bee larvse infected with "foul brood." aer., facanaer., liqf, mot. , pg. Also pathogenic for mice and guinea pigs. Cf. Bacillus of Canestrini. Bacillus amylobacter, Van Tieghem. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacillus amylovorous, Burrill. See Bacillus butyric-us, Botkin, Prazmowski. Bacillus amylozyma, Perdrix. Found in hydrant water (Paris), anaer., nliqf, mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus anaero- bicus liquefaciens, Sternberg. Obtained from con- tents of intestine of yellow fever cadaver, anaer., liqf, nmot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Syn. , Bacterium anthracicum, Bollinger. Bacterium, anthracis, Zopf. Bacterium carbunculare , Pollender, Brauell, Dela- fond, Davaine. Metallacter anthracis, Trevisan. Ba- cille du charbon, Fr. ; Bacteridie charbonneuse, Fr.; Bacteridie du charbon, Fr. ; Bacillus anthracis e car- bonchio, Bacillo del carbonichio. It. ; Milzbrand- bacillus, Ger. Bacillus of Braxy. Found in the blood of animals and persons infected with anthrax. aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacillus aquaticus liquefaciens, Pokrowsky. Found in river water (Kura), and hydrant water (Tiffis). Bacillus aqua- tilis, irankland. Found in well-water in the chalk- formations of Kent, Eng. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus aquatilis sulcatus, I, II, III, IV, V, Weichselbaum. Found in hydrant water (Vienna). aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus arbo- rescens, Frankland. Found in hydrant water (Lon- Abbreviations.— Off. — aerobic, anaer. — anaerobic, chg:. = chromngenic. facanaer. = facultztive anaerobic, liqf. = liquefao tive. monom. — monoraorphic. mot. = motile, nligf. = non-liquefactlve. nmol. — non-motile, npg: = non-pathogenic. oW. = obligate.* Dic/. — oscillating, /^.—pathogenic. /Am. = phosphorescent. /feoM.— pleomorphic, jo/. — saprophytic. BACTERIA 160 BACTERIA don), aer. , liqf., oscl., ckg. [oraxig&rei), npg. Bacil- lus argenteo-phosphorescens, I, II, III, Katz. Obtained respectively from sea-water, phosphorescent pieces of fish, and cuttle-fish (Sydney, N. S. W). aer., nliqf., mot. (except II), phos., npg. Bacillus argenteo-phosphorescens liquefaciens, Katz. Ob- tained from sea- water, near Sydney, N. S. W. aer., facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , phes. , npg. Bacillus auran- tiacus, Frankland. Found in well-water, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , chg. (orange) , npg. Bacillus aureus, Adametz. Found in water ; also on the skin in cases of eczema seborrhceicum, Unna and Tommasoli. aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (golden yellow). Bacillus b, Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus B., Hofmann. Found in the larvae of Liparis monacha. The cause of Flacherie, or Schlaffsucht. Bacillus bei Diphtheric des Menschen, Ger. See Bacillus diphtheria:, Klebs and Loffler. Bacillus bei Erysipel am Kaninchen, Bacillus bei Erysipel am Kaninchenohr, Ger. Set Bacillus erysipelatoszis leporis,K.oc\i. Bacillus bei Lichen ruber, GeV. See Bacillus of Lichen ruber. Laser. Bacillus bei Keuchhusten, Ger. See Bacil- lus tussis convulsivcE, Afanassie w. Bacillus beri-beri- cus, Lacerda. Syn. ,Micrococcus of beri-beri, Lacerda, Neisseria, Winkleri. Bacille du beri-beri, Fr. Bacil- lus of Beri-beri, Eykmann. Found by Lacerda, Pekel- haring, and Winkler, in the blood of persons affected with beri-beri. Negative results were obtained by Eyk- mann and Sternberg. The disease is now held to be identical with dochmiasis, produced by the nematode worm Dochmitis duodenalis , Leuckart. See Beri-beri. Bacillus berolinensis indicus, Classen. Found in water of the Spree, aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (indigo- blue) , npg. Bacillus bienstocicii, Bienstock. Found in human feces. mot.,pg. Bacillus brassicse, Pom- mer. Found in infusions of cabbage-leaves, aer., facan- aer. , liqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus brunneus, Adametz and Weichmann. Found in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Syn., Bacillus ulna,\igna\. Bacillus a,"V\ga2i; Bacillus b, Vignal ; Bacillus f Vignal ; Bacillus g, Vignal ; Bacillus _/,Vignal. Bacillus buccalis fortuitus ,^\^n.&\. Bacillus buccalis minutus, Vignal. Leptothrix buccalis, Vignal. From the salivary secretions of healthy persons, aer. , liqf, npg., chg. (golden yellow). Bacillus buccalis maximus. Miller. Found in the mouth of man. Common. Biologic characters undetermined. Ba- cillus buccalis minutus, Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz. Syn., Bacille butylique,Fr. See Bacillus butyricus, Hueppe. Bacillus butyricus, Botkin, Hueppe, Prazmowski. Obtained from milk, hydrant water and well-water, old cheese, garden earth, dust, etc. Syn., Actinobacter polymorphus, Duclaux. Amylohacter Clostridium, Trecul. Bacillus actinobacter, Duclaux. Bacillus am-ylobacter. Van Tieghem. Bacillus butylicus, Fitz. Bacterium navicula, Reinke and Berthold.- Clostridi- um butyricum, Prazmowski. Micrococcus amylovo- rous, Burrill. Vibrione butyrique, Pasteur. Bacille de la fermentation butyrique, Bacille de Liborius, Bacille de Prazmowski, Bact^rie de la fermentation bu- tyrique, F"r. ; Bacillo buterrico , Ital. Bacterium der But- tersauregahrung, Butterbacillus, Buttersaurebacillus, Fettbacillus, Liborius' Buttersaure bildender Bacillus, Kartoffelfaulebacillus, Ger. Butylbacillus ; Bacillus of butyric acid fermentation ; Bacillus of fire-blight ; Bacillus of pear-blight ; Micrococcus of apple-blight ; Micrococcus of pear-blight. One of the most widely diffused forms, exceedingly important and varied in its powers of decomposition. It is typically anaerobic and the chief of all the ferments giving rise to butyric acid as a primary product. It plays an important part in the human economy and in the destruction of plant cellulose. Botkin regards the form observed by him as distinct, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., npg., pleom. Bacillus butyri fluorescens, Lafar. Occur- ring in every sample of natural butter examined. See Bacterium butyri colloideum, Lafar. Bacillus melochloros, Winkler and Schroter. Bacillus butyri viscosus, Lafar. Found in butter, aer. , nliqf. , npg. Bacillus cadave'ris, Sternberg ; obtained from yellow fever cadavers, obi., anaer.isirict), nmot., pg. Bacillus canalis capsulatus, Mori. Found in sewer water. aer. , facanaer,, nliqf ., nmot., pg. (for mice; guinea pigs , and rabbits immune) . Bacillus canalis parvus, Mori. F'ound in sewer water, aer., nliqf, nmot., pg. (for mice and guinea pigs) . Bacillus candicans, Frankland. Found in soil, aer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus capsulatus, Pfeiffer. Obtained from the blood of a guinea pig. aer., facanaer., nliqf, nmot., pg. (for white mice and house mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and pigeons (septicemia). Cf. Capsule ba- cillus of Loeb. Bacillus capsulatus mucosus, Fasching. Found in the nasal secretions of man in cases of influenza, aer., facanaer., nmot, nliqf ,pg. (for white mice and field mice), npg. (for rabbits and pigeons). Bacillus capsulatus smithii, a, b, c, Theo- bald Smith. Syn. , Capsule bacillus of Smith. Found in the intestines of swine, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , npg. According to Smith, possibly identical with .5a- cillus lactis aerogenes, Escherich. Bacillus carabi- formis, Kaczynsky. Found in the stomach of meat- fed dogs. aer. , liqf , mot. , npg. Bacillus carotarum, A. Koch. Obtained from cooked carrots and sugar beets, aer., liqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus catenula, Duclaux. Syn. , I'yrothrix catenula. Found in cheese. anaer. (will however grow in air), nmot., npg. Bacillus caucasicus, Kern. Syn., Bacterium cau- casicum. Dispora caucasica, Kern. Grains de Ke- phyr, Fr. ; Kefirbacillus, Kefirferment, Kefirpilz- glomerat, Hirse des Propheten, Ger. Used in the preparation of the peculiar milk-wine, " Kefir." aer., facanaer., nmot., npg. Bacillus cavicida, Brieger. See Bacillus cavicidus, Brieger, Bacillus cavicida havaniensis, Sternberg. Obtained from intestine of yellow fever cadaver, aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot. Bacillus cavicidus, Brieger. Syn., Bacillus cavicida. Brieger' s bacillus. Bacillus de Brieger, bacterie de la fermentation propionique, Fr. Obtained from human feces, aer., facanaer., nliqf, pg. (not for rabbits or mice). Perhaps identical with Bacillus neapolitanus , Emmerich. Bacillus cavise fortuitus, Sternberg. Found in exudates of guinea pig inoculated with liver from yellow fever cadaver. aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus chau- vaei, Bollinger and Feser, Arloing, Cornevin, and Thomas. Syn., Bacillus of symptomatic anthrax. Bacille du charbon symptomatique, Bact^ridie du charbon symptomatique, Fr. ; Rauschbrandbacillus, Bacillus des Rauschbrandes, Ger. ; Bacillo del car- bonchio sintomatico, Ital. Clostridium of sympto- matic anthrax, Neelsen and Ehlers. Found in tissues of cattle suffering from symptomatic anthrax, "black leg," or "quarter evil." anaer., liqf., mot., pg. Bacillus chlorinus, Engelmann. Syn., Arthrobacterium chlorinum, De Bary. Bacterium chloriiium, Engelmann. Found in infusions of de- caying vegetable matter, aer. , sap. , chg. (green) , npg. Abbreviations. — fl^r, = aerobic, awfl^n ™ anaerobic. (:Aj?;. = chromogenic. /a^raMa^n — facultative anaerobic, /i'^y". = lique- factive. wowow. =-monomorphic. wzo/. = motile. n/iVy. =-non-Iiquefactive. mwo^ «= non-motile. wA?-"" non-pathogenic. oW. •= obligate, ojc/. = oscillating. />^. = pathogenic. ^Aoi. — phosphorescent. ^/co»». — pleomorphic. ja>. — sapropTiytic. BACTERIA 161 BACTERIA Bacillus cholerae asiaticse, Koch. See Spirillum cholera asiaticce, Koch. Bacillus cholerse galli- narum, Flugge. See Bacillus sepHccemice hmmor- rhagicce, Sternberg. Bacillus chromo-aromaticus, Galtier. Obtained from the carcass of a diseased pig. aer. ,facanaer. , liqf., mot. ,pg. (for rabbits) . Bacillus circulans, Jordan. Found in the water of Merrimac River, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus citreus. See Ascobacillus citreus, Unna and Tom- masoli. Bacillus citreus cadaveris, Strassmann. Found in cadaver, air., liqf., nmot., chg. (yellow). Bacillus claviformis, Duclaux. Syn. , Tyroihrix claviformis, Duclaux. Found in fermenting casein. anair. , pg. Bacillus cloacae, Jordan. One of the most common microbes in sewage. aer.,facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus coeruleus, Smith. Found in river water (Schuylkill), aer., liqf., chg. (blue), npg. Bacillus coli communis. See Bacillus nea- politanus, Emmerich. Bacillus coli similis, Stern- berg. Obtained from human liver, aer., facanaer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus constrictus, Zim- mermann. Found in water, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf . , mot. , chg. (cadmium yellow) , npg. Bacillus copro- genes fcetidus, Schottelius. Syn., Darmbacillus von Schottelius, Ger. ; Bacille coprogfine fetide, Fr. Obtained from intestinal contents of pigs dead of malignant erysipelas, aer., nliqf, nmot., pg. Ba- cillus coprogenes parvus. Syn., Mausesepti- kamieahnlicher Bacillus, Eisenberg. Obtained from human feces. aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus crassus. Van Tieghem. The broadest known bacterium, 4 /i. mot., npg. Bacillus crassus sputigenus, Kreibohm. Syn. , Bacillus sputigenus crassus. From the sputum and tongue of man. aer., nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacillus crystallosus. Bacillus cuneatus. Syn., Bacterium cuneatum,^ivo\\.a. Found in the blood and viscera of horses, cattle, and dogs dead of septic processes, pg. Bacillus cuniculicida, Flugge. Bacillus cuniculicidus, Koch. See Bacil- lus septicemia hcemorrhagiccB, Sternberg. Bacillus cuniculicida havaniensis, Sternberg. Found in viscera of yellow fever cadavers, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf pg. Bacillus cuticularis, Tils. Found in water, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (yellow), npg. Bacillus cyaneo phosphorescens, Katz. Obtained from sea water (Australia), aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., phos., chg. (greenish), npg. Bacillus cyanofuscus, Beyerinck. Obtained from glue andEdam cheese, aer., chg. , (green, changing to blue, brown, black), liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus cyanogenus, FuChs. Hueppe, Neelsen. Syn. , Bacillus lactis cyanogenus. Bacillus syncyanum. Bacterium cyanogenuin, Fuchs, Bacterium, syncy- anum, Ehrenberg, Schroter. Vibrio cyanogenus, Fuchs. Vibrio syncyanus, Ehrenberg. Bacille du lait blue, Bacille cyanogSne, Microbe du lait blue, Fr. Pilz der blauen Milch, Ger. Bacillus of blue milk. Found in milk, aer., nliqf, mot., chg. (grayish blue), npg. Bacillus cystiformis, Clado. Found in urine of patient with cystitis, aer., nliqf, mot., npg. Bacillus delicatulus, Jordan. Found in hydrant water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus dentalis viridans, Miller. Syn., Miller's bacillus. Found in carious dentine, aer., facanaer.; nliqf. ,pg. Bacillus deni- trificans, Giltay and Aberson. Obtained from the soil, air, and sewage, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Cf Bacterium denitrificans , Gayon and Dupetit. Bacil- lus der Akne contagiosa des Pferdes. See Bacil- lus of horse pox. Bacillus der amerikanischen Rinderseuche, Canerva. See Bacillus of swine plague, Marseilles. Bacillus des Bindehautcatarrhs, Koch. See Bacillus of conjunctival catarrh. Bacillus der blauen Milch. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Fuchs. Bacillus der Biiffelseuche, Oreste, Armenni. See Bacillus septiccemice hcemorrhagiccE , Sternberg. Bacil- lus der Buttersauregahrung. See Bacillus butyri- cus, Prazmowski. Bacillus der Chyluria. See Bacillus of chyluria, Wilson. Bacillus der Dachs- leber, Marpmann. Found in the necrotic por- tions from the abscesses in the liver of a badger. Bacillus der Eiweisszersetzung. See Bacillus putrificus coli, Bienstock. Bacillus der Faulbrut. See Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Bacil- lus der Frettchenseuche (ferret disease), Eberth and Schimmelbusch. See Bacillus of swine plague, Marseilles. Bacillus des gelben Fiebers. See Bacillus of yellow fever. Bacillus der Hadern- krankheit. See Bacillus hominis capsulatus, Bordoni- Uffreduzzi. Bacillus der Harnstoifgahrung. See Bacillus urece, Leube. Bacillus der Hiihner- cholera. See Bacillus septiccemice hismorrhagicce, Sternberg. Bacillus der Jequirity Opthalmie, Ger. See Bacillus of jequirity ophthalmia. Da Wecker. Bacillus der Kalberdiphtherie, Ger. See Bacillus diphtherice vitulorum, Loffler. Bacillus der Kaninchenseptikamie, Koch. See Bacillus septiccEm.ice hcemm^hagicee, Sternberg. Bacillus der Lepra. See Bacillus lepm, Hansen. Bacillus der Lungen des Rindviehs, Ger. See Bacillus of the lungs of cattle, Liistig. Bacillus der Mala- ria, Ger. See Bacillus malarice, Klebs and Tommasi Crudeli. Bacillus der Mauseseptikamie. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Sternberg. Bacillus der Pseudotuberculose der Kaninchen, Ger. See Bacillus of pseudotuberculosis in rabbits. Bacillus des Puerperalfiebers, Ger. See Bacillus puerperalis , Engel and Spillman. Bacillus der Pyamie, Ger. See Bacillus of pyemia, Beltzow. Bacillus der Rinder- seuche, Kitt. , Ger. See Bacillus septiccemiiB hcemor- rhagicce, Sternberg. Bacillus der roten Milch. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus der schleimigen Milch, Loffler, Ger. See Bacillus lactis pituitosi, Loffler. Bacillus der Schweinepest, Ger. See Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, Klein. Bacil- lus der Schweineseuche, Loffler and Schutz. See Bacillus septiccemice hcemorrhagica, Sternberg. Bacil- lus der Schweineseuche Marseilles, Rietsch and Jobert. See Bacillus of swine plague, Marseilles. Bacillus der Septikamie bei Mausen, Ger. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Sternberg. Bacillus der Taubendiphtherie. See Bacillus diphtherice colum- barum, Loffler. Bacillus der ^Wildseuche, Hueppe, Ger. See Bacillus septiccEmice hcem.orrhagica. Stem- berg. Bacillus der Wurmkrankheit. See Bacillus of Nocard. Bacillus der Xerosis epithelialis con- junctivae. See Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunc- tivae, Leber, Kuschbert, and Neisser. Bacillus des Aussatzes, Ger. See Bacillus lepm, Hansen. Bacillus des Blutes, Ger. See Bacillus of the blood. Bacillus des Erysipelas malignum beim Schw^ein, Ger. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Stern- berg. Bacillus, des Gefliigeltyphoid, Ger. See Bacillus septiccemia hicmorrhagiccc, Sternberg. Bacil- lus des griinblauen Eiters, Ger., also Bacillus des griinen Eiters. See Bacillus pyocyaneus, Ges- sard. Bacillus des Hams, Ger. Microbe of the urine. Bacillus des Keuchhustens, Ger. See Bacillus tussis convulsive, Afanassiew. Bacillus des Abbreviations.— fli>. —= aerobic. aKoe>-. = anaerobic. cA^. =chroinogenic. /acaMa^r. = facultative anaerobic, ft'?/. — liquefac- tive. movom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. ■= non-motile, npg;. = non-pathogenic. oW. = obligate, ojc/. — oscillating. />^. = pathogenic. >Aof. = phosphorescent. >/ra»!. — pleomorphic. io/>. — saprophytic. II BACTERIA 162 BACTERIA Milchfaeces, Bacillus des Milchkotes, Ger. See Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich, and Bacillus lactis aerogenes, . Escherich. Bacillus des Pseudo- schweinerotlaufs, Ger. See Bacillus parvus ova- tus, Loffler. Bacillus des Rauschbrandes, Ger. See Bacillus chauveei, Bollinger and Feser. Bacil- lus des Rhinoscleroms, Ger. See Bacillus rhino- scleromatis, Cornil and Alvarez. Bacillus des roten Brodes, Ger. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus des Rotzes. See Bacillus mallei, Loffler. Bacillus des Schweinerotlaufs, Loffler and SchUtz,Ger. %yn., Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Sternberg. Bacillus des Wundstarrkrampfes, Ger. See Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Bacillus de- vorans, Zimmermann. Found in well water, aer. , facanaer., liqf., mot,, i:pg. Bacillus diffusus, Franldand. Found in the soil, aer., liqf., npg. Bacillus diphtheriae, Klebs and Loffler. Syn. , Ba- cillus diphtheriiicus , Bacillus diphtheritidis. Micro- coccus diphtheriticus, Cohn. Bacillus bei Diphtherie des Menschen , Bacterie der Diphtherie, Ger. Bacille de la diphtherie, Bacterie de la diphtherie, Fr. Found in diphtheritic false membranes, aer. , nliqf. , nmot. , facanaer., pg. Bacillus diphtheriae columbarutn, Loffler. Bacillus der Taubendiphtherie, Bacterium der Diphtherie bei Menschen und Tauben, Ger. Bacille de la diphtherie des pigeons, Fr. From the pseudomembrane? in the mouths of pigeons infected with pigeon diphtheria, aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus diphtheriae vitulorum, Loffler. Bacille de la diphtherie des veaux, Fr. Bacillus der Kalber- diphtherie, Ger. From the pseudomembranes in the mouths of calves infected with epidemic diphtheria ; culture experiments unsuccessful, pg. Rabbits and guinea pigs immune. Bacillus diphtheriticus. Ba- cillus diphtheridis. Bacillus diphtheritis. See Bacillus diphthericE, Klebs and Loffler. Bacillus distortus, Duclaux. Syn. ,Tyroth>ixdistortus. Found in milk and cheese, aer., mot., npg. Bacillus dysenteriae, Chantemesse and Widal. Syn. , Bacille de la dysenteric epidemique ; Microbe de la dysenteric epidemique, Fr. Found in the intestinal contents and viscera of dysentery cadavers. aer. , nliqf. , pg. Bacillus dysodes, Zopf. Syn., Bacterium dysodes. Found in yeast, inducing fermentative changes in bread, causing it to smell dis^reeably and to become greasy and unfit for use. Bacillus Emmerich. See Bacillus neapolitanus , Emmerich. Bacillus endo- carditidis capsulatus, Weichselbaum. From viscera of man who died of endocarditis with thrombi, aer., nliqf, pg. Bacillus endocarditidis griseus, Weich- selbaum. F'rom the heart in a case of endocarditis recurrens ulcerosa, aer., nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus enteritidis, Gartner. Obtained from the tissues of a cow killed on account of sickness attended with mucous diarrhea, and from the spleen of a man who died shortly after eating of the flesh of this cow. '., mot., pg. Dogs, cats, chickens, and sparrows are immune. Bacillus epidermidis, Bizzo- zero. Syn. , Leptothrix epidermidis. Microsporon min- utissimum, Burchart. From the epidermis between the toes, aer., nliqf, npg. Bacillus epidermidis, Bor- doni-Uffreduzzi. See Bacillus of Scheurlen. Bacillus Epsilon, von Miller. See Spirillum, Finkler-Prior. Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch, Loffler, Schiitz, Pasteur. Syn., Bacillus erysipelas maligmim. Bacillus minimus. Bacillus murisepticus , P'liigge. Bacillus septicus, Koch. Bacille de la septicemic de la souris, Bacille du ^rysipile du pore, Bacille du raal rouge. Bacille du rouget du pore, Pasteur, Bacille murisep- tique, Fr. Bacillus der Mauseseptikamie, Koch. Bacillus des Rotlaufs, Bacillus des Schweinerot- laufs, Loffler, Schiitz. Rotlauf bacillus, Ger. Bacillus of mouse septicemia. Bacillus of hog erysipelas. First obtained by Koch by injecting putrefying flesh beneath the skin of mice, afterward by Loffler and Schiitz from carcasses of swine dead of " Rotlauf." aer., faca- naer., nliqf, pg. Bacillus erysipelatos leporis, Koch. Syn., Bacillus bei Erysipel am Kaninchen, Bacillus bei Erysipel am Kaninchenohr, Ger. Bacille de r erysip^le du lapin, Fr. Bacillus of erysipelas in the rabbit. Found in the erysipelatous inflammation in a rabbit's ear caused by the injection of mouse's dung. Bacillus erythrosporus, Eidam, Cohn, and Miflet. Syn., Bacille ^rythrosopore, Fr. Found in putrefying albuminous fluids, water, etc. aer., nliqf, mot., chg. (greenish yellow, fluorescent), npg. Ba- cillus ethaceticus, Frankland. Cause of fermentation of arabinose. Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, E. Klein, Schiitz, Salmon, Cornil, Chantemesse, Selander. Syn., Microbe der Schweinspocken, Ger. ; Bacille de la pneumo-entSrite du pore, Fr. Bacillus of hog cholera. Found in the intestinal contents, blood, and viscera of swine dead of hog cholera, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf., mot., pg. Bacillus f, Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis, Vignal. Bacillus facultatus, Sadebeck and E. Frankel. Found in non-malignant pharyngeal mycosis. Bacillus figurans, Crookshank. See Ba- cillus mesentericus vulgatus. Bacillus figurans, Vaughan. Found in water, aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus filiformis, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix fili- formis. Found in cheese and milk. aer. , mot. , npg. Bacillus filiformis, Tils. Found in water, aer., liqf., oscl., npg. Bacillus filiformis havaniensis, Sternberg. From the liver of a yellow fever cadaver. anaer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , npg. Bacillus fit- zianus, Zopf. See Bacilltis subtilis, Cohn. Bacillus flavescens, Pohl. Found in swamp water, aer., nliqf., chg. (yellow). Bacillus foetidus, Liborius. Syn., Bacterium fcetidum. Clostridium foetidus, Libo- rius. Corpuscles brillants. Micrococci of S. Le. M. Moore. Obtained from soil. anaer., liqf, mot. Bacillus fcetidus lactis, Jensen. From milk, aer,, nliqf., npg. Bacillus fcetidus ozaenae, Hajek. Ob- tained from nasal secretions of patients with ozena. aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus flavoco- riaceus, Eisenberg. Syn. , Sulphur yellow bacillus (Adametz). Found in water, aer., nliqf,, nmot., chg. (sulphur yellow) ,• npg. Bacillus flavus, Mac6. Pound in drinking water, aer., liqf., chg. (golden yellow), nmot. Bacillus fluorescens aureus, Zim- mermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf. , mot. , chg. (ocher yellow) , npg. Bacillus fluo- rescens longus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf, mot., chg. (grayish yellow), npg. Bacillus fluorescens liquefaciens, Fliigge. Common in water and putrefying infusions. aer., liqf, mot., chg. (greenish yellow), npg. Cf. Bacillus viscosus, Frankland. Bacillus fluorescens liquefaciens minutissimus, Unna and Tommasoli. Found upon skin in cases of eczema seborrhceicum. aer., facanaer., liqf, mot,, chg,, (greenish yellow), npg. Possibly identical with the preceding species. Bacillus fluorescens nivalis, Schmolck. Syn. , Ba- cillus nivalis, Gletscher bacillus. Glacier bacillus. Found in snow and ice water from Norwegian glaciers, aer,, liqf, mot,, chg, (bluish green), npg. Bacillus fluorescens non-liquefaciens, Schiller. Abbreviations. — afn = aerobic. fl«a^r. = anaerobic. cA^/?-. ■= chromogenic. /hca«afn«= facultative anaerobic, //^y. = liquefac- tive. w/owom. = monomorphic. wo^. = motile. «/l^/. =■ non-liquefactive. «wo^ = non-motile. M^.g-. = non-pathogenic. o^/,"=obligate. £7j^/. ■= oscillating. >.g-. =» pathogenic. ^Aoj. «= phosphorescent, //^owi. =■ pleomorphic. ja>. == saprophytic. BACTERIA 163 BACTERIA hepaticus fortuitus, Sternberg. Obtained from the exudations of a guinea pig inoculated with liver from a yellow fever patient. aer.,nliqf.,mot.,npg. Bacillus hessii, Guillebeau. P'ound in cow's milk. aer.,liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus homi- nis capsulatus, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. Syn. , Proteus capsulatus septicus, Banti. Proteus kominis capsidatus, Bordoni-Uflfreduzzi. Bacillus der Hademkrankheit, Bacillus of rag-picker's disease. Obtained from persons dead from rag-picker's disease, aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Bacillus hyacinthi septicus, Heinz. Eound in diseased hyacinths, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Cf. Bacterium hyacinthi, Wakker. Bacillus hya- linus, Jordan. Found in hydrant water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., npg. Reduces nitrates rapidly. Bacillus hydrophilus fuscus, Sanerelli. Syn. , Bacille de la sepiicimie gangreneuse de la grenouille, Legrain. From the lymph of diseased frogs, aer., liqf. , mot., pg. Bacillus implexus, Zim- mermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz) . aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus incanus, Pohl. Found in swamp water, aer. , liqf. , mot. Not sufficiently studied. Bacillus indicus, Koch. Syn., Bacillm indicus ruber, Koch. Micrococcus indicus, Koch. Found in the intestinal contents of a monkey, aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , chg. (brick-red) , pg. (for rabbits) . Bacillus indigoferus, Classen. Found in river water (Spree). aer., nliqf, mot., chg. (deep indigo blue), npg. Bacillus indigogenus, Alvarez. Found in an in- fusion of the leaves of the indigo plant, [/ndigofera tinctoria, L.). aer., mot. chg. (indigo blue), pg. Bacillus inflatus, A. Koch. Obtained from the air. aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus intestinus motilis, Sternberg. From the intestinal contents of yellow fever cadavers, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus inunctus, Pohl. Found in swamp water, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus invisibilis,Vaughan. Found in water, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , m.ot. , npg. Bacillus iodococcus vaginatus, Miller. See lodococcus vaginatus. Bacillus iris, Frick. aer., nliqf. , nmot. [gteen); npg. Bacillus janthinus, Zopf. Syn., Bac- terium janthinus, Zopf Violet bacillus, found in sewage (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., liqf, mot., chg. (bluish violet), npg. Bacillus kaukasicus, Ger. See Bacillus caucasicus, Kern. Bacillus klebsii. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Bacillus lacti- cus, Pasteur. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Escherich and Abelous. Syn., Bacillus aerogenes, Bacillus capsulatus. Smith. Bacterium, lactis aerogenes, Escherich. Bacille a6ro- gSne, Fr. ; Bacillus des Milchkotes, Bacillus des Milchfaeces, Ger. Found in the stomach and in- testine of healthy adults, aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. Bacillus lactis albus, Loffler. Found in milk, aer., liqf., mot, npg. Bacillus lactis cy- anogenus. See Bacillus cyanogemts,}i\i.ep^e. Ba- cillus lactis erythrogenes, Hueppe and Baginsky. Syn., Bacillus of red milk. Found in milk and the feces of a child, aer. , liqf. , nmot. , chg. (yellow and red), «/^. Bacillus lactis pituitosi, Loffler. Syn., Bacillus lactis viscosus, Adametz, Loffler' che Bacil- lus der schleimigen Milch. Found in milk, aer., nliqf, npg. Bacillus lactis viscosus, Adametz. Found in ropy milk. aer. , nliqf. , nmot. , npg. Capsu- lated. Bacillus latericeuSjEisenberg. Syn.,Ziegelro- ter bacillus, Adametz. Found in water, aer. , nliqf, nmot., chg. (brick red), npg. Bacillus leioder- mos, L6ffler. Syn., Bacillus liodermos, Fliigge. Abbreviations.— a^K = aerobic. anaSr. — anaerobic. cAf . = chromogenic. /acaKa«>. = facultative anaerobic. liqf. = \\t\\xeiz.c- tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nligf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, nfig. — non-pathogenic. o4/. = obligate, wc/. —oscillating. ;>5-. —pathogenic. /Aoj. —phosphorescent, pleom. — pleomorphic. mj>. — saprophytic. Found in water, aer. , nliqf. , nmot. , chg. (greenish yellow), npg. According to Baumgarten identical with the Bacillus of Lesage. Bacillus fluorescens putidus, Fliigge. Found in water, cter., nliqf, mot., chg. (greenish), npg. Bacillus fluorescens tenuis, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf, nmot., dig. (greenish yel- low), npg. Bacillus foetidus, Passet. Syn., Bac- terium faetidum. Thin. Clostridium, faetidum, Libo- rius. Corpuscles brillants. Found in cases of fetid sweating feet, in thg exudations of mice inoculated with garden earth, and in cases of malignant edema, anaer. , liqf ., mot. , npg. Bacillus foetidus lactis, Jensen. Found in milk, aer., nliqf, npg. Resembles Bacillus neapolitanus , Emmerich. Bacil- luS' fulvus, Zimmermann: Found in hydrant water, (Chemnitz) . aer. , liqf. , nvtot. , chg. (gamboge yellow) , npg. Bacillus fuscus. Obtained from a putrefying infusion of maize, from the air, etc. Cf. Bacterium brunneum, Schroter. Bacillus fuscus limbatus, Scheibenzuber. Obtained from rotten eggs, ah-., facanaer. , nliqf. , m.ot. , chg. (brown) , npg. Bacillus galinarum, Klein. Found in blood of chickens dead of a disease resembling chicken cholera, aer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacillus gasoformans, Eisenberg. Found in water, aer,, facanaer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus gaytoni, Cheshire. The cause of a disease of honey-bees. Cf. Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Bacillus geniculatus, De Bary. Syn., Tyrothrix geniculatus, Duclaux, Bacterium en zig- zag, Fr. Found in the contents of the stomach, aer. , nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus gingivae, Miller. Ba- cillus gingivae pyogenes. Miller. See Bacterium gingivae pyogenes. Miller. Found in a filthy mouth, and in purulent dental pulp, aer., facanaer., liqf, pg. (for white mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits). Ba- cillus glaucus, Maschek. Found in water, aer., liqf, nmot. , chg. {gra.y), npg. Bacillus gliscroge- num. See Bacterium gliscrogenum, Malerba. Bacil- lus glycerinae, Buchner. See Bacillus subtilis, Cohn. Bacillus gracilis, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water, (Chemnitz), aer., facanaer., liqf., oscl., npg. Bacillus gracilis anserobiescens, Vaughan. Found in water, aer., facanaer., nlicif., mot., npg. Bacillus gracilis cadaveris, Sternberg. Obtained in human liver, aer., facanaer., nmot., nliqf., pg. Bacillus granulosus, Russel. Found in mud (Bay of Naples). aer., facanaer., liqf., nm-ot. Pathogenesis not deter- mined. Bacillus graveolens, Bordoni and Uffre- duzzi. Syn., Bacille de la sueur des pieds, Fr. Com- pare Bacillus saprogenes, II, Rosenbach, and Bacillus foetidus, Passet. Found on epidermis between the toes of man. cter., liqf, npg. Bacillus guttatus, Zim- mermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus halophilus, Russel. Obtained from water and mud (Bay of Naples), aer., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus hansenii, Raspmussen. Found in various nutrient liquids. aer., mot., chg. (chrome yellow to yellowish brown). Bacillus havaniensis, Sternberg. Syn. s Micrococcus havaniensis, (?) Sternberg. Bacil- lus havaniensis liquefaciens, Sternberg. Obtained from the surface of the body of patients in the hospital at Havana, aer., nliqf., chg. (blood-red). Bacillus helvolus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz) . aer. , liqf. , mot. (rotary only) , chg . (Naples yellow), npg. Bacillus heminecrobiophilus, Ar- loing. Found in a caseous lymphatic gland of a guinea pig. aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus BACTERIA 164 BACTERIA Glatthautbildender Kartoffelbacillus, Gummibacillus. Found in milk, aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus leporis lethalis, Gibier and Sternberg. From the intestinal contents of yellow fever patients, aer. , liqf. , 7not., pg. Bacillus leprae, Armauer and Hansen. Syn. , Aussatzbacillus, Bacillus der Lepra, Bacillus des Aussatzes, Ger. ; Bacille de la Idpre, Fr. ; Bacillo della lebbra, It. Found in leprous tubercles. Can- not be cultivated in ordinary media. Specific patho-. genesis settled by inoculation of a condemned criminal. Bacillus leptosporus, L. Klein. Obtained from the air. air., mot., npg. Bacillus lethalis, Babes. Syn. , Proteus lethalis. Proteus bei Lungengangrane des Menschen. Obtained from spleen and lung of patient dead of septicemia, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot.,pg. Bacillus limbatus acidi lactici, Marp- mann. Found in cow's milk, aer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus limosus, Russel. Obtained from mud (Bay of Naples) . aer. , liqf. , mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus lineola. See Bacterium line- ola, Cohn. Bacillus liodermos, Fliigge. See Ba- cillus leiodermos, Loffler. Bacillus liquefaciens, Eisenberg. Found in water, aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus liquefaciens bovis, Arloing. Syn. , Pneu- mobacillus liquefaciens bovis. From the lungs of a diseased ox. aer. , facana'er. , liqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacil- lus liquefaciens communis, Sternberg. Obtained from the feces of yellow fever patients, aer. , facanaer. , liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus liquefaciens magnus, Liideritz. Found in the exudates of mice inoculated with garden earth, anaer., liqf. , mot., npg. Bacil- lus liquefaciens parvus, Liideritz. Source same as last, anaer. , liqf. , nmot. , npg. Bacillus liquidus, Frankland. Found in river water (Thames) . Com- mon, aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus litoralis, Russel. Oljtained from mud (Bay of Naples), a'er., facanaer., liqf, mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus lividus, Plagge and Proskauer. Found in hydrant water (Berlin) . aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , chg. (brick red), npg. Bacillus lucens, Van Tieg- hem. Syn., .5«rfm«<« /«««j, Van Tieghem. Found on the surface of water, aer., nmot. Brilliant. Ba- cillus luteus, Fliigge. Syn., Bacterium luteum. List. Gelber Bacillus, Ger. Found in superficial layers of gelatin plate culture, aer., nmot., nliqf, chg. (yellow), npg. Bacillus luteus suis, Salmon and Smith. Found in the perivisceral fluids of swine. aer., liqf, mot., chg. (yellow red). Smells like gjue. Bacillus lyssae, Pasteur. Syn., Coccobacterium lyssce, Rivolta. Lissophyton suspectum, Hallier. Micrococci della rabbia, Ital. Bacille de la rage, Fr.; Hundswut- bacillus, Ger. Cf. Bacterium- septicum spuiigenum, Fraenkel. Found in saliva of hydrophobic patients and animals. Cf. Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Bacillus maidis, Cuboni. From macerated corn and the feces of pellagra patients, aer. , liqf. , mot., npg. Bacillus malandriae, Israel. See Bacillus mallei, Loffler. Bacillus malarise, Klebs and Tommasi-Cru- deli. Syn., Bacille de la malaria, Bacille du sang, Fr. ; Bacillus der Malaria, Bacillus des Blutes, Blut- bacillus, Ger. ; Bacillo della malaria. It. Bacillus of the blood. Obtained from the soil and air of the Campagnia, from swamps, from the blood of malarial patients, etc. Pathogenesis disputed. Bacillus mallei, Loffler. Syn. , Bacillus malandrics, Israel ; Rotzbacillus, Bacillus des Rotzes, Ger.; Bacille de la morve, Fr. Found in the nasal discharges, nodules, etc. , of animals with glanders, aer. , facanaer. , nmot. (strictly parasitic), pg. (proven by inoculation). Bacillus martinez, Sternberg. Obtained from the liver of a yellow fever cadaver, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus maydis. See Bacillus maidis, Cuboni. Syn., Bacterium maydis, Cuboni; Batterio della pellagra, It. Bacillus megaterium, De Bary. Found on the leaves of boiled cabbage. aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus melanosporus, Eidam. Obtained from the air. aer. , facanaer., chg. (black), npg. Bacillus melittopthorus. See Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Bacillus melo- chloros, Winkler and Schrotter. Syn., Bacillus butyri fluorescens, Lafar. Obtained from the dejec- tions of the larva in a wormy apple, aer. , liqf , mot. , chg. (emerald green), pg. (for rabbits). Bacillus membranaceus amethystinus, Eisenberg. Found in well water (Spalato). aer., liqf, nmot., chg. (dark violet), npg. Bacillus meningitidis puru- lentse, Naumann and Schaffer. Obtained from pus taken from beneath the pia mater in a person dead of purulent meningitis, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus merismopoedioides, Zopf. Syn., Arthro- bacterium or Bacterium merismopoedioides, De Bary. Obtained from sewage mud ; the type of the so-called "tablet cocci." Bacillus mesentericus fuscus, Fliigge. Syn. , Kartoffelbacillus, Ger. ; Bacille brun de la pomme de terre, Fr. Potato bacillus. Obtained from the air, hay dust, water, etc. Common. aer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus mesentericus ruber, Globig. Syn. , Kartoffelbacillus ; Roter Kar- toffelbacillus, Ger. ; Bacille rouge de la pomme de terre, Bacille rouge de Globig, Fr. Potato bacillus. Found upon potatoes, aer. , liqf. , mot. , chg. (reddish yellow or pink), npg. Bacillus mesentericus vul- gatus, Fliigge. Syn., Bacillus figurans. Crook- shank. Proteus vulgaris. Bacille commun de la pomme de terre, Bacille des pomme de terre, Fr. ; Kartoffelbacillus, Ger. Potato bacillus. Common. Found in potatoes, water, milk, intestinal contents of man, etc. a'ir., liqf, npg. Bacillus miniaceus, Zimmermann. See Bacillus ruber, Frank and Cohn. Bacillus minimus, Klebs. See Bacillus erysipe- latos suis, Koch, etc. Bacillus miriabilis, Hau- ser. Syn. , Proteus mirabilis. Bacille de Hauser, Fr. Obtained from decaying animal matter, aer., facan- aer. , liqf. ,mot., pg. Bacillus moUusci, Domenico. Syn., Bacillo del mollusco contagioso, Dominico, Ital. Found in moUuscum contagiosum , resembles somewhat Bacillus leprcE and Bacillus malarice. Pa- thogenesis disputed, the disease being attributed by some to psorosperms. Bacillus multipediculosus, Fliigge. Syn., Bacillus multipediculus. Found in air and water, aer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacillus murisepticus, Fliigge. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch. Bacillus murisepticus pleomorphus, Kar- linski. Found in purulent uterine discharges, aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., pg. Probably identical with Proteus vulgaris, Hauser. Bacillus muscoides, Liborius. Found in soil, old cheese, cow dung, etc. anaer. , nliqf , mot. , npg. Bacillus mycoides, Fliigge. Syn. , Erdbacillus, Ger. ; Bacille mycoide, Fr. Common in soil and water, aer. , nliqf , mot. , npg. Bacillus mycoides roseus, SchoU. Found in the soil, aer., liqf, chg. (red), npg. Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich. Syn., Bacillus coli com- munis. Bacterium coli commune, Escherich, Bacterium neapolitanum. Colon bacillus of Escherich, Emmer- ich's Bacillus, Emmerich's Neaplerbacillus ; Bacille neapolitaine, Fr. ; Bacillus des Milchkotes, Bacillus des Milchfaeces, Ger. ; Bacillus of Booker, a to ». Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, ana^y, = anaerobic. cA^. = chromogenic. /aca«aff?'.= facultative anaerobic, ft^y". = liquefac- tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. «= non-motile, npff. = noii-pathogenic. 0*/. -" obligate, ojc/. — oscillating. >£-. — pathogenic. >Aoj. — phospliorescent. >/fo»i. — pleomorphic. io>. — sapropnytic. BACTERIA 165 BACTERIA Found in the air, in putrefying infusions and con- stantly in the alvine discharges of healthy and un- healthy human beings, also in those of many animals. From the blood, various organs and feces of cholera patients at Naples, hence the name. aer. , facanaer. , niiqf.,pg. Bacillus necrophorus, LofHer. Obtained from rabbits after inoculation in the anterior chamber of the eye with portions of condyloma, aer., facanaer., nliqf., pleom. , pg. Bacillus nivalis, Schmolck. See Bacillus fluorescens nivalis, Schmolck. Bacillus nodosus parvus, Lustgarten. From the healthy urethra of man. aer. , facanaer. ', nliqf. , nmot. , npg. Bacillus nubilus, Frankland. P'rom hydrant water (London), air., facanaer., liqf, npg. Bacillus ochraceus, Zimmermann. P'rom hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer., liqf, mot., chg. (ocher-yellow) , npg. Bacillus cedematis aerobicus. A new bacil- lus of malignant edema, Klein. Found in the exu- dates of guinea pigs after inoculating with garden earth, aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch. Syn. , Bacillus cedematis, Koch; Bacillus septicus, Pasteur; Vibrion sep- tique, Vibrion pyogenique, Pasteur; Bacille de I'oedfime, Bacille de I'cedfime malin, Bacille de la gangrene emphysemat^use progressive, Bacille de la gangrene gazeuse, Fr. ; Microben der gasigen Gan- grane, Ger. Bacillus of gangrene. Bacillus of gangre- nous septicemia. Pink bacillus of spreading edema, A. B. Harris. A widely scattered species, obtained from surface soil, dust, putrefying matter, foul water, etc., and from the exudates produced by inoculating animals with garden earth, anaer. , liqf. , mot., pg. Bacillus of Acne Contagiosa of Horses. See Bacillus of horse pox. Bacillus of Afanassiew. See Bacillus tussis convulsive, Afanassiew. Bacillus of Albumin- ous Decomposition. See Bacillus putrificus coli, Bienstock. Bacillus of Allantiasis, Miiller, Hoppe- Seyler. See also Sarcina botulina. Van den Corput. Cf. Bacillus of choleraic diarrhea from meat poison- ing, Klein. Pound in poisonous sausages, particularly in ' ' Blunzen. ' ' aer. , liqf. , pg. Bacillus of Alopecia areata, Kasauli. Found attached to the hairs from the diseased patches ; easily cultivated. See Mi- crococcus of Alopecia areata, Robinson, and Bac- terium decalvans. Thin. Bacillus of Babes and Oprescu. Obtained from a case presenting symp- toms of typhus fever, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus of Belfanti and Pascarola. Syn., Impftetanusbacillus, Ger. From the pus of wounds in a person dead of tetanus, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot.,pg. Bacillus of Beri-beri, Eykmann. See Bacillus beribericus, Lacerda. Bacillus of Blue Milk. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacillus of Blue or Green Pus. See Bacillus pyocyaneus, Gessard. Bacillus of Booker, a to n. Found in alvine discharges of children suffering from cholera infantum ; probably varieties of Bacillus neapolitanus , Emmerich. Bacillus of Bovet. Obtained from the intestines of a woman dead of acute choleraic enteritis. aer. , nliqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus of Braxy . See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Bacillus of Bronchitis, Lumnitzer. Syn., Bacillus of Lum- nitzer. From the bronchial secretions in cases of putrid bronchitis. aer., mot. Cf. Micrococcus of bronchitis, Picchini. Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacillus of Carcinoma, Rappin and Scheurlen and Domingo-Freire. Syn., Bacille du cancer, Fr. See Bacillus of Scheurlen. Bacillus of Canestrini. Found in larvae and bees suffering from a malady com- mon among bees in certain parts of Italy, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (pink), pg. Bacillus of Canon and Pie- licke. See Bacillus of measles. Bacillus of Cattle Plague, Metschnikoff. See Bacillus septiccemics hmm.or- rhagicce, Sternberg. Bacillus of Cazal and Vaillard. Obtained from cheesy nodules upon the peritoneum and in the pancreas, aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus of Chancroid, Ducrey. Found in pustules developed upon the arm from the inoculation of chancroidal virus ; does not grow in artificial cultures. Cf. Micrococcus ulceris mollis. Bacillus of Cheese. See Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke. Bacillus of Chicken Cholera. See Bacillus septicismicE hcemorrhagicce , Sternberg. Bacillus of Cholera. See Spirillum cholera asiaticce, Koch. Bacillus of Choleraic Diarrhea from Meat Poisoning, Klein. Found in the blood and feces of persons poisoned with tainted meat. Cf. Bacillus of allantiasis, Muller and Hoppe-Seyler. Bacillus of Cholera in Ducks, Cornil and Toupet. Obtained from the blood of ducks that had died of an epidemic disease char- acterized by choleraic symptoms, aer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. (for ducks, but not for chickens or pigeons). Bacillus of Chyluria, Wilson. Syn. , Bacillus der Chyluria, Ger. ; Bacille de la chylurie, Fr. ; P'ound in the coagulum of chylous urine, air. , facanaer. , mot. Bacillus of Colomiatti. Obtained from cases of conjunctivitis and xerotic masses in the eye. aer., nliqf., nmot, npg. Cf. Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunctivae, Leber. Bacillus of Conjunctival Catarrh, Koch. Syn., Bacille du catarrhe conjonc- tival, Fr. ; Bacillus des Bindehautcatarrhs, Ger. ; Bacillus of conjunctivitis. Bacillus of pink eye, Weeks. aer. , nliqf, pg. 'Resembles Bacillus xerosis. Bacillus of Dantec. Syn., Bacille du rouge de morue, Fr. Obtained from salted codfish to which it gives a red color, aer., liqf, mot., chg. (red), npg. Bacillus of Davaine's septicemia. See Bacillus septiccBmice hcemorrhagicce, Sternberg.^ Bacillus of Demme. Obtained from the contents of tumors and pustules and from the blood of patients suffering from erythema nodosum, aer., facanaer., (?) nliqf, pg. (to guinea pigs ; rabbits, dogs and goats refractory). Bacillus of Diphtheria in Calves. See Bacillus diphtheria •vitulorum, Loffler. Bacillus of Diphtheria in Doves, ^ee Bacillus diphtherics columbarum, Loffler. Bacillus of Diphtheria in Man. See Bacillus diphtheria, Klebs and Loffler. Bacillus of Doder- lein. See Bacillus vaginalis, Doderlein. Bacillus of Endocarditis. See Bacillus pyogenes fatidus, Frankel and Saenger. Bacillus of Egyptian Ca- tarrhal Conjunctivitis. See Bacillus of Kartulis. Bacillus of Erysipelas in the Rabbit, Koch. See Bacillus erysipelatos leporis, Koch. Bacillus of False Hog Cholera. See Bacillus parvus ovattis, Loffler. Bacillus of False Tuberculosis in Rabbits. See Bacillus of pseudo-tuberculosis in rabbits, Malassez and Vignal. Bacillus of Fiocca. Found in the saliva of cats and dogs. aer., facanaer., nliqf, nmot., pg. (for rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice). Bacillus of Foot Sweat. Syn. , Fussschweissbacillus, Ger. ; Bacille de la sueur des pieds, Fr. See Bacillus fcetidus. Bacillus saprogenes No. II, and Bacterium graveolens. Bacillus of Foul Brood of Bees. See Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Bacillus of Fowl Cholera. %ee Bacillus septiccemiie hemorrhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus of Friedlander. See Bacillus pneumonia friedldnderi. Bacillus of FuUes, III. Abbreviations.— aer. = aerobic, aiiaf?-. — anaerobic. cA^f . — chromogenic. /aconafr. = facultative anaerobic. AjA — liquefac- tive. monom. — monomorphic. mot. — motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. — non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic. oW. — obligate, oic/. — oscillating. ^^. = pathogenic. ;iAoj. = phosphorescent. />/w»«. — pleomorphic, m^ — saprophytic. BACTERIA 166 BACTERIA Found in the soil. aer.,nliqf.,mot,,npg. Bacillus of Gangrene. See Bacillus oedematis maligni, Koch. Bacillus saprogenes. III, Rosenbach, and Bacillus of senile gangrene. Bacillus of Gangrenous Sep- ticemia. Syn. , Bacille de la gangrene gazeuse. See Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch. Bacillus of Gessner. See Bacterium tholoideum, Gessner. Bacil- lus of Glanders. See Bacillus mallei, 'Lo(&ex. Bacillus of Green Diarrhea in Children, Lesage. See Bacillus of Lesage. Bacillus of Green Pus. See Bacillus pyocyaneus , Gessard. Bacillus of Grouse Disease, Klein. Obtained from the lungs and liver of grouse that had died of an epidemic disease, a'er., nliqf., nmoi., pg. (for mice, guinea pigs, linnets, green finches, sparrows; chickens, pigeons and rabbits immune). Bacillus of Hay Infusions. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Bacillus of Heminecrobiophilus, Arloing. Obtained from the callous lymphatic glands of a guinea pig. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , pleom . , pg. Bacillus of Hog Cholera, . Salmon and Smith. See Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, Klein. Bacil- lus of Hog Erysipelas. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch, etc. Bacillus of Horse Pox, Diecker- hoff and Grawitz. Syn., Bacillus of acne contagiosa of horses. Bacillus der Akne contagiosa des Pferdes, Ger. Obtained from the pustules of horses suffering from acne contagiosa, a'er., nliqf. , pg. Bacillus of Hydrophobia. See Bacillus lysste, Pasteur. Bacillus of Icterus, Karlinsky and Ducamp. Found in the blood during an attack of infectious icterus. Did not thrive on ordinary culture media. Bacillus of Influ- enza, Pfeiffer, Kitasato and Canon. Syn. , Bacille de Pfeiffer, Bacille de I'influenza, Influenza bacillus. Found in the purulent bronchial secretions and in the blood of persons suffering from epidemic influenza, aer., nmot., pg. Cf. Micrococcus infiuenzcs, Letzerich. Bacillus of Intestinal Diphtheria in Rabbits, Rib- bert. Syn., Bacille de la diphtheric intestinale chez les lapins, Fr. Obtained from the viscera of rabbits dead of a disease characterized by a diphtheritic in- flammation of the intestinal mucous membrane, aer. , nliqf., nmot. (?) pg. Bacillus of Jeffries. A group (A, G, J, K, P, S, Z,) of bacilli, resembling Bacillus neapolitattus, Emmerich, and Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Escherich. Found in the alvine discharges of children suffering from summer diarrhea, anaer., npg. Bacillus of Jequirity Ophthalmia, DeWecker and Sattler. Syn., Bacille du jequirity, Fr. ; Jequiri- typilz, Ger. Found in cases of jequirity ophthalmia and in infusions of jequirity seeds [Abrus precatorius) , the supposed source of Abrin. aer., liqf, mot., npg. The disease is now held to be caused by a soluble poison, jequiritin. Bacillus of Karlinski. See Bacillus jnurisepticus pleomorphus, Karlinski. Bacil- lus of Kartulis, Koch and Kartulis. Obtained from the conjunctiva in cases of Egyptian catarrhal conjunc- tivitis, aer. Pathogenesis not well determined. Ba- cillus of Koubasoff. Obtained from carcinomatous growth in the human stomach, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , pg. (for guinea pigs and rabbits) . Cf. Bacillus of Scheuerlen. Bacillus of Lactic Acid Fermenta- tion. See Bacillus acidi lactici. Hueppe. Bacillus of Laser. Obtained from mice infected with an epidemic disease, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot., pg. (for field mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and pigeons). Bacillus of Leprosy. See Bacillus leprcE, Hansen. Bacillus of Lesage. Syn., Bacille de la diarrhea verte infantile, Fr. Bacillus of green diarrhea in children. Obtained in the green alvine discharges of infants suffering from green diarrhea, aer., nliqf, mot., pg. According to Baumgarten identical with Bacillus fluorescens non-liquefaciens, Schiller. Ba- cillus of Letzerich. Obtained from the urine of children suffering from nephritis interstitialis primaria. aer., liqf, pg. Bacillus of Liborius. See Bacillus amylobacter, Prazmowski. Bacillus of Lichen Ru- ber, Laser. Syn., Bacillus bei Lichen ruber, Ger. Found in the lymph passages in cases of lichen ruber. Bacillus of Lucet. Syn., Bacille de la dysenterie epizootique des poules et des dindes, P"r. Obtained from chickens and turkeys suffering from an infectious form of septicemia characterized by dysenteric dis- charges, a'er., facanaer., nliqf ., nmot., pg. Bacillus of Lumnitzer. See Bacillus of Bronchitis. Bacillus of Lupus. See Bacillus Tuberculosis, Yi.oc\i. Bacil- lus of Lustgarten. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lust- garten. Bacillus of Lymph in Fishes, Oliver and Richet. Observed in the lymph of certain fishes, aer. , mot., npg. Bacillus of Malaria. See Bacillus malaria, Klebs and Tommasi-Crudeli. Bacillus of Malignant Edema. See Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch. Bacillus of Measles, Canon and Pielicke. Syn., Bacillus of Canon and Pielicke. Found in the blood and in the secretions of the nose and conjunctiva of persons with measles. Cf. Micrococcus of measles, Klebs and Keating. Bacillus of Mouse Septicemia. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Pasteur. Bacillus of Necrosis of the Liver in Badgers, Eberth. Found in the necrotic liver of a badger. Bacillus of Necrosis of the Liver in Guinea Pigs, Eberth. Found in the necrotic liver of a guinea pig. Bacillus of Nephritis, Letzerich. See Bacillus of Letzerich. Bacillus of Nocard. Syn., Bacille du farcin du boeuf, Fr.; Bacillus der Wurmkrankheit, Ger. Pound in the superficial abscesses of cattle suffering from farcy, aer., nmot., pg. Bacillus of Okada. Ob- tained from the dust between the boards of a floor. aer. , facana'er. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacillus of Osteomyelitis, Kraske and Becker. Found in cases of osteomyelitis, aer., liqf. (or in some forms nliqf."), mot., pleom., pg. Held by Pasteur as iden- tical with the micrococcus of furuncle, q. v. Bacillus of Phthisis. See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Ba- cillus of Pink Eye, Weeks. See Bacillus of con- junctival catarrh, Koch. Bacillus of Potato Rot, Kramer. Syn. , Nassfaulebacillus. Obtained from potatoes affected with wet rot. • a'er. , liqf , mot. , npg. Putrefies the albuminous substances of potatoes. Ba- cillus of Pseudo-tuberculosis in Rabbits, Eberth, Malassez, and Vignal. Syn. , Bacille de la tubercu- lose zoogliique, Bacille de la pseudo-tuberculose du lapin, Fr. ; Bacillus der Pseudo-tuberculose der Kaninchen, Ger. Found in the nodular deposits characteristic of this disease. Bacillus of Puerperal Fever. See Bacillus puerperalis, Engel and Spill- mann. Bacillus of Purpura Haemorrhagica of Babes. Obtained from the viscera of a patient dead of purpura haemorrhagica. a'er., facana'er., liqf., nmot.,pg. Resembles the next two fonns. Bacillus of Purpura Haemorrhagica of Kolb. Obtained from the viscera of patients dead of purpura, a'er. , facana'er., nliqf, nmot., pg. Bacillus of Purpura Haemorrhagica of Tizzoni and Giovannini. Ob- tained from the blood of two children dead of purpura hsemorrhagica. a'er. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacillus of Pyemia, Beltzow. Syn., Bacille de la pySmie, Fr.; Bacillus der Pyamie, Ger. Two forms found in pyemia, one of which resembles Bacillus cedematis Abbreviations. — a^r. = aerobic, awaen « anaerobic. cA,^. =» chromogenic. /acaMai'>'. = facultative anaerobic. /I'y/". ■" liquefac- tive, monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactlve. nmot. = non-motile, npg. ■=» non-pathogenic. oW. = obligate, oic/. — oscillating. ;>^. — pathogenic. >Aoi.— 'phosphorescent. ^fco»i. — pleomorphic, io^ — saprophytic. BACTERIA 167 BACTERIA maligni, Koch. Bacillus of Rabbit Septicemia. See Bacillus septici^mice kamorrhagicce, Sternberg. Bacillus of Rabies. See Bacilltis lyssa, Pasteur. Bacillus of Rag Pickers' Disease. See Bacillus hominis capsulatis, Bordoni-Uflfreduzzi. Bacillus of Red Bread. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus of Red Milk. See Bacillus lactis erythro- genes, Hueppe; and Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus of Rheumatism. See Bacillus rheumar- thritidis, Kussmaul. Bacillus of Rhinoscleroma. See Bacillus rhinoscleromatis, Comil and Alvarez. Bacillus of Roth, I, II. Obtained from old rags. aer. ,facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Resembles Bacillus neapolitanus, Emmerich ; and Bacillus cavicidus. Burger. Bacillus of Rouget. See Bacillus erysipe^ latos suis, Koch, etc. Bacillus of Scarlet Fever, Crooke. Syn., Bacille de la scarlatine, Fr. Found in the nasal mucus and tissues of the throat in a case of anginose scarlet fever, mot. Resembles Bacilltis cedematis maligni, Koch, and the Proteus of Hauser. According to Doehle the parasite of this disease is a protozoon. Cf. Micrococcus Scarlatince. Bacillus of Scheurleh, Scheuerlen, Rapin, and Domingo-Freire. Syn., Bacillus epidermidis, Bordoni- Uffreduzzi. From cancerous tissues and from mam- mary epithelia of healthy persons. According to Mac4 possibly identical with a variety of Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, Flugge. aer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus of Schimmelbusch. Obtained from the necrotic tissues of a case of cancrum oris or noma. aer. , nliqf. , pg. Bacillus of Schou. See Bacillus pneumonicus agilis, Schou. Bacillus of Senile Gangrene, Tricomi. Syn., Bacille de la gangrene stoile, Fr. Bacillus of gangrene, Bacillus of Tricomi. Found in the blood, in the tissues along the line of demarcation, in the subcutaneous tissue and the lymph spaces of the skin, and in the ichorous discharge. aer. , liqf. , nm^t. , pg. Cf. Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch, and Bacillus saprogenes. III, Rosenbach. Ba- cillus of Septicemia in Man, Klein. Syn., Bacille de la septicemic, Fr. Bacillus of Southern Cattle Plague, F. S. Billings. Syn., Bacillus of Texas fever in cattle. Bacillus der amerikanischen Rinder- seuche, Canerva. Found in the blood, viscera, and manure of cattle infected with cattle plague or Texas fever; also in the ticks {Boophilus bovis, Curtice) infecting .the cattle, and in their discharges. The spread of the disease is largely due to the manure of the cattle and also indirectly to the ticks, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , pleom. , pg. Smith and Kilborn now attribute this disease to the psorosperm Pyrosoma bigeminum. Bacillus of Spontaneous Rabbit Septicemia, Eberth. See Bacillus of swine plague, Marseilles. Bacillus of Symptomatic Anthrax. See Bacillus chauvmi, Bollinger and Feser. Bacillus of Swine Pest, Selander. See Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, Klein. Bacillus of Swine Plague, Marseilles, Reitsch, and Jobert. Syn., Bacillus suis, Detmers. Bacillus der Schweineseuche, Marseilles ; Bacillus der Frettchenseuche (ferret disease), Eberth and Schim- melbusch; Bacille de la pest porcine, Pr. ; Bacillus of spontaneous rabbit septicemia; Bacillus of swine plague, Detmers and Billings ; Swine plague, Schizo- phyte, Detmers. First obtained from swine attacked by a fatal epidemic disease in Marseilles, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , pg. Canerva and others identify this with the Bacillus of ferret disease and with that of American swine plague ; also with the Bacillus of Southern cattle plague, Billings ; but this latter seems to be a distinct species. See Bacillus tardigradus. Bacillus of S3rphilis. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Ba- cillus of Tetanus. See Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Bacillus of Texas Cattle Fever, F. S. BiUings. See Bacillus of Southern cattle plague. Bacillus of the Blood. Syn., Bacille du sang, Fr.; Blutbacillus, Bacillus des Blutes, Hoffmann, Ger. Bacillus of the Lungs of Cattle, Lustig. Found in the lungs of healthy and diseased cattle. a.er. , liqf. Bacillus of the Meconium, Escherich Found in the meco- nium. Bacillus of the Pneumo-enteritis of the Pig. See Bacillus ex pnetimo-enteritide suis, Klein. Bacillus of the Smegma. Syn. , Bacille du smegma preputial, Fr. ; Smegmabacillus, Ger. Found in the smegma of the male and female genitals. Bacillus of Tommasoli. See Bacillus sycosiferus fcetidus, Tommasoli. Bacillus of Tricomi. See Bacillus of senile gangrene. Bacillus of Tuberculosis of Vines. Syn., Bacille de la tuberculosis des vignes, Corvo, Fr. Regarded by Corvo as the cause of the diseased condition of vines usually attributed to Phyl- loxera vastatrix, Planchon. Bacillus of Ulcerative Stomatitis of Cattle, Lingard and Batt. Found on the skin, the mucous membranes, and in the lungs of young cattle. Cf. Streptocytus of eczema epizootica, Schottelius. Bacillus of Ulcus Molle, Krofting. Identical with that described by Ducrey as the Bacil- lus of Chancroid. Bacillus of Utpadel, Utpadel and Gessner. Obtained from the stuffing of the bed quilts in a military hospital (Augsburg), and from the intestinal contents of man.' aer., nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus of Vagus Pneumonia. See Bacillus pneumonicus agilis, Schou. Bacillus of Verruga Peruana, Izqui- erdo. Found in the- intercellular spaces and blood- vessels in the nodules characteristic of Peruvian wart. Bacillus of Vignal. See Bacillus buccalis minutus, Vignal. Bacillus of Whooping Cough. See Bacillus tussis convulsivcB, Afanassiew. Bacillus of Xerosis Epithelialis Conjunctivae, Leber, Kusch- bert, Frankel, and Neisser. Syn., Bacillus xerosis, Frankel ; Bacillus of Colomiatti, Bacillus of xerosis, Schreiber; Xerosebacillus, Bacillus der Xerosis epi- thelialis conjunctivae, Ger. ; Bacille du xerosis con- jonctivae, Fr. Found in the white, fatty scales of the conjunctivae in cases of Xeropthalmia. nmot. Does not grow on gelatin or potato. Pathogenesis not fully determined. Bacillus oxytocus perniciosus, Wysso- kowitsch. Found in milk left standing a long time. aer., nliqf., pg. Bacillus ovatus minutissimus, Unna. Found upon the skin in cases of eczema seborrhceicum. aer., facanaer., nliqf. , npg. Bacillus of Yellow Fever. Bacille de la fiSvre jaune, Fr. ; Bacillus des gelben Fiebers, Ger. Found in the mucous membrane of the small intestine in two cases of yellow fever. Sternberg has found many forms in the intes- tinal contents and viscera of yellow fever cadavers, the most frequent and abundant being the Bacillus neapolitanus , Emmerich; Bacillus cadaverus. Stem- berg; and Bacillus X, Sternberg. This latter is held by Sternberg as being possibly concerned in the etiology of yellow fever. Cf. Microbe de la fiSvre jaune, Freire et Rebougeon. Bacillus of Yellow Milk. See Bacillus synxantkus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Bacillus panificans, Laurent. Claimed as the active agent in the raising of bread. Found especially in black bread. Dunnenberger considers it a mere impurity and not concerned in the leavening processes. Bacillus parvus ovatus, Loffler. Syn. , Pseudorotlaufbacillus, Ger. Bacillus of false hog Abbreviations.— aiV. — aerobic. a«o^>-. = anaerobic. ^.— pathogenic. /Aoj. — phosphorescent. >/Mm. — pleomorphic, rap. — saprophytic. BACTERIA 168 BACTERIA cholera. Found in the carcass of a pig dead of a dis- ease resembling rouget. It resembles Bacillus septicce- mia hiBinorrhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus pasteuri- anus, Hansen. Syn. , Bacterium pasteurianuni, Ar- throbactefium pasteurianum. Micrococcus pasteurianus. Found in beer-wort and beer, especially that poor in alcohol. Resembles Bacilhis aceti, Kiitzing and Sora- mer. Bacillus pestifer, Frankland. Found in the air. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Bacillus phospho- rescens, Fischer. Syn., Bacillus phosphorescens indi- cus, Fischer; Photobacterium indicum, Fischer; In- discher Leuchtbacillus, Ger. Found in sea water (Gulf of Mexico), aer., liqf., mot., phos., npg. Bacillus phosphorescens gelidus, Forster. See Bacillus phosphoreus, Cohn. Bacillus phosphorescens indi- cus, Fischer. See Bacillus phosphorescens, Fischer. Bacillus phosphorescens indigenus, Fischer. Syn., Einheimischer Leuchtbacillus, Ger. Found in sea water (Harbor of Kiel) and upon herring, air. , liqf., mot., phos., npg. Bacillus phosphoreus, Cohn. "iyn., Aficrococcus phosphoreus, Cohn', Bacte- rium phosphorescens , Hermes; Bacillus phosphorescens gelidus, Forster. Found on sea fish, raw and cooked (cooked salmon, Cohn). aer., nliqf, phos., npg. Bacillus plicatus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer, liqf, nmot., chg. (grayish yellow), npg. Bacillus pneumoniae, Fliigge. See Bacillus -pneumonia friedlanderi.' Bacillus pneu- moniae friedlanderi. Syn., Bacillus pneumonicE, Fliigge ; Diplococcus pneumonics fibrinoscE, Friedlan- der ; Micrococcus pneumonicE infectioscE, Friedlander ; Bacille de pneumonic, Fr. ; Bacillus of Friedlander ; Microbe of Friedlander. Occasionally obtained from the exudates in the pulmonary alveoli in cases of croupous pneumonia, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf , nmot. , pg. Bacillus pneumonicus agilis, Schou. Syn., Bacillus of Schou ; Bacillus of Vagus pneumonia ; Bacille pneumonique, Fr. Obtained from rabbits suffering from pneumonia induced by section of the vagi, aer., liqf, mot. , pg. Bacillus pneumosep- ticus. Babes. Obtained from the blood and tissues of a person dead of septic pneumonia, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacillus polymyxa, Prazmowski. Syn. , Claustridium polymyxa, Prazmowski. Found in infusion of potatoes, lupin seeds, etc. aer. , facanaer. , npg. Bacillus polypiformis, Liborius. Found in cow dung and in the exudates of mice inoculated with garden earth, anaer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus preussii, Ciesielski. See Bacillus alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Syn. , Bacteridium prodigiosum, SchrGter ; Bacterium prodigiosum, Micrococcus prodigiosus, Cohn ; Micro- coccus imetrophus , Trevisan ; Monas prodigiosa, Ehren- berg ; Palmella prodigiosa, Mont ; Zoogalaciina ime- iropa, Sette; Bacille du lait rouge, Bacille du pain rouge, Fr. ; Bacillus der roten Milch, Bacillus des roten Brotes, Hostienblut, Wunderblut, Blutpilz, Ger. Frequently found upon food-stuffs, boiled potatoes, hard- boiled eggs, moist bread, etc. aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , chg. (red) , npg. Acts as a protective to rabbits against anthrax. Bacillus pseudcedema, Liborius. Syn., Bacillus pseudosepticus, Mac6 ; Pseudo-oedem- bacillus, Ger. Obtained from the exudates of mice, after inoculation with garden earth, anaer., liqf., pg. Resembles Bacillus oidematis maligni, Koch. Bacillus pseudopneumonicus, Passet. Syn. , Bac- terium pseudo-pneumonicum. Found in pus. aer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Resembles Micrococcus pneumonice crouposte, Frinkel. Bacillus pseudosepticus, Mac6. See Bacillus pseudcedema, Liborius. Bacillus pseu- dosepticus of Mice, Bienstock. Syn., Bacillus of pseudosepticemia of mice. Found in feces, aer., nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Found after inoculation, mostly in the edematous fluid and not in the blood. Bacillus pseudo-tuberculosis, Pfeiffer. Obtained from the viscera of a horse killed on suspicion of having glan- ders, aer. , nliqf. , nmot. , pg. Bacillus puerper- alis, Engel and Spillmann. Syn., Leptothrix puer- peralis, Fettz ; Bacillus des Puerperal-Fiebers, Ger. ; Bacille puerp^rale, Fr. ; Leptothrix of puerperal fever ; Bacillus of puerperal fever. Found in two cases of puerperal sepsis, /j'. (for mice and rabbits). Considered by Pasteur to be identical with Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus pulpae pyogenes, Miller. Obtained from gangrenous tooth-pulp, aer., facanaer., liqf, pg. Bacillus punctatus, Zimmermann. Found in hy- drant water (Chemnitz), aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus putriiicus coli, Bienstock. Syn. , Bienstock's putre- factive bacillus from the feces ; Bienstock's putrefactive bacillus ; Bacillus of albuminous decomposition ; Drum- stick bacillus ; Trommelschlagelbacillus ; Bienstock's Bacillus aus Faeces ; Bacillus der Eiweisszersetzung, Ger. ; Bacille de la decomposition de I'albumine, Fr. Found in human feces, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus pyocyaneus ffl, Gessard. Syn., Bacil- lus aeruginosus. Bacterium aeruginosum, Schroter; Micrococcus pyocyaneus, Gessard. Bacillus of blue or green pus. Bacille, Bacterie ou Microbe du pus bleu, Bacille du pus vert, Bacille pyocyanique, Fr. ; Bacillus des griinblauen Eiters. A widely distri- buted form, found in purulent and serous wounds, in perspiration, and in the viscera of human cadavers. aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , chg. , pg. Two pigments, one fluorescent green, the other blue, pyocyanin. Bacillus pyocyaneus /?, Ernst. Found in pus from bandages stained green, aer., liqf, mot., chg. (yel- lowish green), npg. Bacillus pyogenes fcetidus, Passet. Syn. , bacille pyogfine f^tide, Fr. Obtained from an ischio-rectal abscess, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus pyogenes soli, Bolton. Obtained from the exudates of a rat after inoculation with garden earth. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , npg. Bacillus radi- atus, Liideritz. Obtained from the exudates of mice and guinea-pigs after inoculation with garden earth. anaer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus radiatus aquatilis, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz). aer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus ramosus, Eisenberg. Syn., Wurzelbacillus. Common in soil and water. aer., liqf, npg. Bacillus ramosus liquefaclens. Obtained from the air. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Ba- cillus reticularis, Jordan. Found in hydrant water (Lawrence, Mass.). air., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus rheumarthritidis, Kussmaul. Syn., Bacillus rheu- marthritis, Micrococctis rheumarlhritis, Leyden. Bacillus of rheumatism. Bacille du rhumatisme, Fr. Gelenkrheumatismus Mikro-organismen , Mikrokok- ken bei Gelenkrheumatismus, Ger. Found in the effusions in the joints in articular rheumatism. Bacil- lus rhinoscleromatis, Cornil and Alvarez, Von Frisch, Paltauf, Von Eiselsberg, Dittrich, Stepanow, etc. Syn., Bacille du rhinosclferome, Fr. Found in the newly formed tubercles of rhinoscleroma. aer., facanaer., nliqf, usually nmot. (becomes motile on cultivation),/^. Etioldgic relations not established. Considered by many as identical with Bacillus pneii- monice friedlanderi. It is less virulent, gelatin cul- tures more transparent and the capsules more persist- ent. Bacillus rosaceum metalloides, Dowdeswell. Abbreviations.— a«>'. — aerobic. OKair. — anaerobic. cAp;. — chromoKenic. /acanajV. — facultative anaerobic liaf.- factive. JMOKOOT. — monomorphic. »io<. = motile. "/iVj^. — non-liqueractlve. m«oi;. — non-motile, w^.?-. — non-pathoKehic. " iique- oA/. — obligate. o.srf. — oscillating, /if. — pathogenic. /Aoi. — phosphorescent. ;>feo»«. — pleomorphic. 'ja>. —saprophytic! BACTERIA 169 BACTERIA See Bacillus ruber, Frank and Cohn. Bacillus rubefaciens, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (pale pink),«^^. Bacillus rubellus, Okada. Found in the exudates of guinea-pigs after inoculation with street dust. anaer., liqf., mot., chg. (red), nfg. Bacillus ruber, Frank, Cohn, and Becker. Syn., Bacillus miniaceus, Zimmermann. Bacillus (or Bacterium) rosaceum metalloides, Dowdeswell. The red bacillus of water. Found in water and on boiled rice, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (magenta red) , npg. Bacillus ruber indicus. See Bacillus indicus, Koch. Bacillus rubes- cens, Jordan. Found in sewage (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (pale pink), npg. Bacillus rubidus, Eisenberg. Found in water, aer., liqf, mot. , chg. (brownish red) , npg. (Lustig describes a red bacillus from river water which he claims to be different from this). Bacillus salivarius septicus, Biondi. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Flugge. Bacillus sanguinis typhi, Brannan and Cheesman. Obtained from the blood of typhus-fever patients. aer.,facanaer., nmot. Bacillus saprogenes, I, II, III, Rosenbach. Syn., Bacille saprog^ne, Bacille de la sueur des pied, Fr. Faulnisbacillus, Ger. Found in putrefying matter on fetid feet, the white plugs of the pharyngeal follicles, etc. aer.,facanaer., pg. Bacillus scaber, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix scaber. Found in cheese, aer. , nliqf. , mot. (in early stages becoming non-motile), npg. Bacillus schafferi, Freudenreich. Obtained from cheese and fermenting potato infusion, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Closely resembles Bacillus neapolitanus , Emmerich. Bacillus scissus, Frankland. Found in the soil. air., nliqf.,. nmot., npg. Bacillus septicsemise hsetnoTThagicse, Sternberg. Bacillus cholerce galli- narum, Flugge. Bacillus cuniculicida, FlUgge. Bacillus cuniculicidus, Koch. Bacterium sepiiccemice , Koch. Bacterium morbilli, Lanzi. Coccobacteria septica, Billroth. Micrococcus septicus, Cohn. Micro- coccus choleriE gallinarum. Micrococcus gallicidus, Microsporon septicus, Klebs. Bacillus der Huhner- cholera, Bacillus der Kaninchenseptikamie (Koch). Bacterium der Septikamie bei Kaninchen, Bacillus der Rinderseuche, Kitt. Bacillus der Schweineseuche, LofBer and Schiitz. Bacillus der Wildseuche, Hueppe. Bacillus der Buffelseuche, Oreste-Armanni. Rinder- pestbacillus, Ger. Bacille de la septic^mie du lapin. Bacille du cholera des poules. Microbe du cholera des poules, Pasteur, Fr. Bacillus septicus, Koch. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch. Bacillus sep- ticus, Pasteur. See Bacillus adematis maligni, Koch. Cf. Proteus septicus. Bacillus septicus acuminatus. Babes. Obtained from the umbilical stump, blood and viscera of a five days old child, dead of septic infection. aer. (no growth on gelatin),/^, (for rabbits and guinea- pigs, not for mice). Bacillus septicus agrigenus, Nicolaier. Obtained from manured garden soil. aer. , nliqf. (?) Resembles Bacillus septicemics hemor- rhagica, Sternberg. Bacillus septicus aus Speichel. See Bacillus septicus sputi, I, II, Kreibohm. Bacil- lus septicus keratomalacise, Babes. Obtained from the corneal tissues and viscera of a child that died of septicemia following keratomalacia. aer., facanaer., nliqf, pg. (for rabbits and mice, slightly for birds, not for guinea-pigs). Bacillus septicus sputi, I, II, Kreibohm. Syn., Bacillus septicus aus Speichel, Ger. Obtained from human buccal secre- tions. Does not grow in any known culture-medium. Resembles Bacillus septiccemics hemorrhagica, Stern- berg. Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Flugge. Syn. , Bacillus salivarius septicus, Biondi. Bacterium septicum sputigenum, Frankel. Micrococcus pneumo- nia crouposce, F'rankel. Micrococcus fasteuri, Stern- berg. Diplococcus pneumonia , Weichselbaum. Strep- tococcus lanceolatus pnsteuri, Gamaleia. Microbe of Pasteur. Micrococcus of Salvioli. Micrococcus of sputum septicemia, Frankel. FrSnkel' scher Diplococ- cus. FrS-nkel'scher Pneumobacillus. Frankel'scher Pneumonie-Diplococcus. Lancet-shaped micrococcus, Talamon. Lanceolatecoccus, Talamon. Found both in healthy and in pneumonic sputum, in the fibrinous exudates of croupous pneumonia, and in the pus of meningitis, aer. , facanaer., nmot. , nliqf. , pg. Held to be the cause of croupous pneumonia in man, and by some to be identical with Bacillus lyssae, Pasteur. Bacillus septicus ulceris gangraenosi. Babes. Found in the blood and viscera of a boy dead of sep- ticemia following gangrene of the skin, aer., liqf, mot.,pg. Bacillus septicus vesicae, Clado. Found in the urine of a patient with cystitis, aer. , facanaer., nliqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus sessilis, L. Klein. Found in the blood of a cow supposed to have died of anthrax. ci'er., m^ot. (convulsive jerking), npg. Bacillus sim- ilis, Bienstock. See Bacillus subtilis simtilans, I, II, Bienstock. Bacillus smaragdinus fcetidus, Reimann. Found in the nasal secretions in a case of ozena, aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , pg. Bacillus smarag- dino phosphorescens, Katz. Obtained from a herring in fish market (Sidney, N. S. W.). aer., nliqf. , nmot. , phos. (emerald green) , npg. Resembles Photobacterium phosphorescens, Cohn, and Photobac- terium pfliigeri, Ludwig. Bacillus solidus, Liide- ritz. Found in the exudates of mice inoculated with garden earth, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus spin- iferus, Unna. Found upon the skin in cases of eczema seborrhoeicum. aer. , nliqf. , chg. (grayish yellow) , «;*§■. Bacillus sputigenus crassus. See Bacillus crassus sputigenus, Kriebohm. Bacillus stolonatus, Adametz. Found in water, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Bacillus stoloniferus, Pohl. Found in swamp water, asr. , liqf. , mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus striatus albus, Von Besser. Found in the nasal secretions of healthy persons, aer. , nliqf. , npg. Bacillus striatus fiavus. Von Besser. Occasionally found in nasal mucus. . aer., nliqf, chg. (sulphur yellow), npg. Bacillus subflavus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant water (Chemnitz). aer. , nliqf. , mot. , chg. (pale yellow) , npg. Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg, Cohn, Brefeld, Prazmowski, and Fitz. Syn. Bacillus glycerina, Fitz ; Bacillus fitzianus, Zopf; Bacterium subtile, Zopf; Metallacter subtile, Fertz ; Vibrio subtilis, Ehrenberg ; Bacille du foin, Fr. ; Bacillo del fieno, Ital.; Heubacillus; Fitz'scher Aethyl- bacillus, Ger. DeBary confines B. subtilis to the fonu described by Brefeld and Prazmowski. The relation of the starch fermentation species of Fitz remains doubt- ful. An abundant form obtained from the air, water, soil, and on plants, aer., liqf, oscl., npg. Bacillus subtiliformis, Bienstock. See Bacillus subtilis simu- lans, I, II, Bienstock. Bacillus subtilis simulans, I, II, Bienstock. Syn., Bacillus similis, Bienstock. Heubacillusahnlicher Bacillus, Ger. Bacille de Bien- stock, I, II, Fr. Found in human feces, aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Bacillus suis, Detmers. Ses Bacillus tar- digradus. Bacillus sulf-hydrogenus,Miquel. Found in water, aer. , mot. Decomposes albumin with evolu- tion of HjS. Bacillus sulfureum, Holschewnikof5f and Rosenheim. Two forms found in urine and in mud. Abbreviations.-ae>.- aerobic. aKaf>-. = anaerobic. cA^.-chrompgenic. /acaKo^r.-facultative anaerobic, fty/.-liquefac- tive. ^o«om: = monomorphic. mo/. - motile. «««-/.- non-liquefactive. n«^. - non-motile. «>,-• = non-pathogen c. oW.=obligate. o:rc;.- oscillating. >«•. = pathogenic. >Ao.r. - phosphorescent. >/<■<;«. -pleomorphic. .,a>. = sapropTiytic. BACTERIA 170 BACTERIA (l) air. , facanaei: ,nliqf., (2) liqf., mot.,chg. (reddish brown), npg. Syn., Proteus suifureus, Lindenborn. Found in water. Bacillus superficialis, Jordan. Common in sewage (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., li(]f-, mot., npg. Bacillus sycosiferus fcetidus, Tomma- soli. Syn. , Bacillus sycosiferus. Bacillus of Tomma- soli. Found on the hairs of the head of a patient affected with sycosis, aer., nligf., nmot., pg. Ba- cillus syncyanum. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Syn., Bacillus xanthogenus, Fuchs and Ehrenberg. Bacterium xanthinum, Schroter. Vibrio synxanthus, Ehrenberg. Vibrio xanthogenus, Fuchs. Bacillus of yellow milk. Bacille du lait jaune, Fr. Found in milk that has been boiled, aer., mot., chg., (golden yellow), npg. Precipitates the casein, renders the milk alkaline. Bacillus syphi- lidis, Lustgarten. Syn., Bacillus syphilis, Lustgar- ten. Bacille de la syphilis, Bacille de Lustgarten, Fr. ; Syphilis bacillus, Luesbacillus, Ger. ; Bacillo del sifilide, Ital. ; Bacillus of Lustgarten. Found in syphilitic new growths and secretions ; does not de- velop in ordinary culture media. In staining, reaction seems to be identical with that of the Bacillus of the Smegma. Doehle describes parasitic infusoria as the causative agents of syphilis. Cf. Helicomonas, Klebs, and Syphilis of bacillus of Eve and Lingard. Bacillus tardigradus. Syn. , Bacillus suis, Detmers. Micro- coccus suis, Burrill. Found in dew, water, and in the fluids of pigs affected with swine plague, aer., mot., npg. Cf. Bacillus of Swine plague, Marseilles, Rietsch and Jobert. Bacillus tenuis, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix tenuis, Duclaux. Found in decomposing albuminoid matter, cheese, etc. aer., facanaer., (?) m^ot., npg. Used in ripening certain French cheeses. Bacillus tenuis sputigenus, Pansini. Obtained from sputum, cur., nligf., nmot., pg. Bacillus termo, Dujardin and Ehrenberg. 'Siee Bacterium termo, Cohn. Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Syn., Bacillus tetani traumatici, Rosenbach ; Bacille du t^tanos, Bacille de la t^tanie, Fr. ; Tetanusbacillus, Bacillus des Wundstarrkrampfes, Ger. ; Bacillus of tetanus. Found in garden earth and in the wounds of persons dead of tetanus. anaer., liqf, Tnot., pg. Specific etio- logic relations determined by Carle and Rattome. Bacillus tetani traumatici, Rosenbach. See next preceding. Bacillus thalassophilus, Russel. Ob- tained from mud (Bay of Naples), anaer., liqf, mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Bacillus thermoph- ilus, Miquel. Found in the intestinal tract of man and animals, in sewage and in the soil. aer. , nmot. , npg. Bacillus tremelloides, Schottelius. Found in hydrant water (Freiburg), aer., liqf, chg. (golden yellow), npg. Bacillus tremulus, Koch. Syn., Metallacter tremulus, Trevisan. Found as a sur- face pellicle on decomposing plant infusions. Re- sembles Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Syn. , Bacterium tuberculosis, Zopf; Bacterium tuberculosum. Bacillus tuberculi. Bacillus tuberculosus, Bacille de la tuberculeux. Bacille de la tuberculose ; Bacille de Koch, Fr. ; Tuberkelbacillus, Bacillus der Tuberculose, Ger. ; Bacillo tubercolare, Bacillo della tuberculose, Ital. ; Bacillo de la tuberculosi, Sp. Found in the sputum, in tuberculous organs, and elsewhere in per- sons and animals affected with tuberculosis. Parasitic. aer., facanaer., nmot., pg. Bacillus tuberculosis gallinarum, Maffucci. Obtained from cases of spontaneous tuberculosis in fowls. This seems to be a distinct species, characterized by its staining re- actions, etc., its growth in pure cultures, and its pathogenic qualities, Koch, Bacillus tumescens, Zopf. Syn., Bacterium tumescens, Zopf. Found upon beets, aer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus tur- gidus, Duclaux. Syn., Ty rot/irix turgidus, Dadanx. Found in cheese, aer. Produces alkaline reaction (carbonate and butyrate of ammonia) in milk. Bacillus tussis convulsivae, Afanassiew. Syn., Bacillus of Afanassiew, Bacille de la coqueluche, Fr. , Keuchhustenpib, Ger., Burger. Found in the sputum of persons affected with pertussis, aer, , nliqf , mot. ,pg. Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth, Gaffky, Klebs, Eppinger, Brautlecht. Syn. , Bacillus typhosus, Bac- terium typhositm, Bacille typhique, Bacille de la fievre typhoide, Microbe de la fievre typhoide, Fr.; Typhusbacillus, Ger. ; Bacillo tifoso, Ital. Found in water and in milk, and in the feces and organs in ty- phoid fever. aer.,nliqf., facanaer. Bacillus typhi murium, LofBer. Obtained from mice affected with an epidemic disease. aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot. Bacillus typhosus. See Bacillus typhi abdomi- nalis, Eberth, etc. Bacillus ubiquitus, Jordan. Found in air, water, sewage (Lawrence, Mass.). a'ir. , facanaer. , nliqf. , nmot. , npg. Resembles Bacil- lus candicans, Frankland. Bacillus ulna, Cohn, and Prazmowski. Syn., Vibrio b, Ehrenberg. Bacterium ulna, Miller. Vibrio bacillus, Miiller, Ehrenberg. Found in egg albumin, aer., mot., npg. Bacillus ulna of Vignal. Found in saliva of healthy persons; perhaps identical with the pre- ceding form, aer,, liqf, npg. Bacillus urese, Miquel. Found in the air. a'ir., facanaer., nliqf, ' npg. Perhaps identical with the preceding form. Bacillus urese, Leube. P'ound in old urine, three varieties. aer., nliqf, npg. Converts urea into ammonium carbonate. Bacillus urocephalus, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix urocephalus, Duclaux. One of the commonest forms associated with putre- faction of animal matter. aer., facanaer., npg. Bacillus vasculosis, Sternberg. Obtained from the intestine and stomach of yellow-fever cadavers. aer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus vaginalis, Doder- lein. Syn. , Doderlein'scher Scheidenbacillus, Doder- leins Bacillus, Scheidenbacillus, Ger. Constantly found in the normal vaginal secretions of adults, aer., facanaer. , nmot. (no growth in gelatin) , npg. Bacil- lus varicosus conjunctivae, Gombert. Found in the healthy conjunctival sac of man. aer., facanaer., nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus venenosus, Vaughan. Found in water, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus venenosus brevis, Vaughan. Found in water, aer., facanaer,, nliqf, mot., pg. Bacil- lus venenosus invisibilis, Vaughan. Found in water, aer., facanaer. , nliqf, mot., pg. Bacillus venenosus liquefaciens, Vaughan. Found in water. aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , mot. , pg. Bacillus ventriculi, Raczynssky. Obtained from the stomach of meat- fed dogs. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Bacillus vermicularis, Frankland. Found in river water. aer., liqf, oscl., npg. Bacillus vermiculosus, Zim- mermann. Found in water, aer., liqf, oscl., npg. Bacillus violaceus, Becker. Found in river water. aer.,fcicanaer., liqf, mot., chg. (dark violet). Bacil- lus violaceus laurentius, Jordan. Found in hy- drant water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., facanaer., liqf, mot., npg. Bacillus virens, Van Tieghem. Syn., Sporonema gracile. Found in stagnant water. aer., mot., chg. (green,heldby some to be chlorophyll. Abbreviations.— oer.-= aerobic, awa^n — anaerobic. cA,?. = chromogenic. /acaKdirr. = facultative anaerobic, ft?/. = liquefac- tive. monom. — monomorphic. mot. — motile, nliqf. — non-liquefactive. nmot. =■ non-motile, npg. — non-pathogenic. oW. — obligate, ojc/. — oscillating. ^^. — pathogenic. >Aoj. — phosphorescent. /feo>K. = pleomorphic. mA = saprophytic. BACTERIA 171 BACTERIA but not sufliciently studied), npg. Bacillus virescens, Frick. Found in green sputum, air., nliqf.,niot., chg. (green), nfg. Bacillus virgula, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix virgula, Duclaux. Found in albuminous solutions, aer., ninot., npg. Bacillus virgula. See Spirillum cholerce asiatias, Koch. Bacillus viridis flavus, Frick. Syn., Bacillus viridis pal- lescens, Frick. aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (yellowish green), npg. Resembles Bacillus virescens, Frick. Bacillus viridis, Van Tieghem. Syn. Bacterium viride. Van Tieghem, Arthrobacterium viride, De Bary. Found in water collected in the hollow of a polyporous fungus, aer., chg. (green). Not thor- oughly investigated. Bacillus viridis pal- lescens, P'rick. See Bacillus viridis flavus, Frick. Bacillus viscosus, Frankland. Found in river Water, aer. liqf. mot. chg. (fluorescent green). Per- haps identical with Bacillus fluorescens, Flugge. Bacillus viscosus, I, II, Van Laer. Found in ropy milk, aer., nliqf., npg. Bacillus viscosus cerevisiae. Van Laer. Found in viscous beer and in milk. aer., liqf., npg. Bacillus visco- sus sacchari, Kramer. Found in viscous sac- charine fluids. aer., liqf., npg. Bacillus von Denecke. See Spirillum tyrogenum., Denecke. Bacillus von Finkler- Prior. See Spirillum Finkler- Prior. Bacillus vulgaris, Hauser; Syn., Proteus vulgaris. Proteus sulfureus, Holschenikoff. Proteus of Hauser. Commonly associated with putre- faction, aer., facanaer., liqf. , mot. ,pg. This species is probably one of those formerly included under Bac- terium termo. Bacillus X, Sternberg. Found in yel- low-fever cadavers. Sternberg thinks it possible that this form is concerned in the etiology of yellow fever. pg. (for rabbits). Bacillus xanthogenus, Fuchs and Ehrenberg. See Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg. Bacillus xerosis, Frankel. Syn., Xerose bacillus. See Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunctivae, Leber. Bacillus zenkeri, Hauser. Syn., Proteus zenkeri. Bacille de Hauser, Fr. Found in putrefying animal matter, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , mot., pg. Bacillus zopfii. Syn.," Bacterium zopfii, Kurth. Arthro- bacterium zopfii, De Bary. Knauelbildender Bacillus, Ger. Found in the intestinal tract of fowls, aer., nliqf, mot., n'pg. Bacillus zurnianum, List. Found in water, aer., nliqf, nmot., npg. Bacilo virgula, Bacilo virgulado, Sp. See Spirillum cholera asiaticce, Koch. Bacteria of pus. Syn., Eitermicroben,Ger. Bacteria of putrefaction. Syn., Bacteries de la putrefaction, Fr.; Faulnisbacterien, Ger. Bacteria of sea water. Syn . , Bacteries de 1' eau demer,Fr.; BacteriendesMeerwasserSjGer. Bacteria of the air. Syn., Bacteries de Pair, Fr. ; Luftbacte- rien, Ger. ; micrococci of the air. Bacteria of the mouth. Syn., Bacteries de la bouche, Fr. Bacterien der Mundhohle. Bacteria of the soil. Syn., Bac- teries de la terre, Fr. ; Erdebacterien, Ger. Bacteria of urine. Syn., Bacteries de Purine, Fr. ; Bacterien des Hams, Ger. Bacteria of water. Bacteries de I'eau, Fr. ; Wasserbacterien, Ger. Bacteridie char- bonneuse. See Bacillus anthracis, PoUender and Davaine. Bacteridie du charbon. See Bacillus anthracis, PoUender and Davaine. Bacteridie du charbon symptomatique. See Bacillus chauvtei, Arloing, Cornevin, Thomas. Bacteridium prodigi- osum, Schroter. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehren- berg. Bact6rie chainette. See Bacterium catenulii, Dujardin. Bacterie chromogene. Chromogenic bacteria. Bacterie commune, Miquel. See Bacil- lus termo, Dujardin. Bacteries de la bouche. Bac- teria of the mouth. Bacteries de la diphtheric, Emmerich. See Bacillzis diphtheria, Klebs. Bac- terie de la fermentation butyrique. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacterie de la fermenta- tion lactique. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Bacterie de la fermentation propionique. See Bacillus cavicidus, Brieger. Bacteries de I'^au. Microbes of water. Bacteries de la putrefaction. Microbes of putrefaction. Bacterium der Brust- seuche des Pferdes. See Streptococcus coryzce contagiosa equorum, Schutz. Bacterium der Butter- sauregahrung. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacterium der Diphtheric, Emmerich. See Bacillus diphtheria, Klebs. Bacterium der Milchsaure- gahrung. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Bacterie du pus bleu. See Bacillus pyocyaneus a, Gessard. Bacterie point. Bacterium lineola, Cohn. Bacterium des Sauerteigs. Ste Bacterium farina- ceum, Wigand. Bacterie du vinaigre. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing. Bacterie lumineuse de la mer du Nord. See Photobacterium luminosum, Beyerinck. Bacteries de la terre. Microbes of the soil. Bac- terien der Mundhohle. Microbes of the mouth. Bacterien des Meerwassers. Microbes of sea water. Bacterium aceti, Lanzi. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitz- ing. Bacterium aerogenes. Miller. See Bacillus aerogenes, II, Miller. Bacterium aeruginosum, Schroter. See Bacillus pyocyaneus a, Gess&xdi. Bac- terium allii. See Bacillus allii, Griffiths. Bacterium anthracis, Zopf. See Bacillus anthracis, PoUender and Davaine. Bacterium articulatum, Ehrenberg. See Bacterium lineola, Cohn. Bacterium auranti- acum, Trelease; a chromogenic form. Bacterium bacillus, Pasteur. See Bacillus termo, Davaine. Bacterium aus Diphtherie bei Menschen. See Bacillus diphtheria, Klebs. Bacterium aus der Diphtherie bei Tauben. See Bacillus diphtheria columbarum, Loffler. Bacterium brunneum, Schroter. Found in a putrid infusion of Indian com, chg. (brown). Perhaps identical with Bacillus fusctts, Zimmermann. Bacterium butyri colloi- deum, Lafar. Found in every sample of natural butter examined. Cf. Bacillus butyri fluorescens, Lafar. Bacterium candidum, Trelease. A chro- mogenous form, identical with Bacillus mesentericus fusctts, Flugge. Bacterium capitatum, Davaine. Found in an infusion of albuminous matter, aer., mot. Bacterium carbuncolare, PoUender, Brauell, Dela- fond, and Davaine. See Bacillus anthracis, PoUender and Davaine. Bacterium carlsbergense, Hansen. Found in the air. Cf Bacterium kochii, Hansen. Bacterium catenula, Dujardin. Syn., Bacterium chainette. Bacterie chainette, Fr. Observed especially in putrid wine or putrefying blood, generally in albu- minous liquids in contact with air. Coze and Feltz found it in typhoid fever in man and rabbits. It resem- bles Bacillus acidi lactici, Davaine, Hueppe. Bac- terium caucasicum. See Bacillits caucasicus, Kern. Bacterium chainette. See Bacterium catenula, Dujar- din. Bacterium chlorinum, Engelmann. Found in water, aer., chg. (green). Engelmann holds this to be chlorophyll, as a small amount of oxygen is given off, indicating the assimilation of carbon. Bacterium coli commune, Escherich. See Bacillus neapolitanus. Bacterium commune, Pasteur. See Bacterium termo, Dujardin. Bacterium cuneatum, Rivolta. See Bacillus cuneatus. Bacterium cyanogenum, Fuchs. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacterium Abbreviations.-a^»-. = aerobic, anwir. = anaerobic, chg. - chromogenic. facana€r. = facultative anaerobic. {'?/• - '■q"e'^=- tive. »»o«o«. - monomorphic. mo<. - motile. „Z:y/. = non-lique'fact.ve. «"«'/•- "°"-f"°'^'«-"^-r--/°"-P=;*^^^ oW.-obligate. ojcA = oscillating. >^-. = pathogenic. jUAm. -phosphorescent. >feom. = pleomorphic. m/J. - saprophytic. BACTERIA 172 BACTERIA tj^ic Acid Fermentation. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacterium of Diphtheria, Emmerich. Syn., Bacttrie de la diphth^rie, Fr. Bacterium der Diphtherie, Ger. Found in cases of diphtheria in man and doves. Bacterium of Fire Blight. See Ba- cillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacterium of Infec- tious Pneumonia in the Horse. See Streptococcus coryza contagiosce equoruni, Schiitz. Bacterium of Kefir. See Bacillus caucasicus, Kem. Bacterium of Pear Blight. Cf. Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski, and Micrococcus amylovorus, Burrill. Bacterium of Sheep Pox. Syn., Microbe de la clavelee. Found in cases of sheep pox, or " Schafblattern. " Bacte- rium of variola, Cose and Feltz. Syn., Bact^rie de la petite variole, Fr. Bacterium der Variola (oder der Blattern). Found in the vesicles of smallpox; patho- genic for rabbits. Bacterium olese, Arcangeh. Said to cause the so-called tuberculosis (" Maladie de la loupe;" "Rogner") of olives. Bacterium ova- tum, Lebert. See Nosema bombycis, Nageli. Bac- terium pasteurianum, or Bacterium pastorianum. See Bacillus pasteurianus, Hansen. Bacterium periplanetae, Tichomirow. Found in the common cockroach [Beriplanetce orientalis), and producing in it a specific disease. Bacterium pflQgeri, Ludwig. See Photobacterium pfliigeri, Ludwig. Bacterium phosphorescens, Hermes. See Bacillus phospho- reus, Cohn. Bacterium Phosphorescens, Cohn. See Photobacterium phosphorescens. Bacterium photometricum, Engelmann. Found in water; motion dependent on light ; possibly not a bacterium at all. Bacterium pneumoniae, Bacterium pneu- moniae crouposx, Friedlander. See Bacillus pneu- monics friedldnderi. Bacterium porri, Tommasi- Crudeh. Found in warts. Bacterium prodigio- sum. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bac- terium pseudopneumonicum. See Bacillus pseudo- pneumonicus, Flugge. Bacterium punctum, Rivolta. See Bacteriumlineola (Miiller), Cohn. Bacterium pu- tredinis, Davaine. Syn., Bact^rie de la pourriture. Found in rapidly-decaying plants. Cf. Bacterium gummis. Comes. Bacterium pyrtforme, Hansen. Found in the air. Bacterium radicicola, Praz- mowski. Syn., Bacillus radicicola,'8eyeunc\i; Rhizo- bium leguminosarum, Frank. Found in the soil, particularly in the roots of the Leguminosce, where they are held to stimulate the cells to unusual growth, affect nitrification, constitute the "bacteroids " of Woronin, and form the so-called " bacteroid tis- sue." Bacterium rosaceum metalloides, Dow- deswell. See Bacillus ruber, Frr.nk, Cohn. Bacte- rium rubescens, Lankester. See Beggiatoa roseo- persicina, Zopf. Bacterium septicsemise, Koch. See Bacillus septiccemics hcEmorrhagiccE , Sternberg. Bacterium septicum sputigenum. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Bacterium subtile, Buchner. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Bacte- rium sulfuratum ; Bacterium sulphuratum, Warming. See Beggiatoa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Bac- terium sulfureum, Rosenheim. Found in wine. nliqf. Evolves HjS. Bacterium syncyaneum, Ehrenberg, SchrSter. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacterium synxanthum, Schroter. See Bacillus synxanthus. Bacterium termo, Dujardin and Ehrenberg. Syn., Bacillus termo, Davaine. Bactlrie [Bacterium) commune, Pasteur. Bacterium bacillus, Pasteur. Cryptococcus natans, Kutzing. Cryptococcus nebulosus, Kutzing. Micrococcus crepus- culum, Cohn. Zooglaa termo (Miiller), Cohn. Monas Abbreviations. — af 7-. = aerobic. a«atf?-. ™ anaerobic. cA^?-. = chromogenic. ^flcawaffn^ facultative anaerobic, //yy*. -= liquefac- tive monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. vmot. ■= non-motile, npg. = non-patiiogenic. o^A = obligate. O.SC/. = oscillating. /^. =■ pathogenic. /Aoj. = phosphorescent. ;*/eow. = pleomorphic. ja>. "= saprophytic. decalvans, Thin. See Micrococcus area celsii, Buch- ner and Sehlen. Bacterie de la pourriture. See Bacterium putredinis. Bacterium denitrificans, o ^3, Gayon and Dupetit. See Bacillus denitrificans, Giltay and Aberson. Bacterium der Brustseuche des Pferdes. See Streptococcus coryzce contagiosce equorum, Schiitz. Bacterium der Essiggahrung. See .5a- cUlus aceti, Kiitzing. Bacterium der Milchsaure- gahrung. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Davaine and Hueppe. Bacterium der Septikamie bei Ka- ninchen. See Bacillus septiccemice hcemorrhagicce, Sternberg. Bacterium dysodes, Zopf See Bacil- lus dysodes, Zopf. Bacterium enchelys, Ehrenberg. Found in river water. Thought by Ehrenberg to be an infusorian. Bacterie en zigzag, Fr. See Bacil- lus geniculaius, De Bary. Bacterium farinace- um.Wigand. Syn. , Bacterium des Sauerteigs. Found in sour sponge or dough. Bacterium fitzianum, Zopf. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Bacterium foetidum. Thin. See Bacillus fcetidus, Passet. Bac- terium fusiforme. Warming. Found in sea water. Bacterium gingivae pyogenes. Miller. See Bacillus gingivcE pyogenes. Bacterium gliscrogenum, Malerba. See Bacillus gliscrogenus. Found in viscid acid urine, aer. , nliqf ., mot. , npg. Bacterium gris- eum, Warming. Syn., Micrococcus griseus. Winter, a doubtful form. Bacterium gummis, Commes. Syn. , Microbe de la mal nero, Ital. The cause of the gummous disease of the fig, almond, and orange trees, and the mal nero of vines. Cf. Bacterium putredinis, Davaine. Bacterium gummosum, Ritsert. Found to produce the viscosity of infusions of Digitalis, der. ,liqf. , pleom. Bacterium hessii, Guillebeau. One of the two forms found by Gillebeau to cause milk to become ropy. Thrives best in Pasteurized milk. aer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. Cf. Micrococcus freudenreichii. Bacterium hyacinthi, Wakker. Found in the bulbs and leaves of the hyacinth and causing the yellows of hyacinths. Cf. Bacterium hyacinthi septicus, Heinz. Bacterium janthinum, Zopf. See Bacillus, janthinus, Zopf. Bacterium kochii, Hansen. Found in the air of Carlsberg. Cf. Bacterium carlsbergense , Hansen. Bacterium lactis. Lister. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Bacterium lactis aerogenes, Escherich. See Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Abelous. Bacterium lineola, Miiller, Cohn. Syn. , Bacterium punctum, Rivolta. Bacterium tremulans, Trevisan. Bacterium triloculari, Ehrenberg. Bacterium articulatum, Ehren- berg. Vibrio lineola (Muller), Ehrenberg. Vibrio tremulans, Ehrenberg. Bacillus lineola, Bacterie point, Fr. Found in well and other water, in infusions, soil on vegetables, etc. aer., mot. (trembling and dartiijg back and forth) , pleom. , npg. Probably represents several species, or a developmental form of a spirillum. Bacterium litoreum. Warming. Pound only in sea water. aer., mot., npg. Bacterium lucens. Van Tieghem. See Bacillus lucens. Van T. Bacterium luteum, Trelease. See Bacillus luteus, Fliigge. Bac- terium maidis, Cuboni. See Bacillus maidis, Cuboni. Bacterium merismopcedioides, Zopf See Bacillus merismopcedioides, Zopf. Bacterium morbilli, Lanzi. Syn., Microbe di morbillo. Found in the urine of persons with measles. Cf. Bacillus septiccsmics hczmor- rhagicce, Sternberg. Bacterium navicula, Reinke and Berthold. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Bacterium neapolitanum. See Bacillus neapolitanus. Emmerich. Bacterium oblongum, Boutroux. Syn., Micrococcus oblongHs , V>o\AmvLy.. Found in beer; the agent of gluconic fermentation. Bacterium of Bu- BACTERIA 173 BACTERIA termo, Miiller. Palmella infusionum, Ehrenberg. Long considered the most characteristic microbe of filth and putrefaction ; but shown by Hauser to be a collective species. The name is now reserved for Vignal's species, while Bacillus termo may perhaps be reserved for the flagellate forms studied by Dallinger and Drysdale, or discarded entirely. Bacterium termo, Vignal. Found in the saliva of healthy per- sons, aer. , liqf. , mot. , chg. (yellowish gray) , npg. Bacterium tholoideum, Gessner. Syn., Bacillus of Gessner. Found in the intestinal contents of healthy persons. Resembles Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Escherich. pg. (for mice and guinea-pigs). Bacte- riuna tremulans, Trevisan. See Bacterium lineola, Cohn. Bacterium triloculare, Ehrenberg. See Bacterium lineola, Cohn. Bacterium tubercu- losis, Zopf. Bacterium tuberculosum, Koch. See Bacillus tuberculosis , Koch. Bacterium tumes- cens, Zopf. See Bacillus tumescens, Zopf. Bacte- rium typhosum. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth and Gaffky. Bacterium ulna. See Bacillus ulna, Cohn. Bacterium ulna, Cohn. See Micro- coccus urece. Bacterium urese, Jaksch. Found in ammoniacal urine, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. Not suffi- ciently investigated. Bacterium vermiforme. Ward. Found in fermented ginger beer. Bacterium viride, See Bacillus viridis, Van Tieghem. Bacterium violaceum, Bergonzini. Syn. , Chromobacterium violaceum, Bergonzini. Found in putrefying solutions of egg albumen, chg. (violet). Bacterium xanthi- num. See Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Bacterium xylinum, A. J. Brown. Found in solutions of carbohydrates, giving rise to acetic acid, and converting dextrose into gluconic acid, and mannitol into l,evulose. Bacterium zopfii, Kurth. See Bacillus zopjii. Bacteroides, Woronin. Micro- organisms forming tubercles in the roots of leguminous plants, and assisting in the fixing of nitrogen. Batte- ria chromogene, Ital. Chromogenic microbes. Batterio della pellagra, Ital. See Bacillus maidis, Cuboni. Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. Syn., Beggiatoa punctata, Trevisan. Beggiatoa leptomitiformis, Men- eghi. Oscillaria alba, Vaucher. Hygrocrocis vandelli, Meneghi. Next to Cladothrix the most common bac- terium of water, forming a superficial layer in the mud called barigine or glairine, q. v. Beggiatoa alba, var. marina, Cohn. Syn., Beggiatoa cerstedtii, Rabenhorst. See Beggiatoa marina, Cohn. Beggi- atoa arachnoidse, Agardh. Syn., Oscillaria arach- noidea, Agardh. Oscillaria versatilis, Kutz. Found in swamps and sulphur springs. Beggiatoa lepto- mitiformis, Meneghi and Trevisan. Syn., Oscillaria leptomitiformis, Meneghi. Found in sulphur springs. Beggiatoa marina, Cohn. Syn., Beggiatoa alba, var. marina, Cohn. Beggiatoa cerstedii, Rabenhorst. Found in a salt water aquarium, forming a whitish slimy layer on dead fish. Beggiatoa minima, Warming. Found in sea water ; gray. Beggiatoa mirabilis, Cohn. Found in a salt water aquarium ; snow white. Beggiatoa multisepta. See Prag- midiothrix multisepta, Engler. Held by Zopf to be identical with Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. Beggiatoa nivea, Rabenhorst. Syn. , Leptonema niveum, Sym- phiothrix nivea, Brugger. Found in sulphur springs. Beggiatoa nodosa, Van Tieghem. A doubtful form characterized by nodes in the filaments, which differ from other members of the genus in the absence of sulphur grains and of motion. Beggiatoa cersted- tii, Rabenhorst. ^zei Beggiatoa alba, var. marina, Cohn. Beggiatoa pellucida, Cohn. Found in a marine aquarium ; sulphur grains few. Beggiatoa punc- tata, Trevisan. See Beggiatoa alba, Cohn. Beggia- toa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Syn., Bacterium rubes- cens, Lankester. Bacterium sulfuratum or Bacterium sulphuratum. Warming. Clathrocystis roseo-persicina, Cohn. Cohnia roseo-persicina. Winter, Kiitzing. Microhaloa rosea, Kutz. Ophidionionas sanguinea, Ehrenberg. Fleurococctts roseo-persicina, Rabenhorst. Peach-colored bacterium. Morphologically identical with Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. Forms rose-colored to violet pellicles on putrid matter. Produces bacte- rio-purpurin. Beggiatoa tigrina, Rabenhorst. Syn. , Oscillaria tigrina, Rosmer. Found in swamps on submerged wood. Forms a thin white layer. Bie- nenfaulbrutbacillus. See Bacillus ahiei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Bienstock's Bacillus. Bienstock's Bacillus aus Faeces. Bienstock's Putrefactive Bacillus. Bienstock's Putrefactive Bacillus from the Feces. See Bacillus putreficus coli, Bienstock. Blutbacillus. Microbe of the blood. Blutpilz. See Bacillus prodigiosus , Ehrenberg. Bodenbacillus. Microbe of the soil. BoUingera equi, Saccardo. See Micrococcus bottyogenes, Rabe. Brauner Kar- toffelbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus mesentericus fuscus, Flugge. Brieger's Bacillus. See Bacillus cavicidus , Brieger. Brunnenfaden. See Crenothrix kiihniana Rabenhorst. Buff Bacillus of Spreading Edema, A. B. Harris, nliqf., aer., chg. (buff), pleom. Butterbacillus, Ger., Buttersaurebacillus, Butyl- bacillus, Ger. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Capsule Bacillus of Loeb, Obtained from a case of keratomalacia infantum, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Resembles Bacillus capsulatus, Pfeiffer. Capsule Bacillus of Ozena, Marano. Found in the nasal secretions in ten cases of ozena. Resembles Bacillus pneumoni(2 friedldnderii. Cf. Micrococcus Icewenbergii. Capsule Bacillus of Smith. See Bacillus capsulatus smithii. Champignon du tube digestif du lapin et autres herbivores, Remack. See Saccharovtyces guttulatus, 'R.ohm. Cheese Spiril- lum. See Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke. Chromo- bacterium violaceum, Bergonzini. See Bacterium violaceum, Bergonzini. Chromogene Bacterien, Ger. Syn., BactSries chromogfenes, Fr. Batteria chromogeni, It. Chromogenic bacteria. Chromo- genic Micrococci. Chromogenous Micrococci. Microcoque chromogtoe, Fr. Chromogenic micrococci. Chromogenous Bacteria. Bact^ries chromog^nes, Fr. Batteria cromogeni, Ital. Chromogenic bacteria. Cladothrix bovis. See Actinomyces bovis, Harz. Cladothrix canis. Held by Rabe to be very like Actinomyces bovis. Cladothrix dichotoma, Cohn and Zopf. See Leptothrix ochracea, Kutzing, Myconostoc gregarium, Cohn. Cladothrix fcersteri, Cohn. Syn. , Crenothrix fcersteri, Streptothrix fcersteri, Cohn. Leptrothrix der Thranenrohrchen, Graeie, Ger. Forms yellowish or grayish concretions in the human lachrymal ducts. Cladothrix intricata, Russel. Obtained from sea mud (bay of Naples), aer., liqf, mot. Clathrocystis roseo-persicina, Cohn. See Beggiatoa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Clostridium buty- ricum, Prazmowski. See Bacillus butyricus, Praz- mowski. Clostridium fcetidum, Liborius. See .5a- cillus fatidus , Passet. Clostridium of Symptomatic Anthrax (or Charbon), Neelsen and Ehlers. See Bacillus chauvcei, Bollinger and J'eser. Clostridium polymjrxa, Prazmowski. See Bacillus polymyxa, Prazmowski. Coccobacillus pyogenes urese, Ror- Abbreviations.— afr. — aerobic. o»ai>. — anaerobic. cAr. — chromogenic. /acaMde*-. = facultative anaerobic, /jy/. — liquefac live, monom. = monomorphic. mot. — motile, nliqf. — non-liquefactive. nmot. — non-motile, npg. — non-pathogenic. 0*/.= obligate, ojc/. — oscillating. Z^-. — pathogenic. /Aoj. = phosphorescent, //com. — pleomorphic. ja/>. — saprophytic BACTERIA 174 BACTERIA sing. See Diplococcus pyogenes ureis, Rorsing. Cocco- bacteria septica, Billroth. The single term under which Billroth includes all putrefactive bacteria. See Bacillus sefHcamice hcemorrhagica , Sternberg. Coc- cobacteria urese, Rorsing. See Diplococcus pyogenes ureiB, Rorsing. Coccobacteriutn lyssae, Rivolta. See Bacillus lyssce, Pasteur. Cohnia roseo-persi- cina, Winter and Kutzing. See Beggiatoa roseo- persicina, Zopf. Colon Bacillus of Escherich. See Bacillus neapolitanus. Comma Bacillus, Comma bacillus of Koch, Comma-shaped Bacillus, Waten. Bacillo en virgule, bacille virgule, Fr. Komma- bacillus, Ger. Bacillo virgola, bacillo virgolato, Ital. Bacillo vergula, bacillo virgulado, Sp. See Spirillum cholera asiaticce, Koch. Cornalian Corpuscles. See Microbe de la pebrine. Corpuscles brillants. See Bacillus fcetidus, Passet. Corpuscles du ver du sole. See Micrococcus ovatus. Coryza diplo- cocci. See Micrococcus cereus aureus^ Schroter and Winckler. Cremefarbiger Micrococcus, List, Ger. See Micrococcus citreus. List. Crenothrix foersteri, Cohn. See Cladothrix fcersteri. Crenothrix kiih- niana, Saccardo and Rabenhorst. Syn. , Creno- thrix polyspora, Cohn. Hypceothrix kiihniana, Leptothrix kiihniana, Brunnenfaden. Found in drinking water, to which they impart a disagreeable taste. Crenothrix polyspora, Cohn. See Crenothrix kiihniana, Saccardo and Rabenhorst. Cryptococcus alveareus. ^&& Bacillus alvei. Cheshire and Cheyne. Cryptococcus clava, Wedl . Found in the stomachs of ruminants. Cryptococcus cerevisiae, Robin. Cryptococcus fermentatum, Kutzing. See Sacchar- omyces cerevisiiz, Reess and Robin. Cryptococcus glutinis, Fersen. S&eSaccharomyces glutinis. Cryp- tococcus guttulatus, Robin. See Saccharomyces gut- tulatus. Cr3rptococcus natans, cryptococcus nebu- losus, Kutzing. See Bacterium termo, Dujardin and Davaine. Cryptococcus of Yellow Fever. See C. xanthogenicus , Freire. Cryptococcus xantho- genicus, Domingo-Freire. Considered by D. Freire to be the cause of yellow fever. Cf Bacillus of yellow fever. Darmbacillen. Bacilli of the intes- tine. Darmbacillen von Schottelius. See Bac- illus coprogenes fmtidus, Schottelius. Denecke's Cheese Bacillus. See Spirillum tyrogenum. Dengue Micrococci. See Scheutzia laughlini. Detionella ochracea, Saccardo. See Leptothrix ochracea, Kutzing. Diplococcus albicans amplus, Bumm; Grayish white micrococcus. Found in mucus iirom the healthy vagina, aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , npg. Diplococcus albicans tardus, Unna and Toramasoli. Found in eczema, aer., nliqf., nmot. Diplococcus albicans tardissimus. Morphologi- cally identical with the Gonococcus ; but more adher- ent, forming small masses, aer. , nliqf. , npg. Dip- lococcus citreus conglomeratus, Bumm. Obtained from the air, in dust, and from gonorrheal pus. aer. , facanaer., liqf. ,chg. (lemoTi-yeWow), npg, Diplococ- cus citreus liquefaciens, Unna and Tommasoli. Found on the skin in cases of eczema seborrhoeicum. aer. , liqf. , nmot. , chg. (lemon-yellow) , npg. Diplo- coccus coryzae, Klebs and Hajek. Obtained from the nasal secretions in cases of acute nasal catarrh. aer., nliqf, npg. Diplococcus der Pferdepneu- monie. See Diplococcus of pneumonia in horses, Schiltz. Diplococcus des Pemphigus acutus, Demme. See Diplococcus of pemphigus acutus, Demme. Diplococcus flavus liquefaciens tardus, Unna and Tommasoli. Found on the skin in cases of eczema seborrhoeicum. aer., facanaer., liqf, chg. (chrome-yellow), npg. Diplococcus fluorescens fcetidus, Klamann. Obtained from the posterior nares. aer., facanaer., liqf, chg. (grass-green to violet), npg. Diplococcus intercellularis meningitidis, Gold- schmidt and Weichselbaum. Found within the cells of the exudates in cerebro-spinal meningitis, aer., nliqf., pg. Diplococcus jaune blanc. ^e^^ Micrococ- cus subjlavus, Bumm. Diplococcus lacteus favi- formis, Bumm. Found frequently in the vaginal secretions, aer., nliqf, npg. Diplococcus luteus, Adametz. Found in water, a^r., liqf., mot., chg. (yellow), npg. Diplococcus of Gonorrhea. See Micrococcus gonorrhaa, Neisser. Diplococcus of Orchitis, Hugouneng and Eraud. Syn., Orchiococ- cus. Frequently found in gonorrheal pus during the first few days. aer. , nliqf. , pg. The specific microbe of blennorrhagic epididymitis. Diplococcus of Ozena, Loewenberg. Found in the secretions in cases of ozena. Diplococcus of Pemphigus, Diplococ- cus of Pemphigus Acutus, Demme. Syn., Micro- coccus of Demme. Diplococcus des Pemphigus acu- tus, Ger. Found in the bullae of pemphigus, aer., nliqf. , pg. Resembles the Gonococcus. Diplococcus of Pneumonia in Horses, Schutz. Syn. , Diplococ- cus der Pferdepneumonie. Obtained from the lungs of a horse affected with acute pneumonia. aer., nliqf, pg. Diplococcus pneumoniae fibrinosae, Friedlander. See Bacillus pneumonie friedldnderi. Diplococcus pneumoniae, Weichselbaum. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Diplococcus pyogenes ureae, Rorsing. Syn. , Diplococcus urea, Rorsing. Coccobacillus pyogenes urecE, Rorsing. Coc- cobacterium urea, Rorsing. F'ound in purulent urine. Cf. Diplococcus urem trifoliatus, Rorsing. Micrococ- cus pyogenes urecE flavus, Rorsing. Diplococcus roseus, Bumm. Found in the air. air., facanaer., liqf, chg. (pink), npg. Diplococcus ureae, Rorsing. See Diplococcus pyogenes urece, Rorsing. Diplococ- cus ureae trifoliatus, Rorsing. Found in purulent urine. Cf Diplococcus pyogenes urece, Rorsing. Micrococcus pyogenes urece flavus, Rorsing. Dispora caucasica, Kern. See Bacillus caucasicus, Kern. Drumstick Bacillus. See Bacillus putrificus coli, Bienstock. Einheimischer Leuchtbacillus. See Bacillus phosphorescens indigenus, Fisher. Eisbacil- len. Bacilli of ice. Eiterbacillen, Eiterkokken, Eitermikroben. Microbes of pus. Eiterketten- kokkus. See Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Emmerich's Bacillus, Emmerich's Neapler Bacillus. See Bacillus neapolitanus. Endosporous bacteria. ?>yn.,BactSries endospores,'Fi. Endosporen- Bacterien, Ger. Bacteria that produce by endogen- ous spore formation. Epsilon Bacillus, Miller. . See Spirillum finkleri. Erdbacillus. See Bacillus myocoides, Fliigge. Erdebacillen, Erdebacterien. Microbes of the soil. Erythroconus litoralis, CErstedt. See Sarcina litoralis, CErstedt. Essig- ferment, Essigpilz. See Bacillus aceti, Kutzing. Faecesbacillen, Ger. Bacilli of the feces. Faul- nisbacillen, Ger. See Bacillus saprogenes, I, II, III, Rosengarten. Faulnisbacterium, Ger. See Bacterium termo. Dujardin and Davaine. Faul- nisbacterien. Bacteria of putrefaction. Feet-sw^eat Bacillus. See Bacillus faitidus. Bacillus sapro- genes, II, and Bacterium graveolens. Ferment de la fermentation butyrique, Fr. See Bacillus buty- ricus, Prazmowski. Fettbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus butyricus Prazmowski. Finkler-Prior's Bacillus. Abbreviations.^af»-. — aerobic. flKaty. — anaerobic. c%. = chromogenic. /acoKocV. — facultative anaerobic, /wy. — liquefac- tive. monom. — monomorphic. mol. = motile, nhg/. = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-molile. nig. = non-pathogenic. oW. = obligate, ojc/. •= oscillating, ^.r- — pathogenic. >Aoj. — phosphorescent, pleom. ~ pleomorphic, io;*. — saprophytic. BACTERIA 175 BACTERIA See Spirillum Finkler- Prior. Fiore del vino e della birra, Ital. See Saccharomyces mycoderma, Reess. Fitz'scher Aethylbacillus.Ger. See Bacillus mbtilis, Ehrenberg, etc. Flesh-colored Bacillus, Tils. Found in water, aer., liqf. mot., chg. (pink), npg. Flowers of Wine. See Saccharomyces mycoderma, Reess. Fluorescent bacilli. Bacilles fluorescents, Fr. Fluorescirende Bacillen, Ger. See Bacillus fluorescens putidus, Bacillus erythrosporus , Bacillus fluorescens liquefaciens , etc. Fraenkel's Pneumo- bacillus, Fraenkel'scher Diplococcus, Fraenkel- Weichselbaum'scher Pneumococcus, Fraenkel'- scher Pneumonic - Diplococcus. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Frog-spawn Bacte- rium of Sugar Factories, Frog-spawn fungus, Froschlaich, Froschlaichpilz, Ger. See Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Qaffkya tetragenes, Saccardo. See Micrococcus tetragenus, Gaffky. Gahrungerregende Bacillen, Ger. Zymogenic bacilli. Gasbildende Bacillen aus dem Magen, Ger. See Bacillus lactis aerogenes, Escherich. Gasbildende Bacillen aus Wasser, Ger. Bacilli of water. Gas Forming Ba- cillus. See Bacillus gaso/brmaas, Eisenhevg. Gelber Bacillus. See Bacillus luteus, Flugge. Gelber Traubencoccus. See Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Ogston. Ginger Beer Plant, Marshall Ward. Forms jelly-like, semi-transparent, yellowish-white, brain-like masses at the bottom of the fermentation ; resembles Caucasian kephir grains ; it is a symbiotic association of Saccharomyces pyriformis, and of Bacterium vermi- forme. Glacier Bacillus, Gletscherbacillus. See Bacillus Jluorescens nivalis, Schmolck. Glatthaut- bildender Kartoffelbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus leiodermos, Loffler. Gliococcus, a micrococcus with a slimy capsule. Glycerinathylbacillus, Glycer- inaethylbacterium. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg, Cohh, etc. Golden Staphylococcus. See Staphy- lococcus pyogenes aureus, Ogston, Beeker. Gomme de sucrerie. See Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Cien- kowski. Gonococcus, Gonococque, Gonorrhoecoc- cus. Syn. , Trippercoccus. See Micrococcus gonorrhcece Neisser. Grains de kephyr. See Bacillus caucas- icus, Kern. Gray-white micrococcus, Bumm. See Diplococcus albicans amplus, Bumm. Griingel- ber Bacillus aus Wasser, Ger. Greenish-yellow ba- cillus of water. Gummibacillus, Ger. See, B. lio- dermos,'L6Mer. Haematococcus bovis, Babes. Syn., Microbe de I'hdmoglobinurie du boeuf. Zimmermann. Obtained from the blood and viscera of cattle dead of an epidemic, infectious disease characterized by hemoglobinuria (in Roumania). aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg. Harnmicrococcus. See Micrococcus urecE, Cohn. Harnsarcine, Hartze. See Sarcina of urine. HarnstofTmicrococcus. See Micrococcus urece, Cohn. Hauser's Faulnisbacillen. See Proteus vulgaris, Proteus 7nirabilis, Proteus zenkerii. Hay bacillus, Bacille du foin, Fr. Heubacillus. Ger. Bacillus del fieno, Ital. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Helicobacterium aerogenes. Miller. See Bacillus aerogenes. III, Miller. Helicobac- terium klebsii, Escherich. Found in the intestine of guinea pigs, pleom. Helicomonas, Klebs. Syph- ilis fungus. Cf. Bacillus syphilidis, Lustgarten. Heubacillus. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Heubacillusahnlicher Bacillus, Ger. See Bacillus subtilis simulans, Bienstock. Heupilz, See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg. Hirse des Propheten. See Bacillus caucasicus, Kern. Hormiscium cerevisiae, Bonard. Hormiscium vini. Hormiscium vini et cerevisiae, Bonard. See Saccharomyces myco- derma. Hostienblut. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Huhneicholerabacillus. Hiihner- micrococcus. Bacillus of chicken cholera. See Ba- cillus septiccemia hemorrkagias, Sternberg. Huep- pe's Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation — Hueppe's Buttersaurebacillus. See Bacillus butyricus, Hueppe. Hundswutbacillus. See Ba- cillus lyssie, Pasteur. Hygrocrocis vandelli, Men- eghi. See Beggiatoa alba, Trevisan. Hypaeothrix kuehniana. See Crenothrix kiihniana. Indi^ scher Leuchtbacillus. See Bacillus phosphorescens indicus, Fischer. Influenzabacillus. See Bacillus of Influenza, Pfeiffer. lodococcus vaginatus, Miller. Found in unclean mouths; gives peculiar reaction with iodin, the sheath being stained yellow, the cocci dark blue. Jequeritypilz. See Bacillus of jequirity ophthalmia. Kartoffelbacillus. Potato bacillus, applied to Bacillus mesentericus fuscus, Flugge ; Bacillus mesentericus ruber, Globig ; and Bacillus mesentericus vulgatxis, Flugge. Kasespiril- lum. See Spirillum- tyrogenum, Deneke. Kefir- bacillus. Kefirferment. See Bacilltts caucasicus, Kern. Keuchhustenpilz, Burger. See Bacillus tussis convulsivcB, Afanassiew. Knauelbildender Bacillus, Ger. See Bacillus zopfii. Koch's Bacillus, Koch'- scher Bacillus. Kommabacillus der Cholera asiaticae. Koch's Comma Bacillus, Kommaba- cillus. See Spirillum cholerce asialicce, Koch. Kot- bacillen. Syn., Bacilles des selles, Fr. Bacilli of the feces. Krankheiterregende Bacillen (or Bacterien). Pathogenic bacilli. Lanceolate Coc- cus, Lancet-shaped Micrococcus, Talamon. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Flugge. Leprabacil- lus. See Bacillus leprce, Hansen. Leptonema niveum. See Beggiatoa nivea, Rabenhorst. Lepto- thrix buccalis, Robin. Pilz der Zahncaries, Ger. Syn. Lepiothrix gigantea ,'M.\\\er . Leptothrix pulmon- alis, Rasmussenia buccalis, Saccardo. Found in the mouth of man and animals. Falsely considered the cause of dental caries. Leptothrix buccalis of Vignal. See Bacilltts buccalis (a), .Vignal. Lepto- thrix epidermidis. Syn. , Bacillus epidermidis, Biz- zozero. Microsporon minutissimum, Burchart. Found on the epidermis between the toes, and held by Biz- zozero to be non-pathogenic, but by Boeck as the cause of erythrasma. Leptothrix der Thranenrohrchen. See Cladothrix fcersteri, Cohn. Leptothrix gi- gantea. Miller. Found on the teeth of dogs, sheep, cattle and other animals affected with Pyorrhcea alveolaris. Some consider it identical with Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Leptothrix hyalina, Reinsch. Found on marine algae. Leptothrix innominata, Miller. See, Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Lepto- thrix kuhniana. See Crenothrix kiihniana Sac- cardo. Leptothrix lacrimalis. Syn. Leptothrix der Thranenrohrchen. See Cladothrix fcersteri, Cohn. Leptothrix lanugo, Kiitzing. Found on marine algae near Heligoland. Leptothrix maxima buc- calis. Miller. See Bacillus buccalis maximus. Miller. Leptothrix muralis, Kutzing. See Leptothrix para- sitica. Leptothrix natans. See Sphcsrotilus natans, Saccardo. Leptothrix ochracea, Kutzing. Syn. Detionella ochracea, Saccardo. Cladothi-ix dichotoma, Zopf. According to Zopf, this represents filaments of Cladothrix stained with oxid of iron. Leptothrix of Puerperal Fever, Leptothrix puerperalis, Fettz. See Bacillus puerperalis, Engel and Spillman. Leptothrix parasitica, Kutzing. Parasitic on fresh Abbreviations. — a^V. = aerobic, awa^'r. = anaerobic. cA.^. = chromogenic. yacawac'n^ facultative anaerobic. /a^T^. ^ liquefac- tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, ntigf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. = non-motile, npg^. = non-pathogenic. oW. "■obligate. ojcA = oscillating. _^^. ^pathogenic. /A£>5. ^ phosphorescent, ^/^ow. ^ pleomorphic, ja^. ^ saprophytic BACTERIA 176 BACTERIA water algse. This and Leptothrix muralis are genetically connected with Drilosiphon julianus, Kiitzing, the ordinary hormogones of which produce filaments known as Nostoc parietinum, Rabenhorst ; the cells of these Nostoc filaments eventually separate and produce slender filaments constituting Leptothrix parasitica and muralis, Kutzing (Bennet and Murray) . Leptothrix pulmonalis. See Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Leptothrix pusilla, Rabenhorst. Found on fresh water algse, also in the mouth, Klebs. Leptothrix symplacoides, Dickie. Found on marine algee. Leptothrix vaginalis. Found in the vagina of animals and women. Leptothrix varia- bilis, Saccardo. Found in saliva of healthy persons. Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Van Tieghem. Syn., Ascococcus mesenteroides, Cienkowski. Gomme de Sucrerie, Fr. Froschlaich, Froschlaichpilz, Pilz der Dextrangahrung, Ger. Frog spawn bacterium of sugar factories, Frog spawn fungus. A source of great loss to the manufacturers of beet sugar, fre- quently and rapidly converting large quantities of the beet juice into a mucilagino-gelatinous mass. Libor- ius's Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation, Liborius. Buttersaurebildender Bacillus, Ger. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Lissophyton sus- pectum, Hallier. 'Sitt. Bacillus lyssi£,V2.'i\eMX. Lues- bacillus. See Bacillus syphilides, Lustgarten. Luft- bacillen. Syn., Bacilli of the air. Bacilles de I'air. Luftbacterien. Bacteria of the air. Lungenseuche- micrococcus . See Micrococcus of bovine pneumonia, Poels and Nolen. Lupusbacillen. Bacilli of lupus, identical with Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. IVIause- septikamieahnlicher Bacillus, Eisenberg. See .5a- cillus coprogenes parvus. Melunella flexuosa, Borg. See Spirillum rugula, MuUer. Merismopedia chon- droidea. With, Merismopedia glauca. See Sar- cina renis, Hepworth. Merismopedia goodsirii. See Sarcina ventriculi, Goodsir. Merismopedia hyalina, Kutzing. Sarcina hyalina, Kutzing. Mer- ismopedia litoralis, Rabenhorst. See Sarcina litoralis, CErstedt. Merismopedia reitenbachii, Cas- pary. See Sarcina reitenbachii, Caspary. Meris- mopedia urinse, Rabenhorst. See Sarcina urince, Welcker. Merismopedia ventriculi, Husem. See Sarcina ventriculi, Goodsir. Merismopedia viola- cea, Kutzing. See Sarcina violacea, KUtzing. Meerschweinchenbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus cavi- cidiis, Brieger. Metallacter anthracis, Trevisan. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Metallacter tremulus, Trevisan. See Bacilhis tremulus, Koch. Metallacter ulna, Trevisan. See Bacillus ulna, Cohn. Micoderma cerevisiae, Trecul. See Saccharomyces mycoderma, Reess. Microbe de I'hemoglobinurie du boeuf, Zimmerman. See Htsma- tococcus bovis,^abes. Microbe de I'araignee. See Mi- croccocus viastobius, Nocard and MoUereau. Microbe de la bouton d'Alep, Microbe de la bouton de Nil, Microbe de la bouton d' Orient, Microbe de la clou de Biskra, Microbe de la clou de Gafsa (Poncet). See Micrococcus of Heydenreich. Microbe de la clavelee. See Bacterium of Sheep-pox. Microbe de la dysenterie epidemique, Chantemesse andWidal. See Bacillus dysenteries, C.SiVi . Microbe de la fifevre jaune, Freire, Rebougeon and Carmonay Valle. Syn. , Micrococcus ( Cryptococcus) xanthogenicus Freire, Micrococcus of P'reire. Obtained from the blood of yellow fever patients ; attenuated by heat, and used by permission of the Emperor of Brazil (Nov., 1882) to inoculate several hundred persons. The organism described Carmona y Valle, appears to be a fungus not related to the bacteria. Cf. Bacillus of yellow fever. Babes. Microbe de la fievre typhoide, Tayon. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth. Microbe de la flacherie. Microbe de la maladie des morts-plats. See Micrococcus bomby- cis, Cohn. Microbe de I'hemoglobinurie du boeuf, Zimmermann. See Hmmatococcus bovis. Microbe de lapebrine. Syn. , Bacterium ovatum,'Lebert; Bacillus pasteurianus, Hansen ; Micrococcus ovattis; Micrococ- cils pasteurianus; Nosema bombycis, Nageli ; Pan- hystophyton ovatum ; Lebert ; Micrococcus of pebrine ; Cornelian corpuscles ; Cornelian bodies ; Micrococcus der Fleckenkrankheit, Ger.; Corpuscles du ver a sole, Fr. The specific microbe of a disease of silkworms known for hundreds of years, called pebrine, gattine, petechia , maladie des corpuscles, and spotted disease . It was particularly destructive between 1850 and 1875. According to the investigations of Comalia, Leydig, Balbiani, Pasteur, and Metschnikoff, these bodies belong to the Psorospermice and are not bacteria at all. Microbe del mal nero, Ital. See Bacterium gum- mis. Comes ; or Bacterium putredinis, Davaine. Microbe des gasigen Gangrans, Ger. See Bacillus cedematis maligni, Koch. Microbe des pus blen- norrhagique, Weiss, Fr. See Micrococcus gonor- rhanE, Neisser. Microbe der Schweinspocken, Ger. See Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, Klein. Microbe di morbillo, Lanzi, Ital. Microbe du cholera des poules, Fr. , Pasteur. See Bacillus septiciemice hamor- rhagiccB, Sternberg. Microbe du lait bleu, Fr. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Fuchs. Microbe du pus bleu, Fr. See Bacillus pyocyaneus, Gessard. Microbe of Friedlander. See Bacillus pneumonia friedldnderii. Microbe of Pasteur. Microbe septicSmique du salive, Fr. See Bacillus sputigenus sepiicus, Fliigge. Micrococci della rabbia, Ital. See Micrococcus lyssis, and Bacillus lyssce, Pasteur. Micrococco dell afta epizootica, Ital. See Streptocytus of eczema epizootica, Schottelius. Micrococcus aceti. See Bacillus aceti, Kutzing. Micrococcus acidi lactici, Marpman. Found in milk ; resembles in its action Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe, aer. , nliqf. , nntbt. , npg. a. Sphi^rococcus acidi laciici,M.&rpTa3.ii. Mic- rococcus acidi lactici liquefaciens, ICriiger. Found- in butter and cheese. aer., facanaer., liqf., nmot. Micrococcus aerogenes, Miller. Found in the intes- tinal tract of man. aer., liqf. ,7imot., npg. Micro- coccus agilis, Ali-Cohen. Found in drinking water. aer. , liqf. , mot. , npg. A motile coccus, provided with a flagellum ; described by Menge. Micrococcus agilis citreus, Menge. Micrococcus (Diplococcus) albicans amplus, Bumm. Syn. , Neisseria albicans. Frequently found in the vaginal secretions, aer. , liqf, npg. Micrococcus (diplococcus) albicans tardus, Unna and Tommasoli. Found in eczema, aer., nliqf, nmot. Micrococcus albicans tardissimus, Eisen- berg, Bumm. Found in the vaginal secretions of puerperal women. aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus liquefaciens. Von Besser. Found in the nasal secretions of healthy persons, aer. , facanaer. , liqf, npg. Micrococcus albus urinae. See Micro- coccus, urinalbus. Micrococcus amylovorus. Bur- rill and Arthur. Syn., Micrococcus of apple blight. Bacterium of pear blight. Produces fermentation in saccharine fluids, aer., nliqf., mot.,pg. (for apple and pear trees). Cf. Bacillus, butyricus, Prazmowski. Micrococcus aquatilis, Bolton. Found frequently in water, aer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus aquatilis Abbreviations. — atf?'. = aerobic. aMa^r. =' anaerobic. cA^. = chromogenic. ^acawatfV. = facultative anaerobic. /ly/". = liquefac- tive. monom. =^ monomorphic. mot. = motile, ntigf. = non-liquefactive. nmoi. = non-motile, npg. =- non-pathogenifc. oW. — obligate, ojc/, — oscillating, /.f. — pathogenic. >Am. — phosphorescent. /S/ra»i. — pleomorphic, jo^. — saprophytic. BACTERIA 177 BACTERIA invisibilis, Vaughan. Found in water. aer.,nUqf., npg. Micrococcus arei celsii, Buchner and Sehlen. Syn., Bacterium decalvans. Thin. Found on the diseased hairs in Alopecia areata. Cf. Bacillus of alopecia areata, Kasauli, and Micrococcus of alopecia (rr^<«te, Robinson. Micrococcus ascoformansjohne. See Micrococcus dotiyo-^enus, Rabe. Micrococcus aurantiacus, Cohn. Syn., Pediococcus aurantiacus. Found in water, aer., nliqf, chg. (orange-yellow), npg. Micrococcus bei hepatitis enzootica porcel- lorum. See Micrococcus porcellorum. Micrococcus biskrse. See Micrococcus of Heydenreich. Micro- coccus blennorrhoeus. See Micrococcus gonor- rhcece, Neisser. Micrococcus bombycis, Cohn, Bechamp. Syn., Streptococcus bombycis, Bechamp. Micrococcus de la maladie des morts plat, Fr. Microbe de la flacherie, Fr. Micrococcus der Schlafsucht der Seidenraupen, Ger. Found in the intestinal tract of silkworms and other Lepidoptera dead of the epidemic disease known In France as la flacherie ; etiblogic relation demonstrated by Pasteur. Micrococcus botryogenes, Bollinger, Rabe. Syn., Bollingera equi, Saccardo ; Ascococcus johnei, Cohn ; Micrococcus ascoformans, Johne ; Micrococcus of myko-desmoids of the horse. Found in colonies in the connective tissue of horses affected with " myko-desmoids." aer., liqf.,pg. Micrococcus candicans, Fliigge. Found abundantly in air and water. aer., nliqf, npg. Micrococcus candidus, Cohn. Found in water. aer., nliqf, npg. Micrococcus capillorum. Found on the scalp and said to alter the color of the hair. aer., chg. (reddish-yellow). Micrococcus carneus, Zimmermann. Found in water, aer., nliqf., chg. (red to violet), npg. Micrococcus cerasinus siccus. List, aer., nlicjf., chg. (cherry red), npg. Micro- coccus cereus albus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus cereus albus, Passet. Found in the pus of acute abscesses, and by Tils,in hydrant water (Freiburg) . aer. , nliqf, npg. Micrococcus cereus aureus, Schroter and Winkler. Syn., Staphylococcus cereus aureus, S. and W. Found in the thin secretions of coryza. aer. , nliqf, chg. (orange-red) , «;>f. Micrococcus cereus flavus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus cereus flavus, Passet. Staphylococcus passetii. Found in an acute abscess. aer., nliqf, chg. (lemon-yellow), npg. Micrococcus chlorinus. Occurs in zooglcea masses. aer., chg. (greenish-yellow), npg. Micrococcus cholerse gallinarum, Pasteur. See Bacillus septi- ciemicB hemorrhagica, Sternberg. Micrococcus cin- nabareus, P'liigge. Syn., Streptococcus cinnabareus, Fliigge. Found in air and water, aer., nliqf, chg. (reddish-brown), npg. Micrococcus citreus, List. Syn. , Staphylococcus citreus. List. Micrococcus couleur crSme, Fr. Crfimefarbiger Micrococcus, Ger. Found in water, also by Lannelongue and Achard in the seat of an old osteomyelitis, aer., nliqf, chg. (pale- yellow), npg. Micrococcus citreus conglomeratus, Bumm. See Diplococcus citreus conglomeratus, Bumm ; Micrococcus concentricus, Zimmermann. Found in water, aer., nliqf, sap., npg. Micrococcus conglomeratus, Weichselbaum. Syn, , Neissera con- glomerata, W. Micrococcus coronatus, Fliigge. Syn., Streptococcus coronatus, Fliigge. Found in the air. aer., liqf, npg. Micrococcus couleur creme. List. See Micrococcus citreus. List. Micro- coccus cremoides, Zimmermann. Found in water. aer., liqf., chg. (yellowish-white), npg. Micro- coccus crepusculum, Cohn. See Bacillus termo, Ehrenberg and Dujardin. Micrococcus cumulatus Abbreviations.— a«-. — aerobic. a«o<>-. — anaerobic. cA^. — chromogenic. /acoMo^n = facultative anaerobic. /j>/. — liquefac- live. W07I0OT. — monomorphic, »ro<. — motile. K/jy/. = non-liquefactive. k»io<. = non-motile. BAf. = non-pathogenic, oW.— obligate, ojc/. ■= oscillating. >^. — pathogenic. ;>Aoj. = phosphorescent, //eom. = pleomorphic. ia>. — saprophytic. 12 tenuis, Von Besser. Found in abundance in the nasal mucus of man. aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. Micro- coccus cyaneus, Schroter. Obtained from the air, on boiled potatoes, aer. , chg. (cobalt blue, altered to car- mine by acids, restored by alkalies) . Micrococcus de- calvans, Schroter. Syn. , Bacterium decalvans, Saccar- do. Cf Bacillus of Alopecia areata, Kasauli, Micrococcus arei celsii, Buchner and Sehlen ; Micrococcus of Alo- pecia areata, Robinson. Micrococcus de la matn- mite gangreneuse de la brebis, Micrococcus de la mammite contagieuse de la vache, Fr. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard and Mollereau. Micro- coccus de la necrose progressive du tissue con- nective de la souris, Fr. See Micrococcus of pro- gressive tissue necrosis of mice, Koch. Micrococcus de la pyemie du lapin, Fr. See Micrococcus of pyemia in rabbits, Koch. Micrococcus de le rage, Fr. See Micrococcus lyssce, Neisser. Micrococcus de la septicemic consecutive du charbon, Charrin. Found in the blood and tissues of a rabbit inoculated with blood from another rabbit dead of anthrax, air. , mot. ,pg. Micrococcus de la septicemie du lapin,Fr. See Micrococcus of septicemia of rabbits, Koch. Micro- coccus de la suppuration progressive du lapin, Fr. See Micrococcus of ' progressive abscess-forma- tion in rabbits. Micrococcus der Mastitis der Kiihe, Ger. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard and Moller- eau. Micrococcus der Maul- und Klauen- seuche. See Streptocytus of eczema epizootica, Schot- telius. Micrococcus des mort plats, Fr. See Micrococcus bombycis, Cohn. Micrococcus der Osteo- myelitis, Becker. See Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Ogston, Becker. Micrococcus der Fleckenkrank- heit, Ger. See Microbe de la pebrine, Pasteur. Micrococcus des Pende'schen Geschwiirs. See Micrococcus of Heydenreich. Micrococcus desi- dens, Fliigge. See Micrococcus flavus desidens, Fliigge. Micrococcus des roten Schweisses. See Micrococcus hcsmatodes. Babes. Micrococcus diffluens, Schroter. Found in the air, dust, and in excrement; common, aer., nliqf, chg. (yellow, with a greenish fluorescence; not modified by acids). Resembles Bacillus fluorescens putidus, Fliigge. Micrococcus diphtheriticus, Oertel, Cohn, Loffler. Syn., Streptococcus articulorum,\Mf&^r. Micrococcus en chaines, Fr. Kettenbildender Bacillus, Ger. , Loffler. Found in the false membranes, and in the tissues of diphtheria patients ; Cornil identifies this with Micrococcus pyogenes , Rosenbach. aer., nliqf. ,pg. Micrococcus doyenii. See Micrococcus urince albus olearius. Doyen. Micrococcus en chaines, Loffler. See Micrococcus diphtheriticus, Oertel, Cohn. Micro- coccus endocarditicus. ^yn. , Streptococcus endocardi- ticus. Micrococcus endocarditidis rugatus, Weich- selbaum. Found in a case of ulcerative endocarditis. aer., nliqf, pg. Micrococcus erysipelatis , Micro- coccus erysipelatos, Micrococcus erysipelatosus, Fehleisen. See Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Micrococcus fermenti. See Micrococcus viniperda. Micrococcus fervidosus, Adametz. Found in water. aer.,nliqf.,ngp. Micrococcusiickii. Found in healthy and diseased eyes. Micrococcus finlay- ensis, Sternberg. Obtained from the viscera of a yellow-fever cadaver, aer., liqf, chg. (pale-yellow), npg. Micrococcus flavus. See Micrococcus flavus liquefaciens, Fliigge. Micrococcus flavus desidens, Fliigge. Found in air and water, aer.,- liqf, chg. (yellowish-brown) , npg. Micrococcus flavus lique- faciens, Fliigge. Syn., Micrococcus flavus, Micrococ- BACTERIA 178 BACTERIA and Babes throw doubt on the culture experiments of Fol. Micrococcus major, Doyen. See Micrococcus urince major. Doyen. Micrococcus manfredii. Syn. , Streptococcus manfredii. Micrococcus of pro- gressive granuloma formation. Found in the sputum of two cases of pneumonia following measles ; a'er. , nliqf.,pg. Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard, Mol- lereau and Kitt. Syn. , Streptococcus nocardi. Micro- coccus of bovine mastitis, Kitt. Micrococcus of mastitis in cows. Streptococcus of mastitis in cows. Micrococcus of contagious mammitis. Micrococcus of gangrenous mastitis in sheep, Nocard. Microbe de la mal de pis, Microbe de I'araign^e, Micrococcus de la mammite contagieuse de la vache, Nocard and MoUereau, Fr. Micrococcus der Mastitis der Kiihe, Ger. Obtained from the milk of cows and sheep affected with mastitis, a'er. , facanaer. The form found in cattle is said to be non-liquefactive ; that of sheep liquefies both gelatin and blood serum. Sternberg re- cognizes three distinct forms producing mastitis. Micrococcus meningitidis, Neumann. See Micro- coccus intercellularis meningitidis, Neumann and Schaffer. Micrococcus meningitidis purulentae, Heydenreich. Micrococcus morbillosus. Syn., Streptococcus morbillosus. Micrococcus nasalis, Hack. Found in the cavum pharyngonasale. air., mot., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus nitrificans. Van Tieghem. Syn., Micrococque de la fermentation de I'ammoniaque. Found in water. aer.,npg. Mi- crococcus, II, of Fischel. Found in the blood of two cases of influenza, aer., facanaer., liqf, pg. Micrococcus oblongus. See Bacterium ob- longum, Boutroux. Micrococcus ochroleucus, Prove and Legrain. Syn. , Streptococcus ochroleucus. Found in urine, aer., nliqf., chg. (sulphur yellow), npg. Micrococcus of Acute Infectious Osteo- myelitis. See Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosen- bach. Micrococcus of Alopecia areata, Von Sehlen, Robinson, Vaillard and Vincent. Found on the hairs from the diseased patches, aer., liqf., pg. Cf. Bacillus of Alopecia areata, and Micrococcus decalvans. Schroter. Micrococcus of Ammoniacal Urine. See Micrococcus uretz, Cohn, and Micrococ- cus ureie liquefaciens, Fliigge. Micrococcus of Apple Blight. See Bacillus butyricus , Botkin, Praz- mowski, etc. Micrococcus of Beri-beri, Lacerda. See Bacillus beribericus, Lacerda. Micrococcus of Biskra Button. See Micrococcus of Heyden- reiph. Micrococcus of Bitter Milk. See Micro- coccus lactis viscosus. Conn. Micrococcus of Bronchitis, Picchini. Three distinct forms, aer., nliqf. Cf. Bacillus of Lumnitzer. Micrococcus of Bovine Mastitis, Kitt. See Micrococcus mas- tobius, Nocard, Mollereau and Kitt. Micrococcus of Bovine Pneumonia, Poels and Nolen. Syn., Lungenseuchemicrococcus, Micrococcus of cattle pneumonia. Found in the lungs of cattle suffering from infectious pleuro-pneumonia. aer., nliqf., pg. Micrococcus of Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. See Micrococcus Intercellularis Meningitidis. Neumann and Schaffer. Micrococcus of Chicken Pox, See Staphylococcus viridis flavescens, Guttmann. Micro- coccus of Contagious Mammitis. See Micro- coccus mastobius, Nocard, Mollereau, and Kitt. Micrococcus of Cow Pox. See Micrococcus vari- ola et vaccines, Cohn. Micrococcus of Dantec. Obtained from salted codfish which had turned red. aer., nliqf, chg. (yellow, changing to deep red), npg. Micrococcus of Demme. See Diplococ- lic. ana'er. — anaerobic, chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. — facultative anaerobic, liaf. -p lique- factive. wioKow. — monomorphic. wor — motile. k/»i7/. = non-llquefactive. nmoi. — non-motile, w/^s-. =non-patbogenic. oW. — obligate, ojc/. — oscillating. ;»^. — pathogenic. >Aoj. = phosphorescent. ;>feo««. — pleomorphic. ja;J. — saprophytic. cus liquefaciens. Found in air and water, aer. , liqf. , chg. (yellow), npg. Micrococcus flavus tardi- gradus, Fliigge. Syn. , Micrococcus tardigradus. Found in the air and water, aer. , nliqf. , chg. (dark olive-green), npg. Micrococcus foetidus, Klamann, Kosenbach. Found in the posterior nares of man. aer., liqf, npg. Micrococcus fervidosus, Adametz. Found in water, aer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus freudenreichii, Guillebeau. One of the two forms found by Guillebeau to produce ropiness in milk, aer., liqf. , npg. Cf. Bacterium, hessii, Guillebeau. Micro- coccus friedlanderii. See Bacillus pneumonice friedldnderii. Micrococcus fulvus, Cohn. Syn., Staphylococcus fulvus. Found in horse and rabbit dung. aer. , nmot., nliqf, chg. (xoie), npg. Micro- coccus fuscus , Maschek. Found in water, aer. , nmot., liqf, chg. (sepia-brown), npg. Micrococcus gallicidus. See Bacillus sefticcemim hiemorrhagicce , Sternberg. Micrococcus gelatinosus. Found in milk, which it causes to coagulate at about 22° C. Micrococcus gingivae pyogenes, Miller. Found in the mouth of a man affected with alveolar abscess. a'er., facanaer., nliqf, pg. Micrococcus gon- orrhceae, Neisser. Micrococcus blennorrhaeus, Neissera gonorrh(£(E, Micrococcus gonococcus. Microbe du pus bleunorrhagique, Weiss, Fr. Trippercoccus, Gonor- rhoecoccus, Ger. Found in gonorrheal pus. aer. No growth on gelatin ; an obligate parasite, pg. Micro- coccus griseus, Winter. See Bacterium griseum. Warming. Micrococcus hsematodes, Babes. Syn., Micrococcus of red sweat. Micrococque de la sueur rouge, Fr. Micrococcus des roten Schweisses, Ger. Found in foul sweat from the axilla, a'er. , chg. (red) , npg. Micrococcus havaniensis, Sternberg. Syn., Bacillus havaniensis, Sternberg. Obtained by Stern- berg in his investigation of yellow fever, aer. , nliqf. , chg. (blood-red). Only found in the presence of free oxygen. Micrococcus imetrophus, Trevisan. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Micrococcus indicus, Koch. See Bacillus indicus, Koch. Mi- crococcus influenzae, Letzerich. Syn., Streptococ- cus seiferti. Micrococcus of influenza, Seifert. See Bacillus of influenza, Pfeiffer. Micrococcus insec- torum, Burrill, Streptococcus insectorum. Found in the cecal appendages or pancreatic organs in the Chinch bug (Blissus leacopterus. Say) and the higher Hemip- tera. Especially recommended as a remedy for the Chinch bug and for Halticus minutus, so damaging to the peanut. Micrococcus intercellularis meningi- tidis, Neumann and Schaffer. Syn., Micrococcus ■meningitidis, Neumann. Neisseria Weichselbaumii. Found in the tissues of the. brain and spinal cord in cases of cerebro-spinal meningitis. Micrococcus lacteus faviformis, Bumm. iiyn. , Neisseria lactea. Frequently found in normal vaginal mucus, aer., nliqf, npg. Micrococcus lactis viscosus, Conn. Syn., Micrococcus of bitter inilk. Conn. The cause of the bitter taste of milk and cream. aJir., liqf, nmot. , npg. Micrococcus liquefaciens. See Micrococcus fiavus liquefaciens, Fliigge. Micrococcus loewenbergii. Syn., Micrococcus of ozena, Micro- cocque de I'ozdne, Fr. Found in the secretions, in cases of ozena. a'er.,liqf., pg. Micrococcus luteus, Cohn. Found in water, the superficial soil, dust of bed-rooms, moist foods, etc. aer., nliqf, chg. (yel- low), K/f. Micrococcus lyssse, Neisser. Syn., Neisseria lyssce. Micrococcus of hydrophobia, Micro- coccus of rabies, Fol. Micrococcus de la rage, Fr. Found in the spinal cord of rabid animals. Cornil Abbreviations. — a'er. =■ aerobic, ana'er. = anaerobic. BACTERIA 179 BACTERIA cus of pemphigus acutus, Demme. Micrococcus of Dental Caries. See Leptothrix vulgaris, Robin ; Leptothrix gigantea. Miller ; Miller's Epsilon Bacillus, and Spirillum dentium, Arnt. Micrococcus of Dengue, McLaughlin. See Scheuizia laughlini. Micrococcus of Diphtheria. Streptococcus articu- lorum, Loffler. Micrococcus of Disse and Ta- guchi. Syn., Tokiobacillen. Obtained from the blood, the secretions of broad condyloma, as well as the primary indurations of syphilitics. Etiologic relations not confirmed. Micrococcus of Drink- ing Water, See Micrococcus aquatilis, Bolton. Micrococcus of Egyptian Ophthalmia. See Micrococcus of Trachoma, Sattler and Michel. Mi- crococcus of Endocarditis. See Streptococcus endocarditicus and Micrococcus endocarditicus ru- gatus, Weichselbaum. Micrococcus of Erysipelas, Fehleisen. See Micrococcics pyogenes, Rosenbach. Micrococcus of Foot and Mouth Disease. Syn.,.Streptocytus of eczema epizootica, Schottelius, Streptocytus apthicola, Hallier. Micrococcus der Maul- und Klauenseuche, Ger. Micrococco dell afta epizootica, Ital. Found in the vesicular erup- tions about the mouth and feet of cattle, pigs; and sheep. Communicable to man. aer. , facanaer. Patho- genesis not fully settled. Cf. Bacillus of ulcerative stomatitis of cattle. Micrococcus of Forbes. Found in the bodies of larvae of the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapa, affected with an infectious disease. Micrococ- cus of Fowl Cholera. See Bacillus septiccemia hamorrhagiccB, Sternberg. Micrococcus of Freire. See Microbe de la fiivre jaune, Domingo Freire. Micrococcus of Furuncle, Pasteur. See Bacillus osteomyelitidis, Becker and Kraske. Micrococcus of Gangrenous Mastitis in Sheep, Micrococcus of Gangrenous Mammitis. See Micrococcus masto- bius. Nocard, Mollereau and Kitt. Micrococcus of Gonorrhea. See Micrococcus gonorrhoea, Neisser. Micrococcus of Gray Parrot Disease. See Micro- coccus psittaci, Eberth and Wolff. Micrococcus of Heydenreich. Syn., Streptococcus biskrce. Micro- coccus of Biskra Button. Clou de Biskra, Duclaux. Microbe de la bouton de Nil, Chantemesse, Microbe de la clou de Gafsa. Microbe de la bouton d'Alep, Poucet. Microbe de la bouton d'Orient, Fr. Micrococcus of Biskra button, Fr. Pendjeh- geschwiir, Ger. Found in the tumors and ulcers characteristic of Aleppo boil or Biskra button, a^r. , liqf., pg. Micrococcus of Hydrophobia. See Micrococcus lyssa, Pasteur. Micrococcus of Infec- tious Osteomyelitis. See Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach, and Micrococcus osteomyelitidis, Becker and Kraske. Micrococcus of Influenza, Seifert, Streptococcus seiferii. See Micrococcus influen- zcB, Letzerich. Micrococcus of Kirchner. Obtained from the sputum of patients suffering with influenza. aer.jpg. Micrococcus of Manfredi. Se& Micrococ- cus manfredii. Micrococcus of Mastitis, Kitt. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard and Mollereau. Microccocus of Measles, Klebs and Keating. Syn. Streptococcus morbillosus. Micrococcus morbillosus. Found in the blood and exudates of persons afflicted with measles. Flugge considers them unimportant. Micrococcus of Myko-desmoids of the Horse. See Micrococcus botryogenes, Rabe. Micrococcus of Osteomyelitis. See Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Ogston. Micrococcus ofOzena. See Micrococcus Icewenbergii. Micrococcus of Pear Blight, Burrill. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Micrococcus of Pebrine. See Microbe de la p^brine, Pasteur. Micrococcus of Pneumonia. See Bacillus pneu- monia friedlanderii and Micrococcus sepiicus, Fliigge. Micrococcus of Progressive Abscess Formation in Rabbits, Koch. Syn., Micrococcus de la suppura- tion progressive du lapin. Fr. Found in the exu- dates of rabbits inoculated with putrefying blood, pg. Micrococcus of Progressive Granuloma Forma- tion. See Micrococcus manfredii. Micrococcus of Progressive Tissue Necrosis in Mice, Koch. Syn. , Micrococcus de la necrose progressive du tissue con- nective de la souris. Found in the exudates of mice inoculated with putrid blood, pg. Micrococcus of Pyemia in Rabbits, Koch. Found in the exudates of rabbits inoculated with putrefying flesh infusion. pg. Micrococcus of Rabies, Fol. See Micrococcus lysscE, Neisser. Micrococcus of Red Sweat. See Micrococcus hcematodes, Babes. Micrococcus of S. Le M. Moore. See Bacillus fcetidus, Liborius. Micrococcus of Salvioli. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Flugge. Micrococcus of Scarlet Fever, Pohl and Pincus. See Micrococcus scarlatina. Mi- crococcus of Septicemia in Rabbits, Koch. Syn. , Streptococcus Kochii. Micrococcus de la septicemic du lapin. Fr. Found in the exudates of rabbits inocu- lated with putrefying flesh-infusion, pg. Micrococ- cus of Smallpox. See Micrococcus variola et vaccina, Cohn. Micrococcus of Sputum Septicemia. See Bacillus septicus spmtigenus, Fliigge. Micrococcus of Swine Plague or Hog Cholera. See Bacillus of swine plague, Marseilles, Rietsch and Jobert, and Bacillus ex pneumo-enteritide suis, Klein. Micro- coccus of Syphilis, Haberkom and Marcus. Found in the white blood corpuscles in cases of syphilis, der. , osc.,chg. (red). Micrococcusof Trachoma, Sattler and Michel. Syn., Neisseria rebellis. Trachomcoc- cus, Ger. Micrococcus of Egyptian ophthalmia. Found in the secretions and nodules of the conjunctiva in cases of trachoma, aer. , nliqf. , pg. Researches of Baumgarten and Kartulis go to show that this form has no etiologic relation to the diseases mentioned. Micrococcus of Vaccinia. See Micrococcus variolse et vaccinae, Cohn. Micrococcus of whooping cough, Letzerich. Found in the sputum in cases of whooping cough. See Bacillus iussis convulsiva, Afa- nassiew. Micrococcus olearius. See Micrococcus ufince jlavus olearius. Micrococcus osteomyelitidis, Becker. Syn. , Micrococcus of acute infectious osteo- myelitis. See Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach. Micrococcus ovalis, Escherich. Found in the meco- nium and feces of infants, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , npg. Micrococcus ovatus. See Microbe de la pebrine, Pasteur. Micrococcus pasteuri, Sternberg. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Flugge. Micrococcus petechialis. Syn. , Neisseria petechialis. Micrococ- cus pfliigeri, Ludwig. See Photobacterium pflUgeri, Ludwig. Micrococcus phosphorous, Cohn. See Bacillus phosphoreus , Cohn. Micrococcus plumosus, Brautigam. Found in water, aer. , nliqf. , npg. Mi- crococcus pneumoniae crouposse, Sternberg. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Flugge. Micrococcus pneumoniae infectiosae, Friedlander. See Bacillus pneumonia friedlanderii. Micrococcus porcellorum. Syn., Micrococcus bei Hepatitis enzootica porcellorum. Ger. Found in hogs affected with hepatitis (Russia). aer., liqf., pg. Micrococcus prodigiosus, Cohn. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Micrococcus pseudo-cyanus, Cohn. Found in boiled potatoes exposed to air. aer., chg. (verdigris green) , npg. Abbreviations.— flfj' = aerobic. dKa^n — anaerobic. cA^-. — chromogenic. /acaKa^j-. = facultative anaerobic. ;;y/. — liquefac live. mmum. = itionomorphic. mot. -= motile, nlig/. = non-liquefactive. ttmoi. = non-motile, nfis. — non-pathogenic. oW. = obligate, ojc/. — oscillating. >^. = pathogenic. >Aoj. = phosphorescent. ;»/««. = pleomorphic, io/. — saprophytic. BACTERIA 180 BACTERIA Not sufficiently known. Micrococcus psittaci,WoIf. Syn. , Streptococcus pemiciosus psittacorum, Eberth and Wolf. Micrococcus of gray parrot disease. Micro- coccus der Papageimycose. Ger. The cause of a disease of parrots resembling fowl cholera ; fatal to manyoftheparrotsimported from Guinea into Europe. Micrococcu.s putridus. A form emitting a fetid gas from gelatin when mixed with iodoform. Micrococcus pyocyaneus, Gessard. See Bacillus pyocyaneus a, Gessard. Micrococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Syn., Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcus erysipelatos. Streptococcus longus. Von Lingelsheim. Micrococcus erysipelatis [tos) {tosus). Streptococcus of pus. Streptococque pyog^ne, Vrai Streptococque de l'erysip61e, Fr., Eiterkettenkokkus, Ger., Micrococcus of erysipelas, Fehleisen. Found in the pus of acute abscesses, and in the skin in cases of erysipelas, aer. , facanalr., nliqf. , pg. Micrococcus pyogenes al- bus, Rosenbach. Syn., Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, Passet. Staphylococcus epidermidis albus, Welch. Frequently found in company with Micrococcus pyo- genes aureus. The cause of ' ' stitch abscesses. ' ' aer. , liqf., pg. Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosen- bach. Syn. , Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus. Stafilo- cocco piogeno aureo, Ital. Staphylococque dorfe, Fr. Gelber Traubencoccus, Ger. Micrococcus of infec- tious osteomyelitis. The species most frequently found in pus. Obtained from various suppurations, boils, an- thrax, osteomyelitis, ulcerative endocardititis, phleg- mon, etc. aer., facanaer., liqf., chg. (brilliant golden yellow),/^. Micrococcus pyogenes citreus, Passet. Syn.., Staphylococcus citreus, Passet. Micrococcus pyogenes flavus. Found associated with the forms first described in ' acute abscesses and with Bacillus tuber- culosis, Koch, aer., facanaer., liqf., chg. (lemon yellow) , pg. Held by some to be but a variety of Mi- crococcus pyogenes aureus. Micrococcus pyogenes tenuis, Rosenbach. Syn., Micrococcus rosenbachii. Found in pus. Culture thin, varnish-like; pathoge- nesis not settled. Cf. Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Micrococcus pyogenes urese flavus, Rorsing. Found in purulent urine. Cf. Diplococcus pyogenes urece, Rorsing; Diplococcus urecs trifoliatus, RSrsing. Micrococcus pyosepticus, Richet. Syn., Staphylo- coccus pyosepticus, Hericourt and Richet. Obtained from a carcinomatous tumor in a dog. aer. , liqf. , pg. Resembles Micrococcus pyogenes albus, Rosen- bach. Micrococcus radiatus, Flugge. Syn., Strep- tococcus radiatus, Flugge. Found in air and water. aer., liqf., npg. Micrococcus rheumarthritidis, Kiissmaul. See Bacillus rheumarthritidis, Kiiss- maul. Micrococcus rosenbachii. See Micro- coccus pyogenes tenuis, Rosenbach. Micrococcus Tosettaceus, Zimmermann. Found in water, aer., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus roseus, Eisenberg. Found in the sputum of a person suffering from influ- enza, aer. , facanaer. , liqf. , chg. (pink) , npg. Micro- coccus roseus, Bumm. See Diplococcus roseus, Bumm. Micrococcus roseus, Maggiora, Flugge. ^yn... Neisseria rosea. Found on the skin, aer., npg. Micrococcus salivarius pyogenes, Biondi. Syn,, Staphylococcus varius pyogenes, Biondi. Found in an abscess produced in a guinea-pig by inoculation with saliva from a child affected with anginose scarlatina. aer., liqf, pg. Micrococcus salivarius septicus, Biondi. Obtained from animals after inoculation with saliva from a person with puerperal septicemia, aer. , nliqf. , pg. Cf. Micrococcus sialosepticz43. Micrococ- cus scarlatinae, Micrococcus scarlatinosus, Coze and Feltz. Syn., Perroncitoa scarlatinosa. Micro- coccus of scarlet fever, Pohl and Pincus. Found in the blood on the desquamating skin, and on the palate of scarlet fever patients ; resembles Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Cf. Streptococcus rubiginosus, Edington, and Bacillus of scarlet fever, Crooke. Micrococcus septicus, Cohn. See Bacillus septicemia hamor- rhagicce, Sternberg. Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Syn., Streptococcus septicus, Flugge, and Streptococcus pyogenes, Saccardo, Streptococcus pneumonia, Weich- selbaum. Found in soil, aer., nliqf, pg. Micro- coccus septopyaemicus. Syn., Streptococcus septo- pycemicus. Obtained from cases of phlegmonous angina and erysipelas of the larynx, aer., nliqf, pg. Re- sembles Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Micrococcus sialosepticus. Found in the saliva in a case of puer- peral septicemia, aer., nliqf., pg. Cf. Micrococcus salivarius septicus, Biondi. Micrococcus subflavus, Fliigge, Neisser. Syn. , Neisseria subfla'^a. Yellowish- white micrococcus or diplococcus, Bumm. Diplococ- cus jaune blanc, Fr. Obtained from the lochia of puerperal women, and from vaginal mucus, air., liqf., pg. Micrococcus suis, Burrill. See Bacil- lus tardigradus. Micrococcus tardigradus. See Micrococcus flavus tardigradus, Flugge. Micro- coccus tetragenes, Micrococcus tetragenus, Gaffky. 'ayn. , Gaff kya tetragenus ,'S>a.ccax&a. Obtained from a cavity in the lung of a person with pulmonary tuberculosis, aer., facanair., nliqf, pg. Micrococ- cus tetragenus, Marotta. Constantly found in small- pox vesicles and pustules, aer. , liqf, pg. Produces vaccinia in calves. Micrococcus tetragenus febris flavae, Finlay . Syn. , Micrococcus tetragenus versatilis, Sternberg. Obtained from the excrements of mosqui- toes which had drawn blood from yellow fever pa- tients ; also from the surface of the body in the same disease, (Sternberg), air., liqf, chg. (lemon-yellow), npg. Micrococcus tetragenus subflavus, Von Besser. Found in nasal mucus, air. , facanaer. (no growth in gelatin) , »/^. Micrococcus tetragenus mobilis ventriculi, Mendosa. Found in the contents ofthe stomach of man. aer., nliqf, mot., npg. Micro- coccus tetragenus versatilis, Sternberg. See Micro- coccus tetragenus febris flava, Finlay. Micrococcus toxicatus, Burrill. Syn. , Micrococcus variola et vac- cince, Cohn. Streptococcus toxicatus, Burrill. Found in the poison of the poison ivy, Rhus toxicodendron. Mi- crococcus ulceris mollis. See Bacillus of chancroid, Ducrey. Micrococcus ureae , Cohn. Syn. , Bacterium urea, Cohn. Streptococcus urea . Torulaurea,Vasiew[. Found in urine, in which it produces ammoniacal fer- mentation. Micrococcus ureae, Pasteur and Van Tieghem. Found in the air and in ammoniacal urine. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , npg. Possibly the last two forms and the Bacterium urea, Jaksch, are identical. Micro- coccus ureae liquefaciens, Flugge. Syn. , Streptococ- cus athebius. Found in ammoniacal urine, aer. , fac- anaer., liqf, npg. Micrococcus urinalbus. Syn., Micrococcus albus urina. Found in the urine in cases of pyelonephritis and cystitis. Micrococcus urinae albus olearius. Doyen. Syn., Micrococcus doyenii. Found under the same circumstances as the last form. aer., liqf. Micrococcus urinae flavus olearius, Doyen. Syn., Micrococcus olearius. Found in the urine of cystitis, with the two preceding forms, aer, , liqf., chg. (golden-yellow). Micrococcus urinae major, Doyen. ?iyn., Micrococcus major. Foundinsame circumstances as the three preceding forms. Micro- coccus variolae, Micrococcus variolas et vaccinae, Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaitr. — anaerobic, ch^. — chromoKenic. facana'ir. ~ facultative anaerobic, liqf. -= liquefac- tive. monom. — monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf. = non-liqueractive. nmot. = non-motile, npg. — non-pathogenic, o*/.— obligate, ojc/. — oscillating. >^. — pathogenic. /Aoj. — phosphorescent, ^/eom. = pleomorphic. fa>. — saprophytic. BACTERIA 181 BACTERIA Cohn. Syn. , Streptococcus variola, Micrococcus of smallpox, Micrococcus of vaccinia. Obtained by Cohn, Guttmanii, Marotta, Hlava and others from the lymph of vaccine pustules in man and animals ; by Core and Feltz from the blood of persons affected with variola ; by Cornil and Babes, in the lacunae of the mu- cous bodies of variola papules ; by Quist and Voigt from vaccine ; (Pfeiffer and Loeff find certain ameboid or coccidian protozoans which they re- gard as specific ; also a ferment). Cf. Saccharomyces vaccinee. Micrococcus viridis flavescens, Guttmann. Micrococcus versatilis. Found on the skin of healthy persons, also in the liver, spleen and kidneys after death by yellow fever. Not sufficiently studied. Micrococcus versicolor, Fliigge. Found in water. aer.,nliqf., chg. (yellow), »^^. Micrococcus vini perda. Syn. , Streptococcus fermenti, Micrococcus fer- menti. Found in spoiled wine. Micrococcus vio- laceus, Cohn. Found in water, a'er., nliqf., chg. (violet), npg. Micrococcus viridis flavescens, Guttmann. ' Found in the lymph of a varicella pus- tule. aSr., nliqf., npg. Micrococcus viscosus, Pasteur. Found in the disease of vi^ine known as la graisse. Micrococcus viticulosus, Fliigge, Katz. Found in air and water, a'er. , facanaer. , nliqf., npg. Micrococcus xanthogenicus. Cryptococcus xantho- genicus, Freire. Found in cases of yellow fever. Cf Microbe de la fievre jaune. Micrococque de la fer- mentation de I'ammoniaque, Fr. See Micrococcus nitrificans, Van Tieghem. Micrococque chromo- gene, Fr. Any Chromogenic Micrococcus. Micro- . cocque de la mammite gangreneuse des brebis laiteres. See Micrococcus mastobius, Nocard, Mol- lereau, and Kitt. Micrococque de la sueur rouge. See Micrococcus hcematodes. Babes. Micrococque de I'ozene. See Micrococcus Icewenbergii. Microhaloa rosea, Kutzing. See Beggiatoa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Microsporon minutissimum, Burchardt. %ee Bacil- lus efidermidis, Bizzozero. Microsporon septicum, Klebs. See Bacillus septiccemits hamorrhagicm. Stem- berg. Microzyma bombycis, B6champ. See Micro- coccus bombycis, Cohn, Beck. Milchsaurebacil- lus. See Bacillus acidi lactici, Hueppe. Milk- white Micrococcus, Bumm. See Micrococcus albicans tardissimus, Eisenberg. Milk Yeast. See Saccharomyces lactis, Adametz. Miller's Bacillus. See Bacillus dentalis viridans. Miller, and Spirillum of Miller. Miller's Bacillus of the Intestine. See Bacillus aerogenes, I, II, III, Miller. Miller's Epsi- lon Bacillus. See Epsilon Bacillus, Miller. Milz- brandbacillus. See Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Monas prodigiosa, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Monas termo, Miiller. See Bacillus termo, Dujardin. Mundhoh- lebacillen, Bacilli of the mouth. Mycoderma aceti, Mycoderm du vinaigre, Pasteur. See Bacillus aceti, Kutzing. Myconostoc gregarium, Cohn. A spiral or crumpled condition of a filamentous schizomycete, perhaps Cladothrix dichotoma, Cohn. Mycoderma cerevisiae et vini, Desm. Mycoderma mesenteri- cum,Pers. Mycoderma vini, Pasteur. SeeSaccharo- mycetes mycoderma, Reess. Nasenschleim vibrio, Weibel. See Spirillum nasale, Weibel. Nassfaule- bacillus. See Bacillus of potato rot, Kramer. Neapler Bacillus. See Bacillus neapolitanus,'Eramench. Neis- seria albicans. See Micrococcus albicans amplus, Neisser. Neisseria citrea. See Micrococcus citreus con- glomeratus, Bumm. Neisseria conglomerata. See Micrococcus conglomeratus, Weichselbaum. Neisseria gonorrhoeae. See Micrococcus gonorrhoea, Neisser. Neisseria lactea. See Micrococcus lacteus favifor- mis, Neisser. Neisseria lyssae. See Micrococcus lyssce, Neisser. Neisseria petechialis. See Micro- coccus petechialis, Neisser. Neisseria rebellis. See Micrococcus of trachoma, Sattler. Neisseria rosea. See Micrococcus roseus, Maggiora. Neisseria sub- . flava. See Micrococcus subflavus, Fliigge. Neisseria tardissima. See Micrococcus albicans tardissimus, Bumm. Neisseria weichselbaumii. See Micro- coccus intercellularis meningitidis, Neumann and Schafier. Neisseria winckleri. See Bacillus beri- bericus, Lacerda. Nitrifying Bacillus of Wino- gradsky, Nitromonas of Winogradsky. Obtained from the soil. No growth on ordinary culture media. One of the very few. nitrifying ferments. Nosema bombycis, Nageli. See Microbe de la pfibrine, Pasteur. Obermeier'scher Recurrensfaden, Weigert. Ober- meier'scher Recurrensspirillum, Engelmann. See Spirillum obermeierii. Ophidomonas jenensis, C}phidomonas sanguinea, Ehrenberg. See Beggi- atoa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Orchiococcus. See Diplococcus of Orchitis, Hugouneng and Eraud. Oscillaria alba, Vaucher. See Beggiatoa alba, Trev- isan. Oscillaria arachnoidea, Agardh. See Beg- giatoa arachnoidea, Trevisan. Oscillaria leptomi-' tiformis, Meneghi. See Beggiatoa leptomitiformis, Trevisan. Oscillaria tigrina. See Beggiatoa tigrina, Rabenhorst. Oscillaria versatilis, Kiitzing. See Beggiatoa arachnoidea, Trevisan. Osteo-myelitis- kokken, Becker. See Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus ^ Ogston. Palmella infusionum, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus termo, Dujardin. Palmella prodigiosa, Mont. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Y)a.xerA>er^. Palmel- lina capillorum (Radlkoffer), Bulh. Syn., Zooglosa capillorum , Bulh. Found in the epidermis of the head ; supposed to affect the color of the hair. Panhystophy- ton ovatum, Lebert. See Microbe de la pSbrine, Pas- teur. Passet's Faulnissbacillus. Passet's Putrefy ing Bacillus of Pus. See Bacillus pyogenes fcetidus, Passet. Peach-colored Bacterium, Lankester. See Beggiatoa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Pediococcus acidi lactici, Lindner. Found in hay infusion and in mash from malt. aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , npg. Pediococcus albus, Lindner. Found in well water, aer. , liqf , npg. Pediococcus aurantiacus, Cohn. See Micrococcus aurantiacus, Cohn. Pediococcus cerevisiae, Balcke. Syn. , Sarcina cerevisice, Lindner. Found in beer and in the air of breweries, aer. , facanaer. , nliqf. , npg. Peroncitoa scarlatinosae. See Micrococcus scarla- tina, Pohl-Pincus. Pfeiffer's Bacillus. See Bacil- lus capsulatus, Pfeiffer. Photobacterium balticum, F'ischer. Found in the waters of the Baltic, aer., liqf.,phos., npg. Cf. Bacillus pkosphorescens indigen- us, Fischer. Photobacterium fischeri, Katz. Found in the waters of the Baltic. aer. , liqf. , phos. , npg. Photobacterium indicum, Fischer. See Bacillus phosphorescens , Fischer. Photobacterium luminosum, Beyerinck. Syn., Bact^rie lumineuse de la mer du nord. Found on many of the phospho- rescent animals, crustaceous polyps, infusoria, of the North Sea. aer., liqf, phos., npg. Photobacte- rium pfliigeri, Ludwig. Syn., Bacterium pflugeri. Micrococcus pfliigeri. Found upon butcher's meat and upon market fish. The most phosphorescent of all light-producing bacteria. aer., liqf, phos., ngp. Photobacterium phosphorescens, Fischer. See Bacillus phosphoreus, Cohn. Photobacterium phos- phorescens, Cohn. Syn., Bacterium phosphorescens , Abbreviations.— af»-. = aerobic. o«aey. = anaerobic. chg. = chmrao%m\Q. /acoKfle)-. — facultative anaerobic. ftVy. — liquefac- tive. moBom. = monomorphic. «o<. = motile. «ft«/-- - non-liquefactive. W. - non-motile. «j«^. -non^at^^^^ o«. = obligate. oicA = oscillating. /.£•. -pathogenic. >Aoi. -phosphorescent. ;>feom. - pleomorphic. ja>. -saprophytic. BACTERIA 182 BACTERIA Cohn. Found upon fish and in sea water, aer., nliqf. , npg. Pilz der blauen Milch. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Fuchs. Pilz der Dextrangahrung. See Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Cienkowski. Pilz der Zahncaries. See Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Pink Bacillus of Spreading Edema, A. B. Harris, aer., nliqf ., pleom: , chg. (pink),«^^. Cf. Bacillus csdema- tis, Koch. Pleurococcus roseo-persicina, Raben- horst. See Beggiatoa roseo-persicina, Zopf. Pneu- mobacillus von Friedlander, Pneumobacillus friedlanderi. See Bacillus pneumonite friedldnderi. Pneumobacillus liquefaciens bovis. See Bacillus liquefaciens bovis, Arloing. Pneumococcus von Frankel. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, FlUgge. Pneumococcus, Friedlander. Pneumonia-coccus of Friedlander, Sternberg. See Bacillus pneumonice friedldnderi. Pneumococque de Fraenkel. See Ba- cillus septicus spmtigenus, Fliigge. Pneumococcenahn- liche Bacillen, Ger. See Bacillus pseudopneumoni- cus, Passat. Potato Bacillus. Applied to Bacillus mesentericus fuscus, Fliigge. Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, Fliigge. Bacterium mesentericus ruber, Globig. Pragmidiothrix multisepta, Engler. Syn. , Beggiatoa multisepta. Found in sea water upon crus- taceans (Kieler Bucht). It is distinguished from Beggiatoa by the absence of sulphur grains. Praz- mowski's Bacillus of Butyric Acid Fermentation, Prazmowski' s Buttersaurebacillus, Ger. See Ba- cillus butyricus, Botkin, Prazmowski. Proteus bei Lungengangran des Menschen, Babes. Bacillus lethalis. Babes. Proteus capsulatus septicus, Pro- teus hominis capsulatus. See Bacillus hominis cap- sulatus, Banti, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. Proteus lethalis. See Bacillus lethalis, 'B&hes. Proteus mirabilis. See Bacillus mirabilis, Hanser. Proteus of Karlinski. See Bacillus murisepticus pleomorphus, Karlinski. Pro- teus septicus. See Bacillus septicus, Pasteur. Pro- teus sulfureus. See Bacillus sulfureus, Lindenbom. Proteus sulfureus of Holochenikoff, Proteus vulgaris, Hauser. See Bacillus vulgaris, Hauser. Proteus zenkeri. See Bacillus aenkeri, Hauser. Pseudodiphtheric Bacillus, Loffler, Von Hoff- mann, Roux, YeWin and Abbott. Found in the mucus from the pharynx and tonsils of children suf- fering from non-diphtheric throat affections. Pseudo- diplococcus pneumonice, Bonome. Obtained from the sero-fibrinous exudate of a person dead of cerebro- spinal meningitis. aer, nliqf., pg. Cf. Micro- coccus meningitidis, Neumann, and Bacillus meningi- tidis purulentce, Neumann. Pseudoodembacillus. See Bacillus pseudcedematis, Liborius. Pseudorot- laufbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus parvus ovatus, LofBer. Pseudotuberkuloser Bacillus, Ger. See Bacillus of pseudo-tuberculosis of rabbits, Eberth. Rasmussenia buccalis, Saccardo. See Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. Rauschbrandbacillus. See Bacillus chauvcei, Bollinger and Feser. Recurrens- spirochsete, Birsch-Hirschfeld. See Spirillum ober- meierii. Red Bacillus of Water. See Bacillus ruier, Frank and Becker. Rhinosclerombacillus. See Bacillus rhinoscleromatis , Cornil and Alvarez. Rinderpestbacillus. See Bacillus septica:mice htem- orrhagicce, Sternberg. Rod Bacteria, Bactiries en batonet, Fr. Rosenbach's Putrefaction Bacilli, Rosenbach's Faulnisbacillen, Ger. See Bacillus saprogenes, I, II, III, Rosenbach. Roter Bacillus aus Wasser. See Red bacillus of water. Roter Kartoffelbacillus, Globig. See Bacillus mesenteri- cus ruber, Globig. Rotlaufbacillus. See Bacillus erysipelatos suis, Koch and Loffler, Rotzbacillus. See Bacillus mallei, Loffler. Saccharomyces albi- cans, Robin. Syn., Oidium albicans, Robin. Sac- charomyces apiculatus, Reess. Occurs in fermented wine and beer, and, in the hot seasons, on sweet suc- culent fruits ; in winter, in the soil beneath the trees that bear these fruits; a bottom yeast. Saccharo- myces cerevisiae, Reess and Robin. Syn., Cryfto- coccus cerevisice, Kiitzing, Cryptococcus fermentatum, torula cerevisice, yeast plant. Under this heading are included a series of different over and under yeasts. Saccharomyces conglomeratus, Reess. As the result of Hansen's investigations this species has been dropped by recent writers. Saccharomyces ellip- soideus I, II, Hansen, a " wild " species of wine ferment, II ; gives rise to the muddiness of beer. Saccharomyces exiguus, Hansen. Found in Ger- man yeast ; acts toward sugar exactly as does Sac- charomyces marxianus. Saccharomyces glutinis, Syn., Cryptococcus glutinis, Fersen. A pullulating yeast that forms beautiful rose-colored patches .^n cooked potatoes. Saccharomyces guttulatdls, Robin. Syn., Cryptococcus guttulatus,^-. = aerobic. aKOfJ-. = anaerobic, chg. ~ da.tomogm\c. /acaKoe*-. = facultative anaerobic. //«/-. = liquefac- live. moMoOT. = monomorphic. »io<. - motile. «//?/. = non-liquefactive. b»«o<. = non-motile, k^^. -non-pathogenic. o«/. = obligate, mc/. = oscillating. >i-. —pathogenic. ^Aoi. —phosphorescent ;>feow. = pleomorphic. ia;>. — saprophytic. golden yellow). Sarcina botulina, Van den Corput. Found in cases of poisoning with tainted sausage, (botulismus) and believed to be the active agent. Cf. Bacillus of allantiasis. Sarcina Candida, Reinke. Found in the air of breweries. aer., liqf, npg. Sarcina cerevisise, Lindner. Syn., Pediococcus cerevisice, Balcke. Found in beer and the air of brew- eries, aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. Sarcine de I'estomac. See Sarcina ventriculi, Goodsir. Sar- cina flava, De Bary. Found in beer, aer., liqf, chg. (yellow), npg. Sarcina fuscescens, Falken- heim. Found in the human stomach. Sarcina hya- lina, Kiitzing. Syn., Merismopedia hyalina, Kutz- ing. Found in swamps. Sarcina intestinalis, Zopf. Found in the intestines of chickens and tur- keys, principally in the cecum. Sarcina in the Mouth and Lungs, Fischer. According to De Bary the original description is not sufficiently clear for com- parison. Sarcina litoralis, CErstedt. Syn., Meris- mopedia litoralis, Rabenhorst, Erythroconis , CErstedt. Found in sea water ; forms a thin reddish I'^iyer be- tween decomposing algse on the shore. Sarcina lutea, Schroter. Found in the air, and in fungus cul- tures, aer., liqf, chg. (yellow), npg. Sarcina minuta, De, Bary. Occurred spontaneously in a culture of sour milk on a microscopic slide ; resem- bles Sarcina welckeri. Sarcina mobilis, Maurea. Found in old ascitic fluid, aer., liqf, mot, chg. (brick-red). Sarcina morrhuae. Obtained from codfish. Sarcina of the Lungs. See Sarcina pulmonum, Hauser. Sarcina of the Urine. See Sarcina urinoe, Welcker. Sarcine paludosa, Schroter. Found in bog water. Sarcina pulmo- num, Hauser. Syn., Sarcina of the lungs. Lungen- sarcine, Ger. Found in sputum, air., nliqf, npg. Sarcina reitenbachii, Caspary. Syn., Merismope- dium reitenbachii, Caspary — (also misprinted Reichen- iachii). Found in fresh water on decaying plants. Sarcina renis, Hepworth. Found in the lungs of per- sons dead of pulmonary tuberculosis. Sarcina rosea, Menge. Found in milk and other food-stuffs. Held to -be distinct from the form described by Schroter. aer. , liqf, chg. (rose-red), npg. Sarcina rosea, Schroter. Found in the air. aer., liqf, chg. (intense red, giving same reaction as the pigment of Sarcina aurantiacd), ■ngp. Sarcina urinse, Welcker. Syn. , Merismopedia urines, Rabenhorst. Sarcina of the urine ; sarcine de la urine, Fr. , Hartze. Found in the bladder ; appears to be destitute of zymotic action. Sarcina ventri- culi, Goodsir. Syn., Sarcine de I'estomac, Fr. Ham- sarcine, Ger. Common in the stomach of man and animals. De Bary finds two forms side by side, but offers no information as to their genetic relations, a^r. , nliqf., npg. Sarcina welckeri, Rossmann. Re- peatedly found in the human bladder and voided for months at a time in the urine, which is usually abnor- mally rich in phosphates, the patient retaining good health. Scheidenbacillus. See Bacillus vaginalis, Doderlein. Scheutzia laughlini. Syn., Micrococcus of Dengue, Staphylococcus of Dengue, Dengue Micro- cocci. Found in the blood of patients suffering from dengue. Pathogenetic relations not determined. Schweinerotlaufbacillus. See Bacillus erysipela- tos suis, Koch. Septischer Erdbacillus. See Ba- cillus septicus a^rigenus, Nicolaier. Septischer Spu- tumbacillus. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus ,Y\\igge. Smegma bacillus. See Bacillus of the Smegma. Sphserococcus acidi lactici, Marpmann. Found in fresh cow's milk. aer. , nliqf. , npg. Sphserotilus BACTERIA 184 BACTERIA of persons affected with relapsing fever, aer.y mot. (efforts to cultivate thus far unsuccessful),/^. Spiril- lum of Asiatic cholera. Spirillum of cholera. See Spirillum cholerce asiatica, Koch. Spirillum of Denecke. See SpiriUu7n tyrogenum, Denecke. Spirillum of Finkler and Prior. See Spirillum finkleri. Spirillum of Miller. Syn., Miller's bacillus. P'ound in carious teeth, a'er., facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. Spirillum of Relapsing Fever. See Spirillum obermeieri, Cohn. Spirillum of Smith. Found in the intestines of swine, a'er. , nliqf. , mot., npg. Spirillum plicatile, Dujardin. Syn., Spirochete plicatilis , Ehrenberg ; Spindina plicatilis, Cohn. Found in water containing decomposing algae. Biologic characters undetermined. Spirillum rosa- ceum. Observed upon excrement in water, aer., dig. l^red), npg. Spirillum -rosenbergii, Warming. Found in brackish water. Contains refractive sulphur grains, aer., mot. Spirillum roseum, Mac4. Found in a tube culture of blennor- rhagic pus. aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (rose-red), npg. Spirillum rubrum, von Esmarch. Obtained from the putrefying body of a mouse, wer. , facanaer. , nliqf, mot., chg. (pink), npg. Spirillum rufum, Perty. Found in cistern water. aer., mot., chg. (rose-red), m;)^. Spirillum rugula, MUUer. Syn., Vibrio rugula. Pound in swamp water and frequent- ly in the alimentary canal, on the teeth, etc. aer., facanaer., mot., npg. According to Prazmowski this species gives rise to decomposition of cellulose. Spirillum sanguineum. See Beggiatoa roseo- persicina, Zopf. Spirillum saprophiles a of Weibel. Syn. , Vibrio saprophiles a of Weibel. Found in rotting hay infusion and in the slime of sewers, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Spirillum sapro- philes /3 of Weibel. Syn. , Vibrio saprophiles /?, Weibel. Found in rotting hay infusion, aer. , nliqf , mot., npg. Spirillum saprophiles y of Weibel. Syn., Vibrio saprophiles y, Weibel. Found in the slime of sewers, aer. , nliqf. , mot. , npg. Spirillum serpens, Miiller. Syn., Vibrio serpens, Miiller. Found in stagnant water containing decaying plants, etc. Biologic characters not determined. Spirillum sputigenum. Miller. Common in the neglected mouths of healthy persons. Does not grow on culture media. Spirillum tenue, Ehren- berg. Found in putrefying plant infusions. Biologic characters undetermined. Spirillum tyrogenum, Denecke. Syn., Bacille de Denecke, Fr. Bacillus von Denecke, Kasespirillum, Ger. Spirillum of Denecke, Bacillus of cheese, Denecke's cheese spiril- lum. Found in old cheese, aer., facanaer., liqf. , mot., pg. (for guinea pigs). Spirillum undula, Cohn, Miiller. Syn., Vibrio undula, Miiller; Vibrio prolifer, Ehrenberg. Found in zooglea masses in swamp water, vegetable infusions, etc. aer., mot., npg. Spirillum violaceum. Warming. Found in brackish water; cell contents violet, with a few sul- phur grains. Spirillum volutans, Ehrenberg. Syn., Vibrio spirillum, Miiller ; Melunella spirillum, Borg. Found in infusions and in bog water. Biologic characters undetermined. Spirochaete anserina, Sakharoff. See Spirillum anseruin. Spirochaete denticola. Miller. Spirochaete dentium, Arnt. See Spirillum dentium. Spirochaete obermeieri. See Spirillum obermeieri, Cohn. Spirochaete plicatilis, Ehrenberg. See Spirillum plicatile, Dujardin. Spiro- monas cohnii. Warming. Found in foul water. Spiromonas volubilis, Pertz. Found in putrefy- ing infusions and in bog water. Sporonema gra- cile. See Bacillus virens. Van Tieghem. Spu- tumbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus, Flugge. Stafilococco piogeno aureo, Ital. See Micrococcus pyogenes aureits, Rosenbach. Staphy- lococcus albus liquefaciens, Escherich. Syn., White liquefying staphylococcus. Found in the alvine discharges of healthy infants, aer., liqf., npg. Sta- phylococcus biskrae. See Micrococcus of Heyden- reich. Staphylococcus cereus albus, Passet. See Micrococcus cereus albus, Passet. Staphylococcus cereus aureus, Schroter and Winkler. See Micro- coccus cereus aureus, S. and W. Staphylococcus cereus flavus, Passet. See Micrococcus cereus favus, Passet. Staphylococcus citreus. See Micrococcus citreus. List. Staphylococcus epidermidis albus, Welch. See Micrococcus pyogenes albus, Rosenbach. Staphylococcus pulvus. See Micrococcus pulvus, Cohn. Staphylococcus of Dengue, McLaughlin. See Scheuteia lauhglini. Staphylococcus of pem- phigus, De Michele. Obtained from the skin, kid- ney and spleen of a case of pemphigus chronica. Staphylococcus passetti. See Micrococcus cereus flavus, Passet. Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, Rosenbach. See Micrococcus pyogenes albus, Rosen- bach. Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Ogston, Becker. Syn., Staphylococco pyogeno aureo, Ital. See Micrococcus pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach. Sta- phylococcus pyogenes citreus, Passet. See Micro- coccus pyogenes citreus, Passet. Staphylococcus pyosepticus, Hericourt and Richet. See Micrococcus pyosepticus, Richet. Staphylococcus salivarlus pyogenes, Biondi. See Micrococcus salivarius pyo- genes, Biondi. Staphylococcus viridis flavescens, Guttmann. Syn. , Micrococcus of chicken-pox. Found in the vesicles of varicella, aer., nliqf. , chg. (greenish yellow), npg. Streptococcus acidi lactici, Groten- feldt. Found in coagulated milk in Finland, analr. (not strictly), nliqf. , npg. Streptococcus aethebius. See Micrococcus urea liquefaciens, Flugge. Strepto- coccus albus, Maschek. Syn. ,Weisser Streptococcus, Ger. Found in hydrant water (Freiburg), aer., liqf., npg. Streptococcus apthicola, Hallier. See Strep- tocytus of eczema epitsootica, Schottelius. Strepto- coccus articulorum, Loffler. Syn. , Micrococcus of diphtheria. Obtained from the affected mucous mem- brane in cases of diphtheria. Possibly a variety of Micrococcus pyogenes, pg. (for mice). Streptococcus bombycis. See Micrococcus bombycis, Cohn. Strep- tococcus brevis. Von Lingelsheim. Obtained from normal human saliva, aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Streptococcus cadaveris, Sternberg. Found in the liver of a yellow-fever cadaver. aer., facanaer., nliqf, npg. Probably identical with the pre- ceding species. Streptococcus cinnabareus. See Micrococcus cinnabareus, Fliigge. Streptococcus coli gracilis, Escherich. Found in the feces of healthy children living on a meat diet, aer., facanaer. , liqf. , npg. Streptococcus conglomeratus, Kurth. Obtained from cases of scarlet fever, pg. (for mice). Streptococcus coronatus, Flugge. See Micrococcus coronatus, Flugge. Streptococcus coryzae conta- giosae equorum, Schiitz. Syn., Streptococcus der Druse des Pferdes. Bacterium der Brustseuche des Pferdes, Ger. Bacterium of infectious pneumonia in the horse. Found in the pus from diseased lymphatic glands in horses suffering with infectious pneumonia, the disease being known in Germany as Druse des Pferdes. aer., facanaer., pg. (for horses and mice), Abbreviations.— ofn — aerobic. a«afr — anaerobtc. cA;r. — chronrngenic. /a<:a»af>-. - facultative anaerobic, /w/. — liquefac- tivc. monom. - monomornhlc. mot. - motile, nliqf. - non-liquefactive. nmol. - non-motile, nbg. - non-pathogenic oW. — obligate. oj«/. — oscillating. /*^-. - pathogenic. Moi. - phosphorescent. ;J/fo»i. — pleomorphic; jo>. — saprophytic, w^^^^.^^ BACTERIA 185 BACTERIA npg. (for rabbits, guinea pigs and pigeons). Strep- tococcus des Gelenkrheutnatismus, Leyden. See Bacillus rheumarthritidis , Kussmaul. Strep- tococcus endocarditicus. See Micrococcus endo- cardiHcm rugatus, Weichselbaum. Streptococcus erysipelatis (erysipelatos), Fehleisen. See Micro- coccus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Streptococcus fer- menti. See Micrococcus viniperda. Streptococ- cus giganteus urethrae, Lustgarten and Manne- berg. Found in tlie healthy human urethra, a'er., npg. Streptococcus havaniensis, Sternberg. Found in the acid vomit of a yellow-fever patient. Biologic characters undetermined. Streptococcus insecto- rum, Burrill. See Micrococcus insectorum, Burrill. Streptococcus kochii. See Micrococcus of septi- cemia in rabbits, Koch. Streptococcus lanceolatus pasteuri, Gamal^ia. See Bacillus septicus sputigenus , Fliigge. Streptococcus liquefaciens, Sternberg. Obtained from the intestines and livers of yellow-fever cadavers, aer. , facana'er. , liqf. , npg. Streptococcus longus, von Lingelsheim. See Micrococcus pyogenes , Rosenbach. Streptococcus lucse. See Micrococcus ulceris mollis. Streptococcus manfredii. See Mi- crococcus manfredii. Streptococcus meningitidis. See Micrococcus intercellularis meningitidis, Naumann and Schaffer. Streptococcus monomorphus, Buj- wid, Heryng. Found in benign pharyngeal ulcers. npg. Streptococcus morbillosus. See Micrococcus of measles. Streptococcus nocardi. See Micrococ- cus mastobius, Nocard. Streptococcus ochroleucus. See- Micrococcus ochroleucus. Prove and Legrain. Streptococcus of Bonome. Obtained from the ex- udations ,in the cerebro-spinal meninges and from hemorrhagic extravasations in the lungs, in cases of epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis, pg. (for white mice and rabbits). Streptococcus of granuloma fun- goides, Rindfleisch and Auspetz. See Streptococcus of mycosis fungoides. Streptococcus of Manneberg. Obtained from the urine in cases of acute nephritis. aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg. (for dogs and rabbits). Streptococcus of mastitis in cows. See Micrococ- cus mastobius, Nocard and Mollereau. Streptococcus of mycosis fungoides. Streptococcus of granuloma- fungoides, Rindfleisch and Auspetz. Found in the capillaries and subcutaneous tissue in the parts affected by this disease. Not sufficiently investigated. Strep- tococcus of pus. See Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Streptococcus perniciosus psittacorum, Eberthand Wolf. See Micrococcus psittaci. Wolf. Streptococ- cus pneumoniae, Weichselbaum. See Micrococcus pyogenes, Flugge. Streptococcus putrefaciens. Micrococcus of putrefaction. Refers to any one of the many micrococci found in putrefying substances. Streptococcus pyogenes, Rosenbach. See Micro- coccus pyogenes, Rosenbach. Streptococcus pyo- genes, Saccardo. See Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Streptococcus pyogenes maligni, Krause and Fliigge. Found in necrotic masses in a leukemic spleen, pg. (for mice and rabbits). Streptococcus py- ogenes ure£e,R6rsing. Found in purulent urine. Cf. Micrococcus pyogenes urece flavus, Rorsing. Strepto- coccus radiatus. See Micrococcus radiatus, Flugge. Streptococcus rubiginosus, Edington. Found in cases of scarlatina, tipg. Does not appear till late in the disease. Streptococcus seiferti. See Micrococ- cus influenziB, Letzerich. Streptococcus septicus, Flugge. See Micrococcus septicus ^v.%%e. Streptococ- cus septicus liquefaciens, Babes. Obtained from the blood and viscera of a child who died of septicemia following scarlatina, aer. , liqf. , pg. (for mice and rab- bits). Streptococcus septopysemicus. See Micro- coccus seplopy amicus, Biondi. Streptococcus toxica- tusi See Micrococcus toxicatus, BumW. Streptococcus urese. See Micrococcus urea, Cohn. Streptococcus ureae rugosus, Rorsing. Found in urine. Strep- tococcus variolae. See Micrococcus variola et vac- cines, Cohn. Streptococcus vermiformis, Maschek. Syn. , wurmformiger Streptococcus, Ger. Found in hydrant water (Freiburg), aer., liqf., npg. Streptococque de I'erysipele, Streptococque pyo- gene vrai. See Micrococcus septicus, Flugge. Streptocytus puerperale, Dol^ris. See Bacillus puerperalis, Engel and Spillman. Streptocytus of Eczema epizootica, Schottelius. Syn., Streptococcus apthicola, Hallier. Micrococcus of foot-and-mouth disease. Micrococcus der Maul- und Klauenseuche, Ger., Micrococco del afta epizootica, Ital. Found in vesicular eruptions about the mouth and feet of cattle, pigs and sheep . Communicable to man. aer. , facanaer. Pathogenesis not fully settled. Cf. Bacillus of ulcera- tive stomatitis of calves. Streptothrix foersteri, Cohn. See Cladothrix fcersteri, Cohn. Swine Plague Schizophyte, Detmers. See Bacillus of swine plague, Marseilles, Rietsch and Jobert. Syphilis Bacillus. See Bacillus syphilidis, Lust- garten. Syphilis Bacillus of Eve and Lingard. Obtained in cultures from the blood and diseased tissues of syphilitics who have not undergone mer- curial treatment, aer., chg [paie yellow or brown). Pathogenetic relations not settled. Not stained by Lustgarten's method ; capable of development on blood-serum. Tetanus Bacillus. See Bacillus tetani, Nicolaier. Thiothrix nivea. See Beggiatoa nivea, Rabenhorst. Thiothrix tenuis, Winogradsky. Found in sulphur springs. Thiothrix tenuissima, Winogradsky. Found in sulphur springs. Torula cerevisiae. See Saccharomyces cerevisice, Reess and Robin. Torula urese, Pasteur. See Micrococcus urece, Cohn. Trachomcoccus, Ger. See Micro- coccus of Trachoma, Sattler and Michel. Tripper- coccus, Ger. See Micrococcus gonorrhoea, Neisser. Trommelschlagerbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus pu- trificus coli, Bienstock. Tubercle-bacillus. See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Typhus bacillus. See Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Eberth. Tyrothrix catenula, Duclaux. See Bacilhis calenula, Duclaux. Tyrothrix claviformis, Duclaux. See Bacillus claviformis, Duclaux. Tyrothrix distortus, Du- claux. See Bacillus distortus, Duclaux. Tyrothrix filiformis, Duclaux. See Bacillus filiformis, Duclaux. Tyrothrix geniculatus, Duclaux. See Bacillus geniculatus, Duclaux. Tyrothrix scaber, Duclaux. See Bacillus scaber, 'DvsXaayi. Tyrothrix tenuis, Duclaux. See Bacillus tenuis, Duclaux. Tyrothrix turgidus, Duclaux. See Bacillus turgidus, Duclaux. Tyrothrix urocephalus, Duclaux. See Bacillus urocephalus, Duclaux. Tyrothrix virgula, Duclaux. See Bacillus virgula, Duclaux. Ulvina aceti, KUtzing. See Bacillus aceii, Kiitzing. Uro- bacillus duclauxi, Miquel. Found in sewage and river water, aer., facanaer., mot., liqf. Pathogenesis not determined. Urobacillus freudenreichii, Miquel, Obtained from air, dust, sewage. aer. , liqf. , mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Urobacillus maddoxi, .Miquel. Obtained from sewage and river water. aer., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Urobacillus pasteuri, Miquel. Obtained from . decomposing urine, aer. , liqf. , mot. Pathogenesis not Abbreviations.— o«y. = aerobic, anair. = anaerobic, chg. = chromogenic. facanaer. — facultative anaerobic, liqf. — liquefac- tive. monom. =- monomorphic. mot. = motile, nltqf. — non-liquefactive. nmnt = non-jnotile. npg: — non-pathogenic. oW.- obligate, ojc/. = oscillating. ;>^. — pathogenic. >Aoj. — phosphorescent. ^/. = saprophytic. BACTERIA 186 BAG determined. Urobacillus schiitzenbergii, Miquel. Obtained from sewage and river water, air., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. VerflUssi- gender Bacillus aus Wasser, Ger. Liquefying bacillus of water. See Bacillus aquaticus liquefaciens , Pokrowsky. Vibrio aureus, Weibel. See Spirillum aureum. Vibrio bacillus, Muller, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus ulna, Cohn. Vibrio cholerse. See Spir- illum cholera asiaticce, Koch. Vibrio cyanogenus, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Fuchs. Vibrio flavescens, Weibel. See Spirillum flaveseens, Wei- bel. Vibrio flavus, Weibel. See Spirillum Jlavum, Weibel. Vibrio lineola, Muller and Ehrenberg. See Bacterium lineola, Cohn. Vibrio lingualis. See Spirillum linguce, Weibel. Vibrio metschnikovi, Gamaleia. See Spirillum metschnikovi, Gamaleia. Vibrio nasalis, Weibel. See Spirillum nasale, Weibel. Vibrio proteus. See Spirillum finkleri. Vibrio rugula, Muller. See Spirillum rugula, Muller. Vibrio saprophiles a, Weibel. See Spirillum saprophiles a, Weibel. Vibrio sapro- philes p, Weibel. See Spirillum saprophiles p, Weibel. Vibrio saprophiles 7, Weibel. See Spirillum saprophiles y, Weibel. Vibrio serpens, Muller. See Spirillum serpens, Muller. Vibrio syncyanus, Ehrenberg. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Fuchs. Vibrio synxanthus, Ehrenberg. See Bacil- lus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Vibrio tretnulans, Ehrenberg. See Bacterium lineola, Cohn. Vibrio undula, Muller. See Spirillum undula, Muller. Vibrio Xanthogenus, Fuchs. Bacillus synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Vlbrion butjrrique, Pasteur. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. Vibrion septique. See Bacillus mdematis maligni, Koch. Violet Bacillus. See Bacillus janthinus, Zopf. Violetter Bacillus aus Wasser, Ger. See Bacillus violaceus, Becker. Wasserbacillen, Wasserbacterien, Ger. Bacilli and bacteria of water. Weisser Bacillus aus Wasser. Ger. See Bacillus albus, Becker. Weis- ser Streptococcus, Ger. See Streptococcus albus, Maschek. White Bacillus of Water. See Bacillus albus, Becker. White Liquefying Staphylococcus. See Staphylococcus albus liquefaciens, Escherich. Wunderblut, Ger. See Bacillus prodigiosus, Ehren- berg. Wurzelbacillus, Ger. See Bacillus ramosus, Eisenberg. Wurzelbacillus aus Erde. See Ba- cillus mycoides, Fliigge. Xerosebacillus, Ger. See Bacillus of xerosis epithelialis conjunctivje, Leber. Yellowish-white Micrococcus, Bumm. See Micrococcus subflavus, Fliigge. Ziegelroter Ba- cillus, Adametz. See Bacillus latericeus, Eisenberg. Zooglcea capillorum. Buhl. See Palmellina capil- lorum, Radlkofer. Zoogloea termo, Muller, Cohn. See Bacillus termo, Dujardin. Zooglcea ramigera. A tree-like variety of Cladothrix dichotoma, q. v. Zoogalactina imetropa, Sette. See Bacillus pro- digiosus, Ehrenberg. Zungenbelagvibrio, Ger. See Spirillum linguce, Weibel. Bacteriaceae [bak-te-re-a' -se-e) [/Safcr^piov, a little stick]. A group or order of microscopic fungi ; the same as Schizomycetes. Bacterial [bak-te'-re-al) [PanTfipum, a little stick]. Re- sembling or of the nature of bacteria. Bactericidal [bak-te-ris-ld'-al) [/Sa/tr^pwi^, a little stick; ccedere, to kill]. Destructive to bacteria. Bactericide [bak-te' -ris-ld) [paKT^piov, a little stick ; ccedere, to slay]. I. Destructive to bacteria. 2. An agent that destroys bacteria. Bacte'ridlum [bak-ter-id'-e-um) [fianTvpLov, a little stick: //., Bacteridia']. According to Davaine, a genus of Bacteriaceae characterized by immobility of the elements at all periods of their existence. The distinction does not now obtain. Bacteriemia (bak-te-re-e' -me-ah) [PaKri/piov, a little stick; al/ia, blood]. The presence of bacteria in the blood. Bacterioid [bak-te' -re-oid) [jiaKriipiov , a httle stick; cItSof , form]. Applied to certain microorganisms flour- ishing in and around the roots of leguminous plants, assisting in the accumulation of nitrogen, and giving rise to tubercles. They may be cultivated in artifi- cial media like ordinary bacteria. (Brunchoist, Nobbe, etc.) Bacteriologist {bak-te-re-ol' -o-jist) \_jiaKTiipuyv, a little stick; Uyoi, science]. One who makes a special study of bacteriology. Bacteriology {bak-te-re-ol' -o-je) l^cKT^piov, a little stick ; • /liiyoc, science]. That department of science that is concerned with the study of bacteria. Bacterio-protein (bak-te-re-o-pro'-te-in) [^paKri/puyv, a little stick; wparog, first]. A protein contained in bacteria. Bacterio-purpurin [bak-te-re-o-per'-pu-rin) \^paKT^pwu, a little stick ; purpura, purple]. A peach-colored pigment found by Lankester in the protoplasm of Beggiatoa roseo-persicina. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, ammonia, acetic and sulphuric acids, etc. Bacterioscopic (bak-te-re-o-skop' -ik) \_^aiiT^piov, a little stick; (JKOTTEW, to view]. Pertaining to bacterioscopy. Bacterioscopy (bak-te-re-os' -ko-pe^ \jiaKrripimi, a little stick ; dKOTvccv, to inspect] . The microscopic study of bacteria. Bacterio-therapeutic (bai-te-re-o-ther-ap-u'-tik) [/3a/c- T^pjov, a little stick ; flepaTreio, treatment]. Relating to bacterio-therapy. Bacteriotherapy [bak-te-re-o-ther'-ap-e) [^aia-ripiov, a little stick; depaireia, treatment]. The treatment of disease by the introduction of bacteria into the system. Bacterious [bak-te' -re-us) \_fiaKTijpiov, a little stick]. Bacterial. Bacterium [bak-te' -re-um) \_^a.KTijpiov, a little stick; dim. of PaKTripla, a stick, staff: pi.. Bacteria"], i. A term used to distinguish in a general way some of the simplest microscopic fungi, the Bacteriacece, Fission- fungi, or Schizomycetes, and other closely allied microbes. 2. A genus of short, cylindrical, motile Fission-fungi. Bacteriuria (bak-te-re-u' -re-ah) [^aKT^ptov, a little stick; oipov, urine]. The presence of bacteria in the urine. Bacteroid (bak'-ter-oid) [|8ra/cr^pioii, a little stick ; eldof, form]. Resembling bacteria. Bad Disorder. Synonym of Syphilis. Bader's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Badiaga [bah-de-ah' -gah) [Rus., badyaga"]. A Rus- sian fresh-water sponge, Spongia lacustris, valued as a discutient and as a remover of the marks of bruises. Unof. Badian [ba'-de-an') \badius, bay] . The Star-anise. See Illiciiim. Bael [ba'-el). Same as Bela. Baer's Law. See Law. B. Operations. See Opera- tions, Table of. B. Plane. See Plane. Bag [bag) [AS., boelg']. I. A sac. 2. The scrotum. B., Barnes's. See Barnes's Dilators. B., Politzer's, a soft rubber bag for inflating the internal ear. B. of Abbreviations. — aen = aerobic, awa^n ™ anaerobic, cA.^. « cliromogenic. ^flcnwai'r. ■= facultative anaerobic, //g/. => liquefac- tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. = motile, nliqf, = non-liquefactive, nmoi. = non-motile, npg. ■= non-pathogenic. oW. = obligate, oj^:/. =■ oscillating. /^. == pathogenic. /Ao,r. ■= phosphorescent, ;6/eowi, ™ pleomorphic, jo^. = saprophytic. ,)M ' BAGNIO 187 BALNEOLOGY Waters, the fetal membranes enclosing the liquor amnii, projecting through the os uteri early in labor. The sac usually ruptures when the cervix is dilated. Bagnio (ban'-yo) \\t. , bagno'\. I. A house of prosti- tution. 2. A bath-house. Bailey's Flask. In dentistry, an apparatus for making metal dies. It consists of two semi-elliptic rings of iron — one nearly straight, the other a truncated cone with four keys — jointed so as to fit together. The straight ring is used as a casting-box for the sand as well as a form for the lead ; the other gives the pro- per shape to the zinc. Baillarger's Lines. See Lines, Table of. B. Streak. Same as Baillarger' s Lines. Bain- Marie {bdn-mah-re') [Fr.]. An instrument for immersing solutions, microorganisms, etc., in water or chemical solutions, thus keeping them at a desired temperature. Bain's Method. See Treatment, Methods of ; i^so Arti- ficial Respiration. Bakers' Itch. An eczematous affection of the hands, caused by the irritation of the yeast. B. Salt, a syno- nym of smelling salts, or the subcarbonate of ammo- nia ; it is sometimes used by bakers in leavening cakes. Baker's 'L.c^,^nock-'kaee, or genu valgum. B. Opera- tions. See Operations, Table of. B. Pins, heavy pins used to hold bone surfaces in apposition after resection of a joint. Balance {bal'-ans') [bilanx, a balance]. I. A device or apparatus for weighing ; an indispensable adjunct of the art of pharmacy. 2. The harmonious adjustment of corresponding parts. Balanic ( bal'-an-ik) \_^aKavoq, the glans penis] . Per- taining to the gland of the penis or of the clitoris. Balanism (bal'-an-iem) [^aXavog, acorn ; pessary ; the glans penis] . The application of a pessary or supposi- tory. Balanitis {bal-an-i' -tis) [/SdAueof, the glans penis ; mc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glans penis, sometimes called Balano-posthitis. Phimosis is a fre- quent complication. See Posthitis. Balanoblennorrhea {tal-an-o-blen-o-re> -aK) [/Sd/lowf, the glans ; /j^UwoQ, mucus ; ^oia, a flow] . Gonor- rheal balanitis. Balano-chlamyditis {bal-an-o-klam-id-i'-tis) [/3(iAal-ldn-mon(g)) [Fr.]. The balloon- ing or distending of a part for operative or diagnostic purposes. Balloon (bal-oon') [Mod. E., baloon, a large bag]. In chemistry, a spherical glass receiver with a short neck. B. Sickness. See Anoxyemia &-a&. Hypsonosus . Ballooning' (te/-£>o»'-m^) [Mod. E. baloon, a large bag]. Surgical distention of the vagina by air-bags or water- Ballota {bal-o'-taK) [/SaAAuTiy, black hoarhound]. A genus of labiate plants. B. nigra, or black hoarhound, was formerly much used in medicine. B. (or Hyptis) suaveolens, of the E. and W. Indies, has been lately introduced into general practice as a powerful and yet safe nervin, antilithic, diuretic, evacuant, and laxative remedy. Unof. B. lanata, of N. Asia, has similar uses. Unof. Ballottement (bal-of -mon^g) ) [Fr. , from ballotte, a ball]. A method of diagnosticating pregnancy from the fourth to the eighth month. A push is given the uterus by the finger inserted into the vagina, and if the fetus be present, it will rise and fall again like a heavy body in water. Ball's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Balm {bakm) \balsamum, a balsam]. A popular syn- onym of balsamum. Any soothing application or ointment. B. of Gilead. See Balsam, Abies, and Melissa. Balmony (bal'-mo-ne) [origin uncertain]. The herb Chelone glabra ; cathartic and anthelmintic. Dose of the fid. ext. gss-j. Chelonin, the concentrated ext. Dose gr. j-iv. Unof. Balneography {bal-ne-og'-rafe) [balneum, a bath ; y(>a.(pri, a writing], A treatise on bathing. Balneology (bal-ne-ol' -o-je) [balneum, a bath; Myo(, science]. The science of baths and their effects upon the system. BALNEOTHERAPEUTICS 188 BANDAGE Balneotherapeutics (bal-ne-o-ther-ap-u' -tiks). 'S>^& Bal- neotherapy. Balneotherapy (bal-ne-o-ther' -ap-e^ [balneum, a bath ; Sepanda, healing]. Systematic bathing for therapeutic purposes, or the treatment of disease by baths or bathing. Balneum (ial'-ne-um) [L.]. A bath. See Balh. B. arenae, a sand bath. See Ammofkerapy. B. lacteum, a milk bath. B. luteum, a mud-bath. See Illutation. B. pneumaticum, an Air-bath, q. v. Balonea {bal-c/ -ne-ah). See Valonia. Balsam {bawl' -sani) [fibXaafiov, the resin of the balsam tree]. The resinous, volatile, aromatic substance, liquid or concrete, obtained from certain trees by natural exudation or by artificial extraction. Balsams are divided into two classes, those with, and those without, benzoic and cinnamic acids. In general they are mixtures of various essential oils, resins, and acids. B. Apple, the plant Momordica balsamina, and its warty, gourd-like fruit. It is purgative, but its tincture is chiefly used in domestic medicine as a vulnerary. Unof. B. Bog^, a singular stone-like, woody, umbelli- ferous plant, Bolax or Azorella glebaria, of the Falk- land Islands and Patagonia. Its aromatic gum is locally prized as a vulnerary, desiccative, and anti-gon- orrheal remedy. Unof. B., Canada, a turpentine gathered from the natural blisters of the bark of Abies bahamum. It is much used as a mounting medium by microscopists. B. of Copaiba. See Copaiba. B. of Fir. Same as Canada Balsam. See Abies. B., Friar's. See Benzoin. B. of Gilead, the balm of the Old Testament ; an oleo-resin obtained from the Balsamodendron gileadense. B. of Peru, the balsam obtained from Toluifera pereirtE ; antiseptic, stimulant to the circulation, and sedative to the nervous system ; generally a tonic, and expectorant in bronchitis. Ap- plied locally it is useful in chronic inflammatory skin- diseases. Dose of the emulsion tTLx-xxv. B.-root, a popular name for certain composite-flowered plants of the genus Balsamorrhiza. B. hookerii, B. macro- phylla, B, sagittata are common in the Pacific States and are rich in a resinous balsam. Unof. B. of Tolutan, or of Tolu, obtained from Toluifera bal- samum. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, toluene. It possesses an agreeable odor, and is a basis for many cough-mixtures. It is a fair expectorant. T. Tinct. contains ten per cent, of the balsam in 90 per cent, of alcohol. Dose n\,x-xxx. T. Syr., balsam four parts; simple syrup 96. Dose^j-ij. Balsamation {bawl-sam-a' -shun) [0&/U7a/iov, the resin of the balsam tree]. Embalmment with balsamic or aromatic spices. Balsamic {bawl' -sam-ik) [^dXaa/iov , the resin of the balsam tree]. Having the nature or qualities of a balsam. Balsamine {bawl-sam-in) [^dlaajiov, balsam]. Any plant of the genus Impatiens, q. v. Balsamito {bawl' -sam-e' -to) [Sp. ] . A tincture of balsam of Peru in rum ; anthelmintic, diuretic, and tonic ; it is used externally as a cosmetic and a stimulant wash for sores. Unof. Balsamodendron {bawl-sam-o-den'-dron). See Myrrh and Bdellium. Balsams {bawl'-samz) [ji/iXnaiioV, the resin of the bal- sam tree]. The natural, thick solutions of the gum resins in the essential oils and turpentines. See Resins. Balsamum {bal'-sam-uni) \fib,\aajiov, balsam: gen., Balsami']. A balsam, q. v. B. dipterocarpi. See Gurjun Balsam. Balser's Fatty Necrosis. See Diseases, Table of. Bambalia {bam-ba'-le-ah\ [L.]. Stammering; thick- ness of speech, or other impediment to utter.ance. Bamberger's Fluid. An albuminous mercuric com- pound used in the treatment of syphilis. It is made as follows : To loo c.c. of a filtered solution of white of egg (containing 40 c.c. of albumin and 60 c.c. of water) there are added 60 c. c. of a solution of mercu- ric chlorid (containing 5 per cent. , or 3 grams, of bichlorid of mercury) and 60 c.c. of a solution of sodium chlorid (containing 20 per cent.) ; finally, go grams of distilled water are added, which brings the bulk of the solution up to 300, containing o.oio mercuric chlorid in every cubic centimeter. Bamboo {bam-boo') [E. \vA.,bambu\ A popular name for many tree-like, woody-stemmed grasses, es-^ pecially those of the genus Bambusa. Apart from a limited use in surgery, none of the bamboos is em- ployed in regular medicine. Locally, B. arundi- nacea is employed as an alterative, anthelmintic, and depurative. Unof. See also Tafasheer. B. Brier, the root of Smilax sarsaparilla, habitat. Southern United States. Its properties are identical with those of sarsaparilla. Dose of the fld. ext. 5 ss-ij. Unof. Banana (banan'-ah) [Sp.]. The root of the common banana, Musa sapientum, said to be a valuable altera- tive, and useful in strumous affections. Dose of the fld. ext. X\, x-xxx. Unof. 'Ba.-ai {band) \M.Y.. , bande^ That which binds. A stripe. A ligament. B., Axis, Baer's primitive streak. B., Belly, a band to pass around the abdo- men. B., Head, a strap for securing a mirror to the forehead. B., Horny, of Tarinus, the fore part of the tenia semicircularis. B., Moderator. See B., Reits. B., Reil's, a fibrous muscular fillet that frequently extends across the right ventricle of the heart; it is called also the moderator band. B. of Remak. See Fiber, axial; also Purkinje, Axis Cyl- inder of. B. of Tarinus. See B., Homy. Bandage {ban'-daj) [Fr. , bande, a strip]. Bandages are usually strips of muslin or other material, of vary- ing widths and lengths, used in surgery for the purpose of protecting, compressing, etc. , a part, or for the re- tention of dressings and applications. A simple ban- dage or roller consists of one piece ; a compound, of two or more pieces. Starch, plaster-of-Paris, silica, dextrin, tripolith, etc., etc., are used or recom- mended for making stiff' and immovable dressings or bandages. According to their direction bandages are classed as : I. Circular, circular turns about the part. 2. Figure-of-8, the turns crossing each other like that figure. 3. Oblique, covering the part by ob- lique turns. 4. Recurrent, the turns returning suc- cessively to the point of origin. 5. Spica, the turns resembUng the arrangement of the husks of an ear of corn. 6. Spiral, each turn covering one-half of the preceding. 7. .^taVa/rd'i'f^jf, the bandage is reversed in order to better adapt it to the part. Bandages are also classed according to the part to which they are applied. Of Bandages of the head we have : i. Circular, of the forehead, to retain dressings upon the head. 2. Circular, of the eyes. 3. Crossed, of the ifj/w, to hold dressings upon one or both eyes. 4. T.,of , the eye, a small piece of muslin cut in the shape of a right-angled triangle, and sufficiently large to cover the eye, is sewn by its base, with the peipendicular toward the ear, to a horizontal strip of a length to encircle the head. The apex of the triangle is sewn to a vertical strip long enough to pass under the jaw and meet the horizontal strip on the opposite side. $.' Crossed, of the angle of the jaw, to support the parts in fracture of the angle of the jaw. 6. Knotted, of the head, a double-headed roller with compress, to make compres- sion in wound of the temporal artery. 7. Recurrent, of the head, a single-headed or double-headed roller, to BANDAGES 189 BANDAGES BANDAGES. Crossed Bandage of both Eyes. T-Bandage of the Eye. Recurrent Bandage of the Head. Four-tailed Bandage of the Head. Four-tailed Bandage of the Head. Barton's Bandage. Transverse Recurrent of the Head. Agnew's Bandage. Posterior Figure-of-8 Bandage of the Chest. The Six-tailed Bandage of Galen. , Suspensory and Compressor Bandage of the Breast. Spica Bandage of Shoulder. Gibson's Bandage. Anterior iigure-of-8 Bandage ol the Chest. Spiral of the Chest. BANDAGES 190 BANDAGES Eight-tailed Bandage of the Abdomen, Double Spica Bandage of the Groins. Ascending Spica of the Groin. Figure-of-8 of the Elbow. Velpeau's Bandage. Desault's Bandage. Recurrent Bandage of Stump. Demi-Gauntlet Bandage. Modified Figure-of-8 Bandage of the Lower Extremity. Spiral F.eversed of the Forearm (or Leg). Spiral Bandage of the Finger. Spica of the Foot. BANDAGE 191 BANTING TREATMENT retMn dressings upon the head. 8. Four-tailed, of the head, a piece of cloth eight inches wide and long enough to pass over the head and under the chin, is torn from either end to within three or four inches of the middle. The body of the bandage is placed on the top of the head, the posterior ends are tied under the cMn, and the two anterior ends carried backward and tied at the nape of the neck. 9. Gibson^ s, for the body of the lower jaw, to support the parts in fracture. 10. Rhea Barton' s , iox the same purpose. II. Capeline or Mitra Hippocratis ; made by a double-headed roller (one which is rolled from each end, the two heads lying on the same side of the bandage and being of equal size). One roll being taken in each hand, the ■ intervening strip is applied low down over the center of the forehead, and the bandage unrolled on either side until the two heads meet posteriorly below the occipital protuberance, From this point the two rollers are applied in different directions, one passing continuously around the head in a circle, the other forward and backward over the cranium until the latter is entirely covered. 12. Galen's six-tailed bandage; the bandage is so arranged that it has three strips at each end. The middle portion is placed on the crown of the head, the anterior ends are tied at the back of the neck, the middle under the chin, and the posterior at the forehead. 13. Gflr^-rfjo^'j, a bandage for the lower jaw, passing above the forehead and back again to cross under the occiput, and finally ending in front of the chin. 14. Pressure-bandage, an eye^bandage applied with a considerable degree of firmness in order to afford pressure. 15. Protective-bandage, a bandage for the eye, lightly applied. 16. Hamilton's, a form of compound bandage for the lower jaw, consisting mainly of a firm leather strap to support the jaw. 17. Liebreich's, a variety of bandage for the eye, made from a knitted-cotton band. 18. Thillaye's, a com- pound bandage for joining the edges of the wounds in hare-lip operation. Of Bandages of the trunk there are: I. Circular, of the neck. 2. Figure-of-8, of the neck and axilla, to retain dressings upon the shoulder or in the axilla. 3. Anterior figure-of-8, of chest, to draw the shoulder forward and to retain dressings on the anterior surface of the chest. 4. Pos- terior figure-of 8 , of chest, to draw the shoulders back in fractured clavicle, or to retain dressings on the posterior surface of the chest. $. Crossed, of one or both breasts, to support the breasts in excessive lacta- tion or in mammary disease. 6. Spica, of shoulder, to retain the head of the humerus in place after disloca- tion. 7. Spiral, of the chest, to make compression in fracture of the sternum or ribs. 8. Circular, of the abdomen, to support the abdominal walls. 9. Spiral, of the abdomen, to compress the abdominal walls or to retain dressings. 10. Spica, of one or both groins, to compress groin or retain dressings. 11. Spiral reverse, of the penis, to retain dressings upon this organ. The Bandages of the arm are : l. Circular, of the wrist. 2. Figure-of-8, of wrist, to compress the joint or retain dressings. 3. Figure-of-8, of elbow. 4. Circular, of arm or forearm. 5. Oblique , of arm or forearm. 6. Spiral, of arm, to retain dressings. 7. Spiral reverse, of upper extremity, to support the arm in dislocations, fractures, etc. ^. Velpeau's, used to support the arm in fracture of the clavicle, the neck, or acromial process of the scapula. The hand of the injured side being placed on the sound shoulder, an oblique turn is made from the axilla of the sound side, across the back of the chest to the opposite shoulder, covering the fracture, down under the elbow in front to axilla of the sound side, then across the back over the outside of the point of the elbow to the axilla of the sound side, thus continuing the oblique and cir- cular turns alternately and advancing over the arm till it is held firmly. 9. Desault's Apparatus, consists of an axillary pad held by tapes about the neck, a sling for the hand, and two single-headed rollers. The forearm is placed at right angles with the humerus, held in place by many circular and oblique turns about the shoulder and body. 10. Bayer's, a form of apparatus consisting of a chest-belt, an arm -belt, and an axil- lary pad. It is used in treating fractured clavicles. The Bandages of the hand are: l. Spiral, of the finger. 2. Spiral, of all the fingers, or gauntlet. 3. Spiral, of palm, or demi-gauntlet. 4. Spica, of thumb. All the bandages of the hand are used in cases of frac- ture or to retain dressings. The Bandages of the lower extremity are: I. Figure-of-8, of ankle, to cover the part or retain dressings. 2. Figure-of-8 , of knee, to cover the part or compress it. 3. Figure-of- 8, of thighs, to compress the part after wounds or operations. 4. Spica, of instep, to compress the parts. 5. Spiral reverse, of whole lower extremity, to support the limb after fracture, etc. 6. Baynton's, a series of straps of adhesive plaster used in the treatment of i chronic leg ulcers. 7- PibbaiPs, a spica bandage of the foot. B., Genga's. See B., Theden's. B., Heliodorus's. The T-bandage. B., Hippocrates'. See B., Capeline. B., Hueter's, a spica bandage for the perineum. B., Langier's, a many-tailed paper bandage. B., Larrey's, a form of many-tailed band- age, the edges being glued together. B., Maison- neuve's, a variety of Plaster-of- Paris bandage, formed from cloths folded, these being supported by other bandages. B. of the Poor. See Galen's Bandage. B., Recurrent, for stumps, is used after amputations, to support the flaps. B., Richet's, a form of Plaster- of- Paris bandage to which a small amount of gelatin has been added. B. of Scultetus, a, compound bandage, similar to a spiral reverse in appearance and action, used in compound fractures, so that the short pieces of which it is composed may be removed with- out motion of the limb. T-Bandages are compound, and resemble that letter ; the menstrual napkin is an example. B., Theden's, a form of roller bandage applied from below upward over a graduated com- press, to control hemorrhage from a limb. See Hand- kerchief Dressing, Bandager (ban'-da-jer) [Fr., bande, a strip]. One skilled in the application of bandages. See Dresser. Bandagist (ban' -da-jist) [Fr., bande a strip] . A maker of trusses, bandages, and other surgical appliances to be worn upon the person. Banded Hair [ban'-ded hdr). See Pinged Hair. Bandl, Operation of. See Operations, Table of. B., Ring of, the superior limit of the cervical canal, in pregnancy at a level with the pelvic inlet, marking the boundary between the lower uterine segment and the rest of the uterus. It is about six inches above the os externum. Bandolin [ban'-do-lin) [origin uncertain] . A mucilage made usually of quince-seeds, or of gum-tragacanth, used mainly as a paste for confining the hair and making it lustrous ; it is called siso fixature. See Cydonium. Bandy Leg [ban' -de leg). Bow-leg, q. v. Baneberry {ban' -ber-e) . See Aetata. Bang, Bhang, or Bangue {bang). See Cannabis indica. Banian {ban'-yan) [Ar., banyan, a trader]. A South Asiatic fig-tree, Ficus bengalensis, remarkable for the development of roots and secondary trunks from its branches. Its juice is antodontalgic ; the bark and seeds tonic, diuretic, and antipyretic. Unof. Banks's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Banting Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of. BANTINGISM 192 BARKING Bantingism {ban' -ting-izm) [From Banting, the name of the inventor]. A method proposed for the reduc- tion of corpulence, by abstinence from saccharine and farinaceous foods. See Treatment, Methods of. Banyan (ban' -yari). See Banian. Baobab Tree. See Adansonia digitata. Baptin [bap' -tin) [/SdTrnffif, a dipping]. A moderately purgative glucosid, obtainable from Baptisia tinc- toria. Baptisia (bap-tiz'-e-aK) [/3d7rTi(Wf, a dipping]. Wild Indigo. The root bark of B. tinctoria with proper- ties due to an impure glucosid, the so-called Baptisin. It is laxative and stimulant in moderate doses ; emetic and cathartic in large doses, and is valuable in amenor- rhea, typhus and typhoid fevers. It is excellent for local application to indolent ulcers and gangrenous sores. B., Extract. Dose gr. j-x. B., Ext. Fid. Dose rT\,ij-xx. B. , Tinct. Dose Tr\^v-xxx. Dose of the resin gr. j— v. All unof Baptisin (bap'-tiz-in) [^jiairTiaic , a dipping]. I. A pre- cipitate from the tincture of Baptisia tinctoria ; anti- septic, evacuant, ecbolic, resolvent. Dose one to three grains. Unof. 2. A bitter glucosid obtainable from the plant, Baptisia tinctoria ; it has little medicinal activity. 'Ba.'pt\toTsin[l>ap-tit-oks' -in) [/3d7rT(iT(c, a dipping; to^lk6v, a poison] . A poisonous alkaloid obtained from Baptisia tinctoria. It hastens respiration and exaggerates vaso- motor activity. Baptorrhea [bap-tor-e'-ah) [/Sdirrof, infected ; /lieiv, to flofflf]. Any infectious discharge from a mucous sur- face, as gonorrhea. Baptothecorrhea (bap-to-the-kor-e'-ah) [/Jdrrrof, in- fected ; ff^/c//, vagina ; pksiv, to flow]. Gonorrhea in women. Bapturethrorrhea (bap-tu-rsth-ro-re' -ah) [panro^, in- fected; oipi^Spa, urethra ; ptuv, to flow]. Urethral gonorrhea ; gonorrhea of men. Baranilin {bar-an' -il-in) \_jiaph(, heavy; anilin']. Heavy anilin oil. See Heavy Oil and Creasote Oil. Baiaquei [bar-aA-i7vet') [Fr.]. Synonyra o{ /nfiuenza. Barb {barb) [barba, a beard]. I. In biology, the retrorse tooth of an awn or prickle. 2. One of the narrow acute plates diverging from the rachis and going to form the vane of a feather. Barba {bar' -bah) [L.]. The beard. Barbadoes Leg {bar-ba'-doz leg). See Elephantiasis Arabum. B. Nut. See Purging Nut. B. Tar, a form of bitumen {q. v.) formerly employed in medicine. Barbaloin {bar-bal' -o-in) [Barbadoes; oKini, aloe], Cj^HjjO,. The aloin derived from Barbadoes aloes. Barbarossa's Pills. A mercurial preparation con- taining in addition rhubarb, scamraony, musk, etc. Barbasco {bar-bas'-ko) [verbascum, mullein]. A com- posite-flowered plant of tropical America, the Cliba- dium biocarpum. The stalks are used in preparing hair-washes, and are said to restore gray hair to its natural color. The plant is also used in eye-troubles. It is said to be very poisonous. Unof. Barbellate {bar-bel' -at) [barbella, dim. of barba, a beard]. In biology, applied to the bristles of the pappus of some compositae when beset with short, stiff hairs, longer than when denticulate, but shorter than when plumose. Barben Cholera {bar-ben kol'-er-ah). A form of poi- soning resulting, in Central Europe, from the eating of the barb. Barber's Itch {bar'-berz ich) . The disease called Tinea barbce, Sycosis parasituria, or Tinea sycosis, q. V. Barberry {bar' -ber-e). See Berberis. B. Gum, a commercial name of certain varieties of gum-arabic. Barber-Surgeon {bar'-ber ser'-jun) [barba, a beard; ME., sourgeon'\. Formerly, a barber who also prac- tised surgery. Barbicel {bar' -bis-el) [barbicella, dim. of barba, a beard]. In biology, one of the fringes of a barbule of a feather. Barbiers {bar'-berz) [E. Ind.]. A paralytic affection common in India, and probably a myelitis. It is often confounded with beriberi. Barbigerous {bar-bi/ -er-us) [barba, a beard ; gerere, to carry]. In biology, bearded; hirsute; coarsely pubescent ; applied to petals. Barbotine {bar-bo-teen') [Fr. , wormwood]. Levant worm-seed. Barbule {bar'-bul) [barbula, dim. of barba, beard]. In biology, one of the fringes of the barb in a feather, going to make up the vane of the barb, as the barbs make the vane of the feather. Barclay's Angles. See Angle. B.'s Plane. See Plane. Barcoo {bar'-koo) [Australian]. A peculiar disease, marked by nausea and vomiting, common in Australia. Its cause is unknown. It is also called " Fly-sick- ness. ' ' Bardana {bar-da' -nah) [L.]. The burdock. See Lappa. Bardeleben's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bardenheuer's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Barden's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Baregin {bar-a'-zhin). See Glaisin. Baresthesiometer {bar-es-the-ze-om' -et-er) [^dpog, weight ;. ala&?;atQ, perception ; fiirpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the weight-sense in disturb- ances of sensibility. Baresthesiometric {bar-es-the-ze-o-mef -rik) [/3dpof, weight; aiad?iaig, perception; fihpov, a measure]. Relating to the baresthesiometer. Bareswill's Solution. A solution for the detection of sugar in the urine. It consists of sulphate of copper, acid potassium tartrate and sodic hydrate. See Tests, Table of. Barford's Test. See Tests, Table of. Baric {ba'-rik) \fia.po^, heavy]. Pertaining to or con- taining barium. Barilla {bar-il'-ah) [Fr., barille, impure soda]. Impure sodium carbonate ; being the ashes obtained by burn- ing various chenopodiaceous plants of the genera Salicornia and Salsola. Barium (ba'-re-um) \fi6,paQ, heavy]. Ba= 136.8; quantivalence II. A metal of the alkaline group, of pale yellow color, characterized by a strong affinity for oxygen. Neither the metal nor its salts are much employed in medicine ; all are poisonous. B. Car- bonate, BaCO,, used in the preparation of the chlorid. B. Chlorid, BaClj.2H20, soluble, used as a reagent, and also as a cardiac and vasomotor stimulant in the treatment of aneurysm. Dose gr. ss-v. B. Chlorid Test. See Tests, Table of. B. dioxid. BaOj, used for making aqua hydrogenii dioxid. B . iodid, formerly used as an alterative. Dose gr. \. Mainly employed in ointments. Unof. B. monohydrate, caustic baryta; reagent. B. oxid, BaO, baryta. B. sul- phate, BaSO^, used as a pigment ; formerly used in the treatment of skin-diseases, and in lotions. Bark {bark) [ME., barked The cortex or covering surrounding the wood of exogens. It is sometimes used as a synonym of cinchona or calisaya bark. B. Peruvian. See Cinchona. (For other barks, see the names of the plants or trees that produce them. ) Barker's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Barking {bar' -king). [ME., barken, to bark.] The uttering of a peculiar sharp, short cry, as a dog. See BARLERIA 193 BASE Aboiement. B. Disease, a guttural, barking cough, with nervous disorder and impairment of the will ; cynobex hebetis. Barleria [bar-le'.-re-ah) [L.]. A genus of acanthaceous plants. B. buxi^olia and B. ciliata, of India, are aperient. B. prionitis, of S. Asia, is employed as a polychrest. Unof. Barley (bar'-le) [ME., borly\. A cereal belonging to the order Graminecs ; the most common variety, Hordeum distichon, is much used as a food, and also in the preparation of malt. B. Decoct. (B. P.). Dose 5J-iv. B. Pearl, is the decorticated grain, rounded and polished. B. Water, decoctum hordei, a decoction consisting of two ozs. of Pearl B. boiled in one and one-half pints of water and afterward strained. See Ptisan. B. Sugar, saccharum hordea- tum ; practically a glucose. Applied also to an amor- phous mass obtained by melting cane-sugar. Barnes's Curve. In obstetrics, the segment of a cir- cle, having for its center the sacral promontory, its concavity looking backward. B.'s Dilators, gradu- ated rubber bags used for dilating the cervix uteri in the induction of abortion or premature labor. B.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Barograph (bar' -o-graf) \fiapoi, weight ; ypa^uv, to record]. A self-registering barometer. Baromacrometer (bar-o-mak-rom'-et-er) \_liapo(, weight; fiaicp6(, long; /isTpov, measure]. An apparatus for ascertaining the weight and length of new-born infants. Barometer {bar-om' -et-er) I0dpoi, weight; iihpav, a measure] . An instrument for determining the weight and tension of the atmosphere. It consists essentially of a glass tube about 36 inches long, closed at one end, filled with mercury, and inverted in a basin of iner- cury. The mercury will sink in the tube until it rests at a height of about 30 inches at the sea-level, the height varying as the atmospheric pressure increases or diminishes. B., Aneroid, a metallic box from which the air has been exhausted, the tension being indi- cated by the collapsing or bulging of the thin corru- gated cover, which is connected with a movable index. B.-maker's Disease, a form of chronic mercurial poisoning among the workmen who make barometers. It is due to the inhalation of the fumes of mercury. Barometrograph {bar-o-met'-ro-graf). See Barograph. Baroscope {bar' -o-skop) \^l3apog, weight ; aKoirelv, to ' observe]. An instrument used for determining the loss of weight of a body in air, compared with its weight in a vacuum. A form of baroscope has been invented by Esbach for the quantitative determination of urea. Barosma (bar-oz'-mah) Ipapog, heavy ; ba/i^, smell] . A plant of the order Rutacece, native to the Cape of Good Hope and vicinity ; several species of which yield the Buchu of commerce. Barosmin {bar-oz' -min) [ISapog, heavy; bafi^, smell]. A precipitate from the tincture of Barosma crenata. Dose grs. ij-iij. Unof. Barras [bar' -as) [Fr.]. Turpentine obtained in the S. of France, chiefly from Pinus pinaster. Barrel-shaped Chest. See Emphysema. Barrenness {bar' -en-nes) [ME., bareynesse]. Sterility in the female. Barrier's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Barruel's Apparatus. An arrangement for charging water with carbonic acid. Barsac (bar-sahk') [Fr.]. A white French wine, often with a bitter-sweet, resinous flavor. Bartholin, Canal of. See Duct. B., Duct of. See Duct. B., Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of. B., Glands of. See Gland. Bartholinitis {bar-tho-lin-i' -tis) {Bartholin, a Danish 13 physician ; ■ «r(f , inflammation] . Inflammation of the vulvo-vaginal gland. Bartisch's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bartlett's Apparatus. A splint or dressing for frac- ture of the clavicle with dislocation. Barton's Bandage.' See Bandage. B. Fracture. %^^ Fracture and Diseases,. Table of. B. Handker- chief, a form of temporary dressing for a wound. See Handkerchief Dressing. B. Operations. See; Opera- tions, Table of. Baruria {bar-u' -re-ali) \fi(ipo^, heavy ; oipov, urine]. Abnormally high specific gravity of the urine ; also the condition of the body associated therewith. Barwell's Apparatus. An apparatus for the treatment of talipes by means of continuous traction on the foot. B. Operations. See Operations, Table of. Barwood Red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Baryacoia {bar-e-ak-oi'-ah'). See Baryecoia. Baryecoia (bar-e-ek-oi'-dh) [_papv!iKoia, hardness of hear- ing] . Hardness of hearing ; partial deafness. Baryencephalia [bar-e-en-sef-a'-le-ah) [flapif, heavy; Ey/c^^a/lof, brain]. Dulness of intellect. Baryglossia {bar-e-glos' -e-ah) \fiapv^, heavy; ykaaaa, a tongue]. Thick, slow utterance. Barylalia {bar-e-la'-le-ah) USaphg, heavy; Xalia, speech]. Thickness and dulness of speech; bary- phonia. Barymastia [bar-e-mas' -te-afi) {^apiig, heavy ; /laarSg, breast] . Same as Barymazia. Barymazia (bar-e-ma' -ze-aK) \fiafyi)^, heavy; /Midi, breast]. Heaviness or large size of the mammfe. Baryodmia (bar-e-od'-me-ah) [/3np!'f , heavy ; bd/ii/, odor]. A heavy, disagreeable odor ; also a subjective sensation as of a disagreeable smell. Baryodynia (bar-e-o-din'-e-ah) l_l3apvg, heavy; bdvvt], pain]. Severe pain. Baryphonia (bar-e-fo'-ne-ah) \_l3api)g, heavy ; (puvii, a voice]. A difficulty of speech. Baryphonic (bar-e-fon'-ih) [/3a/)t>f, heavy ; (j>uv^, voice]. Affected with baryphonia. Barysomatia (bar-e-so-ma' -she-aK) \^ap'og, heavy ; aajia, body] . Excess in the weight of the body. Baryta, or Barytes [bar-i'-tah, or bar-i'-tes) \_0apvg, heavy]. Oxid of barium. See Barium. B. Green. Same as Manganese Green. Barythymia {bar-e-thim' -e-aK) \Jiap{ig, heavy ; Svjibg, mind]. A melancholy, gloomy, or sullen state of , mind. Basaal [ba'-sa-al) [Malay]. An East Indian tree, Embelia basal ; its fruit is a vermifuge ; its leaves are soothing and demulcent. Unof Basad (ba'-sad) \_p&aiQ, u. foundation]. Toward the basal aspect. Basal (ba'-sal) [^pdatc, a foundation]. Pertaining to or located at the base. See Basilar. B. Ganglia. See Ganglion. Basanastragala (bas-an-as-trag' -al-ah) \fi6.aavog, tor- ture; amphyakog, heel, ankle]. Gout in the heel or ankle. ^&&z\yia.\.\.on.(bas-ku-la'-shiiri) \Yx. ,basculer,\.o swing]. The movement by which retroversion of the uterus is corrected when the fundus is pressed upward and the cervix drawn downward. Bascule Movement {bas'-kul moov'-ment) [Fr. , bas- cule, a swing]. The recoil of the heart in its systolic motion. Base {pas') [^iiaiQ, a foundation]. The lower part, as, the base of the brain. Inxhemistry, an element or radicle that combines with an acid to form a salt. The electro-positive molecrile or radicle of a compound. In dentistry, the plate upon which artificial teeth are held. In pharmacy, the most important part of the prescription. BASE-BALL PITCHER'S ARM 194 BASILYST In microscopy, the portion of the stand of a micro- scope upon wliich it rests. It is important for steadi- ness. In electro-therapeutics, the part of a battery upon which are fastened the coil-posts and switches. B., for Artificial Teeth ; in the construction of a base for artificial teeth, a transfer or model of plaster-of- Paris is first obtained. Then a metallic die and counter-die, if the base is to be of metal, are procured, and between these a plate of suitable size and thick- ness is swaged. See Metallic Base and Vulcanite Base. B., Organic, a term including a large number of organic compounds, especially nitrogen compounds, which, like ammonium, unite with acids to form salts. They are commonly called alkaloids. Base-ball Pitcher's Arm, a peculiar condition of the arm arising from over-use, characterized by loss of strength, tenderness, neuralgic pains, and inflamma- tion and hypertrophy of the bone. Basecphysis {bas-ek' -fiz-is) [/Sairif, a base, a foot ; iKait, a loosen- ing]. The breaking up of the fetal skull in crani- otomy, Basilyst {bas' -il-ist) [/3cS(7(f, a base ; Uaiq, a loosen- ing]. An instrument for use in craniotomy, designed BASIN 195 BATH to perforate the cranial vault and break up the base of the skull. Basin {ba'-sin) [ME., *(wm]. I. The third ventricle of the brain. 2. The pelvis. B.-Trap. A trap or seat in the outlet of the basin of a water-closet, placed there to prevent the entrance into the apartment of noxious and offensive vapors and gases. Basinasal (ioj-^-Mfl'-ia/) [^ajir, base; wajKj, the nose]. Relating to the basion and the nasion. Basinerved [bas'-in-ervd) [basis, a base ; nervus, nerve]. In biology, applied to a leaf having all the ' veins or nerves springing from the base. .Basi-occipital{i5aj-«-ff^-.r^'-zV-a/) [/Saffif , base ; occiput, ■ the back of the head]. A bone, separate in many of the lower vertebrate animals, forming the central ' axis of the skull. In adult human life, it is the basilar process of the occipital bone. Basiocestrum (bas-e-o-ses' -truni) [(Samf, base ; Kiarpov, a point]. A perforator for use in opening the fetal head in craniotomy. Basio-glossus [bets-e-o-glos' -us) [/Saffif , base ; yMffao, the tongue]. That part of the hyoglossus muscle that ■ is attached to the base of the hyoid bone. Basion (ba'-se-on) [_pdaig, base]. In biology, a point of measurement in craniometry, located at (ie middle ' of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. See Craniometric Points. Basiophthalmite (bas-e-off-thal' -mii) \filwLg, a base ; 6^a7i/i6(, eye]. In biology, the basal joint of the eye- stalk in a stalk-eyed crustacean. Basiotic [bas-e-of -ik') [jSatrjf, base ; oif , ear]. Relat- ing to the base of the ear. Basiotribe (pas' -e-o-trtb) \j^a.aiQ, base ; Tpi/leiv, to grind or crush] . An instrument used in craniotomy for per- forating or crushing the fetal head. Basiotripsy (bas-e-ot'-rip-se) [^aaiq, base ; Tpl§ti,v, to grind or crush]. The operation of crushing the fetal head. Basipetal {bas-if -it-al") [basis, abase; fetere, to seek]. In biology, applied to growth in plants from the apex toward the base. Basipodite (bas-ip' -o-dlf) [fiaau;, base ; ttouc {voS), foot]. The basal joint of an arthropod limb, or the ■ joint between the first and third. Basipterygial (bas-ip-ter-if -e-at) [/3amf, a base ; TTTepiuyimi, a little wing, a fin] . At the base of the fin. Basipterygoid (pas-ip-ter'-ig-oid) [P&ai-U hase ; Trrcpfc- ■ yum, a little wing]. Relating to the base of the ali- sphenoid bone. Basirostral {bas-e-ros^ -tral) [basis, a base ; rostrum, a beak]. In biology, having to do with the base of a bird's beak. Basirrhinal {bas-ir-i' -nal) [jiaaig, base; p'lQ, nose]. Relating to the base of the brain a!nd to the nose. Applied to a cerebral fissure located at the base of the olfactory lobe. Basis (ba'-sis) [pdaig, base]. Base, ?. v. The Latin form is used to designate the lower or fundamental part of any organ, as B. cerebri, B. cordm, etc. Basiscopic {bas-is-kop' -ic) [jSaaif , base ; aarKeiv, to see] . Looking toward or on the side of the base. Basi-sphenoid {bas-e-sfe' -noid) [fiaaig, base ; a^v, wedge ; dSog^ form]. The lower part of the sphenoid bone. Basisylvian [bas-e-sil' -ve-an) [basis, base ; Sy'tvius, an anatomist] . Applied by Wilder to the transverse basilar portion or stem of the Sylvian fissure. See Fissure, Table (and Diagram). BsLsiiemporal (bas-e-tem'-po-rai) \ basis, hase; tempora, the temples]. Relating to the base or lower part of the temporal bone. Basivertebral (bas-e-mer'-te-bral) [basis, base ; verte- bra, a joint]. Relating to the basis or centrum of a vertebra, Basophile [bas'-o-fit). Sefe Basophilous. Basophilic {bas-o-fil' -ic) [/SiiiTif , base ; ^(Aieiw, to love]. Combining readily with bases ; stainable by means of basic dyes. Basophilous (bas-off'-il-us) [/Jatrif, base ; ^iXhiv, to love]. Stained by basic rather than by acid dyes (applied to certain cells and tissue-elements). Bassalia (bas-a' -le-aK) [Bdaaoiv-pddvc, very deep ; dT^ia, an assemblage] . In biology, a deep-sea realm distin- guished by a characteristic fauna. Bass-deafness (bas-def -nes) [OF., basse, low; ME., defen\ . Deafness to certain bass-notes, the perception of the higher notes being retained. Bassia (bas'-e-ah) [Bassi, an Italian botanist]. A genus of E. Indian and African sapotaceous trees. The mahua, B. latifolia, is cultivated in India for its edible flowers, which afford on distillation an alcoholic drink. B. longifolia and B. butyracea afford a sort of vegetable butter. The bark and leaves of these three species are used in rheumatism. Unof. Bassini's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bassora Gum (bas'-o-rah-gurn). An inferior gum, much used in adulterating tragacanth. Bassorin {bas'-o-riri) [Bassora, an Asiatic city], CgHjijOj, or 2CgHj„05. A tasteless, odorless vegeta- ble mucilage, insoluble in cold water, but rendered soluble by alkalies ; it is found in gum tragacanth (of Bassora) and in cherry and plum gums. See Carbohy- drates, Table of. Bast (bast) [AS. , tej^, a lime-tree] . The inner bark of exogenous plants. The fibrous parts of the bark are used in making cordage, and have a limited use in surgery. Bastard (bas'-tard) [bastardus, a bastard]; I. Ille- gitimate. 2. In biology, having the appearance of being genuine. Bastards (bas'-tardz) [bastardus, a bastard]. The name given to an impure sugar procured by concen- trating molasses and allowing it to crystallize slowly in moulds. Bastelaer's Test. See Tests, Table of. Bastose (bas'-tos) [AS., bast, a lime-tree]. A com- bination of cellulose and lignin, comjjrising a complete bundle of fibers, as in jute, or merely a covering upon the unaltered cellulose. Basyl (ba'-sil) [^daiq, base ; vkri, principle]. The electro-positive constituent of any compound. Bat (bat) [ME., bat\ An instrument of great delicacy employed by Dr. Marshall Hall for the detection of minute air-currents issuing from the lungs of those apparently dead. Bateman's Drops. The tinctura pectoralis, N. F. ; a weak tincture of opium, camphor, and catechu; a popular remedy in coughs. Bates's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bath (bath) [AS., bceth, a bath]. A bathing place or room. The medium in which the body is wholly or partly immersed. As therapeutic agents, baths are classified according as water, vapor, air, etc., is used ; according to the temperature, as hot, temperate, cold, etc. ; according to the end desired, as nutritional, medicinal, stimulant, etc. Special forms of bath are the moor, peat, mud-slime, pine-leaf, herb (hay, gentian, camomile, juniper, marjoram, etc.), brine, sand, tan, bran, malt, glue, soup, milk, whey, blood, wine, guano. Starch, soap, acid, iron, sulphur, carbonic acid, compressed air, mustard, electric, etc. B., Acid, add I ^ ounces of nitric acid and I to 3 ounces of HCl to 30 gallons of warm water in a wooden or earthenware vessel, arid immerse the patient in this for about lb to BATH 196 BATH 20 minutes. For a foot-bath, add yi ounce of nitric acid and I ounce of HCl to 4 gallons of warm water. This is said to be useful in cases of dyspepsia with sluggish liver and constipation. B., Air, a bath in which but little water is employed, the body being exposed freely to the air. It is employed in those cases in which there is a tendency to catch cold from undue facility to perspire. B., Alcohol, one in dilute alcohol, used to reduce temperature in fever. B., Alkaline, add 3 ounces of potassium carbonate, or 6 of sodium carbonate, to 25 or 30 gallons of hot water. It is used in chronic squamous skin diseases, chronic rheumatism, and lithemia. It should be taken in a wooden, earthenware, or enamelled bath. B., Arsenical, baths at a tem- perature of from 90° to 97° F., containing a small quantity of arsenic. They are used occasionally in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. B., Blanket, a method employed in chronic nephritis to stimulate the diaphoretic action of the skin. The patient is placed in bed and closely wrapped in blankets, a hot poultice being applied at the same time to the loins, and renewed as often as it becomes cool. B., Blood, one consisting of the blood of an animal, freshly shed. B., Bog, a bath formed by mixing bog-earth (gener- ated by the decomposition of plants in the presence of water and found at iron and sulphur springs) with warm water to form a pulpy or mushy consistence. This is used as a mud bath. B., Borax, borax, 4 ounces ; glycerin, three ounces ; water, thirty gal- lons. It is used in the same class of cases as the bran bath. B., Bran, boil one pound of bran in one gal- lon of water, strain, and add thirty gallons of water. This is a soothing and emollient bath, and is of service in squamous and irritable conditions of the skin. B., Brand; Cold bath. The tub is filled with water of 68°. The patient is given a stimulant of one-half to two ounces of brandy, the face and chest are laved with ice-water, and then he is gently placed in the water. The attendants should gently pass the flattened outstretched hands over successive parts of the body to dilate the superficial cutaneous vessels. Remove the patient as soon as the teeth begin to chatter, or if cyanosis of the lips or face appears. Usually the bath should be continued fifteen minutes. Then the patient is laid wet on a sheet and quickly wrapped from head to foot, then dried in five minutes and hot water applied to the feet. See Treatment, Methods of. B., Chemical, in chemistry, an appara- tus for regulating the temperature of chemical pro- cesses by surrounding the substance with water, sand, oil, or mercury, through which the heat is communi- cated. B., Cold. See B., Brand. B., Corrosive- sublimate, made by adding mercuric chlorid three drams, and HCl one dram, to 30 gallons of water. It is sometimes of service in secondary sjrphilis and in certain skin-diseases. B., Creasote, composed of creasote three drams, glycerin four ounces, and water 30 gallons. It is used in squamous skin diseases. B., Electro-therapeutic, a bath fur- nished with suitable electrodes and used in the applica- tion of electricity for curative purposes. B., Foot, a bath for the feet only. This is used as a derivative agent in cases of cold, etc. B., FuU, this consists of a tub about two-thirds full of water, the duration and temperature being adapted to the purpose in view. The patient's body may be entirely covered by water, so that his chin just clears it. B., Gelatin, dissolve one pound of common glue in hot water, and add the solution to the plain bath, or to the bran bath, and use in the same class of cases as the latter. B., Graduated Full, a modification of the Brand bath. The tub is filled with sufficient warm water to cover two-thirds of the recumbent body. The patient is then laid in and the temperature gradually lowered by the addition of cold or ice- water, while warm water is being removed. Friction is practised, as in the Brand bath. This bath lasts half an hour, and the water should be reduced to 68° as rapidly as possible. B., Half, the patient is seated in a tub containing eight or ten inches of water of a temperature suited to the case. A wet towel is tied around the head, and the bath water is poured and dashed over the back, head, and shoulders with the attendant's right hand, while friction is practised with the left, and the patient does the same on the anterior portion of the body. The temperature of the water may be lowered if a more decided impression is desired. The bath is continued for from five to twenty minutes with active friction. It is indicated in all fevers involving a depressed ner- vous system, as shown by ataxia, delinjm, or coma. B., Herb, made by using the extract of pine-needles, or of some aromatic herbs. The bath is used as a tonic. B., Hip. See B., Sitz. B., Hot, the temperature ranges from 104° to 1 10° F. It acts upon the skin, ■ producing free perspiration, and accelerates the pulse and respiration. B., Hot-air ; Turkish bath ; the patient is placed in a box (French method), his head being outside, and the box is filled with hot air furnished by a lamp. In the ordinary Turkish bath the patient is compelled to inhale the air within a closed compart- ment. Hot-air baths can be borne of a much higher temperature than vapor baths. They provoke more profuse sweating, and raise the temperature of the body to a greater extent. They are useful as a diaphoretic, and in catarrhal, neuralgic, and rheumatic conditions. They are contraindicated, as is also the vapor bath, in fatty degeneration of the heart. B., Iron, half an ounce of sulphate of iron to four gallons of water. Use in an earthenware or wooden vessel. This is valuable for strumous or rachitic children. B., Medicated, a bath in which medicinal substances, as mineral salt, sulphur, etc., are dis- solved or held in suspension. B., Mercurial, for the treatment of syphilis. Calomel, 20 to 60 grains, or a mixture of 15 grains of calomel and 20 grains of cinnabar are fused over a. water bath. The patient is stripped and enveloped in one or more blankets, or a mackintosh or India-rubber blanket lined with flannel. The lamp and mercury are placed under his chair, and the former lighted. In a few minutes perspiration is induced and the sublimed calomel is deposited upon the body. Twenty to thirty minutes are sufficient for a bath, after which the patient is allowed to cool off slowly. This is best taken before retiring. B.,"Milk, a bath in milk, for nutritive pur- poses. B., Moor, a bath in water mixed with the earth of moors. B., Mud, a bath prepared by mixing well- seasoned earths, containing more or less mineral matter, with water containing the same substances. The body is surrounded with this mixture at various temperatures from 90° to 100°. The patient is then rinsed with warm water. This is of value in some uter- ine diseases, and in obstinate rheumatism. B., Mus- tard, made by enclosing two to four ounces of ordinary mustard in a piece of muslin or thin linen and hang- ing it in about four gallons of hot water until the latter becomes yellow. It is used as a general bath for infants in collapse, convulsions, or severe bronchitis, the child being left in until the skin becomes distinctly reddened. It is also used as a foot or sitz-bath in amenorrhea. B., Pack, or Sheet, one in which the body is wrapped in cloths. B., Permanent. See B., Warm. B., Pine, prepared by adding a decoction BATH 197 BATRACHOPHOBIA of pine-needles, or some pine extract, to hot water. It is mildly stimulating, and is employed in hysteria, gout, and rheumatism. B., Rain, consists of from four to six three-fourths circles of pipes secured together at a distance of two to three inches. Each pipe has three lines of fine perforations, from which the stream issues under pressure, striking the body of the patient at all points with considerable force. This may be used as a substitute for the dripping sheet. B., Russian, one in which the air of the room is saturated with steam by throwing water upon heated mineral or metallic substances, after which the bather is rubbed down, finishing with a cold douche. See B., Vapor. B., Sand, the body of the patient is surrounded in a tub with a layer of dry, warm sand that has been naturally or artificially heated, the temperature ranging from 95° to 120°. The duration of the bath is from one to one and a half hours. The head is wrapped in a wet towel and permitted to lie outside of the sand. The after-treatment is the same as that after a hot-air _ bath. This is of value as an emollient procedure. In chemistry, the immersion of a crucible, etc. , containing a chemic compound in a vessel containing fine sand, the latter being heated gradually to a high temperature. B., Sea-water, more stimulating and tonic in its effects than fresh water. It may be given cold, tepid, or hot. It may be made away from the sea- shore by dissolving bay-salt or rock-salt in fresh water, four to nine pounds of salt to 30 gallons of water. It is useful in convalescence, chlorosis, and strumous diseases. B., Sheet, the application of cold water to the body through the medium of a sheet or to\yel of fine or coarse texture, placed upon the skin. The patient is wrapped in a linen sheet, wrung not quite dry out of water at a temperature of from 60° to 70°. A rubber cloth and a blanket are spread over the bed to protect it. As the sheet dries small quantities of water are poured with one hand from a vessel or sponge upon a limited part of the body, beginning with the chest. With the other extended hand rapid passes are made over this spot until it becomes a little warmer. Successive parts of the body are thus treated except the forearms, hands, feet, and legs. The patient is then dried and made comfortable. This is applicable in all febrile affections with high tem- peratures, except in chest or abdominal diseases. B., Shower, a familiar form of the douche. The water is delivered from a nozzle with numerous perforations, that may be attached to a hose, striking the body in a divided stream. B., Sitz, the patient sits in the tub with the feet outside upon a raised surface and blanket, so that the popliteal spaces are not encroached upon by the edge of the tub. The water should reach the umbilicus. It is useful in obstinate diarrhea, menor- rhagia, subinvolution of the uterus, and pelvic inflam- mations. B., Slime, a bath in water mixed with the slimy deposit of organic matter found in rivers or ponds. B., Sponge, one in which the patient's body is rubbed with a sponge and water. It is used to reduce temperature. B., Starch, starch, one pound ; water, 30 gallons. This is used as the bran bath. B., Sulphur, potassium sulphid four to eight ounces in 30 gallons of water ; a little sulphuric acid may be added. It is used in certain skin diseases, scabies, lead colic, and lead palsy. B., Sulphurous -acid, a means of applying the fumes of burning sulphur to the body. The patient is seated on a cane-bottomed chair, and a blanket or oil-cloth is thrown round him, the head remaining uncovered. On the floor beneath the chair is a pan containing a little water, and in this is placed a smaller vessel con- taining small pieces of sulphur. A little spirit of wine is poured over this, and ignited, and sulphurous- acid gas is evolved. B., Sun, the therapeutic exposure of the naked body to the sun's rays. B. , Surprise, an ancient and obsolete form of bath for insane and hysterical patients, who were unexpectedly plunged into cold water. B., Tepid, the temperature of the water ranges from 85° to 95° F. It acts mainly upon the skin as a sedative, cleansing, and detergent agent ; the pulse, respiration, excretion, secretion, and temper- ature are practically unaffected. B., Turkish, one in which the bather is placed successively in rooms of higher temperature, then shampooed or rubbed, and finally stimulated by a douche of cold water. See Bath, Hot-air. B., Vapor; Russian bath; this may be given, as the Turkish bath, in a box, by permitting steam from a pipe to permeate it, providing for its escape, or the patieilt may inhale the vapor within a closed compartment, the whole surface being at the same time exposed to its influence. A higher temper- ature can be borne than in the hot-water bath, though for a shorter time. It is useful to provoke profuse per- spiration. It should be followed by brisk frictions. B., Warm, the tub is filled with water at any temper- ature near that of the body, say 90° to 104". The patient lies quietly in it, and obtains the effect of warmth, moisture, and water-pressure. It is used to calm the nervous system, produce sleep, and allay reflex instability. The continuous warm bath, called by Hebra the permanent bath, is made by suspending a sheet in the tub as a ham- mock. The patient lies upon this surrounded by water that is kept at an equable temperature (warm) by a proper arrangement of in-and-out-flow It is used in the treatment of extensive burns and wounds. B., Water, a bath of water. It may be cold (6o°-75°) or tepid (85''-95°), or hot. In chemistry, a bath cf water for immersing vessels containing substances that must not be heated above the boiling-point of water. See B., Mud ; B., Sand; B., Sun. Bathmic {batk'-mik) lJ3aBfi6g, a threshold]. Relating to bathmism. Bathmis (bath'-mis). See Bathmos. Bathmism (bath' -mizni) \^l3a6/i6c, a threshold]. That supposed modification of cTiemical force which is active in the processes of nutrition. Bathmos (bath'-mos) \J^aQfib^, ^aQjdq, a little fossa]. A shallow depression or fosset. Bathwort (bath'-weri) [Corruption of birthwoH'\ . The plant Trillium erectum ; also T. pendulum ; esteemed in domestic practice as deobstruent. Unof. Bathybius (Oathib'-e-us) Ifiaftvc, deep ; /3iOf, life]. A name applied by Huxley to a sticky form of deep-sea ooze, formerly supposed by him to be a widely-extend- ing sheet of living, primitive protoplasm. Bathycentesis (bath-e-sen-ie'-sis) IPaBiii, deep; kcvt- ijaig, puncture]. A deep surgical puncture ; deep acupuncture. Bathystixis {bath-e-stiks' -is) l^aSiiQ, deep; arfftf, puncture]. Deep acupuncture. Batiator \bat-e-a'-tor). See Vernonia nigritiana. Batoir (bah-twar') [Fr., beater]. See Percutor. Batophobia (bat-o-fo' -be-ah) [;8ari.aii6(;, a stuttering] . Stut- tering or stammering. Battery (bat'-er-e) [batteria, a beating ; battery]. A series of two or more pieces of apparatus arranged to produce increased or multiple effect, as battery of boilers, prisms, lenses, galvanic cells. Usually applied to a series of cells producing electricity (vol- taic or galvanic battery) ; also, frequently to a single cell. B., Primary, the combination of a number of primary cells so as to form a single battery. B., Sec- ondary, the combination of a number of storage cells to form a single electric source. The following table shows the materials used in the more important batteries, and the electro-motive force (E. M. F.) in volts. Storage or secondary batteries are not included in the table. The common form of these is a series of lead plates carrying masses of lead oxid. ( \\ Grenet Cell for Therapeutic Apparatus. NAMES, ELEMENTS, FLUIDS, ETC., OF THE PRINCIPAL BATTERIES. Name of Cell. Positive Ele- ment. Negative Element. Exciting Agent. Depolarizing Agent. E. M. F. IN Volts. Bunsen. Zinc. Carbon. Sulphuric acid, dilute. Nitric acid. 1.75 to 1.96 Beetz. Zinc. Copper. Zinc sulphate in plaster of Paris. Copper sulphate, in plas- ter of Pans. 1.04 Callaud. Zinc. Copper. Solution of zinc sul- phate. Cupric sulphate. i.o to 1.14 Daniel. Zinc. Copper. Zinc sulphate. Cupric sulphate. I. to 1.14 Edison-Lalande. Zinc. Cupric oxid and car- bon. Potassium hydroxid. Cupric oxid. 0-75 Fuller. Zinc. Carbon. Zinc chlorid. Potassium dichromate and hydrochloric acid. 1-5 Gravity. See Call aud. Gaiffe. Zinc. Silver. Zinc chlorid. Silver chlorid. 1.02 Grenet. Zinc. Carbon. Sulphuric acid and po- tassium dichromate. Chromic acid. 2.0 Grove. Zinc. Platinum. Sulphuric acid, dilute. Nitric acid. 1.94 to 1.97 Latimer Clark. Zinc. Mercury. Mercuric sulphate. Mercuric sulphate. 1.435 Leclanche. Zinc. Carbon. Ammonium chlorid. Manganese dioxid. 1.42 Leiande Chaperone. Zinc. Copper or iron. Potassium hydroxid. Cupric oxid. 0.98 Maische. Zinc scraps in a bath of mer- cury. Platinized carbon. Common salt solution. None separate. 1-25 Marie Davy. Zinc. Carbon. Sulphuric acid, dilute. Mercuric sulphate. 1-52 Maynooth. Zinc. Iron. Sulphuric acid, dilute. Nitric acid (strong). Niaudet. Zinc. Carbon. Common salt solution. Chlorated lime. 1.63 Poggendorf. Zinc. Carbon. Potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid. Chromic acid. 1.98 Schanschieir. *Zinc. Carbon. Mercurial solution. None separate. 1.56 Scrivanoff. Zinc. Silver. Potassium hydroxid. Silver chlorid. 1-5 Smee. Zinc. Platinized silver. Sulphuric acid, dilute. None. 0.5 to 1.0 Walker. Zinc. Platinized carbon. Sulphuric acid, dilute. None. 0.66 Warren de la Rue. Zinc. Silver. Ammonium chlorid. Silver chlorid. 1.05 BATTEY'S OPERATION 199 BEBEERU BARK Battey's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Battledore (bat'-l-dbr) [ME., batyldore\ An instru- ment shaped like a racket. B. Hands. See Acro- megaly. B. Placenta, one in which there is a mar- ginal insertion of the cord. Battology {bat-ol' -o-je) [^^arroTMyla, a vain repetition]. The idle or meaningless repetition of words. Baudelocque's Diameter. In obstetrics, the external conjugate diameter of the pelvis. B. Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Bauden's Apparatus. See Seutin's Apparatus. B. Law. See Law. B. Operations. See Operations, Table of. Bauer's Apparatus, an apparatus for extending the leg in hip-disease. The extension may be varied by means of a rack-and-pinion arrangement. Bauhin, Valve of. The ileo-cecal valve. Bauhin's Glands. See Gland. Baum's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Baunscheidt's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Baunscheidtism [bawn'-shlt-izm). [Named from Baunscheidt, the inventor]. A mode of treating rheu- matism or other chronic neuralgias by counter-irrita- tion, the latter being produced by pricking the exterior of the part affected with fine needles dipped in oil of mustard, formic acid or other irritant. Bavarian (bav-a' -re-an) \_Bavaria\ Pertaining to Ba- varia. B. Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. B. Splint, a variety of immovable, dressing in which the plaster is applied between two flannel cloths. Bay-berry (ba'-ber-e) [ME., bay; beryl- '• ^^^ berry of the Laurus nobilis, bay, or noble laurel. 2. The wax-myrtle, Myrica cerifera, and its fruit. See Myrica. 3. The pimento, or allspice. B. Rum and B., Oil of. See Myrcia. B. Tree, the Laurus nobilis ; also Prunus laurocerasus ; commonly called the laurel and the cherry laurel. B. Aqua Lauro- cerasi. See Acid Hydrocyanic, Dilute. Baycuru {bi-koo' -roo) [native S. A.]. The root of a S. American plant, Statice braziliensis , one of the most powerful astringents known. It is used for ulcers of the mouth and for glandular enlargements. Dose of the fid. ext., )T\,v-xxx. Unof. Bayer's Test. See Tests, Table of. Baynton's Bandage. See Bandage. Bazin (ba'-zin). Synonym of Molluscum contagiosum. Bazin's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Bdella {del'-ah) l^SiXXa, a leech]. A leech. See Hirudo. Bdellatomy (del-at'-o-me). See Bdellotomy. Bdellium (del'-e-um) [Heb., b'dolach\ A resinous gum exuding from various species of balsamodendron. B., Indian, somewhat valuable as an emmenagogue. Bdellometer (del-om'-et-er) Ifi&'sXka., a leech ; iiirpov, a measure]. A mechanical substitute for the leech, consisting of cupping glass, scarificator, and exhaust- ing syringe. Bdellotomy {del-of -o-me) [pSiVM, a leech ; Tofiii, a cut]. The opening with the knife of the body of a leech that is drawing blood; by this means the activity of the leech may be considerably prolonged. Bdelygmia {deUgf -me-ah) l^Selvyfiia, disgust]. Ab- normal disgust for food. That which is abhorrent or repulsive. Beaded Hair. Synonym of Monilethrix. Beads, Rhachitic. " Rhachitic rosary; " the so-called "beading of the ribs" in rickets; a succession of visible and palpable swellings at the points where the ribs join their cartilages. Beak (fei) [ME., te,5«]. I. The mandibular portion of a forceps. 2. The lower end of the calamus scrip- torius. 3. The pad or splenium of the callosum. 4. In biology, the rostrum, snout, or some corresponding part of an animal. The apex of a bivalve, or the cannular lips of a univalve shell. BeakeT [be^-ier) [M.'E.,biher']. A wide-mouthed glass vessel much used in chemic laboratories. B. Cells; See Cell. Beale's Cold-flowing Fluids. For injecting tissues, (a) Blue; Dissolve 0.777 g™- °f potassium fer- rocyanid in 30 u. c. of glycerin ; mix 3.6 c. t. of tinct. ferri chlor. with 30 c. c. of glycerin ; add the iron mixture, drop by drop, to the potassium ferrocyanid solution. Then add to this mixture 5.5 c. c. of methylic alcohol, 30 c. c. of alcohol, and 88 c. c. of water, shaking strongly, (b) Acid Glycerin Fluid; Dissolve 0.194 gm. of potassium ferrocyanid in 30 c. c. of strong glycerin ; to 30 c. c. of strong glycerin add 10 drops of tincture ferri chlor. Add the latter,, drop by drop, to the former, with constant shaking. Then add 30 c. c. of water, to which 3 drops of HCI have been added. This fluid flows well and does not exude from the capillaries. (60oi;, dread]. Morbid dislike of books. Bibron's Antidote. Formerly quite a famous remedy for rattlesnake bite. It consists of bromin, g iiss ; potassium iodid, gr. ij ; corrosive chlorid of mercury, gr. j ; dilute alcohol, ^ xxx. Of this a teaspoonful is given in wine or brandy, p. r. n. Bibulous (bib'-u-lus) [bibere, to drink]. Having the property of absorbing moisture or liquids. B. lapis, pumice stone. B. Paper, used in dentistry for drying cavities preparatory to introducing the filling. Blot- ting paper. Bicarbonate {bi-har'-bon-dt) [bis, twice ; carbo, a coal]. Any supercarbonate that has two carbonic acid equiv- alents for one of the base. Bicarinate (bi-kar' -in-dt) [bi, two ; carinatus, keel- shaped]. In biology, having two keel-like projec- tions, as certain grasses. Bicaudal (bi-kaw'-dal) [bicaudalis, two-tailed]. Hav- ing two tails or appendages. B. Muscle, the abduc- tor auns. See Muscles, Table of. Bicephalium (bi-sef-a' -le-um) [bi, two; Kf^oX^, head]. A tumor of the scalp so large that it gives the patient the appearance of having two heads. Biceps (bi'-seps) [bis, twice ; caput, the head]. A term applied to several muscles, as B. brachii, B. extensor, B. flexor cruris. They are so called from their double origin. See Muscles, Table of. B. Reflex. See Jiefiexes, Table of. Bichat, Canal of. See Canal. B., Fissure of. See Fissure. B., Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of. B., Tunic of, the intima of the blood-vessels. Bichlorid (bi-klo'-rid) [*z, two; chlorin^ In chem- istry, a basic compound containing two equivalents of chlorin. B. of Gold. See Gold. B. of Mercury. See Hydrargyrum. Bicho do mar {be'-cho-do-mdr). ?>ee Biche de mer. Bichromate {bi-kro'-mdt) [bi, two; chromium"]. In chemistry, a basic compound containing two equiva- lents of chromium. B. of Potash. See Potassium. Bicipital {bi-sip' -it-at) [bi, two; caput, the head]. Pertaining to the biceps muscle. Bi-concave (bi-kon'-kdv). See Lens. Biconvex [bi-kon'-veks). See Lens. Bicornute (bi-kor'-nut) [bicomutus, with two horns]. Having two horns, as a bicornute uterus. Bicuspid {bi-kus' -pid) [bi, two; cuspis, the point of a spear]. Having two cusps, as B. Teeth, the fourth and fifth teeth. B. Valve, the mitral valve of the heart. Bidder and Schmidt's Method. A method of estimat- ing the amount of acids in the stomach. It consists in performing an ultimate analysis, apportioning the chlorin to the metals and ammonium present, and calculating the remainder as HCl. Bidder's Ganglia. See Ganglia, Table of. B.'s Organ, a singular structure found in male toads and sometimes in male frogs, between the testis and fat-body; it is a rudimentary ovary, and in conjunction with the testis forms an ovotestis ; the development of the Miillerian duct, or oviduct, being in direct proportion to the size of "Bidder's Organ. ' ' These functionless ducts frequently become cystic (in ten per cent, of male frogs, and in fifteen per cent, of male toads). Bidens (bi'-denz) [bidens, having two teeth]. A genus of herbaceous composite plants. B. bipennata, Spanish needles, an herbaceous composite-flowered plant. The seeds and roots are said to be emmen- agogue and antibechic. Dose of fid. ext. gtt. xv-jj. Unof. Bidet {be-def, or -da) [Fr. for pony] . A tub or basin with fixed attachments for the administering of injec- tions ; also for use as a sitz-bath or hip-bath. Biebrich Scarlet. See Pigments, Conspertus of. Biedert's Cream Mixture. An infant's food made by mixing 4 oz. of cream with 12 oz. of warm water, and adding J^ oz. of milk-sugar. It contains I per cent, of casein, 2.5 per cent, of fat, and 3.8 per cent, of sugar. As the child grows older a larger proportion of milk is added. Bi-electrolysis {bi-e-lek-trol' -is-is) [bi, two ; fiksuxpw, amber; M(Ti' -for-in) [biforis, having two doors]. In biology, the name applied by Turpin to raphides- bearing cells in which the raphides are discharged from both ends of the cell. Bifurcate {bi-fer'-kat) [ii,tvro; Jitrca, a. fork]. Di- vided into two, like a fork. Bifurcation {bi-fer-ka' -shun) \bifurcatio; from bi, two ; furca, a fork]. Division mto two branches, as of a tooth into two roots ; of the trachea and of the aorta into two branches. Big {big) [ME., big, large]. Great with young; preg- nant. B.-jaw, actinomycosis in the ox. Bigarade [be-gah-ra{h)d') [Fr.]. The bitter orange. Its volatile oil (essence or huile de bigarade) is used in pharmacy and in perfumery. Bigelovia (big-lo' -ve-aK) \jBigelov), an American botan- ist]. A genus of composite-flowered plants. See Damiana. Bigelovir's Ligament. The Y-ligament ; ilio-femoral , ligament. B.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of. B.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of. B.'s Septum, in anatomy, a layer of hard bony tissue in the neck of the thigh-bone. Bigeminate (bi-jem'-in-St) [^bigeminus, doubled]. In biology, forked, doubled. Bigeminum (bi-jem' -in-um) [bi, two; geminus, a twin]. One of the corpora bigemina of the brain ; one of the optic lobes of the brain. Biglenoid (bi-gle'-noid) [bi, two; y/l^v)?, a socket; dSog, form]. Relating to both of any pair of glenoid cavities. Bignonia {big-no' -ne-ah) [Bignon, a French sa- vant]. A genus of climbing-plants, often woody. B. alliacea, of the W. Indies, and B. capreolata, of N. America, are regarded as antisyphilitic. Several other species are reputed to be actively medicinal. Unof. Bigoniac {bi-go' -ne-ak) [bi, two ; yuvia, an angle]. Re- lating to the two gonions. Bijugular {bi-ju' -gu-lar^ [bi, two ; jugulum, the collar- bone]. Relating to the two jugular points. Bikh {biK) [native Nepalese]. The Nepalese poison, bish ; it is derived from the roots of Aconitum ferox. See Aconite. Bilabe {bi'-lab, or be-la(h)b') [Fr. ; bi, two ; labium lip]. A surgical instrument for removing foreign bodies from the bladder through the urethra. Bilateral {bi-laf -er-al) [bi, two ; laius, a side]. Relat- ing to two sides ; sinistrodextral. B. Symmetry, the symmetry of right and left halves. B. Operation. See Lithotomy. Bilateralism {bi-laf -er-al-izm) [bi, two; latus a side]. Bilateral symmetry. Bile {bil) [bilis; x°^V, the bile]. The substance secreted by the liver. It is mucilaginous, golden-brown in man, golden-red in carnivora, brownish-green in herbivora, and green in birds. It is composed of biliary salts, cholesterin, mucus, and certain pigments. The principal acids are taurocholic (CjgH^NSO,) and glycocholic (C^jH^jNOg), both commonly combined with sodium. The taste of bile is intensely bitter ; its reaction feebly alkaline, and its density from 1026 to 1032. It exercises a diastatic action on starch, emul- sifies fats, and precipitates soluble peptone. Its com- position varies, but according to Hoppe-Seyler, in 100 parts bile there are of Water, .. . jqi.es Parts. Inorganic matter, . . . . jyi.ua « ana. Organic matter, .... . . 8.32 Mucus, 1.29 Taurocholate of sodium, 0.87 Glycocholate of sodium 3.03 Saponified fat, 1.39 Cholesterin "* 0.35 Lecithin, . . . 0.53 Fat 0.73 B. Pigments, the coloring-matters of the bile. B. P., Tests for. See Tests, Table of. Bilharzia {bil-har' -ze-aK) [named after Theodor Bil- harz, an helminthologist]. A genus of trematode helminths, established by Cobbold, characterized by having the sexes separate. See Gynecophorus and Parasites {Animal), Table of. B. hsematobia. See Distoma. Bilharziosis [bil-har-ze-o' -sis) [Bilharzia'\, The en- semble of symptoms produced by the presence in the intestine of worms of the genus Bilharzia. Biliary {bil' -e-a-re) [bilis, bile] ., Pertaining to the bile. B. Acids, glycocholic and taurocholic acids formed in the liver. For tests for B. A. in the urine, see Tests, Table of. B. Colic, colic produced by Uie passage of gall-stones. See Gall-stones. B. Ducts, the hepatic, the cystic and the ductus communis choledochus. The first leads from the liver, the second from the gall-bladder. The third is a common excretory duct. See Liver. Bilicyanin {bil-e-si' -an-in) [bilis , W\e ; /cuiivEOf, blue]. Cholecyanin, choleverdin. A blue pigment obtained from bilirubin. Biliflavin {bil-e-fla' -viri) [bilis, bile ; fiavtts, yellow]. A yellow coloring-matter derivable from biliverdin. Bilifulvin {bil-e-fiU' -vin) [bilis, bile ; fulvus, fulvous]. An impure form of bilirubin ; also a yellow bile-color from ox-gall, not normally present in human bile. Bilifuscin {bil-e-fus' -in) [bilis, bile ; fuscus, brown] , CiuHjjNjO^. A pigmentary matter occurring in bile, and in human gall-stones. Bilihumin {bil-e-hu' -min) [bilis, bile ; humus, earth] . An insoluble residue left after treating gall-stones with various solvents. Bilin {bi'-lin) [^;7w, bile]. A mixture of the taurocho- late and glycocholate of sodium, forming a copious resinoid constituent of the bile. BILINEURIN 206 BIOMETER Bilineurin {bil-e-nu' -rin) . See Cholin. Bilious (bil'-yus) \biliosus, full of bile]. A term popu- larly applied to disorders supposed to arise from a too free secretion of bile. B. Fever, a term loosely applied to certain enteric and malarial fevers. Biliphein {bil-e-fe' -in) [^z7w, bile; ^aiiif, gray]. A supposed bile-color, now regarded as an impure bilirubin ; called also cholophein. Biliprasin (bil-e-pra' -sin) \bUis, bile ; ifpdaov, leek ; npdacvoc, leek-green], CjgH2.;N20g. A pigmentary substance occurring in gall-stones, icteric urine and bile. Bilipurpin, or Bilipurpurin (bil-e-per' -pin, bil-e-per'- pu-rin) \bilis, bile ; purpura, purple]. A purple coloring-matter derivable from biliverdin. Bilipjrrrhin [bil-e-pir' -in). See Cholepyrrhin. Bilirubin (bil-e-ru' -bin) [bilis, bile ; ruber, red] , C,jHjg- NjOj. A red coloring-matter, the chief pigment of the bile. It is found also in the urine in jaundice. It is insoluble in water, and almost so in ether and alcohol, but it is readily soluble in alkaline solutions. It crys- tallizes in rhombic plates or prisms. B. Icterus,, icterus or jaundice with discoloration of the skin and urine from the presence of an abnormally large percent- age of bilirubin. Biliverdin {bil-e-ver' -diri) \bilis,'\A&; viric/is, green'], Cj2H2|,N205, or CgHgNO.^. A green pigment, the first product of the oxidation of bilirubin. It gives the characteristic color to the bile of herbivora, and occurs in the lu-ine of jaundice and in traces in gall-stones. Billroth's Mixture. See Anesthetic. B.'s Operations. See Operations, Table of . Bilsted, or Bilsterd [bil'-sted, or biV-sterd). See Liquidamber. 'SAxaa.n.aL (bim'-an-aK) [^z, two; manus, ai hand]. An order of the division of mammalia including man only. Bimanual (bi-man'-u-al) \bi,\.f)o; manus,& hand]. Two-handed. Ambidextrous. Bimastoid (hi-mas' -toid) [bi, two ; jiaardq, the breast ; Eidof, form]. Relating to the two mastoid eminences. Binary {pi' -nar-e) \binus, a couple]. In chemistry, compounded of two elements. In anatomy, separat- ing into two branches. B. Theory, in chemistry, the theory that considers all salts as double compounds. Binate [bin'-at] \binus, two by two]. In biology, bifoliate ; bidigitate ; occurring in pairs. Binaural (bin-aw' -rat) \bis, twice ; auris, ear]. Per- taining to or having two ears. Binauricular (bin-aw-rik' -u-lar) \bis, twice ; auricula, the ear]. Pertaining or belonging to both ears. B. Arc. See Arc. Binder (bind'-er) [ME, , bynderel. A wide bandage about the abdomen, worn by women during or after labor, or celiotomy, to support the abdominal walls. B., Mammary, a sling or suspensory for the mamma. Binder's Board. A thick, strong variety of paste- board for bookbinders' use ; it has a limited use in surgery. Binding Posts. Clamps for connecting conducting wires with the electric apparatus. Bindschedler's Green; Same as Dimethylphenylene Green. Bindweb (bind' -web) \_M.E. , binden ; webbe']. The neuroglia. Binelli's Styptic. A nostrum formerly famous as a. styptic. It is supposed to have contained creasote. Biniodid {bin-i'-o-did). See lodid. Binocular [bin-ok' -u-lar) \bi, two; oculus, an eye]. In anatomy, having or pertaining to two eyes. In optics, an instrument with two eye-pieces for use with both eyes at once. B. Vision, the faculty of using both eyes synchronously and without diplopia. Binoculus (bin-ok' -u-lus) [L., two-eyed]. A figure- of-eight bandage for both eyes. Binoxid (bin-oks' -id) \bi, two ; oxid]. Same as Dioxid. Binuclear (bi-nu' -kle-ar) [bi, two ; nucleus, a kernel]. Having two nuclei. Binucleolate (bi-nu-kle' -o-lat) [bi, two ; nucleolus, a little kernel]. Having two nucleoli. Biohlast (bi'-o-6last) [/3iof, hfe; /3Aa(T7(if, a germ]. A plastidule or formative cell ; a corpuscle that has not yet become a cell. Biocellate (bi-o-sel' -at) [bi, two ; ocellus, a little eye]. In biology, having two spots resembling eyes. Biochetnics (bi-o-kem' -iks) [l^'mi, life ; x'II'^'m, chem- istry]. The chemistry of life. See Biochemy. Bio-chemistry (bi-o-kem' -is-tre) [piog, life ; xVI^^'M; chemistry]. The chemistry of the living body, or of life. Biochemy (bi' -o-kem-e) [/3iof, life; ;i:)?/ieia, chemistry]. Chemic force as exhibited in living organisms. Biochyme (bi'-o-klm) [^i-oc, life ; X''>H-^i> juice]. In biology, the sap or cell-juice of plants. Biodynamics (bi-o-di-nam' -iks) [)3/of, life ; 6vvafu;, power]. The dynamics of life ; dynamic biology. Biogamia (bi-o-ga' -me-ah) [/3iof , life ; yd/wg, marriage]. The hypothetic union of opposing vital forces (as of contractility and sensibility), resulting in repro- duction. Biogenesis (bi-o-Jen'-es-is) [/3(0f, life ; ytveatg, origin]. I. The doctrine that living things are produced only from living things — the reverse of abiogenesis. 2. Reproduction from living parents. Biogeny (bi-oj'-en-e) [/3iof, life ; jevua, generation]. In biology, t^e evolution of organic forms, either con- sidered individually (ontogeny) or tribally (phytogeny). Biognosis (bi-og-no' -sis) [/3iOf, life ; yvaaig, know- ledge]. The study of life and its phenomena; biology. Biokinematics (bi-o-kin-em-af -iks) [/3io?, life; idvrjfm, motion]. The kinematics of life ; the science of the motions or movements that are essential to life. Biokinesigenesis (bi-o-kin-es-ij-en' -es-is) [Sloe, life; K-lvriatq, movement ; yeveaig, production]. The origination of the movements of living matter. Biokinetics (bi-o-kin-et'-iks) [/3/of, life ; kivtibi^, motion] . The kinetics of life : the science of the movements that are necessary parts of the process of development. See Karyokinesis. Biologic, or Biological (bi-o-loj'-ik, bi-o-lof-ik-al) [/3fcf, life; /(.(i/of, science]. Pertaining or belonging to biology. B. Law. See Phytogeny and Hackel. Biologist (bi-of -o-jist) [(Si'of, life; Uyo(;, science]. One who is a student of biology. Biologos (bi-o-log' -os) [/3iof, life ; TJryoq, a word] . A designation proposed for the intelligent living power displayed in cellular and organic action and reaction. Biology (bi-ol'-o-je) [/Siof, life; Uyog, science]. The science embracing the structure, function, and or- ganization of life-forms. Biolysis (bi-of -is-is) [pioQ, life; Vvuv, to loosen]. The destruction of life. The devitalization of living tissue. Biolytic (bi-o-lit'-ik) [piog, life ; Uinv, to loosen]. Destructive to life ; relating to biolysis. Biomagnetism [bi-o-mag' -net-izm) [fiiog, life ; jidyvijg, a magnet] . So-called animal magnetism. Biometer (bi-om'-et-er) [/3iof, life ; fihpov, measure]. Dr. Farr speaks of the Life-Table as a biometer, and of equal importance in all inquiries connected with human life or sanitary improvements with the barometer or thermometer, etc., in physical research; and the keystone or pivot on which the whole science of life-assurance rests. ' BIOMETRY 207 BIRD'S-NEST Biometry (bi-om'-et-re) [ySt'of, life ; fihpav, a measure]. Life-measurement; the estimation of the probable duration of any given life-form — in the past or future. Biomorphotic (Jii-o-mor-foi' -ik) [fliof , life ; fiop^aniUig, iit for shaping]. In biology, having an active pupa. Biondi's Fluid. A staining-medium used in histo- logic laboratories. It is a mixture of orange-G., methyl-green, and acid fuchsin. See Stains, Table of. Bionergy (bi-on' -er-je) [/3jof, life; ipyov, virork]. Life- force ; force exercised in the living organism. Bionomy {bi-on' -o-me) [/Siof, life; v6fio^, a lawr]. Dynamic biology ; biodynamics ; the science of the laws of life. Biontology (bi-on-toV -o-je) [/3iof, life ; ai>(bvT), being ; Xiyciv, to speak]. In biology, the physiology of the species or genus, embracing the transcendental or strictly philosophic in physiology (J. Aitken Meigs.) Biophagous (bi-off' -ag-us) [,8iof, life; ^ayeZv, to eat]. Feeding upon living organisms, or upon living tissue, as insectivorous plants. Biophore [bV-o-for] [/3iof, life; ipepeiv, to bear]. One of Weismann's hypothetic " bearers of vitality," cor- responding to the " plasomes " of Wiesner and Brucke and to the " pangenes " of de Vries, the smallest units that exhibit the primary vital forces, the bearers of the cell-qualities. Biophysiography [bi-o-fiz-e-og' -ra-fe) ipiog, life ; iiai.g, ■nature; ypcupstv, to ■write']. Descriptive or structural biology ; organography, as distinguished from bio- physiology. Biophysiology [bi-o-fiz-e-ol' -o-je) [jSiof , life ; 0{iff(f , na- ture ; AiSyof , science] . That branch of biology that in- cludes organogeny, morphology and general physi- ology. Bioplasm {bi'-o-plazm) [/3/of, life ; irXdafia, form] . Any living matter, but especially germinal or forming matter ; matter possessing reproductive vitality. See Protoplasm. Bioplasmic (bi-o-plaz' -miK) [/3(0f, life ; lOJusy.a, form] . Relating to or of the nature of bioplasm. Bioplasson [bi-o-plas' -on) \fiiog, life ; Tr/liJffffuv, form- ing]. Elsberg's term for living matter. A synonym of protoplasm or bioplasm. Bioplast (^z'-c-//a.r/) [/3(0f, life; Trlatrri^f, formed]. A mass or cell of bioplasm virhich is a unit of living matter. Bioplastic (^«-»-/fc'-/2i) [/3(0f , life ; jr^aiTTdf, formed]. Relating to or of the nature of a bioplast or of bio- plasm. Biopsic (bi'Op'-sik) [/3iof, life ; bipiq, vision]. Pertain- ing to biopsy. Biopsy (^z'-fl^-j^) [j3iOf, life ; oi/;(f, vision] . Observation of the living subject ; opposed to necropsy. Biorbital (i^z'-or^'-zV-a/) [^2, two ; u^-toa, a path] . Re- lating to both orbits. 'Biosco'ps {bi'-o-skop) [/3iofi life ; (T/coTrcIw, to view]. An instrument used in bioscopy. Bioscopy (bi-os' -ko-pe) \_^ioq, life ; oKoirtiv, to examine] . Examination of the body to ascertain if life be extinct. B., Electro-, examination by the aid of the electriq current. The muscular reaction is lost to faradic stimulation in about two hours after death in the tongue ; after three or four hours in the extremities ; after five or six hours in the trunk. The reaction to galvanism persists somewhat longer. Biosis (bi-o'-sis) \fimi;, life]. . Life ; vitality. Biostatics [bi-o-stat'-iks) [^piog, life ; araTixdc, causing to stand]. Static biology ; the science of the deter- minate parts of biology, including anatomy, and the physics of the living body. Biot's Respiration. See Respiration. Biotaxis (bi-o-taks'-is) [^ioc, life; rafm, arrangement]. I. The selective and arranging function or activity of life, or of living cells. 2. Systematic biology; the classification of living organisms. Biotaxy {bi'-o-taks-e). See Biotaxis. Biothalmy (bi' -o-thal-me) l^ioBaX/uog, vigorous; ^iog, life; Bd'AXew, to be vigorous]. The art of living long and well. Biotic {bi-ot'-ik) \_^ujTutAg\. Pertaining to life or to the laws of animal and vegetable progress and evolution. Biotome [bi'-o-tom) [fiiog, life ; TOfi^, a cutting]. A term applied by Cobbold to a stage in the development of certain entozoa. Biotomy [bi-ot'-o-me) [j9iof , life ; re/iveiv, to cut] . Vi- visection. Biparasitic (bi-par-as-it'-ik) [bi, two; wapdaiTog, a parasite]. Parasitic upon a parasite. Biparietal (bi-par-i'-et-al) [bi, two; parietes, a'wall]. Relating to both parietal bones. B. Diameter, the distance from one parietal eminence of the cranium to the other. Biparous {bip'-ar-us) [bi, double ; parere, to bring forth] . Producing two at a birth. Bipartite {bi-par' -tit) [bi, two; pars, a part]. In biology, composed of two parts or divisions. Biped (bi'-ped) [bi, two; pes, a foot]. With or having two feet. Biperforate {bi-per' - fo-rat) [bi, two ; perforatus, bored through]. Having two perforations ; as a biperforate hymen. Bipetalous {bi-pef -al-us) [bi, two; Treralov, a petal]. In biology, having two petals. Biphos-pbate {bi-/os' -fat) [bi, two; phosphorus]. In chemistry, an acid phosphate. Biphosphid {bi- fos' -fid) [bi, two; phosphorus]. In chemistry, a phosphid containing twice as much phos- phorus as the lower member of the phosphid series. Biphosphite {bi- fos' -fit) [bi, two; phosphorus]. In chemistry, an acid phosphite. Bipinnate {bi-pin'-at) [bi, two; piitnatus, feathered]. In biology, doubly pinnate, as a leaf. Bipolar {bi-po'-hir) [bi, two; polus, a pole]. Having two poles. B. Nerve-cells, nerve-cells that have two prolongations of the cell-matter. They are found chiefly in the ganglia of the gray matter of the brain. Bipubiotomy {bi-pu-be-of -o-me) [bi, double; pubes, pubes ; rijivtiv, to cut] . An obsolete operation (in the place of the Cesarean section) in which the pubic bones were both divided. See Galbiati's and Fara- beuf's Operations. Birch [berch) [AS., birce]. Any tree of the genus Betula. Birch tar, or the tarry oil of B. alba, is useful in certain skin diseases. The bark of B. lenta, the American black birch, yields a fragrant volatile oil, identical with that of GauUheria procumbens, for which it is often substituted. B. Camphor. Same a?, B. Resin. B. Resin. ?>eeBetulin. Oleum betulae volatile, volatile oil of betula, oil of sweet birch. Bird-lime {herd' -hrn) . A viscous vegetable substance used in Japan as a local dressing for wounds. Bird's Formula. The last two figures of the specific gravity of urine nearly represent the number of grains of solids to the ounce contained in the urine. The same two figures multiplied by 2 (Trapp's Factor) give the parts per looo. Haeser's Factor is 2.33. B. Operations. See Operations, Table of. Bird's-nest Bodies, or Cells. The cells of certain forms of carcinoma, distinguished by the concentric arrangement of their cell-walls. See also Cancer Nesfs. B. Edible, the nest of certain species of swift, used by the Chinese as food. It consists of marine algse, Gelidiurn, cemented by the salivary BIRHINIA 208 mucus of the bird. B. Sternum, a deformity of the sternum found in lateral curvature of the spine. Birhinia (bi-rin' -e-ah) \bi, two ; /i/f , the nose] . A con- genital defect in which there is the formation of two noses. Birth (berth) [ME. , byrtKl . I . The delivery of a child ; parturition. 2. That which is brought forth in par- turition. B.-mark. See Ntevus pigmentosus . B.- palsy, any paralytic affection due to an injiuy re- ceived at birth ; less correctly, a congenital paralytic affection due to a lesion that existed in the fetal state. See Paraplegia, Infantile Spasmodic. B., Partial, the incomplete expulsion of a child in labor ; of legal value in lawsuits for property. B., Plural, the birth of more than a single child. B., Posthumous, the birth of a child after the death of its father. B., Precocious, the occurrence of natural labor after a shorter pregnancy than is usual. B., Premature. See Labor. B.-rate, the proportion of births per thousand. B.-root. See Beth Root. B.-wort, the plant Aristolochia climatitis (see Aristolochia), so called from its former employment as a depurant after childbirth. Unof B., Still. See Still-born. Some of the Tests of live birth are appended: Breslau Test. If the intestines and stomach of the infant float in water on removal from the body it was thought to be proof that the child was bom alive. This test is of no value. Hydrostatic Test. Suggested by Raygat. It consists in placing the lungs in water and noting their specific gravity. If inflation has occurred they will float. This test is valuable. Plouc- quefs Test. This consists in estimating the ratio of the weight of the lungs to the weight of the body of the child. Ploucquet laid down this rule, that before respiration the weight of the lungs compared to the weight of the body was in the ratio of I to 70, and that after respiration it was in the ratio of I to 35. The test is of but slight value. Static test. Also called Foderi's or Schmidt's Test. This consists in ascertaining the absolute weight of the lungs, and comparing this weight with the average lung-weights of stillborn children, and of children who have died soon after birth. Foderfe fixes the weight of the lungs of stillborn children born at term at 480 grains (l oz.), and 960 grains (2 oz.) as the weight of the lungs soon after breathing has been established. This test is also of but slight value. Bisacromial {bis-ak-ro' -me-al) [bis, two ; axpuiiia, the point of the shoulder-blade]. Relating to the two acromia. Biscara Button [bis' -kar-ah but' -uri). See Fttrun- culus orientalis. Bischoff's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Biscuit [bis' -kit) [Fr., "twice baked"]. A kind of cake ; properly, a small, hard cake. In French phar- macy, medicated biscuits of various kinds are known. B., Camplin's, biscuits made of bran for the use of diabetics. They are made as follows : Take one quart of wheat-bran and boil in two successive waters for fifteen minutes, straining the mixture through a sieve until the water comes through clear ; after each wash- ing squeeze in a cloth until perfectly dry ; spread thinly on a dish and place in a slow oven. If put in at night, let it remain in until morning, when, if dry and crisp, it is fit for grinding. The mass so obtained must be ground in a fine mill and passed through a wire sieve so fine that a brush will be required to push the flour through. Grind again that which remains in the sieve until quite soft and fine. Take three ounces of the powder, three new-laid eggs, from one and a half to two ounces of butter and about half a pint of milk. Mix the eggs with a little of the milk, and warm the BISULCATE butter with the other portion. Stir the whole well together, adding a little nutmeg and ginger or other spices. Bake in small well-buttered tins in a rather quick oven for about half an hour. Make the cake a little thicker than a captain's biscuit. Biscuiting (bis'-kit-ing). See Block Teeth. Bisection Ibi-sek' -shun) [bi, two ; sectio, a cutting]. In obstetrics, embryotomy. Bisexual (bi-seks' -u-al) \bi, two; sexus, sex]. Having the reproductive organs of both sexes. Hermaphrodite. Bish {bish). Same as Bikh. Bishop's (Stanmore) Operation. See Operations, Table of. B.'s Weed. See Ajowan. 'Bishofing (bish' -op-ing) \yiE.,bischopen']. In farriery, filing a space between the teeth of a horse. Bisiliac (bis-W -e-ak)\_bis, two ; iliactis']. Relating to the two most distant points of the two iliac crests. Bisischiadic (bis-is-ke-ad' -ik) \bis, two ; laKcaSuii^, relating to the hip]. Relating to corresponding points on the two ischia. Biskra Boil, or Button. See Furunculus orientalis. Bismarck Brown. Same as Phenylene Brown and Vesuvin. Bismuth, or Bismuthum (biz'-muth) [L. , gen. , Bis- muthi"]. Bi = 210 ; quantivalence I, III, v. A pink- ish-white crystalline metal, not used in medicine in its metallic form. Its commercial salts are likely to contain arsenic. The insoluble salts of bismuth are feebly astringent and are useful in disordered digestion, acne, eczema, etc. B. et Ammonii Citras, soluble in water. Dose gr. j-v. B. et Ammon. Citras, Liquor (B.P.). Dose gss-j. B. Carbonas (B.P.), (Bi202C08)j,H20. Dose gr. v-xx. B. Citras, BiCj- H5O,, soluble in water of ammonia ; used in the U. S. only for pharmaceutic purposes. Dose gr. ij-v. B. Oxid. (B.P.), BijOj. Dose gr. v-xv. B. Oxy- chlorid, pearl white. Unof. It is used as a cosmetic. B. Pulvis, Comp., Ferrie^s Snuff. Contains two grains of hydrochlorate of morphin in one ounce, with bismuth and acacia. It is used for treating coryza. B. Salicylas. Bi(C,H503)3.Bi203. Dose gr. v-x. B. Subcarbonas, (BiO)2C03.H20, insoluble ; it is best given in emulsion with milk. Dosegr. x-_:^j. B. Sub- gallate. See Dermatol. B. Subiodid, BiOI, used as an antiseptic dusting-powder, like iodoform. B. Sub- Hitras, BiONOj.HjO, the salt chiefly used in medi- cine. It is also used as a cosmetic. Dose gr. x-_5J. B. Test. See Tests, Table of. B., Trochisci (B.P.) ; each contains gr. ij. B., Unguent., 60 grains to one ounce. For herpes, piles, etc. B. White. See Con- spectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Bissa (bis' -ah) [native African]. An affection of man and sheep, common in Egypt, and characterized by the production of edema. B. Bol, a kind of myrrh, from Balsamodendron Kafal, a tree of E. Africa. It is used largely in adulterating the finer grades of myrrh, and is said to stimulate powerfully the flow of milk in cows. Unof. Bistellate (bi-steV -at) \bi, two ; Stella, a star] . Shaped like a double star. Bistephanic (bi-ste-fan' -ik) [bi, two ; aTEdvtov, dim. of arifavoc, a wreath]. Relating to the stephanions. Bistort (bis'-tort) [bis, twice ; tortus, twisted]. Snake- weed, Adder' s-wort. The rhizome oi Polygonum bis- torta, an astringent. Dose of fid. ext. tr\,xx-xl. Unof. Bistoury (bis'-lo-re) [Fr. bistouri\. A small (straight or curved) knife used in surgery. B.-cache, one that has the blade concealed for passing to the point to be in- cised, and by pressure on the handle the blade is exposed and the incision made. Bisulcate (bi-sul'-kat) [bi, two; sulcus, a furrow]. Having two furrows or grooves. BISULPHATE 209 BLACK Bisulphate [bi-sul'-fdt) [bi, two ; ME., sulphur"]. Any acid sulphate having twice the amount of acid con- tained in the corresponding normal sulphate. Bis\>.\fhi&{H-sul'-fid) [/J«, two; sulphur]. In chem- istry, a sulphur compound in which there are two atoms of sulphur to one atom of the other substance of the compound. B. of Carbon. See Anesthetic. Bisulphite [bi-sul'-fit) [bi, two; sulphur]. An acid sulphite. The bisulphite of lime is used as an anti- ferment. Bitartrate (bi-tar'-trat) \bi, two ; T&prapov, tartar] . Any tartrate in which one normal hydrogen atom has been replaced by a base. See Tartaric acid. Bitemporal [bi-tem'-por-al) [bi, two; tempora, the temples] . I'ertaining or belonging to the two temples. B, Triangle. See I'riangle. Biti {be'-te)\\^. Ind.]. The E. Indian tree Dalbergia latifolia ; the oil of the root is said to cure or prevent baldness. Unof. Bitnoben [bil-no' -ben) [Hind, for " black salt "]. An East Indian polychrest remedy composed of salt, myrobalan and iron. Bitter [bit'-er) [AS., bitan, to bite]. A peculiar, well- known taste, of which quinin presents an example ; unpalatable. B. Almond, the nut of the Amygdalum amarum. It contains hydrocyanic acid. B. Almond Green. Same as Malachite Green. B. Almond Oil, oleum amygdalae amarse. See Benzaldehyd. B.Apple, the fruit of the colocynth, a. purgative remedy. B. Blain, a West Indian herb, Vandellia diffusa, em- ployed in fevers and in hepatic disorders. Unof. B. Bloom. The same as American Centaury, g. v. B. Bugleweed, the herb Lycopus europceus, alterative and tonic. Dose of fid. ext. ,^ss-j. Unof B. Cup, a cup made of quassia wood. It is a tonic. B. King, the shrub or tree, Soulamea amara, intensely bitter in all parts, and reputed to be antiperiodic. Unof. B. Purging Salt, sulphate of magnesia. B. Root, the root of Gentiana catesbtEi,.& iojxic. B. Tincture, the tinctura amara (N.F.), prescribed also in the Ger- man pharmacy ; it is a tincture of gentian, centaury, bitter orange-peel, orange-berries, and zedoary ; it is known also as Stomach Drops. B. Wine of Iron, a solution of white wine, syrup, citrate of iron and quinin. Tonic. See Iron. Bittering {bit'-er-itig) [AS., biian, to bite]. A disease of wine in which it acquires a bitter flavor, due to the formation of a substance that develops as the wine ages, or if it be exposed to too high a temperature. Bitters [bit'-ers) [AS., bitan, to bite]. IMedicines char- acterized by a bitter taste. B., Aromatic, medicines that unite the properties of aromatics with those of simple bitters. B., Simple, medicines that stimulate the gastro-intestinal tract without influencing the gen- eral system. B., Styptic, medicines that add styptic and astringent properties to those of bitterness. See Angustura. Plttersvireet (ij/'-«r-j7»?/'). Se.e Dulcamara. B., False. See Climbing Staff Tree. Bitumen (bit-u'-men) [L., bitumen]. Mineral pitch or oil composed of various hydrocarbons. In the solid form it is usually called asphalt; in the liquid form, petroleum. An intermediate form is known as mineral tar or maltha. By distillation, bitumen yields benzol, naphtha, paraffin, and various other hydrocarbons, liquid and gaseous. bituminous [bit-u'-min-us) [bitumen, bitumen]. Of the nature of or containing bitumen. B. Coal. See Coal. Biuret {bi'-u-ret)[bi,tvro; oJpov, urine], C2H5NSO2 + HjOi A compound formed by exposing urea to a high temperature for a long time. It is readily soluble 14 in water and in alcohol ; it crystallizes with one molecule of water in the form of warts and needles. When anhydrous, biuret melts at 190° with decomposition. B. Reaction, or Test. See Tests, Table of. Bivalence (biv' -al-ens) [bi, two ; valens, having power]. In chemistry, a valence or saturating power that is double that of the hydrogen atom. Bivalent [biv' -a.'-ent) [bi, two ; valens, having power] . In chemistry, applied to an element of which an atom can replace two atoms of hydrogen or other univalent element, or to a radical that has the same valence as a bivalent atom. Bivalve {bi'-valv) [bi, two ; valva, a valve] . Having two valves or shells, as a mollusc or a speculum. Biventer [bi-ven' -ter) [bi, two ; venter, a belly] . Hav- ing two bellies, as a muscle. B. cervicis, the inner portion of the complexus muscle. B. maxills, the digastricus muscle. Biventral [bi-ven' -tral) [bi, two; ventrum,a. stomach]. Having two stomachs ; having two bellies ; as a digas- tric muscle. Bixin (biks'-in) [Bixa, a genus of plants], CjgHjgOj. An orange-red coloring-matter found in Annatto. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Bizygomatic [bi-zi-go-mat' -ik) [bi, two; (iiyu/ia, the zygomatic arch]. Relating to the most prominent points on the two zygomatic arches. Bizzozero's Blood-plates. See Blood-plates. B. Method, a method of studying blood-plaques : A drop of a three-quarter per cent, sodium chlorid solution with one part of a concentrated aqueous solution of methyl violet for every 5000 of salt solu- tion, is placed on the finger, which is then punctured. The blood and solution are mixed on the finger. Bjeloussowr's Gum Arabic and Borax Mass. For injecting tissues. Take one part, by weight, of gum arable and make a syrupy solution in water. Taite a half part, by weight, of sodium biborate and make a solution in water. Mix the two solutions, when a mass resembling gelatin will be obtained. This mass, which is almost insoluble in water, is rubbed up with water and forcibly strained through linen. Repeat the operation, when a solution miscible in all propor- tions with water is obtained. This may be colored by carmin or any pigment except cadmium and cobalt. Black {blak') [AS., blcec]. Absence of color or light. The appearance of an object from whose surface none of the spectrum colors is reflected. B. Alder. See Prinos. B. Antimony, antimonium tersulphid, Sb- S3. B. Ash, the bark of Fraxinus sambucifolia , a mild tonic and astringent. Dose of fid. ext. 3 ssj-j. Unof. B. Asphaltum. &axae3.s Japan Black. B. Birch. See Birch. B. Blood, venous blood. B. Cancer. See Melanosis. B. Cohosh. See Cimici- fuga. B.-damp, carbon dioxid gas, which is found in greater or less quantity in all collieries, being given off by many coals, either mixed with fire-damp,, or separately, or produced in various other ways, as by " the exhalations of the men, by fires, and by explo- sions of fire-damp. Also called choke-damp. B. Death. See Plague. B. Disease, I. A disease of malarial origin and pernicious course, character- ized by extreme darkening of the skin, which may be brown or black in color. It occurs in the Garo Hills in Assam. 2. See Aubernage. B. Draught. See Senna, B, Drop. See Opium. B. Erysipe- las. Synonym of Anthrax. B. Eye, livor (or sugillatio) oculi. See Ecchymosis. B. Haw. See Viburnum. B.-head. See Comedo. B. Hellebore. See Hellebore. B. Hoarhound. See Ballota. B. Induration. See Induration. B. Infiltration. $ee Miner' s Phthisis. B. Jaundice, an excessive jajm- BLACKBERRY 210 BLASTOCELE dice arising from obstruction of the gall-ducts. The color of the skin is greenish-black. B. Lead, a form of carbon properly known as the mineral graphite. B.-Leg, I. A febrile, generally fatal disease, chiefly affecting cattle and sheep, which is characterized by the rapid appearance of irregular nodules in the skin and muscular tissues, that are at first tense and very pain- ful, but rapidly become painless and crepitating. There is no enlargement of the spleen. It is caused by anae- robic bacilli. It is also called Symptomatic Anthrax. 2. A synonym of the severe form of Purpura. B. Leprosy. See Leprosy. B. Measles, I. The local Californian name for a disease of the grape, due to Plasmodiophora californica (Viala and Sanragean). Cf. Bi;unis5ure. 2. Rubeola nigra ; a grave or malig- nant form of measles. B. Pepper. ?>et Piper nigrum. B. Phthisis. A synonym of Miners' Asthma. B. Quarter. Synonym of Anthrax. See also Black Leg. B. Satnpon. %e.e Echinacea Angustifolia. B. Snake-root. See Cimicifuga. B. Spauld. See Black-Leg. B. Spit. See Miner's Phthisis. B. Swreat. See Chromidrosis . B. Tongue, I. See Glossophytia. i. A name given to a condition char- acterized by the formation upon the dorsum of the tongue of a hair-like deposit that passes through various stages of coloration from yellow to brown and finally black, ultimately disappearing by desqua- mation as gradually as it came. Repeated recurrence is the rule. It is probably an undue proliferation of the epithelium, the result of irritation. 3. See Nigri- ties. 4. A term applied to erysipelatous glossitis. B. Vomit, the coffee-ground vomit of yellow fever, etc. B. Walnut, the leaves of Juglans nigra, a tonic, alterative and deobstruent. Dose of fld. ext. tl^ xx— XXX. Unof. B. Wash. See Hydrargyrurti. B. Willow, the buds of Salix nigra, a bitter tonic with aphrodisiac properties. Dose of fld. ext. tt\, xv-gj. Unof Blackberry {blak'-ber-e) [AS., blcec; berie, berry]. See Rubus. B. Cordial, the cordiale rubi fructus\H .Y .). Its formula is : blackberry juice, 3 pints ; cinnamon in coarse powder, 2 Tr. oz. ; cloves and nutmeg, in coarse powder, each ^ Tr. oz. ; dilute alcohol, 2 pints ; syrup, 3 pints. Blackboy Gum. See Acaroid Resin. Blackley Blue. Same as Soluble Blue. Blackvirater Fever {blak' -wat-er fe'-ver) . See Fever. 31adder [blad'-er') [AS., blcedre, a blister]. The mem- branous, sac-like reservoir or receptacle for the urine. B., Atony of, inability to expel the urine, from de- ficient muscular power. B., Catarrh of. See. Cystitis. B., Extrophy, or Extroversion of, absence of the anterior wall of' the bladder, and more or less de- ficiency of the corresponding part of the abdomen. B., Fasciculated, the walls thrown into ridges by chronic cystitis. B. -green. See Pigment, Conspectus of . B., Hernia of. See Cystocele. B., Inflammation of. See Cystitis. B., Inversion Of, a protrusion or an invagination of the bladder through the urethra. B., Irritable, a condition characterized by constant desire to urinate. B., Neck of, the constricted portion con- tinuous with the urethra in front. B., Nervous, a condition in nervous patients in which there is a fre- quent desire to pass water, with inability at the same time to perform the act perfectly, and consequent slight dribbling at its close. B., Paralysis of, the same symptoms as in atony, but more marked and due to nervous or central disease. If affecting the neck alone, there \%' incontinence ; if the body of the organ, retention of urine. B., Sacculated, pouches formed between the hypertrophied muscular fibers. B. Senna, the plant' Colutea arborescens of Europe ; its leaves are used as a substitute for senna. Unof. B. Tetter. See Pemphigus. B., Trigone of, the triangular, smooth surface upon the inner surface of the base of the bladder, immediately behind the urethral orifice. B. - Worm. See Worm. B.- wort. See Utricularia. B. -wrack. See Fucus vesiculosus. Bladdery Fever {blad' -er-e fever). See Fever. Blade {blad) [ME., blad, a leaf-of grass]. In biology, the broad part of a leaf. B.-bone. The scapula or shoulder-blade. Blsesitas (ble' -sit-as). See Blesitas. Blain [blan) [ME., blane, a blister], i. A blister; an elevation of the cuticle containing serum. Synonym of Anthrax. 2, A disease peculiar to the ox, marked by sudden swelling of the head, neck, and throat, and by the development of several large vesicles on the tongue that tend to cause suffocation. Blainville's Ear. See Diseases, Table of, and Ear, Deformities of. Blair's Wheat Food. A variety of farinaceous food for infants. Blake's Disc. A device used in treating purulent otitis media. It is a paper disc pasted over the perfof&tion of the tympanic membrane after the discharge has cefsed. Blanc (^/«>,4(«^)) [Fr.]. White. B. d'argent. See Pigment. B. fixe. Same as Permanent White. B. -mange, a jelly-like food-preparation, having as a basis gelatin, carragheen, isinglass, starch, or arrow- root, boiled with milk and variously flavored. Blancard's Pills. Pills containing the iodid of iron. Bland (bland) \blandus, mild]. A term applied to mild and soothing medicines and applications. Blandin {plan' -din). See Glairin. Blandin's Glands. See Gland. B.'s Operations. See Operations, Table of. Blanket (blan'-ket) [Fr., blanc, white]. A woolen covering, so called because originally of white color. B. Bath. See Bath, Sheet or Pack. Blasius's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Blastelasma {blas-tel-az' -mah) [fSTMaTSc, a germ; l/la(T//a, plate ://. , Blastelasmata']. In embryology, any secondary germ-layer appearing from, or later than, the endoderm and ectoderm. Blastema {blas-te' -mah) [^pUdTTifia from pXadTavciv, to germinate]. The formative lymph or pabulum of c^tUary exudation, A synonym of protoplasm. Blastemal {blas-te' -mal) [^Xaarhiuv, to germinate]. Of the nature of a blastema ; pertaining to a blastema. Blastem&tic (blas-tem-af-ik), or Blastematous {bias- tem'-at-us) [fl/laardiiEfii, to germinate]. Blastemal. Blastemic {blas-tem'-ik) [^^fbOaTiveiv, to germinate]. Relating to blastema ; rudimentary; bioplasmic. Blastide {blas'-tid) \_^2acT6^, a germ]. In embryolo- gy, a very small clear spot on the fecundated ovum marking the place of the nucleus or cytoblast. Blasting Gelatin {blas'-ting jel'-at-in). Gelatin Dynamite. A mixture of about 80 parts of nitro- glycerin with 20 of nitro-cellulose. Any non-nitrated cotton or trinitro-cellulose interferes with the solution of the nitro-glycerin. The addition of 4 per cent, of camphor renders the mixture incapable of exploding when struck by a rifle-bullet, but it can be detonated by a strong dynamite cap. Blastocardia {blas-to-kar' -de-ah) \fi\aaTi^, a germ ; icapdta, the heart]. The germinal spot. Blastocarpous {blas-to-kar' -pus) [/S^aoriif , a germ ; Kapirdg, a fruit]. In biology, developing in the fruit. Blastocele {blas'-to-sll) [^^Aaarbg, a geim; /co(/lof, hol- low] . The central cavity of the blastula or vesicular morula. BLASTOCHEME 211 BLEEDING Blastochetne (bias' -to-keni) [/3Aa(7T(if , a germ ; Ix^iv, to hold, to have]. In biology, a medusiform zooid that gives origin to generative elepaents not imme- diate.ly, but through the intervention of sexual buds. , (AUman.) Blastochyle [bias' -to-kl/) [piaardq, a germ; ;i;w/'.(5f, juice]. In biology, the colorless fluid in the blasto- dermic vesicles. Qlastocoelum, Blastocoeloma, (blas-to-sefAanLyMas-to- se-lo'-maK) . Same as Blastocele. Blastocolla (blas-to-coV -ah) [;8/loffr(Sf, a shoot ; R6Xka, glue]. In biology, the balsam produced on buds by glandular hairs. Blastocolysis [blas-to-kol-i' -sis) \fi7Marhq,., a germ; KSkamiq, a cutting off]. The arrest of a develop- mental process. Blastocyst (6/as/-io-sist) [/3AoffrMi; , a germ ; Sipfin, the skin]. , In embryolqgy, the germinal membrane formed by the cells of the morula, lying on the inter- nal surface of the vitelline membrane of the impreg- nated ovum. The whole hollow sphere, with its sur- rounding cells, is called, the blastodermic vesicle, xa& is formed about the tenth day. The ectoderm (or epi- blast) and the endoderm (entoderm or hypoblast^ layers are simply due to a proliferation of the blastodermic cells about the germinal area, whereby the blastoderm is doubled, thus forming these outer and inner layers. The mesoblast or middle layer is developed after the latter, and probably from the hypoblast. Blastodermic (blas-to-der' -mik) [/3^a<7r(if , a germ ; depfia, the skin]. Relating to the blastoderm. Blastodisc (blas'-to-disk) [/S/lffiUTdf, a germ; Siaicoc, disc] . A blastodermic disc ; a mass or disc capping one pole of the yolk. Blastogenesis (blas-to-Jen'-es-is) [^ISXaardg, a germ ; yheaii, generation]. In biology, Weismann's theory of origin from germ-plasm (g. w. ) in contradistinction to Darwin's theory of Pangenesis. Blastogeny (blas-tof -en-e) [P^aarbq, a. germ ; jheac(, generation]. Haeckel's term for the germ-history of an individual organism ; a division of ontogeny. Blastoma (blas-to' -mah) [jSAaorof , a germ ; bfxa, a tumor : pi., Blastomata'] . A granular growth due to the presence of a germ or microorganism. Blastomatic (blas-to-maf -ik) [j3Aacrr(if , a germ ; hjia, a tumor] . Relating to a blastoma. Blastomere (bias' -to-mlr) {filaaroq, a germ ; fiipoi, a part] . Any one of the nucleated cells or segments into which the fecundated vitellus divides. Blastomeric (blas-to-mer'-ik) [(SAaaTdg, a germ ; /lipoc, a part]. Relating to or of the character of a blasto- mere. Blastoneuropore (blas-to-nu/ -ro-por") l^Mardg, a germ ; vevpof, a nerve ; ^rdypof,, a pore]. ,In biology, the tem- porary aperture in certain embryos formed by the coalescence of the blastopore and neuropore. '.Blastophore (bias' -to-for) {QXaaTiliq a germ ; i^kpuv, to bear]. That part of a sperm-cell that does not be- come converted into spermatozoa. Blastophyllum (blas-to-fil' -um) l^Xaarbs, a germ; (pvXXov, a leaf: pi., Blastophylla\ An endoderm or an ectoderm ; a primitive germ-layer. Blastophyly {blas-toff ' -il-e) \filaBTbi;, a germ; ^uA^, a tribe]. The tribal history of individual organ- isms. Blastopore (bias' -to-por) \SKaar6g, a germ ; vipoq, passage, pore]. In biology, the primitive mouth or archistome, the orifice to the two-layered embryo (blastula). "The blastopore is the small opening which leads into the notochordal canal, or after the canal has fused with the yolk- cavity, leads into the archenteron. It. is situated at the hind end of the primitive .axis (head-process) .and marks the anterior boundary of the anus, of Rusconi in amphibia, or of the primitive streak, properly so-called, of amniota.' ' (Minot). "Van Beneden's blastopore" is formed previously to the blastodermic cavity. Blastosphere (bias' -to-sflx) [fiXacrdQ, a germ ; afalpn, a sphere]. In biology, the "blastula," "germinal vesicle," or "vesicular germ." A hollow sphere composed of a, single, simple layer of germinal cells. A vesicular morula. Blastostyle (bias' -to-stil) \_^7taaT6q, a germ ; arvAoq, a pillar]. In biology, a columnar zooid devoted to the origination of sexual buds. Blastula (bias' -tu-lah) [dim. of pXaarbc, a germ: pi., Blastulaf]. In embryology, " The earliest form of the diaderm, a simple epithelial vesicle, the cavity of which is the large. segmentation. cavity " (Minot). Cf Blastosphere. Blastulation (blas-tu-la' -shori)- [dim. ,of ^'Aaarbg, a germ]. In embryology, the conversion of a morula or mulberry-germ into a blastula or vesicular germ. Blatta (blat'-ah) [L., " blood-colored"]. A genus of the BlattidiE. B. (Periplaneta) orientalis, the cock- roach ; the powdered body of the cockroach. A pop- ular remedy for dropsy among Russian peasants. It increases the amount of urine and diminishes the amount of albumin. Dose gr. iv— xx. Unof. See Antihydropin. Blaud's Pill. A pill containing sulphate of iron and carbonate of potash ; for use in amenorrhea, etc. See Pill Bleach (bllcK) [ME., blechen, to make white]. Tomake white or pale, to diminish the intensity q£ color. Bleached Lac. See Lac. Bleaching Powder, chlorinated Ume, a mixture of calcium chlorid and calcium hypochlorite, containing free rhlorin gas. It is much used as a disinfectant. Bleaching Fluid, eau de Javelle, a similar composition obtained by pass- ing chlorin gas into an emulsion of calcium hydrate. The most important bleaching agents are the follow- ing : Bleaching Agents. — Acids : Hydrochloric, Nitric, Sulphurous; Carbonate of Potassium (K.^C03); its value depends upon the percentage of carbonate it contains; Caustic Soda (NaOH), a coarse white powder ; Chlorid of lime, a white powder with a ch'o- rinous odor ; it is the most important of all ; Hydrogen dioxid (H^Oj), a colorless, odorless liquid. It is called ' ' Golden Hair-dye; ' ' Permanganate of Potas- sium (KjMnjOg) ; Soaps: Tallow, Rosin, and Olive Oil ; Soda Ash (NajCOj) ; its value depends on the amount of Na20 it contains ; Soda Crystals (Na^COj.- loHp). Bleacher's Eczema {blich'-erz ek'-zem-aK). Eczema of the hands of bleachers, due to their continuous im- mersion in hot water and strong lye. Blear Eye (bllr'-i) . See Blepharitis ulcerosa. mei){bleb). See Bulla. Blebby (bleb'-e) \_Scotch, bleb, " a blister"]. Covered with blebs. Blechropyra (blek-rop' -ir-ah) [P^rixpk, mild ; Trip, heat]. A transient fever ; a febricula. Blechrosphygmia (blek-ro-sfig'-me-ah) [pXijxpic, weak ; a(fivyii6g, pulse]. Weakness or slowness of the pulse. Bleed (bled) [AS., bledan, to bleed]. To shed or give vent to blood. Bleeders (ble'-derz) [AS. , blsdan, to bleed]. A popular term for those who are subjects of the hemorrhagic diathesis. B.'s Disease. See Hemophilia. Bleeding (ble'-ding) . See Bloodletting and Hemorrhage. BLEMMATROPE 212 BLEPHAROPLAStIC Blemmatrope {blem' -at-rof) {pXkfiiia, ■< glance ; -pevuv, to turn]. An apparatus for showing the various posi- tions of the eye in its orbit. Blennadenitis {blen-ad-en-i' -tis) \fi7ih)voq, mucus ; aSiiv, gland]. InSammation of the mucous glands and follicles. Blennelytria (blen-el-if -re-aK) \fiXkwoi, mucus ; i^vrpot), sheath]. Leucorrhea. Blennemesis {blen-em'-es-is) [^jiMm/a, mucus ; e/ihiv, to vomit]. The vomiting of mucus. Blennemetic (blen-em-et'-ik^ [/iXivva, mucus ; ifdeiv, to vomit]. Relating to or of the nature of blenneme- sis. Blennenteria (blen-en-te'-re-aK) [/3/l^wa, mucus; Ivrepov, intestine]. A mucous diarrhea or dysentery. Blennenteritis (ilen-en-ter-i' -tis) \_liUwa, mucus ; hirepov, intestine ; tng, inflammation] . i . Enteritis with a copious discharge of mucus. 2. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bowel. Blennentery (blen'-en-ter-e). Same zs Blennenteria. Blennogenic, or Blennogenous {blen-o-jen'-ik, or blen-oy ~en-us) \_^Xivva^ mucus ; ykvzaui, production]. Producing or secreting mucus ; muciparous. Blennoid {blen' -oid') ^pXiwa, mucus ; eZrfof, form]. Resembling mucus ; myxoid ; muciform ; mucoid. Blennoma [blen-o' -maK) \_l3?i£vva, mucus ; fl/^a, a tumor : //., Blennomatd^. I. A mucous polypus. 2. A myxoma. Blennometritis {blen-o-me-tri' -tis) \^Xkmia, mucus ; jif/Tpa, womb ; iTiq, inflammation] . Catarrhal metritis. Blennophthalmia (blen-off-ikal' -me-ah) \fiXkwa, mucus ; h^QaXiiia, disease of the eyes]. Catarrhal conjunctivitis. Blennoptysis [blen-op^ -tis-is) [/J/V^vfa, mucus ; ■jrrvffig, a spitting]. Bronchial mucous expectoration. Blennorrhagia {blen-or-a' -je-ah) \p'kkvva, mucus ; In^yvivai, to burst forth]. An excessive catarrhal dis- charge from the urethra or vagina. See Gonorrhea. Blennorrhagic {blen-or-a' -jik) [/?X^vvrt, mucus ; ^7?y- virvai, to burst forth]. Relating to blennorrhagia. Blennorrhea {blen-or-e' -ah) [/SAeoto, mucus ; pkuv, to flow]. Same as Blennorrhagia. Blennorrheal [blen-or-e' -al) [pXhva, mucus; lituv, to flow]. Relating to blennorrhea. Blennorrhinia [blen-or-in' -e-ah) [/3A^wa, mucus ; ^tf , the nose]. Coryza ; nasal catarrh. Blennosis (blen-o'-sis) [_pXiwa, mucus ; vdaoi;, disease : pi. , Blennoses"] . Any disease of a mucous membrane. Blennostasis (blen-os'-tas-is) [jiMwa, mucus ; arixsig, a staying]. The checking or suppression of any mu- cous discharge. Blennostatic (blen-os-taf -ik) [jSAewa, mucus ; (TTaatg, a staying]. Effecting a blennostasis ; checking mu- cous discharges. Blennothorax (blen-o-tho' -raks) \fl'/\iwa, mucus ; 66pa^, the thorax]. Pulmonary catarrh. Blennotorrhea (blen-ot-or-e'-ah) \_&Uwa, mucus ; ovq, ear ; ]>oia, a flow]. A mucous discharge from the ear. Blennozemia (l>len-o-ze' -me-ah) \jykkvva, mucus ; f>?|U(a, loss]. Same as Blennorrhea. Blennuria {blen-u' -re-ah) [^pXhva, mucus ; oipov, urine]. The presence of mucus in the urine. Blennymenitis (blen-im-en-i' -tis) [/JA^wa, mucus ; ii/iiiv, membrane] . Inflammation of any mucous sur- face. Blephara (blef -ar-ah). Plural o{ Blepharon, q.v. Blepharadenitis (blef-ar-ad-en-i'-tis) \JiXi.^apm, the eyelid; a(5^v,agland], Inflammation of the Meibomian glands. Blepharal (blef -ar-al) \jpdi^apav, the eyelid]. Relat- ing to an eyelid or to the eyelids. Blepharanthracosis (blef-ar-an-thrai-o'-sis) \_p\i^apm, the eyelid ; avflpaKuaic, a charring ; carbunculization]. Carbunciilar iniiammation of the eyelid. Blepharedema (blef-ar-e-de' -inah) [BXi, the eyelid ; mc, inflammation] . Relating to or affected with blepharitis. Blepharitis [blef-ar-i' -tis) [(SAc^apov, the eyelid ; mg, inflammation]. Inflammation of the eyelids. B. ciliaris, tarsal ophthalmia ; a pustular disease of the border of the eyelids, often the result of local irrita- tion arising from habits of uncleanliness. B. margi- nalis, inflammation seated at the marginal border of the lids. B. ulcerosa, an ulcerative inflammation of the eyelids. Blepharo-adenitis (blef -ar-o-ad-en-i' -tis). See Bleph- aradenitis. Blepharo-adenoma (blef -ar-o-ad-en-o' -mah) [^SAI^- ap(yv, the eyelid; h&ifv, a gland; hp.a, a tumor; fl., Blepharo-adenomata\ An adenoma on the ciliary margin of the eyelid. Blepharo-atheroma (blef -ar-o-ath-er-o' -mah) [;3Ai4- apov, an eyelid ; aBf/pafui, a tumor full of gruel-like matter]. An atheromatous tumor imbedded in the tarsus of the lid ; it is cystic and contains a semifluid detrital substance. Blepharochromidrosis (blef -ar-o-kro-mid-ro' -sis) \pA- (papov, the eyelid; xP'^l'-o-^ color; iSpiig, sweat]. Colored sweat of the eyehds, usually of a bluish tint. Blepharocleisis (blef ar-o-kli' -sis) \fi\i^apaii, the eye- lid; KXeiaic, closure]. Ankyloblepharon; abnormal closure of the eyelids. Blepharodyschrea (blefar-o-dis-kre'-ah), or Blepha- rodyschroia (blefar-o-dis-kroV-ah) [^A^^apov, the eyelid; Sva-, bad; ;f/30i(4, color]. Discoloration of ti|e eyelid from nevus or from any other cause. Blepharoedema (blef ar-o-e-de' -mah). See BUphare- dejna, Blepharolithiasis (blef -ar-o-lith-i' -as-is) l^Xlijiapov, the eyelid; Aifof, a stone]. The formation of marginal concretions within the eyelid. Blepharon (blef-ar-on) \Jp^k^apov, the eyelid: //., Blephara^ The eyelid ; palpebra. Blepharoncus (blef-ar-ongf-kus) \fiXk, the eye- lid ; ^fM, a growth: //., Blepha?-ophymata'\. A tumor of, or outgrowth from, the eyelid. Blepharoplastic (blefar-o-plas'-tik) \fiXJk^pm, the eyelid ; TrXaariKAq, plastic]. Pertaming to blepharo- plasty. BLEPHAROPLASTY 213 BLOOD Blepharoplasty [hlef -ar-o-plas-te) \fi\i^apm>, the eye- lid ; ttTmbcuv, to form]. An operation for the for- mation of any part of the eyelid destroyed by wound or lesion, by engrafting dr transplanting from a con- tiguous healthy part. Blepharoplegia {blef-ar-o-plt' -je-ah) [^pXcipapov, the eye- lid.; 7r)l,!7yi^, a stroke] . Paralysis of an eyelid. Blepharoptosis {blef-ar-op-to' -sis) \fi'Xi^apm>, the eyelid; TTTciai^, a fall]. Ptosis of an upper eyelid. See Ptosis. Blepharopyorrhea {blef-ar-o-pi-or-e' -aK) {fiXk^apav, the eyelid ; Triov pus ; pkziv, to flow] . A flow of pus from the eyelid. Blepharorrhaphy (blef-ar-or' -a-fe) \fiM<^apov, the eye- lid; l>aj^, a seam]. The stitching together of a part of the blepharal slit. Blepharorrhea [bkf-ar-or-e' -ah) \fiM^apov., the eyelid ; lio'ia, a flow] . A discharge from the eyelid. Blepharospasm [blef -ar-o-spa%m) [_pMij>apov, the eye- lid ; aira(jft6g, a spasm] . Spasm of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. Excessive winking. Blepharospath (blef -ar-o-spcaK) [l3Xiapoi>, the eyelid ; (Tirdft?, a blade] . A forceps for taking up or holding an artery ; for use in operations on the eyelid. Blepharostat (blef -ar-o-sta() {pT^i^apm, the eyelid ; 'mravai, to cause to stand] . An instrument for hold- ing the eyelids apart or firm whilst performing opera- tions upon the eyes or lids. Blepharostenosis (blef-ar-o-ste-no' -sis) \pXc^aporv, the eyelid ; OTEViif , narrow] . Diminution of the space between the eyelids. Blepharosynechia (blef-ar-o-sin-ek-i' -ah) \_P%^(jiapov , the eyelid ; avvix^i-it a holding together] . The adhe- sion or growing together of the eyelids. Blepharotomy (blef-ar-of -o-me") \fi'kii^apa\>, the eyelid ; rkjivuv, to cut], ^ncision into the eyelid. B., Ob- lique. Sphincterotomy, or Stellwag's operation. See Operations, Table of. Blesitas (ble' -sit-as) [blcEsus, a lisping]. Stammering or lisping ; the use of a vocalized consonant instead of a mute ; as b iorp. Also the condition of one with distorted limbs. Applied also to an angular curvature of the spine. The term is loosely used. Blessed Thistle, (bles'-ed this'-l) . See Carduus. Blight (bllt) [origin unknown]. A partial paralysis of certain facial nerves, arising from sudden or extreme cold. B. of the Eye, an extravasation of blood within the conjunctiva. VA-vcii (blind) \h&.,blind\ Without sight. Deprived of sight. B. Spot, that part of the area of the fundus of the eye where the optic nerve enters. B. Staggers. See Staggers. Blinder (Wm(/'-^r) [AS., blind 1. A shield worn before an eye, to temporarily throw it out of function. See Gould, Method of. B. Treatment of monocular amblyopia. See Gould, Method of . Blindness (bhnd'-nes) [AS., blind ^ Want of vision . Color-B., subnormal perception of colors. This con- dition is found in about 4 per cent, of people, is more frequent in men than in women, and is probably due to non-exercise of the color sense. Complete Color- B. is very rare, the different colors probably appear- ing as different intensities or shades of white light. In Partial Color-B. subnormal perception of red is the most frequent, green, blue and yellow, respectively, being next in order. Tests for Color-B. usually consist in matching and classifying colored yarns. Cortical B., B. diie to lesion of the cortical center of vision. Day-B. See Nyctalopia. Mind-B. See Psychic B. Moon-B., a rare condition of retinal anesthesia said to be due to exposure of the eyes to the moon's rays in sleeping. Night-B. See Hemera- lopia. B., Object-. See Apraxia. Psychic B., loss of conscious visual sensation from destruction of the cerebral visual center; there is sight but not recog- nition. Snow-B., photophobia and conjunctivitis due to exposure of the eyes to the glare of sunlight upon snow. B., Word-. See Aphasia. Blister (blis'-ier) [ME., blister, a vesicle]. A vesicle resulting from the exudation of serous fluid between the epidermis and true skin. Also the agent by which the blister is produced. B., Fly, a beetle, Cantharis uesicatoria , the body of which is used as a blistering agent ; a blister of cantharides. B., Flying, a blister that remains long enough to produce redness of the skin and not vesication. B. Test, for gout. The serum from a blister in a gouty individual will yield crystals of uric acid when examined by Garrod's thread test (y. v.), only, however, when the blister is situated at a distance from the affected joint. According to Garrod the acid cannot be detected in the fluid from a blister in the neighborhood of the gouty articulation, and he infers that gouty inflammation causes a local destruction of uric acid. Blistering (blis' -ter-ing) [ME., blister, a vesicle]. Forming a vesicle upon the skin. B. Collodion, a solution of cantharidin in ether. B. Liquid. Same as B. Collodion. B. Paper, paper saturated with cantharides ; used for producing vesication. Bloat (blot) \yi.'^.,blote, swelling]. I. Puffiness; edema; turgidity from any cause, as from anasarca. 2. A form of colic in the horse produced by tympanitic distention of the intestines. Also called Wind Colic. Block (blok) [ME., blok, a piece of wood]. In dentistry a mass of gold foil for filling teeth, made by folding a tape of foil upon itself several times by means of pliers. B. Teeth. Two or more artificial teeth carved from a piece of ivory, or carved or moulded from a mass of porcelain paste and afterwards baked and enamelled. B. Teeth, Biscuiting, or Criicing of. The teeth, after being moulded or carved, are placed on a slide and put in the muffle of a furnace and subjected to a bright-red heat, by which process the particles become sufficiently agglutinated and hardened to receive the enamel. This is called biscuiting or crucing. Blond (blond) [Fr., blond, light, fair]. I. Light com- plexioned ; fair. 2. A person with a fair complexion. Blood (blud) [ME, i/oorf]. The fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, and veins, supplying nutri- tive material to all parts of the body. In the human being the blood of the arteries is bright-red ; that of the veins dark-red. Blood consists of colorless plasma in which are suspended the red and colorless corpus- cles. When exposed to the air it coagulates, forming a red-clot and a yellowish fluid called serum. Healthy blood consists of 79 per cent of water, and 21 per cent, solids. B. -Casts, tube- casts to which red-blood corpuscles are attached. B. -Corpuscles, small, circular, biconcave discs floating in the blood. Red corpuscles are circular in mammals (except the camel), and elliptical in birds and reptiles. In man they are about j^Vir inch in diameter and YyJ,5^ inch thick. Color- less corpuscles are about one-third larger in diame- ter and comparatively few. They exhibit movements similar to those of amebce. The coloring-matter of the B. is found in a substance Human Colored Blood- ■^ Corpuscles. I, on the flat; 2, on edge,* 3, rouleau of corpuscles. (After Landois^ BLOODLESS 214 known as hemoglobin, and is said to be due to minute quantities of the salts of iron. B.-cure, the therapeutic employment of fresh blood, mainly that of bullocks. BLUMENBACH, CLIVUS OF Ideal Transverse Section of a Human Red Blood- corpuscle (magnified 500 times). a, b, diameter ; c, d, thickness. (After Landois.) B. -crystals, crystals of a substance known as hema- toidin. B., Defibrinated, freshly shed blood that has been beaten with a glass rod or tongs until the fibrin has all adhered to the rod in the iform of a solid, fibrous, yellowish-white, elastic mass. B. -flower. See Asclepias. B. -fluke. See Bilharzia Hematobia. B., Gases of, certain gases given off when blood is exposed to the vacuum produced by an air-pump. They are carbonic acid, nitrogen, and oxygen, and constitute about half of the volume of the blood. B. -globules. Same as B. -corpuscles. B. -heat, a temperature varying from 98° to 100° F. B. -islands, a term applied to the groups of corpuscles developed during the first days of embryonic life, within the large branched cells of the mesoblast. B., Loss of. See Hemorrhage. B.-mole, in obstetrics, a mole consisting of the decidua only, interspersed with effu- sions of blood, the fetus having been expelled. B.- plaque. See B .-platelets . B. -plasma, the liquor sanguinis, or fluid part of the blood. B. -plate. See B.-platelets. B. -platelets ; besides the red and col- orless corpuscles, the blood contains smaller formed elements, concerning which there are many theories and names. Hayem describes Hematoblasts ; Pouches describes Globulins; Max Schultze, Kornchen (ele- mentary bodies) ; Bizzozero, Blut-pldltchen, or Blood- platelets. They are circular or oval, light gray, and in human blood destitute of nuclei. They are from I to 1.3 fi in size, there beir^ from 18,000 to 300,000 in' the cubic millimeter. B. -poisoning, a common term denoting any ailment arising from the intro- duction of decomposing organic matter or putrefac- tive germs into the blood. See Anthrax, Pyemia and Septicemia. B. -pressure, the force of compres- sion exerted by the blood upon the walls of the vessels under the influence of the heart's action, the elastic walls, etc. Various instruments have been devised to estimate the amount of this pressure, the Hemadynamo- meter of Poiscuille, Ludwig's Kymograph, Pick's Spring Kymograph, v. Birsch's Sphygmomanometer, the Graduated Sphygmograph, Manometer, etc. B.-root. See Sanguinaria. B.-shot, extravasated with blood. B.-spavin. See Spavin. B. -stone. See Conspictus of Pigments, \misx Pigment. B. -striking. Synonym of Anthrax. See also Black-leg. B. -tablet. See Blood-plate. B.-tunior. See Hematoma. B. -ves- sel, a tube-like structure for conveying the blood through the body. Cf. Artery and Vein. ^ Bloodless {blud'-les) [ME., bloody. Without blood. B. Operations, surgical operations, such as amputa- tions, in which the member is so bandaged by com- presses and elastic bands that the blood is expelled and kept from the par< to be operated upon. Bloodletting (blud-lef -ing) [ME,, blood ; leten\ The artificial abstraction of blood from the body. B., Gen- eral, venesection or phlebotomy; it acts by reducing the heart's action and diminishing the quantity of blood. It is occasionally used with excellent results in pneumonia, sunstroke, etc. B., Local or Topical. Sefe Cupping, Leeching or Scarification. It is useful in certain inflammatory conditions. Bloody {blud'-e) [ME., blood.'] Having the nature of, or filled with blood. B. Flux. See Dysentery. B. Milk. See Red Milk Bacillus and Bacteria, Syno- nymatic. Table of. B. Murrain. Synonym of Anthrax. B. Sweat. See Ephidrosis. Bloom {blam) [ME., Wow, a blossom]. I. A blossom, 2. A state of health. 3. See tubricdting Oils. Blossom(blos'-um)[ME.,blossome,a.Ao-wer]. In biology, (l) the flower of a plant ; (2) to put forth flowers. Blotch (block) [origin uncertain] . A pimple or blain ; a small discolored patch of skin; a group of small pustules. Blow (to) [AS., blovan]. I. To pant. 2. To deposif eggs upon, as flies. Blowing Sound. See Bellows Murmur. Blown {blon) [ME., blowen]. In farriery, with the stomach distended from gorging with food. B. Meat, meat that has been blown up with air in order to give it a white color and to hide defects in its condition. Blow-pipe {bio' -pip). A cylindrical tube, from twelve to eighteen inches long, about half an inch in diame- ter at one end, and gradually tapering to a fine point or nozzle, which may be straight or bent at a right . angle ; it is used in directing the flame of a lamp in a fine conical tongue. B., Automaton, in dentistry, a blow-pipe especially designed for crown and bridge- work, into which the air is admitted and conducted through a small tube to the upper end of another which admits illuminating gas. The supply of both air and gas is regulated by the presssui-e of the thumb or fingers on the rubber tubes of the appliance. B., Oxyhydrogen, an apparatus for producing intense heat by buming hydrogen or illuminating gas at the end of a mixing nozzle. Bloxaih's Test. See Tests, Table of. Blue {bloo) [ME., blew]. One of the colors of the spectrum. B., Alexandria, Same as Egyptian Blue. B.-Baby, a child with blue disease. B. -bottle. See Centaurea. B. Blindness, acyariopsia. B. Cohosh. See Caulophyllum. B. Disease, cyanosis of the new-born, due frequently to (Congenital disease of the heart. This usually consists in constriction of the pulmonary artery with deficiency in the septum of the ventricles, the aorta communicating with the right ventricular cavity. See Cyanopathy. B. Flag. See Iris. B. Gentian, the root of Gentiana catesbcei, tonic and stomachic. Dose of fid. ext. n\, x-xl. Unof. B. Gum. See Gingival. B. Gum Tree. See Eucalyptus. B. Cardinal Flower. Synonym of Lobelia syphilitica. B. Kdeiha, a puffed and bluish appearance of the limb sometimes seen in hysterical paralysis. B. Jaundice. See Acleitocar- dia. B. Line. See Lead Line. B. Malachite. Same as Azurite. B. Mass. See Hydrargyrum, B.-milk Bacillus, Bacillus cyanogenus ; it imparts a blue color to milk and renders it irritating to the stomach and intestine. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. B. Ocher. See Conspectus of Pigments under Pigment. B. Ointment. See Hydrargyrum. B. Pill. See Hydrargyrum. B., Prussian. See Pigment. B. Stick. Same as B. Stone. B, Stone, See Copper and B. Vitriol. B. Verditer. Same as Bremen Blue. B. Vervain. .See Verbena. B. Vitriol. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Blues [blooe] [ME., blew"]. A popular name for short periods of mental depression ; they are usually asso- ciated with indigestion. Blumenbach, Clivus of. See Clivus. B., Plane of. See Plane. BLUNT-HOOK 215 BONDUC SEEDS Blunt-hook (blunk'-hobJe)'. ' An obstetric instrument, used mainly m embryotomy. , Blunzen (blum'-en) [Ger.]. A peculiar Wurtemberg ' sausage, made by filling the stomachs of hogs with meat, and cured by a method favoring putrefaction. This is the most common source of sausage-poisoning. See Allantiasis and Botulismus. Blushing (blush'-ing) [ME., WajAf», to glow]. The reddening of ' the face through shame, modesty, or confusion. See Rubor. Boa (bo' -ah) [L. ] . An ancient name applied to various eruptions and eruptive diseases, as measles, smallpox, hydroa, syphilis. B. Vista Fever. See Fever. Boas's Test. See Tests, Table of. Boat-belly {bof-bel-e). See Scaphoid Abdomen. Bobb's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bochdalek's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of. B's Pseudo-ganglion. See Fseudo-ganglion. Bock, Nerve of. See Nerves, Table of. Bockhart's Blood-serum Mercury. A mercurial used in the treatment of syphilis. It is prepared as follows from the blood of sheep, horses, or oxen : IO;J^ drams of blood-serum, sterilized after Koch's method, are placed in a graduated glass, and then mixed with a solution of 45 grains of bichlbrid of- mercury dis- solved in one ounce of boiling distilled water. The precipitate formed is redissolved by the addition of 105 grains of chlorid of sodium, dissolved in five drams of distilled water. This compound is then a three per cent, solution of blood-serum mercury. By adding enough distilled water to make six ounces five drams, we have the solution generally used, containing one and one-half per cent of the mfercurial salt. Injections of 15 minims (containing one-quarter grain of subli- mate, combined with albiimin) are made daily. Bodo \bo'-do) [L.]. A genus of flagellate protozoans. B. saltans has been reported as living in great num- bers in unhealthy ulcerations. B. urinarius has been found in the urine of cholera-patients. Soiy (bod'-e) \_K&.,bodig']. I. The animal frame with its organs. Also a cadaver or corpse. 2. This term is applied by the manufacturer of porcelain teeth to the parts composing the principal portion of the artificial organ. 3. The tube of a microscope, including the draw-tube ; it is the tube receiving the ocular at one end and the objective at the other. See also Corpus, and Corpora. B. Cells. See Heredity. B. Louse. See Pediculus. B. -plasm. See Somatoplasm, xmAer Here- dity. B., Sub-thalamic. See Liiys, Body of. Boeckel's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Boerhaave, Glands of. See Gland. Bog [bog) [E. dial.]. To ease the body by stool. Bog {bog) [G2Le\., bogan, Sl ho%]. Ground that is wet and spongy. B.-bean. See Buckbean. B.-spavin. See Spavin. Bogue's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bohm's Acid Carmin. See Stains, Table of. B.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bohmer's Hematoxylin Solution. See Stains, Table of Bohun Upas [bo'-hun-u'-pas). See Aniiar and Upas. Boil [boit) [ME., boile"]. A furuncle ; a localized inflam- mation of the skin and subcutaneous connective tissue attended by the formation of pus. See Furunculus. B., Aleppo or B., Delhi, a peculiar ulcerative affection endemic in India, due to a specific and pathogenic mi- crobe. It has been proposed by Heydenreich to call this Tropical Boil Other names are Fenjdeh Boil and Bouton Biskra. B. -plague. Synonym of Anthrax. Boiled Oil. Linseed oil that has been heated to a high temperature (130° C. and upward), while a current of air is passed through or over the oil, and the temperature increased until the' oil begins 'to effervesce -from evolution of products of decomposi- tion. B.-sago Matter. Vitrebus-looking bodies fre- quently seen in the stciols of dysentery. They are simply granules of starch ingested as food Snd remain- ing partially or wholly undigested. They are also called Frogs' -spawn matter. Boiler-makers' Deafness. See Deafness. 'Boiling {boil' -ing) [ME., i5oz7m, to stir]. The vapori- zation of a liquid when it gives bff vapor having the same tension as the surrounding air. Most tissues, animal and vegetable, are softened and rendered mbre or less soluble by boiling. Albumin and most albu- minoids, however, are rendered insoluble. The tem- perature of boiling water at the level of the sea is 212° F. (100° G.) ; it decreases with increasing alti- tude. B. Test. See Tests, Table of. Boissons '{bwah' -song) [^Fr.^ Cheapfermented liquors made from raisins or other dried fruits to which sweet- ened water is added and fermentation allowed. Sola {ba'-lah). ■ See Myrrh. Bolary iho'-lar-e) \bolus, clay] . Of the natuire of bole. Bolax {bo'-laks). See Balsam-bog. B. Gum. See Balsam-bog. Bolbomelanoma {bol-bo-mel-an-o'-mah) [^0X^6^, a bulb ; /j.e?AvU/ia, blackness] . Melanotic carcinoma of the eyeball. Boldin {bol'-din). See Boldus. Boldo {bol'-do). See Boldus. B.-glucine, an aro- matic glucosid obtained from Peumus boldus and other species. It is a. hypnotic in doses of gr. xx-zj. Unof. Boldoa [bol'-do-ah) [Chilian, Boldu]. A genus of monimiaceous frees. B. fragrans, the tree Peumus boldus. See Boldus. Boldus (io/'-aiii) [L.]. Boldo. The leaves and stems of an evergreen, Peumus boldus, native to Chili and vicinity, sometimes used in anemia and general debility as a substitute for quinin. It contains a bitter alkaloid, ^o/fl?z«, an hypnotic in doses of gr. iij. B., Ext., Fid. Dose Tt\j-iv. B., Tinct., contains 20 per cent, of the drug. Dose ITLv-viij. Bole (i5o/) \fiuko^, a clod of earth]. I. A translucent, soft variety of clay formerly much used in medicine, internally as an astringent, externally as an absorbent. Dose gr. v-x. Several varieties are used, as the Armenian bole; the Lemnian, and the French bole. 2. A bolus. See Bolus. Boletus (bo-le'-tus) [^aklrriQ, a kind of mushroom]. A genus of fungi, some species of which are edible, while others are highly poisonous. None is official. Bologna {bo-lon'-yah) [It ]. A city of northern Italy. B. Lime. Same as Vienna White. B. Phosphorus, a sulphid of barium, having the property of emitting a pale, feeble light in the dark. Bolus {bo'-lus) [L. ;//., Boli; Eng. pi.. Boluses'], I. A mass of medicine exhibited in the form of a large pill. 2. A mass of masticated food ready to swallow. Bombardier Beetle. See Brachenin. Bombax ( bom'-baks) \bombyx, cotton]. A genus of hiige tropical malvaceous trees of many species. Some of these trees afford demulcent diuretic medi- cines. Mocmain, q.v., isaproduct of ^. malabaricum. Bombus {bom' -bus) l^l36/ij3oi, a humming sound]. A ringing or buzzing sound in the ears ; tinnitus. Also a sonorous movement or rumbling flatus of the intestines : borborygmus. Bona Fever {bo'-nah fe'-ver) . See Fever. Bonbon (^o«'-3o«) [Fr. ] . A confection. B., Pectoral, a medicated antibechic confection. Bond's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bonduc Seeds {bon'-duk sldz). See Bonducella. • BONDUCELLA 216 BORON Bonducella (bon-du-sel' -aK) [L. ]. Bonduc Seeds. The seeds of Ccesalpinia bonducella^ a tropical plant. It is a bitter tonic and antiperiodic in intermittent fevers. Dose gr. x-xv.b B., Pulv., Comp., contains bonduc and black pepper. Dose gr. xv-xx. Bone {bon) [AS., ban, a bone]. A hard tissue that constitutes the framework or skeleton of the body. It is composed mainly of tri-calcium phosphate and cartilage. Bone usually consists of a compact outer mass covered with periosteum , surrounding a reticu- lated inner structure that encloses a central cavity filled with marrow. A transverse section of a long bone shows bone-tissue to be composed of a number of nearly circular zones, each having a central tube, the Haversian canal, through which the blood circu- lates. Surrounding the Haversian canal are concen- trically arranged belts of oblong spaces called lacunce. Each lacuna is the outlet of a number of canaliculi, through which the nutrition is coiiveyed to all parts of the bone. A table of bones is appended. B. Ash, the calcic phosphate remaining after bones have been incinerated. B. Binder. See Osteocolla. B.-black. Saiat as, Animal Black. B. -brown. ?ie& Pigments, Conspectus of. B. Cartilage. See Ostein. B.- conduction, the transmission of sound-waves to the auditory nerve by means of sonorous vibrations com- municated to the bones of the skull, the impression reaching the nerve in part directly and in part by way of the tympanic structure. The tuning-fork is the instrument most commonly used as a test of bone- conduction. Bone-conduction is lost or diminished in many of the typical labyrinthine lesions, £■. ^. , in true Meniere's disease. See Air- conduction. B. Earth. See Ossiterra. B., Epipteric [siri, upon ; irrepdv, a wing], a small Wormian bone sometimes found between the great wing of the sphenoid and the anterior inferior angle of the parietal. B.-fat, a whitish-yellow fat obtained by boiling bones. It is used in soap making. B.-gelatin. See Gelatin. B.- glue. See Glue. B. incarial. See Incarial. B.- nippers, surgical cutting-forceps for use on bones. B.-oil, a foul-smelling oil obtained in the dry distilla- tion of bone. B. -setter, a specialist at setting bones ; usually an uneducated empiric, and often a pretender to hereditary skill in the business. B. -spavin. See Spavin. B. -tumor. Synonym oi Actinomycosis . Bonelet (bon'-let'). See Ossicle. Bonellein [bo-nel' -in) [Bonellia, a genus of gephyrean worms, named after F. A. Bonelli, an Italian natu- ralist]. In biology, the green pigment of certain annelids, as Bonellia viridis. Boneset. See Eupatorium. Bonnafond's Apparatus. An apparatus for generating vapors and injecting them into the middle ear through the Eustachian tube. Bonnet's Capsule. See Ocular Sheath. B. Opera- tions. See Operations, Table of. Bontius, Pills of. Purgative pills used in dropsy. They contain gamboge, Socotrin aloes, and gum am- moniac. Bonwill's Crown. In dentistry, an artificial crown of all porcelain to be engrafted on a natural root. B's. Method, I. A method of producing anesthesia. It is done by rapid breathing of the ordinary atmos- pheric air. The patient opens his mouth and breathes freely, quickly, and deeply, and in a few seconds or minutes partial anesthesia supervenes. 2. A method of articulating teeth. Bonzel's Operation. See Operations, Table of, Booboo (boo' -boo). See Boohoo. Boohoo (boo'-hoo) [native S. Pacific]. A kind of gas- tritis with slight fever and with great nostalgia and depression of spirits. It attacks strangers in some of the Pacific Islands. Booker, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Boot, Junod's. See Junod V Boot. Boracic Acid [bo-ras'-ikas'-id). See Acid, Boric; also Boron. Borage [bo'-rai) [ME., borage']. The plant Borago officinalis, a demulcent, mild refrigerant and diapho- retic. Dose of fid. ext., 3 j. Unof. Boraginaceous (bo-raj-in-a' -se-us) \_Boraginacets, a natural order of plants]. Pertaining to the Boragin- acese. Borate [bo'-rat) [Ar., boi-aq, borax]. Any salt of bo- ric acid. Borax (bo'-raks). See Boron. B. Bath. See Bath. Borborygmus (bor-bor-ig' -mus) l_poppopvyfi6g, a rum- bling : //., Borborygmi\ . A rumbling of the bowels. Bordeaux Method. A form of cotton antiseptic dress- ing for stumps. Borelli's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Boric Acid [bo'-rik as' -id). See Boron. Born (born) [AS., boren, to bear, bring forth]. Brought into the world by the process of parturition. B. Alive. See Live Birth. Borneo Camphor (bor' -ne-o-kam' -for). See Borneol. Borneol (bor'-ne-ol) [^Borneo], CjuHjgO. Borneo Camphor ; a substance that occurs in Dryobalanops camphorce, a tree growing in Borneo and Sumatra. It is artificially prepared by acting with sodium upon the alcoholic solution of common camphor. It is quite like Japan camphor, and has a peculiar odor resem- bling that of peppermint. It sublimes in six-sided leaflets, melts at 198° and boils at 212°. It produces spasms of an epileptiform character. Bom's Method. A method of reconstructing objects from microscopic sections ; by means of a camera, the outlines are transferred to wax plates, which are then cut out so as to correspond to the sections. Boro-borax (bo-ro-bo'-raks). A crystalline combina- tion of borax and boric acid. It is used as an anti- septic. Borofuchsin. See Stains, Conspectus of. Boroglycerid (bo-ro-glis'-er-id). See Boroglycerin. Boroglycerin (bo-ro-glis'-er-in) [Ar., boraq, borax; ■yhjKepdi, sweet]. A mixture of boric acid, 62 parts, with glycerin, 92 parts , it is called also boroglycerid, and glyceryl borate. It is a solid preparation, soluble in water. It is used as a local application in eye and skin affections. It is an active antiseptic in a solution of I to 40. Unof. Boron (bo'-rori) [Ar. , boraq, borax], B.-= II ; quanti- valence III, v. The base of boric acid and of the mineral borax. Boracic, or, more properly. Boric Acid, H3BO3, a crystalline substance, found native in the volcanic lagoons of Tuscany. It occurs in white, transparent crystals, soluble in water and alcohol ; it is an active antiseptic, and is much used in parasitic diseases of the skin. Dose gr. v-xx. Un- guent. Acidi Borici (B. P.), contains hard paraffin 2, soft paraffin 4, boric acid I. It is used as an antiseptic and in dennatology. Borax, NajBjO,,loH.,0, sodium biborate, occurs in lacustrine deposits as white, trans- parent crystals, soluble in water, alcohol and glycerin. It is used as an antiseptic wash for ulcers and indolent lesions and is valuable also as an emmenagogue, and in leucorrhea. Dose gr. v-xl. All unof. Clycerinum Boracis (B. P.), contains borax, glycerin and distilled water ; it is used as a local application. Mel Boracis (B. P.), borax honey, contains borax, clarified honey and glycerin (about I in 7) ; it is used as a local application. BONES 217 BONES TABLE OF BONES. Name. Principal Features. Articulations and Variety. Muscular and Ligamentous Attachments. Astragalus. Irregularly cubical ; forms the key- stone of arch of foot ; head , neck , six articular surfaces. i*c\^S;}«'-'*-<'-- Internal and external lateral ligaments. Atlas. First cervical vertebra ; ring-like ; anterior and posterior arches and tubercles; articular surfaces. Occipital bone — double arthrodia. Axis, four }o\nX.s—diarihrodia rota- toria and double arthrodia. Longus colli {tubercle)^ rectus capitis posticus minor {spinous process). Axis. Second cervical vertebra; body, odontoid process, pedicles, lam- ina, spinous process, transverse processes, articular surfaces. First cervical vertebra — diarthrodia rotatoria and double arthrodia Third cervical vertebra— rfowd/f ar- throdia. Longus colli, check ligaments. Calcaneum. The heel bone; irregularly cu- boidal ; lesser process [sustenta- cv.\\xm tali], greater process, pero- neal ridge or spine, superior groove, articular surfaces. Astragalus, ) Cuboid, >arthrodia. Scaphoid, j Tibialis posticus, tendo Achillis, plant- aris, abductor pollicis, abductor mini- mi digiti, flexor brevis digitorum, flexor accessorius, extensor brevis digitorum. Carpal. Consists of scaphoid, semilunar, cuneiform, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, os magnum, unciform. See Individual Bones. Clavicle. Collar bone, resembles the italic "y"; conoid tubercle, deltoid tubercle, oblique line. Sternum, 1 Scapula, > arthrodia. Cartilage of first rib, j Sterno-cleido-mastoid, trapezius, pec- toralis major, deltoid, subclavius, sterno-hyoid, platysma. Coccyx. The last bone of the vertebral col- umn ; resembles a cuckoo's beak; usually composed of four small segments ; base, apex, cornua. Sd^cmra—amphiarthrodta. Coccygeus, gluteus maximus, extensor coccygis, sphincter ani, levator ^ni. Cranial. Occipital, parietal (two), frontal, temporal (two), sphenoid, eth- moid. See Individual Bones. Cuboid. Somewhat pyramidal ; tuberosity. Os calgjs, 1 External cuneiform, 4th and 5th metatarsal bones. arthrodia. Flexor brevis pollicis. Cuneiform (of carpus). Pyramidal. Semilunar, Pisiform, Unciform, Interarticular fibro-car- tilage. arthrodia. Cuneiform (of tarsus). Internal, Middle. External. Irregularly wedge-shaped ; the largest of the three. Wedge-shaped ; smallest of the three. Wedge-shaped. Scaphoid, Middle cuneiform, First and second me tarsal bones. Scaphoid , Internal cuneiform, External cuneiform. Second metatarsal. Scaphoid, Middle cuneiform, Cuboid, Second, third, and fou metatarsal bones. ■-1 ■ a rth arthrodia. Hhrodia. ■ arthrodia. Tibialis anticus and posticus. Tibialis posticus. Tibialis posticus, flexor brevis pollicis. Ethmoid. Irregularly cubical ; situated at an- terior part of base of skull ; hori- zontal or cribriform plate, per- pendicular plate, two lateral masses, crista galli. Sphenoid, Two . sphenoidal— turbinated. Frontal, Two nasal, Two superior max- illary. Two lachrymal. Two palate, Two inferior turb- inated. Vomer. ■ synarthrodia. None. Femur. Cylindrical ; longest, largest, and strongest bone in the body ; shaft and two extremities, head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters, linea aspera, condyles; a long bone. Os innommsXnm—enarthrodia. TihiA—ginglymus. Patella.— arthrodia. Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, pyri- formis, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemel- lus inferior, quadratus femoris, psoas .magnus, iliacus, vastus externus, gluteus maximus, short head of the biceps, vastus internus, adductor magnus, pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, crureus, subcrureus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus. BONES 218 BONES BONES OF THE HUMAN SKELETON. Tubercle of an- terior arrh. 2 Articular facet for odontoid process of axis. 3. Poste- rior arch and pos- terior tubercle. 4. Groove for verte- bral artery and first cervical nerve. 5. Trans- verse process. 6. Foramen for ver- , tebral artery. 7. Superior articular process. 8. Tubercle for attachment of transverse ligament. Atlas, Superior Surface. Axis, Lateral Aspect. * Body. 2. Odontoid pro- cess. 3. Facet for articu- lating with anterior arch of atlas. 4. Lamina. 5. Spinous process. 6.. Trans- verse process, 7. Superior articular process. 8. Infe- rior articular process. Axis, Postero-Superior View. I. Posterior surface of body. 2. Odontoid process. 3,3. Supe- rior articular processes 4, 4. Inferior articular processes. 5, 5. Transverse processes. 6. Spinous process. 1,1. Lateral mass- es of atlas. 2, 2. Anterior arch of atlas, including odontoid p r o - cess of axis. 3. Tubercle of an- terior arch. 4,4. Transverse pro- cesses of atlas. 5, 5 Inferior ar- ticul ar pro- cesses of atlas. 6, 6. Superior articular p r o - cesses of axis. 7, 7. Inferior articular processes. 8, 8. Transverse processes. 9. Anterior surface of body of axis. 10. Apex of odontoid process. Atlas and Axis, Anterior Surface. Seventh Cervical Vertebra, Postero-Superior View. 1. Body. 2, 2. Transverse processes. 3, 3. Anterior or costal roots of transverse processes. 4, 4. Foramina for vertebral arteries. . 5, 5. Superior articular processes. 6, 6. Inferior articular processes. 7, 7. Laminse. 8, Spinous process. 9. Spinal foramen. Dorsal Vertebha, Antero-Superior View. .. Anterior surface. 2. Vertebral foramen. 3. Spinous pro- cess. 4, 4. Transverse processes. 5, 5. Articular surfaces for tubercles of ribs. 6, 6. Superior' articular processes, 7, 7, Pedicles. First Dorsal Vertebra, Lateral View. 1. Superior surface of body. 2, 2. Semi-lunar processes. 3. Articular facet for head of first rib. 4. Demi-facet for head of second rib. 5. Superior articular process. 6, 6. Inferior articular processes. 7. Transverse process. 8. Articular facet for tubercle of first rib. 9. Spinous process. Eleventh Dorsal Vertebra, Lateral View. ,. Articular facet for head of eleventh rib. 2. Transverse process. 3. Superior tubercle of transverse process. 4. In» ferior and anterior tubercle. 5. Inferior and posterior tuber- cle. 6. Superior articular process. 7. Inferior articular pro- cess. . 8. Spinous process. Twelfth Dorsal Vertebra, Lateral View. . Articular facet for head of twelfth rib. '2. Transverse pro- cess. 3. Superior and posterior tubercle of transverse pro- cess. 4. Inferior and posterior tubercle. 5. Inferior and anterior tubetcle. 6. Superior articular process. 7, 7. Infe- rior articular processes. 8. Spinous process. BONES 219 BONES TABLE OF BONES.— a>»ft»«^(f. Name. ' Principal Fea^tures. ^ ArticiJlations and Variety. ; Muscular ani> Ligamentous Attachments. Fibula. Long bone ; fehaft, upper extremity or nead, lower extremity or ex- ternal malleolus. Tihiair-af^ihrodia. Astragalus, with the tibia and fibula —gihglymus. '■., '; Biceps, soleus, peroneus longus, ex- tensor longus digitoVlimj^fieroneus tertius, extensor proprius poUicis, tibialis posticus, flexor longus pollicis, perbneus brevis. Foot. Combo&ed of tarsus, metatarsus ana phalanges, q. v. • Frontal. The forehead bone^ a flat Ibone ; a frontal portion and' an orbito- nasal portion ; frontal eminences,, superciliary ridges, supraorbital arches, supraorbital notches or foramina, internal and external angular processes, temporal ridges, nasal notch, nasal .spine, nasal en^inence or glabella. TwQ parietal. Sphenoid, Ethmoidi Two nasal, Two superior max- . -illarv, Two lachrymal, Two malar. ■ synarthrodia. Corrugat6r supercilii, orbicularis pal- pebrarum, and temporal on each side. Hand. Composed of carpUs, metacarpus ana ^phalanges, q. v. Humerus. ' Largesf^tfone-of npper«xttemity ; long bone ; a shaft and two ex- tremities. Upper extremity pre- sents a head, neck and greater and lesser tuberosities. Liower extremity, trochlea, olecranon , fossa, coronojd fossa, external and internal condyles, supra- trochlear forameri, supracondy- loid ridges. Scapula (glenoid ca.vity)--;-^narihrodia. Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissi'mus' dorsi, deltoid, coraco-brachialis, brachialis anticus, triceps, sub-ahconeus, pronator radii teres, flexor carpi radialts, palmaris longus, fl.exor digitorum sublimis, flexor carpi ulnaris, supinator longus, extensor carpi radialislongior, exten- sor carpi radialis brevior, extensor communis digitorum, extensor mini- mi digiti, extensor carpi ulnaris, sup- inator brevis and anconeus. Hyoid. A bony arch ; irregular bone ; a body, two greater and two lesser cornua. None. Sterno-hyoid, thyrb'-hyoid, omo-hyoid, digastricus, stylo-hyoid, mylo-hyoid, genio-hyoid, geriio-hyo-glossus, hyo- glossus, middle constrictor of the pharynx. Ilium. See Innominate. \ Incus. ■- Resembles a bicuspid tooth with two. roots, body, and two pro^ cesses- Malleus— ar/Arocfitf {trigger-joini), ^ Stapes^ artkrodia. None. I n f e r i r maxillary. Body and two rami ; contains the, teeth of the lower jaw,; symphy- sis, mental .process, mental fera- men," ,cororioid and condjaoid process, head, neck, sigmoid notch ; irregular bone. The two temporal bones — bilateral condyloid—diarthrodia. Levator menti, depressor labii infe- rioris, depressor anguli oris, platysma myoides, buccinator, masseter, orbi- cularis oris, genio-hyo-glossus, genio- hyoideus, mylo-hyoideus, digastric, superior constrictor, temporal^ in- ternal pterygoid, external pterygoid. Inferior tur- binated. Situated on the outer wall of the nasal fossa ; irregular bone. Ethmoid, Superior maxillary. Lachrymal, Palate, synarthrodia. None. Innominate. Large, 3 parts ; flat bone ; with its fellow and sacrum and coccyx forms pelvis. Jlium — superior broad expanded portion, crest, superior, middle and inferior cufved' lines, ilio- pectineal line^ venter, auricular surface, anterior and (posterior, superior and inferior spinous processes, % (about) of acetabu- lum. Ischium— \ovfer and back portion, body, tuberosity and ramus, spine, greater and lesser sacro- sciatic notches, external and in- ternal Hps of tuberosity, lower boundary of obturator foramen, % (about) of acetabulum. i^ow— body, horizontal ramus, descending: ramus, spine, ilio- pectineal Ime, angle, symphysis, obturator foramen (upper bound- ary), I of acetabulum. f With its fellow of"! J opposite side, > synarthrodia. 1 Sacrum, ) [ F^mm—enarthrodia, Hium — tensor vaginae femoris, external oblique, latissimus dorsi, iliaciis, transversalis, q^uadratus lumborum, erector spinse, internal oblique, glu- teus maximus, medium and mini- mus, rectus, pyriformis, multifidus spinse, sartorius. /rcAxMw— obturator externus and in- ternus, gracilis, levator ani, gemelli superior and inferior, coccygeus, bi- ceps, semi-tendinosus, semi-mem- branous, quadratus femoris, adductor' magnus, transversus perinei, erector penis. ' /*Mdw— internal and external oblique, transversalis, rectus, pyramidalis, psoas parvus, pectineus, adductor magnus, longus and brevis, gracilis, external and internal obturator, leva- tor ani, compressor urethrae, accele- rator urinae. BONES 220 BONES Lumbar Vertebra, Postero-9uperior View. :, I. Anterior surface of body. 2, 2. Trans- verse processes. 3. Spinous process. 4, 4. Superior articular processes. 5, 5. In- K^ ferior articular processes. Sacrum, Anterior Aspect. , I, I, I. Bodies of sacral vertebrse, with transverse Unesof union. 2, 2, 2, 2. Anterior sacral foramina. 3. Base. 4. Auricular surface of lat- eral aspect. 5. Its inferior portion. 6. Articular surface of base. 7. Notch for formation of last lumbar intervertebral foramen. 8. Superior articular process of first sacral ver- tebra, g. Apex of sacrum. 10. Cornu. ri. Notch for transmission of fifth sacral nerve. Coccyx, Ante- rior Aspect.' I. Base. 2,2. Cor- nua. 3. Sec- ond coccygeal vertebra. 4. Third coccy- geal vertebra. 5. Fourth coc- cygeal verte- bra. 6. Fifth coccygeal ver- tebra. Occipital Bone, Postero-Inferior View I. Basilar process. 2. Foramen magnum. 3, 3. Posterior condyloid foramina. 4. Crest. 5. External occipital protuber- ance. 6,6. Condyles, 7, 7. Jugular pro- fit 8- Jugular foss£e. Sacrum, Posterior Aspect, , I, I, I. Spinous processes of sacral vertebrae. 2, 2. Sacral groove. 3, 3, 3, 3. Posterior sacral foramina. 4,4,4,4. Articular processes, united, 5 5i 5. 5- Transverse processes. 6, 6. Cribriform fossa. 7, 7. Auricular surface, 8, 8. Superior articular processes of first sacral vertebra. 9. Superior orifice of sacral canal. 10. Groove representing inferior ori- fice. Ji, II. Cornua. 12.' Apex. Vertebral Column, Lateral Aspect. 1-7. Cervical vertebrae. 8-19. Dorsal vertebrae. 20-24. Lumbar verte- brae. A, A. Spinous processes. B,B. Artic- ular facets of trans- verse processes of first ten dorsal vertebrae. C. Auricular surface of sacrum. D. Foramina in transverse processes of cervical vertebras. Parietal, Temporal, anb Sphenoid Bones; Posterior Aspect. I. Body of sphenoid bone. 2, 2. Sphenoid and temporal bones. 3, 3. Parietal bones. 4, 4. Mastoid processes. 5, 5. Jugular fossae, 6, 6. Notches entering into formation of sphenoidal fissures. 7, 7. Spheno-parietal sutures. 8, 8. Spheno-tem- poral sutures. 9, 9. Temporo-parietal sutures. Nasal Bones, External Aspect. , I. The two nasal bones. 2, 2. Superior extremity. 3, 3. In- ferior border, 4, 4. Internal border. 5, 5, 5, 5. External border. BONES 221 BONES TABLE OF BONES.— Co»ft««f-rf— adductor pollicis, second and third dorsal, and first plantav inter- osseous, tibialis posticus (part). i^owrM— adductor pollicis, third and fourth dorsal and second plantar in" terosseous, tibialis posticus (part), Z^yTfA— peroneus brevis, peroneus ter- tius, flexor brevis minimi digiti, transversus pedis, fourth dorsal, and third plantar interosseous. Nasal. Oblong ; forms with its fellovP the bridge of the nose; nasal fora- men, spine, crest ; flat bone. Frontal, I iSr/opposite), [synarthrodia. Superior maxillary, J BONES 222 BONES nasal process. 1. Anterior aspect of pyramidal process, or canine fossa. 2. Incisive or myrti- form fossa. 3. Infra- orbital foramen. 4. Summit of pyramid- al process, or malar process. 5". Posterior aspect of pyramidal Erocess. 6. Inferior order of pyramidal process. 7. Posterior border, or maxillary tuberosity. 8. Nasal process, g. Posterior border, grooved for lachrymal duct. 10. Anterior nasal spine. II. Infra-orbital groove. 12. Summit of nasal process. 13. Posterior and supe- rior angle, 14. Su- perior border. 15. Anterior border of 16. Notch for anterior opening of nasal Superior Maxillary Bone, Exter- nal Aspect. Lachrymal Bone, External Aspect. [, I. Vertical crest, dividing external sur- face into two parts. 2. Spine, in which crest terminates. 3- Sulcus contribut- ing to formation of lachrymal canal. 4. Continuiation of preceding, contributing to formation of nasal canal. 5. Posterior division of external surface, contribut- ing to formation of orbit. 6, 6. Anterior border. 7, 7. Posterior border. 8. Su- perior extremitj;. g. Portion of inferior border that articulates with lachrymal process of inferior turbinated bone. 10. Portion that articulates with orbital plate of superior maxillary bone. Malar Bone, External Aspect. ,. Orifice for malar nerve. 2, 2. Superior or orbital border. 3, 3. Inferior or zygomatic border. 4, 4. Posterior or tem- poral border. 5, 5. Anterior or maxillary border. 6. Supe- rior angle. 7. Inferior angle. 8. Anterior angle. 9. Posterior angle. , External surface of orbital process. 2. Superior or or- bital surface. 3. Anterior or maxillary surface. 4. Notch forming greater part of spheno-palatine foramen. 5. Sphenoidal process. 6. Groove entering into forma- tion of posterior palatine canal. 7. Surface that enters into the formation of base of maxillary sinus. 8. External surface of pterygoid process. 9. Groove to receive posterior border of internal plate of pterygoid process. Inferior Turbinated Bone, Internal or Convex Aspect. I, I. Antero-posteri- or ridge, dividing the internal sur- face into two al- most equal parts. 2, 2. Inferior bor- der. 3, 3. Anter- ior portion of superior border, articulating with nasal process of superior maxil- lary bone. 4. • Lachrymal pro- cess. 5. Ethmoidal process. 6. Portion of superior border that articulates with palate bone. 7. Anterior extremity. 8. Posterior extremity. I. Body of. bone and external oblique line. 2. Ramus. 3. Sym- physis. 4. In- cisive fossa. 5, Mental fora- then. 6. De- pression in in- ferior border fpr attachment of digastric muscle. 7 , Depression for passage of facial artery. 8. Angle of jaw. 9. Posterior ex- tremity of in- ternal oblique line. 10. Cor- onoid process. II. Condyle. 12. Sigmoid notch. 13. Origin of inferior dental canal. 14. Mylo-hyoid groove. 15. Alveolar border, a. Incisors, d. Bicuspids, c. Canines, m. Molars. Inferior Maxillary Bone, External Aspect. Palate Bone, External Aspect, Lateral Aspect of Skull. 1. Frontal bone. 2. Parietal bone. 3. Occipital bone. 4. Tem- poral bone. 5. Greater wing of sphenoid bone. 6. Lamb- doid suture. 7. Occipito-parietal suture. 8. Squamo-parietal suture. 9. Masto-parietal suture. 10. Spheno-parietal su- ture. II. Spheno-temporal suture. 12. Spheno-frontal suture. 13,13. Temporal ridge. 14. Malar bone. 15. Fronto-malar suture. 16. Malo-temporal suture. 17. Malo-maxillary su- ture. 18. Superior maxillary bone. 19. Infraorbital foramen. 20. Nasal bone. 21. Naso-maxiUary suture. 22. Naso-frontal suture. 23. Lachrymal groove, at the bottom of which may be seen the suture between the lachrymal and the superior maxillary bones. 24. Nasal eminence. 25. Inferior maxil- lary bone. 26. Mental foramen. 27. Angle of lower jaw. ,28. Coronoid process. 29. Condyle. 30. Neck of conaylc. 31. External auditory canal, ji. Styloid process. 33. Mas- toid process. 34. Masto-occipital suture. BONES 223 BONES TABLE OF 'BO^'E?,.— Continued. Name. Principal Features, Articulations and Variety. Muscular and Ligamentous Attachments, Occipital. Back part and base of cranium ; trapezoid in V shape; outer and inner tables ; external protuber- ance, external, occipital crest, superior and inferior curved lines, foramen magnum, con- dyles, jugular process, anterior and posterior condyloid forami- na^ basilar process, pharyngeal spme, 4 fossae on internal sur- face, internal opcipital protuber- . ance and crest, grooves for the cerebral sinuses, torcular Hero- phili, jugular foramen ; flat bone. Parietal (two), , ,") ■ ; ' Temporal {Xvio),'\ synarthrodia. Sphenoid, J . htlas— double artkrodia. Twelve pairs-^occipito-frontalis, tra- pezius, -sterno-cleido-mastoid, com- plexus, biventer Cervicis, splenius capitis, superior oblique, rectus capitis, posticus, major and minor, ■ riectus lateralis, rectus capitis anticus, major and miiior, superior constrictor of the pharynx.' Palate. Back part of nasal fossa; helps to - form floor and outer wall of nose, the roof of mouth and floor of orbit, also spbeHo-maxillary and pterygoid fossse and the spheno- maxillary fissure ; L-shaped; inferior or horizontal plate, su- perior or vertical plate, posterior palatine canal, posterior nasal spine, inferior and superior tur- binated crests, maxillary pro- cess, pterygoid process, acces- sory descending palatine canals, orbital process, sphenoidal pro- cess, spheno-palatine foramen. Sphenoid, Ethmoid;, Superior maxillary. Inferior turbinated, Vomer, : Opposite palate, ■ synartkrodia. Tensor palati,'azygos uvulse, internal and external pterygoid, superior con- strictor of pharynx. Parietal. Form sides and roof .of skull ; irregular, quadrilateral; two sur- faces, four borders, four angles, parietal eminence, temporal ridge, parietal foramen, furrows for cerebral sinuses, depressions for Pacchionian bodies ; flat bone. Opposite parietal, " Occipital, Frontal, Temporal, Sphenoid, ■ ^nartkrodia. Temporal. Patella. Flat; triangular; sesamoid; an- terior part of kneenoint; two surfaces, three borders, apex ; fl^t bone. Condyles of kmur— partly artkrodial. Rectus, crureus, vastus internus, vas- tus externus. Pelvic. Composed of two ossa innomi- nata, sacrum and coccyx, g. v. Phalanges of foot. Two of great toe, three of each of the others ; shaft, base, head ; long bones. First row with metatarsa phalanges — condyloid. Second of great toe "^ with first phalanx; of other toes, with first and third phalanges, Third row with second row, 1 and second ginglymus. First— great toe — inner tendon exten- sor brevis digitorum, abductor pol- licis, adductor poUicis, flexor brevis pollicis, transversus pedis. Second toe— first and second dorsa! in- terosseous, first lumbrical. Third ^oe— third dorsal and first plan- tar interosseous, second lumbrical. Fourth ^<3c— fourth dorsal and second plantar interosseous, third lumbrical. Pi/tk toe — flexor brevis minimi digiti, abductor minimi digiti, third plantar interosseous, fourth lumbrical. Second— great /Oif— extensor longus pollicis, flexor longus pollicis. Other toes— Hexor brevis digitorum, one slip of common tendon of exten- sor longus and brevis digitorum. Thzrd—iwo slips from the common tendon of the extensor longus and extensor brevis digitorum, and flexor longus digitorum. ■. Phalanges, of hand. 14 in number, three for each finger and two for thumb ; shaft, head, base; ^ong bones. First row with met second row of pha Second row with and third rows, Third row with sec row, acarp ange first ■ ond al bones and ^—condyloid. ginglymus. ' 7% ww^— extensor primi internodii pol- licis, flexor brevis pollicis, abductor pollicis, adductor pollicis, flexor lon- gus pollicis, extensor secundi inter- nodii. First^index finger— first dorsal and first palmar interosseous. Middle fifiger— second and third dorsal interosseous. Hing finger— fourih dorsal and second palmar interosseous. Little finger— third palmar interosse- ous, flexor brevis minimi digiti, ab- ductor minimi digiti. Second— io a//— flexor sublimis digit- BONES 224 BONES Hyoid Bone, Anterior Aspect. , I, Anterior or convex surface of body, 2, 2. Greater cornua. 3, 3. Junction of greater cornua with body. 4, 4. Lesser cornua. Base of Skull. . Median suture of palatine vault. 2. Inferior orifice of an- terior palatine canal. 3, 3. Inferior openings of posterior palatine canals. 4. Posterior border of palatine vault ; pos- terior nasal spine. 5. Posterior border of nasal septum. 6. Hamuiar process of internal pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone. 7. Internal pterygoid plate. 8. External pterygoid plate. 9. Scaphoid fossa. 10. Oval or inferior maxillary foramen. 11. Foramen spinosum. 12. Foramen lacerum medium. 13. Zygomatic arch. 14. Spheno-occipital suture. 15. Glenoid cavity. 16. External auditory canal. 17. Mas- toid process. 18, 18. Styloid process and stylo-mastoid fora- men. 19. Inferior orifice of carotid canal. 20. Foramen lacerum posterius. 21, 21. Occipital condyles. 22. Basilar process. 23. P oramen magnum. 24. External occipital crest. 25, 25. Inferior curved lines of occipital bone. Thorax, Anterior View. . Manubrium Sterni. 2. Gladiolus. 3. Ensifarm cartilage or xiphoid appendix. 4. Circumference of apex of thorax. 5. Circumference of base. 6. ist rib. 7. 2d rib. 8, 8. 3d, 4th, Sth 6th afld 7th ribs. 9. 8th( 9th and 10 ribs. 10. nth ana Z2tn ribs. 11, 11. Costal cartilages. 4- The Orbital Cavities. I. Anterior opening of nasal fossse, 2. Anterior extremity of inferior turbinated bone 3. Malar bone. 4,4. Orbital cavi- ties, 5. Lachrymal canal. 6. Os planum of ethmoid. 7. Optic foramen. 8. Sphenoidal fissure. 9. Spheno-maxillary fissure, 10. Great wmg of sphenoid, ri. Squamous portion of temporal. 12 Antero-inferior angle of parietal. 13. Por- tion of frontal entering into formation of temporal' fossa. 14. Mastoid process. 15. Styloid process. RiBSOF Left Side, Posterior Aspect. 1-12. Anterior ex- tremities of 12 ribs of left side. 13, 13. Internal surface. 14, 14* External surface. 15. Head of 1st nb. 16. Head of 2d rib. 17. Head of 3d rib. 18, 18. Heads of ribs from 4th to 9th. 19. Head of loth nb. 20, 20. Heads of nth and 12th ribs. 21,21. Necks of ribs. 22. Tuber- cle of ist rib. 33^ Articular facet j»f tubercle of 2d rin. 24, 24, Articular facets of tubercles of ribs from 3d to pth. 25. Articu- lar facet for tu- bercle of loth rib. 26, 26. Angles of ribs. BONES 325 BONES TABLE OF BONES.— CowAKasflT. Name. Principal Features. Articulations and Variety. Muscular and Ligamentous Attachments. Phalanges, of hand. Continued. orum and extensor communis digit- orum ; in addition. To index ^M£-er— extensor indicis. 7b little finger — extensor minimi di^iti. Third— fiexor profundus digitorum, extensor communis digitorum. Pisiform. Anterior and inner side of carpus ; small ; spherical ; one articular facet ; short bone. CmxQiioxm—artkrodia . Flexor carpi ulnaris, abductor minimi digiti, anterior annular ligament. Pubis. See Innominate. Radius. Outer side offorearm ; shaft, head, neck, tuberosity, lower extrem- ity, oblique line, sigmoid cavity, styloid process. Humer Ulna, - Semilm xs—ginglymus. ' superiar—diarikrodia rota- toria. middle — membranous. Inferior — diarthrodia rota- toria. iBX— condyloid. Biceps, supinator brevis, flexor subli- mis digitorum, flexor longus poUicis, pronator quadratus, extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, extensor primi internodii pollicis, pronator radii teres, supinator longus. Ribs. Twelve in number on each side ; shaft, head, neck, tuberosity, angle (anterior and posterior), anterior or sternal extremity ; first, second, tenth, eleventh and twelfth are peculiar ; flat bones. Vertebrae —arthrodia. ctprnnm I ^'^"^^^ x\h— Synarthrodia. Sternum, | others-ay/Arorfio. Internal and external intercostals, scalenus, anticus, medius and posti- cus, pectoralis minor, serratus mag- nus, obliquus externus, trans versalis, quadratus lumborum^ diaphragm, la- tissimus dorsi, serratus po'iticus su- perior and inferior, sacro-lumbalis, musculus accessorius ad sacro-lum- balem, longissimus dorsi, cervicalis ascendens, levatores costarum, infra- costales. • Sacrum. Large triangular bone at lower part of vertebral column, and upper and back part of pelvic cavity ; composed of five verte- brae ; base, promontory, four sur- faces, apex, central canal, an- terior and posterior sacral fora- minse, lateral masses, laminae, articular processes, sacral cor- nua, transverse processes, sacral groove, ala ; irregular bone. Last lumbar ver- tebra. Coccyx, > amphiarthrodia. Ossa innominata (two), J Pyriformis, coccygeus, iliacus, gluteus maximus, latissimus dorsi, multifidus spinae, erector spinae, extensor coc- cygis. Scaphoid, of carpus. Largest bone of first row ; boat- shaped ; upper and outer part of carpus ; four surfaces ; tuber- cle ; short bone. Radius— trowrfyi Trapezium, Trapezoid, Os magnum, Semilunar, oid. ■ arthrodia. External lateral ligament of wrist. Scaphoid, of tarsus. Or navicular bone ; boat-shaped ; inner side of tarsus, four sur- faces, tuberosity ; short bone. Astragalus, ") Cuneiform (three), \ arthrodia. Cuboid (occasionally), ) Tibialis posticus (part). Scapula. Back part of shoulder ; triangular ; posterior aspect and side of thorax ; two surfaces , three borders, three angles, subscapu- lar fossa, subscapular angle, dorsum, spine, supra-spinous and infra-spinous fossae, acromion process, glenoid cavity, neck, head,coracoid process ; flat bone. Humerus — enarthrodia. Clavicle — arthrodia. Subscapularis. supraspinatus, infra- spinatus, trapezius, deltoid, omo- hyoid, serratus magnus, levator an- guli scapulae, rhomboideus major and minor, triceps, teres major and minor,, biceps, coraco-brachialis, pectoralis minor, platysma, latissimus dorsi. Semilunar. Upper row of carpus ; four sur- faces, crescentic outline. Radius — condyloid. Os magnum, SSr^, \artHroiia. Scaphoid, Sesamoid. Small, rounded masses, cartila- ginous in early life, osseous in the adult ; developed in tendons ; inconstant, except patellae. Sphenoid. Anterior part of base of skull ; bat-shaped. with wings extended ; body, two greater and two lesser wings, two pterygoid processes, ethmoidal spine, optic groove, optic foramen, olivary process, pituitary fossa, anterior, middle and posterior clinoid processes, sella turcica, carotid or cavern- All the bones of era- ' nium, Malar (two), Palate (two), Vomer, ■ synarthrodia. Temporal, external and internal ptery- goids, superior constrictor, tensor palati, levator tympani, levator pal- pebrae, obliquus superior, superior, mferior, internal and external recti. IS BONES 226 BONES Clavicle, Inferior Aspect. ; Longitudinal de- pression for inser- tion of subclavius muscle. 2. Rough impression for attachment of cos- to-clavicular liga- ment. 3, 3. For attachment of coraco-clavicular ligaments. 4, 4. Posterior border. 5, 5. Anterior border. 6. Facet for articulation with sternum. 7. Facet for articulation with acromion. Scapula, Postero-ex- TERNAL Aspect. . Supraspinous fossa. 2. Infra-spinous fossa. 3. Superior or cora- coid border. 4. Cora- coid or suprascapu- lar notch. 5. Axillary or external border. 6. Anterior angle and glenoid cavity. 7. Inferior angle. 8. Rough impression for long head of triceps. 9. Internal or spinal or vertebral border. 10. Spine. 1 1 . Smooth surface over which trapezius muscle glides. 12. Acro- mion. 13. Base of spine. 14. Coracoid process. Humerus, Anterior Aspect. i.Diaphysis. 2. Humeral head. 3, Anatomic neck. 4. Greater or external tuberosity. 5. Lesser or anterior tuberosity. 6 Bicipital groove. 7. Ridge for attachment of coraco- brachialis muscle. 8. Anter- ior border of shaft, cj. Ex- ternal surface. 10. Orifice of nutrient canal. 1 1 . Lesser or radial head. 12. Trochlea. 13. External condyle or epi- condyle. 14. Internal con- dyle or e^itrochlea. 15. In- ferior portion of external bor- der. 16. Inferior portion of internal border. i7.Coronoid fossa. Radius and Ulna, Anterior Aspect. I. Anterior surface of body of ulna. 2. Greater sigmoid cavity. 3. Lesser sigmoid cavity. 4. Olecranon. 5. Coronoid process. 6. Orifice of nutrient canal. 7, Interos- seous space. 8. Head of ulna. 9, Styloid process. 10. Body of radius, 11. Head. 12. Neck. 13. Bicipital tu- berosity. 14. Ridge for in- sertion of pronator radii teres. 15. Inferior extremity of radius. 16. Styloid pro- cess. Bones of Carpus, Dorsal Aspect. R. Inferiorextremity of radius. U. Inferior extremity of ulna. F. Interarticular fibro-cartilage. S. Scaphoid. L. Semi- lunar. C. Cuneiform. P. Pisiform. T, Trapezium. T. Trapezoid. M. Os magnum. U. Unciform. The numbers upon these bones indicate the number of others with which each articulates, i, 2, 3,4, 5. Proximal extremities of xst, 2d, 3d, 4th and 5th. metacarpal Dones. Hand, Palmar Surface. . Scaphoid. 2. Semilunar. 3. Cuneiform. 4. Pisiform. 5. Trapezium. 6. Groove for tendon of flexor carpi radialis. 7. Trapezoid. 8 Os magnum. 0. Unciform. 10,10. Meta- car4Jal bones. 11, 11. First phalanges of fingers. 12, 12. Second pharanges, 13, 13. Third phalanges. 14. First phal- anx of thumb. 15. Second phalanx. Sacro-vertebral angle. 2, 2, Me- dian section of sacrum. 3. Me- dian section of coccyx. 4. Junc- tion of sacrum and coccyx.' 5, 5. Sacral canal. 6, 6. Median sec- tion of symphysis pubis. 7. Antero- posterior or sa- cro pubic diam- eter of pelvic in-: let. *. Prolong- ation of this di- ameter. 8. Line perpendicular to this diameter at its middle. 9 A ntero- posterior or cocci-pubic diameter of pel- vic outlet, 10. Horizontal line Eassing through inferior margin of symphysis pubis. 11. -ine perpendicular to last. 12. Arc of angle between these two. "it- Median Section of Pelvis, Plane and Axis of Superior Strait. BONES 227 BONES TABLE OF 'BO^'E.S,— Continued. Name. Principal Features. Articulations and Variety. Muscular and Ligamentous Attachments. Sphenoid.— Continued. ous groove, lingula, ethmoidal crest,, sphenoidal cells or sin- uses, sphenoidal turbinated bones, rostrum, vaginal pro- cesses, pterygo-palatine canal, spinous processes, round fora- men, oval foramen, foramen Vesalii, foramen spinosum, ptery- goid rid§e, external orbital fora- mina, vidian canal, pterygoid fossa, internal and external pterygoid plates, hamuiar pro- cess, scaphoid fossa. Sphenoidal turbinated or sphenoid- al spongy bones. Situated at anterior and inferior part of body of sphenoid ; exist as separate pieces until puberty and occasionally are not joined in the adult. f^St' } ^^-'■'*-''-- None. Stapes. Resembles a stirrup ; one of the ossicles of the tympanum ; head, neck, two branches (crura), base ; irregular bone. IncViS—arihrodia. Stapedius. Sternum. The breast bone; manubrium, gladiolus, ensiform cartilage, or first, second and third pieces, anterior and posterior surface, borders. Clavicles {tvto)—artkrodia. Costal cartilages (seven on each side) first — synarthrodia; others, arthro- dia. Pectoralis major, sterno-cleido-mas- toid, sterno-hyoid, sterno-thyroid, triangularis sterni, aponeuroses of the obliquus and internus, and trans- versalis muscles, rectus, diaphragm. Superior maxillary. Forms with its fellow the whole of the upper jaw ; somewhat cu- boidal; body and malar, nasal, alveolar arid palatine processes ; hollow (the antrum of Highmore or maxillary sinus), incisive or myrtiform fossa, canine fossa, canine eminence, infra-orbital fo- ramen, posterior dental canals, maxillary tuberosity, posterior palatine canal, infra-orbital groove ; irregular bone. Frontal, Ethmoid, Nasal, Malar, Lachrymal, Inferior turbinated. Palate, Vomer, Fellow of opposite side. synarthrodia. Orbicularis palpebrarum, obliquus in- ferior oculi, levator labii superioris alasque nasi, levator labii superioris proprius, levator anguH oris, com- pressor nasi, depressor alee nasi, dilator naris posterior, masseter, buccinator, internal pterygoid, orbi- cularis oris. Tarsal. Consist of calcaneum, or OS calcis, ^astragalus, cuboid, scaphoid, in- ternalj middle and external cuneiform. SeeIndividualbon.es. Temporal. Situated at side and base of skull ; squamous, mastoid and petrous portions, temporal ridge, zygo- ma or zygomatic process, emi- nentia articularis, Glaserian fis- sure, tubercle, glenoid fossa, post-glenoid process, tympanic plate, mastoid foramen, digastric fossa, occipital groove, sigmoid fossa, mastoid cells, meatus audi- torius externus, hiatus Fallopii, meatus auditorius in tern us, lamina cribrosa, aquseductus vestibuli, styloid process, stylo- mastoid foramen, auricular fis- sure ; irregular bone. Occipital, 1 Parietal, Sphenoid, \ synarthrodia. Inferior maxillary. Malar, J Temporal, masseter, occipito-frontalis, sterno-mastoid, splenius capitis, trachelo-mastoid. digastricus, retra- hens aurem, stylo-pharyngeus, stylo- byoideus, stylo-glossus, levator pa- lati, tensor tympani, tensor palati, stapedius. Tibia. At front and inner side of leg- next to femui; in length and size ; prismoid in form ; upper extremity or head, tuberosities, spinous process, tubercle, popli- teal notch, shaft, crest (the shin), . oblique line, internal malleolus ; long bone. 'F&aiysx—ginglymus. C superior— arthrodia. Fibula, -< middle — membranous. ( inferior— arthrodia. Astragalus with fihuia—g-inglymus. Semi-membranosus, tibialis anticus, extensor longus digitorum, biceps, sartorius, gracilis, semi-tendinosus, tibialis anticus, popliteus, soleus, flexor longus digitorum, tibialis pos- ticus, ligamentum patellae- Trapezium. In lower row of carpus; very irregular ; six surfaces, groove ; short bone. Scaphoid, Trapezoid, First and second meta- carpal, arthrodia. Adductor pollicis, flexor ossis mKa- carpi poUicis, flexor brevis pollicis (part). Trapezoid. Smallest bone in second row of carpus; wedge-shaped ;■ six sur- faces ; short bone. Scaphoid, ") Tf^n'^^iZ'^''^''^^'" \ arthrodia. 1 rapezium, Os magnum, j Flexor brevis pollicis (part). Triquetral. See Wormian bones. BONES 228 BONES Right Innominate Bone, External Aspect. :. Superior border, or crest. 2. Anterior superior iliac spine. 3. Posterior superior iliac spine. 4, 4, 4- Superior curved line. 5, 5. Inferior curved line. 6. Surface between inferior curved line and acetabulum. 7. Anterior inferior iliac spine. 8. Anterior interspinous notch. 9. Posterior inferior iliac spine. 10. Posterior interspinous notch. 11. Spine of ischium. 12. Great sacro-sciatic notch. 13. Acetabulum. 14, Fundus of acetabulum. 15, 15. Circumference of acetabulum. 16. Cotyloid notch. 17. Spine of pubes. 18. Horizontal branch of pubes. 19. Descending branch of pubes. 20, 20, Ischium. 21. Groove for tendon of obturator externus mus- cle. 22. Obturator foramen. TO 11 12 Femur, Posterior Aspect. r, I. Linea aspera. 2, 2. Ex- ternal division. 3. Internal division. 4, 4. Inferior divi- sions. 5. Head. 6. Depres- sion for attachment of round ligament. 7. Neck. 8. Great trochanter. 9. Digital or trochanteric fossa. 10. Lesser trochanter. 11. Outer con- dyle. 12. Inner condyle. 13. Intercondyloid notch. 14. Outer tuberosity. 15, Inner tuberosity. Tibia and Fibula, Anterior Aspect. . Shaft of tibia. 2. Internal tuberosity. 3. External tu- berosity. 4. Spine. 5. Tuber- cle. 6. Crest. 7. Inferior ex- tremity. 8. Internal malleo- lus, g. Shaft of fibula. 10. Superior extremity. 11. In- ferior extremity and external malleolus. Pelvis, Antero-superior View, Superior Strait. I, I. Internal iliac fossge. .£, 2. Iliac crests. 3, 3. Anterior superior iliac spines. 4, 4. Anterior inferior iliac spines, 5, 5. Ilio-pectineal eminences. 6, 6. Horizontal branches of pubes. 7, 7. Bodies and symphysis of pubes. 8, 8. Aceta- bula. 9, 9. Tuberosities of ischia. 10, 10. Ascending rami of ischium. 11, 11. Descending rami of pubes. 12, 12. Spines of ischia. 13, 13. Posterior wall of pelvic cavity. 14, 14. Sacro-iliac symphyses. 15. Sacro-vertebral angle. 16, 16. Superior strait. Foot, Plantar Aspect. :. Inferior surface of calca- neum. 2, Inner tuberosity. 3- Outer tuberosity. 4. Angu- lar depression between these tuberosities. 5. Inferior por- tion of head of astragalus. 6. Plantar surface of cuboid, for attachment of inferior cal- caneo-cuboid ligament. 7. Tuberosity of cuboid. 8. Sca- phoid. 9. Tuberosity of sca- phoid. 10. Inferior portion of internal cuneiform. 11. Apex of middle cuneiform. 12. Apex of internal cunei- form. T3, 14, 15, 16, 17. First, second, third, fourth and fifth metatarsal bones 18 Tuber- osity of fifth metatarsal bone. 19. Two sesamoid bones. 20. 1; First phalanx of great toe. 21 . Last phalanx of great toe- 22, 22. _ First phalanges of 2i remaining toes. 23, 23. Sec- ond and third phalanges of these toes. BONES 229 BONES TABLE OF BOi^BS.—ConHnued. Name. Principal Features. Articulations and Variety. Muscular and Ligamentous Attachments. Turbinate, inferior. Turbinate, middle. Turbinate, superior. One on each side of outer wall of nasal fossse; curled like a scroll ; two surfaces, two borders, two extremities, lachrymal pro- cess, ethmoidal process, maxil- lary process. The free convoluted margin of the thin lamella, that descends from the under surface of the cribri- form plate of the ethmoid bone. The thin curved plate of the ethmoid, that bounds the supe- rior meatus of the nose above. Ethmoid, Superior maxillary, Lachrymal, Palate, synarthrodia. Tympanic. Includes the Incus, Malleus and Stapes {g. v.). Ulna. Inner side of forearm, parallel with radius; prismatic; shaft and two extremities, olecranon process, coronoid process, greater and lesser sigmoid cavi- ties, oblique ridge, perpendicular line, head or Tower extremity, styloid process ; long bone. Humerus Radius, —ging-lymus. superioT—diarthrodta ro- tatoria, middle—membranous, inferior—dmrthrodia rota- toria. Triceps, anconeus, flexor carpi ulnaris, brachialis anticus, pronator radii teres, flexor sublimis digitorum, flexor profundus digitorum, flexor longus pollicis ( occasionally), pronator quad- ratus, supinator brevis, extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, extensor secundi internodii pollicis, extensor indicis, extensor carpi ulnaris. Unciform. Wedge-shaped ; hopk-like pro- cess ; in lower row of carpus ; short bone. Semilunar, Fourth and fifth meta- carpal, Cuneiform, Os magnum. ■ arthrodia. Flexor brevis minimi digiti, flexor ossis metacarpi minimi digiti, anterior annular ligament. Vertebra. Twenty-six ; cervical seven, dor- sal twelve, lumbar five, sacrum (composed of five), coccyx (com- posed of four; each has a body and an arch ; latter has two pedi- cles, two laminae and seven pro- cesses, viz. : four articular, two transverse, one spinous. Pecu- Har vertebrae, first, second and seventh cervical; first, ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth dor- sal, sacrum, coccyx; irregular bones. Aiticulate with each other, and with occipital and innominate bones and ribs {g. v.). Intervertebral articulations, between the hodi^s—amphiarikrodia. Between articular processes— ar/Aro- dia. Attachment of muscles.— Tij the Atlas are attached nine pairs: the longus "Colli, rectus anticus minor, rectus lateralis, rectus posticus minor, ob- liquus superior and inferior, splenius colli, levator anguli scapulas and first intertransverse. To the Axis are attached eleven pairs : the longus colli, obliquus inferior, rectus posticus major, semispinalis colli, multifidus spinae, levator anguli scapulae, splenius colli, scalenus medius, transversalis colli, intertrans- versales, interspinales. 7b the remaining vertebrcs generally are attached thirty-five pairs and a single muscle: anteriorly, the rectus anticus major, longus colli, scalenus anticus, medius, and posticus, psoas magnus, psoas parvus, quadratus lumborum, diaphragm, obliquus in- ternusand transversalis ; posteriorly, the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, leva- tor anguli scapulae, rhomboideus major and minor, serratus posticus superior and inferior, splenius, erec- tor spinae, sacro-lum balls, longissi- mus dorsi, spinalis dorsi, cervicalis ascendens, transversalis colli, trachelo-mastoid, complexus, biven- ter cervicis, semispinalis dorsi and colli, multifidus spinas, rotatores spinas, interspinales, supraspinales, intertransversales, levatores costa- rum. Vomer. Situated vertically at back part of nasal fossae ; forms part of sep- tum of nose ; somewhat like a plow-share ; two surfaces and four borders. Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Superior maxillary (two). Palate (two). Cartilage of the sep- tum, ■ synarthrodia. Wormian. Supernumerary bones ; irregular, inconstant, isolated, interposed between the cranial bones, most frequently in the 1 a m b d o i d suture. BOSE'S OPERATION Bose's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Boss {bo^ [ME., bos\. A wide, flattish protuberance, as on the skull or on a tumor. Bosselated (bos' -el-a-ted) [ME., bos\ Covered with bosses or small nodules. Bosselation (bos-el-a' -shuti) [ME., itfj]. A boss-like elevation of the surface. Bostock's Catarrh. See Diseases, Table of. Bostryx {bos' -triks) \fi6aTpvxoq, a curl]. In biology, a helicoid cyme. Boswellia (boz-wel'-e-ah) [after Boswell, a Scotch botanist]. A genus of burseraceous trees of S. Asia and E. and Central Africa. B. carteri furnishes olibanum, as also B. serrata. Bosv^orth's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bot (bot) \botus, a belly worm]. The larva of certain species of flies of the genus CEstrus, which are con- veyed into the stomach of man, where they hatch. Also the thread-worm, Oxyuris vermicularis. See Parasites (Animal), Table of. Botal, or Botallo, Duct of. See Diict. B., Fora- men of. See Foramina, Table of. B., Valve of. See B. , Foramen of. Botalismus (bot-al-iz'-mus'). See Bolulismus. Botanic (bot'-an-ik) [^jioravri, an herb]. Pertaining to botany. B. Physiciaji, a title assumed by certain persons who profess to use only vegetable remedies. See Eclectic. Botanist (bof -an-ist) [Poravri, herb]. A student of botany. Botanophile (bot-an' -ofl) [Potclvti, herb ; (jiiXelv, to love]. Botanic dilettanti. Persons fond of botany, but not true botanists. Botany (bot'-an-e) [^oravJi, an herb]. The science of plants — their classification and structure. B. Bay Gum. See Acaroides. Bote (bot\. See Passivism. Bothria (both' -re-aK) [L.]. Plural of Bothrion, or of Bothruim. Bothriocephalus (both-re-o sef'-al-tis) \_Po6pion), a pit ; m^aki}, a head] . A genus of tapeworms. See Tape- worm. B. latus, the Broad tapeworm; a common parasite of man in certain European localities. It may reach twenty-five feet in length, with a breadth of three-fourths of an inch. It is also called Tcenia lata, and Dibothrium latum. See Parasites (Animal), Table of. Bothrion (both' -re-on) [poBpiov, a pit]. I. A small cavity ; the socket of a tooth. 2. A facet, or fosset, such as is seen upon the head of most of the tape- worms. 3. A deep corneal ulcer. Bothrium (both'-re-um). See Bothrion. Botium (bo'-she-um) [L.]. A goiter or tumor of the neck. B. trachelophyma. Synonym of Goiter. Botrel's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Boiryoid (bot' -re-oid) [(Sdrpuf, a cluster; eMof, likeness]. Resembling in shape a bunch of grapes. Botryomycosis (bot-re-o-mi-ko' -sis) \_^6rpvq, a bunch of grapes; li^n-ig, a fungus]. A disease of horses in which fibromatous nodules form in the lungs. It is dependent upon the presence of a microorganism called Botriomyces. Botryose (bot'-re-os) [^(Sdrpvg, a cluster of grapes] . An inflorescence constructed on the plan of a raceme. Botryo-therapeutics (bot-re-o-ther-ap-u'-tii:) [pdrpvc, a bunch of grapes ; OepairsvriK-^, medical art] . See Grape-Cure. Bots (botz), Bott (hot). See Bot. Bottcher's Cells. Small cells in the cochlea, occur- ring in a single layer in the basilar membrane. B.'s Crystals, peculiar microscopic crystals formed by adding a drop of a one per cent, solution of phos- 230 BOUQUET phate of ammonia to a drop of prostatic secretion. They are composed of a phosphate formed from a base that exists in prostatic fluid, and that is sup- posed to impart to it its peculiar odor. B.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. Botteker's Test. See Tests, Table of. Bottger's Test. See Tests, fable of. Bottini's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bottle (bof -I) \}liE.,botel; Ft., bouteille']. A vessel, usually of glass, with a narrow neck. B., Feeding, a flat flask with a nipple of India-rubber attached, used for feeding infants. B. Nose, a common name for Acne rosacea. B., Specific Gravity, a Florence flask graduated to contain 500-1000 grains of water, with the weight of which an equal volume of any other liquid may be compared. B. -stoop, in pharmacy, a block so grooved that it serves to hold a wide-mouthed bottle in an oblique position while a powder is being dispensed from it. B.-wax, a hard, stiff variety of wax used in sealing bottles. Botts (botz). See Bot. Botulinic Acid [bot-u-lin'-ii as' -id) [botulus, a s&yi- sage]. An acid asserted to exist in putrefying sau- sages, and to constitute their specific poison. Botulism (bot'-u-lizm), Botulismus (bot-u-liz'-mm) [botulus, SL sausage] . Sausage-poisoning. See Allan- tiasis, Blunzen, and Allanto-toxicon. Bouchard's Diet. See Treatment, Methods of. B.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of. B.'s Nod- ules, nodules appearing upon the phalangeal joints of the hands of persons suffering with gastrectasis. Bouchut's Tubes. A variety of tubes for intubation of the larynx. Bougard's Paste. A caustic paste containing bichlorid of mercury, chlorid of zinc, arsenic, cinnabar, starch, and wheat flour. It is used as an application to carcinoma. Bougie iboo-zhe') [Fr., a candle]. A slender, cylin- drical instrument made of waxed silk, catgut, etc., for introduction into the urethra or other passage, for the purpose of dilation, exploration, etc. Some- times bougies are covered with preparations that are thus conveyed to the inner mucous surfaces. B., Armed, a bougie with a piece of nitrate of silver or other caustic attached to its extremity. B., Filiform, a whalebone or other bougie of very small size. Bouhou (boo-hoo'). See Boohoo. Bouillaud's Disease. See Endocarditis, and Diseases, Table of. Bouillon (boo-e-yon'{g)) [Fr.]. An alimentary broth made by boiling meat, usually beef, in water. A soup. Also a liquid nutritive medium made by boiling meat, for the culture of microorganisms. Peptonized bouil- lons and solutions of powdered meats have also been used. B. of Liebig, made by dissolving Liebig's meat extract, 5 grams, in boiling water, ipo grams, neutralizing with bicarbonate of soda and filtering. Its nutritive value is increased by adding glucose. Bouisson's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Bouknemia (book-ne'-me-ah). Synonym of Elephan- tiasis arabum. Boulesis (boo-le'-sis). See Bulesis. Boulimia (boo-lim'-e-ah). See Bulimia. Boulopeithia (boo-lo-pi' -the-ah). See Bulopeithia. Boulton's Solution. A solution used in the form of a spray in the treatment of rhinitis. Its formula is, com- pound tincture of iodin tr^xx ; carbolic acid (cryst. ) , n\,vj ; glycerin, 3 vij ; distilled water, ,5 V. This is placed in a water bath at 100°, in a tightly-corked bottle until the solution becomes colorless, and is then filtered. Bouquet (boo-ka') [Fr.]. I. In anatomy, a cluster, of nerves, blood-vessels, or muscles. 2. The delicate BOURDIN'S PASTE 231 BRACHIONIGRAPH perfume and flavor of good wine. 3. The odor charac- teristic of a disease. B. of Riolan, the cluster of ligaments and muscles attached to the styloid process. Bourditi's Paste. A mixture of nitric acid with flow- ers of sulphur; used as an escharotic. Bourdonnement (boor-don-mon(g)') [Fr., bourdon- ner, to bu%z\. Any buzzing sound. The murmur that is heard when the stethoscope is applied to any part of the body. It is thought to result from con- traction of the muscular fibrillse. See, also, Bombus. Boutha (boo'-thah). A non-alcoholic, stimulating, aer- ated beverage, containing thein; proprietary. Bouton {boo-ioni,g)') [Fr.]. I. A bud or bulb. 2. A pimple. B. d'Alep, the Aleppo button or boil. See Furunculus orientalis. B. de Biskra. See Furun- culus orientalis. Boutons Terminals. Small terminal enlargements or tactile-cells of sensory nerves, as in the nose of the guinea pig and mole. BoutonniSre Operations. See Operations, Table of. Bovet, Bacilltis of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Bovey Coal (bo'-ve kot). See Lignite. Bovina Fames (bo-vi'-nah fa'-mSz) [L.]. Bovine hunger; bulimia. Bovine (bo'-vin) [bovinus, of an ox]. Ox-like. B. Heart, the immensely hypertrophied heart of aortic valvular disease. B. Hunger. See Bovina Fames. Bovinine {bo'-vin-in) \_bos, bovis, a.-n oii]. A propriet- ary preparation of beef used as a food for invalids and convalescents. 'Bavisia. (bo-vis' -tah) Ih.^ 1. A genus of fungi closely allied to Lycoperdon ; some of the species are edible. 2. The Lycoperdon bovista, a fungus or puff-ball. When dry it is a good styptic, and its tincture is used for nervous diseases. It is chiefly employed by homeo- pathists. Bow (^0) [ME.,^ozt/f]. A bending. B.- drill, a kind of drill worked by a bow and string, formerly em- ployed in lithotripsy. B.-leg, a bending outward of the lower limbs. See Genu varum. Bovirditch Island Ringworm. See Tinea imbricata. Bowels {bow'-elz) [ME., iowele : botellus, a. sa.usage']. The intestines. Bovtrman's Capsule. The hyaline membrane that forms the wall of the enlargement at the origin of a uriniferous tubule. Same as Malpig- ^^ . 1).^^ hiatf Capsule. B. Discs, the pro- ducts of a break- ing up of muscle- ^ fibers in the direc- ^^^^f^^^^ A ^^jT"^ tion of the trans- ni^^^^^'''^^^^l \\^ — ^ verse striations. I VVxf^El^SlS 1 ''^^^ These correspond to the discs of "principal sub- stance" of Dobie. B. Glands. See Gland. B. I^a- mellae of the Cor- nea. See Mem- brane of Descemet. B. Membrane, a thin homogeneous membrane repre- senting the upper- most layer of the stroma of the cor- nea, with which it is intimately connected. B. Muscle ^ BowMAK's Capsule and Glomerulus. a. Vas afferens. e. Vas efferens. c. Capillarv network of the cor- tex, k. Eridnthelium of the cap-, sule. h. Origin of a convoluted tubule. {After Landois^ See Muscles, Table of. B. Operations. See Operations, Table of. B. Physic. See Gillenia. B. Probe. See Lachrymal. B. Root. See Gillenia. B. Tubes, artificial passages made by forcing air or fluids be- tween the corneal lamellae. Box, Boxwood (boks, boks' -wood) . See Buxus. B.- berry, a popular name for Gaultheria procumbens. B. Plate, a metallic plate with an air-tight chamber, used as an obturator, or in connection with artificial teeth, for the replacement of the loss of natural struc- ture. See Raised Base. B. Pulse-measurer, an instrument for measuring the pulse by its action upon a colunm of liquid when the exposed artery is placed within an oblong box communicating with the column . Boyer's Apparatus. An apparatus for reducing frac- tures of the humerus ; it is composed of four splints and two spiral bandages, one within and one around the splints. B. Bandage. Ste. Bandage. B. Cyst. See Diseases, Table of. B. Splint. See B .' s Apparattes. Boyle's Law. See Law. B. Ventilator. See Ven- tilation. Boynton's Method. See Operations, Table of. B. Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of Bozeman's Apparatus. A wooden framework intended to hold a patient in the knee-elbow posture in the operation for vesico-vaginal fistula. B. Catheter, a double-current catheter. B. Operation. See Opera- tions, Table of. Braccate (brak'-dt) [braces, breeches]. In biology, having the feet completely feathered. Brachelytrous (bra-keV -it-rus) \^paxv^, short ; eXvrpov, a sheath]. In biology, with short elytra or wing- covers. Brachia {bra'-ke-aK). Plural of Brachium. Brachial [bra'-ke-al) [brachium, the arm]. Pertaining to the arm, especially the upper arm. B. Artery, the continuation of the axillary artery, extending along the inner side of the arm. See Arteries, Table of. B. Diplegia. See Paralysis. B. Glands, the lym- phatic glands of the arm. See Gland. B. Plexus, the plexus of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth cer- vical and the first dorsal pair of nerves. See Plexuses, Table of. B. Veins, the veins of the arm that accom- pany the brachial artery. See Vein. Brachialgia {bra-ke-al' -je-ah) [/3pa;f(«v,thearm; d/lyof, pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the arm or in the brachial plexus. Brachialis anticus (bra-ke-a' -lis an'-tik-us). See Muscles, Table of. Brachiate {bra'-ke-at) [brachium, an arm]. In biology, possessing arms or branches. Brachinin {brak' -in-in) [Ppaxvc, short]. A substance obtained from the Bombardier Beetle, Brachinus crep- itans, of Europe. It is said to be efiicacious against rheumatism. Unof. Brachiocephalic ((5ra-/6^-tf-.r£/-a/'-;'/5) [l^paxmv, the arm ; luei^aXij, head]. Pertaining to the arm and the head. B. Artery and Vein, the innominate artery and vein. Brachiocubital {bra-ke-o-ku' -bit-aV) [i^paxiuv, the arm ; cubitus the forearm] . Relating to the arm and forearm ; as the brachio-cubital ligament. Brachiocyllosis [bra-ke-o-sil-o'-sis) [ppax'u-iv^ the arm ; KvMuatg, a bending]. A crookedness of the arm ; also the paralysis that may accompany it. Brachiodermian [bra-ke-o-der' -me-an) [l^paxluv, the arm ; Sipjxa, the skin]. Relating to the skin of the arm. Brachioncus {bra-ke-ong'-kus) [fipaxi'Jv, the arm ; 5yK0f, a swelling]. Any hard and chronic swelling of the arm. Brachionigraph [bra-ke-on' -ig-raf) [^pax'tav, the arm ; ypa^uv, to write]. A device or apparatus by which a BRACHIORADIAL 232 BRAIN person who has lost the hand, or who has writer's cramp, can write by means of the muscles of the upper arm. Brachioradial (bra-ke-o-ra'-de-al) [lipaxiuv, the arm ; radius, a staff]. The supinator radii longus muscle. See Alzisdes, Table of. Brachiorrheuma (bra-ke-o-ru'-mah) [^paxiav, the arm ; f>ev/ia, a flux]. Rheumatism of the arm. Brachiostrophosis {bra-ke-o-stro-fo' ■ sis) \fipaxui>v, the arm ; arpkiiiuv, to turn]. A twist or twisted deformity of the arm. Brachiotomy (bra-ke-of -o-me) [/Jpax'wv, the arm ; ro^^, a section]. The surgical or obstetric removal of an arm. Brachiplex {bra' -ke-pleks) [jipax'tuv, the arm ; plexus, a twining]. The brachial plexus. Brachiplexal (bra-ke-pleks'-al) {fipaxn^v, the arm ; plexus, a twining]. Relating to the brachiplex. Brachistocephalic, or Brachistocephalous {bra-kis- to-sef-al'-ik, or bra-kis-to-sef -al-us) [/3/Da;i;wrrof, shortest; neipciXri, head]. Having an extremely short and very broad head. Brachium (bra'-ke-um) \brachium, ^pa^iav, the arm : //. , Brachia'] . The arm, especially the upper arm ; the arm above the elbow. An extensor process of an organ. B. Cerebri or B. of Optic Lobes, the bands connecting the nates and testes with the optic thalamus. B. Pontis, the brachium of the pons, being also the middle peduncle of the cerebellum. Brachia cerebelli, the peduncles of the cerebellum. Brach-Romberg Symptom. See Signs and Symptoms , Table of. Brachybiotic [brak-e-bi-of -ik ) \Ppax'"Q, short ; /3iOf, life]. Short-lived. Brachycardia (brak-e-kar'-de-ah). Same as Brady- cardia. Brachycephalia (brak-e-sef-a' -le-ah ) [/3pa;(f{if, short ; Kt^a^i], a head]. The quality of being brachycepha- lic. Brachycephalic \brak-e-sef-al' -ik) [jipaxiiQ, short; icE(paX^, a head]. In biology, applied to skulls of an egg-like shape, with the larger end behind. Having a skull, the transverse diameter of which is more than eight-tenths of the long diameter. See Index. Brachycephalism (irak-e-sef'-al-hm). See Brachy- cephalia. Brachycephalous [brak-e-sef'-al-us) [_Ppax^C, short ; Ke(pa%^, a head]. Brachycephalic. Brachycephaly (brak-e-sef ' -a-le). See Brachycepka- lia. Brachydactylia (brak-e-dak-til' -e-aK) [fipax'o^, short : rfa/crtiAof, a digit]. Abnormal shortness of the fingers or toes. Brachydactylism {brak-e-dak' -tU-izrn) . See Brachy- dactylia. Brachydactylous [brak-e-dak' -til-US') l(ipaxi'C, short ; daKTvXoc, a finger]. Pertaining to an abnormal short- ness of the fingers or toes. Brachygnathism {brak-ig' -nStk-izm) [I3paxi>^, short; yv&6og, a jaw]. Excess of length of the superior incisive arch , as in a horse. Brachykephalia (brak-e-kef-a' -le-ah). See Brachy- Brachymetropia (brak-e-me-tro' -pe-ah) \_Bpax^?t short ; fihpnv, a measure ; dii/), the eye]. See Myopia. Brachymetropic (brak-e-me-trop' -ik) [Ppaxi'i, short ; /lerpov, a measure ; iji/;, the eye]. See Myopic. Brachyodont [brak'-e-o-dont ) \fipax'i>i, short ; oMv^, a tooth]. In biology, applied to low-crowned teeth: the opposite of Hypsodont. Brachypnea (brak-ip-ne' -ah ) [/3/Jn!i'"f , short ; moir], breath]. Abnormal shortness of breath. Brachypodous (brak-ip' -o-dus) \fipax^K, short; Tniuf, foot]. In biology, possessing a short foot or stalk. 'Qta.ziiy^X.&xowi (brak-ip' -ter-us) [/Jpax^fj short ; nrepbv, a wing] . In biology, short-winged. Brachyrrhinia (brak-e-rin' -e-ah ) \fipax^i, short ; p'i.%, a nose]. Abnormal shortness of the nose. Brachysomia [brak-e-so' -me-ah ) \_Ppaxvi, short ; adjui, body]. Shortness of the body. Brachyurous (brak-e-u'-rus) \fipaxvq, short ; mpa, tail]. In biology, short- tailed. Bracklet (brak'-let) \bracteola, a thin leaf]. In biology, the smaller bract borne on pedicles. Bract (brakt) \bractea, a thin plate]. In biology, the name of the modified leaves borne on flower-peduncles or at the base of flower-clusters. Bracteole. Same as Bracklet. Bradesthesia (brad-es-the' -ze-ah). See Bradyesthesia. Bradyarthria {brad-e-ar' -thre-ah)\_(ipadi}g , slow ; apdpov, articulation] . Abnormally slow articulation of words : bradylalia. Bradybolism [brad-ib' -o-lizm) [^fipaSiig, slow ; fiaXTxiv, to throw]. Same as Bradyspermatism-. Bradycardia [brad-e-kar'-de-ah) \_ppai%(, slow ; napSia, the heart] . Slow pulse — the opposite of tachycardia. Bradycauma '{brad-e-kaw'-mah) \_jipaSvQ, slow ; Kav/ia, burn: pi, Bradycaumatci\. Slow cautery, as with the moxa. Bradycrote (brad' -e-krbt) [^PpaSvg, slow ; icpbrog, a beat- ing]. Marked by or relating to slowness of the pulse.- Bradycrotic (brad-e-krot'-ik) [^fipadvg, slow ; Kp&ro^, a beating]. Bradycrote. Bradyecoia (brad-e-ek-oi' -ah) [^Ppa&vg, slow ; huovcLV, to hear]. Hardness of hearing. Bradyesthesia [brad-e-es-the' -ze-ah) \_jipaSvg, slow; alaOrimg, perception]. Dulness of perception. Bradylalia (irad-e-la' -le-ah) \_lipadvg, slow; T^ktl]), to talk]. A slow and disordered utterance. Bradylogia (brad-e-lo' -je-ah) \_^oaSvq, slow ; Uyoq, dis- course]. Bradylalia. Bradymasesis, Bradymassesis {brad-e-mas-e' -sis), or Bradymastesis (brad-e-mas-te' -sis) [Ppadiig, slow; //.daijaig, mastication]. Slow or difficult mastication, especially that seen in general paralysis, or after lesions of the fifth nerve. Bradypepsia (brad-e-pep' -se-ah) \Jipa.fihg, slow ; vk-^iq, digestion]. Difficult or slow digestion. Bradyphasla (brad-e-fa' -ze-ah) \_ppa&'u(, slow ; ^dmc, speech]. Bradylalia. Bradyphrasia (brad-e-fra' -ze-ah) \fipaivg, slow ; (ppAaig, utterance] . Slowness of speech ; it occurs in some types of mental disease. Bradypnea (brad-ip-ne' -ah) \_^paSvq, slow ; ■Kvktai, to breathe]. Abnormal slowness of breathing. Bradyspermatism [brad-e-sper' -mat-izm) [(Spatfiif, slow; o'Kkpp.a, seed]. Abnormally slow emission of semen. Bradysphygmia (brad-e-sf.g' -me-ah) [I3pa6i)g, slow; aij)vyp.6g, pulse]. Abnormal slowness of the pulse. Bradysuria (brad-is-u'-re-ah). See Bradyuria. Bradytocia (brad-e-to' -se-ah) [/Jporfif, slow ; Td/tof, birth]. Abnormally slow or protracted parturition. Bradytrophic (brad-e-trbf ' -ik) [/3par!iif, slow ; rpoip^, nutrition]. Characterized by slowness of trophic changes. Bradyuria (brad-e-u' -re-ah) [(SpntJif , slow ; abpav, urine]. Slow passage of urine. Braidism (brad'-izm) [Braid, the originator]. The hypnotic state produced by fixation of the eyes upon a shining object ; described by James Braid in 1842. See Hypnotism. Brain (bran) [Low Ger., bro^s^en']. The general con- tents of the cranium, especially the cerebrum. B., BRAIN 233 BRAN Superior Aspect, or Convexity of the Brain. X, I. Fissure of Rolando. 2, 2. Ascending frontal convolution. 3, 3. As- cending anfl superior parietal convolutions. 4, 4. First frontal con- volution. 5, 5. Second frontal. 6, 6. Third frontal. 7, 7. First occi- pital. 8, 8." Second occipital. 9, 9. Third occipital. 10. Anterior extremity of corpus callosum. 11, 11. Posterior extremity. Inferior Aspect of the Brain. I. Anterior extremity of corpus callosum. 2. Optic chiasm. 3. Tuber cinereum and infundibulum. 4. Corpora albicantia, or mamillaria. 5. Pons varolii. 6. Third nerve. 7. Aqueduct of Sylvius. 8. Testes. 10. Inferior surface of frontal lobe. 11. Convolution of the fissure of Abdominal. See So/ar P/exus. B., After-. See Metencephalon. B. Axis, that portion of the brain-substance including the island of Reil, the basal ganglia, the crura, pons, medulla, and cerebellum. B. -bladder, a cerebral vesicle of the embryo. B., Com- pression of, may arise from injury or dis- ease, from serous exudation, blood extrava- sation, etc. See ( ompression. B., Con- cussion of, is the result of injury producing symptoms of loss of power and function generally. %ee Concussion. B, -fag, mental exhaustion due to overwork. B. Fever, See Meningitis ; also Synonym of Typhoid Fever. B., Fore-. See Prosencephalon. B., Hind-. See Epencephalon. B., In- callosal, one in which there is a complete absence of the corpus callosum. This is commonly associated with mental and physi cal weakness, amounting often to idiocy. B., Inter-. See Diencephalon. B., Irri- tation of, follows injury, and is marked by symptoms of irritability and often by con- vulsive phenomena. B., Little, the cere- bellum. B. -mantle, that portion of the brain-substance including the convolutions, corpus callosum, and fornix. B., Mid-. See Mesencephalon. B.-pan, the cranium. B., Railway, a neurosis sometimes occur- ring in those who ride constantly on railway trains. It is characterized by anesthesia, or spinal hyperesthesia, insomnia, paresis, etc. B. Sand, a gritty mineral matter found in and about the pineal gland, con- sisting mainly of calcium and magnesium carbonates and phosphates. Its function is not known. B. -shake. Synonym of .5., Concussion of. B.-stem, the pons, me- dulla, and crura cerebri. B. -storm, a succession of sudden and severe phenomena, due to some cerebral disturbance. B.-tire, a condition of brain-exhaustion due to ex- cessive functional activity. See B.-fag. B.-wave, the supposed telepathic vibra- tion of a "mentiferous ether," by which thoughts and impressions may be transferred from one person to another. B.-wrax, See Cephalot. Brainard's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Bramah's Apparatus. An apparatus by which water may be charged with CO2 by the continuous method. Bramble (bram'-bl). See Rubus. Bran (bran) \MR.,bran'\. The epidermis or outer covering of the seeds of most cereals. It contains woody matter 35, starch 22, albumin and gluten 13, water 12, gum 8, other matters, including a small amount of silica, 10 per cent. It contains, also, a diastatic ferment that converts the starch into dextrin. B. Bath. See Bath. B. Tea, a decoction of bran, used in coughs. Sylvius. 12. Olfactory nerve. 13. Third convolu- tion of inferior surface of frontal lobe. 14. Fourth, convolution. 15. Third convolution of external surface of frontal lobe. 16. External border of posterior lobe. 17. Sphenoidal extremity. r8. Oc- cipital extremity. 19. Hippocampal convolution. 20. External convolution of poslerior lobe. 21. Middle convolution. 22. Internal convolution. 23. Gyrus fornicatus. BRANCH 234 BREATH Branch {branch) [ME., tranche^ A name given to the divisions or offshoots of blood-vessels, lymphatics, or nerves, from the trunk or main stem. Branchiae [prang' -ke-e) [^pdyxia, gills]. The gills of fishes. Branchial (brang' -ke-al) [/3pd5;fm, gills]. Pertaining to branchiee. B. Arches. See Arches. B. Open- ings. See Clefts, Visceral. Branchiostegite [brang-ke-os' -tej-lt) [jipayx'-''; gills ; aHyj/, a roof]. In biology, that portion of the cara- pace of a crustacean that covers the gills and branchial chamber. Branchireme [brang' -ke-retri) \_branchicE, gills ; remus, an oar, hand or foot of a swimmer]. In biology, a crustacean having gill-bearing legs. Branchus {brang' -kus) [/3|Od7;t;o£-, hoarseness]. Hoarse- ness. Brand Bath. See Bath. B. Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Brandt's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. B.'s ; Operation. See Operations , Table of. Brandy (bran'-de). "See Spiritus. B. Nose. See Acne rosacea. Branks (i5raK^/6j) \G&A.,brancas, a kind of pillory]. The mumps. Branny {iiran'-e) [ME., bran"]. Like bran. B. Kidney. Same as Large White Kidney, q. v. B. Tetter. Synonym of Pityriasis. Brasdor's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Brash {brash) [Dutch, braaken, to vomit], A common name indicating almost any disorder of the digestive system; any rash, or eruption; a short fit of illness. B., Water. See Pyrosis. Brasilin {bra'-zil-in) [ME. , brasif] , C, jHjjOj. Brazilin, a coloring-matter found in Brazil-wood and red-wood ; it crystallizes in white, shining needles, and dissolves in alkalies with a carmin-red color on exposure to the air. See Pigments, Conspectus of Brass {bras) [ME., bras']. An alloy of copper with 25- 40 per cent, of zinc. B. -Founder's Ague. See Ague. Brassica {bras' -ik-ah) [AS., brassica, cabbage]. A genus of plants, Nat. Order, Cruciferce, including the common cabbage. B. acidulata, sour crout (or Sauer Kraut). B. asperifolia esculenta, the common turnip. B. cauliflora (or florida), the cauliflower. B. cumana or rubra, the, red cabbage. B. napus, the rape plant. B. nigra, the black mustard. B. sativa, the common cabbage. Brassidic Acid {bras-id' -ik). See Acid. Braun's Canal. See Canal. B. Operation. See Operations, Table of B. Test. See Tests, Table of Braune {braun). See Brunissure. Braune's Canal. See Canal. Brawn {brawn) [ME., i5?-a«», a piece of flesh]. The flesh of a muscle ; well-developed muscles. Brawny {brawn'-e) [ME., brawn, a piece of flesh]. Fleshy ; muscular. B. Induration, pathologic harden- ing and thickening of the tissues. Braxy {braks'-e) [E. dial.]. A term applied to cer- tain forms of blood-disease, as anthrax in sheep. Three forms are recognized by shepherds ; a, turnip ; b, wet; c, red. B., Red, a form of septicemia in sheep in which the tissues are uniformly stained of a deep- red color by the coloring-matter of the blood. B., Turnip, a form of malnutrition of the blood occur- ring in sheep that are fed on an unlimited supply of roots, particularly of swedes. The attack is sudden in onset, short in duration, and fatal in termination. See Bacillus anthracis, PoUender and Davaine, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Brayera {bra-ye'-rah) [Fr., brayer\ Koosoo, koosso, koso, kousso, cusso. The female inflorescence of Hagenia abyssinica, containing tannic acid, a volatile oil and a crystalline principle, Koussin, CjiHjgO,,,. In large doses it produces nausea and emesis. It is valuable mainly as an anthelmintic against tapeworm. Dose ^ij-gss, in infusion of boiling water. B., Ext., Fid., dose gij-|j- Infusum Cusso (B. P.). Dose g iv-viij. Bread (^r^i/) [Sax., i^afaM to nourish; Lat.,/a»if; Gr., oprof]. A mixture of flour and water made porous by carbon dioxid and then baked. The flour may be of wheat, corn, oat, or rye. The carbon dioxid may be introduced by decomposing an alkaline jarbonate (sodium or potassium) , by an acid ( " cream of tartar " ) , or by fermenting the starch with yeast. B., Brown, a kind of bread made from a mixture of corn, rye and wheat flour. B., Graham, made from unbolted wheat flour ; it contains more gluten, diastase and mineral phosphates than ordinary bread. B., White, bread made from'bolted - wheaten flour, and therefore defi- cient in, diastase, gluten and mineral phosphates. Other kinds, such as rye (or black), com, bran, barley, etc. , indicate their composition by their name. B.- jelly, a food of service as an occasional- change from mushes, but with a tendency to constipate if given freely. It is prepared by pouring boiling water upon stale bread and allowing it to soak for an hour. The water is 'then removed, fresh water added, and the whole boiled until a thick mass forms. On pouring off the excess of water and cooling, a jelly-like material re- mains which may be eaten with milk or sugar. B.-mould. See Ascophora. B. -paste, a culture- medium for bacteria. Stale, coarse bread is dried, ground to powder and made into a paste with water. It is well suited for the growth of moulds. Break (brak) [ME., breken, to break]. In electricity, an opening in the circuit of a battery. See Make. In surgery, a fracture. B. -bone Fever. See Dengue. B. Shock, a term sometimes employed in electro- therapeutics for the physiologic shock produced on the opening or breaking of an electric circuit. Breast {brest) [ME., brest,\}a.t breast]. The upper anterior part of the body between the neck and abdo- men. Also, the mamma. B.-bone. See Sternum. B., Broken, abscess of the mammary gland. B., Chicken, Pectus carinatum ; a deformity marked by prominence of the sternal portion of the chest. B. Glass, a glass receptacle for the overflow of milk from the breast. B. Pang, angina pectoris. See Ste- nocardia. B. Pump. See Antlia. B., Pigeon. Same as B. , Chicken. B. Tea, German, a mixture of althea, or marshmallow, eight parts ; coltsfoot leaves, four parts ; liquorice, three parts ; anise and mullein leaves, each two parts ; orris, one part : this is called also species pectoralis. Breastweed. See Saururus cernui4s. Breath {breth) [AS., brieth\ The air exhaled from the lungs. It has lost a part of its oxygen and gained a certain but varying amount of ammonia, aqueous vapor and carbon dioxid from the oxidation of the waste- matter of the blood. Also applied to the air inspired. B. Sounds, the respiratory sounds heard upon auscultation. In the healthy chest three varieties of respiratory sounds may be recognized : i . Those pro- duced in the glottis, and audible over the lower end of the trachea — tracheal or bronchial breathing. 2. Those produced in the alveoli and audible over the lungs — vesicular breathing. 3. Those audible about the roots of the lungs, combining the character of the two preceding — broncho-vesicular breathing. A Table of Breath- Sounds is given on the next page. BREATHING 235 BREGMATO- ANTERIOR TABLE OF BREATH-SOUNDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. (Altered and enlarged from J. K. Fowler"). Variety OF Breathing. Period. Pitch. Quality. Interval, Duration. Intensity. Where Heard. Condition IN WHICH Heard. Vesicular. 1. Inspira- tion. 2. Expira- tion. Low. Lower. Vesicular. Blowing. None. Shorter than in- spiration or absent. Variable. Faint or ab- sent. Over the lungs, in health. In health. Bronchial, 1. Inspira- tion. 2, Expira- tion. High, Higher. Tracheal. Tracheal. Distinct. Equal to or longer than inspiration. Variable. Greater. In healthy over the seventh cervical spine In disease , over areas of consolidation In health; pulmonary tuberculosis, lobar pneu- monia, large pleuritic effusions, thoracic a n e u rysm . mediastinal tumors. Broncho- vesicular. 1. Inspira- tion. 2. Expira- tion. Higher than in vesicular breathing. Higher than in vesicular breathing. More or less tracheal. More or less tracheal. Slight. About equal to inspiration. Variable. Greater. In healthy ant., over sternal portion of in- fra-clavic. region; post., upper part of inter-scapular region. In disease, over slight c o n - solidation. In, health; pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculo- sis. Amphoric. 1. Inspira- tion. 2. Expira- tion. Low. Lower. Hollow and me- tallic. Both characters more marked. Distinct. Longer than inspiration. Variable. Greater. Over a laige cavity com- municating with an open bronchus. Pulmonary tu- berculosis. Cavernous. 1. Inspira- tion. 1. Expira- tion. Low. Lower. Blowing and hollow. Both characters more marked. Distinct. Longer than inspiration. Variable. Greater. Over a cavity communicat- ing with an open bron- chus. Pulmonary tuberculo- sis. Tubular. 1. Inspira- tion. 2. Expira- tion. Higher than in bronchial breathing. Higher. Laryngeal or whiffing. Laryngeal or whiffing. Distinct. Equal to or longer than inspiration. Variable. Greater. Over consolid- ated areas. Lobar pneu- monia, pul- monary tU' berculosis. ^TsaXiimg {brith'-ing) [AS., drcet/i']. See Respiration. B., Abdominal, breathing in which the abdominal walls move decidedly and in which the diaphragm is actively engaged. B., Diminished, is the reverse of B. Exaggerated. The normal breath-sound is present, but its intensity is much diminished. It is very fre- quently heard at the apex in the early stage of pulmo- nary tuberculosis. B., Exaggerated, is the normal breath-sound of children, but when occurring in adults, it indicates a compensatory action of one part of the lungs for deficient action elsewhere. It is an exaggerated degree of the normal vesicular breathing. B., Interrupted, Wavy or Cogwheel, a broken or interrupted inspiratory sound produced by nervous- 1 ness, irregular contraction of the muscles of respira- tion, or irregular expansion of the lung from disease. B., Mouth, habitual respiration through the mouth. B., Puerile. See B. , Exaggerated. B., Suppressed, entire absence of breath-sounds, as in pleuritic effu- sion and certain solid conditions of the lung. B., Thoracic, respiration in which the thoracic walls are actively moved. Bredsore (bred'-sor) [Vulgar]. A sore coming with- out any visible cause; a whitlow; also called Breeder. Breech [brech) [ME., breec/i\. The buttocks. B. Position. See Fetus, Position of. Breeches Splint. A splint that surrounds the leg ; oftenest made of woven wire. Breed {bred) [AS., bredan, to nourish]. To beget, produce ; to nurse ; to develop. Breeder (brld'-er). See Bredsore. Breeding-season [bre'-ding se'-zun) [AS., brldan, to nourish]. The period during which certain species of animals, especially the lower forms of vertebrates, beget and rear their young. Breeze (brez). See Head-breeze and Static-breeze. Brefeld and Nagele's Method. See Fractional Cul- tivation. Bregenin {breg'-en-in) [Low Ger., bregen, brain], CjjHgjNOj. A name given by Thudichum to a vis- cous principle, soluble in and crystallizable from alcohol, by means of which it has been extracted from brain-tissue. It is fusible like a fat, but is miscible with water. Bregma (breg'-mah) {fipiyfm, the sinciput : //. , Breg- mata\ A term applied to the anterior fontanelle. See Craniometric Points. Bregmatic [breg-maf -ik) \fipt/fia, the sinciput]. Re- lating to a bregma. Bregmato-anterior (breg' -mat-o-an-te' -re-or") \jiptyjia, the sinciput ; anterius, front] . Having the bregma in the anterior portion of the mother's pelvis; applied to the presentation in labor. BREGMATO-COTYLOID 236 BRIGHT' S DISEASE Bregmato-cotyloid [breg'-mat-o-kol'-il-oid) [ppkyfia, the sinciput ; kot'v'a?/, a socket ; cirfof, form]. With the bregma toward the cotyloid depression (acetabu- lum) of the mother's pelvis ; a term used in obstetrics. Bregmatodymia {breg-mat-o-dim' -e-ah) \_jiptyfia, the sinciput; Sidv/io^, twin]. Teratic union of twins by the bregmata. Bregmato-posterior {breg' -mat-o-pos-te' -re-or) {fiph/iia, the sinciput; posterius, backward]. Having the bregma toward the rear of the mother's pelvis; a term used in obstetrics. Bremen (brem'-en) [Ger.]. A town in Germany. B. Blue. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. B. Green. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pig- ment. Bremer's Test for Diabetic Blood. Diabetic blood- corpuscles stained with eosin for ten minutes in an oven at 35° C. yield a greenish yellow tint ; in normal blood tlie color is brownish. Bremond's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Brenner's Formula. The feeble tone heard when the anode is opened in galvanic stimulation of the auditory nerve. This tone corresponds with the reson- ance fundamental tone of the sound-conducting appar- atus of the ear itself. Brephalus (bref'-al-us) \Ppk^oi;, the new-bom babe or young]. In biology, applied to the young of a crustacean just as it quits the ovum, in whatever stage. Bates's substitute for larva. Brephopolysarcia {brefo-pol-e-sar' -ke-ah) {fipk^oq, an infant ; 7ro/l{)f , much ; o6,p^, flesh] . Excess of flesh in an infant. Brephotrophium (brefo-tro-fe' -uni) [/Sp^^of, infant ; rp^0£iv, to noiurish]. An infant-asylum; a foundling- hospital. Breschet, Canals of. See Canal. B., Sinus of, the spheno-parietal sinus. See Sinus. B.'s Veins. See Vein. Bresgen's Formulae. Silver-nitrate powders of vary- ing strengths, with powdered starch, for use in rhinitis. Breslau Fever. See Fever. B. Test. See Birth. Breve extensor digitorum {bre7>-e-eks-ten' -sor dig-it-o'- rum') [L.]. The extensor brevis digitorum. See Muscles, Table of. Brevicaudate [brev-e-kaw^ ~ddt^ \brevis, short ; cauda, tail]. In biology, short-tailed. Breviductor (brev-e-duk' -tor) [L.]. The adductor brevis muscle of the thigh. See Muscles, Table of. Breviflexor [brev-e-fleks'-or) [L. ]. Any short, flexor muscle. Brevifoliate {brev-e-fo' -le-ai) [brevis, short ; folium, a leaf]. In biology, short- leaved. Brevilingual (brev-e-ling' -giDsl') [brevis, short ; lingua, a tongue]. In biology, short-tongued. Breviped [brev'-e-ped) [brevis, short; pes, a foot]. In biology, short-footed. Brevipen [brev' -e-pen) [brevis, short; penna, a wing]. In biology, short-winged. Brevirostrate {brev-e-ros' -trat) [brevis, short ; rostrum, a beak. In biology, short-billed. Brevissimus oculi {brev-iz' -em-us ok'-u-li) [L.]. The shortest muscle of the eye; the obliquus mferior. See Muscles, Table of. Brewcke's Test. See Tests, Table of. Brianfon Manna (bj-e-an-son' man'-ah). A kind of manna from the twigs of the European larch-tree. Bribosia's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Brick-Dust 'DeY>osit{brik'-dustde-pos'-it). A lateriti- ous sediment from urine. Bricklayers' Itch (brik-la' -erz ich) . Eczema due to irritation of lime mortar. Brick-makers' Anemia. See Anchylostomiasis. Bridge (^ry) [ME., *«af«]. i. The upper ridge of the nose formed by the union of the two nasal bones. 2. In electricity, an apparatus for measuring the resist- ance of a conductor. B. Coloboma. See Coloboma. B., Herpetic, a term for Fascicular Keratitis, q. v. B. of Nose, the prominent ridge formed by the nasal bones. B. of Varolius, the pons Varolii. B.-Work, in dentistry, the adaptation of artificial crowns of teeth to and over spaces made by the loss of natural teeth, by connecting such crowns to natural teeth or roots for anchorage by means of a bridge, and thereby dispensing with plates covering more or less of the roof of the mouth and the alveolar ridge. Bridle (bri'-dl) [ME., bridel^ I. A Frenum, q. v. 2. A band or filament stretching across the lumen of a passage, or from side to side of an ulcer, scar, or ab- scess. B. Stricture, a stricture due to the presence of a bridle traversing the caliber of the urethra. Brieger, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synony malic Table of. B.'s Method, a method of separating ptomaines from a putrefying mass. Briggs's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Brightic (br'it'-ik) [Bright, an English physician]. A person suff'ering from Bright' s disease. Bright's Disease (brits dis-lz') [Bright, an English physician]. A name formerly incorrectly used as a synonym of, albuminuria, and at present covering several forms of disease of the kidney associated with albumin in the urine. It may be acute (acute parenchy- matous nephritis') or chronic (which includes chronic parenchymatous nephritis, granular contraction of the kidneys, and albuminoid degeneration of the kidneys). Bright's disease is considered by Fothergill as a secondary condition arising from a tendency to- ward the reversion to that preanthropic type in which the liver performed the additional office of excreting uric acid. Acute Bright's Disease is sudden in its onset, and is associated with chills, headache, back- ache, vomiting, and edema, especially marked in the eyelids and the cheeks. The urine is scanty or even suppressed, of a dark, smoky hue, and contains a large amount of albumin, and blood. Microscopically, blood- corpuscles, renal epithelium, debris, and hyalin, epi- thelial, and blood-casts are found, and occasionally, also, granular casts. Occasionally the glomeruli of the kidney are the seat of the most marked changes, and to this condition the term " glomerulo-nephritis " has been given. The most frequent cause of acute Bright's disease is exposure to cold. It is often a com- plication of the specific fevers, especially scarlet fever. Death frequently results from uremia or cardiac failure, or the disease may assume a chronic form. Chronic Bright's Disease embraces, as has been said, three distinct diseases of the kidney. Chronic parenchy- matous nephritis, usually following an acute at- tack, is also known as chronic tubal and chronic desquamative nephritis, and from its size and pallor, the kidney resulting from the disease is called the " large white kidney," The capsule peels off readily and leaves a smooth or very slightly granular sur- face. The tubules are most involved in the change ; they are enlarged and distended with proliferated and swollen epithelial cells. There is some thick- ening of the interstitial tissue, as a rule. This large kidney is prone to undergo degenerative changes, the protoplasm of the cells in the tubules break- ing down into an amorphous debris. The kidney shrinks, and at the same time undergoes an increase in the interstitial tissue, fonning what is known as the "■ small white kidney." Granular contraction of the kidney is also known as chronic interstitial nephritis. BRILLIANT 237 BROMAMID and the kidney resulting is called the " small red granular kidney," the " red contracted kidney" and at times the ' ' gouty kidney ' ' or the " arterio- sclerotic kidney. ' ' This kidney is usually much di- minished in size and weight ; the capsule is greatly thickened and adherent, so that it cannot be removed without tearing the kidney-tissue. The renal sub- stance is reddish, granular, with small cysts, and firm on section. Microscopically, there is found a great increase in the interstitial tissue, reducing the caliber of the tubules. This excess of fibrous tissue has given origin to the name ' ' cirrhotic kidney, ^^ and this form of Bright' s disease is frequently associated with gout, syphilis, chronic lead-poisoning, or alcoholic excess. Albuminoid degeneration of the kidneys is also known as the amyloid, waxy, or lardaceous kidney. This kidney is enlarged and quite pale ; its consistence is firm, and the section has a peculiar, glistening, bacon- like appearance. The glomeruli stand out as bright points upon the surface ; the capsule peels off easily and leaves a smooth surface. lodin applied to the surface of the section turns the diseased portions a mahogany-brown color. The change in this disease is most marked in the glomeruli and the blood-vessel walls, but may be found elsewhere ; it is most fre- quently due to prolonged suppuration, bone and joint disease, tuberculosis, syphilis, malaria, and mercurial poisoning. The onset of chronic Bright' s disease is usually insidious, and may only be indicated by slight puflSness of the eyelids or the ankles, shortness of breath, dull and persistent headache, disorder of vision and hebetude. The pulse is one of high arterial ten- sion, and there is hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart, especially in the case of the contracted kidney; there is frequent micturition, progressive anemia, dryness of the skin, indigestion, and a ten- dency to uremia. The urine is always scanty with the large white kidney, but abundant with the other forms of the disease. The specific gravity and the reaction vary ; occasionally there may be present a. small quantity of blood, and albumin is always present at some period in chronic Bright' s disease. The quantity of albumin is very large in the large white and amy- loid kidneys ; very slight in the contracted form. Mi- croscopically, the urine contains renal epithelium, granular and fatty matter, and tube-casts. The latter are most plentiful in the large white kidney, but are never so numerous as in acute nephritis ; they are granular, fatty, and hyaline in nature. A frequent symptom of chronic Bright' s disease is the so-called " albuminuric retinitis ," in which condition there are ecchymoses of the retina, together with white glisten- ing spots, most numerous near the macula lutea, and frequently arranged in lines like the radiations from a star. This is diagnostic of chronic renal disease. The prognosis of chronic Bright' s disease is bad, death eventually resulting from uremia or apoplexy. Brilliant {bril'-yant) [Fr.]. Bright, glittering. B. Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. B. Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Brim [brim) [ME., brim']. An edge or margin. B. of Pelvis. See Pelvis. Brimstone (brim'-ston). See Sulphur. Brine Test. See Tests, Table of. Brinton's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Briquet's Ataxia. See Ataxia, &u& Diseases, Table of. Briquettes (brik-etz') . See Pitch. Brise-coque [brlz'-kok) [Fr., "shell-breaker"]. An instrument for crushing the shell of a calculus after its inner part has been pulverized. Brisement {brez-mon{gY ) [Fr.]. A crushing; the forcible breaking up of an ankylosis. Brise-pierre [brlz'-pe-ar') [Fr. , "stone-crusher"]. An old form of lithotrite. Bristle {bris'-l) [ME., bristel]. In biology, a stiff, coarse hair on certain animals and plants. A stiff feather. B.-cell, any one of the ciliated cells at the terminations of the auditory nerve-filaments. B., Den- tist's. See Nerve- Bristles. British [brit'-ish) [L., Britanni, the original inhabit- ants of Britain]. Of or pertaining to Great Britain. B. Gum. See Dextrin. B. Oil, a mixture of petroleum, Barbadoes tar, oil of amber, oil of juniper, oil of turpentine and linseed oil ; it is prized as a domestic remedy. Unof. Broach, Watchmaker's (brooch). A five-sided steel instrument used by dentists for enlarging the canal in the root, and the opening into a decayed cavity in the crown of a tooth. Broad (iroa?) \yi.'E. , brood \ Wide; extensive. B. Land Irrigation. See Sewage, Disposal of. B.- leafed Laurel. See Kalmia. B. Ligament. See Ligament. B. Tapeworm. See Bothriocephalus latus. Broca, " Grand Lobe Limbique " of. The cortical cerebral convolution formed by the continuation of the gyrzis hippocampi with the gyrus fornicatus. This should not be confused with " Broca' s Convolution," i. e. , the third left frontal. Broca's Angles. See Angle. B. Aphasia. See Dis- eases, Table of. B. Area, the speech-center of the frontal convolution. B. Auricular Point, the cen- ter of the external auditory meatus. B. Center. See Center. B. Convolution. See Convolutions, Table of. B. Fissure. See Fissures, Table of. B. Plane, the alveolo-condyloid plane. A line passing from the alveolar process of the superior maxilla and through the lowest part (condyles) of the occipital bone, the shaven head being so placed that this line shall be horizontal. This is employed in cranio- cerebral topography. B. Speech-center, the folded part of the base of the third frontal gyrus. Brochus [bro'-kus) [L.]. A person whose teeth pro- ject, or one who has a prominent upper lip. Brocq's Pomade. A pomade used in lupus erythe- matosus. It consists of salicylic and lactic acids, eachgss; resorcin, grs. xiv; oxidofzinc, gij; pure vaselin, ^xvij. Brodie's Disease. Same as Brodie^s Knee. B. Knee. See Diseases, Table of. Brokaw Ring (brok'-aw ring). A ring used in intes- tinal anastomosis, made of segments of rubber drain- age-tubing and threaded with catgut strands. Broken (^ro'-/4f») [AS.,ira««, to break]. In surgery, fractured, as a bone. B. Breast, abscess of the mammary gland. B. Wind, B. -winded, in farriery, a term applied to a condition of heart-strain following severe muscular effort. It is characterized by par- oxysms of cardiac dyspnea. See Heaves. B.-wing Fever. Synonym of Dengue. Bromal {bro'-mal) \Jipi>iu>q, a stench; aldehyd], CBr^.CHO. Tribromaldehyd, analogous to chloral. It is produced by the action of bromin on alcohol. It is a colorless, oily fluid, of a penetrating odor, and sharp burning taste, boiling at I72°-I73° ; it has been used in medicine, having properties similar to those of chloral. B. Hydrate, CBrj.CHO -I- H^O, a fluid of oily consistence, having a structure similar to that of chloral hydrate , but more irritating and narcotic than the latter. It is used as a hypnotic and in epilepsy. Dose gr. j-v. Unof. Bromamid (bro' -mam-id) \fipi)fu>^, a stench; amid\. A bromin compound of the anilid group with the formula, CsH^BrsNH.HBr. It contains 75 per cent. BROMANIL 238 BRONCHIECTASIS of broniin, and is much used as an antipyretic, in lo- to 1 5 -grain doses. Bromanil (bro' -man-W) \fipCifioq, a stench; anilin\, CgBrjOj. A compound obtained by heating phenol with bromin and iodin in water. It consists of golden- yellow, shining leaflets or thick plates that melt and sublime. Bromated Anlifebrin {bro' -ma-ted an-te-feb'-riri). See Antisepsin. Bromatography {hro-mat-og' -ra-fe) \J^pa)ui, food; ypa^ri, a writing]. A description of or treatise on foods. Bromatology {bro-mat-ol' -o-je) [Ppa/m, food ; Uyog, a science]. The science of foods. Bromethyl {brom-eth'-il^. See Ethyl Bromid. Bromid, or Bromide (bro' -mid, or -mid) {fipatioq, a stench]. Any haloid of bromin; those of calcium, iron, ammonium, potassium, and sodium are the ones mainly used in medicine. They allay nervous excite- ment, promote tranquillity, and are largely employed as sedatives. B. of Ethyl. See Hydrobromic Ether. Bromidia {bro-mid'-e-ah) [^^pafios, a stench]. An American nostrum containing in each fluid dram chloral hydrate and potassium bromid, each gr. IS, ex- tract of cannabis indica and extract of hyoscyamus, each gr. one-half Dose gj. Bromidrosiphobia {bro-mid-ros-e-/b'-be-ah) [/3pfi|iiOf, a stench; i(5p6f, sweat ; ^(5/3of , fear]. Insane dread of offensive personal smells, with hallucinations as to the perception of them. Bromidrosis {bro-mid-ro'-sis)lPpa/io(, a stench ; idp6(, sweat]. Osmidrosis; an affection of the sweat-glands in which the sweat has an offensive odor. It is usu- ally associated with chronic local hyperidrosis, especially of the feet. The odor is due to a specific decomposi- tion of the sweat from the presence of the bacterium foetidum. Bromidutn [bro' -mid-um) [^^paftog, a stench] . Bromid ; a salt of bromin. Bromin, Bromine, or Bromum [iro-min, or -mum) [^fipa/jog, a stench]. Br ^=80; quantivalence i. A reddish-brown liquid, which, at ordinary temperatures, gives off' a heavy, suffocating vapor. In its elementary form it is a very active escharotic, and internally a violent poison. It is used by inhalation and as an escharotic. Dose gtt. ij, largely diluted. The salts of bromin are cerebral and cardiac depressants, and highly valuable as hypnotics. The salts of the alkaline metals are those most commonly used. They are cerebral and spinal depressants, also alterative, anti- spasmodic, and hypnotic. Ammonii bromidum, NH^Br, prismatic crystals. Dose gr. v-xx. Auri bromidum. See Aurum. Calcii bromidum, Ca- Br^, granular and deliquescent. Dose gr. v-^j. Ethyl bromid, CjHjBr, useful in spasmodic coughs. Dose Tt\,x-gj. Ethylene bromid. See Ethylene. Ferri bromidi, Syr., contains ten per cent, of the salt. Dose gss-j. Lithii bromidum, LiBr, granular and deliquescent. Dose gr. v-xx. Nickel bro- midum. See Nickel. Potassii bromidum, KBr, colorless, cubical crystals. Dose gr. v-gj. Sodii bromidum, NaBr, colorless, monoclinic crystals. Dose gr. y-'^'y Zinci bromidum, ZnBrj, granular, deliquescent powder. Dose gr. ^— ij. Brominism, Bromism (bro' -min-izm, bro'-mizm) [ppo/ioc, a stench]. Certain peculiar phenomena produced by the excessive administration of the bromids. The most marked symptoms are headache, coldness of the extremities, feebleness of the heart's action, somnolence, apathy, anesthesia of the soft palate and pharynx, pallor of the skin, and a peculiar eruption of acne which is one of the earliest and most constant symptoms. There is also anorexia with loss . of sexual power and atrophy of the testes or mam- m£e. The patient may become almost imbecile. Bromo-Caffein (bro-mo-kaf -e-in) [bromin; caffein\. A proprietary effervescing preparation containing caf- fein. It is used for the relief of headaches. Bromochloralum (bro-mo-klo-ral' -um) [Ppa/wg, a stench ; chloral}. A proprietary antiseptic and disin- fecting compound, containing the bromid and chlorid of aluminum. Bromoform (bro' -mo-/orm) [_ISpS>/io(, a stench; forma, form], CHBr^. A bromid having a structure like that of chlorofonn, CHCI3 ; it is an active anesthetic. Its use is not followed by vomiting. It causes irrita- tion of the conjunctiva and respiratory organs. It is used in whooping-cough in doses of gtt. ij-v in a mix- ture of wine and water. Unof. Bromography (bro-mog' -ra-fe"). Same as Bromatog- raphy. Bromoiodism (bro-mo-i' -o-dizm) [Bromism ; iodisvi]. Poisoning by bromin. and iodin compounds together. Bromol (bro'-mol), CgHjBrjOH. Tribromophenol ; an antiseptic substance used in the form of a powder, solu- tion (i : 30 olive oil), or ointment (l : 10). Internally it is used in cholera infantum and typhoid fever. Dose gr. yV"^- Unof. Bronchadenitis (brongk-ad-en-i' -tis) \fip6yxui, the bronchial tubes; h&ijv, gland; (nf, inflammation]. Inflammation of the bronchial lymphatic glands. Bronchaphrosia (brongk-af-ro' -ze-ah) [jipdyxia, bron- chial tubes; a(pp6Q, foam]. Obstruction due to the presence of froth in the bronchioles. Bronchi (brong'-ki) \^p6yxpz, the windpipe]. The two tubes into which the trachea divides opposite the third dorsal vertebra, called respectively the right and the left bronchus. Bronchia (brong'-ke-ah) [fipdyxoQ, the windpipe]. The bronchial tubes, especially those that are smaller than the two bronchi. Bronchial (brong'-ke-al) [jipiyx^it the windpipe]. Relating to the bronchi or to their branches, or to the smaller air-passages in the lungs. B. Arteries, branches of the thoracic aorta, three or four in num-, ber. They are the nutrient vessels of the lungs. See Arteries, Table of. B. Catarrh, the simplest form of acute inflammation of the bronchi. It is the so-called ' ' cold on the chest. ' ' The feeling of oppression and constriction, with slight mucous discharge, is due to hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane of the larger bronchi. B. Fluke; See Distoma ringeri. B. Glands, the chain of glands running beside the bronchi. They frequently undergo pathologic enlarge- ment and give rise to a group of symptoms — cough, pain, spasmodic dyspnea, dysphagia, and change in the voice. The enlargement is usually tuberculous in nature. Bronchiectasis (brong-ke-ek' -tas-is) \j^p6yx<'ii ^^ windpipe ; iKxaai^, dilatation]. A term denoting the dilatation or relaxation of the walls of the bronchi, arising from inflammation and other causes. It is very rare as a primary condition, but is frequently associated with some chronic pulmonary disease. It occurs most frequently in pulmonary tuberculosis at the apex of the lung, but is also frequently seen in the bronchi at the base of the lung. It may involve a tube uniformly for some distance, producing the cylin- drical form ; or it may occur irregularly in sacs or pockets, the sacculated form. If the whole lung be involved in the change we have produced the so-called turtle lung. The characteristic symptom of bron- chiectasis is paroxysmal coughing, with the expectora- tion of large quantities of muco-purulent, often fetid, BRONCHICXELE 239 BRONCHUS matter. Cavernous breathing will be heard over the dilated tubes. Bronchiocele ibrong' -ke-o-sll) \bronchiolus , a little air passage; Kfikn, tumor]. A swelling or dilatation of a bronchiole. Bronchiole (brong' -ke-ol) [dim. of bronchus']. One of the smallest -subdivisions of the bronchi. Bronchiolitis (bron-ke-o-W -iis) \bronchiolus, a little bronchus ; ltl^, inflammation]. Inflammation of the bronchioles. B. exudativa, an inflammation of the bronchioles, with exudation. Curschmann's theory of the production of bronchial asthma. Bronchiostenosis ( brong-ke-o-ste-no' -sis ) [ j3p6yxog, the windpipe ; arevbg, narrow] . Contraction of a bronchus or of any one or more of the bronchial tubes. Bronchitic {brong-kif -ik) \_^piryxoi, the windpipe]. Relating to, of the nature of, or dfected with , bronchitis. Bronchitis (brong-ki'-Hs) [Pp&yxoq, the windpipe ; crig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous mem- brane that lines the bronchial tubes. It is usually attended with soreness, cough, alteration of the voice, and febrile symptoms. B., Acute, a severe form of simple bronchial catari4i. It is the initiatory ,stage of the other forms of the disease, and is usually the re- sult of a chill, though it may be associated with some other disease, as the exanthemata, and affections of the kidney and heart. Sibilant and sonorous rhonchi and bubbling rales may be heard on auscultation. B., Acute Capillary, a variety in which there is an involvement of the minute tubes of the lung. It is most frequently met with in children, usually secon- darily to other diseases of the lung or other organs. The symptoms are urgent — dyspnea, short, irritating cough, nervous depression, and excited action of the heart. Collapse of portions of the lung frequently occurs, and the patient may die of asphyxia and ex- treme exhaustion. B., Catarrhal, a form attended with profuse muco-purulent discharges. B., Chronic, a form occurring either as an independent disease or as the result of repeated attacks of the acute variety. It is generally associated with organic changes in the lungs and other organs, such as emphysema, bronchiec- tasis, pulmonary tuberculosis and pleurisy. Occurring in old people, it produces the well-known '* winter cough " of the aged. B., Croupous, Fibrinous, or Plastic, a rare variety attended with the expectora- tion of casts of the bronchial tubes, after a paroxysm of dyspnea and violent coughing. The casts are fibrinous in nature, hollow, yellowish-white, and. vary from one to seven inches in length. This form of bronchitis is usually seen in males, and be- tween the ages of ten and thirty. B., Mechanical, or Potter's, a form caused by the inhalation of dust, etc. B., Potter's. See B., Mechanical. B., Putrid, or Fetid, a variety of chronic bronchitis characterized by the discharge of a copious, half-liquid, extremely offensive sputum. The peculiar odor is thought to be due to a microorganism, especially to a short, slightly- curved bacillus described by Lumnitzer. B., Sum- mer. Synonymous with Hay Fever, q. v. Bronchlemmitis [brong-klem-i' -its) IJipbyxog, the wind- pipe; Xifi/ia,a. skinl. Croupous bronchitis. Bronchoaegophony {brong-ko-e-goff'-o-ne^. See Bron- choegophony. Bronchocele (brong'-ko-SSl, or -se'-le) \_Pp6yxo(, the windpipe ; k^Xt/, a tumor]. See Goiter. Bronchocephalitis (brong-ko-sef-al-i'-tis). Synonym of Whooping-cough. Bronchoegophony {brong-ko-e-goff'-o-ne) \_j3p6yxoQ, the windpipe ; aZf , a goat ; ^uv^, a voice, sound] . Bronchophony combined with egophony. Broncholemmitis (brong-ko-lem-i' -tis). See Bronch- lemmitis. Broncholith [brong'-ko-lith) \fip6yxoi, the windpipe ; XlOog, a stone]. A calculus or concretion formed in a bronchial tube. Bronchomycosis {brong-ko-mi-ko' -sis) [^p&yxoQ, the windpipe; |Um)7f, a fungus]. The growth or presence of fungi in a bronchial tube. Bronchopathy (brong-kop' -a-the) \_p\6yxog, the wind- pipe ; Trdflof, disease]. Any disease of the air- passages. Bronchophonic (brong-ko-fon' -ik) [^piyxoc, the wind- pipe ; ipav^, a voice]. Relating to bronchophony. Bronchophony (brong-koff' -o-ne) \fipbyxoi, the wind- pipe ; ^avi], the voice]. The resonance of the voice within the bronchi as heard through the stethoscope. It is normally present over the lower cervical spines, in the upper inter-scapular region, and over the sternal portion of the infra-clavicular regions. B., Whis- pered, bronchophony elicited by causing the patient to whisper. Bronchophthisis ( brong-ko-thi' -sis ) \fip6yxoi, the windpipe ; fdlci;, a wasting]. Pulmonary tubercu- losis characterized by extensive lesions of the bron- chial tubes. Bronchophyma [brong-ko-fi' -mah) \flpiyxoi, the air- passage ; ^^jm, a growth]. Any growth, as a tuber- cle, in a bronchial tube. Bronchoplasty (brong' -ko-plas-te) [^Ppbyxoc, the tra- chea ; n7\Acraeiv, to form]. The surgical closure of a tracheal fissure or fistula. Broncho-pneumonia (brong-ko-nu-mo' -ne-ah) \j^piy- Xog, the windpipe ; nvevfLuv, the lung] . Lobular pneumonia, a term applied to inflammation of the lungs, which, beginning in the bronchi, finally in- volves the parenchyma of the lungs. This disease is most frequently encountered in children, but may occur in old age. Three varieties are described : I. A simple, acute form, following a severe bronchial catarrh. 2. A secondary form, occurring after whoop- ing-cough or some general febrile infective disease. 3. A rare suppurative form, with the formation of abscesses throughout the lung. The patient suffering with broncho-pneumonia presents the following symp- toms: dyspnea, cough, fever, often high, restlessness, and occasionally marked cerebral symptoms. If con- valescence be not properly guarded relapses are likely to occur. The physical signs vary greatly, and are often not marked. The course of the disease is generally chronic, and the prognosis must be guarded. Bronchorrhagia {brong-kor-a' -je-ah) [^0pdyxoc, the bronchus ; f>r/yvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the air-passages. Bronchorrhea {brong-kor-e' -aK) [^ppbyxog, the bron- chus; phiv, to flow]. A form of bronchitis attended with profuse expectoration. Bronchostenosis (brong-ko-ste-no'-sis) [jip6yxo(, the windpipe ; crtvbQ, narrow]. Contraction of a bronchus. Bronchotome (brong' -ko-tom) \Pp6yxo^, the windpipe ; TE/iveiv, to cut]. An instrument for cutting the larynx or trachea in the operation of bronchotomy. Bronchotomy [brong-kof -0- me) \fipoyxo^, bronchus ; rt/ivuv, to cut]. A surgical cutting-operation upon the bronchus, larynx, or trachea. Broncho-tracheal (brong-ko-tra' -ke-al) \fip6yxoi> the bronchus; rpaxe'ia, the windpipe]. Relating to a bronchus (or to both bronchi) and to the trachea. Broncho-vesicular [bron-ko-ves-ik'-u-lar) [fipbyxog, the bronchus; vesicula, a vesicle]. Both bronchial and vesicular. See Breath- Sounds, Table of. Bronchus {brong' -kus): See Bronchi. BRONSON'S METHOD 240 BRUIT Bronson's Method. See Treatment, Methods of . Bronze (broni) \bronzium, bronze]. An alloy of cop- per and tin. B. John, a popular term for Yellow Fever, q. v. B. Liver, a dark reddish-brown or olive-black color of the liver, seen in post-mortem ex- aminations of certain cases of chronic malarial poisoning. Bronzed [bronzd^ \bronzhwi, bronze]. Tanned; of a bronzed color. B. Skin, a symptom of Addison's Disease. B.-skin Disease. See Addison's Disease. Brood (bi-ood) {]&£., brood']. In biology, oifspring ; progeny. B. -cells, in cell-division, the mother- cells inclosing the daughter-cells. B.-food, a highly nitrogenous tissue-forming pap, derived by bees from pollen by digestion. Brooke's Ointment. An ointment for treating lupus. It is composed of oxid of zinc and powdered starch each ]4- ounce ; white vaseline j^ ounce ; hyd. oleatis (five per cent.) one ounce ; salicylic acid 20 grains ; ichthyol 20 minims ; oil of lavender q. ». ; enough red Armenian bole and raw umber may be added to match the color of the skin. Broom {prooni). See Scoparius. Brosimum (pro' -sim-um) [fipoaig, food]. A genus of moraceous trees of S. America. B. galactoden- dron, the Venezuelan cow-tree ; its milky sap is nutritious, and yields both a cheesy food and a wax (galactm) serviceable for candles. Broth (broth). See Bouillon. Brother Ulcer (bruth'-er ul'-ser). See Donda Ndugu. Brousnika (broos'-ne-kah) [Rus.]. The berries of red whortleberry, red bilberry ( Vaccinium vitis idced), used in the form of a decoction in Russia for the relief of rheumatic affections. Unof. Broussaisism (brUs-a' -izni) [Broussais, a French phy- sician]. The physiologic, pathologic, and therapeutic doctrines taught by J. V. Broussais. Broussaism (briis-a'-i^m). See Broussaisism. Browf (brow) [ME., browe]. The forehead; the upper anterior portion of the head. B.-Ague, neuralgia of the first division of the fifth cranial nerve, com- monly met with in malarious districts, though at times occurring independently of such surroundings, and then dependent upon some diathesis, especially the gouty. B. Presentation, presentation of the fetal brow in labor. See Fetus, Position of. Brown (brown) [ME., brown\ A dark reddish-yel- low color. B. Atrophy, an atrophy of a tissue asso- ciated with a deposit therein of a brown or yellow pigment. B.Coal. See Coal a.ndl.ig'nite. B. Crown, in dentistry, an artificial, all-porcelain crown, which is attached to a natural root by means of an iridio- platinum pin baked in position. The pin has the greatest strength at the neck of the tooth, where the strain is heaviest, and this strength is further in- creased by extending the porcelain upon the pin. B . Edema. See Edema. B. Induration of Lung, a state of the lung due to long- continued congestion, usually arising from marked incompetency or from constriction of the mitral valve. The lungs are en- larged and do not collapse on opening the thorax, and have a peculiar tint of yellow shading into a brown or reddish-brown ; a brownish fluid exudes on pres- sure. The color is due to pigment-granules in the epithelial cells of the air-vesicles. B. Madder. See Pigments, Conspectus of. B. Mixture. See Mistura ferri composita and Glycyrrhiza. B. Ointment, the unguentum fuscum, N. F. ; called also unguentum matris, or "mother's salve." It is composed of " brown plaster," two parts ; oil, one part ; suet, one part. B. Pink. See Pigments, Conspectus of. B. Plaster, the emplastrum fuscum camphoralum, N. F. ; called also emplastrum matris camphoralum, or " camphorated mother's plaster ; " official in German pharmacy. It is made of red oxid of lead, thirty parts ; oil of olives, sixty parts ; yellow wax, fifteen parts ; camphor, one part. B. Study. See Ceno- spudia. B. Wort, the plant Brunella vulgaris, pop- ularly reckoned a good vulnerary, as well as a cure for sore-throat. Unof. Brown's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Browne's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Brownian Movement. An oscillation or agitation ob- served under the microscope in very fine granules, drops, etc., when suspended in a liquid. The move- ment is not locomotion, and is to be distinguished from that of the self-motility of living microorganisms. Its cause is not definitely known, but it may be due to heat, light, electricity, osmosis, etc. See Pedesis. Brownism (brown' -izm) . See Brunonian Theory. Brown-Sequard's Combination of Symptoms. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. B. Disease. See Diseases, Table of. B. Method of Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of. B. Paralysis. See Dis- eases, Table of. Bruch, Clusters of. See Gland, Aggregated, of Bruch. B., Glands of. See Gland. Brucin (bru'-sin) \_Brucea, a genus of shrubs] , CjjH^j- N2O4. A poisonous alkaloid found in Strychnos nux vomica and in Strychnos Ignatius. It crystallizes in prisms containing 4HjO, and melts at 178°. Its taste is exceedingly bitter and acrid. Its action on the animal economy is similar to but much less power- ful than that of strychnin. See Nux Vomica. Briicke's Berlin Blue Mass. A warm-flowing mass for injecting tissues. It is made as follows : potassium ferrocyanid, 217 gm. ; water, 1000 c.c; ferrous chlorid I part ; water 10 parts. Take equal volumes of these solutions and add to each twice its volume of a cold saturated solution of sodium sulphate. Add the iron solution to the ferrocyanid solution, with constant stirring. Filter and wash the precipitate with the filtrate until it runs through clear, then wash with water until the filtrate runs off blue. Dry the precip- itate. To a concentrated solution of this blue add enough gelatin to make a firm jelly when cold. Heat to 60° C. and filter through flannel. B.'s Fluid, potassio-mercuric iodid, employed in the precipitation of proteids. B.'s Method, a method of removing all the proteids from a substance. Acidulate the liquid with HCl, and then add to it a solution of potassio- mercuric iodid, made by saturating with mercuric iodid a boiling solution of potassium iodid. B.'s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. B.'s Reagent. See Tests, Table of. B.'s Red Mass, a material foi injecting the body. A concentrated solution of potas- sium ferrocyanid is injected into the artery until it runs clear from the vein. Then as much as possible is allowed to drain away. Next a concentrated solu- tion of cupric sulphate free from iron is injected. By this method the red cupric ferrocyanid is precipitated in the vessels. B. 's Test. Same as B. 's Reagent. Bruise (brooz). See Contusion. Bruit (bru-e') [Fr., a noise or report]. A term used by French physicians to designate the various specific sounds of auscultation. B. d'airaln, Trousseau's term for the ringing note heard through the stethoscope applied to the chest wall when a coin is struck against another pressed against the surface of the chest on the opposite side. It is pathognomonic of a collection of gas in the pleural cavity. B. de clapotement, a .splashing sound often heard in cases of well-marked dilatation of the stomach when pressure is made upon the abdominal walls. It is best elicited when the BRUNET 241 BUCCAL patient is in the recumbent position, with relaxed abdominal walls, by palpating near the left border of the ribs. The same sound can be produced by shak- ing the patient (bruit de glou-glou). B. de braque- ment, a crackling sound. B. de cuir neuf, the new- leather murmur of the French ; the creaking quality occasionally heard in pericardial friction-sounds. B. de diable, a venous murmur, of a whistling or rush- ing character, arising in the bulb of the common jugu- lar vein, and due to such diseases as anemia, lead- poisoning, etc. ; it is more common in the young, and is caused immediately by the vibration of the blood flow- ing from the narrow part of the common jugular vein into the wide, bulbous portion of the vessel. See also Murmur. B. de galop, a cantering rhythm of the heart frequently heard in mitral stenosis, in which three distinct heart-sounds are audible. It is due to a reduplication of the second sound. See also Gallop Rhythm. B. de glou-glou. See B. de clapote- ment. B. de litne. See B. de scie. B. de mou- lin, water wheel sound ; a peculiar friction-sound mixed with splashing and gurgling, heard in pneumo- hydropericardium. B. d'oboe, a musical heart-mur- mur. B. de pot f&le, the cracked-pot sound. B. de parchemin, a rattling, as of parchment. B. de rdpe. See Bruit de scie. B. de rappel, a sound resembling the double beat upon a drum. This doubling of the heart-sounds may be noted in different stages of chronic interstitial nephritis, when it is the first sound that is duplicated ; and in mitral stenosis, when the second sound is doubled. B. de scie, a murmur sounding like that made by a saw or file. Also called B. de rape and B. de lime. B. skodique, an amphoric note heard in the pleural cavity, especially near the apex anteriorly, when there is a fluid accumula- tion not filling the whole of the plural sac. Also called Skoda' s tympany. B. de soufflet, a bellows- murmur. B. de soupape, a flapping sound. B. de de va et vient, a to-and-fro friction-sound. Briin's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Brunet, or Brunette (bru-nef) [Fr.]. I. Of a dark complexion. 2. One with a dark complexion. Briining's Red. Same as Rosanilin. Brunissure [brun-is-ur') [Fr. , brunisseur, that which browns] . A disease of the grape, attacking the leaves only, caused by Plasmodia pora vitis. ( Viala and Sau- vageau). Also called Braune. Brunner's Glands. See Glands. Brunonian Movement. See Brownian Movement. B. Theory, brownism; a doctrine taught by Dr. J. Brown (1735-88) that both physiologic and pathologic phenomena are due to variations in a natural stimulus, its excess causing sthenic and its deficiency producing asthenic diseases. Brunswick [brum'-wik) [Ger.]. A town in Germany. B. Black. ?,a.mtas. Japan Black. B.Green. See Conspectus^ of Pigments, under Pigment. Brush [brush) [M.'E., brusshe^ An instrument con- sisting of a collection of some flexible material fas- tened to a handle. In surgery, various forms of brush are employed; as the acid brush, of glass threads ; the electric brush, a form of electrode ; the laryngeal brush ; the nasal, pharyngeal, and stomach brush. See also Pencil. 2. A thicket of small trees. B.-burn, the injury produced by violent friction, and the resulting heat ; it often resembles a burn or scald. B.-cells. See Cell. Bryant, Ampulla of. See Ampulla. Bryant's Line. See Lines, Table of B.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of B.'s Operations. See Operations, Table of. B.'s Triangle. See Triangles, Table of. 16 Bryce's Test. A test to determine if systemic infection has taken place after vaccination. It consists in repeat- ing the inoculation during the evolution of the vaccine disease. If systemic infection has occurred, the sec- ond inoculation will mat\ire rapidly, so as to overtake the first. Brygmus [brig'-mus) [ppvyfidg, biting]. Same as Odon- toprisis. Bryology (bri-ol' -o-je') \Pp^ov, a moss ; Aeyciv, to speak]. The science of mosses. Bryonia {bri-o' -ne-ah) \_ppvuv'ia, bryony]. Bryony. The root of B. alba and B. dioica; indigenous to Europe, with properties due to an intensely bitter glu- cosid, Bryonin, CjjHgjOjg, a strong irritant when applied to the skin or mucous membrane, often pro- ducing vesication. It is a remedy of great value in pleurisy, pleuro-pneumonia, and rheumatic fever, and an excellent agent in colds. Dose of the powdered root gr. x-xxx. B., Infusum (unof.), has a strength of gj to the Oj of water. Dose .^ss-ij. B., Tinct., a 10 per cent, solution of the root in alcohol. Dose "i V- § ss. Bryonin (bri-o' -niri) [ISpvuvla, bryony] . A precipitate from the tincture of Bryonia alba , useful as a hydra- gogue, and in rheumatism and bronchial affections. Dose gr. \]-%. Unof. See Bryonia. Do^e as a drastic purgative, gr. Ye—^/i. Bryony [bri'-o-ne). See Bryonia. B. Black. See Tamus. Bryoplastic {bri-o-plas' -tik) [Bpvov, moss ; ■kUocelv, to form]. A descriptive term loosely applied to such abnormal growths of tissue as resemble vegetable forms. Bryoretin [bri-o-re' -tin) \_lipvavia, bryony; 'prjTivTj, resin]. A resin-like substance obtainable from the glucosid bryonin. Bubaline {bu'-bal-in) [bubalinus, pertaining to the bubalus, buff'alo]. In biology, resembling or pertain- ing to the buffalo. Bubby (bub'-e) [E. dial.]. I. A vulgar name for the mamma. 2. A local name for Calycanthus floridus. Bubo ibu'-bo) \fiov^Lv, the groin]. Inflammation and swelling of a lymphatic gland, properly and generally of the groin, and usually following chancroid, gon- orrhea or syphilitic infection. B., Parotid. See Parotitis. B., Primary, a slight adenitis of the groin due to mechanical irritation, or other cause ; formerly supposed to be due to syphilis without a chancre having preceded. B., Sympathetic, one caused by irritation, friction, injury, etc., and not arising from an infectious disease. Bubonadenitis (bu-bon-ad-en-i' -tis) [^^ovfUw, the groin ; dd^v, a gland ; (nf, inflammation]. Inflammation of an inguinal gland. Bubonalgia {bu-bon-al' -je-aK) \_PovB6v, the groin ; aAyof, pain]. Pain in the inguinal region. Bubonic {bu-bon'-ik) \_flov(i6v, the groin]. Relating to a bubo. B. Plague. Synonym of the Plague, q.v. Bubonocele {bu-bon' -o-sil) [fiov^iiv, the groin; /c^A??, tumor]. Inguinal hernia when the gut does not ex- tend beyond the inguinal canal. Bubononcus {bu-bon-ong' -kus) [pov^&v, the groin ; oyraf, a tumor]. A swelling in the groin. Bubonopanus \bu-bon-o-pa' -nus) Ipov/Jav, the groin ; Travof, torch]. An inguinal bubo. Bubonulus (bu-bon' -11-lus) [L. , d'm. of i5«fo]. Lym- phangitis of the dorsum of the penis, often with abscesses ; due to chancroidal virus. Bucca (i^a/J'-rt/^) [L.]. I. The mouth ; the hollow of the cheek, or its inner surface. 2. The vulva. Buccal (buk'-al) \bucca, the cheek]. Pertaining to the cheek. B. Coitus. See h-rumation and Name- BUCCINAL 242 BULBAR less Clime. B. Glands. See Gland. B. Teeth, the teeth behind the canines are so called because they are situate4 on the inside of the cheeks. In the human subject they are the bicuspids and molars. Buccinal (buk' -sin-aV) \JivKavTi, a trumpet]. In biology, trumpet-shaped. Buccinator [buk' -sin-a-tor) \_^vKavri^ a trumpet]. The thin, flat muscle of the cheek, ^et Muscles, Table of. Bucco (buk'-o). Same as Buchu. Bucco-labial {buk-o-la'-be-al) \bucca, the mouth; labium, a lip]. Pertaining to the mouth and lip. B. Muscle, the buccinator. See Muscles, Table of. Bucco-pharyngeal {buk-o-far-in'-Je-al) \bucca, the , mouth ; QapvK^, the pharynx] . Relating to the mouth and to the pharynx. Buccula (buk' -u-lah) [L. ,dim. of bucca, the cheek]. The fleshy fold seen beneath the chin, and forming what is called a double chin. Buchanan's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Buchu (bu'-kii) [native African]. The leaves of several species of ^nrMma, yielding a volatile oil, to which its properties are probably due, and a bitter extractive, Barosmin. Dose gr. j-v. It causes a sensa- tion of glowing warmth over the body, stimulates the appetite, and increases the circulation. It is useful in urethritis and affections of the genito-urinary mucous membrane. Dose of the leaves, gr. xv-xxx. B., Ext., Fid. Dose TT\,x-,^j. B., Infusum (Unof.k 5j to Oj. Dose .^ss-ij. B., Infusum (B. P.). iJose gj-iv. B., Tinctura, (B. P.) Dose gj-ij. Buck's Apparatus. An apparatus consisting of a weight and pulley for applying extension to a limb. B. Fascia, the superficial perineal fascia. B. Method. See Trealment, Methods of. B. Opera- tions. See Operations, Table of. Buckbean [buk'-bln) Bog-bean. The rhizome of Menyanthes trifoliata, tonic, antiscorbutic, and em- menagogue. It has been recommended as a vermi- fuge, and has been used in functional amenorrhea. Dose of fld. ext. Tt\^v-xxx. Unof. Bucket Fever (bull' -el fe'-ver). See Fever. Buckeye Bark (buk'-i bark). The bark of yEsculus glabra, astringent and tonic, and serviceable in rectal irritation, prolapsus, and various uterine derange- ments. Dose of fid. ext. gtt. iij-v. Unof. Buckhorn (buk' -horn) . The horn of a buck. When powdered or calcined, it is used by dentists for polish- ing enamel, and fillings, and for removing light de- posits of tartar. B. Fern, a fern, called also royal fern, Osmunda regalis ; it is vaunted as a cure for rickets. Unof. Buckle-shell (buk' -l-shel) [New Eng. dialect]. A recently moulted lobster ; also called paper-shell lobster, June lobster, or sand-lobster. Bucko (buk'-o). Same as Buchu. Buckthorn (buk' -thorn) . See Frangula. B., Cali- fornia. See Cascara Sagrada. Bucku [buk'-u). Same as Buchu. Buckurheat (buk'-hwlt). The seed or grain of Fago- pyrum esculentuTn, and of other species of the same genus. It is used to some extent as a substitute for the true cereals. In theory, it takes a high rank as a food ; but its free use tends to constipation, indigestion and headache, and especially to p peculiar roughness and itching of the skin . The flowers of the plant af- ford rich bee-pasturage, but the honey is inferior. Bucnemia (buk-ne' -me-ah) \pm, increase ; itvi/firj, the leg]. Iniiammation of the leg characterized by tense- ness and swelling ; elephantiasis ; also phlegmasia dolens. B. Tropica. See Elephantiasis arabum. 'B\x& [bud) \yi.'E,,,.budde,a.hvL&'\. In biology, the unde- veloped germ-state of a leaf or flower. Budd's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Budding (bud'-ing) [ME. , buddenj. In biology, a form of reproduction or cell-division, occurring among the polyps and infusorias, in which a bud is given off by the parent and comes to resemble the latter. The bud may remain permanently attached or may form a colony, each member acquiring a diffi5rentiation of function, even to the formation of male and female ele- ments. The process is also called Gemmation, q. v. Budge's Center. See Center. Buffalo Rubin (buf'-al-o i-u'-bin). See Pigments, Con- spectus of. Buffers' Consumption (buf'-erz con-sump' -shuri). The phthisis occurring among metal-polishers. Buffy Coat (buf'-e-kot). A grayish or buff-colored crust or layer sometimes seen upon a blood-clot, after phlebotomy, and once looked upon as a sign of inflam- mation. It is caused by the partial subsidence of the red blood-corpuscles. Bufidin- (bu'-fid-in) \bufo, the toad]. Phrynin; an alkaloid from the venom of the toad ; it is poisonous, and said to resemble digitalin in its effects. Bufoniform (bu-fon' -if-orm) [bufo, a toad ; forma, shape]. In biology, toad- like. Bugbane (bug'-ban). See Cimicifuga. Buggery (bug'-er-e) [OF., bougre, an heretic]. Sodomy; bestiality. Bugleweed (bu'-gl-wld). The herb, Lycopus virgini- cus, narcotic and astringent. Dose of fld. ext. 5[ss- ij. Lycopin, concentrated extract. Dose gr, j-iv. Unof. Buhach (bu'-hatch) [Serbo-croatian for flea-bane ; buha, a flea] . The plant Pyrethrum cineraricefolium. See Insect Powder. Buhl's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Bulam, or Bulama Boil (bu'-lam or bu-lam'-ah boil). A boil occurring on the African island of Bulam; probably caused by a burrowing-worm or insect- larva. B. Fever, a West-Africa coast fever, said to be identical with yellow fever. Bulata (bul'-at-ah). See Balata. Bulb (bulb) {_poXp6c, a bulb]. I. The expansion or dilatation of a canal or vessel. 2. Applied to the oblongata and pons. 3. A short underground stem covered with fleshy leaf-bases or fleshy leaves, as the onion and squill. B. of Aorta, the dilatation of the aorta near its beginning. B. of Corpus Cavern- osum, the muscle beneath the bulb of the urethra. B. of an Eye, the eyeball. B. of Fornix. See Corpora. B. of a Hair, the swelling at the root of a hair. B., Olfactory, the expanded end of the narrow olfactory lobe, commonly called olfactory nerve or first cranial nerve. B. of a Tooth, the papilla that forms the germ of a tooth. B. of Urethra, the posterior expanded part of the corpus spongiosum penis. B. of the Vagina, a small body of erectile tissue on each side of the vesti- bule of the vagina, homologous to the bulb of the urethra of the male. B. of Vena Jugularis, the dilatation at the beginning of the external jugular vein. Bulbar [bul'-bar) [/3oA/3(if, a bulb]. Bulbous. Pertain- ing to the medulla. B. Disease, or Paralysis, a term applied to the progressive and symmetrical paral- ysis of the facial muscles about the mouth, including those of the tongue, pharynx, and sometimes those of the larynx. This paralysis is due to a disease of the motor nuclei in the medulla oblongata ; an acute and a chronic form are met with. The acute form is due to hemorrhage or softening ; the chronic to degenera- tion. The chronic form is insidious in its approach, the tongue often being the first organ involved; the BULBI VESTIBULI 243 BURNER course is slow but progressive, and death usually results in from one to four years. Bulbar paralysis usually occurs after forty years of age. Syphilis is not a predisposing cause. The disease is also called Labio-glosso-laryngeal Paralysis. There is also a pseudo-bulbar paralysis, due to symmetrical lesions of the motor cerebral cortex. Bulbi vestibuli (bul'-bi ves-tib' -u-li') [L.]. A name sometimes given to the glands of Bartholin. Bulbil, or Bulblet [bul'-bil, bulb'-let) [^ol^og, a bulb]. Small bulbs of fleshy buds frequently occurring on above-ground parts of plants, as the bulblets of some onions and of the tiger-lily. Bulbillae (bul-bil'-e) [bulbillus, dim. oibulbus, a bulb]. In biology, gemrase of hydroid zoophytes that become detached at an early stage, and are then capable of independent development. Bulbo-cavernosus {bul-bo-kav-em-o'-sus) [/3o/l/3(if, a bulb ; cavema, a c,^vern] . A perineal muscle in the male subject, corresponding to the sphincter vaginae of the female. See Muscles, Table of. Bulbo-urethral [bul-bo-u-rlth' -ral) [/3o/l,/3iif, a bulb ; (Apfidpa, the urethra]. Relating to the bulb of the urethra. Bulbus [bul'-bus) [L.]. A bulb. B. arteriosus; in a certain stage in the development of the heart, the upper aortic enlargement is so called. B. cornu pos- teriorus. ^e.& Occipital Eminence. B. rhachidicus, the oblongata. Bulesis [bu-le'-sis) \_lioiihiaig, the will]. The will, or an act of the will. Bulimia [bu-lim' -e-ah) [/3o5, increase ; ^«/i(Sf, hunger]. Excessive, morbid hunger; it sometimes occurs in idiots and insane persons, and it is also a symptom of diabetes mellitus. Bulimic [bu-lim' -i^ [/3oi, increase; ^i/iiif, hunger]. Pertaining to or affected with bulimia. Bulithos {bu' -lith-os) \ficm(,, ox; IdQoq, stone]. A bezoar from the ox or the cow. Bulla {bul'-ah) [bulla, a bubble : pi. , Bulled']. A bleb or "blister," consisting of a portion of the epidermis detached from the skin by the infiltration of watery fluid. The bulla differs from the vesicle mainly in size. B. ethmoidalis, a. rounded projection into the middle meatus of the nose, due to an enlarged ethmoid cell. B., Hemorrhagic. See Purpura. B. ossea, the inflated or dilated part of the bony external meatus of the ear. BuUate {bul'-at) \bulla, a bubble]. Inflated; forni- cated and with thin walls ; blistered ; marked by buUte. Bullet Extractor [bill' -et eks-trak' -tor) . See Forceps. Bullous (i5i!?/'-«j) [^«//a, a blister]. Marked by bull* ; of the nature of a bulla. Bully's Toilet Vinegar. A cosmetic consisting of tincture of benzoin, l.o ; acetic acid, 4.0 ; Cologne water, loo.o. Bully Tree [bul'-e-tre) . See Balaia. Bulopeithia (bu-lo-pi' -the-aK) \fiovkii, will ; neiBeiv, to persuade]. An exaggerated hopefulness or morbid expectation of that which is desired. Bumastos [bu-mas' -tos) [^ovg, large (ox) ; fiaardg, breast]. A very large or hypertrophied mamma. Bumble Foot (bum'-bl foot). A disease of poultry, appearing as a wart-like substance growing in the ball of the foot. It is caused by high perches or by con- stant walking on cement or stone. Bump (bump) [origin uncertain]. Anyone of those eminences tk the external surface of the skull that are conceived by phrenologists to mark the localities of the various " organs " of the brain. Bumstead's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Bundle (bun'-dl) [ME., bundel'\. In biology, a fasci- cular grouping of elementary tissues, as nerve-fibers or muscle-fibers. B. of Vicq d'Azyr, a thick bundle of nerve-fibers arising in the more caudad of the two median nuclei of the corpus candicans of the brain, and extending to the anterior tubercle of the thalamus. It was formerly called the fornix descendens. B.- sheath, " In many plants a ring of cells, often with strongly-thickened and lignified walls, developed only on the outside of the bast, or around the entire bundle, or around the whole mass of fibro-vascular bundles." (Thoma.) Bunion [bun'-yun) [origin uncertain]. A swelling of a bursa of the foot, especially of the great toe. Bunodont (bu'-no-dont) \_jiom6(, a hill, mound ; b66vQ, tooth]. Pertaining to tuberculate molar teeth. Bunsen Burner. See Burner. B. Cell. See Cell. Bunt (bunt). See Smut. Buphthalmia (biifthal' -me-aK) , or Buphthalmos (buf-thaV -mos) [/SoiJf, ox ; ofBaT^-fiSg, eye]. See Keratoglobus. Bupleurum (bu-plu'-rum) [L.]. A genus of umbelli- ferous herbs. Several old-world species were formerly employedin medicine, especially B. rotundifolium, of which the leaves and fruit are considered vulnerary and discutient. Unof. Bur, or Burr [ME., burre, a bur], i. In botany, a rough, prickly shell or case. 2. The lobe of the ear. 3. In dentistry, an instrument for polishing the teeth. B. Drills, dental instruments of spherical, cone-shape, cylindrical, and wheel-forms, for opening and form- ing cavities. Flexible burs and drills having spring- tempered stems are used for opening and preparing nerve canals. B. Thimble, in dentistry, an open ring for the middle or index finger, with a socket attached, in which rests the end of the handle of the drill used in excavating a cavity in a tooth, preparatory to filling it. Burckhardt's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Burcquism (boork'-izm). See Metallotherapy. Burdach, Column of. See Funiculus cuneatus and Column. B., Cords of, the cords formed in the dorsal zone of the human spinal cord by the meeting of the oval bundles of His below the cords of GoU. B.'s Fissures. See Fissures, Table of. Burdock (ber'-dok). See Lappa. Burdwran Fever [berd'-wan fe'-ver) . See Fever. Buret, or Burette (bu-ref) [Fr.]. A graduated tube designed for measuring small quantities of a reagent. It is usually held vertically in a stand and provided with a stopcock. Burggrave's Apparatus. Same as Seutin's Appara- tus, with the addition of a layer of wool around the limb. Burgundy Pitch. See Fix. Burking \^Burke, a noted criminal] . Suffocation pro- duced by a combination of pressure on the chest with closure of the mouth and nostrils. This was the method employed by Burke. Burmah Boil. A form of endemic ulcer common in Burmah. Burmese (^ar-OTfe') [native]. YecX2caiva.% to Burmah, a province of Farther India. B. Lacquer. See Lacquer. B. Ringworm, Fox's name for a severe and troublesome form of Tinea circinata. Burn \M^. , bernen, tohnrn]. i. To become inflamed. 2. To be charred or scorched. 3. To have the sensa- tion of heat. 4. An injury caused by fire or dry heat. 5. A disease in vegetables. 6. In chemistry, to oxygenize. 7. In surgery, to cauterize. Burner [ME., bernen, to burn]. A common name for a lamp or heating apparatus used in laboratories BURNETT'S DISINFECTING FLUID 244 BUTTER for chemic and pharmaceutic purposes. B. , Argand, uses gas or oil, and contains an inner tube for sup- plying the flame with air. B., Bunsen, a form in which the gas is mixed with a sufficient quantity of air to produce complete oxidation before ignition. Burnett's (Sir W.) Disinfecting Fluid. A strong so- lution of zinc chlorid (gr. xxv to J j of water) with a little iron chlorid. This is added to one quart of water for use. It is serviceable as an antiseptic and deodor- izer, and as a preserver of dead bodies. Burning [bem'-ing) [ME. , bernen to burn] . Consum- ing with heat or fire. B. of the Feet, a neurotic af- fection of the soles of the feet, common in India. B. Oil, kerosene. The different burning oils are graded according to the two standards of color and fire-test. The colors range from pale-yellow (stand- ard white) to straw (prime white) and colorless (water white). The fire-tests to which the commercial oils are mostly brought are lio° F., 120° F., and 150° F. ; that of 110° going mainly to the continent of Europe and to China and Japan, and that of 120° to England. An oil of 150° F. fire-test, and water- white in color, is known in the trade as " headlight oil.'''' An oil of 300° F., fire-test, and specific grav- ity .829 is known as " mineral sperm ^''^ or ^^ mineral colza oil.'" " Pyronaphtha" is a product of Rus- sian petroleum, somewhat similar to mineral sperm oil. It has a specific gravity of . 865 , and a fire-test of 265" F. B. Point, in testing petroleum oils, the temperature at which a spark or lighted jet will ignite the liquid itself, which then continues to bum. This point is usually 5° to 20° C. higher than the flash- point, but there is no fixed relation between the two. Burnisher [ME., burnischen, to polish]. An instru- ment used in polishing different kinds of metals, and in the laboratory of the dentist, for finishing pieces of dental mechanism. Burns, Ligament of. The falciform process of the fascia lata. Burns's Amaurosis. See Amblyopia, Post- Marital ; also Amaurosis. Burnt [ME., fe?-»^», to burn]. Scorched; injured by dry heat. Consumed by fire. B. Alum. See Alu- men exsiccatum. B. Sponge. See Spongia usta. B. Ocher. Same as Ocher. Burow's (von) Operations. See Operations, Table of. B. Veins, small veins joining the portal and general circulations. '&\iTr& Q.oo^e.zoo (bur' -ah gook' -er-00) [E. Ind.]. The spring carpels of Tribulus lanuginosus, a plant of the guaiacum order growing extensively throughout the East, and largely used as a diuretic and aphrodisiac. It has been employed for the relief of nocturnal emissions and impotence. Dose of the fluid extract tr\^xx-l ; of the infusion 3J-ij; of the syrup (for children) gss-j. Burras Pipe (bur' -as pip) [te?-ra, coarse-hair; ME., pipe"]. A port-caustic. Burring {bur'-ing) [ME., borre, a harshness in the throat] . Rhotacism ; in stammering, the mispronun- ciation of the letter r. B. Engine, a dental appliance for the use of burs, etc., in forming cavities, etc. See Dental Engine. Burrow ibur'-o) [ME., borow, a hole]. I. To make a hole or furrow, as in the skin ; said of the itch insect. 2. To force a way through, as pus through the tissues. Burrowing [bur' -o-ing) [ME., boroiv, a hole]. The term given to the passage of pus tlirough the tissues, after the formation of an abscess that has not burst or been evacuated by surgical methods. Bursa [bur'-sah) [bursa, a purse: //. , Pursre"]. A small sac interposed between parts that move upon one another. B. anserina, a pouch situated between the long internal lateral ligament and the lower inter- nal hamstring tendons. B. colera, the gall-bladder. B. cordis, the pericardium. B. fabricii, "A glan- dular organ existing in both sexes and all species of birds ; most developed in young birds, more or less atrophied in adults ; it opens on the dorsal wall of the cloaca, into the lowest chamber of that organ." (Forbes.) B. mucosae, a bursa situated in sub- cutaneous areolar tissue. B., Plantar, a bursa situ- ated over the instep, either above or below a tendon. B., Popliteal, a bursa situated in the popliteal space between the tendon of the semimembranosus and the tendon of the inner head of the gastrocnemius, where they rub against each other. B., Prepatellar, a bursa situated over the patella and over the upper part of the patellar ligament. B., Synovial, found be- tween tendons and bony surfaces. B. vaginalis, the synovial sheath. Bursal (bur'-sal) [bursa, a purse]. Pertaining to a bursa, sac, or follicle. Bursalogy [bur-sal' -o-je) [bursa, a purse ; Adyof, sci- ence] . The science or study of the bursse ; the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the bursse. Bursera [bur' -ser-ah) [Purser, a German botanist]. A genus of tropical trees, several species of which afford resinous gums. B. acuminata affords caranna; B. tomentosa furnishes tacamahac. Burseraceous [bur-ser-a' -se-us] [Burser, a German botanist]. Pertaining to or resembling the genus Bursera. Bursiculate [bur-sik'-u-ldt ) [bursicula ; dim. of bursa, a purse]. In biology, pouch orpurse-like, or possessing a bursa. Bursiform [bur'-sif-orm) [bursa, a purse ; forma, form]. Resembling a bursa. Bursitis [bur-si' -lis) [bursa, a. purse ; (rjf, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of a bursa. B., Tornwaldt's, catarrhal inflammation of the anterior portion of the median recess of the naso-pharnyx. Bursula [bur'-su-lah) [dim. of bursa, a purse]. A small bursa ; the scrotum. Burten's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Busch's Operations. See Operations, Table of. B.'s Version, in obstetrics, direct version, the head being grasped by one hand; while the other hand pushes the breech of the child upward, the head is pulled down into the cervix. Bushmaster [bush'-mast-er). See Lachesis. Busk, Diameter of. In craniometry, the auriculo- bregmatic diameter. B., Horizontal Plane of. See Plane. Butalanin [bu-tal'-an-in) [butyl; alanin], CjHg- (NHj)02. a-amidoisovaleric acid; it consists of shining prisms that sublime without fusing. It is found in the pancreas of the ox. Butcher's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Butea [bu'-te-ah') [John, Earl of Bute (1713-92)]. A genus of leguminous tropical trees and shrubs. B. frondosa and B. superba afford Bengal Kino (see Kino) ; also called Butea Gum. B. Gum. See Kino. Butter [but'-er) [butyrum, butter]. The fatty part of the milk obtained by rupturing the cells of the fat- globules by " churning ' ' or mechanical agitation. Also, various vegetable fats having the consistency of butter, as B. of Cacao. See Theobroma. Also applied to certain chemical products having the appearance or consistence of butter, as B. of Anti- mony, antimonious chlorid ; B. of Tin, stannic chlo- rid ; B. of Zinc, zinc chlorid. See, also, Acid, Butyric. B.-and-Eggs. See Antirrhinum linaria. BUTTERIN 245 BYTHUS B.-fat. I. The oily portion of the milk of mammalia. 2. The fatty portion of butter, made up of the gly- cerids of oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids (the so- called insoluble acids), and the glycerids of butyric, caproic, caprylic, and capric acids (the so-called soluble acids). The average proportion of the in- soluble acids present in butter- fat is 88 per cent., and the average proportion of the soluble acids from five to six per cent. This gives a very important means of distinguishing between a natural butter and oleo- margarin. The pure fat has a sp. gr. of from .910 to .914, and its melting-point varies from 85° to 92° F. B.-fly, a winged pledget or tampon of cotton for vaginal application. B.-fljr Lupus. Synonym of Lupus erythematosus. B. Kidney. See Amyloid Kidney. B.-nut. See Juglans. Butterin (but' -er-in) \butyrum, butter]. An artificial substitute for butter, made principally of beef-fat. See Oleomargarin. Buttocks (i5«/'-«if) [ME., fe«o,4]. The nates. The fleshy part of the body posterior to the hip-joints, formed by the masses of the glutei muscles. Button {iut'-un) [ME., boton]. 'S>^& Furunculus orien- falis. B., Amboyna. See Frambesia. B., Belly, the navel. B., Biskra, the Aleppo Ulcer. B., Cor- rigan's, a steel button-shaped cautery-iron, introduced by Sir J. C. Corrigan (1802-80). B.-bush, the bark of Cephalanthus occidentalis, a tonic, febrifuge, and diuretic. Dose of fld. ext. gss-j. Unof. B.-hole, Mitral. See Funnel, Mitral. B.-hole Operation. See Boutonniere Operation and Operations, Table of. B.-lac. SeeZa bile] A morbid condition of the bile. Cacochroia [kak-o-kroi'-ah) or Cacochroea [kak-o- kre'-ah) [/ca/cj [native S. Ameri- can]. The diuretic root of Chiococca racemosa, C. densifolia, or C. anguifuga, rubiaceous shrubs of tropical America. Unof. Cahn and V. Mering's Method. A method of esti- mating the amount of acids in the stomach. It con- sists in distilling the contents of the stomach with water three times. The volatile acids are estimated in the distillate. The residue is shaken six times with 500 c.c. of ether, and this is evaporated to dryness, and the lactic acid estimated by titration. The residue contains the HCl, and this also can be estimated by titration. Cailcedra (kal-se'-drak) [origin unknown]. I. The Ced- rela odorata,& large tree of tropical America. The bark and wood are used in intermittent fevers ; a fragrant oil (cedar-wood oil) is distilled from the wood. The tree also affords a resin. 2. The Khaya senegalensis of Africa and tropical America, a tree that closely re- serribles the foregoing. Cailletet's Test. See Tests, Table of. Caillian's Test. See Tests, Table of Caisson Disease (ka'-son diz-ez') . The symptoms due to increased atmospheric pressure sometimes occurring in divers, caisson workers, etc. Paraplegia, hemi- plegia, anesthesia, or apoplectic attacks are common, but paralysis of the legs is the most frequent symptom, coming on only after return to the normal atmosphere. The nature of the lesion is obscure.. Cajeput Oil (kaj'-e-put oil). See Cajuputi, oleum. Cajuputene (caj-u-pu-tin') [Malay], C,,,!!,,. The principal constituent of cajeput oil ; it is a liquid of an agreeable odor. Cajuputi, Oleum [kaj-u-pm'-te, ol'-e-um). [Malay, "white wood;" oleum, oil]. Oil of Cajuput. A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca leukadendron. It resembles oil of turpentine in its general effects, being irritant externally and produc- ing a sense of warmth internally, with accelerated pulse . It is used with benefit for flatulent colic, dropsy, hysteria, and cutaneous disorders ; it also relieves toothache. Dose rr\j-v. C, Spiritus (B.P.). Dose .^ss-j. Cajuputol [kaj-u-pu'-tol) [Malay, Cajuputi, white wood]. The more limpid part of oil of cajuput ; it is found also in some other fragrant volatile oils. Cake Colors (iak iul'-ot-z) . See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs. Caked (Mdkd) [ME., cake"]. Compressed or hardened into a solid mass. C. Breast, a breast in a puer- peral woman in which the milk has become hardened and inspissated. C. Bag, in cows, an inflammation of the mammary gland. Calabar Bean [kal'-ab-ar ben). See Physostigma. Calabarin (knl-ab' -ar-in) [Calabar']. An alkaloid from Calabar bean, apparently acting much like strychnin. Caladana (kal-ad-a' -nah). See Kaladana. Caladium (kal-a' -de-um) [L.]. A genus of large- leaved araceous plants. C. bicolor, of Brazil,. is anthelmintic and cathartic. Various other species are employed locally in medicine. Unof. Calage (kal-ahzh') [Fr., wedging]. A method of pro- phylaxis or treatment of sea-sickness by fixation of the viscera by pillows placed between the abdomen and CALAMARY 249 CALCIUM the wall of the cabin and between the back and edge , of the berth, the patient lying upon the side. Calamary [kal' -am-a-re) [^aaAafidpi, inkstand]. Same as Cuttle-bone . Calamin (kal' -am-in) \calamina, a corruption of cad- mia\. Native zinc carbonate. Calamina prtsparata, the prepared calamin, washed and pulverized, is used mainly as an external exsiccant and astringent. Un- guentum calaminee. Turner's cerate. Unof. Calamint, Calaminth {kal' -ani-int or -minth ). Any plant of the labiate genus Calamintka. The cala- mints are aromatic stimulants, with the general prop- erties of the other mints, such as pennyroyal. Unof Calamistruni (kal-ajn-is' -truni) [^ca/amus , a. teed']. In biology, one of the spines found on the hind-legs of spiders, used in arranging the silk as it issues from the spinnerets. Calamus ikal'-am-us) [L. , a reed: gen.. Calami]. Sweet Flag. The rhizome of Acorus calamus. It contains a volatile oil and acorin, a bitter nitrogenous principle. The root is an aromatic, stomachic tonic, and a common ingredient of many popular ' ' bitters. " C, Ext., Fid. Dose tn,xv-gj. C., Draco, a species of rattan-palm that affords a part of the so-called Dragon's Blood (y. «'.) of commerce. C. scriptor- ius (a writing pen or reed). The groove on the floor of the fourth ventricle, at the end of which is the ven- tricle of Aran tins. Calapitte (kal'-ap-it) \M.eii.. , calappa, ihe cacao-tree]. A concretion found occasionally in the cocoa-nut ; vegetable bezoar. It is valued as an amulet in the East. Calathidium or Calathium (kal-ath-id' -e-um or kal- ath'-e-uni) [mAaflof , a vase-shaped basket] . In biol- ogy, applied to the flower-head in certain of the Com- positcR. Calathiform (kal-ath'-if-orm) {KahiBo^, a vase-shaped basket ; forma, form] . In biology, shaped like a cup, vase, or bowl, hemispherical, or concave. Calberla's Method. A method of imbedding micro- scopic specimens in egg-emulsion. The white of sev- eral eggs is separated from the yolks, the chalazas re- moved, and the white cut up with a pair of scissors. To each 15 parts of white add one part of a 10 per cent, solution of sodium carbonate (10 parts of cal- cined sodium carbonate to 100 parts of water). To this solution add the well-shaken yolks and again shake well. Pour the mixture into a deep vessel, al- low to settle, remove the scum, and the mass is ready for use. The specimens, after being well washed in water, are placed in this mass until permeated. They are then fastened with pins to the freshly-cut surface of a piece of hardened mass. Calcaneal [kal-ka'-ne-al) [calcaneum, the heel]. In biology, relating to the heel-bone, or calcaneum, or to a tuberosity in birds, resembling the calcaneum. Calcaneo-astragalar {kal-ka' -ne-o-as-trag' -al-ar) . See Cakaneo-astragaloid. C.-astragaloid, relating to the calcaneum and the astragalus. C.-cavus, a club- foot that combines the characters of calcaneus and cavus. C.-cuboid, belonging to the calcaneum and the cuboid. C.-scaphoid, belonging to the calcaneum and the scaphoid bone. C.-valgo-cavus, club-foot combining the features of calcaneus, valgus and cavus. Calcaneum (kal-ka' -ne-um) [L., the heel]. A com- mon name for the os calcis or heel-bone. Calcaneus (kal-ka' -ne-us) [calcaneum, the heel]. Club-foot in which the heel alone touches the ground, the instep being drawn up toward the shin. Calcar (kal'-ka^A [L., a spur], i. Any spur or spur- like point, as the hippocampus minor. 2. Ergot of rye. 3. The calcaneum. C. avis, the hippocampus minor. Calcareous (kal-ka' -re-us) [calx, limestone]. Per- taining to or having the nature of limestone. C. Degeneration. See Degeneration, Calcarine (kal' -kar-ln) [calcar, a spur]. Relating to the hippocampus minor. C. Fissure. See Fissure. Calceiform (kal' -se-if-orm) [calceus, a shoe ; forma, form]. In biology, resembling in shape a shoe or slipper, as the corolla of certain flowers. Calceolaria (kal-se-o-la' -re-ah) [L. , like a slipper]. A genus of scrophulariaceous plants, mostly of the Andean region. Many of the species have a high local repute as alteratives and antisyphilitics ; several are emetic and purgative. Unof. Caiciz (kal' -sik) [ra/jr, lime]. Of or pertaining to lime. C. Inflammation of- Gums and Peridental Mem- brane. Inflammation caused and maintained by deposits of calculus on the necks of the teeth. Calcicosis (kal-sik-o'-sis) [calx, lime; voaoQ, disease]. Marble-cutter's phthisis; phthisis due to the inhala- tion of marble-dust. Calcification (kal-sif -ik-a' -shun) [calx, lime ; fiere, to become]. The deposit of calcareous or other in- soluble crystalline matter within the tissues of the body. Calcigerous (kal-sij' -er-us) [calx, lime ; gerere, to bear]. Containing lime or a lime-salt ; as the calci- gerous cells of the dentine, or calcigerous tubules in bone. Calcigrade (kaV -sig-rad) [calx, heel; gredi, to walk]. Walking on the heels. Calcination (kal-sin-a' -shun) [calcinare, to calcine]. The process of driving off the volatile chemical con- stituents from inorganic compounds. The expulsion of carbon dioxid from carbonates. Calcine (kaV'sin or kal-stn') [calcinare, to calcine]. To separate the inorganic elements of a substance by subjecting it to an intense heat. Calcium (kal'-se-um)[calx,\ime.'\[gcn.,Calcii']. Ca^^ 40; quantivalence II. Abrilliant,silver-whitemetal,the basis" of lime and limestone, characterized by strong affinity for oxygen, and isolated with great difficulty. See Elements, Table of. It is best known in the form of calcium oxid, quicklime ; C. hydrate, slaked lime ; and C. carbonate, chalk. The preparations of lime used in medicine are usually alkaline and slightly astringent. Calcium oxid is a powerful escharotic. C. benzoas, Ca(C,H502)2, used in nephritis and albuminuria of pregnancy. Dose gr. v-x. C. car- bonate Test. See Tests, Table of. C. chloridum, CaClj, soluble in water. Dose gr. x-xx. C. chlorid., Liq. (B. P.). Dose n\,xv-l. Calcii bromidum. See Bromin. C. Carb. Precipitatus, CaCOg, insolu- ble in water, but soluble in acids, with effervescence. Dose gr. v-xx. C. hypophosphis, CajPHjO,. See Phosphorus. C. Phosphas Precipit., Ca3(P0j)j. SeePkosphorus. Calcis Liniment, carron oil, contains equal parts of lime-water, and olive oil. C, Liquor, lime-water, contains about Ij^ parts of lime in 1000 of water. Dose g ss-ij. C. Liq. Saccharatus (B. P.). Dose tl\,xv-gj. C, Syr., saccharated syrup of lime, contains lime 65, sugar 40, water q. s. It is the antidote to poisoning by carbolic or oxalic acid. Dose .^ ss-ij. Calx, CaO, cal- cium oxid, quicklime, not used internally. C. chlorinata. See Chlorin. C. Sulphurata. Dose gr. ^-^. Creta, native calcium carbonate ; chalk. C. Mist., consists of C. pulv. comp. 20, cinnamon- water 40, water 40. Dose 'i, ss. C. Preparata, chalk freed from impurities by washing and elutriation. Dose gr. v-xx. C. Pulv. Aromat. (B.P.). Dose gr. x-gj. C. Pulv. Aromat. cum Opii (B.P.). Dose gr. X- 3 j. C. Pulv. Comp., compound chalk-powder. CALCULARY 250 CALLUS consists of C. prep. 30, acacia 20, sugar 50 parts. Dose gr. v-^]. Testa prseparata, prepared oyster- sliell. Unof. Dose gr. x— xx. C. trochisci, each contains prepared chalk 4 gr. , acacia I, sugar 6, with a little nutmeg. CalculaTy [kai'-/eu-/a-rc') [^ca'culus, si stone]. Relating to or of the nature of a calculus. Calculifragous (kal-ku-lif -rag-u£) [calculus, a stone ; frangere, to break]. Lithotritic ; breaking or redu- cing a stone in the bladder. Calculous (kal' -ku-lus) [calculus, a stone]. Of the na- ture of a calculus. Calculus (^a/'-^a-Zaj) [dim. of calx, chalk : pi.. Calculi]. A calcareous or stone-like concretion found in the blad- der, kidney, etc. C, Arthritic, a gouty concretion. C, Biliary, a gall-stone. C, Bronchial, a concretion in an air-passage. C, Cutaneous. See Milium. C, Dental, tartar on the teeth or gums. C, Fusible, a urinary calculus composed of phosphates of ammonium, calcium, and magnesium. C, Lacteal, or Mammary, a calcareous nodule sometimes obstruct- ing the lactiferous ducts. C, Mulberry, the oxalate- of-lime variety, resembling a mulberry in shape and color. C, Nasal. See Rhinolith. C, Prostatic, one in the prostate gland: C, Renal, a calculus found in the kidney, producing what has been called nephritic colic. C, Salivary, one forming in the ducts of the salivary glands. C, Uterine, an in- trauterine concretion ; awombstone; formed mainly by calcareous degeneration of a tumor. C, Vesical, one that may have originally descended from the kidney or formed primarily in the bladder. Calea (kal'-e-ah) [L. ] . A genus of tropical American composite-flowered plants. C. zacatechichi, a Mexican plant, tonic, antiperiodic, and a hepatic stimu- lant. Unof. Caledonia Brovtrn. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Calefacient [kal-e-fa' -she-ent) [L. , calidus, warm ; facere, to make] . I . Warming ; producing a sensa- tion of heat. 2. A medicine, externally applied, that causes a sensation of warmth. Calefactor (kal-e-fak' -tor) \caledus, warm ; facere, to make]. A warmer ; a little, portable stove ; a pocket stove ; a chafing-dish. Calendula [kal-en' -du-lah) \calenda, the first day of the month: gen.. Calendula:']. Marigold. The flowering plant known as the garden-marigold, C. offi- cinalis. C., Tinct., contains 20 per cent, of the leaves and stems. It is used exclusively as a local applica- tion to wounds, bruises, and ulcers, and has been vaunted as a cure for carcinoma. Calendulin (kal-en' -du-lin) [calendie, the first day of the month]. An amorphous principle obtainable from calendula. Calentur (kal' -en-lur) [Sp., calentura, heat ; L. , calere, to be hot]. A tropical remittent fever with delirium ; formerly, a supposed fever of this kind that attacked mariners, leading them to leap into the sea. Calf [ME., calfe]. The thick fleshy posterior portion of the leg. See Sura. C.-bone, the fibula. C- knee. See Genu Valgum. Calices of the Kidneys (ka'-lis-lz). Plural of Calyx. The cup-like tubes of ■ the ureter that encircle the apices of the Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys. Calico Bush (kal'-ik-o boosK). See Kalmia . California (kal-if-or' -ne-ah) [Mex.]. A western State. C. Buckthorn. See Cascara Sagrada. C. Elm. See Fremontia. C. Feverbush. See Ga7-rya. C. Laurel, the leaves of Umbellularia californica, com- mon to the Pacific slope. It is recommended for nervous headaches, cerebro-spinal meningitis, neu- jia, etc. Dose of fld. ext. , gtt. x-xxx. C. Poppy, See Eschscholtnia californica. Caligated (kal'-ig-a-ted) \caliga, a boot]. In biology, applied to the booted tarsus of the typical oscine birds. Caligation (kal-ig-a' -shun) , or Caliginosity (kal-ij-in- os'-it-e). See Caligo. Calignani's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Caligo (kal-i'-go) [L.]. Dimness of vision ; an opacity of the cornea, lens, or vitreous humor. Caligula (kal-ig'-u-lah) \caliga, a boot]. In biology, applied to the tarsal envelop of oscine birds. Caliology (kal-e-ol' -o-je) [nakiA, a nest ; Myuv, to speak]. In biology, the systematized knowledge of birds' nests. Calipers Ikal' -ip-erz) [corruption of caliber]. Com- passes with curved legs ; they are used in vulcanite and celluloid dental work to measure the thickness of the plate. Calipers are used also in pelvimetry, craniometry, and oier measurements of parts of the body. Calisaya [kal-is-a' -yah) [South America]. Cinchona bark, especially that of Cinchona calisaya. See Cin- chona. Calisthenics, or Callisthenics [kal-is-then' -iks) \_Kal6^, beautiful ; aHhoQ, strength]. The practice of various rhythmic movements of the body and of the limbs, in- tended to develop the muscles and produce gracefulness of carriage ; light gymnastics, especially 'designed for the use of girls and young women. Callaway's Test. In dislocation of the shoulder the loss of from one to two inches in the vertical circum- ference of the shoulder-joint of the injured side, as determined by measuring with a tape-line over the acromion and through the axilla. This test is not reliable after traumatic swelling has set in. Callicarpa (kal-ik-ar' -pah) [/caAdf, beautiful ; Kapirdg, fruit]. A genus of verbenaceous plants. C. ameri-' cana, a shrub of the U. S. , called " French Mul- berry,' ' is used locally for skin-diseases and for dropsy. Unof. C. bonplandiana, of South Americii, and' C. cana, C. lanata, and C. rheedii, of the E. Indies, are similarly employed. All unof Callisection (kal-is-ek'-shun) [callus, insensibility; sectio, a cutting]. Painless vivisection. Callisen's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Callitriche (kal-it'-rik-e) [koU^, beautiful ; 6pi^, hair]. A genus of aquatic herbs. C heterophylla and C. verna are diuretic ; these and other species afford a mucilage employed as a hair-dressing and they are used in domestic practice for making poultices. Unof. Callosal (kal-o'-sal) \_callosus, hard]. Pertaining to the corpus callosum. Callose (kal'-os) \callosus, thick-skinned, hard]. In biology, having hardened spots or protuberances. ' Q,2^as,\\.a.'&(kal-os'-it-as). See Callosity. Callosity (cal-os'-it-e) [callus, hardness]. Callositas, Tylosis, Tyloma, Keratoma. A hard, thickened' patch on the skin produced by excessive accumulation of the homy layers. Calloso -marginal (kal-o-so-mar'-jin-al)[callosus, hard ; margo, margin]. Relating to the callosal and mar- ginal gyri of the brain. Callosum (kal-o' -sunt). The bridge of white nerve- substance joining the hemispheres of the brain. It has also been called Corpus callosum, Trabs cerebri, and Commissura magna. See illustrations under Brain. '■ Callous (kal' -us) [callosus, hard]. Hard; tough, like call us. Callus (kal' -us) [L.]. I. A callosity; hardened and thickened skin. 2. The new growth of incomplete osseous tissue that surrounds the ends of a fractured CALMANT 251 CAMATINA bone, during the process of repair. See Callosity. C, Permanent, the permanent bond of bony union after re-absorption of the C. Provisional, or cartilage- like, plastic material first thrown out. C. of Skin, induration and thickening of the skin. Calmant {kahm'-ant) [ME., calm.e\. A calmative medicine. Calmative {ka{k)l'-mat-iv) [ME., calme]. I. Calm- ing ; sedative. 2. An agent that produces a calming or sedative effect. Calomel [kaV -o-met) . See Hydrargyrum. Calophyllum (kal-o-fiV -uni) \imUq, beautiful ; , leaf]. A genus of large tropical guttiferous trees. Several of the species (as C. tacamahaca, C. inophyl- lutn) yield medicinal oils and resins. Unof. Calor (/Ja'-/o?-) [L. "heat "]. i. Heat. 2. Moderate fever heat ; less than fervor and ardor. C. animalis, animal heat. C. febrilis, fever-heat. C. fervens, boiling heat. C. innatus, natural or normal heat. C. mordicans, biting or pungent heat (an unfavorable symptom of typhus), C. nativus, native or animal heat ; blood heat ; normal heat. C. internus, inward fever : .fever notrappeeci^ble on:the stirface of the body. Caloricity [kal-or-is' -it-e) \calor, heat]. The heat-pro- ducing power of the living animal body. Calorie (kal'-or-e) [Fr.]. See Calory. Calorifacient (kal-or-if-a' -she-eni) [color, heat ; facere, to make]. Heat-producing (applied to certain foods). Calorimeter (kal-or-im'-et-er) [calor, heat; jjiTpov, a measure]. An instrument for transforming the poten- tial energy of the food into heat, and for measuring the number of heat-units produced. Two forms are used, the Water-Calorimeter and the Ice-Calorimeter. Calorimetry (kal-or-im'-et-re) [color, heat; idrpm, a measure]. The .estimation of the heat-units by the calorimeter. Calorimotor {kal-or-im-o' -tor) [calor, heat ; motor, mover]. A galvanic battery that produces heating- effects, generating electricity in large quantity, but not necessarily with a high electro-motive force. Calorinesis {kal-or-in' -es-is) [calor, heat : pi., Calori- n'eses\. Any disease characterized by an alteration in the quantity of animal heat. Calory (kal'-vr-t) [Fr. , Calorie]. A heat-unit; the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree Centigrade. See Unit. • Calotropis {kal-of -ro-pis) [KaXdq, beautiful ; rpdni^, a ship's keel]. A genus of E. Indian asclepiadaceous trees and shrubs. See Madar. Caltha (kal'-thah) [L.]. A genus of ranunculaceous herbs. C. palustris, the marsh-marigold of cold and cool regions ; it is vesicant when fresh. It is often cooked and eaten as a pot-herb. Unof. Calumba [hal-um' -bah) [native Mozambique, kalumb"]. Columbo. The root ol Jateorrhiza columlia, native to S. Africa and parts of the E. Indies. It is an excellent example of a simple bitter, and contains a bitter prin- ciple, Calumbin, C2,H.^.^Oj, of which the dose is gr. j-iij. It is not astringent, and may be prescribed with salts of iron. It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, and as a mild, appetizing tonic in convalescence. C, Ext. (B. P.). Dose gr. ij-x. C, Fid. Ext. Dose n\,v-xxx. C, Infus. (B. P.). Dose gj-ij. C, Tinct., con- tains ten per cent, of C. Dose ^ss-ij. See also American Columbo. Calumbin (kal-um'-bin). See Calumba. Calva (kal'-vah). .Same as Calvaria. Calvaria {ial va'-re-aK) [calva, the scalp] . The upper part of the skull. Calvarian (kal^a'-re-an) [calva, the scalp]. Relating to the calvaria. Calvarium (kal-va'-re-um). See Calvaria. Calvert's Test. See Tests, Table of. Calvities {kal-visk' -e-lz) [calvus, bald]. Baldness, especially general or senile baldness. See Alopecia. C. senilis. See Alopecia senilis. Calx [kalks) [L.]. The heel. In chemistry, a name formerly applied to any oxid of a metal, especially an alkaline metal, and chiefly to lime, or oxid of calcium, CaO. See Calcium. Calycanthemous (kal-ik-an' -them-us) [kHIv^, calyx; avdefiov, a flower]. In bifalogy, with petaloid sepals. Calycanthin {kal-ik-an' -thin) [icdXv^, calyx ; ai/fof , flower], C55H28022. A glucosid obtained from cer- tain plants of the genus Calycanthus. Calycanthus (kal-ik-an' -thus) [koKv^, calyx; dvflof, flower]. A genus of North American shrubs. C, floridus, the Carolina allspice, sweet-shrub, or bubby, is tonic, emetic, and antifebrile. C. occidentalis is the California sweet-shrub. Unof Calyciflorate (kal-is-e-flo' -rat) [calyx, calyx; Jlos, flower]. In biology, with the petals and stamens borne on the calyx. Calyeine (kal'-is-in) [calyx, calyx]. In biology, per- taining to or resembling a calyx. Calycle (kal'-ik-T) [caly cuius , a. little calyx]. In bio- logy, applied to parts that resemble a calyx , as the bracts or leaflets of certain plants, or the cup-cells of zoo- phytes. Calycular (kal-ik' -u-lar) [calyculus, a calycle]. I. In biology, having bracts resembling accessory calices or a cup-cell resembling a calycle. 2. An old name for the plant Hyoscyamus. Calymna (kal-im' -nah) [mkbizTuv, to cover, hide]. A jelly-like envelop of radiolarians. Calyphyomy (kal-if-i' -o-me) [xaXv^, a calyx ; (jAeiv, to grow]. In biology, the growing together of sepals and petals. Calyptera [kal-ip-te' -rah) [icahjTTT^piov, a covering]. In biology, the tail coverts of birds. Calyptoblastic {kal-ip-to-blas' -tik) [Ka'hmT&(;, covered ; P?MaT6g, a germ] . In biology, having capsulated gen- erative buds, as the campanularian and sertularian hy- droids. Calyptra (kal-ip' -trah) [luoMnrTpa, a veil]. In biology, a hood-like body covering the fruit-organ in plants; as the modified archegonium of mosses, or the united bracts of some flowers. Calyptrate (kal-ip' -trat) [Kokmrpa, a veil]. In biology, having a hood-like investment. Calyptrogen (kal-ip' -tro-gen) [KoMmTpa, a veil ; yivriQ, producing]. In biology, the root-cap. Calyx (ka'-liks) [Kokv^, the cups or calyx of a flower : pi. , Calices] . In biology, applied to various cup-like ensheathing structures, as the funnel-shaped tissues surrounding the Malpighian pyramids of the kidney, the cups of a polyzoan, or a Crinoid ; an ovarian cap- sule. C. of Ovum, the wall of the Graafian follicle from which the ovum has escaped. Camass (kam-as') [nat. American Indian]. The edible bulb of Camassia esculenta, C. fraseri, or C. leicht- linii, squill-like plants of Western N. America. Death Camass, the poisonous root or bulb of Zygadenus ven- enosus ; called also hog's potato, as it is eaten by swine. The bulb or corm of the Blue Camass (Bro- dima grandiflora) , is also considered poisonous, al- though it may be eaten. Camata (kah-mah' -tah) [origin unknown]. The dried acorns of Quercus agilops, used in the arts for their astringency. See Camatina and Valonia.. Camatina (kah-mah-te' -nah) [origin unknown]. The immature acorns of Quercus csgilops, used in the arts for their astringency. See Camata and Valonia. CAMBIFORM 252 CAMPHOR Cambiform [kam' -bif-orrn) \cambium, cambium ; forma, shape]. In biology, applied to narrow, thin- walled succulent cells, often found in connection with sieve-tubes, but whose nature is not well understood. Cambi-Resin [East Indian], The resinous juice of Gardenia lucida an E. Indian plant. It has been recommended for use in hospital dressings, from which it is said to expel flies. Q,&ra!o\\ym.{kam'-be-uni) [L.]. In biology, a layer of tissue formed between the wood and the bark of exog- enous plants. It is composed of extremely delicate, thin-walled cells, filled with protoplasm and organiz- able nutrient matter, and appearing like a thin film of mucilage. Cambogia (kam-bo' -je-ah) \Camboja, or Cambodia, a country in Farther India]. Gamboge. A resinous gum from Garcinia hnnburyi, a tree native to Southern Asia. Its properties are due to gambogic acid. It is a drastic hydragogue cathartic, decidedly diuretic. C, Pil. Comp., (B. P.), contains gamboge, Barbadoes aloes, hard soap, compound powder of cinnamon, and syrup. Dose gr. v-x. It is also officially a constit- uent of Pil. Cath. Comp. Stt Colocynth. Dose gr. ij-v. Cainbuca {kam-bu'-kah) [L.]. An old name for a bubo or venereal ulcer. Camel's Hair. The hair of the camel, used in Africa, Asia Minor, and the Caucasus, and latterly in Europe, for the manufacture of woven goods, that are made from the unbleached hair. C.'s-h. Brush, a small fine brush used for making various applications to the surface of the body, and for cleansing the ear, etc. Camelina (kam-el-i' -naK) \j(aiuii, dwarf; Mvov, flax]. A genus of cruciferous plants. C. sativa, the gold of pleasure. A cruciferous plant of the old world, naturalized in N. America. Its seeds afibrd a fixed oil ; the plant itself was formerly esteemed in eye- diseases. Unof. Camellia {kam-el' -e-aK) [after Kamel, a scientist of the seventeenth century]. A genus of shrubs. C. the- ifera. See Tea. Camellin [kam-el' -in) [see Camellia^ CjjHgjOjg. A glucosid obtained from the seeds of Camellia japonica. Camembert Cheese. See Cheese. Camera [kam'-er-ah) \jw,iia,pa, an arched roof or chamber]. In biology, a chamber or vaulted structure. In optics, the chambet or dark-box of the apparatus used for photography. C. cordis, the envel- oping membrane of the heart, the pericardium. C. of Cranium, the chamber of the skull. C. lucida, an optical device for superimposing or combining two fields of view in one eye, invented by the chemist WoUaston. C. oculi, the chamber of the eye. Camerated [kam'-er-a-ted) \_iiaii6,pa, a vault]. In biology, chambered, vaulted. Camerer's Method. A method of estimating uric acid in the urine. It is done by means of Salkowski's magnesia mixture (one part of crystallized magnesium sulphate, two parts of ammonium chlorid, four parts of ammonia solution, of sp. gr. 0.924, and eight parts of water), to remove the phosphates, and the addition of silver nitrate. Camerine [Aam'-er-in) [Kaa&pa, a vault]. In biology, a foraminiferous shell of the numulite limestone. Cameritelous [kam-er-H-e'-lus) [camera, a vault; lela, a. weh']. Applied to spiders that spin, intricate webs or hiding-chambers. Camerostoma (kam-er-os' -to-mah) [Ka/iapn, a vault ; arbiia, a mouth]. In biology, the vaulted cover of the manducatory organs of spiders. Camisole [kam-is-ol') [Fr.]. The straight-jacket, for- merly used for the restraint of violently insane persons. Camomile, or Chamomile {kam'-o-mll). See Anthemis and Matricaria. Campana (kam-pa'-naK). See Pulsatilla. Camp Cure. Life in camp and in the open air, adopted as a therapeutic measure. C. Fever. Synonym of Typhus Fever. C. Measles, an epidemic of measles among soldiers. Campani's Ocular. See Ocular. C. Tests. See Tests, Table of. Campanula [kam-pan' -u-lah) [L., "a little bell"]. I. Any bell-shaped part or process. 2. A genus of plants with bell-shaped flowers : blue-bell : Canterbury bell. Several of the species, as C. trachelium and C. glomerata have been employed in medicine, as deter- gents, astringents, and vulneraries. Unof. Campanulate (Itam-pan' -u-lai) [campanula, a little bell]. Bell-shaped. Camper's Angles. See Angle. C. Ligament. See Ligament. C. Lines. ^&s Lines, Table of. C. Plane. See Plane. C. Profile Line. See Profile Line. Camphene {kam-fen',OT kam'-fln) [caniphor"], CjjHjj. The solid terpene obtained from pinene halogen hydrid by the elimination of the haloid acid. Camphenes (kam'-feni) [camphor']. The volatile oils or hydrocarbons having the general formula CjjHjj, isomeric with oil of turpentine. Many camphenes exist ready-formed in plants, as oil of cloves, etc. They are liquid at ordinary temperatures. They are also called terpenes, but by some authorities the latter is made the generic name of all the volatile hydrocar- bons having the formula CjdHjg, while the name camphene is limited to those terpenes that are solid at ordinary temperatures. Camphoid [kam'-foid") [camphor]. A substitute for collodion. It is a solution, one in 40, of pyroxylin, in equal parts by weight of camphor and absolute alcohol. It may be used as a vehicle for applications to the skin. The application dries in a few minutes, leaving an elastic opaque film, not easily washed off. Campholic Acid (kam-fol' -ik) . See Acid, Campholic. Campho-phenique {/eam-fo-fen-ek') [Fr.]. A proprie- tary preparation combining camphor and phenol ; it is recommended as an antiseptic and local stimulant. Camphor {karri' -for") [camphora, camphor : gen., Camphorce], C,(|H,gO. A solid' volatile oil ob- tained from Cinnamomum camphora, a tree indig- enous to Eastern Asia. It yields camphoric and cam- phretic acids, also C. Cymol when distilled with zinc chlorid. It is a valuable antispasmodic, anodyne and diaphoretic. Applied locally, it is an excellent rube- facient. It is a moderate cerebral excitant. It is effectual in cholera, vomiting, cardiac depression and affections requiring an antispasmodic. C, aqua, con- sists of camphor 8, alcohol 5, precipitated calcium phosphate 5, distilled water q. s. ad 1000 parts. Dose 3J-iv. C. Ball, an English preparation used as an application to chapped-skin. Its composition is sper- maceti 4, white wax 12, oil of almonds 5; melt in a water bath, and add flowers of camphor 4. Dis- solve and when nearly cold pour into boxes or mould in gallipots. C. Borneo. See Borneol. C. Carbo- lated, a mixture of 2^ parts of camphor with one each of carbolic acid and alcohol. A good antiseptic dressing for wounds. C, ceratum, consists of cam- phor liniment 1, white wax 3, and lard 6. Used for itching skin-affections. C, Chloral, a fluid pre- pared by mixing equal parts of camphor and chloral hydrate. It is an excellent solvent for many alka- loids. Used externally. C.-ice, the ceratum cam- phoric compositum, N. F. C, linimentum, has camphor 20, cottonseed oil 80 parts. C, Lini.. ment. Comp. (B. P.), contains camphor and oil of CAMPHORIC ACID 253 CANAL lavender dissolved in rectified spirit, and strong solu- tion of ammonia added. C, Monobromated, CjqHjj- BrO, camphor in which one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by an atom of bromin. It resembles the bromids in therapeutic action. Dose gr. j-x, in emulsion. C. salicylate, prepared by heating to- gether 14 parts of camphor with II of salicylic acid. It is used as an ointment. C, Spt., contains camphor 10, alcohol 70, water 20 parts. Dose tT\,v-xx. C, Tinct., Comp. (B. P.), contains opium, benzoic acid, camphor, oil of anise, and proof spirit. Dose n\_xv-gj. C. Tinct., Rubini's. Unof. A saturated solution of camphor in alcohol. Dose gtt. iv-x. Raspail's " Eau Sedative." Unof. Contains aq. ammoniaeiij, sodium chlorid ^ ij, camph. spt. wine giij, water Oij. Used externally. Camphoric Acid [kam-for'-ik). See Acid. CamphoTonic Acid (kam-fo-ron' ik) . See Acid. Camphors {kam' -fori) \camphiyra, camphor]. Peculiar- smelling substances containing oxygen and intimately related to the terpenes. They are often found with the latter in plant-secretions and can be artificially prepared by oxidizing the same. Camphyiene [kam' -fil-lti)\camphora, camphor], Cj^Hj,.. I. A liquid terpene produced by decomposing cam- phene with lime at a great heat. 2. A commercial name for naphthalin, occurring in blocks that are sold for protecting furs and woolens from moths, and are placed in urinals for disinfecting purposes. Campimeter {kam-pitn' -et-er). See Perimeter, Camplin's Biscuits. See Biscuits. Campsis {kamp'-sis] [^Ka/iipi^, a curving] . Any abnormal curvature or flexion. Campterium {Jiamp-te' -re-uni) \Kafi-Kriip, a bending]. In biology, the anterior border of the wing ; the bend of the wing. Campylochirus {kam-pil-o-ki' -nes) [KafiniiTM^, crooked ; Xslp, hand]. Having distorted hands. Campylorrhachis {kam-pil-or' -a-kis) [Kainrh'koQ, crooked; paxic, backbone]. A fetus with spinal deformity. Carapyloiihimis^iam-pit-o-ri'-nus) [(ca^vrijAof, crooked; pi'f, nose]. A monstrosity with a deformity of the nose. Campylospermous {kam-pil-o-sper' -mus) [/ca/tTri/loc, curved ; anippia, a seed] . In biology, applied to seeds having the material curved so as to form longitudinal flUTOWS. Campylotropal {kam-pil-of -ro-pal^ [^icafiTrHog, curved ; Tpiireiv, to turn]. In biology, applied to ovules or seeds that are bent or curved on themselves. Canada {kan' -a-daK) [Sp.]. A British possession in North America. C. Balsam. See Bahamum can- adense. For its uses in microscopy, see Mounting Media. C. Snakeroot, the root of Asarunt canadense. See Asarum. C. Hemp. See Apocynum. Canadian [kan-a^-de-an) \_Canada\. Pertaining or belonging to Canada. Canadol (kan'-ad-oT). A transparent volatile liquid re- sembling benzene in smell. It is an excellent local anesthetic for minor surgical operations. Unof. See also Gasolene. Canaigre [kan-a'-gra) [Sp.]. The Rumex hymeno- sepalus, a plant of Texas, Mexico, Utah and Cali- fornia. The root is highly astringent : the sour stalks are used, like rhubarb-stalks, in making pies. Unof. Canal, or Canalis (kan-al', or kan-a'-lis) \canna, a reed or tube]. I. A tube or duct for carrying the fluids of the body. 2. A hollow instrument used as a splint. C, Abdominal. See C, Inguinal. C, Abital. See C. , Aphodal. C, Aerial. See C. , Air. C, Afferent. See C, Incurrent. C, Air, a cavity containing air, such as exists in most vegetable organs ; it is forrned by an arrest of development or by a destruc- tion of some of the anatomic elements. C, Al- cock's, a strong sheath of the obturator layer of the pelvic fascia containing the internal pudic artery. C, Alimentary, the whole digestive tube from the mouth to the anus. C., Alisphenoid, in comparative anatomy, a canal in the alisphenoid bone, opening anteriorly into the foramen rotundum, and transmitting the external carotid artery. C, Alveolar,. Anterior, one located in the superior maxilla ; it transmits the anterior supe- rior dental nerve. C, Alveolar, Inferior, the inferior dental canal. C, Alveolar, Median, one located in the superior maxilla and transmitting the middle supe- rior dental nerve. C, Alveolar, Posterior, one situated in the superior maxilla; it transmits the posterior superior dental nerve. C, Alveolo-dental, See C, Dental. C, Ambulacral, in the Echinoder- mata, branches of the circular canal. C, Anal, leads from the rectum to the external opening of the anus. C, Aphodal, in certain sponges, one connecting a chamber with an excurrent canal. C, Apical, in the Ctenophora, two canals extending from the funnel to the apical pores. C, Aquiferous. I. Canals that in many molluscs traverse the substance of the foot, opening externally by pores, or internally into the blood-sinuses. 2. In the Entozoa, a series of ramify- ing excretory canals, with blind extremities, converging to a common canal that opens externally. C, Arach- noid, a space formed beneath the arachnoid membrane of the brain ; it transmits the venje raagnse Galeni. C. of Arantius, the ductus venosus. C, Archinephric, the duct of the archinephron or primitive kidney. C, Arterial. See Ductus arteriosus. C, Atrial, the cavity of the atrium. C, Auditory, External, that from the auricle to the tympanic membrane. C, Auditory, Internal, that beginning on the posterior surface of the petrous bone, and extending outward and backward for a. distance of about four lines ; it transmits the auditory and facial nerves, and the audi- tory artery. C, Auricular, i. See C , Auditory, External. 2. The constriction between the auricular and ventricular portions of the fetal heart. C. , Avant, the anterior portion of the male urethra. C, Axial, in certain Echinodermata, the central canal of a brachium, opening into the alimentary canal. C, Bartholin's, the duct of Bartholin's gland. C. of Bernard, a supplementary duct of the pancreas. Also called Santorini's canal. C, Bichat's. See C, Arachnoid. C, Biflex. See Gland, Interungulate. C, Biliary. See C, Hepatic. C, Biliary, Inter- lobular, canals situated between the acini of the liver, containing small branches of the portal vein, etc. C, Blastoporic. See C, Neurenteric. C. of Bone, a canaliculus of bone. C, Braun's. %&& C, Neuren- teric. C, Bfaune's, the continuous passage formed by the uterine cavity and the vagina during labor, after full dilatation of the os. C, Breschet's. See C. of the Difloe. C, Bullular. See C. of Petit. C, Carinal, an air-canal in the Equiseta, situated on the inner side of the xylem. C, Carotic. See C, Carotid. C, Carotico-tympanic, two or three short canals extending from the carotid canal to the tym- panum ; they transmit branches of the carotid plexus. C, Carotid, one in the petrous portion of the temporal bone ; it transmits the internal carotid artery. C. of Cartilage, the canals in ossifying cartilage, during its vascularization intended to receive prolongations of the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum. They radiate in all directions from the center of ossification. C, Central (of the modiolus), a canal running from the base to the apex of the cochlea. C, Central (of spinal CANAL 254 CANAL cord), the small canal that extends through the center of the spinal cord from the conus meduUaris to the lower part of the fourth ventricle. It represents the embryonic ectodermal canal. C, Cerebro-spinal, I. The neural or cranio-vertebral canal, formed by the skull and the spine, and containing the brain and spinal marrow. 2. The primitive continuous cavity of the brain and spinal cord, not infrequently more or less extensively obliterated in the latter, but in the former modified in the form of the several ventricles and other cavities. C, Cervical. See C. of Cervix Uteri. C, Cervico-uterine. See C. , Uterine. C. of Cervix Uteri, that portion of the uterine canal that extends between the internal and external os. C. of Chorda Tympani, a small canal in the temporal bone, be- tween its squamous and petrous portions, parallel with the Glaserian fissure ; it transmits the chorda tympani nerve. C, Chyleaqueous, in certain invertebrates, a system of canals containing water and digestive pro- ducts. C, Ciliary. See C, of Fontana. C, Cir- cular, in the Echinodermata, a vessel surrounding the esophagus, connected with the exterior by the madre- poric canal, and giving off the ambulacra! canals. C. clavellaris, in biology, a cecal canal running into the olfactory clubs of Medusa. C, Cloacal. See C, Excurrent. C. of Cloquet. See C, Hyaloid. C, Cochlear, the spiral and snail-like cavity of the cochlea, 28 to 30 mm. long. The base is turned inward toward the internal auditory meatus, and the apex outward toward the tympanum. C. of Com- munication, in the embryo of the fowl, canals that run from the cavity of each protovertebra to the pleuro- peritoneal space. C., Connecting, the arched or coiled portion of a uriniferous tubule, joining with a collect- ing tubule. C, Corona, in biology, the coronal in- testine of Medusa. Same as Pouch corona. C. of Corti, the triangular canal formed by the pillars of Corti, the base of which corresponds to the membrana basilaris. It extends over the entire length of the lamina spiralis. C. of Cotunnius. See Aqueduct of the Vestibule. C, Cranio-vertebral. See C, Cerebro-spinal, and C, Neural. C, Crural. See C, Femoral. C, Ctenophoral, in the Ctenophora, eight canals connected at right angles with the tertiary radial canals, and corresponding in their course with the eight locomotive bands. C. of Cuvier, the ductus venosus. C, Cystic, the cystic duct. C. of De CandoUe. See C, Medullary. C, Deferent, the vas deferens. C, Demicircular. See C, Semi- circular. C, Dental, Anterior, one extending into the facial portion of the superior maxilla; it transmits the anterior dental vessels and nerves. C, Dental, Inferior, the dental canal of the inferior maxilla; it transmits the inferior dental nerve and vessels. C, Dental, Posterior, two canals in the superior maxilla. They transmit the superior posterior dental vessels and nerves. C, Dentinal, the minute canals in dentine, extending approximately at right- angles to the surface of a tooth from the pulp-cavity, into which they open, to the cementum and enamel. C, Digestive. %^& C, Alimentary. C. of Diploe, canals in the diploe of the cranium transmitting Breschet's veins. C, Efferent. I. See C, Excur- rent. 2. In the Cestoda, canals connecting the testicles with the deferent canals. C, Ejaculatory. See Duct, Ejaculatory. C. of Epididymis, a convoluted tube, about 20 feet long when straightened, forming the epididymis and continuous with the vas deferens. C, Eschricht's Yellovy, in certain of the Cestoda, a system of canals, opening into the fertilizing canal, and terminating in round or oval sacs. C, Eth- moidal, Anterior, one between the ethmoid and frontal bones ; it transmits the nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve, and the anterior ethmoidal ves- sels. C, Ethmoidal, Posterior. See C, Orbital, Posterior, Internal. C, Eustachian, one in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, containing a portion of the Eustachian tube. C, Excurrent, in sponges, the tubes that carry water from the ciliated chambers to the exterior. C, Facial, the aqueduct of Fallopius; it transmits the facial nerve. C, Fal- lopian. See Aqueduct of Fallopius. C, Femoral. I. The inner compartment of the sheath of the femoral vessels behind Poupart's ligament; a femoral hernia descends through this. 2. See C, Hunter's. C. of Ferrein, a triangular channel, supposed to exist between the free edges of the eyelids when they are closed, and to serve for conducting the tears toward the puncta lachrymalia during sleep. C, Fertilizing, in many cestoda, a tube connecting the vagina and the uterus. C, Fibro-adipose, in certain fishes, a canal, filled vrith adipose tissue, on the dorsal side of the neural . canal. C. of Fontana, a series of smalLspaces formed by the interlacing of the connective-tissue fibers of the framework of the peripheral processes of the iris, situated in the angle of the anterior cham- ber, and serving as a medium for the transudation of the aqueous humor from the posterior to the anterior chamber of the eye. They are also called C. of Hovius, C, Ciliary, and Fontana' s Spaces. C, Galactophorous, the lactiferous tubules of the mammary gland. C. of Gartner, in the female, a relic of the main portion of the Wolffian duct of the embryo; it is a tube extending from the broad ligament of the uterus to the wall of the uterus and vagina. C, Gastro-vascular, in the Hydrozoa, canals extending from the stomach into the substance of the disc of the umbrella. C, Genital, in com- parative anatomy, any canal designed for copulation or for the discharge of ova. C, Gonocalycine, a system of canals found in the gonocalyx of the Hy- drozoa. C. of Groin. See C., Inguinal. C. of Guidi. See C, Vidian. C, Gynecophoric, in Bilharzia, a groove extending from a little below the ventral sucker to the end of the tail. It lodges the female during copulation. C. of Havers. See C, Haversian. C, Haversian, canals in the compact substance of bone forming a wide-meshed network, and establishing communication between the medullary cavity and the surface of the bone. Their average diameter is' y^' inch, and they are lined by a continuation of the endosteum ; they transmit blood-vessels, lymph-vessels and nerves. C, Hemal, one in the ventral surface of the vertebral column, enclosed by the hemal arches ; it is incom- plete in certain portions. C. of Henle, a portion of the uriniferous tubules. C, Hepatic. I. The excre- tory duct of the liver. 2. The radicles of the hepatic duct. C, Hernial, one transmitting a hernia. C. of Hovius. See C. of Fontana. C. of Huguier. See C. of the Chorda Tympani. C, Hunter's, a triangular canal formed in the adductor magnus muscle of the thigh ; it transmits the femoral artery and vein and internal saphenous nerve. C. of Huschke, one formed by the junction of the tuber- cles of the annulus tympanicus. This is generally obliterated after the fifth year, but may persist through life. C, Hyaloid, an irregularly-cylindrical canal running antero-posteriorly through the vitreous body, through which in the fetus the hyaloid artery passes, to ramify on the posterior surface of the crystalline lens. C, Hyapophyseal, in birds, that formed by the inferior spinous processes of the upper cervical vertebra ; it transmits the carotid artery. C, Inci- CANAL 255 CANAL sive. See C, Incisor. C, Incisor, a canal that opens into the mouth by an aperture just behind the incisor teeth of the upper jaw ; it is formed by a groove on the adjoining surfaces of the superior maxillae, and has two branches that open into the nasal fossse. C, Incurrent, in sponges, the canals that convey water from the exterior to the ciliated chambers. C, Infra- orbital, a small canal running obliquely through the bony floor of the orbit ; it transmits the infraorbital artery and nerve. C, Inguinal, a canal about one and one-half inches long, running obUquely downward and inward from the internal to the external abdominal ring, and constituting the channel through which an inguinal hernia descends; it transmits the spermatic cord in the male, and the round ligament of the uterus in the female. C, Inter-. See C, Incurrent. C, Inter- cellular, in biology, canals formed by the interspaces between vegetable cells. C, Intestinal, that portion of the alimentary canal that is included between the pylorus and the anus. C, Intrafascicular, one formed in a fibro-vascular bundle by the destruction of the vascular tissue and parenchyma. C, Intralobular, Biliary, the radicles of the bile-ducts, forming a fine network in and around the hepatic cells, and com- municating with vacuoles in the cells. C. of Jacob- son. Se& C, Tympanic. C, Kidney, in the /Va/^/- minthes, excretory tubes that take up excrementitious matter from the tissues. C, Kidney, Primitive, in some of the lower animals canals that appear to re- place the kidneys. C. of Kowalevsky. See C. , Neu- renteric. C. , Lacrymal. I. The bony canal that lodges the nasal duct. ?. One of the lachrymal canal- iculi. C, Lateral, in most fishes, two canals, one on each side, that communicate with cavities in the head, and with the exterior, by aperture's in each overlying scale ; they are probably sensory in function. C. of Laurer, in certain worms, one by which the oviduct opens externally on the dorsal surface ; according to some, the vitellarian duct. C, Lingual, in the horse, etc. , the floor of the mouth, from its lodging the tongue. C. of Loewenberg, that portion of the cochlear canal that is situated above the membrane of Corti. C, Longitudinal, in the Cestoda, canals, one on each side of a joint ; they are of uncertain function. C, Looped, in the Annulata, the segmental organs. C, Macro-myelonal, the central canal of the spinal cord. C, Madreporic, in the Echinodermata , one joining the madreporite, and the circular canal. C, Malar, one in the malar bone transmitting the malar division of the temporo-malar branch of the superior maxillary nerve. C. of Marrow. See C-, Cartilage. C, Maxillary. See C, Dental. C, Median. 1. The central canal of the spinal cord. 2. The aqueduct of Sylvius. C, Medullary, i . The hollow cavity of a long bone, con- taining the marrow. 2. See C, Vertebral. 3. The cen- tral canal of the spinal cord. 4. An Haversian canal. 5. The canal of De CandoUe, enclosing the pith in the stem of plants. 6. In embryology, the medullary tube. C, Medullary, Cerebro- spinal, the central canal of the spinal cord. C, Membranous, of the Cochlea, a canal in the cochlea, following the turns of the lamina spiralis; it is bounded by the basilar mem- brane, the membrane of Reissner, and the wall of the cochlea. C, Membranous, Semicircular. See C, Semicircular. C. of Modiolus, the spiral canal of the cochlea. C, Muciparous. See C, Mucous. C, Mucous, in general, canals lined with mucous membrane. In zoology, canals found beneath the scales of fishes and other scaly animals, furnishing the mucus that lubricates the surface. C. of Miiller. See Miillerian Duct. C, Myelonal, the central canal of the spinal cord. C, Nasal. I. See C, Lachrymal. 2. An occasional canal found in the posterior portion of the nasal bone ; it transmits the nasal nerves. C, Naso-lachrymal. See C, Lach- rymal. C, Naso-palatine. See C, Incisor. C, Neural. I. See C, Vertebral. 2. In Echinoderms, a canal a part of the wall of which is formed by the ambulacral nerve and its connections. C, Neurenteric, of Kowalewsky, also called Blasto- poric Canal, in the embryo, a passage leading froiu the posterior part of the medullary tube into the arch- enteron. C, Neuro-central. SeeC, Vertebral. C. of Nuck, a pouch of peritoneum which, in the female fetus, descends for a short distance along the round ligament of the uterus into the inguinal canal ; it is the analogue of the processus vaginalis in the male. It sometimes persists after birth. C, Nutritive. See C, Haversian. C, Obstetric. See C, Parturient. C, Obturator, a canal in the ilium transmitting the obtu- rator nerve and vessels. C, Olfactory, in the embryo, the nasal fossEe at an early period of development. C, Omphalo-mesenteric, in the embryo, a canal that connects the cavity of the intestine with the umbilical vesicle. C, Optic. See Optic Foramen. C, Orb- ital, Anterior Internal. See C, Ethmoidal, An- terior. C, Orbital, Posterior Internal, the poste- rior of two canals formed by the ethmoid bone and the orbital plate of the frontal. It transmits the pos- terior ethmoidal vessels. C, Palatine, Accessory Posterior, one or two canals in the horizontal plate of the palate bone, near the groove entering into the formation of the posterior palatine canal. C, Pala- tine, Anterior, formed by the union of the incisive canals ; it opens on the palate behind the incisor teeth. C, Palatine, Descending. See C, Palato- Maxillary. C, Palatine, External, Small, a small canal in the pyramidal process of the palate bone, close to its connection with the horizontal plate. It transmits the external palatine nerve. C, Palatine, Posterior. See C. , Palato-maxillary. C, Palatine, Smaller. See C. , Palatine, Posterior. C, Palatine, Superior, one formed by the palate bone and the superior maxilla, transmitting the large palatine nerve and blood-vessels. C, Palato-maxillary, one formed by the outer surface of the palate bone and the adjoin- ing surface of the superior maxilla. It transmits the large palatine nerve and blood-vessel. C, Para- gastric, in the Ctehophora, one that branches- off on each side of the funnel, and terminates near the oral extremity of the funnel. C, Parturient, the channel through which the fetus passes in parturition, includ- ing the pelvic canal, and the uterus and vagina con- sidered as a single canal. C, Pelvic, the canal of the pelvis, from the superior to the inferior strait. C. , Pericardio-peritoneal, in some of the lower verte- brates ; canals connecting the pericardium and the peritoneal cavity. C, Perigastric, in the Hydrozoa, two canals running parallel to the stomach, from the infundibulum, and terminating in culs-de-sac near the mouth. C, Peritoneal, in the Plaffiostomata, etc., two canals leading from the peritoneal cavity, one to each side of the cloaca. C, Perivascular, the cir- cumvascular lymph spaces. C. of Petit. Properly, a space, intersected by numerous fine interlacing fibers, existing between the anterior and posterior laminae of the suspensory ligament of the crystalline lens. It extends from the periphery of the lens, nearly to the apices of the ciliary process, and transmits the secre- tion from the posterior chamber. C, Petro-mas- toid, a small canal not always present, situated at the angle of union between the mastoid and petrous bones. It transmits a small vein from the middle fossa of the skull to the transverse sinus. C, Petrosal, two canals CANAL 256 CANAL on the upper surface of the petrous portion of the tem- poral bone, transmitting the large and small superficial petrosal nerves. C, Plasmatic. I. An Haversian canal. 2. In the Teniada, canals given off from the longitudinal vessels, containing a homogeneous fluid which is supposed to serve for the nutrition of the animal. C, Poison, in snakes, the canal in the poi- son-fang, serving for the ejaculation of the venom. C, Pore. See C., Porous. C, Porous, in the ovule, supposed to serve for the entrance of the spermato- zoids in fecundation. C, Portal. See Intralobular, Biliary. C, Preputial, in the lower animals, the sheath of the penis. C, Primitive, the neural canal of the embyro. C, Prosodal, in sponges, a canal connecting the chamber with the prosopyle. C, Pseudostomatous, the processes of branched cells that extend from a sub-epithelial or endothelial layer to the free surface, their free ends forming the pseudo- stomata. C, Pterygoid. SteC, Vidian. C, Ptery- go-palatine, one formed by the root of the internal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and the sphen- oidal process of the palate bone. It transmits the pterygo-palatine vessels and nerve. C, Pulmo- aortic. oee Ductus arteriosus. C, Radial, in the CtenopLora , two canals that branch off laterally from the funnel. Each divides into two (the secondary radial), which themselves divide into two (the tertiary radial), which open into the ctenophoral canals. C. of Recklinghausen, minute channels supposed to exist in all connective tissue, which are directly con- tinuous with the lymphatic vessels, and hence may be said to form their origin. C. of Reissner. See C, Membranous, of the Cochlea. C, Resin. See C , Hesiniferous. C, Resiniferous, a canal in which resin is secreted. C, Rhachidian. See C. , Verte- bral. C. of Rivinus, the duct of the sublingual gland. C. of Rosenthal. See C, Spiral, of the Modiolus, C, Sacculo-cochlear, one connecting the sacculus and the cochlea. C, Sacculo-utricular, one con- necting the sacculus and the utricle. C, Sacral, the continuation of the vertebral canal in the sacrum. C, Sand. See C. , Madreporic. C, Santorini's. See C. of Bernard. C. of Schlemm, an irregular space or plexiform series of spaces occupying the sclero-corneal region of the eye ; it is regarded by some as a venous sinus, by others as a lymph-channel. C, Secretory, an interspace between the cells of vegetable tissue, lined with special cells, secreting va- rious products such as oils, balsams, gum-resins, etc. C, Semicircular, bony canals of the labyrinth of the internal ear. They are three in number, the external, superior, and posterior, and contain the membranous semicircular canals. C, Semicircular, Anterior. See C, Semicircular, Superior. C, Semicircular, Anterior Vertical. See C, Semicircular, Superior. C, Semicircular, External, that one of the semicir- cular canals of the labyrinth having its plane horizon- tal and its convexity directed backward. C, Semi- circular, Frontal. See C, Semicircular, Superior. C, Semicircular, Horizontal. See C, Semicircu- lar, External. C, Semicircular, Inferior. See C, Semicircular, Posterior. C, Semicircular, In- ner. See C, Semicircular, Posterior. C, Semicir- cular, Internal. See C, Semicircular, Posterior. C, Semicircular, Lateral. See C, Semicircular, External. C, Semicircular, Osseous. See C, Semicircular. C., Semicircular, Posterior, that one of the semicircular canals having its convexity directed backward, and its plane almost parallel to the pos- terior wall of the pyramid. C, Semicircular, Pos- terior Vertical. .See C, Se?nicircular, Posterior. C, Semicircular, Sagittal. See C, Semicircular, Posterior. C, Semicircular, Superior, that one of the semicircular canals having its convexity directed toward the upper surface of the pyramid. C, Sem- inal, the seminiferous tubules. C., Serous, any mi- nute canal connected with the lymph vessels and sup- posed to be filled with lymph. C, Sheathing, the communication between the cavity of the tunica vagi- nalis of the testicle and the general peritoneal cavity. It soon closes in man, leaving the tunica vaginalis a closed sac. C, Side, blind canals in the ventral skin of amphioxus, supposed to have a urinary function. C, Spermatic. I. The vas deferens. 2. The ingui- nal canal in the male. C, Spheno-palatine. See C. , Pterygo-palatine. C, Spinal. See C, Vertebral. C, Spiral, of the Cochlea, one that runs spirally around the modiolus, taking two turns and a half, diminishing in size from the base to the apex, and terminating in the cupola. C, Spiral, of the Modio- lus, a small canal winding around the modiolus of the base of the lamina spiralis. C, Spiroid, of the Temporal Bone. See Aqueduct of Fallopius. C. of Stenson. See Stenson's Duct. C, Sternal, in the Crustacea, one formed by the union of the meso- phragms of the endosternites. C. of Stiebel, in cer- tain MoUusca the embryonic renal organ. C. of Stiega. See C. of Laurer. C. of Stilling. See C, Hyaloid, and C, Central, of Spinal Cord. C, Stone. See C. , Madreporic. C, Suborbital. See C, Infraorbital. C, Supraorbital, one at the upper margin of the orbit. It transmits the supraorbital ar- tery and nerve. C, Temporal. See C. , Zygomatico- temporal. C, Temporo-malar. See C., Zygo- matico-temporal. C, Thoracic, the thoracic duct. C. , Tympanic, one that opens on the lower surface of the petrous bone, between the carotid canal and the groove for the internal jugular vein. It transmits Jacobson's nerve. C, Urethro-sexual, in some mammals the vagina and urethra combined. C, Urin- ary, the urethra. C, Uro-genital. See Urogenital Sinus. C, Uterine, the canal of the uterus, including the body and neck. C, Utero-cervical, the cavity of the cervix uteri at the time of labor. C, Utero- vaginal. I. The common canal fonned by the uterus and vagina. 2. In embryology, the duct of Miiller. C, Vaginal, the canal of the vagina. C, Vascu- lar. See C. , Haversian, and C , Cartilage. C, Vec- tor, the oviduct. C, Venous, the ductus venosus. C, Vertebral, the canal fonned by the vertebrae. It transmits the spinal cord and its membranes. C, Vertebrarterial, the osseous canal through which the vertebral artery runs. C, Vestibular. See C, 7«- current. C, Vidian, a canal of the sphenoid bone at the base of the internal pterygoid plate, opening anteriorly into the spheno-maxillary fossa, and pos- teriorly into the foramen lacerum. It transmits the Vidian nerve and vessels. C, Vitelligene, in com- parative anatomy, canals leading to the vitelligene glands. C, Vitellin, a supposed canal leading from the central cavity of the vitellus, in birds' eggs, to the cicatricula. C, Vulvar, the vestibule of the vagina. C, Vulvo-uterine, the vagina. C, Vulvo-vag- inal. I. The vagina and the vulva considered as a single canal. 2. The orifice of the hymen. C, Water- vascular. See C, Aquiferous. C. of Wharton. See Wharton' s Duct. C, White, of Malpighi, in insects, two white convoluted urinary tubules open- ing into the large intestine. C. of Wirsung, the pancreatic duct. C. of Wolff. See Wolffian Duct. C, Yellow, of Malpighi, in insects, two yellowish convoluted tubes opening at the junction of the stom- ach and intestine ; they are regai'ded as urinary. C, Zygomatic. See C, Zygomatico-temporal and C, CANALICULAR 257 CANINE Zygomatico-facial. C, Zygomatico-facial. See C, Malar. C, Zygomatico-temporal, the temporal canal of the malar bone, running from its orbital to its temporal surface. It transmits a branch of the superior maxillary nerve. Canalicular [kan-al-ik' -u-lar) \canalis, a channel]. In biology, canal-shaped. Canaliculization (kan-al-ik-u-liz-a' -shun) [canaliculus, a little canal]. The formation of canaliculi, as in bone, or as in calcified cartilage. Canaliculus (kan-al-ik' -u-lus) [L. : pi., Canaliculi\ A small canal ; especially that leading from the punc- tum to the lachrymal sac of the eye ; and in the plural, the minute canals opening into the lacunae of bone. See Bone. Canalization (kan-al-iz-a'-shun) \canalis, a canal]. 1. The formation of canals, as in tissues, etc. 2. A system of wound-drainage without tubes. C. of the clot, formation of a channel through a clot in a vessel for the passage of the blood-current, occurring from the 50th to the 70th day after ligation. See Cells, Vasifactive. Canarin (kan' -ar-iii). See Pigments, Conspectus of. Canariutn (kan-a' -re-um) [E. Ind. , canari~\, A genus of burseraceous trees and shrubs of warm regions. C, commune affords a part (at least) of the manila elemi, and also a balsam resembling copaiba. Other species yield similar products. Canatillo [kah-nah-til' -yo"). See Tepopote. Cancellate [kan'-sel-at] \cancellare , to provide with a lattice]. Reticulated, or characterized by latticed lines, as the spongy tissue of bones, or certain leaves consisting entirely of veins. Cancellation [kan-sel-a' -shun) \cancelli, lattice-work]. The quality of being cancellate ; cancellous structure. Cancellous [kan' -sel-us) \cancelli, lattice- work]. Re- sembling lattice-work. C. Tissue. See Tissue. Cancellus {kan' -sel-us) \cancelli, lattice- work]. A space, or unit of structure, in cancellous bone ; any one of the minute divisions in spongy bone. The spongy, lattice-work texture of bone. Cancer (kan'-ser). See Carcinoma. C, Alveolar, a carcinoma with an alveolar structure. C. aquaticus. Synonym of Stomatitis, Gangrenous. C.-bandage, a crab-shaped bandage; a split-cloth of eight tails. C.-cell, a peculiar cell sometimes seen in adenoid cancer and in sarcoma. It was formerly thought to be pathognomonic of the malignant quality of a tumor. C, Clay-pipe. See C, Smokers'. C, Colloid, one containing colloid material. C. en cuirasse, dis- seminated lenticular cancer of the skin. C. -Juice, the milky fluid yielded by the cut surface of a hard cancer on scraping. C, Melanotic, a malignant pigmented form. C, Smokers', epithelioma of the lip due to the irritation of a pipe. C.-root, a name of Epiphegus virginiana, Aphyllon uniflorum, Conopholis americana and other plants vaunted as cancer-cures. The above are all either root-para- sites or saprophytes. Unof See Aphyllon. C.-r. Beech-drop, a name for a plant used as a local ap- plication for cancer. C.-weed, Prenanthes alba, a plant. C.-wort, Linuria spuria and L. elatine, European herbs. Cancerate [kan'-ser-dt] [impidpog, a crab]. To become cancerous ; to be developed into a cancer. Canceration [kan-ser-a' -shun) \_iuipKivoq, a crab]. De- velopment into a cancer; the assumption of malig- nant qualities by a tumor. ' Cancerous {kan' -ser-us) [^mpKivog, a crab]. Having the qualities of a cancer ; malignant. Canchalagua (kan-cha-la' -gwah) [Sp.]. A Spanish- American name for various plants, chiefly of the 17 genus Erythrcea, (as E. chilensis, E. venusta, E. tri- chanthd). They are bitter tonics, with the qualities of gentian. Unof. Canchasmus [kan-kaz' -mus) \KayKaafi6q, loud laugh- ter] . Hysterical or immoderate laughter. Cancriform (hang' -krif-orm') [cancer, a crab ; forma, form]. Resembling a cancer in appearance. Cancrisocial [kang-kris-o'-shal) [cancer, a crab; socias, a companion]. In biology, a communalistic associa- tion of sea-anemonies, sponges, molluscs, etc. on the shell inhabited by a hermit crab. Cancrivorous {kang-kriv' -o-rus) [cancer, a crab ; vorare, to eat]. Applied to animals that feed upon crabs. Cancroid (kan^'-kroid) [cancer, a crab]. Cancer-like; semi-malignant. C. Ulcer. See Rodent Ulcer. Cancroin [kan'-kro-in) [cancer, a crab]. A substance (said to be identical with neurin) , introduced by Adam- kiewicz as a material for hypodermatic injection in cases 'of malignant disease, it being regarded by him as an alexin destructive of Cancer-tissue. Cancrophagous {kang-kroff'-ag-us) [cancer, a crab ; (payeiv, to eat]. Same as Cancrivorous. Cancrum ikang'-krum) [L., "a cancer"]. A cancer or rapidly-spreading ulcer. C. Oris, also called Canker of the Mouth, Gangrenous Stomatitis, Noma, Gangrenous Ulceration of the Mouth. It is a disease of childhood between the ages of one and five, char- acterized by the formation of foul, deep ulcers of the buccal surfaces of the cheeks or lips. There is but slight pain, but the prostration is great, and death usually results from exhaustion or blood-poisoning. The disease is generally the result of poor hygienic surroundings acting upon a debilitated system. C. Nasi', gangrenous rhinitis of children. Candela (kan-de'-lah ) [candere, to glow] I. A medi- cated candle for fumigation. 2. A wax bougie. Candle (kan'-dl) [candela, a candle]. A taper; a bougie. C. -berry, the bay-berry, Myrica cerifera, or its waxy fruit, from which a greenish wax is ob- tained. See Myrica. C.-fish Oil. See Eulachoni Oleum. C.-foot. See Unit Quantity of Light. C- house, an establishment in which candles are manufac- tured. C. -power, in photometry, the candle-power of a lamp is measured by the ratio of the illumination of the fight considered to that of a standard, candle, both sources being at the same distance from the object illuminated. Cane Sugar [ksn-shug'-ar). See Saccharum. Canella (kan-el'-ah) [dim. of Canna, a reed]. The bark of C. alba deprived of its corky layer and dried. It is a native of the West Indies and is an aromatic tonic and bitter stomachic. Dose of the powdered- bark, gr. xv-xxx. Officinal in the B. P. Canelle-Brovsrn. Same as Phenylene Brown. Canescent {kan-es' -ent) [canus, white or hoary]. In biology, applied to the gray, hoary or white plumage or fur of animals and to the pubescence of plants. Canestrini, Bacillus of. See Bacteria. Canine (ka' -nln or ka-nin') [canis, a dog]' Partaking of the nature of, relating to, or resembling a dog, or the sharp tearing-teeth of mammals, located between the incisors and the molars. C. APP^tite, bulimia, g. V. C. Kminence, a prominence on the outer side of the upper maxillary bone. C. Fossa. See J'ossa. C. Laugh, a sardonic smile, or grin. C. Madness, rabies, hydrophobia. C. Muscle, the levator anguli oris. See Muscles, Table of. C. Teeth, dentes canini ; cynodontes ; dentes laniarii ; dents angulaires; cuspidati ; conoides ; eye-teeth. The cuspid teeth next to the lateral incisors ; so called from their re- semblance to a dog's teeth. CANINIFORM 258 CANTUS GALLI Caniniform [kan-in' -if-orm) \caninus, pertaining to the dog ; forma, shape] . Applied to teeth resembling canines. Canis [ka'-nis) [L., " a dog"]. I. The dog. 2. A genus of animals. C. rabiosa. Synonym of Hydro- phobia. Canities [kan-ish' -e-li) [Lat.]. Poliosis; hoariness ; hair-blanching; Trichonosis cana; Trichonosis discolor; a premature or senile, partial or universal decoloriza- tion of the hair, the change varying from black or brown through every gradation to the whiteness of wool. This change may be physiologic or pathologic, gradual or rapid, general or confined to localized patches. Canker {kang^-ker^ \cancrum, a cancer]. An ulcera- tion of the mouth, or any ulcerous or gangrenous sore • cancrum oris ; in farriery, a fetid abscess of the horse's foot. ^&t Cancrum Oris. C.-rash, Synonym of Scarlet Fever. Canna [kan'-ah] [mwa, a cane]. A genus of large- leaved marantaceous plants. C. indica, has an acrid and stimulant root ; it is alterative, diuretic and dia- phoretic. Unof. The rhizome of C' speciosa affords canna-starch, or tous-les-mois, a good substitute for true arrow-root. C. Starch. See Tous-les-mois. Cannabene [kan'-ab-en). See Cannabis. Cannabin. See Cannabis. Cannabinin [kan-ab' -in-in) [cannabis, hemp]. A volatile alkaloid from cannabis indica. Cannabinon, Cannabinone [kan-ab^ -in-on) [cannabis, hemp]. An amorphous bitter resinoid from Indian hemp, used as an hypnotic. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. Cannabis (kan'-ab-is) [L.]. Hemp. Indian hemp. The flowering tops of C. sativa, of which there are two varieties, C. indica and C. americana, the former being the more potent. They contain,a resin, cannabin, and a volatile oil, from which are obtained Cannabene CjgHjQ, a light hydrocarbon, &r\H/ydrid of Cannabene , a crystalline body. It is an antispasmodic, anesthetic, narcotic, and a powerful aphrodisiac. In large doses it produces mental exaltation, intoxication, and a sensa- tion of double-consciousness. It is a valuable hypnotic in delirium tremens, and is useful for painful aifections of the'bladder and for functional impotence. Bhang, Gunjah, Churrus, and Hashish are the various Indian names by which the drug is known. Strychnin and faradism are antagonistic. C. Indica, Ext., dose gr. ^-j. C. Ind., Ext. Fid., an alcoholic preparation. Dose tT\^i-v. C. Ind., Tinct., contains 15 per cent, of the drug. Dose rT\,xx-.^j. Cannabin Tannate, the tannate, a glucosid. Dose as a hypnotic gr. v-x. Cannabism (kan' -ab-izm") [cannabis, hemp]. The habitual use of Cannabis indica ; ill-health caused by the misuse of Cannabis indica. Cannabis! (kan'-ab-ist ) [cannabis, hemp]. A devotee to the use of Cannabis indica. Cannel Coal [kan'-el kol). See Coal. Cannoid [kan'-oid) [K&wa, a reed ; ehhf, form]. Tubular, as the skeleton of certain radiolarians. Cannon-bone (kan'-on ban). One of the functional and complete metacarpal or metatarsal bones of a hoofed quadruped, supporting the weight of the body upon the feet. Cannula [kan'-u-lah) [dim. of canna, a tube]. A surgical instrument consisting of a tube or sheath obliquely pointed and a stiletto. It is used for tap- ping and draining tumors and cavities. Cannulated (kan' -u-lai-ed) [cannula, a little tube]. Made hollow : as a cannulated needle. Canauoin's Paste. A paste of flour, water, and zinc chl'orid ; it is a powerful escharotic. Cantani's Diet. An exclusive meat-diet in diabetes. Canterbury Bell (kan' -ter-ber-e bel). See Campanula. Cantering Rhythm (kan' -ter-ing rithm). See Bruii de Galop, Canthal [kan' -thai) [KavB6g, a canthus]. Relating to a canthus. Canthariasis [kan-thar-i' -as-is) [K&vBapoQ, a kind of beetle]. A term proposed by Hope for the diseases that originate from the presence in the body of coleop- terous insects or their larvaa. Cantharidal [kan-thar' -id-al)[Kav6apig, a blistering fly]. Relating to or containing cantharides. Cantharides [kan-thar' -id-lz) . Plural of Cantharis. Cantharidin (fcan-lhar' -id-in) [Kavdapig, a blistering fly], CjjHjjOj. The bitter principle contained in Spanish flies and other insects ; it crystallizes in prisms or leaflets, and melts at 218°. It has an ex- tremly bitter taste, and produces blisters on the skin. See Cantharis. Cantharidism {kan-thar' -id- izm) [KmiQapi^, a blistering fly]. Cantharidal poisoning. Cantharis [kan' -thar-is) [KavBaptf, a blistering fly: fl., Cantharides']. Spanish Fly. The dried body of a species of beetle, C. vesicatoria (nat. ord. Coleopiera). It contains a powerful poisonous principle, cantharidin, CjqHjjOj. Locally applied, cantharis is a rubefacient and vesicant ; internally it is an irritant, causing gastral- gia and vomiting. In toxic doses it produces severe gastro-enteritis, strangury, and priapism. It is used chiefly as an external counter-irritant in the form of "blisters." C, acetum (B. P.), of the strength of gij to Oj. C, Ceratum, cantharides 32, yellow wax 18, resin 18, Urd 22, oil of turpentine 15. C, Ext., Ceratum, cantharides 30, resin 15, yellow wax 35, lard 35, alcohol q. s. C, Charta, cantharides I, Can- ada turpentine I, olive-oil 4, spermaceti 3, white wax 8, water 10 parts. Charta epispastica (B P.), blistering- paper (white wax, spermaceti, olive-oil, resin, Canada balsam, cantharides, distilled water). Collodium cantharidatum, cantharides 60, flexible collodion 85, chloroform q. ». C. cum picis emplast., Warm- ing Plaster, Burgundy pitch 92, cerat. canthar. 8 parts. Emplastrum calefaciens (B. P.), cantharides, ex- pressed oil of nutmeg, yellow wax, resin, resin-plaster, soap-plaster, boiling water. C, emplastrum (B. P.), cantharides, yellow wax, prepared suet, prepared lard, resin. C, liniment., cantharides 15, oil of turpen- tine q. s. ad 100. C. Tinct., contains 5 per cent, of the drug. Dose n\j-xx. C, unguent. (B. P.), can- tharides, yellow wax, olive oil. Carithectomy [kan-thek' -to-me) [Kav66Q, canthus; eKTO/j.^, a cutting out]. Excision of a canthus. Canthitis [kan-thi'-tis) [mv06c, canthus ; ing, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of a canthus. Cantholysis [kan-thol'-is-is] [imvB6g, canthus ; Adffif, a loosening]. Canthotomy with section of the ex- ternal canthal ligament. Canthoplastic [kan-tho-plas' -tik) [mvt)6(, the canthus; vXdaceLv, to form]. Relating to canthoplasty. Canthoplasty [kan' -tho-plas-te) [Kavftdq, the angle of the eye ; 'wUaceiv, to form]. A surgical operation for increasing the size of the palpebral fissure by cutting the outer canthus. Canthorraphy {lian-thor' -a-fe) [KavS6q, canthus ; lia^, a seam]. A surgical operation to reduce the size of the palpebral fissure by suture of the canthus. Canthotomy {kan-thof -o-me) [Kav66i;, canthus ; r(5/iJ/, a cutting]. Surgical division of a canthus. Canthus (kan' -thus) [KavMt;, canthus]. The inner or outer angle formed by the juncture of the eyelids. Cantus galli (kanf -us gal' -i) [L., " cock-crowing"]. Same as Child-cro^uing. CANULA 259 CAPRIFY Canula [kan'-u-lah). See Cannula. Canutillo [kahn-oo-tll'-yo). See Tepopote. Caoutchouc (koo-chook') [S. American]. India-rubber. The chief substance contained in the milky juice that exudes upon incision of a number of tropical trees belonging to the natural orders Euphorbiacece, Arto- carpaceiB, and Apocynacea. The juice is a vegetable emulsion, the caoutchouc being suspended in it in the form of minute transparent globules. When pure, caoutchouc is nearly white, soft, elastic, and glutinous ; it swells up in water without dissolving ; the best solvents are carbon disulphid and chloroform. It melts at about 150° C. , and decomposes at 200° C. Capacity (kap-as' -it-e) [capacitas, capacity]. Mental receptivity ; pas.sive (or active) mental capability ; moral or legal responsibility. C, Vital. See Vital. Capax Doli {ka'-paks do'-li\. See Doli Capax. Capelina {kap-el-i'-nah). See Capistrum, Capeline [kap' -el-ifi). See Bandage. Capeman's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Caper (ka'-per). See Capparis. Capiat {ka'-pe-at) [L., "let it take]. An instrument intended for use in removing remnants of the placenta, polypi, or the like, from the uterine cavity. Capillaire [kap-il-Sr') [Fr.]. T^e^\a,ntAdiantum capil- lus veneris, a species of maiden-hair fern ; also a cough-syrup prepared from the same. See Adiantum. Capillarity (kap-il-ar' -ii-e) [capillus, a hair] . Capillary attraction : the force that causes fluids to rise in fine tubes or bores, or in very thin chinks. In an electric battery, the disturbing effects of the proper action of a voltaic cell caused by capillary action. Capillary (kap'-il-a-re, ox kap-il' -ar-e) [capillus, a hair]. I. A minute blood-vessel connecting the smallest ramifications of the arteries with those of the veins. Also a very minute fissure of the skull. Also the intercellular biliary passages. 2. Hair-hke : relating to a hair, or (o a hair-like filament, or to a. tube with a hair-like bore. C. Attraction capillarity. C. Bron- chitis. See Bronchitis. C. Embolism. See Embo- lism. C. Fissure, C. Fracture, a linear fracture, without displacement. C. Nevus. See Ncevus Vas- cularis. C. Pulse, a visible change of color or an artificial blush in aortic regurgitation. C. Vessels, the capillaries. Capillaries, Meigs's, branching capillaries discovered by A. V. Meigs in the human heart. C, Pulmonary, a name used to designate the plexuses beneath the mucous membrane, on the walls and septa of the alveoli of the lungs. Capilli (kap-il'-i) [Plural of Capillus, hair]. In biol- ogy, applied to the hairs on the front and top of an insect's head. Capilliculture (kap-il' -e-kul-chur) [capillus, hair; cul- tura, culture]. Systematic treatment for the improve- ment or restoration of the hair. Capilliculus [kap-il-ik' -u-lus) [dim. of capillus: pi, Capilliculi\. Any one of the very smallest of the capillary vesicles. Capillifolious [kap-il-if-o' -le-us) [capilltis, "have ; folium, a leaf]. Characterized by hair-like leaves. Capilliform (kap-il' -if-orm) [capillus, hair ; forma, form]. Hair-shaped. Capillitium [kap-il-ish' -e-um) [capillus, the hair]. In biology, the hair-like threads within the spore-cases of many fungi. Capillus [kap-il' -m) [L. ; pi, CapilW]. A hair; the hair of the head. Capistrum (kap-is' -truni) [L., a muzzle or halter: pi., Capistra']. I. A bandage for the head or for the lower jaw. Cg,]Hed also Capelina. 2. In biology, a mask or hood-like coloration of the face and part of the head in certain birds. Capital [kap'-it-al) [caput, the head]. I. Pertaining to the head, or to the summit of a body or object. 2. Of great importance ; as a capital operation in surgery. Capitalis reflexa [kap-it-a' -lis refieks'-ah). A recur- rent bandage for a stump. Capitate (kap'-it-at) [caput, head]. In biology, hav- ing a head or a head-like termination. Capitellate (kap-it-el'-at) [capilellum, a little head]. In biology, bearing small heads. Capitellum [kap-it-el' -um) [dim. of caput"]. The rounded, external surface of the lower end of the humerus. Capitiluvium (kap-it-el-u' -ve-um) [caput, head ; lucre, to wash]. A washing or bathing of the head; a wash for the head. Capitopedal [kap-it-o-ped' -al) [caput, a head; pes, foot]. In biology, pertaining to or near the junction of the head and foot. Capitular (kap-if -u-lar) [caput, head]. Pertaining to a capitulum or head. C. Process of a vertebra, one with which the head of a rib articulates. Capitulum {kap-if -u-lum) [capitulum, a small head]. In anatomy and biology, the enlarged terminal por- tion of an organ, plant, or animal, as the head of a bone ; the enlarged free portion of a stalked animal ; the knobbed end of an antenna or of an insect' s poiser ; a dense cluster or head of flowers, leaves, or spores in plants. C. of Santorini, a small elevation on the apex of the arytenoid cartilage corresponding in posi- tion to the posterior extremity of the vocal band. Cappa (kap'-ah ) . The ectocinereal lamina of the mesen - cephal. Cappagh Brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Capparis (kapZ-ar-is) [L., the caper-bush]. A genus of shrubs including the caper-bush, C. spinosa. Its flower-buds (capers) are pickled, or--made into a piquant sauce. The bark of the root and the flowers are official remedies in some countries (as Spain) ; it is diuretic, cathartic, depurative, stimulant. Unof. Cappazwoli's Test. See Tests, Table of. Capped Elbow (kapdel'-bow). See Shoe-boil. Capped Hock (kapd' hok). In farriery, the develop- ment of a bruise at the point of the hock of a horse, with the formation of an hygroma, the result of rub- bing or striking that part against the partition of the stall. Capped Knee {kapd' ne). A dropsical collection in the bursa in front of the knee-joint of the horse. Capranica's Tests. See Tests, Table of. Caprantilopine [kap-ran-til'-o-pin) [capra, a she-goat ; antilopinus,arAe\o^t\. Uniting the characters of a goat and an antelope. Capre [kap'-er). See Mulatto. Capreolar (kap-re'-o-lar), CapTSola.Ty [kap'-re-o-la-re), Capreolate (kap' -re-o-ldt') [capreolus, a tendril]. In biology, climbing, furnished with tendrils; in anatomy, resembling tendrils, as the spermatic vessels, vasa capreolaria. C. Vessels, the spermatic vessels, from their twined and twisted appearance. Capreolus (kap-re' -o-lus) [capreolus, a wild goat ; a tendril of a plant]. I. A buck or he-goat. 2. The tendril of a plant. Capric Acid (kap'-rik as' -id) . See Acid. Caprification {kap-rif-ik-a' -shun) [caprificus, the wild- fig tree]. In biology, the process of hastening ferti- lization and ripening of cultivated figs by the introduc- tion of gall-insects, by hanging a branch of the wild fig in the tree, or planting a wild fig in the midst of the fig orchard. Caprify (kap'-rif-i) [caprificus, the wild-fig tree]. To fertilize by means of Caprification, q. v. CAPRILOQUIUM 260 Capriloquium [kafi-ril-o' -kwe-um) [caper, a goat j loqui, to speak]. Same as Egophony. Caprin (kap'-rin) [caper, a goat]. An oily and flavor- ing constituent of butter ; glycerin caprate. Caproic Acid (kap-ro'-ik as' -id). See Acid. Caprolactone (kap-ro-lak' -tori) [caper, a goat ; lac, milk], CjHjjOj. A compound obtained from brom- caproic acid on heating the latter with water. It is a liquid boiling at 200°. Caprone (^a/'-ro«) [caper, a goaX], C^^H^fi. Caproic ketone ; a clear, volatile oil found in butter, and form- ing the larger part of the oil of rue. CsLpioylamin (iap-ro-il'-am-in) [caper, a goat; amin\, CjHjjN. Hexylamin. A ptomaine found in the putre- faction of yeast. Caprylic Acid [kap-ril'-ik as' -id). See Acid. Capsella {kap-sel' -ah) [dim. of capsa, a box]. The leaves and stems of C. bursa pasioris, common in tem- perate climates. It is considered an excellent hemo- static and antiscorbutic, and is slightly stimulant and astringent. Unof C. bursa pastoris. See Shep- herd^ s Purse. Capsicin (kap'-sis-in), C9Hj^02. The active principle of Cayenne pepper. It is a thick, yellowish-red sub- stance, scarcely flowing at ordinary temperatures, but becoming very limpid if warmed. See Capsicum. Ca-psicol [hap' -si^-oi) [capsicum; o/eum, oi\^. A red oil obtainable from the oleo-resin of capsicum. Csipsicura (hap' -sih-um) [capsa, a. hox; gen., Capsici'\. Cayenne Pepper. The fruit of C. fastigiatum, native to tropical Africa and America. Its odor and hot taste are due to a volatile oil, capsicin, CgH^^Oj, which is irritant to the skin and mucous membranes. Internally, it is a stomachic tonic, diuretic and aphrodisiac. It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, flatulent colic, and in in- termittent fever. C, emplastrum, prepared from the oleoresin and resin plaster. C, Ext. Fid. Dose n\,v-gj. C, liniraentum, l in 10, for chest affec- tions, rheumatism, etc. C, Oleoresin, Ethereal. Dose nij-v. C, Tinct., contains 5 P^i' cent, of capsicum. Dose n\,x— ,^j. Capsitis (kap-si'-iis). Same as Capsulitis. Capsula (kap' -su-lah) [capsula, a small box]. The in- ternal capsule of the brain ; it is the thick layer of fibers between the caudatum and thalamus mesad and the lenticula laterad ; it is continuous with the crura caudad, and its expansion is called the corona. Capsxilar {hap' -su-lar) [(ra^.r«/a;, a smallbox]. Pertain- ing to a capsule. C. Artery, the middle suprarenal artery. See Arteries, Table of. C. Ligament, the sac or membranous bag that surrounds every movable joint or articulation. It contains the synovial fluid. C. Vein, the supra- renal vein. See Vein. Capsule (iap'-sal) [dim. of capsa, a chest]. A tunic or bag that encloses a part of the body or an organ. In biology, the investment of a part or organ, as a de- hiscent pod or seed-vessel, the egg-case of an insect, the test of a radiolarian. Also, in pharmacy, a small, spheroidal shell composed of glycerin and gelat n, divided so that the parts fit together like a box and cover. It is used for the administration of nauseous and repulsive medicines. C, Bonnet's, the posterior portion of the sheath of the eyeball. C, Bowman's. See Bowman's Capsule. C, External, a layer of white nerve-fibers forming part of the external bound- ary of the lenticular nucleus. C. -filler, a contrivance consisting of a funnel, tube and plunger, or other device, used for introducing medicines into capsules. C. of Glisson, the cellulo-vascular membrane envel- oping the hepatic vessels. C, Internal, a layer of nerve-fibers beneath and on the inner side of the optic thalamus and caudate nucleus, which it separates CARANNA from the lenticular nucleus, and containing the con- tinuation upward of the crus cerebri. C. of the Lens, a transparent, structureless membrane enclosing the lens of the eye. C, Malpighian, the commence- ment of the uriniferous tubules. See Malpighian Bodies. C, Suprarenal, the ductless glandular body at the apex of each kidney. C. of Tenon, the tunica vaginalis of the eye. Capsuliferous [hap-siil-if' -er-us) [capsula. a little box ; /e?-re, to bear]. In biology, producing capsules. Capsulitis (kap-su-W -tis) [capsula, a small box ; (T(f, inflammation]. Inflammation of the capsule of the lens, or of the fibrous capsule of the eyeball. Capsulo-ciliary (kap-su-lo-sil' -e-a-re) [capsula, a little box ; cilium, an eyelid]. Relating to the capsule of the lens and to the ciliary organ. Capsulogenous {kap-sul-oj' -en-us) [capsula, a little box; gena, bom]. Capsule-producing, as the cocoon or capsule-glands of the earthworm. Capsulo-lenticular (hap-su-lo-len-tih' -u-lar) [capsula, a little box ; lenticula, a lentil]. Relating to the lens and to its capsule. Capsulo-pupillary (kap-su-lo-pu' -pil-a-re) [capsula, a little box ; pupilla, the pupil of the eye]. Relating to the capsule of the lens and to the pupil. Capsulotome (hap'-su-lo-tom). See Cystotome. Capsulotomy [hap-su-lof -o-me) [capsula, a capsule ; T€/iveiv, to cut]. The operation of rupturing the capsule of the crystalline lens in cataract-operations. Captage (cap-tahj) [Fr.]. The measures to be applied to a natural spring of water, to secure the entire pro- duct of the spring, and the purity of the water, by the prevention of any admixture of deleterious or foreign matter. Captation {kap-ta' -shun) [captare, to desire]. The first or opening stage of the hypnotic trance. Capucin Madder (kap'-u-sin mad'-er). See Pigments, Conspectus of. Capuron, Cardinal Points of. See Pelvis. Caput [kap'-tit) [L. ]. I. The head; also the chief part or beginning of an organ. 2. The cephalic or precomual portion of the caudatum of the prosen- cephal. C. coli, the head of the colon. C. cornu posterioris. Same as C. gelatinosum. C. gallina- ginis. See Verumontanum. C. gelatinosum, the name given to the translucent gray matter covering the dorso-mesal periphery of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. It is a nervous substance composed of numerous closely crowded nerve-elements, with an intricate intervening plexus of very fine nerve-fibrils, derived from the dorsal (posterior or " sensory") nerve-roots. C. medusae. See Medusce, Caput. C. obstipum. Synonym of Wry-neck. C. quadratum, the rectan- gular head of rickets, flattened upon the top and at the sides, with projecting occiput and prominent frontal bosses. C. succedaneum, a tumor composed of a sero-sanguineous infiltration of the connective tissue situated upon the presenting part of the fetus. Caraboid (kar' -ab-oid) [KipajSog, a carabus ; eUog, form]. In biology, the second larval stage of certain insects. Carajura (kar-ah-ju' -rah) [Brazil]. Same as Chica Red. Caramania Gum. Set Bassora Gum. Caramel (kar'-am-el) [Fr. , burnt sugar]. Cane-sugar deprived of two molecules of water. It is a viscid, brown-colored liquid. Q.a.xa.nnaiikar-an'-ali) [Sp. , rara^fl]. An aromatic oleo- resin produced by the tree Protium carana, of trop- ical America; it was formerly used in plasters; also a name for similar gummy resins from Idea altissima, Bursera acuminata, etc., all tropical American trees. CARAPA 261 CARBOHYDRATE Carapa (kar'-ap-aK) \caraipi, a native Guiana name], A genus of tropical meliaceous trees. C. gui- anensis has an antispasmodic and febrifuge bark, and its seeds afford carapa oil, a protective against insects and vermin. C. touloucouna, of W. Africa, and C. indica, of Asia, have similar properties. Unof Carate [kah-rah' -te) [S. America], i. A skin-disease local in tropical America, marked by blue, brown, scarlet, or rosy patches on the skin ; it is usually confined to persons not of the white race. 2. A kind of camphor produced in S. America from the plant Momordica charantia. Carauna [kar-aw'-naK). See Caranna. Caraway {kar'-ah-wa). See Carum. Carbacidometer (karb-as-id-om' -et-er) \carbo, a coal; acidum, acid; /lirpov, a measure]. A form of air- tester for estimating the amount of carbonic acid gas in the atmosphere of a room or compartment. Carbamic Acid {kar-ba-m'-ik as'-id). See Acid. Carbamid [kar'-bam-id, ax -mid) \carbo, a coal ; amid'\ , CH4N.^0. Urea. Amid of carboxyl. It is prepared from urine, and crystallizes in long, rhombic prisms or • needles that have a cooling taste. It is soluble in one part of cold water and in five parts of alcohol, but almost insoluble in ether; it melts at 132°; at a higher temperature it decomposes into ammonia, ammelid, biuret, and cyanuric acid; it is found in urine and in various animal fluids. Carbanil (kar' -ban-it) \carbo, a coal ; anilin\ , CjHjNO. Phenyl isocyanate ; a compound produced in the distillation of oxanilid. It is a mobile liquid, boiling at 163°, and has a pungent odor, provoking tears. Carbanilamid [kar ban-il' -am-id) \carbo, a coal ; ani- lin ; amid'\, C,H8N2. Phenylurea; prepared by evaporating the aqueous solution of anilin hydrochlo- rid and potassium isocyanid. It forms needles easily soluble in hot water, alcohol, and ether, and melting at 144-145°- . Carbanilid (kar-ban' -il-id) \carbo, coal ; anilin\ , CjjHijNijO. Diphenyl urea ; a compound formed by the action of phosgene gas on anilin, or by heating carbanilamid with anilin to 190°. It consists of silky needles, easily soluble in alcohol and ether, but sparingly soluble in water, and melts at 235°. Carbasus (kar' -bas-us) \Kikp^aaa, cotton]. Gauze; thin muslin used in surgery. C. carbolata (N. F.), carbolized gauze. C. iodoformata (N. F.), iodo- form gauze. Carbazol (liar' -baz-ol) [carbo, coal ; azotum, nitrogen], Cj.^HjN, Diphenylimid ; a body produced when the vapors of anilin are conducted through a tube heated to redness. It is a by-product in the manufacture of anilin. It dissolves in hot alcohol, ether, and benzene, and crystallizes in colorless leaflets that melt at 238°. Carbazotate (kar-baz-o' -tat) [carbo, a coal; azotum, nitrogen]. Same as Picrate. Carbazotic Acid (kar-baz-ot'-ik). See Picric Acid. Carbo [knr'-bo) [L.]. A coal; charcoal. C. ani- malis, animal charcoal ; bone-black ; it is used in pharmacy and in manufacturing chemistry largely as a decolorizing-agent and as a filter. C. animalis puri- ficatus, purified animal charcoal. C. ligni, wood- charcoal ; an absorbent, disinfectant, and deodorizer, used in poulticing wounds and dressing ulcers. Given powdered, in capsules, it relieves gastric irritation. Carbohydrate (kar-bo-hV -drat) [carbo, coal ; iiSup, water]. An organic substance containing hydrogen and oxygen in the proportion in which they form water : that is, twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms, and usually six carbon atoms or some multiple of six. The carbohydrates form a large group of interesting organic compounds, and may be arranged into three groups ; the glucoses {monoses) ; the disaccharids , or sugars ; and the polysaccharids. The glucoses are the aldehyd-derivatives or ketone-derivatives of the hexa- hydric alcohols, into which they may be converted by the absorption of two hydrogen atoms. They are mostly crystalline substances, very soluble in water, but dissolving with difficulty in alcohol. They possess a sweet taste The disaccharids and poly- saccharids are ethereal anhydrids of the glucoses. All of them may be converted into the glucoses by hydrolytic decomposition. The disaccharids are ether-like anhydrids of the hexoses. A Table of Carbohydrates is added. C, Test for. See Tests, Table of. SERIES OF THE CARBOHYDRATES. I. GLUCOSES. Name. Formula. Fermentation. Optic Activity. Reducing Power. Monoses. Glycerose CsHeOs Erythrose C4H8O4 . . . Pentoses. Arabinose, CsHioOb Unfermentable. Reduces Fehling's solution. Xylose CsHioOs Unfermentable. Reduces Fehling's solution. Rhamnose C«Hi206 Unfermentable. Reduces Fehling's solution. Hexoses. Mannose CeHijOe Fermented by yeast. Exists in three forms : 1, dextro-rotatory; 2, levo-rotatory ; 3, inactive. Reduces Fehling's solution. Glucose, . . CeHisOe Fermented by yeast. Exists in three forms ; 1, dextro-rotatory; 2, levo-rotatory; 3, inactive. Reduces Fehling's solution. Galactose, CeHnOe Fermented by yeast. Dextro-rotatory. Reduces Fehling's solution. Fructose CeHijOe Fermented by yeast. Levo-rotatary. Reduces Fehling's solution. CARBOHYDRATE 262 CARBOHYDRATE SERIES OF THE CARBOnYBRATES.— Continued. I. GLUCOSES. Name. Formula. Fermentation. Optic Activity. Reducing Power. Sorbinose, CaHisOe Unfermentableby yeast. Reduces Fehling's solution. Methyl-hexose, . . . CtHmOs Heptoses. Mauno-heptose, . . CtHhOt Un fermentable by yeast. Gluco-heptose, . . . C7H14O7 U n f e r m e n t ab 1 e by yeast. Gala-heptose, .... C7H14O7 Unfermentableby yeast. Methyl-heptose, . . CaHifiOT Unfermentable by yeast. Octoses. Manno-octose, . . CaHiflOa Unfermentable by yeast. Nonoses. Manno-nonose, . . . C9H18O9 Fermented by yeast. . . . Reduces Fehling's solution. DISACCHARIDS. Saccharose (Cane-Su- gar), C12H22O11 Unfermentable by yeast. Dextro-rotatory. Does not reduce Fehling's solution. Lactose (Milk-Sugar), CiaHsaOn + H^O Fermented by yeast. Dextro-rotatory. Reduces Fehling's solution on boiling. Maltose, CisHsaOn + H2O Fermented by yeast. Dextro-rotatory. Reduces Fehling's solution. Mycose (Trehalose), . CiaHsaOn -|- 2H2O Fermented by yeast. Dextro-rotatory . Does not reduce Fehling's solution. Melebiose, CiaHasOn . . . 3. TRISACCHARIDS. Melitose (Rafiinose), . CieHaaDie + 5H2O Fermented by yeast. Dextro-rotatory. Does not reduce Fehling's solution. Melezitose C,8Hs20,6+2HjO Dextro-rotatory. 4. POLYSACCHARIDS. Name. Formula. Optic Activity. loDiN Reaction. Reducing Power and Fer- mentation. Starch (Amylum), CeHioOfi, or CaoHoaOai Dextro-rotatory. Blue coloration. Fermentable. Paramylum, . . CflHioOs Negative. Lichenin (Moss-starch), CcHioOa Dextro-rotatory. Dirty blue color. Inulin, ... CeHioOs Yellow color. Glycogen (Animal starch), CeHioOfi Dextro-rotatory. Reddish-brown color. Fermentable. Cellulose, C12H20O10 Dextro-rotatory. Blue color. The Gums. Dextrin, CeHioOfi Dextro-rotatory. Does not reduce Fehling's solu- tion. Unfermentable. Arabin, (CoH,o06)2+H20 Dextro-rotatory. Does not reduce Fehling's solu- tion, Unfermentable. Bassorin (Vegetable Gum) CeHioOs Dextro-rotatory. Does not reduce Fehling's solu- tion. Unfermentable. VM iM CARBOHYDRATURIA 263 CARCINOMA Carbohydraturia (kar-ho-hi-drat-u' -re-ah) [carbohy- drate ; ovpov, urine]. The presence of an abnormally- large proportion of carbohydrates in the urine. Carbolic [kar-bol'-ik ) \_carbo, a coal ; oleum, oil] . Containing or derived from coal-tar oil. C. Acid. See Acid, Carbolic. C. Mask, Curschmann's res- pirator for use in fetid bronchitis. It is fastened in front of the nose and . mouth, and contains cotton in a special receptacle, impregnated with carbolic acid, equal parts of carbolic acid and alcohol, turpentine, creasote, etc. Carbolism {kar' -bol-iziri) \carbo, a coal ; oleum, oil] . Carbolic-acid poisoning : a diseased state induced by the misuse or maladministration of carbolic acid. CacbaWz^ {kar'-bol-iz)\carbo,&cos\.; oleum, oA'^. To impregnate with carbolic acid. To render aseptic or antiseptic by the use of carbolic acid. Carboluria [kar-bol-u' -re-ah ) \carbo, a coal ; oleum, oil; oipov, urine]. The presence of carbolic acid in the urine, producing a dark discoloration. It is one of the signs of carbolic-acid poisoning. Carbon (iar'-ion) [carbo, chaicoaX], Charcoal. C^ 12 ; quantivalence 11, IV. A non-metal occurring in the various forms of diamond, graphite or " black lead," and charcoal. In medicine only the last named form is employed, which may be, — C, Animal, useful as a deodorant and disinfectant, as it readily absorbs and aids in oxidizing many gases. It is used internally to absorb fermenting products of digestion. Carbo animal., purificat., purified animal charcoal. Dose gr.xx-g j. C. Cataplasma (B. P.), charcoal poultice ; wood-charcoal I, bread-crumb I, linseed meal 3, boiling water 20. C. dioxid, the acid, gas- eous product, having the composition of COj, com- monly known as " carbonic acid gas," or carbonic acid. It is a colorless gas having a sp. gr. of 1.52, soluble in cold water, and possessing a pungent smell and an acid taste. Inhaled, it destroys animal life by asphyxiation. In solution, it is an excellent refrigerant and stomachic. Its inhalation is fatal in a short time, even when diluted with 95 parts of air. It is a pro- duct of respiration. It is used in medicine for inhala- tion in whooping cough, asthma, and to stop hiccough. It is also used as a local anesthetic in minor surgery. C. disulphid, bisulphid of carbon, CS2, a colorless, transparent liquid of offensive odor, highly inflamma- ble, very poisonous. A good solvent for caoutchouc. A diluted spray of it is recommended in diphtheria. Dose tt\^ss-j. Carbo ligni, wood charcoal. C. mon- oxid, CO, carbonic oxid, a colorless, tasteless, and inodorous gas, one of the products of imperfect com- bustion. When inhaled it is actively poisonous. C. tetrachlorid, CCl^, anesthetic, recommended locally for asthma, by inhalation. Unof. See Anesthetic. C. oxysulphid, a body, COS, formed by conducting sulphur vapor and carbon monoxid through red-hot tubes ; it is a colorless gas, with a faint and peculiar odor. It unites readily with air, forming an explosive mixture. It is soluble in an equal volume of water. It is present in the waters of some mineral springs. Carbonaphtholic Acid {kar-bon-af-thol'-ik). See Acid alpha-oxynaphthoic. Carbonemia [kar-bon-e' -me-ah) [carbon, charcoal; dliia, the blood]. A word denoting the accumulation of carbon dioxid in the blood. Carbonic Acid [kar-bon'-ik as^-id). See Carbon di- oxid. Carbonis detergens. Liquor. See Pix. Carbonization \kar-bon-iz-a' -shun) [carbo, coal]. The process of decomposing organic substances by heat without air, until the volatile products are driven off and the carbon remains. Carbonyl (kar' -bon-il \ [carbo, charcoal]. A hypo thetic organic radical having the formula CO. Carbostyril (kar-bo-stir'-il) [carbo, charcoal; styrax, storax], CgHjNO. Oxyquinolin; a compound pre- pared by digesting quinolin with a bleaching-lime solu- tion. It crystallizes from hot water in tine needles, and from alcohol in large prisms, that melt at 198-199°. Carboxyl [kar' -boks-il) [carbo, charcoal ; 6fff, sharp]. The atomic group, CO.OH, characteristic of the organic acids. The hydrogen of this can be replaced by metals, forming salts. Carbuncle, or Carbunculus (kar'-bung-kel, or kar- bung' -ku-lus) [carbo, a live coal]. A hard, circum- scribed, deep-seated, painful inflammation of the sub- cutaneous tissue, accompanied by chill, fever, and constitutional disturbance. It differs from a boil in having greater size, a flat top, and several points of suppuration. It is erroneously called anthrax. Carbuncular {kar-bung' -ku-lar) [carbo, a live coal]. Pertaining to a carbuncle. C. Disease. See An- thracosis. Carbunculo contagioso. Synonym of Anthrax. Carbyl (kar'-bil) [carbo, charcoal; vkri, matter]. A name given by Magnus to the hydrocarbon ethylene when it acts as a basic radical. Carbylamin [kar-bil' -am-in) [carbo, charcoal ; amin"] . I. A name for hydrocyanic acid. 2. One of a series of compounds parallel to, and isomeric with, the nitrites, characterized by their ready decomposition by dilute acids into formic acid and amins. They are colorless liquids that can be distilled, and possess an exceedingly disgusting odor. They are sparingly soluble in water, but readily soluble in alcohol and ether. Carcassonne's Lig-ament. See Ligament. Carcerule [kar'-ser-ool) [career, a prison]. In biology, a many-celled, many-seeded, indehiscent pericarp. Carcharodont(^a?--^fl:;-''-o-fl'oK^)[«:d/[);fa/DOf, sharp, jagged; oSoiic, tooth]. In biology, having compressed, tren- chant, acute, pointed teeth, as sharks and snakes. Carcinoid [kar'-sin-oid) [KapKivoc, a crab ; sZdof, shape]. In biology, crab-like. Carcinology [kar-sin-oV -o-je^ [KapKivoQ, a crab ; Myeiv, to speak]. The systematized knowledge of crusta- ceans, or crabs, etc., a department of zoology. Carcinoma [kar-sin-o'-mah') [Kaptcivu/na ; KnpKivoQ, a crab, thus called from the appearance of the veins]. A malignant tumor, characterized by a network of connective tissue whose areolae are filled with cell- masses resembling epithelial cells. See Tumors, Table of. C, Chimney-Sweepers'. See Epithe- lioma. C, colloid (Alveolar), affects chiefly the alimentary canal, uterus, peritoneum, etc.; the deli- cate connective-tissue stroma is filled with colloid matter in alveoli, or cysts. C. cutis, cancer of the skin. See Epithelioma. C, desmoid. See Hodg- kin's Disease. C, encephaloid, is of rapid growth, with a small amount of stroma, large alveoli, and greater amount of cells and blood-vessels. Hematcdd (bloody). Osteoid (in bones). Villous (papillary), etc., are other varieties, encephaloid in character, C, epitheliomatous, or squamous-celled, the cells resemble squamous epithelium, and they invade the adjacent tissue in a columnar manner. C. lenticulare, the most common form of cutaneous scirrhus. It begins as small, shot-sized, flattish, red papules, that enlarge to the size of a pea, bean, or filbert, most of them projecting above the surface, while others are subcutaneous. They are generally seated on a red or violaceous surface, and these coalesce into large irregular masses that sooner or later break down, ulcerate, and fungate, sometimes bleeding profusely. CARCINOMATOUS 264 CARDIOCELE The patient soon dies of exhaustion. C, lipomat- ous, contains cells intiltrated with fat. C, medullary. Same as C, Encephaloid . C. tnelanodes, similar to C. Lenticulare, but marked by dark-blue, brown or black papules, that break into fungous growths. C, melanotic, has cells filled with dark pigment. C, scirrhous, or Hard, most commonly in the breast ; it has a stout fibrillated stroma, closely packed with large nucleated cells. C. tuberosum, a rarer form of cutaneous scirrhus in which the nodules are of a larger size, even up to that of a hen's egg. The patient speedily dies of exhaustion consequent upon ulceration of the tubercles. C, Stiles's Test for; the excised part is washed in a five per cent, solution of nitric acid for ten minutes, washing it then in cold water for five minutes. The carcinomatous tissue appears a dull- white, the normal tissue translucent. Carcinomatous {kar-sin-o^ -mat-us) [_KapKLVog, a crab]. Relating to or affected with carcinoma. Carcinomorphic (kar-sin-o-mor' -fik\ [^Kapxivog, a crab ; _ /iop(j>^, form]. In biology, resembling a crab. Carcinophagous (karsin-off' -ag-us) [icap/a'i'Of, a crab ; (payelv, to eat] . Feeding upon crabs and other crus- taceans. Carcinosis {kar-sin-o' -sis) [Kapnivog, a crab] . i . A can- cerous cachexia ; a tendency to the development of malignant disease. 2. A form of cancer, usually fatal, beginning generally in the uterus or the stomach and spreading to the peritoneum. C, Acute, rapidly fatal carcinosis. C, Miliary, carcinosis in minute foci. Carcinus [kar' -sin-US') [/capKiVof,crab]. Same as Crt«- cer, or Carcinoma. Cardamom [tar' -dam-om) . See Cardamomum. Cardamomum {kar-dam-o^ -mu77i) [L. ; i.en. Carda- momi]. Cardamom. The fruit of £/rf^ana r^^«.r, cul- tivated in Malabar. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, CjjHji.. It is an aromatic, carminative stomachic, used as an ingredient of several " bitters." It is useful ■when combined with purgatives to prevent griping. C, infusum. Unof. Consists of cardamom gj, water Oyi. Dose a wineglassful. C, Tinct., lo per cent, strength. Dose 3J-ij. C, Tinct. Comp., cardamom 20, cinnamon 20, caraway 10, cochineal 5, glycerin 60, dilute alcohol, q. s. ad 1000 parts. Dose 3J-i)- Cardan's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Cardia (kar'-de-ah) [/capiS/a, the heart]. The heart. C. of the Stomach, the esophageal orifice of the stomach. Cardiac {kar'-de-ak) [/caprf/a, the heart]. Pertaining to • the heart. C. Aspect, that nearest the heart. C. Cycle, the total cardiac movement or revolution. C. Dropsy. See Dropsy. C. Dulness, the region covering the position of the heart, as shown by percussion. C. Dysp- nea. See Dyspnea. C. Epilepsy, a rare affec- tion, with intense pain in the region of the heart, occurring in paroxysms. This paroxysm usually follows a momentary loss of consciousness, and at times is associated with twitching of the facial muscles and other spas- modic movements. C. Ganglia, lie in the grooves and substance — the Cardiac Cycle. The inner circle shows the events that occur in the heart ; the outer cii-cle shows the relations of the sounds and silences to the events. Facies. See Fades. principal are Remak's and Bidder's, the first on the surface of the sinus venosus, and the latter (two) at the auriculo-ventricular groove. See Ganglia' Table of. C. Impulse, the elevation caused by the movement of the heart, usually seen in the fifth left intercostal space. C. Murmurs. See Murmurs. C. Orifice, of the stomach, the esophageal orifice. C. Passion, pain in the heart, or the stomach. C. Plexus. See Plexus. C. Rhythm, the term given to the normal regularity in the force and volume of the individual heart-beats. In cases of cardiac in- sufficiency this regularity is disturbed to a greater or less degree, as is also the interval between the beats, and this condition has been termed arrhythmia. The name allorrhythmia has been applied to various per- versions of rhythm. These abnormal conditions are d\ie very probably to some derangement of the intrinsic nerve-apparatus of the heart, and are considered as un- favorable indications. Cardiagra (kar-de-a' -grah) [/ca/D(Si'a, heart ; aypn, seiz- ure]. Gouty attack of the heart. Cardialgia (kar-de-al' -je-ah) [/capdm, heart; akyo^, pain]. A term loosely used as a synonym of gastro- dynia in general, heartburn, and stomachic pains on the left side. Cardiamorphia (kar-de-atn-or'-fe-ah) [jiapSia, heart; d priv. ; jMipipri, form]. Deformity or malformation of the heart. Cardianastrophe (kar-de-an-as' -tro-fe) \Kap6la, heart ; avaarpofli, a turning back]. Displacement of the heart to the right side of the chest. Cardianeuria {kar-de-ah-nu' -re-ah) [^xapdia, heart; a priv. ; VEvpov, a nerve]. Lack of nerve-stimulus to the heart. Csiiiani [iar'-de-ant) [/capdio, the heart]. I. Affect- ing the heart. 2. A remedy that affects the heart. Cardiarctia Uiar-de-ark' -te-ah) [/capdia, heart ; arctus, bound]. Cardiac stenosis. Cardiasthma (kar-de-aa' -mali) \Kap6ia, heart ; aaO/ja, asthma] . Dyspnea or so-called asthma due to heart- disease. Cardiatelia (kar-de-ah-te' -le-ah). See Atelocardia. Cardiatrophia (kar-de-at-ro-' -fe-ah) [(captSia, heart; arpoifia, wasting]. Atrophy of the heart. Cardiauxe (kar-de-awks'-e) [KapSla, heart ; al^ri, in- crease]. Enlargement of the heart. Cardicentesis [kar-de-sen-te' -sis). See Cardiocentesis. Cardiechema [kar-de-ek-e'-mah) [napSla, heart ; f/x^f"! sound ; //. , Cardiechematd]. A sound produced in or by the heart. Cardiectasis (kar-de-ek' -tas-is) [mpSia, heart ; IxTaaig, a stretching out]. Dilatation of the heart. Cardielcosis [kar-de-el-ko' -sis) [icapdia, heart ; iXiUisai%, ulceration]. Ulceration of the heart. Cardiemphraxia (kar-de-em-fraks' -e-ah) [mptSfo, heart; E/iippa^tc;, obstruction] . Obstruction to the blood-cur- rent in the heart. Cardieurysma [kar-de-u-riz' -mah) \Kapdia, heart ; Evphg, wide]. Dilatation of the heart. Cardiform (kar' -diforni) \cardus, a card ; forma, shape]. In biology, having the teeth set as in a card. Cardinal (kar' -din-al) [cardo, a hinge]. A chief or principal part. C. Flower, a common name for sev- eral species of Lobelia, chiefly L. cardinalis. C. Points. See Eye, Diagrammatic. C. Points of Capuron. See Pelvis. C. Veins, the venous trunks which, in the embryonic stage, form the primitive jugu- lar veins. Cardiocele {kar' -de-o-sil) [^KapSla, heart ; k^Xj?, tumor]. Hernial protrusion of the heart, chiefly through the diaphragm. CARDIOCENTESIS 265 CARICOLOGIST Cardiograph of v. Knoll. /. Exit tube. e. Spring:, p. Button. Cardiocentesis (kar-de-o-sen-te' -sis) [/caprfm, heart ; KCVTTiaic, puncture]. Surgical puncture and aspiration of one of the chambers of the heart. Cardioclasia (kar-de-o-kla' -ze-aK) \mp&ia, heart ; K7^bx!iq, rupture]. Rupture of the heart. Cardiocrystallus [kar-de-o-kris-tal' -us) [/capdia, heart ; KpiiCTo)\/lof, crystal:^/., Cardiocrystalli\. A heart crystal ; a microscopic white crystal sometimes found in the tissues of the heart, Cardiodemia {kar-de-o-de' -me-ah) \K.apSla, heart ; Srjiidc, fat]. Fatty heart; fatty degeneration of the heart. Cardiodynia (kar-de-o-din' -e-ah) [Kap&ia, heart ; h&wvri, pain]. Pain in or about the heart. Cardiogmus {kar-de-og' -mus) [/captSm, heart; hyfio^, a furrow]. Angina pectoris ; cardialgia ; palpitation ; aneurysm of a vessel near the heart ; exophthalmic goiter. C. strumosus. Synonym of Exophthalmic Goiter. Cardiogram [kar' -de-o-grani) \KapSia, heart ; ypd/ifia, a writing] . The tracing made of the cardiac impulse by the cardiograph. See, also, Heart. Cardiograph (kar'-de- o-graf) [/capdiffi , heart ; ypdipecv, to write] . An instrument for regis- tering graphically the modifications of the pulsations of the heart. Cardiographic [iar- de-o-graf -ik) \mpS'M, the heart ; ypa^uv, to write] . Pertaining to or recorded by the cardiograph. Cardiography {kar-de- (Landois.) og'-ra-fe) [Knpoia, the heart ; ypcufuv, to write], i. The use of the cardio- graph. 2. A description of the anatomy of the heart. Cardiohemothrombus (kar-de-o-hem-o-t h rom'-bus) [icapdia, heart; aifia, blood; 6p6/il3u(ji^ , a. becoming curdled] . Heart-clot. Cardio-inhibitory {kar-de-o-in-hii>' -it-o-re) [/capd/a, the heart ; inhibere, to restrain] . Pertaining to the dim- inution of the heart's action. C.-i. Center, located in the oblongata. C.-i. Nerves, the fibers of the spinal accessory supplied to the v^us. Cardiolith {kar'-de-o-lith) \Kap6ia, heart ; UBoQ, a stone]. A cardiac concretion. Cardiology [kar-de-oF -o-je) \KapSia, heart ; Afiyof , dis- course]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the heart. Cardiomalacia {kar-de-o-nial-a^ -se-aH) \Kja.pftia., heart ; jiaXaida, softness]. Morbid softening of the substance of the heart. Cardiomegalia {kar-de-o-meg-a' -le-ah) \iiapiia, heart ; fityag, large]. Cardiac enlargement. Cardiometer {kar-de-om' -et-er) [impdia, heart ; /xirpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the force of the heart's action. Cardiometry {kar-de-om' -et-re) \Knp&ia, the heart; fiCTpov, a measure]. The estimation of the size and dimensions of the heart (as by means of auscultation and percussion). Cardiopalmus [kar-de-o-pal' -nrns) \KapSia, heart; ■KoXfJJlii, palpitation]. Palpitation of the heart. Cardiopathy {karide-op'-a-tke) [mpSia, heart; trddog, disease]. Any disease of the heart. Cardiopericarditis (kar-de-o-per-e-kar-di'-tis) [mpSia, heart ; trepl, around ; KapSia, the heart ; (Tif, inflam- mation]. Carditis and pericarditis together; inflam- mation of the heart-tissues and of the pericardium. Cardioplegia [kar-de-o-ple' -je-ah) [(capdm, heart ; 'K'hiyfi, a stroke]. Paralysis of the heart. Cardio -pneumatic [karrde-o-nu-maf -ik) \iuip&la, heart ; nveifm, the breath]. Pertaining to the heart and the breath. C. -p. Movements. Those move- ments of the air in the lungs that are caused by the pulsations of the heart and larger vessels. Cardio-pneumograph [kar-de-o-nu' -mo-graf) \KapSia, heart ; 'Kvtvfia, breath ; ypai^siv, to write]. An in- strument designed for graphically recording cardio- pneumatic movements. Cardiopuncture [kar-de-o-punk' -chur) \Kap&ia, heart ; punctura, a puncture]. I. Cardiocentesis. 2. Any surgical or vivisectional puncture of the heart. Cardiopyloric {kar-de-o-pi-lor' -ik) [/capdia, heart ; irvXoipSg, a gate-keeper] . Referring to both the cardiac and pyloric portions of the stomach. Cardiorrhexis (kar-de-o-reks' -is) \mpSia, heart ; /6^fif, rupture]. Rupture of the heart. Q.axdS:osi^f:JO^x%, \kar-de-o-skle-ro' -sis) \Kap&'m, heart; aKkr)p6uv, to harden]. Induration of the tissues of the heart. See Fibroid Heart. Cardioscope [kar' -de-o-skop) [/capdja, heart; anovetv, to view] . An instrument for the observation of the movements or of lesions of the heart. Cardiostenosis (kar-de-o-ste-no' -sis) [mpdia, heart ; arhuaiQ, narrowing]. Constriction of the heart, especially of the conus arteriosus ; also the develop- ment of such a constriction. Cardio-thyroid Exophthalmos (kar' -de-o-thi-roid eks- off-thaV -mos). Synonym of Exophthalmic Goiter. Cardiotomy (kar-de-of -o-me) [jtapSla, heart ; roji'^, cut- ting]. The anatomy or dissection of the heart. Caxd.iot.o^o%Ta.Tiiii.y{kar-de-o-to-pog'-ra-fe)[jiap6la,'he3.xt; Td?rof , place ; ypafeiv, to write]. The topography or topographic anatomy of the heart and the cardiac area. Cardiotoxic [kar-de-o-toks' -ik) [/capdia, heart ; to^ikSv, poison] . Having a poisonous effect upon or through the heart. Cardiotrauma (kar-de-o-traw'-mah) [(capdi'a, heart ; rpaii/ia, a wound]. Traumatism or wound of the heart. Cardiotromus (kar-de-of -ro-mtts) l_KapSia, heart ; rpd- fiog, a quivering] . A fluttering or slight palpitation of the heart. Cardiovascular (kar-de-o-vas'-ku-lar) [aapSia, heart ; vasculum, a small vessel]. Both cardiac and vascular; pertaining to the blood-vessels of the heart. . Carditic (kar-dit'-ik) [^KapUa, the heart ; trig, inflamma- tion]. Relating to or affected with carditis. Carditis (kar-di' -tis) [/capdi'a, the heart ; (r«f, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the heart. C, Internal. Synonym of Endocarditis. Cardo (kar'-do) [^cardo, a hinge]. In biology, a hinge- joint, as that of a bivalve shell or the maxilla of an insect. Cardol (kar'-dol). See Anacardium. Carduus (kar'-du-us) [L. , a thistle] . The seeds of C. marianus, St. Mary's thistle, and C. benedictus, blessed thistle. A decoction of the former, ,^ij ad Oj, con- stitutes an old and popular remedy for hemoptysis. The latter is also a popular cure-all, used mainly as a tonic bitter. Dose of decoction _^ j— J ss ; of a tinc- ture, tT\^x-xx. Carferal (kar' -fer-al) [carbon, charcoal ; ferrum, iron ; aluminum."] A proprietary combination of carbon, iron oxid , and clay ; it is used as a filtering materia) for water. Carica Papaya (kar'-ik-ah pap-a'-yah). See Papain. Caricin (kar'-is-in). See Papain. Caricologist (kar-ik-ol'-o-iist ) \carex, sedge ; T^ytLV, to speak] . A student of sedges. CARICOUS 266 CARPAGRA Caricous [kar'-ik-us) [^carica, a fig]. Fig-shaped, as a caricous tumor. Caries [ka' re-lz) [caries, rottenness]. A chronic in- flammation of bone with rarefaction or absorption of bony tissue, followed usually by pus-formation ; molecular death of bone, with the accompanying process, as ulceration. C. fungosa, tuberculosis of a bone with attached sequestrum, the meshes of the latter being filled with granulations growing into them from the inner surface of the cavity. C, necrotic, when portions of the bone lie in a suppurating cavity. C. sicca, a form of tuberculous caries characterized by absence of suppuration, obliteration of the cavity of the joint, and sclerosis and concentric atrophy of the articular extremity of the bone. C. of Spine, or Pott's Disease, osteitis of the bodies of the vertebrae and intervertebral fibro-cartilage, producing curvature of the spine. C. of Teeth, a chemical decomposition of the earthy part of any portion of a tooth, accom- panied by a partial or complete disorganization of the animal framework of the affected part. Carina i^kar-i^ -nah) [carina, the keel]. In biology, one of many keel-like structures ; as the breast-bone of most birds, the median piece to the carapace of a cirriped, etc. Carinate (kar' -m-at)[carinatus ,'ktt\-siia.-pei']. Keeled. Carinated Abdomen (kar' -in-a-ted ab' -do-men) . See Scaphoid Abdomen. Cariniform (kar-in'-if-orm) [carina, keel ; forma, shape]. In biology, applied to the keel-like fins of certain fishes, and to other structures. Carino-lateral (kar-in-o-laf -er-al) [carina, a keel ; latus, side]. Placed at the side of the carina of an animal. Cariol [ka'-re-ol). A poisonous active principle ob- tainable from parsley. It resembles apiol in its physiologic effects, but produces a peculiar uterine vas- cular congestion ; it is useful in genito-spinal atony. Unof. Carious {ka'-re-us) [caries, rottenness]. Pertaining to or affected with caries. C. Teeth, Effects of; carious teeth may occasion facial neuralgia, facial paralysis, sciatica, hemiplegia and spinal irritation, paraplegia, tetanus, headache, epilepsy, hysteria, chorea, insanity, etc. Carissa (kar-is'-aK) [L.]. A genus of shrubs. C. schimperi. See Ouabain. Carius, Method of. A method for the quantitative determination of halogens. The substance, weighed out in a small, glass tube, is heated together with concentrated HNO, and silver nitrate to from 150° to 300° C, in a sealed tube, and the quantity of the result- ing silver haloid determined. Carlsbad Water. A famous mineral water used largely for chronic affections of the gastro-intestinal tract, obesity, gout, and diabetes. Carmin [kar'-min) C],H,jOj|). A coloring-matter extracted from Cochineal, q. v. C. Naphtha. See Pigm-ents, Conspectus of. C. Red. Same as Cochineal. Cartninant {kar' -min-ant") [carmen, a charm]. I. Carminative. 2. A carminative agent or medicine. Carminative {kar-min' -at-iv) [carmen, a charm]. A calming or soothing medicine, chiefly for children, that acts by relieving pain from flatulence. Carminic Acid [kar-min' -ik as' -id^ See Acid. Carminophile (kar-min' -o-fll) [carmin; ijiiTielv, to love.] Readily stainable with carmin. Carnal (kar'-nal) [carnalis, fleshly], Pertaining to flesh. C. Knowledge, sexual intercourse. In foren- sic medicine it signifies penetration merely, which penetration need only be vulval without seminal emission. Carnauba (kar-na-oo' -bah) [Braz. ]. The root of Corypha cerifera, a wax-producing palm-tree of tropi- cal America. It is used in Brazil as an alterative, and resembles sarsaparilla in its properties. Dose of the fld. ext. tt\^xxx-g j. Unof C. Wax, obtained from the leaves of the carnauba-palm, Copernicia cerifera, of Brazil. Its specific gravity is .999 and its melting- point 185° F. (84° C). It is brittle and of a yellowish color. It is extensively used in the manufacture of candles. Carneous {kar'-ne-us) [cameus, of flesh]. Fleshy. C. Columns. See Columns CarnetB. Carnification (kar-nifik-a' -shun) [caro, flesh; fieri, to become] . A term indicating the alteration of tis- sue to an unnatural, fleshy appearance. Also, the amyloid degeneration of certain tissues. Carnin [kar'-nin) [caro, flesh] , CjHgN^Oj. A • leu- komaine isolated from American meat-extract, but not from muscle-tissue itself; also obtained from yeast and wine. It crystallizes in white masses composed of very-small irreguMr crystals ; it is soluble with great difficulty in cold, readily soluble in hot water, insolu- ble in alcohol and in ether. It is not thought to be very poisonous, but experiments made by Briicke show that it causes a fluctuation in the rate of the heart-beat. Carnivorous [kar-niv' -o-rus) [caro, flesh; vorare, to devour]. In surgery, caustic, escharotic; flesh-eating. Carnochan's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Carnose {kar'-nos) [carnosus, fleshy]. Resembling or having the consistence of flesh. Carnosity [iar-nos' -it-e) [carnosus, fleshy]. A fleshy growth or excrescence. Carnot's Doctrine. An absurd theory advanced as an objection to vaccination. It is the doctrine of the "displacement of mortality." Camot claimed that while certain diseases (small-pox, measles, croup, etc.,) were decreasing, other diseases (cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery) were increasing, and that vaccination was the cause of all the disturbance. Caro {ka'-ro) [L. ] , Flesh : muscular tissue. Caroba (kar-o'-bah ) [L. ] . The leaflets of Jacaranda procera and of Cybistax antisyphilitica. It is a popular Brazilian remedy as an emeto-cathartic, alterative, and tonic in syphilis and in yaws. Dose of the fld. ext. Tt\, XV- z j . Unof. Carobin \kar-o'-bin ) [caroba^ An alkaloid said to be found in the leaves of Jacaranda procera. CaioUna (kar-o-li'-nah) [Carolus, Charles]. A name given to two Southern States of the Union. C. All- spice. See Calycanthus. C. Pink. See Spigelia. Carotic [kar-ot'-ik ) [/ciipof, stupor]. Of the nature of cams ; stupid ; stupefying. Carotico-clinoid (kar-of -ik-o-kli' -noid ) [/cdpof , stupor ; kXIvv^, a bed]. Relating to a carotid artery and a clinoid process of the sphenoid bone. Carotico-tympanic [kar-of -ik-o-tim-pan'-ik) [tiipof, stupor; riiiwavm, a, drum]. Relating to the carotid canal and the tympanum. Carotid [kar-of -id) [/tapurif ; xapdeiv, to produce sleep]. I. The principal (right and left) artery of the neck. (They were thought to give origin to sleep.) See Arteries, Table of. 2. Of or relating to either of the two great arteries of the neck, or their principal branches. See Canal, Foramen, Ganglion, Plexus, etc. Carotin [kar'-o-tin) [carota, carrot], CjaHjjO. An oily coloring matter found in carrot-root and tomato. It is a lipochrome. Carpadelium [kar-pad-e' -le-um) [napTrb^, fruit; fi(5)?/lor, not manifest]. Same as Cremocarp. Carpagra [harp' -a-grah) [/capTriif , the wrist ; aypa, a seizure]. A sudden attack of pain at the wrist. <<£ CARPAIN 267 CARTILAGE Carpain (kar-pa'-in), C^^^^O.^. An alkaloid ex- tracted from the leaves of Carica papaya. It forms well-defined, beautiful crystals, with a very bitter taste, and melting at 115° C. It is recommended for the subcutaneous treatment of heart-disease. Dose, grain ^^ to \ subcutaneously, every day, or every second day. Carpal (karp'-al) [/capyriif, the wrist]. Pertaining to the wrist. C. Angle, in biology, the bend of the wing. Carpale (kar-pa'-le) [/capTriSf , the wrist] . Any one of the wrist-bones. Carpel (kar'-pel) [impn6^, fruit]. In biology, the ovule-producing organ of a plant ; a simple pistil, or the homologous portion of a compound pistil. Carpellary (Jo;-''-/if/-a-r^) [/capTrdf, fruit]. Containing, like, or belonging to a carpel. Carpet! [karp'-en) [jtapn6q, the wrist]. Belonging to the carpus in itself. Carphologia (kar-fo-lo'-je-ah). See Carphology. Carph!ology \kar-fol' -o-je) [/cdp^of, chaff; \i.yi.iv, to collect]. A symptom in delirious and dying persons ■ consisting in picking at the bedclbthes. It is generally Ipoked upon as an unfavorable omen. Floccilatio, or floccilation , was the term formerly given to this symp- tom. Carpobalsamum (kar-po-bal'-sam-um) [/capTrdf, fruit ; ^ahsa\iov, balsam]. The fruit of Bakamodendron {Commiphora') opobalsamum, the Mecca balsam-tree ; also a fragrant volatile oil from the same fruit. It is highly prized in the Orient. Unof. Carpocace (kar-pok'-as-e) [/capTriif, wrist ; KaK.6^, bad]. A diseased condition of the wrist. ^ax^o%^Ti\c (kar-po-jen'ik) [/capTrdf, fruit; yew?? , pro- ducing]. Applied to the fruit-producing cell or sys- tem of cells in certain algae. Carpognathite (kar-pog' -nath-lt) \mp-n6q, the wrist ; , jToflof, the jaw]. In biology, the fifth joint of the gnathopodite or foot-jaw of a crustacean. See Carpos. Carpogonium {kar-po-go'-ne-um) [iuipn6(, fruit ; j&voc, producing]. In biology, the unfertilized female reproductive organ of certain thallophytes. Carpolith (kar' -po-litK) \KapT:6^, fruit; Xidog, a stone]. 1. A hard concretion formed in a fruit. 2. A petrified fruit. Carpology {kar-pol' -o-je) [/capTrrff , fruit ; "ktytiv, to speak]. That department of botany that treats of fruits. Carpomania {kar-po-ma' -ne-aK) [(capTriSf , fruit ; fiavla, madness]. In biology, the excessive production of fruit by trees that are cultivated. Carpo-metacarpal (kar-po-met-a-kar'-pal) [/capTrdf, carpus ; fizTa, between, among ; xapird;, carpus]. Relai ing to the carpus and to the metacarpus. Carpo-pedal {kar-po-ped^ -al) [/capTrtSf , carpus ; pes, pedis, a foot]. Affecting the wrists or the hands and feet. C. Spasm, a spasm of the hands and feet, or of the thvunbs and great toes, associated with the laryngismus stridulus of children. C. Contractions. See Con- traction. Carpophagous [kar-pofj' -ag-us) \_\iap'K6q, fruit ; fayeiv, to eat] . Applied to fruit-eating animals. parpophore (kar' -po-for) \_KnpitbQ, fruit ; ^kpe.Lv, to bear]. In biology, the stalk or support of fruits, corresponding to the receptacle in the flower. Also an organ, in some thallophytes, that bears spores. Carpopodite [kar-pop' -o-dit) \«np-K6i;, the wrist ; 7ro{if, the foot]. In biology, a part of the crustacean limb, i.e., the fifth joint of the endopodite. See Carpos. Carpoptosis Qiar-pop-to' -sis) [/capTriif, wrist ; ■KTaOLq, a fall]. Wrist-drop. Carpos (kar'-pos) [fcapirdg, wrist]. In biology, the fifth joint of any crustacean appendage (Bate). The same as Carpognathite and Carpopodite (Milne Edwards). Carpospore (/Sar'-^o-jr/OT-) [/capTriif, fruit ; UTropii, seed]. In biology, the equivalent of spore. Carpostome (kar' -po-stom) [_KapjT6c, fruit ; arS/j-a, mouth]. In biology, one of the narrow mouths or canals through which spores are discharged from the cystocarp or sporocarp. Carpotica (kar-pof -ik-ah) \mptrb^, fruit]. Diseases connected with pregnancy and childbirth. Carpozyma (kar-po-zi' -mah) [jiapirb^, fruit; fi/i)?, fer- ment]. A genus of fermentative microorganisms. C. apiculata, a widely-diffused alcoholic ferment found in all fruits. Carpue's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Carpus (karp'-us) \mpir6(, the wrist] . The eight bones collectively forming the wrist. See Bones, Table of. Carr's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Carrageen, or Carragheen (kar'-ag-en) [^Carragheen ia Ireland]. Irish moss. See Chondrus. Carragheenin (kar-ag-en' -in), CjHjjOj. A mucilagin- ous constituent of carragheen, apparently identical with pai'arabin. Carry's Apparatus. An apparatus for manufacturing ice by means of the evaporation of ether. Carriage (kar'-sj). See Ward-carriage, Ambulance, Cacolet. Carrick Bend (kar' -ik-bend) . A form of knot for fasten- ing together two ligatures. The merit of the knot consists in the free end being held firmly between the two long portions. Carron Oil (kar' -on oil). See Linum and Calcium. Car-sickness (kar'-sik-nes). The well-known symp- toms of sea-sickness produced by journeying in railway cars. Carswell's Grapes. Pulmonary tubercles when they occur by racemose distribution at the extremities of several adjacent bronchioles. 'ae& Diseases, Table of. Carter's Operation. See Operations, Table of. C. Test. See Tests, Table of. Carthamin (karth' -am-in) [Ar., qartama, paint], Cj^- HjgO,. The coloring-matter in safflower, the blos- soms of Carthamus tinctorius. It is precipitated from its soda solution by acetic acid as a dark-red powder, which, on drying, acquires a metallic luster. It dissolves with a beautiful red color in alcohol and the alkalies. It is used for surface-coloring or dyeing. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Carthamus (karth' -am-us) [Ar. , qartama, paint]. American or bastard saffron or safBower. The flowers of C. tinctorius. An infusion, " Saffron tea," is a popular domestic remedy as a diuretic in measles and other exanthematous affections. Unof Cartilage (kar'-til-aj) [cartilago, gristle]. Gristle ; a white, semi-opaque, non-vascular tissue composed of a matrix containing nucleated cells. When boiled, cartilage yields a substance called Chondrin, q. v. C, Articular, that lining the articular surfaces of bones. C, Bone-, bone that takes its origin from cartilage, and not from a membrane. C, Costal, that occupy- ing the interval between the true ribs and the sternum or adjacent cartilages. C, Ensiform, the third piece of the sternum. It is also called the xiphoid appendix. C, Kpactal, small cartilaginous nodules on the upper edge of the alar cartilages of the nose. C, Hyaline, distinguished by a granular or homogeneous matrix. C, Fibro-, distinguished by a fibrous matrix. Carti- lages of Larynx, the cartilages of the larynx take part in producing the various modulations qf the pitch and intensity of the voice. They are the thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, and a pair each of arytenoid, corni- cula laryngis, and cuneiforjn, q. v. C. of Meckel. CARTILAGIN 268 CASCARA See Meckel. C, Mucronate, the ensiform cartilage. C, Nasal, the cartilaginous framework of the nose, consisting of five pieces, the two upper and two lower cartilages, and the cartilage of the septum. C, Reticular, a peculiar cartilage found in the auricle of the ear, the epiglottis, and Eustachian tubes. Its peculiarity consists in a network of yellow elastic fibers pervading the matrix in all directions. C. of Santorini, a nodule at the apex of each arytenoid cartilage, the corniculum laryngis. C. of Weitbrecht, the interarticular fibro-cartilage that exists in the acromioclavicular articulation. C. of Wrisberg, the cuneiform cartilages, one on each side of the fold of membrane stretching from the aryterioid cartilage to the epiglottis. C, Yellow. See C. , Reticular. Cartilagin (kar-tW -aj-in) [cariilago, cartilage]. A characteristic principle of hyaline cartilage. Boiling changes it into chondrin. CartilaginiBcation (kar-til-aj-in-if-ik-a' -shun) \car- tilago, cartilage; facere, to make]. A change into cartilage. Cartilaginiform {kar-til-aj-in' -if-orm) [cartilage, car- tilage ; forma, form]. Resembling cartilage. Cartilaginoid (kar-tU-aj' -in-oid') [cartilago, cartilage; dSog, form]. Resembling cartilage. Cartilaginous [kar-til-aj' -in-us) [^cartilago, cartilage]. Made up of or resembling cartilage. CsLTtilaigo [kar-til-a'-go) [L. ; gen.,CarHlaginis\. Car- tilage. C. triticea, a small, oblong, fibro-cartilaginous mass, often found in the elastic ligament, the thyro- hyoid, connecting the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage with the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. Carum {ka'-runi) [/cdpov, caraway]. Caraway. The seeds of C. carui, indigenous to Europe and an allied species native to the Pacific coast of America. Its odor and taste are due to a volatile oil. It is valuable in infantile colic, but is used chiefly as a flavor. C, Aqua (B. P.). Dose gj-ij. G., Infusum, unof. , _^j-ii, adOj. Dose 5ss-ij. C, Oleum. Dose tt\j-v. Caruncle {kai ' -ung-kl) \caruncula, dim. of caro, flesh]. A small, abnormal fleshy growth. In biology, applied to certain elevations, protuberances, or excrescences on animals or plants, as the comb of a bird, the fleshy papilla at the inner canthus of the eye, the growths on insect larvae, and the small masses about the hilum of some seeds. C, Lachrymal, one upon the con- junctiva near the inner canthus. C, Urethral, a small, bright-red growth situated on the posterior lip of the meatus urinarius ; a frequent condition in women. The caruncle varies in size from a hempseed to a fil- bert ; it is very painful, especially during micturition and coitus, and bleeds readily. Caruncula [kar-ung' -ku-lah) [dim. oi caro, flesh: fil., Carunculce]. A caruncle. C. mammillaris, the olfactory tubercle, an eminence of gray matter between the roots of the olfactory nerve. Carunculae (kar-ung' -ku-le) \caiuncula, a caruncle]. The nymphse. C. myrtiformes, the projections of membrane near the orifice of the vagina, thought to be the remains of the hymen after its rupture. They have also been found in the imperforated hymen. Caruncular (kar-ung' -ku-lar) [caruncula, a caruncle]. Like or pertaining to a caruncle. Carus (ka'-rus) [/capof, stupor]. Deep, lethargic sleep. C. cataleptica, catalepsy. C. ecstasis, trance, or catalepsy. C. lethargus, lethargy. Carus, Curve or Circle of. See Curve. Carvacrol (karv'-ak-rol) [Itai. , carvi, canvniy ; mpog, sharp], C,jH[,.OH. A liquid body occurring in the oil of certain varieties of satureja. It is produced on heating carvol with glacial phosphoric acid. It is a thick oil, solidifying at low temperatures ; it melts at 0° and boils at 236°. It has a very disagreeable odor and strong taste. It has been used to relieve toothache. Carvene (karv'-ln) [It., carvi, caraway], CjjHjj. A hydrocarbon contained in caraway. It is a light ter- pene. See also Citrene. Carvol (karv'-ol) [It., carvi, caraway; oleum, oil], CijHj^O. An aromatic alcohol isomeric with car- vacrol, and obtained from oil of cumin. It is an oil with a pleasant odor, boiling at 225° C. Caryoblast (kar' -e-o-blast) [K&pvov, a nucleus; /3/la(rriif, a germ]. Any nucleated plastidule. Caryocinesis (kar-e-o-sin-e' -sis) [K&pvov, a nut (nu- cleus) ; KLvpacg, movement]. See JiTaryokinesis. Caryocinetic (kar-c-o-sin-ef -ik\. See Karyokinelic. Caryolysis (kar-e-ol' -is-is) [mpvov, nucleus ; Xieiv, to loose] . The process of the dissolution of cell-nuclei. Caryolytic (kar-e-o-lif -ik) [ndprnv, nucleus; Aiimf, dissolution] . Pertaining to Caryolysis. Caryomitosis (kar-e-o-mit-o'-sis). See Karyomitosis, Caryophyllin (kar-e-o-Jil'-in) [jcapvov, a nut ; (^iTAm/, a leaf] . CjuHjgO or C^H^fi.^. The neutral crystalline principle of cloves. It occurs in tasteless and odor- less silky acicular crystals, soluble in warm alcohol and ether. See Caryophyllus. Caryophyllus (kar-e-o-Jil' -us) [K&pvov, a nut ; fitXXov, a leaf]. Clove. The unexpanded flowers of .fia^sm'a caryophyllata, distinguished by their pungent, spicy taste. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, which is antiseptic, stimulant, and irritant. It also contains a crystalline body, Eugenin, CjqHjjOj, and a camphor, Caryophyllin, C,„H,50. It is useful as a stomachic, and to prevent griping when combined with purgatives. C, Infusum (B. P.). A strength of I to 40 recom- mended. Dose 3 j-ij. C, 01., contains an acid and a phenol compound. Dose try-iv. It is used also by microscopists to clarify preparations and tissues for mounting. Caryoplasm (kar' -e-o-plazm) [aapvov, a nucleus ; wUafia, that which is formed]. The plasm of a cell- nucleus ; nuclear plasm. Caryopsis (kar-e-op'-sis) [jzapvcfv, a nut ; Si/Jif, appear- ance]. In biology, an indehiscent dry fruit, like that of the wheat, in which the single seed is enveloped in the closely-adhering pericarp. Casali Green. See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pig- ment. Casali's Test. See Tests, Table of. Casamajor's Test. See Tests, Table of. Casaubon's Apparatus. One for charging water with COj by the intermittent method. Casca Bark (kas'-kah bark). Sassy Bark ; Ordeal Bark. The bark 01 Erythrophlceum guinensi, a tree native to Africa, with properties due to an alkaloid. It pro- duces nausea and vomiting. It is valuable in inter- mittent fevers, and is a more powerful heart-tonic than digitalis. C, Tinct., 25 per cent, in strength. Dose Tr\,x. Unof. C, Ext. Aq. Dose gr. j. C, Ext. Fid. Dose n\^v-xv. Erythrophlein, the active alka- loid, unof., is locally an anesthetic. Cascadoe (kas-kad-o' -e) . See Tinea imbricata. Cascara (kas'-kar-nh) [Sp., " bark "]. The bark. C. amarga, Honduras Bark. The bark of a tree native to Mexico, much used as an alterative tonic in syphilis and skin-affections. C. Cordial, a trade preparation. Dose 1l\,xv-3ij. C, Fid. Ext. Dose 3 ss-j ; of the powdered extract gr. v-x. Unof. C. sagrada, Chit- tem Bark, Sacred Bark. The bark of Rhamnus purshiana, or California Buckthorn. Its properties are due to a volatile oil. It is useful in the treatment of chronic constipation. All unof. Case, sagrad., Ext. (B. P.). Dose gr. ij-viij. Case, sagrad., Ext. Liquidum (B. P.). Dose tT\,v-gj. CASCARILLA 269 CATABOLIC Cascarilla [kas-kar-W -aK) [Sp., diin. of casca, bark]. The bark of Croton eluteria, native to the Bahama Islands, an aromatic bitter, increasing the natural se- cretions of the digestive organs. C, Infus. (B. P.). Dose IJ-ij. C, Tinctura (B. P.). Dose gss-ij. Cascarillin (kas-kar-W -in) [cascarilla, dim. of casca, bark], CgH^O,. The active principle of cascarilla bark; a white, crystalline, bitter substance, scarcely soluble in water. Case [kas) \cadere, to happen]. A single instance or example of a disease. A covering, or box-like struc- ture. C, Brain-, the calvaria. C., Muscle-. See Muscle. C. -taking, the collection of memoranda and notes of an individual case for service in diagnosis or prognosis, or for use in a medico-legal inquiry. C, ■frial-, in ophthalmology, a case containing various lenses for refracting the eye, etc. Caseation (ka-ze-a'-shuri) \caseum, cheese]. The pre- cipitation of casein during the coagulation of milk. Also a fatty degeneration of pus, tubercle, etc. , in which the structure is converted into a soft, cheese- like substance. Casein [ka'-ze-in) [caseum, cheese]. A derived albu- min, the chief proteid of milk, precipitated by acids and by rennet at 40° C. It is closely allied to alkali- albumin, but contains more nitrogen and a. large amount of phosphorus. It constitutes most of the curd of milk. Two varieties of C, Vegetable, have been described, — Legumin, in peas, beans, etc., and Conglutin, in bops and almonds. C. Saccharid, a compound of dry casein one part, cane-sugar nine parts, and sodium bicarbonate enough to render it slightly alkaline. It is useful in preparing emul- sions, whether of oils, balsams, terpenes, resins, or gum-resins. Caseinogen [ka-ze-in' -o-jeri) \caseum, cheese; yimiav, to produce] . A peculiar substance occurring in milk, neither an alkali-albumin nor a globulin, but occupy- ing a distinct position among protelds. When acted upon by a digestive ferment it produces casein, or the curd of milk. Caseinogen is a proteid analogous to fibrinogen, myosinogen, etc. Caseose (ka'-ze-os) [caseum, cheese]. A product of the gastric digestion of casein. Caseous (ka'-ee-us) [caseum, cheese] . Having the na- ture or consistence of cheese. Cashew [kash-oo'). The cashew-nut, the product of Anacardium occidentale. See Acajou. Cashoo (kash-00'). Same as Catechu. Cassava (kas-a'-vaK) [Sp., casabe'\. The fecula of manioc, Janipha manihot, separated from the juice. Unot See Tapioca. Cassel Brown. Same as Vandyke Brown. C. Green. Same as Manganese Green. 0. Yellow. See Con- spectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Cassel's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Casselmann's Green. . See Conspectus of Pigments, under Pigment. Cassena (kas-e'-naK) [L.]. The //i?jr ^awm?, the youpon- tree of the Southern U. S. Its leaves are expectorant, cathartic, emetic, and stimulant. Unof. Casser, Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table of. C, Nerve of. See Nerves, Table of. Casserian Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of. Cassia [cash'-e-aK) [maia, a perfume] . I . A genus of leguminous plants, several species of which afford Senna, q. v. 2. An old name, still used commer- cially, for the coarser varieties of cinnamon. See Cin- namon. C. Bark, Cassia lignea. See Cinnamon. C. Buds, the immature fruit of Chinese cinnamon ; used chiefly as a spice. C. marilandica, of N. America, produces the leaves called American senna. which are less active as a cathartic than the true senna. C. Oil, a variety of oil of ciimamon, used in pharmacy and in perfumery. C, Purging, is the fruit of a tree, C. fistula, growing in tropical regions. The pulp, C.Pulpa (B. P.), in 5J-ij doses is a mild laxative. Cassideus (kas-id'-e-us) [cassis, a helmet] . In biology, helmet-shaped. Cassimuniar, or Cassumunar [kas-im-u'-ne-ar, or kas-um-u'-nar"). The plant Zingiber cassumunar and its aromatic rhizome, formerly used like true ginger ; now scarcely known in commerce or in phar- macy. It is tonic and stimulant. Unof Cassius's Purple. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Cassonade (/4«j-o«-arf') [Fr.]. A name formerly applied in the French colonies to Muscovado Sugars, q. v. Cast (^3i/) [ME., fai/^K, to throw]. I. A mass of fibrous or plastic material that has taken the form of some cavity in which it has been moulded. From their source, casts may be classified as bronchial, intestinal, nasal, esophageal, renal, tracheal, urethral, vaginal, etc. Of these, the renal casts are the most important, by reason of their significance in diseases of the kidney. Classed according to their constitution, casts are epi- thelial, fatty, fibrinous, granular, hyaline, mucous, sanguineous, waxy, etc. See Tube-casts. 2. To throw off ; applied to labor in cattle. 3. Strabismus. Castanea (kas^ta' -ne-ah ) [L. ] . Chestnut. The leaves of C. vesca. They contain tannic and gallic acids and other principles whose value is not known. They are used in infusion or decoction as a remedy for whooping-cough. C, Fid. Ext. Dose Tt\, v-lx. Castillon's Powders. Powders containing sago, salep, tragacanth, of each 8 parts, prepared oyster-shells, 2, cochineal, I. They are used in treating diarrhea and dysentery. Casting (kast'-ing) [ME. , caj^^K, to throw]. In den- tal mechanism, running fused lead, tin, zinc, or brass into a mould made in sand, with a plaster transfer of any portion or the whole of the alveolar border and so many of the teeth as may be remaining in it, and the palatine arch when it becomes necessary to adapt a plate to it. Castor (kas'-tor). See Castoreum. C. Bean and C. Oil. See Ricini. Castoreum [kas-to^ -re-urti) [kcigti^p, the beaver]. The dried preputial follicles and their secretion, obtained from the beaver, Castor fiber. It is a reddish-brown substance with a strong odor. It is antispasmodic and stimulant, its action resembling that of musk. C, Tinct. Dose '7, ss-j. Unof. Castoria (kas-to' -re-aK) [Kaarap, the beaver]. A pro- prietary medicine recormnended as a substitute for cas- tor oil. Castorin (kas' -tor-in) [xAoTap, the beaver]. A crystal- line substance obtained from castor. Castration (kas-tra' -shun) [castrare, to cut]. Orchec- tomy ; the excision of one or both testicles. C, Fe- male , removal of the ovaries ; oophorectomy ; spaying. Casts (kasts). See Cast, and Tube-Casts. Casual [kaz'-u-al) [casus, chance]. Fitted or set apart for the treatment of accidental injuries, as a casual ward in a hospital. Casualty [kaz' -u-al-te) [casus, chance]. An accidental injury ; a wound, or loss of life, accidentally incurred ; an injury in a battle. Catabasis (kat-ab'-as-is) [/cara/Jffiffjf , a descent] . The decline of a disease. Catabolergy, or Katabolergy (kat-ab-ol'-er-Je) [/card, down; ^aXksiv, to throw; epyov, work]. Energy expended in katabolic processes. Catabolic [kat-ab-oU -ik ) [Kara, down ; ^aXkeiv, to throw]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, catabolism. CATABOLISM 270 CATAPHORA Catabolism (kat-ab'-ol-i%ni) {Kara, down ; ^oXktm, to throw]. Destructive metamorphosis ; disassimilation ; physiologic disintegration ; movement toward a cata- state. Catabythismomania (kat-ab-ith-iz-»io-ma' -ne-aK) \mT- ajSvBiafidc, submergence ; fiavta, madness] . Insane impulse to suicide by drowning. Catabythismus (kat-ab-ith-iz' -mus) lKaTal3v6ta/j.6g , sub- mergence]. Drowning; especially suicidal drowning. Catacathartic ikat-ak-ath-ar' -tik ) [fcard, down ; Ka- Sapffif, purgation], i. Purging. 2. A medicine or agent that causes purgation. Catacausis {kat-ak-aii/ -sis) [^Kard^ down ; KaiEiv, to burn]. Spontaneous combustion. Cataclasis {kat-ak' -las-is) [icard, down ; Kkkuv, to break]. A fracture. Catacleisis (^aZ-a^-Zi'-jir) [/card/cAeiOif, a locking]. Clo- sure of the eyelids by adhesion or by spasm. CatacoroUa (kat-a-ko-rol' -ah ) [(card, against ; corolla, a little crown]. In biology, a secondary corolla either within or without the true corolla. Catacrotic (kat-ak-rot'-ik) [/card, down ; KpdroQ, a striking] . Interrupting the line of descent in a sphyg- mogram. Cat&cxQtism (kat-ak ' -rot-izm) [(card, down; Kpordq, a striking]. An interruption or oscillation of the line of descent in a sphygmogram ; the quality of being cat- acrotic or of being marked by oscillation in the sphyg- mographic line of descent. CatadicTotism, or Katadicrotism [kat-ad-ik' -roi-izm) [/card, down; diK/aorof, double beating]. The occur- rence of a divided or double pulsation in the down- ward stroke of the sphygmograph. Catadidymous {kat-ad-id' -im-us) [Kara, down ; Sidv- /iof, twin]. Joined into one, as a twin monstrosity, but with a downward cleavage, so that the upper parts are double. Catadidymus (kat-ad-id' -im-us) [/card, down ; dtSv/zog, twin] . A catadidymous monstrosity. Catadromous (kat-ad' -ro-mus) \KaTa, down ; ip&jiuv, running down]. In biology, applied to such fishes as descend rivers to spawn in the sea, e. g. , the eel. Catagenesis (kat-aj-en' -es-is) [/card, down; yivtaiq, generation]. In biology, the process of creation by retrograde metamorphosis of energy, or by the special- ization of energy (Cope). Catagma [kat-ag' -mah) l^Karay/ia, a fracture : //. , Catag- mafa']. A fracture. Catagtnatic (kat-ag-mat' -ik) [^xdray/ic, a fracture]. I. Relating to or serviceable in cases of fracture. 2. A remedy that promotes the union of broken parts. Catagoglo^sum i^kat-ag-o-glos' -uni) \_icaT&yniv, to draw down ; yTJisaaa, the tongue] . A tongue-depressor. Catalepsia (kat-al-ep' -se-ah). See Catalepsy. C. arti- ficialis, artificial or hypnotic catalepsy. C. acces- soria, catalepsy associated with some other leading nervous affection. C. cerea, waxen catalepsy ; cata- lepsy in which the limbs if placed in any given posi- tion will retain it as if they were made of wax. C. epidemica, the epidemic or imitative variety. C. spuria, or false catalepsy. See Ecstasy. Catalepsy (kat'-al-ep-se) [/card, down ; '/Mii^dvuv, to seize]. A peculiar neurosis characterized by loss of will and muscular rigidity, due to a diseased condition of the central nervous system. It occurs in those of the neurotic diathesis, and usually between the ages of 20 and 30 years. It is commonly associated with hys- teria, but may be found in conjunction with tetanus and the various psychoses. It often forms a part of the hypnotic state. See Somnambulism. C, Local, that affecting a single organ or group of muscles. C, Plastic, See Catalepsia cerea. Cataleptic [kat-al-ep' -ti^ [Kard, down ; hi/ijidvciv, to seize]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, catalepsy. Cataleptifortn (kat-al-ep' -tif-orm) [/card, dovm; "kap.^ 0dvEiv, to seize ; forma, form]. Resembling cata- lepsy. Catalpa (kat-al' -pah) [native Am. Indian] . A genus of American and Asiatic bignoniaceous trees. A. big- noniodes and A. speciosa, of North America, have astringent, anthelmintic, and tonic qualities ; the leaves and pods are reputed anodyne, emollient, and antasth- matic. Unof. Catalysis (kat-al' -is-is) \Kara'Khuv, to dissolve]. In chemistry, a reaction that appears to take place owing to the mere presence of another body that apparently undergoes no change. Catalytic (/4a/-a/-zy'-z/&) [/caraMcfv, to dissolve], i. Of the nature of, or characterized by, catalysis. 2. Any medicine that is supposed to break down, destroy, or counteract morbid agencies existing within the economy. See Alterative. Catamenia (kat-am-e' -ne-ah) [/card, concerning, accord- ing to ; jifjv, month]. The recurrent monthly dis- charge of blood during sexual life from the genital canal of the female. Catamenial (kat-am-e' -ne-al) [/card, concerning; jiTiv,t, month]. Pertaining to the catamenia. Catantochasmus [kat-an-to-kaz' -?nus) \_iidTavTa, down- ward; ;t;d(TjUa, an expanse]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and a line joining the anterior point of the fora- men magnum and the posterior nasal spine is less than Catantopylus (kat-an-top' -il-us) [^Karavra, downward; iri)^^, an opening]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joiningthe anterior and posterior points of the foramen magnum is between one and eight degrees. Catantorrhinus (kat-an-tor-i' -nus) [itnTavTa, down- ward; />/f, the nose]. In craniometry, Lissauer's terra for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the wing of the vomer and the anterior nasal spine is between 1° and 16.5°. Catantostomus (kat-an-tos' -to-mus) [^Kdravra, down- ward; ardfia, the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and a line joining the premaxillary point and the wing of the vomer is between 9° and 25.5°. Catanturaniscus (kat-an-tur-an-is'-kus) , [/cdravra, downward; ovpavicKOQ, the roof of the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the posterior rim of the incisor foramen and the pre- maxillary point is between 1° and 20°. Catanturanus (kat-an-tur' -an-us) \_KdTavra, downward; oipavdf, the palate]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the premaxillary point and the nasal spine is between 1° and 17°- Catapasm [kaf -ap-azm) [_mTdiraa/ia, powder]. A dry powder to be sprinkled upon the skin or upon a sore. Cata-petalous (kat-ap-et'-nl-us) [/card, against ; Tr^roXoi/, a leaf]. In biology, applied to polypetalous flowers in which the bases of the petals are adherent to the bases of the stamens. Cataphasia (kat-af-a' -ze-aK) \KaTdi^aiBL^, assent]. A condition of imperfect consciousness, in which the patient repeatedly utters the same word or words spon- taneously, or in reply to a question. Cataphora {kat-af -o-rah) [KaTaopd, a fall]. Lethargy; imperfect or restless coma, with intervals of coma- vigil. CATAPHORESIS 271 CATECHU Cataphoresis [kat-af-or-e' -sis) [^KarcKp^peiv, to bring down]. The introduction of drugs into the system through the skin, by means of ointments or solutions applied by the electrode of a battery. Cataphoric {kat-af-or' -Hi) [/cara, down; (jiopieiv, to carry]. Passing, or causing a passage, from the anode to the kathode, through a diaphragm or septum. Cataphract (kaf -af-rakt) \K.aTa^paK.Tri^, a coat of mail]. In biology, the protective armor-plates or scales of some animals. Cataphracted (kaf -af-rak-ted) [(card^pa/CTOf, mailed]. In biology, protected by an armor of thick skin, heavy plates or scales. Cataphyllutn {kat-af-W -um) [/card, down ; ^Xkov, a leaf] . In biology, a rudimentary scale-like leaf, as a cotyledon or bud-scale. Cataplasis (kat-ap' -las-is) \Kar6,, down ; TrAdtrtf, forma- tion]. The stage of decline in the individual life. Cataplasm {kaf -afi-lazm) [KaTairTiaa/ia, a poultice]. See Poultice. C, Emollient. See Species emoUientes. Cataplasma {kat-ap-laz' -maK) [L.]. A cataplasm. C. ferment! (B. P.), beer yeast, wheaten flour, water at Ioo° F. A stimulant and antiseptic for indolent ulcers. Cataplectic {kat-ap-lek' -tik) [^KardirTi^^i;, a striking down]. Fulminant; sudden and overwhelming. Cataplexis [kat-ap-leks'-is) [Karanlri^iQ, a' striking down] . I . A sudden and overwhelming shock or attack of disease ; prostration by the onset of disease, or by shock. 2. Hypnotic sleep. Cataptosis {kat-ap-tc/ -sis) [Kara, down ; Trratrjf , a fall- ing]. Apoplexy; epilepsy; paralysis; ptosis. Cataract {kaf -ar-akt) \Karapa.s.Tr)^, a falling down or over, as of something over the vision] . Diminished transparency or an opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its capsule. C, Artificial Maturation of, Forster's Method consists in friction of the cornea against the lens by pressure upon the cornea. Beltmann^s Method consists in " direct trituration ' ' of the lens with a spatula introduced into the anterior chamber. Both methods are preceded by an iridectomy. C, Black, the lens is pigmented, and of a dark-brown color. C, Capsular, consists in non-transparent de- posits on the inner surface of the capsule. C, Cor- tical, opacification of the outer layers of the lens. C, Diabetic, is associated with diabetes. C, Discis- sion of, an operation preliminary to absorption, or ex- traction by suction, consisting in rupturing the capsule, so that the aqueous hiimor gains access to the lens. C, Extraction of, removal of the cataractous lens by surgical operation. See Extraction of C. C, Fluid, C, Lacteal, the breaking up of an opaque lens into a milky fluid. C, Green, a name given to a grayish- green reflex seen in glaucoma ; it is also seen when the pupil is dilated and at the same time the media are not completely transparent. C, Immature, or Unripe, only a part of the lens-substance is cataractous. C, Lacteal. See C. , Fluid. C, Lamellar, or Zonular; certain layers between the cortex and nucleus are opaque, the remaining layers being transparent. C, Mature, or C, Ripe, the whole lens-substance is cataractous. C, Morgagnian, when a hypermature or overripe C. shrinks and leaves a nucleus floating in the dissolved outer layers. C, Naphthalinic, an opacity of the lens of a rabbit following the administra- tion of naphthalin. C, Polar (anterior or posterior), the opacity is confined to one pole of the lens. C- pricker. See Cataract-pricking. C.-pricking, a name given to the old method of artificial luxation of the lens in cases of cataract. A needle was passed into the sclera on the outer margin of the cornea and into the lens,which was then depressed into the vitreous. Those who performed this operation were called cataract- prickers. C, Pyramidal, the opacity is at the an- terior pole and is conoid, the apex extending forward. C, Recurrent Capsular, or Secondary, capsular cataract, appearing after the extraction of the lens. C, Senile, the cataract of old persons, the most fre- quent form, and that understood when not specified as congenital, juvenile , traumatic, soft, etc. C, Soft, is especially that of the young ; the lens matter is of soft consistency and milky appearance. Cataracta {kat-ar-ak' -iah). See Cataract. C. secun- daria. See After- cataract. Cataractous {kat-ar-ak' -tus) \_iiaTapdKT7/g,a. falling down or over]. Of the nature of or affected with cataract. Catarrh {kat-ar') {mTappkem, to flow down]. Inflam- mation of a mucous membrane, especially of the respiratory tract, but also applied to the bladder, etc. Its main symptoms are redness and swelling of the affected membrane with a more or less profuse mucous discharge. C, Epidemic. See Influenza. C, Gastric, gastritis, acute or chronic. C, Intes- tinal, enteritis, acute or chronic. C, Nasal, coryza, q. V. See also Rhinitis. C, Pulmonary, brdnchitis, acute or chronic. C, Sufifocative. Synonym of Capillary Bronchitis, q. v. See also Suffocative Catarrh. C, Uterine, endometritis. C, Venereal. Synonym of Gonorrhea. C, Vesical, cystitis. Catarrhal {kat-ar' -al) [narapphiv, to flow down]. Of the nature of, affected with, or relating to catarrh. C. Fever. Synonym of Influenza. Catarrhine {kaf-ar-in) \K.aTa, down ; ^if, the nose]. In biology, of or pertaining to those monkeys and apes that have approximated nostrils directed downward and separated by a narrow septum. Catarrhus (i(?^a>-'-«j). ^^^ Catarrh. C. genitalium. Synonym of Leukorrhea. Catastaltic {kat-as-taf -tik) \mTdcTkXKtiv, to check, to send downward]. I. Astringent. 2. Passing from above downward (as a nerve -impulse) . Catastasis {kat-as' -tas-is) \mraaTaiaLq, a settling]. Con- dition, state, habit; a decline, or quieting of symp' toms ; restitution, as of a displaced part. Catastate {kaf-as-tdt) \KaTaaraTo^, settling down]. Any one of a series of successive catabolic states, sub- stances, or conditions, each one of which is less com- plex, more stable, and exhibits less functional activity than its predecessor. Catastatic {kat-as-taf-ik) [(cardffroffif, a settling down]. Relating to a catastasis, or to a catastate. Catatonia, or Katatonia {kat-at-o' -ne-ah) [«:aTd,down ; rdvof, tension]. A form of mental derangement pro- gressing from melancholia successively through mania and stupidity to imbecility and tonic convulsions. Catatony {kat-af-o-ne). See Catatonia.. Catechin (kaf-e-chin) [catechu^, C2iH2|,09 + SHjO. Catechinic acid, the active principle of catechu. It crystallizes in shining needles of a snow-white, silky appearance. Catechol {kaf -e-chol). See Pyrocatechin. Catechu {kaf-e-choo) [E. Ind.]. An extract prepared from the vi'ood of Acacia catechu, a native of the East Indies. It contains 50 per cent, of tannic acid, and hence is a powerful astringent. It is used for the diarrhea of children and as a gargle and mouth- wash. Dose of the powdered extract gr. j- 3 ss. See also Pigments, Conspectus of. C, Infusum (B. P.). Dose gj-iss. C., Pulv. Comp. (B. P.). Contains catechu, kino, and rhatany. Dose gr. xx-xl. C, Tinct. Composita, contains catechu 10, cassia cinnamon 5, dilute alcohol q. ». Dose tr^x-gj. C, Trochisci, each contains one grain of catechu with sugar, traga- canth, and orange-flower water. CATELECTROTONUS 272 CATOTRETOUS Catelectrotonus (kat-el-ek-trot' -o-nus) \KaT&, down ; rfl\£«jpov, amber ; rdvof, tension]. The state of in- creased irritability of a nerve near the cathode. See Anelectj-otonus. Catenulate [kal-en' -u-lat) [catenula, a small chain]. In biology, having a chain-like arrangement. Catgut (kaf-gut). The intestines of a sheep treated to make ligatures. C, Carbolized, catgut rendered aseptic by soaking in a solution of carbolic acid. C, Chromicized, treated with chromic acid. C. Mat, an appliance used in intestinal anastomosis for the pur- pose of approximating the edges of the severed intes- tines. C. Plate, an appliance for uniting the intestinal edges in intestinal anastomosis. It is made of a solid catgut sheet ; is thin, large, and flat, and resembles the Senn decalcified bone-plates. Catha (ka'-thah\ [Ar., kaf\. A genus of celastraceous plants. C. edulis affords leaves and twigs which the Arabs use as a substitute for tea and coffee. Catharma {kath-ar'-mah) \_Kddapfjxi, refuse: //., Caik- armata\. That which is removed by purgation ; ex- crement. Catharsis (kath-ar' -sii) [^Kadaipeiv, to purge]. Purga- tion. Cathartic {kath-ar' -tik ) [Ka^apr^/cdf , purging] . i . Purgative. 2 . A medicine used to produce evacuations of the bowels. A purgative. C. Acid. See Senna. C. Pill, Compound. See Colocynth. Cathelectrotonus See Catelectrotonus. Catheresis or Cathseresis (kath-er-e' -sis) [^KaOalpecv, to cut down]. I. Prostration or weakness induced by medication. 2. Caustic action ; it often designates a feebly caustic action. Catheretic {jkath-er-ef -ik^ \KaQaipuv, to reduce]. I. Reducing ; weakening ; prostrating. 2. Caustic. 3. A reducing or caustic agent. Catheter (kath'-et-er) \KaBtTijp, a thing put down] . A tube-like instrument for evacuating the liquid of a cav- ity, usually the bladder. C, Bozeman's, a double- current uterine catheter. C, Eustachian, an instru- 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 i ? 9 9 9 9 9 O 9 10 II 12 13 14 ^990 go 15 16 17 18 19 QOOOO The Sizes of Catheters. The upper number indicates that of the American system ; the lower, that of the French. ment for examining the E. tube, distending or making applications to it. C. Fever, systemic disturbance, with fever, following the introduction of the catheter into the urethra. C., Gouley's, a solid curved-steel instrument grooved on its inferior aspect, for passing over a guide, through a stricture into the bladder. C, Lung, a soft-rubber tube that may be passed down the trachea. C, Schrotter's, instruments of hard rubber and of varying caliber, somewhat triangular on section, used for the dilatation of laryngeal stric- tures. C, Self-retaining, one that will hold itself within the bladder without other appliances to assist it. Catheterism, or Catheterization (kath'-et-er-nm, or kath-et-er-iz-a' -shufi) \«jaBtriip, a thing put down]. The use or passing of a catheter. Catheterize (kath' -et-er-lz) [/cafer^p, a thing put down]. To operate upon with a catheter. Cathetometer (kath-et-om' -et-er) [/cdferof, a plumb-line ; fihpov, a measure] . An instrument of precision used in craniometry for determining the length, breadth, height, and possible abnormity of the skull. Cathetotnetric [kath-et-o-met'-rik) [/caflcTOf, a plumb- line ; /iirpov, a measure]. Relating to the catheto- meter. Cathetometry (kath-et-om' -et-re") [Ka(?EToc, a plumb-line; jiiTpov, a measure] . The measurement of the skull by the cathetometer. Cathodal [kath'-o-dal) [Kari, down j u66g, way]. Relating to a cathode. Cathode [kalh'-od) [/carii, down ; aSdg, way]. The negative electrode or pole of an electric circuit. CaXTaoAic [katk-od' -ik) [/caro, down; a66^, way], i. Relating to a cathode. 2. Proceeding downward; efferent or centrifugal (applied to a nerve-current or nerve-impulse). Catholicon [kath-ol'-ik-on) [iiaBoXindv, universal]. A universal remedy ; a cure-all. Cation [kat' -e-on) \_KaTd, downward; \kvai, to go]. An electro-positive element ; one that accumulates at the cathode in electrolysis. See Ion. Catkin [kat'-kin) [Ger., Katzchen, dim. of cat]. In biology, the indeterminate deciduous, scaly spike of unisexual sessile flowers, forming the inflorescence of many trees, e.g., the willow and birch. Cf. Ament. Catling, or Catlin {kat'-ling, or kat'-lin). A long, pointed, two-edged knife for amputating. Catnep, or Catnip (kat'-nep, or -nip) [corruption of cat- mint]. The leaves and tops of the herb Nepda cataria, a stimulant and tonic ; a popular remedy for chlorosis, hysteria, etc. Dose of fld. ext. 3J-ij. Unof. Catocathartic {kat-o-kath-ar' -tik). See Catacathartic. Catoche [kat'-o-ke) [Karoxil, catalepsy]. Catochus. CsAociins [kat'-o-kus) [/cdro;tfof, a holding down] . I. Catalepsy ; coma-vigil. 2. Apparent death ; trance. Catodont (kaf -o-dont) [/cdru, down; bdoug, tooth]. Pos- sessing teeth only in the lower jaw. Catoptric Test, the diagnosis of cataract by means of the reflection of images from the cornea and lens- capsules. Catoptrics {kat-op' -triks) [/taroTrTpi/ctSf, in a mirror]. The laws of the reflection of light. Catorhinus {kat-o-rin' -us) [xdru, below ; pif, the nose]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the wing of the nose and the anterior nasal spine is between 16.5° and 33°. Catostomus (kat-os' -to-mus) [kstu, below ; ard/ia, the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the premaxillary point and the wing of the vomer is between 25.5° and 42.5°. Catoteric ikat-o-ter' -ik) limTUTepiiidg, a carrying down- ward]. A purgative or cathartic. Catotica (kat-ot' -ik-ali) [/caTurepi/cdf , a carrying dowii- ward]. Medicines or diseases that aff'ect the internal surfaces of the body. Catotretous [kal-ot'-ret-us) [(card, down ; TprjTd^, per- forate]. In biology, having the oral and anal aper- tures on the ventral surface. C, Amaurosis, a condition noted in suppurative choroiditis in which the CATOURANISCUS 273 CAUSTICITY exudate is visible at a distance as a vivid whitish or yellowish reflex from the pupil. C. Pupil. See Pupil. Catouraniscus [kal-o-ur-an-is'-kus) [/cdru, below ; ovpavianof , the roof of the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the center of the posterior margin of the incisor foramen and the pre- maxillary point is between 20° and 40°. Catouranus [kat-o-ur' -an-us) [kAtu, below ; ovpo.v6g, the roof of the mouth]. In craniometry, Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the radius fixus and the line joining the premaxillary point and the posterior nasal spine is between 17° and 34°- Cattimandu (kat - im - an' - doo) [E. Ind.]. An E. Indian tree. Euphorbia cattimandoo ; also its medicinal gum. It is used as a cement and as a remedy for rheumatism. When fresh it is an active vesicant. Unof. Cattle Plague (/5a^'-///af). ^et Rinderpest. Caucasian Idiocy (kaw - kaz' - yan id'-e-o-se). See Idiocy, Ethnic. Cauda {kaip'-dah) [L.]. A tail-shaped appendage. The tail-like part of the caudalum. C. cerebelli, the vermiform process. C. cerebri, the part of the en- cephalon between the pons and optic thalami, consist- ing of the crura and the tegmentum. C. dorsalis. I. The spinal cord. 2. The oblongata. C. epididy- midis, the inferior part of the epididymis. C. equina, the terminal extremity of the spinal cord, in conjunc- tion with the roots of the sacral nerves. C. pan- creatis, the slender left extension of the pancreas. Caudad [kaw' -dad) \_cauda, the tail ; ad, to]. Toward the tail or cauda ; opposed to cephalad ; in man, down- ward. Caudal (kaw' -dal) \cauda, the tail]. Pertaining to a Cauda, or tail. The term Ural has been proposed to take the place of caudal. Caudalis [kaw-da' -lis) [cauda, a tail]. In biology, applied as the specific name of fins or other organs near the tail. Caudate (kaw'-dat) \cauda, a tail]. Having or re- sembling a tail. C. Lobe of Liver, a small elevation of the liver. C. Nucleus, the intraventricular por- tion of the corpus striatum. See also Caudatum. Caudatum [kaw-da' -turn) [cauda, a tail]. A ganglion or fi-ee ring of gray matter circling round the lenticu- laris of the brain. It is massive in the frontal portion, but becomes attenuated caudad ; the anterior portion is called the head, the posterior the tail. Caudex [kaw'-deks) [iraa^/^x, a tree-stem]. In biology, applied to the scaly, unbranching trunk of a palm tree or tree fern. Caudicle [kaw'-dik-l) [caudex, the stem of a tree]. In biology, a little stalk, as that of the pollen-masses in orchideous plants. Caudiduct [kaw'-de-duki) [cauda, tail ; ducere, to draw]. In biology, to draw or carry backward toward the tail. Gauditrunk [kaw' -de-trunk) [cauda, tail ; truncus, trunk]. In biology, that part of the body behind the head of fishes and fish-like mammals. Caudle [kaw'-dl) [ME., caudel,& warm drink]. A nutritious food for invalids. It is made as follows : Beat up an egg to a froth ; add a glass of sherry and half a pint of gruel. Flavor with lemon-peel, nut- meg, and sugar. Caudula [kaw' -du-lah) [cauda, a tail]. In biology, a marginal tail-like process. Caul [kawl) [ME., calle, a hood]. I. A portion or all of the fetal membranes covering the head and carried out in advance of it in labor. 2. The great omentum. 18 Caulescent, [kaw-les' -ent) [caulis, a stalk] . In biology, applied to plants having a distinct leaf-bearing stem. Caulicle [kaw' -lik-l) [caulis, a stalk]. In biology, that portion of the stem of an embryo plant that is below the cotyledons and above the radicle. Cauliflower Excrescence [kaw-le-flow' -er eks-kres'- ens). Epithelioma of the cervix uteri. See also Verruca acuminata. Cauliform [kaw' -lif-orni) [caulis, a stalk ; forma, shape] . In biology, resembling a stem. Cauligenous [kaw-lif -en-us) [caulis, a stalk ; genus, producing]. Borne upon the stem. Cauline (kaw'-lin) [itavMQ, a stalk]. In biology, of or pertaining to the stem. Caulis [kaw' -lis) [xavTidq, a stalk] . In biology, a plant- stem. Caulocarpous [kaw-lo-kar' -pus)[KavA6Q, astern; icapndc, fruit]. In biology, applied to plants that bear fruit from year to year upon the same stem. Caulome [kaw' -lorn) [KavMg, a stem]. In biology, a general term for all kinds of stems. Caulophyllin [kaw-lo-fil' -in) [KavU^, a stalk ; (fi\jk%av, a leaf]. A resinoid precipitate from the tincture of caulophyllum. See Caulophyllum. Caulophyllum [kaw-lo-fil' -uni) [kovU^, stalk ; i^Xkn, leaf] . Blue Cohosh , ' ' Squaw-root ; " the rhizome and rootlets of C. thalictroides, growing in Canada and the northern U. S. It contains a glucosid. Saponin, and two resins, one of which is Caulophyllin. It produces intermittent contractions of the gravid uterus, and possesses diuretic, emmenagogue, and antispasmodic powers. There are no official preparations. Dose of the powdered drug gr. v-xx ; of Caulophyllin, gr. ij-v. Cauma [kaw'-mah) [xavfia, a burning : //. , Caumata'] . Fever ; heat ; pyresis ; an inflammatory fever ; a bum. C. enteritis. Synonym of Intestinal Catarrh, Acute. Caumatic [kaw-maf -ik) [unvjia, a burning]. Pertain- ing to cauma. Causalgia [kaw-saV -je-aK) [Kavc6q, a burning ; akyo^, pain]. Neuralgia with burning pain, often of the foot ; sometimes with a local glossiness of the skin due to impairment of the normal nerve-stimulus of the part. Causation [kawz-a' -shun) . See Etiology. Ca.MSS [kawe) [caaja, acause]. The sources, conditions and origins of a result. The preceding factors that unite to produce a given condition. Causes are spoken of as efficient, instrumental, final, primary, secondary, predisposing, controlling, determining, ultimate, excit- ing, etc. C. Causans, the causing cause or the essential predetermining factor. C. , Kxciting, the immediately preceding and conditioning factor. C, Predispos- ing, that which tends to the development of a condi- tion. Causoma [kaw-so' -mah) [Kahaa/ia ; Kaiiiv, to bum : pi., Causomatd^. A burning; usually an inflamma- tion. Caustic [kaws'-tik) [Kaiuv, to burn] . A substance that disorganizes or destroys living tissue ; it is mostly used in surgery to destroy unhealthy growths. C. Alkali, a pure alkaline hydrate or oxid. C, Common, potassa fusa or potassa cum calce. C, Dubois's, arsenious acid I, mercuric sulphite 16, dragon's blood 8 parts. C. -holder, a porte-caustic. C., Lunar, argentic nitrate, or nitrate of silver. C, Mitigated, argentic nitrate made less active by fusion with potassium nitrate or argentic chlorid. C. Potash, potassium hydrate. See Potassium. C. Soda, sodium hydrate. Causticity [kaws-tis' -it-e) [naieiv, to burn]. Caustic quality ; corrosiveness. CAUSTICUM 274 CEDAR Causticum {kaws'-tik-um). See Caustic. Cauter (kaw'-ier) [jiam'ijp, a burner] . A searing-iron or cautery-iron ; any caustic application. Cauterant (kaw' -ier-ant)[iiavTrip, a burner]. I. Caustic ; escharotic. 2. Any caustic substance ; a caustic. Cauterism (kaw'-ter-hni). See Cauterisation. Cauterization [kaw-ier-iz-a'-shun) [Kavrriptat^uv, to cauterize]. The surgical application of a cautery; the effect of such application. Cauterize {kaw^ -ter~lz) [_Kavr^pidi^ecVf to cauterize]. To sear or burn with a cautery or a caustic Cautery (kaw' -ter-e) \Kaiyri]pmv ; Kaieiv, to burn]. Primarily, the term was applied to caustics, but more frequently now to the platinum-wire heated by an electric current, or the hot iron, for counter-irritation, removal of tissue, etc. C, Actual, the white-hot iron. C. Button, iron heated in hot water. C, Corrigan's. See Button. C, Dento-Electric, consists of a looped wire, held by set-screws, in con- tact with metal conductors that pass through a hard- rubber handle. The battery wires are coupled to two terminals. This appUaince is held in the hand like a pencil in writing, and the current is closed by pressing a spring with the forefinger, when the resistance of the loop of wire causes it to become heated. It is employed for obtunding sensitive dentine. C, Gal- vanic, a platinum wire heated by electricity. C, Gas, cauterization by a stream of burning gas directed upon the part. C, Paquelin's, or C, Thermo-, a hol- low platinum point kept at £- uniform temperature by a current of benzene vapor. C, Potential, or C, Virtual, the application of caustic substances. Cava (ka'-vah) [L. : pi., Cavm^. A vena cava. Q,ava\. (ka' -val) [raz/rt, a hollow]. Relating to a vena cava. Cavalry Bone [kav'-al-re bon). A bony deposit in the adductor muscles of the thigh. Cavernoma {kav~ern-o' -ma) \_caverna, a cavern; 6//a, a tumor]. A cavernous tumor ; a cavernous angioma. Cavernous {kav'-ern-us) \_cavei-na, a cave]. Having cave-like spaces or hollow places. C. Bodies, the corpora cavernosa of the penis. C. Breathing, the reverberating or hollow sound of bronchial breathing in dilated or abnormal bronchi. C. Groove, the ■carotid groove. C. Plexus. See Plexus. C. R^le. See C. Breathing. C. Sinus, situated at the side of the body of the sphenoid. C. Tissue, erectile tissue. C.Tumor. See Angioma. C. ^A^hispe^, whispering resonance in auscultation, modified by transmission through a cavity. C. Voice. See Pectoriloquy. Cavernula Tentacularis. In biology, a subumbral tentacle-funnel, surrounding the base of each tentacle in many Cubomedusa and Peromeduscs. Cavernulae Subumbrales. In biology, niches of the subumbral cavity in MeduscE, Caviar, or Caviare [kav-e-ar') [Fr. ]. The salted hard roe of the sturgeon and other large fish. Cavicorn [kav^-ik-orn') \_cavus, hollow ; cornu, horn]. In biology, having hollow horns ; or a hollow-homed ruminant. Cavitary [kav'-it-a-re) \_cavilarius, hollow]. Hollow ; applied to any nematode wonn ; any intestinal worm that has a body-cavity ; a worm that is not anenterous. Cecviias {kav'-it-as) [L.]. A hollow. C. cochleata. See Duct, Spinal. C. pulpae, the pulp-cavity of a tooth. See Dental Cavity. Cavity (kav'-it-c') \_cavitas , irom cavus, hollow]. Any hollow, normal or pathologic. Among the normal cavities are the abdominal, arachnoid, axial, buccal, cranial, frontal, nasal, pelvic, pleural, thoracic, ven- tricular, etc.; among the abnormal are pulmonary and dental cavities. C. -plate, a term applied in mechan- ical dentistry to a metallic base for artificial teeth, so constructed as to have one or more vacant spaces be- tween it and the gums, which, when applied, and the air exhausted, contributes very greatly to the firmness of its adhesion. C, Preperitoneal, a name given by Retzius to the loose and yielding subperitoneal tissue in front of the bladder, under the supposition that it could be inflated. It is not a true cavity, but merely a succession of areolar spaces. C, Sigmoid. See Sigmoid . Cavo-valgus (ka' -vo-val' -gus) \_cavus, hollow ; valgus, bow-legged]. Cavus combined with valgus. See Club- foot. Cavum (ka'-vum) [L.]. Any hollow or cavity, normal or pathologic. C. dentis. See Dental Cavity. Cavus (ka'-vus) [L.]. 1. A hollow; a cavity. 2. Talipes arcuatus ; hollow-foot. Cayenne Pepper {ki' -en pef -er"). See Capsicum. Cazenave's Lupus. See Diseases, Table of. C. Solution. An animal parasiticide used in derma- tology. It consists of iodid of sulphur, iodid of potassium, of each Ij4 drams, water 32 ounces. Cazeneuve's Test. See Tests, Table of. Ceanothus {se-an-o' -thus) [/cedvwSof, a kind of thistle]. A genus of rhamnaceous shrubs, chiefly N. American. C. americanus, New Jersey tea, red root, is used in domestic medicine as an astringent and alterative ; its leaves are substituted for tea. Unof. Ceasma (se-az'-mah) [Ktaofia, a. chip : //. , Ceasmaia^. A splinter ; a fissured state. Ceasmic (se-az' -mik) {jiiaauia, a chip]. Fissured; re- maining in the primitive fissured state of the embryo. See Teratism. Cebadilla (thev-ad-el' -yali) [Sp., "little barley"]. The seed of Asagraa officinalis, or Schcenocaulon offici- nale ; official in the B. P., and important as the prin- cipal source of the alkaloid veratrin. It is highly poisonous. Cebocephalia (se-bo-sef-a' -le-aK) [/c^^Sof , a kind of mon- key ; Ke^alr/, the head]. The condition of being cebocephalic. Cebocephalic (se-bo-sef-al' -ik) [Ki7/3of, a kind of mon- key; KE^oA^, the head]. Of the nature or appearance of a cebocephalus. Cebocephalus (se-bo-sef -al-tis) [^K^poc, a monkey; /c£^a/l^, head]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the species cyclocephalus, in which there is entire absence of the nose, with, however, two orbital cavities and two eyes, although the interocular region is nar- row and perfectly flat. Cecal (se'-kal) \c(Bcum,\Am&'\. Relating to or of the nature of the cecum; cEecal. Cecitas (se'-sit-as) [L.]. Blindness. Cecitis [se-si'-tis) \_ctscum, the cecum ; itiz, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the cecum; typhlitis, q.v. Cecity {ses'-it-e) [ciecus, blind]. Blindness. Cecograph {sc' -ko-graf) \ccecus, blind; ypa^tai, to write] . A writing-machine for the use of the blind. Cecum (se'-kum) \cacus, blind]. The large blind pouch or cul-de-sac in which the large intestine begins. Cecutiency {se-ku' -shen-se) \ccecutire, to become blind]. Tendency to, or the commencement of, blindness. Cedar (se'-dar) [cedrus, cedar]. One of the genus of coniferous trees, Cedrus. C. -apple, an excrescence or gall produced upon the red cedar, Juniperus virgin- iana, by the fungus called Gymnosporangium macro- pus. Cedar-galls are popularly esteemed as an anthel- mintic. Dose gr. viij-xviij, in powder. Unof. C- Gum, the fragrant resin of Callitris arborea, a conifer- ous South African tree. It is used in making plasters. Unof. C.-wood Oil. See Cailcedra. CEDRELA 275 CELL Cedrela [sed'-re-lah ) [/ced/DeXar)?, a cedar-fir tree] . A genus of trees found in tropical regions and allied to mahogany. C. febrifuga, of Southern Asia ; C. odor- ata, bastard cedar, of tropical America (see Cailcedrd); C. rosmarinus, of Indo-China, and C. toona, of India, are among the species that afford active medi- cines. All unof. Cedrene (se'-drln) [cedrus, cedar], CjjH.^^. A volatile liquid hydrocarbon found in oil of red -cedar (see Juniperus virginiana), oil of cloves and oil of cu- bebs. C. Camphor, CuH^gO, a camphor that sepa- rates from the oil of fed cedar. Cedrin {se'-drin) \_cedrus, cedar]. A bitter crystalline substance obtained from cedron. Cedriret (sed' -re-ret). See Cceroulignone. Cedron (se'-dron) [cedrus, cedar]. The seeds of C. simaba, a popular external remedy in tropical Amer- ica for the bites of venomous insects and serpents, and of reputed value in malarial fevers. Dose of the fld. ext. tt\,j-viij. Ceke {thik '-e) . A Feejee term for elephantiasis of the scrotum. Celandini [sel'-an-din). See Ckelidonium. Celastrus (sel-as'-trus) [Kf/Xaarpt)^ , an evergreen tree]. A genus of trees and shrubs, nearly allied to Euony- mus. Many of the species are medicinal, and some are poisonous. C. scandens, the climbing staff-tree of North America, is cathartic, diuretic, and alterative; it is called waxwork, bitter-sweet, and fever-twig. Celation {sel-a'-shun) [celatio, abiding]. The conceal- ment of illness, of a birth, or of pregnancy. Cele (sll) [miAia, cavity]. An encephalic cavity; used instead of ventricle. -cele {sll) [jdl'^l, a. tumor]. A suffix denoting a tumor, Celelminth {se' -lel-minth ) [/coZAof, hollow ; tkiiiv^, worm]. A parasitic worm with a digestive canal or cavity ; a cavitary worm. Celery (sel'-er-e) [ailivov, a kind of parsley]. The stalk of Apium graveolens, or conraion garden celery. It contains Apiol, q. v. It is reputed to be antispas- modic and nervine. Dose indefinite. C. Seed, used to cover the taste of other drugs. Unof Celia (se'-le-aK) [jioMa, the belly]. I. The belly: the stomach. 2. Any ventricle, or normal cavity of the brain. Celiac (se'-le-ak) \_ccelzacus ; KoMa, belly] . Abdominal. Pertaining to the belly. C. Affection, a chronic intestinal disorder most commonly met with in chil- dren between the ages of one and five, characterized by the occurrence of pale, loose stools, not unlike gruel or oatmeal-porridge ; they are bulky, not watery, yeasty, frothy, and extremely offensive, and are ac- companied by anemia and debility without much emaciation. The exhaustion may be aggravated by intercurrent attacks of watery diarrhea, and death may supervene. It is also called Diarrhcea alba or Diarrhoea chylosa. It is due probably to a temporary suspension of the pancreatic function. C. Artery. Same as C. Axis. See Arteries, Table of. C. Axis, a branch of the abdominal aorta ; it divides into the gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries. See Arteries, Table of. C. Ganglion. See Ganglion', Semilunar. C. Passion, painful diarrhea, or dysentery. C. Plexus. See Plexuses, Table of Celiaca {se-li'-ak-ah) [icoMa, the abdomen]. Diseases of the abdominal organs. Celiadelphus [se-le-ad-el^-fus) [mtXia, belly ; a6e?i^6g, brother]. A monstrosity having two bodies joined at the abdomen. Celiagra (se-le-a' -graft) {mikia, belly; hypa, seizure]. Abdominal gout. Celialgia (se-le-al'-je-ah) [koMu, belly; lAyoq, pain]. Pain in the abdomen. Celian, Celine [se'-le-an, se'-lin). Same as Celiac. Celiocyesis (se-le-o-si-e' -sis) \KoiXia, belly ; Kiiriaig, pregnancy]. Abdominal extra-uterine gestation. Celiolymph {se' -le-o-limf) [mikia, a cavity; lympha, water]. The cerebro-spinal fluid. Celiomyalgia {se-le-o-mi-al' -je-ah) [icoiAia, belly ; /ivg, muscle; d/lyof, pain]. Pain in the abdominal muscles. Celioncus {se-le-ong'-kus) [hoiXm, the belly; bymq, a swelling]. A tumor of the abdomen. Celiopyosis {se-le-o-pi-o' -sis) \K.aCKia, belly; niiaaig, a suppuration]. Suppuration in the abdominal cavity. Celiorrhea {se-le-or-e' -ak) [jaiMa, the belly ; pieiv, to flow] . Diarrhea. Celioschisis {se-le-os' -kis-is) [mikia, belly; cxiov^, fis- sure] . Congenital abdominal fissure. Celiotomy {se-le-of -o-me) \K.oOda, belly; TOjiri, a cut- ting]. Surgical opening of the abdominal cavity. Celitis {se-li'-tis) [noXta, belly; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the abdominal organs. Cell {sel) \cella, a small, hollow cavity]. I. In anatomy, any one of the interstitial spaces and small cavities of the bones, etc. 2. In biology, a nucleated mass of protoplasm capable of reproduction. A mass of proto- plasm, with or without a cell-wall and with or without a nucleus. 3. A galvanic element, or single member of a galvanic battery without the connecting wire between the metals. See Battery. 4. The case or cup in which a zooid or larva is located. See Cell-body. C, Abbe-Zeiss Counting, a glass receptacle cemented upon a glass slide, its floor being marked in micro- scopic squares. It is used for counting the blood-cor- puscles. C, Air. See Air-cell. C, Ameboid, a cell capable of changing its form and of moving about like an ameba. C., Apolar, a nerve-cell without processes or poles, such as has been ascribed to the sympathetic system. C, Beaker. See C, Goblet. C., Betz's, the motor or ganglionic cells comprising the fourth layer of the motor area of the gray matter of the brain. C.-body, the mass of a cell, composed of two substances, the mitoma, or cytomitoma, and ^& para- mitoma. The first is the thread-like basis of the cell- body, the latter, the homogeneous filar and interfilar sub- stance. The nucleus is composed of the karyomitoma, or nuclear network, otherwise called the chromatin; the nuclear sap, or substances contained in the meshes of the chromatin, and from its non-staining quality called achromatin ; and the nuclear membrane, made up of two layers, the outer achromatic, the inner chro- matic, or staining. The nucleoli are usually multiple, and are composed of more refractile matter. C, Bunsen, the same as the Grove cell except that the platinum electrode of the latter is replaced in the Bunsen by a stick of carbon. C. -capsule, a thick or unusually strong cell-wall. C, Ciliated, one pro- vided with cilia. C. of Corti, any one of the hair- cells on the outer surface of the organ of Corti. C, Cylindrical, a variety of epithelial cell. C, Dan- iell's, a battery cell containing two fluids, viz., a satu- rated solution of sulphate of copper and a semi-saturated solution of sulphate of zinc. In the former is placed a sheet of metallic copper, and in the latter a mass of zinc, these two metals forming the electrodes of the cell. C, Daughter-, a cell originating from the divi- sion of the protoplasm of a mother-cell ; any one of the young cells found within the substance of an un- divided mother-cell. C. of Deiters, one of the cells with fine processes resting on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, beneath the air-cells ; also a nucleated cell of the neuroglia. C, Demilune, Giannuzzi's cells, granular protoplasmic cells found in mucous glands, CELLA 276 CELOLOGY lying between the mucous cells and the basement membrane. They play an important part in the func- tional activity of the gland. C. -Doctrine, the theory that the cell is the unit of organic structure, and that cell-formation is the essential process of life and its phenomena. C, Edison-Lalande, a variety of cell used in making galvanic batteries. C, Electrolytic, a cell or vessel containing an electrolyte, in which electrolysis is carried on. C, Endothelial, one of those lining the intima of the blood-vessel system. C, Epidermic, or Epithelial, one of those covering the membranes of the free surface of the body. C, Ethmoidal, any one of the cellular cavities of the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone. Called also ethmoidal simises. C, Ganglion, a cell of the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord. C. of Giannuzzi. See C. , Demilune. C, Giant, any polynucleated body of protoplasmic matter occurring in tuberculosis, sar- coma, etc. C. -globulins, Halliburton's name for forms of globulin that occur in lymph-corpuscles and extracted from them by solutions of sodium chlorid. C, Goblet, a form of epithelial cell. C, Gowers's, an apparatus for counting blood- corpuscles. C, Gre- net, a variety of open cell used in making galvanic batteries. C, Grove, a two-fluid battery cell, the fluids being dilute sulphuric and nitric acids and the metals immersed in them respectively zinc and plati- num. C. -islets, the centers of most active growth and proliferation in young cellular tissues. They contain the stores of nutriment that are gradually dis- solved and digested. C, Law, a variety of cell used in making galvanic batteries. C, Leclanche, a variety of cell used in making galvanic batteries. It may be made as a liquid cell or as a dry cell, the latter being preferable. C., Lymphoid, a large ameboid cell. C, Mother-, a cell that divides its protoplasm and gives each part a new cell-wall. C, Mounting. See Mounting-cell. C.-Multiplication, Cytogenesis, a name given to the process of reproduction of cells. It may be endogenous^ as when the cell-contents break up by segmentation into separate nucleated masses within the cell-wall ; gemmiparous, as when new cells bud from the mother-cell ; and fissiparnis, as when the mother-cell divides by cleavage into two or more cells. C, Neuro-muscular, a name given to certain cells of lower life-forms, that act in part as nerves and in part as muscles. C. -nests. Epidermic Pearls : globular masses of flattened cells contained in epithe- liomata. C, Olfactory, any one of the cells that lie between the network of epithelial cells in the nasal fossae. They consist of a body and two processes, one running outward to the surface of the mucous membrane, the other running inward and connected with filaments of the olfactory nerve. C.-parasite, in biology, applied to any one of various micropara- sites, as, e.g., a coccidium, living within a cell. C- sap, in biology, the more fluid portion of the cell-con- tents. C. of Schultze. Same as C, Olfactory. C, Seminal, any one of the epithelial cells contained in the membrana propria and constituting the seminal tubes. C. , Sphenoidal, one of the two large cavities in the interior of the body of the sphenoid bone. C, Squamous, a variety of epithelial cells. C, Stam- mer's, a variety of cell used in making galvanic batteries. C. -substance, in biology, the material composing a cell. C, Thoma-Zeiss. Same as C. , Abbe-Zeiss. C, Vasofactive, or Vasoformative, a cell that in embryonic or very early life, and probably in certain neoplasms, anastomoses with other similar cells so as to form blood-vessels. Cella (sel'-aK) [L.]. A portion of the paraceleextend- ing caudad from the porta. C. lateralis, the lateral ventricle of the brain, or one of its cornua. C. media the central comu of the lateral ventricle, or that part of the ventricle whence the cornua extend. Cellxform [sel'-e-form) [cella, a cell ; forma, shape]. Resembling a cell, but not such morphologically. Cf Celliform. Celliferous (sel-if -er-us) \cella, cell ; ferre, to bear]. Producing, forming, or bearing cells. Celliform ,(sel'-if-orm). See Cellceform. Celloid (sel'-oid) \cella, a cell ; fWof, form]. Resem- bling a cell. Celloidin {sel-oid'-in). A concentrated form of collodion for use in imbedding objects for histologic purposes. Cellula (sel'-u-laK). See Cellule. Cellulee gangliosae. Ganglion cells, or mesodermal' nerve cells ; neuroblasts. C. palpantes, tactile cells. Cellular {sel'-u-lar) \cella, cell] . Rela^ng to or com- posed of cells. C. Cartilage, cartilage composed mainly of large cells, with but little intercellular sub- stance. • C. Membrane, C. Tissue, areolar tissue; bony connective tissue ; cancellous tissue. C. Ther- apy, the name applied by Aulde to the method in therapeutics of exhibiting properly-selected medica- ments with a view to restoration of cell-function. It aims to apply scientifically those remedies that expe- rience has shown to possess special curative properties in the restoration of disordered functions. Cellule [sel'-ul) [^cellula, a small cell]. A small cell or cavity. Celluliferous {sel-u-lif -er-us) [cellula, a little cell ; ferre, to bear] . In biology, producing small cells. Cellulitis {sel-u-li'-tis) [cellula, a small cell ; itiq, in- flammation]. A diffuse inflammation of cellular tis- sue. C, Pelvic. See Parametritis. Celluloid [seP -u-loid)[cellula, a little cell ; eWof, form]. A valuable product of the action of camphor upon pyroxylin. It is prepared in a great variety of forms, both transparent and opaque, colored uniformly or mottled and striated. It cannot be caused to explode by heat, friction, or percussion. When brought into contact with flame it burns like paper. It dissolves in warm, moderately concentrated sulphuric acid, and is also soluble in glacial acetic acid, rapidly in warm, moderately concentrated nitric acid (four volumes of fuming acid to three of water), and in a hot, concen- trated solution of caustic soda. The density of cellu- loid ranges from 1. 310 to 1.393. When heated to 125° C. it becomes plastic and can be moulded into any de- sired shape. Separate pieces can also be welded together by simple pressure at this temperature. It is useful in various ways in surgery. It is used some- times to form a plastic base for artificial teeth, known by various names, as "Rose Pearl," "Pyroxylin," etc. See Zylonite. Cellulose [sel'-u-los) [cellula, a little cell], CjjHjjOjj. Wood fiber-; lignose. The principal ingredient of the cell-membranes of all plants. It is a white, amorphous mass, insoluble in most of the usual solvents. In biology, the primary substance of organic cell-walls, characteristic of plant-cells, but found in the Tunicaia among animals. It is dissolved by Schweitzer's re- agent (ammonium-cupric-oxid) and decomposed by several forms of bacteria, e.g., Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski ; Bacterium gummis , Comes, and Bacteri- um putredinis, Davaine. To stain. — Use Grenacher's Alcoholic Borax-Carmin, Ehrlich's or Delafield's Hematoxylin, Methyl-Green, Methylene-Blue, Safrot nin, Fuchsin, Chlor. Zinc, lodin, Phloroglucin, Anilin, Chlorid. See, also. Carbohydrates, Table of. Celology (sel-ol'-o-je) [n.fi'krj, hernia ; Idyo^, science]. That branch of surgical science that treats of hernia. CELOM 277 CENTER Celom, or Celoma (se'-lom, ox se-lo'-mah) [Koikuiia, a cavity]. A term used by embryologists and others to denote the body-cavity in its widest morphologic sense ; the space between the ectoderm and the ento- derm. Celophlebitis {se-lo-fle-bi' -tis) [fcoZAor, hollow ; i^Xh^, ■vein ; JT«f , inflammation] . Inflammation of a vena cava. Celophthalmia {se-loff-lhal' -me-ah) [/coi/lof, hollow ; b(l>8aXfi6(, eye]. Hollo wness of the eyes. Celoscope \se'-lo-skdp) [koI'miq, hollow ; aianrelv, to observe]. An instrument for examining the cavities of the body by means of the electric light, enclosed in a flask and mounted upon a glass shank. Celosis [se-lo'-sis) [/coj/iof, hollow]. The formation of any cavity. Celosoma (se-lo-so' -maK) \Kiihi, hernia; aafia, a body]. I . A species of single autositic monsters characterized by ' ' more or less extensive body-cleft with eventration, associated with various anomalies of the extremities, of the genito-urinary apparatus, of the intestinal tract, and even of the whole trunk." 2. A variety of the foregoing species in which there is a lateral or median eventration, with fissure, atrophy, or even total absence of the sternum, and protrusion of the heart. Celostomia (se-lo-sto' -me-ah) [KoT/Mq, hollow; arbfia, mouth] . HoUowness of the voice. Celotome (se'-lo-tom) \Kiikri, hernia; re/j-veiv, to cut]. A hernia-knife. Celotomy (se-lof -o-me) [^id/TiJi, hernia; Tifiveiv, to cut]. The operation for strangulated hernia by incision of the stricture. Celsus's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Celtis {sel'-tis) [L., an African species of lotus]. A genus of ulmaceous trees. C. australis, the European nettle-tree, honey-berry, or lote, has mild, astringent leaves and bark. C. occidentalis, the hackberry of N. America, has edible, astringent berries ; the bark is said to be anodyne, astringent, febrifuge. Unof. Cement {se-meni') \camentum, a rough stone]. ' Any plastic material capable of becoming hard and of binding together the objects that are contiguous to it ; filling-material for the teeth ; the crusta petrosa of the teeth. See Teeth. C.-disc, the glandular disc of orchids. C.-duct, the duct of the cement-gland in cirriped crustaceans. C, Shellac, a cement for seal- ing microscopic preparations and for making shallow cells. It is prepared by dissolving the gum or scales of shellac in about an equal volume of alcohol. Decemt or filter the fluid, and to prevent brittleness add to every 50 parts 5 parts each of castor oil and Venetian turpentine. Ceinentoblast [se-ment^ -o-blast ) \camentum, cement ; /3Aaffr(if , germ] . A cement-corpuscle in tooth-tissue ; more correctly, an osteoblast that takes part in the de- velopment of the dental cement. Cemento-dentinary (se-ment-o-den' -tin-a-re') [aement- um, cement; dens, dentis, a tooth]. Relating to the cement and dentine of a tooth. Cementoma (se-ment-o'-mah) [asmentum, cement; bjia, tumor: pi., Cemenloniata']. A tumor thrown out by the irritated alveolar periosteum. Cementum (se-ment'-itni). See Tooth and Cement. Cenanthy [se-nan' -the) [/cevtSf, empty; dvSof, flower]. •In biology, that condition of a flower in which the stamens and pistils are suppressed. Cenchrus (seng'-krus) [xiyxpoq, a small grain]. In biology, a small spot on the metathorax of an insect. -Cenesthesis {sen-es-the' -sis) [_Koiv6q, common ; aiatitiaig, feeling]. A sense of existence, either painful or pleasur- able. It is the prevailing conscious state of feeling, either of depression or of exaltation, which is the resultant of the subconscious organic sympathies of the whole organism. It does not exceed physiologic limits so long as it does not exclude the normal exercise of mental functions. Cenogenetic (se-no-jen-et'-ik) [imivbg, common; ykv- eai(, generation]. In biology, a modified, shortened, and simplified mode of development. Cenogenous {sen-oj'-en-us) [Koivdg, common ; j6voc, produced]. In biology, the power of reproducing by means of eggs at one time and viviparously at another, as seen in the Aphides. Cenosis (sen-o'-sis) [/t&uoi?, a draining]. Evacuation; apocenosis. Cenosphaera (sen-o-sfe' -rah ) \Ktv6q, empty ; '«j) [i'«'«,rjiseaiSe, Sclerose en plagues. Disseminated, multiple, or insular sclerosis. See Diseases, Table of. C.'s Joint, or Joint Disease. See Arthropathia and Diseases, Table of. C.-Leyden Crystals, microscopic, colorless, octahedral or rhomboidal crystals found in the intestinal tract in leukemic and anemic patients and in the sputum of asthmatic and bronchitic patients ; so called by Baumler. Same as Charcot- Neumann Crystals. See Sperniin. C.'s Method. See Hypno- tism. C.-Neumann Crystals. See Spermin. C.- Robin Crystals, crystals forming upon leukemic blood when allowed to stand exposed for a few days. C.'s Vibrating Arm-chair. See Shaking Cure. Charlatan {shaP-lat-an) [Sp., charlar, to prattle]. A quack ; a pretender to medical skill ; an advertising doctor. Charlatanoid (shar' -lat-an-oid) [Sp.. charlar, to prattle]. A term applied to an organism so closely resembling a charlatan as at times to be almost in- distinguishable. Charles's Law. See Law. Charpie (skar'-pe) [carpere, to pluck]. Picked or shredded lint ; linen shreds for dressing wounds. Charqui (char'-ke) [Chilian] . A name given in South America to strips and slices of beef freed from fat and dried rapidly by sun-heat and sprinkled with maize. Charriere's Guillotine. An ins'trument for excising the tonsils. See Operations, Table of. Charta (kar'-tah) [x^P'^Mi paper : gen. and pi., Chartce'\. A paper. In pharmacy, a strip of paper as an excip- ient, the fibers of which are impregnated with the prescribed medicinal substance. Also a wrapper for holding powders or medicines. Of the three official chartce, two are intended as vesicants. C. epispas- tica, or C. cantharidis, blistering-paper. C. em- poretica, porous or .bibulous paper. C. exploratoria, test-paper. C. sinapis, mustard-paper. Chartreuse (shar-trez') [Fr.]. A tonic cordial, ob- tained by distillation from various plants growing on the Alps. Chartula (kart'-u-lah) [dim. oi ckarta]. A little paper, especially a paper containing a single dose of a medic- inal powder. Chasma (kaz'-mak), or Chasmus (kaz'-mus) [;);a(T/iiif, a gaping]. A yawn. Chassaignac's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Chaste Tree (chast tre). See Agnus castus. Chaulmugra Oil (chawl-moog' -rah) [E. Ind.]. A fixed oil expressed from the seeds of Gynocardia odor- ata, a tree native to the E. Indies. It is soluble in alcohol, and its properties are due to gynocardic acid. It is thought to be useful in leprosy and is recom- mended in scaly eczema, psoriasis,, and syphilitic skin- affections. For external use, gr. xx of the acid ad gj of petrolatum. Internally, dose gtt. v-x of the oil, or gr. ss-iij of the acid, in capsules. All unof. Chaussier, Line of. See Lines, Table of. Chautard's Test. See Tests, Table of. Chauvel's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Chavibetol (chav-e-be' -tol) [chavica, or piper; betel], CiqHjjOji. a substance isomeric with eugenol; it occurs in oil of betel. Chavica (chav' -ik-ah) [native South Sea Island name]. A genus of plants including the long pepper and betel- pepper. Ciia.vic\n (chav'-is-in) [c^aOTca, a genus of plants]. An organic basic principle analogous to piperin, found in pepper. Chavicol (chav' -ik-ol) [chavica, a genus of plants], CjHjOH.CjHj. A substance occurring in the oil obtained from the leaves of Chavica betel. It is a colorless oil with a peculiar odor, and boils at 237° ; its sp. gr. at 20° is 1.035. Chawstick (ckaw'-stik). See Chewstick. Check (chek) [ME., c^^/J, a sudden stop]. Something restraining. C. -experiment. See Control. C- ligament. See Ligament. C.-observation. See Control. Checker-berry (chek'-er-ber'-e). A popular name for Gaultheria procumhens. Cheddar Cheese. See Cheese. CHEEK 285 CHEMOSIS Cheek {ckik) [ME., cheke\. The side of the face ; it is composed of fat, areolar tissue, muscles, etc. Cheese (chiz) [ME., chase'], A food prepared from the casein of skimmed or unskimmed milk. In the fol- lowing table the results of the researches of Payen on the composition of cheese are quoted in loo parts for the following kinds : (l) Brie, (2) Camembert, (3) Roquefort, {4) Double cream, (5) Old Neufchatel, (6) New Neufchatel, (7) Cheshire, (8) Gruydre, (9) Ordinary Dutch, (lo) Parmesan. The varieties under I, exhibit an alkaline reaction, and contain, with ammonia, cryptogamic plants, or, as it is termed, are moldy. The varieties under II, so-called boiled, strongly pressed, and salted cheese, exhibit an acid reaction, as alsQ does freshly prepared casein. I. I 2 3 4 5 Water 45-20 51.90 34-50 9-50 34-50 Nitrogenous matter, 18.50 18.90 26.50 18.40 13.00 Nitrogen, . . 2-93 300 4.21 2.92 3-31 Fatty matters, . . . 25.70 21.00 30.10 59-90 41.90 Salts 5.60 4.70 5-00 6.50 3.60 Non - nitrogenous 1 organic matter >- and loss, J 5.00 4-50 3-90 5-70 7.00 II. 6 7 8 9 10 Water 36.60 35-90 40.00 36.10 27.60 Nitrogenous matter, 8.00 26.00 31-50 29.40 44.10 Nitrogen, . 1.27 4-13 5-00 4.80 7.00 Fatty matters, . 40.70 26.30 24.00 27-50 16.00 Salts 0.50 4.20 3.00 0.90 5-70 Non - nitrogenous I organic matter > and loss, J 14.20 7.60 1.50 6.10 6.60 The character of a few of the different varieties of cheese is as follows : Neufchatel cheese is a Swiss cream cheese. Limburger cheese is a soft, fat cheese. Fromage de Brie is a soft French cheese, rapidly ripen- ing and developing ammoniacal compounds. Camem- bert cheese is also a cream cheese. Roquefort cheese is a cheese made from the milk of the ewe. Gruy^re cheese is a peculiarly flavored Swiss cheese. Ched- dar cheese is a hard cheese made from whole milk. Single and double Gloucester are made, the first from a mixture of skimmed and entire milk, and the second from the entire milk. Parmesan cheese is a very dry cheese, with a large amount of casein and only a moderate percentage of fat. Eidam cheese is a Dutch cheese, also relatively dry, and covered with red coloring. As to the bacillus of cheese see Spwillufn tyrogenum,, Denecke, under Bacteria, Table of. Cheese-rennet Uhlz'-ren-et). See Ladies' Bed-straw. Cheesy {chlz'-e) [ME. , chese]. Of the nature of cheese. C. Degeneration, caseous degeneration, or caseation. C. Tubercle, a mass of caseously degenerated tissue. Cheil-, or Cheilo- {kll-, or kil'-o-'). For words thus beginning see Chil-, or Chilo-. Cheiro- {kir'-o). For words thus beginning see Chiro-. Chekan, or Cheken [chek'-en) [Chilian], i. The leaves of Eugenia cheken, a South American shrub. Its properties are due to an alkaloid and a volatile oil. It is diuretic and expectorant and similar in action to eucalyptus. It is serviceable in chronic catarrh, laryn- gitis, etc. Dose of the fluid extract 3 ss-j. Unof. 2. The crude resin obtained from Cannabis indica. Chela (Jke'-lah) [^xvMt ^ claw]. In biology, the claw or pincers of a crustacean. Chelicera (ke-lis' -er-ah) \joikfi, a claw; idpa(, a horn]. In biology, a claw-like appendage of scorpions and spiders, containing a poison-gland in the latter. Chelidonic Acid (kel-id-on'-ik). See Acid. Chelidonin {kel-id-o' -nin) [;i;E^((J(iwoi', celandine], C,^- HjjNsO, + H2O, or CigH^NO^. A crystalline alkaloid of celandin [Chelidomum niajus), of a bitter and acrid taste, and forming colorless salts with acids. It is not a very active substance. See Sanguinarin. Chelidonium {kel-id-o' -ne-uni) \_xtKiS6viov, celandine]. Celandin. The leaves and stems of C. majus, with properties due to a number of alkaloids and acids. It is a drastic cathartic, and externally an irritant, and is of service in jaundice, whooping-cough, and catarrhal pneumonia. Dose of the plant gr. x-xxx; of the juice tr)^v-xx. Unof Chelidoxanthin {kel-id-oks-an' -thin) [;i;e/l.(di$vmv, celan- dine]. One of the bitter, crystalline constituents of celandin. Cheloid (ke'-loid) [xv^^, a claw ; d6og, form] . A raised or elevated fibroma of the skin ; so called from its fre- quent claw-shape. See also Keloid. Cheloma (ke-lo'-mah). Same as Keloid. Chelonin {kel'-on-in). See Balmony. Chelotomy {ke-lot'-o-me'). See Kelotomy. Chematropism (kem-at'-ro-pizni). See Chemotropism, and Chemotaxis. Cheinic, Chemical [kem'-ik, kem'-ik-al^ \^i)iJS',Ui, chemistry]. Of or pertaining to chemistry. C. Black. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C. Food, compound syrup of the phosphates, a very complex preparation used in disorders attended with impaired nutrition. C. Lung. See Neale's Lung. C. Pathology, the chemistry of disease. Chemico-radical Theory. A theory of the constitution of the carbon compounds. It is that the object of organic chemistry is the investigation and isolation of radicals as the more intimate components of the organic compounds, Chemiotaxis, Chimiotaxis {kem'-e-o-tdks-is, kim'-e-o- taks-is). See Chemotaxis. Chemise, Rectal {she-mez'). A form of surgical dressing made of muslin and applied after operations upon the rectum to control or prevent hemorrhage. Chemism {kem'-izm) \_xril^d<^, chemistry]. Chemic force. Chemistry [kem'-is-tre) [;i;!7/ieta, chemistry]. The sci- ence of the molecular and atomic structure of bodies. Chemocephalus [kem-o-sef -al-us) \_xafiai, low ; KeipaTk'^, head]. An individual possessed of a flat head. Chsmosis {ke-mo' -sis) [;);^^ua«r, a gaping]. Conjunc- tival and sub-conjunctival swelling. CHEMOTACTIC 286 CHIBRET'S OPERATION Chemotactic {klm-o-tak' -tik) [;^;?jUSiO, chemistry ; Ti^tQ, battle-array]. Pertaining or relating to chem- otaxis. Chemotaxis {kem-o-taks> -is) , Chemiotaxis (kem-e-o- taks'-is) [;i;;7|UEm, chemistry ; Toaauv, to order, arrange] . The property of cellular attraction and repulsion. It is displayed by the proteid constituents of the proto- plasm of various species of bacteria, as well as by proteids from a great variety of sources. The quali- fications positive and negative are added according as the phenomenon is one of attraction or repulsion. Chemotic (ke-mof -ik) [;f^|Uuo-(f, a gaping]. Pertaining to or marked by chemosis. Chemotropism {klm-of -ro-pizni) [;f(/,ue«i, chemistry ; TfKmil, a turning, a rout, a putting to flight]. In biology, the destruction of bacteria by phagocytes; the victory of the phagocytes over bacteria, or of bacteria over phagocytes. In biology, the attraction of leu- kocytes by certain chemic substances held in solution in the blood, either positive or negative. Cf. Chemo- taxis. Chenopodium (ken-o-po' -de-uni) \_xiiv, a goose ; ndSiov, a little foot]. American Wormseed; the fruit of C. ambrosioides, or anthelminticum, a plant native to the United States with properties due to a volatile oil, which is the only preparation used. It is a mild car- diac stimulant, promoting the secretions of the skin and kidneys, and also a very efficient anthelmintic against the round- worm. Dose of the oil m,v-xv. Cbeoplastic [ke-o-plas'-iik) [;);^e(1', to pour; TrTiacrTmSs, plastic] . Made soft and yielding by heat. C. Metal, an alloy composed of tin, silver, and bismuth, with a small trace of antimony. Cherry [cher'-e) [ME., chery'\. The bark of the com- mon cherry, Prunus serotina, a mild bitter and tonic, containing tannin. Doseof fid. ext. gss-j. Prunin, a concentrated ext. Dose gr. j-iij. C.-Compound, each Oj represents cherry-bark ^ viij, lettuce ,^iij, horehound g iijss, bloodroot ^j, veratrum viride Jss. Dosen\,xv-gj. AUunof. 'ae.^ti^so Choke-cherry «tA Prunus virginiana. C. -laurel, the European ever- green cherry, Prunus lauro-cerasus. Water distilled from its leaves is used in the same way as dilute hy- drocyanic acid. See Acid, Hydrocyanic. Cheselden's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Chest. See Thorax. C, Barrel-, a peculiar formation of the chest observed in cases of long-standing em- physema of the lungs ; it is round like a barrel, and in respiration is lifted vertically instead of being expanded laterally. See Emphysema, C.-founder. See Founder. C. Sv^eetbread. See Sweetbread. Chestnut. See Castanea. C. Extract. See Horse- chestnut-bark. C.-virood, a wood used in leather- manufactures, derived from the Castanea v'esca, and containing from eight to ten per cent, of a tannin that closely resembles gallotannic acid. The extract, containing from 14 to 20 per cent, of tannin, is used largely to modify the color produced by hem- lock extract and for tanning and dyeing. Chevreul's Test. See Tests, Table of. Chevron-bone (shev' -ron-boti) \WL: , capro , s. rafter; /5o!7», bone]. One of two bones forming a V-shaped arch beneath the caudal portion of the back-bone of many animals. Chewstick [ME., chewen, to chew ; stiken, to pierce]. The bark of Gonania domingensis, a popular aro- matic bitter in the West Indies. It is also used as a dentifrice and masticatory. Dose of ihe fld. ext. gj-ij. Unof. Cheyne's Operation. See Operations, Table of Cheyne-Stokes Breathing or Respiration. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. C. Nystagmus, a variety of nystagmus in which the oscillations of the Tracing of Cheyne-Stokes Breathing. eyeball have a rhythmic variation similar to the rhythm of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Chian {ki' -an) [;i;iOf, Chios]. Pertaining to Chios, an island in the .iEgean Sea. C. Turpentine. See Terebinthina. Chiasm, Chiasma {ki'-azm, ki-az'-mah) [;t;i(ifeji;, to make a cross, as an X]. The optic commissure. Optic Chiasm and Adjacent Parts. I. Infundibulum. i. Tuber cinereum. 3. Corpora albicantia, or mammillaria. 4. Crus cerebri. 5. Pons varolii. 6. Middle cerebellar peduncle. 7. Anterior pyramid. 8. Decussation. 9. Olivary Dody. 10. Gray tubercle of Rolando. 11. Arci- form libers. 12. Superior extremity of spinal cord. 13, 13. Denticulate ligament. 14. Spinal dura mater. 15. Optic tract. 16. Optic chiasm. 17. 3d nerve. 18. 4th nerve. 19. 5th nerve. 20. 6th nerve. 21. Facial nerve. 22. Audi- tory nerve. 23. Nerve of Wrisberg. 24. Glosso-pharyn- geal nerve. 25. Pneumogastric nerve. 26, 26. Spinal accessory nerve. 27. Hypoglossal. 28. ist cervical pair. 29. 2d cervical pair. 30. 3d cervical pair. Chiastometer ( ki-as-tom'-et-er ) [ ;f(a(jTi5f, crossed ; lihpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring any deviation of the optic axes from parallelism. Chibou [see-boo') [Fr.]. The resin or gum of Bursera gummlfera, a tree of Florida and tropical America; it is locally valued in diseases of the lung and kidneys, and is used in various plasters and ointments; it is called also cachibou and archipin. Unof. Chibret's Operation. See Operations, Table of. CHICA RED 287 CHINESE Chica Red {che'-kah) [S. Amer.]. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Chick Pea [chi¥ pe) [ME., chick-pea]. The plant Cicer arietinum ; also the pulse derived from it ; much used as an article of food in various countries. Lathy- rism (apparently chronic oxalic-acid poisoning), q. v., . sometimes results from the too free use of the chick- pea as a food. Chickahominy Fever (chik-a-hom'-in-e fe'-ver). See Fever. Chicken (<:/«i'-«») [ME., ^,42i?«, a chicken]. A domes- tic fowl. C. Breast, an abnormally prominent condi- tion of the sternum and of the sternal region ; pigeon- breast ; it is seen in rhachitic persons, etc . C. Cholera, See Cholera. C.-fat Clot. A clot of blood consist- ing largely of fibrin, yellowish in color, and contain- ing but few red-cells. C.-pox. See Varicella. Chicle (chik'-l) [S. Amer.]. A gum obtained from the Achras sapota, a tree of tropical America, and used as a masticatory. Chico Red {che'-ko) [S. Amer.]. Same as Chica Red. Chicory {chik'-or-e) [_idxppa, chicory]. Cichorium intybtis, a. composite plant of Europe and Asia, natur- alized and growing in thfe United States. Its ground- root is used to adulterate cofiFee. Chicot {che'-ko) [Fr.]. Kentucky Coffee Bean. The seeds of Gymnocladus canadensis. Chicot contains a volatile oil and a glucosid, and is probably a cere- bro-spinal stimulant. It is sometimes used as a sub- stitute for coffee. Unof. Chiene's (John) Method. A method of locating the fissure of Rolando. A square piece of paper is folded once, so as to form a triangle. Either of the two equal angles is then 45°. One free edge is then folded back so that this angle is bisected, thus form- ing an angle of 22.5°. The paper is then unfolded at the first crease, so as to secure an angle of 67.5, the apex of which is placed ^ inch behind the mid-point between the glabella and the inion,so that the straight side of the paper corresponds to the middle of the anterior aspect of the head ; the other margin of the paper, the fold, corresponds to the fissure of Rolando, the length of which is about 3^ inches. C.'s Opera- tion. See Operations, Table of. Chignon Fungus [shen-yon') [Fr.]. A fungoid dis- ease of the hair in which oval or roundish masses sur- round the hair-shaft at irregular intervals. It is also miscalled Chignon gregarine. Chigoe (chig'-o) [Fr., Chique]. Sand-flea; Sarcop- sylla penetrans, a small parasite of the skin, affecting usually that portion between the toes and fingers ; also the red harvest mite, Leptus irritans. It is also written chigo, chegoe, chigga, ckiggre, chigger, jigger. See Parasites (Animal^, Table of. Chilblain [chil'-blan) [AS., cele, cold ; blegan, to boil]. Pernio ; Erythema pernio. An erythematous local inflammation and swelling of the skin, due to cold. It is most common in the young of lymphatic consti- tution. The symptoms are an eruption of circular, raised erythematous spots, attended with severe itch- ing or burning ; later, bullae may form, and these may lead to ulceration. Child [child) [WE., child : pi.. Children']. A young person. C.-bed, the popular term for the condition of a woman during and after labor. C.-bed Fever. See Puerperal Fever. C. -birth, parturition. C- crowing, the crowing sound of the respiration that characterizes Laryngismus stridulus, q. v. C.-hood, the age of childishness ; the period before puberty. C.-murder. See Infanticide. Children's Diseases. See Pediatrics. Chile (chil'-e). See Capsicum. Chili Saltpeter. See Sodium. Chilitis {kll-i'-tis) \_xv.\o^, lip]. Inflammation of a lip. Chill {ckil) [ME., chil]. A sensation of cold accom- panied by shivering, usually appearing shortly after exposure to cold or wet. It is frequently the initial symptom of grave acute disorders, as pneumonia, etc. It is a prominent symptom of various forms of malarial fever. See Rigor. Chilli (chil'-e). See Capsicum and African Pepper. Chills and Fever. A popular term for intermittent fever. Chilo-angioscope {ki-lo-an' -je-o-skop) [;tf£iAof , lip ; ayyuav, vessel ; am-Kuv, to look] . An apparatus for observing the circulation of the blood in the human lip. Chilocace (kil-ok' -as-e) [;);ei^f, lip; KCKdg, evil]. A firm, reddish swelling of the lip in scrofulous children. Chiloglossa (ki' -lo-glos-ah) [;tfEiAof , lip ; -ykuaaa, tongue] . In biology, the anterior lip, or the mem- branous protuberance that lies in front of the mandibles and is continued under these in certain arthropods. Chilogramma [ki-lo-gram.' -mah) [;i;eZAof , lip ; ypafifia, a mark : pi., Chilogrammata]. Jadelot's labial line. See Lines, jadelot's. Chiloma (ki-lo' -mah ) [xeikuiia, a lip]. In biology, a projecting thickened upper lip — as in the camel. Chiloplasty [ki' -lo-plas-te) [;tfeZ/lof, lip; ■KWaaaecv, to form]. Any plastic operation upon the lip. Chilorrhagia {ki-lor-a' -je-aK) [xED\joq, lip ; p^yvvvac, to burst forth] . Hemorrhage from the lips. Chiloschisis [ki-los'-Ais-is) \_x£l'^Q, lip ; oxioi.^, a split]. Hare-lip. Chimaphila {ki-maf -il-ah) \_x€i^a, winter; ee Buccula. C. -cough, whoop- ing-cough. C.-jerk. See Jaw-jerk, and Reflexes, Table of. C. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. China (kin' -ah, or ke'-nah) [Sp.]. Same as Cinchona. China (chi'-nah) [Pers. , Chlnl, China] . A country of Asia. C.-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C- clay. ?>ee Pigments, Conspectus of. C. -grass, Ramie; a soft, silky vegetable substance used as a sur- gical dressing ; the fiber of Bcehmeria nivea. C- root, the rhizome of Smilax china, a plant of Eastern Asia ; it is used as a substitute for true sarsaparilla. Unof. C.-root, False, the plant Smilax pseudo- china of N. America. Unof. C.-white. Same as White Lead. Chinese (chi-nls', or -nez) [Pers., Chlnl, China]. Per- taining or belonging to China. C. Catarrh. Synonym of Influenza. C. Foot, a deformed and undeveloped foot due to atrophy from compression. It is a popular fashion simong Chinese ladies. C. Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C. Red. Same as Ver- milion. C. Twist, a name given to a variety of silk-thread used in surgery. C. ^Vax, Insect Wax ; a CHINOIDIN 288 CHLORAL substance deposited by an insect, Coccus cerifera, upon the Chinese ash-tree. It is a white, very crystalline, and brittle wax, resembling spermaceti in appearance, with a specific gravity of .973 at 15° C. ; it fuses at 82° to 83° C. It is slightly soluble in alcohol and ether, very soluble in benzene. It is used in candle- making. C. White. Same as Zinc-white. C. Yellow. Same as King's Yellow and Ocher. Chinoidin, or Chinoidinum (kin-oi'-din, or kin-oi-din'- um) [Sp., China]. Quinoidin. A mixture of amorphous alkaloids obtained in the manufacture of quinin. It has the therapeutic properties of quinin. Chinolin {kin'-o-Kn). See Chinolina and Quinolin. Chinolina {kin-o-li' -nah) \china, quinin], C5H,N. Chinolin, Leukolin. An alkaloidal derivative of quinin and cinchonin, occurring also in coal-tar. It is now generally prepared by heating auilin or nitro-benzol with glycerin and a dehydrating agent. It is a valu- able antiseptic and antipyretic, and is useful in pneu- monia and typhus and other fevers. It is commonly used in the form of the tartrate because of the deli- quescence of the other salts. Dose ttLiij to x ; of the tartrate gr. v— xv. Unof. Chinovin {kin' -o-vin') \_china, quinin], Cg^tlggOg. A glucosid obtained from Cinchona. Chinwrhelk. Synonym of Tinea sycosis. Chiococca {ki-o-kok' -ah) [x^uv, snow; /ciS/cKOf, aberry], A genus of rubiaceous plants. See Cahinca. Chionanthin {ki-o-nan' -thin) [;ti(Ji', snow ; avBoQ, a flower]. A precipitate from the tincture of the root- bark of Chionanthus virginiana ; it is an aperient, diuretic, tonic, and narcotic. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. Chionanthus [ki-o-nan' -thus) [x^^^t snow ; avdo;, a flower]. A genus of oleaceous trees and shrubs. C. virginiana, fringe-tree or poison-ash. The root is used as a vulnerary. See also Fringe-tree. Unof. Chionyphe (ki-on'-if-e) \jxi-i>v,sa.o^\ i^^, a texture]. A genus of fungi. C. carter!, a parasitic fungus, apparently the cause of the disease known as Fungus Foot, or Madura Foot, q. v. Chip Blower (chip blo'-er). A warm-air blow-pipe. Chiragra [ki-ra' -grah) [;i;«p, the hand; aypa, a seiz- ure] . Gout in the hand. Chirarthritis (ki-rar-thri' -tis) [x^'i-Pt hand; apOpov, a joint ; CTtc, inflammation] . Rheumatism or arthritis of the hand. Chirata [ke-ra'-tah, or che-ra'-tah) [Hind., cJiiraeta a species of gentian]. Chiretta. The entire plant, Swertia chirata. It resembles gentian in its thera peutic properties, and is an excellent tonic. It does not contain any tannin. Dose of the powdered plant gr. xv-xxx. C., Fid. Ext., in glycerin and alcohol. Dose TT\,xv-xxx. C, Infusum (B. P.). Dose a wineglassful. C, Tinct., ten per cent, in strength. Dose 5 ss-ij. Chiratin [kir-at'-in) [Hind., chiraeta, a species of gentian], C^^H^fi^^. A light-yellow, crystalline, bitter glucosid, obtained from Chirata. Chiretta {kir-et'-ah). See Chirata. Chirettin (kir-et'-in) [Hind., chiraeta, SuSpe.a&'i of gen- tian], A precipitate obtained from the tincture of chirata. Chirismus (ki-ris' -mus) \_xzipLafi6^, a handling]. I. Manipulation ; a kind of massage. 2. Spasm of the hand. C'tAxoma.nzy [ki' -ro-man-se) . See Palmistry. Chiropelvimeter (ki-ro-pel-vim' -et-er) \_xeip, the hand ; pelvis, the pelvis ; fikrpav, a measure] . An instrument for use in the manual measurement of the pelvis. Chiropodist [ki-rop' -o-dist) \_x^U'y hand ; 7ro6f , 7ro(5(if, foot] . A surgeon or person who professionally treats diseases of the hands and feet, especially corns, bun- ions, etc. Chiro-Pompholyx (M-ro-pom' -fo-liks) [x^ip, hand; 5ri5(U^oA«f, blister]. Dysidrosis; pompholyx; an ill- defined, inflammatory skin-disease confined to 'the hands and feet, and characterized by the development of peculiar vesicles or blebs, arranged in groups. They are deeply seated and distributed chiefly on the soles and palms and sides of the fingers. Itching, burning, pain, and stiffness are present. The disease is common in neurotic women in the prime of life ; it is almost invariably recurrent, and is rare in winter. Chirurgeon {ki-rer' -jon) [^x^tpovpydg, a sm-geon]. A surgeon. Chirurgia (ki-rer' -je-aK) [^x^'ip, hand; Ipyov, work]. Surgery. Chiriiigica.! (ki-rer' -j'ik-al) [;i;ej/!)oi;pyia, surgery]. Per- taining to surgery. Chirurgien Dentiste (ki-rer' -je-en den-tist') [Fr.]. Surgeon-dentist. Chisel Cramp (chiz' -el-kramp) . See Cramp. Chitin (ki'-tin) [y^i-Titv, a tunic], Cj^Hj^N^Oj^. The substance composing the chief part of the exoskeleton of many invertebrates, as crabs, lobsters, etc. It is the animal analogue of the cellulose of plants. Whenheated with concentrated HCl it is decomposed into glycosamin and acetic acid. Glycosamin (CjHjjNOj) , crystallizes from alcohol in fine needles, is dextro-rotatory, and re- duces Fehling' s fluid to the same extent as does dex- trose, but is not fermentable. C. Substance, a gela- tinous substance found in hydatid cysts. Chittim Bark (chit'-im bark). See Cascara Sagrada. Chlamydate [klam' -id-at) \_x'^l'-^Q, a mantle]. In biology, provided with a pallium or mantle. Chlamydeous (klam-id' -e-us) \j(\ai'-'og, a mantle]. In biology, pertaining to the floral envelops. Chlamydospore (klam' -id-o-spor) \_x'^fivg, mantle; OTTopd, seed]. In biology, applied to a spore having its own protective envelop. Chloasma (klo-az'-mah) [;i;;^o(Sfeiv, to be pale-green]. Melanoderma ; melasma ; a condition characterized by dyschromise of the skin of various sizes and shapes, and of a yellow, brown, and black color. They occur chiefly upon the face, and are idiopathic or symptomatic in character. An old name for Tinea versicolor, C. hepaticum. Liver-spots ; a form following dyspepsia and popularly associated with hepatic disturbance. C. phthisicorum, the brown patches upon the skin of the forehead or upper portions of the cheeks in tuberculous patients. C. uterinum, chiefly located on the fore- head, temples, cheeks, nipples, and median line of abdomen. They are marked during pregnancy, and often during menstruation. Chloracetic Acid (klo-ras-e'-tik). See Acid. Chloral (klo'-ral) \chlorin ; aldehyd], CjCljHO. A pungent, colorless, mobile liquid. The name is often misapplied to chloral hydrate. C. Butylicum, Butyl- Chloral Hydrate (B.P.), croton-chloral, C^HjClsO,- HjO, a solid occurring in crystalline scales, resembling chloral hydrate, but made with butyl, CjH,, as a base, instead of ethyl, CjHj. Its properties are parallel to those of chloral, but are much feebler. Dose gr. v-xx in syrup. Syrupus Butyl-Chloral, 16 grains to the ounce. Dose g j-iv. Unof. C. Hydrate, a colorless, crystalline solid having the composition CjHCl3(HO)2, the hydrate of chloral. It is a powerful hypnotic, anti- spasmodic, and depressant to the cerebral, medullary, and spinal centers, and, to a limited extent, is an anesthetic. It is serviceable in fevers accompanied by cerebral excitement, in chorea, convulsions, and all affections requiring a cerebral depressant, and is excellent in delirium tremens, but should be used with CHLORALAMID 289 CHLOROMA great caution. Dose gr. v-xx ; smaller if combined with potassiimi or sodium bromid. C, Syrupus (B.P.). Dose 3ss-ij. C.-urethane, See Uralium. CYi\oTa\a.mH{klo-ral-am'-id)[chloral; amid'], CCljCH- QT_T ^NHPHO" ^ name inaptly applied to chloral for- mamidate. In doses of 30 to 45 grains it is a hypnotic. Cbloralid (klo'-ral-id) {chloral], C^jillfi^. A sub- stance obtained when trichlorlactic acid is heated to 150°, with an excess of chloral ; it crystallizes from alcohol and ether in large prisms, is insoluble in water, and melts at from 114° to 115° ; it boils at from 272° to 273°. Chloralimid [klo-ral'-im-id] \chloral ; imid], CCI3.- GH.NH. A hypnotic allied to chloral, soluble in alcohol. Dose same as that of chloral hydrate. Unof. Chloralism (klo' -ral-izm) {chloral]. I. Chloral- poisoning ; the morbid state caused by the injudicious use of chloral. 2. The habit of using chloral. Chloralize [klo'-ral-lz] [fhloral]. To put under the in- fluence 6f chloral. Chloralose (klo' -ral-os) [chloral ; glucose]. Anhydro- glycochloral ; a product of the action of anhydrous chloral upon glucose. Chloramyl {klo' -ram-il) . See Anesthetic. Chloranemia [klo-ran-e' -me-aK). Synonym of Chlo- rosis. Chloranil (klo' -7-an-il) [chlorin], CgCl^O,. A com- pound obtained from many benzene compounds (anilin, phenol, isatin) by the action of chlorin or potassium chlorate and HCl. It consists of bright, golden leaflets, insoluble in water, but soluble in hot alcohol and ether. Chlor-anodjme (klor-an' -o-dln) [chlorin ; av priv. ; bSvvri, -pa-m], A proprietary remedy introduced as an improvement on chlorodyne. It contains morphin hydrochlorate, tinct. cannab. Ind., chloroform, dilute hydrocyanic acid, and aromatics. Dose for an adult rT{,xv. Unof. Chloranthus (klo-ran' -thus) [x^'^P^it yellowish-green ; avdoQ, a flower]. A genus of chloranthaceous plants of hot climates. C. officinalis, of Java, is a valuable febrifuge and anti-spasmodic. Unof. Chlorate (klo' -rat) [chlorin] . Any salt of chloric acid. See Potassii chloras; Sodii chloras, etc. Chloremia (klo-re'-me-ah^^ycfyapbq, green ; cCifia, blood]. A blood-disorder, either idiopathic or associated with other ailments, consisting in a diminution of the per- centage of the hemoglobin and a decrease in the number of red blood-corpuscles. Chlorethyl (klo-reth'-il). See Ethyl chlorid. Chloric (klo'-rik ) [chlorin] . Pertaining to or contain- ing chlorin. C. Acid. See Acid. C. Ether, i. ^aa Ethyl chlorid. 2. See Spiritus Chloroformi. Chlorid (klo' -rid) [chlorin]. In chemistry, o. binary compound, one of the elements of which is chlorin. C. of Iron Test. See Tests, Table of. C. of Methyl. See Anesthetic. Chlorids, Test for. See Tests, Table of. Chlorin, or Chlorine (klo'-rin) [x>^^pic, green]. CI = 35-5 ; quantivalence I. A non-metallic element. At ordinary temperatures it is a greenish-yellow gas, prepared by decomposing sodium chlorid, NaCl. It is highly irritative to the skin and mucous membranes, producing spasmodic closure of the glottis. It is the most valuable of disinfectants. Chlori, Aqua, C, Liquor (B. P.), chlorin water, contains 4 per cent, of the gas in solution. It is a good antiseptic wash. Dose, internally, rr\^x-xxx. Calx Chlorinata, "chlorid of lime," a hypochlorite of calcium contain- ing free chlorin; a valuable disinfectant. Dose, in- ternally, gr. iij-vj. Calx Chlorat, Liq. (P. B.), con- 19 tains I pound of the salt per gallon of water. Sodiuia Chlorat., Liq., Labarraque's Solution, sodium carbon- ate 10, calx chlorinata 8, water ad 100. Dose n\, x- 3 j in 20 parts of water. Chlorin Vapor (B. P.), used for inhalation. C. -Hunger, the condition of the body when chlorin (usually in the form of common salt) is lacking. Among the immediate results of this deficiency are indigestion and albuminuria. Chloroanemia (klo-ro-an-e' -me-ah ) . Synonym of Chlorosis. Chlorobrom (kU -ro-brom) [chlorin; bromin]. A solution each ounce of which contains 30 grains of chloralamid and potassium bromid. It is a hypnotic. Chlorocruorin (klo-ro-kru' -or-in) [xki^pb^, green ; cruor, blood]. A green respiratory pigment from the greenish blood of the Sabella. Chlorodyne (klo'-ro-dtn) [x^opd^, green; bdiivrj, pain]. A proprietary remedy supposed to contain chloroform, ether, morphin, cannabis Indica, hydrocyanic acid, and capsicum. The various imitations differ widely. It is a good anodyne and narcotic. Dose TtL x-xxx, with care. Unof. Chloroform (klo' -ro-form) [chloroformum, chloroform : gen., Chlorofomii]. Methyl Terchlorid, CHClj. A heavy, colorless, volatile liquid obtained by the action of chlorinated lime on methyl alcohol. (The commer- cial article, C. venale, contains 2 per cent, of impurities and is unfit for administration.) Administered inter- nally, chloroform produces narcosis and violent gastro- enteritis. Chloroform has an agreeable odor and a sweetish taste. It solidifies in the cold, melts at 71° C, boils at 6i° C, and its specific gravity is 1.526. It is excellent in true cholera and in similar diseases of the stomach and bowels. Externally, it is much employed as an ingredient of rubefacient and anodyne liniments. Mixed with a large per cent, of air and inhaled, the vapor is one of the most valuable of general anesthedcs. but occasionally (l : 3000) causing death by cardiac paralysis. See Anesthetic. Deep injections in the vicinity of the sciatic nerve are recommended in sciatica. C, Alcoholized, a mixture of chloroform and alcohol. C, Ammoniated, equal parts of am- monia in alcohol and chloroform ; antipyretic and anodyne. Unof. C, Aqua. Dose ^ ss-ij. C, Lini- ment, contains chloroform 30, soap-liniment 70. C, Liniment., Comp., contains chloroform gj, oil of turpentine ^ j, tincture of opium 3 iv, tincture of aco- nite 3 ij. Unof C, Emulsum, chloroform 4, ex- pressed oil of almond 6, tragacanth 1.5, water q. s. Dose 3J-2U- C'l Spt., pure chloroform 6, alcohol 94 parts. Dose TT\,x-3J. Tinct. chloroformi etmor- phinse (B. P.), a substitute for chlorodyne. Each dose oi ten minims contains chloroform tt\,l^, ether rt\,i^, alcohol V\J.]i, morphin hydrochlorate gr. ^j^j, dilute hydrocyanic acid tT\_f^, oil of peppermint Tt\,,ij, fluid extract of licorice Tt\,l>^, treacle and syrup q. s. Tinct. C. Comp. (B.P.), chloroform 2, alccAol 8, comp. tinct. of cardamon 10. Dose ttl^xx-3J. Chloroformism (klo' -ro-for-mizm) [chloroformum, chloroform]. I. The use of chloroform to excess for its narcotic effect. 2. The symptoms produced by this use of the drug. Chlorolymphoma (klo-ro-limf-o' -mah) [x'MjpiQ, green ; lympha, ^a.ter ; 6/ia, a. tumor]. Another name for chloroma ; it is thought by some to be a variety of lymphoma, from its containing lymphocytes. Chloroma (klo-ro' -mah) [xh^pbq, yellowish-green ; hua, a tumor: pi., Chloromata]. " Green cancer"; a rare variety of sarcoma,, of a greenish tint, usually seatea upon the periosteum of the bones of the head, or upon the dura. CHLORONITROBENZENE 290 CHOLECYSTORRAPHY Chloronitrobenzene (klo-ro-ni-tro-ben' -zln) \)(%up6i, green; nitrum, niter; benzoin\. One of the ingre- dients of A'obusite, q. v. Chlorophane (klo' -ro-fdn) [;i;A(jp(5f, green; (paiveaBai., to appear]. A yellowish-green chromophane. See Chromophanes. Chlorophyl (klo' -ro-fil') [;i-/oM> bile ; ayay6(, carrying off]. I. Stimulating the flow of bile. 2. . A ctttrlagogue. Cbolagogue [kol'-ag-og) \x'>>^'h> bile ; ayuyb^, leading]. Any medicine that promotes the flow of bile ; an agent that is supposed to stimulate the secretion or excretion of bile. Cholalic Acid [jko-lal'-ik). See Choloidinic Acid. Cholangitis [ko-lan-ji'-tis) [x^^^t bile ; ayyelov, a ves- sel]. Inflammation of a bile-duct. It is attended with ague-like paroxysms, chills, fever, and sweating, and jaundice of varying intensity. Chelate [kol'-dt) \^oki], bile]. Any salt of cholic acid. Choleate [kol'-e-at) [;t;oAi7,bile]. Any salt of choleic acid. Cholecyanin (kol-e-si'-an-in). See Bilicyanin. Cholecyst [kol'-e-sist) [;tfo/li^, bile ; iciaTig, a bladder]. The gall-bladder. Cholecystectasia [kol-e-sis-tek-ta' -se-ah) [;)fo/l^, bile; /cdaTjf , tt cyst ; feraaff, a distention]. Distention or dilatation of the gall-bladder. Cholecystectomy (kol-e-sis-tek' -io-me) [;t:o/l^, bile; Kharic, bladder ; ekto/i^, a cutting off] . Excision of the gall'bladder. Cholecystendysis {kol-e-sis-ten' -dis-is) \^xoMt bile; Kvarig, a bladder; Ivdvaig, an entering]. Cholecys- totomy, g. v. Q,ho\ecys\snX.&LOStoTny{^kol-e-sis-ten-ter-os'-to-me)[x'>^'^y bile ; iciuTic:, a bladder ; ivrepov, intestine ; oTip-a, a mouth]. Incision of the gall-bladder and intestine, with suture of the intestinal wound to that of the gall-bladder, so as to relieve the effects of obstruction of the gall-duct by opening a new passage into the intestine. Cholecystic (kol-e-sis' -tik) [^xo^, bile ; Kvaric, a blad- der]. Relating to the gall-bladder. Cholecystitis [kol-e-sis-ti' -lis) [x"^^^ bile; 'icban;, bladder; mg, inflammation]. Inflammation of the gall-bladder. Cholecystocolostomy {kol-e-sis-to-ko-los' -to-me) \xoKi], bile ; icvcTig, a. bladder ; kSXctv, the colon ; np'li, a cutting]. The surgical establishment of a passage between the gall-bladder and the colon. Cholecystolithotripsy [kol-e-sis-to-lith' -o-trip-se') {jolii, bile ; KbartQ, a bladder ; XiBog, a stone ; rptPeiv, to crush]. The crushing of gall-stones in the gall-bladder. Cholecystoncus (kol-e-sis-tong'-kus) [;i;oAi^,bile; /Aotk, bladder; S/Kof, a tumor]. A swelling or tumor of the gall-bladder. Cholecystorrhaphy [iol-e-sist-or' -a-/e) [xo^^t bile; K/ bile ; Kvaric, bladder ; rifivEiv, to cut]. Incision of the gall-bladder to remove gall-stones, etc. Choledoch{,4o/'-^-i/ci/5)[;t;oA(^,bile ; (S^x^o-fioi, to receive]. I. Conducting bile. 2. A bile-duct. 3. The common bile-duct. Choledochitis {kol-ed-o-ki' -tis) [^x°M, bile ; S^x^aBm, to receive ; mg, inflammation]. Inflammation of the choledoch duct. Choledocho-duodenostomy {kol-ed-o-ko-du-od-en-os' - to-me) \j(o\ij, bile ; Skxtodai, to receive ; duodecim, twelve; arS/ia, mouth]. The surgical establishment of a passage between the common bile-duct and the duodenum. Choledocho-enterostomy {kol-ed-o-ko-en-ter-os' -to-me) \j(0%ri, bile ; StxtaQai, to receive ; ivrepov, bowel ; BTd/ia, mouth]. The surgical establishment of a pass- age between the cavity of the choledoch duct and the small intestine. Choledocholithotripsy [kol-ed-o-ko-lith' -o-trip-se) £x°M, bile ; dtx^ndai, to receive ; Xidog, a stone ; rpi^uv, to rub]. The crushing of a gall-stone in the ductus choledochus. Choledochostotny (kol-ed-o-kos' -to-me) \_xo'kil, bile ; Mx^oSai, to receive ; ardfia, mouth] . The formation of a flstula in the gall-duct through the abdominal wall. Choledochotomy {kol-ed-o-kof -o-me) [x°^^t bile ; 6ix^adai, to receive ; Toiiij, section]. Opening of the common bile-duct by incision. Choledochus (kol-ed' -o-kus) [xo^, bile; SixeaBai., to receive]. Receiving or holding bile. C, Ductus Communis, the common excretory duct of the liver and gall-bladder. Choledology {koUed-oV -o-je) \_xokii, bile; "kbyziv, to speak]. The sum of knowledge concerning che bile. Choleic (kol-e'-ik) \_x'>^'h, bile]. Pertaining to the bile. Cholein {kol'-e-in) [xoM> bile]. A mixture of several principles of the bile ; a fatty principle found in bile. Cholelith [koV -e-lith) [;t;oAi7, bile ; A(0oc, a stone] . A biliary calculus or gall-stone. Cholelithiasis (kol-e-lith-i' -as-is) [x"^^; bile ; Ai'floc, a stone]. The presence of, or a condition associated with, calculi in the gall-bladder or in a gall-duct. Cholemesis {kol-em' -es-is) \_x°'^'h, bile ; ijiemg, vomit- ing] . The vomiting of bile. iCholemia {ko-le' -me-ah) \_xoyi, bile; oI|Ua, blood]. The presence of bile in the blood. Cholemic {ko-le' -mik) [xo^t bile; al/ia, blood]. Re- lating to cholemia; marked or caused by cholemia. Cholepyrrhin (kol-e-pir' -in) {^o^, bile ; Trvp/iiif , orange- colored] . The brown coloring-matter of bile. Also called Bilepyrrhin. Cholera (kol'-er-ah) \j(o'Xipa; from x°^^t bile]. A name given to a number of acute diseases charac- terized mainly by large discharges of fluid material from the bowels. A synonym of C. asiatica. C. asiatica, an acute, specific, highly malignant dis- ease, existing in India and the tropics of Asia during the entire year, and occasionally spreading as an epidemic over large areas. It is character- ized by excessive vomiting, alvine discharges resemb- ling flocculent rice-water, severe cramps, collapse, and frequently death. The rate of mortality varies from 10 to 66 per cent., the average being over 50 per cent. The cause or specific virus is very generally believed to be the so-called " comma bacillus'''' of Koch, which is contained in the rice- water discharges. Cultures of this germ have in some instances produced the disease and in others Iiave failed. The virus, whatever it may be, commonly gains entrance into the system by means of the drink- ing-water ; hence in cases of threatened epidemic, and during the prevalence of an epidemic the purity of the water-supply should be carefully investigated. C, Bilious, a form of the disease attended with exces- sive discharge of bile. C, Chicken, a very fatal epi- demic disease of fowls, marked by tumefaction of the lymphatic glands, with inflammation and ulceration of the digestive organs. The symptoms peculiar to cholera are wanting. C. , English. See C. nos- tras. C, European. See C. , Simple. C. gravior. Synonym of C. asiatica. C.-hand, a livid, grayish- blue, corrugated state of the palms of the hand from immersion in water. It is present in death from drowning, and is also called " washerwoman's hand." C, Hog, an infectious disease attacking swine and characterized by a patchy redness of the skin, with inflammation and ulceration of the bowels, enlargement of the abdominal glands, and congestion of the lungs. C. infantum, the " summer com- plaint" of infants and young children; an acute dis- ease occurring in warm weather, and characterized by gastric pain, vomiting, purgation, fever, and prostra- tion. The cause of the disease is the prolonged action of heat, together with errors in diet and hygiene. It is most common among the poor and in hand-fed babes. The disease is of short duration, death fre- quently ensuing in three to five days. C. infec^ tiosa. See Cholera asiatica. C. morbus, an acute catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, with enteric pain, purging, vomiting, spasmodic contractions of the muscles, etc. It is a disease of the heated term and is very similar to Asiatic cholera in its symptomatology. C. nostras, also called English Cholera and Cholerine. Same as C. morbus. C. sicca, a term applied to those cases of Asiatic cholera in which rice-water liquid is found in the intestines after death, though none had been voided during life. C, Simple, the diarrhea with cramps, purging, and collapse, common in the autumn or late summer. C, Summer. See C. , Simple. C. Voice, the peculiar whispering voice of those in the pold stage of cholera. Choleraic [kol-er-a' -ik) \_xo'kzpa, cholera]. Pertaining to or resembling cholera. C. Diarrhea. See Diar- rhea. Choleraphobia (kol-er-af-o' -be-aK) \^o'ki.pa, cholera; a priv. ; (j>6fiog, fear. ] Absence of fear during an epi- demic of cholera. Choleraphonia (kol-er-af-o' -ne-alC) [;fo/i,^pa, cholera ; a priv. ; ^uvij, a voice]. Aphonia occurring during an attack of cholera. Choleriform [ko-ler' -if-orni) [;|;o/ipa, cholera ; forma, form] . Resembling or appearing like cholera. Cholerigenous ( kol-er-ij' -en-us ) {^oUpa, cholera ; ykvzaiq, production]. Giving origin to cholera. Cholerine [kol'-er-in) [dim. of cholera\ A mild case of choleraic diarrhea. Also, the initiatory stage of malignant cholera. Also, the zymotic cause or virus of cholera. See Cholera nostras. Choleroid {kol'-er-oid) [;t;f);V£pa, cholera; eWof, like]. Resembling cholera ; choleriform. Cholerophobia ikol-er-o-fo' -be-ah) \_xoUpa, cholera; ^dfiog, fear]. Morbid dread of cholera. Cholerrhagia (kol-er-a' -je-ah) [xof^v, bile ; pjjyvvvai, to burst forth]. Synonym of Cholera morbus. Cholesteatoma [kol-es-te-at-o' -mah) [;);oA^ , bile (chol- esterin) ; aTearo/ia, a sebaceous tumor : pi., Cholesteat- omata']. A tumor containing cells inclosing plates of cholesterin, and occurring most frequently at the base CHOLESTEATOMATOUS 292 CHONDROGEN of the brain, but occasionally in subcutaneous tissue. It often incloses sebaceous glands, hair-follicles, and other dermal structures. Cholesteatomatous (kol-es-te-at-om' -at-us) [x°^^i bile; aredru/ia, a sebaceous tumor]. Of the nature of, per- taining to, or affected with, cholesteatoma. Cholesteremia [kol-es-ter-e' -nie-aK), or Cholesterin- emia (kol-es-ter-in-e' -me-ah) [;t;oA-^, bile; BTeap, stiff fat; aljua, blood]. The retention of cholesterin in the blood; also, the morbid state ascribed to such retention. CTaoXssi&Tva. [kol-es' -ier-in) [;t;o/i^, bile ; arepeiJf, solid], CjjHjjO, or CjjH^.^O. A monatomic alcohol, a con- stituent of bile, and a normal ingredient of nervous tissue. Also the fatty substance forming the acid principle of biliary calculi. It is a glitter- ing, white, crystalline substance, soapy to the touch, crystallizing in fine needles and rhom- bic plates. It is quite insoluble in water and in cold alcohol, but Cholesterin Crystals. soluble in solutions of bile-salts ; it is levo-rotatory. Choletelin (kol-et' -el-in) [;foA^, bile; rtkoq, comple- tion], CigHjgNjOj. An amorphous, soluble, yellow pigment derived from bilirubin. It is the final pro- duct of the oxidation of bile-pigments. It is readily soluble in alkalies, alcohol, and chloroform. Choleuria (kul-e-u' -re-aK) [;toA^, bile; ahpov, urine]. The presence of bile in the urine. Choleverdin ( kol-e-ver' -din ) {xokij, bile ; viridis, green]. See Bilicyanin. Cholic [kol'-ik) [x°^'ht bile]. Pertaining to the bile. C. Acid. See Add. Cholin (kol'-in) [;foX7, bile], CjHjjNOj. A substance found among the products of the decomposition of pig's bile and ox-bile, hence its name. It is also found in the extracts of the suprarenals, and is a pro- duct of the decomposition of lecithin. It is a colorless fluid, of oily consistence, possesses a strong alkaline reaction, and forms with acids very deliquescent salts. It is a very unstable body. It is soluble in alcohol, or ether. It is distinct from, though closely related to, neurin. C. Group of Ptomaines, four ptomainesi — Cholin, Neurin, Betain, and Muscarin — have been thus classified. All these bases may be considered as oxida- tion-products of trimethyl-ethyl-ammonium hydrate. Cholochrome (kol' -o-krom)\_xo'Mi ,\i\\& ; ;i;po'm, a flow]. Any excessive discharge of bile. Cholosis ikol-o'-sis) [;(;o/li^, bile]. Any disease caused by or associated with a perversion of the biliary secretion. Cholotic (kol-ot'-ik) [xo^'^t bile]. Due to or associated with a cholosis. C'b.o\Miia.{kol-u'-re-ah) [;ifoA/), bile; rtupov, urine]. The presence of bile, bile-salts, or bile-pigments in the urine. Also, the greenish coloration of the urine. Chondodendron (hon-do-den'-dron). See Chondro- ' dendron. Chondral (kon'-dral) \_x(iv6poq, cartilage]. Cartilagin- ous ; relating to or composed of cartilage. Chondralgia (kon-dral' -je-ah) [xdv&lso^, cartilage ; d/lyof, pain] . Pain in or about a cartilage. Chondrectomy {kon-drek'-to-me) \_xln>Spai, cartilage ; iKTOfiii, a cutting out]. Surgical excision of a cartil- age, or of a part of one. Chondren [kon'-dreri) \_xl>vSpoi, cartilage]. Belonging to a cartilage in itself. Chondrification (kon-drif-ik-A' -shun) \yc(n>Spoq, cartil- age; facere, to make]. The process of being con- verted into cartilage ; the state of being chondrified. Chondrify {kon' -drif-i) [;f(Sv(5pof , cartilage ; fieri, to become] . To convert into cartilage ; to become car- tilaginous. Chondrigen {kon' -drij-eii) ^^xfro^poQ, cartilage; ytmt'iv, to produce]. That material of the hyaline cartilage which on boiling with water becomes chondrin. Chondrigenous {kon-drif -en-us) \_xl>'vSpn^, cartilage ■ yevvciv, to produce]. Producing chondrin; relating to cartilage that has not hardened. Chondriglucose [kon-dre-glu' -kos) \^6vSpoQ, cartilage ; yXvKiiq, sweet]. A material formed by boiling car- tilage with mineral acids. It has a sweet taste and the properties of glucose. Chondrin {Jion'-drin) [;f(ivdpof, cartilage]. A substance obtained from the matrix of hyaline cartilage by boil- ing. It resembles gelatin in general properties, but differs from it in not being precipitated by tannic acid. The substance yielding it is chondrigen, probably an anhydrid. See also Glue. Chondritis {kon-dri' -iis) \^6v&po(;, cartilage; (rif, in- flammation]. Inflammation of a cartilage. Chondroblast (kon'-dro-blast) [;\;(if dpof, cartilage; P?mct6^, germ]. A cell of developing cartilage. Chondroclasis [kon-drok' -las-is) [;cciviJpof, cartilage; liXdaL^, fracture] . The crushing of a cartilage. Chondroclast \kon' -dro-klast) \_x6vSpa^, cartilage; lOuatw, to break]. A cell supposed to be concerned in the absorption of cartilage. Chondrocostal (kon-dro-kos' -tal) \_x6v(>poq, cartilage; costa, a rib]. Relating to the ribs and their cartilages. Chondrodendron (kon-dro-den' -dron) \jxl">&po^, car- tilage ; ShSpov, a tree]. A genus of S. American menispermaceous climbing-plants. C. glaberrimum and C. tomentosum are among the plants that furnish Pareira brava. Chondrodynia (Iton-dro-din' -e-ah) \_xf>'v&poi, cartilagt , bSiivT}, pain]. Pain in a cartilage. Chondrodystrophia (kon-dro-dis-tro' -fe-ah) \xln>Spo%, cartilage ; d-uf, bad ; rpifuv, to nourish]. Feta rhachitis. Chondroepiphysis (kon-dro-e-pif -is-is) \^6\>ipo^, carti- lage; ini^vaui, an outgrowth]. A cartilage that is destined to become an epiphysis ; an epiphysis that has been developed from cartilage. Chondrofibroma [kon-dro-fi-iro' -mah) [;i;(iv(J/)of, carti- lage ; fibra, a. fiber; hfia, a tumor: pi., Chondrofibro- mala"]. Chondroma with fibromatous elements. Chondrofibromatous {kon-dro-fi-bro' -mat-us) [^Mpw;, cartilage; yfiSra, a fiber ; 6/ia, a tumor]. Of the na- ture of chondrofibroma. Chondrogen (kon' -dro-jen) [;i;'5i'(!/3of , cartilage ; yzmiiv, to produce]. I. See Chondrigen. 2. A substance found in fetal and early life, forming a part of the tis- sue of imperfectly developed cartilage. CHONDROGENESIS 293 CHOREIC Cbondrogenesis (kon-dro-jen' -es-is) [x6v6po^, cartilage; yeveau:, formation]. The formation of cartilage. Cbondrogenetic [kon-dro-jen-ef -ik) \_x(>vfipoq, cartilage; yiveai^, formation] . Forming cartilage ; relating to cbondrogenesis. Chondrogenous {kon-drof -en-us) \_xlsvSpoi, cartilage; yheCLg, production]. Of the nature of chondrogen ; producing cartilage. Chandroglucose (kon-dro-glu' -kos) \_x6vSpoi;, cartilage; ykvKvq, sweet]. One of the glucoses. See Carbohy- drate and Glucose. Cbondrography (kon-drog' -ra-fc') \_xlyi>&poq, cartilage ; jpafECV, to write]. An anatomic description of the cartilages. Chondroid {ion'-droid) [^x^^P^ft cartilage; eZdof, form]. Resembling cartilage. Cbondrology {kon-drol'-o-je^ \jx6vSpoq, cartilage ; Uya^, science] . The science of cartil^es. Cbondroma (/Jo«-^?-y-?«fl;A) [;);i5u(?pof, cartilage ; hfm, tumor]. A cartilaginous tumor. %te. Enchondroma. Cbondromalaeia- {kon-dra-mal-a'-se-ah) \_x6vSpoQ, car- tilage ; fiaTuiKia, softening] . Softening of a cartilage. C. auris. Same as Htsmatovia auris. Cbondromalacosis {kon-dro-mal-ak-o' -sis). See Chon- dromalacia. Cbondromatous (kon-drom' -at-us) [;i;v&po^, cartilage ; oareov, bone].. In biology, having a cartilaginous skeleton. Cbondrotome (kon' -dro-toni) \^6vSpoq, cartilage ; TOjidg, cutting]. An instrument for cutting cartilage. Cbondrotomy {kon-drof -o-me) \^6v&po^, cartilage; rkjivtm, to cut]. The dissection or surgical division of a cartilage, or the anatomic analysis of a cartilage. Cbondrus (kon'-drus) \_x6v&poq, a grain; cartilage]. I. Irish Moss. The suljstance of the algse C. crispus and Gigartina mamillosa. These yield, on boiling with water, a soluble colloid consisting mainly of mucilage. This is demulcent and somewhat nutrient, and is sometimes used in making blanc mange. Dose indefi- nite. Unof. See Carragheen. 2. A cartilage ; the ensiform cartilage. Chopart's Amputation. See Operations, Table of. C. Operations. See Operations, Table of. Chopping (chop'-ing). ■ See Percttssion. Chorda {kor'-dah) [L. ,a cord : //. , Chorda] . A cord, ten- don, or filament of nerve. C. caudalis, the urochord. C. dorsalis. See Notochord. C. spinalis, the spinal cord. C. tendinese, the tendinous strings connecting the columnoe cameiE of the heart with the auriculo-ventricular valves. C. tympani, a filament of the Vidian nerve that enters the tympanum. C. umbilicalis, the umbilical cord. C. vertebralis, the notochord ; the spinal cord. C. vocalis, one of the vocal bands or thyro-arytenoid ligaments. Chordal (kor'-dal) \chorda, a cord]. Relating to a chorda, especially to the notochord. Chordapsus {kor-dap' -sus) \_x°P^^li an intestine ; anTuv, to tie up]. Synonym of Acute Intestinal Catarrh. Chordae (kor-de') [xop&f/, a cord]. A symptom of gonorrhea consisting of painful erection and down- ward curvature of the penis. Chorditis (kor-di' -lis) \jxop^V> a cord ; ""'f. inflamma' tion]. Inflammation of the vocal bands. C. tuber- osa, a localized thickening on the vocal bands, often bilateral, and situated at the junction of the posterior two-thirds with the anterior third. Cbordotonal {kor-do-to' -nal) \_X^pfifi, chord ; rdvog, tone]. In biology, applied to sense-organs or parts of arthropods that are responsive to sound- vibrations. Chorea {ko-re'-ali) \jx°p^i-a, dancing]. St. Vitus's dance. A functional nervous disorder, usually occur- ring in youth, characterized by spasmodic and con- vulsive contraction and non-rhythmic action of the muscles of the extremities, face, etc. The action of the heart is irregular, and in a large number of cases a systolic murmur is present. Rheumatism is a fre- quent complication. Chorea may be caused by a number of conditions, among which are fright and reflex irritations, but it is essentially a disease of the later period of childhood, and afiects girls about three times as frequently as boys. Occasionally it is seen in the adult, and may become a serious complicatiou of pregnancy, resulting in the death of both fetus and mother. When it occurs late in life it generally resists treatment. C, Automatic, an affection in which paroxysms of apparently purposive actions occur independently of the will, as the restflt of an impulse that arises spontaneously or that occurs in response to a stimulus received from without. C, Buttonmaker's, a form of chorea in girls employed in button-mills, the result of application at their trade. The fingers move involuntarily when not at work, following the same motions as when guiding the procession of buttons. It is due to an erethism of the centers in the brain for the hands and fingers. C, Chronic. See C, Huntingdon^ s. C, Electric. See DubinVs Disease. C, Epidemic, dancing mania. See Choromania. C. festinans. See Paralysis agi- tans. C. germanorum, a term for the major form of chorea. C.-habit. See Spasm. C, Hereditary. See C. , Huntingdon' s. C, Hysterical. See C, Major. C, Huntingdon's, an affection frequently hereditary, of adult or middle life, characterized by irregular movements, disturbance of speech, and gradual de- mentia. It was first described by Huntingdon, a physician of Long Island, U. S. C. insaniens, maniacal chorea ; a grave form of chorea usually seen in adult women, and associated with maniacal symp- toms. This may develop from the ordinary form, and usually ends fatally. It may develop during preg- nancy. C, Maniacal. See C. insaniens^ C, Major, the hysterical chorea of the French, in which there are regular oscillatory movements of the parts. C. , Mimetic, that which is caused by imitation. C, Minor, simple chorea. C. oscillatoria is marked by more or less regular oscillations of the head, trunk, or limbs. C, Post-hemiplegic. See Athetosis. C, Post-paralytic, a form of involuntary movement seen in patients after an attack of hemiplegia. C, Rhyth- mic. See C, Major. C, Rotatory, a hysterical form associated with rhythmic movements of the body or head. C, School-made, chorea resulting from overstimulation of children at school by parents and teachers. C. scriptorum. See Cramp, Writers'. C, Senile. See Paralysis agitans. C. spastica. See Paraplegia, Infantile Spasmodic. C, Syden- ham's, ordinary chorea. Choreic [ko-re'-ik) [;)fo/9E?n, dancing]. Relating to, of the nature of, or affected with, chorea. CHOREIFORM 294 CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIS Choreifolin (ko-re' -if-ortn) \_xopt.ia, dancing; forma, form]. Resembling chorea. Choretnania {ko-re-7na' -ne-aK) \jxop^'^o., dancing ; iiavia, madness]. Synonym of Chorontania. Choreoid {ko-re' -oid) [;i;opf ('a, dancing ; cMof, like]. Pertaining or similar to chorea. Choreomania [ko-re-o-ma' -ne-ah) . See Ckoromania, Chorial (ko'-re-al) \_x6pi-ov, skin]. Chorionic. Chorioblastosis (ko-re-o-blas-to' -sis) \_x6piov, skin ; ^"kaaTavtiv, to germinate]. Any anomaly of growth of the corium and subcutaneous connective tissue. Chorio-capillaris {ko-re-o-kap-il-a'-ris) \_x6piov, skin ; capillus, a hair]. The network of capillaries over the inner portion of the choroid coat of the eye. See Ruysch, Membrane of. Choriocele [ko'-re-o-sel, or ko-re-o-se'-le) [xipi^ov, a skin ; Kr/Xri, hernia]. A hernial protrusion of the choroid coat of the eye. Chorioid {ko'-re-oid). See Choroid. Chorioidal (ko-re-oid'-al). See Choroid. Chorioideremia (ko-re-oid-er-e'-me-ah). See Choroi- derem.ia. Chorioidiritis (ko-re-oid-i-ri'-lis). See Choroido-iritis. Chorioiditis (^o-A'^-OTrf-i'-fti). See Choroiditis. Chorioido -retinitis {ko-re-oid'-o-ret-in-i'-tis). See Choroido-retiniHs. Chorion {ko'-re-on) \jxlipi-(yv, fetal membrane]. The outermost of the fetal membranes, formed from the external layer of the non-germinal epiblast. The choricm lies between the amnion and the decidu^ (reflexa and vera) . C. , Cystic Degeneration of, a rare myxomatous disease of the chorion, producing the so-called " hydatid mole." It is characterized by rapid increase in the .size of the uterus, hemorrhage, often profuse, beginning during the second month of pregnancy, and the discharge of small cysts, whitish in appearance, surrounded by bloody clots. These cysts vary in size from a pin' s-head to a filbert. C. leve, the smooth or non-villous portion of the chorion. C, Primitive, the Vitelline membrane (or Zonapellucida) during the time of the development of the hollow, structureless villi upon its surface. C, Shaggy, or C. frondosum, the partcovered by villi. Chorionic [ko-re-on' -iPj \_x6piov, the chorion]. Relat- ing to the chorion. Chorionitis [ko-re-on-i'-tis). See Scleroderma. Choripetalous [kor-ip-et'-al-us) [x'^pk> asunder ; (pv?i?un>, leaf]. In biology, applied to a corolla whose petals are distinct. Cboiisis {io-ri'-sis) [;i;i Ae cho- rion ; eMof, like; iprijiia, desolation]. Absence of the choroid ; absence of the epithelium of the choroid. Choroiditis {ko-roid-i' -tis) [xiptov, the chorion ; (T(f, inflammation]. Inflammation of the choroid coat of the eye. It may be anterior, the foci of exudation being at the periphery of the choroid; or central, the exudate being in the region of the macula lutea ; diffuse or disseminated, characterized by numerous round or irregular spots scattered over the fundus ; exudative or nonsuppurative , when there are isolated foci of inflammation scattered over the choroid; metastatic, when due to embolism ; and suppurative, when proceeding to suppuration. C. serosa. Syno- nym of Glaucoma. Choroido-iritis (Jio-roid' -o-i-ri' -tis)\_xipuy", the chorion; El(Jof, like; Zp color]. Relating to or possessing color. C. Audition, luminous sensations aroused by sound. See Photism. C. Gustation. See Gustation. Chromatin (kro' -mat-irC) \_xp<^p^, color]. The chro- matophilous, or tingible portion of the protoplasm, forming a delicate reticular network or plexus of fibrils permeating the achromatin of a typical cell in process of division. It is called also Karyomiton, See Cell-body. Chromation {kro-ma'-shun) [;t;pti/ia, color] . The pro- cess of tingeing or staining. Chromatism [kro' -mat-izm) \_xpopMriajii6( , coloring], I. Abnormal coloration of any tissue. 2. Chromatic aberration. Chromatoblast [kro-mat'-o-blast) [;f/DU|Ua, color; piaard^, a germ]. Same as Chromatophore. Chromatodysopia [kro-mat-o-dis -o'-pe-ah) [xpaua, color; 6va, ill; 4i/)if, vision]. Color-blindness. Chromatogenous (kro-mat-of -en-tis) \_xpi^p.a, color; jEvvaeiv, to beget]. Producing color. Chromatology [kro-mat-ol' -o-je) [;tfpwua, color ; Aiiyof , science]. The science of colors. Also the spectro- scopic investigation of colors. Chromatopathia (kro-mat-o-path' -e-aK) [xpafua., color; rchBog, disease]. Any pigmentary skin-disease; a chromatosis. Chromatopathy {kro-mat-op'-a-the). See Chromato- Chromatophile (kro-mat'-o-fil). Same as Chromo- philous. Chromatophobia {kro-mat-o-fo'-be-ah) [xP^V'^t color; ^(i;8of, dread]. Abnormal fear of colors. Chromatophore (kro' -mat o-for) \_xpa^a, color ; ^6poi, bearing]. In biology, (i) one of the contractile pig- ment-sacs, abundant in the skin of many animals, e.g., squid, chan:ielebn ; (2) one of the pigmented marginal sense-organs of an Actinozoan ; " bourse calicinak;" (3) a plastid containing chlorophyl, or other coloring- matter ; color-granule, chromoplast, chromoleucite. Chromatophorous {kro-mat-off' -or-us) [xP'^!^"; color ; fipeiv, to bear]. Containing pigment or pigment- cells. Chromatopseudopsis {kro-mat-o-su-dop'-sis) [xp^pa, color; ■\|Jevl^s, false ; oiZ-if, sight]. Color-blindness. CHROMATOPSIA 295 CHRONIZOOSPORE Chromatopsia [kro-mat-op' -se-aK) [;t;pu^a, color ; 8^jf, vision]. Abnormal sensation of color. It may be due to disorders of the optic centers, or to drugs, especially santonin. Chromatopsy (kro' -mat-op-se). See Chromatopsia. Chromatoptometry (kro-mat-op-tovi' -et-re) \_xpi>)ia, color ; hirruv, to see ; fiirpm, a measure] . The test- ing of the sensibility of the eye with respect to color- perception. Chromatoscope (kro-maf -o-skop') \^pa(ia, color; okokeIv, to observe]. An instrument for determining the refractive index of colored light. ChTomatoscopy [kro-mat-os' -ko-pe) \jx,paiia, color ; okoiteIv, to observe]. The determination of the color of objects. Chromatosis (kro-mat-o' -sis) \jx,pectus of. C.-orange. Sa,me as Chrome- red. C.-red, a pigment ; basic lead chromate. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C.-vermilion. Same as Chrome-red. C.-yellow, lead chromate, a pigment. See Chromium, and Pigments, Conspectus of. Chroxxiesthesia {^krom-es-the' -ze-ah^ [xpHijia, color ; aluBtiai;, perceptipn by the senses]. The association of colors with words, letters, and sounds. Chromhidrosis {krom-hid-ro' -sis). Same as Chromid- rosis. Chromic (krom'-ik) [^xpap-a, color]. Pertaining to or made from chromium. C. Acid. See Acid. C. Acid Test. See Tests, Tabkof. Chromicize {kro'-mis-iz). To impregnate with chromic acid. Chromidrosls {krom-id-ro^ -sis) \_xpup.a, color; I6p6^, sweat]. A rare condition of the sweat in which it is variouslycoloredjbeingbluish, blackish, reddish, green- ish, or yellowish. Black sweat {^Seborrhcea nigricans) occurs usually in hysterical girls, the part affected being the face. It is associated with chronic constipation and is due to the presence of indican in the sweat. Jied sweat, hematidrosis, may be due to an exudation of blood into the sweat-glands, or to the presence of a microorganism in the sweat. See Micrococcus h<2ma- todes, Babes, under Bacteria, Table of. Chiommva (iro'-me-um) [;t;/3&)ua color]. Cr=S2.2; quantivalence II and IV. One of the elements of the iron group. The various salts of chromium, especially chromic acid, CrjOj, are much used in the manufacture of pigments and in dyeing textile fabrics. All are poisonous. Potassium dichromate (bichromate of potash), KjCrjO,, is used in various pharmaceutic and chemic operations. C. -green. Same as Chrome- green. Chromocrinia (kro-'mo-krin' -e-ah) Ixp"/^"' color ; Kpiveiv, to separate]. The secretion of coloring- matter, as in the sweat, etc. Chromocytometer {^kro-mo-si-tom' -et-er) [;fpS/«r, color ; idjTo^, cell ; fi^rpov, a measure] . An instru- ment for estimating the proportion of hemoglobin present in the blood. Chromocytometry (kro-mo-si-tom'-et-re) [^XP"I^> color ; KVTog, cell ; /ihpov, a measure ; v6aoq, disease]. The estimation of hemoglobin by means of the chromocytometer. Chromodermatosis [kro-mo-der-mat-o' -sis) [xP'^H-^ color ; Ssp/j.a, skin] . A skin-disease characterized by discoloration of the surface. Chromogen {kro^ -mo-jeri) \_xpZip.a, color; yiveuig, pro- duction]. Any principle of the animal or vegetable economy which (though it is itself not of any pro- nounced color) is susceptible, under suitable circum- stances, of bemg changed into a coloring-matter. Chromogenic [kro-mo-jen' -ik) \_xp'ip-a, color ; yheau;, production]. I. Relating to chromogen. 2. Color- producing. Chromoleucite (kro-mo-lu' -At) \jxpaiia, color; /IcuKiif, white]. Same as Chromoplastid. Chromopare (kro' -mo-par) \i(^paiia, color]. In biology, applied by Beyerinck to those chromogenic bacteria that excrete the pigment, remaining colorless them- selves. Cf. Chromophore and Para-chrom^phor, Chsomophan (kro' -mo-fan) \_xp(^lifi, coVor ; tpaiveiv, to appear]. In biology, the pigment of the inner seg- ments of the retinal cones of certain animals. There are at least three varieties, chlorophan, rhodophan, xanthophan. (Ruhnes). Chromophile (kro'-mo-fil). Same as Chromophilous. Chromophilous (kro-moff' -il-us) \xpi>\'^, color; tivae ; ypafuv, to write]. An instrument for graphically recording inter- vals of time, in physiologic and psycho-physical experiments. Chronoscope (kro' -no-skop) \_xpivoq, time; c/coireiv, to inspect]. An insti-ument for measuring extremely short intervals of time. C, A-form, an apparatus introduced by Galton for measuring the time of certain psycho-physical reactions. It is so called from its outline, which somewhat resembles that of the letter A. Chronosteal [kro-nos' -te-al) Ixp^^^^t time ; barim, bone]. Relating to the chronosteon. Chronosteon [kro-nos'-te-on) [;f/3(ii'0f , time (temporal) ; bartov, bone]. The temporal bone. Chronothermal [kron-o-tker'-mal) [^XP^°C, time ; 6ip/ia, heat]. Pertaining to the theory that all diseases are characterized by periods of intermitting chill and heat ; relating to periodicity in changes of bodily tempera- ture. Chroopsia [kro-op' -se-ah) \_XP^f, color; 6i/)(f, sight]. See Chromatopsia. Chrotal Epithelium {kro'-tal ep-e-the'-le-um). The ectoderm. Chrotic (kro'-tik) [xpwf, the skin]. Relating to the skin. Chrotoplast (krof -o-plasi) \xp^it skin ; 'KU.aauv, to form], A skin-cell ; a dermal or epithelial cell. Chrymar's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Chrysalis [kris' -al-is) [;t;p«ff elSog, like]. I. CjjHjNjCl. A coal-tar color used in dyeing. It is the hydrochlorid of diamidoazobenzene. It consists of dark-violet crystals soluble in water. It dyes bright- yellow on silk and cotton. See Pigments, Conspectus of. 2. C,H.^204- ^ yellow coloring-substance found in asparagus berries. Ohrysova (kris'-o-in). See Orange Colors. Chrysolin [kris' -o-lin) Ijxpvalii, gold; oleum, oil], CjjHi„03(OC,Hj)OH. A coal-tar color of the phtha- lein group, used in dyeing. It is the sodium salt of benzyl-fluorescein. It produces a yellow color, similar to that of turmeric, on silk, cotton and wool. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Chtysophan [kris' -0- fan') \_xP''"!^i gold ; ipaivEiv, to show], CjgHjgOg. A yellow, crystalline body found in rhubarb. It has a distinctly bitter taste, is readily soluble in warm water and diluted alcohol, but insolu- ble in ether. It is also called Chrysophanin. Chrysophanic Acid (kris-o-fan'-ik). See Acid. Chrysophanin (kris-o-fan'-in). See Crysophan, and Pigments, Conspectus of . Chrysophyl (kris' -o-fiT) \_xpva6i, gold ; (pi/Aov, a leaf]. Xanthophyl ; a bright golden-yellow crystalline pig- ment derived from leaves. Chrysorrhamnin [kris-or-am'-nin) [;tpw(T(if, gold ; paji- voQ, a prickly shrub]. The yellow pigment found in French berries. See Pigments, Conspe:tus of. Chthonophagia, or Chthonophagy (thon-o-fa' -je-ah, ax thon-off'-a-je) [;i;P(ii', earth ; ^ayeZj), to eat]. Dirt- eating; geophagy. Churning Sound [chum'-ing sound). A peculiar splashing-sound like that made by a churn, heard in the chest in some cases of pleural effusion. Churrus (chur'-us) \VLvai.,ckaras'\. Hemp-resin. See Cannabis. Chvostek's Sign. See Tetany ; also Signs and Symp- toms, Table of. Chylaceous (ki-la' -se-us) \chylus, chyle]. Composed of chyle. Chylangioma [ki-lan-je-o'-mah') [chyltis, chyle ; ayyelav, a vessel]. Retention of chyle in lymphatic vessels with dilatation of the latter. Chylaqueous ( kil-a' -kwe-tis) \_xvUq, chyle ; aqua, water]. Like water and chyle. C. Fluid, the diges- ted food or nutritive fluid in the somatic or perigastric cavity of invertebrates ; it is never enclosed in dis- tinct vessels and represents the blood of higher animals. Chyle (kil) [;);iiA(if, juice]. The milk-white fluid ab- sorbed by the lacteals during digestion. On standing, it separates into a thin, jelly-like clot and a substance identical with serum. C. -corpuscle, any floating cell of the chyle. These cells resemble, and are probably identical with, the colorless blood- corpuscles. C- gland, Cheshire's name for system II, of the "sali- vary glands ' ' of bees. Chylidrosis (kil-id-ro'-sis) \_xo'ki<;, chyle ; Idpami;, a sweating]. Milkiness of the sweat. Chylifaction {ki-le-, or kil-if-ak' -shun) \chylm, chyle; facere, to make]. The forming of chyle from food. Chylifactive (ki-le-, or kil-if-ak' -tiv) \chylus, chyle ; facere, make]. Chyle-forming. Chyliferous (ki-Hf'-er-us) [ckylus, chyle ; ferre, to carry]. I. Chyle -forming. 2. Containing chyle. Chylific (ki-lif-ili) [chylus, chyle ; facere, to make]. Making chyle ; pertaining to chylifaction. Chylification {ki-le-, or kil-if-ik-a' -shun) \_xvk6(, chyle; facere, Xo make]. The process by which the chyle is formed, separated and absorbed by the villi of the small intestine. Chylificatory (ki-lif'-ik-at-o-re) \chylus, chyle ; factre, to make]. Chyle-making. CHYLIFY 297 CILIARY Chylify (ki'-lif-i) [^ckyius, chyle: facere, to make]. I. To make into chyle. 2. To be made into chyle. Chylocele (ki'-lo-sll) \_X"^it chyle; k^/I^, a tumor]. An effusion of chyle into the tunica vaginalis testis. C, Parasitic. See Filaria sanguinis hominis. Chylocyst (ki'-lo-sist) \_x»Mi;, juice; /rfxrnf, bladder]. The chyle-bladder ; the reservoir of Pecquet. Chylocystic (ki-lo-sis' -tik) \_xv'k6^, juice ; ahaTig, blad- der]. Relating to the chylocyst. Chyloderma (M-lo-der' -mah) \j(v'>J>^, lymph; 6ep/ia, skin]. Scrotal elephantiasis, with accumulation of lymph in the thickened skin and in the enlarged lyjnphatic vessels ; lymph-scrotum. Chylodochium (kil-o-do' -ki-uni) [ ju^df , chyle ; doxelov, receptacle]. The receptaculum chyli. Cbylogaster {ki-lo-gas'-ter) \_xvX6q, chyle ; yaarfip, the stomach]. The duodenum, so-called because of its being the chief seat of chylous digestion. Chylogastric (ki-h-gas'-trik) [x^Mq, chyle ; -yaar^p, stomach]. Pertaining to the chylogaster. Chylopencardium (ki-lo-per-ik-ar'-de-um) [;t;t//t.ijf, chyle ; irepi, around ; napSid, the heart]. A rare con- dition, in which chyle is present in the pericardium, as a consequence of the formation of a channel of com- munication between a chyle-duct and the cavity of the heart-sac. Chylopoiesis [ki-lo-poi-e'-sis) ^jx.vKfmo'vqisL^; ;);«Adf, chyle; TrojeZv, to make]. Chylification. Chylopoietic [ki-lo-poi-ef -ik) [;i;j)/l(if , chyle ; iroielv, to make]. Chylifaction ; making or forming chyle. Chyloptyalism (JH-lop-ti' -al-izvi) {xvUi;, chyle ; irTua- X.^tiv, to spit]. Milkiness of the saliva. Chylorrhea {ki-lor-e' -ah) [;f«/l(5f, chyle ; iiiuv, to flow]. The excessive flow of chyle. Also, a diarrhea characterized by a milky color of the feces. Chylosis [ki-lo'-sis) [;t;tiAui7(f, a converting into juice]. ■Chylification. Chylothorax [ki-lo-tho' -raks) [;t;t)^iif , chyle ; 6i>pa^, the chest]. The presence of chyle within the pleural cavity. It is consequent upon wounds or rupture of the thoracic duct, and is usually fatal. Chylous {ki' lus) \_x^^^i< chyle]. Relating to or re- sembling chyle. Chyluria (ki-lu' -re-aK) [;t;v/. Same as Phenylene-bro'wn. Cinnamyl [sin' -am-il) [mwajj-afuyv, cinnamon], CgH^O. The radicle believed to exist in cinnamic acid. Cionectomy (si-on-ek' -to-me) \Kiav, the uvula ; kKTOfiij, a cutting out] . Ablation of the uvula. Cionitis (si-on-i' -iis) [jduv, the uvula; iTi(, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the uvula. Cionoptosis (si-on-op-to' -sis') [/c/wv, uvula ; 7rr6icr£f , a drooping]. Prolapse of the uvula. Cionorrhaphia (si-on-or-af -e-aK) \idum, the uvula; pa^, a suture] . See Staphylorrhaphy. Cionotome (si-on'-o-toni) \kum!, the uvula ; Top.6^, cut- ting]. An instrument for cutting off the uvula. Cionotomy (si-on-ot'-o-me) \jilm>, uvula; TOfifi, a sec- tion]. Incision of the uvula. Circinate (sir' -sin-at) [circinatus, circular] . In biology, rolled inward from the top, like a crozier. C. Erup- tion. See Wandering Rash. Circinus {sir' -sin-us) [mp/cjvof, circle]. Herpes zoster ; zona. Circle (sir'-kl) [^xipKoc, a circle]. A ring; a line, every point of which is equi-distant from a point called the center. C. of Diffusion. See Diffusion. C.ofHaller, I. The plexus of vessels formed by the short ciliary arteries upon the sclerotic, at the entrance of the optic nerve. 2. The circulus venosus mammEe. See also Circulus. C. of Willis, the remarkable arterial anasto- mosis at the base of the brain. The passage between the anterior cerebral arteries anteriorly, and the internal carotids and middle and posterior cerebral arteries pos- teriorly, by communicating vessels. Circle of Willis. I. Middle cerebral artery. 2. Internal carotid artery. 3. Pos- tero- median perforating. 4. Posterior cerebral artery. 5. Superior cerebellar artery. 6. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery. 7. Anterior communicating artery. S. Antero-lateral perforating. 9. Anterior choroid. 10. Posterior communi- cating. II. Posterior choroid. 12. Basilar artery. 13. Crus cerebelli cut. Circuit (ser'-kit) [circuitus, a going round]. The course of an electric current. C. -breaker, an apparatus for interrupting the circuit of an electric current. Circulation [sir-ku-la-' shun) \_circulatio, a circular course]. The passage of the blood through various vessels ; distinguished as capillary, fetal, portal, pulmonary, etc. C, Cross, a laboratory ex- periment in which the vessels in one vascular area of an animal are separated from the rest of the circulation by ligation of anastomos- ing channels, and then supplied with blood from the circulation of a second animal. In this way, for example, the vascular area of the head may be isolated, and precluded from receiving chloroform inhaled by the lungs, but which is distributed to other parts of the body. By connecting the cerebral ends of the severed carotid arteries of one dog with the car- diac ends of the severed carotids of another dog, the cerebral and gen- eral circulatory systems of the first dog may pre- sumably be separated. The first animal is called the fed, and the Scheme of the Circulation. animal supplying the a. Right, b, left auricle. A. Right, blood the feeder. The B left ventricle, i. Pulmonary ■< . f T^^i artery. 2. Aorta. /. Areaofpul- expenment IS of little monary circulation. K. Upper value. C, Collateral, area of systemic circulation- G. Lower area of systemic cir- culation. 0. The superior vena cava. M. Inferiorvena cava, d, d. Intestine, m Mesenteric ar- tery q. Portal vein. L. Liver. h. Hepatic vein. {Landois.) that through branches and secondary channels after stoppage of the principal route. C, Fetal, that of the fetus, including the circulation through the placenta CIRCULUS 300 CIRSOMPHALOS acd umbilical cord. C, First, or Primitive, that of the embryo, a closed system, carrying nutriment and oxygen .to the embryo. C, Placental, the fetal circulation. C, Portal. See Portal System. C, Pulmonary, the circulation of blood through the The Fetal Circulation. a. Umbilical vein. b. Ductus venosus. r. Ductus arteriosus. d. Hypogastric arteries, e. Mesenteric arteries and vein. f. Portal vein. lungs by means of the pulmonary artery and veins, for the purpose of oxygenation and purification. C, Second, the fetal circulation, replacing the omphalo- mesenteric system. C, Systemic, the general circu- lation, as distinct from the pulmonary circulation. C, Third, that of the adult. C, Vitelline, first, or primitive circulation. Circulus {sir'-ku-lus) [L.]. A circle. C. arteriosus, the circle of Haller. The plexus of arteries that surrounds the outer border of the iris. C. iridis minor, an arterial circle near the pupillary border of the iris. C. venosus mammae (or Halleri), a ring of anastomosing veins that surround the nipple. Circum- (sir'-kum-) [L.]. A prefix meaning around, about, Circumagentes {sir-kum-aj-en' -tiz) [L. , " causing to revolve"]. I. The oblique muscles of the eye. 2. The infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles that revolve the arm. Circumanal (sir-kum-a'-nal) [circum, around ; anus, the fundament] . Periproctous ; surrounding the anus. Circumcision (sir-kum-shh' -wi) \circumcidere , to cut around]. Excision of a circular piece of the prepuce. Circumclusion (sir-kum-klu' -zhun) \circum, around ; cludere, to close]. A form of acupressure in which the pin is passed beneath the vessel, a vf ire loop placed over its point, and its ends brought over the artery and made fast. Circumcorneal {sir-kum-kor' -ne-al) [circum, about ; corneus, horny] . Around or about the cornea. Circumduction {sir-kum-duk' -shun) [circumducere, to lead around]. The movement of a limb in such a manner that its distal part describes a circle, the proxi- mal end being fixed. See Motion. Circumference (sir-kum' -fer-ens) [circumfert^ to carry around]. The distance around a part. Circumflex {sir'-ium-Jleks) [circumjlectere, to bend about]. Applied to a number of arteries_ veins and nerves. Circumgyratidn {sir-kum-ji-ra' -shun) [«>«««, around; gyrare , to tarn]. See Vertigo. Circuminsular (sir-kum-in' -su-lar) \circMn, about ; insula, island]. Surrounding the island of Reil. Circumlental (sir-kum-len' -tal) \circum, ground ; lens, a lentil; lens]. Surrounding the leni.. C. Space. See Space. Circumnuclear (sir-kum-nu' -kle-ar) \circum, about; nucleus, kernel]. Surrounding the nucleus. Circumnutation [sir-kum-nu-ta^-shuj.) \circum, around; nutare, to nod]. In biology, a bowing suc- cessively toward all points of the compass. Applied to the movements of young and growing organs. Circumocular (sir-kum-ok' -u-lar) [circum, about ; oculus, eye]. Surrounding the eye. Circumoral {sir-kum-o' -ral) [circum, about ; os, mouth]. Surrounding the mouth. Circumpolarization (sir-kum-po-lar-ii,-a' -shun) [cir- cum, around ; polus, pole. ] The quantitative estima- tion of sugar in a suspected liquid by the degree of the rotation of polarized light, sugar rotating the ray to the right, albumin to the left. Circumrenal [sir-kum-re'-nal) [circum, about; ren, the kidney]. Around or about the kidneys. Circumscribed (sir' -kum-sknbd) [circumscribere, to draw a line around] . Strictly limited or marked off ; well defined ; distinct from surrounding parts, as a circumscribed inflammation or tumor. Circumvallate {sir-kum-val' -at) [circu?nvallare, to sur- round with a wall] . Surrounded by a wall or promi- nence. C. Papillae, certain papillae at the base of the tongue. Cirrhonosus (sir-on' -o-sus) [iup'p6(, yellow ; vdao^, dis- ease]. I. A fetal disorder, marked by yellowness of the serous membranes. 2. Abnormal post-mortem yellowness of any surface or tissue. Cirrhose (sir-os') [cirrus, a tendril]. In biology, pro- vided with tendrils. Cirrhosis (sir-o'-sis) [iapl>6g, reddish-yellow ; from the color of the cirrhotic liver]. Increase and thickening of the connective tissue of an organ, especially of the liver. C, Biliary, a form due to chronic retention of bile in the liver from long-continued obstruction in the bile-ducts from any cause. C, Fatty, a rare form in which the hepatic cells become infiltrated with fat. The surface is smooth and the organ enlarged, but very tough, owing to increase in the interstitial connec- tive tissue, which does not contract. This form is usually seen in the intemperate. Cirrhotic (sir-ot'-ik) [u'p'p6i;, yellow]. Affected with, or relating to, cirrhosis. C. Kidney. See Brighfs Disease. Cirsocele [sir' -so-ssl) [mpcd^, a varix ; k^A)?, tumor]. A varicose tumor, especially of the spermatic cord. Cirsoid {sir'-soid) [upadg, a varix; cidof, likeness]. Hesembling a varix, or dilated vein. Cirsomphalos (sir-som' -fal-os) [/ctpffiif, varix; o/jijiaMc, navel], A varicose condition of the navel. CIRSOPHTHALMIA 301 CLARIFYING Cirsophthalmia (sir-saff-thal' -me-aK) \upa6i;, varix ; ofBaX/idi, the eye]. I. Ophthalmia, with an apparent varicose condition of the conjunctival vessels. 2. Corneal staphyloma, with an appearance of varicosity of the surface. Cirsotome {sir'-so-iom) [(cj/jcriif, a varix j TO/t^,a. cut- ting]. A cutting instrument for the operation of ci»^ sotomy. Ciisotomy (sir-sot' -o-me) \_iapa6q, varix ; T^/ietv, to cut]. Excision of a varix. Cisma (siz'-mah) . Same as Absus. Cismatan (sis' -mat-aii) . Same as Absus. Cissampelos (sis-am' -pel-os) [/c«jcr(5f , ivy ; afiirtkoq, a vine] . A genus of climbing menispermaceous plants. The root of C. capensis, of South America, is cath- artic and emetic. C. pareira, of tropical America, false pareira brava (q. w.), is tonic and diuretic. Cistern (sis' -tern) \cisterna, a vessel; receptacle]. I. Any dilatation : reservoir. \i.. Any dilatation of the space between the pia and arachnoid. The cisterns are true lymph-sacs. C. of Pequet. See Receptaculum chyli. C. of the Cerebrum. See Cistern, 2. Cistema (sis-ter' -nah) [L.]. Same as Cistern. C. ambiens, one of the pockets situated over the optic lobes. C. magna, a. large cistema where the arach- noid spreads across from the caudad border of the cerebellum to the oblongata. C. perilymphatica, in the ear, a large space adjacent to the foot-plate of the stapes. Cistus (sis' -tils') [xiaTog, the rock-rose]. A genus of plants of the order Cistaceae, growing in the old world. C. oreticus, C. cyprius, C. ladaniferus, afad C. ledon afford the drug labdanum, or ladanum. Citerior (si-te' -re-or) [L. , "hither"]. Brainward, centripetal, or afferent. Citrate (sit' -rat ) \citrus, citron-tree]. Any salt of cit- ric acid. Citrene (sit'-ren) [^citrus, citron-tree], CjjHjj. Hes- peridene ; carvene. The oil of Citrus aurantite, and the chief ingredient of cedar oil, cumin oil, and dill oil. It occurs associated with pinene in lemon oil. It is an agreeable-smelling, colorless liquid, sp. gr. 0.846 at 20°, and boiling at 175-176°. Citric (sit'-rik) [_citrus, citron-tree]. Pertaining to or derived from lemons or citrons. C. Acid. See Aciii. Citrine (sii'-rin) [citrus, a lemon]. Yellow ; of a lemon color. C. Ointment. See Hydrargyrum. Citronella (sit-ron-el' -aK) [dim. of Klrpov, the citron- tree]. A fragrant grass. C. Oil, the essential oil of various grasses, mostly of the genus Andrnpogon ; used chiefly as a perfume ; antirheumatic. Unof. Citrus (sit'-rus) [L.]. A genus of aurantiaceous trees. See Aurantium, Bergamot, Lime, Limon. Cittosis (sit-to' -sis) [ulTra, idaaa, pica] . Pica ; a long- ing for strange or improper food. Civet (siv'-et) [ME.]. A semi-liquid, unctuous secre- tion from the anal glands of Viverra civetta, V. zibetha, and V. rasse, carnivorous old-world animals, them- selves called civets. It is now used as a perfume ; formerly as an antispasmodic and stimulant, like musk. Unof. Civiale's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Clacking Pivot, or Tenon (klak'-ing piv'-ot). Clack pivot ; a method of attaching an artificial crown to the root of a natural tooth ; it was invented by Magiola. Cladocarpous (klad-o-kar' -pus) [(cAadof, a branch ; KapirSg, fruit]. In biology, having the fruit borne at the end of short lateral branches. Cladocerous (klad-os' -er-us) [w^drfof, a branch ; Kipag, horn]. In biology, with branched antennae. Cladode (klad'-od) {lOJiSoq, a branch; eMof, form]. In biology, branch-like. See Phyllocladium. Cladodont (klad'-o-dmt) . [lOia&og, a branch j otJodf , tooth]. Same as Hybodont. Cladonea (ilad-e' -ne-ah) \kX&6oq, a branch]. A genus of lichens. C. rangiferina, the reindeer-moss; a lichen that grows extensively in Asia, Europe and N. America. It is used as a food in famine-seasons, and is locally distilled, affording an alcoholic spirit. Cladophyl (klad' -o-fil) [icXadof , a branch ; mWkm, a leaf]. In biology, a branch that in form mimics a leaf. Same as Cladode. Cladoptosis (klad-op-to' -sis) [/c^diJof , a branch ; Tc'mTuv, to fall]. In biology, the annual falling of twigs bear- ing leaves instead of the leaves alone. Cladose (klad'-os) [fcAddof, a branch]. In biology, ramose or branched. Cladothrix (klad' -o-thriks) [/cXddof, branch ; dpi4, a hair]. A genus of bacteria, having long filaments, in pseudo-ramifications, with true spores. See Bacteria, Synonymatic, Table of. Ciahandieace (ilar-aw' -de-ens) [Fr. clair, clear ; audi- ence, hearing]. The alleged telepathic hearing of sounds uttered at a great distance. Clairvoyance (klar-voi' -ans) [Pr. c/oz?-, clear ; voir, to see]. The alleged ability (in certain states), to see things not normally visible ; the pretended ability to see the internal organs of a patient, and thus diagnos- ticate his ailments. Clamp (klamp) [Ger. Klampe\ An instrument for compressing the parts in surgical operations, to fix them or to prevent hemorrhage, etc. C, Gaskell's, an instrument applied over the heart so that the pulsation of the auricles and ventricles may be separately registered ; it is used in the study of cardiac pulsation. Clang (klang) \iikayyfi, a clang]. A sharp metallic sound; ahoarse voice. C. -deafness, a defect of hear- ing in which sounds are heard, but their more delicate qualities are not perceived. C.-tint, the timbre, or delicate shading of a tone. See Timbre. Clap (klap) [OF., clapoir, a venereal sore]. Gonor- rhea. C.-threads, characteristic slimy threads in the urine of gonorrheal cystitis. Clapotage (klah-po-ta(h)zh') [Fr.]. The splashing . sound of a liquid in succussion. Clapping (klap'-ing). See Percussion and Tapotement. Clapton's Lines. See Lines, Table of. Claquement (klahk' -monig)) [Fr., clapping, slapping], 1. In massage, percussion with the flat of the hand. 2. The clack, or flapping sound caused by sudden closure of the heart- valves. Claret (klar'-et) [clarus, clear]. A vrine of a light-red color. C.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C. Stain. Same as Ncevus maternus. Clarificant (klar'-if-ik-ant) [clarus, clear]. A sub- stance used for the purpose of clearing solutions turbid from insoluble matter. Clarification (klar-if-ik-a' -shun) [clarus, clear ; facere, to make]. The operation of removing the turbidity of a liquid or naturally transparent substance. It may be accomplished by allowing the suspended matter to subside, by the addition of a clarificant or substance that precipitates suspended matters, or by moderate heating. See Fining. Clarify (klar'-if-i) [clarus, clear; facere, to make]. To free a liquid or solution from insoluble or hetero- geneous substances. To make clear. Clarifying (klar'-ifi-ing) [clarus, clear; facere, to make]. Clearing ; purifying. C. Reagent, any pre- paration used for purifying microscopic and anatomic preparations that have been mounted in gummy media. Oil of cloves, turpentine, creasote, xylol, and oil of bergamot are the chief. CLARIONET-PLAYER'S CRAMP 302 CLEARING Clarionet-player's Cramp. See Cramp. Clark's Operation. See Operations, Table, of. C. (Alonzo), Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Clarke's Corroding Ulcer. An ulcer of the cervix uteri that shows a tendency to spread. C. Inter- medio-lateral Tract. See Column of. C. Poste- rior Vesicular Column. See Column of. C. Pro- cess. See Water, Softening of. C. Rule, a rule for dosage. The dose is to be graded by the weight of the child. One hundred and fifty pounds is taken as the weight of an average human adult, and in order to obtain the fractional dose this number serves for the denominator of a fraction whose numerator corresponds to the weight of the child in avoidupois pounds. Thus, the formula for a child of 50 pounds would be ^/^ or \ of the dose for the adult. Clasmacytosis (klas-mah-si-to' -sis'). Same as Clasma- tocytosis. Clasmatocyte (klas-maf -o-sii) \_KMaiM, fragment; KVTog, cell], A form of very large connective-tissue corpuscles that tend to break up into granules or pieces. Clasmatocytosis (klas-mat-o-si-to'-sis) [uMa/m, a frag- ment; (oirof, a cell]. The breaking up of clasmato- cytes, and the formation of islands of granules from their debris. Clasp (klasp) [ME., claspen, to grasp firmly]. In mechanical dentistry, a hook fitted to a tooth and de- signed for the retention of a dental substitute or other apparatus to be worn in the mouth. In biology, an apparatus at the end of the male abdomen in certain insects, intended to grasp the female. C. -knife Rigidity, a reflex spasmodic action of the legs from increased myotatic irritability, as a result of which extension is, as it were, completed with a " spring," as in the knife. Classification [klas-if-ik-a'-shun') \_classis, a class; facere,to make]. An orderly arrangement of names, objects, diseases, etc. , according to their properties and peculiarities. C\aLSioi.iLiv/L{^klas'-to-th7-iks). Synonym of Trichorrhexis nodosa. Clathrate (klath'-rat) \iAifipa, a lattice]. In biology, latticed ; a name given by Mohl to cribriform cells ; also written clathroid. Clathrocystis [klaih-ro-sis' -tis) [jikridpa, a trellis; kvctiq, pouch]. A genus of microbes with round or oval cells, forming zooglceas in the form of circular layers. See Bacteria, SynonyTnatic Table of. Clathrose {klath'-ros) [/cA^Spa, a lattice]. In biology, having deep furrows crossing at right angles. Claudication, or Claudicatio (klaw-dik-a' -shun, klaw-dik-a' -she-6) \claudicare, to halt or limp]. The act of limping ; lameness. Claudius, Doctrine of. The doctrine that, in the pro- duction of fetal monstrosities, attributes the atrophic changes primarily to the reversal and impairment of the circulation, consequent upon the overpowering vigor of the stronger fetus. C, Cells of, the outer epithe- lial layer of the ducts of the cochlea. Claustrophobia {klaws-tro-fo' -be-ah) \claustra, a bolt; cpdlSog, fear] . Morbid distress at being in any room or confined space ; clithrophobia. Claustrum (ilaws'-trum) \_claudere, to shut : pi., Claus- traj . A barrier ; applied to several apertures that may be closed against entrance. Also, a layer of cinerea (gray nervous matter) between the insula and the lenticula. Clausura (klaw-su' -rah) [L.]. Closure; atresia; as of a passage. C. tubalis, closure of a Fallopian tube. C. uteri, an imperforate state of the uterine cervix. Clava, Clavola, or Clavolet {kla'-vah, kla'-volah, or kla'-vo-let) [clava, a club]. 1. In biology, clubbed at the end, as the antennae of certain insects. 2. See Funiculus gracilis. Clavate {klav'-at) [clava, a club.] In biology, club- shaped. Applied to a stigma, antenna, or other organ that is thick toward the apex and gradually narrowed toward the base. Clavation (klav-a'-shun) [clavatio ; clavus, a nail]. Same as Gomphosis. Clavelization [klav-el-iz-a' -shun) [Fr., clavelie, sheep- pox]. Inoculation with sheep-pox virus ; ovination. Claven, or Claviculen (kla'-ven, kla-vik' -u-len) [clavis, a key]. Belonging to the clavicle in itself. Claviceps {klav' -is-eps) [clava, club ; caput, head]. A genus of fungi. C. purpurea, the fungus produc- ing the ergot of rye. Clavicle (klav'-ik-l) [clavicula ; clavus, a key]. The collar-bone. See Bones, liable of. Clavicular (kla-vik' -u-lar) [clavus, a key]. Relating to the clavicle. Clavilla marginales (kla-vil'-ah mar-jin-al'-lz) [L.]. The " olfactory clubs " or marginal clubs in Medusa ; also called Cordyli marginales. Clavula {klav' -u-lah) [clava, a club]. In biology, applied to various clubbed organs ; as, a knobbed bristle in echinoderms, or the swollen receptacle of some fungi. Clavus (kla'-vus) [clavus, a nail, a wart, a com]. Com ; a hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epider- mis, in which liere is an ingrowth as well as an out- growth of homy substance, forming circumscribed epidermal thickenings, chiefly about the toes. Corns ma^ be hard or soft, the latter being situated between the toes, where they are softened by maceration. Both forms are due to pressure and friction. C. hysteri- cus, a local neuralgic pain in hysteria, anemia, etc. , in the head, as if a nail were being driven in. Claw (klaw) [AS., dawn, a claw]. The stalk, or con- tracted base of a petal. In biology, the hooked limb or appendage of an animal. C.-hand, a condition of the hand characterized by over-extension of the first phalanges and extreme flexion of the others. The condition is a result of atrophy of the interosseous muscles, with contraction of the tendons of the com- mon extensor and long flexor. (French, main-en- griffe.) Clayed Sugars [klad sug'-arz). Sugars that have been freed from the dark molasses by covering them in moulds by moist clay, which allows of a gradual washing and displacement of the adhering syrup. Cleaning (klen'-ing) [ME., clensen, to make clean]. Cleansing; removal of dirt; purifying. C. Mix- ture for Glass, l. Potassium bichromate 2 parts, water 10 parts, sulphuric acid 10 parts ; dissolve the potassium in the water with heat, pour into a warm bottle, add the sulphuric acid slowly and at intervals. 2. Nitric acid (cone.) 2 parts, sulphuric acid 3 parts. Cleansings {klen' -zingz) [ME., clensen, to clean]. The lochia. Clearer {kler'-er) . See Clearing Mixture. Clearing ikler'-ing) [ME., cleren, to make clear]. Clarification ; making clear. See Fining. C. Agent, a substance used in microscopy to render tissues trans- parent and suitable for mounting. To replace alcoho\ in a dehydrated section, creasote, turpentine, xylol, and the oils of bergamot, cedar, cloves, and origanum are used. For celloidin sections, Bergamot or cedar oil or creasote is preferable. Before mounting vegetable sec- tions, glycerin, solution of carbolic acid, liquor potassse, alcoholic solution of potash, liquor ammonias, solution of chloral hydrate, Javelle water, Labarraque's solu- tion, are used. See Stains, Table of. C. Mixture, a fluid used in microscopy for rendering sections trans- M CLEAVAGE 303 CLINICIST parent after dehydration. It must be miscible with the mounting medium. A very satisfactory and generally applicable mixture is the following : Carbolic acid crys- tals 4 parts, rectified oil of turpentine 6 parts. Cleavage {kle'-vaj) [ME. , eleven] . I . The linear clefts in the skin indicating the general direction of the fibers. They govern to a certain extent the arrange- ment of the lesions in skin-diseases. The lines of cleavage run, for the most part, obliquely to the axis of the trunk, sloping from the spine downward and forward ; in the limbs they are mostly transverse to their longitudinal axis. 2. A mode of cell-division. Cleavers [kle'-verz) . See Galium aparine. Cleft {kleft) [ME., clift]. I. A fissure ; crevice. 2. The crotch, or point of junction of the legs. 3. In botany, divided half-way, as a leaf. C. Face. See Schistoprosopia. C. , Ocular, a fissure in the embryo, leading from the mouth to the eye. It is situated between the fronto-nasal process and the superior maxillary plate. C, Olfactory. See Olfactory. C. Palate, a congenital malformation of the palate, usually occurring with hare-lip. C. Sternum, con- genital fissure of the sternum. C, Visceral, or Branchial. The four slit-like openings on each side in the cervical region in the fetus, sometimes called the Branchial openings. The slits close (in the human fetus), except the upper, from which are developed the auditory meatus, tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube. See Branchial Clefts. Cleidal (kli'-dal) [fcXeif, clavicle]. Relating to the clavicle ; clavicular. Cleido- {kli'-do-) [ickelq the clavicle] . A prefix, mean- ing a relation to the clavicle. Cleido-hyoid {kW -do-hi' -oid) [/c/Uif, clavicle ; iiou&fig, shaped like the letter upsilon] . Relating to the clav- icle and the hyoid. Cleido-mastoid (kW -do-mas' -toid) [/cAe^f, the clavicle ; imnrdQ, the breast; el6o(, like]. Pertaining to the clavicle and to the mastoid process. Cleistocarp (khs'-to-karp) [KKetcTdg, that may be closed; Kapirdq, fruit]. In biology, an ascocarp in which the spores are completely enclosed and from which they escape by the rupturing of its walls. Cleistogamy (klis-tog'-am-e) [lOiuardg, that may be closed; jafiog, marriage]. In biology, self-fertiliza- tion in closed flowers. Cleithrophobia {kli-thro-fo' -be-afi) \K'kt'Spov, a bolt ; ^6^o<;, fear]. Same as Claustrophobia, but a better formed word. Clematin [klem' -at-in) [jikrjiiaTli, clematis]. An alkaloid from Clematis vitalba. Clematis [klem' -at-is) \_iArifiaTlq, clematis]. A genus of ranunculaceous plants of many species, most of which are acrid or poisonous. C. corymbosa is powerfully irritant and resistant. C. crispa and C. erecta are diuretic and diaphoretic, and are said to be antisyphilitic. C. viorna, C. virginica, and C. vitalba are similar in properties to C. erecta. Clemens' Solution. See Arsenium. Clemot's Operation, See Operations, Table of. Cleptomania [&lep-to-ma' -ne-ah). See Kleptomania. Cleptophobia {klep-to-fo' -be-ah) . See Kleptophobia. Clergyman's Sore-Throat. A chronic hypertrophic form of pharyngitis, with more or less enlargement of the tonsils and lymph-follicles of the posterior wall, due to excessive and improper use of the voice. Dysphonia clericorum. See also Pharyngitis, Granular. Clerk-Maxvtrell's Experiment. See Lowe's Ring. Clethrophobia {kleth-ro-fo' -be-aK) {jArfiptya , a bar, bolt ; mq, a conch-shell ; itiq, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the cochlea. Cockroach (kok'-roch). See Blatta. Coco {ko'-ko). Synonym of Yaws. See FrambcEsia. Coco, or Cocoa (i^yio) [Port., cacao']. See Cacao aia& Theobroma. C.-nut, the nut of Cocos nucifera, a palm-tree of tropical coast-regions. The oil is used as a substitute for cod-liver oil, and in Germany it is employed in pharmacy in the place of lard. C.-nut Fiber, coir. The coarse fibrous covering of the nut of the cocoa-palm is largely used in making brooms, brushes, matting, and coarse carpeting. The fiber is coarse, stiff, very elastic, round, and smooth like hair. It also has great tenacity, and is well adapted for cordage. C.-nut Oil, oleum cocois, is obtained from the dried pulp of the cocoa-nut by expression . It is an oil of the consistency of butter, fusing at from 73° to 80° F. (22. 7° to 26.6° C). When fresh, it is white in color and of sweet taste and agreeable odor, but it easily becomes rancid. It is easily saponified, even in the cold. It is used in the manufacture of candles and soap. Cocomania [ko-ko-ma'-ne-aK). See Cocainomania. Cocomaniac {ko-ko-ma^-ne-ak). See Cocainomaniac . Cocoolein [ko-ko-o' -le-in) [Port., cacao; oleum, oil]. A proprietary substitute for cod-liver oil, said to be derived from cocoa-nut oil. Cocotte (ko-kof) [Fr.]. Synonym of Influenza. Coction {kok'-shuri) [coctio ; coquere, to cook]. I. Digestion. 2. The preparatory alteration that morbific matter undergoes in preparation for its discharge. Zo^{kod)\]A'S..,cod\ I. The scrotum. 2. The belly. 3. In the plural, the testes. 4. The Cadus moi-rhua, a fish furnishing a valuable medicinal product. C. - liver Oil, an oil derived from the liver of the Gadus niorrhua, and ranging in color according to the method of its preparation from pale-straw to dark-brown ; its specific gravity is .923 to .924 or even .930 at 15° C. The finer qualities are used for medicinal purposes, the darker by tanners and curriers. See Morrhua. Codamin [ko'-dam-in) [ji&Sua, the head ; poppy-head ; amin], C^jHjjNOj. A crystalline alkaloid of opium, isomeric with laudanin. When ferric chlorid is added to it, it assumes a deep-green color, jdein HjO. A white, crystalline alkaloid of opium. It is mildly calmative and is serviceable in diabetes mel- litus. It is also valuable in ovarian pain. Dose gr. ss-ij. , C. Phosphate, soluble in water. Similar to morphin in action, but less toxic. Dose, hypodermi- cally, gr. ss. C. Sulphas, dose gr. ]/(,-%. C. Valeri- anate, an antispasmodic and sedative. Dose gr. ^. Codex [ko' -debs') [L. : pL, Codices]. A pharmacopeia or book of formula ; specifically, the French pharma- copeia. Codie Pine Resin. See Co^adie-gum. Codonostoma (ko-do-nos' -to-maK) [/c(i(Jik)i>,abell; arbfia, a mouth]. In biology, applied to the oral or disc aperture of certain marine invertebrates, medusas, etc, Coelelminth (se'-lel-mintK). See Celelminth. Coelia (se'-le-aK). See Celia. Cceliac (se' -le-aH) . See Celiac. Coeliaca (se-li' -ak-aK) . See Celiaca. Cceliadelphus (se-le-ad-el' -fus). See Celiadelphus. Cceliagra {se-le-a' -grah) . See Celiagra. Coelialgia [se-le-al'-je-ah). See Celialgia. Coelian, Cceline (se'-le-an, se'-lin). See Celean, Celine. Coeliocyesis (se-le-o-si-e'-sis). See Celiocyesis. Coeliolymph [se'-le-o-limf). See Celiolymph. Cceliomyalgia (se-le-o-mi-al'-je-aK). See Celiomyalgia. Coelioncus [se-le-ong'-kus). See Celioncus. Ccelioplegia (se-le-o-ple' -je-ah) \KoiXla, the belly; vXriyfi, a stroke]. A synonym of Asiatic cholera. Cceliopyosis (se-le-o-pi-o'-sis). See Celiopyosis. Cceliorrhcea (se-le-or-e' -ah) . See Celiorrhea. Coelioschisis [se-le-os' -kis-is). See Celioschisis. Ccelioscope {se' -le-o-skop) . See Celioscope. Coeliotomy {se-le-ot'-o-me). See Celiotomy. Coelitis {se-li' -tis). See Celitis. Coelodont {se' -lo-dont) [/coiAof, hollow ; h&ov^, tooth]. Hollow-toothed, as certain lizards — the opposite of Pleodont, or solid-toothed. Coelom, Cceloma {se' -lorn , se-lo' -mah) . See Celom. Coelophlebitis {se-lo-fle-bi'-tis). See Celophlebitis. Coelophthalmia {se-loff-thal' -me-ah). See Celophthal- mia. Ccelosis {se-lo'-sis). See Celosis. Ccelosoma {se-lo-so'-maK). See Celosoma. Coelosperm {se'-lo-sperm) [/coiAof , hollow ; awkpfia, seed]. In biology, a seed so curved as to form a con- cavity on one of its surfaces. CCELOSTOMIA 308 COKE Coelostomia {se-lo-sto'-me-ak). See Celostomia. Ccelumbrella (sel-um-brel' -ah) [mtko^, hollow ; um- brella, the disc of acalephs]. In biology, the con- cave surface of the gelatinous umbrella of Medusce. Coenenchyma (se-neng' -kim-aK) \kolv6^, common ; iyx^'i^, to infuse]. In biology, the calcified tissue common to the several polyps of a compound Acti- nozoon. Coenesthesis (sen-es-the'-sis). See Cenesthesis. Coenobium (se-no' -be-uiii] \kow6^, common ; ^loc, life]. In biology, a composite zoophyte or any colony of independent cells held together by a common invest- ment. Ccenoblast {se' -no-blast) [K0iv6q, common ; jSTiasTdg, a. germ]. In biology, the primitive germinal layer, giving rise to the endoderm and mesoderm. Ccenoecium (se-ne' -se-um) [_Koi,v6g, common ; ckof a dwelling]. In biology, the common dermal system of a polyzoan colony. The polypidom of Johnson. Ccenosarc [se' -no-sari) [koiv6^, common; crapf, flesh]. In biology, Allman's term for the "common living basis by which several polyps in a composite zoo- phyte are connected with one another." Coenosteum (se-nos' -le-am) [iwiv6q, common ; bareiv, bone]. In biology, the calcareous ectoderm of hy- drocorallines. Ccenotype [se'-no-tlp) [ noivdQ, common ; rtiTrof , type]. The fundamental type-form of a group. Ccenurus [se-nur'-us) [Koivdg, common; ovpa, tail]. The larva of Tcenia ccenurus, Kiichenmeister, pro- ducing the disease of sheep called staggers. See also Alternations of Generation. C. cerebralis, a many- headed hydatid found mainly in the brain and spinal canal of the ox and sheep (mostly in young animals). Occasionally it has been discovered in the muscles of man. It is now known to be the larva of the tape- worm, Tcenia canurus. See Parasites (Animal), Table of. Coeroulignone [se-ru-lig' -non) [cceruleus, blue; lig- num, wood] , CjpHjjOj. Cedriret ; a derivative of hexa-oxidi-phenyi. It separates as a violet powder when crude wood-spirit is purified on a large scale by means of potassium chromate. It is insoluble in the ordinary scjvents, and is precipitated in fine, steel-blue needles, from its phenol solution, by alcohol or ether. Coffee (kof'-e). See Caffea. C.-bean, Kentucky, the popular name for Gymnocladus canadensis. C- ground Vomit, the material ejected by emesisi in carcinoma and ulceration of the stomach and other gastric conditions. It consists of blood and otljer contents of the stomach changed by the action of the gastric juice. C.-tree, Kentucky. See Chicot. Coffeinism {kof'-e-in-izm) [caffea, coffee]. Excessive habitual use of coffee, or the state of ill-health that results from it. Coffer Dam, Barnum's. See Rubber Dam. Coffeurin [kof-e-u' -rin) [caffea, coffee; oipov, urine]. A principle said to sometimes be present in urine after the free use of coffee as a beverage or medicine. The urine then has the odor of coffee, and its color is red, brownish, or deep-brown. Cofiin [kof'-in) \i(6^ivoq, a basket]. I. A case in- tended to hold the dead body. 2. In farriery, the hollow portion of a horse's hoof. C. -birth, post- mortem expulsion of the fetus. C.-bone, the last or distal phalanx of a horse's foot. Cofiinism [kof ' -in-izm) [after Dr. Coffin, who advo- cated it] . A variety of quackery or professed system of medical practice. It resembles so-called Thom- sonianism. Cogged Breath-sound. Cog-wheel respiration or breathing. See Cog-wheel Sound. Cogvirheel Breathing or Respiration. See Cogwheel Sound and Breath-sounds. C. Sound, a pathologic sound sometimes heard in auscultation of the lungs, due to interruptions in the accession of air to a part ; this gives the sound an intermitting character. See Breath- Sounds. Cohabitation {ko-hab-it-a' -shun) [con, together; habitare, to dwell]. The living together of a man and woman, with or without legal marriage. Sexual connection. Cohen's Method. A method of inducing premature labor. It consists in injecting fluid into the uterine cavity between the uterine wall and the ovum. See Treatment, Methods of. Cohesion (ko-he' -zhun) [cohcerere, to stick together]. The force whereby molecules of matter adhere to each other. The ' ' attraction of aggregation. ' ' Cohn's Fluid. A fluid culture-medi^Itl. It is com- posed of potassium phosphate, o.l gm. ; magnesium sulphate, o.i gm.; tricalcic phosphate, o.oi gm.; dis- tilled water, 20 gm. ; ammonium tartrate, o. 2 gm. Cohnheim's Areas. See Area. C. Fields. See Cohn- heim's Areas. C. Frog. See Salt-frog. C. Method, a method of staining tissues. See Stains, Table of. C. Theory, a theory as to the origin of tumors; a satisfactory hypothesis, namely, to the effect that all true tumors are due to faulty embryonal development. The embryonal cells do not undergo the normal, changes, are displaced, or are superfluous. When the favorable conditions are presented later in life they take on growth, with the formation of tumors of various kinds. Cohnstein' s Operation. See Operations, Table of. Cohobation (ko-ho-ba' -shuti) [cohobare, to redistil]. I. Redistillation. 2. Recurrence of disease. Cohosh (ko'-hosh) [Am. Ind.]. A name given to several medicinal plants. C, Black. See Cimicifuga. C, Blue. See Caulophyllum. Coil (koU) [colligere, to gather together]. Rings formed by winding, as a wire. C.-gland. See Sweat-gland. C, Induction, rolls of wire in which an electric cur- rent is induced by the alternate opening and closing of a circuit. C, Leiter's. See Leiter's Tubes. C, Ruhmkorff, an induction-coil, or spark-coil. Coiling [koil'-ing) [colligere, to bind together]. Form- ing into spirals or rings. C. of the Cord. See Cord. Co'indication (ko-in-de-ka' -shun) [con, with ; indicare, to indicate] . A concurrent indication ; a collateral and confirmatory indication. Cf Contraindication. Coin-test {koin'-test). See Baccelli's Sign,3.nA Bell- Sound. Coir ikir) [Tamil, kayaru, a rope]. See Cocoanut- fiber. Colter's Corrugator. The corrugator supercilii. See Muscles, Table of. Coition (ko-ish'-un) [coire, to come together]. Same as Coitus. Coitus [ko'-it-us) [ coire, to come together]. The act of sexual connection. Copulation. C. Disease, the venereal disease of the horse. C. reservatus, con- gressus interruptus ; incomplete copulation ; the in- complete performance of the sexual act ; onanism. Coix \ko'-iks) [k6i^, an Egyptian variety of palm]. A genus of coarse monecious grasses. C. lacrima, an old-world species of grass, having very large and hard seeds, called Job^s tears, from which beads are made which are worn as amulets, and are thought to assist the process of dentition when bitten upon by young teething children. The seids are used locally for lung-troubles and for dropsy. Unof. Coke {kok) [origin uncertain]. The solid product of the carbonization of coal. COKO DISEASE 309 COLIC Coko Disease (k(/-ko dis-ez'). A name applied in the Fiji Islands to a disease resembling Yaws. Cola [ko'-lah). See Kola-nut. Colalgia (ko-lal' -je-aK) [/cd/loi', the colon ; d/lyof , pain] . Pain in the great intestine. Colation (ko-la' -shun) \colare, to strain]. The opera- tion of straining. Colatorium {kol-at-o' -re-uni) [L.]. A sieve, colander, or strainer ; used in pharmacy. Colature (ko' -lat-yur) [^colalura, straining]. In phar- macy, a liquid that has been subjected to eolation. Colchicein (kol-chis-e' -in) \KoXxui^, colchicum], C,j- Hj,N05-|-2H.^O. A crystalline decomposition-product of colchicin. Colchicin [koV -chis-in) [KoX;);i/(iiv, colchicum], CjjH,,- NO5. An alkaloid of colchicum ; it is a pale, brown- ish-yellow, exceedingly bitter powder, freely soluble in water. It is a very active poison. Its dose is gr. yiir °^ i milligram, hypoderraatically. Colchicum [kol' -ckik-um) \_koXxi.ic6v, colchicum : gen. , CokMci']. Meadow Saffron-. The corm and seed of C. autumnale, with properties due to an alkaloid, colchicin. It is an emetic, diuretic, diaphoretic, and drastic cathartic. It is valuable in acute gout, and is used with good results in gonorrhea. Dose of the pow- dered root gr. ij-viij, of the powdered seeds gr. j-v. C, Extract. (B. P.). Dose gr. ss-ij. C, Extract., Aceticum (B.P.). Dose gr. ss-ij. C. Rad., Ext., dilute acetic acid 35, powdered root too parts, water q.s. Dose gr. >^-ij. C. Rad., Ext., Fid. Dose iTi,ij-x. C. Rad., Vinum, 40 per cent, in strength. Dose ni,v-xv. C. Sem., Ext., Fid.. Dose n\,i-v. C. Sem., Vinum, 15 per cent, in strength. Dose n\,x-xxx. C, Tinct., prepared from the seed ; strength 15 per cejit. Dose n^x-xxx. C-, Vinum (B.P.). Dose n\,x-xxx. Colcothar {koV -ko-thar) [ML.]. A crude sesquioxid of iron ; red oxid of iron ; a tonic and hemostatic. Unof. See also Pigments, Conspectus of. Cold {kold) [AS. , ceald'\. I. The comparative want of heat. 2. A term used popularly for coryza and catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract. Cold is employed largely in various forms as a therapeutic agent, mainly for the purpose of lowering temperature and allay- ing irritation and inflammation. It may be used in the form ol affusion, that is, the sudden application of a considerable volume of cold water to the body. This application of the cold douche is contraindicated in all cases of extreme weakness, with feeble pulse. Cold may be used as an anesthetic (see Anesthetic) ; in baths (see Bath) ; in the form of compresses applied over the affected part ; in the form of irrigation, especially in the treatment of bruised and injured members ; as a lotion, for the purpose of relieving local heat, pain, and swelling ; as an injection, in the form of ice- water, into the vagina or rectum, for various conditions; and as the (oU pack, which is a valuable means of reducing the body-temperature in cases of hyperpyrexia. The patient is wrapped in a sheet wrung out of cold water ; as this becomes warm, it is replaced by a fresh cold one, or iced water may be poured upon it, or lumps of ice placed upon and around it. When the temperature is reduced the wet sheet should be removed and a light covering applied, but not a blanket. This is not as efficacious as the cold bath. Cold may be applied in the dry form by means of the ice-cap or bladder, wa india-rubber bag filled with ice, snow, or a freezing mixture. C. Abscess. See Abscess. C.-blooded. See Poikilothermic. C. on the Chest, bronchial catarrh, q. v. C. Coil. See Leiier's Coils. C. Cream. See Rosa. C. Freckles. See Lentigo. C. Pack. See Cold. C. Plague. Synonym of Cerebrospinal Meningitis. C. Sore, same as Fever- blister. C. Spots. See Temperature Sense. C. Stroke, u. condition, the analogue of heat-stroke, in which from excessive cold the patient is suddenly over- come and falls into a comatose state, shortly followed, as a rule, by death. C. Test, a test applied chiefly to lubricating oils to determine the point at which the oil begins to congeal, and ceases to flow. Colectomy {ko-lek' -to-me) [lidTixyv, colon ; etcro/iii, cut- ting out]. Excision of a portion of the colon. Coleitis (col-e-i'-tis) [fcoAEiif , sheath ; ing, inflamma- tion]. Vaginitis. Coleocele [koV -e-o-sel ) [/coAeiif , sheath ; KiiXi), tumor]. Vaginal tumor or hernia. Coleophyl (kol' -e-o-Jil) \_iioXs6g, sheath; ipiiMov, leaf]. In biology, the inx^ing sheath of the monocotyle- donous plumule. Coleoptosis (hol-e-op-to'-sis) [/co^iif, sheath; Trraai;, a. fall]. Prolapse of the vaginal wall. Coleorhiza [kol-e-or-i' -zah) [/coAeiSf, sheath ; /5/fqs, root]. In biology, a sheath that envelops the radicle in some embryos and through which roots penetrate when the seed germinates. Coleorrhexis [kol-e-or-eks' -is) [/coAeiif, a sheath ; {nfj^K, a rupture]. Rupture of the vagina., Coleostegnosis (kol-e-o-steg-no' -sis) [itoXedg, a sheath ; (TTtyvuffif, a constriction]. Contraction or atresia of the vagina. Colic (kol'-ik) \colicus, koXmSq, pertaining to the colon]. I. Pertaining to the colon. 2. A severe griping pain in the bowels or adjacent organs, as, e. g. , hepatic, nephritic, etc. In intestinal colic the paiiis radiate over the abdomen from the region of the umbilicus. The belly is usually distended (save in Lead-colic, q. v^, and pressure will usually relieve the pain. Colic may be due to irritation from the intestinal contents, a diseased condition of the bowel-wall, re- flex irritation from other abdominal viscera, and general blood-poisoning. C. of the Antilles, an ende- mic form of colic somewhat resembling lead-colic. C. Arteries. See Arteries, Table of. C, Biliary. See Gall-stones. C, Bilious. See C, Endemic. C, Copper, a colic or pain in the intestinal canal seen in workers in copper, and differing from lead colic in being attended with extreme prostration and diar- rhea. The duration is short and the prognosis favor- able. C, Cramp. See Cramp. C, Devonshire. Synonym of C. , Lead. C, Dry. See C. , Endemic. Also a synonym of C, Lead. C, Endemic, a variety of colic occurring epidemically in some of the inter- tropical countries. Its symptoms resemble those of lead-colic. It is not accompanied by any constant lesion ; it lasts frojn eight to fifteen days and may end in general paralysis and death, or it may become chronic. Relapses are frequent. C, Hill. See Hill Diarrhea. C, Horn. Synonym of Priapism. C, Lead, or C, Saturnine, or Colica Pictonum, painter's colic, is that due to lead-poisoning. It is common among those who use or work with lead. It is characterized by excruciating abdominal pain, a hard and retracted condition of the abdomen, slow pulse, and increased arterial tension. C, Madrid. Synonym of C, Lead. C, Meconial, the colic of the new-bom. C, Menstrual, the pain of menstrua- tion. C, Mucous. See Enteritis, Pseudo-membra- nous. C, Nervous. See C, Endemic C, Nor- mandy. Synonym of C. , Lead. C. of Poitou. Synonym of C, Lead. C. Root. See Alelris and Dioscorea. C, Sailors', a form of colic common among sailors. C. of Surinam. Synonym of C, Lead. C, Uterine, colic-like pains experienced at the menstrual epochs, often coming on in paroxysms. COLICA 310 COLLODION C, West Indian. Synonym of C, Lead. C, Zinc, a form of colic due to chronic zinc-poisoning. Qoiica. {kol' -ik-ah) [h.'\. Colic. C.pictonum (liter- ally, colic of the people of Poitou),.lead-colic. Paint- ers' Colic. See Colic, Lead. C. pituitosa. Syno- nym of Enteritis, Pseudo-membranous. C. scorto- rum, a pain in the pelvis of youthful prostitutes, symp- tomatic of the ovarian disease that results from their unnatural sexual relations. It is due probably to a pyosalpinx. Colicodynia (kol-ik-o-din'-e-ah). Pain in the large intestine. Colicoplegia [kol-ik-o-ple' -je-aK) [/cuAj/ciif, pertaining to the colon ; rrXjiyfj, a stroke]. Paralysis of the intes- tines. Also a synonym of Lead-colic. Colitis (ko-li'-tis) [^k.6'Iov, the large intestine ; mg, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the colon. See also Dysentery. C, Mucous. See Enteritis, Pseudo- membranous. C, Pellicular. A synonym of Mem- branous Enteritis. Collagen [kol'-aj-en) [/cd/l/la, glue ; yewaeiv, to pro- duce]. A substance existing in various tissues of the body, especially bone and cartilage ; it is converted into gelatin by boiling. Collapse {kol-afs') \_collabere, to fall together] . Extreme depression and prostration from failure of nervous force, as in cholera, shock, hemorrhage, etc. C of Lung, return of a portion or the whole of a lung to its fetal or airless condition from some mechanical hindrance to the entrance of air. It is characterized by dyspnea, with more or less cyanosis, and is mainly encountered in broncho-pneumonia. C, Parturient, parturient apoplexy ; vitular or vitulary fever ; puer- peral fever in cows. Collapsing (kol-afs'-ing) [collabere, to fall together]. Suddenly breaking down. C. Pulse. See Cor- rigan's Pulse. Collapsus {kol-aps' -us) [L.]. Collapse. C. cornese, entire collapse of the cornea. Collar {kol'-ar) [ME., coler'\. Something worn about the neck. C, Adjusting, in microscopes, a ring or collar acting on a serew to increase or decrease the distance between the systems of lenses of an objective. C.-bone. See Clavicle. C.-cell, in biology, a flagellate cell having the base of the flagellum sur- rounded by a collar-like extension of the cell-wall. C. -crown, in dentistry, an artificial crown, to be en- grafted on a natural root, attached to which is a gold collar which encircles the exposed portion of the root, and is soldered to the lining or backing that holds the dowel, or to the dowel by means of a disc between the base of the artificial crown and the natural root. Collateral {Jiol-at'-er-al ) \_con, together ; lateralis, of the side]. I. Accessory or secondary; not direct or immediate. 2. One of the first branches of an axis cylinder passing at right angles. Collecting Tubes of the Kidney. A name given to the ducts discharging into the calices of the kidneys. Collector {kol-ek' -tor) {collectare, to collect]. A de- vice by which any number of cells may be taken from or added to an electric current. CoUenchyma (kol-eng' -kim-ah) {KilAa, glue ; iyxw-t an infusion]. In biology, applied to a modified plant- parenchyma in which the cells are thickened at the angles, and swell in water to a glue-like mass. CoUenchyme [kol-eng'-Bm) [nbXla, glue ; lyx^f"^, an infusion]. In biology, a colorless gelatinous matrix in which are embedded the collencytes of sponges. CoUencyte (iol'-en-slt) [/coWa, glue ; h, in; /curof, cell]. In biology, the branched connective-tissue cells embedded in the collenchyme of sponges. CoUes' Fascia. The deep layer of the perineal fascia. It is attached to the base of the triangular ligament, to the anterior lips of the rami of the pubes and ischia laterally, and anteriorly it is continuous with the fascia of the scrotum. C. Fracture. See Fracture, and Diseases, Table of. C. Law. See Law. C. Ligament. See Ligament. C. Opera- tion. See Operations, Table of. Collet (kol'-et) [Fr. ; collum, the neck]. A neck or collar. A term applied by some writers on dental anatomy to the neck of a tooth. Colleterium (kol-et-e' -re-um) [mXhjrbg, glued to- gether]. In biology, a gland in certain insects that secretes a viscid substance for gluing the ova together. CoUetic (kol-ef-ik) iKoMr/Tind; ; /ai/l/la, glue]. Gluey; promoting surgical union in wounds. Colletocystophore (ko-let-o-sis' -to-for) \mKKriTi]g, one who glues ; avarig, bladder ; (j)epetv, to bear] . In biology, marginal bodies found in lucernarian hydro- zoans. CoUiculus [kol-ik' -u-lus) [dim. of collis, hill: pi., Colliculi'\. Any eminence of the cerebral parietes. The coUiculi are the caudatum, hippocamp, calcar, collateral eminence, occipital eminence, and amyg- daline eminence. Collidin (kol'-id-in) \«.6XKa, glue], CgH[,N. A name given to Nencki's ptomaine-base, isomeric but not identical with aldehyd-coUidin. The ptomaine was obtained from pancreas and gelatin allowed to putrefy together in water. Its constitution is still unknown. The free base is oily, and possesses a peculiar, agree- able odor. Nencki believed it an aromatic base. Its physiologic action appears to be doubtful, but an isomer of it discovered in ox-blood fibrin and in putrefied jelly-fish has a poisonous effect resembling that of curara. Frogs poisoned by the isomer emit an orange-flower odor. Nencki' s collidin is isomeric with collidin obtained from coal-tar. Collier's Lung. Synonym of Anthracosis. CoUilongus (kol-e-long' -gus) [collum, neck ; longus, long]. The muscle called longus colli. See Muscles. Collimator [kol' -im-a-tor) [collimare, to a.im &(]■ The receiving telescope of a spectroscope. Collin's Black, CgHjN. A name for Anilin Black, employed in staining microscopic sections. CoUinsonia {kol-in-so' -ne-ah) [after Peter CoUinson, an English gentleman]. A genus of labiate herbs. C. canadensis (stone-root, heal-all), is a coarse plant with a disagreeable smell ; it has useful tonic, diuretic, and diaphoretic properties. Dose gr. xv-lx in decoc- tion ; of the fluid extract n\,x-gj; of the tincture (l in lo) gss-ij. Q,o)X\'a.saxa.n.(kol-in-so'-nin) {CoUinsonia^ A precipitate from the tincture of the root of CoUinsonia canadensis. It is tonic, diaphoretic, resolvent, and diuretic. Dose 2 to 4 grains. Unof. CoUiquation {kol-ik-wa' -shun) \con, together ; liquare, to melt]. The liquefaction or breaking down of a tissue or organ. Colliquative {kol-ik' -wa-tiv) \_con, together; liquare, to melt]. Exhausting; enfeebling; copiously pro- fuse or excessive ; marked by excessive fluid dis- charge. C. Diarrhea, a profuse watery diarrhea. C. Necrosis, a high degree of inflammatory process in the tissues, with active movement of the leucocytes toward the central focus and rapid breaking down of the tissues, forming an abscess-cavity. C. Sweat, a profuse, clammy sweat. CoUocystis ijiol-o-sis' -tis) [kcSAAo, glue ; Kvant, cysts]. A gelatin capsule to facilitate the swallowing of a drug. Collodion {/tol-o'-de-on) [jcnUMng, glue-like]. See Pyroxylin. iSSfcAittv COLLODIUM 311 COLOR CoUodium (kol-o' -de-uni) . See Pyroxylin. Colloid {kol'-oid) [jim>, an eye-salve : pi. , Collyria'\. An astringent, antiseptic, or medicinal lotion for the eyes. More rarely, a vaporous or gase- ous medicament for application to the eyes, or even a powder, or solid, to be used in treating the eye topically, is called a collyrium. (Anciently, any suppository or medicated bougie was thus called.) C. adstringens luteum. See Graefe's Collynum and fforsfs Eye-water. Coloboma \kol-o-bo' -mafi) \i(oko^6tiv, to mutilate: pi., Colobomata']. A cleavage or fissure of parts of the eye, of congenital or traumatic origin. Congenital C. are due to imperfect closure of fissures during fetal development. C, Bridge, a variety in which the pupil is separated from the coloboma by a narrow thread of iris-tissue that stretches like a bridge from one pillar of the coloboma to the other. Colocentesis {kol-o-sen-te' -sis) [kATum, colon ; nevrJiaiq, puncture]. Surgical puncture of the colon. Colocleisis (kol-o-kli'-sis) [ji62,ov, colon ; K^sTmig, clo- sure]. Occlusion of the colon. Colocynth (kol'-o-sintK). See Colocynthus. Colocynthein ( kol-o-sin' -the-in ) [(co/lo/ciwflif , colo- cynth], CjjHgjOjj. A resinous decomposition-product of colocynthin. Colocynthin {kol-o-sin' -thin) \_m'knKmid'iq , colocynth], CjjHj^Ojj. The active principle of colocynth ; an extract, or a yellow amorphous, neutral, exceedingly bitter powder, soluble in water and alcohol, but not in ether. It is an irritant hydragogue cathartic. Dose gr. i;^' to I. Unof. Colocynthis [kol-o-sin' -this) [^no^Kwftig, colocynth]. Colocynth. The fruit of Citrullus colocynthis, from which the seeds and rind have been rejected. Its properties are due to a bitter glucosid, colocynthin, Cj^HajO^i,, the dose of which is gr. ^^ - \. It is a tonic and astringent pur- gative, and is used mainly as an ingredient of compound cathartic pills. It is somewhat useful in colic, sciatic rheumatism, and rieuralgia. C, Ext., alcoholic. Dose gr. %-\). C, Ext., Comp., contains colocynth ex- tract 16, aloes 50, cardamom 6, resin of scammony 14, soap 14, alcohol 10. Dose gr. v-xx. C, Pilula Comp. (B. P.) contains colocynth, aloes, scammony, sulphate of potassium and oil of cloves. Dose gr. v-x. Pilulae Cathartic. Comp., compound cathartic pills ; contain each, comp. ext. of colocynth gr. 1.3, ab- stract jalap gr. j, calomel gr. j, gamboge gr. ^. Dose j-iij pills. Pil. catharticae vegetabiles, contain colo- cynth, hyoscyamus, jalap, leptandra, resin of podophyl- lum, oil of peppermint. Pil. colocynth et hyoscyam. Dose gr. v-x. Laville's Anti-gout Remedy, con- tains colocynthin 2^, quinin, cinchonin aa 5, Span- ish wine 800, alcohol 100, water 1000 parts. Colocynthitin [kol-o-sin' -thit-in) [^Ko'AoKw6ig, colo- cynth]. A crystalline, tasteless, inactive principle of colocynth. Colo-enteritis ( kol-o- en-ter-i'-tis ) [ leuXov, colon ; svrepov, an intestine; iti(, inflammation]. Inflamma- tion of the small and large intestine. See Entero- colitis. Cologne (kol-on'). See Spiritus odoratus. C. Spirit, rectified commercial alcohol. C. Glue. See Glue. C. -water, aqua cologniensis. See Spiritus odoratus. C.-water Habit, the use of cologne-water as a drink for the purpose of experiencing the effects of the alcohol which it contains. Colognese [kol-on-lz'). Same as Umber. Colomba, Colombo [kol-om'-bah, kol-om'-bo). See Calumba. Colomiatti, Bacillus of. See Bacteria. Colon [ky-lon) [^k6Xov, koXov, the colon]. The second, and principal part of the large intestine. In the various parts of its course it is known as the ascending C, the transverse C, the descending C, and the sig- moid flexure. Colonia (ko-lon-i' -ah). Synonym of Dysentery. Colonic [ko-lon'-ik) [ku/mv, the colon]. Pertaining to the colon. Colonitis [ko-lon-i' -tis). See Colitis. Colony [kol'-o-ne) \_colonia, a colony] . A collection or assemblage, as of microorganisms in a special culture. C. Treatment, for the insane. See Gheel System. Colophony Resin [koU -o-fo-ne) [^Ko?i,o(p6v, a city of Ionia]. Rosiri. The solid residue left on distilling off the volatile oil from crude turpentine. Rosin is a brittle, tasteless, very friable solid, of smooth, shining fracture, specific gravity about 1.08. It softens at 80° C. (176° F.), and fuses completely to a limpid, yellow liquid at 135° C. (275° F.). It is insoluble in water, with difficulty soluble in alcohol, freely soluble in ether, acetone, benzene, and fatty oils. See Resin. Coloproctia [kol-o-prok' -te-ah) \k6\ov, colon ; npaKrdg, anus] . The formation of an artificial colonic anus. Colopuncture [kol' -o-punk' -chur) [/cd/lov, colon ; punc- tura, puncture]. Same as Colocentesis. Coloquintida [kol-o-kwin'-tid-ah) [ML.]. An old name for colocynth. Color [kull'-er) [color, color]. The differences in the appearance of a thing seen, other than those due to form and relief. The tint or hue of an object, de- pendent upon the number of vibrations of the ethereal stimulus. See Pigment. C. -blindness. See Blind- ness. C, Complementary, any color that added to another color, or to a mixture of colors, produces white. C. -contrast, any two colors that, when mixed, supplement the prevailing tone of the light. C.-cure, the supposed therapeutic effect of exposure to variously colored light. C. -hearing, the excitation of the visual center for color through the auditory nerve ; the perception of sound photisms. See Photism. C.-» image, an image of a highly-colored object lighted with so wide an aperture that the refraction-images are drowned in the light. C. -sensation, depends on the number of vibrations of the ether, the same as the pitch of a note depends on the number of vibrations of the sounding body. Hering's Theory of C.-s pre- dicates disassimilation and assimilation (decomposition and restitution) of the visual substance in vision — white, red, and yellow representing the sensation of disassimilation, black, green, and blue that of restitu- tion. The Young-Helmholtz Theory assumes three COLORECTITIS 312 COLTSFOOT kinds of nerve-elements corresponding to the three primary colors. Stimulation of the first develops red, of the second, green, of the third, violet. See Photism. C. -sense, the faculty by which the various colors are distinguished. C.-top, a top containing on the sectors of its disc a number of colors to be " mixed" by rapid whirling. Colors, Mixed, those produced when the retina is excited by two or more simple colors. C, Saturated, those containing little or no white. C, Simple, those of the spectrum. Colorectitis (ko-lo-rek-W -tis) [/cdAov, colon ; rectus, straight ; nv;, ■ inflammation] . Inflammation of the colon and rectum. Also, a synonym of Dysentery. Colorectostomy {ko-lo-rek-tos'-to-me) [jidXav, colon ; rectus, straight; ardfia, a mouth]. The surgical establishment of a passage between the colon and the rectum. ColoTimeter [kull-or-im'-et-er') \color, color; /liTpov, measure]. An instrument for determining the quan- tity of coloring matter in a mixture, as in the blood. See Hemochroniometer. t^loiin [kult'-or-in] [fo/o?', color]. An alcoholic extract of madder. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Coloring (kuU'-or-ing) [color, color]. A tint or combi- nation of colors. C. Matters. See Pigments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs. Colostomy (ko-los' -to-me) \_kSKov, colon ; arifia, open- ing]. I. The formation of an artificial anus by an opening into the colon ; coloproctia. 2. Any surgical operation upon the colon that makes a perma- nent opening into it, whether internal or external. Colostration (kol-os-tra' -shun) [colostrum, the first milk after delivery]. A disease or illness of young infants ascribed to the effects of the colostrum. Colostric [kol-os'-trik) [colostrum, the first milk after delivery]. Relating to colostrum. Colostrous (kol-os' -trus) [colostrum, the first milk after delivery] . Of the nature of or containing colostrum. Colostrum [kol-os' -truni) [L.]. The first milk from the mother's breasts after the birth of the child. It is laxative, and assists in the expulsion of the meconium. C. Corpuscles, small microscopic bodies contained in the colostrum. They are the epithelial cells of the mammary glands, full of oil globules. After about the third day these cells burst and set free the fat globules before they leave the gland, and in this way the true milk is formed. Colotomy {ko-lot'-o-me) [K62.m, colon; re/tve/v, to cut]. Incision of the colon, either abdominal, lateral, lum- bar, or inguinal, according to the region of entrance. Colotyphus {kol-o-ti' -fus) [k61ov, colon ; Tvijm^, smoke]. Enteric fever with involvement of the colon. Also a synonym of Dysentery. Colpalgia (kol-pal' -je-aK) [(cdAn-of, vagina ; d/lyof,pain]. Vaginal pain or neuralgia. Colpaporrhexis {kol-pap-or-reks' -is) [k6')\.'ko^, vagina; kiri, from ; p^fif, a tearing, or breakage]. Severance of the cervix from the body of the uterus. Colpatresia (kol-fat-re' -se-ah) [K6'kK0Q, vagina ; arpriToi, not perforated]. Occlusion or atresia of the vagina. •Colpectasia (kol-pek-ta' -se-ah) [(aJATrof , vagina ; iKTaaic,, a stretching out]. Vaginal dilatation. Colpedema {kol-ped-e' -mah) [xjUK-Koq, vagina ; tAStjjia, swelling]. Edema of the vagina. Colpemphraxis (kol-pem-fraks' -is) [niXvoq, vagina ; iji^pa^i^, a stoppage]. Obstruction of the vagina. Colpeurynter [kol-pu-rin' -ter)[ii6'k'Koq, vagina ; evpvvsiv, to widen]. An inflatable bag or sac used for dilating the vagina. Colpeurysis (Aol-pu'-ris-is) [adXTro^, vagina ; EvphvEiv, to dilate]. Vaginal dilatation, especially that effected by the colpeurynter. Colpitis {kol-pi'-tis)[xAXTTOQ, vagina ; itiq, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vagina. Colpocele [kol'-po-sll, or se'-le) [«/iXttoq, vagina; KrfKi) tumor] . Hernia or tumor in the vagina. Colpocleisis (kol-po-kli'-sis) [KijAmif , vagina ; liXeltnj^, a closure]. The surgical closure of the vagina. Colpocystic (kol-po-sis'-tik) [iiiXtro^, vagina; Kiian;, bladder]. Relating to the vagina and the bladder; vesico-vaginal. Colpocystitis [iol-po-sis-ti' -tis) [ic6?[nn(;, vuginsn Kiari^, bladder ; iTi(, inflammation] . Inflammation of the vagina and the bladder. Colpocystocele (kol-po-sis' -to-sel) [k/A'ko^, vagina; Kvarig, a bladder ; /o/Aiy, a tumor] . A hernia of the bladder into the vagina, with prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall. Colpocystosyrinx (kol-po-sis-to-sir' -ingks) [Kli/ljrof, vagina; Kiang, cyst; avpcy^, pipe]. Vesico-vaginsd fistula. Colpocystotomia {kol-po-sis-to-to'-me-ah). See Colpo- cystotomy. Colpocystotomy {kol-po-sis-tof -o-me) [/cii/lirof , vagina ; Kvarcg, bladder ; TOfi^, a cut] . Surgical incision of the bladder through the vaginal wall. Colpohyperplasia (kol-po-hi-per-pla' -ze-ah'^ [mi/lirof, vagina ; mip, over; v'kbxsauv, to form]. Hyperplasia of the vagina. Colpo-hysterectomy {kol-po-his-ter-ek' -to-me) [kAXtto^, vagina; ioT^pa,womb; eicTO/iiy, excision]. Removal of the uterus through the vagina. Colpo-hysterotomy (kol-po-his-ter-of -o-me) [/cd^wof, vagina; varipa, womb; Topjij, section]. Surgical in- cision of the vagina and uterus. Colpoleukorrhea (kol-po-lu-kor-e'-ah) [nSXirof, vagina ; /l£!)/c(if, white; }>hLV, to flow]. Vaginal leucorrhea. Colpo-myomotomy {kol-po-mi-o-mot' -o-me) [/cd/lirof, vagina ; fiv^, a muscle ; TEjivuv, to cut]. Vaginal myomotomy. Colpopathy (kol-pop' -a-the) [k6'K'koq, vagina; triiBoq, illness] . Any disease of the vagina. Colpoperineoplasty (kol-po-per-in-e' -o-plas-te) [k6\vo^, vagina ; ■Kspiveoo, the perineum ; TTTJusativ, to form]. Plastic operation for abnormality of the vagina and perineum. Colpoplastic (kol-po-plas' -tik) [K67i,nog, vagina; jr/laff- aeiv, to form]. Relating to colpoplasty. Colpoplasty i^ol' -po-plas-te) [(tiJATro?, vagina ; ■K'klusaem, to form]. Plastic surgical operation upon the vagina. Colpoptosis (kol-pop-to' -sis) [/cttTrof, vagina; Trrumf, a falling]. Prolapse of the vagina. Colporrhagia (kol-por-a' -je-ah) [(ccSATrof, vagina ; l>riyvvvai, to burst forth]. Vaginal hemorrhage. Colporrhaphy [kol-por' -a-fe) [/cdATrof, vagina; j5a^ij, seam] . Suture of the vagina. Colponhea [kol-por-e' -ah) [/co^Trof, vagina ; po'ia, a flo w] . Vaginal leucorrhea ; a mucous discharge from the vagina. Colporrhexis {kol-por-ek' -sis) [r6\'ko^, vagina; ^^fif, rupture]. Laceration or rupture of the vagina. Colpostegnosis (kol-po-steg-no' -sis) [K(i/i,7rof , vagina ; OTkyvaaLZ, closure]. Same as Co(postenosis. Colpostenosis (kol-po-ste-no' -sis) [K6\no(, vagina ; ure- v6q, narrow]. Stenosis or constriction of the vagina. Colpotomy (kol-pof -o-me) [Kii/ljrof, vagina; Toy.ii, a cutting]. Surgical or obstetric incision of the vs^ina. Colpoxerosis (kol-po-%e-ro' -sis) [itdATrof, vagina ; fepSf, dry]. Morbid dryness of the vagina. Colt-ill (kolt'-il). See Strangles. Coltsfoot [koltz'-foot). The leaves of Tussilago far- fara, a demulcent' and tonic, sometimes prescribed for chronic cough. Dose of decoction, §j to Oj, n tea- cupful; of fld. ext. gj-ij. Unof. COLUMBIN Columbin [kol-um'-bin). An active principle of Ca- lumba. It is a coloriess crystalline substance of excessively bitter taste and neutral reaction. Columbo (kol-um' -bo) . See Calumbo. Columella (kol-u-mel' -ah) [L., a little column]. 1. The column-like rod of birds and reptiles, a part of the organ of hearing, corresponding to the stapes of the higher animals. 2. The modiolus or central axis of the cochlea of the human ear. See Cochlea and Modiolus. C. res denies; the cuspid teeth are so called from their shape. Column {kol'-um) \columna, a column]. A pillar or column. Applied to sundry column-like organs of the body, and especially to certain parts of the spinal cord. C, Anterior, the layer of white matter in either half boO'9 Columns of Spinal Cord. A. C. Anterior commissure. P. C. Posterior commissure. I.g. s. Intermediate gray substance. P. cor. Posterior cornu. c. c. p. Caput cornu posterioris. L. L. L. Lateral limiting layer. A.-L. A T. Antero-lateral ascending tract, which extends along the periphery of the cord. (Goaiers.) of the spinal cord included between the anterior horn and anterior nerve-roots, and the anterior median fis- sure. It contains the anterior or direct pyramidal tract, a portion of the antero-lateral ascencfing tract, and a portion of the anterior ground-fibers. C, Antero - lateral Ascending. See C. of Gowers. C. of Burdach, the postero-extemal column of the cord. C. of Clarke, a column of gray substance oc- cupying the region to the outer and posterior part of the central canal of the spinal cord, at the inner part of the base of the posterior cornu. It is most marked in the dorsal region, and contains fusiform cells, some furnished with axis-cylinder processes. It is also called the posterior vesicular column of the cord. C, Direct Cerebellar, in the spinal cord, is situated outside of the lateral pyramidal tract, and ventrad of the Spitzka- Lissauer column. It is sensory or afferent. C, Dor- so-mesal, a name for the postero-median column of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. C. of GoU, the postero-median column of the spinal cord. C, Gowers', in the spinal cord, a bunch of fibers lying in front of the direct cerebellar tract and reaching around upon the periphery of the anterior pyramidal tract. It is probably a sensory column containing the nerves of pain and temperature. C, Lateral, the layer of white matter in either half of the spinal cord included between the posterior horn and posterior nerve-roots, and the anterior horn and anterior nerve- 313 COMA roots. It contains the lateral pyramidal tract, the di- rect cerebellar tract, and the greater part of the anterior ground-fibers and antero-lateral ascending tract. C. of Morgagni, vertical folds of the rectal mu- cous membrane seen at the point. of union of the latter with the skin of the anus. They diminish, but are not entirely effaced, when the bowel is distended. Between their lower ends little arches are sometimes found stretching from one to the other, forming pockets of skin and mucous membrane. These are the sinuses of Morgagni; they are more developed in old people. C, Posterior, a collection of white-matter situated in the spinal cord on either side between the posterior horns and posterior nerve-roots, and the posterior median fissure. It is divided into two parts by the imperfect intermediate septum, a narrow " pos- tero-median column, " and n. wide ' ' postero-extemal column." C, Postero- external, the outer wider division of the posterior column of the cord ; the column of Burdach. C, Postero-median, the me- dian division of the poste- rior column of the cord; the column of Goll. C. of Rolando, an eminence on the lateral border of the medulla oblongata. C. of Spitzka-Lissauer, in the spinal cord a group of nerve-fibers lying just in front and just behind the posterior horns or comua. C, Posterior - vesicu- lar. See Column of Clarke. C. of TUrck, the anterior or direct pyramidal tract. Col- umns of the External Abdominal Ring, the free borders of the apon- eurosis of the external oblique muscle. QtoXwccva^L. [kol-um^ -nah) [L.]. A column or pillar. C. bertini, that part of the cortical structure of the kid- neys that separates the sides of any two pyramids, and through which the arteries and nerves enter, and the veins and lymphatics emerge. C. nasi, the antero- posterior septum between the nostrils. C. vertebralis, the spinal column. Columnae carnea:, muscular col- umns projecting from the inner surface of the cardiac ventricles. Colytic [ho-lit'-ik) [_K0^vnii6c, preventive]. Prevent- ive ; inhibitory ; caused by an obstruction ; antiseptic. Coma [ko'-maK) \Kbfm, the hair of the head] . In bi- ology, any tuft, as the top of a pineapple, the hairs on the end of a seed, etc. Coma (ko'-maK) [^Ka/ia, deep sleep]. Abnormally deep and prolonged sleep, with the cerebral functions in abey- ance ; it is due to many conditions affecting the cere- brum directly or indirectly. The well-marked form is characterized by stertorous breathing, relaxation of the sphincters, lividity of the face, and loss of parallelism of the optic axes. C, Alcohol, that due to poison- ing by alcohol. C, Apoplectic, that due to apoplexy. C. diaceticum, a form of coma occurring in carcinoma of the stomach and in diabetes. It is due to the pres- ence of diacetic acid in the system. It is also called Diabetic coma. C. Kusstnaul's. See Kussmaul. C, Uremic, that due to uremia. C. Vigil, a comatose COMANIC ACID 314 COMPLEXUS condition in which the patient lies with open eyes, but unconscious and delirious. This is occasionally met with in typhoid and typhus fevers, and in deli- rium tremens. Comanic Acid [ko-man' -ik) . See Add. Comatose [ko'-mat-os) \sZijjuj,, a deep sleep]. In a con- dition of coma. Combination {kom-bin-a' -shun) \_combmare, to com- bine] . The act of grouping or uniting ; chemic union. C.-back, in the microscope, the lens-system of an objective farthest from the object, composed of a plano-concave of flint glass and a bi-concave of crown glass, or a bi-concave and two bi-convex glasses. C. -front, in the microscope, the lens-system nearest the objective. Combustion (kom-bus' -chun) [comburere, to burn up]. The process of oxidation, attended with the liberation of heat and sometimes of light. It is loosely used as a synonym of inflammation. C, Spontaneous, that due to heat from chemic changes, such as the spon- taneous ignition of oiled waste or shoddy in woolen mills, factories, etc. C, Spontaneous Human, the supposed burning of the body without the external application of heat. Comedo {kom' -e-do) [roz«^i/o, a glutton : pi., Coniedones\. Grubs ; Grub-worms ; Black-heads. A chronic dis- order of the sebaceous glands characterized by yellow- ish or whitish pin-point and pin-head sized elevations, containing in their center exposed blackish points. They are found usually on the face, back of the neck, chest, and back, and are often associated with acne. They occur as a rule in the young. Occasionally a parasite, the Demodex folliculorum, a small mite, is found in each comedo. Comenic Acid [ko-men' -ik) . See Acid. Comes (ko'-mez) \\^.: pi., Comites']. A companion, as a vein or nerve to an artery. Comfrey (kum'-fre) [ME., cuinfirie\. The root of Symphytum officinale, a. demulcent, slightly astringent and tonic drug. It is a common ingredient of domes- tic cough-mixtures. Dose of the decoction indefinite ; of the fld. ext. 3J-ij. Unof. Comma-bacillus {kom' -ah-bas-il' -us) . See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Commensal {kom-en'-sal) [com, together; mensa, table]. In biology, the harmonious living together of two animals or plants. One of two such organisms. Commi (kom'-e) Ik.6/i/j.i, a gum]. Any gum; the purgative gum-resin of Exccscaria cochinchinensis, a tree of Indo-china. Comminution {kom-in-u'-shun) \comminutio ; com- minuere, to break in pieces]. The process by which a solid body is reduced to pieces of varying sizes. It includes the various operations of cutting, rasping, grating, slicing, pulverizing, levigating, triturating, elutriating, granulating, etc. See, also, Fracture, Comminuted. Commissure, Commissura [kom'-is-Ur, kom-is-u'- rah) \committere, to unite]. A joining or uniting together. C, Anterior {of third ventricle) , a rounded cord of white fibers placed in front of the anterior crura of the fornix. It perforates the corpus striatum on either side, and spreads out into the substance of the hemispheres over the roof of the descending horns of the lateral ventricles. C, Anterior White (of spinal cord), a layer of fibers separating the posterior gray commissure from the bottom of the aterior median fissure. C, Gray (of spinal cord), the transverse band of gray matter connecting the crescentic masses of gray matter of each half of the spinal cord. C. magna, the corpus callosum. C, Middle, a band of soft gray matter connecting the optic thalami, and continuous with the gray matter lining the anterior part of the third ventricle. C, Optic, the union and crossing of the two optic nerves in front of the tuber cinereum. C, Posterior (of third ventricle), a flattened white band connecting the optic thalami posteriorly. C, Posterior White (of spinal cord), a band of fibers separating the gray commissure from the bottom of the posterior median fissure. Commissura brevis, a portion of the inferior vermiform process of the cerebellum, situated in the incisura posterior. C. simplex, a small lobe on the upper surface of the cerebellum near the incisura posterior. Common (kom'-un) [communis, common]. Belonging or pertaining to all. Prostitute. C. Black. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Commotio (kom-o'-she-o) [L.]. A commotion or shock. C. cerebri. Synonym of Shock. C. retinse, the name given to those cases in which a depreciation, or perhaps an entire loss of vision, follows a blow on or near the eye. It can be explained as the result of insensibility due to the same changes in the retina as occur in the central organ of patients suffering from concussion of the brain. Communicans (kom-u' -nik-ans)\y,.'\. Communicating. C. noni. See Nerves, Table of. Communication (kom-u-nik-a' -shun) [communicare, to communicate]. I. The transference of a contagium from one person to another. 2. The channel between two or more parts. C. -plate, in biology, a perforated diaphragm between the zooids of a composite actin- ozoon (the " Rosettenplatte " of Reichert, and the Communication-pore of Smith) by means of which communication is maintained between all the cells in a colony and between all the compartments of the stolon in Polyzoa. C.-pore. See C. -plate. Commutator (kom' -u-ta-tor) \commutare, to exchange]. An instrument for automatically interrupting or revers- ing the flow of an electric current, making and break- ing it with desired frequency. See Electric. Comose (ko'-mds) [coma, hair]. Having much hair. Compass Plant (kum' -pas plant). See Rosin Weed. Compatibility (kom-pat-ib-il'-it-e) [compati, to suffer with] . The property of being compatible ; suscepti- bility (as of different medicines) of being exhibited in the same solution with no loss of the desired' effect, and without change in constitution. Compensating (kom' -pen-sa-ting) [compensare, to com- pensate] . Making amends for. C. Ocular. See Oc- ular. C. Operation, in ophthalmology, tenotomy of the associated antagonist in cases of diplopia from paresis of one of the ocular muscles. Complaisance, Operations of (kom-pla-zongs' ). See Election. Complanate (kom' -plan-at) [complanatus, to make plane or level]. In biology, flattened. Complemental ( kom-ple-mcn' -tal) \complementum, that which completes or fills up]. Supplying a defi- ciency. In biology, forming a complement to a female. C. Air. See Air. C. Male, one of such supernumerary males as those cirripedia (Ibla) that lie within the sac of the female. Complementary (kom-ple-men' -ter-e) \complementare, to fill up; to complete]. Complemental. C. Colors. See Color and Pigment. Completely Born (kom-plet'-le bom). As employed in legal medicine, this expression implies that the child must be in the world in all its parts, i. e. , completely external to the mother. It does not imply that the pla- centa has been separated or the cord divided. Complexus (kom-pleks' -us) \complexus, complex]. The totality of symptoms, phenomena, or signs of a morbid condition. C. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. COMPLICATION 315 CONCHOSCOPE Complication {kom-plik-a' -shun) \complicare, to fold together]. A disease or a process secondary to and more or less dependent upon some primary disease. Compos Mentis (kom''pos men' -Hi) [L.]. Of sound mind, memory, and imderstanding. See Non Com- pos Mentis. . Composite [kom-poz'-ii ) [componere, to put together] . 1. Composed of distinct portions. 2. In biology, be- longing to the order Composite. C. Monsters ; this is a term used to designate any form of monstrosity showing some degree of duplicity in the main regions of the body. Composition {kom-po-zish' -un) \composUio, a putting together]. Compounding; applied to drugs. The constitution of a mixture. C. Powder, a popular name (originally Thomsonian) for the pu/vis myricise compositus, N. F. At present it is a mixture of finely powdered bayberry bark [Myrica cerifera), 12 parts; ginger, 6 parts; capsicum and cloves, each I part. It is useful for sore throat and severe coryza. Unof C. Tea, a warm drink composed of dififerent'spices, and used as a stomachic and to abort an attack of coryza. Compound {kom' -pound, or kom-pound') [ME., com- pounen, to mix or compound]. I. To mix, as drugs. 2. Composed of several parts ; in chemistry, a com- pound body. C. Cathartic Pills. See Colocynth. C. Cavities, cavities in teeth that are produced by the coalescence of two cavities or by the extension of a single cavity in such a manner as to include two sur- faces of a tooth. C. Fracture. See Fracture. C. Granule-Cell. See Corpuscle, Gluge's. C. Oxy- gen, a quack cure-all consisting of a strong solution of potassium nitrate or chlorate through which the air. to be inhaled is passed. Compounding {kom-pound' -ing) [ME., compounen, to mix]. The mixing, manipulation, and preparation of the drugs ordered in a prescription. Compress (kom'-pres) \compressus, pressed together]. Folded cloths, wet or dry, applied firmly to the part for relief of inflammation, or to prevent hemorrhage. C, Fenestrated, with a hole for drainage or inspec- tion. C, Graduated, the strip applied directly is small ; the others, progressively larger, cover it. Compressed (kom-presd') \compressus, pressed to- gether]. Firmly pressed together ; having the lateral diameter reduced. C. Air, air the density of which has been increased by compression. C. -Air Bath. Se Bath. Compression {kom-presh' -un) \_compressus , pressed to- gether]. The state of being compressed. C. -atro- phy, atrophy of a part from constant compression. Instances are the Chinese foot, liver-atrophy of tight lacing, atrophy of tissues from pressure by an aneurysm. C. of Brain. See Brain. C. -myelitis, myelitis due to compression. See Myelitis. Compressor (kom-pres' -or) \comprimere, to press to- gether]. 1. An instrument for compressing an artery, vein, etc. 2. It is also applied to muscles having a com- pressing function, as the C. naris, C. ventE dorsalis penis, etc. See Muscles, Table of. 3. One of the light springs inserted on either side of the stage of a microscope for holding the slide in position ; a clip. C. sacculi latyngis, the inferior aryteno-epiglottideus muscle. See Muscles, Table of. C. urethras, constrictor urethrsE. See Muscles, Table of. Compressorium [kom-pres-o' re-um) [compressor, ■ a compress] . An instrument devised for making pressure on the cover-glass of a. microscope-slide in order to favor separation of the elements of the specimen to be examined. Comptonia [komp-to' -ne-ah) [after Henry Compton, Bishop of London, a botanist] . A genus of plants. C. asplenifolia. See Liquidambar. Conarial (ko-na' -re-al) ^Kuv&piov, the pineal gland]. Relating to the conanum. C. Vein. See Vein. Conario-hypophyseal (ko-na-re-o-hi-po-fis'-e-al) [ku- yapiov, the pineal gland ; vnotpvaiQ, an undergrowth] . Relating to the conarium and' to the hypophysis of the cerebrum ; pineo-pituitary. Conarium (ko-na' -re-um) [Kmidpcov ; dim. of aamg, a. cone]. See Pineal Gland. Conation (ko-na' -shun) [«»an', to endeavor]. Theex- ertive power of the mind, including will and desire ; a special act or exercise of the exertive power. Concassation (kon-kas-a' -shun) [concassatio ; con, to- gether ; cassare or quassare, to shake, to beat] . I . The shaking of medicines, as in a bottle ; the pulverizing of drugs by beating. 2. Mental distress or affliction. Concato's Disease. See Diseases, Table of, and PolyorrkyTnenitis, Concaulescence (kon-kawl-es' -ens) [con, together; caulis,a. stalk]. In biology, the partial fusion of the pedicle of a flower with the stem from which it springs. Concavo-concave (kon-ka'-vo-kon'-kav). See Lens, Biconcave. Concavo-convex (kon-ka'-vo-kon'-veks). See Lens, Periscopic. Conceive [kon-slv') \concipere, to take in]. To become pregnant. Concentration (kon-sen-tra' -shun) [con, together ; cen- trum, the center]. Evaporation of part of the water or other liquid of a mixture, thus rendering it relatively more dense. Concentric (kon-sen'-irik) [con, together ; centrum, the center] . Arranged in an equidistant manner about a center. C. Hypertrophy of the Heart, increase in the muscular texture of tlie heart, the capacity of the cavities remaining unchanged. Conception (kon-sep/ -shun) [concipere, to conceive]. I. The fecundation of the ovum by the spermatozoid. See Pregnancy. 2. The abstract mental idea of any- thing ; the power or act of mentally conceiving. C, Imperative, a false idea that an insane person dwells upon, and which he cannot expel from his mind, even when he knows it to be absurd, and which dominates his actions. Concha, [kong' -kah) [Kdy^a, a. sheW]. A shell. Applied to organs having some resemblance to a shell, as the patella, vulva, etc., and especially to C. auris, or the hollow part of the external ear. C. narium, the tur- binated bones. C. santoriniana, a name applied to a fourth turbinated bone sometimes found in the nose. Conchiolin (kong-ki' -o-lin) [ic6y;^a, a shell ; lov, a vio- let], CjoHjgNgOjj. The skeletin material that forms the organic bases of the shells of gastropods. C. Os- teomyelitis. See Osteomyelitis. Conchitis (kong-ki' -tis) [ic6-yx<^, ^ shell ; mg, inflamma- tion] . Inflammation of the concha. Concho-anthelix (kong' -ko-ant' -he-liks) [K6yxa, a shell; avBtXi^, the inner curvature of the ear] . The muscle called obliquus auriculae. See Muscles, Table of. Concho-helix (kong' -ko-he' -liks) [adyxa, a shell ; eA«f , a spiral]. The muscle called transversus auriculas. See Muscles, Table of. Conchology (kong-kol' -o-je) [K.6yxa, a shell ; "kkyuv, to speak]. That department of science that deals with the shells of molluscs. Conchometer (kong-kom' -et-er) [Koyxa, a shell ; fihpov, a measure] . An instrument for the measurement of the shells of molluscs. Conchoscope (kong' -ko-skop) [xdyxa, a shell ; the na- ris ; moiretv, to inspect] . . A speculum and mirror for inspecting the nasal cavity. CONCOCTIO 316 CONDURANGO BARK Coacoctio(ion-ioi'-sAe-t))[h.'\. Digestion. C. tarda. Synonym of Dyspepsia. Concoction (kon-kok' -shurC) \concoquere, to boil to- gether]. The act of boiling two substances together. Concolor [kon-kuW -or) \con, together; color, color], In biology, having the same color on both sides or over the entire surface. Concomitant (kon-kom' -it-ant) \j:oncomitari, to accom- pany]. Accompanying. C. Strabismus. See Stra- bismtis, C. Symptoms, symptoms that are not in themselves essential to the course of a disease, but that may occur in association with the essential symptoms. Concrement (kon' -kre-ment) \concrescere , to grow to- gether]. A concretion. ConcTesce (kon'-kres) \con, together; crescere, to grow]. In biology, to grow together. Concrescescence (kon-kres-es'-ens) [con, together; crescere, to grow]. In biology, the union of the germ-bands to form the primitive streak. Concrete {kon^-kret, or kon-krH' ) \concrescere, to grow together]. Solidified or condensed. Concreted Sugar, the product of the Fryer concretor, or simi- lar form of apparatus. It is a compact, boiled-down mass, containing both the crystallizable sugar and im- purities that ordinarily go into the molasses. It shows little or no distinct grain. Concretion (kon- kre' -shun) [concretio ; concrescere, to grow together] . The solidification or condensation of a fluid substance ; a calculus ; a union of parts normally separate, as the fingers. C, Animal, an earthy deposit found in any of the various organs or secretions of the body. These concretions have a fibrous base containing salts of calcium, phosphorus, or magnesium. Concubitus (kon-ku' -bit-us) [concumbere , to lie to- gether]. Copulation. Concursus (kon-ker'-sus) \concursere, to run together] . A synonym of Anastomosis. Concussion (kon-kush'-un) [concussio, a violent shock]. Shock ; the state of being shaken ; a severe or inju- rious shaking or jarring of m part ; also, the morbid state resulting from such a jarring. C. of Brain. See Brain. C. of Spinal Cord. A condition caused by severe shock of the spinal column, with or without appreciable lesion of the myelon. Concussor (kon-kus'-or) \concutere, to shake]. In massage, an apparatus for gently beating the part to be treated. Condaminea (kon-dam-in' -e-ah) [after Condamine, the botanist]. A genus of Cinchona-yielding trees. Condensability (kon-dens-ab-il' -it-e) \condensare, to condense] . Capacity for undergoing condensation. Condensation {kon-den-sa^ -shun) [condensare, to con- dense]. In chemistry, the union of two or more mole- cules by the linking of carbon-atoms and the forma- tion of complicated carbon-chains. 2. The patholog- ic hardening, with or without contraction, of a soft organ or tissue. Condensed (kon-densd') [condensare, to make thick] . Made compact; reduced to a denser form. C. Milk, milk that has had most of its watery elements evapo- rated according to a knovvn process. Condensed milk prepared with the addition of cane-sugar is a white or yellowish-white product of about the consistency of honey and ranging in specific gravity from 1.25 to 1. 41. It should be completely soluble in from four to five times its bulk of water, without separation of any •flocculent residue, and then possess the taste of fresh, sweetened milk. Condensed milk prepared without the addition of cane-sugar is not boiled down to the same degree, and therefore remains liquid. Batter- shall gives the following analysis of both classes: — CONDENSED MILK WITH ADDITION OF SUGAR. Brand. 1 t -a (3 1 30.05 10.08 46.01 12.04 I 82 Anglo-Swiss (American), 29.46 8.11 50-41 10.22 1.80 Anglo-Swiss (English), . . . 27.80 8.24 51.07 10.80 2.09 Anglo-Swiss (Swiss) 25.51 8.51 53-27 10.71 2.00 Eagle, 27.30 6.60 44-47 10.77 1.86 Crown 29.44 9.27 49.26 10.11 1.92 CONDENSED MILK WITHOUT CANE-SUGAR. Brand. i i 1 1 1 American 52-07 15.06 16.97 14.26 2.80 56-71 14-13 13.98 13.18 Granulated Milk Company, . 55-43 13-16 14.84 14.04 2.53 Eagle, 56-01 14.02 14.06 13.90 2.01 Condenser (kon-den' -ser) \condensare, to make dense]. A lens or combination of lenses used in microscopy for gathering and concentrating rays of light. Condiment ( kon' -dim-ent) [condimentum, spice]. Spice, sauce, or other appetizing ingredients used with food. Condom, or Cundum (kon'-dum, or kun'-dum) [cor- ruption of Conton, the name of the inventor]. A sheath worn over the penis during copulation for the purpose of preventing conception. Conduction ikon-duk' -shuri) \conductio ; conducere, to draw together]. The passage or transfer of force or material from one part to another. C. -resistance, the resistance encountered by an electric current in passing through a circuit. Conductor {kon-duk'-tor) [conducere, to draw together]. I. A body that transmits force- vibrations, such as those of heat or electricity. A term applied to the elec- trodes and cords by which they are joined to the bat- tery. 2. An instrument serving as a guide for the surgeon's knife. Conduplicate {kon-du' -plik-at) [condupEcare, to double together]. In biology, doubled or folded together, as leaves or wings. Condurango Bank (kon-du-rang'-go bark) [native of S. Amer.]. Bark of Gonolobus fetra<;onus, or of Conglobus condurango ; a remedy much used in S. America as an alterative in syphilis. It was intro- duced into the U. S. as a remedy for carcinoma of the CONDY'S FLUID 317 CONICAL stomach, but yielded uncertain results. Dose of the fluid extract s; ss-j ; of the tincture, 3 j-ij . Unof . Condy's Fluid. One part of sodium or potassium per- manganate dissolved in 500 parts of water; it is a useful disinfectant. Condylar (kon' -dil-ar) \«.6v&v'ko^, a knuckle]. Pertain- ing to the condyles. Condylarthrosis (kon-dil-ar-thro' -sis) [/«Sv<5w/lof, a knuckle; apdpov, a joint]. A form of diarthrosis, wherein a condyle is set in a shallow and elliptic cavity, and free and varied movement of the joint is possible ; condylar articulation. Condyle (;4o«-'-ewv, hemlock]. Hemlock. The green, full-grown fruit of the spotted hemlock, C. maculatum. It contains three alkaloids and a volatile oil. Its properties are mainly due to the alkaloids coniin, CjHjjN, and methylconiin, CgHj^NCHj. It produces motor paralysis, without loss of sensation or of consciousness. Toxic doses cause death by paraly- sis of the organs of respiration. It is valuable in acute mania, delirium tremens, tetanus, blepharospasm, asth- ma, and whooping-cough. C, Abstract. , made from conium 200, dilute hydrochloric acid 6, sugar of milk and alcohol q. s. , to make 100 parts of abstract. Unof. Dose gr. ss-iij. C, cataplasma (B. P.), made from the leaves. For external use. C, Bxt., Alcoholic, each grain representing one grain of the drug. Dose gr. ij-v-xl. C, Fid. Ext., same strength as preceding. Dose n\,ij-v-xl. C, pilula Comp. (B. P.), contains extract of hemlock and ipecac. Dose gr. v-x. C, succus (B. P.), made from the leaves. Dose Tr\,xxx- gij. C, Tinct., 15 per cent, strength. Dose n\,x- 3J. C. Vapor (B. P.), for inhalations. Coniin, unof, volatile alkaloid of conium. Dose gr. 515— i\f Coniin Hydrobrom., QHj(C3H,), unof., recom- mended for spasmodic affections. Dose gr. Tpj-TTS- All preparations uncertain in strength. Coniin. Hydrobrom., Injectio Hypoderm. Dose Tty-iij. Conjugal [kon' -ju-gal ) \conjugalis, a husband or wife]. Pertaining to marriage ; connubial. C. Diabetes, diabetes affecting husband and wife together ; this is said to be not infrequently observed. Conjugate {kon' -ju-gdt) \_con, together; jugare, to yoke]. Yoked or coupled. C. Deviation. See Deviation. C. Diagonal, Internal, an internal measurement of the pelvis from the middle of the sub-pubic ligament to the sacro-vertebral angle. It is 12^ cm. C. Diameter (of the pelvis), the antero- posterior or sacro-pubic. See Diameter. C. Diameter (of the pelvis), external. See Baudelocque, Diameter of. C. Focus. See Focus. C.-symphyseal Angle, the angle that the conjugate diameter of the pelvis makes with the pubic bone at the symphysis. C, True, the minimum useful diameter of the pelvic inlet. See Diameter. Conjugation {kon-ju-ga' -shon) [conjugates, joined to- gether]. In biology, that form of sexual reproduc- tion in which two cells, similar in size and appearance, unite to form a spore. The sexual character of con- jugation was first pointed out by Vaucher, in 1803. Conjunctiva {kon-junk-ti' -vaK) [conjunctivus , connect- ing]. The mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the globe of the eye, reflected on and ex- tending to the free edges of the lids. Its parts are called palpebral and ocular, or bulbar. Conjunctival {kon-junk' -tiv-al, or kon-junk-ti' -val) [conjunclivus , connecting]. Relating to the con- junctiva. Conjunctivitis {kon-junk-tiv-i' -tu) [conjunclivus, con- necting; LTig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the conjunctiva. It may be catarrhal, croupous, diphtheric (or membranous), gonorrheal, phlyctenular, puru- lent, etc., in character or origin. C, Atropin, a peculiar idiosyncratic catarrh of the conjunctiva pro- duced by prolonged use of atropin as a mydriatic, and characterized by the formation of numerous folli- cles. C. crouposa, a form associated with the form- ation of a whitish-gray membrane that is easily re- moved. C. diphtheritica, a speci6c purulent inflam- mation of the conjunctiva spreading by infection, yielding a contagious secretion, and leading to necro- sis of the infiltrated tissue. C. eczematosa. See C. lymphatica. C, Egyptian, See Trachoma. C. exanthematica. %e.&C. lymphatica. C. foUicularis, a form characterized by the presence of follicles. C, Granular. See Trachoma. C. lymphatica, that occurring in scrofulous individuals. It is accom- panied by the formation of ulcers. C. membranacea. See C. crouposa and Ophthalmia. C. phlyctenulosa. ?>ee C. lymphatica. C.pustulosa. ?iee C. lymphatica. C. scrofuiosa. See C. tymphatica. Connate {kon' -at') . See Confluent and Congenital. Connection {kon-ek' -shun) [connectere, to connect]. Sexual intercourse. Connective {kon-ek'-tiv) [connectere, to connect]. I. Connecting ; binding. 2. In botany, the portion of . the filament that connects the two cells of an anther. C. Tissue. See Animal Tissue. Connivent {kon-i' -vent) [connivere, to wink at]. In botany converging toward each other ; applied to stamens that converge above, as those of the violet. Conocephalic, or Conocephalous {ko-no-sef-al'-ik, ko-no-sef -al-us) [Kovof, cone; KEfaXy, head]. Having the skull somewhat conoidal. Conoid, or Conoidal {ko'-noid, or ko-noi'-dal) [icuvof, cone; cWof, shape]. Of a conical or approximately conical shape. C. Ligament, the lower and inner part of the coraco-clavicular ligament. C. Tubercle, the eminence on the inferior surface of the clavicle to which the C. ligament is attached. Conquassant {kon-kwas' -ant) [conquassare , to shake severely]. Very severe (applied chiefly to labor-pains at the acme of their intensity) . Q,on.^as.'S,sa.1\on{kon-kioas-a'-shun). See Concassation. Conquinamin \kon-kwin' -am-hi). An alkaloid of Cuprea bark. Conrad's Water. An eye-wash composed of three parts of mercuric chlorid, 100 of distilled water, and five to ten of tinctura opii crocata. Conroy's Test. See Tests, Table of. Consanescent {kon-san-es' -ent) [consanescere, to be- come sound]; Healing, becoming healed (applied mostly to wounds). Consanguine {kon-san' -gwin) [consanguineus, of the same blood]. Allied by birth or descent; akin by blood-relationship. Consanguineous {kon-san-gwin'-e-us) [consanguineus, of the same blood] . Related by a common parentage. Consanguinity {kon-san-giuin' -it-e) [con, together; sanguinis, of blood]. The relationship arising from common parentage ; blood-relationship. Consciousness {kon' -shus-nes) [conscius, knowing]. The state of being aware of one's own existence, of one's own mental states, and of the impressions made upon one's senses ; ability to take cognizance of sensa- tions ; applied to ab extj-a impressions. C, Double, that morbid condition in which there are two separate vii*;^ CONSENESCENCE 319 CONTAGIOUS and alternating states of mental consciousness, in either one of which the events that have occurred in the other state are not remembered by the patient. Consenescence (kon-sen-es' -ens) \consenescere ,Xo ^o^ old]. The state or condition of growing old. Consensual (kon-sen' -sit-al) [consensus, agreement]. Reflex and involving sensation, but not volition ; as a consensual act or movement. Consent {kon-sent') [consentire, to agree] . In forensic medicine, this term signifies willing participation in unnatural or illegal intercourse. In pathology, a sym- pathetic affection of a part distant from a diseased part. Consentience (kon-sen' -she-ens) \consentire , to agree]. Undeveloped or nnintellectual consciousness ; the sum or result of the impressions made by sensations upon the psychic center of the organism. Conserva, or Conserve (kon-ser'-vah, or con-serv') [conservare, to keep]. A confection, g. v. Conservancy (kon-ser'-van-se) [conservare, to keep]. Public conservation of health or of things that make for health ; the sum of hygienic or preservative legis- lation. C. System. See Sewage, Disposal of. Conservative {kon-ser'-vat-iv) [conservare, to keep]. Aiming at the preservation and restoration of injured parts ; as conservative surgery or dentistry. Conservator (ion^-ser-va-tor) [conservare, to preserve^. A person appointed to look after the business interests and general welfare of an insane person or idiot. Consolidant, Consolidating [kon-soV -id-ant, or kon- sol' -id-a-ting) [consolidare , to make firm]. Tending to heal or promoting the healing of wounds or frac- tures ; favoring cicatrization. Consolidation (kon-sol-id-a' -shun) [consolidare, to make firm]. The process of becoming firm or solid, as a lung in pneumonia. Consonants (kon' -so-nants) [con, together ; sonare, to sound]. Non-vowel sounds in speaking produced at certain parts of the resonance-chamber. They are sounded only with a vowel. They consist of Explo- sives, Aspirates, Vibratives, and Resonants ; they are also divided into four classes, according to the situation in which they are produced — the Articulation Posi- tions, — the first baing between the lips ; the second between the tongue and hard palate ; the third be- tween the tongue and soft palate ; the fourth between the vocal bands. Labials, made at the lips, may be explosive {b,p), aspirate (/, v, w), vibrative (the " burr "), and resonant {m). These form the conso- nants of the first articulation position. Those of the second position are the explosives t and d; the aspi- rates s,e,sch,th; the vibrative r; the resonant n. Those of the third position are the explosives k and g; the aspirates are the unvoiced consonants, unvoiced ch and/; the vibrative, palatal r; the resonant, pala- tal n. That of the fourth position is the aspirate, the glottis-formed h. Constant {kon' -slant ) [constans, steady] . Fixed ; not changing. C. Battery, Element, or Cell. One yielding a constant current. A galvanic battery, of which the most common types are those of Bunsen, Callaud, Daniell, Gr6n^t,Grove, Leclanch^, and Smee. Consternatio (kon-ster-na' -she-o) [L.]. See Night- Terrors. Constipation (kon-stip-a'-shun) [constipare, to crush tightly together] . Costiveness ; retention and hard- ness of the feces from functional inactivity of the intes- tinal canal, or from abnormalism of the biliary or other secretions. It may also be due to mechanical obstruction of the intestinal canal, paresis of the intes- tinal walls, the use of certain foods, and general de- pression of vital activity. Constituent {kon-stit' -u-ent) [constituere, to establish]. A formative element or ingredient. The Constitu- ents of the Organism are organic and inorganic. The Inorganic C. are Water, forming 58.5 pet cent, of the body ; Gases, such as oxygen, marsh-gas, etc. ; Salts, of which the chief are sodium chlorid, calcium phosphate (forming more than one-half of the bones), sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium and potassium sulphates, potassium chlorid, calcium fluorid and carbonate ; Free Acids, as hydrochloric, sulphuric, etc. ; Bases, such as silicon, manganese, iron. The Organic C. comprise the large classes of the proteids, albuminoids, fats, etc. Constitution (kon-stit-u' -shun) [constituere, to dis- pose] . In chemistry, the atomic or molecular com- position of a body. In pharmacy, the composition of a substance. In physiology, the general temperament and functional condition of the body. Constitutional (kon-stit-u' -shun-al) [constituere, to dispose]. Pertaining to the state of the constitution. C. Diseases, in pathology, such diseases as are inhe- rent, owing to an abnormal structure of the body. Also, inherited diseases. Also, a condition in which the disease pervades the whole system. General, in contradistinction to local. Constrictor (kon-strik' -tor) [constringere, to bind to- gether]. Any muscle that contracts or tightens any part of the body. See Muscles, Table of. Constringent (kon-strin' -jent) [constringere, to con- strict] . Same as Astringent, q. v. . Consultation [kon-sul-ta' -shun) [consultare, to take counsel]. A deliberation between two or more phy- sicians concerning the diagnosis of the disease of a patient and the proper method of treatment. Consumption (kon-sump' -shun) [consumere , to con- sume or wear away]. Wasting, denutrition, or atrophy, loosely used as a synonym of Tuberculosis, especially pulmonary tuberculosis. Phthisis, q. v. C. of the Bowels. See Diarrhea, Chronic Inflammatory. Consumptive {kon-sump' -ti-v) [constimere, to consume or wear away], i. Of the nature of tuberculosis. 2. One afflicted with pulmonary tuberculosis. Contact {kon'-takt) [contactus, a touching]. A touch- ing. C. Lenses, in optics, a glass shell the con- cavity of which is in contact with the globe of the eye, a layer of liquid being interposed between the lens and the cornea. C. Series, a series of metals arranged in such an order that each becomes positively electrified by contact with the one that follows it. The contact-values of some metals, according to Ary- ton and Perry, are as follows : — DIFFERENCE OF POTENTIAL IN VOLTS. Zinc, Lead . . .210 Iron, Copper 146 Lead, Tin . 0.69 Copper, Platinum . .238 Tin, Iron 3.13 Platinum, Carbon . .113 C. Test, Heller's test. See Tests, Table of. Contactile, or Contactual {kon-tak' -til, or kon-tak'- tu-al) [contacttis, contact]. 1. Tactile. 2. Due to or spreading by actual contact. Contagion {kon-ta' -jun) [contagio ; contingere, to touch]. The process by which a specific disease is communicated between persons, either by direct con- tact or by means of an intermediate agent. (See, also. Infection.) Also the specific germ of virus from which a communicable disease develops. C, Mental. See Imitation. Contagionist {kon-ta' -jun-ist) [contagio; contingere, to touch]. One who believes in the contagious origin or transmission of any given disease. Contagious {kon-ta' -jus) [contagium, a touching]. Communicable or transmissible by contagion, or by a specific contagium. Infectious — applied to a CONTAGIUM 320 CONTROL disease engendered by a specific agency, which, once present, may multiply and renew itself in- definitely, and which always gives rise to the same disease, (a) Miasmatic — applied to an infectious dis- ease of which the specific cause exists only in certain localities,^. ^. , malaria, pneumonia, acute rheumatism, (b) Contagious — applied to a disease of which the cause is transmitted from person to person, through houses, vill^es, cities, and countries, e.g., variola, morbilli, scarlatina, diphtheria, etc. (c) Miasmatic- contagious — applied to an infectious disease of which the specific cause is carried by persons, or their emanations, to a locality, and in the soil, water or houses of which it multiplies and thence generates the disease, e.g., cholera, enteric fever, yellow fever. C. Typhus. Synonym of Typhus Fever, q. v. Contagium [kon-ta' -je-um) [L.]. Any virus or mor- bific matter by means of which a communicable dis- ease is transmitted from the sick to the well. C. ani- matum, same as C. vivum. C. vivum ("living contagium"), any living vegetable or animal organism that causes the spread of an infectious disease. Contest (kon'-test) \_contestari, to call to witness]. To dispute ; to strive for. C. Theory, the doctrine of chemiotaxis. Contiguity (kon-tig-u' -ii-e) [contiguitas, a touching]. Proximity. C, Amputation In the, is performed at a joint, without section of a bone. Continued (kon-tin' -ud) \continuare, to make continu- ous]. Persisted in. C. Fever, a fever that is neither intermittent nor typically remittent. See Fever. Continuity (kon-tin-u' -it-e) [continuitas, uninterrupted- ness]. In anatomy, the portion lying between two ends, as the shaft of a bone. ,C., Solution of. See Solution. C, Amputation in the, amputation in which a bone is divided. Continuous ikon-tin' -u-tts) \continuus, joined ; uninter- rupted] . Unbroken. C. -gum Work, a method of constructing artificial dentures. Contortion [kon-tor'-shun) [coniorquere, to twist]. A twisting or writhing, as of the body. Contour {kon-toor') [Ft., contour, circuit], i. The line that bounds, defines, or terminates a figure. 2. In operative dentistry, to effect the restoration of lost parts of teeth by building them up with gold, etc. C- feather-hair, one of those outer and longer hairs or feathers that go to determine the contour of a bird or mammal, as distinguished from a soft down-feather or a hair of the under-fur. C.-fiUings, in dentistry fillings in which the material is so built out as to restore the lost portion of the crown of the tooth ; distinguished from plane or flush-fillings. Contracted Heels. See Hoofbound. ContieiCtiUxy (ion-trak-tiy-it-e) [contrahere, to draw together]. The peculiar property of muscular tissue manifested by shortening and concomitant thicken- ing. Contraction [kon-trak'-shun) \contrahere, to draw to- gether] . Approximation of the elements of a tissue or organ, thus diminishing its volume or contents. C, Carpo-pedal, a variety of tetany occurring in infants, and generally associated with dentition or seat-worms. There is a flexing of the fingers, toes, elbows, and knees, and a general tendency to convulsions. C, Closing, muscular contractions produced at the instant that the electric current is closed. C, Front- tap, Gowers' term for a phenomenon often observed in cases with exaggerated knee-jerk. It is a delicate test of increased spinal irritability. The foot is placed at a right angle to the leg, and the muscles of the front of the leg are tapped, the result being extension of the foot from contraction pf the gastrocnemius. See Re- flexes, Table of. C.-furrows, a number of concentric curved lines near the ciliary margin of the iris. They are produced in the living iris by a folding of the iris upon itself during dilatation of the pupil. C, Hour- Glass. See Uterus. C, Opening, the muscular contraction produced by opening or breaking the cir- cuit. C, Paradoxic, Westphal's term for a phe- nomenon that consists in the contraction of a muscle, caused by the passive approximation of its extremities. C. -remainder, the stage of elastic after-vibration or residual contraction persisting in a muscle after with- drawal of the stimulus. C.-ring, the boundary line between the upper and lower uterine segments, often marked by a perceptible ridge. That portion of the uter- ine canal that must be dilated to allow the escape of the fetus is called the lower uterine segment ; that portion above the point at which the dilatation ceases, i. e., the contracting portion of the muscle, is called the upper uterine segment. Contractions. See Contracture and also Abbreviations, in Introductory Tables. Contracture [kon-trak' -chur) [contractus, a drawing to- gether]. Contraction; permanent shortening, as of a muscle ; distortion or deformity due to the shortening of a muscle or of various muscles. In electro-thera- peutics, muscular spasms, clonic or tonic, the variety determined in regard to time, by the method of appli- cation of the current. Contra-extensio (kon-trah-ek-sten' -se-o^]^.^ Counter- extension. Contra-fissura [kon'-trah-fls-su'-rak) [contra, opposite to ; flssura, a fissure] . Cranial fissure or fracture pro- duced by a blow upon the skull at a point distant from or opposite to the seat of the fracture. Contra-indicant {kon-trak-in' -dik-ant") [contra, op- posed to ; mo'zVare, to indicate]. I. Having the effect of a contra- indication. 2. A symptom, indication, or condition that forbids the use of a particular remedial measure or set of measures. Contra-indication (kon-trah-in-dik-a' -shuri^ [contra, against; indicare, to point out]. That pathologic or modifying condition in which a remedy or a method of treatment is forbidden that under ordinary cases might be proper. Contra-stimulant {kon-trah-stim' -u-lani) [contra, against; j/2>«»/a;'^, to stimulate]. I. Counteracting the effect of -a. stimulus ; depressing ; sedative. 2. A sedative remedy. Contra-stimulism (kon-trah-stim' -u-lizni) [contra, against ; stimulare, to stimulate] . The doctrine of contrastrimulus ; Rasorianism. Contra-stimulus, or Contro-stimulus(/4o»-^a/i-rf2OT'- u-lus, or kon-tro-stim' ■u-lus)[contra, against ; stimulus, a stimulus] . An influence that is opposed, or acts in opposition, to a stimulus. Contrayerva (kon-trah-yer'-vah) [contra, against; herba, an herb]. The root of Dorstenia contrayerva, a stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic. Its decoction is mucilaginous, and is serviceable in low fevers and malignant eruptive diseases. Dose g ss. Unof. Contrecoup (kon'-tr-koo) [Fr.]. Counter-stroke, a variety of injury by indirect violence, as by a blow on a remote part. See Contra-fissura. Contrectation (kon-trek-ta'-shun) [contrectatio ; contrec- tare, to touch]. Digital examination; palpation; touch ; manipulation, as in massage. Control (kon-trol') [contra, against '; rotula, a roll]. An experiment performed to test the correctness of the results of another experiment ; a standard by which to check observations and insure the validity of their results. Also, a synonym for Control Animal. C. Animal, See C. Experiment. C. Experiment, an CONTUSION 331 COOPER'S ARSENIOUS OINTMENT experiment carried otit under normal or common cir- cumstances or conditions, to serve as a standard where- by to test the variation or value of another experi- ment carried out under peculiar or abnormal circum- stances. For instance, an animal is rendered immune by inoculation with some anti-specific agent. Such an animal is called the Immune Animal. Another animal, not having been previously rendered immune, is called the Control Animal. Both animals are then exposed to the action of, or are inoculated with, the specific virus in question, and the relative differences in the reaction of the two animals to the last inocula- tion or exposure constitute the conclusions of the experiment. Contusion [kon-tu' -zhun) \contusio ; contundere, to bruise] . A bruise or injury by a blunt weapon, or by collision, without breaking the skin or covering, C- pneumonia, a form of pneumonia following trauma- tism. It is of frequent occurrence. Conus (ko'-nus) \jumoc,, a cone: pi., Cont]. A cres- centic patch of atrophic choroid tissue near the optic papilla in myopia. C. arteriosus, the conoid eminence of the right ventricle of the heart, whence arises the pul- monary artery. C. meduUaris, the cone-like termina- tion of the spinal cord, continuous as the filum ter- minate. Coni vasculosi, a series of conical masses that together form the globus major of the epididymis. Convalescence {kan-val-es' -ens) \convalescere, to be- come well]. A term applied to the restoration to health after the subsidence of a disease or ailment. Convalescent [kon-val-es'-ent ) [convalescere, to be- come well]. I. One recovering from a sickness. 2. Recovering from sickness. Convallamarin {kon-val-am' -ar-in) [convallis, a valley; amarus, bitter], C^jH^jOj,. A bitter, crystal- line whitish powder ; a glucosid derived from Conval- laria. It is a rather active poison. See Convallaria majalis. Convallaria ikon-val-a' -re-aK) [convallis, a valley]. A genus of liliaceous plants. C. majalis,- Lily of the Valley. All parts of the plant are used in medicine. Its properties are due to convallarin , CjjHgjOj,, and convallamarin, C23H^O,2, glucosids. It is a prompt cathartic, diuretic, and cardiac stimulant, valuable as a heart-tonic. Unlike digitalis, it has no cumulative effect. C, Ext., soluble, in water. Dose gr. ij-x. C, Ext., Fid., alcoholic. Dose tTLij-xj. C. infusum, prepared with three times its weight of water. Dose ^ss-ij. Convallamarin, or Convallamarinum, is soluble in water. Dose gr. j^-ij. All unof. Convallarin {kon-val' -ar-irC) \convallis, a valley], Cj^HbjOi,. a purging, crystalline glucosid derived from Convallaria. Convallarrhetin (kon-val-ar-e' -tin) [^convallis, a valley ; pTirivi), resin], CjgHjjOg. A poisonous resiniform sub- stance obtainable from convallarin upon the separation of glucose from the latter. Convection [kon-vek'-shun] [convehere, to carry to- gether]. A transmission or carrying, as of heat or electricity. C. -current, a current of a liquid or gas heated to a temperature above that of the surrounding medium ; it rises to the surface because of its lighter density, and thus the entire fluid or gas acquires the same temperature. Convergence (kon-ver' -jens) [convergere, to tend to ^ center]. Inclination or a direction toward a common point, center, or focus, as, e.g., of the axes of vision upon the near-point. C.-theory, a theory that ac- counts for the production of myopia by the pressure exerted by the external ocular muscles upon the eye- ball in convergence, this pressure leading to distention of the eyeball. 21 Convergent {kon-ver' -Jent) \_con, together; vergere, tc» incline]. In biology, coming together. Tending tO' a common center. C. Strabismus. See Strabismus.. Convex (kon-veks') \convexus ,\i.\A\.e.&\. Roupded, as a swelling of a round or spheric form on the external surface ; gibbous ; opposed to concave. Convexity (kon-veks' -it-e) \convexus, convex]. A surface rounding outward ; the quality of being con- vex. Convexo-concave and Convexo-convex (kon-veks'- o-kon-kav, kon-veks' -o-kon-veks). See Lens. Convolute (kon' -vo-lut) or Convoluted (kon' -vo-lu- ted) \convolutus, rolled together]. Rolled together- C. Bones. See Turbinated Bones. Convolution (kon-vo-lu' -shun) \convolvere, to roll to- gether] . A folding and turning upon itself of any organ, as the cerebrum and the small intestines ; any gyrus of the brain. A Table of the Convolutions of the Cerebrum is added. (See page 323.) Convolvulin (kon-vol' -vu-lin) \convolvere, to roll to- gether], CjjHj^Oij. A glucosid derived from the roots of Jalap [Convolvulus purga). It is a gummy mass, with active purgative properties. Convolvulus (kon-vol' -vu-lus) [convolvers, to roll to- gether]. A genus of plants. C. panduratus, wild potato. The tuber is a mild cathartic. Dose gr. xl. Unof. C. purga. See Jalap. C. scammonia. Scammony. Convulsant (kon-vul' -sant) \convellere, convulsum, to pull together]. A medicine that causes convulsions. Convulsion (kon-vul' -shun) [convellere, to convulse] - A general paroxysm of involuntary muscular contrac- tion, whether tonic or (more especially) clonic. Loss of consciousness and voluntary control of the muscles, with clonic, tonic, or mixed contraction, etc. It may be due to epilepsy, other functional or or- ganic disease of the brain, circulation, etc. ; or may be cataleptic, hysteric, choreic, etc. See, also. Epilepsy. C, Infantile, due to a number of causes, such as rickets, exhaustion, etc. ; sometimes called " screaming fits. " C, Puerperal. Ste Eclampsia. C, Salaam, Eclampsia nutans, q.v. C, Uremic, due to the altered state of the blood in disease of the kidney. Convulsionary (kon-vul' -shun-a-re) [convellere, to con- vulse]. One who is subject to convulsions ; especially one of a set of patients who are subject to epidemic or imitative convulsions. Convulsivant (con-vul' -siv-ant) [convellere, to con- vulse]. An agent that causes convulsions. Convulsive (kon-vul' -siv) [convellere, to convulsej.. Marked by convulsions or spasms. C. Cerebral Typhus. See DubinVs Disease. C. Cough. See Cynobex hebetis. C. Tic. See Habit-Spasm. C. Tremor. See Paramyoclonus. Conydrin (ko-ni' -drin) . See Conhydrin. Cook's (Alleyer) Hematoxylin Solution. A solu- tion for staining microscopic sections. Extract of log- wood 6 gm. , alum 6 gm. , cupric sulphate I gm. , and water, 40 c. c. are rubbed up into a paste in a mortar. This is allowed to stand for two days, and then filtered, and a crystal of thymol is added to the filtrate for preserving. See Stains, Table of. Cooper's (Sir Astley) Arsenious Ointment. An oint- ment composed of arsenious acid and sulphur, each one part, spermaceti cerate, eight parts. It has been used as a local application in skin-affections. C. Fascia. ?i&e Scarpa^ s Fascia. C. Hernia. See Hernia, audi Diseases, Table of. C. Irritable Breast. Synonym of Mastodynia. C. Irritable Testicle. Synonym of Orchialgia. C. Ligaments. See Ligaments. C. Method. See Treatment, Methods of. C. Operations. CONVOLUTIONS 322 COPIOPIA Convolutions of the Superior Aspect or Convexity of the Cerebrum. I. Fissure of Rolando. 2,2. Ascending frontal convolution. 3,3. As- cending and superior parietal convolutions. 4, 4. First frontal con- volution. 5, 5. Second frontal. 6, 6. Third frontal. 7, 7. First occi- pital. 8, 8. Second occipital. 9, 9. Third occipital. 10. Anterior extremity of corpus callosum. u, 11. Posterior extremity. Convolutions of the Inferior Aspect of the Cerebrum. I. Anterior extremity of corpus callo>ium. 2. Optic chiasm. 3. Tuber cinereum and infundibulum. 4. Corpora albicantia or mammillaria. 5. Pons varolii. 6. Third nerve. 7. Aqueduct of Sylvius. 8. Testes. 10. Inferior surface of frontal lobe. 11. Convolution of the fissure of See Operations, Table of. C. Ventilator. See Ventilation. Coopers' Knee. An enlarged bursa patellae found in coopers, as the result of pressure exerted by the knee against the barrel. Coordination {ko-or-din-a'-shun) \con, to- gether; ordinare, to regulate]. The har- monious activity and proper sequence of operation of the various organs of the body, especially of those parts that cooperate in the performance of any function. Copaiba (ko-pa'-e-bah) [Sp.]. Balsam of Copaiba. The oleoresin of Copaifera offi- cinalis, C. coriacea, C. guianensis, C. multi- juga, C. cordifolia, C. laxa, C. nitida, C. oblongifolia, and C. langsdorffii ; legumin- ous trees, native to South America. It is a stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic, and an ex- pectorant, and is much used in gonorrhea, although now considered of doubtful value. C, Massa, copaiba 94, magnesia 6 parts. Dose nv,x-3J. C, Mist. Comp., Lafay- ette's mixture, unof. , copaiba gvij, oil cubebs 3 j, glyceriti vitelli g vij ; triturate and add syr. aq. menth. piperit. ^ iiss; then add, with constant stirring, liq. potass. ^ ss, tinct. cardamon comp. 3 ij , spt. aether, nitrosi, § ss, aq. menth. piperit. q.s. to make § viij. Dose gj-gss. C, 01. Dose Tt\,x-xv. C, Re- sina, mainly copaibic acid. Dose gr. j-v. Copal [ko'-pal) [Mex. , copalli, resins]. Anime. These terms include a number of related resins that are of both fossil and recent origin. The copal resins, when of good quality, are too hard to be scratched by the nail, have a conchoid fracture, and a specific gravity ranging from 1.059 '° 1.080. Unlike others, they are soluble with difficulty in alcohol and essential oils, and are, therefore, valuable for making var- nishes. The softer kinds are called anime. Copalche iko-pal'-che) [Mex.]. The bark of Croton niveus and other trees of tropical America. The term is a vague one, and is little used in medical literature. Copalin, Copalm [ko' -pal-in, ko'-palm) [Mex., copalli, resins]. The sweet-gum tree, Liquidambar styraciflua ; also the resin that in warm latitudes exudes from it, the so-called Highgate resin. Copeman's Method. A method of over- coming the nausea and vomiting of preg- nancy. It consists in digital dilatation of the cervix uteri to a slight degree, not sufficient to induce abortion. Copernicia cerifera {ko-per-nish'-e-ah ser- if^-er-aJi). See Caivtauba. Cophosis [ko-fo'-sis) \_Ku^6i, deaf]. Deaf- ness or dulness of hearing. Copiopia [kop-i-o'-pe-ah) [/C(i7rof, a straining; bipj eye] . Eye-strain ; weariness of the eyes. C. hysterica, a term applied to those symptoms that indicate hyperesthesia of the fifth and optic nerves. Sylvius. 12. Olfactory nerve. 13. Third convolu- tion of inferior surface of frontal lobe. 14. Fourth convolution. 15. Third convolution of external surface of frontal lobe. 16. External border of posterior lobe. 17. Sphenoidal extremity. 18. Oc- cipital extremity. 19. Hippocampal convolution. 20. External convolution of posterior lobe. 21. Middle convolution. 22. Internal convolution. 23. Gyrus fornicatus. CONVOLUTIONS 323 CONVOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM. Name. Location. Boundaries. Abrupt. Small convolutions at the extremity of the occipi- tal lobe. Angular. Posterior portion of inferior parietal lobule. Anteriorly, continuous with the supra- marginal convolution. Inferiorly, continuous with the middle temporo- sphenoidal convolution. Posteriorly, connected with the occipital lobe by the annectant convolutions. Annectant (4). Occipital lobe. Connect the occipital with the tem- poro-sphenoidal and parietal lobes. Annectant, external. See Annectant, first. Annectant, first. Occipital lobe ; a portion of the superior occipital convolution. Joins the superior occipital convolu- tion with the superior parietal lobe. Annectant, second. Occipital lobe, posterior part. Connects the angular and middle con- volutions. Annectant, superior. See Paroccipital. Antero-parietal. See Frontal, ascending. Antero-temporal. See Temporal, first. Antorbital. Frontal lobe (of orang-outang), orbital surface. Internally, olfactory lobe. Arcuate. See Uncinate. Of Arnold. See Posterior, inferior. Basilar, internal. Frontal lobe (orbital face) ; probably the rectus convolution, q. v. Basirrhinal. Temporal lobe, near tip. Hippocampal and amygdaline fissures. Breves. The larger number of the insular convolutions, as distinguished from the long insular. Bridging. See Annectant. Broca's. The inferior or third frontal convolution, q. v. Callosal. See Fornicate. Calloso-marginal. See Fornicate. Central, anterior. See Frontal, ascending. Central, posterior. See Parietal, ascending. Choroid, anterior. In the embryo, the convexity of the parietes of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. Choroid, inferior. See Choroid, posterior. Choroid, posterior. In the embryo, a convexity posterior to the ante- rior choroid convolution in the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. Choroid, superior. See Choroid, anterior. Of the corpus callosum. See Fornicate. Cruciate. See Orbital convolutions. Cuneate. Occipital lobe, median aspect of cerebrum; wedge-shaped. Above, parieto-occipital fissure. Be- low, calcarine fissure. Cuneiform. See Abrupt. Dentate. In the dentate fissure ; rudimentary in man. Above, the taenia hippocampi ; termi- nates in the notch of the uncinate gyrus. Descending. Occipital lobe. Anteriorly, post-calcarine fissure. Divisus. See Frontal, ascending. D'ourlet. See Fornicate. External (4). Convexity of each cerebral hemisphere (of dog). CONVOLUTIONS 324 CONVOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM.— Co»/';»«^fl'. Name. Location. Boundaries. Fornicate. Median surface of cerebrum, immediately above the corpus callosum. Above, calloso-marginal fissure. In. temally, great longitudinal fissure. Below, corpus callosum. Frontal. See Frontal^ ascending;. Frontal, ascending. Frontal lobe. Above and below, generally continuous with the ascending parietal convolu- tion. Posteriorly, fissure of Rolando. Anteriorly, precentral and supercen- tral fissures. Frontal, first. See Frontal, superior. Frontal, inferior. Frontal lobe, lower and outer portion. U-shaped convolution ; forms an essential part of Broca's speech-center. Above, subfrontal fissure. Posterior^, the ascending frontal convolution. Anteriorly, becomes the posterior orbital convolution. F'rontal, lower. See Frontal, inferior. Frontal, middle. See Frontal, second. Frontal, second. Frontal lobe between the superior and inferior frontal convolutions. Posteriorly, continuous with the as- cending frontal convolution. Ante- riorly, continuous with the middle orbital convolution. Above, super- frontal fissure. Below, subfrontal fissure. Frontal, straight. See Rectus. Frontal, superior. Frontal lobe. Posteriorly, continuous with ascend- ing frontal c. Anteriorly, continuous with the internal orbital. Its mesal surface is called the marginal c. Be- low, the superfrontal fissure. Frontal, third. See Frontal, inferior. Frontal, transverse. See Frontal, ascending. Frontal, upper. See Frontal, superior. Fronto-marginal. Frontal lobe of cerebrum, median aspect. Above, fronto-marginal fissure. Below, supercallosal fissure. Fronto-parietal, middle. See Frontal, superior. Fusiform. See Subcollateral. Geniculate. " Passes from the anterior extremity of the forni- cate convolution over the upper surface of the callosum, becoming the medial and lateral striae Lancisi." Glossiform. See Subcalcarine. Hippocampal. Extends from the splenium, dipping behind and below the callosum, and continuing forward to the uncinate convolution. The hippocampal and collateral fis- sures. Anteriorly, the uncinate con- volution. Posteriorly, the splenium. Infero-frontal. See Subfrontal. Inflected. A V-shaped convolution about the inflected fis- sure. Infra-marginal. Temporo-sphenoidal lobe, the superior convolu- tion. Above, the Sylvian fissure. Below, the super-temporal or parallel fissure. Insular. One of a group of small convolutions that form the island of Reil. Insular, long. A portion of the insula ; recognized by its length and horizontal direction. Intercentral. The convolution between the two parallel central fissures, in the rare cases in which two co-exist. The parallel central fissures. Internal. See Fornicate. Lingual. See Subcalcarine. Longitudinal, superior internal. See Fornicate. Marginal. Frontal lobe. Internally, longitudinal fissure. Infe- riorly, the calloso-marginal fissure. Posteriorly, the callosiJ-marginal fis- sure and fissure of Rolando. CONVOLUTIONS 325 CONVOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM.— G>«/z«a^^. Name. Location. , EOUNDAKIES. Marginal, external. See Fornicate. Marginal, inferior. See Supertemporal. Marginal, internal. The lamina of the septum lucidum and dentate convolution. Above and externally, by the fornicate convolution. Medifrontal. See Frontal^ second. Medio-parietal, transverse. See Parietal^ ascending. Meditemporal. Middle of temporal lobe ; a small horizontal con- volution. Above, the supertemporal fissure. Be- low, meditemporal fissurel Posteri- orly, continuous with the angular convolution. Mendel's. See Opercular. Nuclear; also called Rauber's con- volution. A fold of gray matter in the olivary body. Occipital, Aith. Occipital lobe (of gorilla) Corresponds to the lingual convolution of man. Occipital, first. See Occipital, superior. Occipital, fourth. Occipital lobe (of gorilla). Corresponds to the fusiform of man. Occipital, inferior. Occipital lobe. Above, middle occipital fissure. Below, inferior occipital fissure. Anteriorly, continuous with middle temporo- sphenoidal convolution. Occipital, lower. See Occipital, inferior. Occipital, middle. Occipital lobe, between the first and third occi- pital convolutions. Superiorly, transverse occipital fis- sure. Jnferiorly, inferior longitudi- nal and occipital fissures. Internally, the median longitudinal fissure. Ex- ternally or anteriorly, it runs into the angular gyrus. Occipital, second. See Occipital, middle. Occipital, superior. Occipital lobe, superior surface, upper convolu- tion. Connected with the superior parietal by the annectant gyrus. Occipital, third. See Occipital, inferior. Occipital, upper. See Occipital, superior. Occipito-temporal . Lower surface of temporo-sphenoidal lobe. Occipito-temporal, inferior. See Subcollateral. Occipito-temporal, lateral. See Subcollateral. Occipito-temporal, middle. See Subcalcarine. Occipito-temporal, superior. See Subcalcarine. Olfactory. Arises in the anterior perforated space, passing forward in the olfactory sulcus, and ending in the olfactory bulb. Olfactory, external. The lateral root of the olfactory tract. Internally, the olfactory groove. Olfactory, internal. Frontal lobe ; the ridge along the inner side of the olfactory groove. The internal root of the ol- factory tract. Opercular ; also called MendeVs con- volution. Frontal lobe. Enters into the operculum. Of the operculum. See Breves. Orbital. Frontal lobe ; small convolutions on the orbital surface. Orbital, anterior. Frontal lobe. Continuous with the middle frontal convolution. Posteriorly, orbital sul- cus. Orbital, external. See Frontal, inferior. Orbital, internal. Frontal lobe. Internally, the rectus convolution. CONVOLUTIONS 326 CONVOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONVOLUTIONS OR GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM.— Co»rt»««a^, a crow; pectus, the breast]. The pectoralis minor muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Coral {kor'-al) [nopaXktov, coral]. The hard sub- stance secreted by marine polyps. C. Calculus, a peculiar dendritic form of calculus found in the pelvis of the kidney, and forming a complete mold of the infundibula and calices. Coral Root (kor'-al root). Crawley. The root of Corallorhiza odontorhiza, a prompt and powerful diaphoretic that is used in fevers. Dose gr. xxx. C, Fid., Ext. Dose n^xv-xxx. Unof. Coralliform {kor-al' -if-orm) [corallum, coral ; forma, shape]. In biology, resembling coral. Corallin {kor'-al-in) \corallinus, coral-red]. A color- ing-matter derived from rosolic acid and alcoholic am- monia. It is used for dyeing red, and is noteworthy as being a cause of local and general poisoning, and it is liable to lead to cutaneous and constitutional affections in those who wear garments dyed with it. Some observers ascribe its ill-effects to an arsenical admixture. C. -red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C.-yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Corallite (kor'-al-it) \corallum, coral]. In biology, the calcareous calyx or cup of a single coral polyp. Corbiculum {kor-bik' -u-lum) \corbis, a basket]. In biology, applied to the pollen-basket or the inner side of the tarsus of a bee. Cord [chorda, a string]. Used as a synonym for the Umbilical Cord, the vascular, cord-like structure con- necting the placenta and fetus. C. , Coiling of, loops about the fetus or its members. C, Columns of. See Columns. C, False or Superior (vocal), a fold of mucous membrane on either side of the middle line of the larynx, inclosing the superior thyro-aryte- noid ligament. C, Knots of, real knots of the cord formed by the passage of the fetus through a. loop. False Knots, accumulations of Wharton's jelly at par- ticular points. C, Presentation of, descent of the cord, at the beginning of labor, between the presenting part and the membranes. C, Prolapse of, descent at the rupture of the bag of waters ; incomplete, if remaining in the vagina, complete, if protruding there- from. C, Spinal. See Spinal Cord. C, Torsion of, twisting upon its axis. The blood-vessels of the 329 CORIANDER cord make about 40 spiral turns. C, Vocal. See Vocal Band. C. of Weitbrecht, the orbicular liga- ment of the elbow. See also Chorda. Corda [kor'-dah). See Chorda. C. valvuleux, Du- four's term for the cecal pouches or pancreatic organs invariably and normally loaded with bacteria {^Micro- coccus insectorum, Burrill) in certain families of the higher Hemiptera [Pentatomidis, Scutelleridce , Corime- Icenida) ; invariably wanting in the lower Hemiptera. Cordial (kor'-jal) [cor, the heart]. I. Pertaining to the heart ; exhilarant ; stimulant. 2. An aromatic, spirituous stimulant. • Cordiale (kor-de-a'-le) [L. ] . A cordial. C. rubi fruc- tus. See Blackberry Cordial. Corditis (kor-di' -tis). See Chorditis. Cordon (kor' -don) [Fr., a cord or rope]. A chain of posts to enforce a quarantine against a place infected with an epidemic disease. Cordylus (kor' -dil-us) [iwpSvh), a club] . In biology, one of the tentacular ' ' auditory clubs ' ' of Hydrome- dusce. Core (kor) [ME., core, a core]. I. The central slough of a boil or carbuncle. 2. The axial or central por- tion of the terminal corpuscle in a nerve. 3. A bundle of soft iron wires used as a magnet in the cen- ter of a coil. Coreclisis (kor-ek-li'-sis). See Coroclisis. Corectasis (kor-ek' -tas-is) \K.6pri, pupil ; Iktcusiq, a stretching out]. Dilatation of the pupil. Corectome (kor-ek' -torn) [x-bpri, the pupil ; enTifaiew, to cut out]. An instrument used in iridectomy. Corectomy (kor-ek' -to-me) [nbpTj, pupil; lurifiveiv, to cut out] . See Iridectomy, and Pupil, Artificial. Corectopia (kor-ek-to' -pe-ah) [/(i5p)?, pupil ; lurono;, misplaced]. An anomalous position of the pupil; displacement of the pupil. Coredialysis (kor-e-di-al' -is-is) [jidprj, pupil ; diaXiem, to liberate]. The production of an artificial pupil at the ciliary border of the iris. Corediastasis (kor-e-di-as' -tas-is) [ii6p7i, pupil ; didara- aic, dilatation]. Dilatation of the pupil. Corelysis (kor-el' -is-is) [jidpri, pupil ; Xvm^, a loosen- ing] . The detachment of iritic adhesions to the lens, or to the cornea. Coremorphosis (kor-e-mor' -fo-sis) [Kdpr/, pupil ; /irfp^- ciaig, formation]. See Pupil, Artificial. , Corenclisis (kor-en-kW -sis) \jt6p7j, pupil ; kytCksiaLi;, in- clusion]. The formation of a new pupil by displace- ment, the iris being drawn aside and in part excised. Coreometer (kor-e-om' -et-er) \K6pr), pupil, /xerpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the pupil of the eye. Corephthisis (kor-ef'-tis-is) [j<.6p7i, pupil ; tpBlai^, a wasting]. See Corophthisis. Coreplasty (kor'-e-plas-te). See Pupil, Artificial. Coreses (kor'-es-ez) [icdpff, a bed-bug]. In botany, reddish discoid bodies found beneath the skin of grapes. Coretomy [kor-ef -o-me) \K6prj, pupil ; rkjivtw to cut] . Iridotomy or iridectomy ; any surgical cutting opera- tion on the iris. Coriaceous (kor-e-a'-she-its)\corium,\^i.'i!asT'\. In biol- ogy, leathery. Coriamyrtin (ko-re-am-er' -tin) [corium, a. hide ; myr- tus, myrtle]. An exceedingly poisonous principle, a glucosid, obtained from the fruit of Coriaria myrtifolia. Coriander, or Coriandrum (ko-re-an'-der, ko-re-an'- drum) [Koplavvov, coriander]. Coriander. The fruit of C sativum , an aromatic carminative and stim- ulant, used mainly to give flavor to other remedies and as a corrective to griping purgatives. Dose gr. x-xx. C, 01 , the volatile oil. Dose n\_ ij-v. CORIARIA 330 CORONAL Coriaria (ko-re-a' -re-ah) [L.]. A genus of poisonous shrubs of several species, jiaving a wide geographic distribution. C. myrtifolia, used in dyeing and tan- ning, has poisonous berries and shoots. The seeds and shoots of C. sarmentosa of New Zealand afford what is called toot-poison. The memory is said to be impaired after recovery from poisoning by this plant. Unof. Corium (ko'-re-uni) [L., leather]. The deep layer of the cutis. Cork {kork) [cortex, bark]. A substance obtained from the outer part o£ the sub-epidermic bark of certain oaks, as Quercus ruber and Q. occidentalis , of the Mediterranean region ; extensively used in pharmacy, and to some extent in surgery. C.-oak. See Oak- bark. C.-black. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Corm (korni) \mpfi6q the trunk of a tree] . The bulb- ous underground part of certain plants, as the crocus. Cormophyte {kor' -mo-fit) [sapfidg, the trunk of a tree ; i^t6v a plant] . In biology, a term formerly applied to vascular cryptogams and flowering plants — to all plants possessing roots, stems and leaves. Cormus (kor'-mus) [cormus, a tree-trunk: pi., Cormi'\. In biology, a colony of animals, associated "per- sonae. " See Corm. Corn [cornu, horn]. A local induration and thicken- ing of the skin from friction or pressure. See Clavus. C. -flower. S)te Centaurea. C. -plaster, a thick plaster worn over a corn, sometimes as a direct curative agent, and sometimes to prevent pressure and friction from the shoe. C.-silk, the long, thread-like styles of Indian com, gathered while still green and succulent. It is used occasionally to relieve the pain and spasm of chronic and subacute cystitis, and is also recommended for gonorrhea, gravel, rheumatism, gout, etc. Dose of the tincture gss to j. See Zea mays. C.-smut. See Ustilago. C. -starch, the com- mercial name of a starch derived from maize, and extensively used as an article of food, especially for invalids. Cornalia's Corpuscles. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Cornalian Corpuscles. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Come's Test. See Tests, Table of. Cornea {kor'-ne-ah) \corneus, homy] . The transparent anterior portion of the eyeball, its area occupying about one-sixth the circumference of the globe. It is continuous with the sclerotic, and is nourished by lymph from the looped blood-vessels at its peripheral border. It is lined posteriorly by Descemet's membrane ; the conjunctiva is firmly adherent to its substance in front. C, Conical. See .Keratoglobus. C, Leu- koma of. See Leukoma. C, Tattooing of. See Tattooing. C, Transplantation of, the operation of engrafting a section of transparent cornea from some animal into the space of an excised portion of leuko- matous human cornea. Corneal [kor'-ne-al) \corneus, horny]. Relating to the cornea. C. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. Cornein {kor'-ne-in) \_corneus, homy], CjoH^jNgOjj. The skeleton of gorgonia and certain corals. Corneitis [kor-ne-i'-tis). See Keratitis. Corneocalcareous (lior-ne-o-kal-ka'-re-us) \_cornejis, horny; calcareus, pertaining to lime]. In biology, formed of a mixture of horny and calcareous substances. Corneosilicious (kor-ne-o-sil ish'-us) \_cornetis, horny ; siliceus, pertaining to flint]. In biology, applied to sponges containing both horny and silicious substances. Corneous [kor'-ne-us) \_cornctis, horny]. Horny, or horn-like. C. Tissue, the substance of the nails. Cornet (kor-net') \cornu, a horn]. A small ear-trum- pet worn within the auricula, and sometimes concealed by the hair of the wearer. Cornic Acid {kor'-nik). See Cornin. Cornicle {kor'-nik-l) \corniculum, dim. of cornu, a horn]. In biology, one of the hora-like excretory ducts on the back of a plant-louse. Corniculum (kor-nik'-u-lum) [cornicula, a little horn: pi., Cornicula']. A small cornu or horn-like process. C. laryngis, a small, horn-shaped mass of cartilage on the arytenoid cartilages ; called also the Cartilages of Santorini. Cornification [kor-nifik-a'-shun) \_comeus, horny; facere, to make] . The process of hardening or mak- ing horny. Corniform (kor' -nif-orm) [cornu, a horn ; forma, shape]. In biology, shaped like the horn of an, ox. Cornin (kor'-nin) \corneus, horny]. A precipitate from the tincture of the bark of Dogwood, Cornus florida ; it occurs in white, silky, bitter crystals, and is a tonic, stimulant, and astringent. Dose two to four grains. Unof. Coming's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Cornu \kor'-nu) [L. : pi., Cornuci\. A horn. A name applied to any excrescence resembling a horn. C. ammonis, the hippocampus viajor of the brain. C. cervi, hartshorn or ammonium hydrate. C. cuta- neum, cornu humanum, a horn or excrescence arising from the skin, with a deeper portion imbedded within, These horns vary in shape and size, and may resemble the horns of lower animals. They are solid, dry, dense, smooth or corrugated, laminated or excavated on the surface , often elongated and conical at the extremity. In color they are white, gray, yellow, brown, or black. They may be single or multiple, and may in- volve any region of the body, though usually seen on the scalp and face. They are likely to recur on re- moval. C. humanum. See C. cutaneum. C. sacri, the prominence on each bone of the sacrum. Cornual (kor'-nu-aT) [cornu, a hoin]. Relating to a cornu. C. Myelitis, myelitis affecting the anterior cornua of the spinal cord. Cornuan's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Cornus (kor'-nus) [L.]. Dogwood. The bark of the root of C. florida, with properties due to a crystalline principle, cornin. It is a simple stomachic, bitter and somewhat antiperiodic. C, Fid. £xt. DoseTt\^x-gi. Cornutin (kor-nu' -tin) . One of the poisonous basic principles or alkaloids of Ergot. Unof. Coroclisis, or Corocleisis [ko-ro-kW -sis) [nop^, pu- pil ; K^elaig, a closure]. Pathologic closure or oblit- eration of the pupil. Corodialysis {kor-o-di-al' ■is-is)[K.6p/i, the pupil; Sidhiatg, a loosening] . See Iridodialysis. Corodiastasis (kor-o-di-as' -tas-is) [xSpi;, the pupil; di&araaig, separation]. Dilatation of the pupil. Corolla (ko-rol'-ah) [corolla, dim. oi corona, a crown]. In biology, the inner floral envelop. Corona [ko-ro'-nah) [co?'o«a, a garland]. A crown. See, also, Capsula. C. ciliaris, the ciUary ligament. C. dentis, the crown of a tooth, q. v. C. glandis, the ridge of the glans penis. C. ovariana, the cres- centic area of tympany above the area of dulness in cases of ovarian tumor. C. radiata, a radiating mass of white brain-substance ascending from the in- ternal capsule to the cortex cerebri. C. veneris, a circle of syphilitic blotches occurring on the forehead; sometimes dependent upon caries or inflammation of the frontal bone. Coronad [kor' -o-nad) [corona, the crown; ad, to]. Toward the coronal aspect of the head. Coronal (kor-o'-nal) [corona, the crown]. Pertain- ing to the crown of the head. C. Intestine. See CORONAMEN 331 CORPUSCLE Perogaster. C. Suture, the suture joining the frontal with the two parietal bones. Coronamen (kor-o-na' -men) [L. , a crowning : pi. , Coronamina^. Same as Coronet. Coronary {kor'-o-na-re) \corona, a crown]. A term applied to vessels, nerves, or attachments that encircle a part or organ. C. Bone, the small pastern or me- dian phalanx of a horse's foot. Coronate [kor'-o-nai) [coronatus, to crown]. In bi" ology, provided with a crown. Coronen (ko-ro' -nen) [sorona, a crown]. Belonging to the corona in itself. Coroner [kor'-o-ner) \coronator, a crown, an officer ap- pointed by the Crown]. An officer who inquires by authority of the law into the causes of deaths of sudden or violent occurrence. C, Inquest of, the legal inquiry before a jury into the cause of a sudden or violent death. Coronet (kor'-o-nei) [Fr., coronette, dim. of corone, a crown]. I. In biology, a crowning circle of hairs. 2. In veterinary surgery, the lowest part of the pas- tern of the hoof, also called coronamen. Coronilla (kor-o-nW -aK) [dim. of corona, a crown]. A genus of leguminous herbs. C. emerus is purga- tive. C. scorpeoides, abundant in southwestern Europe, has doubtful value in cardiac affections when increased amplitude of pulsation is required. C. varia is diuretic, purgative, and poisonous. Unof. Coronillin [kor-o-nil' -in) [dim. of corona, a crown]. A glucosid from Coronilla scorpeoides ; it is said to be a diuretic cardiant. Corono-basilar {kor-o-no-ba^ -sil-ar) \corona, a crown ; basis, the base]. Extending from the coronal suture to the basilar aspect of the head. Coronofacial i^kor^-no-fa' -shal) [corona, crown ; fades, face]. Relating to the crown of the head and to the face. CoTonoid [kor'-o-noid ) [corona, crown ; elSo^, like- ness]. Crown-shaped; as the C. process of the ulna or of the jaw. Coronule (kor'-o-nul) \coronula, dim. of corona, a crown]. In biology, the tuft of down forming a crown to certain seeds. Corophthisis (ko-roff' -tis-is) \K6pri, pupil ; (jidiaig, a wasting]. Habitual or permanent contraction of the pupil due to a wasting disease of the eye. Corpora [kor' -por-ah) [pi. oi corpus, ahody^. A general term applied to certain parts of the body having a. rounded or ovoid shape. C. albicantia. See C. mam- millaria. C. arantii, the tubercles, one in the center of each segment of the semilunar valves. C. cavernosa, the cylindric bodies of erectile tissue forming the chief part of the penis. Also the two masses of erectile tissue composing the clitoris. See Penis. C. geni- culata, two small eminences projecting from the optic thalami. C. libera ar- ticulorum. Mures Ar- ticulorum ; joint - mice ; loose bodies, either fibro- matous, lipomatous, or chondromatous in nature, occurring occasionally ini| joints. They vary in size from that of a pea to that of a walnut, and are of all shapes. They are most frequent in the knee-joint. They are of traumatic Corpora Cavernosa and Ad- origin. C. mammilla- jacent Parts. (Potter.) ria, Corpora albicantia ; i- Corpora cavernosa. 2. Cor- the mammiUary bodies ZL'TrTr,.rils''Tl oi the bram. They are Nerves. formed by the spreading out on the surface of Gud- den's ganglion and an adjoining ganglion of the some- what interwoven fibers of Gudden's and Vicq d'Azyr's bundles. They form the bulbs of the fornix. C. olivaria, the two oval masses behind the pyramids of the medulla oblongata. C. oryzoidea, the rice- like corpuscles or melon-seed bodies of hygromata. C. pyramidalia, the two bundles of white matter of the medulla oblongata, situated below the pons varolii. C. quadrigemina, the optic lobes of the brain, the four rounded eminences situated under the corpus cal- losum. The anterior pair are called the nates, and the posterior, the testes. C. restiformia, the large columns or cord-like bodies extending from the me- dulla to the cerebrum. C. striata, two organs, one in each lateral ventricle of the brain, composed of the caudate and lenticular nuclei. The first, or intra- ventricular portion, extends into the lateral ventricle. C. wolffiana, the "primordial kidney." Corporeal [kor-por' -e-al) [corpus, a body]. Pertain- ing to the body. C. Endometritis. See Endome- tritis. Corpse {korps) [ME., corps, a dead body]. See Cada- ver. C. -plant, the Monotropa unifiora, a singular saprophytic plant of Asia and N. America ; it is a popular remedy for epilepsy and for sore-eyes. Unof. Corpulency (kor'-pu-len-se) [corpulentus , corpulent]. Obesity ; fatness of the body. Corpulent {kor' -pu-lent) [corpulentus, corpulent]. Ex- cessively fat ; obese. Corpus {kor' -pus) [corpus , ?i'\ioi.y : pi.. Corpora"]. A body ; the human body. C. of Arantius. See Cal- losum. C. callosum. See Commissure. C. caver- nosutn vaginae, the spongy tissue of the vagina. C. candicans, corpus mamillare ; a small white tubercle lying on the base of the brain, one on each side under the thalamus. The two form the boundary-point between the fore-brain and inter-brain ; each is com- posed of three nuclei. C. ciliare, the ciliary body of the eye. C. dentatum. See Olivary Body. Also a ganglion of the cerebellum, an open bag or capsule of gray matter, on section of a dentated outline, and open anteriorly. C. highmorianum , the mediastinum of the testis, a reflection inward of the tunica albuginea into the testicle at its posterior border. C. fimbriatum, the lateral thin edge of the tsnia hippocampi. See also Fimbria. C. luteum, the yellow body. Hyper- trophy of the membrana propria, or reticulata of the ovisac, after the escape of the ovule. C. L., False, that resulting when pregnancy does not occur, called also the C. L. of Menstruation. C. L., True, that re- sulting when pregnancy takes place, called also the C. L. of Pregnancy, and differing in several respects from the first. C. mamillare. See Corpus candicans. C. pampiniforme, the parovarium. C. spongiosum, the spongy body enclosing the urethra, etc. C. stri- atum. See Corpora. C. trapezoides, the arbor of the cerebellum. C. trigonum. See Trigonum vesicts. C. uteri. See Uterus. C. vertebrae. See Centrum. C. Vitreum. See Vitreous Humor. Corpuscle [kor'-pus-l) [dim. of carpus']. A namfc loosely applied to almost any small, rounded, or oval body. C., Bizzozero's. See Blood-platelets. C. of Blood, the minute, biconcave, flat discs, circular in man, elliptic in the camel, and oval in birds and reptiles. They are distinguished as red and white, or colorless. Red corpuscles have been divided, accord- ing to their size, into normoblasts (normal in size), megaloblasts or megalocytes (of excessive size), microblasts or microcytes (abnormally small), and poikiloblasts or poikilocytes (of irregular shape and size). The red corpuscles in the blood of man CORPUSCLE 332 are about ij-^j in. in diameter and yj^jji; in. thick. They consist of a colorless stroma (paraglobulin, cholesterin, lecithin, and neurin) infiltrated with color- ing-matter (hemoglobin). The white or colorless corpuscles are flattened, binucleated or trinucleated cells, about ^siv '"• '" diameter, and exist in the ratio of I : 400 compared with red corpuscles. They possess contractile power, alter their shape readily, and in general appearance closely resemble amebse. They are most numerous in venous blood. The color- less corpuscles are variously designated as eosinophile, basophiie, neutrophile, mononuclear, polynuclear, lym- phocytes, transitional, large, small, etc. C. of Donne. See Colostrum-corpuscles. C, Eichhorst's, a special form of microcyte in the blood of those suffering from pernicious anemia. C, Gluge's, a variety of large cells containing fat-drops, myelin, or detritus. They are called also Compound Granule- Cells and Inflamma- IW Corpuscle of Krause. t, I, I. Nerve-tubule. 2, 2, 2. Its medullary sub- stance. 3, 3, 3 Nuclei of the sheath of Schwann. 4, Granular substance occupying the center of the corpuscle and the contained nuclei. Corpuscle of Pacini. :. Base, or proximal extremity. 2. Summit, or distal extremity. 3. Capsules displaying nuclei. 4. 4. Attachment of capsules to sheath of nerve-tubule. 5. Cavity of corpuscle. 6 Nerve-tubule. 7, 7. Nerve-tubule successively losing its medullary sheath anci neurilemma. 8. Enlargement in which it terminates. 9. Granu- lar matter continuous with the base of this enlargement. iory Corpuscles. C. of Krause, the spherical or ovoid corpuscles occurring at the ends of the nerve- tubules that emerge from a nerve-plexus. They occur in the conjunctiva, the edges of the lips, and various mucous and glandular surfaces. C, Malpighian, a name applied to the splenic corpuscles, and to the Malpighian bodies. C. of Neumann, the nucleated colored corpuscles of the blood seen after repeated hemorrhages. C, Morris's Invisible, colorless, transparent, biconcave discs of the same size as the red ones, invisible in the serum because their color and refractive index are the same as those of the liquor san- guinis ; they are, believed by Norris to exist normally in the blood. They are probably red corpuscles that have lost their hemoglobin. C, Pacinian, certain small corpuscles occurring in the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the fingers and toes. C. of Purkinje, a bone- cell. See Purkinje. C, Shadow. See Shadow. C, Tactile, of Wagner, the small, oval bodies found Tactile Corpus- cle WITH Two Lobes. CORROSION in the papillae of the skin and enveloped by nerve- fibers. C. of V. Troltsch, a name formerly given to a series of lymph-channels between the two layers of \!d.^ lamina propria ol'Ca^^xc. They are spindle-shaped on longitudinal section and stellate on transverse section, and are lined with endothe- lium. C, Valentin's, the small, roundish amyloid bodies found in nerve-substance. C, Weber's, the sinus pocularis. Corpuscula [kor-pus'-ku-lah) [L.]. Plural of Corpusculuvi. C. margi- nalia, in biology, the marginal sense- organs of MeduscE. Corpuscular [kor-pus' -ku-lar) [cor- pusculum, a little body]. Relating to or of the nature of a corpuscle. Corpusculation (kor-pyus-ku-la^ -shun) [corpusculum, a corpuscle] . A con- dition in which the corpuscles of the blood have undergone hyperplasia, being larger and more numerous than normally. Corpusculous [kor-pus' -ku-lus) [cor- pusculum, a. coif nscXe]. Corpuscular. Corpusculum [kor-pus'-ku-lum) [L. : pi. , Corpuscula'] . A corpuscle. Correctant, or Corrective {kor-ek'- tant or kor-ek'-tiv) \corrigere, to correct]. I. Having the power to correct or to modify favorably. 2. A substance used to modify or make more pleasant the action of a purgative or other remedy. Correction [kor-ek' -shun) [correctus ; corrigere, to amend]. The rectification of any abnormality (as a refractive or muscular defect) , or of any undesirable quality (as in a medicine) . Correlated [kor' -el-a-ted ) [correlatus, related]. Inter- dependent ; related. C. Atrophy. See Atrophy. Correlation [kor-el-a' -shun) [correlatus, related]. In- terdependence ; relationship. Corrigan's Button. A cautery-iron. It consists of a button of iron, % inch in diameter by ^ inch thick, fastened in a wooden handle by a rod 2 inches long. C. Cautery. Same as C. Button. C. Disease. See Diseases, Table of. C. Line. See Signs and Symp- toms, Table of, and Line. C. Pulse, water-hammer pulse. The jerking pulse of aortic regurgitation. The volume of the pulse is large, owing to the hyper- trophy and dilatation of the left ventricle ; hence there is a sudden expansion of the arteries. The regurgitation of the blood, however, as suddenly empties the artery, and the pulse- wave subsides rapidly. The peculiarities of the radial pulse may usually be intensified by rais- ing the hand. It is also called the collapsing, speaking, reading, locomotive, kicking, and shuttle pulse. See Pulse, and Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Corrigent (kor'-ij-ent). See Corrective. Corroborant [kor-ob'-o-rant) [corroborans, strengthen- ing]. 1 . Tonic ; strengthening. 2. A strengthening medicine. Corrosion (kor-o'-zhun) [corrodere, to corrode]. The process of corroding, or the state of being corroded. C. -anatomy, the preparation of any anatomic speci- men by means of a corrosive process that eats away those parts which it is not desired to preserve. In some cases a, resisting-substance is injected, so as to preserve the vessels and ducts from corrosion. C- preparation, one in which the vessels, ducts, or cavi- ties of organs are filled by a fluid that will harden and preserve the shape of the vessel or cavity after the organ itself is corroded or digested or otherwise de- CORROSIVE 333 COSTEN stroyed, the cast remaining. Three methods are used : I. The injection is composed of rosin and white wax colored with paint, dissolved in balsam of copaiba ; after the injection, the organ is destroyed by hydro- chloric acid and water. 2. Wood's Fusiform Metal, consisting of 7 parts of bismuth, 4 parts lead, 2 parts tin, and I part cadmium. The tissues are destroyed by caustic potash. 3. Celloidin : The cold celloidin is slowly and forcibly injected, by a syringe, and the soft parts eaten by an acid or a digesting fluid. Corrosive {kor-o'-siv) \con, intensive ; rodere, to gnaw]. A substance that destroys organic tissue either by direct chemic means or by causing inflammation and suppuration. C. Chlorid, mercuric chlorid. C. Sublimate. See Hydrargyrum. C.-sublimate Bath. See Bath. Corroval (kor'-o-val). A variety of curare, or arrow- poison ; a cardiac and muscular paralyzant. Corrovaiin (kor-o'-val-in). A poisonous alk^oid ob- tained from corroval. Unof. Corrugator {kor' -u-ga-tor) \corrugere, to wrinkle]. That which wrinkles. See Muscles, Table of. Corset (kor'-set) [F. ,dim. oi cors, body]. In sur- gery, an investment for the abdomen or chest, or both ; useful in some spinal disorders and deformities, and in fractures or injuries of the thoracic walls. C. -liver, a liver characterized by a furrow resulting from the pressure exerted by a corset and situated chiefly in the right lobe. It is due to habitual tight lacing, and hence is found in women and, rarely, among soldiers. If extreme, the furrow can be felt along the margin of the ribs if the abdominal walls are lax. Corsican Moss. A mixture of fragments tif various seaweeds, brought from Corsica, etc. ; called, also, helminthochorton. It is said to be alterative, febri- fuge, anthelmintic, and nutritious. Unof. Corson's Paint. A substance used as a means of coun- ter-irritation. It consists of croton oil 2 drams, ether 4 drams, compound tincture of iodin sufficient to make 2 ounces. Paint over the affected part with a camel' s- hair pencil once daily. Cortex (kor'-teks) [L., bark]. The bark of an exo- genous plant. C. aurantii, orange-peel. C. cerebri, the external layer of gray matter of the brain. C. renalis, the cortical substance of the kidney. Corti (kor'-te). A celebrated Italian anatomist, 1729- 1813. C, Arch of. %&e.Arch. C, Canal of. See Canal. C, Cells of, the external hair-cells of the organ ofCqrti. See Cell. C, Fibers of, the rods of Corti. C, Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table of. C, Membrane of. See Membrane. C., Organ of, a series of some 3000 arches upon the floor of the basilar membrane within the ductus cochlearis of the internal ear. C, Pillars of, the rods of Corti. C, Rods of, the pil- lars of the arch of the organ of Corti. C, Rolls of, the fibers forming the inner limb of the arches of Corti. C, Tunnel of, a triangular canal between the layers of the rods of Corti. Cortical {kor' -tik-al) [cortex, bark]. Pertaining to the cortex or bark, or to the cortex of the brain, or of the kidney. C. Epilepsy, C. Paralysis, such as is due to a lesion of the cortical substance of the brain. Corticiferous {kor-tis-if -er-us") [cortex, bark ; ferre, to bear] . In biology, producing a bark. Corticin {kor'-tis-iH) [cortex, bark]. I. An alkaloid from poplar-bark. 2. A form of tannin from certain wood-barks. Corticole {kor'-tik-ol) [cortex,ha.rk; colere, to inhabit]. In biology, growing on bark. Cortina [kor-W -nah) [cortina, a curtain]. In biology, the marginal veil of certain fungi. Corviform {kor' -ve-form) [corvus, a crow ; forma, shape] . In biology, resembling a crow. Corvisdrt's Facies. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Corybantism (kor-e-bant'-izm) [Kopv/Savavna/idg, cory,- bantic frenzy]. Maniacal frenzy, with sleeplessness, choreic excitement and visual hallucinations. Corydalin (kor-id' -al-in) [/co/)U(J(r^/l./f, the crested lark], CjgHjjNOj. A precipitate from the tincture of the root of Corydalis formosa ; it is tonic, diuretic, anti- syphilitic, resolvent, etc. Dose i to 5 grains. Unof Corydalis (kor-id' -al-is) [Kopvda7i,'A,l^, the crested lark]. Turkey com. The tuber of C. formosa [Dicentra can- adensis) , a tonic, diuretic, and alterative. Dose of fld. ext. n\^x-xl. Corydalin, the alkaloid. Dosegr. j-v. Unof Corymb {kor'-imb") [K6pv/i3og, a head or cluster of fruit or flowers]. In biology, a flower-cluster on the inde- terminate plan, in which the axis is somewhat short- ened and the pedicels of the lower flowers somewhat lengthened, so as to foim a flat-topped cluster. Corymbose [kor-im' -bos) [iidpvji^og, a flower-cluster]. In biology, corymb-like, or arranged in corymbs. C. Eruption, a variety of the eruption of smallpox in which it shows itself in patches or clusters the size of the hand, as thickly set as possible, while the surround- ing skin often remains entirely free. The grouping may be symmetrically distributed. This variety of small-pox is very dangerous. Coryphodont (kor-if'-o-dont) [mpwjiii, summit ; 'oSoh( (bSovT-) tooth]. In biology, having teeth with pointed cusps. Corysterium (kor-is-te' -re-uni) [Kopvar^c, one having a helmet]. In biology, an organ found in the abdomen of certain female insects, that secretes a jelly-like pro- tective envelop for the eggs. Coryza [ko-ri'-zah] [K6pvlia, a running at the nose]. Catarrh of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages and adjacent sinuses, popularly called a "cold in the head." See Rhinitis. C. caseosa, a term applied by Cozzolino to a disease in which tlie nostrils are filled with caseous masses. C, Idiosyncratic. See Hay- fever. C. maligna. Siynonycaoi Snuffles of the New- born. C, Periodic Vasomotor. See Hay- fever. C, Vasomotor. Synonym of Hay-fever. Cosme's Paste. See Hebra's Arsenical Paste. Cosmesis [kos-me' -sis) {Koufdsiv, to adorn]. The art of preserving or increasing beauty. Cosmetic {koz-mef -ik) [ma/ir/TiKSg ; ma/iieii', to adorn]. A remedy designed to improve or to hide defects of the skin or other external parts. It may be a white p6wder, such as starch, magnesic oxid, calcium car- bonate (levigated), zinc oxid, mercurous chlorid, or bismuth subnitrate applied externally, it may be a white substance dissolved in dilute alcohol, which is left upon the face after the evaporation of the solvent ; or it may be a stimulant to the skin used internally, such as arsenic. C. Operation, a surgical operation to give a natural appearance to a defective or unsightly part. Cosmetology [koz-m^t-ol' -o-je) [K^nfrnjo^, orderly; Adyof, science]. The science of the proper care of the body with respect to cleanliness, dress, etc. Cosmic Disease. Syphilis of the heart-valves. Cosmolin [koz'-mo-lin). See Petrolatum. Costa (kos'-tah) [L.]. A rib. See Rib. Costal {kos'-tal) [costa, a rib]. Pertaining to the ribs. C. Arch, the arch of the ribs. C. Cartilages, the 12 cartilaginous extensions of the ribs. Costalgia \kos-tal' -je-ah) [costa, a rib; akyoq, pain]. Intercostal neuralgia ; pain in the ribs. Costen (kos'-ten) [costa, a rib]. Belonging to a rib in itself COSTER'S PASTE 334 COUP DE SOLEIL Coster's Paste. A remedy of some value in the treat- ment of Tinea tonsurans. It is made of iodin, 2 drams, in one ounce of oil of pitch. This is to be painted upon the patch and allowed to remain until the crust which is produced by the application falls off. Costicartilage (kos-te-kar' -til-aj') [casta, a rib; car- tilago, gristle]. A costal cartilage or unossified sternal rib. Costicervical {kos-te-ser'-vik-al) \_cosia, a rib; cervix, a neck]. Relating to the neck and ribs. Costicervicalis (kos-te-ser-vik-a' -lis) [casta, a rib ; cer- vix, the neck]. The cervicalis ascendens muscle. See Miiscles, Table of, Costispinal \kas-te-spi' -nal ) [casta, a rib ; spina, the spine]. Relating to the ribs and vertebral column. C. muscles, levatores costarum. See Muscles, Table of. Costive (kos'-tiv) [constipare, to be bound]. Consti- pated; affected with costiveness. Costiveness {kas' -tiv-ness) [constipare, to be bound]. An abnormality of digestion characterized by reten- tion and hardness of the feces. Costo- [kos'-to-) [casta, a rib] . A prefix denoting con- nection with the ribs. Costotome (kas' -to-toni) [casta, rib; T0/J.6g, cutting]. A strong knife for cutting the costal cartilages in dis- section, etc. Costus Root {kas'-tiis root). See Putchuk. Cotnar {kot'-nar) [a Moldavian place-name]. A rich, strong, and highly esteemed wine from Roumania. Coto [ko'-ia) [Sp., a cubit]. Goto Bark. The bark of a tree native to Bolivia. It contains a bitter principle, Cotoin, CjjHjjOj, irritant to the skin and mucous membranes. Its therapeutic properties are not known. It is recommended for diarrhea and zymotic fevers and for the night-sweats of pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose of the powder, gr. j-xv ; of the fluid extract gtt. v-xv ; of the tincture (i in lo), gtt. x-xxx; of cotoin, gr. ss-j. Cotoin [ka'-ta-in) [Sp. , cata, a cubit], C^jHjgOg. A crystalline substance found in Coto Bark. See Cata. Cottage-hospital [kot'-aj-hos'-pit-al). A small esta- blishment for the purpose of providing for the sick in a small and isolated community. Cotting's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Cotton (kat'-ri) [MK. , catattn^. Gossypium, a white fibrous seed-hair that envelops the seeds of the cotton- plant. The structure of the cotton-fiber is very char- acteristic. It presents a flattened and collapsed tube, slightly twisted in a spiral form, with comparatively thick walls and a small central opening. Chemically, it contains about 91 per cent, of pure cellulose, 7 per cent, of moisture, and a small amount of fat, nitrog- enous materia! and cuticular substance. C, Absor- bent, is the fiber prepared, by removal of oily matters, for the surgeon's use. C.-blue. Same as Soluble Blue. C.-holder, a probe roughened near the end, upon which cotton may be twisted into a pledget. C.-oil. See C.-seed Oil C.-root. 'S:e& Gossypium. C. -phthisis, a variety of pulmonary disease occurring among cotton operatives from inhalation of cotton-dust. C- seed Oil or C.-oil, oleum gossypii seminis, an oil obtained by pressure from the hulled seeds of several species of Gossypium, The raw oil is brownish-yellow in color, somewhat viscid, of it specific gravity of .922 to .9306 at 15° C. The refined oil has a straw- yellow color, or is colorless, of a pleasant, nutty flavor, specific gravity .9264 at 15° C. , boiling at about 600° F. It possesses slight drying properties, and is saponi- fiable, but is chiefly used in adulterating olive, lard, sperm, and other oils. Cotton's Test. See Test's, Table of. Cotunnius, Aqueduct of. See Aqueduct. C, Canal of. See Canals. C, Liquor, or Water of, the perilymph. See Aqua labyrinthi. C, Nerve of, the naso-palatine. See Nerves, Table of. Cotyledon {kot-il-e' -dan) [iiorvkriilMi, a socket]. A mass or tuft of villi on the uterine side of the placenta ; always present upon the human placenta. The placenta of the ruminant mammals has many such masses, hence is polycatyledanaus. Cotyloid {kaf-il-aid) [kotvAij, a cup; el8oq, form]. Cup-shape. C. Fossa, or Cavity, the acetabulum. C. Ligament, surrounds the acetabulum. C. Notch, a notch in the anterior and lower border of the acet- abulum. Couch-grass (kowch' -gras) . See Triticum. Couching (kowch' -ing) [Fr., coucAer, to depress]. The operation, now fallen into disuse, of depressing a cataractous lens into the vitreous chamber, where it was left to be absorbed. Couerbe's Test. See Tests, Table of. Cough {kaf) [ME., cough, a cough]. A sudden violent expiratory explosion through the mouth after deep in- spiration and closure of the glottis. C. -center. See Center. C, Trigeminal, a reflex paroxysmal cough, occurring in individuals whose respiratory organs are perfectly sound, and due to an irritation of the trigem- inal fibers distributed to the nose, pharynx, and external auditory meatus. C, Winter, a short troublesome cough of old people, due to chronic bronchitis, and re- curring every winter. Coulomb [kao-lom') [after Coulomb, a French physi- cist]. The unit of measurement of electric quan- tity ; the quantity of electricity that passes during one second through a conductor having a resistance of one ohm, with one volt of electromotive force. The micro-coulomb is the millionth part of this amount. Coulomb's Law. See Law. Couraalic Acid [koa-mal'-ik). See Acid. Coumaric Acid \koa-mar'-ik). See Acid. Coumarilic Acid (koa-mar-il'-ik). See Add. Coumarin [koo' -mar-in), CgH^Oj. A vegetable proxi- mate principle that occurs in Asperula odarata, in the Tonka bean, and in Melilotus officinalis. It is solu- ble in hot water, readily so in alcohol and ether ; it crystallizes in shining prisms, possesses the odor of the Asperula, and melts at 67°, in the proportion of 2 grains to the dram. It covers the odor of iodoform. Unof Coumarone (koo' -mar-on), CgHgO. A body, formed by distilling coumarilic acid with lime. It is present in coal-tar. It is an oil that sinks in water, and boils at 169° C. Counter-extension [kown'-ter-eks-ten'-shun). See Ex- tension. Counter-indication [kawn' -ter-in-dik-a' -shun). See Contra-indicatian . Counter-irritation {/town' -ter-ir-it-a' -shun) [contra, against; irritare, to irritate]. Superficial and arti- ficially-produced inflammation, in order to exercise a good effect upon some adjacent or deep-seated morbid process. This is generally accomplished by vesicants, rubefacients, etc. Counter - opening ( kown' -ter-op' -en-ing ) [contra, against; ME., openyng, an opening]. An incision made in an abscess or cavity, opposite to another, generally for purposes of drainage. Counter-poison [kown' -ter-poi' -^n) [contra, against; ME., /OT>i;a», poison]. A poison given as an anti- dote to another poison . Counter-stroke {/eawn'-ter-strok). See Contre-coup, Country Fever. See Fever, Florida, C. F. of Con- stantinople. Synonym of Mediterranean Fever, Coup de Soleil (koo duh so-lay') [Fr.]. Sunstroke. See Heat-stroke, COUP SUR COUP 335 CRADIN Coup sur Coup {koo sur koc/) [Fr.]. Blow upon blow ; a designation for an obsolete method of apply- ing venesection ; the successive bleedings following each other rapidly. Couperose (kup'-rdz) [Fr.]. Synonym of Acne rosacea. Coupier's Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C. Red. Same as Rosanilin. Courses {kors'-ez). See Menses. Court Plaster (kort plas'-ter). See Ichthycolla. Courty's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Couvade {koo-vahd') [Fr. , couver, to hatch]. Male child-bed. A custom of certain savage tribes in which, after child-birth, the father goes to bed, etc., and the mother gets up, etc. Couveuse (koo-vu^r)z'') [F"r.]. See Incubator. Tarnier's Couveuse. {Front FullertofV s " Obstetric Nursing;.") CovsT (iuv'-er) [M.K., cuveren, to coverl. I. To pro- tect. 2. To copulate with ; said of male animals. C- correction, an arrangement to so adjust the lenses of a microscope that the best definition may be obtained for varying thicknesses of cover-glasses. C. -glass, in microscopy, the thin lamina of glass covering the object mounted on the slide. It should not exceed ^Jj inch in thickness. On account of its effect on the transmission of light, the thickness of the cover-glass must be considered in correcting the objective. C- glass Preparatibn, the fixing and staining of a fluid upon a cover-glass. C.-slip. Sa.vae as C.-g/ass. Cow [iow) [AS., cu, cow]. The female of the genus Bos, and of other large animals. C.-bane, Water Hemlock. The leaves of Cicuta virosa, an acrid nar- cotic, highly poisonous to cattle, but not affecting sheep and goats. It causes intoxication and spasm. It is sometimes used externally as an anodyne in rheumatism. C.-parsnip. See Masterwort. C.-pox, C.-pock, a variety of pock seen in the cow, and thought to correspond with smallpox in man. C- tree. See Brosimum. Cowage [kow'-af) [Hind., kawanch, cowhage]. The external hairs of the pod of Mucuna p'uriens, used in medicine as a mechanical vermifuge. Cowan-plant [kow'-an-plant). See Alonsenel. Cowdie-gum [kow' -de-gum) [nat. N. Zeal.]. Codie pine resin. The resinous juice from the Dammara australis, a coniferous tree of New Zealand. It is one of the ingredients of copal varnishes. It is also one of the ingredients of the impression-material known as " Modeling Composition. " It is one of the varieties of Dammar, q. v., and is also called Kauri- gum. Cowell's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Cowhage, Cowitch (kow'-dj, iow'-ich). See Mucuna and Cowage. Cowl {kowl) [AS., cule, a hood]. A cover for a chim- ney, that turns with the wind and assists in ventila- ■ tion. Cowling's Rule. A rule for dosage. In his formula the age of the child at the next birthday is the nume- rator and 24 the denominator. According to this, the dose of a child approaching four years of age would be ^ = ^ of the dose for an adult. Cowper's Glands. See Gland. Cowperitis (kow-per-i' -tis) \Cmvper, an English anato- mist ; LTiQ, inflammation] . Inflammation of the glands of Cowper, usually gonorrheal in origin. Cowpoxing (kow-poks' -ing). Synonym of Vaccination. Coxa {koks'-ah) \_coxa, hip]. The hip-joint or the hip. In biology, the basal joint of the leg of an arthropod, abbreviated from coxognathite and coxopodite, of Milne Edwards ; also Coxopodite. C. vara, bending or twist- ing of the neck of the femur. Coxagra {koks-a' -grah) \_coxa, the hip; aypa, seizure]. Gout in the hip ; sciatica. Coxal (koks'-al) \_coxa, the hip]. Relating to the coxa. Coxalgia (koks-al'-je-ah) . [coxa, a hip ; aXyo^, pain]. Pain in the hip-joint. See Sciatica, and Jlip-joini Disease. Coxalgic [koks-al'-jik) [coxa, the hip ; aTtipog, pain]. Relating to coxalgia. Coxarthrocace [koks-arth-rok' -as-e) \coxa, hip ; apBpov, joint; /ca/ciif, bad]. A fungoid inflammation of the hip-joint. Coxe's Hive-mixture. See Scilla and Antimonium. Coxecphysis [koks-ek'-fis-is) [coxa, hip ; kufvaav, to blow out]. In biology, a branch springing from the coxa of an arthropod ; synonymous with the epignath- ite Z.TI& epipodite of Milne Edwards, and with the podo- branchia of Huxley when it is connected with the branchial plumes, as in Homarus. Coxitis i/wks-i' -tis) [coxa, the hip ; irif, inflammation]. Inflammation of the hip-joint. Coxocerite (koks-os' -er-it) [.roxa, the hip ; Kkpa^ ,\iota\. In biology, the basal joint of the antenna of an arthro- pod. Coxodynia (Itoks-o-din' -e-ah) [coxa, hip ; bSvvri, pain] . Same as Coxalgia. Coxo-femoral [koks-o-fem'-or-al) [coxa, the hip; femur, the thigh-bone]. Relating to the coxa and the femur. Coxopodite {koks-op' -o-dlt) [coxa, hip ; Troiif, a foot]. See Coxa. Coxotuberculosis [koks-o-tu-ber-ku-lo' -sis) [coxa, the hip ; tu'berculum, a tubercle] . Tuberculous disease of the hip-joint. Crab Louse {krab' -lows) See Pediculus. Crab's-eyes (krabz'-tz). Flat, calcareous concretions [Lapides cancrorum) derived from the stomach of the crab, and used as a means of removing foreign bodies from the eye. Also a name for the seeds of Abrus precatorius. Crachotement (kra-shot-mon {g)') [Fr.]. A peculiar reflex following operations upon the utero-ovarian or- gans, marked by a desire to spit, without the ability to do so. It is usually accompanied by a tendency to syncope. Cracked-metal Sound. See Cracked-pot Sound. Cracked-pot Sound. A peculiar sound elicited by per- cussion over a pulmonary cavity communicating with a bronchus. Crackling {krak'-ling) [ME., crakelen, to crackle]. A sound compared to that produced when salt is thrown into the fire, heard over a lung in which soften- ing of tuberculous deposits has begun to take place. Cradin (krad'-in) [upMij, fig-branch]. A principle obtainable from the leaves and twigs of the common fig. It is said to be a peptic ferment, in some respects CRADLE 336 CRANIECTOMY Cradle for Supporting Bed-clothes. {From Fullerton^ s " Nursing in Abdominal Surgery.^^') more effective than pepsin, and is believed to be iden- tical with papain. Cradle (kra'-dl) [AS., cradol, a cradle]. In surgery, the arculus, a wire or wicker frame so arranged as to keep the weight of the bed-clothing from an injured part of the body. It is employed in the treat- ment of fractures, wounds, etc. C.-Cap, a name given to the scabs composed of dirt and sebum, that form on the scalps of neglected infants and children. C, Ice-, the suspension over a febrile patient, by means of iron frames, of a number of zinc buckets, kept half-filled with ice , and in- closed in a light covering. C. -pessary, a cradle-shaped pessary for treating retrodisplacements of the uterus. Cram ikram) [ME., crammen, to cram]. To store the memory with information for the purpose merely of passing an examination. C.-stunt, arrest in mental development due to over-study. C. -stunted, arrested in mental development by over-study. Cramp (kramp\ [Teut., kramp]. A spasmodic tonic contraction of the muscles, attended with sharp pain. It is especially prone to attack the muscles of the calf. It occurs frequently in those of neurotic tendency, and is often the forerunner of epilepsy. C, Accommo- dation, a spasm of the ciliary muscle of the eye. C, Auctioneers', one of the professional neuroses affect- ting mainly the left side of the orbicularis oris muscle. C.-asphyxia, spinal spasm. C, Ballet-dancers', a neuralgic affection occurring in ballet-dancers, espe- cially premieres danseuses, characterized by pain and paralytic symptoms, affecting the muscles of the calf. It is the result of local strain upon the parts. C- bone, a name for the patella of a sheep. C, Black- smiths'. See C, Hammermen's. C, Car-drivers', a professional neurosis seen in car-drivers, and perhaps also in brakemen, characterized by spasm and weak- ness of the hand from the effort of tightening car-brakes. C, Chisel, a professional neurosis occurring in smiths, affecting the left hand, and produced by the continuous holding of the chisel or similar instrument. C, Cigar- makers', one of the rarer professional neuroses, consist- ing in a tonic contraction of the flexor muscles of the fingers with pain. The painful sensations also extend up the arm and shoulders. C, Cigaret-makers'. See C, Cigar-makers' . C, Clarionet -players', a cramp of the tongue and of the laryngeal muscles experienced occasionally by players on this instrument. C. Colic, a form of colic in the horse, produced by contrac- tion, or spasm, of a portion of the small intestines from the irritation of indigestible food. C, Coach- men's, contraction of the palmar fascia, occasionally seen in coachmen. C, Cornet-players', a rare and peculiar neurosis of the tongue in cornet-players, in which certain notes cannot be sounded, from inability to direct the tongue for that purpose. C, Dancers'. See C, Ballet-dancers'. C, Elocutionists'. See Dysphonia spastica. C, Flute-players', slight laryngeal spasms occurring occasionally in flute- players from excessive use of the instrument. Also a cramp of the flexors and extensors of the hand, from constant use of the instrument. C, Glass- blowers', a painless, but decided and permanent flexion of the fingers, the thumb excepted, due to the continuous grasping of the tube with which the glass is worked. C, Goldbeaters', a cramp of the mus- cles of the arm due to excessive use in beating gold-leaf. C, Hammer. See C, Hammermen' s. C, Hammermen's, a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the arm and shoulder, at times unattended with pain, due to 'the repeated act of hammering. C, Knitters', a peculiar affection of the hands of those who knit, consisting in a contraction of the extensor muscles, with numbness of the ends of the fingers. C, Milkers', a spasmodic contraction of the extensors and flexors of the forearm in consequence of continu- ous exertion in milking. C, Milkmaids'. See C, Milkers' . C, Musicians', a general term including pianists' cramp, violinists' cramp, flutists' cramp, the cramp of clarionet-players, etc. C, Nailsmiths'. See C, Hammermen's. C, Photographers', a rare professional neurosis. C, Pianists', a neurosis of the hands and fingers of piano-players, characterized by fatigue, pain, and weakness. The pain extends up the arm to between the shoulders. C, Piano- players'. See C, Pianists'. C, Saltatory. See Saltatory Spasm. C, Sawyers', peculiar incoordin- ated movements of the saw-arm and corresponding side of the body, from excessive use. C, Scri- veners', See C, Writers'. C, Seamstresses', a professional neurosis consisting in a spastic condition of the flexors of the fingers from constantly plying the needle. C, Shoemakers'. Ste Shoesalesmen' s Disease. C, Smiths'. See C, Hammermen's. C, Speakers'. See Dysphonia spastica. C, Swimmers', a painful cramp of the muscles of the calf of the leg of swimmers, frequently causing death by drowning. C, Tailors', a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the thumb, forefinger, hands, and arms, sometimes occurring in tailors, from overwork. C, Telegraphers', a partial paralysis of the muscles of the hand and fingers with spasm, produced by fatigue from long-continued use of Morse's instrument. C, Treadlers', one of the professional neuroses ; it is met with in treadlers, and consists in cramps of the leg-muscles from constant use of the machine. C, Violinists', a painful cramp most common in the left shoulder of violinists ; it is due to the peculiar position assumed in holding the violin. C, Watchmakers', a cramp in which there is a flexion of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints, with exten- sion of the other joints of the hand. Also, an inability to retain the glass in the eye-socket. C, Writers', Scriveners' palsy ; a difficulty in writing, due to spas- modic action of the muscles of the hand and arm, to pain, to tremulousness of these muscles, or to fatigue and weakness of the extremity. These constitute the four forms, spastic, neuralgic, tremulom, and paralytic. Crampton's Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. C. Operations. See Operations, Table of. Crampus [kram' -pus) [L. ] . An old name for a cramp, or for any disease characterized by cramps. Cranberry [kran' -ber-e) [ME., cranebery, a berry]. The acid fruit of Vaccinium oxycoccus and V. macro- carpon. It is a popular material for poultices, and is vaunted as a cure for carcinoma. Unof C. -tree. See Viburnum opulus. Crane-bark {kran'-bark). See Viburnum opulus. Crane's-bill Root. See Geranium. Craniacromial (kra-ne-ak-ro' -me-al) [upavlov, skull; mpu/ila, the point of the shoulder-blade]. Relating to the cranium and the acromion. Cranial [kra'-ne-al) [/cpawov, the skull]. Relating to the cranium. C. Bosses, flat, bony elevations of the frontal and parietal bones sometimes seen at the angles of the anterior fontanel. They are said to be a proof of hereditary syphilis. C. Nerves. See Nerve, _ Craniectomy {kra-ne-ek' -to-me) [(cpaWov, skull ; SKTO/iii, a cutting out]. The surgical removal of strips or pieces of the cranial bones. It is performed in cases of microcephaly. CRANIOCELE 337 CRANIOSTOSIS Craniocele [kra'-ne-o-ssl) [Kpavim, skull ; k^A^, a tumor]. Encephalocele, q. i'. Cranioclasis (kra-ne-ok' -las-is) [^Kpaviov, skull ; KXdmf , a breaking]. See Cranioclasm. Cranioclasm [kra' -ne-o-klazni) \Kpav'vov, the skull ; likauv, to break]. The operation of breaking the fetal head by means of the cranioclast. Cranioclast (kra'-ni-o-klast ) \Kpaviov, skull ; k'>Auv, to break]. A heavy forceps for crushing the fetal head. Craniodiaclast (kra-ne-o-di' -ak-last') \Kpaviov skull ; diaxXav, to break into pieces]. An instrument for breaking the skull in craniotomy. Craniodidymus (kra-ne-o-did' -im-us) \Kpavia», skjill ; SiSv/ioc, double]. Same as Cephalopagus. Craniofacial {kra-ne-o-fa' -shal) \s,pavim>, skull ; yaciVj, face]. Relating to the cranium and the face; as the craniofacial axis, the craniofacial notch, etc. Craniograph (kra' -ne-o-graf) \KpavLov, skull ; ypafeiv, to record]. An instrument for recording the outlines of the skull. Craniography (kra-ne-og' -ra-fe) \Rpaviov, the skull ; ypa^uv, to write]. That part of descriptive crani- ology the object of which is to describe the parts or regions of the skull or bones of the face. Cranio-hematoncus (kra' -ne-o-hem-at-ong' -kus') [/cpa- vlm, skull ; aifia, blood ; Sy/tof , a tumor]. Synonym of Cephalhematoma. Cranioiogy (kra-ne-ol' -o-je) \Kpavion>, cranium ; Uyo^, science]. A branch of anatomy based upon the com- parative study of skulls. Craniomalacia [kra-ne-o-mal-a' -se-ah'). ' See Cranio- tabes, Craniomandibular (kra-ne-o-man-dib' -u-lar) iKpaviov, skull; mandibula, the mandible]. Relating to the skull and the lower jaw. Craniometer {kra-ne-om' -et-er) \Kpaviov, skull ; /ihpov, a measure]. An instrument for gauging the dimen- sions of the skull. Cianiometric, Craniometrical ( kra-ne-o-met'-rik, kra-ne-o-met' -rik-al) [jipavlov, skull ; p-irpov, a mea- sure]. Pertaining to craniometry. C. Point, any one of the points of measurement used in craniom- etry. A list of the craniometric points is given. ACANTHION [a.Ka.v6iov, a little spine], a point in the median line of the skull at the base of the nasal spine. Alveolar Point, the point between the two middle incisors of the upper jaw. Antinion, that point on the glabellum, and in the median line, that is farthest from the inion. ASTERION [aaripim, starry] , the point behind the ear where the parietal, temporal and occipital bones meet. Auricular Point, the center of the orifice of the external audi- tory meatus. Basion [iasis, fundament] , the middle point of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. Bregma, the point where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet. Dacryon, or Dakryon [Sdicpvov, a tear], the point beside the root of the nose where the frontal, lachrymal, and superior maxillary bones meet. Entomion, the point where the parietal notch of the temporal bone receives the anterior extension of the mastoid angle of the parietal. Glabella, or Glabellum, the point in the median line between the superciliary arches, marked by a swelling, sometimes by a depression. Gnathion, same as Mental Point. GONION, the point at the angle of the lower jaw. HOR ■ MION, the anterior point of the basilar portion of the united spheno-occipital bone, where it is crossed by the median line. Inion, the external occipital protuberance. JUGAL Point, the point situated at the angle that the posterior border of the frontal branch of the malar bone makes with the superior border of its zygomatic 22 branch. Koronion, the apex of the coronoid pro- cess of the inferior maxilla. Lambda, the point of meeting of the sagittal and the lambdoid sutures. Malar Point, a point situated on the tubercle on the external surface of the malar bone, or at the intersec- tion of a line drawn from the external extremity of the fronto-malar suture to the tubercle at the inferior angle of the malar bone and a line drawn nearly hori- zontally from the inferior border of the orbit over the malar bone to the superior border of the zygomatic arch. Maximum Occipital Point, or Occipital Point, the posterior extremity of the antero-posterior diameter of the skull, measured from the glabella in front to the most distant point behind. Mental Point, the middle point of the anterior lip of the lower border of the lower jaw. Metopion, or Metopic Point, a point in the middle line between the two frontal emi- nences. Nasion, or Nasal Point, the middle of the frontal suture at the root of the nose. Obelion, the part of the sagittal suture between the two parietal foramina. Occipital Point. See Maximum Occi- pital Point. Ophryon, the middle of the supraorbi- tal line, which, drawn across the narrowest part of the forehead, separates the face from the cranium. Opis- THION, the middle point of the posterior border of the foramen magnum. Prosthion, the Alveolar point. Pterion, the point where the frontal, parie- tal, temporal, and sphenoid bones come together. Rhinion, the upper median point of the anterior nasal opening. Spinal Point. Same as Subnasal Point. Stephanion, Inferior, the point where the ridge for the temporal muscle intersects the coro- nal suture. Stephanion,- Superior, the point where the coronal suture crosses the temporal ridge. Subnasal Point, the middle of the inferior border of the anterior nares at the base of the nasal spine. Supra-auricular Point, the point vertically over the auricular point at the root of the zygomatic pro- cess. Supranasal Point. Same as Ophryon. Supraorbital Point. Same as Ophryon. Sym- PHYSION, the median point of the outer border of the alveolus of the lower jaw. Vertex, the superior point of the skull. In obstetrics, that conical portion of the skull whose apex is at the posterior fontanel and whose base is formed by the biparietal and trachelo-bregmatic diameters. Craniometry (kra-ne-om' -et-re^ \K.paviov, skull ; fitrpm, a measure]. The ascertainment of the proportions and measurements of skulls, together with the discus- sion of the ascertained facts, and the drawing of sci- entific inferences therefrom. See Angle, Arc, Index, Plane, Point. Craniopagus {kra-ne-op'-ag-us). See Cephalopagus. Craniopharyngeal (kra-ne-o-farin'-je-al) [^Kpaviov, skull ; (jidpiry^, the pharynx]. Relating to the crani- um and the pharynx. Craniophore (kra' -ne-o-for) \K.pavlov, cranium ; (jiipeiv, to bear] . A device for holding the skull during cra- niometric study. Cranioplasty ( kra' -ne-o-plas-te ) \Kp(iviov, skull ; Trhiard^, formed]. The surgical restoration or cor- rection of cranial deficiencies. Craniosclerosis (^kra-ne-o-skle-ro'-sis) [^xpavtov, skull ; aicXrip6c, hard]. A condition the antithesis of that seen in craniotabes. A thickening of the cranial bones, usually due to rhachitis. Cranioscopy {kran-e-os'-ko-pe). See Phrenology. Craniostegnosis [kra-ne-o-steg-no' -sis) [jtpavlov, skull ; arlyvaaig, contraction]. Contraction of the skull. Craniostosis (kran-e-os-to' -sis) [upadov, skull ; bcTEov, a bone]. Congenital ossification of the cranial sutures. CRANIOTABES 338 CREASOTE Craniotabes (kra-ne-o-ta' -bli) [/cpaWov, skull ; tabere, to waste away]. An atrophy of the cranial bones oc- curring in infancy, with the formation of small, shal- low, conical pits in the bone-substance. These pits are granular within, and present a worm-eaten ap- pearance around the margin. They are most usually found in the posterior inferior region of the parietal bone, but may be seen in any of the other cranial bones. They form from within outward, so that in life often they cannot be found. Craniotabes is proba- bly a result of rhachitis, syphilis, or marasmus. The craniotabetic pits are in some way associated with the rapid growth and development of the brain ; they may be due to a premature formation of the marl, skull ; rtfivetv, to cut]. An instrument used in craniotomy Craniotomy (kra-ne-of -o-me) \K.pavlav, skull ; rofiii, a cutting]. I. The operation of reducing the size of the fetal head by cutting or breaking it up, when delivery is otherwise impossible. 2. Excision of a portion of the skull ; performed by Prof. Lannelongue in cases of microcephaly to relieve pressure upon the brain and to give the brain space. C. , Linear. See Crani- ectomy. Craniotractor (kra' -ne-o-trak-tor) \Kpavim>, skull ; trac- tor, a drawer]. A cranioclast designed to be used also, or mainly, as a tractor. Lateral Aspect of Cranium. i. Frontal bone. z. Parietal bone. 3. Occipital bone. 4. Temporal bone. 5. Greater wing of sphenoid bone. 6. Coronal suture. 7. Lambdoid suture. 8. Squamo-parietal suture. 9. Masto-parietal suture. 10. Spheno-parietal su- ture. II. Spheno-temporal suture. 12. Spheno-frontal suture. 13, 13. Temporal ridge. 14, Malar bone. 15. Fronto-malar suture. 16. Malo-temporal suture. 17. Malo-maxillary su- ture. 18. Superior maxillary bone. 19. Infraorbital foramen. 20. Nasal bone. 21. Naso-maxillary suture. 22. Naso-frontal suture. 23. Lachrymal groove, at the bottom of which may be seen the suture between the lachrymal and the superior maxillary bones. 24. Nasal eminence. 25. Inferior maxil- lary bone. 26. Mental foramen. 27. Angle of lower jaw. 28. Coronoid process. 29. Condyle. 30. Neck of condyle. 31. External auditory canal. ^2. Styloid process. 33. Mas- toid process. 34. Masto-occipital suture. Cranium [kra' -ne-um) [^upavlov, the skull]. The skull. The cavity that contains the brain, its membranes and vessels. It consists of 22 bones, of which 14 belong to the face, and 8 to the cranium proper. See Skutl. Crank (krank) [Ger., sick]. A popular term for an eccentric individual or a hobby-rider. See Paranoiac. Cranter (kran' -ter) [^icpavr^p, Kpalveiv, to finish, render perfect: //., Cranteres'\. A wisdom-tooth. The dentes sapientiae are sometimes so called because their presence is necessary to a perfect denture. Crapaudine (krap' -aw-diti) [Fr. , crapaud, a toad]. In veterinary surgery, an ulcer on the coronet of a horse's hoof. Crapulous [krap' -u-lus) \crapula, drunkenness, sur- feit]. Characterized by debauch or excess in drinking or in eating. Craquement (krahk' -mon(g)) [Fr.]. Any crackling sound heard in auscultation. Crasis {kras'-is) [/cpairif, mixture]. Temperament; constitution; predisposition. C, Verminous, an old term used to designate a peculiar dyscrasia of the system due to the presence of worms. Craspedotal (kras-pe-do' -tal ) {KpaaTreSunriq, bordered]. In biology, applied to those Medusae that have velar otolithic vesicles. Crassamentum (kras-am-en' -turn) [L., thickness]. A clot, as of blood. Craterlform (kra-ter' -if-orm) [crater, a crater; forma, shape]. Goblet-shaped or deep-saucer-shaped. Ex- cavated like a crater. Cratomania (krat-o-ma' -ne-ah) [/cpdrof , power ; imv'm, madness]. A delirium of exaltation in which the patient conceives himself to possess vast power. Cravat {kra-vat') [Fr. , cravate,2L.CToa.t\. I. A neck- cloth. 2. A bandage of triangular shape, used as a temporary dressing for a wound or fracture. The middle is applied to the injured part, and the ends are brought around and tied. See Handkerchief Dressings. Craw-Craw [kraw'-kraw). See Filaria sanguinis hominis, and Parasites {^Animal), Table of. CvaMvley (kraw'-le). See Coral Pool. CTHzmess (kra' -ze-nes) [ME. , cro.f^», to break]. In- sanity. Crazy (kra'-ze) [crasen, to break]. Insane; de- mented ; deranged. C.-bone. See Funny-bone. C.-weed. See Loco. Cream (krlm) \cremor, thick juice or broth]. The rich, fat part of milk. C, Cold. See Rosa. C, Ripening of. See Ripening. C. of Tartar. See PofassiuTn. Creamometer {ki-lm-om'-et-er) [cremor, cream ; /ihpov, a measure] . An instrument for estimating the amount of cream in milk. Crease {kres) [Celtic]. A line made by folding. C, Gluteo-femoral. See C, Ileo-femoral. C, Ileo- femoral, is the crease that bounds the buttock below, corresponding nearly to the lower edge of the gluteus maxinius muscle. It is of supposed significance in the diagnosis of hip-disease. Creasol {k¥e'-as-ol) [(cp&f, flesh ; oleum, oil], CgHijOj. One of the principal phenols contained in creasote. It is formed from guaiacum-resin, and is found in beech- wood-tar. It is a colorless, oily liquid of an agreeable odor and a burning taste, boiling at 220° C. It is very similar to guaiacol. Creasote, or Creasotum [kre'-as-m, -ot'-um) [/cpeaf, flesh ; ad^uv, to preserve] . The product of the distilla- tion of wood-tar, consisting of a mixture of phenol-com- pounds. It is an inflammable oily liquid, differing in this respect from carbolic acid. It does not coagulate albumin or collodion. Most of the commercial cre- asote consists of carbolic acid or contains a large per- centage of it. It is valuable for its antiseptic, astrin- gent, styptic, anesthetic, and escharotic properties. CREATIC 339 CREST Dose n\j-iij . Beechwood Creasote , from Fagus syl- vatica, is best for internal use. Dose t\j, every three hours. C, Aqua, a one per cent, solution. Dose 3J-iv. C.-bath. See £atk. C, Mistura (B.P.). Dose !5J-ij. C.-oil, Heavy Oil, the third main frac- tion in the coal-tar distillation-process. It is collected at temperatures of from 230° to 270° C. , or until the anthracene commences to distil. The oil has a green- ish-yellow color, and is very fluorescent, and becomes progressively more so upon exposure to light and air. The odor is unpleasant and extremely characteristic. The oil is heavier than water, and contains naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, phenol, cresol, etc. It is used mainly in the creasoting or preservation of timber ; it is also used as a fuel, and for the production of illu- minating gas, as a lubricant, and for the production of lampblack. C, Unguentum (B.P.), for local appli- cation. C, Vapor (B.P.), for inhalation. Creatic {kre-at'-ik) [/c/jEaf, flesh]. Relating to flesh. See Kreatinin. C. Nausea, a loathing of flesh as food. Creatin (kre'-at-in) [(cp^af, flesh], C^HgNjOj. A neu- tral organic substance that occurs in the animal organ- ism", especially in the juice of muscles. It crystallizes with one molecule of water in glistening prisms, which, heated to 100°, sustain a loss of water. It has a faintly bitter taste and dissolves rather readily in boiling water. It dissolves with difficulty in alcohol and yields crys- talline salts with one equivalent of acid. Creatinin {kre-af -in-iri) [/cpcaf, flesh], C4H,N30. An alkaline substance, a normal constituent of urine. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms, and is a strong base. It is much more soluble than creatin. Crebricostate (kreb-re-kos' -taf) \creber, close ; casta, rib]. In biology, characterized by closely-set ridges. Crebrisulcate [kreb-re-sul' -kat ) \creber, close ; sulcus, a furrow] . In biology, marked by closely -set furrows. Crebruria (kreb-ru'-re-ah) [creber, close together ; ovpov, urine]. Frequent micturition. Creclie [krdsh) [Fr., a crib]. See Infant Shelter. Crede's Method [kre-da'). See Treatment, Methods of. C. Operation. See Operations, Table of. Credivite [kra-div-it-a') [Fr.]. See Hypnotism. Creeping Sickness (krip'-ing sik'-nes). The gangren- ous form of ergotism. Cremaster [kre-mas' -ter) \K.ptfiasi.v, to support]. The muscle that draws up the testis. See Muscles, Table of. Cremasteric [kre-mas-ter' -ik) \Kpejmsiv, to support]. Pertaining to the cremaster muscle. C. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. Cremation (kre-ma' -shun) [cremare, to bum]. The destruction of the body by burning, as distinguished from interment. Cremator {kre-ma' -tor) \cremare, to burn]. A crema- tory, q. V. C, Engle System, a variety of cremator for the destruction of garbage, in which the smoke and gases generated by the destruction of the waste material are consumed by a second fire. Crematory {krem' -at-or-e) [cremare, to bum]. An establishment for burning the bodies of the dead, or for consuming garbage and other refuse matter. Cremnitz White. Same as White Lead. Cremocarp [krem'-o-karp) [Kpefidv, to hang; napirbQ, fruit]. The peculiar capsular fruit of the natural order Umbelliferce. Cremor (kre'-mor) [cremor, broth]. Cream. Any thick substance formed on the surface of a liquid. C. tartari, cream of tartar. Crena (kre'-nah) [L.]. A notch, especially such a notch as is seen on the sutural margins of the cranial bones. Crenate {kre'-nat), or Crenated {kre'-na-ted) [crena, a notch]. Notched or scalloped. In botany, leaves that are serrated. See Crenation. Crenation (kre-na' -shuri) [crena, a. notch]. A notched or mulberry appearance of the red corpuscles of the blood ; it may be spontaneous or due to poisoning with Calabar bean, etc. Crenic Acid [kre'-nik). See Acid. Crenothrix [kren-oth' -riks) [npiivri, a spring ; ^pif , hair]. A genus of Schizomycetes the filaments of which are enveloped in a gelatinous sheath. C. kuhniana, abundant in fresh waters ; when putrefied it gives drinking-water a very bad taste, but the rSle attributed to it in the production of typhoid fever is unjustified. Crenulate (kren'-u-ldt) [crena, a notch]. Finely crenate. Creolin [kre'-o-lin) [upta^, flesh ; oleum, oil] . A coal- tar product deprived of carbolic acid. It is hemostatic and highly antiseptic, and is more active than car- bolic acid in pure cultures of pathogenic microbes, but less efficacious in putrefying masses. It is an excel- lent non-poisonous deodorizer, used in a two per cent, solution or a five per cent, ointment with lanolin. It is used internally in typhoid fever and catarrh of the bladder in five-drop doses. Creosol [kre'-o-sol\ See Creasol. Creosote (kre'-o-sot). See Creosote. C.-bush, Larrea mexicana, an odorous and resinous shrub of the Pacific States and Mexico. It is a local remedy for rheumatism and for wounds and sores. Unof. Crepitant [krep' -it-ant) [crepitare, to crackle]. Pos- sessing the character of crepitus. C. R^le. See Rale and Breath-sounds. Crepitation (krep-it-a'-shun). Crepitus [krep' -it-us) [crepitare, to crackle] . The noise produced by escap- ing flatus. The grating of fractured bones. The crackling of the joints. The noise produced by pres- sure upon tissues containing an abnormal amount of air or gas, as in cellular emphysema. Also the pecu- liar murmur of respiration observed in pneumonia dur- ing inspiration. It closely resembles the sound pro- duced by rubbing the hair between the fingers held close to the ear. C, Redux, a crepitant rale heard in pneumonia during the stage of resolution; usually the first manifestation of the recession of the disease. Cresalol (kres' -al-ol) [cresol ; salol"], C5Hj.OH.COO.- CgHj. CHj. Salicylate of cresol. It possesses antisep- tic properties very similar to those of salol. Dose gr. iv in water from one to eight times daily. Unof Crescent (kres'-ent) [crescere, to grow]. Shaped like the moon in its first quarter. A name given to one form of the malarial hematozoon. C. of Gianuzzi. Groups of non-secreting cells in the acinus of a gland, pushed to one side by the secreting cells. C, Myopic. See Myopia. C. Operation. See Operations, Table of. Crescentia (kres-en' -she-ah ) [crescere, to grow] . A genus of bignoniaceous trees and shrubs. C. alata, of tropieal Asia and America, affords leaves that are useful in hemoptysis, and the fruit is employed in pul- monary diseases. The pulp of the West Indian C. cujete is similarly used. Unof. Cresol (kre'-sol) [Kpka^, flesh; oleum, oil], CjHgOj, Cresylic acid ; a body obtained from the distillation of coal-tar. It is a colorless, caustic liquid, with prop- erties similar to those of phenol, but is superior as an antiseptic. Unof Cresolin [kres' -o-liti) [Kpeac, flesh ; oleum, oil]. A proprietary preparation used as a disinfectant in diph- theria, etc. Cresosulphuric Acid (kres-o-sul-fu'-rik). See Acid. Crest [krest) [crista, a crest]. The surmounting part of any bone, organ, or process. C, Frontal, a ridge CRESTI'S TEST 340 CROCKER'S CALAMIN LINIMENT along the middle line of the internal surface of the frontal bone. C. of Ilium, the thickened and expanded upper border of the ilium. C, Lachrymal, a vertical ridge dividing the external sutface of the lachrymal bone into two parts. C, Nasal, a crest on the internal border of the nasal bone and forming part of the septum of the nose. C, Neural, a series of swellings along each side of the rudimentary spinal cord in the embryo from which the spinal nerves are developed. C, Occipital, a vertical ridge on the ex- ternal surface of the occipital bone extending from the occipital protuberance to the foramen magnum. C. of Pubes, a crest extending from the spine to the inner extremity of the pubes. C. of Tibia, the prominent border or ridge on the front of the tibia ; the shin. C. , Turbinated, a prominent horizontal ridge on the internal surface of the palate bone. C, Urethral. See Verumontanum. Cresti's Test. See Tests, Table of. Cresylic Acid [kres-il'-ik). See Cresol Creta (kre'-tah) [L.]. Chalk. See Calcium. Cretaceous {kre-ta' -she-us) [freto, chalk]. Chalky; abounding in calcium carbonate. Cretefaction (kre-te-fak' -shun). See Calcification. Cretin (kre'-tin) [Fr. , critin, a simple-minded person]. A person affected with cretinism. Cretinism (kre' -tin-izm) [Fr., crttin, a simple-minded person]. The condition of a cretin. Also an en- demic disease, characterized by goiter and a condition of physical, physiologic, and mental degeneracy and non-development. The subjects of this disease sel- dom reach five feet in height. C. , Sporadic, the congenital form of myxedema, characterized by ab- sence of the thyroid gland, diminutiveness of size, thickness of neck, shortness of arms and legs, prom- inence of abdomen, large size of face, thickness of lips, large and protruding tongue, and imbecility or idiocy. It is popularly supposed that coitus during intoxication is a cause of this condition. Cretinoid (kre'-tin-oid) \_crHin, a simple-minded per- son]. I. Resembling a cretin ; resembling cretinism. 2. A person who resembles a cretin. Creuse's Test. See Tests, Table of. Crewels {kroo'-eh) \lf t., (crouelles, scroiyAa."]. Syno- nym of Scrofula. Crib {krib) [ME., crib, a manger]. A small frame with inclosed sides for a. child's bed. 2. A st^U for cattle. C. Biting. See Cribbing and Wind- sucking. Cribbmg (krib'-ing) [ME., crib, a manger]. The pe- culiar wearing of a horses' teeth, due to a habit of biting his crib or manger, and at the same time suck- ing air into the stomach. Cribriform [krib' -re-form) [cribrum, a. sieve; forma, form]. Similar to a sieve in being perforated, as the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. Cribrose [krib'-ros) l_cribrum , a sieve']. In biology, sieve-like. Crick (irik) [ME., OT.r,4^, a twist in the neck]. Any painful spasmodic aBfection, as of the back or neck. Crico- (kri'-ko-) [/cpiVof, a ring] . A prefix denoting connection with the cricoid cartilage. Cricoid [kri'-koid) [Kpi/coc, a ring]. Ring-shaped. C. Cartilage. See Cartilages of the Larynx. Cricothyroid [kri-ko-thi' -roid) Ixp'tKog, a ring ; dvpeo- eiS^;, shield-shaped]. Pertaining to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. C. Artery, a small branch of the superior thyroid, crossing the cricothyroid mem- brane. It is of much surgical importance. See Arteries, Table of. C. Membrane, a ligamentous membrane that lies between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. C. Muscle. See Muscles, T'able of. Cricotomy [kri-kot'-o-me) \jtpiK0Q, ring ; ri/iveen, to cut]. Surgical laryngotomy by cutting through the cricoid cartilage. Criminal (krim' -in-al) [^crimen, a crime]. Of the nature of crime. C. Abortion. See Abortion. C. Assault. See Assault. CnramaXogy [krim-in-al'-o-je). See Criminology. Criminology [krim-in-ol' -o-je) [crimen, crime ; Uyog, science]. The' science of crime and of criminals ; criminal anthropology ; the study of crime as a branch of morbid psychology. Crino [kri'-no) [crinis, hair: pi., Crinones]. i. A skin-affection of infants supposed to be due to the presence of a hair-worm. 2. Same as Comedo. Crinosin {krin' -o-sin) [crinis, hair]. A nitrogenized fat from brain-substance, crystallizing in hair-like threads. Cripple (krip'-l) [ME. , crifiel, a. paralytic]. One who is unable to walk or to use his members normally. Cripps' Operations. See Operations, Table of . Crisis (kri'-sis) [npiaiq, a decisive point : pi. , Crises']. The turning-point in a disease , fever, time of life, etc., and in disease, marking a change either for the better or worse. C. clitoridiennes, periods of voluptuous excitement in women suffering with tabes dorsalis, ac- companied by vaginal secretion, analogous to the violent erections and spermatorrhea found in men in the initiar stages of tabes. C. gastriques, Charcot's term for certain gastric symptoms sometimes encount- ered in the course of progressive locomotor ataxia. The symptoms are shooting pains in . the groin and abdomen, ending finally in gastralgia, pains in the shoulders and arms, a quick pulse, and often vertigo and vomiting. C, Laryngeal, paroxysmal spasm of the larynx sometimes observed in cases of posterior spinal sclerosis. Crispate (kris'-pdt) [crispatus, curl]. In biology, crisped on the margin. Crista [kris'-tah) [L.]. Same as Crest. C. acustica, a yellow elevation projecting into the equator of the ampulla of the ear. C. fornicis, the crest of the fornix ; a half-oval or semi-globular mass on the pos- terior surface of the fornix of the brain. C. galli, cock's crest, the superior triangular process of the ethmoid bone C. helicis, spina helicis ; a projec- tion of the helix above the external auditory meatus. C. spiralis, a crest of the limbus of the ear over- hanging the internal spiral sulcus of Waldeyer. C. urethralis. See Verumontanum. Critchett's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Crith [krith) [KpSi), barley-corn]. The assumed unit of mass and weight for hydrogen, and hence for gases generally. It is .0896 of a gram or 1.37 grains. Critical (krit'-ik-al ) [Kpiaig, a decisive point] . I . Per- taining to a crisis in disease, period of life, etc. 2. A qualification applied to temperature and to pressure in relation to gases. Crocein Scarlet {kro'-se-in skar'-let). See Pigments, Conspectus of. Crochet {kro-sha') [Fr., dim. of croc, a hook]. A hook. C. of Uncinate Gyrus, the narrow portion of the uncinate gyrus at its anterior extremity which is reversed in the form of a hook. Crocin (/Sro'-«K), CijHijOj. Polychroit ; the coloring- matter of Saffron. It is a deliquescent, orange-red, amorphous substance , odorless, with a sweetish taste, freely soluble in water and diluted alcohol. Crocitin [kro' -sit-in). A coloring-substance of saffron ; a red powder, easily soluble in alcohol, but not in water or ether. Crocker's Calamin Liniment. A liniment used in the treatment of dermatitis. It consists of prepared CROCONIC ACID 341 CRUSO-CREATININ calamin powder, 2 scruples ; powdered zinc oxid, ^ dram ; olive oil and lime-water each one ounce. It is applied on soft rags. Crocus [kriZ-ktis) [xpii/cof, crocus, saffron]. Saffron. The stigmata of the flowers of C. sativus. (This should not be confounded with American Saffron, Carthamus tinctorius.) It is an aromatic stimulant and emmena- gogue, commonly used as a cooling-agent. C, Tinct., lo per cent, in strength. Dose 3J-ij ; of the drug, gr. v-xx, in infusion. Crocydismus (kro-sid-h' -mus) \KpoKoSiX,uv, to pick at]. Same as Carphology. Croft's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Crooke's Tube. A highly exhausted vacuum-tube used in producing X-rays. Crop {krop) \)&&.,crop, the craw of a bird]. The craw or pouch of the esophagus of a bird. C. -bound, a disease of poultry in which the fowls are unable to pass the food from the crop into the gizzard, and the former becomes filled with food, hanging like a bag in front of the bird. Crosby's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Cross (kros') [crux, a cross]. In biology, a cross-breed in plants, the result of cross-fertilization. C. -birth, shoulder-presentation, or other presentation requiring version. C. -circulation. See Circulation. C.-eye. See Strabismus. C. -fertilization, in biology, the fer- tilization of the ovules of one species by the seed- germs of another. C.-knee. See Genu valgum. C.-leg, a deformity that sometimes follows double hip-joint disease ; the legs are crossed in walking. C. -legged Progression, a method of walking in which one foot gets over or in front of the other. It is a symptom of certain cord-lesions. Crossed (krosd) [crux, a cross]. Having the shape of a cross. Applied to alternate sides of the body. C. Anesthesia. See Anesthesia. C. Hemiplegia. See Stauroplegia. C. Paralysis. See Paralysis. C. Reflexes, an exception to the usual law of reflex movements, in which, c.^., excitation of one fore-limb induces movement in the opposite hind-limb. See Reflexes, Table of. Ciotailm (ikro'-tal-in) [/cfi(}TaAoi>, a rattle]. An albumin- ous body contained in the poison of the cobra. It is not coagulable by heat at 212° C. Crotalus [kro' -ial-us) [icpdraXov, a rattle]. A genus of serpents, including the typical rattlesnakes. C. Poison. The virus of the rattlesnake, used as a remedy by homeopathists. Crotchet (kroch'-et) [ME., crochett, a little hook]. A hook used in extracting the fetus after craniotomy. Croton [kro' -ton) [Kpdrav, a tick]. A great genus of euphorbiaceous plants. C. eleuteria, yields cascarilla. C. tiglium, croton oil ; C. niveus, a part of the pro- duct called copalche bark. C. Aldehyd, C4H5O, a compound obtained by the condensation of acetaldehyd when heated with dilute HCl, with water and zinc chlorid; it is a liquid, soluble in water, possessing an irritating odor ; it boils at from 104° to 105° and has a sp. gr. of 1.033 at 0°. In the air it oxidizes to cro- tonic acid. C. Chloral. See Chloral butylicum. C. Oil. See Tiglii, Oleum. Crotonol {kro' -ton-ol) [Kpdruv, a tick], CgH^O^. An acid, aromatic principle in croton oil, believed to be the vesicant constituent of the oil. Croup [kroop) [AS., kropan, to cry aloud]. Membran- ous croup ; pseudo-membranous croup ; true croup ; a disease of the larynx and trachea of children, prominent symptoms of which are a peculiar cough, and difficulty in breathing ; it is often accompanied by the development of a membranous deposit or exudate upon the parts. There is doubt as to the real nature of the disease, some contending that it is laryngeal diphtheria, while others believe it a special type of disease. See also Roup. C, Catarrhal, an affection of childhood characterized by paroxysms of intense dyspnea and a peculiar, ringing, metallic cough. C, False, catarrhal or spasmodic croup ; catarrhal laryn- gitis. C, Spasmodic. See C, Catarrhal. Crown {krown) [ME., crvwne, a crown]. See Corona. C. Glass, a kind of glass used in optics. C. Leather. See Leather. C.-setting, the operation of uniting an artificial crown to the root of a natural tooth ; the operation being commonly known by the misnomer "pivoting." C. of a Tooth, the exposed part of the tooth above the gums, covered with enamel. C.-wrork, the adaptation of an artificial crown of porcelain or gold op |he cervical portion of the natural root of a tooth. C.-yellow. Same as Chrome-yellow. Crucial (kru'-shal) [crux, a cross]. Resembling or pertaining to a cross, as a crucial incision. Cruciate (kru'-she-at) [crux, a cross]. In biology, shaped like a Greek cross. Crucible {kru'-sib-l) [fr«a^K/a>«, a melting pot]. A vessel of conical shape in which substances are ex- posed to the heat of a fire or furnace ; it is formed of clay or earthenware, porcelain, iron, black lead or plumbago or graphite, silver, gold or platinum. Crucifixion Attitude [kru-se-fik'-shun). See Atti- tude. Crucing {kru'-sing). See Block Teeth. Cruels [kroo'-elz). Synonym of Scrofula. Cruentin {kru-en' -tin) [cruentus, bloody]. A preci- pitate obtained by boiling defibrinated blood with strong HjSOj, adding water, and filtering. CruU's Line. See Line. Cruorin (kru'-or-in) [cruor, blood]. Synonym of Hemoglobin. Crupper (krup'-er) [Fr., croupe, the rump]. The but- tocks of a horse. C.-bone, the coccyx. Crura [kru'-rah) [Plural of cms, a leg]. A name ap- plied to certain parts of the body, from their resemb- lance to legs or roots. C. cerebelli, the peduncles of the cerebellum, superior, middle, and inferior. C. cerebri, the peduncles of the cerebrum. C. of Dia- phragm, the muscular bundles arising from the verte- brae, etc., and inserted into the central tendon. C. of Penis, the corpora cavemosi. Crural (kru'-ral) [crus, a leg]. Pertaining to the thigh. C. Arch. See Ligament. C. Hernia, fe- moral hernia. C. Ring, the femoral ring ; the upper opening of the temporal canal, bounded in front by Poupart's ligament and the deep crural arch, behind by the pubis, internally by Gimbernat's ligament, externally by a fibrous band separating it from the femoral ring. Crureus [kru'-re-us) [L.]. One of the muscles of the thigh. See Muscles, Table of. Crus [krus) [L.]. The leg; structures resembling a leg. See the plural. Crura. Cniso-creatinin (kru-so-kre-af -in-in), CjHgNjO. A leucomaine, isolated from muscle-tissue. In this and other leucomaines of the Creatinin Group, as well as in those of the Uric Acid Group, hydrocyanic acid plays an important part in the molecular structure of the bases. Very little is yet known as to the function of this Cyanogen Group in relation to the vital activ- ity of tissues, but recent investigations seem to show that the seat of the cyanogen-formation lies within the nucleated cell, and is intimately connected with the functions of the nuclein-molecule. A number of leucomaines of fresh muscle-tissue are credited with possessing an intensely poisonous action ; and, if this be the case, any accumulation of such bases in the CRUST 342 CRYSTALLIZED system, due to interference with elimination, may cause very serious disturbances. Crust [krust) [crusta, a crust]. An irregular, dried mass of exudation, or other effete products of dis- ease of the skin. It varies much in appearance, accord- ing to the condition that produces it. It may be adherent or loose, thin and flat, or thick and craggy, light-yellow or blackish in color. Crusta (krm'-tah) [L., a crust]. The ectal portion of the crus cerebri. C. lactea. See Achor. Also synonym for Eczema. C. petrosa, a thin layer of bone covering the fang of a tooth. C. phlogistica, the yellowish layer of the upper stratum of a blood- clot coagulating slowly. Crustaceorubrin [krus-ta-she-o-ru' -brin) \crustata, shell-fish ; ruber, red] . In biology a red coloring- matter of crustaceans. Crustaceous {krus-ta' -she-us) \crttsta, crust]. In biology, having a thin, hard, brittle, crust-like shell or coating. Crusted (krus'-ted) \_crusta, a crust]. Having crusts or scabs. C. Ringworm. Synonym of Favus. C. Scall. Synonym of Impetigo. Crusting (krus'-ting) [crusta, a. crust]. The formation of crusts or scabs. Crutch (kruch) [ME., crutche, a crutch]. A staff reaching from the axilla to the ground, for the pur- pose of aiding the progression of lame or crippled persons. C. Paralysis, paralysis of an upper extrem- ity due to the pressure of the crutch-head upon the nerves of the axilla. Cruveilhier's Atrophy. See Diseases, Table of. C. Disease. See Diseases, Table of. C. Fascia, the superficial layer of the perineal fascia. C. Plexus. See Plexuses, Table of. C. Paralysis. Same as C. Disease. Cry {kri) [ME., crien, to cry]. The utterance of an inarticulate vocal sound, or the sound so uttered ; the sound of the voice in lamentation. Cryesthesia {kri-es-the' -ze-ah) [/cpiiof, cold ; aicrBjjaii, sensation]. Undue sensitiveness to cold. Crypt {kript") \_kpv-kt7j, concealed]. A small sac or follicle. Crypts of Lieberktihn , minute tubular de- pressions of the mucous membrane of the small intes- tine. Crypta {krip'-tah) [kjoCittt;?, concealed : pi., Cryptce\ Same as Crypt. Cryptic [kripZ-tik) [^xpimTiKdc, hidden]. In biology, a term used in the study of mimicry, for such colors as enable the animal to escape enemies, or to approach its prey ; protective, procryptic ; aggressive, anticryp- tic resemblances. Similar effects may be produced by the use of foreign objects with which the animal covers itself to a greater or lesser extent, allocryptic. (Poul- ton.) Cryptidin (krip' -tid-in) \Kpimr6^, hidden], CjjHi^N. An alkaloid formed by the dry distillation of quinin. Cryptitis (krip-ti' -tis) [jipmTri , concealed ; jTjf, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of a crypt, or of crypts. C, Urethral, phlegmasia of the mucous follicles of the urethra. Cryptobranchiate {krip-to-brangk' -e-at') [/cpwrrdf, hid- den; ^pdy;);ia, gills]. In biology, having concealed gills. Cryptocephalus {Jirip-to-sef -al-us) [/cpuTrriif , hidden ; ne^akii, head]. A monster fetus with an imperfectly- formed and concealed head. Cryptodidymus [krip-to-did' -im-us) \kpvkt6(, hidden ; SiSvfioQ, twin]. A teratism in which one fetus is con- cealed within another. Cryptodirous (krip-to-di' -rus) [/c/juTrriif , hidden ; &upli, neck]. In biology, having a concealed neck. Cryptogam [krip' -to-gam) \_kpvwt6q, hidden ; ya/iof, marriage]. In biology, a general term applied to any plant below Phanerogamia ; any flowerless plant is called a cryptogam. Cryptogamia [krip-to-ga' -me-ah) lupvirrSg, hidden ; yd/ing, marriage]. A division of the vegetable king- dom comprising all plants with concealed sexual organs, without pistils or stamens. Cryptogamic (krip-to-gain' -ili). See Cryptogamous. Cryptogamous (krip-tog' -am-us) [/cpijjrriif , concealed ; yafio^, marriage]. Belonging to the cryptogamia; having the processes of the reproductive function ob- scured or concealed. Cryptogenetic (krip-to-jen-ef -ik) [^Kpyirrdg, concealed ; yEwaem, to beget]. Same as Cryptogamous. Cryptolith (krip'-to-lith) [KpvwTri, crypt ; AtSof , stone], A concretion or calculus formed within a crypt. Cryptophanic, or Kryptophanic Acid (krip-tofan'-ik) [(cpDTrriif, concealed; (paiveiv, to bring to light], Cj,, HjgN^OiQ. An acid said to occur in a free state in urine, though regarded by Landwehr as an animal gum. Cryptophthalmia {krip-toff-thal' -me-ah ). Same as Cryptophthalmos. Cryptophthalmos (krip-toff-thal' -mas') [/cpuirrtif, hid- den; b(pdaA/i6i, the eye]. i. Congenital union of the eyelids, usually over imperfect eyes. 2. A person who has congenital union of the eyelids. Cryptopia {krip-to' -pe-ali) . Same as Cryptopin, Cryptopin (krif -to-pin) [/cpuTrrdf , hidden ; hi^im, opium], CjiHj^NOj. One of the alkaloids of opium, colorless and odorless. It is said to be anodyne and hypnotic, but it is less safe than morphin. Dose, yi gr. Unof. Cryptopyic (krip-to-pi' -ik) [upmrrd^, hidden ; Triov, pus]. Characterized by concealed suppuration. Cryptorchid, or Cryptorchis (krip-tor' -kid, -kis) [kpvitt6q, hidden ; fipxT, testicle]. A person with retained testicles, i. e., not descended into the scrotum. Cryptorchidism [krip-tor' -kid-izm) \_k.pvitt6q, hidden ; opxi-s, testicle]. Retention of the testes in the abdom- inal cavity. Cryptorchism {krip-tor' -kizm). See Gryptorehidism. Cryptoscope [krip'-to-skop) [/CjOutttoc, hidden ; GKiijrelv, to inspect]. See Fluoroscope. Cryptozygous {krip-toz' -ig-us) \_KpnmT6^, hidden ; \vy6v, arch]. Having the dental arches or zygomata concealed from view when the skull is viewed from above. Crystal (kris'-tal) [/cpinrra/lAof , clear ice] . In chemis- try, a substance that assumes a definite geometric form. C, Charcot-Leyden. See Charcot- Leyden. C, Charcot's, minute colorless crystals found in the sputa of asthmatic and bronchitic patients and others. They are said to consist of tyrosin, or according to some, of mucin. C, Violet. See Pigments, Con- spectus of. Crystalli [kris-tal'-i). Synonym of Chicken-pox. Crystallin [kris' -tal-in) [/cptoTOAAof, clear ice]. The globulin of the crystalline lens. Crystalline {ktis'-tal-ln or -in) [KphajaKko^, crystal]. Like a crystal. C. Lens. See Lens. C. Swelling. See Soemmering. Crystallitis [kris-tal-V -tis) . See Phakitis. Crystallization (kris-tal-iz-a' -shun) [/cpOffTO/l/lof, ice]. The process by which the molecules of a substance arrange themselves in geometric forms when passing from a gaseous or a liquid to a solid state. C, Water of, the water of salts that cannot be extracted without destruction of their crystalline nature. Crystallized [kris'-tal-lzd) [/tpfJaraXAof, ice]. Formed into crystals. C. Green. Same as lodin Green. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 343 CUMBERLAND DISEASE Crystallography (kris-tal-og' -ra-fe) [^KpvaraXXog , crys- tal ; ypoAjiuv, to write]. The science of crystals, their formation, etc. Crystalloid (kris' -tal-oid) \KfAoTaXkoq, crystal ; eMof, likeness]. Having a crystalline structure, as distin- guished from colloid. In biology, one of the crystal- like proteid bodies found in seeds, tubers, etc. Ctenes [ten'-ez) [/crfvEf]. Incisor teeth. Ctenocyst (ten'-o-sist) [/cTCff {kjev) , comb ; Kvarig, a bladder]. In biology, applied to the auditory vesicles of ctenophorans. Ctenoid {ten'-oid) [ute'cq (/crev-), comb ; eWof, like]. In biology, pectinate or comb-like. Cubeb, or Cubeba (ku'-beb, or ku be' -bah) [Pars., ka- baba, cubeb : gen. , Cubebce]. The unripe fruit of Piper Cubeba, cultivated in Java. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, C^^^^, and an organic acid. It is an aromatic stimulant, diuretic in small doses, and is use- ful in affections of the bladder and urethra. It is a good remedy (applied by insufflation or smoked in cigarets) for diseases of the fauces, catarrh of the air-passages, etc. Dose gr. x-gij. C, Fid. Ext., alcoholic. Dose tr^v-xxx. C, Oleoresina, ethereal. Dose n^v-xxx. C, Ol., the volatile oil. Dose n^v- XX. C, Tinct., 20 per cent, in strength: Dose ri\,x- giij. C, Trochisci, oleoresin gr. yi, oil of sassafras §■'■ TTT^> ^"'^ °f glycyrrhiza gr. iv, acacia gr. ij, syr. of tolu q.s., in each troche. Dose j-iij. Cubebene {ku'-beb-in) [cubed], C^K^^. The light portion of the essential oil of cubebs. Cubebic Acid {ku-beb'-ik) [cubeb'], CiaHi^O,. A resi- nous acid body from cubebs ; actively diuretic and cathartic. Unof. Cubebin (ku-beb'-in) [cubeb], CioHj^Oj. An odor- less crystalline substance obtained from cubebs. Cubic {ku'-bik) [kv^oq, a cube]. Pertaining to a cube. C. Space (of air), the amount of space re- quired by persons in health and in disease. In hos- pitals about 1000 cubic feet to each patient is necessary for proper ventilation. Cubital (ku'-bit-al) [kv^o(, a cube]. Relating to the forearm, to the elbow, or to the ulna. Culiitocarpal ( ku' -bit-o-kar' -pal ) [ ro/Sof , a cube ; KapTv6(, the wrist]. Relating to the forearm and to the carpus. Cubitoradial ( ku' -bit-o-ra' -de-al) [ KiijSog, a cube ; radius, a staff]. Relating to both the ulna and the radius. Cubitus (ku' -bit-US) [cubitus, the elbow]. The fore- arm. Cubitus [ku'-bit-us) [cubare, to lie down]. A bed; a couch. Cuboid [ku'-boid] [101^0^, cube ; eMof, resemblance] . Resembling a cube. C. Bone, a bone of the foot situ- ated at the outer anterior part of the tarsus. Cuca (koo'-kaK). See Erytkroxylon. Cucullate (ku-kul'-at) [cucullus, a cap, hood]. In biology, hooded. Cucullus (ku-kul'-us) [L., a hood]. I. In biology, a hood-shaped formation of the head. 2. Synonym of Whooping-cough. Cucumber, Squirting. See Elaterium. Cucumis {ku' -kti-mis) [L., a cucumber]. A genus of plants. C. colocynthis. See Colocynth. Cucurbit [ku-ker'-bit) [cucurbita, a gourd]. I. A cupping-glass. [Old.] 2. The body of an alembic. Cucurbitation (Jtu-ker-bit-a' -shun') [cucurbitatio, a cupping]. The operation of cuppmg. Cud \kud) [AS., cudde]. The regurgitated food of ruminants. C.-weed (kud-wed). See Life Ever- lasting. Cudbear [kud'-bar) [After Dr. Cuthbert Gordon]. A purplish-red powder, nearly identical with Orchil, q.v. From it the Tinctura persionis , and Tinctura persionis composita, N. F. , are prepared. Both are used mainly in coloring various pharmaceutic preparations. See Pigments, Conspectus of. CuichunchuUi [Peruvian]. The root of lonidium parviflorum ; said to be diaphoretic, diuretic, siala- gogue, emetic, and cathartic ; it is useful in elephan- tiasis. Unof. Cuirass {kwe-ras') [Fr.]. A close-fitting or immovable bandage for the front of the chest. C. Cancer, a large, flat cancerous growth upon the front of the chest. Cul-de-sac {kul' -de-sak') [Fr. cul, the bottom ; de, of; sac, bag]. A cavity of the body closed at one end. Douglas's C, a pouch between the anterior wall of the rectum and-the posterior wall of the uterus, formed by the reflection of the peritoneum. It is called, also, the recto-uterine or retro-uterine cul-de-sac. Culex (ku'-leks) [L., a gnat]. A mosquito. A well- known insect that punctures the skin to obtain its food, the blood. See Parasites {Animal) , Table of. Culicifuge (ku-lis' -if-aj) [culex, a gnat ; fugare, to drive away]. An agent that prevents the biting of mosqui- toes ; as oil of pennyroyal. Cullen's Theory. A theory as to the origin of gout, which he claims to be primarily an affection of the nervous system. Culm [kulm) [culmus, a stalk]. In biology, a hollow- jointed stem. Culmen [kul' -men) [L. , the summit]. The cacumen ; a portion of the cerebellum situated to the cephalic side of the vermis. In biology, the highest middle lengthwise line of the bill of a bird. Cultrate (kul'-trat) [cutter, a knife]. Sharp-edged; also cultriform. Cultriform [kul' -triform) [cutter, a knife ; forma, shape]. See Cultrate. Culture [kul' -chur) [colo, cultum, to till, cultivate]. A name loosely and indiscriminately applied to the act, the liquid or solid medium used, and the product of the process, in culture-experiments upon microorganisms. The culture-media are of various kinds; mineral liquids (see Paulin's Liquid, Cohn^s Liquid, etc.), bouillons of various kinds, gelatinous fluids, gelose, potato, serum, etc. These media are .first sterilized, usually by heat (see Oven, Sterilization), but possibly also by chemicals, by filtration, by cold, by steam, etc. The infectious matter is then taken upon a sterilized plati- num needle-point, pipet, or other instrument, and transferred to the culture-medium. When the latter is of semi-solid consistency, as gelatin, the inoculation by the needle is called Stab-culture, Stichcultur (Ger.), or par piqAre (Fr.)., the needle being thrust into the substance. When smeared over the surface, it is called smear-culture, Strichcultur (Ger.), or en stries (Fr.). The macroscopic features of the sub- sequent development give important means of differ- entiation. For example, when the inoculated matter forms a mass in the medium, pointed below and rising like a nail-head above, it is called en clou, nail-shaped. Then the medium may be liquefied or not, variously colored, peculiarly changed, sediment deposited or not, etc. Subsequent microscopic examination of the cul- ture-product, inoculation-experiments upon animals, etc., complete the study. Culture-bulbs, culture-cells, culture-fluids, culture-media, culture-ovens, culture- tubes, etc., are among the equipments of the bacteri- ologist. C.-oven. See Oven. Culver's Physic, or Root [kul'-verz fiz'-ik or root) See Leptandra. Cumberland Disease. An Australian term for An thrax, q. v. CUMENE 344 CURD Cumene (ku'-mln) \cuminum, cumin], CjHjj. Iso- propyl benzene ; a compound made by distilling cumic acid with lime. It boils at 153° C. , and its specific gravity at 0° C. is o. 879. Cumic (ku'-mik ) [cuminum, cumin] . Derived from or pertaining to cumin. C. Acid. See Acid. C. Aldehyd. See Cuminol. Cumidin {ku'-mid-in) \cuminum, cumin], CgHjjN. A methylated homologue of anilin. It melts at 63° C, boils at 235° C. C.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Cumin (ku'-min) [cuminum, cumin]. A fennel-like, cultivated, umbelliferous plant, Cuminum cyminum, found native in Egypt and Syria. The fruit is agreeably aromatic and possesses vfell-marked stim- ulating and carminative propertiesT Its active prin- ciple is an oil. Cuminol {ku'-min-ol) [cuminum, cumin ; oleum, oil], CjjHjjO. Ciraiic aldehyd, occurs in Roman cara- way oil, and in oil of Cicuta virosa, or water hemlock, etc. It possesses an aromatic odor and a burning taste, has a specific gravity of 0.973 *' '3° '-•■> ^"^ boils at 235° C. (430° F.). Cumulative [ku' -mu-la-tiv) \cumulare, to heap up]. Increasing ; adding to. C. Action, or Effect, the production of a noteworthy and sudden result, after the administration of a considerable number of com- paratively ineffective doses. The possible cumulative effect of certain drugs is one of the sources of danger that attend their administration. Cumulus [ku'-mu-lus) [L., a heap]. A heap or mound. C. ovigerus. See Ovule. Cundurango [kun-du-ran' -go). See Condurango. Cuneate {ku'-ne-dt) [cuneus, a wedge]. Wedge- shaped. Cuneiform {ku-ne^-if-orm) \cuneus, a wedge ; forma, shape]. Wedge-shaped, cuneate. C. Bones, three wedge-shaped bones at the anterior part of the tarsus. C. Columns. See Columns of Burdach. Cuneihysterectomy [ku-ne-i-his-ter-ek' -to-me) [cuneus, wedge; varipa, the womb; CKTO/ii/, a cutting out]. The excision of a wedge-shaped piece of uterine tis- sue, a procedure that has been advocated in the treat- ment of anteflexion of the uterus. Cuneus (ku'-ne-us) [L., a wedge]. I. A wedge. 2. A wedge-shaped gyrus on the mesial aspect of the occipital lobe. Cunicular (ku-nik' -u-lar) [kxAvuOm^, a subterranean passage]. Furrowed. Cuniculate {ku-nik' -u-ldt). Same as Cunicular. Cuniculus [ku-nik' -u-lus) [L.]. The burrow of the itch-insect. Cumin (ku-ni'-lah) [L., a plant]. A genus of labiate plants of the U. S. C. mariana, dittany ; a labiate plant of N. America. It is aromatic, carminative, and gently stimulant. Unof. Cunisset's Test. Set'Tests, Table of . Cunnilinguist (kun-i-ling' -gwist) [cunnus, the vulva ; lingere, to lick]. One who practices licking the vulva. See Passivism. Cunnus [kun'-us) [L. : gen., Cunni']. The vulva. Cup {ku}) [AS., cuppe,& cup]. I. To bleed. 2. A cupping-glass. C, Dry, a cup for drawing the blood to the surface merely. C., Favus, a depression in a favus scale surrounding a hair. C, Physiologic. See Funnel, Vascular. C, Wet, a cup for abstract- ing blood through incisions in the skin. Cuphosis [ku-fo'-sis). See Kyphosis. Cupola (ku'-po-laK) [cupola, a dome]. The dome- shaped extremity of the canal of the cochlea. Also, the summit of a solitary gland of the small intestines. Cupped (kupt) [AS., cuppe, a cup]. Having the upper surface ' depressed ; applied to the coagulum of blood after phlebotomy. C. Disc, excavation of the fundus oculi , normally present in slight degree, but pathologic if excessive. Cupping (kup'-ing) [AS., cuppe, & cup]. A method of blood-derivation by means of the application of cup- ping-glasses to the surface of the body. C, Dry, without the abstraction of blood — a form of counter- irritation. This is used mainly in inflammatory affec- tions of the lung. C. -glass, a small bell-shaped glass capable of holding three to four ounces, in which the air is rarefied either by heat or exhaustion, and the glass applied to the skin, either with or without scarifica- tion of the latter. C, Wet, with the abstraction of blood after scarification. Cuprea Bark [ku'-pre-ah) [cupreus, coppery ; ME., barke, bark]. The bark of certain species of Remijia, q. v. ; it affords quinin and the associated alkaloids. Cuprum (ku'-prum) [L.; gen., Cupri']. See Copper. Cupule [ku'-pul) [cupula, & little cup]. In biology, a cup-shaped organ, as an acorn-cup, or the sucking apparatus of an insect's foot. Curafao [ku-ra-so') [Island of Ca?-afao, north of Vene- zuela]. A cordial or elixir prepared from brandy^ and variously flavored, principally with orange-peel. It is sometimes used as a vehicle for certain medicines. Cura9oa [ku-ras-o' -ah\. See Curafao. Cuiage [ku-rakzA') [F1.I. Curettage; cleansing of the eye, or of an ulcerated or carious surface. Curara {koo-rah'-rah). Curare (koo-rah-re) , Curari [koo-rah' -re) [S. Am.]. Woorara. Urari. A vege- table extract obtained frbra Paullinia curare and certain members of the Strychnos family. It is a powerful paralyzant of the motor nerves. Its active principle is Curarin, Cj„H,.N [Preyer), dose gr. Jff5~Tl7Ti) hypodermatically. It is used in S. America and elsewhere as an arrow-poison. Toxic doses cause death by paralysis of the organs of respira-' tion. It has been reported eff^ectual in two cases of hydrophobia, and has been successful in the treatment of tetanus. Dose by hypodermatic injection gr. ^j-i. Injectio Curare Hypodermatica, 5 grains in 60 minims. Dose Tt\_j-vj. Curarin [koo-rah' -rin). See Curara. Curarism, Curarization {koo-rah' -rizm, koo-rah-riz-a'- shun) [S. A., ctirare']. The state of one subjected to the full influence of curare by hypodermatic injection. The voice and power of motion are generally abol- ished, but not the sensibility to pain. Curatio [ku-ra' -she-o) [cura, care] . The treatment and nursing of a patient. Curative {ku'-rat-iv) [cura, care]. Having a healing tendency. Curb (kerb) [ME., courben. to bend]. A hard and callous swelling on various parts of a horse' s leg, as the hinder part of the hock, the inside of the hoof, etc. Curcas (ker'-kas). See Barbadoes Nut. Curcuma [ker'-ku-mah) [L.]. Turmeric. The rhizome of Curcuma longa of India. Its action is similar to that of ginger. It is employed as a yellow dye ; in chemistry, as a test for alkalies ; and in pharmacy, occasionally, to color ointments and other preparations. Curcumin (ker' -ku-min) [curcuma, saffron], CjjH^Oj. The coloring-matter of turmeric ; it crystallizes in orange-yellow prisms, and melts at 177° C. It dis- solves in the alkalies to brownish-red salts. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Curd (kerd) [ME., curd, curds]. The coagulum of milk that separates on the addition of rennet or an acid. CURDLING FERMENT, TEST FOR 345 CUSCO BARK Curdling Ferment, Test for. See Tests, Table of. Cure [kiir) \cura, care]. The successful treatment of a disease ; also, a system of treatment. See Faith- cure, Mind-cure, Grape-cure, Water-cure (see Hydro- pathy), Bunger-cure, Rest-cure, etc. C.-all, a Pana- cea, q. V. C. , Herb-juice, a method of treating certain intestinal and gastric troubles. It consists in drinking daily the fresh juice of various herbs and wild plants. C, Potato, Cameron's method of treating foreign bodies in the alimentary tract by the ingestion of mashed potatoes. The body becomes imbedded in the potato-mass that is formed. C, Shaking-, See Shaking-cure. Curet (ku-ref) [Fr.]. An instrument shaped like a spoon or scoop, for detaching substances from one another, as the placenta from the uterine wall, etc. Curettage [ku-ret'-dj). See Curage. Curling's Operation. See Operations, Table of. C. Ulcer. See Ulcer and Diseases, Table of. Currant [ker'-ant) [ME.]. I. Uva passa minor ; the small, dried, seedless grapes of Greece ; formerly used in pharmacy. 2. The fruit of various species of Ribes, as R. nigrum, the black currant, preparations of which have long been employed in the home- treatment of sore-throats. Unof. C. -jelly Clot, a soft variety of clot seen in thrombi, the fibrin being stained by the presence of red cells. Current (ker'-ent ) \currere, to run] . In electricity, a term applied to the transference of electric force, which is arbitrarily likened to the flow of a liquid in a confined passage. C, Action, the physiologic current obtained during the activity of a muscle or nerve. C, After, a current produced in nervous or muscular tissue when a constant current which has been flowing through the same has been stopped. C, Alternating, a term applied to a current which, by means of an interrupter, is alternately direct and reverse. This current is employed (in New York] for the execution of capital sentences. C, Ascending, the current formed by placing the positive electrode upon the periphery of a nerve and the negative upon the surface over the nerve-center in the spinal cord. C, Axial, a current passing through a nerve in the direction opposite to that taken by the normal impulse. C, Battery, a galvanic current. C, Blood, the stream of blood as it flows from and back to the heart. C.,Centrifugal,a descending current . C . , Centripetal, an ascending current. C, Constant. See C, Con- tinuous. C, Continuous, a constant, uninterrupted current in one direction. C, Critical, the current at which a certain result is reached. C, Demarcation, the muscle-current of Du Bois Reymond ; the current obtained from an injured muscle. C, Derived, a cur- rent drawn off by a derivation-wire from the main cur- rent. C, Descending, one passing through a nerve centrifugally, the anode being placed proximally, the cathode distally. C, Diffusion of, the power of a galvanic current to extend its influence in all direc- tions, the same power never being limited to the two electrodes. C, Direct, a current constant in direction, in contradistinction to an alternating current. C, Electrotonic, in electro-therapeutics, a current due to internal polarization in the nerve-fiber between the conducting core of the nerve and the enclosing sheath. C, Faradic, the current produced by an in- duction-coil, or by a magneto-electric machine. C, Franklinic, a term sometimes used in electro-thera- peutics for a current produced by the action of a fric- tional electric machine. C, Galvanic, a current generated by the decomposition of acidulated water by means of metallic plates. C, Induced. See C, Secondary. C, Interrupted, a current that is alter- nately opened and closed. C, Inverse, an ascending or centripetal current. C, Labile, moving one or both electrodes over the surface treated. C, Muscu- lar or Nerve, Alteration Theory of, a theory pro- posed by L. Hermann , in which the currents of nerve or muscular fibers are regarded as a result of their altera- tion from any original condition ; Molecular Theory of, a theory proposed by Du Bois Reymond, according to which every nerve or muscular fiber is regarded as composed of a series of electro-motive molecules ar- ranged in series and surrounded by a neutral conduct- ing fluid. C. , Reversed, that produced by changing the poles. C, Secondary, a momentary current produced when a coil of insulated wire is introduced within the field of another coil, through which a con- tinuous current is passing. When the coil is removed from the field there is a momentary current in the op- posite direction. C, Secretion, a current following stimulation of the secretory nerves. C.-selector, a device for altering the strength of a current. C, Stabile, a current applied with both electrodes in a fixed position. C, Swelling, one that begins weak and is gradually made stronger, and again gradually diminished. C, To and Fro, a Faradic current. C, Voltaic, the continuous current. Curry (ker'-e) [Canarese, kart], A sauce, originally Anglo-Indian, containing turmeric, coriander, capsi- cum, garlic, ginger, etc. ; it is much employed as a relish or appetizer, especially in warm countries ; also, a dish seasoned Tvith the foregoing. Curschmann's Spirals. Corkscrew-like threads of mucin contained in the small, thick pellets that are expectorated during or at the close of an asthmatic paroxysm. They are supposed to be casts of the bronchioles, and have also been seen in simple bron- chitis and in pneumonia. C. Theory. See Bronchio- litis exudativa. Curtate {ker'-tat ) \curtatus, shortened] . See Expecta- tion of Life. C. Bxpectation. ?ie,& Expectation of Life. Curtman's Test. See Tests, Table of. CurvaitVire [ker' -vat-ur) [curvare , io carvt\. A bend- ing or curving. C, Angular. See Spondylitis. C, Potts', angular curvature of the spine, with a posterior projection. C. of Spine. See Caries, Kyphosis, Scoliosis. Curve (kerv) \curvus, bent]. A bending or flexure. C. of Carus, in obstetrics, a portion of the arc of a circle the circumference of which lies in the median line of the pelvis, the center being at the symphysis pubis ; the curve is that part of the arc that lies between the planes of the inlet and the outlet. Curvicaudate (ker-ve-kaw' -ddt ) \curvus, curved ; Cauda, a tail]. In biology, having a curved tail. Curvidentate [ker-ve-aen' -tat ) \^curvus, curved ; dens, tooth]. In biology, having curved teeth. Curvifoliate {ker-ve-fo'-le-at ) [curvus, curved ; folium, leaf]. In biology, having curved leaves. Curvinervate (ker-ve-ner' -vat) [curvus, curved; nervus, nerve]. In biology, applied to leaves the veins of which are curved and nearly parallel in their course. Curvirostral {ker-ve-ros' -tral) \curvus, curved; roj- /?-«»«, beak]. In biology, having a crooked bill or beak. Curvoisier and Von Hacker's Method. See Opera- tions, Table of. Cusack's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Cuscamidin (kus-kam' -id-iri) \cusco ; amid"]. A sub- stance found in Cinchonas. Cuscamin {kus' -kam-iti) \_cusco ; amin\ A crystalline substance found in Cinchonas. Cusco Bark (kus'-ko bark). A kind of cinchona; the bark of a variety of Cinchona pubescens. CUSCONIDIN 346 CYANOGEN Cusconidin (kics-kon'-id-in) \cusco\. An alkaloid found in Cinchonas. Cusconin [kus' -ko-nin) \ciisco\, C^jH^gNjOj. A crys- talline alkaloid found in Cinchona bark. Cushing's Operation. See Operations , Table of. Cushion (kush'-un] [ME., cuschone, a cushion]. A soft body used as a pillow, for the purpose of reclin- ing or sitting. Cusp [kusp) \_cuspis, a point]. The pointed crown of a tooth. Cusparia Bark (kus-pa' -re-ah bark). See Angustura. Cuspid Teeth (kus'-pid). The four teeth that have conical crowns. They are situated, one on each side, in each jaw, between the lateral incisor and first bicuspid. Cuspidate (kus' -pid-at) \cuspis, a point] . In biology, tipped with a sharp, rigid point. Cuspidatus (kus-pid-a' -tus) \cuspis, a point: //. , Ctts- pidaH'\. A cuspid tooth. Cuspidor (kus'-pid-or) [Pg-, cuspidor, a spittoon]. A spittoon; a vessel for receiving the ejecta from the mouth. C, Sanitary, a small pasteboard or wooden cup with a cover supported in a rim of metal. These cuspidors should contain some water or disinfecting solution, and at the end of the day should be thrown into the fire. They are used to prevent the dissem- ination of the germs of tuberculosis. Cusso [kus'-so). See Brayera and Kooso. Cut (kut) [ME., cutten, to cut]. To incise, as with a knife. To castrate. An incision. In biology, a cleft. C. -velvet. See Velvet. Cutaneous [ku-ta' -ne-us) [cutis, the skin]. Pertaining to the skin. C. Calculus. See Milium. C. Em- physema. See Emphysema. C. Horns. See Cornu cutaneum. C. Respiration, the transpiration of gases through the skin. Cutch (kuch) [Anglo.-Ind.]. I. A name given to Catechu, the dried extract from Acacia catechu, cul- tivated in India and Burmah, and containing 45 to 55 per cent, of a special variety of tannic acid (catechu- tannic or mimotannic). It is used in leather-manu- factures. 2. The tool, or book of parchment leaves, between which gold is beaten into foil. Cuticle (ku'-tik-l) [dim. of cutis, the skin]. The epi- dermis or scarf-skin. See Skin. Cuticula [ku-tik'-u-lah) [dim. of cutis, a skin]. The outer, finely lamellated layer of the wall of hydatid cysts. C. dentis, the cuticle of a tooth; Nasmyth's membrane ; the delicate homy envelop that covers the enamel of young and unworn teeth. Cuticular {ku-tik'-u-lar) \_cuiicula, dim. of cutis, the skin]. Belonging or pertaining to the skin. Cuticularization (ku-tik-u-lar-iz-a' -shun) [^cuticula, dim. of cutis, the skin] . The formation of a cuticula. Cutin [ku'-tin) [cutis, skin]. In biology, cork-sub- stance ; a modification of cellulose (Frimy), also called suberin. Cutipunctor [ku-te-punk' -tor) [cutis, skin ; punctor, puncturer] . An instrument for puncturing the skin. Cutis (ku'-tis) [L. ]. The derma, or true skin. C. anserina. See Goose Skin. C. pendula. Synonym of Dermatolysis. C. testacea, a variety of seborrhea in which the trunk and extensor surfaces of the ex- tremities are covered with large, thick plates of greasy, inspissated sebum, usually greenish or blackish, from accumulation of dirt upon them. There is no inflam- mation of the subjacent skin. C. unctuosa. Syn- onym of Seborrhea. Cutisation (ku^lns-a'-shun) [cutis, skin]. The acquire- ment of the characters of true skin by exposed mucous membrane. Q,y\'C\%ci:XoT iku-tis-ek' -tor) [cutis, ^m.; sector, ,x cutter]. An instrument for taking small sections of skin from the living subject for microscopic study. Cut-off Muscle. A popular designation for the com- pressor urethrae muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Cutose {ku'-tos) [cutis, skin] . In biology, the substance forming the thin outer covering of the aerial organs of plants (Fr^my). Cuttle, Cuttlebone (kut'-l, kut'-l bon). See Sepia. Cuvier, Angle of. See Angle. C, Canals of. See Canal. C, Ducts of. See Duct. Cyanalcohol [si-an-al' -ko-hol) [Khavog, dark-blue; alcohol J. Cyanhydrin ; a substance obtained by the union of an aldehyd with hydrocyanic acid. Cyanaldehyd {si-an-al'-de-hld) [xvavog, dark-blue; aldehyde. A substitution-compound of acetic alde- hyd. Cyanalkin (si-an-al'-kin) [miavoQ, blue; alkali']. One of the products of the action of sodium upon the pure nitrites. The cyanalkins are crystalline and strongly alkaline bases, and form salts with one equivalent of the acids. Cyanamid (si-an'-am-id) [aiiavoc, blue; amid'],CN.- NHj. A white, crystalline body prepared by the ac- tion of ammonia on cyanogen chlorid. Cyananilid [si-an-an'-il-id) [kvuvoq, blue; anilin']. C,N,H. Phenylcyanamid, a body formed on conduct- ing CNCl, into a cooled ethereal solution of anilin. It is readily soluble in alcohol and ether, but dissolves with difficulty in water. Cyanbenzene {si-an-ben' -zen). See Benzonitrile. Cyanein (si-an-e' -in) [idiavoQ, dark-blue]. In biology, the blue pigment found by Krukenberg in Rhizostoma, Vellella, Aurelia, and Cyanea. It is soluble in water, insoluble in benzene, carbon disulphid, and chloro- form. Cyanephidrosis [si-an-ef-id-ro' -sis) [m;dwf, blue ; ei6paaig, sweat]. Blue sweat. CyanethoUn (si-an-eth'-o-lin) [roawf , blue ; ethyl]. A liquid of ethereal odor, insoluble in water, and de- " composing when distilled. The cyanetholins are the esters of the cyanic acids. Cyanhematin {si-an-hem' -at-in) [KvavoQ, blue ; alfia, blood]. A substance produced by adding a solution of cyanid of potassium to a solution of blood, and heating gently for some time. Cyanhydrin [si-an-hi'-driji). See Cyanalcohol. Cyanhydrosis [si-an-hid-ro' -sis) . See Cyanephidrosis. Cyanic (si-an'-ik) [iciiavoc, blue] . Blue or bluish. C. Acid. See Acid, Cyanic. Cyanid {si'-an-id) [/ciafof, blue]. Any compound of cyanogen with a metal or a radical. Most of the cyanids are actively poisonous. Cyanidrosis [si-an-id-ro' -sis). Same as Cyanephidro- sis. Cyanin (si'-an-in) [/ciavof, dark-blue]. I. In biol- ogy, the blue pigment of certain flowers, as the corn- flower, violet, iris, etc. 2. C29Hg5N2l. A blue dye formerly prepared by heating quinolin amyl iodid with potassium hydroxid. Same as Quinolin-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. C.-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Cyanochroia [si-an-o-kroi' -ah) [xhavaq, blue; ;t:po«4, color] . Cyanosis. Cyanoderma [si-an-o-der' -mah) [nhavog, blue; &kpfm,, skin]. Cyanosis. Cyanodermia {si-an-o-der' -me-ah). See Cyanoderma. Cyanogen ( si-an'-o-jcn ) [ KhavoQ, blue ; yevvav, to produce]. A radical molecule having the structure CN, an acid-compound of carbon and nitrogen, exist- ing as a colorless, combustible gas, exceedingly pois- onous. With hydrogen it forms hydrocyanic or prussic acid; with metals, the cyanids; with oxygen. CYANOHEMOGLOBIN 347 CYLINDROCEPHALIC the compound known as fulminic acid. Cyanogen and hydrocyanic acid are usually distinguished by the odor of bitter almonds. Cyanohemoglobin ( si-an' -o-hem-o-glo' -bin ) [^Kvavog, blue ; yevvav, to produce ; alfia, blood ; globus, a ball]. A peculiar compound of hydrocyanic acid and hemoglobin, made by the addition of hydrocyanic acid to warm blood outside of the body. This substance is entirely wanting in the ozonizing power of normal oxyhemoglobin. Cyanomycosis {si-an' -o-nii-ko'-sis)\iaiavo^^\!£. ; fi'oKri^, fungus]. The production of blue pus, or of pus charged with Micrococcus pyocyaneus. See Bacteria. Cyanopathy (si-an-op' -a-ihe). See Cyanosis. Cyanophilous (si-an-off' -il-us) [(cuavof, blue ; (pMeiv, to love] . Stainable with blue coloring-matter. Cyanophyl [si-an'-o-fil) [nvamQ, dark-blue ; (frnXTiOv, leaf]. Fr^my's name for a supposed blue constituent of chlorophyl. Cyanopia (si-an-o'-pe-aK) [^niavog, blue; ijip, eye]. A perverted state of the visual powers, during which all objects appear blue. Cyanosin [si-an' -o-sin) [xiiavof, blue]. One of the Fluorescein colors. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Cyanosis (si-an-o' -sis) [icvavog, blue]. A bluish dis- coloration of the skin from non-oxidation of the blood, caused by local or general circulatory diseases. It may be due to the admixture of arterial and venous blood, as when there is a deficiency of the septum between the auricles and ventricles. It is seen in various diseases of the heart and lungs. C, Con- genital. See Blue Disease. Cyanospermia (si-an' -o-sper' -me-ah ) [fciiavof, blue ; airip/ia, sperm]. A condition wherein the semen has a bluish tint. Cyanotic (si-an-ot'-ii) [^Kvavog, blue]. Relating to or affected with cyanosis. Cyanuric Acid (si-an-u'-rik). See Acid, Tricyanic. Cyanurin [si-an-u' -rin) [/ciiavof, blue; oSpov, urine]. Uroglaucin or urine-indigo ; indigo found in the urine in cystitis and in chronic kidney-diseases ; it is also occasionally found in apparent health. Cyar [si'-ar) [/ciap,the eye of a needle]. The internal auditory meatus. Cyasma (si-as'-mah) [livhiv, to be pregnant : pi. , Cyasmata']. The peculiar freckle sometimes seen upon pregnant women. Cyathiform (si' -ath-if-omi) {cyathus, a cup ; forma, shape]. In biology, cup-shaped. Cyclarthrosis (sik-lar-thro'-sis) [K{i/c/lo<:,circle ; apBpaaig, a joint]. A pivot-joint ; lateral ginglymus, or rotary diarthrosis ; an articulation that admits of decided rota- tion in one of its elements. Cyclic (si'-klik) [^kvkXikSc, circular]. Having cycles or periods of exacerbation or change, as cyclic insanity. In biology, applied to flowers whose organs are ar- ranged in whorls. C. Albuminuria. See Albumi- nuria. C. Insanity. See Insanity. Cyclicotomy (si-klik-ot'-o-me) \_k,vkXi.k6(, circular; rifivEcv, to cut]. Surgical incision or division of the ciliary Ijody. Cyclitic Shell (si-klit'-ik) [/cmAwiif, circular]. A co- herent, solid, fibrous mass of exudate, completely enveloping the crystalline lens. Cyclitis (sik-li'-tis) [iciiKXog, a circle ; mg, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the ciliary body, characterized by a zone of congestion in the sclerotic coat surround- ing the cornea. It is a serious condition, often impli- cating adjacent structures. It may be serous, plastic, or suppurative. Irido-cyclitis, the involvement of both iris and ciliary body in the inflammatory process. Cyclocephalus (si-klo-sef -al-us) {kvkTm^, a circle; (cE^ffiA^, head]. I. A species of single autositic mon- sters characterized by a more or less complete absence of the olfactory organs, together with an intimate union of imperfectly developed or rudimentary visual organs, situated in the median line. 2. A variety of this species in which there is a fusion of the orbital cavities and of the eyes, without a vestige of a nose or of a proboscis. Cycloid (si'-kloid) [^kvkTmc, a circle; elSog, form]. In biology, having a circular form. Cyclophoria (sik-lo-fo' -re-aK) [ra/c^f , a circle ; ^opslv, to bear]. I. A term applied to the circulation of the fluids of the body. 2. An insufficiency of the oblique ' muscles of the eye, giving the eyes a tendency to roll outward or inward, so that the naturally vertical meri- dians would diverge either at the upper or lower extremities. Cyclopia (si-klo'-pe-afi). See Synophthalmia. Cydoplegia [si-klo-ple' -je-ah) [fcii/cXof , circle ; ■K\rr/ii, a. stroke] . Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye. Cyclops (si'-klops) [fcfc^of, circle ; inp, eye]. A con- genital malformation consisting in a fusion of the two eyes into one. See Rhinocephalus. Cyclosis (si-klo'-sis) [lAiiKog, a circle]. In biology, circulation, as of the protoplasm within a cell. Cyclothymia (si-klo-thim'-e-ah) [KisXoQ, circle ; 6v/i6c, mind] . Cyclic insanity. See Insanity. Cyclotome (sik'-lo-tom) [kvkXoq, circle ; TOfiSg, cut- ting]. A kind of knife for performing cyclotomy. Cyclotomy (sii-lot'-o-me) [fci/cJ^f, round; TOfi^, section]. An operation proposed for the relief of glaucoma, con- sisting of an incision through the ciliary body. Cydonium (sirdo'-ne-um) \jiv6&vi,ov, a quince]. Quince- seed. The seeds of C. vulgaris, employed mainly for the mucilage contained in the epithelial covering, which consists of a compound of gum and glucose. C. mucilago, quince-seeds 2, macerated in water loo parts, is a bland demulcent, known as Bandolin, and used as a hair-dressing. Cyematocardia (si-em-at-o-kar'-de-aK) \K^irifm, a fetus ; Kapdid, a heart]. Fetal rhythm of the heart-sounds. Cyesiognosis (si-e-se-og-no' -sis) [K-vrjciQ, pregnancy ; yvaaiQ, knowledge]. The diagnosis of pregnancy. Cyesiology (si-e-se-ol' -o-je) [^Kht/mg, pregnancy ; Ao/of , treatise]. The science of gestation in its medical aspects. Cyesis (si-e'-sis) \K.i>riaiq, pregnancy]. Pregnancy. Cyetic (si-et'-ik) \_kv^tik6(, pregnant]. Relating to pregnancy. Cylicotomy (sil-ii-ot'-o-me) [kvIl^, cup ; rtjivuv, to cut]. Surgical incision of the ciliary muscle. Cylinder (sU' -in-der) \Kvki.vSpog, a cylinder]. A long, circular body. See, also. Lenses. C.-cone of Kuhnt, one of the conical sections marked off by the " incisures" and going to build up the annular seg- ments of a meduUated nerve-fiber. C.,-filling, a fill- ing, the material of which is composed of gold-foil or tin-foil cylinders, sometimes called block-filling. C. of Gold-foil, a form of gold-foil for filling teeth, made by rolling a tape of non-cohesive gold upon a fine broach, commencing at one end of the tape and continuing the movement until the desired size of the cylinder is reached. Cylindrenchyma (sil-in-dreng' -kim-aK) \itxikLvSpog, a cylinder ; tyxv/^a, an infusion]. In biology, tissue composed of cylindric cells. Cylindric (sit-in' -drik), or Cylindrical (sil-in' -drik-al) [jajXivSpoQ, a cylinder]. Pertaining to or like a cylinder. C. Lenses. See Lenses. Cylindrocephalic (sil-in' -dro-sef-al' -ik) \Ki]'kivipog, cylinder; usipakij, head]. Affected with cylindro- cephaly. CYLINDROCEPHALY 348 CYRTOCEPHALUS Cylindroids. a and d. Cast-like forms. c. Filamentous forms. Cylindrocephaly {sil-in' -dro-sef -a-le) \K'o'kivii(to^, cylin- der ; Kt:^akri, head] . A cylindric formation of the skull. Cylindroid {sil'-in-droid) \jd}ltvSpo;, cylinder; eidof, likeness] . A name given to a mucous cast frequently found in the urine in scarlet fever, and other diseases. It closely resembles a hya- line tube-cast. Cylin- droids are ribbon-like forms, usually of great length, and of about the same diameter as renal casts. They may as- sume various shapes, due to bends and twists, giving them a cork-screw appearance. The ex- tremities are narrow and elongated and often bi- furcated. Cylindroma [sil-in-dro' - ma^)\_KvXcvdpog y a cylin- der : p/. , Cylindromaia'\. A tumor peculiar to the orbit of the eye, to the face, and to the stomach, composed of cylindric or club-like hyaline processes. It is a variety of myxo-sarcpma. Cylindrosis [sil-in-dro' -sis) \_Kv'kLv6povVy to roll]. A variety of bony articulation, the bone being rolled upon itself to form a canal and then a suture, as in the cranium. Cyllosis (sil-o'-sis) [/cu/lAuerif, crippled]. Club-foot; lameness from deformity. Cyllosoma {sil-o-S(/-ma/i) [/a;/lA(5f , lame ; ccifia, a body : //. , Cyllosomata\. A variety of single autositic mon- sters of the species celosoma, in which there is a lateral eventration occupying principally the lower portion of the abdomen, with absence or imperfect development of the lower extremity on that side occupied by the eventration. Cyllum (sil'-uni) [/ci/lAof, crooked]. Knock-knee. C-g^aha. [sim' -bah) [tt(i/i/3!7,a boat]. In biology, a boat- shaped sponge-spicule. Cymbiform {sim' -bif-orm) \cymba, boat \formay shape]. In biology, boat-shaped. C. Bone, the scaphoid bone. Cymbocephalia (sim-bo-sef-a' -le-aK). See Cymboceph- aly. Cymbocephalic, or Cymbocephalous (sim-bo-sef-al'- ik, or sim-bo-sef -al-us) [_Kvftl3ij, boat ; KE^aKi/, head] . Exhibiting cymbocephaly. Cymbocephaly (sim-bo-sef -a-le) \Ki>ji8Ti, boat ; Ksi^aki), head]. The condition of having a boat-shaped head. Cyme {slm.) [cyme, a young sprout]. In biology, a loose flower-cluster on the determinate or centrifugal plan. Cymene {si' -men) [cyminum, cumin], C,qH,j. A hy- drocarbon that occurs, together with cumic aldehyd, in Roman caraway oil (from Cuminum cymimim), and in other ethereal oils. It is prepared by treating oil of turpentine with oil of vitriol. It is a pleasantly- smelling liquid, that boils at 175°-! 76° C; its specific gravity at 0° C. is 0.8722. Cymogene (si'-mo-jen) [^iiij/uvov, cumin ; yhrig, produc- ing]. A product obtained from petroleum, gaseous at ordinary temperatures, but liquefiable by cold or pres- sure ; boiling at 0° C. (32° F.) ; specific gravity 110° B, It is used in the manufacture of artificial ice, and is serviceable in the production of great cold for local or minor surgical purposes. Cymose (si'-mos) [/ci/iaj a young sprout]. In biology, pertaining to a cyme ; bearing cymes. Cynanche ( sin-ang'-ke ) [ kiiuv, a dog ; ayxuv, to strangle] . An old name for any acute affection of the throat, as diphtheria, croup, tonsillitis, etc., in which the patient struggles for breath (as a panting dog). See also Angina. C. maligna, a fatal form of sore-throat. C. suffocativa. Synonym of Croup. C. tonsillaris. See Quinsy. Cynanthropia (sin-an-thro' -pe-ah] [^kvuv, dog; avUpuiro; a man] . A mania in which the patient believes him- self a dog, a,nd imitates the actions of one. Cyniatria [si-ne-a-tri' -ah) [jtiiuv, dog ; larpeta, med- ication]. The science or treatise of the diseases of the dog and their treatment. Cynic (sin'-ik) [Kwindg, dog-like]. Pertaining to a dog. C. Spasm, a contraction of the facial muscles upon one side , so as to expose the teeth in the man- ner of an angry dog. Cynobex hebetica {si'-no-beks he-bet' -ik-ah) [idiuv, dog; /3^f, cough; ^firiTmog, youthful]. The convul- sive cough of puberty ; a loud, dry, barking cough that often attacks boys and girls at puberty. General hygienic treatment is usually curative. Cynocephalous [sin-o-sef -al-us) \K.hm>, dog ; m^a'Xii, the head] . With the head dog-shaped. Cynodontes ( si-no-don' -tiz ) [ Auv, dog ; odoiif , hSbvTo^, tooth]. The canine teeth, so called from their resemblance to the teeth of a dog. See Cuspid Teeth. Cynoglossum [si-no-glos' -um). See Hound's Tongue. Cynolyssa [si-no-lis'-ah) [jivav, dog ; 'Xiiaaa, rabies]. Hydrophobia; rabies. Gynophobia (si-no-fo'-be-ah)\_xi>i->v, a dog; fd^og, fear]. I. Morbid fear of dogs. 2. Imaginary hydrophobia. Cynorexia [si-no-reis' -e-ah) [iwav, dog; ipe^ig, appe- tite]. Canine voracity ; bulimia. Cynospasmus {si-no-spas' -mus) [(ciuv, dog; avaafiig, spasm]. Same as Cynic Spasm. Cynurenic Acid {sin-u-ren' -ik) \jwuv, a dog; obpov, urine] , CjuHj^N^Oj + aH^O . . A crystalline acid found in dog's urine. It is a decomposition-product of pro- teids. On heating it cynurin is evolved. Cynurin {sin'-u-rin) [/rfiow, a dog ; ovpov, urine], CjgHjjNjOj. A base obtained by heating cynurenic acid to 250°. Cyophoria {si-o-fo' -re-aK) [iciof, fetus ; ^tpuv, to carry] . Pregnancy ; gestation. Cyopin {si'-o-pin) [mxiveof, blue; tt^iov, pus]. The coloring-matter found in blue pus. Cyphosis {si-fo' -sis) . See Kyphosis. Cypripedin {sip-rip-e' -din) [iciiTrpif , Venus ; ■k6Siov, a slipper]. A precipitate from the tincture of Cypripe- dium pubescens ; antispasmodic, nervine, narcotic. Dose ^ to 3 grains. Unof. Cypripedium {sip-rip-e' -de-um) [/cirrptf , Venus ; Triirfiov, a slipper]. Lady's Slipper. The roots of C. pubes- cens and C. parviflorum, American valerian, with properties due to a volatile oil and acid. It is an antispasmodic and stimulant tonic, used instead of valerian, which it resembles. C, Fid. Ext. Dose tt\,x-xxx. Cypriphobia {sip-rif-o' -be-ah) [icdTrpif, Venus ; 0(i^of , fear]. Fear of sexual intercourse. Cyprus Vitriol {si'-prus vit'-re-ol). Same as Blue Vitriol C. Fever. Same as Malta Fever. Cypsela {sip-sel'-ah) [/a)i/)^/la, a hollow, cup-like structure]. In biology, a term sometimes applied to an acheniura which is invested with an adnate calyx such as that of the Compositse. Cyron {sir' -on). See Chyron. Cyrtocephalus {sir-to-sef -al-us) \KvpT6g, convex; KEifiakTi , head]. Having a short head. CYRTOCORYPHUS 349 CYSTINURIA Cyrtocoryphus (sir-to-kor' -if-us) [xupriJf, convex; Kopv^, the crown of the head]. Lissauer's term for a skull with a parietal angle between 122° and 132°. Cyrtograph (sir' -to-graf) [^Kvprdg, curved; ypaipetv, to record]. A recording cyrtometer. Cyrtoma (sir-to' -mah) [livpTUfta, a curving: pL, Cyr- tomato], A convexity, especially one that is ab- normal. Cyrtometer (sir-torn' -et-er) [kvpt6q, curved ; pirpov, a measure]. An instrument adapted for measuring curves, and especially those of the chest. Cyitometopus (sir-to-met-op'-tis) \_iaipT6q, convex ; /j£ru5rov, the iiarfhead]. Ljssauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by lines connecting the nation with the bregma and the metopion is between 120° and 130.5°. Cyrtonosus (sir-ton' -o-sus) [Kvprdf, curved ; vdao^, a disease]. Synonym for Rhachitis. Cyrtopisthocranius (sir-to-pis-tho-kra' -ne-us) [Kvprdg, curved ; OTnadoKpavLov, the occiput]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle of the summit of the occiput is between 117° and 140°. Cyrtosis (sir-to' -sis') [fcu^ruirif, curvature : pi., OyrtosesJ. Any deformity, especially one that affects the bones. Cyrturanus (sir-tiir-a'- rms) [Kvprdg, curved ; c{iOT(f, bladder; «/iX- ■fToc, vagina]. Inflammation of both bladder and vagina. Cystocope {sist'-o-kop) [/cdurif, bladder; kSttoc, a blow]. A urethral sound, having at the proximal ex- tremity a plate to amplify the sound produced by striking against a vesical calculus. Cystocyte {sist'-o-slt) [rfoTif, a bladder ; KiiTOC, a cell]. In biology, one of the bladder-like cells of the cys- tenchyma, as in sponges. Cystodynia [sist-o-din' -e-ah') [jihang, bladder; bShvt;, pain]. Same as Cystalgia. Cystofibroma (sist-o-fi-bro'-maK) [/cfiffnf, a bladder; fibra-i a fiber; bfia, a tumor: pi., Cystofibromata\. A neoplasm presenting the character of both a fibroma and a cystoma. Cystohemorrhagia {sist-o-hem-or-a' -je-aK) [AaTig, the bladder; aXfia, blood; ^yv^vm, to burst]. Vesical hemorrhage. Cystolith (sist' -o-lith) [^Kiicng, bladder ; /litof , a stone] . Vesical calculus. In biology, a stalked body mainly composed of calcium carbonate, found in the cells of certain leaves, as in those of the nettle. Cystolithiasis {sist-o-lith-i' -as-is) [Kvarif, a bladder; Xjfof, a stone]. Stone in the bladder ; also that con- dition of the system that is associated with the pres- ence of vesical calculus. Cystolithic (sist-o-lith' -ik) [^Kharis, bladder; TiiBog, a stone]. Pertaining to a vesical calculus. Cystolutein (sist-o-lu' -te-in) [/cdiTT'f, a cyst; luteus, yellow]. A yellow coloring-matter found in cysts. Cystoma [sist-o' -mah) [jchaTig, a cyst ; 4^0, a tumor : pL, Cystomata]. A neoplasm, especially an ovarian tumor, containing or made up of cysts. Cystomerocele {sist-o-mer'-o-sll) {jAotiq, bladder; uripbg, thigh ; KijXri, hernia]. A hernia of the bladder through the femoral ring. Cystomorphous (sist-o-mor' -fus) \KvarLq, cyst ; \iap^ii, form] . Having the form of a cyst. Cystomyxoma [sist-o-miks-o' -mah) [Kvang, a cyst; /iv^a, mucus; bfia, a. tumor: pi., Cystomyx-omata\. A neoplasm presenting the characters of both myxoma and cystoma. Cystoncus (sist-ong' -kus) [lAang, bladder ; iymg, a swelling]. Any swelling of the bladder. Cystonephrosis {sist-o-ne-fro'-sis) [kvctiq, sac ; vE^p6g, . kidney] . A cystic or cystomorphous dilatation of the kidney. Cystoparalysis (sUt-o-par-al' -is-is) [(ctffrif , bladder ; ■KapaXvaiq, palsy]. Paralysis of the bladder. Cystopexy (sisf -o-peks-e) [/ciiffrtf, bladder; ir^^ti, fixa- tion]. Fixation of the bladder. An operation for the cure of cystocele, based upon the principle of the Alexander-Adams operation. Cystophotography i^sist-orfo-tog' -ra-fe) [xtitrnf, the blad- der; ^wf, light; yph^uv, to write]. Photographing the interior of the bladder for diagnostic purposes. Cystoplastic (sist-o-plas' -iik) [kvotl^, the bladder ; TzTiiaauv, to form]. Relating to cystoplasty. Cystoplasty (sisf -o-plas-te) [(cwanf, bladder ; ■K'haeeta), to form]. Plastic operation upon the bladder, espe- cially for vesico-vaginal fistula. Cystoplegia (sist-o-ple' -je-ah) \KhisTig, bladder ; irkriyii^ a blow]. Paralysis of the bladder. Cystoptosis {sist-op-to' -sis) {jiiiariQ, bladder ; irruffif , n fall]. The projection of some portion of the bladder into the urethra. Cystopylometer [sist-o-pi-lom' -et-er) \manq, bladder ; 'Kvkq, gate; /iirpav, measure]. An instrument for measuring any obstruction (as an enlarged prostate) at the entrance to the bladder; it is called also pyhmeter. Cystorrhagia [sist-or-a'-je-aK). See Cystohemorrhagia. Cystorrhea [sist-or-e'-ah). Same as Cystirrhea. Cystorrhexis {sist-or-eks'-is) \_iciaTig, bladder ; M^tg, rupture] . Rupture of the bladder. Cystoscope [sist'-o-skop) [Kvang, bladder ; amweiv, to examine]. An instrument for examining the interior of the bladder. Cystoscopy (sist-os' -ko-pe) [^niianc, bladder; oiameiv, to examine]. Examination of the interior of the bladder by means of the cystoscope. Cystospasmus [sist-o-spaz'-mus) [kIioti^, bladder; aira(7/i6g, spasm]. Spasm of the bladder. Cystospastic (sist-o-spas' -tik) \Kvnal aperture of a utjicellular animal. Cf. Cytoproct. Cytostasis • (si-tos'-tas-is) [kvtoq, cell ; ardaig, stasis] . Stoppage or plugging of the capillaries by the blood- cells. Cytostatic (si-to-staf -ik) [/ciirof, a cell; OTardc, fixed]. In biology, applied to the static or resting con- ditions of plasma or cells ; the opposite of Cytokinetic (Ryder). Q,ytostoTae(si'-to-stdm) [/c{)TOf, a cell ; ard/ia, mouth]. In biology, the oral aperture of a unicellular organ- ism. Cytotaxis (si-to-taks'-is) [rorof , a cell ; rd^ig, order] . The selective, ordering, and arranging function of a living cell. Cytotrophy (si-tof -ro-fe) [/ciirof , cell ; Tpbi^, nourish- ment] . The growth of 8ie cell and sustentation of cell-life. Cytozoon (si-to-zo' -on) [/cirof, cell; ^(mv, animal]. A protoplasmic cell-mass, probably parasitic in nature, with independent movement ; found by Gaule in de- fibrinated blood and other structures. Cyttarhagia (sit-ar-a' -je-ah ) [/airra/oof , cell ; pipvivai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the socket of a tooth. Cytula (sit'-u-lah) [/tiiTof, a cell]. In biology, an im- pregnated ovum. Cytuloplasm (sit' -u-lo-plazm) \_kvtoq, a cell ; irXaGauv, to form, mold]. In biology, the mingled ovoplasm and spermoplasm in a cytula. Czermak's Spaces. Same as Interglobular Spaces, q.u. Czerny's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Czerny-Lembert Suture. See Suture. Czerny-Schrceder Operation. See Operations, Table of- Czoker's Alum Cochineal. A solution for staining microscopic sections. Boil 7 grams of pulverized cochineal and 7 grams of alum in 700 c.c. of distilled water, until the quantity of fluid is reduced to 400 c.c. ; cool, add a few drops of carbolic acid, and filter. After standing for a few days filter again, after which the fluid will be ready for use. See Stains, TabU if. Czumpelitz's Test. See Tests, Table of. 352 DACTYLOSYMPHYSIS D D. (Dosis). A dose. In Electro-therapeutics an ab- breviation of Duration and of Density. In ophthal- mology the letter is used as an abbreviation of Dexter and Dioptry. It is also used for detur, let it be given. Da Costa's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Dacryadenalgia {dak-re-ad-en-al' -je-ah) [Jd/cpu, tear; h&fpi, gland; akyoq, pain]. Pain in a lachrymal gland. Dacryadenitis {dak-re-ad-en-i'-tis). See Dacryo- adenitis. Dacryagogue (dak' -re-ag-og) \6a.Kpv, tear; dyuyiif, conducting]. I. Inducing a flow of tears. 2. An agent that induces a flow of tears. Dacrycystalgia (dak-re-sis-taV -je-aK). See Dacryo- cystalgia. Dacryelcosis [dak-re-el-ko'-sis) [S&Kpv, tear ; slicuai^, ulceration]. Ulceration of the lachrymal apparatus. Dacrygelosis (dak-re-jel-o' -sis) [cSd/cpu, tear ; ykTMq laughter] . Alternate weeping and laughter. Dacryhemorrhysis [dak-reh-em-vr' -is-is) [dd/tpu, tear ; aii«a, blood; piiffif, a flow]. The weeping of bloody tears ; a flow of blood from a lachrymal duct. Dacryin (dak'-re-in) [SaKpv, a tear]. A peculiar sub- stance contained in tears. Dacryma [dak' -re-maJi) \_6diipv/ia, a tear : p/. , Dacry- mataj. A tear; the lachrymal secretion. DsiCTyoa.dsmtis [dak-re-o-ad-en-i'-tis) [dd/cptiov, a tear; aS^, a gland] . Inflammation of a lachrymal gland. Dacryoblenorrhea (dak-re-o-blen-or-e' -aK) \_SaKpvav, a tear; ^'kiwoc,, mucus; /loia, a flow]. Chronic in- flammation and discharge of mucus from the lachry- mal sac. Dacryocele {dak' -re-o-sH, or -se'-le) \Sas,pvov, tear; KriXri, hernia]. See Dacryocystocele. Dacryocyst Jdak'-re-o-sist) [Sd,Kpvov, tear; Kvang, cyst]. The lachrymal cyst. Dacryocystalgia (dak-re-o-sis-tal' -je-ah) [ddxpuoi/.tear ; ■Kvarigj cyst; a?i.yog, pain]. Pain in a lachrymal sac. Dacryocystitis {dak-re-o-sis-ti' -lis) [_S6.K.pvov, tear ; Kha- Tig, a sac]. Inflammation of a lachrymal sac. Dsicryocystocels (dak-re-o-sist'-o-sel) [^daupvov, a tear; nvBTig, a sac; /C7A7, hernia]. Hernia of a lachrymal sac. Dacryocystoptosis {dak-re-o-sis-top-to'-sis) \66.Kpvov, a tear; nvang, a cyst; Trrwffif, a fall]. Prolapse or downward displacement of a lachrymal sac. Dacryohemorrhea [dak-re-o-hem-or-e'-ah\. See Dac- ryhemorrhysis. Daciyoid [dak' -re-oid) [Sinpmrn, tear; elSoQ, form]. Resembling a tear. Dacryolite [dak'-re-o-lit). See Dacryolith.- Dacryolith [dak' -re-o-lith) [S&Kpvov, tear ; XSog, stone]. A lachrymal calculus ; a calcareous concretion in a lachrymal passage or in the palpebral conjunctiva. Dacryolithiasis [dak-re-o-lith-i' -as-is) \Sa.«.pvav, a tear ; /liflof, a stone]. The morbid condition that is at- tended by the formation of dacryoliths ; also, the presence of dacryoliths. Dacryoma [dak-re-o' -mah) [Saitpiieiv, to weep]. I. A lachrymal tumor. 2. The closure or obstruction of the puncta lachrymalia, causing epiphora. Dacryon idak'-re-on) [S6,K.pvov, a tear]. I. A tear. 2. See Craniometric Points. Dacryops [dak' -re-ops') \&6,Kpvav, tear; Si//, eye]. I. A watery eye. 2. Cyst of the duct of a lachrymal gland. Dacryoptosis (dak-re-op' -to-sis") \6&Kpvm>, tear ; VTaaig, a fall]. I. The falling or shedding of tears. 2. Dacryocystoptosis. Dacryopyorrhea [dak-re-o-pi-or-e'-ah) [^daKpvav, a tear ; niiov, pus ; />oia, a flow] . A discharge of pus from the lachrymal apparatus. Dacryopyosis [dak-re-o-pi-o'-sis) [^SaKpvov, tear ; irioi/, pus]. Suppuration in the lachrymal apparatus. Dacryorrhea [dak-re-or-e' -ah) [SaKpvov, tear ; l>ola, a flow]. Excessive discharge of tears. Dacryosolen [dak-re-o-so' -len) [daapvorv, tear; auMiv, pipe]. A lachrymal duct or canal. Dacryosolenitis [dak-re-o-so-len-i' -tis) [daKpvov, a tear ; aakfiv, a pipe; nig, inflammation]. Inflammation of a lachrymal duct. Dacryostenosis [dak-re-o-sle-no' -sis) [dd/c/jTOV, tear; OTevdf, narrow]. Stenosis or stricture of a lachrymal duct. Dacryosyrinx [dak-re-o-sir' -inks) [S&Kpvcn), tear ; oipi/fipipe]. I. A lachrymal fistula. 2. A syringe for use in the lachrymal ducts. Dactyl [dak' -HI) [SdnTvlog, a finger]. A finger or toe; a digit. Dactylagra [dak-til-a' -grah) [daKruJlof , a digit ; dypa, seizure]. An attack of gout or rheumatism in the fingers. Dactylate [dak' -til-at) \Saiavkog, a finger]. Resem- bling a finger. Possessing five rays or appendages. Dactylion [dak-til' -e-on). See Syndactylism. Dactylitis [dak-til-i' -tis) [tSd/cru/lof, a. finger ; mg, in- flammation] . Inflammation of a finger or toe. Dactylognathite [dak-til-og-nath' -It) [d&KTvhyg, a finger ; yvoBog, jaw]. In biology, Milne Edwards' term for the terminal (distal) joint of one of the foot- jaws of a crustacean. See Dactylos. Dactylogryposis [dak-til-o-grip-o' -sis) [rfdKruAof , finger; ypwrdg, curved]. Abnormal curvature of the fingers or toes. Dactyloid [dak'-til-oid) \_SdKTv7u>g, finger ; eUog, form]. In biology, resembling a finger. Dactylology [dak-til-ol' -o-je) \&aKTv7jog, finger ; Adyof, speech]. Conversation or talking by the fingers. Dactylolysis [dak-til-ol' -is-is) [dd/cruAof, digit ; Ivai^, loosening]. The falling off of a finger or toe. D. spontanea. See Ainhum. Dactylopatagium (dak-til-o-pat-ag'-e-um) [ddiiTvhjg, finger; irarayeiov, a border to a woman's gown]. In biology, that part of the patagium of a bat which is connected with the digits. Cf. Ectopatagium. Dactylopodite [dak-til-op' -o-dtt) [SdnTvXog, a finger; nohg, a foot]. See Dactylos. Dactylopore [dak-til' -o-por) [Sdnrvlog, finger; iripog, pore]. In biology, applied to the opening of the finger-like, or tentacular dactylozoid of certain hydro- zoans. Dactylopterus [dak-til-opf -ter-us) [Sdnrvlog, finger; TTTEpdv, wing]. In biology, applied to fishes in which certain of the pectoral fin- rays are separate and finger- like. Dactylorhiza [dak-til-or-i' -zah) [dd/CTwAof, finger; /5ifa, root]. A disease of the roots of certain vege- tables, as turnips. Dactylos [dak' -til-os) [dd/cruXof, a finger]. In biol- ogy, the seventh joint of any crustacean appendage, as the dactylognathite and dactylopodite of Milne Edwards. Dactylospasmus { dak-til-o-spaz'-mus ) [ ddicrv/lof, a digit ; cnaapdg, a spasm] . Spasm of a digit. Dactylosymphysis ( dak-til-o-sim' -fis-is ) [(ydxruXof, finger; ffiiv, together; f'iiuv, to grow]. Syndactylism. DADI GOGO 353 DARWINISM Dadi Gogo (da' -de go' -go) [African]. See Gogo. Dsemonomania {de-mo-no-ma' -ne-ah) . See JOemono- mania. Daffy's Elixir. A compound aromatic tincture of senria. Unof. Dahlia (dahl' -yaK) . See Pigments, Conspectus of. Dajaksch (di'-aksK) [Java]. The arrow-poison used in Borneo. It is believed to be distinct from the Java arrovf-poison. Xia^xyan{dak'-re-on). See Craniometric Points. Dakryops [dak' -re-ops^. Same as Dacryops. Dalby's Carminative. An old empiric carminative and mildly opiate mixture, answering nearly to the mistura carminativa of the National Formulary. It contains about two and a half minims of tincture of opium to the fluidounce. Dalgarno Alphabet. Glove-alphabet ; a method of manual communication among deaf-mutes, in which the letters are indicated by touching various parts of the hand. Dallas's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Dalmatian Insect Powder. See Buhach. Dalton's Theory. The atomic theory of compounds. Dalton-Henry Law. See Law. Daltonism {dal' -ton-iznC) \JDalton, a physician]. Color-blindness. See Blindness. Dam. See Rubber Dam and Coffer Dam. Damalic Acid {dam-al'-ik ). See Acid. Damaluric Acid (dam-al-u' -rik ). See Acid. Damiana [dam-e-an' -ah ) . The leaves of Turnera aphrodisiaca, found in Mexico and Lower California; a stimulant tonic and said to be a powerful aphrodi- siac. It is the basis of a great number of quack reme- dies. D., Ext. Dose gr. ij-x. D., Fid. Ext. Dose tr\_x-3J. Dose of the leaves gj daily. All unol. Dammar (dam'-ar) [Hind. , damar, resin]. A gum or resin resembling copal, produced by various species of Dammara and by various other trees. D., True, is obtained from the Dammara orientalis, a coniferous tree, indigenous in the Kast Indies, and also from Dammara australis, in New Zealand. The latter variety is also known as Kauri, or cowdie resin. The former is the variety commonly called dammar in commerce. It occurs in masses, coated on the exte- rior with white powder from mutual attrition, while the interior is pale-amber colored and transparent. It is harder than rosin, and splits and cracks at the tem- perature of the hand. It is used in the manufacture of varnishes. See Cowdie Gum. Damp. See Choke-damp ; Black-damp ; Fire-damp. Damping Apparatus. The union of the tympanic membrane of the ear with the auditory ossicles acting as a damper to prevent excessive sympathetic vibra- tion for its own fundamental note. Dance (dans) [Fr., darner, to dance]. Any measured tread or system of steps accompanied by music. Also, any motion of the body caused by an abnormal nervous stimulus. D., St. Vitus's. See Chorea. D. Plague. Synonym of Chorea. Dancel's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Dancer's Cramp. SeeCramp. D. Palsy. Site Palsy. Dancing Mania. See Choromania. Dandelion (dan'-de-li-on). See Taraxacum. DuniniS (dan'-druf). See Seborrhea, Pityriasis, and Alopecia furfuracea. Dandy (dan' -de) [Hind., ddndi, a boatman]. I. In India, a kind of stretcher or hammock of canvas with a bamboo frame. It is serviceable in the transportation of the sick- and wounded. 2. See Colic, Endemic. D. Fever. See Dengue. Danforth's Oil. See Naphtha. 23 Daniell (dan'-yel) \_Daniell, sea electrician]. A unit of electric measurements equal to 1. 124 volts. D. Cell. See Cell Daniella (dan-e-el' -ah) [Dr. Daniell, a traveler]. A genus of leguminous trees of W. Africa. D. thuri- fera, the only species of this genus affording olibanum, or true frankincense. Dantec, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Table of. Danube Fever (dan'-ub fe'-ver). A febrile affection of remittent or relapsing type observed in sailors and others tliat have sailed on and have drunk the water of the Danube River, characterized by symptoms of gastro-intestinal derangement, albuminuria, hematuria, edema, uremic symptoms, profuse perspiration, en- larged spleen, and nervous symptoms. Its precise nature is unknown ; possibly it is the same as Malta fever. Rock fever, Cretan fever, Mediterranean fever. Daphne (daf'-ne) \_S&fvTi, the laurel]. A genus of thy- melaceous shrubs, mostly poisonous or acrid. See Mezereon. Daphnetin (daf -net-in) [dcufmri, the laurel], CgHgO^H- HjO. A substance obtained by the decomposition of the glucosid daphnin. It crystallizes in yellow needles or prisms, melting at 255° C. Daphnin (daf'-nin) \&a^vri, the laurel], Cj^HijOg-j- 2H2O. I . A glucosid isomeric with esculin ; it is ob- tained from the bark of Daphne alpina, and forms prismatic transparent crystals having a bitter taste and melting at 200° C. 2. See also Pigments, Con- spectus of. Darier's Disease. Psorospermose folliculaire vigilante ; Keratosis follicularis ; Ichthyosis sebacea cornea; a disease of the skin commencing on the face or trunk, but ultimately spreading to other parts of the body, and characterized by the development of papules of small size and dirty-red color, with firmly-adherent grayish-brown, black, or gray horny crusts. These crusts can be squeezed out of the papules by the thumb-nails. In some places the lesions may become confluent. The disease progresses slowly, and the papules may assume considerable size. Ulceration of their surfaces may occur, or the tumors may suppurate en masse. The disease occurs usually in males. Its etiology is obscure. See Diseases, Table of. Darnel (dar'-nel). See Lolium. D'Arsonval's Oven. See Oven. Dartoic, or Dartoid [dar-to'-ik, or dar'-toid) [daprof, flayed]. Pertaining to or resembling the dartos. D. Myoma. See Myoma. Darton's Test. See Tests, Table of. Dartos (dar'-tos) \6apT6z, flayed]. The contractile fibrous layer beneath the skin of the scrotum. Dartre (dar'-tr) [Fr.]. Any herpetic or other chronic skin-disease ; a term vaguely used in French and the older English medical literature. Dartrous (dar'-trus) [Fr. , dartre\ Of the nature of tetter or herpes ; herpetic. Dartsac (dart'-sak) . A muscular sac containing a cal- careous or chitinous dart or rod, opening into the clo- aca of certain gasteropods. (Helix.) Darwin's Ducts. See Ducts. D. Ear; See Ear, Deformities of. Darwinian Tubercle, and Diseases, Table of . D. Theory of Heredity. S,ee Heredity. Darwinian Tubercle. A nodule or eminence some- times seen on the edge of the helix of the ear ; it is believed to be a relic corresponding to the point of an ape's ear. Darwinism (dar'-win-izm). [Named after Charles Danuin, a celebrated naturalist]. The theory of de- scent by evolution, as modified by the doctrine of the survival of the fittest. See Neo-Darwinism and Evolution. DASTRE-MORAT'S METHOD 354 DEATH Dastre-Morat's Method. See Anesthetic. Dasyma [das'-im-ah). Same as Hirsuties. Date-disease. See Aleppo Boil. D. -fever. Syn- onym of Dengue. Datisca (da-tis' -kah) [L.]. A genus of herbs, some- what allied to the cacti. D. cannabina, of Asia and the Levant, is antiperiodic and antiscrofulous. D. glomerata is a Californian species. Datiscin (da-tis'-in) \_Datisca\, Cj^H^^O^. A starch- like glucosid from Datisca cannabina ; it is a good yellow dye. Datura [da-tu'-rah) [Hind., dhatura, a certain plant]. A genus of Solanaceae, or night-shade family. D. stramonium. See Stramonium. D. tatula, a plant belonging to the nightshade family, closely resembling stramonium in its therapeutic and physiologic properties. It has been smoked with advantage in asthma. Unof Daturin (da-tu'-rin) [Hind., dhatura, a certain plant]. A poisonous alkaloid from the thorn-apple. See Atropin. Daturism [dat'-u-rizm) [Hind., dhatura, a certain plant]. A morbid condition of mind and body in- duced by excessive dosing with stramonium [Datura') ; stramonium-poisoning. It is nearly or quite identical with atropism. Dauben ton's Angle. See Angle. D. Line. See Line. D. Plane. See Plane. Daughter (daw'-ter) [AS., dohtor, daughter]. A female child or descendant. D.-cell. See Cell. D.- cyst, a cyst formed within a cyst. D. -nuclei. See Karyokinesis. D.-star, an amphiaster. See Karyo- kinesis. Dauvergne's Apparatus. An apparatus used for treat- ing old dislocations of the shoulder. Davat's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Davidsohn, Pupillary Reflex of. The light reflected through the pupil in translumination, when the electric light is held in the mouth. Daviel's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Davier {dah'-ve-a) [Fr.]. A tooth-forceps ; a lion-for- ceps. Davies and Dale's Carmin Mass. A warm-flowing mass for injecting tissues. Digest in a flask for thirty- six hours, at the ordinary temperature, 1 1.6 grams of carmin in a mixture of 15 c.c. of ammonia (0.92 strength) and 118 c.c. of water. Filter, and dilute -with water to 473 c.c. Dissolve 38.88 grams of po- tassium alum in 295 c.c. of water, and add, With con- stant boiling, a solution of sodium carbonate until a slight precipitate is produced. Boil and add to the carmin fluid, shaking vigorously. A drop of the fluid, when placed on a white filter-paper, should show no ■color-ring. Allow it to cool and settle for a day or two, and draw off' the supernatant fluid with a siphon. Wash, by decantation, until the wash-water ceases to give a precipitate with barium chlorid. So much water must be kept with the color that it shall measure liSo c.c. For use soak 100 grams of gelatin in 750 c.c. of this fluid and melt over a water-bath. Davies-Colley Operations. See Operations, Table of. Davis's (Leon) Sign. See Death. Davy's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. D. Operation. See Operations, Table of. D. Tests. See Tests, Table of. Day's Test. See Tests, Table of. Day-Blindness. See Nyctalopia ; also Hemeralojna. Daymare [da' -mar'). A state of temporary distress and terror, resembling nightmare, but coming on when the patient is awake. It is thought to be due to a diseased state of the blood-vessels of the brain. Dead (,^«fl?) \_K%.,de&d, dead]. Without life ; desti- tute of life. D.-born. Still-bom. D. Finger. See Sphaceloderma ani Night-palsy. D. -house, a morgue; an apartment in a public institution for keeping dead bodies. D. Nettle. See Lamium. D. Voice, a voice without nasal resonance. The so-called nasal voice. Deadly (ded'-le) [AS., dead, dead]. Capable of caus- ing death; fatal; mortal. D. Nightshade. See Atropa and Belladonna. Deaf {defordef) \_A.?,.,dedf, deaf]. Without the sense of hearing. A condition of impaired hear- ing. D. -dumbness. See Deaf-mutism. D.- fields, two small triangular planes, converging toward the external auditory meatus, and in which the vibrat- ing tuning-fork is not heard. D.-mute, one who suffers from deaf-mutism. D. -mutism, a condition of deafness or impaired hearing, accompanied by im- perfect development (congenital) , or loss of speech. D. -points, some points near the ear in which a vibra- ting tuning-fork cannot be heard. Deafness (def'-nes) [AS., dedf deaf]. The condition of being deaf; surdity. D., Boilermakers', chronic labyrinthine deafness resulting from constant exposure to loud sounds. Bone-conduction is impaired, and there are destructive and atrophic changes throughout the cochleae, most marked at the base. D., Mind. See D., Psychic. D., Music, a. variety of psychic deafness in which, although musical sounds are heard, they are not recognized as such. D., Paradoxic, called also Paracousia Willissii, deafness for speech in silence, but with ability, e. g., to hear the same voice in a noisy car or street. This is said to be caused by compression of the labyrinth. It is a form of otopiesis. D., Psychic, the deafness from de- struction of the auditory center (Munk). Sounds are heard, but not recognized or understood. D., Word, a variety of psychic deafness in which, although words be heard, they are not comprehended. Death [deth) [AS., death, death]. The cessation of life. D., Apparent, a term applied to a cataleptic state in which respiration and circulation are so feeble as to be inappreciable. D., Black, an exceedingly fatal epidemic called the " Plague," which occurred in Europe during the 14th century, during which it is estimated 20,000,000 people died. D. Camass. See Camass. D., Localized. See D., Somatic. D., Molecular, caries; ulceration. D.-rate, a term arbitrarily expressing the mortality of a place, based upon the number of deaths for each 1000 of population during a period of one year. D. -rattle, the pe- culiar sound produced by the passage of air through mucus in the throat of a dying person. D., Signs of, certain indications of death, such as cessation of the heart's action, and respiration, vigor of the body, healthiness of the tissues, etc. See D. , Tests of. D., Somatic, death of the organism as a whole, in dis- tinction from localized D., or necrosis, and gangrene. D., Tests of: Dr. Richardson summarizes the more important as : I. Absence of the pulsation of the heart. 2. Absence of the respiratory murmur. 3. Pressure on veins (Fillet test). 4. Electric test for muscular irritability. 5- The ammonia hypodermatic test iMonteverde'' s sign) . 6. Coagulation of the blood in the veins. 7. Rigor mortis. 8. Decomposition. Balfour's Test, a test for the action of the heart in apparent death. He proposed sticking into the skin over the heart needles having little paper flags fixed in their blunt ends. Should there be contraction of the heart-muscle, such movement would be commu- nicated to the paper flags. Cloquefs- Needle Test, a bright needle plunged into the body of the biceps muscle and left there for a time ; then ex- DEBILITANT 355 DECIDUA amined for signs of oxidation. If found, life is pre- sent. Davis's (^Leon) Sign, after deatli the arteries are pale 'or yellowish, and empty of blood, whilst during life the vessels pulsate, and have the color of the surrounding tissues. Diaphanous Test, the scarlet - red color of the finger - edges when held toward the light, due, if life exists, to the blood circulating through the tissues. The scarlet tint does not appear if life is extinct. The test is not to be relied on in all cases, as in syncope the red coloration may be absent. Fillet Test : Richard- son's Test, a fillet applied to the veins of the arm will not cause filling of the veins on the distal side of the fillet if death be present. Foubert's Test consists in cutting through one of the intercostal spaces and feeling the heart with the point of the finger. Laborde's Sign. Same as Cloquefs Needle Test. Larcher's Sign, soon after death the conjunctivae exhibit externally gray, cloudy discolorations, that rapidly become black. They are due either to the formation of films of mucus, or to cadaveric imbibition dependent on putrefactive changes. Levasseur' s Sign, the application of a scarificator and cupping-glass will fail to draw blood if life has been ex- tinct for some hours. Magnus's Sign, if a finger be tightly bound round with a ligature, the part beyond the constriction will, if the person be living, become bright red, the tint increasing in depth until it finally assumes a uniformly bluish-red color. At the spot, however, where the ligature is applied, a narrow white ring becomes visible. No change results from the application of the ligature if life be extinct. Mon- teverde's Sign, the injection subcutaneously during life of a little ammonia solution will be followed by a port-wine congestion in surrounding parts, which does not take place in case of death. Ripault Sign, during life the circular shape of the pupil is influenced by external pressure only during its actual application. After life, however, external pressure is capable of permanently affecting the normal roundness of the pupillary aperture. D. Trance, trance that closely resembles death. Debilitant (de-bil' -it-ant) [_dedilitare, to -weaken]. I. Weakening. 2. A medicine that weakens. Debility (de-bil' -it-e). See Asthenia. D6bove's Membrane, ^ee Membrane. D. Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Debridement [da-brld' -mon{g)) [Fr., debridement']. The enlarging of a gunshot wound or a hernia with the knife ; the slitting of any constricting tissue or band. Debrunner's Tests. See Tests, Table of. Decacerous (de-kas' -er-us) [rff/ca, ten ; Kipag, horn]. In biology, having ten horn-like processes, tentacles or arms. Decagram {dek' -a-grani) \&kKa, ten ; ypafiiia, a certain weight]. Ten grams or 154.32349 grains, 0.353 ounce avoirdupois, or 0.3215 ounce troy. See Metric System. Decagynous [dek-aj' -in-us) \Si,Ka, ten ; ymii, female]. In biology, with ten pistils. Decalcification (de-kal-sif-ik-a' -shun) [de priv. ; calx, lime ; facere, to make] . The loss of the lime-consti- tuent of bone in some cases of osteitis. Decalcified Bone-Drain. A drainage-tube made of a decalcified chicken-bone. Decalcify (de-kal' -sif-i) [de priv. ; calx, lime ; facere, to make] . To remove lime-salts from tissues previously to section-cutting for histologie examination. An acid is usually combined with a. hardening agent to prevent swelling of the tissues. The best decalcifying fluids are Arsenious Acid, Chromic Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Exner's Solution, Hydrochloric Acid and Glycerin, Nitric Acid, Nitric Acid and Chromic Acid, Picric Acid. See Reagents and Stains, Table of. Decalcifying Fluid [de-kaV -sif-i-ing flu' -id). A solu- tion used for the purpose of depriving tissue of its calcium salts. Chromic acid I gram, water 200 c.c. , then add 2 c.c. nitric acid, — is commended. Decaliter, Decalitre [dek' -a-le-ter) [dt/ca, ten ; Urpa, a pound]. Ten liters, or 2\ imperial gallons, or 2:64 U. S. gallons. See Metric System. Decalvant {de-kal' -vant) \decalvans, depilatory]. Re- moving hair ; depilatory ; causing baldness. Decamerous [dek-am' -er-us) \SiKa, ten ; fitpu^, a part]. In biology, ten-parted, as a flower. Decameter, Decametre (dek' -a-me-ter) \&iKa, ten ; /drpav, a measure]. Ten meters or 393.7 English inches, or 32.8 feet. See Metric System. De Candolle, Canal of. See Canal. Decandrous (dek-an' -drus) [(ie/ca, ten; hvtip, male]. In biology, having ten stamens. Decane (dek' -an) [6ma, ten], CjdH^u. A hydrocarbon of the parafiin series. Decantation [de-ian-ta' -shun) [de, down ; cantus, a side]. The operation of removing the supernatant fluid from a sediment. It may be poured off by means of a guiding-rod, or drawn off' by means of a siphon. Decapetalous (dek-ap-ef -al-us) [Stiai, ten; vkTokov, a leaf]. In biology, having ten petals. Decaphyllous (dek-af'-il-us) [dl/ca,ten; ^'oXkov,a.\e3.^. In biology, ten-leaved Decapitation (de-kap-it-a' -shun) [de, from ; caput, head]. Division of the neck of the child in labor, when delivery and version are both impossible. This is sometimes called decollation. Decapitator (de-kap'-it-a-tor) [de, from ; caput, head]. An instrument used in performing decapitation. Decapod (dek'-a-pod) [dkua, ten ; vroiif (ttoS-), foot]. In biology, having ten feet, rays, or arms. De Cassis' Operation. See Operations, Table of. Decay (de-ka') [o'^, down; cadere, to fall]. I. Putre- factive change. 2. The ultimate catabolic state ; de- cline of life, of health, or of any one or more func- tions. Dece's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Oeceateied l^ens (de-sen'-terd lenz). 1. A lens thicker at one side than at the other. 2. A lens so mounted that the visual line does not pass through its center. Decentration (de-sen-tra'-shun) [de, from ; centrum, a center]. Removal from a center. Decephalization (de-sefal-iz-a'-shun) [de, away from ; KE(pa?\,^, head]. In biology, applied to retrograde changes or simplification in the head parts. Decerehrated (de-ser'-e-bra-ted) [^/c, from; cerebrum, the brain] . Deprived of the cerebrum ; said of birds and other animals that have been thus vivisected for observational study. De Chaumont's Formula. A formula for determining the volume of pure air necessary to maintain a certain standard of purity in the atmosphere. It is as follows : d ^ —; d = the volume of air to be delivered per hour in cubic feet ; e = the quantity of CO.; that each person is assumed to evolve per hour ; p = the amount of impurity in a cubic foot of air. Decidua (de-sid'-u-ah) [deciduus, a falling off]. The membranous envelop of the ovum derived from the mother and cast off at birth with the placenta, etc. D., Ovular. See D. reflexa. D., Placental. See D. serotina. D. reflexa, that part of the decidua growing about the ovum and enclosing it as a sac. D. serotina, that part of the decidua vera upon which the ovum lies, and from which the placenta is subse- quently formed. D., Uterine. See D. vera. D. vera, the thickened, vascular, spongy mucous mem- brane of the gravid uterus. DECIDUAL 356 DEELIN^ OLEUM Decidual (de-sid'.-u-al) \decidutis, a falling off]. Belonging to the decidua. D. Cells, a proliferation of young connective-tissue cells above the uterine glands, taking place after the ovum is impregnated, and producing an hypertrophy of the mucous mem- brane of the uterus. D. Endometritis. See Endometritis. Deciduoma [de-sid-u-o' -maK) [deciduus, a falling off; bjia, a tumor: //. Deciduomata\. An intra-uterine neoplasm, containing decidual relics, and believed to arise from some hyperplasia of a retained portion of the decidua. Deciduous (de-sid' -u-us) \de, away, from ; caofere, to fall] . In biology, falling off. Applied to leaves that fall in autumn, and to the calyx and corolla when they fall off before the fruit develops. In dental anatomy, ap- plied to the milk-teeth or temporary teeth. D. Skin. See Keratolysis. D. Teeth, the temporary teeth or milk-teeth are so called because, after subserving the purposes of early childhood, they are removed by an operation of the economy, to give place to others of a larger size and of a more solid texture. See Teeth, TeTnporary. Decigram {des' -e-grani) \decimus, tenth; gramma, gram]. One-tenth of a gram or 1.54. grains troy. See Metric System. Deciliter [des' -e-le-ter) \decimus, tenth; litra, liter]. One-tenth of a liter, or 3.52 English fluidounces or 3.38 U. S. fluidounces. See Metric System. Decimeter (des'-e-tne-ter) [deci?nus, tenth ; nhpov, a measure]. One-tenth of a meter, or 3.937 inches. See Metric System. Decinormal (des-e-nor' -mal) \decimus, tenth ; norma, normal]. Having one-tenth the strength of the normal, as a solution. Deck Plug (dek' plug). A short wooden cylinder that may be of various sizes, used by ship-builders, and employed in pathologic laboratories for making paper boxes in which the specimens may be embed- ded. A strip of thin paper is wound around the plug and held in place by a rubber band, sufficient paper projecting above to form a cylindric box with a wooden bottom. Declinate (dek'-lin-St) [de, down ; clinare, to bend]. In biology, bent downward. Declination (dek-lin-a' -shun) [declinare, to decline]. The dip of the magnetic needle. Declinator (dek' -lin-a-tor) \declinare, to decline]. An instrument for keeping the dura out of harm's way during the act of trephining. Decline (de-klm') \declinare, to bend]. A marked deterioration ; weakness of the body ; an enfeebling chronic state of disease : the decreasing stage, as of a fever. Also a popular term for Pulmonary tuberculosis. Declivis cerebelli (de-kli'-vis ser-e-bel' -i) [L.]. The sloping posterior aspect of the monticulus of the cere- bellum. Decoction {de-kok'-shun) \decoquere, to boil down]. A decoction, or " tea." In pharmacy, a liqtdd prepara- tion obtained by boiling vegetable substances in water. There are two official decocta, besides one in the national formulary, and twelve in the British phar- macopeia. Decoctum (de-kok' -turn) [L. : pi., Decocta"]. A de- coction. Decollated [de-kol' -a-ted) [de, away, from ; collum, neck]. In biology, applied to univalve shells the apices of which have been lost ; beheaded. Decollation (de-kol-a'-shun). See Decapitation. Decollator [de-kol' -a-tor) \decollare, to behead]. An in- strument used in embryotomy for decapitating the fetus. Decoloration [de-kul-or-a' -shun) \decolorare, to deprive of color]. The operation of discharging the color of an organic substance, usually by bleaching or by filtration through animal charcoal. Decolorize [de-kul' -or-lz) \decolorare, to deprive of color]. To remove the excess of coloring-matter from stained histologic preparations, for purposes of differentiation. Decomposition [de-kom-po-zish' -uri) \decomponere, to decompose]. The separation of the component prin- ciples of a body, either by chemic analysis or by putrefactive fermentation. Decompound [de-kom' -pound) [de, away, from; com- posilus, compound]. In biology, many times com- pound, as certain leaves. Decongestive [de-kon-jes'-tiv) [de, from ; congerere, to bring together]. Relieving congestion. Decortication [de-kor-tik-a' -,shun) [de, from ; cortex, the bark], i. The operation of removing or stripping the bark or husk of a plant. 2. The stripping off of portions of the cortical substance of the brain from the summits of the gyri. This lesion is often witnessed in post-mortem examinations of the brain after death from paretic dementia, and is partly due to the ab- normal adhesion of the gray matter to the meninges. Decrepit [de-krep'-it) [decrepitus, old]. Broken down with age. Decrepitation [de-krep-it-a'-shun) [decrepitare, to crackle]. The crackling noise made by certain crystalline bodies when their water of crystallization is driven off by heat. It is caused by the conversion of the imprisoned water into steam. Decrepitude [de-krep' -it-ud) [decrepitus, decrepit]. The state of being decrepit ; senility ; the feebleness of old age. Decrescent [de-kres' -ent) [decrescere, to decrease]. In biology, gradually tapering or diminishing from below upward. Decubitus [de-ku' -bit-us) [decumbere, to lie down], A term denoting a recumbent or horizontal position. Also, the position of a sick person while in bed. D., Acute, a form of bed-sore, sometimes seen in con- nection with cerebral lesions. Decumbent [de-kum' -bent) [de, down ; cumbere, to lie]. In biology, bent to one side ; reclining. Decurrent [de-kur' -ent) [de, down ; currere, to run]. In biology, applied to leaves that are prolonged down the side of the stem below the point of their insertion. Decussate [de-kus'-at) [decussatus, cross]. In biology, arranged in pairs that successively cross each other. To intersect. A term applied to nerve-fibers and to muscle fibers that interlace. Decussatio [de-kus-a' -she-o) [L.]. A crossing. D. pontinalis (more correctly pontilis), in the pons, a decussation of tegmental fibers from the thalamus. Decussation [de-kus-a' -shun) [decussatio, a crossing]. Achiasma or X-shaped crossing, especially of nerves, or of nerve-filaments. The principal decussations are that of the optic nerve, and that of the pyramids : i. e., of the anterior pyramids of the oblongata. Decussorium [de-kus-o' -re-um) [L.]. An instrument for depressing the dura after the operation of trephin- ing, so as to facilitate the removal of pus, blood, or abnormal effusions. Dedentition [de-den-tish'-un) [de, down ; dens, a tooth]. The shedding of the teeth, especially the milk-teeth. Dedolation [ded-o-la'-skun) [dedolatio, a hewing off]. The removal of a slice by cutting ; a wound by which, a part is cut off. Deduplication [de-du-plik-a'-shun) [deduplicare, to divide in tviro]. In biology, the same as Chorisis, q. v. Deelinae Oleum. A highly refined petroleum oil manu- DEEMETINIZE 357 DEGRADATION factored on the Dee River. It is said to be valuable as a local application in eczema, etc. Unof. Deemetinize \de-em-et' -in-lz). To deprive ipecacuanha of its emetic principle, emetin. Mccf [dip) \WE,. , depe\. Not superficial ; not situated near the surface. See Profundus. D. Reflexes. See Reflexes, Table of. D. Water, water obtained from a porous substance beneath the first impervious stratum. Deer-berry (dir' -ber-e) . A popular name for Gaultheria frocumbens. Defatigatio ( de-fat-ig-a' -she-o ) [ L. ] . Over-fatigue ; overstrain, as of the heart-muscle. D. mentis, brain-fag. Defecation {def-ek-a' -shun) \defcecare, to separate from the dregs]. The evacuation of the bowels, or dis- charge of feces. Defect [de-feci') [defectus, a failure]. A lack or fail- ure ; absence of any part or organ ; absence or failure of a normal function. Defemination (de-fem-in-a'-shun). See Eviration. Defensive Proteids. Hankin's name for those sub- stances formed in the bodies of animals that render them immune to certain diseases. See also Sozin, Phylaxin, Mycosozin^ Toxosozin, Mycophylaxin, Toxo- phylaxin. Alexin. Deferent [def'-er-ent) [deferens, carrying away]. Car- rying away or down ; efferent. See Vas. Deferentitis {def-er-en-ti'-tis) [deferens, carrying away ; iTif, inflammation]. Inflammation of a vas deferens. Defervescence {de-fer-ves' -ens) [defervescere, to cease boiling]. A term applied to periods during the course of fevers in which the temperature falls. Defibrillation (de-fi-bril-a' -shuri) [de, from ; fibrilla, a small fiber] . The tearing of the brain-substance in the direction of the least resistance, in order to make cleavage-preparations . Defibrination [de-fl-brin-a' -shun) [de, from ; fibra, a fiber] . The removal of fibrin from blood or lymph. Definition (defin-ish' -un) [definitio ; definire, to bound by limits]. In optics, the power of an object-glass to show clear outlines of area or structure, free from ab- erration or distortion. Defixus ide-fiks'-us) [defigere, to fasten]. Impotent; sexually powerless ; an old term based upon the idea of a spell vfrought by an enemy being the cause of the condition indicated. Deflagration {def-lag-ra' -shun) [deflagrare, to be con- sumed]. A sudden, violent combustion, such as accompanies the oxidation of certain inorganic sub- stances by mixing with an easily decomposing salt, such as the alkaline chlorates and nitrates. Deflex [de-fleks') [deflexus, to turn aside]. In biology, to bend down. Deflorate (de-flo' -rat) [defloratus, to deprive of flow- ers]. In biology, said of a plant or anther that has lost its pollen or flowers, or is past the flowering state. Defloration (def-lo-ra' -shun) [de, from ; flora, a flower]. On the part of the female the first sexual connection effected by consent, not by rape. The loss of those marks or features that indicate virginity, as rupture of the hymen. Defluvium capillorum (de-flu' -ve-um kap-il-or'-um). Synonym of Alopecia simplex. Defluxion {de-fluk' -shun) [defluxio ; de, down ; fluere, to flow]. I. A catarrh ; a descent of the humors or secretions. 2. A rapid falling, as of the hair or eye- brows. Defoedatio unguium {de-fe-da' -she-o un'-gwe-um) [L. , " Fouling of the nails "]. Excessive thickness, with foul appearance of the nails, which often become partly detached from the matrix. Defoliate [de-fo'-le-at) [de priv. ; folium, a leaf]. To de- stroy the leaves of a plant, or to cause them to drop off. Deforestation (de-for-es-ta' -shun) [de, down ; foresta, a forest]. The stripping of a country or district of its forests, a process that has a direct influence upon the public health for good or for evil. Deformation {de-for-ma' -shun) [deformere, to disfigure or distort]. A process by which the body or any of its parts acquires an abnormal shape. Deformity (de-form' -it-e) [deformitas, a deformity]. Abnormal shape or structure of a body or any part. D., Anterior. See Lordosis. Defunctionalization (de-funk-shun-al-iz-a' -shuri). Fail- ure or deprival of a function. Degasify i.de-gaz'-if-i) [de priv. ; gas^. To expel from wood, coal-tar or other substance all moisture and gaseous material, by means of the application of heat. Degener's Test. See Tests, Table of. Degeneration (de-jen-er-a' -shun) [degenerare, to differ from ancestors] . Deterioration, degradation, or retro- gression of the molecular or cellular structure of a tissue, organ, or cell, so that it can no longer maintain its function ; passage from an anastate to a catastate, or from one catastate to a lower one. Atrophy is a form of degeneration. D., Amyloid or D., Albu- minoid, now regarded as an infiltration from without, and not as a degeneration of the proper cells and fibers. See Albuminoid Disease. D., Ascending, that which takes place in centripetal fibers after a de- structive lesion of the spinal cord. D., Atheromatous. See Endarteritis, Chronic. D., Black. Synonym of Melanosis and of Anthracosis. D., Calcareous, the deposition of insoluble compounds of calcium and magnesium within the tissues. Caseation. See Casea- tion. Cloudy Swelling. See Cloudy Swelling. D., Colloid, akin to mucoid, the disorganized material becoming of a structureless, semi-solid, jelly-like con- sistence. D., Descending, that which takes place in the centrifugal fibers of the cord after a destructive lesion between the central cortex and the anterior nerve-roots. D., Fatty, the conversion of the proteids of a cell or fiber into oil. D., Fibroid, the substi- tution of fibrous for a higher grade of tissue. D., Glassy, the halo-granular change of the heart-muscle seen in fevers. D., Gray, in nervous tissue a de- generation due to chronic inflammation, and charac- terized by the production of a gray color. D., Hyaline, the disorganized tissue becomes shining and translucent. D., Hydropsic, a form of de- generation in which the degenerating cells imbibe large quantities of water. D., Lardaceous. See Albuminoid Disease. D., Mucoid, hyper-secretion followed by disorganization of the mucus-cells. D., Reaction of. See Reaction of Degeneration. D., Senile, the widely disseminated degenerative changes, largely fibroid in character, that mark old age. D., System, degeneration of a system of fibers, in con- tradistinction to insular or scattered degeneration. D.,Waxy. ?:ee^ Albuminoid Disease. D., Zenker's. Same as D., Glassy. Deglutable (deg-lut'-a-bl) [degluHtio, a swallowing ; — - - - (ja being swallowed. ME., able, capable]. Capable of swallowing, or of Deglutitio impedita (de-glu-tish' -e-o im-pe-di'-tah). Synonym of Dysphagia. Deglutition [deg-lu-tish'-un) [rf^^/»A'rt'o, a swallowing] . The act of swallowing. Degmus (deg'-mus) [SriyfiiQ, a sting; pain]. A gnawing pain in the stomach. Degradation (deg-rad-a' -shun) [degradatio, a descent by steps] . Gradual physiologic and histologic change for the worse ; degeneration ; retrograde metamor- phosis. DEGRAS 358 DELIRIUM Degras (de'-gras). See Leather. Degrease {de-grls') [Fr., digraisser\. To remove fat, as from bones in the preparation of skeletons. Degreasing (de-gres' -ing) [Fr. , digraisser\. Removing the fat, as from bones. Degree [de-gre') [de,irom; gradus , a. sie^']. Position in a graded series ; quality. The units or intervals of thermometric scales. Also, a charter or testimonial of qualification granted by a medical or other college. In trigonometry the ,^;y part of the arc of a circle. Degut (de-guf) [Russ.]. Birch oil or tar. See Birch. Dehio's Method. A method of outlining the stomach. About a quart of water is introduced in separate quan- tities of a half- pint each, and after the ingestion of each portion, the lower crescentic limit of flatness against the tympanitic transverse colon is outlined. The normal stomach with this additional weight will not quite reach the level of the umbilicus, while in case of dilatation its descent will be rapid and considerable. Dehisce {de-his') \_de, off; hiscere, to gape]. In bi- ology, to split open. Applied to the splitting open of anthers to shed their pollen, of antheridia to set free their antherozoids, of sporangia to she,d their spores, of certain fruits to shed their seeds, etc. Dehiscence [de-his' -ens) \de, off; hiscere, to gape or yawn] . In biology, the act of dehiscing or splitting open. Dehorn [de, away from; ME., horn]. To deprive cattle of their horns. Dehumanization [de-hu-man-iz-a' -shun) \_de, from ; humanus, human]. I. The loss of the proper char- acteristics of humanity, either by insane persons, or by debased criminals. 2. The supposed loss of some quality pertaining to the human species ; as in the alleged dehumam%ation of vaccine virus. Dehydration (de-hi-dra' -shuri) \de, away from ; v&ap (idp-), water]. The necessary removal of water from microscopic preparations previously to clearing and mounting in balsam. Absolute alcohol is generally best ; anilin is used in special cases in which alcohol is inadmissible. 96 per cent, alcohol will answer if xylol or cedar oil be used as the clearing-agent, and should always be used with celloidin sections. It is also called Anhydration. Deiters' Cells. Certain cellular structures between the outer hair-cells of the organ of Corti. Also certain nucleated cells at the intersection of the fibers of the white substance of nerves. Deiters' Cells (spider- cells) are also found in the neuroglia, especially in that of diseased brain-tissue. D. Nucleus, a nucleus lying in the direct sensory cerebellar tract of the medulla oblongata. Its function is unknown. See Nucleus magno-cellularis. D. Process, the process of a nerve- cell, that goes to form an axis-cylinder. Dejection \de jek' -shun) \_dejectio: de, down; jacere, to throw]. The discharge of fecal or other excremen- titious matter ; the matter so discharged. Also, a state of despondency. Dejectiones nigrse (de-jek-she-o'-ne% ni'-gre) [L.]. Synonym of Melena. Dekagram (dek'-a-gram). See Decagram. Dekaliter [dek'-a-le-ter). See Decaliter. Dekameter [dek'-a-me-ter). See Decameter. Del Toro's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Delafleld's Hematoxylin. See Hematoxylin and Stains. Delagarde's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Delamination [de-lam-in-a' -shun) \de, away ; lamina, a thin metal plate]. In biology, applied to the split- ting of the blastoderm into two layers. De la Rue's Method. A method of preparing carminic acid. Exhaust cochineal in boiling water. Precipi- tate the extract with plumbic acetate slightly acidulated with acetic acid, care being taken not to add an excess of the lead. Wash the precipitate with distilled water until the wash-water ceases to give a precipitate with mercuric chlorid ; then decompose it with hydrogen sulphid ; filter, evaporate the filtrate to a syrupy con- sistence on a water-bath, and dry ; extract the dark- purple product with alcohol,, which dissolves out the carminic acid. See Stains, Table of. Delayed Symptoms. A terra used as a synonym of Shock, Deferred, q. v. Deleterious (aSfZ-f^-^'-r^-aj) [(5)?/l)?ri^piof, hurtful]. Hurt- ful, injurious. Delffs' Tests. See Tests, Table of. Delhi Boil (del'-he boil). See Furunculus orientalis. Delicate [del'-ik-at) \delicatus, delicate]. Of arefined constitution. Feeble. In a condition of poor health. Deligation (del-ig-a' -shun) \deligatio, a binding]. Li- gation, as of an artery ; bandaging, as of a wound. De LigneroUe's Operation. See Operations, Table of Deliquescence (del-ik-wes' -ens) \deliquescere, to melt away]. The breaking down as a result of the ab- sorption of water from the atmosphere, characteristic of certain substances. Such substances are said to be hygroscopic. Deliquescent [del-ik-wes' -eni) \deliquescere, to melt away] . In biology, dissolving ; applied to a stem that divides into branches. Deliquium [del-ik' -we-um) [L.]. An absence. D. animi. I. Failure of the mind; mental decay; melan- choly; lownessof the spirits. 2. Syncope or fainting. Delirament [de-lir' -am-ent) \deliramentum, delirium]. Delirium. Deliration [de-lir-a' -shun) \_Deliratio, delirium]. De- lirium. Deliriant [de-lir' -e-ant) \de, out of; lira, the furrow]. An agent that acts on the brain, so as to disorder the mental faculties and produce confusion of will-power. Delirifacient [de-lir-e-fa' -she-ent) [delirium, delirium; facere, to make] . Producing delirium. Delirious [de-lir' -e-us) [delirus, mad, raving]. Af- fected with delirium ; wandering in mind. Delirium [de-lir' -e-um) [delirium, madness]. A dis- turbance of the cerebral functions manifested by im paired action of the nerve-centers, characterized by hallucinations, an incoherence of speech, a staggering gait, etc. D., Alcoholic. See D. tremens. D. ambitiosum, a condition of boastfulness that is some- times manifest in the course of paretic dementia. D. cordis, a peculiar condition of the myocardium re- sulting when chloroform vapor is administered above a certain point of concentration. The myocardium fails to contract and rapidly becomes insensitive to stimulation, being thrown only into fibrillary contrac- tion. A heart once so dilated beyond the point of its ability to re-contract never recovers, and death results. D. ebrositatis. See D. tremens. D., Febrile, the delirium of fever. D. furibundum, acute ma- nia. D. of Grandeur, delirium ambitiosum, D. mussitans, low, muttering delirium. D. nervosum, the delirium following severe surgical operations, or injuries. D. palignosticum, that in which the pa- tient asserts that he has been before in a place to which he has come for the first time. D. persecu- tionis, that in which the patient imagines himself the object of persecution. D. potatorum, synonym of D. tremens. D., Senile, the delirium of old age; dotage. D., Toxic, the delirium caused by poisons. D. tremens, the delirium arising from alcoholic pois- oning, and usually following some acute sickness., overwork, or the shock consequent upon an injury or surgical operation. It is characterized by constant DELITESCENCE 359 DENDRITIC tremor, great exhaustion, distressing illusions and hallucinations. D. vigilans. See D. tremens. Delitescence {del-it-es' -ens) [deliiescere, to lie hid]. The sudden disappearance of inflammation by resolu- tion. Also, the period of incubation of the virus of contagious diseases, such as smallpox, etc. Delivery (de-liv' -er-e) [Fr., delivrer ; deliberare, to set free], rarturition, childbirth. D., Post-mortem, the birth of a fetus after the death of the mother, from an accumulation of gases in the uterine cavity. Delomoiphous (del-o-mor' -fus) [d^/lflf, conspicuous; liopAij , ioim\. With open or conspicuous form. D. Cells of Rollet, collections of large, oval, or angular, well-defined, granular, reticulated, nucleated cells, between the membrana propria and the adelomorphous cells of the fundus glands of the gastric mucous mem- brane. They are called, also. Parietal Cells of Heidenhain, or Oxyntic Cells of Langley. The secretory part of the tubes is lined by cells called Adelomorphous, Central, or Principal Cells. Delore's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Delpech's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Delphin (liel'fin). Same as Delphinin. Delphini Oleum (del-fi'-ni o'-le-um) [L.]. The oil of the common porpoise, Pkoccena communis. It is said to have all the medicinal virtues of cod-liver oil, without the disagreeable qualities of the latter. Delphinin (del' fin-in) [dtvldiivioi/, larkspur], CjjHjj- NOj. A poisonous alkaloid from Staphisagria. See Staphisagria. Delphinium [del-fin' -e-um). See Staphisagria. Delphinoidin (del-fn-oid'-in) [SsTuijiivLov , larkspur; .dSoQ, like]. An amorphous alkaloid derived from Stavesaere. 'Dei-p\\ism[del'-fis-in) [rfc/l^iwov, larkspur], Cj^H^gNjOg. An alkaloid of Stavesacre occurring in crystalline tufts. Delta (del'-tah) {pekra, the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet]. The vulva, from its triangular shape. D. mesoscapulae, the triangular area at the root of the spine of the scapula. Deltidium (del-tid'-e-um) [the Greek letter A, de/lra]. In biology, applied to the triangular space on a brach- iopod shell, between the beak and the hinge. Deltoid (del'-toid) [delta, the Greek letter A; dSoQ, likeness] . Having the shape of a delta, or a triangular form, as the D. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Delusion (de-lu' -zhun) \_de, from; lusus, play]. A false judgment of objective things, as distinguished from illusion and hallucination. It is the result of an abnormal condition of the brain. A delusion may be systematized or unsystematized, the former being the more serious and met with in the chronically insane. Delusional (de-lu' -zhun-al) [deludere, to delude]. Of the nature of a delusion ; characterized by delusions. D. Stupor. See Insanity, Confusional. Demarcation (de-mark-a' -shun) \demarcare, to set the bounds of]. A line of separation, as between gan- grenous and healthy tissue. Demarquay's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Demembration (de-mem-bra' -shun) [demembrare, to deprive of a hmb or limbs]. The cutting off of a member ; amputation ; castration. Dement (de'-ment) \_demens, insane]. An insane per- son ; one who is demented. Dementia (de-men' -she-ah) [de, out of; mens, the mind]. A mild form of insanity marked by imper- fect conception, illogical sequence of expression, loss of reflection, and impaired perception. There is par- tial loss of self-control and self-respect. Dementia is often a final stage of other forms of insanity. It is described under the various forms of secondary, senile, organic, and alcoholic. There ' is a general atrophy of the brain-substance, with a compensatory thickening of the brain-membranes, and an increase of the fluid of the brain and of the neuroglia. Demersal, or Demersed (de-mer'-sal, or de-merst') \_demersus, plunge into]. In biology, growing beneath the surface of water, as the eggs of the catfish. Demi- (dem'-e-). A Latin prefix denoting one-half. Demilune Cells {dem'-e-lUn selz) \demiius, half; luna, moon]. See Cell D. C.of Adamkiewicz. A pecu- liar form of nerve-corpuscle lying below the neuri- lemma of meduUated nerve-fibers ; it is stained yellow by safranin. D. C. of Heidenhain, half-moon shaped bodies lying between the cells and the membrana propria of the alveolus in the salivary glands. Demimonstrosity (dem-e-mon-stros'-it-e) [demi, ha.\{; monstruosus, monstrous]. A variety of congenital deformity that does not give rise to appreciable dis- order of function. Demme, Bacillus and Micrococcus of. See Bac- teria, Synonymatic Table of. Demnia (dem'-ne-ah) [rfe/iV(ov, a bed]. In biology, the subgenital cavities found in the DiscovieduscB ; they are also called respiratory cavities, genital cavi- ties, umbrella-cavities of the reproductive organs ; infundibula subgenitalia. Demodex (dem' -o-deks) [Sti/j,6i, fat,- (5^f, an insect]. A genus of parasitic insects. D. folliculorum , a minute parasite found in the sebaceous follicles, par- ticularly of the face. It probably does not produce any symptoms, though in large numbers it may produce acne. See Comedo, also Parasites (Animal) , Table of. Demography ( de-mog' -ra-fe) [ Sij^oq, the people ; ypa<^sLv, to write]. The science of peoples collectively considered ; social science, including that of vital sta- tistics and the consideration of various questions of state medicine. De Moivre's Hypothesis. An hypothesis that the de- crements of population are in arithmetic proportion, and that of every 86 persons born, one dies uniformly every year until all are extinct. Demonolatry (de-mon-ol' -at-re) [Saifiuv, a demon ; Aar- peia, worship] . Insane or delusional worship of devils ; the morbid assumption of the character of a witch. Demonomania (de-mo-no-ma' -ne-ah) [Saijiuv, a devil; fiauia, madness]. A form of madness in which a person imagines himself possessed of a devil. Demonomaniac ( de-mo-no-ma' -ne-ak ) [ Saifiav, a devil ; fiavla, madness]. One who suffers with demo- nomania. Demonopathy (de-mon-op' -a-the) [ daifwv, a demon ; waBog, disease]. Same as Demonomania. Demonstrator (dem'-on-stra-tor) \_demonstrare, to show]. One who instructs in the practical application of the arts and sciences. De Morgan's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Demours, Membrane of. See Descemel's Membrane. Demulcent (de-mul' -sent) \demulcere, to smooth]. I Soothing ; locally softening and lenitive. 2. Any substance that protects the mucous membranes. It is generally of a mucilaginous nature. Demutization (de-mu-tiz-a' -shun) \de, not ; mutus, dumb]. The education of deaf-mutes to speak and to understand spoken language by the movement of the lips, signs, etc. Denan's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Denarcotized (de-nar' -ko-tlzd) \de, priv.; vapiiunicdc, narcotic]. Having the narcotin removed, as opium. Dendrite (den'-drit) {ikviptm, a tree]. A protoplasmic process of « nerve-cell. Dendritic, or Dendroid (den-drit'-ii, or dm'-droid) \_ihvdpir7jQ ; ievSposiSriQ ; divSpov, a tree]. Tree-like or arborescent. The arrangement of the structures that DENDROCELUS 360 make up the arbor vitce of the cerebellum, or that of the uterus, is dendritic. Dendrocelus [iien~dro-se' -lus) \J)kv&fiQv^ a tree ; KotVta^ belly]. In biology, having a branched intestine. Dendrodentine (aen-di o-iie)t' -Hn) \_6hSpcfti, a tree ; dentine, tooth- tissue]. In biology, a tooth -tissue formed by the blending of the dentine, enamel, and cement of many teeth. Dendron [den^ -dron) \_^kv6poVj a tree]. Same as Dendrite. Dendrostyle [den' -dro-stll) \_Sivfipov, tree ; arvloq, pillar]. In biology, Huxley's term for the stalk of the hydroid stage of certain hydrozoans. Dengue [deng'-ga] [West Ind.]. A zymotic disease somewhat resembling remittent fever, but much more severe. It is characterized by racking pain in the head and eyeballs, pain in the back and knees, arthralgia, catarrhal inflammation of those mucous surfaces that are exposed to the air, swollen salivary glands, and measly eruptions. Cf. Bacteria, Synonyuintic Tuhle of. Denidation {de-7ii-da' -shun) \_de priv. ; nidus, a nest]. During involution after pregnancy, the process of dis- integration and casting off of the superficial portion of the uterine mucosa. Denis's Plasmin. A precipitate of uncoagulated blood with sodic sulphate, and treated with sodic chlorid. Denneth's System. See Treatment, Methods of. De novo (i/i? ws'-z/o) [L.]. Anew. Dens {denz) [L. ://. , Dentes^ A tooth. See Teeth. Density (den'-sit-e) [densitas, thickness]. Closeness; compactness. In electro-therapeutics, the amount of electricity accumulated on a unit of surface. Dent (don{g)) [Fr.]. A tooth. Dentagra [den-ta' -grah) \dens, a tooth; ay pa, a seizure]. I. The Denticeps, an instrument for extracting teeth ; a tooth- forceps. 2. The term is also applied to tooth- ache. Dental (den'-tal) \dens, a tooth : gen., Dentis"]. Pertain- ing to the teeth. D. Apparatus, the teeth, together with the alveoli in which they are implanted, and the jaws ; also a set of artificial teeth. The instruments and appliances employed in dental operations are likewise so termed. D. Arches, arcades dentaires. The arches formed by the teeth when arranged in their sockets in the alveolar borders, or the arch formed by the alveolar process of each jaw. D. Arteries, the arteries supply- ing the teeth. See Arteries, Table of. D. Atrophy, atrophia dentalis. ^&^Atrophy of the Teeth. D.Bone, dentine. The osseous part of a tooth. D. Canals, the canals that perforate the alveoli, and give passage to the blood-vessels and nerves that enter the teeth at the extremities of their roots. See Canal. D. Caries, caries of the teeth. D. Cavity, cavitaspulpse; cavum dentis ; antrum dentale. The pulp-cavity. The cavity occupied by the dental pulp in the interior of a tooth. Its shape resembles that of the tooth ; it is larger in young persons than in old, and when the teeth suffer great loss of substance, either from mechanical or spon- taneous abrasion, it sometimes becomes completely ob- literated. See Abrasion of the Teeth. D. Engine, a machine first introduced in 1870, but since greatly im- proved, and which has almost wholly superseded the use of hand-burs and drills. It is operated like a dental lathe, and possesses a flexible cable, or an adjustable arm and hand-piece, which afford great facility of movement and adaptation. By means of attachments to the hand-piece, drills can be operated at a right angle with the shaft, at an acute angle, or with a back- ward inclination of nearly forty-five degrees. Burnishers, discs, etc., are also adapted to these dental engines. D. Excavator, an instrument employed for the removal of the decayed part of a tooth, preparatory to the operation of filling. D. Exostosis. See DENTES Exostosis of the Teeth. D. File, a file manufactured for operations on the teeth. See File, Dental. D. Forceps. See Forceps for Extracting Teeth. D. Glands. See Gland. D. Gtoove, a furrow on the lower border of the upper jaw early in fetal life, in which the teeth are developed. D. Laboratory, a room or place where the operations connected with mechanical dentistry are performed. D. Necrosis, odontonecrosis. 'af:& Necrosis of the Teeth. D. Neu- ralgia, a form of neuralgia the immediate exciting cause of which is owing to some disease of the dental pulp. See Odontalgia. D. Organism, the organism of the teeth ; the organic structure of these organs ; the vital forces that govern them. D. Orthopedia, the art of correcting deformity occasioned by irregular- ity of the teeth, or other causes. See Irregularity of the Teeth. D. Pathology, considers the causes and different forms of the various diseases to which the teeth are liable. D . Periostitis, periostitis dentium. In- flammation of the dental periosteum or peridental membrane. See Odontalgia, and Pei'iodontitis . D. Pulp, a soft, vascular, and highly sensitive sub- stance, of a reddish-gray color, occupying the cavityof a living tooth. It also constitutes the rudiment of a tooth. The dental pulp is the principal blood-supply and nerve-supply of the dentine. D. Pulp, Destruction of; there are two methods of destroying the pulp ; one by an operation, such as the use of a barbed brooch ; the other by the application of some devitalizing agent, as arsenious acid. D. Ridges, the projecting borders of the primitive dental groove. D. Sac, the sac that encloses the developing tooth in the embryo. D. Surgeon (chirurgien dentiste), surgeon-dentist, one who devotes himself to the study and treatment of the diseases of the teeth, and their connections, and the adoption of substitutes for them when, by age, accident or disease, they are lost. D. Therapeutics, con- siders the methods and medicaments used in the treat- ment of diseases of the teeth. D. tubuli, the tubes occurring in the structure of the dentine. Dentalgia ( den-ial' -je-aK) [ dens, tooth ; oAyof, pain]. Tooth-ache. Dentalis lapis (den-ta'-lis la' -pis') [L.]. Salivary cal- culus ; tartar of the teeth. Dentaphone (den' -taf-on) [dens, too\h; ^um?, sound]. A modification of the audiphone, q. v., by means of which the sound-waves are transmitted through the bones of the head to the auditory apparatus. Dentarpaga [den-tar' -pa-gah) [dens, tooth; aprAp;, hook]. An instrument for the extraction of teeth. Dentate [den'-tat) [dens, a tooth]. In biology, ap- plied to leaves, wings, or other flattened organs that have their margins provided with acute teeth that point directly outward from the margin. Dentatum [den-ta' -turn) [L.]. The dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. D. olivae. See Dentoliva. Dentes [den'-tez) [L., the plural of dens']. Teeth. See Teeth. D. acuti, the incisor teeth. D. adulti, the teeth of second dentition. D. adversi, the incisor teeth. D. angulares, the canine or cuspid teeth, so called, probably, because they are situated at the an- gles of the alveolar arch, at the corners of the mouth, or from the angular shape of their crowns. D . bicus- pidati, bicuspid teeth. D. canini, the cuspid or ca- nine teeth ; so called from their resemblance to the teeth of a dog. D. cariosi, carious teeth. D. colum- ellares, the molar teeth. D. cuspidati, cuspid teeth. D. exserti [exsertere, to thrust out], teeth that project or are in front of the dental arch, but applied more particularly to the cuspidati. D. incisores, in- cisor teeth. D. lactei, the milk, temporary, or de- ciduous teeth. See Deciduous Teeth. D. molares, DENTICULATE 361 DENUDATE Incisors. molar teeth. D. primores, the incisor teeth ; so called because they occupy the front or anterior part of the dental arch. D. sapientiae, the wisdom-teeth. A name given to the third molar tooth of each half of the jaws. D. tomici \tomicus, cutting], the incisor teeth. Denticulate (den-tik' -u-laf) \denticulus, a small tooth]. In biojogy, having minute dentations. Furnished with small teeth. Denticulus (den-tik' -u-lus) [L.]. A little tooth. Dentier((/o«(^)-i'^-a') [Fr.]. A French word signifying a base of metal, ivory or any other substance, employed as a support or attachment for artificial teeth. The term is also sometimes applied to a set of artificial teeth. Dentification (den - tif- ik - a'- shuri) [dens, a tooth; facere, to make]. The forma- tion of teeth. Incisors. Canine. Millc molars. Canine. Bicuspids. Molars. Wisdom tooth. The Temporary Teeth. The top section of illustration is the upper set, and * the bottom section is the lower set. Dentiform (den' -tif-orm) [dens, a tooth ; forma, shape]. In biology, tooth-like. Dentifrice (den'-Hf-ris) [dens, tooth; fricere, to rub]., A substance used for cleansing the teeth. Dentigerous (den-iif -er-us') [dens, a tooth ; gerere, to carry]. In biology, bearing teeth. Dentinal (den' -iin-al) [dens, a tooth]. Pertaining to or composed of dentine. Dentinailgia (den-tin-al' -je-aK) [dens, ■- tooth ; akyo^, pain] . Pain in dentine. Dentine (den' -tin) [dens, a tooth]. The bony structure of the tooth, lying under the enamel of the crown and the pericementum of the root. D., Sensitive- ness of, a hypersensitive condition of the dentine of a tooth, occasioned by distal irritation of the dentinal fibrils. See Sensitive Dentine. Dentinitis (dentin-i'-tis) [dens, a tooth; inf, inflamma- tion] . Inflammation of the dentinal fibrils. Dentiphone (den' -tif -on) [o'^« j, a tooth ; (j)ai>fi, a voice]. A form of audiphone in which the vibrating disc is attached to the teeth. Dentist (den'-tist) [dens, a tooth] . Dentista ; odontia- ter ; a dental surgeon. See Dental Surgeon. The Teeth of an Adui.t. The top section of illustration is the upper set, and the bottom is the lower set. Dentistry (den' -tis-tre) [dens, a tooth]. Odontotechny ; odontiatria ; odontotherapia ; dental surgery, embrac- ing everything pertaining to the treatment and re- placement of the loss of the natural teeth. Dentitio (den-tish' -e-o) [L.]. Dentition. Dentition (den-tish' -un) [dens, a tooth]. The cutting or first appearance of the teeth in infarify. Also, the arrangement and evolution of the teeth. Dentition is primary, that is, the cutting of the temporary or milk teeth, and secondary, or that of the permanent teeth. There are always some vague symptoms associated with the process, such as fretfulness, restlessness, con- vulsions, diarrhea, painful and swollen gum, which may be relieved by lancing over the protruding tooth. Dentium (den'-she-um) [L.: gen. of Dentii'\. Of the teeth. D, cavernae, the sockets of the teeth. D. cortex, the enamel of the teeth. D. dolor, pain in the teeth ; tooth-ache. D. niter, enamel of the teeth. D. scalptura, lancing of the gums. D. vacillantia, looseness of the teeth. Dentography (den-tog' -ra-fe) [dens, a tooth; ypaifiri, a description] . A description of teeth. Dentoliva (den-tol' -iv-a/i) [dens, a tooth ; oliva, an olive] . Dentatum olivae ; olivary nucleus ; a capsule of cinerea within the oliva of the brain. Dentology (den-tol' -o-je) [dens, a tooth; Adyof, science]. A treatise on the teeth. Dentonomy (den-ton' -o-me) [dens, a tooth ; v6jioi;, a law]. The arrangement of the teeth into classes. Dentos (den'-tos) [dens, tooth; os, bone]. Tooth' bone ; tooth-substance. Dentrification (den-trifik-a' -shun) [dens, a tooth; facere, to make]. The deposition of lime- salts on the enamel and dentine of the teeth. Dents (dahnt) [Fr.]. Teeth. D. bicuspidees, the bicuspid teeth. D. coldes, neck of the teeth. D. canides, the canine teeth. D. de lait, the milk or temporary teeth. D. machelures, the molar teeth. D. tnolares, the molar teeth. D. multicuspid6es, the large molar teeth. D. ceilleries, canine teeth. Denttxre (den'-chur) [dens, a tooth]. A complete set of teeth; the whole assemblage of teeth iii both jaws. Denudate (den'-u-dst) [denudare, to strip]. In bi- ology, lacking covering, as scales, hair, foliage. DENUDING 362 DERENCEPHALOCELE Denuding (den-u'-ding) [denudare, to denude]. A stripping or making bare. D. of the Teeth, an affec- tion that consists in tlie gradual destruction of the enamel of the anterior or labial surfaces of the inci- sors, cuspidati, and sometimes of the bicuspids ; the molars are rarely affected by it. Cenutrition (de-nu-trish' -un) [de, from ; nutriare, to nourish]. The breaking down or atrophy of tissue arising from lack of nutrition. The opposite of nutri- tion. Deobstruent {de-oy -stru-eni) \^de, from ; obstruere^ to obstruct]. A medicine that removes functional ob- structions of the body. An aperient. 'O&Q&a.-a.i (de' -o-dand) \deus,Ood.; (/ars, to give]. A fine formerly imposed on an inanimate thing or animal that had caused the injury or violent death of a person. Ji^oioxaxA {de-od'-or-anf) [uS? priv. ; oi/o^-arf, to smell]. A substance that removes or corrects offensive odors. Deodorizer {de-o' -dor-i-zer) \de priv. ; odorare, to smell]. A deodorizing agent; a substance that de- stroys offensive odors. Deontology (de-on-tol' -o~je) \&kov, right, binding ; /Wyof, science]. The science of duty. D., Medical, medi- cal ethics. Deoppilant, or Deoppilative {de-op' -il-ant, or de-op- pil'-at-iv) [de, from; oppilare, to stop]. I. Deob- struent ; aperient. 2. An aperient medicine. Deorsum (fl5?-o>-'-i«»z) [L. ]. Downward. D.vergens. See Vergens. Deossification [de-os-if-ik-a' -shun) [de, away ; M,bone; facere, to do]. The absorption of bony material; the deprivation of any part of its bony character. Deoxidation {de-oks-id-a' -shun) [de, from ; oxidatus, having oxygen]. In chemistry, the separation of an element or compound from the oxygen held in com- bination. Reduction. Deozonize (de-o' -zon-iz) [de, from ; Jfew, to smell]. To deprive of ozone. Depauperate [de-paw' -per-dt) [de, intensive ; pauper, poor]. I. To render poor; to pauperize; to im- poverish. 2. Impoverished ; ill-nourished ; under- fed, and under-grown. Depilation [dep-il-a' -shun) [depilatio, removal of hair]. The removal of hairs. Depilator (de-piU -a-ior) [depilare, to remove the hair]. An instrument for pulling out the hair. Depilatory (de-pW -at-or-e) [de, from; pilus, the hair]. 1. Having the power to remove the hair. 2. A sub- stance used to destroy the hair, usually a caustic al- kali. Deplethoric {de-pleth' -or-ik) [de priv ; ■a'kriBapri , ple- thora]. Marked by absence of plethora. Depletion [de-ple'-shun) [deplere, to empty]. The process of diminishing the quantity of any tissue or fluid of the body, especially the blood. It may be general or local, the former by venesection and purg- ing, and the latter by leeching, cupping, or scarifica- tion. Depletive, Depletory (de-ple' -tiv , de-ple' -tor-e) [deplere, to empty], r. Causing or tending toward depletion. 2. A medicine that depletes. Deplumation (de-plu-ma' -shun) [de, &^riraeTis {dep' -rim-enz) [1^."]. i. Depressing ; press- ing down. 2. A depressing muscle. D. auriculae, the retrahens auris muscle. D . oculi, the rectus in- ferior of the eye. See Muscles, Table of. Depurant {dep'-u-rani) [depurare, to purify]. i. Purifying; cleansing. 2. A medicine that purifies the animal economy. Depurative [dep'^ti-ra-tive), or Depuratory {dep'-u-ra- tor-e) [depurare, to purify]. Purifying or cleansing. D. Liver, same as Amyloid Liver, Depurator {dep' -u-ra-tor) [depurare, to purify]. Med- icine or device for promoting a depuratory process. DeR. A contraction and symbol of the term Reaction of Degeneration, q. v. Deradelphus {der-ad-el' -fus) [&tfirt, neck; aStlv^u brother]. A monocephalic dual monstrosity, with fusion of the bodies above the umbilicus, and with four lower extremities, and three or four upper. Deradenitis {der-ad-en-i' -tis) [Sipri, neck ; ASiiv, a gland; 4T(f, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glands of the neck. Deradenoncus {der-ad-en-ong' -kus) [Skprq, neck ; aS^v, gland ; dy/cof , mass] . A swelling of a gland of the neck ; a swollen gland of the neck. Deranencephalia {der-an-en-sef-a' -le-aK) [ci^/D)?, neck ; hv priv. ; iymiliaKnQ, brain]. Teratisra marked by absence of the head and brain, the neck being present. Derangement {de-ranj' -ment) . See Insanity. Derbyshire Neck [der'-be-shlr nek). See Goiter. Dercum's Disease. Adiposis dolorosa. A disorder characterized by irregular, sometimes symmetric, de- posits of fatty masses in various portions of the body, preceded by, or attended with, pain. Derencephalia (fi'«--«;-jf/-«'-/,f-o/() [d^p;;, neck; q/;£f a/lof, brain]. The condidon of being derencepha- lous ; teratic absence of cranium, the vestiges of the brain being enclosed in the cervical vertebrse. Derencephalocele [der-en-sef'-al-o-sll) [dkpv, neck; ey/c^^aAof, brain ; nijhi, tumor]. A protrusion of the DERENCEPHALOUS 363 DERMATITIS brain . through a split in one or more of the cervical vertebrse. Derencephalous {der-en-sef -al-us) [dfp7, neck ; iyxk- ^akoq, brain]. Affected with derencephalia ; of the nature of derencephalus. Derencephalus [der-en-sef -al-us) \&kpri, neck; iyKi- faXog, brain]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the species anencephalus, in which the bones of the cranial vault are rudimentary, the posterior portion of the occiput absent, and the upper cervical vertebrae bifid, the brain resting in them. DeRheim's Plaster. A celebrated piaster for chilblains, made as follows: Capsicum pods §j, strong alcohol, g ij ; macerate several days, then add mucilage of acacia g ij. Stir well and brush over sheets of silk or tissue paper, and apply like court-plaster to the unbroken chilblain. Derivant {der' -iv-ant) [derivare, to derive]. I. Deriv- ative ; revulsive. 2. A derivative medicine or appli- cation. Derivate (der' -iv-af) \derivare, to derive]. In chemistry, a substance that is derived from another. Derivation (der-iv-a' -shun) \_derivare, to derive]. I. Derivative action ; the drawing away of a morbid process from one part to another ; revulsive treatment. 2. The supposed suctional power of the heart, or the effect of that power upon the circulation. D. Wire, in an electric battery a wire connecting two points in a closed circuit. Derivative [de-riv' -at-iv) \derivare, to turn aside ii stream]. Diverting or drawing a morbid process from its seat; revulsive. Derm. See Derma. Derma (der'-mah) \&i(>fm, the skin]. The skin. The true skin. See Cutis. Dermad (der'-mad) \&kpiia, the skin; ad, to]. Ex- ternally; toward the skin ; ectad. Dermagra {der-ma'-grah). See Dermatagra. Heiraal (der^-mal) [cJ^p^a, the skin]. Pertaining to the skin. Deimalaxia (der-mal-aks'-e-ah) {Skpjia, skin ; iiaKa^ia, softness]. Morbid softening of the skin. Dermalgia [der-mal' -je-ah). See Dermatalgia. Dermanoplasty [der-man' -o-plas-te) \_Sipjia, skin ; hvoKAaaauv , to form anew]. Skin-transplantation ; skin-grafting ; a method of plastic surgery, in which a piece of the whole thickness of the skin is entirely removed from one part and transferred to another distant part to fill up a gap. Dermatiyssus {der-man-is' -us) [Skpiia, skin; viaaeiv, to prick]. A genus of itch-mites. D. avium is a species found on birds and sometimes on the human subject. Dermapostasis [der-niap-os' -tas-is) \&ipfia, skin ; tvK6a- raaig, a, falling away]. Any skin-disease dependent upon some constitutional disorder, and marked by metastatic dermal deposits. Dermatagra (der-mat-a' -grah) \&kpjia, skin ; aypa, seizure]. See Pellagra. Dermatalgia (der-mat-al' -je-aK) \_Skpp.a, skin; a/lyof, pain]. Neuralgia of the skin. Rheumatism of the skin. Pain in the skin not due to any structural change in it. Dermatauxe {der-mat-awks' -e) \&kpp.a, skin ; ah^n, augmentation]. Thickening or hypertrophy of the skin. Dermatic (der-maf -ik) [dep/iaTiKdg, pertaining to the skin]. I. Relating to the skin. 2. A remedy for diseases of the skin. Dermatitis [der-mat-i' -tis) \_Skpiia, skin ; mg, inflam- mation] . A generic term used to designate an ill-de- fined and extensive group of symptomatic inflamma- tions of the skin, characterized clinically by redness, heat, swelling, and pain, and terminating in resolution, suppuration, gangrene, or chronic dermatitis. D. am- bustionis, the form due to bums and scalds. D. bul- losa. See Epidermolysis. D. calorica. Synonym of Chilblain. D. congelationis. Same as Frost- bite. D. contusiformis. See Erythema nodosum. D. exfoliativa, an acute or chronic, general or partial, inflammation of the skin, in which the epidermis is shed more or less freely in large or small scales. See Pityriasis rubra. D. exfoliativa infantumi vel neo- natorum, Ritter's Disease ; a severe form of exfolia- tive inflammation of the skin, usually unattended by fever, which begins between the second and fifth weeks of life. About 50 P^i' cent, of those attacked succumb to marasmus. D. gangrenosa; Sphacelo- derma ; gangrenous inflammation of the skin. It has been observed in cases of cerebral and spinal dis- orders, diabetes, etc. It may also be primary in those whose constitutions are depraved. The lesions are at first reddish or purplish erythematous spots, usually on the trunk and extremities ; these vesicate, rapidly become gangrenous, and slough ; they are attended by fever and constitutional disturbance. Spontaneous recovery generally ensues with scar-formation. D. gangrsenosa infantum ; Varicella gangrenosa, pem- phigus gangmnosus ; rupia esckarotica ; a gangrenous eruption following varicella and other pustular erup- tions of children. It is a rare condition. If it occur while the varicellar lesions are still present, it begins on the head or upper part of the body, and, instead of the scab being thrown off, ulceration occurs beneath it, and often a pustular border with a red areola is formed, the whole resembling a vaccination-pustule. On sep- arating, a sharp-edged, roundish or oval, conical ulcer remains, deep or shallow. Death may result if the lesions are numerous, and constitutional disturbance is always great. D. herpetiformis, an inflammatory skin-disease of an herpetic character, the various le- sions showing a tendency to group. It is a protean disease, appearing as erythema, vesicles, blebs, and pustules. Itching and burning are the most marked symptoms. See Hydroa herpetiforme. D., Malig- nant, Papillary dermatitis, Paget's disease of the nip- ple. Carcinoma of the nipple. D. medicamentosa. Drug-eruptions ; inflammatory eruptions upon the skin due to the action of certain drugs taken internally. The most prominent are the following : Antifebrin produces a kind of cyanosis ; antipyrin, an erythema that may be general or partial, but symmetric, af- fecting the extensor aspects in preference to the flexor, and the limbs more than the trunk ; papules, vesicles, and bullae have been noted ; arsenic produces an urti- carial, erysipelatoid dermatitis of the face and eyelids, a papular rash on the face, neck, and hands, herpes zoster, and in large doses pustular, ulcerative, or gan- grenous eruptions ; belladonna, a diffuse erythema- tous blush and a scarlatiniform eruption ; boric acid, an erythema; borax, psoriasis, eczema, and erythema; bromin and bromids, pustular, erythematous, urticarial, bullous, and squamous eruptions ; cannabis indica, a vesicular eruption ; chlorate of potash, a fiery, erythema- tous and papular eruption, and cyanosis ; chloroform, purpuric spots ; chloral hydrate, erythema, scarlatini- form, bullous, erysipelatous eruptions ; chloralamid, scarlatiniform ; chrysarobin, erythema, vesicles ; cod liver-oil, vesicular eruption, acne ; copaiba, erythema- tous, urticarial, papular eruption ; cubebs, papular ery- thema; digitalis, scarlatiniform, papular erythema; iodin and iodids, pustular, vesicular or bullous, purpuric, erythematous, urticarial ; iodoform, ■^■anz'aiciToa, papular and erythematous ; m.ercury, erythematous, exfoliative DERMATOBIA 364 DERMOGRAPHIA dermatitis; morphin, erythsmaXons ; phosphoric acid, bullous, purpura; quinin, eczema, erythematous, ur- ticarial, purpuric, vesicular, bullous; ii-«;'«, urticaria ; rhubarb, hemorrhagic and pustular bullae ; salicylic acid, erythema, urticaria, bullae, petechiee, vesicles, pustules; santonin, urticaria; stramonium, erythema; strychnin, scarlatiniform, pruritus, miliaria; sulphonal, erythema, purpura ; /d?«Mw, urticaria; /izr, erythema, vesicles and bullae, acne ; terebene, papular erythema; tuberculin, scarlatiniform ; turpentine, erythema, pap- • ules, vesicles. D. papillaris capillitii. Same as D. papillomatosa capillitii. D. papillomatosa cap- illitii. Acne keloid; Sycosis fra?nbcesiformis ; a rare form of chronic skin-disease affecting the nape of the neck and adjacent portion of the skin. The lesions consist of minute red papules, which occasionally sup- purate, and are usually traversed by a hair. Ulti- mately these unite to form extensive, irregular, hard, white, or reddish keloid-looking growths from which a few brush-like bundles of atrophied, firmly adherent hairs protrude. It occurs usually in males of middle age. D. repens, a spreading dermatitis, usually fol- lowing injuries, and probably neuritic, commencing almost exclusively in the upper extremities. D., Seb- orrheic ; Seborrheic eczema ; a form of inflammation of the skin associated with seborrhea of the scalp, due to the direct transference of the same pathogenic organism from the head to the region affected. D. traumatica, those inflammatory changes in the skin resulting from traumatism. D. venenata, a term embracing all forms of inflammation of the skin pro- duced by external irritating agencies, whether from the animal, vegetable, or mineral kingdom. This in- cludes the dermatitis produced by rhus-poi-oning. Deimatobia {der-mat-o' -be-ah) [SkpiJLa, skin ; piovv, to live]. A bot-fly of Central America, the eggs of which are not infrequently deposited in the skin and produce a swelling very like an ordinary boil. See Macaco Worm and Parasites [Animal), Table of. Dermatogen (der-mat'-o-jen) [Sepfia, skin ; yivjjg, pro- ducing]. In biology, the layer of cells, in a young or growing part, that is destined to become epi- dermis. Dermatography (der-mat-og' -ra-fe) [dip/ia, skin ; ypa(j)civ, to write]. A description of the skin. Dermatoid {der' -mat-oid) \_Skpiia, skin ; rfrfof, resem- blance]. Like or resembling skin. Dermatokeras (der-mat-o-ker' -as) \&kpfm, skin ; Kipag, a horn]. See Cornu cutaneum. Dermatol [der'-mat-ol) \_6kpjj.a, skin], CgH2(OH)3.- C02Bi(OH)2. The subgallate of bismuth, which ap- pears to be a valuable antiseptic agent. It is especi- ally of service in cutaneous affections or lesions associated with copious secretion. Dose internally in affections of the stomach and intestines, two drams daily. It is valuable as a drying antiseptic for dust- ing wounds. Dermatologist (der-mat-oF -o-jist) \Skpfia, skin ; \6fyog, science] . One who is an adept in the treatment of skin-diseases. Dermatology (der-mat-ol' -o-je) \Skpfia, skin ; Myo;, science]. The science of the skin, its nature, struc- ture, functions, diseases, and treatment. Dermatolysis (der-mat-ol' -is-is) [Sipiia, skin ; ?.iiaig, a loosing]. An exaggerated form of Molluscum fibro- j«OT, marked by large flaps or folds of hypertrophied skin, their commonest sites being the neck, face, but- tocks, and chest. The skin-flaps are often deeply pigmented, thickened, indurated, and warty. Hyper- trophy of the bones or other subjacent tissues may also be present. Dermatoma (der-mat-o' -tnah) \Jikpaa, skin ; bfm, a tumor: pi., Der>natomata']. Any tumor of the skin, or one made up of dermal elements. Dermatomalacia [der-mat-o-mal-a' -se-ah) [depua, skin ; fia^aKia, softness]. Morbid softening of the skin. Dermatomelasma {der-mat-o-mel-az' -maK) \&ipjia, skin ; /ii^uiafia, a black color]. Addison's disease. Dermatomycosis (der-mat-o-mi-ko' -sis') \6i:p^a, skin ; iAkti^, fungus] . Any skin-disease caused by a para- sitic plant-growth. DeTmatomyoma {der-mat-o-mi-o'-mah) [Stpiia, skin ; jjubq, muscle ; bp-a, a tumor : pi. , Dermatomyomata"^ . Myoma seated upon or involving the skin. Dermatoneurosis (der-mat-o-nu-ro' -sis) \&i.pim, skin ; vevpov, a nerve]. Any neurosis of the skin. Dertnatonosus (der-mat-on'-o-sus) [^Sip/ia, skin ; vdaog, disease]. Any skin-disease. Dermato-pathology (der-mat-o-path-ol' -o-je) \Skppa, skin; -KoBoq, disease; /liiyof, science]. The pathol- ogy of the skin. Dermatopathy [der-mat-op' -ath-e) [Stppa, skin ; ir&Sog, disease]. Any skin-disease. Dermatophony (der-mat-off' -o-ne) \&kpfm, skin ; ^avi], sound] . The auscultation of the skin ; a process by which, it is alleged, the sound made by the blood in the vessels of the skin can be heard. Dermatophyte (der'-mat-o-flt) [Sepfia, skin ; (^vrdv, a plant] . Any species of fungous vegetation that grows upon the skin. Dermatoplasty {der' -mat-o-plas-te) \6tpii.a, skin; lOJussuv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the skin. Dermatorrhea (der-mat-or-e' -ah) \_Skpjm, skin ; \>o'ui, a flowing] . An increased secretion from the skin. Dermatosclerosis (der-mat-o-skle-ro' -sis). See Sclero- derma. Dermatosis (der-mat-o' -sis) \Sipiia, skin ; vheog, dis- ease; pi. Dermatoses'^. Any disorder or disease of the skin. D. Kaposi. Synonym of Xeroderma pig- mentosum. Dermatosome (der' -mat-o-sotn) \&ippa, skin; aafia, body]. A thickening or knot in the equatorial region of each spindle fiber in the process of cell-division. Dermatospasmus (der-mat-o-spa%' -mus) \&ipfj.a, skin ; a'Kaaji6c,, spasm] . Cutis anserina, or goose-skin. Dermatosyphilis (der-mat-o-sif ' -il-is) \Skppa, skin ; Syphilus, a Latin proper name]. The cutaneous manifestations of syphilis. See Syphilodemia. Dermatotomy [der-mat-of -o-me) [Sippa, skin ; rtpvuv, to cut]. The anatomy or dissection of the skin. Dermatozoon (der-mat-o-zo' -on) \Skppxi, skin ; fOoi', an animal: pl.Dermatozoa']. Any animal parasitic upon the skin. Dermen (der'-men) [Sipfta, the skin]. Belonging to the derma itself. Dermenchysis (der-men' -kis-is) [Sipiia, skin; lyxvaiS, a pouring in]. Hypodermatic injection. Dermepenthesis (der-mep-en' -thes-is) \&tppa, skin; eTriv8eai(, insertion]. Synonym of skin-grafting. Dermexanthesis (der-meis-an-the'-sis) [Sip/j.a, skin; i^Mr/aig, eruption : //. Dermexantheses] . Any skin- disease marked by a rash-like eruption. Dermic (der'-mik) [Stp/ia, the skin]. Relating to the skin. Dermocyma (der-mo-si'-mah) [dkpjia, skin ; Kvpa, the fetus]. A form of double monstrosity in which the parasite is contained within the skin of the host. Dermogastric (der-mo-gas' -trik) \Skppa, skin ; yaari/p, stomach]. In biology, applied to structures having a connection with the skin and the stomach, as dermo- gastric pores. Dermographia (der-mo-graf -e-aK) \Skppa, skin ; ypli- ipuv, to write]. The condition observed in the so- DERMOGRAPHIC 365 DESPUMATION called autographic skin ; autographism. See Urticaria factitia, Dermographic {der-mo-graf -ik) \Sipiia, skin ; ypdftw, to write]. Aflected with dermographia. D. pseudo- urticaria. Same as Dermographia. Dermographism [der-mo-graf -izm) \6k.pjm, skin ; ypa^uv, to write]. Autographism. See Autographic Skin and Urticaria factitia. Dermography {der-mog' -ra-fe) \6epfui, skin ; ypdipeiv, to write]. Dermographia; dermal autographism. Dermohemal [der-mo-he' -mal) \&ip^, skin ; dXim, blood]. In biology, applied to parts of the ventral or hemal fins of certain fishes. \icivi^Q\&.(der'-moid). See Dermatoid. D. Cyst, a tera- toma. ' Dermology [der-moV -o-je) . See Dermatology. Dermoneural [der-mo-nu' -ral) [de/j/io, skin ; vevpof, nerve]. In biology, applied to parts of the dorsal or neural fins of certain fishes. Dermoneurosis (der-mo-nu-ro' -sis). See Dermatoneu- rosis. Dermoplasty [der'-mo-plas-te) [Sipfm, skin ; ■KlaoBeiv, to form] . Restoration of skin ; skin-grafting. Dermorbynchous (der-mo-ring' -kus) \&ipjm, skin ; fmyxo;, snout]. In biology, having a bill or beak covered with skin, as the duck. Dermorrhagia {der-mor-a' -je-ah) \6ipiia, skin; ^ijyvivai, to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the skin ; bloody sweat ; hematidrosis. Dermosclerite [der-mo-skle'-nt') [Sippa, skin ; anXrjpdQ, hard]. In biology, one of the spicular masses found in certain actinozoans. Dermoskeleton (der-mo-skel' -et-un) \Skppa, skin ; aneAerdp, a skeleton]. The exoskeleton of inverte- brates ; the skin^and its appendages. Dermo-syphilopathy (der-mo-sif-il-op' -a-the) \Skppa, skin ; syphilis ; vdBoQ, affection] . A syphilitic skin- disease. Dermotomy (der-mot'-o-me). See Dermatotomy. Derodidymus {der-o-did' -im-us) \Skp:ri, neck ; Sidvpo;, double]. A sysomic monstrosity with a single body, two necks and heads, two upper and lower extremities, with other rudimentary limbs occasionally present. Derospasmus [der-o-spaz' -mus) \^kpri, neck; anaapdg, spasm]. Spasm or cramp in the neck. Dertrotheca {der-tro-the'-kaK) \&ipTpov, a vulture's beak ; S^ro?, a sheath]. In biology, the skin of the dertrum or tip of the upper mandible in certain birds. Dertrum (der'-trurn) \&kpTpov, a beak]. See Dertro- theca. De Salle, Line of. See Lines, Table of. Desanimania [des-an-im-a' -ne-aK) [des (dis) priv. ; animus, mind; pavia, mania]. Mindless insanity; amentia. DesauU's Apparatus or Bandage. See Bandage. D. Operations. See Operations, Table of. Desbassins^ Test. Same as Richmonf s Test. See Tests, Table of. D. Splint. See Splint. Descemet's Membrane. The internal or posterior lining membrane of the cornea. Also called the Mem- brane of Demours, Descemetitis (des-em-et-i' -tis) \_Descemet; in(, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of Descemet's membrane. Descemetocele (des-em-ef -o-sll) [^Descemet ; k^Xj/, hernia]. Hernia of Descemet's membrane. Descendens [de-sen' -denz) \descendere, to go down]. Downward. D. noni, a branch of the hypoglossal nerve. See Nerves, Table of. Descent {de-sent') [descenstis, a going down]. The act of going down ; downward motion. D. Stage of Labor, one of the stages in labor, consisting in the entrance of the fetal head into the pelvis. D. of Testicle. See Testicle. D. of Womb. See Pro- lapsus. Deschamps' Angle. See Angle. Deshler's Salve. The compound resin cerate of .the pharmacopeia. Desiccant [des' -ik-ant) [desiccare, to dry up]. I. Caus- ing desiccation ; drying. 2. A drying medicine or application. Desiccation {des-ik-a' -shun) [desiccare, to dry up] . The process of removing moisture from solids and organic tissues. Desiccative {des' -ik-a-tiv) [desiccare, to dry up]. I. Drying; desiccant. 2. A medicine or application having the property of drying moist tissues, ulcers and running sores. Desma {dez'-mah) \6tapa, a band]. In biology, a term applied to irregular sponge-spicules. Desmachyme [des'-mah-him) (6kapa, a band ; xw^it juice]. In biology, the connective tissue of sponge. Desmacyte {des'-mah-slt) [Seapa, a band ; niiTog, a cell]. In biology, one of the connective-tissue cells of a sponge. Desmarres' Operations. See Operations, Table of. Desmitis {des-mi'-tis) \6eap6(, ligament]. Inflamma- tion of a ligament. Desmobacterium (des-mo-bak-te' -re-uni) [StapA^, band; /3o;/cn^piov, a small staff: pi. Desmobacteria'\. A group of microbes, so-called by Cohn, corresponding to the genus Bacillus of Klein. Desmodactylous {des-mo-dak' -til-us) \8sap&i, a band ; daiavkoq, a finger or toe]. In biology, having the flexor tendons of the toes united. Desmodynia [des-mo-din' -e-ah) [Seap6(, a band ; bSirvri, pain]. Pain in a ligament. Desmognathism [des-mog' -na-thizm) \SEBp6q, a band; jvdBoQ, jaw]. Union of the maxillo-palatine bones across the middle line ; normal • in certain birds, as hawks, ducks, etc. Desmognathous {des-mog' -na-thus) [SeiTp6(, a band; yvidoi, a jaw]. In biology, applied to birds of the " bound palate " type, in which the vomer is small or absent, the raaxillo-palatines united, and the palatines and pterygoids articulate directly with the sphenoid. Desmography {des-mog' -ra-fe) [petsp&q, a ligament i ypai^iv, to write] . The description of the ligaments. Desmoid ((/i?j'-»zo2»]. To cease to live; to become dead. Diecious (di-e' -shus') [d^f , two ; oZ/cof, house]. In bi- ology, having the two sexes in different individuals, or in two households, as staminate and pistillate flowers separate and on separate plantb. Dieffenbach's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Dielectric (di-e-lek'-trik) [6td,, through ; rjXsKTpov, amber]. A non-conducting substance that transmits electricity by induction. Dielectrics [di-e-lek' -triks) \_Sm, through ; fj'XeKTpov, amber]. The property of certain substances to per- mit an inductive electric influence to act through or across them. Dielectrolysis [di-e-lek-trol' -is-is) \_SLa, through; fiktu- rpOT, electricity ; Mav, to dissolve]. Galvanic elec- trolysis of a compound, the current passing at the •same time through a diseased portion of the body and carrying one of the elements of the compound with it. Dien (di'-en) [Slci, through; eyKifaAo;, brain]. A contraction of diencephalon. Diencephal (di-en'-sef-al). Same as Diencephalon. Diencephalon (di-en-sef -al-on) [Sia, between ; iyiika- /lof, brain]. Thalamencephalon. Between - brain. That part of the brain between the prosencephalon and the mesencephalon. It includes Uie thalami and the third ventricle. Dieresis (di-er' -es-is) [6iaipeatg, a division]. A solu- tion of continuity, as a wound, ulceration, etc. In biology, the division of the outer branch of the pos- terior or caudal pleopod of a crustacean. (Bate). Dieretic (di-er-ef -ik) [Suupkeiv, to divide]. Destruc- tive; escharotic ; corrosive. Dies and Counter-dies. Metallic casts obtained by molding in sand or dipping in molten zinc and lead, or other alloys, such as Babbitt metal, and which are used for stamping up dental plates ; they are generally described as male and female castings, between which the plate is swaged. Diesel's Test. See Tests, Table of. Diet (di'-ei) [dlmra, a system or mode of living]. I. An arranged selection of food necessary to meet the needs of the body. 2. To regulate the amount and ■character of the food ingested. D. -drink, a medi- cated drink, or beverage. D., Lisbon, a draught much resembling the compound tincture of sarsaparilla. D., Milk, one consisting mainly of milk. D., Tuff- neil's, a highly nutritious diet including but a small amount of liquids, employed in the treatment of internal aneurysms. Dietarian (di-et-a' -re-an) [_diaiTa, a system or mode of living]. A physician who pays special attention to matters of diet. Dietary (di' -et-a-re) [diaira, a system or mode of living] . A system of food-regulation intended to meet the requirements of the animal economy. Dietetic [di-et-ef -ik) [Siaira, a system or mode of living]. Pertaining to diet. Dietetics [di-et-ef -iks) [^Siaira, a system or mode of living]. The science of the systematic regulation of the diet for hygienic or therapeutic purposes. Dietetist {di-et-ef -ist) [^Siaira, a system or mode of living]. One who is expert in questions of diet ; a dietarian. Diethylamin [di-eth-if -am-iti) [dif, double ; ethyl,amiri\, NCjHjj. A ptomaine, obtained from the pike-fish when allowed to putrefy for six days in summer. It is an inflammable liquid of strong basic properties, soluble in water, and boiling at 57.5° C. It is non-poisonous. Dietic [di-ef-ik) [Siaira, a system or mode of living] . Same as Dietetic. D. Diseases, those caused by errors of diet. Difference-Theory {dif'-er-ens). A theory in explan- ation of the galvanic phenomena of living tissues. The theory is an expression of these facts : Protoplasm when injured or excited in its continuity becomes negative to the uninjured part ; when heated it becomes positive ; and the surface-polarization diminishes with excitement and in the process of dying. It is also called Alteration-theory (Hermann). Differential [dif-er-en' -shal) \differentia, difference]. Pertaining to or creating a difference. D. Diagno- sis. See Diagnosis. D. Rheotome. See Rheo- tome. D. Tone, a tone produced by two primary tones when sounding simultaneously ; the number of the vibrations corresponds to the difference between the two primary tones. D. Staining, a method of staining tubercle-bacilli , syphilis-bacilli, etc. , founded upon the fact that if deeply-colored, and especially with a mordant, they retain the color in the presence of certain reagents that decolorize the surrounding tis- sues. Koch, Ehrlich and Weigert, Ziehl and Neel- son, Fiitterer, Gibbes, etc. , have devised various methods of differential staining. Differentiation [difer-en-she-a' -shun) [differentia, dif- ference]. Specialization of tissues, organs, or func- tions. The gradual change of homogeneous material into special tissues or organs. DifScultas intestinorum [dif-ik-ul'-tas in-tes-tin-or' • um) [L.]. 'ayrvoxvfxv o{ Dysentery . DIFFRACTION 374 DIGITI MORTUI Diffraction {dif-rak' -sAun) \_dis, apart ; fractus, bro- ken] . The deflection suffered by a ray of light when it passes through a narrow slit or aperture. D. Grat- ing, a strip of glass closely ruled with fine lines ; it is often used in the spectroscope in the place of the bat- tery of prisms. Diffuse {dif-us'') \de, Sipaxt; /undergo to pour over]. Scattered or spread about. In medicine, applied to diseases that involve a large part of the body. D. Aneurysm, one caused by a rupture of the walls of a blood-vessel. D. Cerebral Sclerosis. See Sclero- sis. D. Inflammation. See Inflammation. Diffusible [dif-u'-zib-l) [dis, away; fundere, to pour]. Susceptible of being rapidly diffused throughout the system; applied to certain quickly-acting stimulants, usually of transient effect. Diffusion {dif-u' -zhun) \diffundere, to spread]. A spreading or dissemination. D., Anodal, same as Cataphoresis. D. -circle, the imperfect image formed by incomplete focalization, the position of the true focus not having been reached or else having been passed. Digastric {di-gas' -trik) [di'f , double ; yaar^p, belly] . Having two bellies. D. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. D. Triangle. See Triangles, Table of. Digenesis {di-jen^ -es-is) [cJi'f , two ; y^veff^f, generation]. In biology, the alternation of sexual and asexual gen- eration. Digenous (dif-en-us") [A'f, two; yfMf, sex]. In biol- ogy, pertaining to both sexes, or originating from opposite sexes. Digerent {dij'-er-ent) [digerere , lo AigeA']. A digest- ant; also a medicine that excites the secretion of pus in wounds. Digestant [di-jesi'-ant) [digerere, to digest]. I. A body or substance that effects solution of the food in the mouth, stomach, and intestines. 2. A remedy for indigestion. Digestibility {di-jes-tib-il'-it-e) \digestibilis, that can be digested] . Susceptibility of being digested. Digestible [di-jesf -ib-l) \digestibilis, that can be di- gested]. Capable of being digested. '0\.%as\.\o Xii&ciVis (di-jes' -che-odifik' -il-is^ [L.]. Syn- onym of Dyspepsia. Digestion [di-jes' -chun') [digerere, to digest]. In bi- ology, that process whereby the food taken into an organism is made fit to become part thereof. D., Artificial, the production of peptones outside of the body. D., Primary, gastro-intestinal digestion. D., Secondary, the assimilation by the body-cells of their appropriate pabulum. Digestive {di-jes' -tiv) \_digerere, to digest] . i . Relat- ing to or favoring digestion. 2. An agent that pro- motes digestion. 3. Pertaining to the process of digestion. D. Apparatus, the organs of digestion considered collectively. D. Tract, the whole aliment- ary canal from the mouth to the anus. See Illustra- tion. Digit [dif-ii) [digitus, a finger]. A finger or toe. Digital (dij'-it-al) [digitus, a finger]. Pertaining to the fingers or toes. D. Arteries, the arteries of the hands and feet supplying the digits. See Arteries, Table of. D. Compression, the stoppage of a flow of blood by pressure with the finger. D. Dilatation, the enlarg- ing of a cavity by means of the finger. D, Examina- tion, examination Or exploration with the finger. D. Nerves, the nerves of the hands and feet. D. Pha- langes, the bones of the fingers or of the toes. Digitalein (dij-it-a'-le-in) [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers]. One of the constituents of digitalis. Digitalin {difit-a'-lin) [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers]. I. Digitalinum (U. S. P.) ; C.^f>^ (?), the active principle of Digitalis purpurea, q. v. Dose gr. •jV-tV- ^- ^ precipitate from a tincture of Digitalis purpurea. Unof. Besides the foregoing there are various commercial preparations known by this name. Digitalis [difit-a' -lis) [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers]. Foxglove. The \ea.yes oi D, purpurea. It contains an amorphous complex substance, digitalin that does not, however, represent the full properties of the leaves. It is a cardiac stimulant and excito- motor, and in large doses causes severe gastric dis- turbance. It is employed mainly in affections of the heart when the latter is rapid and feeble. Dose of the leaves gr. ss-iij. D. abstractum, strength twice thatof digitalis itself. Unof. Dosegr. "^-ij. D., Ext., leaves yield 25 per cent, of extract. Dose gr. J^-JS^. D., Ext., Fid., strength 100 per cent. Dose 1t\,i-iij. D. infusum, ly^ per cent, in strength. Dose ^ss-j. D.,Tinct., 15 percent. Dosett\,v-5J. Ste Digitalin. Digitalose {dij-it-al-dz') [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers]. A white crystalline constituent of digitalis. -.-.^i \SaHvary Gtuna Esophagus Larirt Jntestitti Vtrmiform Afpendi. General Scheme of the Digestive Tract, with the Chief Glands Opening into It ; Together with the Lacteals Arising from the Intestine and Joining THE Thoracic Duct. (Landois.) Digitate {dij'-it-dt) [digitus, favge.x\. In biology, hav- ing finger-like divisions, as when -the leaflets of a compound leaf are all borne on the apex of the petiole. Digitation (dij-it-a'-shun) [digitatus, having digits]. A serration; a finger-like process, or a succession of such processes. Digiten (dif -it-en) [digitus, a finger]. Belonging to a digit in itself, Digiti mortui [dij'-it-i 7)ior'-tu-i) [L.]. Dead- fingers ; a cold and white state of the fingers, seen in DIGITIGRADE 375 DIOPTOMETRY some hysterical women, and in certain types of insan- ity. It is a manifestation of some vaso-motor disorder. Digitigrade {dij' -it-ig-rdd) {digitus, finger ; ^a(/«, to walk]. In biology, walking on the toes. Digitonin {dij-it-o-nin'') [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers], C31H52O1J. A white, amorphous mass ob- tained from digitalis. It is easily soluble in water, slightly so in alcohol ; insoluble in ether and chloro- form. Digitoxin [dij-it-oks' -in) [digitalis, pertaining to the fingers; toxicum, poison], CjjHjjO,, or CjjHj^Oj^. A highly poisonous alkaloid from Digitalis purpurea. Its effects are little understood. Its action is cumulative. Unof. Digitule {dig'-it-ul) [digitulus, a little digit]. A little finger, toe, or claw ; a small organ or prominence resembling a digit. Digitus {dij'-it-us) [L.]. A finger or toe. Diglossia [di-glos' -e-ah) [Slf, double ; yXaaaa, tongue]. The condition of having a double tongue. Digoneutic {di-go-nu' -tik') [Siq, two; ydvoq, offspring]. In biology, producing two broods a year. Digonoporous {di-go-nop' -or-tis) [d/f , two ; y6vo^, off- spring ; ndpog, pore] . In biology, having the genital pores separate. Digyn (di'-jin) [eSi'f, two; yvvfi, woman]. In biology, having two pistils. Dihydrolutidin {di-hi-dro- lu' -tid-in) [cJi?, double ; vSap, water], C,HjjN. One of the alkaloids of cod- liver oil. See Morrhuolins. Dihysteria (di-his-te' -re-ah) [dtf, double ; varkpa, the womb]. The presence of a double womb. Dilaceratio cataractae (di-las-er-a' -she-o kat-ar-ak' -te) [L.]. See Dilaceration. Dilaceration (di-las-er-a' -shun) [dilaceratio, a tearing apart]. A tearing apart ; division of a membranous cataract by a tearing operation. Dilatatio cordis [di-lat-a' -she-o kor'-dis') [L. ] . Dila- tation of the heart. Dilatation (lA'-to-fl'-jAM^) [rfz7a/ari?, to spread out]. I. An increase in the size of a cavity or of the lumen of a vessel ; expansion of an organ without hypertrophy. 2. Surgical stretching out of the walls of a hollow organ. D. of Blood-vessel. See Telangiectasis. D. of Heart, an increase in the size of one or more of the cavities of the heart, arising from a relaxation or weakening of the heart-muscle. It is associated with evidences of failure of circulation, resulting in conges- tion of the lungs and other viscera and tissues. Dilatator [di-lat-a' -tor'). See Dilator. Dilator (di-la'-tor) [dilatare, to spread out]. An instru- ment for stretching or enlarging a cavity or opening ; also, a dilating muscle. See Muscles, Table of. D., Barnes', an instrument for dilatation of the os and cer- vix uteri, consisting of a rubber bag, which, when in- serted, is distended with water. D., Intra-uterine, for dilating the uterine cavity by means of air or water. D., Laryngeal, an instrument with two or three blades that may be separated, for freeing or dilating the larynx. Dilemma (di-lem' -ak) [St^r//j,/ia ; dig, double ; k^nixa, proposition]. In experiments to determine the reac- tion-time of psychic processes, if the person is told which side is to be stimulated, or what colored disc is to be presented, etc. , the time is shorter. Lack of such foreknowledge is called the dilemma. Dill (dil). See Anethum. Dilmaisch Disease. See Disease. " Diluent [dil'-u-eni) [diluere, to wash away]. An agent that dilutes the secretions of an organ, or that increases the fluidity of secretions. Dilution [di-lu'-shun) [diluere, to wash away]. I. The process of mixing with a neutral fluid or substance, in order to attenuate. 2. A diluted substance ; the result of a diluting process. Dilutionist (di-lu' -shun-isf) [diluere, to wash away]. One who advocates the dilution of medicines. D., High, a homeopathist who advocates the extreme at- tenuation of medicines. Dimerosotnatous {dim-er-o-som' -at-us) [Siq, two ; ^it- pog, a part; aajia, body]. In biology, applied to animals, as spiders, that have the body divided into two regions, cephalp-thorax and abdomen. Dimerous {dim'-er-us) [di'f, two; fiipog, a part]. In biology, bipartite. Dimethyl Ketone. See Acetone. Dimethylamin {di-meth-il' -am-in) [Sig, two ; methyl, amin'] , NQH,. A non-toxic ptomaine found in putre- fying gelatin, old decomposing yeast, certain varieties of fish-decomposition, etc. Dimethylarsin [di-meth-il-ar'-stn). See Cacodyl. Dimethylphenylene-green. See Pigments, Conspec- tus of. Dimetria {di-me' -tre-afi) [dif, double ; iJ-'flTpa, the womb]. The condition of having a double womb. Dimidiate [di-mid' -e-at) [di, apart; medius, middle]. In biology, divided into halves, or represented by one half only ; one-sided. Applied to an anther whose lobes are widely separated by a broad connective, or to animals that are male on one side and female on the other. Diminished Breathing. See Breath-sounds. Dimorphism (di-morf -izm) [Slg, double ; fiop^^, form]. The property of assuming or of existing under two distinct forms. Dimorphous {di-morf ' -us) [Slg, double ; iiop^, form]. In chemistry, having the quality of two forms of crystallization. In biology, existing in two forms, as individuals of the same species that differ in form, structure, size, or color. Dimple (dim' -pi) [AS., dynt^. A slight depression. Dingee (din'-ge). ?)ynonyta oi Dengue. Dingler's Green. See Figments, Conspecttts of. Dinic, Dinical (din'-ik, or din'-ik-al) [divof, whirl]. Pertaining to or useful in the relief of vertigo. Dinitrobenzene (di-ni-tro-ben' -zen) [di, two ; nitrum, niter ; benzene'\, Q,^^i^O^.^. One of the ingredients of Roburite, q.v. Dinner Pills. A name applied to various mild cathartic pills taken after meals. See Lady Webster Pill. Dinomania (din-o-7na' -ne-ah) [divoq, a whirling dance ; fiav'va, mania] . Dancing-mania. Choromania, q. v. Dinus (di'-nus) [Slvog, whirl]. Vertigo or dizziness. Dicecious (di-e'-shus). See Diecious, Diogenes' Cup. See Poculum diogenis. Diogmus (di-og'-mus) [Stwyfidg, a chase] . Palpitation of the heart. Dionsea (di-o-ne' -ah) [Liimy), Dione]. A genus of plants. D. muscipula, a plant of the Sundew family, growing in the Carolinas ; Venus's fly-trap. It cap- tures and feeds upon various insects, and is said to contain droserin and azerin, the same digestive fer- ments that occur in Drosera, q.v. Unof. Dionym (di'-o-nim) [(5if, two; hvvjia, name]. A name consisting of two words, as medulla oblongata ; corpus callosum. Diophthalmus (di-off-thal' -mus). See Diprosopus. Diopsimeter (di-op-sim' -et-er) [dioi/j£C, clear vision ; /iETpov, a measure]. An instrument for exploration o< the visual field. Diopter (di-op'-ter). See Dioptry. Dioptometer [di-op-tom' -et-er). Same as Optometer. Dioptometry (di-op-tom' -et-re) [dionr^p, a watchman ; fiETpov, a measure]. The measurement of the accom- modative and refractive states of the eye. DIOPTRAL 376 DIPHYCERCAL Dioptral (di-op' -tral) [Sionrfip, a watchman]. Pertain- ing to a dioptry ; expressed in dioptrics. Dioptre [di-op' -ter). See Dioptry. Dioptric (di-opf -trik) [did, through; oxpecBat, to see]. I. Pertaining to transmitted and refracted light. 2. A dioptry. Dioptrics [di-op' -triks) [did, through ; ii/iEcrSai, to see]. A branch of optics treating of the refraction of light by transparent media, especially by the media of the eye. Dioptry [di-op' -tre) [did, through ; oTpeaBai, to see]. The most commonly accepted unit of measurement for optic lenses. A positive (or plus) spherical (bi- convex) lens of one dioptry has a focal distance of one meter; one of two dioptrics, a focal distance of one- half a meter, etc. See Lenses, and Spectacle-lenses. Diorthosis [di-or' -tho-sis) [did, throughout ; bp66eiv, to straighten]. The surgical correction of a deformity, or repair of an injury done to a limb. Diorthotic [di-or-thof -ik) \6ia, throughout ; b/jddeiv, to straighten]. Relating to or effecting a diorthosis. Dioscorea [di-os-ko' -re-aK) [Dioscorides , a famous Greek physician and botanist]. Wild Yam, Colic Root. The rhizome of D. villosa, a creeping-plant, indigenous to the eastern U.S. It is claimed to be ex- pectorant, diaphoretic, and stimulant to the intestinal canal, in large doses causing neuralgic pains and erotic excitement. It is used successfully for bilious colic. D., Fid. Ext., of standard strength, dose tt^xv-xxx. Unof. Dioscorein [di-os-ko' -re-in) \_Dioscorides, a Greek bot- anist]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Dioscorea villosa. It is antispasmodic, expectorant, and diaphoretic. Dose ^ to 4 grains. Unof. Diosma (di-oz'-mah) \6io^, divine ; bafJi, odor]. Buchu. See Barosma. Diosmin [di-oz' -min) [di'of, divine ; bcfiij, odor]. An active principle obtained from various species of Buchu. It is an amorphous, bitter substance. Unof. Diosmosis [di-os-nio'-sis). Same as Osmosis. Diotic [di-ot'-ik) [dif, two; oif, oirdf, ear]. Binaural; pertaining to both ears. Dioxid [di-oks'-id) [d/f, two ; ofijf, sharp]. An oxid containing two atoms of oxygen and one of a metal. Dipentene (i//-/vXhyi), leaf]. In biology, composed of two leaves or sepals. Diphyodont (dif'-e-o-dont^ [di^w^f, twofold; bSmq, tooth]. In biology, having two sets of teeth, as the milk-teeth and the permanent teeth. Diplacusis {dip-lak-u' -sis) [ SmUu^, double ; aKovacg, hearing] . I . The hearing of a tone as higher by one ear than by the other ; called Z>. binauralis. 2. The hearing of two tones by one ear, when only one tone is produced ; called D. uniauralis, or D. monauricu- laris. Diplanetic {di-plan-et' -ik) \Sl(, twice ; irWavTiTdq, wan- dering]. In biology, applied to organisms that are twice active with an intervening period of qui- escence. Diplastic (di-plas' -tik) [di?, two ; nXaaatw, to form] . A term applied to cells having two substances in their constitution. Diplegia (di-pW -je-aK) \Si^, double; tt/I;?/^, stroke]. Coincident paralysis of two corresponding parts, as of the two arms. Double or bilateral hemiplegia. Diplegic {di-ple'-jik) [dj?, double ; TtXiriyri, stroke]. Re- lating to or of the nature of diplegia. Dipleuric [di-plu' -rik) [d/'f , two ; Trlevpd, side]. In biology, bilaterally symmetric. Diplococcus (dip-lo-kok' -US') [djTrAiiof , double ; k6kko^, kernel]. A micrococcus whose spherules are joined two and two. See Micrococcus and Bacteria. Diplocoria {dip-lo-ko' -re-ah) [SmT^dog, double ; K6pti, pupil]. That state in which the pupil is double. Diploe (dip'-lo-e) [djir^^, a fold]. The lacunar osse- ous tissue between the tables of the skull. Diploetic {dip-lo-ef -ik) [dmTioij, a fold]. Relating to the diploe ; diploic. Diplogenesis (dip-lo-jen' -es-is) \&mUo^, double ; yiveaig, production] . The development of a double or twin monstrosity. Diploic (dip-lo'-ik) \_&VK'ko!fj, a fold]. Pertaining to the diploe. Diploma (dip-lo' -maK) \S'm'ku>fia, a diploma]. A doc- ument granted by an authorized body of men, show- ing that the recipient has performed Certain work under the prescribed conditions, and is entitled to a definite professional rank and title. Diplomyelia {dip-l'o-mi-e'-le-ah) [Stnldog, double; fiveMg, marrow]. An apparent doubleness of the spinal cord, produced by a longitudinal fissure. Diplophony (dip-loff'-o-ne) \SmUoi;, double ; ^uv^, voice]. Same as Diphthongia. Diplophonia {dip-lo-fo' -ne-ah) [JiTrAdof, double; 0tw^, voice]. A rare symptom of laryngeal disease in which a double note is produced in the larynx. It is stated by Gottstein to occur in some cases of paraly- sis, or when a small tumor is situated so that on pho- nation it lies between the vocal bands. Cf. Diph- Diplopia (dip-lo' -pe-ah) \Sm\6oq, double ; ft^'f. sigbt]. Double vision, one object being seen by the eye or eyes as two. D., Binocular, the most frequent, is due to a derangement of the muscular balance, the images of the object being thereby thrown upon non-identical points of the retinae. D., Crossed, or D., Heter- onymous, the result of divergent strabismus, the image of the right eye appearing upon the left side, and that of the left eye upon the right side. D., Direct, or D., Homonymous, the reverse of Crossed D. , due either to paralysis of the external rectus or over-action of the internal rectus. D., Physiologic, that produced when an imperfect image is seen beyond or within the distance of the object accommodated for and transfixed by the visual axes. D., Monocular, or D., Uniocular, diplopia with a single eye, usually due to polycoria or other imperfections of the media. Diplopia (dip-lo' -pik) \pmA6oq, double ; i^Jf, sight]. Relating to or affected with diplopia. Diplopiometer (dip-lo-pe-om' -et-er) [i5(7r^dof , double ; fii|fef, sight; fierpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree of double vision. Diploplacula (dip-lo-plak' -u-laK) [<5j7rA(iof , double ; TrAaf, a tablet or plate]. In biology, a placula or discoid embryo composed of two layers of cells. Diplostemonous (dip-lo-stem' -o-nus) \Svn'klto^, double ; ariiium, a thread] . In biology, apphed to a flower in which the stamens are double the number of sepals and petals. Diploteratography (dip-lo-ter-at-og' -ra-fe) \&mUoq, double ; ripaq, a monster ; jpaipeiv, to write] . A term used by Fisher to denote the description and diagnosis of special forms of double monsters. Diploteratology (dip-lo-ter-ai-ol'-o-je) [SmUoq, double; ripac, a monster; Tidjog, science]. The science of twin monstrosities. Dippel's Animal Oil. Oleum cornu cervi ; a pyrolig- neous oil, containing ammonium carbonate, amins, and aromatic compounds. It is obtained in distilling bone and deer's horn. . It is antispasmodic and stim.u- lant. Unof. DipropaTgyl (di-pro-par'-jil), C5H5. One of the hydro- carbons ; a mobile liquid, of penetrating odor, isomeric with benzene ; it boils at 85° C. ; its specific gravity at 18° C. equals o. 81 . If allowed to stand or if heat be ap- plied to it, dipropargyl polymerizes and becomes thick and resinous. Diprosopia (di-pro-so' -pe-ah) [A'f, double ; ■Kp6isumov, face]. In teratology, the duplication of the face. Diprosopus (di-pros' -o-pus) [ijif, double ; npdaaTrav, face]. A monster characterized by a duplicity of the face and head, frequently associated with hydroceph- alus, acrania, defective development of the brain, and spina bifida. The diprosopi have been classified as follows: I. Diprosopus diophthalmus. 2. D. dis- fornus. " Fisher has described the first case of dipro- sopus diophthalmus, or distomus, reported in English. " There was anencephalus, a broad duplex nose, two mouths, one oral cavity, two tongues. 3. D. trioph- thalmus. In this variety there are three eyes, often with other deformities of the face and head, such as acrania, hare-lip, and cleft-palate. 4. D. tetrophthal- mus. In this variety the differentiation of the two faces is' further advanced, but there are still but two ears. There are present four eyes. 5. D. triotus. In this variety there are usually four eyes and always three ears. 6. D. tetrotus. In this variety, the intermediate stage between diprosopus and dicephalus, there are four eyes and four ears, with considerable duplicity in the cervical region. This is an extremely rare condi- tion in the human race. Dipsesis (dip-se' -sis) [(5ii/i!?crif, thirst]. Extreme thirst. Dipsetic (dip-set'-ik) [Snfnfniidg , causing thirst] . Caus- ing or attended with thirst. Dipsomania (dip-so-ma' -ne-ah) \S'v^a, thirst ; /lavta, madness]. The uncontrollable desire for spirituous liquors. This is generally considered as a disease. Dipsomaniac (dip-so-ma' -ne-ak) [^ditpa, thirst; /iavia, madness] . A person affected with dipsomania. Dipsopathy (dip-sop' -a-the) [rfii/;a, thirst ; mdog, affec- tion]. Any disease depending upon or related to alcoholic excess. Dipsosis (dip-so' -sis). See Dipsesis. DIPTEROCARPUS 378 DISEASE Dipterocarpus {dip-ter-o-kar^ -pits) [(5/7rre/30f, two- winged; KapirSg, fruit]. A genus of trees, mostly S. Asiatic. D. alatus, D. costatus, D. hispidus, D. lavis, and D. zeylanicus afford wood-oil or gurjun balsam. Dipterous \dip' -ter-tis) [dif, two ; Ttrepdv, wing] . In biology, two- winged, as a fly or a seed. Dipteryx (dip' -ter-iks) [rf/f , two ; yrr^fiuf, a wing]. A genus of leguminous trees. D . odorata, the tree that produces the Tonka Bean, q. v.. Dipygus {dip! -ig.-us) [djf , double ; ■Kvyti, buttocks] . A monstrosity with more or less duplication of the pelvis and lower parts of the back. Dirca [der'-ka/t) [ Ai'pic;?, a fountain near Thebes] . A genus of apetalous shrubs. D. palustris, wicopy, leatherwood, or moosewood ; a N. American thyme- laceous shrub, with the properties of mezereon. It is sparingly used in domestic practice for dyspepsia and hemicrania. Unof. Direct idi-reit') [directus, straight]. In a right or straight line. D. Current. See Current. D., Image. See Image. D. Ophthalmoscopy. See Ophthalmoscopy. D. Vision, the perception of an object the image of which falls upon the maculae. Direction (di-rek' -shun) [_dirigere, to direct]. Rela- tive position considered without regard to linear dis- tance. D. -spindle, a fusiform body of the ovula, stretching from the germinal vesicle toward the surface. Director {di-rek' -tor) [dirigere, to guide]. Anything that guides or directs. D., Grooved, an instrument grooved to guide the knife in surgical operations. Dirigomotor (dir-ig-o-mo'-tor) [dirigere, to direct; ?notor, a mover] . Causing or involving motion and at the same time directing that motion to an end. Dirt {dert) [ME., drit'\. Excrement; feces. D.-eat- ing. See Chthonophagia and Geophagism. Dis [di'f, twice]. A prefix used to denote two or double. Also, a prefix to denote apart from. Disaccharids (di-sak'-ar-ids). See Carbohydrates. Disarthral (dis-ar'-thral) [tfjf, twice ; apdpov, a joint]. Relating to muscles that pass over two joints, eg. , the biceps. Disarticulation ( dis-ar-tik-u-la' -shun ) \dis, apart ; articulum, a joint]. Amputation in the contiguity of a part or at a joint. Disassimilation (dis-as-sim-il-a' -shun) [disassimilatio']. In ophthalmology, the decomposition of visual sub- stances in the retina. Disassociation (dis-as-o-se-a' -shun) [dis, apart ; asso- «'ffl?'«, to unite with]. In chemistry, the decomposi- tion of a compound by heat, the molecules reuniting on the removal of the heat. Disc [disk) [discus, SiaKog, a quoit or round plate] . A cir- cular, plate-like organorbody, especially the papilla of the eye, the entrance of the optic nerve into the eye- ball. Its area corresponds with that of the blind spot. In dentistry, an instrument in the form of a disc, made of emery, cuttle-fish, bone, or sand-paper, for fin- ishing fillings on surfaces between teeth. 13., Blood. See Blood-corpuscle. D. -carrier, an instrument ap- plied to the dental engine for the better application of corundum discs to the teeth. D., Choked. See Papillitis. D., Corundum. A device used in den- tistry for separating teeth , by cutting away a portion ; it is used with the dental engine, and applied by means of carriers, that admit of ready adjustment and change of the disc to any desired angle with the shaft containing it. D., Cupping of. See Excavation of the Optic Nerve. D., Germinal, the small disc of the blastodermic membrane, in which the first traces of the embryo are seen. D., Hypermetropic, hazy ; simulating optic neuritis, observed in hyperme- tropia. D., Proligerous. See Discus proligerus. Discharge (dis-charj') [ME., dischargen, to unload]. Any evacuation ; that which is evacuated. See also Pigments, Colors and Dyestuffs. Discharger (dis-char'-jer). See Electric. Discharging (dis-charj' -ing) [ME., dischargen, to un- load]. Unloading, flowing out, as pus, etc. D. Centers, nerve-centers whence emanate influences which, according to the structures at the other ends of the nerves connected with them, may cause move- ments (muscles), secretion (glands), or contraction of vessels. D. Lesion, a brain-lesion that causes sudden discharges of nervous motor influence. Disciferous {dis-if'-er-us)[discus, &d\sc;ferre,iohta.-t\. In biology, disc-bearing. Discifioral (dis'-iflo-ral) [discus, a disc ; flos [for), n flower]. In biology, applied to such flowers as have the receptacle expanded into a conspicuous disc. Discissio cataractse. See Discission. Discission [dis-ish' -un) [discissio ; discindere, to tear or cut apart]. I. Bilateral incision, as of the cervix uteri. 2. An operation for cataract. See Cataract. Discoblastula {dis-ko-blas'-tu-lah) [diu/cof, a disc; pXacrdQ, a germ]. In embryology, the blastula result- ing from the development of a discomorula. Discocarp (dis'-ko-karp) [diaiwQ, a disc ; Kafsizix, a fruit]. In biology, applied to those fruits in which the expanded receptacle encloses the seeds or achenia ; also the same as Apothecium. Discocytula (dis-ko-sif -u-lah) [Slanni, a disc ; /aiTOf, a cell]. In embryology, the cytula resulting from the reformation of a nucleus in a discomonerula. Discodactyl {dis-ko-dak' -til) [S'lokoq, a disc ; SaKTvXo^, a finger]. In biology, applied to those animals {e.g., toads and frogs) the ends of whose toes are provided with disc-like dilatations. Discogastrula {dis-ko-gas' -tru-lah) [rficr/coc, a disc; yaar^p, belly ; gastrule, a two-layered germ-cup]. The gastrula resulting from discoid egg-cleavage or discoid segmentation of the yolk. Discoid or Discoidal {dis'-koid, dis-koi' -dal) [dicKOf, a disc]. Somewhat disc-shaped. Discomonerula {dis-ko-mo-ner' -u-lah) [dfaKOf, disc; lioviipr/g, solitary]. In embryology, a disc-like monerula of a meroblastic ovum. 'Discomora\a.{dis-ko-mor'-u-lah)[8iaimg,a.A\sc; morula, dim. of »«(»■«;«, a mulberry]. In embryology, a disc- like morula of a meroblastic ovum. Discrete {dis-krit') [discretus, separated]. A term applied to exanthematous eruptions in which the pustules or papules remain distinct. The opposite of confluent. 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OJ 3 S^ O OJ ■ 11 [I, < H o: ■< 111 c in 13 o £■ ■ V E- 3 ■s *4H O O < .5 C OJ O u li — i c 3 .-1 6 1 S 3 g OJ 1 OJ c Id 3 tn 1 .2 (A 1 1 ■5 W in 1 si u C 1 i i "3 392 DISTILLATION Dissemination (^dis-em-in-a'-shun) [dis, apart ; semin- are, to sow] . The scattering or dispersion of disease, or disease-germs. Dissepiment {dis-ep' -e-meni) [dis, apart; scepire, to hedge in]. A partition, septum, or diaphragm. Dissipation (dis-ip-a' -shun) [dissipare, to scatter]. A dispersion of matter or of the morbid conditions that cause disease. Dissociation (dis-so-se-a' -shun] \dis, apart ; sociare, to associate]. In physiology, the separation of the com- ponent elements of a compound. In chemistry, the decomposition of a compound by means of high tem- perature D. Symptom, anesthesia to pain and to heat and cold, with preservation of tactile sensibility and of the muscular sense ; it is observed in sjningo- myelia. Dissolution {dis-o-lu* -shun) \dissolutio ; dissolverSfto set free]. A solution of the continuity of a part. De- composition arising from the death of the body or its parts ; death. Dissolvent {diz-oV -vent) \_dissohiere , to loosen, dis- solve]. A solvent. Dissonance (ens' -o-nans) \dissononare , to disagree in sound]. The combination of such tones as are so dif- ferent from each other as to produce beats. Distad {dis'-tad) [distare, to lie at a distance ; ad, to]. In the direction of the free extremity of an appendage or part. See Position and Direction, Table of. Distal (dis'-tal] [distare, to be at a distance]. At the greatest distance from the trunk, heart, or mesial line. See Position and Direction, Table of. D. Clot, See Clot. Distally {dis'-tal-e') [distare, to beat a distance]. Dis- tad. Distance (dis'-tans) [distantia, distance]. The measure of space between two obj ects. D . , Working, in the microscope, the distance from the front lens of an objective to the object, when the objective is correctly focused. Distemper (dis-tem' -per) [distemperare, to dissolve]. • I. Disease ; malady ; indisposition ; most commonly applied to the diseases of animals. 2. A disease of young dogs, commonly considered as a catarrhal dis- order. D. Colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dye- stuffs. Disten [dis'-ten) [distare, to be at a distance] . Belong- ing to the distal aspect in itself. Distention (dis-ten' -shun) [distendere, to stretch]. The state of being dilated. Distichiasis [dis-tik-i' -as-is) [Slq, double ; arixog, a row] . The condition of a double row of eyelashes, the inner rubbing against the globe. Distichous {dis' -tik-tts) [StanxoC, having two rows]. In biology, in two perpendicular rows ; applied to the arrangement of leaves or other organs. Distillation [dis-til-a' -shun) [desHllare, to drop little by little]. The double process of vaporization and condensation of the vapor. This is used mainly in purifying liquids by separating them from non-volatile • substances. D., Destructive, the decomposition of a substance in a close vessel in such a manner as to obtain liquid products. The substances that are sub- mitted to destructive distillation are in the main solids, as wood, coat, shales, bones, and animal refuse. D., Fractional, a process of decomposition of complex liquid bodies depending upon the fact that, if a mixture of liquids, each having a different boiling-point, be heated, the one having the lowest boiling-point will pass over first, and if the temperature is not increased beyond that point at which the distillation of this fraction takes place, no other constituent will come over ; if the temperature be gradually increased the DISTOCIA 393 DOCIMASY others will follow In the order of their boiling-points. In cases in which the boiling-points are close, the action of one substance upon another often prevents exact separations. Distocia (dis-to' -se-ah) [tfif, double; t6ko^, birth]. Delivery or birth of twins. Distoma (dis-io' -mah) , or Distomum (dis-to' -murn) [(?(f, double ; ardfia, a mouth]. A genus of trema- tode worms. See Parasites {Animal), Table of. Distomiasis {dis-to-mi' -as-is) [dip, double ; ard/ia, mouth] . The symptoms produced by the presence of certain trematodes or flukes in the human system. Distomum {dis-to' -mum) [di'f , double ; (rrdfia, mouth] . Same as Distoma. See Parasites {Animal), Table of. Distomus {dis-to' -mus). See Diprosopus. Distortion {dis-tor' -shun) [distorquere , to distort]. I. A twisted or bent shape ; deformity or malformation, acquired or congenital. 2. A writhing or twisting motion, as of the face ; a grimace. Distorter oris {dis-tor' -ter o'-ris) [L., " the distortor of the mouth"]. The zygomaticus minor muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Distribution {dis-trib-u' -shun) \distribuere, to distri- bute] . The branching of a nerve or artery, and the arrangement of its branches within those parts that it supplies. Distrix {dis'-triks) [dif, two; Spif, hair]. The splitting of the distal ends of the hair. Disulphate ((/j-«^, crumpled]. The diseased condition caused by the presence in the body of parasites belonging to the genus Dochmius. Qi. Ankylostomiasis. Dochmius {dok'-me-us) [S6xi'-m, crumpled]. In biol- ogy, a genus of thread- worms of the family Strongy- lidss. See -Parasites {Animal), Table of. Docimasia {dos-im-a' -se-ah) [doKifiaaia ; Soia/i&^eiv, to examine]. I. Examination, especially a post- mortem examination. 2. A test, especially a chemic test, of poisons. 3. In pharmacy, the testing or assaying of medicines. D. pulmonum, a mode of determining whether a child has or has not been bom alive, by examination of the lungs. Docimastic {dos-im-as'-tik) [6oKi/Mi6eKa, twelve; ymij, a female]. In biology, having twelve pistils. Dodecamerous {do-dek-am'-er-us) \_&h&tiui, twelve ; fiipoQ, part]. In biology, having the floral organs in twelves. Dodecandrous (do-dek-an' -drus) [Si>SeKa, twelve; aviip (avSp-), a male]. In biology, having twelve stamens. Dodecapetalous (do-dek-a-pet' -al-ui) [diide/ca, twelve ; jT^ToAov, a leaf]. In biology, havmg a corolla con- sisting of twelve petals. Doderlein, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Dodging Time. The popular term among women for the period of irregular menstruation of varying dura- tion preceding the full establishment of the menopause. Dog-button. See Nux vomica. Dogma (dog'-mah) [d(i//xa, opinion ; Soxiuv, to think] . A tenet or principle taught by authority. A state- ment of medical science. Dog-rose [dog'-roz). See J?osa canina. Dogwood (dog'-wood). See Comus. Dohrn's Method. A method of dressing the umbilical cord. The stump is covered with cotton-wool fixed with stumps of adhesive plaster. This dressing is likely to be followed by umbilical ulceration. Dolabra (do-la' -braK) [L.]. A name applied to various bandages. D. currens. See Ascia. D. repens. See Ascia. Dolabriform (do-lab' -rif-orni) [dolabra, a kind of hatchet; forma, shape]. In biology, shaped like an axe. Dolbeau's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Doliaiiin (do-le-a'-re-in) \dolium, a cask] . A vegetable pepsin, like papain and cradin, obtained from Ficus doliaria, a wild fig-tree of Brazil. It is vermifuge, purgative, and digestive. Unof. Doli capax (do'-li ka'-paks) [L. : pi., Doli capaces\ In legal medicine, one capable of guilt ; one able or old enough to distinguish right and wrong ; one morally or legally responsible. D. incapax, one incapable, or not old enough to distinguish wrong from right, or to be legally responsible for wrong-doing. Dolichocephalia (dol-ik-o-sefa' -le-ah) {SokixI'Z, long ; mibaXii, head] . The condition of being dolichocephalic. Dolichocephalic, or Dolichocephalous (dol-ik-o-sef al'-ik, or -sef'-al-us) [pokix^q, long; Kzi^oKij, head]. Having a relatively long antero-posterior cephalic diameter (applied to skulls or to persons or races). See Index. Dolichohieric (dol-ik-o-hi-er' -ik) [^okix^q, long ; lepfn, sacrum]. Having a relatively slender sacrum. See Platyhieric. Dolichopellic (dol-ik-o-pel'-ik) \_6o2.i.xl>Q, long ; niXka, a bowl]. Having a relatively long or narrow pelvis. See Platypellic. Dolor (do' -lor) \dolere, to feel pain]. Bodily or mental pain or suffering. D. colicus. Synonym of Enter- algia. D. dentium, pain in the teeth. See Odon- talgia. Dolores prsesagientes, precursory pains felt by women in advance of labor. Domatophobia (do-mat-o-fo' -be-ah) [du/u>, house; (p6l3o(:, fear] . Insane dread of being in a house ; a variety of claustrophobia. Donath's Tests. See Tests, Table of. D. and Mayr- hofer's Test. See Tests, Table of Donda Ndugu [African] . Brother Ulcer ; a disease common on the east coast of Africa, due to some minute organism that infests stagnant water and enters an abraded joint of the lower extremities, especially of the lower third of the leg. The part becomes swollen, and a deep-seated slough occurs that burrows beneath the healthy tissues. Death may follow from exhaustion or hemorrhage. Those who recover are generally permanently lamed. Donders' Glaucoma. See Diseases, Table of. D. Law. See Law. D. Schematic Eye, in optics, a device for calculating the path of the rays from one refracting surface to the other. D. Theory, a theory' of the formation of glaucoma, in which the disease is supposed to originate in an irritation of the choroid nerves. Donegana's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Donne's Corpuscles, or Globules. See Globule &t\& Colostrum Corpuscles. D. Test. See Tests, Table of. Donovan's Solution. See Arsenic. Doornick's Horizontal Line. See Line. Dorcadizant (dor-kad' -iz-ant ) \&opKa6l^tm, to leap like a gazelle ; SopxaQ, gazelle]. Leaping; characterized by leaps ; applied to certain forms of insanity. Doremus's Method. A method of estimating the amount of urea in the urine. It is done by allowing the urine to pass through a solution of sodium hypo- bromite and measuring the gas that is evolved. Dorsad (dor'-sad) [^dorsum, the back]. Toward the dorsal aspect ; dorsally. See Position and Direction, Table of. Dorsal (dor' -sal) [dorsum, the back]. Pertaining to the back, or to the posterior part of an organ. The term Neural is sometimes used in place of dorsal. See Position and Direction, Table of. D. Artery. See Artery. D. Decubitus, recumbency in the supine position. D. -elevated Position. See Postures, Table of. D. Nerves. See Nerves, Table of. D.- recumbent Position. See Postures, Table of. D. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. D. semi-recumb- ent Posture. See Postures, Table of. Dorsalis pedis (dor-sa'-lis pe'-dis). See Arteries, Table of. Dorsen (dor'-sen) [dorsum, the back]. Belonging to the dorsum in itself. DorsicoUar (dor-se-kol' -ar) [dorsum, the back; collutn, the neck]. In biology, having to do with the back and neck. Dorsicumbent (dor-se-kum' -bent ) [dorsum, the back ; cubare, to lie down] . In biology, supine ; or lying upon the back, Dorsigerous (dor-sij' -er-us) [dorsum , the back ; gerere, to carry]. In biology, bearing the young upon the back. Dorsigrade (dor'-sig-rad) [dorsum, the back ; gradi, to walk]. In biology, applied to animals that walk upon the back of the toes, as the armadillo. Dorsi-lumbar [dor-si- lum'- bar). See Dorso-lumhar. Dorsimesad (dor-si-me' -sad) [dorsum, back ; jikom, the middle]. Toward the dorsimeson. See Position and Direction , Table of. Dorsimesal (dorsi-me'-sal) [dorsum, back; p.k(sm, the DORSI-MESON 395 DOURINE middle]. Pertaining to the dorsimeson. See Posi- tion arid Direction, Table of. Dorsi-meson (dor-si-me' -son) \dorsum, the back ; fikaov, the middle]. The dorsal edge of the meson or median plane of the body. The dorsal, mesal, or median line. Cf. Ventrimeson ; aSsa Position and Di- rection, Table of. ' Dorsiparous {dor-sip' -ar-us) [dorsum, the back ; parere, to produce]. Applied to plants that bear fruit on the back of the leaves (ferns), or animals hatching young upon the back (toads). Dorsi-scapular {dor-si-skap' -u-lar') [dorsum, back ; scapula, the shoulder]. Relating to the dorsum of the scapula. Dorse- [dor' -so-) [dorsum, back]. A prefix used in connection with the names of such organs as have their attachment to or about the back. Dorsocephalad (dor-so-sef-al-ad) [dorsum, back; KeifiaAii, head] . Toward the dorsal aspect of the head. Dorsodynia (dor-so-din' -e-ah) [dorsum, back ; bSiii^, pain]. Omodynia ; scapulodynia ; pain in the dorsal region ; rheumatism of the muscles of the shoulders and upper back. Jioiso-himhac [dor-so-lum'-bar) [dorsum, hack.; lum- bus, loin]. Relating to the back and the loins. Dorso-sacral Position. See Postures, Table of. Dorso-thoracic {dor-so-tko-ra' -sik) [dorsum, back; 06pal, thorax]. Relating to the back and the thorax. Dorstenia (dor-ste'-ne-a/i). See Contrayerva. Dorsulum \dor' -su-lum) [dim. of dorsum, the back]. The second dorsal sclerite of the thorax in certain insects. Dorsum {dor' -sum) [L.]. I. The back. The rounded part of the back. 2. Any part corresponding to the back ; as the dorsum of the foot, hand, tongue, scap- ula, or penis ; in many cases, the upper surface is thus designated. Dorsumbonal {dor-sum' -bo-nal) [dorsum, the back ; umbo, a boss]. In biology, pertaining to both the dorsal and umbonal regions in a bivalve mollusc. Dosage {do'-saf) [Sdai^, a portion given]. A system or method of dosing. See Posology. Dose {dos) [SdaiQ, a portion]. The measured portion of medicine to be taken at one time. D., Divided, a mode of administration in which a drug is to be taken in fractional portions at short intervals. D., Maximum, the largest portion of medicine ordered to produce a given result, or the largest dose consist- ent with safety. In this work both minimum and maximum dosage is given under each medicine or preparation. D., Minimum, the smallest quantity of a medicine that will produce physiologic effects. GAUBIUS' TABLE Of Proportion of Dose According to Age. For an adult, suppose the dose to be . . i, or 60 grains An individual under i year will require A, " .'i " " " " 2 years " " J, " 8 " " 3 i. ", 1° " 4 ' i. " 15 " 7 " " it 20 " 14 " " " i, ■' 30 " " " 20 " " " i, " 40 for one of 21 to 60, the full dose, or . . i, 60 Above this age, an inverse gradation must be observed. Dosimeter., {do-sim'-et-er) [S6aig, a dose ; likrpov, a measure]! A drop-meter ; an instrument for measur- ing minute quantities of a liquid. Dosimetric {do-sim-ef -rik) [ddai^, a dose ; /xirpov, a measure] . Relating to or characterized by dosimetry. Dosimetry {do-sim' - et-re) [S6cii;, dose ; /lerpm, a measure] . The accurate and systematic measurement of a dose or prescribed portion ; the use of drugs in exact and definite doses. Dosiology, or Dosology {do-se-ol'-o-je, or do-sol' -o-je) [dderif, dose ; Adyof, science]. Posology; the science of doses. Dosis {do' -sis). See Dose. Dossil {dos'-il) [ME., (/7V-«/-«'«^) [ME., drinclen]. I. An invol- untary flow of the saliva, as in old age, infancy, idiocy, and mental stupor. 2. Senile weakness of mind. Drivers' Spasm [dri'-verz spazm). See Spasm. Dromograph {drom' -o-graf) \Sp6jMq, a course ; ypa^uv, to write]. An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood-current. Drop. See Gutta and Minim. I. To let fall in glob- ules or drops, as a liquid. 2. To let fall from the womb. 3. A spheric mass of fluid-material. D.- culture, in bacteriology, a culture prepared by placing a drop of the infected material in a culture-medium. D. -meter. See Dosimeter. D.-serene. See Gutta Serena. D.-shoulder, the condition in which one shoulder is on a much lower level than the other; not uncorampnly met with in hysterical girls. Dropped Hand, or Wrist {dropt hand or rist). A form of paralysis from lead-poisoning, consisting in the inability to contract the extensors of the forearm. D. Foot, a deformity, especially observed in alco- holic peripheral neuritis, and dependent upon weak- ness of the flexors of the foot. OTOppCT (drop^-er) [ME., droppen, to drop]. A bottle, tube, or pipet, fitted for the emission of a liquid drop by drop. See Stopper-dropper. Dropsical {drop' -sik-al) [vSpuf, dropsy]. Affected with or pertaining to dropsy. Dropsy {drop/se) [irfpui/), dropsy]. See Hydrops. D. of Belly. See Ascites. D. of Brain. See Hydro- cephalus. D., Cardiac, that due to failure of compen- sation in cardiac disease. D., False, an accumula- tion of liquid in a cavity of an organ from obstruction of the outlet ; a retention-cyst. D. of Chest. See Hydrothorax. D. of Peritoneum, ascites, hydro- peritoneum. D. of Pericardium, hydropericardium. D. of Spine. See Spina bifida and Hydrorrhachis. D. of Testicle. See Hydrocele. D. of Uterus. See Hydrometra. Vioseia. (dros'-er-ah) [(Jpotre/ixJf , dewy]. Sundew; the D. rotundifolia, native of U. S. and Europe. An antispasmodic, useful in whooping-cough and other spasmodic coughs. Dose of the fluid extract Jl\,v-xx ; of the tincture (l in lo) tr\^v-xv. Unof. Droserin (dros'-er-in) [Spoaepdg, dewy]. A ferment resembling pepsin and found in the digestive secretions of most of the insectivorous plants. Drown [ME., drotunen, to drown]. To deprive of life by immersion in a fluid. Drowning (droiun' -ing) [ME., drownen, to drown]. Depriving of life by immersion in a fluid. D., Intra- uterine. See Intra-uterine. D., Treatment of. See Artificial Respiration. Drowsy {drow'-ze) [AS., drusan, to sink]. Inclined to sleep ; sleepy. Drug \yiE . , drugges]. A substance, simple or com- pound, natural or prepared, single or mixed with other substances used as a. medicine. D., Antago- nistic, one that neutralizes the action of another by a process other than chemic. D,-eruptions. See Dermatitis medicamentosa. D.-habit, the acquiring of a tolerance for a drug after long administration, by which its physiologic action in normal dose is abolished. This may be avoided by intermitting the remedy from time to time. Druggist {drug'-ist) [ME., drugges\. One who deals in drugs. Drum [ME., drumme\ The tympanum. The laby- rinth of a bird. D.-belly. See Tympanites. D. of Ear. See Tympanum. D.-head. See Membrana tympani. Drumin [drum' -in) [Drummond, a botanist]. A name given to the alkaloid extractive of Euphorbia drutn- mondii, an Australian plant. It is said to be a local anesthetic, and is claimed, also, to be an impure calcium oxalate. Unof. See Anesthetic. Drummers' Palsy [drum'-erz pawl'-ze). A form of occupation-neurosis, dependent upon the constrained attitude of the hand in beating a drum. Drummond's Whiff. See Signs and Symptoms , Table of. Drumstick - bacillus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Drunkard (drunk' -ard). One given to excessive in- dulgence in spirituous drinks. D.'s Liver, a cir- rhotic liver. D.'s Pneumonia, a grave form of pneumonia occurring in drunkards ; it is usually fatal. Drunkenness [ drunk' -en-nes ) [AS., druncen, drunkeii]. Acute or habitual alcoholic intoxication. See Alcoholism, Dipsomania, Inebriety. Drupe (drup') [dpv-mra, an over-ripe olive]. In biol- ogy, a stone-fruit, as the cherry, peach, and plum. Drupelet (drup' -let) [dpvTnra, an over-ripe olive]. A little drupe. Drupetum (dru-pe' -tu-m) \drupa, a drupe]. In biol- ogy, an aggregation of drupes, as in a blackberry. Druse (drus) [Ger.]. A wound that does not com- municate with any surface ; a rupture of the tissues with no superficial lesion. Dry (dri) [ME., drye\ I. Without moisture. 2. Barren. 3. To evaporate. D.-ash System. See Dry-earth System. D. Belly-ache. See Girdle- pain. D. Caries. See Onychomycosis. D. Cup- ping. See Cupping. D. -earth System, Dry-ash System; a method of disposing of feces by mingling with them dry earth or ashes in sufficient quantity to absorb all moisture from them, so as to render them inodorous and to prevent decomposition. D. Gan- grene. See Gangrene. D. Itch. Synonym of Lichen. D. Labor, one in which there is but a slight discharge of liquor amnii. D. Mouth. See Xeros- tomia. D.-nurse, a nurse who attends and feeds a child, but does not suckle it. D. Pile, a hemorrhoid that does not bleed. D. Pleurisy, pleurisy without effusion. D.-scall, a synonym of psoriasis. D.- swimming, swimming exercise in the air, a useful gymnastic measure. D. Tetter. See Psoriasis. D. Wine, a wine containing little or no sugar. See Wines. Dryer's Test. See Tests, Table of. Drying Oils. See Oils and Fats. DRYSDALE'S CELLS OR CORPUSCLES 398 DUCT Drysdale's Cells or Corpuscles. Certain microscopic cells in ovarian fluid, generally round, sometimes oval in form, transparent, containing fine granules, but no nucleus. They have been described as pathognomonic of ovarian cysts, but this is disputed. Dualin (du'-al-in) [dual, of tvfo]. An explosive com- posed of a mixture of nitro-glycerin 5° parts and nitrated sawdust 50 parts. Giant powder and rend- rock are similar mixtures. Dualism (du'-al-ism) [duo, tvfo]. A system by virhich natural phenomena are explained upon two principles. D., Chancrous, the theory of the existence of two forms of chancre — the non-infecting, or soft chancre, and the infecting, or true (hard) chancre. Dualistic (du-al-is'-tik) [dual, of two]. Characterized by duality. D. Theory of the Composition of Carbon-compounds ; every chemic compound is composed of two groups, electrically different, and these are further made up of two different groups or elements. The Electro-chemic , dualistic theory of Berzelius was prevalent in Germany until about i860. Duality [du-al' -it-e) [dualitas, dual]. Dualism; the supposed distinction, and potentially independent ac- tion, of ea,ch of the cerebral hemispheres. Dubini's Disease. " Electric chorea ;" myelitis con- vulsiva; a malady met with in Italy, differing from chorea in the character of the movements, which are sudden and shock-like ; in the course of the disease, which is progressive and often fatal ; and in the ad- dition of muscular palsy and wasting. Its etiology and pathology are obscure. See Diseases, Table of. Dublin Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Dubois' Caustic. See Caustic. Duboisia (du-bois' -e-ah) [after Dubois, a French botan- ist]. The leaves of D. myoporoides, an Australian tree. It resembles belladonna in physiologic and therapeutic effects. D., Ext. Dose gr. Ye-^- D., Ext. Fid. Dose tr\, v-x. D., Tinct. Dose tr\, v-xx. Duboisin {du-bois' -in)[a.it&c Dubois, a French botanist], C^qH^sN^O. An alkaloid from Duboisia myoporoides, identical with hyoscyamin. Dubrueil's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Duchenne's Disease. See Diseases, Table of D. Paralysis. See Diseases, Table of. D.-Aran Type of Muscular Atrophy. See Diseases, Table of. Duck-bill Forceps. See Forceps. D. Speculum. See Speculum. Duckett's Closet. See Sewage, Disposal of. Duck-foot {duk'-fooi). Synonym of Flat-foot. Duck-legged [duk-leg'-ed"). Having very short legs. Duck-weed Disease (duk'-wid dis-m'). A German name for tuberculosis in cattle. Duckworth's Theory. The neuro-humoral theory of the origin of gout. It is that there is a basic, arthritic stock, a diathetic habit, of which gout and rheumatism are two distinct branches. The gouty diathesis is expressed in [a] an abnormality of the nerve-centers, which may be inherited or acquired ; and (b) a peculiar incapacity for normal elaboration within the whole body, whereby uric acid is formed at times in excess or is incapable of being duly transformed into more soluble and less noxious products. Duct, or Ductus [ducere, to lead] . A tube for the con- veyance of the fluids of the body. D., Aberrant, a. small, blind, coiled tube, 2 to 14 inches in length, run- ning from the lower portion of the canal of the epi- didymis. D., Aberrant Bile, one of a number of biliary ducts, occasionally found in the left lateral ligament of the liver. They are not surrounded by lobules and are the remains of hepatic substance, present at an early stage of development. D., Acous- tic, the external auditory meatus. D., Adipose, one of the sacs in cellular tissue containing the fat. D., Air, in biology, one of the intercellular spaces in aquatic plants, containing air. D., Alimentary. See D., Thoracic. D., Alveolar, one of the infundibula of the bronchioles. D., Annular, in biology, one of the ring-shaped thickenings of the cells of vascu- lar tissue. D. of Arantius. See D. venosus. D., Archinephric. See D., Mesonephric. D., Arterial. See D. arteriosus. D. arteriosus, a short vessel in the fetus between the main pulmonary artery and the aorta. It becomes obliterated at birth. D., Auditory, the space between the membrana tectoria and the membrana basilaris of the cochlea. D. of Bartholin, the larger and longer of the sublingual ducts, opening into the mouth near to, or in common with, Wharton's duct. D. of Bellini, one of the excretory tubes of the kidneys. D., Biliary, ^e D., Common Bile. D. of Botal. See D. arteriosus. D., Branchial, in Myzontes, a short tube between the branchial pouch and the intestinal cavity. D., Canalicular, one of the smaller galactophorous ducts of the mammae. D., Cement, in Cirripedia, one of a number of tubes that pass through the antennae from the cement-glands. D. choledochus. See D., Common Bile. D., Cochlear. See Canal, Cochlear. D., Common 1 Bile, a duct about three inches long formed by the union of the cystic and hepatic ducts, and convey- ing the bile to the duodenum. D. of Cuvier, in the fetus, one of two short transverse venous trunks, on either side, opening into the auricle of the heart, each being formed by the union of a superior vein, the primitive jugular, and an inferior vein. The right one becomes the superior vena cava ; the left one disappears. D., Cysthepatic. See Hepato-cystw. D., Cystic, the excretory duct of the gall-bladder; it is about l^ inches long, runs backward, downward, and to the left and unites with the hepatic duct to form the common bile-duct. D. of Darwin. See D., Cement. D., Definitive, one of the straight milk-ducts in the nipple. D., Efferent. 5iarae2ii Canal, Deferent. D., Egestlve. ?see D., Excretory. D., Ejaculatory, a duct about an inch long, on either side of the body, formed by the union of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle. The semen passes through it into the urethra. D., Endolymphatic, a tubular process of the mem- branous labyrinth of the ear, passing through the aqueduct of the vestibule into the cranial cavity, where it terminates below the dura mater in a blind enlarge- ment, the sacculus endolymphaticus. D., Esophago- cutaneous, in biology, a duct joining the esophagus with the branchial pore, and thus with the exterior. D., Excretory, the tube through which the secretion of a gland is discharged. D., Galactophorous, one of the 15 or 20 milk-ducts of the lobes of the mammary glands. They converge toward the areola, and ter- minate upon the surface of the nipple in small de- pressions. D., Gall. See D., Bile, D. , Hepatic, and D., Cystic. D. of Gartner, the canal of Gartner. See Canal. D., Genital, the genital canal. See Canal. D., Guttural, the Eustachian tube. D., Hepatic, a duct, l % inches long, formed at the margin of the transverse fissure of the liver by the right and left hepatic ducts. It unites with the cysdc duct to form the common bile-duct. D., Hepatic, Left, a duct arising from the left lobe of the liver, and joining the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. D., Hepatic, Middle, an occasional branch of the hepatic duct, conveying the bile from the quad- rate lobe of the liver. D., Hepatic, Right, a duct arising from the right lobe of the liver, and joining the left hepatic duct, to form the common hepatic duct. D., Hepato-cystic, one of the biliary ducts emptymg DUCT 399 DULCAMARA directly into the gall-bladder. D.,Hepato-pancreatic, a duct conveying the secretions of the liver and pancreas into the intestinal canal ; the common bile-duct. D., Hermaphrodite, a duct that in hermaphroditic animals receives the male and female elements. D., Hemi- thoracic, an ascending branch of the thoracic duct, given off high in the thorax, and opening either into the right lymphatic duct or close to the angle of union of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins. D. inferens, in certain Edentata, one of the ducts leading from the submaxillary glands to a common receptacle for the secretion of the gland. D., Inter- cellular, the intercellular canal. See Canal. D., Interlobular, Bile, one of the ducts situated between the lobules of the liver. They are of two varieties, small and large. D., Intralobular, Bile, one of the intralobular canals. See Canal. D., Lachrymal. See D., Nasal. D., Lactiferous. ?>eel>., Galactophorous. D., Leydig's. See D., Mesonephric and D., Uro- genital. D., L3anph. %&e.D., Thoracic. D., Lym- phatic. See D., Thoracic. D., Lymphatic, Left. See D. , Thoracic. D ., Lymphatic, Right, the vessel that receives the lymph from the absorbent vessels of the right arm, the right side of the head and neck, the chest, lung and right side of the heart, and also from the upper surface of the liver. It terminates at the junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular veins. D., Mammary. See Z>., Galactophorous. D., Mesone- phric, an embryonic duct belonging to the mesone- phron, and formed by the longitudinal Bssion of a por- tion of the segmental duct. In the male, it becomes the vas deferens, while in the female it almost entirely disappears. D., Metanephric, the Ureter, q. v. D., Milk. See D., Galactophorous. D., Muco. See Canal, mucous. D., Mucous. See Canal, nmcous. D. of Miiller, a tube (on either side of the body) formed by the undivided portion of the segmental duct, and of the longitudinal tubes into which it divides. From them in the female are developed the ovi- ducts, uterus and vagina, while in the male they atrophy and disappear. D., Nasal, the duct, yi an inch long, that conveys the tears from the lachrymal sac into the inferior meatus of the nose. D., Naso-Iachrymal. See D., Nasal. D., Nuckian, one of the excretory ducts of the orbital gland of the dog. D., Omphalic. See D., Vitelline. D., Omphalo-mesenteric. See/)., Vitelline. D., Pancreatic, a duct that extends from the pancreas to the duodenum at the point where the common bile-duct enters the bowel. D., Pancreatic, Accessory, the excretory duct of the lesser pancreas, opening into the pancreatic duct or into the duodenum, close to the orifice of the common bile-duct. D., Pancreatic, Supplementary. See D., Pancreatic, Accessory. D., Parotid. See D. of Stensen. D. of Pecquet, the thoracic duct. D., Pneumatic, in fishes, the tube that connects the swimming-bladder with the esophagus. D., Pronephric. See D., Seg- metttal. D., Prostatic, one of the ducts conveying the secretion of the prostate into the urethra. D., Reticulate, in biology, an aggregation of parenchy- matous tissue-cells, in which the thickenings assume the form of a network. D. reuniens, a small duct leading from the saccule to the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea. D. of Rivini, one of the ducts of the subungual gland. D., Roriferous. See D., Thoracic. D., Sacculo-utricular, a small canal connecting the saccule of the internal ear with the utricle. D. of Santorini. Same as, D., Pancreatic, Accessory. D., Scalariform, in biology, one of numer- ous parallel narrow and elongated bordered pits in plant-cells set close together like the rounds of a ladder. D., Secretory, one of the smaller ducts of a gland, tributaries of the excretory duct. D., Segmental, in embryology, a tube, on either side of the body, situated between the visceral and parietal layers of the mesoblast, opening anteriorly into the body-cav- ity, and posteriorly into the cloaca. D., Seminal. See D.,Ejaculatory. D., Spermathecal, in certain Mollusca, the duct that connects the spermatheca with the hermaphrodite duct. D., Spermatic, the Vas deferens ; q. v. D., Spiral, in biology, the prosen- chymatous cell-tissue, the walls of which are marked by spiral thickenings. D. of Steno. See D. of Stensen. D., Stenon's. See D. of Stensen. D., Stenonine. See D. of Stensen. D. of Stensen, i. a duct about 2^ inches long, conveying the secretion of the parotid gland into the mouth, opening on the inner side of the cheek, about opposite to the second upper molar tooth. 2. See Canal, Incisive. D., Sub- lingual. See D. of Rivini axA D. of Bartholin. D., Tear, the nasal duct. D., Testicular, the vas de- ferens, q. V. D., Thoracic, a duct i8 to 20 inches long, extending from the receptaculum chyli, in front of the vertebrje as far as the seventh cervical vertebra, where it curves down over the subclavian artery and empties into the left subclavian vein at its junction with the left internal jugular vein. It receives the lymph and chyle not received by the right lymphatic duct. D., Thyroglossus, in the embrj'o, a duct that termi- nates upon the tongue as the foramen cecum, and leads to the rudiments of the thyroid body. D., Trabecular, in biology, prosenchymatous tissue-cells, in which thickenings cross the lumen of the cell. D., Uro- genital, in biology, a duct that receives the urine and the genital products. D., Uropygial, in birds, a duct leading from the uropygial gland. D., Uroseminal. See D., Uro-genital. D. venosus, the smaller, shorter, and more posterior of the two branches into which the umbilical vein divides after entering the abdomen. It empties directly into the ascending vena cava. After the birth of the fetus it becomes oblit- erated. D., Vitellarian, the canal in which an ovum receives its investment of albuminoid substance. D., Vitelline, a temporary channel of communication be- tween the alimentary canal of the embryo and the umbilical vesicle. D., Vitello-intestinal. See D., Vitelline. D. of Wharton, the duct, about two inches long, of the sublingual gland, opening in the mouth at the side of the frenum linguae. D. of Wirsung, the pancreatic duct. D., Wolffian, the mesonephric duct. D., Yellow. See Canal, Eschricht's. Ductule (duk'-chul) \ductulus, a small duct]. A small duct, as the straight seminal ducts. Dudgeon's Recipe. A formula for varnish to preserve sphygmographic and cardiographic tracings. It con- sists of one ounce of gum dammar dissolved in six ounces of rectified benzolin. Dudley's Operation. See Operations, Table of. D. Tests. See Tests, Table of . Duflos' Tests. See Tests, Table of Dugas' Test. A method of diagnosis in dislocation of the shoulder. If the hand of the affected side is made to clasp the opposite shoulder, the elbow cannot be made to touch the front of the chest. Dugong Oil (du'-gong). The fixed oil afforded by the dugong, Halicore australis, a marine sirenian mam- mal. It is regarded as a good substitute for cod-liver oil. Duhring's Disease, or Impetigo. See Impetigo, Der- matitis herpetiformis, and Diseases, Table of Dulcamara {dul-kam-a' -ra) [dulcamara, bitter-sweet]. Bittersweet. The young branches of D. solanum, containing several glucosids and an alkaloid. Its properties are not well understood. It causes nausea^ DULCAMARIN 400 DUPLICANA emesis and convulsive musculeir movements, and in toxic doses is a narcotic poison. It is now employed in psoriasis and similar skin-diseases. D., Fid, Ext. Dose 3J. D., Decoctum, unof., lo per cent, strength. Dose §j-ij. Dulcamarin (dul-kam-a' -riti) [dulcamara, bitter-sweet] C22H3jOj|,. An alkaloid of Bittersweet. It is a yel- low, amorphous powder, with a sweetish-bitter taste, sparingly soluble in water, freely so in alcohol and acetic acid, insoluble in ether and chloroform. Dulcin (dul'-sin). See Dulcitol. Dulcite (dul'-sit). See Dulcitol. Dulcitol {dul'-sit-ol) [dulcis, sweet] C^H^Oj. Dulcin, dulcite ; an hexahydric alcohol occurring in various plants, and obtained from dulcitol manna (originating from Madagascar manna). It is made artificially by the action of sodium amalgam upon milk-sugar and galactose. It crystallizes in large monoclinic prisms, having a sweet taste. ' It is sparingly soluble in water, and melts at l88° C. It is said to be two hundred times as sweet as sugar. Dull (afw;, energy ; ytv- vav, to beget]. The production of energy ; the phys- iologic generation of force. Dynamograph [di-nam' -o-graf) [Svvafug, power ; ypa- (jieiv, to write]. An instrument designed to measure and graphically record muscular strength. Dynamometer [di-nam-om'-et-er) [diiva/ug, power ; /lerpov, a measure]. An instrument designed to Dynamometer of Mathieu. [Landois.) measure force, or one for the measurement of muscu- lar strength, particularly of the hand. Dyne [din) [Sma/iig, power]. A force sufficient to DYS 402 DYSMENORRHEA impart a velocity of one centimeter per second to a mass of one gram. See Electric Units. Dys- [rfuf-,] a prefix implying difficulty, illness, bad- ness ; it may be represented by bad, hard, difficult, painful. Dysacousma (dis-ak-ooz' -maK) \pv^, painful ; humaia, hearing] . A sensation of pain or discomfort caused by loud or even moderate noises. Dysacusia, or Dysacousis (dis-ak-oo' -ze-ah or -sis) [r!i;f, hard; a/coTOa, hearing]. Hardness or difficulty of hearing. Dyssesthesia {dis-es-the^ -ze-aJi). See Dysesthesia. Dysalbumose {dis-aV -bu-mbz). See Albumose. Dysanagnosia [dis-an-ag-no'-ze-ah) [Svq, hard ; avay- vaaig, recognition, reading]. Word-blindness; dys- lexia. Dysaphe {dis'-af-e) \_6v(, painful ; a^ii, touch] . Mor- bid state of the sense of touch. Dysapocatastasis [dis-ap-o- kaf-as' -tas-is) [Svg, hard; aTTOKaTaaraaiQ, reestablishment]. Morbid restlessness and dissatisfaction. Dysaponotocy (dis-ap-o-hof -o-se) [dtif-, difficult; oiro- vof, painless; rci/cof, birth.]. Painless, but difficult, labor. Dysarthria (dis-ar'-thre-ah) [6v;- , difficult ; ap8pov, articulation]. Impairment of the power of speech- articulation, from disease of the medulla and pons. D. literalis. Synonym of Stammering. Dysarthrosis {dis-ar-thro' -sis') [rfff-, bad ; apBpov, a joint]. I. A deformed joint. 2. A false-joint. 3. A dislocation of a joint. Dysbasia {dis-ba' -ze-ah) [(5«f -, difficult ; I36.ciq, a step] . Difficulty of walking. (Proposed instead of abasia, as in the affection there is rarely absolute inability to walk.) Dysbuiia (dis-bu' -le-ah) \Iivq-, difficult; ^ovXeadai, to will]. Impairment of will-power. Dyscataposis {dis-kat-ap' -o-sis). Synonym of Hydro- phobia. Dyschroa, or Dyschrcea (dis' -kro-ah or -kre'-ah) [6vg-, bad; ;f/3od, color]. Discoloration, especially of the skin. Dyschromatopsia [dis-kro-mat-op' -se-ah) [dwf-, ill ; XPp-0; color; 5i^(f, vision]. Difficulty in distin- guishing colors. Dyschromia [dis-kro^ -me-ah) [(^vf-, ill ; xp^t^^t color]. Discoloration, especially of the skin. Dyschylia (dis-ki' -le-ah) [tiiif-, ill; ;i;);A<)f, chyle]. Disorder of the chyle. Dyscinesia {dis-sin-e^ -ze-ah) \5v<;-, ill ; Ktv/fffi^, mo- tion]. Difficult or painful motion. Dysconsi {dis-^o^-re-ah) [(hjg-, bad; Kiip//, pupil]. Ab- normality of the form of the pupil. Dyscrasia [dis-kra' -ze-ah) [Svq-, bad; apaai^, combi- nation] . A depraved or abnormal state ; an abnor- mal or impure condition of the blood, due to general disease. Dyscrasic, Dyscratic (dis-kraz' -ik , dis-krat' -ik) \_Svq-, bad; KpaniQ, combination]. Of the nature of, or af- fected with a dyscrasia. Dyseccea, or Dysecoia {dis-es-e' -ah, or dis-ek-oi'-ah) [^dvcT/Kola, deafness]. Hardness of hearing. Dysenteria (dis-en-te'-re-ah). See Dysentery. D. splenica. Synonym of Melena. Dysenteric (dis-en-tey' -ik) [duf-, bad ; inrepov, the bowels]. Of the nature of or affected with dysentery. Dysentery (dis'-en-ter-e) \pvq-, bad ; evrepov, the bowels]. An acute specific disease marked by inflam- mation of the solitary glands and follicles of the large intestine, with tormina and tenesmus, and the frequent passage of scanty and bloody stools. Death may result from asthenia, or peritonitis from perforation. Toward the close of grave cases of the disease the stools may become watery, black (the so-called "meat- washings"), and of an offensive gangrenous odor. Dysentery is prevalent in all malarious regions, and is also likely to occur among troops when the food is poor and irritating, and the drinking-water impure. D., Algid, that form characterized by great feebleness or absence of the pulse-beat, cyanosis, aphonia, sup- pression of urine, cold surface, and an early fatal issue. D., Amebic, that in which the Ameba coli is found in the stools. D., Hemorrhagic, a grpve bowel-disease in India, marked by profuse hemor- rhages from the bowels, with collapse. D., Sporadic, a mild type occurring in temperate climates. D., White, an epidemic variety, with muco-purulent stools. Dysepulotic {dis-ep-u-lof -ik) \&vq-, bad; eirovXunK^s, healing]. Cicatrizing slowly and imperfectly. Dysesthesia, [dis-es-the'-ze-ah) [dwf-, difficult; aladr/aig, sensation]. Dulness of any sensation, especially that of touch. 2. Painfulness of any sensation not nor- mally painful. D. interna, amnesia. D. receptiva, pain or distress felt in the vertex or occiput, often with a feeling " as if the head were being opened and shut." Dysgenesis (^dis-jen^ -es-is) [^Sv^-fhsird; yfvetrtf, genera- tion]. In biology, the second of Broca's four degrees of fecundity — in the union of two species. Cf. Agene- sis, Paragenesis , Mugejiesis. Dysgeusia (dis-ju' -se-ah) [(5vf-, ill ; jevmc, taste]. Morbidity or perversion of the sense of taste. Dysgrammatism [dis-gram' -at-izm) \Svg-, difficult; -ypdfi/M, a letter]. Inability to make the proper use of words. It is a symptom of certain cerebral diseases. Dysgraphia {dis-grcif -e-aH) \&v(i-, difficult ; ■ypdij>siv, to write], i. Inability to write, as a result of a brain- lesion. 2. Imperfect configuration of an organ. Dyshidrosis {dis-hid-ro' -sis). See Dysidrosis. Dysidrosis (dis-id-ro' -sis) \_Svi;-, bad ; Wpaai;, sweat- ing]. Excessive activity of the sweat-glands, in asso- ciation with a retention of their secretion, probably due to some neurotic disorder. See Chiropompholyx, Pompholyx. Dyskinesia (dis-kin-e' -se-ah) \fivc,-, difficult ; Kimiati, movement]. Impairment of the power of voluntary motion. See Discinesia. Dyslalia (dis-la' -le-ah) [rfwc-, difficult ; J-aTrnv, to talk]. Impairment or difficulty of speaking, due to some non-central lesion (such as a defect of the vocal bands or of the palate). Dyslexia (dis-leks'-e-ah) [iJuf-, difficult ; Aefif , read- ing] . Morbid or aphasic difficulty or fatigue in read- ing. Dyslochia [dis-lo' -ke-ah) \Sv^-, bad ; Mxi-a, the lochia]. An abnormal condition of the lochial discharge. Dyslogia (dis-lo' -je.'ah) \&vq-, difficult; "kbyoq, speech]. Difficulty in speech, not so much with individual words as with the expression of ideas ; it is due to some central lesion. See also Alogia. Dyslysin {dis' -lis-in) [iSuf-, difficult ; Voeiv, to dissolve], Cj J-I^Oj. A resinous anhydrid of cholalic acid. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, and alkalies. It is a non-crystalline substance soluble in an excess of ether. Dysmenorrhea {dis-men-or-e' -ah) \Jivq , difficult ; p-ip, month; /itew, to flow]. Obstructed or difficult men- struation. D., Congestive, a form of painful men- struation in which often no lesion can be found, the pain being due to an intense congestion of the pelvic viscera. In other cases there exists some morbid con- dition that is aggravated by the menstrual congestion. D., Intermediate, pain occurring regularly each month, but not at the menstrual period. D., Me-, chanical. See D., Obstructive. D., Membranous, DYSMEROGENESIS 403 DYSSTASIA painful discharge of tlie menstrual decidua in one or more large pieces, instead of after undergoing disin- tegration. D. Mixture. See Guaiac Mixture, Fen- tier's. D., Neuralgic. S^e D., Spasmodic. Also, a term applied to Neurotic dysmenorrhea, q. v. D., Neurotic, a peculiar form of dysmenorrhea occurring in women of neurotic temperament and marked by neuralgic pains, not confined to the pelvis, but dis- tributed over the body. D., Obstructive, that due to mechanical obstruction to the free escape of the menstrual fluid. It is usually due to contraction of the cervical canal, associated with anteflexion of the uterus. D., Ovarian, that form in which the pain is apparently entirely in the ovaries. It is aching or burn- ing in character and referred to the ovarian center, a spot at the level of and about two inches internal to the anterior superior iliac spine. D., Spasmodic, that form of dysmenorrhea due to spasmodic uterine contraction. It is often associated with deficient uterine development. Dysmerogenesis (dis-mer-o-jen' -es-is) \Svq-, bad ; fii- pog, a part ; yewdv, to beget] . In biology, a variety of budding in which the various buds are very dis- similar. Dysmimia {dis-mim' -e-ak) [tSuf-, difficult; /u/ieladai, to mimic]. Aphasic difficulty in using signs or sym- bols in lieu of words. Dystnnesia [dis-mne' -ze-ah) [rfnf-, difficult ; /ivijaig, memory] . Impairment or defect of the memory. Dysmorphia (dis-mor'-fe-ah) [fof-, ill; /iopp^, form]. Deformity. Dysmyotonia (dis-mi-o-to' -ne-ah) \Svq , bad ; lai^, a muscle; riii'Of, tone], i. Atony of the muscles. 2. Excessive tonicity in muscles ; myotonia. Dysneuria (dis-nu' -re-ah) [fof-, bad; vevpov, nerve]. Nervous disorder or distress ; sense-impairment. Dysnusia (dis-nu' -ze-ak) [dijf-, bad ; vovg, mind]. Weakness or impairment of the mind. Dysodia [dis-o' -de-ah) \_dvtjiMa; Svq-, ill; iQeiv, to smell]. Fetor; stench; ill smell. Also a synonym of Rhinitis atrophica, q. v. Dysodontiasis (dis-o-don-ti' -as-is) [rfff-, bad ; bSov- riacig, dentition]. Difficult dentition. Dysodynia (dis-o-din' -e-ah) [(Jnf-, ill ; hSvvr], pain]. Ineffective labor-pains. Dysopia (dis-o' pe-ah) [dvnairla; tf-uf-, bad; 6^', eye]. Defective or painful vision. D. tenebrarum. Syn- onym of Hemeralopia. Dysorexia (dis-or-eks' -e-ak) [rfwf-, ill ; ope^iQ, appetite]. A depraved or unnatural appetite. "Dysosiaia. (dis-oz' -me-ah) [rfuf-, ill; oct^^, odor]. I. An unpleasant or fetid odor. 2. Loss or impairment of the sense of smell. Dysosphresia (dis-os-fre' -ze-ah) [6vq-, ill ; Safp^is, smell]. Impairment of the sense of smell. Dysostosis (dis-os-to'-sis) \_Svq-, ill; bareov, bone]. Defective formation of bone. Dyspaieunia (dis-par-oo' -ne-aK) [dva'rrdpevvog, ill- mated]. Painful or difficult performance of copula- tion from physical incompatibility. Dyspepsia [dis-pep'-se-ah) [dvi-, difficult ; neTrreiv, to digest]. Impaired or imperfect digestion. It may be acute, from some error in diet, or chronic, due to catarrh of the mucous coat of the stomach, the presence of abnormal ferments, or to other slowly-acting patho- logic conditions of the viscus. D., Atonic, a derange- ment of the stomach, with disorder of its functions, due to insufficient quantity or impaired quality of the gastric juice, or to deficient action of the gastric muscles. D., Colonic. See Enteritis, Membranous. D., Duode- nal. See Enteritis, Membranous. D., Follicular. Synonym of Enteritis, Membranous. D., Intestinal, due to defects in the pancreatic, biliary, or in- testinal secretions, or to deficient peristalsis. It is marked by borborygmi, flatulence, etc. D., Irrita- tive, the catarrhal form of imperfect gastric digestion. D., Nervous, that form characterized by sensations of distress and uneasiness during digestion, although the act is accomplished within the physiologic time- limit. It occurs most frequently in those of the neu- rotic constitution. D., Smokers'. See D., Tobacco. D., Tobacco, that due to excessive use of tobacco. Dyspepsodynia [dis-pep-so-din'-e-ah). Synonym of Gastralgia. Dyspepsy (dis-pep'-se). See Dyspepsia. Dyspeptic (dis-pep' -tik) [due-, difficult ; ttHtuv, to di- gest]. I. Relating to or affected with dyspepsia. 2. One who has dyspepsia. Dyspeptone (dis-pep' -ton) \_Svq-, difficult; TrenTEtv, to digest]. An insoluble and unassimilable product of the gastric digestion of proteids. See Metapeptone and Hemiprotein. Dysperistalsis (dis-per-is-tal' -sis) [iSff-, painful; Tztpi, around ; araXxn^, compression] . Violent peristaltic action of the intestine. Dyspermatism (dis-per'-mat-izm) \Svg-, difficult ; airep/ia, seed]. Difficulty of depositing the sperm within the vagina. Dyspermia (dis-perm' -e-aK). See Dysspermia. Dysphagia (dis-fa'-je-ah) [rfcf-, ill; ^ayeiv, to eat]. Difficulty in swallowing, or inability to swallow. D., Convulsive. Synonym of Esophagismus. D. glo- bosa, globus hystericus. D. hysterica. SjTionym of Globus hystericus. D. spastica, dysphagia due to hysteric spasm of the esophagus or pharynx. Dysphasia (dis-fa' -ze-ah) \6v^-, ill; i> hedgehog; f>vyx°St beak]. A worm parasitic within certain ani- mals and occasionally found in man. E. gigas is the best-known species. E. hominis is smaller, and is perhaps an immature form of the other. See Para- sites (Animal^, Table of. Echinulate {e-kin'-u-ldt) \echinulus , dim. of echinus, a hedgehog]. In biology, beset with prickles of small size. Bchitamin (e-kit'-am-in), CjjHjgNjO^. An amorphous alkaloid of Dita, with a paralyzing power comparable to that of curare. It is also called Ditain. Echitenin ,{e-kit' -en-in) , QqHjjNO^. An amorphous, brown alkaloid of Dita, soluble in alcohol and water. Echlorophyllose (e-klo-ro-fiV -os'] \t, priv.; x^P^ij yellowish-green; i^XKov, a leaf]. In biology, desti- tute of chlorophyl. Echma {ek'-mah) l_lx/J-a, a stoppage: //. , Echmata'\. A stoppage or obstruction. Echmasis (ek'-mas-is) [ixi^-aZetv, to hinder : pi. , Ech- mases'\. An obstruction or an obstructive disease. Echmatic (ek-mat'-ik) [kxiJ-&(,eiv, to hinder]. Due to or marked by an echmasis or an echma. Echo (ek'-o) \iix^t ^ sound]. A reverberated sound. E.-sign, a symptom of epilepsy and other brain- conditions in which there is a repetition of the closing word or words of a sentence. It is regarded as the result of perverted will, or impaired or defective inhi- bition. E. -speech, a peculiar method of utterance in one type of hypnotism. Echokinesia, Echokinesis (ek-o-kin-e' -ze-ah, or -e'-sis) [i5;i;(i, echo ; /cii^cif, motion] . Imitative unwilled ac- tion, like that observed in palmus or latah. See Pal- mus and Habit-spasm. Echolalia [ek-o-la' -le-ah) [vx^, echo ; 2,altd, talk]. An aphasic symptom consisting in a repetition of words spoken to the patient by others. Echometer {ek-om' -el-er) [^;i;'i; sound ; /i^T/aoi', a meas- ure]. A stethoscope. Echopathy (^i-o/'-a//^-^) [^;|;iO, echo ; TraSo?, disease]. Any automatic and purposeless repetition of a word or sound heard or of an act seen. Echophotony {ek-o-fof -o-ne) \rix^, echo ; ^uf , light ; rdvof, tone]. The production of the sensation of color by the stimulus of aerial waves, or sound. See Phon- ism, Photism. Echophrasia {ek-o-fra'-ze-ah) [^vx^t ^'^^° > pP<^<"f > speech]. Same as Echolalia. Echos (e'-kos) {fixoi, sound]. Any subjective sensa- tion, as of a sound that has no objective cause. Echoscope [ek'-o-skop) {jix^, sound ; ckotveIv, to ex- amine]. A stethoscope. Echuja {ek'-u-jah). An apocynaceous plant, Adenium bahmianum, of Africa. It is extremely poisonous. Echujin, Echugin (ek'-u-jin). A poisonous glucosid from the plant called Echuja ; it has much the same effects as strophanthin. Eciomania (ek-e-o-ma' -ne-aK). See Oikiomania. Ecker's Angle. See Angle. E. Fissure. See Fis- sure. Eclampsia [ek-lamp'-se-ah) [eKMfj.'rreiv, to shine or burst forth ; from the suddenness of the attack], i. A sensation as of a light flashing before the eyes. [Obsolete]. 2. Any epileptiform seizure, espe- pecially one in which consciousness is not lost. 3. Puerperal convulsion. A convulsive or epileptiform seizure suddenly coming on in a woman prior to or during labor, or in the puerperal state. The convul- sions are first tonic and then clonic, and finally affect the involuntary muscles as well as the voluntary ; consciousness is lost, and the attack is followed by coma or sleep. The etiology is obscure, the attack generally repeated, the prognosis grave. The term eclampsia is also used as a general designation for convulsions, and besides the puerperal form described there are the infantile and uremic types. See Convul- sions. E. nutans, the nodding spasm or salaam con- vulsion al young children. In this affection the head and upper part of the body are bowed forward several times in succession. The attacks tend to occur in paroxysms, during which the child suffers temporarily from disordered consciousness. Eclatnpsic (ek-lamp' -siky See Eclamptic. Eclamptic (ek-lariip' -tik\ \iiOM,fmei.v , to shine or burst forth]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, eclampsia. Eclectic (ek-lek' -tili) \iKktK.Ti«.6ai^, selection]. Pertain- ing to a choosing or selection. Applied by a certain school of physicians to themselves, to denote their principle or plan of selecting or choosing that which is good from all other schools. Eclecticism (ek-lek' -tis-izm) [kKkeKTiKAai^, selection]. The doctrine and practice of the Eclectics. Eclegm {ek'-lem) [luTi^cyfia, an electuary]. An elect- uary. Eclegma, or Ecleigma (ek-leg^-mah, ek-lig'-mah) [kK, out; ^lx£ev, \.o lick: pi., Eclegmatd\. An elec- tuary. Kclimia {ek-lim' -e-aK) \kiO\,L}iia'\. Same as Bulimia. Eclipsis [ek-lip'-sis] [iKktiTfiLQ, a dying out] . A sudden failure ; trance ; catalepsy ; a sudden and transient loss or impairment of consciousness. Eclysis [ek'-lis-is) [e/c)l«(Wf, a release, a loosening]. Any loosening, as of the bowels. Also a slight amount of, or merely a tendency to, syncope. It is present in anemia of the brain. Ecmnesia (ek-mne'-ze-ah) [ck, out; fivijai^, memory]. The dropping out of the memory of the events of a certain portion of time. Ecnea (ek-ne'-ah") [e/c, out ; fotif, mind]. Insanity. Ecoid {e'-koid) [oj/cof, house]. A blood-shadow ; the colorless stroma or framework of red corpuscles of the blood that have been deprived of their hemoglobin ; a shadow-corpuscle. Economy [e-kon' -o-nie) [ol/cof , house ; v6fio^, sl law] . A general name for the human being considered as a whole. Ecorticate (e-kor'-tik-dt) [e, priv. ; cortex, bark]. In biology, destitute of a cortical layer. Ecouvillon [a-koo-ve' -yon^gY) [Fr. ] . See Ecouvillonage . Ecouvillonage [a-koo-ve-yon-ahzh') [Fr.]. The opera- tion of cleansing, and carrying medicinal agents to, the inside of the uterus by means of a brush. Ecphlysis {ek' -Jiis-is) [cK^AifEiv, burst out : pl.,Ecphly- ses\ Any vesicular eruption. Ecphractic [ek-/rak' -tik) [kmppaKTiKd^, clearing ob- struction]. I. Removing obstructions. 2. An ec- phractic medicine, Ecphronia (ek-fro' -ne-aK) {in, out of; ^piiv, mind]. Insanity. Ecphyadectomy (ek-fi-ad-ek' -to-me) [c/nfiiaf, appen- dage ; inTOfiii, excision]. Excision of the vermiform appendix. Ecphyaditis [ek-Ji-ad-i' -tis) [e/c^dnf , appendage ; iti.(, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vermiform ap- pendix ; appendicitis. This term has also been used to include typhlitis, perityphlitis, etc. Kc'phya.s (ek'-Ji-as) [e/c^iaf, an offshoot]. The vermi- form appendix. Ecphyma (ek-fi'-mah) [f/t, out ; ifihsaflai, to grow : pi., Ecphymata\ An excrescence on the skin. ECPHYSESIS 408 ECTOPAGUS Kcphysesis [ek-fiz-e' -sis) [m, out; (jivaaveiv, to blow]. Rapid breathing. Ecphysis (ek'-fis-is) [e/c, out ; ^icrif, growth]. In biology, applied by Bate to the branch of any particu- lar crustacean limb ; as coxecphysis, a branch spring- ing from the coxa ; basecphysis, a branch springing from the base. Ecptoma (ek-to' -iiiaH) [ek, out ; ■kItctuv, to fall : pi. , Ecptomata\. Any falling of a part or organ. Kcpyesis (ek-pi-e'-sis) [ek, out ; wvelv, to suppurate : pi. , Ekpyeses'\. I. Any suppuration or abscess. 2. Any pustular skin-disease. Ecpyetic (ek-pi-ef -i/i) [ek, out; Tivtlv, to suppurate]. , Promoting suppuration. £crasenient [a-kraAz'-mon{g)) [Fr.]. Surgical removal ^ of a part or growth by means of the icraseur. Kcraseur {a-krah-zer') [Fr.]. An instrument used in the amputation of parts, and consisting of a chain or wire-loop, tightened by a screw, whereby the tissue is slowly crushed apart rather than cut, thus rendering the operation easier and bloodless. Ecrodactylia {ek-ro-dak-tW -e-aK) [^iapoog, escape ; daKTvhig, digit]. Same as Ainhum. Kcstaltic {ek-stal' -ilk) [ek, out; ariXkuv, to send]. Sent out from a nerve-center ; applied specially to nerve-impulses originating from the spinal cord. Ecstasy (eks'-ta-se) \lKaTaaiq, a trance]. A derange- ment of the nervous system characterized by an exalted visionary state, absence of volition, insensibil- ity to surroundings, a radiant expression, and immo- bility in statuesque positions. It is also called Carus- extasis and Catalepsia spuria. £cstrophy [ek' -slro-fe) [e/c, out; aTpe(, condyle]. An external condyle. Ectocornea (ek-to-kor' -ne-ah ) [E/cnSf, out ; corneus, homy]. The corneal conjunctiva. Ectocyst (ek'-to-sisi) [tis.T6g, out; Kvarig, a cyst]. The thick, laminated, translucent, and highly elastic mem- brane of an hydatid cyst. It is lined by a thin cel- lular membrane called the endocyst. The outer layer of the cenecium (or common dermal system) of a col- ony of Polyzoa. Ectoderm (ek' -to-derm) [sKTiif, outside ; dip/m, skin]. In biology, the primitive outer wall of the body ; the animal germinal layer ; the term was first applied to the outer of the two membranes of a hydroid zoophyte. See Blastoderm. Ectoentai (ek-to-en' -tad) [E/CTiif, without ; wriif, with- in; ad, to^. From without inward. Ectogastrocnemius (ek-to-gas-trok-ne' -nie-us) [EKTiif, without ; ya(STpoKvr]jiia, the calf of the leg] . The gastrocnemius externus muscle. See Muscles, Table of, Ectogenous (ek-tof -en-us) [E/criif, out; yenrvav, to pro- duce]. Developed outside the body (said of cer- tain pathogenic bacteria and of enthetic poisons) . Ectogluteus (ek-to-glu-te'-us) [£KT(5f, without; yXowiic, the rump]. The external gluteus muscle. See il/w- cles, Table of. 'EzloieciWiaX (ek-to-les' -ith-al) [s/crdf, outside ; MiuOoi, yolk]. In embryology, applied to such eggs as have the formation-yolk enclosed in a superficial layer of food-yolk. Ectomere (ek'-to-mlr) [f/criif , out ; fiipog, a share]. Any one of the cells of the ovum that are destined to take part in forming the ectoderm. Ectopagia (ek-to-pa' -je-ah ) [eicTcif , out ; Trnyof , a fix- ture]. The condition of being ectopagous; an ecto- pagous monstrosity. Ectopagous (ek-top' -ag-us) \zkt6i;, out; 7r(i)'of, a fix- ture]. Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectopagus. Ectopagus (ek-top' -ag-us) [E/crdf, out; Troyof, a fix- ture] . A monomphalic twin monstrosity united later- ally the full extent of the thorax. ECTOPARASITE Ectoparasite (ek-to-par'-as-U) [c/criif, outside; izapd.- aiToc, a parasite]. In biology, a parasite that lives on the exterior of its host. Ectoparasitic {ek-to-par-as-if -ik) [exriic, out; wapi.- mTO(, a parasite]. Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectoparasite. Ectopatagium {ek-to-pat-aj'-e-um) {kariQ, outside; varaytum, the border of a garment]. In biology, that part of the wing-membrane or patagium of a bat which is limited to the manus ; it is also called dacty- lopatagium. Ectophyte {ek'-to-fit) [exriif , out ; i^vt6v, a plant]. An external parasitic plant-growth. Ectophytic {ek-to-fif -ik) \i.KTti^, out ; ^vr/m, a plant]. Of the nature of or pertaining to an ectophyte. Ectopia [ek-to' -pe-afi) [e/croTrof, displaced]. An ab- norma)lity of position. E. cordis. See Ectocardia. E. lentis, dislocation or congenital malposition of the crystalline lens. E. oculi, abnormal position of the eyeball in the orbit. E. testis, abnormal position of the testicle. E. vesicae, protrusion of the bladder through the wall of the abdomen. Ectopic {ek-top'-ik) [iKTOirog, displaced]. Pertaining to ectopia; displaced. See also 7>rafe-«. E. Ges- tation. See Gestation. Ectoplasm (ek' -to-plazm) \i.KT6q, without ; i^lMaisuv, to form]. In biology, the outer, hyaline, more com- pact layer of protoplasm in a cell or unicellular or- ganism, as distinguished from the granular endoplasm. Ectopy {ek'-to-pe). Same as Eaopia. 'EctoTeiina (ei-to-ret'-in-aA) [cKr(if, out; retina, retinii]. The external and pigmentary layer of the retina. Ectosarc {ek'-to-sark) [e/criif, outside; ffapf, flesh]. In biology, same as Ectoplasm, q. v. Ectoskeletoh (ek-to-skel' -et-un) . Same as Exoskeleion. Ectosome (ek' -to-soni) [EicriSf, outside; aa/ia, body]. In biology, applied to the outer region of a sponge, which forms the covering of the choanosome, or mid- dle region, with its flagellated chambers. Ectosporous (ek-to-spo'-rus) [e/criif, outside ; ajrdpo;, seed]. See Exosporous. ' Ectosteal (ek-tos' -te-al) [e«:Ti5f, out ; bcreov, a. bone]. Relating to, situated or occurring outside of, a bone. Ectostosis {ek-tos-to' -sis) [£/cri5c, out ; bdTiov, a bone]. The growth of bone from without ; ossification that begins at the perichondrium, or future periosteum. Ectotheca (ek-toth'-ek-ah) [e/criif, outside ; 6^ia], case] . In biology, applied to the capsule of such compound gonophores as those of Laomedea ; also to such the- cse or asci as are exposed, e. g. those of discomycetous fungi and gymnocarpous lichens. Ectoxemia (ek-toks-e' -me-aK) [e/c, out ; to^ik6v, poison ; aXfia, blood]. Toxemia not originating within the organism ; blood-poisoning from some cause not ex- isting within the organism. Ectozoon {ek-to-zo' -on) [e/criif , out ; fuov, an animal : pi., Ectozoa\. An external animal parasite ; an ecto- parasite. Ectrodactylia, Ectrodactylism {ek-tro-dak-til' -e-ah , ek-tro-dak' -til-izm) \i\n-pi^iia, abortion ; 6aicTvXo(, finger]. Congenital absence of any of the fingers or toes. Ectrogenic (ek-tro-jen' -ik) [licrpafia, abortion ; yevvav, to produce]. Due to some loss of tissue, as from traumatism or surgical operation. See also Teratism. Ectrogeny {ek-trof -en-e) [iKTpuim, abortion ; yevvav, to produce] . Loss or absence of any part or organ. Ectroma (ek-tro' -mah) [EKrpu/ja, abortion: //., Ectro- mata'\. An aborted ovum or fetus. ^ctTomehis (ei-trom^-el-us) [efcrpwcTif, abortion; /ieloc, limb]. A single autositic monster characterized by the presence of aborted or imperfectly-formed limbs. Ectropion. 409 ECZEMA Examples of this anomaly show every degree of arrested development, from entire absence of the limb to simple shortening. Ectropion (ek-tro' -pe-on) [e/c, out; rpinecv, to turn]. An everted eye- lid; abnormal eversion of an eyelid; also, an everted state of j the cervical por- ' tionof the endo- metrium. E., Cicatricialgdue to destruction of part of the skin of the lid, with cicatricial con- traction. E. luxurians, an old name for ec- • tropion, with a proud-flesh appearance of the conjunc- tiva. E., Paralytic, that due to paralysis of the orbicularis palpebrarum. E., Sarcomatous. See E. luxurians. E., Senile, found only in the lower lid, due to relaxation of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. E., Spastic, due to spastic contraction of the fibers of the orbicular muscle lying near the mar- gin of the orbit. Ectroplum (ek-tro' -pe-um). Same as Ectropion. Ectrosis (ek-tro' -sis) [fKTpcjffif, abortion]. An abor- tion, or the production of an abortion. Ectrotic (ek-troi'-ik) [ek, out; TiTpiiaicsiv, to wound]. Tending to cut short ; abortive ; abortifacient. Ectylotic (ek-til-ot'-ik) [e/c, away; ri/lof, callus]. Tending to remove warts or indurations. Eczema (ek'-ze-mah) [inl^iuv, to boil over]. Tetter; Moist Tetter; an acute or chronic, non-contagious, catarrhal inflammatory disease of the skin, character- ized by multiformity of lesion, and the presence, in varying degrees, of itching, infiltration, and discharge. The skin is reddened, the redness shading off insen- sibly into the surrounding unaffected skin. When well-marked, the skin is fissured, with crusting, leathery infiltration, and scaling. Eczema occurs in skins that are particularly susceptible to the action of external irritants. E. ani — of the anus — a trouble- some variety common in children ; it may simulate condylomata. E. articulorum, eczema of the flexor surfaces of the joints. E. aurium, a common, troublesome, pustular form affecting the ears. E. barbae, a form resembling sycosis, but more superfi- cial. It attacks the bearded portion of the face, but may spread. E. capitis, a variety confined to the head. It is usually seen in children ; is diffvise, pustular, im- petiginous, not itchy, and may be associated with pediculi and seborrhea. E. circumscriptum para- siticum, a name given by Crocker to a form of erup- tion that looks like a dry eczema, but has a border more sharply defined than is usual in E. squamosum. It occurs chiefly on the legs below the knee, and is constituted of minute papules aggregated into a uni- form moderately red, scaly patch, with sharply defined borders. It is a chronic disease, and is probably par- asitic in origin. E. crurum, a form occurring in old people as a result of varicosity of the veins of the leg, and not associated with eczema elsewhere. The skin is much infiltrated, red, scaly, with indolent ulcers. E. crustosum, eczema with the formation of thin and pale-yellowish crusts. If these crusts are thick and dark in color from capillary bleeding the condition is termed E. impetiginosum. This latter form occurs frequently on the scalp and face of strumous children. ECZEMA 410 EDEMA E., Diabetic, from the irritation of diabetic urine. E., Epidemic. See Dermatitis, Epidetnic Exfolia- tive. E. epizootica, a disease of domesticated animals due to a microorganism, attended with a characteristic eczematous lesion of the skin and a catarrhal condition of the respiratory tract. It is also called Foot-and- Mouth Disease. See Streptocytus of Sckottelius under Bacteria, Synonymatic, Table of. E. eiythetnatosum, the mildest form of eczema, in which the skin is reddened, slightly swollen, infiltrated, and tense, from active congestion ; the color of the patches is more vivid, and their edges are less well defined, than in true erythema. It is seen in its most typical form on the face. E. faciei, an acute or chronic form affecting the face ; it resem- bles erysipelas, but is attended with no rise of tem- perature. E. fissum, E. rimosum; a form affecting the hands and skin over the articulations, and characterized by the formation of deep, painful cracks or fissures. E. folliculare, a form confined largely to the neigh- borhood of the hair-follicles, where irritable, acumin- ate papules may persist for prolonged periods. E. genitalium, an acute form common in men \ it is at- tended with great swelling and edema, with excoriation. E. hypertrophicum, E. verrucosum; a form charac- terized by permanent hypertrophy of the papillse of the skin, giving rise to general or limited warty outgrowths. This variety results from a tendency to passive con- gestion. See Granuloma fungoides. E. impeti- ginodes. See E. pustulosum. E. impetiginosum. See.£. crustosum. E., Infantile, a form commenc- ing usually within six months of birth, and making its appearance first upon the head or face. E. inter- trigo, a form of E. erythematosum occurring in the groins, on the inner surfaces of the nates, below the mammse, etc. Itis due to uncleanliness. See Ery- thema intertrigo. E. labiorum, a very obstinate variety affecting the lips, and associated with pain- ful fissures. E. madidans, E. rubrum ; weeping eczema ; large, raw, weeping surfaces studded with red points. It follows E. vesiculosum. E. mammse, a variety common in nursing primiparas ; it is at first vesicular, then squamous, with painful fissures and much crusting. It is very obstinate. E. manuum, a common form implicating the whole of both hands. The acute variety is most marked along the edges of the fingers, where deep-seated vesicles abound ; the chronic form chiefly involves the palms and knuckles. E. marginatum, Hebra's term for the most severe form of ringworm of the body. Its seats are the groins, axilte, fork, and occasion- ally the popliteal spaces. Its lesion is marked by a well-defined, festooned, raised margin. E. meatus, eczema of the external auditory passage. E. mer- curiale, that form due to the irritation produced by mercury. E. narium, a form affecting the nos- trils. E. palmare, or E. palmarum, confined to the palm of the hand. It is also called Psoriasis palma. E. palpebrarum, Tinea tarsi; an obsti- nate form affecting the eyebrows ; it is common in scrofulous children. E. papillomatosum. Same as E. verrucosum. E. papulosum, Lichen simplex ; a form associated with the formation of minute intensely-itching papules of a deep-red color and firm consistence, arranged in irregularly-shaped groups. They are about the size of a pin's head, acumi- nate, of a bright-red color. Vesicles may form on their summits {^Lichen agrius). When they are grouped in oval or roundish patches, a form not uncommon on the external aspect of the forearm and hands and on the calves, it is Lichen circumscriplus. E. pedum, eczema of the feet. E. plantarum, con- fined to the sole of the foot. E. pustulosum, E. impetiginodes ; the stage of eczema in which the vesicles develop into pustules that are usually of larger size than the preceding vesicles. This is most com- mon in strumous children. E. rimosum. See E. fissum. E. rubrum. See E. madidans. E. sclero- sum, a chronic form of eczema in which there is induration and thickening of the tissues. E., Sebor- rheic. See Dermatitis, Seborrheic. E. seborrhoei- cum. Synonym of Seborrhea. E. sblare, that form due to irritation from the rays of the sun. E. spargo- siforme, a variety of E. sclerosum in which the thickening is so very great that a condition indistin- guishable from Elephantiasis arabum is produced. E. squamosum, a. form in which the surfaces of ill- defined irregular patches are covered with more or less adherent scales of shed epithelium. This is often seen on the neck and limbs. E. sulphure, that form due to the irritation produced by sulphur. E. tarsi, a form affecting the edges of the eyelids. E. tuberosum. Synonym of Granuloma fungoides. E. umbilici, a tractable form resembling syphilitic disease of the same part. E. unguium, involvement of the nails in chronic E. manuum. The nails are rough, dull, brittle, and punctate. E. unisquamosum, a rare form having its seat at the root of the nose between the eyebrows. The secretion takes the form of a single epidermic lamella that covers the whole of the affected surface. E. verrucosum. See E. hypertrophi- cum. E. vesiculosum, a stage of vesicular forma- tion in the course of eczema. It is the most common form of the disease. It is best seen on the flexor aspect of the limbs, between the fingers, back of the ears, etc. The vesicles, minute at first and closely aggregated, coalesce and rupture, exuding a clear plasmic fluid that stains and stiffens linen. The burn- ing and itching are worse at night, and the excoriated surfaces continue to weep for a few days, when they gradually heal by crusting. E., Weeping. See E. madidans. Eczematoid {ek-zem'-at-oid^ \iK^iuv, to boil over]. Resembling an eczema. Eczematosis [ek-zem-at-o^ -sis) \kKZ,kuv, to boil over: pi., Eczematoses']. Any eczematous skin-disease. Eczematous [ek-zem' -at-us) [iid^hw, to boil over] . Of the nature of or affected with eczema. Eczemogenous [ek-zem.-oV -en-us) \EK.^kuv, to boil over ; yewav, to produce]. Giving rise to eczema. Edeagra {e-de-a' -grah) [alSdla, the genitals; aypa, a seizure] . Pain or gout in the genitalia. Edeatrophia {e-de-at-ro' -fe-ah) \al8ola, genitals ; arpo^la, a wasting]. Atrophy or wasting of the genital organs. Edeauxe (e-de-a^vks' -e)[a'i,Sola, genitals; aife, increase]. Swelling or hypertrophy of the genitals. Edebohl's Position or Posture . See Postures, Table of. Edeitis (e-de-i' -tis') \aX&ola, genitals ; inq, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the genital organs. Edema [e-de'-mah) [vlSriiia: oWeew, to swell]. Swel- ling, especially such as is due to the effusion of serous fluid into areolar tissues. See Anasarca. E., Acute Circumscribed. See E., Angio-neurotic and Urti- caria csdematosa. E., Acute Idiopathic. See^., Angio-neurotic. E., Acute Non-inflammatory, See E. , Angio-neurotic. E., Angio-neurotic, Giant urticaria ; a vaso-motor disorder, characterized by the abrupt occurrence of edematous swelling of variable extent, sometimes accompanied by gastro-intestinal crises. There may be a marked hereditary feature in the disease. Death may result from edema of the larynx. E., Brown, the brownish fluid that flows from the cut surface of a lung in the state of brown induration. E., Filtration, a peculiar sort of edema EDEMATOUS 411 EGERTIC of the conjunctiva observed after operations or injuries that have produced a perforation in the most anterior sections of the sclera. It is due to the oozing of the aqueous humor between the lips of the wound and under the conjunctiva. E., Intermittent. See £., Angio-neurotic. E., Malarial. See E., Angio-neu- rotic. E., Malignant, the term applied by Koch to a parasitic form of gangrenous inflammation that occurs at times after serious bone-injuries, etc. It is charac- terized by the rapid spread, the septic character of the inflammatory product, and the speedy destruction of the tissue involved, with the formation of gas. It is also called Gangrenous emphysema. E., Menstrual. See E., Angio-neurotic. E. neonatorum, a disease resembling somewhat sclerema neonatorum, the skin, however, being less generally involved and less edema- tous, filled with a serous fluid, and assuming a livid or purplish, rather than a whitish tint, as in sclerema. The disease begins before the third day of life, with drow- siness, and then the edema appears in the extremities, especially the legs, gradually spreading upward. E. , Solid, a form of edema in which puncture gives exit not to serum, but to a sanious, stringy, lymphoid material. Edematous {e-dem/ -at-us) \ol&riaa, edema]. Marked by edema ; swollen ; puffy. Edentate (e-den'-tai) \e, priv. ; dens, a tooth]. In bio- logy, toothless, as an entire leaf, or a member of the Edentata among mammals. Edentation {e-den-ta' -shun) \_e, without ; dens, a tooth]. A deprivation of teeth. Edentulous (e-den' -tu-lus) [e, without; rf««j, atooth]. Without teeth (applied to one who has lost his teeth). See Caries of the Teeth. Edeocephalus (e-de^o-sef -al-tis) [a'lSdla, genitals ; from the resemblance of the proboscis to a penis ; Ke^aXfj, head]. A variety of single autositic monsters of the species otocephalus, in which there is synopsia, ab- sence of the mouth, very rudimentary jaws, and the presence of a proboscis. Edeodynia le-de-o-din'-e-ah) [aMoja, genitalia; bSi>v]j, pain]. Any pain in the reproductive organs. Edeogargalismus (e-de-o-gar-gal-iz' -mus) [alSola, gen- itals ; yapya?,uJii6g, a tickling]. Masturbation. Edeography (e-de-og' -ra-fe) \ai,&ola, the genitals; ypiu^uv, to write]. A description of the genitalia. Edeology [e-de-ol' -o-je)[aX6ola, genitals ; Uyo(, science]. A treatise or monograph on the organs of genera- tion. Edeomania {e-de-o-ma' -ne-afi) \aiSola, genitals ; jiavia, madness]. Nymphomania; satyriasis. Edeomycodermitis [e-de-o-mi-io-der-mi' -tis) \a.lSoia, genitals ; fiijuog, mucus : Sipiia, skin ; iriQ, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of any of the genital organs. Edeopsophy (e-de-op' -so-fe) [aldola, genitals; fofelv, to utter a noise]. The emission of sounds from the genital organs (as from the bladder or vagina). Edeopsy (e^-de-op-se). Same as Edeoscopy. Edeoptosis {e-de-op-to'-sis) [aUdia, genitals ; ■KTuai^, a fall]. Prolapse of some portion of the genital ap- paratus. Edeoscopy (e-de-os' -ko-pe)\a'i.Sdla, the genitals ; ammelv, to inspect]. An inspection or professional examination of the genital organs. Edeotomy (e-de-of -o-me) [alSola, genitals ; T6iiri_, a cut- ting]. The anatomy or dissection of the genital or- gans. Edgeweed {ef-wld). A composite-flowered plant, Sericocarpus tortifolius, of the Southern U. S. It is used as a remedy for colic in horses. Unof. Edible (ed'-ib-l) [edibilis, eatable]. A qualification applied to food, the condition of which is good and wholesome. Edison-Lalande Cell. See Cell. Edriopthalmous [ed-re-off-thal'-mus) [iSpLov, dim. of iSpa, a seat; b^6a^./i6g, eye]. In biology, having fixed, sessile eyes, not borne on a movable stalk. Educt {e'-dukt) [if, out; ducere,\.o draw]. A com- pound that exists in any substance and is extracted from it by a chemic or pharmaceutic process ; opposed to product, which designates a body that is produced by a process similar to that used in its extraction. Edulcorant [e-dul'-kor-ant) [^, out; dulcorare, to sweeten]. Sweetening; corrective of acidity or of acrimony. Edulcoration {e-dul-kor-a' -shuri) [edulcare, to sweet- en]. In chemistry, the act or process of sweetening ; the removal of soluble or saline matters by washing. Effeminacy {ef-em'-in-as-e). See Feminism. Effemination {ef-em-in-a'-shun) \effeminare, to make womanish]. The state of being effeminate. Effera Uf'-er-ah) [efferus, fierce, wild]. Sauvage's name for a certain genus of exanthematous diseases. Efferent {ef'-er-ent) [efferens, carrying from]. Of nerves, conveying impulses from the central nervous system to some tissue ; motor ; secretory. Of blood- vessels, conveying blood from the tissues toward the heart, veins, or from the gills. Of lymphatics, the vessels leaving or conveying lymph from the lymphatic glands. Compare Afferent. Effervescent {ef-er-ves' -ent) \effervescere, to boil up]. Susceptible of being made to effervesce, or to dissolve with foaming and with the escape of a gas, such as carbon dioxid. Effervescing (ef-er-ves' -ing) [effervescere, to boil up]. Boiling up; foaming. E. Powders. See Seidlitz Powders. Kffie\iTa.ge {e/^ur-azh') [Fr.]. In massage, centripe- tal strokings,?.^., toward the body or heart. These may be made with the palm of one hand, the palms of both hands, the thumb, or the tips of the fingers. Effleur- age increases the circulation in the venous blood- vessels and the lymphatics, thereby causing absorp- tion. Efflorescence (ef-lor-es' -enz) [efflorescere, to bloom]. I. The flowering of plants. 2. The formation of minute crystals on the surface of certain crystalline bodies, due to the loss of a part or the whole of their water of crystallization. 3. The breaking-out or characteristic eruption of an exanthematous disease. Effluent (ef-lu'-ent) \effluere, to flow out]. An out- flow. The fluid discharged from works for the treat- ment of sewage. Effluvia (ef-lu' -ve-ah) [L.]. 7hiTa\ oi Effluvium, q.v. E., Telluric, emanations arising from the earth. Effluvium (ef-lu' -ve-um) \effluere, to flow out : pi. , Effluvia^ Any subtle emanation from a substance or person, especially one that is offensively odoriferous. Efflux {ef'-fluks), or Effluxion [ef-ffuk' -shun) {effluxio; effluxus, an outflow]. I. An outflow; that which flows out. 2. Abortion, or the escape of the embryo from the womb during a very early stage of preg- nancy. Effracture (ef-frak' -chur)\ex , out ; /rarfara, a fracture]. Fracture of the cranium, with depression of one or more fragments. Effusion (ef-u'-zhun) [effundere, to pour out]. A pouring-out. The abormal secretion or transfer of a liquid from its natural organ or place; effused material. Effusive [efu'-siv) [effundere, to pour out]. Attended with or of the nature of an effusion . Egertic [e-jer'-tik) [iyepTM6Q, wakening]. Causing wakefulness. EGEST 412 ELASTOSE Kgest {e-jest') [egerere, to discharge]. To void, as ex- crement ; to defecate. Egesta (e-jes'-taK) [pi. a{ egestum, fecal matter]. The discharges of the bowels or other emunctory organs. Egestion (e-jes'-chuti) [egesHo, that which is voided]. Defecation ; the expulsion of excrements or excre- tion. Egg (eg) [ME., egge, an egg]. See Ovule. E.-albu- min, a native albumin, or proteid constituent of the human body, of which the unboiled white of egg is the type. It is distinguished from serum-albumin by its precipitation when shaken with ether, and by its appearance unchanged in the urine when injected under the skin or into the intestine. E. -apparatus ; in biology, the oosphere and the two companion -cells (called the synergidse) in the upper end of the embryo- sac, are termed the egg-apparatus. 'E.-'C^^Xs, primordial ova; large, spheroidal, granular cells embedded at in- tervals in the layer of the germ-epithelium of the ovary. They eventually become the ovules of the Graafian follicle. B. -cords, dippings inward into the ovarian substance of the specialized columnar epi- thelium covering the ovary ; these prolongations carry highly-specialized cells, each of which develops -into an immature Graafian follicle containing an immature ovum. E.-nog; a. nutritious preparation made by adding the beaten yolk of egg and a little spirit to a tumblerful of milk, stirring well, adding sugar and the white of the egg separately beaten. E.-shell Crackling, a peculiar crackling produced by pressure upon a soft tumor springing from the medulla or can- cellated tissue of a long bone, and surrounded by a thin bony capsule. E.-tube. See Oviduct. E.- water, a nutritious food for infants having summer diarrhea. It consists of the white of a fresh egg, a pint of cold water (previously boiled), a teaspoonful of brandy, and a small pinch of salt. Egilops. (e'-jil-ops) \m,^, a goat; di/), eye]. Abscess, with perforation, at the inner canthus of the eye, supposed to be a result of lachrymal fistula. See Anchylops. Eglandular (e-glan' -du-lar) \e, priv. ; glandula, a gland]. In biology, destitute of glands. Eglandulose (e-glan' -du-los) \e, priv. ; glandula, a gland] . Same as Eglandular. Egobronchophony [e-go-brong-koff'-o-ne) [aif , a goat ; ^pdyxog, a bronchus; 0cjv^, a voice]. A combina- tion of egophony and bronchophony. Egophony [e-goff'-o-ne) \aX^, a wild goat ; ^uv^, the voice]. In auscultation, a term meaning a modifica- tion of bronchophony, in which the voice has a bleating character like that of a kid. It is heard in pleurisy with slight effusion, usually near the inferior angle of the scapula. Egregorsis (eg-re-gor' -sis) [iyptiyopai^ ; eyeipeiv, to wake]. Morbid wakefulness ; insomnia. Egyptian ie-jip' -shun) [aiyiiTTTJof, Egyptian]. Per- taining to Egypt. E. Blue. See Pigments, Conspec- tus of. E. Chlorosis. See Anchylostomiasis. E. Ophthalmia. See Ophthalmia, Purulent. E. Ul- cers. See yEgyptia Ulcera. Ehrenritter's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of. Ehrlich's Anilin-water Solution. See Stains, Table of. E. Method, the use of a saturated solution of anilin in water, as a mordant for better fixing the anilin dyes used in staining bacteria. E. Test. See Tests, Table of . E.-Biondi's Fluid. See Biondi' s Fluid. Eichhorst's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles. Eichstedt's Disease. Synonym of Tinea versicolor, q. v.; see also Diseases, Table of. Eidatn Cheese {i'-dani). See Cheese. Eidoptometry {i-dop-tom' -et-re) [elrfof , appearance ; 07TTh(, seen ; fiirpov, measure]. The estimation of the acuity of vision. Eilema {i-le'-mah) [^dXtiiia; etluv, to twist: pi., Eile- mata']. A pain or colic of the bowels; volvulus; tormina. Eiloid {i'-loid) [AXew, to coil; eMof, form]. Having a coiled texture resembling the coils of an intestine ; applied to certain skin-tumors. Einbrodt's Test. See Tests, Table of. Einhorn's Method. I. A method of ascertaining the condition of the gastric secretion. An apparatus termed a stomach-bucket, consisting of a small oval silver vessel, l^ cm. long and ^ cm. wide, is at- tached to a silk thread, in which at a distance of 40 cm. from the bucket a knot is made. The patient swallows the bucket, and when the knot enters the mouth the operator knows that the bucket is in the stomach. It is withdrawn after remaining there five minutes, and its contents are tested. Resistance to its removal may be overcome by having the patient ex- pire deeply or swallow once. 2. See Gastrodiaphany. Eisanthema (is-an-the' -mah) [eif, into ; avBr/fia, in- florescence : pi. , Eisanthemata^ . Same as Enanthema. Eisel (i'-sel) [ME.]. An old name for vinegar. Eisodic (is-od'-ik'). Same as Esodic. Eisophobia (i-so-fo' -be-ah) . Synonym of Agoraphobia. Eisophoria {i-so-fo' -re-ah). Same as Esophoria. Eispnea (^s-pne'-ah) [dawoii, a breathing into]. Inspiration ; the inhaling of the breath. Ejaculation (e-jak-u-la' -shun \ejaculatio, a throwing out]. The ejection of the semen. E. -center. See Center. Ejaculator (e-jak' -u-la-tor) \ejaculare, to throw out]. The accelerator urinse. See Muscles, Table of. EjaculsitoTmiD (e-jai-u-la-to'-re-um) [L.]. A syringe. Ejaculatory (e-jak' -u-la-tor-e) \ejaculatio, a throwing out]. Throwing. E. Duct. See Ductus ejaculatorius. Ejecta, or Ejectamenta (e-jek'-tah, e-jek-tam-en' -tah) [L. ,^/.]. Things or materials cast out; excretions or excrementitious matters. Ejection (e-jek' -shun) \ejectio, a casting out]. The casting out of excretions or of excrementitious matters ; that which is cast out. Elaboration (e-lab-or-a'-shun) \elaborare, to take pains with]. Careful and exact working. In physiology, any anabolic process, such as that of making crude food into higher tissue-products. Elaidic Acid (e-la-id' -ik). See Acid. Elaidin (e-W -id-in) [cAajf, the olive-tree], Cj,!!]^,©^. A white, crystalline, fatty substance, isomeric with olein, produced by the action of HNO3 upon certain oils, especially castor-oil. Elain (e-la'-in). See Eleoptene. Elaphrium (e-la'-fre-um) [i/la^pi$f, light]. A genus of burseraceous trees. E. copalliferum produces a variety of copal. E. elemiferum is one of the sources of Mexican elemi ; E. excelsum and E. to- mentosum, of South America, afford tacamahac. Elastic (e-las'-tik) [Mffiwcw, to urge forward]. Re- turning to the original form after change of form by external traction or force. E. Bandage, an India- rubber bandage exerting continuous compression of a part. E. Stocking, an India-rubber stocking exert- ing continuous pressure. E. Tissue, a variety of connective tissue having elastic properties, and of which some ligaments are composed. Elastin (e-las'-tin) \tXa{n)uv, to urge forward]. An albuminoid substance, the fundamental element of elastic tissue. It yields 36 to 45 per cent, of leucin and ^ per cent, of tyrosin. E. -peptone. See Deutero-elastose. Elastose (e-las'-tos) [pvahvuv, to urge forward]. One ELATER 413 ELECTRIC UNITS of the forms of peptone resulting from the gastric digestion of elastin. Elater {el'-at-er) [^klarijp, a driver, hurler]. In biology, [a) one of the thread-like, usually spirally-coiled, bodies found in the sporangia of mosses, liverworts, and equisetum. They serve for the dispersion of spores. (6) One of the free filaments of the capillitium of the slime-moulds, (vr) One of the elastic anal bristles of the insect called spring-tail. Elaterin, or Elaterinum (el-at'-er-in, el-at-er-i' -nutii) \pMTilpioq, driving away], CjuH^gOj. A neutral prin- ciple obtained from Elaterium ecballium, or squirting cucumber. It occurs in colorless, hexagonal prisms, that are odorless and have a bitter taste. It is a power- ful hydragogue cathartic. In toxic doses, it causes emesis, spasmodic respiration, and death. Dose gr. -^■^-jl- E., Pulv., Comp. (B. P.), contains elaterin I, sugar of milk 39. Dose gr. j-v. E., Trituratio, elaterin 10, sugar of milk 90 parts, thoroughly mixed. Dose gr. ss-j. Elaterium iel-at-e' -re-urn) \i'KaTijf>mQ, driving away]. A powerful hydragogue cathartic, being the dried sedi- ment from the juice of the squirting cucumber, Ecba- lium elaterium of Europe. Dose y% gr. every two hours ; of the tincture, gtt. x-xxx. Elbovy (el'-bo) [ME., elbowe'\. The elbow-joint; the articulation of the ann and forearm. That part of the forearm and arm adjacent to the elbow-joint. E.- jerk, one of the reflexes. See Reflexes, Table of. Elcoplasty {el' -ko-plas-te) . See Helcoplasty. Elcosis (el-ko'-sis). See Helcosis. Elder (el'-der). See Sambucus. E., Dwarf. See Dwarf Elder. Elecampane (el-e-kam' -pan). See Inula. Election (e-le¥ -shun) [electio, a choosing]. Selection or choice, as of points {points of election) to be oper- ated upon ; consideration of circumstances, such as age, condition in life, occupation, sex, etc., in determining whether to proceed with a proposed surgical operation or not. Such operations are called Operations of Elec- tion or of Complaisance. E., Triangle of, the Su- perior Carotid Triangle. See Triangles, Table of. ElecttefeteT(e-leJi-trep'-et-er)[i!AeKTpov, amber; rpiireiv, to turn]. An obsolete term for " commutator," q. v. Electric, or Electrical [e-lek'-trik, or e-le&' -trik-al) [^XeKTpov, amber]. Having the nature of or pro- duced by electricity. E. Aura, a current of electri- fied air. E. Brush, a wire brush used as an elec- trode. E. Commutator, an instrument for automati- cally interrupting or reversing the flow of an electric current, making and breaking the same with desired frequency. E. Chorea. See Dubini's Disease. E. Depilation, the permanent removal of hair from any part of the .body by the electrolytic destruction of the hair-follicles. E. Discharger, the instrument that directs the charge from a condenser through an ob- ject. E. Endosmosis, cataphoresis. E. Fustiga- tion, application of electricity through a metallic brush. E. Head-bath, application of electricity by means of an umbrella-shaped electrode surrounding the head, but separated from it by a distance of from one-half to one inch. E. Inertia, a term sometimes employed instead of electro-magnetic inertia. E. Insolation. See E. Sunstroke. E. Insulation, the placing of non-conducting material with respect to a conductor so as to prevent the loss of a charge or the leakage of a current. E. Irritability, irritability of nervous or muscular tissue to an electric discharge. E. Megaloscope, an apparatus for the medical exploration of the cavities of the body. E. Moxa, a bum made on the skin by electricity. E. Probe, a metallic conductor inserted into the track of a wound in order to ascertain the exact position of a bullet, or other foreign metallic substance. E. Pros- tration. See E. Sunstroke. E. Reactions, the response of muscles and nerves to electric stimulation. E. Shock, the physiologic shock produced in an animal by an electric discharge. E. Shower-bath, a device for general electrization ; one of the poles is immersed in a tub containing an alkaline solution. The patient stands beneath this reservoir on a metallic stool connected with the other pole. The falling water completes the circuit, dispersing the current over the whole body. E. Sphygmograph, an instru- ment for electrically recording the characters of the pulse. E. Sterilization, .sterilizing a solution by de- priving it of whatever germs it may contain by means of electric currents. E. Sunstroke, the physiologic effects, similar to those produced by exposure to the sun, experienced by those exposed for a long while to the intense light and heat of the voltaic arc. E. Test, the application of electricity to ascertain the exist- ence or non-existence of central lesions after railway injuries. It must be borne in mind that cutaneous insensibility or absence of response in the muscles is not positive proof of organic lesion j hence the so- called electric test is not so absolutely relied upon as formerly. Electric Units. The lowest integral electric values. They are as follows : — Ampere, the unit of measure- ment of an electric current. It is the electro-motive force of one volt produced in a circuit having one ohm of resistance, equal to j'^ C. G. S. electro-magnetic unit. It is sufficient to deposit . 3 grain of copper per minute on the plate of a copper voltameter, or to decom- pose sufficient acidulated water to generate 10.32 c. c. of mixed hydrogen and oxygen per minute. For convenience the T5VT7 P^'^' ^^ \is,c&. in medicine, name- ly, the milliampire. This equals I volt divided by 1000. Ampere-hour, a unit of electric quantity equal to one ampere flowing for one hour ; it is the equivalent of 3600 coulombs. C. G. S. System, Centimeter-gram-second Units, — the system of funda- mental units in which a centimeter is adopted as the unit of length, a gram as the unit of mass, and a second as the unit of time. Coulomb, the unit of measurement of electric quantity; the quantity of electricity that passes during one second through a conductor having a resistance of one ohm, with one volt of electromotive force. The micro-coulomb is the millionth part of this amount. Unit of Current, a conductor one cm. long which, if bent into an arc of one cm. radius, will act with the force of one degree on a unit magnet pole at the center. Dyne, the unit of force ; i. e., the force which if it acted for one sec- ond on a mass of one gram would, if the mass was previously at rest, give it a velocity of one centimeter per second ; or if it was previously in motion in the direction of the force, would in that time alter its ve- locity by that amount. Erg. See Unit of Work. Ergten, 10,000,000,000 ergs. Farad, the unit of electric capacity. Practically, a capacity sufficient to hold one coulomb of current having a potential of one volt. The micro-farad, xTT-ff5T!iri! P^""' °^ 'he theo- retic farad, is commonly used. • A practical form of condenser of one farad capacity consists of 300 leaves of tinfoil, each 16 centimeters in diameter, separated by leaves of mica. The entire surface has an area of about I.I sq. meters. Joule, the unit of electric energy or work. The volt coulomb. It equals 10,000,000 ergs. Unit Magnet Pole, a magnet having a strength of pole sufficient to repel a similar pole at a distance with a force of one degree. Megalerg, 1,000,000 ergs. Megavolt, 1,000,000 volts. Micro-coulomb. ELECTRICITY 414 ELECTRODE See Coulomb. Microfarad. See Farad. Micro- volt, one millionth part of a volt. Milliampfere. See Amfire. Ohm, the unit of resistance. Practi- tically, it is the resistance of a pure silver wire one meter in length and one millimeter in diameter. The theoretic or absolute unit is xtnrirVffinr P^""' °^ '^^ unit practically used. Volt, the unit of electro-mo- tive force, or the force sufficient to cause a current of one ampere to flow against a resistance of one ohm. The following is the voltage of several popular cells : Smee, 0.65; Bunsen, 1.90; Daniell, 1.05; Callaud, 0.60; Leclanche, 1.50. Volt-ampere, the unit of electric work. It is the amount of pressure developed by a current of one ampere having an electromotive force of one volt. Its mechanical equivalent is about 44.2 foot-pounds per minute. It is sometimes called a Watt. Volt-coulomb, the unit of electric work. Watt. See Volt-ampire. Weber, an ampere. Unit of Work, the erg ; it is equal to the work required to move a body through one centimeter against a force of one dyne. The reciprocal relations of these elec- tric units may be expressed thus : — I volt X r coulomb = I joule I volt X I ampere = . . I watt X volt X I ohm = I ampere I ampere X i ohm = . . I volt I volt X I ampere X i ohm « .... I watt I volt X I ampere X i ohm X i second = . ... I joule I ampere X i second = . . . I coulomb Electricity {e-lek-tris' -it-e) ^^XsKTpov, amber]. One of the forces of nature developed or generated by chem- ism, magnetism, or friction, and probably a mode of ethereal vibration, closely analogous to and converti- ble into heat and light. It has been largely employed in its various forms for therapeutic purposes. Most animal and vegetable fibers (living) contract when an electric current is passed through them, and, in fact, no substance is known that does not offer some resist- ance to the passage of an electric current. By the Conducting Power of a substance is meant the ability of a given length and area of a cross-section of that substance to conduct electricity, as compared with an equal length and area of a cross-section of some other substance, such as pure silver or copper. This power may, in various substances, be pronounced, partial, or absent. Good conductors are silver, copper, other metals, charcoal; partial conductors are water, the human body, cotton, wood, marble, paper; non-con- ductors, oils, porcelain, dry wood, silk, resins, dry air, shellac, gutta-percha, ebonite, paraffin, glass. E., Animal, free electricity in the body. E., Chemic. See E., Galvanic. E., Faradic, that produced by induction. E., Franklinic, frictional or static elec- tricity. E., Frictional, that produced by friction. E., Galvanic, that which is generated by chemic action in a galvanic cell. E., Inductive, that produced in a body by proximity to an electrified body without contact. E., Magnetic, that developed by bringing a conductor near the poles of a magnet. See Current. E., Medical, that used for therapeutic purposes. E., Static, frictional electricity. E., Voltaic, same as galvanic or chemic electricity. Electrization (e-lek-triz-a' -shurC) [^XeKTpov, amber]. The application of electricity to the body. E., General, the therapeutic application of electricity to all parts of the surface of the body. Electrize [e-lck'-triz) \_^2,£iiTpov, amber]. To treat by means of electricity. Electrizer (e-lek' -tri-zer) [f/?ieKTpov, amber]. A metal disc of copper and zinc, or silver and zinc applied to the surface of the body, and connected with copper wire, exciting, through the perspiration, a feeble galvanic current. Electro- (e-lek' -tro-) [yXeKTpov, amber]. A Greek word used as a prefix to denote connection with or relation to electricity. E. -anesthesia, inability to perceive the sensation made by electricity upon the skin. E. -biology, the science of the electric relations and laws of organic beings. E.-bioscopy. See Bioscopy. E.-centesis, the use of electrolysis to cause absorp- tion of effusions, as in pleurisy. E. -chemistry, the science of the inter-relations and laws of electricity and chemistry. E. -cystoscopy, examination of the bladder by means of electric illumination. E. -diag- nosis, diagnosis by means of the exaggeration or diminution of the reaction of the excitable tissues of the body when subjected to the varying influences of electric currents. E.-esthesia, ability to perceive the sensation made by the reception of an electric dis- charge ; it may co-exist with local anesthesia, or with loss of the power to perceive other sensations. E. -magnet, a mass of soft iron surrounded by a coil of wire. E.-magnetic Inertia, a term some- times employed instead of inductance or the self- induction of a current. E. -magnetism, magnetism induced within iron, steel, or nickel, by introducing it within a. coil through which a current is passing. E. -massage, the transmission of a current of elec- tricity through a kneading instrument; the use of labile currents applied by means of a rolling or wheel electrode, or by a sponge or brush. E. -motive, pertaining to the mechanic or motor effects of elec- tricity. E. -motor Force, that which sets electricity in motion ; the difference of potential between two points. It is estimated in volts. E. -muscular, per- taining to the action of electricity upon muscles. E. -muscular Contractility, the contractile response of a muscle to an electric current. E. -muscular Sen- sibility, the impression upon a sensory nerve by electric irritation. E.-otiatria, electricity applied to the treatment of diseases of the ear. E.-pathology, the study of morbid conditions by the aid of electric irrita- tion. E. -physiology, the study of electric reactions, properties, and relations of organs and organic tissues. E.-puncturation, or E. -puncture, the use of needles as electrodes, which are thrust into an organ, or tumor, e. g. , into the cavity of an aneurysm, with the object of coagulating the contained blood. E. -sensibility, an effect produced on a sensory nerve by its electriza- tion. E. -statics, the science of static electricity, or that developed by friction and induction. E.-thanasis, a word proposed for death by electricity. E. -thera- peutic Bath. See Bath. E. -therapeutics, the science and art of the application of electricity for therapeutic purposes. E. -therapy. See ' E. -thera- peutics. E. -thermometry, the determination of the radiation of body-heat by means of an electric ther- moscope. E. -vital, pertaining both to electricity and to the phenomena of life. E. -vitalism, the tfieoretic identification of the vital forces with electricity. Electrode {e-lek' -trod') [f/XcKvpov, amber; dSd;, a way]. The instruments, fastened to the conducting cords of a battery, that are used in the application of electricity to the body. The standard sizes of electrodes gen- erally adopted in therapy are, according to Erb, as follows : — 1. Fine electrode, . 2. Small " 3. Medium " 4. Large " 5. Very large 14 cm. diameter. 7-5 ' .6X2 ' .8X16 • E., Brush, one end fitted with a camel's-hair pencil. E., Clay, a therapeutic electrode of clay shaped to fit the part of the body to be treated. E., Electro- therapeutic, the therapeutic electrode is generally ELECTROGENESIS 415 ELEPHANTIASIS placed nearer the organ or part to be treated than the indifferent electrode. E., Indifferent, the elec- trode that is employed merely to complete the cir- cuit ; not directly concerned in the treatment or diag- nosis. E., Non-polarizable, zinc wires treated and so arranged as to prevent electrolysis. See Anode and Cathode. Electrogenesis {e-lek-tro-jen'-es-is) [//Aektijov, amber; ■yeveci;, production]. Results following the applica- tion of electricity to the spinal cord or nerve after the withdrawal of the electrodes. Electrolysis (e-lek-tro^ -is-is) [jjleicrpov, amber ; Ttiiaig, solution]. The dissolution of a chemic compound by an electric current; the discussion of any morbid growth by means of an electro-chemic current. It is used in the treatment of hydrocele and some other surgical affections. Electrolytic [e-lek-tro-lit' -ili) \ji'ktK.Tpov, amber; AiiTif, solution] . Relating to electrolysis. Electrometer (e-lek-trom' -et-er) \r)'ke.K.Tpm, electricity ; /Mirpov, a measure] . An instrument for the measure- ment of differences of electric potential. Electrophonize ' {e-lek-trqf -on-lz) [fiXenTpov, amber; ^(ii/of, a killing]. To inflict capital punishment by means of electricity. Electrophony (e-lek-trof -o-ne) [^/.e/crpov, amber; , amber; SavoTuffif, a putting to death]. Death by electricity. Electrotisis (e-lek-trof -is-is) \fi'keKTpov, amber; t'lci,^, penalty]. Capital punishment by electricity. 'SX&z'aQ'&s.'Cv:, (e-lek-tro-tis' -till) [^/le/crpov, amber; Ttuff, penalty]. . Pertaining to capital punishment by means of electricity. Electrotistis (e-lek-tro-tis'-tis). An incorrect form of Electrotisis ^ q. v. Electrotome (e-lek' -tro-toni) \rikmrpov, amber ; tehduv, to cut]. The circuit-breaker of an electric battery; especially one that acts automatically. Electrotonic (e-lek-tro-ton'-ik) [ijXeicTpov, amber ; rdvoc, tension] . Relating to or of the nature of electrotonus. E. Effect, an altered condition of excitability of a nerve produced when in the electrotonic state. Electrotonus [e-lek-trof -o-nus) [f/AeKTpmi, amber ; T6voq, tension] . The change of condition in a nerve during the application of a current of electricity. A decrease in the electro-motive force of a nerve, effected by sending a current through the nerve in the opposite direction to the nerve-current, is termed the negative phase of electrotonus, while an increase in the electro- motive force of a nerve, effected by sending a current through a nerve in the same direction as the nerve- current, is termed the positive phase of electrotonus. See Anelectrotonus, Catelectrotonus, and Electrogenesis. E., Law of. See Law. Electrovection (e-lek-tro-vek'-shun) [^Ae/crpov, amber; vehere, to carry] . Electric endosmosis ; the intro- duction of medicaments into the system by means of the electric current ; cataphoresis. Electrozemia (e-lek-tro-ze' -me-ah) [f/XeKTpov, amber; (Jl/^ia, penalty]. A word proposed for capital punish- ment by electricity ; electrotisis. Electuary (e-lek' -chu-a-re) [electuarium, an electuary]. A soft or pasty confection. See Confectio. Eleidin [el-e' -id-in) [eAoj'a, olive-oil]. A material that forms the elliptic granules of the superficial cells of the stratum granulosum of the epidermis. It is called also keratohyalin. Element (el' -em-ent') [elementum, a first principle]. In chemistry, a body that cannot be decomposed into sim- pler substances. The recognized elements now num- ber about 73. See Table of Elements, on p. 416. The term is applied in biology to the ultimate microscopic structures of a tissue. In electricity, one of the gen- erating plates in a galvanic cell. E., Mendelejeffs Classification of, the classification of elements ac- cording to their atomic weights. See Elements, Table of. Note. Elementary (el-e-men' -ta-re) [elementum, a first princi- ple]. Pertaining to an element. E. Cell, an embry- onic corpuscle. Also, a synonym of Leukocyte, q. v. Elemi (f/'-fOT-z) [Arab]. A concrete resinous exudation probably derived from the Canarium commune, al- though its botanic source is still undetermined. It contains a crystalline resin, Elemin or Amyrin. Its action is similar to those of the turpentines generally. E., Unguent. (B. P.), elemi and simple ointment; it is used as an application to indolent sores and boils. Many other resins are known to commerce as elemi. In general, the elemis are softer than the copals ; and they may be classed together as a group of somewhat hard oleo-resins. See Resins. Eleocharis (e-le-ok'-ar-is) [ttof, marsh ; ;i;aipEiv, to rejoice]. A genus of sedges or cyperaceous plants; the spike-rushes. E. palustris, a plant very common in Europe, Asia, andN. America, is a popular astring- ent remedy, useful for diarrhea and for hemorrhages. The root, tops, and seeds are used. Unof Eleoptene (el-e-op' -ten) \i\aiov , oi\ ; 7rr;?Mif, volatile]. The permanent liquid principle of volatile oils. See Stearoptene. Eleosaccharum (e-le-o-sak'-ar-um) \1^.: pi., Eleosac- chara']. Same as Oleosaccharum. Elephant Leg. See Elephantiasis arabum. Elephant's Foot (el' -e-f ants foot) . Any plant of the genus Elephantopus, order Compositse. The U. S. has several species. Elephantopus tomentosus is diu- retic, expectorant, and emetic. Dose of the fid. ext. n\,v— XXX. Unof E. carolinianus is tonic and febri- fuge, and so are various tropical species. Elephantiasis (el-e-fan-tV -as-is) [fA^^liac, an elephant]. Elephantiasis arabum ; Barbadoes leg ; Tropical big leg; spargosis ; elephant leg; morbus elephas ; buc- nemia tropica ; pachydermia : a chronic affection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, often occurring as an endemic or sporadic disease, due to obliteration of lymph- vessels, resulting in febrile and other systemic symptoms, redness, tumefaction, and infiltration of the affected part, and the eventual production of a well- marked hypertrophy that may become gigantic. It is most common in the leg and genitals. E. grae- corum. See Leprosy. E. indica. • Synonym of E. arabum. E. telangiectodes, a rare vascular form of elephantiasis arabum of congenital origin but of later development. 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"3 a ^ i^ §« i ^ a " K > 3 - 04 0-33 3 O »^ . 3 J ?*• SH ^- |0 d- Rm* - t* 3 a. vT ■y ■> - U ■c E "O C: -2 Z en §5 = 5 ^ 3 "^ i-T ^ s 3 So " - 3 *S tn V li (n 35 S-S -en - ffl O 0) o .2 •o ii (11 c4 lU Oh tU 3 33" " »* ffl" 5 ^ •3 j3 3 XI I - -^ ffl ^ " --S - ! '■3 m 3 I " U IJ Bi ' 3 -2 s ^ O 3 I 3 .r| -en t! . .- 3" E M*" U 5 « ^f o 2 &« M£-o g M S 3 3'- a Tf u >-u !i .2 3" > X 1" >" §■ £|g|55 s ti 2 E o a ■" a >> i-i lio t! O .S S = ? E C i- cd O W La aj o £ a; I in ^ 5 en o S ^ O -M .2 Si ^ . H 3 * E 27 417 ELEPHANTOID FEVER 418 EMBLICA Elephantoid Fever (el-e-fan'-toid). See Fever. Elepaas (el'-e-fai) [L.]. Synonym of Elephantiasis arabum. Eleuthera Bark (e-lu'-ther-aK). See Cascarilla. Eleutheropetalous U-lu-ther-o-pet' -al-us) [eAeiflepof, free ; ireTa'hjv, a leaf, a petal] . Polypetalous. The same as choripetalous. Eleutherophyllous (e-lu-ther-o-fil' -US') [eAciPepof , free ; ^"Khav, a leaf]. In biology, made up of distinct leaves ; polypetalous or polysepalous. Elevator {el' -e-va-tor) [elevare, to lift]. I. The same as Levator. See Muscles, Table of. 2. An instrument used in surgery and dentistry. E. Disease, one of the professional neuroses, due to constant traveling in an elevator. Elimination (e-lim-in-a' -shun) \e, out ; limen, thresh- old]. Excretion ; the process of putting forth or out. Eliquation (el-ik-wa' -shun) \jliquare, to melt out] . The separation of one substance from another by fusion or melting. Elixir [e-liks'-er) [Arab., el iksir, the philosopher's stone]. A sweetened, aromatic, spirituous prepara- tion, which is practically a flavored syrup designed as an excipient for extracts and tinctures. There are many elixirs, only two of which are official in the U. S. P. ; in the N. F. more than seventy are described. E. aromaticum, aromatic elixir, comp. spirit of orange 12 c.c, syrup 375 c.c, precipitated calcium phosphate 15 gm., deodorized alcohol and distilled water, q. s. Elixiviation {e-liks-iv-e-a' -shun). See Lixiviation. Elkodermatosis (el-ko-der-mat-o' -sis) [eAxof , an ulcer ; Skpfia, skin; vdaog, disease]. An ulcerative skin- affection. EUagic Acid (el-aj'-ik). See Acid. Elliot's Bassorin Paste. A paste used in the treat- ment of eczema. It consists of bassorin, 10 drams; dextrin, 6 drams ; glycerin, 2 drams ; water, sufficient to make 25 y^ drams. It should be prepared cold. Elliptic, Elliptical (el-ip'-tik, -al) \iXkzi-^Lq, ellipse]. Having the form of an ellipse. E. Amputation. See Amputation. Ellis's Curved Line. See Line. E., Ligament of. See Ligament. Ellison's Ventilating Bricks. See Ventilation. Elm. See Ulmus and Fremontia. Elocution [el-o-ku' -shun) [e, out of; /o?«z, to speak]. The choice, arrangement, and delivery of words and language, including the use of the voice, the action of the lungs, diaphragm, gesture, etc. Elocutionist (el-o-ku'-shun-ist) \_e, out of; loqui, to speak]. One who is skilled in the art of elocution. E.'s Cramp. See Cramp. Elodea (el-o-de' -ah) \}XiiSi}r^, marshy]. The marsh St. John's Worts; a genus of hypericaceous plants. E, virginica, common in the U. S. and Canada, is a popular stomachic. Unof. Elodes (e-lo'-dez) \t'k/.>&-rjQ, swampy; eko^, a swamp]. Marsh or paludal fever ; malarial fever. Elsberg., Plastidules of. See Heredity. Elutriation {e-lu-tre-a' -shuri) \_elutriare, to wash out]. A water-sifting process whereby the coarser particles of an insoluble substance are separated from the finer. Ely's Operation. See Operations, Table of. E.'s Table. See Pregnancy, Elythritis (el-ith-ri'-tis). See Vaginitis. Elytratresia (el-it-rat-re' -ze-ah) [ilvrpov, sheath ; aT/)i?rof, imperforate]. Atresia of the vagina ; colpa- tresia. Elytreurynter {el-it-ru-rin' -ter) \iXvTpov, sheath ; evpiiveiv, to make broad] . Same as Colpeurynter. Elytritis (el-it-ri' -tis) \_iXvTpov, the vagina; iTi;, inflammation]. Inflammation of the vagina. Elytrocele (el'-it-ro-,sSl) ^^ITivrpov, sheath ; K^hj, her- nia]. Colpocele; vaginal hernia. ElytToclasia [el-it-ro-kla' -se-aK) \i'kvTpov, sheath ; kW- uv, to break]. Rupture of the vagina. Elytroncus (el-it-rong'-kus). Same as Elytrophyma. Elytrophyma (el-it-ro-f -mah) \e%vTpov, sheath ; ^jui, a tumor] . Swelling or tumor of the vagina. Elytroplastic (el-it-ro-plas' -tik) [elmpov, sheath ; nUa- as.LV, to form]. Relating to elytroplasty. Elytroplasty (el'-it-ro-plas-te) \i7MTpov, sheath; irUc- auv, to form]. Plastic operation upon the vagina, especially for vesico-vaginal fistula. Elytropolypus [el-it-ro-pol' -ip-us) \i\vTpov, sheath ; TroAiiTTODf, polypus]. Vaginal polypus. '&\y\.rafX.o^\%.^-it-rop-to' -sis) \p\,OTpov, sheath ; irrumf, a falling]. Prolapse of the vagina. Elytrorrhagia [el-it-ror-a' -je-ah) \iXirTpov, sheath; pr/yvvvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the vagina. Elytrorrhaphy (el-it-ror'-a-fe) [flvrpov, sheath ; Imijiii, a seam]. Suture of the vaginal wall. An operation to close the opening of the vagina in procidentia uteri. Elytrorrhea [el-it-ror-e'-ah) [i2,vrpov, sheath ; pola, a flow]. A vaginal leukorrhea. Elytiostenosis (el-it-ro-ste-no'-sis) [ilvrpov, sheath; CTivaULQ, a contraction]. Colpostenosis ; v^inal stricture. Elytrotome (el-if -ro-tom) [pwrpm, sheath; Toiiij, a cutting] . An instrument for performing elytrotomy. Elytrotomy (el-it-rof -o-me) \i\m-pov, sheath; ro/i^, a cutting]. Surgical incision of the vaginal wall. Elytrum, Elytron {el' -it-rum, -tron) \i\mpmi, a cover, case : pi. , Flytrap . In biology, one of the wing-covers, wing-sheaths, or modified fore-wings of beetles ; also one of the scales on the back of certain worms. Emaciation [e-ma-se-a' -shun) \_emaciare,iomsike\ta[i\. Loss of the fat and fulness of the flesh of the body. Leanness. Emaculation [e-mak-u-la' -shun) [emaculare, to remove spots] . The removal of freckles or other spots from the face. Emanation [e?n-an-a' -shun) \_emanare, to issue]. I. Emission ; radiation. 2. That which flows or issues from a substance ; efiluvium. 'E.Taa.nAShviXa.i^ (e-man-dib' -u-lat) [e, priv. ; mandibula, mandible]. In biology, without mandibles, or at least with soft and minute mandibles. Emansio (e-man' -se-o) [L.]. A failing. E. men- sium, delayed menstruation ; amenorrhea. Emarginate (e-mar' -jin-at) \emarginatus, to deprive of the edge]. In biology, applied to a leaf or feather the margin of which is broken, notched, nicked, or otherwise modified. Emasculation [e-mas-ku-la' -shun) [emasculare, to make impotent] . Removal of the testicles ; impo- tence. See, also. Eviration. Embalming [em-bahm' -ing) [Fr., en, in; bauma,'bl^■ sam]. The treatment of a cadaver with antiseptic and preservative substances to keep it from putrefying. Embedding {em-bed' -ing). The fixation, in orderto pre- serve it intact, of a tissue-specimen in a firmer medium before freezing or otherwise hardening and section. Embelia {em-be' -le-ah) [Embel, a German traveler]. A genus of shrubs. E. ribes, a myrtaceous shrub that grows in Asia ; it is reputed to have anthelmintic properties. Dose of the powdered fruit, -jj-i^i ™ the fluid extract, 5J-iv. Unof. Emblica {em' -blik-ah) [L.]. A genus of euphorbia- ceous trees. E. officinalis, a tree of India; its fruit, the Emblica myrobalan (see Myrobalan), is astringent and vermifuge, the seed is febrifuge, and the bark is also medicinal. Unof. EMBOITMENT 419 EMBRYO Emboitment [on^gybwaf -mon(g)') [OF., emboister, to inclose, as in a box]. In biology, Bonnet's doctrine that each germ includes the germs of all generations that shall succeed it. Embolemia (em-bol-e' -me-aK) \iii^o\oq, thrown in ; Ana, blood]. A state of the blood in which it is said that emboli are readily formed. Embolic (em-bol' -ik) [e/i^SoAog, thrown in]. Relating to, associated with, or caused by an embolus. Emboliform (em-bol' -if-orni) [^/i/SoAof , an embolus ; forma, form]. Resembling an embolus. Embolism (em'-bo-Hzm) [iji^oTuo^, an embolus]. The obstruction of an artery or capillary, usually by a. blood-clot or embolus, brought from another point by the blood-current. These emboli may be fragments of vegetation from the valves of the "Heart, clots from a thrombosis or aneurysm, or fragments of atheroma- tous tissue. Around the seat of an embolus thrombo- sis occurs with the production of an infarct, q. v. E., Air, by a bubble of air. E., Capillary, obstruction of capillaries by micrococci. This occurs in pyemia. E., Fat, the entrance into the circulation of fluid fat after extensive injuries. Death often follows. The symptoms are restlessness, anxiety, slight dyspnea, accelerated breathing, quickening of the pulse ; cya- nosis, delirium, and insomnia, followed by coma, are graver symptoms. The temperature may remain sub- normal or it may rise. E., Infective, the emboli are metastatic. This occurs in pyemia and ulcerative endocarditis. E., Multiple, numerous small emboli. E., Paradoxical, embolism of an artery by a venous thrombus, as may occur in a patulous foramen ovale. E., Pyemic. ?tse E., Infective. E., Retinal, occur- ring in the arteria centralis retinae, followed by sudden loss of vision. E., Venous, occurring in veins, espe- cially of the lungs and liver. Emboloid (em'-bo-loid) [ijiPoTM^, an embolus; eZdof, likeness]. Resembling an embolus. Embololalia (em-bo-lo-la' -le-ah) \ifL^o\ai, a thing thrown in ; ')MXia, talk]. The morbid intercalation of words, often meaningless, into the speech. Bmbolophrasia (em-bo-lo-fra' -ze-ah) \ifi^o')Mi, inser- tion; 0pdff(f, speech]. Embololalia. Embolus (em'-bo-lus) [_e/il3oXo( ; h, in; PoXKelv, to throw]. I. A clot of blood, or plug of other material, brought by the blood-current from- a distant artery, and forming an obstruction at its place of lodgment. 2. Wilder' s term for the nucleus emboliformis. Emboly [em'-bo-le) {kfi^oX^, insertion]. In embryolo- gy, the process of invagination that gives rise to a gas- trula from a blastosphere or vesicular morula. Embrocation {em-br o-ka' -shun) {i.ji^pix'^i-'^ < to soak in]. A fluid external application for some injured or diseased part. Embryectomy {em-bre-ek' -to-me) [i/iPpvov, embryo; Iktoioi, a cutting out]. The surgical removal of the embryo in extra-uterine pregnancy. Embryo (em'-bre-o) [£|U;3piiov] . The ovum and the pro- duct of conception up to the fourth month of pregnancy ; the fertilized germ of an animal. Applied in botany to the rudimentary plant within the seed. E.-sac. In biology, (a) the cell in the nucleus of the ovule of flowering-plants, that contains the germinal vesicles and finally the embryo ; {b) the protoconch or primi- tive shell of certain cephalopods. Scheme of a LoNuiTUDtNAL Section of an Early Embryo. E. Epiblast. m. Mesoblast. e. Hypoblast. Scheme of the Formation of the Head- and Tail-Folds. I . Head-fold. D. Anterior extremity of the future intestinal tract. S. Tail-fold, first rudimentofthecayityoftherectum. Scheme of a Longitudinal Section through an Embryo after the Formation of the Head- and Tail-Folds. Ao. Omphalo-me-senteric arteries. Vo Omphalo-mesenteric veins, a. Position of the allantois. A. Amniotic fold. Scheme of a Longitudinal Section through a Human Ovum. Z. Zona pellucida. S. Serous cavity, r. Union of the amniotic folds. A. Cavity of the amnion, a. Allantois. N. Umbilical vesicle, m. Mesoblast. h. Heart. U. Primitive intestine. Scheme of Human Embryo, with the Visceral Arches STILL Persistent. A. Amnion. V. Fore-brain. M. Mid-brain. H. Hind-brain. N. After-brain. U. Primitive vertebrse. a. Eye. p. Nasal pit. S. Frontal process, y. Internal nasal process, n. Ex- ternal nasal process, r. Superior maxillary process of the first visceral arch, i, 2, 3, and 4. The four visceral arches, with the visceral clefts between them. o. Auditory vesicle, h. Heart, with e. primitive aorta, which divides into the five aortic arches, f. Descending aorta, om. Omphalic-mesen- teric artery, b. The omphalo-mesenteric arteries of the um- bilical vesicle, c. Omphalo-mesenteric vein. L. Liver with venae advehentes and revehentes. D. Intestine, f. Inferior cava. T. Coccyx, all Allantois, with 2, one umbilical artery ; and x, an umbilical vein. EMBRYOCARDIA 420 EMMENAGOGUE Bmbryocardia {em-bre-o-kar' -de-ah) [^e/iftfrvov, embryo ; KapSia, the heart]. An affection of the heart, char- acterized by a heart-beat like that of a fetus. It is usually associated with tachycardia, and a condition of collapse and cyanosis. See Cyematocardia. Embryoctony [em-bre-ok' -to-ne) [ifi^fyvov, embryo ; KTtlvuv, to kill]. The destruction of the living fetus ; the procurement of abortion. Embryogenesis (em-bre-o-jen'-es-is), Embryogeny (em-bre-of -en-e) \l(i^pvov, an embryo ; 7^1^?, produc- ing]. That department of biology which deals with the development of the fecundated germ. Embryograph (em' -bre-o-graf) \ifi^f>vm, embryo ; ypaipeiv, to write] . A form of microscope and camera lucida for use in drawing outlines and figures in em- bryologic study. Embryography (em-bre-og' -ra-fe) [^IfiPpvov, embryo ; ypda, menses]. Menses, ?.»■ Emmenagogue (em-en' -ag-og) \ippr)va, the menses; ayuybg, leading]. A niedicine that stimulates the menstrual flow. E., Direct, one acting directly on the generative organs. E'., Indirect, one acting only through other functions and indirectly. EMMENIA 421 EMPYEMA Emtnenia {em-e' -ne-aK) [L.]. The menses. Emmeniopathy (em-en-e-op' -a-the) \i)ifn(va, menses ; ■KoBoq, illness]. Any disorder of menstruation. Emmenology (em-en-ol' -o-je) \i.jx(ir]va, menses ; \6yoq, science]. That branch of science that tr&ts of men- struation. Emmenorrhea {evi-en-or-e' -ah) [_s/i/i^a, menses ; poia, a flowing]. The menses. Emmerich, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Table of. Emmert's Suture. See Suture. Emmet's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. E. Operation. See Trachelorrhaphy, and Operations, Table of. Emmetrope {em'-et-rop) \h>, in; iihpm, measure; i>^, eye]. A person whose eyes are emmetropic. Emmetropia {em-et-ro' -pe-ah) \iv, in; jiiTpav, measure; uib, the eye]. Normal or perfect vision. The con- dition of an eye whose shape and refractive media are such that, with suspended accommodation, parallel rays of light are brought to a focus upon the retina. For practical tests, rays of light from a point 20 feet away are considered as parallel. Emmetropic {em-et-rop' -ik) [iv, in/ fiirpov, measure; 0)1/), eye]. Characterized by emmetropia. Emodin (em'-o-din) [^Hind. , emodi, rhubarb], CjjHj,,- O5. A glucosid that occurs with chrysophanic acid in the bark of wild cherry, in cascara sagrada, and in the root of rhubarb. It consists of orange-red crystals, melting at 245-250° C. Emollient (e-mol' -yent) \_emollire, to soften]. I. Soft- ening ; relaxing and soothing. 2. A substance used by external application to soften the skin ; or, inter- nally, to sooth an irritated or inflamed surface. E. Cataplasm. Same as Species emollientes. Bmoptoe {em-op' -to-e) . See He?noptysis. Emotion {e-mo'-shun) \emotio, agitation]. Mental feeling, or sentiment, with the associated agitation, and often with more or less bodily commotion. With the emotions, desire, impulse, and will are intimately associated. Emotional {e-mo' -shun-al) [emovere, to move out]. Pertaining to the mental condition of feeling. E. Insanity, insanity characterized by exaggeration and exaltation of feelings. 'E.m'pa.nseracnt {on{^gypon{g)s' -mon{ g)) [Fr.]. A dis- ease of sheep marked by abdominal swelling. Empathema {em-patk-e' -mah) \h>, in ; ■KoBriim, suffer- ing: pi., Empathemata']. A dominant or ungovern- able passion or source of suffering. E. atonicum, hypochondriasis. E. entonicum, active mania. E. inane, harebrained and purposeless passion and excitement. Emphlysis (em' -flis-is) \iv, in, on ; t^Xhatq, eruption : pL, Emphlyses\ Any vesicular or exanthematous eruption. Emphractic {em-frak'-tik) [kfupparTecv, to obstruct]. I. Obstructive ; closing the pores of the skin. 2. Any agent that obstructs the function of an organ, especially the excretory function of the skin. Emphraxis (em-fraks' -is) [l|U^pafif, obstruction]. Obstruction ; infarction ; congestion. Emphyma (etn-f -mah) [iv, in; i^iia, growth://., Emphymata']. A tumor. Emphysema (em- fiz-e' -mah) \ifi^aauv, to inflate]. The abnormal collection of air in the connective tissue of a part, causing swelling and crepitation, E., Cuta- neous, that occurring in the connective tissues beneath the skin, usually of the face. E., Gangren- ous. See Edema, Malignant. E., Interlobular, a form of emphysema following the course of the inter- lobular septa. This condition is due to traumatism, as after tracheotomy, or in direct injury to the lungs. E., Pulmonary, a chronic condition of the lungs in which there is a dilatation of the alveoli with destruction of the alveolar walls, resulting in a loss of the normal elasticity of the lung-tissue. This is associated with more or less marked dyspnea, with hacking cough, and defective aeration of the blood, giving rise to a certain degree of cyanosis. The chest becomes full and round — ^^barrel-shaped" — and a line of distended veins may often be seen surrounding the body at the lower margin of the ribs, constituting the so-called " emphy- sematous girdle." There is a hyper-resonant note over the chest, with feeble inspiratory sound and num- erous rales of all kinds. Hypertrophy and dilatation of the right heart are frequent complications. The margins of the lungs are often the seat of large buUse due to extensive destruction of the alveolar tissue. The most frequent causes of emphysema are whooping- cough and chronic lung-affections attended with severe coughing-spells. E., Surgical. See Aeroder- mectasia. Emphysematous (em-fiz-em' -at-us) [e/iipvadecv, to in- flate]. Affected with or of the nature of emphysema. E. Girdle. See Emphysema. Emphytriatreusis (em'fit-re-at-ru' -sis) [Ifi^nnoq, in- nate; i&Tpevaig, treatment]. The treatment of dis- ease by an untrained person, whether clairvoyant, medium, trance-doctor, telepathist, mesmerist, or seventh son of a seventh son. Empiric (em-pir'-ik) [kjmnpmdg, experiential, practi- cal]. One practising medicine without philosophic or scientific principles, simply from the results of his own experience, or that of others. As commonly used it is nearly synonymous with quack. Empiricism (em-pir' -is-izm) [k/nrsipiKd; , experimental, practical]. I. Dependence upon experience or obser- vation. 2. Quackery. Empiricist (em-pir' -is-ist) [iimeiprnd^, experimental, practical]. One who depends upon experience in the treatment of disease. Emplastrum (em-plas' -trum) [ifiirl&aaeiv , to plaster up : //. , Emplastra'] . A plaster. In pharmacy, a cohesive, tenacious substance, insoluble in water, used as an excipient and containing a prescribed medicinal substance intended to be spread in a thin layer upon chamois, kid, or muslin. The excipient is usually lead oleate or Burgundy pitch. (See Lead and Fix.) There are 13 official emplastra. E. califaciens. See Cantharis. Empresiomania (em-pre-se-o-ma' -ne-ah) [e/iTrpj/uff, conflagration; iiavia, mania]. Pyromania; insane desire to burn houses or other articles ; maniacal in- cendiarism. Empresmomania (em-pres-mo-ma' -ne-ah) [sfiwpT/afiS^, a burning; /lavia, madness]. Same as Empresio- mania. Empresmus (em-pres' -mus) [i/iwpiia/^d;, a burning]. Inflammation ; phlogosis. Emprosthotonia (em-pros-thot-o' -ne-ah). Same as Emprosthotonos. Emprosthotonos (em-pros-ihof -o-nus) [iiiTrpoaBev, for- ward; T&vo(, tension]. Tonic muscular spasm that bends the upper and lower parts of the body for- ward ; it is one of the symptoms in some cases' of tetanus, etc. Emptysis (emp'-tis-is) Ik/iTTTiieii; , to spit upon]. Hem- orrh^e from the lungs ; hemoptysis. Empyema (em-pi-e'-mah) [ep, in; ttiiov, pus]. Pus in the pleural cavity or in the chest. It may be primary, which is rare, or secondary. There is associated a hectic type of fever, with chills and sweating. If not treated it will rupture spontaneously through the lung or chest-wall. Empyema is most frequently encoun- EMPYEMATOUS 422 ENCEPHALOMALACIA tered in children, but may occur from pleurisy, tuber- culosis, septic conditions, and infectious fevers in any individual. E. necessitatis, an empyema in which the pus burrows between the interscostal spaces and appears as a subcutaneous tumor. E., Pulsating, empyema attended with pulsation of the chest-wall. Empyetnatous (em-pi-em' -at-us) \hv, in ; ■kvov, pus]. Of the nature of or affected with empyema. Empyemic [em-pi-em'-ik). See Empyematotis. Empyesis (em-pi-e'-sis) [_e/i7rvhiv , to suppurate]. A pustular eruption, as smallpox : any disease charac- terized by phlegmonous pimples gradually filling with purulent fluid. Empyocele (em-pi' -o-sll^ [ct, in; ttiiov, pus; Kfikt], tumor] . A purulent scrotal tumor. Empyomphalus (em-pi-om' -fal-us) \iv, in ; trhm, pus ; o/MpaMi;, navel]. A collection of pus at or about the •navel. Emp3rreumatic {evi-pi-ru-viat' -ik ) [_efi7rvpevfia, a live coal ; i/invpoi, on fire] . Obtained from some organic substance by the aid of strong heat ; as an empyreu- matic oil. Emulgent {e-mul' -jent^ \emulgere^ to milk out]. I. Draining ; applied to the renal arteries as draining out the urine. 2. An emulgent vessel. 3. Any remedy that stimulates the emunctory organs. E. Veins, See Vein. Emulsin [e-mul'-sin) [emulgere, to milk out] , 10 {C^- a^^fif^ -\- S (Bull). A ferment contained in bit- ter almonds. It is also called Synaptase. Its union with amygdalin forms hydrocyanic acid. See Amyg- dalin. Emulsio [e-mul'-se-o) [L. : pi., Emulsiones\. See Emulsion. Emulsion [e-mul'-skun) [emulsio, emulsion]. Water or other liquid in which oil, in minute subdivision of its particles, is suspended. The U. S. P. and N. F. together contain formulae of some 19 emulsiones. Emulsionize (e-mul' -shun-iz) \_emulgere, to milk out]. To transform into an emulsion. The pancreatic juice emulsionizes fats. 'E,Ta\i\siv& (e-mul' -siv) \_emulgere, to raiWii OMi\. Form- ing or readily entering into an emulsion. Emunctory (e-munk'-ior-e) (emungere, to blow the nose, to wipe out], i. Excretory; excreting or re- moving effete matters and waste-products. 2. Any organ or part that has an excretory or purifying func- tion, as the liver, kidneys, bowel, skin, or lungs. Emydin (em'-id-in) [£^i>f, the fresh- water tortoise]. A white proteid substance procured from the yolk of the eggs of turtles. Enamel (en-am'-el) [ME,, enamaile, enamel], i. The vitreous substance of the crown of the teeth. See Teeth. 2. A vitreous substance used for painting on porcelain, glass, and for covering metals with various kinds of ornamental work. It is composed of color- ing matters which consist of metallic oxids, fluxes of vitrifiable substances, as silicates, borates, or boro-sili- cates. See Porcelain Teeth. E.-blue. See Smalts. E.-cell. See Ameloblast. E. -chisel, a dental instru- ment shaped like a chisel, with a straight or oblique edge, and used for cutting away the enamel and den- tine of the teeth. E.-column, E.-fiber, E. -prism, E.-rod, any one of the minute six-sided prisms of which the enamel of a tooth is composed. E. -cuticle. See Cuticula dentis. E.-germ, an Ameloblast, q. v, Enanthema (en-an-the' -ma/i) [fv, in ; avdy/xa, bloom, eruption: pi., Enanthemata\ An eruption within the body, in distinction from Exanthema. Enanthematous [en-an-them' -at-us) \kv, in ; avf)?)/ia, bloom, eruption]. Of the nature of or accompanied by an enanthema. Enanthesis (en-an' -thesis) [h, in ; avBelv, to bloom], I. An eruption of the skin, not connected with an internal disease. 2. An exanthematous rash. Enanthylic Acid (en-an-thil' -ik) . See Acid. Enantiobla%tous (e-nan-te-o-blas' -tus) [havrcoc;, oppo- site ; pTiaard^, germ]. In biology, applied to the embryo of orthotropous seeds when placed at the end opposite the hilum. Enantiomorphous (en-an-te-o-moV -fus) \_evavTioi, oppo- site ; /.iop^, form]. Similar but contrasted or reversed in form. Thus the two hands are enantiomorphous.. Enarthrodia (en-ar-thro' -de-ah). See Enarthrosis. Enarthrodial (en-ar-thro' -de-al) \iv, in ; apdpov, a joint]. Having the character of an enarthrosis. Enarthrosis (en-ar-thro' -sis) [kv, in ; apdpov, joint]. A ball-and-socket joint, like that of the hip ; a variety of diarthrosis. See Diarthrosis. Enation (e-na' -shun) \_enasci, to be bom] . In biology, having outgrowths resulting from excessive develop- ment. In ethnology, maternal relationship. Encanthis (en-kan' -this) \tv, in ; icavdoQ, canthus]. A reddish-colored morbid growth in the inner canthus of the eye. Encapsulation (en-hap-su-la'-shun) [en, in ; capsula, a capsule]. Fixation as in a capsule; the absorption of a bacillus in a giant-cell ; the enclosure of a for- eign body in a tough sheath. 'E.ncsime (on(g)-sant') [Fr., j«a»f/(Z, girdled]. With child; pregnant. Encephal (en-sef'-al). Same as Encephalon, q. -v. Encephalalgia (en-sef-al-al' -je-ah) [iynk^'Xa^, the brain; aXyot;, pain]. Pain in the head. Encephalatrophic ( en-sef-al-at-rof -ik ) [cyjci^aXof, brain; drpofiia, wasting]. Relating to brain-atrophy. Encephalic (en-sef-aV -ik) [«y/(£^aAof, the brain]. Per-' taining to the encephalon. Encephalin (en-sef ' -al-in) [kyri^aXoq, the brain]. A nitrogenous glucosid extracted from brain-tissue. Encephalion (en-sef-a' -le-on) [dim. of ey/ceda^f, the brain]. The cerebellum. Encephalitic (en-sef-al-if -ik) [irysk^akoq, the brain; irif, inflammation]. Relating to or affected with en- cephalitis. Encephalitis (en-sef-al-i'-tis) [ey/t^^a/lof, brain; vrii, inflammation]. Inflammation of the encephalon; brain-fever. Encephalpcele (en-sef '-al-o-sll) [eytd^Tvoq, brain; K^A^, tumor]. A hernia of the brain through a cranial fissure. Encephalocoele (en-sef -al-o-sll) [Ey/ci^oAof, brain; KoAla, hollow]. A ventricle of the brain. Encephalodialysis (en-sef-al-o-di-al'-is-is) [ey/ti^o/lof, brain ; dialvaiQ, dissolution]. Softening of the brain. Encephalodynia { en-sef-al-o-din' -e-ah ) [ey/fe^o/loc, brain ; bdvvrj, pain] . Same as Encephalalgia. Encephaloid (cn-sef ' -al-oid) [eyic^^aXof, brain; eHoc, like]. I. Resembling brain-tissue. 2. Soft carci- noma. See Carcinoma. Encephalolith (en-sef -al-o-lith) [ey/c^^aAof, brain; /l(0of, stone]. A calculus of the brain ; a brain-stone. Encephalolithiasis (en-sef-al-o-lith-i' -ns-is) \t.y«k^ako^, brain ; XS'iamQ, the formation of calculi]. The form- ation of brain-stones. Encephalology (en-sef-al-ol'-o-je) [ey/ci^a^of, brain; Adyof, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and path- ology of the brain. Encephaloma (en-sef-al-o'-niah)\b/id^a'koi;, brain; h^, tumor: pi., Encepkalomata\ I. Tumor of the brain; hernia cerebri. 2. Encephaloid carcinoma. Encephalomalacia (en-sef-al-o-mal-a' -se-ah) [iyfi^a- /lof , brain ; paXaKJa, softening] . Softening of the brain-Bubstance. ENCEPHALOMERE 423 ENDEXOTERIC Encephalomere [en-sef -al-o-mer) [ey/ce^a/lof , brain ; yJkfioi, share]. Any one of the succession of natural segments of axial parts into which the brain is divis- ible. Encephalometer {en-sef-al-om' -et-er) [«y/c£0a/lof , brain; jiirpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the cranium and locating certain brain-regions. Encephalo-myelopathy {en-sef ' -al-o-mi-el-op' -ath-e ) [ey/c^^aPiOf, brain; /jveXSg, marrow; wdBog, disease]. Any disease that is both an encephalopathy and a my- elopathy ; any cerebro-spinal disease. Encephalon {en-sef '-al-on) \kv, in; m^aXi], the head]. The contents of the cranium. The brain. Encephalonarcosis [en-sef al-o-nar-ko' -sis) [cy/ce^aAof, brain ; i>apic6eiv, to benumb] . Stupor from some brain-lesion. Encephaloncus {en-sef-al-ong' -kus) [ey/c^^aAof , brain ; &yKog, a tumor]. See Encephalophyma. Encephalopathy (en-sef al-op' -ath-e) [cy/ce^aAof, brain ; jr&dog, disease]. Any disease of the brain. Encephalophyma ( en-sefal-o-fi' -mah ) [ iyid^alMg, brain ; tfifia, a growth]. . A tumor of the brain. Encephalonrhagia (en-sef-al-or-a' -je-ah) \kyKk^a%0Q, brain ; p/iyvivai,to break forth] . Cerebral hemorrhage. Encephalotome [en-sef '-al-o-tom) [cy/c^^a^f, brain; rop.r], section]. An instrument for slicing the enceph- alon for examination or preservation. Encephalotomy [en-sefal-of -o-me) \iyKi.^a%og, brain ; rO|Ui7, section]. I. The anatomy or dissection of the brain ; surgical incision of the brain. 2. Obstetric craniotomy. Enchondroma [en-kon-dro' -mafC) \iv, in ; x^'"^P'>ii car- tilage; fi|Ua, tumor: //., Enchondromata\. 1. A tu- mor arising from or resembling cartilage in texture, etc. ; chondroma. 2. A cartilaginous growth within an organ or tissue. Enchondrosis [en-kon-dro' -sis) \kv, within ; x^vdpog, cartilage : //., Enchondrosesl . An outgrowth of cart- ilage from an osseous or cartilaginous structure ; the process by which an enchondroma is developed. Bnchy lema [en-ki-W -mah) \iv, in ; ;t;f /liir, juice] . In biology, the basal substance of a cell-nucleus (Kem- saft) ; it is a hyahrie, fluid, granvilar substance, con- taining the other nuclear elements. Enchymatous (ifK-/fw«''-aA«i) [ev, in; ;i;cjv, to pour]. In biology, applied to cells that are distended by in- fusion, as glandular epithelia. Enclave [en-klav' , on{g)-klakv') [Fr.]. Any substance enclosed within a foreign tissue, as an oil-globule in a cell ; any exclave [q. v.) considered in relation to the part that surrounds it. Enclavement [on(gyklahv'-mon(g ) ) [Fr. ] . Retention due to a constriction ; impaction, as of the head in the pelvic strait. Enclitic [en-klit'-ik) [iyicAjTiKiif, leaning on]. Not synclitic. En Clou [onig)-kloo') [Fr.]. See Culture. Encoleosis [en-ko-le' -o-sis) \h>, in ; Kii/leof , sheath] . Invagination. Encolpitis [en-kol-pi'-tis) \_kp, in ; k61tvoq, vagina] . Mucous vaginitis. 'E.aaaXy [en'-krat-e) [cy/tpaTEWi, mastery]. Self-control; continence or strict temperance. Encyclic, Encyclical [en-sik'-lik, en-sik' -lik-al) \iv, in ; /rfi/c/lof , a circle]. In biology, applied to flowers having the organs arranged with an equal number of parts, in alternate whorls ; isomerous. Encysted (ctj-jm^'-^oT) [ct, in; /ciiffrif, a bag] . Enclosed in a cyst, or capsule. Aneurysms, hernisE, or tumors may become encysted. Encystment [en-sisf -ment) \h, in; /ciiffTif, a bag]. The process of becoming encysted. End [ME., ende\ The terminal point of a thing. E.- bud, or E.-bulb, the terminal bulb of a nerve in the skin. E.-bulb of Krause. 'nee Corpuscle. E. -plate, the expanded terminal of a motor nerve upon a bundle of muscular fibers. E. -organ, the general name for the terminal organ or part of a sensory nerve-fiber, of whatever kind. Endangeitis [end-an-je-i' -tis) \h>&m, within ; ayyelov, vessel; mg, inflammation]. Inflammation of the en- dangium. Endangium, or Endangeion [end-an'-je-um, -on} \^iv6ov, within; ayyelov, vessel]. The intima or in- most coat of a blood-vessel. See Intima. Endanthem [end-an' -them) \iv6m, within ; av6eiv, to bloom]. A term applied to a mucous exanthem. Endarteritis [end-ar-ter-i' -tis) [IvSov, within ; apTrjpia, artery ; itlq, inflammation] . Inflammation of the intima, or innermost coat of an artery. The acute form is rare, and only occurs in the aorta and the larger arteries. Ulceration is very rarely present. The chronic form, also named Atheroma, and Arteritis deformans, is a peculiar change or degeneration occur- ring in the arterial coats of the aged, and is preceded by a fatty degeneration of the tissues of the arteries. Syphilis is supposed to play an important part in the production of this condition. The immediate cause, however, is mechanical irritation due to the force of the circulation. The fatty debris and the cholesterin that are formed during the degenerative process accumulate in spaces beneath the intima and constitute the so- called atheromatous abscesses. The so-called athero- matous ulcer is formed by one of these abscesses break- ing through the intima. The sequelae of atheromatous degeneration axe very grave. Aneurysm, thrombosis, embolism, and apoplexy frequently result, and hence, the ultimate prognosis is bad. Arterio-capillary Fibrosis, or Arterio-sclerosis, is -- peculiar change occurring in the small vessels throughout the body, and consisting in a thickening of the adventitia and intima by a deposit of a hyaline-fibroid material which diminishes the caliber of the vessels, increases the arterial tension, and thus gives rise to the hyper- trophy of the heart that is present in this condition. Endeictic [en-dlk'-tik) \iv, in; demviwai, to show]. Symptomatic ; serving as an indication. Endeixis [en-diks' -is) \ivSti^iQ, a pointing out]. A symptom, sign, or indication. Endemann and Prochazka's Test. See Tests. Endemic [en-dem'-ik) \iv, in ; (J^^uof, a people]. A term applied to diseases that exist among small num- bers of persons or within a hmited area. An endemic disease may or may not become epidemic ; it is in general due to some local cause. E. Colic. See Colic. Endemicity, or Endemism [en-dem-is'-it-e, or en'-dem- izm) \kv in; Sfipog, a people]. The quality of being endemic. 'E.-a&^rn.ioXo^ [en-dem-e-oV -o-je) [ct, in; (S^|Uof, a peo- ple ; Uyog, science]. The science of -endemic di-seases. Endepidermis [end-ep-e-der'-mis) \iv&og within ; ctti, upon; d^p/io, the skin]. The inner layer of the epi- dermis. Endermatic [en-der-maf -ik) \tv, in ; Sepp-a, the skin]. Within the skin. Pertaining to a method of adminis- tering medicines through the skin, by rubbing, etc. Endermic [en-der'-mik). Same as Endermatic. Enderon [en'-der-on) [kv, in; dipoQ, skin]. The true skin or derm, together with the non-epithelial portion of the mucous membrane. Enderonic [en-der-on' -ik) [iv, in ; Stpng, skin]. Per- taining to or of the nature of the enderon. Endexoteric [en-deks-o-ter' -ik)\kv&ov ,-fi\ima; e^urepticdQ, outer]. Due both to internal and external causes. ENDO- 424 ENDOCHORION Bndo- [end'-o-) \ii>Sov, within]. A prefix, meaning within. Endo-arteritis Un-do-ar-ter-i' -tis). See Endarteritis. Endo-auscultation {en-ao-aws-kul-ta'-shun) \h>&iyv, within; auscultare, to listen to]. A method of auscultation devised by Bianchi by using the ordinary esophageal tube passed into the stomach, to auscult the gullet and stomach, and through them, to a certain degree, the heart and lungs. Sndoblast [en' -do-blast) \h)Sm, within; ^?.aaT6(, a germ]. The cell-nucleus, or cytoblast. See J/yJ)o- 6/ast. Endoblastic (en-do-blas' -tik) [kvSov, within ; pTiaardq, a germ] . Relating to the endoblast. Endocardiac, Endocardial (en-do-kar'-de-ak, en-do- kar' -de-al') \i.v6mi , within; /capd/a, the heart]. Re- lating to the endocardium ; situated within the heart. Endocarditic {en-do-kar-dit'-ik) \ivSov, within ; Kapdia, the heart]. Pertaining to or affected with endocar- ditis. Endocarditis {en-do-kar-di' -tis) [ivSov, within ; icapdia, the heart ; ing, inflammation] . Inflammation of the endocardium or lining membrane of the heart. Acute rheumatism is the most frequent cause, though pneu- monia, gout, or any infectious disease may precede. The valves are nearly always the parts affected, and usually those of the left heart. The disease is prone to terminate fatally or result in permanent injury to the valves. Fibrinous deposits or vegetations project into the cavity of the heart ; the thickened endocar- dium is liable to become atheromatous, with chronic ulceration. Acute endocarditis may be divided mto simple and malignant. Chronic endocarditis includes chronic disease of the valves of the heart. There is a fibrous or cirrhotic thickening of the latter, associated with contraction and calcification. Usually this chronic disease, like the acute, is confined to the left heart, and it is generally rheumatic in origin. E., Malignant or Ulcerative. Also called diphtheric, infectious, and septic endocarditis. A rapidly fatal type due to septic infection. It is marked by high fever, chills, and profound prostration. This is followed by the development of a murmur, purpuric skin-eruptions, hematuria, delirium, convulsions, hemiplegia, enlarge- ment of the spleen, the typhoid state, and death. Frequently no cause can be found. Ulcerations are found around and in the valves, and in these ulcers micro-organisms are present in large quantities. E. polyposa, a form of ulcerative endocarditis in which there is an excessive deposit of fibrin, producing poly- poid masses. E. pustulosa, a form of ulcerative en- docarditis in which minute abscesses occur in the substance of the valves. E., Simple, the ordinary variety of acute endocarditis, usually associated with a mitral systolic murmur. E., Chronic, associated with valvular lesions. The following forms are met with : I. Aortic Incompetence ; 2. Aortic Stenosis or Obstruc- tion; 3. Mitral Incompetence ; 4. Mitral Stenosis; 5. Pulmonary Incompetence ; 6. Pulmonary Stenosis or Obstruction ; 7. Tricuspid Incompetence ; 8. Tri- cuspid Stenosis ; 9. Combined valvular disease. Aortic Incompetence is produced by a retraction of the edges of the valves, which have become rigid and thickened ; as a result the aorta is not shut off from the left ventricle during the diastole, and there is a leaking backward of blood into that cavity. A diastolic murmur is thus produced. This is. frequently associ- ated with a marked degree of arterio-sclerosis. Sud- den death occurs in aortic incompetence more frequently than in any other valvular affection. The pulse is the so-called Corrigan or water-hammer pulse. Aortic Stenosis or Obstruction is due to thickening and curling, with calcification of the valves. This usually occurs in the aged. A systolic murmur is produced, accompanied in the late stages of the disease by a tendency to syncope, giddiness, and anemia. The pulse is slow and small, but regular. Mitral Incom- petence, the most frequent of all valvular lesions, is due to curling of the valve-cusps or to shortening of the chordte tendinete. There is usually produced an immense hypertrophy of the walls of the ventricles. Late in the disease compensation fails and general edema ensues. Dyspnea is a frequent symptom, associated with cyanosis and albuminuria. The mur- mur is systolic in- time ; the pulse is normal during the stage of compensation, afterward small and irregular. This is a common form among children. Mitral Stenosis, due to fibrous thickening and contraction of the mitral cusps. The opening may be reduced to a mere fissure. If due to a thickening and shortening of the chordae tendinese the thickened and adherent valves are drawn in a funnel-shape toward the floor of the ventricle. Mitral stenosis usually occurs in women. A presystolic murmur is produced, associ- ated with duplication of the second sound. Pul- monary Incompetence, the rarest of valvular diseases, may be due to congenital abnormalities, or may follow some diseased condition, as malignant endocarditis. The murmur is diastolic in time. Pul- monary Stenosis or Obstruction, usually congenital, is due to fetal heart-disease. The patients usually die before they are ten or twelve years old. A systolic mur- mur is produced. Tricuspid Incompetence is due to endocarditis or to dilatation of the right ventricle and tricuspid orifice. Compensation is never adequate, arid hence venous stasis, cyanosis, and dropsy soon follow. A systolic murmur is produced. Tricuspid Sten- osis is a rare condition and usually secondary to mitral stenosis. It is marked by a presystolic murmur. Com- bined Valvular Disease ; frequently two of the fore- going murmurs may coexist. The most usual combi- nations are as follows: i. Aortic obstruction and regurgitation ; 2. Mitral obstruction and regurgitation ; 3. Mitral obstruction and tricuspid regurgitation ; 4. Aortic obstruction and mitral regurgitation; 5' Double valvular disease at aortic and mitral orifices (four murmurs) . E. ulcerosa, the ulcerative form of endocarditis. E. verrucosa,, ft, form of endocarditis characterized by the production-*,, endocardial vegeta- tions situated mostly upon the curtains of the cardiac valves. It is seen usually upon the left side of the heart. Endocardium ( en-do-kar' -de-um ) [ ivSnv, within ; mpSia, the heart]. The colorless, transparent mem- brane lining the interior of the heart. Endocarp [en' -do-karp) [ivdov, within ; /capTrdf , fruit]. In biology, the inner hard and stony membranous or fleshy layer of a pericarp ; e.g., the stone of a peach. Endocarpoid {en-do-kar'-poid). In biology, applied to lichens that have the apothecia immersed in the thallus. Endocelarium ( en-do-se-la' -re-um ) [ ivSov, within ; KoiXia, the belly]. In biology, the visceral epithelium of the body-cavity. Endocervical (f»-(/o-jfr'-z'//J-«/ ) [fi'fW, within; cervix, neck]. Relating to the inside of the uterine cervix. Endocervicitis ( en-do-ser-vis-i' -tis ) [ iv^'ov, within ; cervix, neck ; mf , inflammation]. Inflammation within the canal of the cervix uteri. Endochondral [en-do-kon'-dral) [hSm, within; x6v6pos, cartilage]. Situated or occurring within a cartilage. Endochorion [en-do-ko' -re-on) \iv&av, within ; xdpi^Xi the chorion]. The inner chorion; the vascular layer of the allantois. ENDOCHORIONIC 425 ENDONEURIAL Kndochorionic (en-do-ko-re-on' -ik) [ivSov, within ; x6picni, the chorion]. Relating to the endochorion. Endochrome (en'-do-krom) [ivdm, within ; ^^xpi^H^t color]. In biology, the coloring-matter, other than green, of the endoplasm of a cell, or that of diatoms or of flowers. Endochylema {en-do-ki' -lem-ah) [iv6ov, within; x^^°St juice]. In biology, the semi-fluid substance filling the protoplasmic reticulum of a cell. Endochyme (en'-do-kini) [evtSoi/, within ; ;i'U|U(if, juice]. In biology, the formative cell-sap elaborated from the chyme. Endoclinal [en-do-kli'-nal) \_iv6oro, within; kXivuv, to lean]. In biology, having the clinode, an organ analogous to the hymenium, inclosed in a conceptacle. Endocolpitis (en-do-kol-pi' -tis) \h>&ov, within ; /ciSAxof, vagina]. Same as Encolpitis. Endocone [en' -do-kon) [evrfov, within ; /cuvof, cone]. In biology, one o£ the internal cones formed by the siphon-sheaths in certain cephalopods. Endocranitis (ifW-afc-z^ra-Mi'-^if) [evtSoi', within ; Kpaviov, the skull ; (r«f , inflammation]. Inflammation of the endocranium; pachymeningitis externa. Endocraniutn ( en-do- kra' -ne-wn ) [ ivSov, within ; Kpaviov, the skull]. That part of the cerebral dura that adheres to the inner surface of the cranial bones. One of the processes projecting into the cephalic cav- ity, as the tentorium or cephalophragma. Endocyemate (en-do-si' -em-at) \iv&m>, within ; nvrijia, an embryo] . In embryology, applied to that form of development in which the embryo is invaginated in a fold of the blastodermic membrane, an amnion being formed ; the opposite of Spicyemate. Endocyesis ( en-do-si-e' -sis ) \h/Sov, within ; Kvelv, to conceive: pi., Endocyeses^ In biology, the process that gives rise to an endocyemate embryo. Endocyma (en-do-si' -mah) [ivSov, within ; /ci/ia, a fe- tus]. A form of double monstrosity in which the parasite is contained within the body of the autosite. Endocyst (en'-do-sist) [hiSov, within; icvaTcc, bladder]. In biology, the endoderm or- inner layer of the ceneciura or common dermal system of a colony of Polyzoa. See Ectocyst. Endoderm (en' -do-derm) [evdov, within; Sep/ia, skin]. In biology, the simple nutritive cell-layer lining the cavity of the ""Tiiitive intestine, the enteron, and its modifications oi derivatives. The vegetative germi- nal layer. See Blastoderm. Endodermis (en-do- der' -mis) \ivSov, within ; 6kppa, skin]. In biology, the layer of cells surrounding a fibro-vascular cylinder. Endodontitis (en-do-don-ti' -tis) [evSov, within ; bScA^, a tooth; iTic, inflammation]. Inflammation of the lining membrane of a tooth. Endogastritis (en-do-gas-tri' -tis) \h)Sov, within; yoffT^p, stomach; iru;, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. Endogen (en'-do-jen) [ivSov, within; yevvav, to pro- duce]. A plant, the growth of which is by means of new matter deposited in the interior of the trunk or branch. A member of one of the great primary classes of flowering-plants ; a monocotyledon. See Exogen. Endogenous (en-dof -en-us) [ivdov, within ; yivTig, pro- ducing]. In biology, applied to the stems of mono- cotyledons and their manner of growth ; also to spore- formation or cell-formation inside of a parent-cell.^ Endognathal (en-dog' -na-thal) \h>Sov, within; yvoBog, jaw]. In biology, applied to the pulpiform appenda- ges formed by the modification of the three terminal joints of the third thoracic limb in certain crustace- ans. Endognathion (end-og-na' -the-on) [mW, within ; yvd- 0o(, jaw]. The middle portion of the superior maxilla. Endogonium (en-do-go' -ne-um) \iv&m>, within ; ydvog, seed]. In biology, a gonidium formed inside of a re- ceptacle or parent-cell, as in the Saprolegniea , Muco- rini, Vaucheria. Endo-laryngeal (en-do-lar-in'-je-al) [iv6m, within; /liipi/yf, the larynx]. Within the larynx. E. Opera- tions, operations performed within the larynx. Endolemma (en-do-lem' -ah ) \ivSov, within ; Ujifia, husk]. Same as Neurilemma. Endolymph (en'-do-limf) \ivSoi>, within ; lympha, water]. The fluid of the membranous labyrinth of the ear. Endolymphangeal (en-do-lim-fan' -je-al) \iv6av, with- in ; lympha, lymph; hyytlov, vessel]. Situated or belonging within a lymph-vessel ; as an endolym- phangeal nodule. Endolymphic (en-do-lim' -fik ) \iv&av, within ; lympha, lymph]. Relating to or of the nature of endo- lymph. Endomersion (en-do-mer'-shun). See Objective. Endomesoderm (en-do-me' -so-dervi) \iv6ov, within ; ^^(TOf, middle ; dep/ia, skin]. In biology, applied to two cells that appear on the side of the blastopore in the embryos of molluscs and annelids, giving rise by di- vision to the two primitive mesoderm cells, and to a portion of the lining of the mesenteron. Endometrial (en-do-me' -tre-al) \evSov, within; fi^rpa, the womb]. Pertaining to the endometrium; situ- ated within the uterus. Endometritis (en-do-me-tri'-tis) [forfov, within ; fi^rpa, the womb; iT(f, inflammation] . Inflammation of the en- dometrium. E., Cervical, of the cervical portion. It gives rise to the condition known as erosion, ulceration, or granular degeneration of the cervix, a veiy frequent condition. There is leukorrhea, pain in the back, and congestion of the cervix and pelvic viscera, with metror- rhagia or menorrhagia, or both, together with some failure of the general health. This condition is due to traumatism, usually in parturition. E., Chronic Purulent, occurs in old women and is marked by an accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity with a pur- ulent leukorrhea. E., Corporeal, that of the body of the uterus. E., Decidual, of the decidual mem- brane of the impregnated uterus. It may be diffuse (thickening and development of connective tissue) or polypoid (with polypoid growths). E., Fungous, that in which the lining membrane is hypertrophied, with the formation of vascular granulations. This is also called hem.o^'rhagic endometritis. E,, Hemor- rhagic. See E., Fungous. Endometrium (en-do-me' -tre-unC) \lv&ov, within ; fiiyrpa uterus]. The lining membrane of the uterus. Endometry (en-dom' -et-re) \iv&Qn>, within ; fiirpov, measure]. The measurement of the interior of an organ or cavity, as of the cranium. Endomyocarditis (en-do-mi-o-kar-di' -tis) [evSov, with- in ; |Uiif, muscle; KapSia, heart; irtf, inflammation]. Inflammation of both endocardium and myocardium. Endomysial (en-do-miz'-e-al) [ivSov, within; ^Sf, mus- cle]. Pertaining to or of the nature of endomysium. Endomysium (en-do-miz' -e-um) \iv6m, within ; fivi;, muscle]. The extension of the perimysium between the muscular fibers. Endonephritis (en-do-nef-ri' -tis) \).vSov, within ; vefp6q, kidney ; iTiq, inflammation]. Synonym of Pyelitis. Endoneural (en-do-nu'-ral) [ivdm, within; veiipov, nerve]. Relating to or situated within the interior of a nerve. Endoneurial (en-do-nu'-re-al) [sfrfov, within ; vevpov, a. nerve]. Relating to the endoneurium. ENDONEURIUM 426 ENDOSTOMA Endoneurium [en-do-nu^ -re-um) \ev6ov, within ; vevpov, a nerve]. The connective- tissue sheath uniting the fibers of a fasciculus (or funiculus) of a nerve. Kndoparasite [en-do-par^ -as-it ) [ev(5ov, within ; irapd- atTog, parasite] . An entozoan or internal parasite ; one living within its host. Endoparasitic [en-do-par-as-if -ik) [tvrfoi', within; irapd- aiTog, a parasite]. Of the nature of an endoparasite. Rndopatagium {en-do-pat-a^ -je-tini) [eyrfoi', within ; TrarayeZov, the border of a woman's gown]. In biology, that part of the wing-membrane of a bat lying between the body, the humerus, the lower ex- tremity, and a hypothetic line drawn downward from the elbow and intersecting the free margin of the membrane. (Allen.) Endopathic (en-do-path' -ik') \h>Sov, within ; wdBoc;, dis- ease]. Pertaining to the origin of disease from condi- tions or causes not derived from without. See £xo- Endopericarditis (gn-do-per-ii-ar-di''-tis)lev6nv,within ; irepl, around ; KapSia, the heart ; itiq, inflammation] . Inflammation of both endocardium and pericardium. Endoperimyocarditis [en-do-per-e-mi-o-k a r-d i'-t i s) \h)&m>, within ; Trtpl, around ; //iif, muscle ; napdla, heart ; ircg, inflammation] . Inflammation of endocar- dium, pericardium, and myocardium. Endoperineuritis (en-do-per-e-nu-ri' -tis) [Ivdov, within ; jrepi, around ; vevpov, a nerve ; irif, inflammation]. Inflammation of both endoneurium and perineurium. Endophlebitis (en-do-fle-bi' -tis) \hiSm>, within ; ^/iii/), vein ; ltlq, inflammation] . Inflammation of the inner coat of a vein or veins. Endophleum [en-do-Jle' -urn) [ivSov, within ; ij>%ol6(, bark]. In biology, the liber, or inner bark; bast. Endophragm [en' -do-fram) \iv6ov, within ; (ppdyfia, a partition]. In biology, a partition formed by the chitinous plates projecting inward from the lateral wall of the somites of a crustacean. Endophyllous (en-do-fil' -us) \iviQv, within ; ifhWov, leaf]. In biology, enclosed within a sheath, as the young leaves of monocotyledons. Endophyte (en'-do-fit) \i.vSov, within ; ipvrdv, a plant]. Same as Entophyte, Endoph3rtous {en-dof -it-us) \^v8qv^ within ; (^vrdv, a plant]. In biology, applied to the larvae of certain insects that bore into the stems and roots of plants. Endoplasm (en' -do-plazni) \h>Sov, within ; TrXdafLa, a thing formed]. In biology, the inner granular pro- toplasm of a protozoan or of a histologic cell. Endoplast (en' -do-plast) \ivSov, within ; TrXaardc, formed]. In biology, the nuclear body of a proto- zoan ; the homologue of the nucleus of a histologic cell. (Huxley.) Endoplastule (en-do-plas' -till) \ivSov, within ; irlaaTdg, formed]. In biology, a small oval or rounded body, often found attached to the endoplast of a protozoan ; the homologue of the nucleolus of a histologic cell. Cf Entoblast. Endopleura (en-do-ploo' -rah) \ivSm, within ; vXevpd, a rib : //. , Endopleurce'\ . In biology, the delicate seed-coat ; it is also called tegmen. Endopleurite (en-do-ploo' -nt) [Iv&ov, within ; TrXcvpd, a rib]. In biology, one of the lateral apodemal par- titions arising from the interepiitieral membrane con- necting every pair of somites in certain crustaceans. Endopodite (en-dop'-o-dlt) \ivSov, within; Trodf, foot]. In biology, the inner of the two main divisions of the crustacean limb ; when fully developed it consists of seven joints, becoming in the thoracic region an am- bulatory limb. Endoptile (en-dop'-til) [ivihv, within ; wtiXov, feather, down, leaf]. Same as Monocotyledonous. Endorhizal (en-do-ri'-zal) [ivSov, within ; 'p'i,C,a, root]. In biology, applied to monocotyledonous embryos hav- ing the radicle enclosed within a sheath. Endosalpingitis (en-do-sal-pin-ji' -tis) [evdov, within ; aak'r!i,y\, trumpet, tube ; jTif, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the lining membrane of a P'allopian tube. Endosarc (en'-do-sark) \iv&ov, within ; adp\, flesh]. In biology, the inner protoplasm of a protozoan j also ap- plied by Hincks to a tissue derived from the endocyst (the inner layer of the common dermal system of a colony of Polyzoa), and composed, for the most part, of fusiform cells, constituting the connection between the polypides. Endoscope (en'-do-skop) [ivSov, within ; cuoneiv, to ob- serve] . An instrument for the examination of a body- cavity through its natural outlet. Endoscopy (en-dos'-ko-pe) \_iv6ov, within; CKoniiv, to observe]. The practice or process of using the endoscope. The examination o£ cavities or organs within the body by means of an endoscope. Endosiphon (en-do-si' -fun) [ivSov, within ; at^av, a tube]. In biology, the inner siphon of a cephalopod. Endoskeleton ( en-do-skel' -et-un ) [ Iv&ov, within ; cnzkeTfyv, a dry body]. In biology, as distinguished from exoskeleton, applied to the internal skeletal structures of any animal, whether they are bony, car- tilaginous, chitinous, calcareous, or silicious, if covered by flesh and integument. Endosmometer ( en-dos-mom' -et-er ) [ h>&ov, within ; 6j(T//(5f , a thrusting ; fisTpmt, a measure] . An instru- ment for measuring endosmosis. Endosmose (en'-dos-mos). Same as Endosmosis. Endosmosis [en-dos-mo' -sis) \iv6ov, within; aa/idf, impulsion]. The passage of a liquid from without in- ward, through a porous septum or diaphragm ; inward osmosis. See Osmosis. E., Electric, cataphoresis. Endosmotic (en-dos-mot'-ik) \iv&cfi>, within ; aa/xd^, a thrusting]. Pertaining to endosmosis. E. Equiva- lent, the weight of distilled water that passes into the flask of the endosmometer in exchange for a known weight of the soluble substance. This, e.g., for salt is 4. 3 ; for sugar 7.1. Endosotne (en'-do-som) \h>Sov, within ; cdjia, body]. In biology, the inner layer of the body of a sponge, developed from the endoderm and associated meso- derm. Endosperm (en' -do-sperm) [ivSov, within; (jTep/m, seed]. In biology, the albumin of a seed. Endospore (en' -do-spor) [ivSov, within; OTvdpoQ, seed]. In biology, (l) a bacterium-spore formed by free cell- formation, as distinguished from an arthrospore ; (2) the inner coat of a spore. Endosteal (end-os'-te-al) [ivSov, within ; oaTtov, a bone]. Relating to endosteum. Endosteitis (end-os-te-i'-tis) [hvSov, within ; barkov, a bone ; (rif , inflammation] . Inflammation of the endos- teum. Endosternite (en-do-ster' -ntt) \iv6ov, within ; aripvov, the breast-bone]. In biology, a sternal piece of the endothorax developed to support a series of muscles in various arthropods. Endosteum (end-os' -le-um) \b>Sov, within ; barhv, bone] . The vascular membranous layer of connective tissue lining the medullary cavity of bones ; the inter- nal periosteum. Endostoma (en-dos' -to-mah) \ev6ov, within ; ard/ia, the mouth : pi., Endostomata]. In biology, a structure found in certain crustaceans behind and giving support to the labrum. Endostoma (end-os-to'-mah) \_evdov, within ; hareov, bone : pi. , Endostomatd^ . A bony tumor within a bone, or in a cavity surrounded by bone. ENDOSTOME 427 ENNEANDER Endostome (en' -do-stsm) \h>Sav, within ; (!T6jxa, the mouth]. In biology, the orifice of the inner coat of an ovule. Endostosis {end-os-to' -sis) \h)Scn) , within ; bareov, bone : //. , £ndostoses'\. Ossification of a cartilage. Endostracum [en-dos' -trak-um) \_ev6m, within ; oarpa- Kov, shell]. In biology, the inner layer of the exo- skeleton of a crustacean. Endostyle {en' -do-stll) [ivSov, within ; otvAoq, a col- umn]. In biology, an organ for the secretion of mucus, forming the ventral edge of the branchial sac, and extending from the peripharyngeal bands ante- riorly to the posterior end of the sac of Ascidians ; it is also called the hypobranchial groove. Endotheca Un-do-the' -kak) \lv6ov, within ; BijKii, a case : //. , Endotheci2\ . In biology, the inner layer of the lining investment of the visceral chamber of a coral. Endothecium {en-do-the' -se-um) \iv6mi, within ; S7K17, a case]. In biology, thetapetum or inner lining of an anther-cell. Endothelial (en-do-the' -le-al) \iv&av, within ; ^"kii, nipple]. Pertaining to endothelium. Endothelioid [en-do-the' -le-oid) [ivSov, within; ft?/l^, a nipple ; elSoq, form] . Resembling endothelium. Endothelio-inotna (en-do-the' -le-o-in-o' -mah) \_evdov, within ; fli/zl^, a nipple ; Ig, a fiber ; dfia, a tumor : //. , Endothelio-inomala^. A malignant inoma or fibroma of endothelial origin. Endothelioleiomyoma (en-do-the' -le-o-Ii-o-mi-o' -mah) \ivSov, within ; ft?A^, nipple ; ^riof, smooth ; /ivg, muscle; 5/za, tumor: ^/. , Endothelioleiomyomata\. Endothelial and malignant leiomyoma ; myosarcoma. Endothelioma (en-do-the-le-o'-mah) [ivSov, within; BriTiii, a nipple ; bjia, a tumor : pL, Endotheliomata]. A tumor of the endothelium, usually, if not always, a sarcoma or malignant growth. Endotheliomyxoma (en-do-the' -le-o-miks-o' -mah) [iv- Sov, within ; Bijlfj, nipple ; /ii'fa, mucus ; biia, a tumor : pi. , Endotheliomyxomatd] . Endothelial and malignant myxoma. ^nioiiielioTh3.b&oxayoma.(en-do-the'-le-o-rab-do-mi-o'- mah) \iv&ov, within; difkii, nipple; pa^Sog, a rod; liv(, muscle ; 6/ia, a tumor : pi. , Endotheliorhabdomyo- mata'] . Endothelial and malignant rhabdomyoma. Endothelium (en-do-the' -le-um) [hiSov, within ; Gifkii, nipple]. The internal lining membrane of serous, synovial, and other internal surfaces ; the homologue of epithelium. Endothermic (en-do-ther' -mik) [iv6ov within ; Bkpjiri, heat]. Relating to the absorption of heat. E. Sub- stances, or Compounds, those of which the forma- tion is attended with an absorption of heat. Endothoracic (en-do-tho-ra' -sik) \hiSov, within ; 66pa^, thorax]. Situated or occurring within the thorax. Endothorax (en-do-tho' -raks) \_ivdov, within ; O&pa^, a breastplate ; the chest]. In biology, the interior framework, or apodemal system of the cephalotho- racic region of a crustacean, furnishing processes for the support of the soft parts. Endyma (en' -dim-ah) \h>&vfm, garment]. The epen- dyma, or lining epithelial membrane of the ventricles of the brain, and of the cavity of the spinal cord. Endymal (en'-dim-al) \iv&vfia, garment]. Relating to the endyma. Endysis (en'-dis-is) \iv&voi(;, a putting on]. In biol- ogy, the process of acquiring plumage by a bird. Enecation (en-ek-a' -shun) \e, out; necare, to kill]. Destruction of life ; complete exhaustion. Enechema (en-ek-e'-mah) [ev, in ; fixm^"-, sound, ring- ing] Tinnitus aurium. Enecia (e-ne'-she-ah) \fjveidic, continuous]. A con- tinuous fever. Enema (en'-em-ah) [ivefia ; kv, in ; itvaty to send : pi., Enemata, Enemas']. A rectal injection^for therapeutic or nutritive purposes. Enepidermatic, or Enepidermic (en-ep-e-der-maf -ik, or -der'-mik) [ev, in ; im&kpjug, the epidermis] . Per- taining to the treatment of disease by applications to the skin. Energy (en'-er-ge) \h>ipyeva ; f v, in ; epyov, work] . The power or force displayed by an organism. The capacity for doing work. E., Conservation of, the law that the various forms of energy can be trans- formed one into the other without loss. E., Kinetic, the power of a body in motion. E., Potential, the possible power of a body at rest. Physiologically, its measure is the amount of heat that may be obtained by complete combustion of the chemic compounds representing the potential energy. Enervate (e-ner'-vdt) \eneruare, to weaken]. To weaken. Enervation (e-ner-va' -shuii) \enervatio, weakness]. 1. Weakness; lassitude; languor from lack of nerve- stimulus ; neurasthenia ; the reduction of the strength. 2. The removal of a section of a nerve. Enervose (e-ner'-vos) [enervus, without nerves]. In biology,, applied to leaves destitute of nerves or veins. Eneuresis (en-u-re'-sis). See Enuresis. Engagement-stage of Labor. See Descent-stage. Engastrius (en-gas' -tre-tis) \tv, in; yaar^p, belly]. A monstrosity in which one fetus is included within the peritoneal cavity of another. Engelmann's Middle Disc. A light disc, separating two darker discs of a muscle-case. It is also called Hensen's disc. Engenesis (en-jen' -es-is) [ev, in ; yevsatiai, to be pro- duced]. In biology, the fourth of Broca's four de- grees of fecundity in the union of two species. Cf. Agenesis, Dysgenesis, Paragenesis. Engine (en'-jin) [ME., engin, a mechanical contriv- ance]. An apparatus for producing some mechanical eifect. E., Dental, a foot-power machine, embracing the following devices and combinations : The use of a flexible wire shaft, with a flexible sheath over it. See Dental Engine. E., Surgical, an electric or foot- power machine, used with a flexible wire shaft. It is employed in surgery, in drilling, boring, and smooth- ing bone, etc. Engle System. See Cremator. English (ing'-glish ) [ME., EnglisK\. Belonging or pertaining to England. E. Cholera, See Cholera. E. Disease. Synonym of Rhachitis. E. Position. See Postures, Table of. E.-red. See Colcothar and Venetian-red. E. Sweating Fever. See Anglicus sudor. E. Teeth, artificial teeth with beautiful color- ing, and soft translucency, rendering them well adapted for matching the natural teeth. Engomphosis (en-gom-fo' -sis) \iv, in ; yd/ifo;, nail] . Gomphosis, ^. v. Engorged (en-gorjd') [Fr. , engorgement, a choking up] . Congested. E. Papilla. See Choked Disc. Engorgement (en-gorj' -ment ) [Fr. , engorgement, a choking up]. Over-distention of the- vessels of a part, with stagnation of the circulation. Vascular conges- tion. Enlargement (en-larj'-ment). See Auxe, Auxesis, Hypertrophy. KTAaiger (en-lar' -jer) . See Amplifier. Enneagynous (en-e-aj'-in-us) [kwka, nine ; yvvf/, a woman]. In biology, applied to flowers having nine pistils. Enneander (en-e-an' -der) \kwia, nine; avrjp, a man]. In biology, applied to a flower having nine stamens. ENNEAPETALOUS 428 ENTEROCLYSTER Knneapetalous {en-e-ap-ef -al-us) \kvvta, nine; nhakov, a leaf]. In biology, applied to a flower having nine petals. £nneaspernious i^en-e-as-per^-mus) [ivvia, nine; ankpiJta, seed]. In biology, applied to fruits having nine seeds. Enodal (e-no'-dal) \e, priv. ; nodus, a knot]. In biol- ogy, without nodes or joints. £noinoinania (en-oi-no-ma' -ne-ah) \iv, in ; divoq, wine ; fiavia, madness]. Delirium tremens. Bnomania (e-no-ma' -ne-ak) [owof , wine ; iiavLa, mad- ness]. Excessive use of or desire for intoxicating liquors; insanity due to intoxication. Also, delirium tremens. See Methomania. £nophthalmia (en-off-thal' -me-aK^ \i.v, in ; 0(pdaX/i6g, eye]. Retraction of the eyeball m the orbit. Enophthalmos (en-off-thal' -mos) \i.v, in ; bfBa?./x6;, the eye]. Recession of the eyeball into the orbit. Enosomania {en-os-o-ma' -ne-ah) [ivoai^, trembling ; fiavta, madness]. Insanity marked by terror, the patient expecting for himself the most dreadful visita- tions. Enostosis {en-os-to' -sis) \iv, in ; ouTkov, bone]. A tumor within the medullary canal of a bone, or a bony tumor originating in bone. En Piqfkre (on(g) pik-eer') [Fr.]. See Culture. Ensate (en' -sat) \ensis, a sword]. In biology, sword- shaped ; ensiform. Ensiform (en' -sif-orni) \_ensis,2isr»OT6.; forma, form]. Shaped like a sword. E. Appendix, the sword- shaped, cartilaginous process of the sternum ; the xiphoid cartilage. Ensistemal (en-sis-ter' -nal) \ensis, sword ; aripvov, the breast-bone] . Pertaining to the ensisternum. Ensisternum (en-sis-ter' -num) [ensis, sword ; aripvov, the breast-bone]. The xiphisternum or ensiform cartilage. Ensomphalic (en-som-/al'-ii) [cw, in ; aafia, body ; b/i(pa?.6g, navel]. Pertaining to an ensomphalus. See also Teratism. Ensomphalus (en-som' -fal-us) \tv, in; aafia, body; 6^0a/l3f, navel]. A double monstrosity, with practi- cally complete and functional organs, but united by some more or less superficial bond. Enstactum (en-stak' -turn) \kv, in ; araJC,uv, to drop : pi. , £nstacta~\. A liquid coUyrium. Enstrophe (en'-stro-fe) [ev, in; arp^ipeiv, to turn]. Inversion, as of the margin of an eyelid. Entad (en'-tad) \tvT6^, within ; ad, to]. From with- out inward ; toward a center ; the opposite of Ectad. Ental (en'-tal) [eirtif, within]. A surface, aspect, or structure farther from the periphery or nearer the center than that with which it is contrasted. Deep, internal, profound. Compare the opposite, Ectal; also Position and Direction, Table of. Entasia, or Entasis (en-ta' -se-ah , or en'-tas-is) [ivraaic, a straining]. A generic term for spasmodic muscular action ; tonic spasm. Entatic (en-tat'-ik) \ivTaTiKbc, causing straining]. Causing spasm or strain ; aphrodisiac. Entera (en'-ter-ah). Plural oi Enteron, q. v. Enteradenography (en-ter-ad-en-og' -ra-fe) \ivTeptm, intestine ; h&iiii, gland ; yph^uv, to write] . A treatise on the intestinal glands. Enteradenology (en-ter-ad-en-oV -o-je) \evTtpov, intes- tine; h&fiv, gland; Wyof, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the intestinal glands. Enteragra (en-ter-a'-grak) [evrepov, intestine ; &ypa, seizure]. Gout in the intestine. Enteralgia (en-ter-al' -je-ah) [Ivrepov, intestine ; aXyoc, pain]. Pain in the bowels. E. inflammatoria. Synonym of Acute Intestinal Catarrh. Enterectasis (en-ter-ek'-tas-is) \ivTtpoo, intestine ; iKTaaic, dijatation]. Dilatation of some part of the small intestine. Enterectomy (en-ter-ek'-to-me) [Ivrepov, intestine ; kicTO/i^, excision]. Excision of a part of the small intestine. Enterelcosis (en-ter-el-ko' -sis) \lvTepov, intestine; IXnaau;, ulceration]. Ulceration of the bowel. Enterepiplocele (en-ler-ep-ip' -lo-sll) \h>Ttpm, intestine ; «7ri7r^ov, caul ; /ci^/l^, hernia]. Hernia in which both bowel and omentum are involved. Enterepiplomphalocele (en-ter-ep-ip-lom-fal'-o-sll) [iv- repov, bowel ; cTrtTrXoov, caul ; ofKpaXdg, navel ; Ki/'hi, hernia]. Umbilical hernia, with protrusion of the omentum. 'ExAeric (en-ter'-ik) [hrepmdc; forepoc, bowel]. Per- taining to the intestines. E. Fever, typhoid fever. To demonstrate bacilli of enteric fever see Gaffky's Method 3.rv& Woodhead's Method, unitt Stains, Table of Enterischiocele (en-ter-is' -ke-o-sel) [evrepov, intestine ; 'usxioni, ischium ; Ki/Xri, hernia]. Intestinal hernia through the great sciatic notch. Enteritic (en-ter-if -ik) [ivrepov, bowel ; ircg, inflam- mation]. Relating to enteritis. Enteritis (en-ter-i'-tis) [evrepov, bowel ; iri^, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the small intestine. E., Chronic Exudative. Synonym of E., Pseudo-mem- branous. E., Membranous. ^■^■aoTVjavoi E., Pseudo- membranous. E., Pellicular. ^^nanrjTuoiE., Pseudo- membranous. E., Pseudo-membranous, a non- febrile affection of the bowel, consisting in a peculiar, and usually persistent, morbid condition of the intes- tinal mucous membrane, marked by the periodic formation of viscous, shreddy, or tubular exudates composed chiefly of mucin, on the discharge of which temporary amelioration of the accompanying acute digestive and nervous symptoms occurs. The disease appears mainly in middle life and usually in females. Entero- (en'-ter-o-) [ivrepov, bowel]. A prefix denot- ing relation to the intestines. Entero-ana3tomosis (en'-ter-o-an-as-to-mo'-sis) [evre- pov, bowel ; avaaro/ideiv, to bring to a mouth] . The surgical creation of an anastomosis between two parts of the intestine ; or the union of two parts of the intes- tine after the excision of a segment. Enterobrosis (en-ter-o-bro'-sis) [ivrepov, bowel; jSpu- mf , an eating]. Perforation or ulceration of the in- testine. Enterocele (en'-ter-o-sll) [ivrepov, bowel ; niikri, tumor]. A hernia containing a loop of intestine. E., Rectal, having a covering of the rectal wall. E., Vaginal, having a covering of the vaginal wall. Enterocentesis (en-ter-o-sen-te' -sis) [ivrepov, intestine; Kivr^aig, puncture] . Surgical puncture of the intestine. Enterochlorophyl (en' -ter-o-klo' -ro-fil) [ivrepov, bowel; X^-upi^, yellowish-green ; art(, cyst ; ardfia, mouth]. Same as Ckolecystenterostomy. Entero-cholecystotomy (en-ter-o-ko-le-sis-tof -o-me). Same as Cholecystenterotomy. Enterocleisis (en-ter-o-klis' -is) [evre/oov, bowel ; /cXeiffif, a closing]. Occlusion of the bowel. Enteroclysis (en-ter-ok' -lis-is) [ivrepov, bowel ; Mm(, a drenching]. Injection of nutrient-materia;! into the intestine in cholera, collapse, etc. ; more generally, any rectal enema or clyster. Enteroclyster (en-ter-o-klis' -ter) [Ivrepov, bowel ; kMxi- (la, a clyster]. A rectal clyster or enema. ENTERO-COLITIS 429 ENTEROSTOMY Entero-colitis (en-ter-o-ko-li'-tis) [Ivre/jov, bowel ; tal)kov, the colon ; (Ttf , inflammation] . Inflammation of the small intestine and of the colon. Enterocystocele (en-ter-o-ds' -to-sH) [ft'TEpow, intestine j ghari^, bladder ; KifkTi, tumor]. Hernia involving the urinary bladder and the intestine. Enterodynia {en-ter-o-din' -e-ah) [ivrepov, bowel ; 'o6i)vri, pain].' Pain referred to the intestines. Entero-epiplocele (en'-ter-o-e-pip'-lo-sll). See Enter- epiplocele. Enterogastritis (en-ter-o-gas-trV -lis) [^vrepoi', intes- tine ; yaciTiip, belly ; LTig, inflammation]. Inflamma- tion of the stomach and intestine. Knterogastrocele (en-ter-o-gas'-tro-ssl) [ivrepov, bowel; ■yanT'^p, belly; aii'Krj, tumor]. A hernia containing the gastric and intestinal walls ; abdominal hernia. Enterography {en-ter-og' -ra-fe) [ivrepm, intestine ; yph^uv, to write]. A treatise on or a description of the intestines. Enterohematin {en-ter-o-he' -mat-iii) [evrepov, intestine; mfianvoQ , of blood]. In biology, a coloring-matter found in many invertebrates (e.g. , the livers of mol- luscs), the mother-substance of histohematin. It is the same as the Hemochiomogen and Helicorubin of Krukenberg. Enterohemorrhage (en-ter-o-hem^ -or-dj^ [^ivrepov, in- testine ; al/ia, blood ; ptfyvvvaL, to burst forth] . Intes- tinal hemorrhage. Enterohydrocele {en-ter-o-M'-dro-sll) \ivTEpm, intes- tine ; vSup, water; k^Ai?, hernia]. Hydrocele compli- cated with intestinal hernia. Entero-ischiocele (en-ter-o-is' -ke-o-sel^ \ivTepmi, intes- tine ; 'ixs-xiov, ischium ; K.ii'kifi, tumor]. Same as Enter- ischiocele. Enterolith [en' -ter-o-litli) \ivTepov, bowel ; TuBoq, a stone] . A concretion formed in the digestive-tube. Enterolithiasis (en-ter-o-Uth-i' -as-is) \h>rtpm, bowel ; "hSiaaiq, the formation of calculi]. The formation of intestinal calculi. Enterology (en-ter-ol'-o-je) [hnepov, bowel ; Uyo^, science]. The science of the intestinal viscera ; the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and hygiene of the intestines. Enteromalacia {en-ler-o-mal-a' -se-ah ) \hne.pov, bowel ; pakaida, softness]. Pathologic softening of the bowel- walls. Enteromenia [en-ter-o-me' -ne-aK) \ivrepcn), bowel ; fiffv, month] . Vicarious menstruation by the bowel . Enteromerocele (en-ter-o-me' -ro-sel ) [ivrepov, bowel ; iai(>6g, thigh ; icfiMi, hernia]. Femoral hernia involv- ing the intestine. Enteromesenteric (en-ter-o-mez-en-ter'-ik ) \ivTtpov, bowel; iitaog, middle; ivrepm, bowel]. Pertaining to the intestine and the mesentery. Enteron (en'-ter-on) [hirepov, intestine : //., Entera\. I. The intestinal or alimentary canal, exclusive of those parts that are of ectodermal origin. 2. The intestine. Enteroncus (en-ter-ong'-kus) [ivrepov, bowel; Sy/cof, mass]. A tumor of the bowel. Enteroneuria (en-ter-o-nu' -re-ah ) [Ivrepov, intestine ; vevpm, nerve]. An intestinal disease dependent upon some neurosis. Enteropathy (en-ter-of -ath-e) [tvTEpov, bowel ; n&Sog, disease] . Any disease of the intestines. Enteioperistole (en-ter-o-per-is' -to-le) \h>rtpav, bowel ; nepiOToTJi, a winding about]. I. Peristaltic motion of the bowels. 2. Any constrictive obstruction 6f the intestinal-tube. Entero-peritonitis J^en-ter-o-per-it-on-i'-tis) \ivTtpov, bowel; veptTdvaiov, the peritoneum; trtg, inflamma- tion]. Combined inflammation of the intestines and adjacent peritoneum ; inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the intestine. Enteropexia (en-ter-o-peks' -e-ah ) [^svrepov, bowel ; TTiffiC, fixation]. Fixation of a portion of the intes- tine to the abdominal wall, for the relief of enterop- tosis, splanchnoptosis, etc. Enterophlogia (en-ter-o-Jlo' -je-ah') \ivTepov, bowel; (ployia, a burning]. Synonym of Acute Intestinal Catarrh. Enterophlogosis (en-ter-o-Jlo-go'-sis) [ivrepov, bowel ; oia, a flow] . Diarrhea. * Enterorrhexis (en-ter-or-eks' -is) [ivrepov, bowel ; /)^f(f, rupture]. Rupture of the bowel. Enterosarcocele (en-ter-o-sar' -ko-sit) [ivrepov, intes- tine; ffopf, flesh"; /c^A)?, a hernia]. Intestinal hernia with sarcocele. Enterosepsis (en-ter-o-sep'-sis) [ivrepov, bowel ; aijfig, putrefaction]. Intestinal toxemia or sepsis. A con- dition of unusual activity in the contents of the intes- tinal canal, by which the ptomaines of putrefaction are produced in such manner, or in such quantity, that they are absorbed and give rise to a state of intoxication. Enterosis (en-ter-o'-sis) [ivrepov, bowel ; v6ao(, dis- ease: pi. , Enterosesl. Any intestinal disease. Enterostenosis (en-ter-o-ste-no'-sis) [ivrepcrv, bowel ; arivuaig, contraction]. Stricture or narrowing of the intestinal canal. Enterostomy (en-ter-os' -to-me) [ivrepov, bowel ; ard/ia, mouth]. Incision and suture of the small intestine to the abdominal wall for introduction of food by this artificial mouth, in case of impossibility of food- entrance by the normal route. ENTEROTERATOMA 430 ENTOPLASTIC Enteroteratoma {en-ter-o-ier-at-o' -mah) [ivTEpov, bowel; T^paf, monster ; o/ia, tumor]. A solid tumor of the umbilicus in new-bom infants, composed of the remains of the omphalic duct. Enterotome (en' -ter-o-tom) \hn&pm, bowel ; T0fi6(;, cutting]. The name of various instruments used in cutting-operations upon the intestine. Enterotomy (en-ter-of -o-tne) \ivTef)ov, bowel ; Tijivuv, to cut]. Incision, dissection, or anatomy of the intes- tine. Enterozoon (en-ter-o-zo' -on)\hmfim, intestine ; fipov, an animal : pi., Enteroeoa]. A parasite of the intestine. Entheomania (en-the-o-ma' -ne-aK) [£v6eof, inspired; imvla, madness] . Mania in which the patient believes himself to be inspired ; religious insanity. Enthetic (en-thef -ik) [kvrShai, to put in]. Intro- duced ; coming from without ; applied especially to syphilitic and other specific contagious diseases. The list of enthetic diseases given by Dr. Hartshome, in Pepper's "System of Medicine," is as follows: i. Only produced by contact or inoculation — primary syphilis, gonorrhea, vaccinia, hydrophobia. 2. Con- tagious also by atmospheric transmission through short distances — variola, varioloid, varicella, measles, diphtheria, scarlatina, rotheln, mumps, whooping cough, typhus, relapsing fever. 3. Endemic, occa- sionally epidemic — malarial fever, dengue, yellow fever. 4. The zymotic or enthetic diseases— influ- enza, cerebrospinal fever, erysipelas, puerperal fever, tropical dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera, plague. Entiris (fM-ft'-ra) [CTTiif, within ; tp«f, rainbow]. The uvea of the iris, forming its inner and pigmentary layer. Entoblast (en' -to-blast) \ivT6q, within; p^Mardg, a bud, germ]. In biology, the nucleolus or germinal spot of a histologic cell. Cf. Endoplastule. Entobliquus (en-to-bW -kwus) [evrdf, within; obliquus, oblique]. The obliquus intemus muscle of the abdo- men. See Muscles, Table of. Entobranchiate (en-to-brang' -ke-at ) \ivT6Q, within ; ^phyxi-O; gills] . In biology, having internal or con- cealed branchia. Entocarotid (en-to-kar-ot'-id) [eirdf, within; Kdpog, stupor]. The internal carotid artery. See Arteries, Table of. Entocele (en'-to-sll) [evriif, within; /i^At?, hernia]. Internal hernia (as through the diaphragm) ; ectopia ; morbid displacement of an internal organ. Entoceliac, or Entocelian (en-to-se'-le-ak, or en-to- se'-le-aii) \hnl>^, within; kolXm, hollow]. Situated within a brain-cavity or ventrfcle. Entochoroidea, or Entochorioidea (en-to-ko-roi' -de-ah, or -ko-re-oi-de'-ah) [ivrdq, within ; ;t;opoEi(S^f , like a membrane]. The inner lining of the choroid mem- brane of the eye, made up mainly of capillaries. Entocinerea (en-to-sin-e' -re-aK) \i,VT6q, within ; ciner- eus, ashy]. Cineritious or gray brain-substance sur- rounding the cavities of the brain and spinal cord. Entocondylar (en-to-kon'-dil-ar) \_kvT6(, within ; K&vSv%OQ, a condyle]. Pertaining to an inner condyle, Entocondyle (en-to-kon'-dll) [ivrdq, within ; ii6v6v7m^, a condyle]. An inner condyle, as of the humerus or the femur. 'KrAocomi (en-to-ko'-nid) [tfriif, within ; /cavof , cone] . The inner and posterior cusp of a lower molar tooth. Entocornea (en-to-kor' -ne-ah) \tvT6T6q, within ; cuneus,a wedge; forma, form]. The inner cunei- form bone of the foot. Entocyte (en'-to-sU) [evrdf, within ; kvto^, cell]. The contents of a cell, including nucleus, nucleolus, granu- lations, etc. Entoderm (en'-to-derm) [Ivrdf, within ; Sip/M, skin]. Same as Endoderm. Entoectad (en-to-ek' -tad) \kvT6Q, within; e/criif, exter- nal ; ad, to] . From within outward. Entogastric (en-io-gas' -trik) \ivT6^, within ; yanrijp, stomach]. Relating to the interior of the stomach. Entoglossal (en-to-glos'-al) [ivrbq, within; ylCiaaa, tongue]. Situated within the tongue. Entogluteus (en-to-glu-te' -us) [euriif, within; y^owdf, the rump]. The gluteus mmimus muscle. See Mus- cles, Table of. Entojugular Vein (en-to-ju' -gu-lar) [evriSf, within; jugular, a little yoke]. The internal jugular vein. See Vein. Entomere (en'-to-mlr) [evriif, within ; p-ipo^, a part]. In embryology, one of the cells forming the center of the mass of blastomeres in the developing mam- malian ovum, the outer blastomeres being called ectomeres. Entomion (en-to' -me-on) [_kvTo/j.^, notch]. See Crania- metric Points. Entomogenous (en-to-moj' -en-us) \ivTOjmv, an insett ; yevi]^, produced]. In biology, applied to fungi growing upon or within insects. Cf Entomophytous. Entomography (en-to-mog' -ra-fe) [ivTOfiov, an insect ; ypayeiv, to write] . A written treatise on insects. Entomology (en-to-mol'-o-je) [_lvTOfwv, insect; Uyeiv, to speak]. That department of zoology devoted to the description of insects. Entomophilous (en-to-moff'-il-m) [ivrojiov, insect; (fiMeiv, to love]. Insect-loving or insect-attracting. E. Flowers, flowers attracting insects by their secretions and thus securing cross-fertilization through the insects that carry the pollen to other flowers. Entomophytous (en-to-moff'-it-us) \ivTOfum, insect; (fivrbg, grown]. In biology, applied to fungi that grow upon or within the bodies of insects. Cf. Ento- mogenous. Entomosis (en-to-mo'-sis) [ivToium, insect ; v6ao;, dis- , ease]. Any disease due to parasitic insects. Entomotaxy (en-to-mo-taks' -e) \ivTOjiov, insect; rdfif, arrangement]. The systematic preparation and arrangement of insects. Entomotomy (en-to-mot' -o-me) \ivro}iov, insect ; To^i), a cutting]. Insect anatomy. Entomozoaria (en-to-mo-zo-a' -re-ah) [ivro/wv, an in- sect ; foov, a living being]. A type of bilateral animals nearly equivalent to the Arthropoda. Entonia (en-to' -ne-ah) \h>Tm>ia, tension] . Rigidity or tension of a voluntary muscle ; tonic spasm. Entonic (en-ton' -ik) \ivTmia, tension]. Characterized by entonia, or by violent tonic spasm. Entoparasite (en-to-par'-as-it) [eircif, within ; irapi- (7(rof, parasite]. An internal' parasite ; an entozoan or entophyte. Entopectoralis (en-to-pek-tor-a'-lis) [Ivriif, within; pectoralis, of the breast] . The pectoralis minor mus- cle. See Muscles, Table of. Entoperipheral (en-to-per-if -er-al) [»T(5f, within; ■Kfpi^kpuv, to carry around]. Originating or situated within, and not upon the periphery. Entophthalmia (en-toff-thal' -me-aK) \ivrbq, within; b^HaXpia, a disease of the eyes]. Inflammadon of the internal parts of the eyeball. Entophyte (en'-to-fit) \ivT6q, within ; ^vr^v, a plant]. An internal parasite of vegetable nature ; as a schizo- mycete or bacterium. Entoplastic (en-to-plas' Hik) [turiif, within; lO^heaut, to form]. Same as Endoplastic. ENTOPLASTRON 431 EPENDYMAL Entoplastron [en-to-plas' -trmi) [evrTl)Q, within ; oiznKdg, pertain- ing to vision]. Pertaining to the internal parts of the eye. B. Phenomena, visual phenomena caused by peculiarities or imperfections of the eye itself, such as mtisccB volitantes. Entoptoscopic (en-top-to-skop'-ik) [ivT6q, within ; Ai/), eye ; aiamelv, to inspect] . Relating to entoptoscopy. Entoptoscopy (en-top-tos' -ko-pe) [evroj, within ; u^, eye ; aKoirelv, to inspect] . The investigation or observational study of the interior of the eye, or of the shadows within the eye. Entorectomy {en-tor-ek' -to-me) [evrtpov, bowel ; iKTOjiij, excision]. Resection of a diseased portion of the bowel. Entoretina (en-to-ref -in-aK) \kvT6^, within ; retina, retina]. The innermost layer of the retina, itself com- posed of five layers, and an inner limiting membrane. Entorrhagia (en-tor-a' -je-ah) [eiriSf, within ; priyvvvai, to burst forth]. Internal hemorrhage. Entostemite Qn-to-ster'-nlt). See Endosternite. Entosthoblast [en-tos' -tho-blast) [svdoaBe, from within ; pXaardc, germ]. The supposed nucleus of a nucle- olus. Entostosis, or Entosteosis (en-tos-to'-sis, -tos-te-o' -sis) [ivrdq, within; bariov, bone]. An osseous growth within a medullary cavity. Entotic {en-tot'-ik) \i.vT&i, within ; otif, ear]. Pertain- ing to the internal ear. E. Phenomena, sounds caused by abnormalities of the auditory mechanism itself. Entotriceps ( en-tot '-re-seps) [ivrd^, within; rpel^, three ; KS(pa7.f!, head]. The internal head or division of the triceps muscle of the arm. Entozoal {en-to-zo' -al) [evriif , within ; ff ov, an animal]. Caused by or dependent upon entozoa. Entozoon (en-to-zo' -on) [hrd^, within ; (,C>ov, an ani- mal : pi. , Entozoa'] . An animal parasite living within another animal. Entrails [en'-trels) [M.E., entraile]. The bowels and abdominal viscera. Entropium (en-tro'-pc-um). See Entropion, «^ Entropion. Entropion [en-tro' -pe-on) \iv, in ; rpeiruv, to turn]. Inversion of the eyelid, so that the lashes rub against the globe of the eye, producing inflammation, pannus, etc. It may be cicatricial, organic, or spastic in origin. E., Superciliary, the incurvation of the hairs of the eyebrow into the palpebral fissure and against the conjunctiva, causing the same symptoms as are present in ordinary entropion. Enucleation (e-nu-kle-a' -shun) \e, out of; nucleus, a kernel]. The operation of exsecting or shelling-out from its seat or capsule a tumor, etc. E. of Eye, excision of the eyeball from the orbit. Enucleator (e-nu' -kle-a-tor) \_e, out of; nucleus, a ker- nel]. An instrument used in performing enucleation. Enuresis [en-u-re' -sis) [_ivovpeei.v, to be incontinent of urine]. Incontinence of urine. A frequent afiection of early childhood, due to a variety of pathologic con- ditions, including the presence of ascarides, phimosis, and vulvitis. . E. nocturna, involuntary emptying of the bladder during sleep. Envelop [en'-vel-op) [Fr. , enveloppe]. An investing membrane, or layer. Environment (en-vi' -ron-ment) [Fr. environner, to surround]. The totality of influences acting upon the organism from without. See Evolution, Factors of. Enzootic [en-zo-of -ik) [ct, in, or among; f^jov, animal]. Affecting beasts in a certain district ; as an enzootic disease. Enzooty (en-zo' -o-te) \kv, in, among; fuov, an animal]. An enzootic disease. Enzyme (en'-zlm) [ev, in; fi/zi?, leaven]. I. Kuhne's name for the soluble ferments. 2. Any ferment formed within the living organism. 3. Any chemic or hydro- lytic ferment, as distinguished from organized fer- ments, such as yeast. Enzymes are most active between 30° and 35° C, and are destroyed by boiling. Ejazymic (en-zi'-mik) [iv, in ; fii/i)/, leaven]. The na- ture of the action of an enzyme. Enz3rmosis (en-zi-mo'-sis) \iv, in; fw/ii?, leaven]. The action of an enzyme. Enzymotic (en-zi-mof -ik) \iv, in ; C/ofiri, leaven]. Per- taining to enzymes. Eonosos, or Eonosus (e-on'-o-sos, or -sus) [^wf, morn- ing; viiffof, illness]. See Morning Sickness. Eosin (e'-o-sin) [ii&a, the dawn], C2DHgBr,05. Tetra- bromfluorescein ; an important dye produced by the ac- tion of bromin on fluorescein suspended in glacial acetic acid. It occurs in red or yellowish-red crystals, and is used as a stain in histology. See Fuchsin. E. colors. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Eosinophile {e-o-sin'-o-fil ) \eosin from ^wf , dawn ; ^iKtiv , to love]. In bacteriology and histology, applied to mi- crobes or histologic elements showing a peculiar affin- ity for eosin-stain. Eosinophilous (e-o-sin-off ' -il-us) [^wf, dawn ; riiiepoQ, daily]. The name given by old physicians to short and slight febrile attacks occurring in the lying-in period. These fevers were of frequent occurrence, and of slight significance. They indicated a small amount of septic infection. E. maligna. See Anglicus sudor. Ephemeral (e-fem' -er-al) [i(pfijiripoQ, living a day]. Temporary. Applied to fevers that pass away in a day. Ephesis (ef-es-is) [lipeaig, a longing]. A longing ; lust. Ephialtes (ef-e-al' -te%) \t<^ih'Krri^ ; EWJ, upon; 'loKksLV, to leap]. See Nightmare. Ephidrosis (ef-id-ro' -sis) [iKt, upon ; ISpuaig, sweat- ing] . Perspiration. See Hyperidrosis. E. cruenta, bloody sweat. See Hematidrosis. E. flava, yellow sweat. E. lactea, white or milky sweat. E. nigra, black sweat. E. tincta. See Chromidrosis. E. viridis, greenish sweat. Ephippium (ef-ip/ -e-uni) \)<^'fKiziov, saddle-cloth ; ett/, on; (7r?rof, horse: //. , Ephippia']. i. Same as Sella turcica. 2. In biology saddle-shaped capsules formed from the carapace of adult cladocera, and con- taining the winter (or ephippial) eggs. Epian (e'-pe-an) [Fr. , a raspberry]. The yaws; frambesia, q. v. 'Ei^ibla.st (ep' -e-/>last) [kni, upon; jilaardi;, a. sprout]. The external or upper layer of the blastoderm, called, also, the ectoderm or neuro- epidermal layer, from which is developed the central nervous system and epidermal tissues, including the epithelium of the sense-organs. Epiblema (ep-e-dle'-mah) \_eni., upon ; ^aklebv, to throw ; to throw over or to cloak]. In biology, the imper- fectly-formed epidermis in submerged plants and on the extremities of growing roots. Epibole (e-pib'-o-le). See Epiboly. Epiboly (e-pib'-o-le') [ctj, upon; lifXktiv, to throw]. In biology, a term introduced by Salenka to indicate the enclosure of the large yolk-mass by the overgrowth of cleavage-cells. Cf. Emboly. Epibranchial (ep-e-brang' -ke-al) [ett^, upon ; ^pdyxia, gills]. In biology, applied to various structures; as that portion of the carapace of a crustacean that forms part of the roof of the branchial chamber ; the terminal horn of the hyoid bone of a bird, etc. Epibulbar (ep-e-bul'-bar) \i.-Ki,, upon ; PoXjSdg, bulbus , bulb]. Situated upon the globe of the eye ; as an epibulbar tumor. Epicalyx (ep-e-ka' -liks) [cti, upon ; kUKv^, calyx : //., Epicalyces']. In biology, an involucre resembling aa exterior or accessory calyx. Epicanthis (ep-e-kan' -this) \_kniKav6ts : pi., Epican- thides\ See Epicanthus. Epicanthus (ep-e-kan' -thus) [ct/, on ; Kavd6(, angle of the eye] . A fold of skin passing from the nose to the eyebrow over the inner canthus of the eye. Epicardium (ep-e-har' -de-um) [ctti, upon ; mpdia, heart]. The visceral layer of the pericardium. Epicarp (ep' -e-karp) [ettj, upon ; Kapndg, fruit]. In biology, the outer skin of a fruit. Epicele, Epicoele (ep'-i-sil) [em, upon; KOf^ia, belly], I. In biology, applied to such a body-cavity as that of vertebrates or that represented by the atrium of an ascidium. 2. The cephalic portion of the fourth ven- tricle, constituting the cavity of the epencephal. Epicentral (ep-e-sen' -tral) [eiri, upon ; Kevrpov, center]. In biology, adhering to a vertebral centrum, as some of the scleral spines in the herring. Epicerebral (ep-e-ser' -e-bral) \k-Ki, upon ; cerebrum, the brain]. Situated over or on the cerebrum ; as the epicerebral space between the brain and the pia. Epichilium (ep-e-kil' -e-um) {ivl, upon; xiCkog, lip, brim: pL, Epichilia\ In biology, applied to the upper portion of the lip of an orchid. Epichorion (ep-e-ko' -re-on) [iiri, upon; ;yi5p»v, the chorion] . I . The decidua reflexa. 2. The epidermis. Epiclidium (ep-e-klid' -e-um) [em, upon ; iO\£iSuyv, clavicle; //. , Epiclidia"]. In biology, a separate ossi- fication of the distal end of the clavicle in birds ; ac- cording to Parker it represents the precoracoid of rep- tiles. Epiclinal (ep-e-kli'-nat) [etti, upon ; kXivtj, a bed]. In biology, placed upon the receptacle. Epiccelia (ep-e-se' -le-ah). See Epicele. Epicoma, Epicomus or Epicome (e-pik' -o-mah, e-pik'-o-mus, e-pik' -o-me) [htrl, upon ; Kii/x)?, hair]. A parasitic monstrosity having an accessory head united to the principal fetus by the summit. Epicondylar (ep-e-kon' -dil-ar) [em, upon ; kMvTm^, a condyle]. Relating to an epicondyle. Epicondyle (ep-e-kon'-dll) [im, upon ; KdvSvT^g, a condyle]. I. Any supracondylar eminence upon a bone, as the humerus. 2. Less correctly, the external condyle of the humerus. Epicondylo - cubitalis (ep-e-kon' -dil-o - ku-bit-a'-lis) \hvui6v(iv7iOq, an epicondyle ; cubitum, the elbow]. The anconeus muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Epicondylo-radialis (ep-e-kon' -dil-o-ra-de-a' -lis) [cs-i- Kbv&vkog, an epicondyle ; radius, the radius]. The supinator brevis muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Epicotyl (ep-e-kof -ii) \_M, on ; mTvXriSiyv, a cup-shaped hollow (cotyledon)]. In biology, the stem of a young plant between the cotyledons and the lowest true leaves. Epicranial (ep-e-kra'-ne-al) [etti, upon ; upavUm, the cranium]. Relating to the epicranium. Epicranium (ep-e-kra'-ne-um) [etti, upon ; Kpaviov, cranium]. The structures covering the cranium. Epicrisis (ep-e-kri' -sis) [kwinpieii, determination]. The phenomena of disease succeeding the crisis ; a sec- ondary crisis. EpicTUsis (ep-e-kru' -sis) [etti, upon; Kpoiimg, stroke]. I . Massage by strokes or blows ; percussion ; thera- peutic scourging. Epicyemate (ep-e-si-e' -mat) [ett/, upon; idjtum, an embryo]. In embryology, applied to that form of development in which the embryo remains outside and above the yolk-vesicle. It is characteristic of fishes and batrachians. Epicyesis (ep-e-si-e' -sis) [im, over; miieiv, to be preg- nant] . Superfetation . EPICYSTIC 433 EPIGLOTTIDITIS Epicystic {ep-e-sW -tik) [etti, upon ; nvmiq, bladder]. Suprapubic ; situated above the urinary bladder. Epicystitis {ep-e-sis-H' -tis) [em, upon ; KiiffTtf /bladder ; trtf, inflammation]. Inflammation of the tissues above the bladder. Epicystototnia (ep-e-sis-to-to' me-ah). Same as Epi- cystotomy. Epicystotomy {ep-e-sis-tot' -d-me) [etti, upon ; Kvang, a bladder; Ti/jveiv,to cut]. Suprapubic incision of the bladder. Epicyte [ep'-e-slt) [eir/, upon; /cdrof, cell]. The cell- wall or hyaline cuticle of cells. Epidemesis (ep-e-dem-e' -sis) leTri^^/ir/mg']. Same as £pidemia. Epidemia [ep-e-de'-me-ah^ lencdr/fiia, an epidemic]. Any epidemic disease, or epidemic of disease. E. puerorum. Synonym of Whooping-cough. Epidemic (ep-e-dem' -ik) {zTtl, upon ; Sfifiog, people] . A term applied to diseases that involve large numbers of persons, or spread over a wide area, in contra- distinction to Endemic. Epidemicity (ep-e-dem-is' -it-e) [ett/', upon ; dJj/Mg, a people]. The quality of being epidemic. Epidemiography {ep-e-de-me-og' -ra-fe) [cTriS^fnog, epidemic ; ypdfeiv, to write] . A description of epidemic diseases. Epidemiologic [ep-e-dem-e-o-lof -ik) \_k7n6i^/iu>;, epi- demic; /liiyof, science]. Relating to epidemiology. Epidemiology (ep-e-dem-e-ol' -o-je) [emSi/fuoc;, epidemic ; }iiyo(, science]. The science of epidemic diseases. Epidemy (ef-e-dem-e). See Epidemia. Epiderm (ep'-e-derm). See Epidermis. Epiderma (ep-e-der' -mah) [^kiri, upon ; Sipfia, skin : pi., Epidermatd]. Any abnormal outgrowth from the epidermis. Epidermal (ep-e-der'-mal) \im, upon ; dtp/ia, skin]. Relating to or composed of epiderm. Epidermatic, Epidermic (ep-e-der-mat'-ik, -der'-mik) \em, upon ; Sep/ia, skin] . Relating to the epidermis. E. Method, a method of administering medicinal substances by applying them to the skin. It is also called latraliptic method. > Epidermatoid [ep-e-der' -mat-oid^ [etj, upon ; &kpfm, skin ; eWof , likeness] . Resembling the epidermis. Epidermic (ep-e-der' -mik). Same as Epidermatic. E. Erythema. SeeAcrodynia. E. Globes. See Can- cer-nests. E. Grafting. See Severdin's Operation in Operations, Table of. E. Pearls. See Cell-nests. Epidermidomycosis (ep-e-der'-mid-o-mi-ko'-sis) [en-i- Sepjiiq, epiderm ; foiKriQ, fungus]. A disease due to the growth of parasitic fungi upon the skin. Epidermin {ep-e-der' -min) [km, upon ; Sip/m, skin]. A base for ointments prepared by melting one-half ounce of white wax in a warm mortar and triturating with this one-half ounce of powdered gum arable until a homogeneous paste is obtained. To this is added a boiling mixture of one-half ounce each of water and glycerin and the whole is stirred until cold. Epidermin, thus prepared, is a semi-fluid, creamy sub- stance, which, when exposed to the air in a thin layer, forms a strongly adherent, flexible pellicle or coating. When medicaments are to be added they are always previously rubbed up in glycerin. Epidermis (ep-e-der' -mis) [et^I, upon ; Sip/ia, the skin]. The outer layer of the skin. The scarf-skin, consist- ing of a layer of horny cells, that protects the true skin. It has neither blood-vessels nor nerve-filaments. E., Appendages of, a generic name for the hair, nails, etc. , growing from the epiderm. Epidermization (ep-e-der-miz-a'-shun) [muhpfiic:, epi- derm]. I. The formation of epiderm. 2. Skin- grafting. 28 Epidermolysis (ep-e-der-moV -is-is) [ETTidepjiiif, epiderm ; Awffff, separation]. Acantolysis bullosa ; Dermatitis bullosa; a rare skin-disease in which buUse form upon the slightest pressure. The disease shows itself in infancy, and occurs especially upon the hands and feet. The lesion begins as a red spot, which is itchy ; in two hours a bulla forms, enlarges, and then gradu- ally subsides, drying into a scale. It is most pro- nounced in summer. Epididymal, or Epididymic (ep-e-did' -em-al, -im-ik) [cTTt, upon; 6'i.dvp.oi, the testes]. Relating to the epididymis. Epididymis (ep-e-did' -im-is) [knl, upon ; diSvjWL, the testes]. The small body lying above the testes. The superior end is the globus major, the inferior, the globus minor. Epididymitis (ep-e-did-im-i'-tis) [emdiSv/iic, epididy- mis ; ms, inflammation]. Inflammation of the epi- didymis. Epidosis (e-pid'-o-sis) [eTrifJocif ] . Enlargement; in- crease ; exacerbation. Epidrome (e-pid'-ro-me) [_£irc3pop4, a running upon]. Active, or (more often) passive, congestion. Epidural (ep-e-du'-ral) [etti, upon; durus, hard]. Upon or over the dura. E. Space, the space outside the dura mater of the spinal cord and brain. EpifoUiculitis (ep-e-fol-ik-u-W -tis) \k-Ki, upon ; follictc- lus, a follicle; irig, inflammation]. Inflammation seated about the hair-follicles of the scalp. Epigamic (ep-e-gam'-ik) [kiri, upon; ya/wg, marriage]. In biology, applied to those bright tints and pattern? displayed by many animals during courtship. Cf Allepigamic. Epigaster (ep-e-gas' -ter\ [tiri, upon ; yaar^p, belly] The large intestine ; hmdgut. Epigastralgia (ep-e-gas-tral'-Je-ah) [inLydarpiov, epi' gastrium; a^yof, pain]. Pain in the epigastrium. Epigastric (ep-e-gas' -trik) [ett/, upon; yaariip, belly]. Relating to the epigastrium. E. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. Epigastrium (ep-e-gas' -tre-um) [ett/, upon ; yaoTi/p, stomach] . The upper and middle part of the abdom- inal surface ; the epigastric region. Epigastrius (ep-e-gas' -tre-us) [iiri, upon ; yaarfip, the stomach]. A form of double-monstrosity, in which one fetus in an undeveloped condition is contained within the epigastric region of the other. Epigea, or Epigxa (ep-e-je' -ah) [km, upon; yala, earth]. A genus of trailing ericaceous plants. E. repens, trailing arbutus of N. America, has valuable diuretic properties. See Trailing Arbutus. Epigeal (ep-e-je' -al) \_ewi, upon; yeia, yea, the earth]. In biology, growing on or out of the ground, or living near the surface of the ground. Epigenesis (ep-e-jen'-es-is) [etri, upon ; yiveaig, genera- tion]. In biology, the theory that holds the embryo to be the result of the union of the male and female elements, and the fully formed organism the result of a gradual process of differentiation, in distinction to the theory of encasement, preformation, or evolution, which held the embryo to preexist enfolded in a minute form within the germ. ^^igcnoMS (e-pij'-en-us) [em, upon ; }'£!'(??) produced]. In biology, growing upon the surface or upper side of a leaf or other part, as many fungi. Cf Epiphyllous. Epigeous (ep-e-je' -us) [em, upon; y^d, the earth]. In biology, growing on or near the ground. Same as Epiglottic (ep-e-glot'-ik) [ett^, upon ; yAurWc, glottis]. Relating to the epiglottis. E^iglottiditis (ep-e-glot-id-i' -tis) [ETriyAur/f, epiglottis ; tTif, inflammation]. Inflammation of the epiglottis. EPIGLOTTIS 434 EPINASTY Epiglottis (ep-e-glot'-is) \iv'i, upon ; ylioTTt^, glottis]. A thin fibro-cartilaginous valve that aids in preventing food and drink from passing into the larynx. Epiglottitis (ep-e-glot-i'-tis). See Epiglottiditis. Epignathous [e-pig' -na-thus) [etti, upon ; yv&doc, jaw]. In biology, hook-billed ; applied to birds in which the upper half of the beak overreaches the under half and is deflected over it. Epignathus {e-pig' -na-thus) leiri, upon; yvoBoQ, jaw]. A twin monstrosity in which the parasite is united to the superior maxillary bone of the autosite. Epigonium [ep-e-go'-ne-um) [ett/, upon ; yoi^, seed]. In biology, the old archegonium in mosses and Hepa- tica, after the capsule has developed. Epigynous (e-pi/ -in-us) [cTri, upon; ymii, a woman]. In biology, growing upon the ovary. Epihippic Fever {ep-e-hip' -ik) [kiri, upon; (ttttoc, horse]. See Fever. Epilation [ep-il-a' -shun) \e, out of; pilus, a hair]. The extraction of hair. Epilatorium [e-pil-at-o' -re-um) [L. ] . An application for permanently removing hair. Epilatory {e-pil' -at-o-re) \_e, out of; pilus, a hair]. I . Extracting the hairs ; depilatory. 2. An epilatorium. Epilemma (ep-e-lem'-ah) \_ml, upon; Mfijia, husk://., Epilemmata]. The neurilemma of very small branches or funiculi of nerve-filaments. Epilepsia (ep-e-lep' -se-ah ). See Epilepsy. E. cur- siva. See Epilepsy, Accelerative. E. gravis. See Grand mal. E. larvata. See Epilepsy, Masked. E. mitis. See Petit mal. E. saltatoria. Synonym of Chorea. E. vertiginosa, Petit mal, q. v. Epilepsy [ep' -il-ep-se) \iir'iXriij>L(, a laying hold of]. A nervous affection characterized by sudden loss of con- sciousness and power of coordination of motion with tonic and clonic convulsions, the paroxysms lasting but a short time. This form of the disease is the " true " affection, the haut mal or grand mal of the French. The petit mal [abortive epilepsy, epileptic vertigo^ is less severe, and may consist of only a slight loss of consciousness, with retained coordination ef motion. The so-called epileptiform seizure is a local- ized convulsion without loss of consciousness. See Epilepsy, Jacksonian. An epileptic seizure is often introduced by an aura, a peculiar sensation preceding ■ the spasmodic seizure, which is quickly followed by the characteristic epileptic cry. The origin of the epileptic attack is in all probability a powerful dis- charge of energy from the cortical cerebral cells. The disease is most common in females, and is influenced by heredity and age ; it is rare for it to occur after forty years of age. Traumatism and severe mental strain may act as exciting causes. E., Accelerative, Epilepsia cursiva ; epilepsy in which the patient runs before falling down in a fit. E., Acute Infantile, a name given to the eclampsia of infants. E., Cardiac, paroxysmal tachycardia. E., Cortical. See E., Jacksonian. E., Focal. See E., Jack- sonian. E., Jacksonian, spasmodic contractions in certain groups of muscles due to local disease of the cortex, always confined to one-half of the body and with retention of consciousness. E., Masked, E. larvata, the less severe form of true epilepsy, in which the patient does not fall. E., Partial, E., Jacksonian, q. v. E., Peripheral. Same as E., Jacksonian. E., Pleural. See Pleural. E., Procursive, there is propulsion of the body in some special direction. E., Reflex, due to some reflex neurosis. E. of the Retina, a temporary anemia of the retina occasionally observed during an epilepti- form seizure. E., Saturnine, epileptiform convulsions due to lead-poisoning. E., Sensory, Thalamic epilep- sy ; a form of epilepsy in which sensory disturbances predominate ; it is beUeved to be due to a lesion of the optic thalamus. E., Spinal, paroxysms of clonic spasm in the lower extremities sometimes observed in the course of spastic paraplegia. E. , Symptomatic. See E., Jacksonian. E., Thalamic. See E., Sensory. E., Toxic, that induced by toxic substances in the blood. Epileptic {ep-il-ep' -tik) [jkvllri'^i.i , a laying hold of]. Pertaining to or like epilepsy. Also one affected with epilepsy. E. Aura. See Aura. E. Cry, the vocal sound or cry in epilepsy, from laryngeal spasm. E. Equivalents, instead of the convulsive attacks in epi- lepsy there may from time to time be transient psychic disturbances that consist in states of either excitement or depression. These are the so-called epileptic equiv- alents. E. Hemiplegia, sometimes follows the fit, especially after unilateral convulsions. E. Interval, the period of time between the epileptic paroxysms. During this period there are in the majority of cases, if not in all, some abnormal manifestations, as disorders in the cardiac rhythm, irregularity in the pupils, and cerebral disorders. E. Mania, slight maniacal tendencies fol- lowing or taking the place of the fit. E. Seizure. See Epilepsy. E. State, a state of profound and sometimes comatose depression, with frequently recur- ring epileptic attacks, often speedily fatal. E. Ver- tigo, giddiness is a common sensation of epilepsy, but is erroneously applied to attacks of minor epilepsy. Epilepticism (ep-il-ep' -tis-izm) [mllrjifii^, a laying hold of]. The epileptic state, or status epilepticus. Epileptiform [ep-il-ep' -tif-orm) [siri'X^ilii^, a laying hold of; forma, form]. Resembling epilepsy in the symp- toms. E. Tic, a variety of facial neuralgia accom- panied by spasmodic movements of the face. This occurs in the degenerative period of life, and espe- cially in those who present a decided family history of insanity. Epileptiginous [ep-il-ep-tij' -in-us). ■ Same as Epilepto- genous. Epileptogenous [ep-il-ep-tof -en-us) [kirihiipii, epilepsy ; jEwav, to produce] . Producing epilepsy. E. Zone, Brown-Sequard's term for that portion of the skin of the face and neck of guinea-pigs which, if irritated after section of the spinal cord near the twelfth dorsal vertebra, will give rise in a short time to epileptiform convulsions. Epileptoid [ep-il-ep' -toid) \_kwiXri-^Lq, a laying hold of; eMof, likeness]. I. Resembling epilepsy. 2. A per- son subject to various nervous attacks of the general nature of epilepsy. Epilobium [ep-il-o' -be-uni) [ctj, upon ; TM^fiq, a pod, a lobe]. A genus of herbs including the willow-herb, a demulcent, tonic, and astringent drug. Epilose [ep'-il-os) \_e, priv. ; pilosus, hairy]. Without hair; bald. Epilymph [ep'-e-limf) [kiri, upon ; lympha, water]. The fluid between the bony and the membranous laby- rinths. Epimerite [ep-e-me' -rlt) [etti, upon ; /ir/p^s, thigh]. In biology, an anterior, deciduous, proboscis-like, pre- hensile organ, attached to the protomerite or anterior segment of a septate gregarine. Epimeron [ep-e-me' -ron) [E7r^,upon ; /J-vpii, thigl^]' ■'■" biology, one of the lateral pieces helping to form the pleuron, or a part of the segment of an arthropod, often giving attachment to the legs. Epimylis [e-pim' -il-is) {iirl, over; /ii/l)/, millstone]. The patella. Epinasty [ep' -e-nas-te) [kirl, upon ; vaard;, pressed close]. In biology, curvature produced by excessive growth on the upper side of an extended organ. EPINEPHRITIS 435 EPISIOHEMATOMA 'Epinephritis Up-e-nef-ri' -tis) \ini, upon ; vcippdg, kid- ney; jVir]. Inflammation of a supra-renal capsule. EpineuTal [ep-e-nu'-ral) [eni, upon; vevpov, a nerve]. In biology, applied to structures attached to a neural arch. Epineurium [ep-e-nu' -re-um) [iiri, upon ; vehpav, a nerve]. The nerve-sheath, or sheath of any of the larger fascicles of nerve-tissue. Epinyctis (ep-in-ik' -tis) [ctti, upon; raf, night]. A pustule appearing or becoming worse at night. Epiopticon (ep-e-op' -tik-ori) [etti, upon ; bvTiKdg, of see- ing]. In biology, a ganglionic swelling in the optic nerve of insects (Hickson). Epiotic (ep-e-ot'-ik) [em, above; oiif, ear]. Situated above or on the cartilage of the ear. Epipastic (ep-e-pas'-tik) [^tivnv&aaetv, to sprinkle]. De- signed to be sprinkled upon some surface ; sprinkled with . some substance ; applied to plasters sprinkled with some agent, as cantharides, used as a vesicant. Epipedometer (ep-e-pe-dom' -et-er) \kTt'uKtSa\> , surface ; fiirpm, measure]. An instrument for use in measur- ing various complex deformities of the body. Epipetalous (ep-e-peC -al-tts) [inl, upon ; Trcra/lov, leaf or petal]. In biology, applied to stamens or other structures when borne upon the petals. Epipharynx (ep-e-far' -inks) \t-K'L, upon ; (pdpvy^, pha- rynx]. In biology, the median projection on the internal surface of the upper lip of an insect. Epiphenomenon {ep-e-fe-nom' -en-on) \_ml, on ; ipai- vd/ievov, phenomenon : pi. , Epiphenotnen , caul ; SvTspov, intestine ; /cyA?/, hernia] . A hernia contain- ing both omentum and intestine. Epiploenterooscheocele (ep-ip-lo-en-ter-o-os'-ke-o-sll) [eTT^TT/loof , caul; Ivrspov, intestine; 5(T;};eov, scrotum; K^?i,r!, hernia]. Intestinal and omental hernia into the scrotum. Epiploic [ep-ip-lo' -i/i) [En'm2.eov, caul] . Relating or be- longing to the epiploon. Epiploischiocele (ep-ip-lois' -ke-o-sll) \imw7Lom, caul ; laxiov, hip; KfjlTj, hernia]. Omental hernia through the sciatic notch or foramen. Epiploitis (e-pip-lo-i' -tis) \k-K'm%omi, caul ; (Tif, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the omentum; omental peritonitis. Epiplomerocele (ep-ip-lo-mer' -o-sel) [eTrlirTiOov, caul; jj.tip6^, thigh; /c^A»?, hernia]. Femoral hernia contain- ing omentum. Epiplomphalocele (ep-ip-lom-fal' -o-sil) [eir'mhjov, caul ; 6|U^aWf, navel ; /ti^A!/, hernia]. Umbilical hernia with protruding omentum. Epiploon (e-pip' -lo-ofi) [ktvl, upon ; imUoQ, double : pi., Epiploa]. The great omentum. E., Gastro- colic, the great omentum. E., Gastro-hepatic, the lesser omentum. Epiploscheocele (ep-ip-los' -ke-o-sil) \i'K'm'koav, caul ; baxeov, scrotum; K^Tir!, hernia]. Omental hernia descending into the scrotum. Epipodite (e-pip' -o-dit) [cttj, upon; 7ro{if(7ro5-), foot]. A third appendage of the limb of a crustacean, artic- ulating with the coxopodite, and passing into the ■ branchial chamber ; it is also called the Jlabellum. Epipodium [ep-e-po' -de-uni) \_km, upon ; Troif (woS-) , foot]. In biology, one of the lateral appendages of the foot in certain molluscs, as the wing-like structures ofpteropods. Epipsyche {ep-is-i' -ke) [ettj, after ; "^x^t soul] . Ap- plied by Haeckel to the oblongata proper. Epipteric (ep-ip-ter' -ik) [cTt, upon ; nrepdv, a wing]. Situated over the alisphenoid. E. Bone. See jBone. Epipterous [e-pip' -ter-us) [em, upon; wrepSv, awing]. In biology, winged at the top ; applied to seeds. Epirrhizous {ep-e-ri' -zus) [em, upon ; pifo, root] . In biology, growing upon roots. Episcleral (ep-e-skle' -ral) [evri, upon; (SKkrip/)^, hard, sclerotic]. Situated on the outside of the sclerotic coat. Episcleritis [ep-e-skle-ri' -tis) [etti, upon ; aK'hip6Q, hard ; iTig, inflammation]. A localized inflammation of the subconjunctival tissues. Episeio- (ep-is'-e-o-). For words thus beginning, see Episio-. Episeioncus (ep-e-si-ong' -kus) [em'cjEMv, pubes ; iiy/cof, a mass]. A tumor in the pubic region, or of the labia. Episeitis (ep-iz-e-i'-iis). See Episioitis. Episematic (ep-e-sem-af -ik) [cTri, upon; a^/ia, a sign]. In biology, applied to that form of mimetic coloration which serves as a signal of recognition to other indi- viduals and thus enables them to escape ; as the white tail of the rabbit. (Poulton.) Episiocele [ep-e-si' -o-sel) [eTriaeiov, pubes ; Ky/iri, hernia]. Pudendal hernia; vulvar protrusion. Episioclisia [ep-e-si-o-klis' -e-ah) ikiricrewv, pubes ; K?ielaig, locking, closure]. Surgical closure of the vulva. Episiohematoma {ep-e-si-o-hem-at-o' -mah) [ett/otmi;, pubes ; dip.a, blood ; hp-a, tumor : pi. , Episiohemato- matd] . Hematoma of the vulva or pudenda. EPISIOITIS 436 EPIZOICIDE Episioitis (ep-e-si-o-i' -tis) [eir/fffiov, pubes ; vni, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the pudenda. Episioplasty {ep-e-si' -o-plas-te [^eiriaemv, pubes ; nXda- auv, to form]. A plastic operation upon the pubic region, or on the vulva. Kpislorrhagia (ep-e-si-or-a' -je-aK) [^tniaeiov, the pubes ; jyriyvhvai., to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the vulva. Episiorrhaphy (ep-e-d-or' -a-fe) l_emceiov, pubes ; pa^^, seam]. An operation for the cure of prolapsed uterus or procidentia uteri. Episiostenosis [ep-e-si-o-ste-no' -sis) [ETriffEiov, pubes ; arevdg, narrow]. Contraction or narrovifing of the vulva, whether surgical or pathologic. Episiotomy (ep-is-e-of -o-me) \en'iauov, vulva; tojoi, section]. Incision through the vulva in childbirth, to prevent rupture of the perineum and to facilitate labor. Epispadias (ep-e-spad'-e-as) [etti, above ; avauv, to pierce]. Abnormal opening of the urethra upon the upper part of the penis, either on the dorsum or on the glans. Epispasis (e-pis' -pas-is) [£!ri', upon ; amaiq, a drawing] . An eruption or skin-affection due to medical treat- ment ; a drug-exanthem. Epispastic [ep-e-spas'-tik) [oti, upon ; airiiaiQ, a draw- ing]. I. Rubefacient, or vesicatory. 2. A vesica- tory or substance producing a blister. Episperm ((?A'-^-.?^^?'w) [cTri, upon; ffTrep/ia, seed]. In biology, the outer seed-coat, also called the testa. Episplenitis (ep-e-splen-i' -tis) [eti, upon ; av')J]v, spleen ; iTu;, inflammation]. Inflammation of the fibrous coat of the spleen. Epistasis [e-pis^ -tas-is) [eTrt, upon; iffracr^a^, to stand] . A scum or film of substance floating on the surface of urine. Epistaxis {ep-is-taks' -is) [^ewiaT&^Eiv, to distil]. Hemor- rhage from the nose. Episternite (ep-e-ster' -nlf] [^eni, upon ; aripvov, breast- bone]. In biology, applied to the lateral pieces of the segment of an arthropod ; a pleurite ; specifically one of the valves of the ovipositor in orthopterous in- sects. Episternum {ep-e-ster' -num) [ettj, upon ; crepvov, breast-bone]. In biology, variously applied to desig- nate a part above or anterior to the sternum ; as the presternum of a mammal, the epiplastron of aturtle, or the anterior of the three pieces of the pleuron of an in- sect. Epistoma {e-pis' -to-mah) \i'Ki, upon; ardfia, mouth]. In biology, variously used to designate some part placed above, or anterior to the mouth, as the osseous portion of the metope or facies of a macrurous crusta- cean, that lies immediately in front of the oral aper- ture. Epistrophe (e-pis' -tro-fe) [en-/, upon ; arpk^uv, to turn]. In biology, applied to the arrangement assumed by chlorophyl-grains under the influence of light, on those surfaces of the cell-wall that are at right angles to the plane of incident light. Epistropheus {ep-is-tro'-feus, e-pis' -tro-phus) \eTnaTpo- ^eiif]. A synonym of the axis, or second cervical vertebra. Epithalline {ep-e■thal'-in)\^'Ki,^3.■^a■n. ; ffa?,X6g, a branch]. In biology, growing upon the thallus. Epitheca {ep-e-the' -kah\ [eiri, upon ; 67)07, a case] . In biology, a secondary calcareous investment ortegumen- taty secretion surrounding the theca of certain corals. Epithecium {ep-e-the' -se-uni) [etti, upon ; BijKr], a case]. In biology, the surface of the fruiting-disc in certain lichens and fungi. Epithelial {ep-e-the' -le-al) [etti, upon; Srikfi, a nipple]. Pertaining to epithelium ; made up of the elements of epithelium. E. Pearls. See Pearls. Epithelicell (^-^-/.4«''-/if-jrf) [em', upon; 67^!^, a nipple ; cella, a cell]. An epithelial cell. Epithelioid {ep-e-the' -le-oid) [etj, upon ; 6r{k7i, nipple ; cMof, likeness]. Resembling epithelium. Epithelioma (ep-e-the-le-o' -mah) [eirl, upon; S(?^^, nipple; 6|Ua, atumor: pL, Epitheliomata\. Carcinoma involving skin or mucous membrane. E. moUus- cum. Synonym of MoUuscum cotiiagiosum. Epithelium {ep-e-the' -le-um) \ivi, upon ; Qr(kii, nipple]. The cuticle or cellular-structure of mucous surfaces, and also of the skin of the body. E. chrotale, Ihe ectoderm. E., Ciliated, a form in which the cells bear vibratile filaments or cilia at their free extremities. E., Columnar, distinguished by prismatic-shaped or columnar cells. E., Nucleated, consisting of cir- cular or hexagonal cells, each containing a nucleus. Ciliated Cells. Columnar Cells. Goblet-cells. Squamous-cells. E., Pavement, or Cuboidal, cubical or polygonal cells covering the surface like the stones of a pave- ment. E., Squamous, the cells have been reduced to flattened, scaly plates. E., Stratified, the cells are arranged in distinct layers. E., Tessellated. Same as E., Pavement. E., Transitional, inter- mediate between simple and stratified. Epithem {ep'-ith-em) [^e7rl6?i/ia, a poultice : pi. , Epithem- ata"]. Any local application ; as a compress, fomen- tation, lotion, or poultice ; from this definition some writers exclude salves, plasters, and ointments. Epithema (ep-ith-e'-mah). See Epithem. Epithesis {e-pith'-es-is) [kmrShai, to lay on]. The surgical correction of deformed or crooked limbs. Epithyme (f/'-z'M-Zm) [£m,upon; Sii/iof, thyme]. The European plant, Cusctita epithymum, so called as grow- ing parasitically upon thyme ; it is said to be useful in melancholy, jaundice, and constipation. Epithymia {ep-e-thi' -me-ah) \ivSv\i'ia, longing]. Any natural longing or desire ; a yearning. Epitrichium {ep-e-trik' -e-urn) [etti, upon ; rpixim, hair]. A superficial cellular layer of epidermis, found in embryonic and fetal life. Epitrochlea {ep-e-trok' -le-ah) [etti, upon ; Tpox'^^^i * pulley]. The internal condyle of the humerus. Epixylous {e-piks' -il-us) [ettj, upon ; fiAov, wood]. In biology, applied to fungi or other plants that grow upon wood. Epizoicide (ep-e-ao' -is-id) [etti, upon ; C,(mi, an animal ; credere, to kill]. A drug or preparation that destroys external parasites. ., ;,'.^-^^>,. EPIZOON 437 ERECTION Epizoon (ep-e-zo' -ori) [etti, upon ; f^ov, an animal : //. , Epiwa\. An animal living as a parasite upon another ; an external parasite, as distinguished from an Entozoon. Epizootic (ep-e-zo-of -iK) [ctt*, upon; f^oi), animal]. I. Affecting the lower animals epidemically. 2. Acon- tagious,or generally prevalent disease affecting animals. Epizobty [ep-e-zo'-o-te) [ejri, upon ; C^ov, animal]. An epizootic disease. Kponychium (ep-o-nik' -e-uni) [£7ri, upon ; 6in)f, finger- nail]. A homy condition of the epidermis from the second to the eighth month of fetal life, indicating the position of the future nail. Eponym [ep'-o-nim) [in(dWiJ,og, named after a person] . A term derived from the name of a person. See Table of Eponymic Diseases, under Disease. Epoophorectomy (ep-o-o-for-ek'-to-me') [^kjruSfopov, epoophoron ; eKTO/j.^, excision]. Surgical removal of the epoophoron. Epoophoron {ep-o-off'-or-on) [em, upon; ^oipdpog, lay- ing eggs] . Same as Parovarium. Epostotna (ep-os-lo^ -rnaK) \i.'rtl, upon ; bariov, bone]. An exostosis. Epsilon-bacUlus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Epsom Salts (ep'-sum). See Magnesium. Epstein's Dressing. A method of dressing the um- bilical cord. It consists of the ordinary linen quad- rangular belly-plastron with a central cap-like recepta- cle for the umbilical stump. Epulis {ep-ti'-lis) \lKi, upon ; civka, the gums]. A hard, fibrous tumor of the alveolar processes of the jaws. Epulosis (ep-u-lo' -sis) [eTroii^uffif : £7r(, upon ; mkii, scar] . Cicatrization ; a cicatrix. Epulotic (ep-u-lof -ik ) [em, upon ; omKi), scar]. 1. Promoting epulosis or cicatrization. 2. A remedy or application that promotes the healing of wounds or sores. Equation {e-kwa' -zhun) \iequare, to make equal]. In chemistry, a collection of symbols so arranged as to indicate that if the bodies represented by the symbols be brought together a chemic reaction will take place. E., Personal-, an allowance for individual peculiarity or error in an observer's work, in order to render it approximately accurate. Equator (e-kwa' -tor) \cEquare, to make equal]. An imaginary circle surrounding a sphere. E. of a cell, the boundary of the plane through which division takes place. E. of the eye, the aquator oculi ; the boundary of the transverse and central vertical plane of the eye. E. of a Lens, the angular edge at the meeting of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lens. Equatorial {e-kwa-tor' -e-al) [square, to make equal]. Pertaining or belonging to an equator. E. Plate. See Karyokinesis and Plate. Equilibration {e-que-lib-ra' -shun) [tsquilibrare, to bal- ance equally]. Equipoise ; even balance. Equilibrism (e-quil' -ib-rizm) \cBquilibris , evenly bal- anced]. The opinion that every voluntary act may be counteracted by an opposing inhibitory volition. Equilibrium {e-kwe-lib'-re-um) \cequus, equal; libro, balance]. An even balancing of a body or condition. E., Stable, when, after slight disturbance, the body will return to its original condition or position. E., Unstable, when it will not so return. Equination (e-kwin-a' -shun) {equinus, of a horse]. I. Inoculation with the virus of equine smallpox. 2. Inoculation with the virus of equinia. Equinia (e-kwin' -e-ah) \equus, a horse]. Glanders. Farcy. A contagious, specific disease, with bothlocal and general symptoms, derived from the horse or ass. It affects chiefly the skin, mucous membranes and lymphatics, and begins with a purulent nasal discharge, the respiratory, ocular and oral membranes being fur- ther successively involved. It is of microbic origin. See Bacillus mallei, in Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Equinist (ek' -kwin-ist) \_equus, a horse]. One who be- lieves in the equine origin of a disease, c. g., of tetanus. Equipollent (e-kwip'-o-leni) \cEquus, equal ; pollere, to be strong]. Of equal power or efficiency; said, for example, of opposing muscles, or of parents in their influence upon offspring. Equisetum lek-wis-e'-tum) [equus, a horse ; sala, bris- tle]. A genus of cryptogamous plants ; the horse- tails, or scouring rushes. E. hiemah and E. palustre, of Europe and N. America, are reputed to be effective and harmless diuretics. Equitant {ek'-wit-ani^ [equitare, to ride]. In biology, literally, riding. Applied to leaves, like those of the iris, which are vertical and folded lengthwise, so that each leaf, toward the base, overlaps or straddles the next ; also applied to the longitudinally folded anten- nae of certain insects. Equivalence, Equivalency (e-kwiv'-al-ens, e-quiv'-al- en-se) \cequus, equal ; valere, to be worth]. Equality of valence or saturating-power. See Valence. In chemistry, the property possessed by an element or radical of combining with another element or radical or of replacing it in a compound body in definite and unalterable proportions. It is sometimes used as synb- nymous with valence or quantivalence. Equivalent (e-kwiv' -al-ent) \cequus, equal ; valere, to be worth]. Of equal valency. E. Focus. See Focus. Equivocal {e-kwiv' -o-kal) [^cequus,eqvLaX ; vox, sound]. Of doubtful significance, as equivocal symptoms. Eradication {e-rad-ik-a' -shun) \e, out ; radicare, to root] . Complete or thorough removal. Eradiculose (e-rad-ik' -u-los) \e, priv. ; radicula, a rootlet]. In biology, destitute of rootlets or rhizoids. Erasene (er'-as-en) [eradere, to scratch out ; from the power of erasing grease-spots]. A trade-name for California abietene. See Abietene. Erasion (e-ra'-zhun) \e, out; radere, to scrape]. The act of scraping or cureting. Erb's Point. See Point. E. Reaction of degener- ation. Deviation from the normal formula of muscu- lar response to galvanism. E. " Upper-arm tjrpe " of palsy. A myotrophy characterized by paralysis of the deltoid and often of the supraspinatus and infra- spinatus, the biceps, brachialis anticus, and the supin- ators. See Diseases, Table of. Erbium {ur'-be-um) [L.]. A rare element; symbol Er. See Elements, Table of. Erdmann's Test. See Tests, Table of. Erdmann and Uslar V Test. See Tests, Table of. Erect [e-rekf) [erectus, set up]. Upright; in the state of erection. E. Posture. See Postures, Table of. Erecthites {e-rek-thi' -tlz) [kpExSi-Tr/g , groundsel]. A genus of composite plants. E. hieracifolia. Fire- weed ; a. coarse composite-flowered plant common in waste-lands in N. America ; it is astringent and tonic. Unof. Erectile {e-rek'-til) [erigere, to set up] . Pertaining to or possessing the characteristic stiffening, rigidity, or erection. E. Glossitis. See Glossitis, Parenchy- matous. E. Tissue, that which is capable of erection ; consisting of a network of expansile capillaries that under stimulus becomes engorged with blood. Erection (e-rek' -shun) [««;?■?«, to set up]. The con- dition of temporary and functional fulness and firm- ness of the penis, clitoris, etc., due to sexual excite- ment, friction, etc., the mechanism consisting in an overfilling of the blood-vessels with inhibition of the ERECTOPATENT 438 ERODENT return circulation. E.-center. See Center. E., Persistent. Synonym of Priapism, q. v. Erectopatent {e-rek-to-pa' -teni) \erectus, erect; patens, spreading]. In biology, intermediate between erect and spreading, as the fore-wings of a butterfly in repose. Erector {e-rek'-tor) \erigere, to erect]. Any muscle, the function of which it is to erect or elevate a part. See Muscles, Table of. E. pili, the unstriped mus- cular fibers causing the erection of the hair and the phenomenon called goose-flesh or goose-skin. Eremacausis (er-em-ak-aw' -sis') \ripe.fM, slowly ; Kati- (T(f, burning]. Slow oxidation or gradual decay, without combustion. Eremoblast (er-e' -mo-blast) [kp^/iog, solitary ; ^TMardg, a germ, sprout]. A unicellular plant. Eremophobia ( er-em-o-fo' -be-ah ) \_^pfiiioQ, desolate ; 0ii/3of , fear]. The same as Agoraphobia, q. i'. Erethin (er'-e-thin) [epsBi^eiv, to irritate] . The name given by Klebs to that constituent of tuberculin which occasions fever. Erethism {er'-e-thizm), Erethismus (er-e-thiz' -mus) [epe6iaft6c, irritation]. An abnormal heightening of nervous irritability. E. ebriosorum. Synonym of Delirium tremens. E. hydrophobia. Synonym of Hydrophobia. E. tropicus. See Insolation. Erethismal {er-e-thiz' -mal) [epedia/idg, irritation]. Of the nature of an erethism. Erethistnic (er-e-thiz' -mik) , or Erethistic (er-e-this' -tik) [kpeBiafi.6q , irritation]. Relating to, or affected with, erethism. Erg [_epyov, work]. See Klectric Units. Ergasiomania {ur-gas-e-o-ma' -ne-ah) \ipyaaia, work ; fimiia, madness]. Mania for performing operations. Ergasiophobia (ur-gas-e-o-fo' -be-ah) \ipyaa'ia, work ; (jiolSog, fear]. Timidity in operatmg. A dread of operations. Ergogenesis (ur-go-jen' -es-is) \ipyov, work ; yheaiQ, production]. Same as Ergogeny. Ergogenetic {ur-go-gen-ef -i/t) [ipym, work ; yheaiQ, production]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, er- gogeny. Ergogeny {ur-goj' -en-e) \ipyov, work ; ykveaiq, produc- tion]. In biology, the energy, both potential and kinetic, involved in the adaptive processes of living organisms ; it includes both kinetogeny and statogeny (Ryder). Ergograph {ur' -go-graf) \ipyov, work ; ypdfeiv, to write]. A recording ergometer. An instrument for recording the extent of movement produced by a con- tracting muscle, or the amount of work it is capable of doing. Ergometer (ur-gom'-et-er) ^Ipyov, work ; fitTpmi, meas- ure]. A variety of dynamometer. Ergostat [ur' -go-stat) [kpyov, work; lardvai, to stand]. An apparatus for testing muscular strength. Ergot, or Ergota [ur'-got, or ur-go'-tah) [Fr. , ergot, a spur ; gen. , Ergotce\ . I . In farriery, the homy stub below the pastern joint, hidden by the fetlock of the horse. 2. The hippocampus minor. 3. A fungus, Claviceps purpurea, parasitic upon rye. It contains sphacelinic acid, ergotinic acid, and cornutin, to which its properties are due. It is a powerful excito-motor, hemostatic, and gastro-intestinal irritant, but is used most frequently to promote uterine contraction in childbirth. It is valuable internally in amenorrhea and atonic spermatorrhea ; topically in gonorrhea, conjunctivitis and inflammations of mucous mem- branes. Its effects are most prompt by hypo- dermatic injection. Dose gr. x-gj. E., Ext., Fid., prepared with dilute hydrochloric acid, alcohol, and water. Dose .^ss-ij. E., Ext., Liquid (B. P.). DosetT\,x-xxx. E., Ext.,— Ergotin. Dose gr. ij-xx, hypodermatically gr. }i~-i. E., Infus. (B. P.). Dose g j-ij. Injectio Ergotinae Hypodermica (B. P.), ergotin l, camphor-water, 2. Dose subcutaneously TTLiij-x. E., Tinctura (B. P.). Dose rr\,x-3j. E., Vinum, 15 per cent. Dose 3J-3J- Sclerotinic Acid, thought to be identical with ergotinic acid. 'E.x%o\.\y\ (ur' -go-tin) [Fr., f^j-o/, a spur]. I. A precip- itate or extract prepared from the tincture of Secale cereale ; it is an emmenagogue, and parturient. Dose tV '° \ g™'"> repeated as may be needed. Unof The name is applied in commerce to many different preparations of ergot ; often to the extractum ergots, U. S. P. 2. CjqHjjNjOj. An amorphous, brown alkaloid found in ergot. It is probably the same as ecbolin. Ergotinin {ur-gof -in-in) [Fr., «-^o^, a spur], CgjHj,- NjOg. An alkaloid from ergot of rye, occurring in white needles ; it is eflfective in hemorrhage, in erysip- elas, and in certain brain-affections. For hypoder- matic injection, -^^ to ^Jj gr. is used, dissolved in lactic acid and water. Ergotism (ur' -got-izm) [Fr. , ergot, a spur] . The con- stitutional effects of overdoses of ergot or of the per- sistent use of food containing ergot. These are mani- fested by severe cramps, chiefly in the muscles of the leg, ending in tonic contraction of these muscles — the spasmodic form ; and secondly by gangrene of the ex- tremities — t\i& gangrenous form. The symptoms may be acute or chronic. See Pellagra. Ergotol (ur'-got-ol) [Fr. , ergot, a spur]. A proprietary liquid preparation of ergot, recommended for hypo- dermatic injection. Ergten (erg' -ten) \ipyov, work]. See Electric Units. Erianthous (er-e-an' -thus) [ipiav, wool ; avdo^, flower] . In biology, woolly-flowered. Erichsen's Disease. See Diseases, Eponymic Table of. E. Operation. See Operations, Table of. Ericolin (er-ik' -o-lin) \kpe'uai, heath], CjjHgjOj,. A substance found in Uva ursi. It is an amorphous, yellowish glucosid with a bitter taste, yielding with diluted acids sugar and an essential oil — ursone. Erigeron (er-ij'-er-on) [i/piyepav, groundsel: gen., Erigerontis']. Fleabane. The plant E. canadense, having physiologic actions like those of oil of turpen- tine, but less irritant. It is efficient as a hemostatic in raenorrhagia. E. bellidifolium and E. philadel- phicum afford similar oils, and have the same proper- ties. E., 01., the essential volatile oil of erigeron. Dose tr\^x-g ss. Unof. Eringo (er-ing'-o). See Eryngo. Eriodictyon {er-e-o-dik' -te-on) [kpiov, wool ; diKTvm, a net]. Verba Santa or Mountain - balm. The leaves of E. glutinosum, a shrub of California, an excellent expectorant, and valuable as an excipient for quinin, the taste of which it largely conceals. It is useful in bronchial affections. E., Ext. Fid. Dose TTLxv-gj. E., Ext. Dose gr. ij-x. E. tomentosum and E. angustifolium have the same uses. The latter are unofficial. Eriophorous (er-e-off ' -or-us) \i.pmv, wool ; ^kpuv, to bear]. In biology, wool-bearing. Eriophyllous (er-e-off ' -il-us) \ipmv, wool ; ^vkViv, a leaf]. In biology, woolly-leaved. Erlangen Blue. Same as Berlin Blue. Erlau Green. Same as Bremen Green. Erlicki's Fluid. A hardening-fluid used especially for tissues of the central nervous system. It consists of potassium bichromate, 2.5 parts ; cupric sulphate, 0.5 parts ; water, 100 parts. 'KxQ&f^\'i(e-ro'-dent)\e, out; ro(/i?«, tognaw]. I. Caus- tic; causing erosion. 2. A caustic application or agent. EROGENIC 439 ERYTHEMA Erogenic, or Erogenous (er-o-jen'-ik or er-of -en-us) [ipuf, love ; yemiav, to produce]. Producing or stimulating the sexual appetite. Eromania [er-o-ma' -ne-aK). See Erotomania. Erose (e-ros') \_erodere, to gnaw off]. In biology, irregularly toothed, as if gnawed. Erosion {e-ro'-zhim) [erosio ; erodere, to eat out]. Disintegration of tissue by mechanical, chemic, or morbid action. E. of the Cervix, an ulcerated condition of the neck of the: womb resulting from chronic endometritis. It is also called ulceration or granular degeneration of the cervix. Erostrate {e-ros'-trat) [e, priv ; rostrum, a beak]. In biology, not beaked. ^loiia. [e-ro' -she-ah) [L.]. A genus of composite-flow- ered plants. E. lanata, white sage or winter-fat ; a composite-flowered forage-plant of the Western U. S. ; valued locally in intermittent fevers. Unof Erotic (er-of -ik) [epuf, love]. Pertaining to the sex- ual passion. Eroticism {er-ot' -is-izm) [Ipag, love]. An erotic disposition ; erotic display ; tendency to erotomania. Eroticomania {er-o-tik-o-ma'-ne-ah) [ipariKd^, loving; fiavia, madness]. Same as Erotomania. Erotocism {er-of -o-sisSm). Same as Erotomania, q. v. Erotomania [er-ot-o-ma' -ne-ah) [£p -je-aK) [oiffo^dyof, esophagus; firfyvhvai, to break forth]. Hemorrhage from the esophagus. Esophagoscope (e-sofaj'-o-skop) [oiao^dyof, esoph- agus; ff/coTreii', to view]. An instrument for examin- ing the interior of the esophagus by artificial light. Esophagoscopy (e-sof-aj-os' -ko-pe) [olao'^a.yo^, esoph- agus ; (T/cojrriv, to view]. Examination of the interior of the esophagus. Esophagospasm (e-sof'-aj-o-spa%m). See Esophagis- mus. Esophagostenosis [e-sofaj-o-ste-no' -sis) [oicro^dyof, esophagus; oTCTumc, constriction]. Cbnstriction of the esophagus. Esophagostomy (e-sof-aj-os' -to-mc) [oJiro^d/of, esoph- agus; ard/ia, mouth]. The formation of an artificial opening in the esophagus. Esophagotome (e-sof-aj' -o-tdni) [oiuo^dyof, esophagus ; ri/iveiv, to cut]. An instrument devised for cutting into the esophagus. Esophagotomy [e-sof-aj-ot' -o-me) [oiiro^dyof, esoph- agus; ro\iii, a cutting]. Opening of the esophagus by an external incision. Esophagus {e-sof ' -ag-us) \^kpuv, olanv, to carry ; i^a- ysiv, to eat]. The gullet. The musculo-membranous canal, about nine inches in length, extending from the pharynx to the stomach. ESOPHORIA 443 Esophoria (es-o-fo' -re-afi) \iau, inward; i^opuv, to bear]. See Heterophoria. Esorhinus («-o?--2»'-aj) [rfau, within; /!n'f, nose]. Lis- sauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the lines running from the premaxillary point and the incisive foramen to the naso-frontal point is between 0° and 20°. Esoteric (e-so-ler' -ik) [taoTEpdQ, within ; eauTEpiKdc, se- cret, mysterious] . Arising within the organism. Esotropia {e-so-tro' -fe-ah) \i(!u, inward ; rpmuv, to turn]. Convergent strabismus. See Strabismus. Essence {«'-f«j-) \_essentia , f:?,i,tnc&\. I. That quality of a thing giving it peculiarity of power. 2. The pe- culiar quaUties of a drug extracted and reduced to a small compass. 3. A solution of an essential oil in alcohol. Essential [es-en' -shal) [essentia, essence]. Pertaining to the essence of a subst&nce. Pertaining to the pecu- liar and distinctive characteristic of a disease. E. Oils ; the essential or volatile oils [attars) are found extensively distributed throughout the vegetable king- dom. They occur in almost all parts of the plants except the cotyledons of the seeds. They impart the peculiar and characteristic odors to the plants, furnish the perfumes, spices, and aromatics, and many of them possess valuable medicinal properties. Chemically, essential oils are often divi- ded roughly into three classes, — oils com- posed of hydrocarbons only, oils contain- ing hydrocarbons mixed with oxygenated products, and oils containing sulphur compounds. A more exact, but still quite general, chemic division is the following : I . Oils consisting chiefly of terpenes (CjjH],,) and oxidized products allied thereto ; exam- ples, oil of turpentine, oil of lemon, oil of camphor. 2. Oils consisting chiefly of cedrenes (CjjHj^) and oxidized products allied thereto; examples, oil of cedar, oil of cubebs, oil of cloves. 3. Oils consisting chiefly of aromatic aldehyds and allied bodies ; exam- ples, oil of bitter almonds, oil of cinnamon. 4. Oils consisting chiefly of ethereal salts. These may be either (a) oxygen salts, as in oil of wintergreen, or {b) sulphur salts, as in oil of mustard, oil of garlic. E. Paralysis, paralysis without characteristic anatomic lesions. Ester {es-ter") . Any compound ether in ^hich both an alcohol radical and an acid radical are present. E. Halogen, a derivative of the alcohols, obtained by heating them with the hydrogen haloids, or with the halogen derivatives of phosphorus. E. Haloid, also called alkylogen ; any product of the action of the halogen hydrid on the alcohols. The haloid esters are perfectly analogous to the true esters produced by the action of alcohols and oxygen acids. Esthacyte [es' -thas-lt) [aladdveaBai, to perceive ; kvtuq, a cell]. In biology, one of the sense-cells of a sponge, granular, spindle-shaped, bearing palpocils. Esthematology [es-them-at-ol' -o-je) [alaBr/fia, a percep- tion; Wyof, science]. The science of the sensations and of the sense-apparatus. Esthesia {es-the'-ze-ah)[ala6ricig, sensation]. I. Capacity of perception ; feeling, or sensation. 2. Any nervous disease that affects the senses or perceptions. Esthesin (es' -thes-in) [aiadriaig, sensibility], CjjHgg- NO3. A feebly basic body, said by Thudichum to be obtainable from brain-tissue. Esthesiodermia ies-the-ze-o-der' -me-aK) [alaBr/aig, sen- sation ; Scpfta, skin]. An affection of the skin with disturbance of the sensory function, which may be decreased, increased, or abolished. ESTLANDER'S METHOD Bsthesiogen (es-tke' -ze-o-jen) [claBijaig, sensation ; jevvav, to produce]. Any material, as a metal, which in certain states of the body appears to have a specific effect upon the sensibility of the patient. Esthesiogenic [es-the-ze-o-jen' -ik) [olaBriaiQ, sensation ; ■ysvvav, to produce]. Relating to the production of sensations. Esthesiogeny [es-the-ze-of -en-e) \aXa6riaii, sensation ; ytvvav, to produce]. The production of altered or perverted sensations. Esthesiography [es-the-ze-og' -ra-fe) laladtjmg, sensa tion; yp&^eiv, to write]. A description of the organs of sensation and perception. Esthesiology [es-the-ze-ol' -o-je) [aliaOriaLQ, a feeling ; Aiiyof, science]. A treatise on, or the science of, the senses. Esthesiomania [es-the-ze-o-ma' -ne-ah) \_alaQriavq, feel- ing ; jiav'ia, madness]. Insanity marked by perverted moral feeling and by purposeless eccentricities. Esthesiometer {es-the-ze-om' -et-er) [alaBriciQ, sensation ; /lirpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring tactile sensibility. ^ r-rr- EsTHESioMETER OF SiEVEKiNG. {JFrom Aitkin.) Esthesiometry {es-the-ze-om' -et-re) [alaBr/aig, sensation ; fitrpov, measure]. The measurement or estimation of tactile sensibility. Ksthesioneurosis (es-the-se-o-nu-ro' -sis) [a'iaBtjaig, per- ception ; vevpov, nerve]. Any nervous disease in which there are disorders of sensation. Esthesis (es-the'-sis) [(uaBrjaiQ, sensation]. Sensibility; sense-perception ; a feeling or sense-impression. Esthesodic (es-the-sod' -ik) [oXaBriaiq, sensation ; 6(5i5f, a way] . Serving to convey sense-impressions, as to the brain. Esthetophore [es-thet' -o-for) [_ala8i}T6;, sensible ; (jiipeiv, to bear]. In biology, the hypothetic physical basis of consciousness (Cope). Esthiomene (es-the-om'-en-e) [eoBtofihri, eating]. Lu- pus exedens ; lupus of the vulva ; a very rare and chronic disease commencing during the menstrual period. It is a form of ulceration accompanied by fibrous overgrowths of the surrounding and adjacent tissues. It produces hard, cicatricial tissue on healing. There is a process of imperceptible disintegration of the tissues, but no sloughing. Death may result from hemorrhage or perforation into the peritoneal cavity or bladder. Esthiomenous (es-the-om' -en-us) [eaBw/iEVJ!, eating]. Corroding; phagedenic. Esthophysiology {es-tho-fiz-e-ol' -o-je) [cCiaBifcsiq, sensa- tion; ^{iffif,- nature ; /l.(5yof, science]. The physiology of sensation and of the sense-apparatus. Estival (es'-tiv-al) \cestas, summer]. In biology, pro- duced in summer. Estivation {es-tiv-a' -shun) [astivare, to pass the sum- mer]. In biology, (3) the dormant condition of certain plants and, animals during the summer; [b) the arrangement of the floral organs in the bud. Estlander's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. E. Operation. See Operations, Table of. ESTROMANIA 444 ETHICS Estromania {es-tro-ma' -ne-ah) [oiffrpof, gad-fly ; lust ; aavia, madness] . Same as Nymphomania. Estrual (es'-iru-al) [olcTpoi, gad-fly]. Pertaining to estruation. Estruation (es-tru-a' -shun) [oZffrpof, gad-fly]. The condition of being under tlie influence of intense sexual passion. Estrum, Estrus (es'-trum, es-trta) \oiaTpoq, gad-fly]. Any vehement passion or desire ; the sensation in ani- mals occurring at the crisis of coition. The orgasm. Estuarium {es-tu-a'-re-um) [cestus, heat]. A vapor- bath. Also a stove designed to apply warm, dry air to all parts of the body at the same time. Estuation (est-u-a' -shun) {izstuatin, heat]. Heat; boiling ; fever ; a heated state. Esjrpus [es'-ip-us) [oiamog]. The yolk or suint of wool. See Suint. Ethal (e'-thal) \ather, the upper air], CigHj^OH. Cetyl alcohol ; a substance separated from spermaceti by Chevreul, and named by him. It is a solid, fusible at nearly the same point as spermaceti, and on cooling crystallizes in plates. It is susceptible of union with various bases, with which it forms salts or soaps. Ethaldehyd [eth-al'-de-hld). See Acetaldehyd. Ethane (i?A4'-aK) [«;'/^ff-, the upper air]. Paraffin; any one of the products of the dry distillation of wood, turf, bituminous shales, lignite, and bituminous coal, and other coals rich in hydrogen. The ethanes are thus present in illuminating gas and the light tar-oils. Petroleiuu contains them already formed. The lowest members, up to butane, are gases at ordinary temper- atures, soluble in alcohol and ether. The intermediate members form colorless liquids of faint, characteristic odor, insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol and ether. The higher members are crystalline solids (par- affins), soluble in alcohol, and more readily in ether. The specific gravities of the liquid and solid hydro- carbons increase with the molecular weights, but they are always less than the specific gravity of water. The boiling-points, too, rise with the molecular weights. The isomerids of normal structure possess the highest boiling-points ; the lowest are those of the quaternary hydrocarbons. (For Table of Ethanes see under Hy- drocarbons.) Ethene (e'-theri). Same as Ethylene. E. Chlorid. See Anesthetic. Ether (e'-ther) [ather; aidrjp, the upper air]. I. The tenuous subtle fluid filling space and interpenetrating all bodies ; the medium of transmission of the vibratory activities called light, heat, electricity, and magnetism. 2. A thin, colorless, volatile, and highly inflammable liquid ; in composition a di-ethylic oxid (CjHj)^©, known also as ethylic ether. It is used mainly as a sol- vent for fats and oils, and as an anesthetic. Internally it is anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and narcotic. Inhaled it is an anesthetic, and a cardiac stimulant in toxic doses, paralyzing the respiratory centers. See also Anesthetic. The term is used also to designate a large class of organic compounds. See Table an- nexed. E., Acetic, has properties like those of ethylic ether. DoseTT\,x-2J. E., Commercial, con- tains 94 per cent, of ether. It is unfit for use except as a solvent. E. fortior, should contain 94 per cent, of ethylic oxid. DoseTTLx-gj. E., Hydriodici, unof. Dose for inhalation rT\, xv. E., Hydrobromic, unof. Dose trLx-_:5J. E. Oleum, contains equal parts of ether and heavy oil of wine. E., Spt.,of, ether 32.5 and alcohol 67.5. E., Comp. Spt. of, Hoffman's ano- dyne. Ether 32.5, alcohol 65, ethereal oil 2.5 percent. Dose ir^v-gj. E. nitrous. Spirit, sweet spirit of niter, a solution of ethyl nitrite in alcohol. Dose 3 ss- Jss. There is also a large class of mainly volatile compounds known as ethers which are products of the union of two monovalent alcohol radicals through the agency of an oxygen atom. They are the oxids of the alcohol radicals, and are neutral, volatile bodies, nearly insoluble in water. The lowest members are liquid; the highest are solids. E.-acids, the so- called neutral esters. They are not volatile ; are sol- uble in water, and yield bases with salts. E.-drink- ing, E.-intoxication, a form of tippling somewhat common in some parts of Ireland. Thus taken, ether is similar in effects to alcohol, but more rapid in action, and its use is attended with profound moral degeneration. E., Mixed, ether containing different alcohol radicals. E., Simple, ether containing two similar alcohol radicals. TABLE OF ETHERS. Of the Fatty Compounds. Name. Formula. < 2 S3 9 < 0. u SP u)0 Methyl, . . . (CH3)20 Gas, nor- mally. Li- quid at -23° c. Ethyl, .... (C2H6)20 Liquid. 35° 0.736 at 0°. Propyl, . . . (CsH,)iiO Liquid. 60-62° Butyl, . . . (C,H9)aO Amyl (CsHuj^O Liquid. 176° 0.779. Cetyl {CieHsaJaO Solid. 300° Vinyl, (CzHsljO 39° Allyl (CsHehO 85° Vinyl ethyl, . C2H3 C2H5 Liquid. 35.5° Ally! ethyl, . CsHs.O.CaHs Liquid. 66° Ethereal (e-the' -re-al) [csther, the upper air]. Per- taining to the ether or to ether. Ethereomania [e-the-re-o-ma' -ne-ah) \cether, ether; fiavia, madness]. The mania for drinking ether; ether-intoxication . Ethereomaniac (e-the-re-o-ma' -ne-ak ) \cether, ether ; fiavia, madness]. One who is addicted to the use of ether as a stimulant. Etherify (e'-ther-if-i) \ifther, ether ; facere, to make]. To convert into ether. Etherism {e'-ther-izm)\cether, ether]. The phenomena produced upon the animal economy by the administra- tion of ether. Etherization [e-ther^iz-a' -shun) \icther, ether]. The administration of ether to produce anesthesia. This is effected by inhalation of the vapor. Etheromania (e-ther-o-ma' -ne-ah) [ather, ether ; luivia, madness]. See Ethereomania. Ethics {eth'-iks) [^fticdf, moral] . The science of human feelings, thoughts, and actions relating to duty or ETHIDENE 445 EUCALYPTOL morality. E., Medical, the duties a physician owes to himself, his profession and his fellow-men. Ethidene [eth' -id-sn) (ccther, ether], C^H^. Ethyli- dene ; a bivalent radicle. E. Chlorid, or Dichlorid, a colorless, transparent, oily fluid, tasting and smelling like chloroform, with a specific gravity of 1.174 at 17° C. , and boiling at 60° C. It is prepared from alde- hyd by acting upon it with pentachlorid of phos- phorus ; it is also formed as a bye-product in the pre- paration of chloral, and is separated by distillation and subsequent fractionation. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and oils. It is less inflammable than chloroform, but rapidly decomposes. It has been used as a general anes- thetic. See Anesthetic. E. Diethylate. See Acetal. Ethiopification (e-the-op-if-ik-a'-shun) [alBioij/, an JEthiopian; /acere, to make]. A darkening of the skin such as sometimes results from the misuse of mercurial, silver, or arsenical remedies. Ethmocephalus (eth-mo-sef ' -al-us) \rfijwq, ethmoid; itit^Xil, head] . A variety of single autositic monsters of the species cyclocephalus, in which there is a repre- sentative of the nose in the shape of a proboscis terminating anteriorly in two imperfect nostrils or in a single opening. There are two eyes and two eye- sockets. Ethmocranial {eth-mo-kra'-ne-al) [rjBii6(, ethmoid; Kpaviov, skull]. Relating to the ethmoid and to- the rest of the cranium. Ethmofrontal (eth-mo-frun' -taV) [r/d/iSg, ethmoid ; fron- fe/«,front] . Relating to the ethmoid and frontal bones . Ethmoid {etk'-moid) [T/dfidg, a sieve; elSog, likeness]. The cribriform bone of the nose, perforated for the transmission of the olfactory nerve ; it forms a part of the base of the skull. Ethmoid or Ethmoidal (etk'-moid, eth-moi' -dal ) [rfifioq, a sieve ; d6o(, likeness] . Relating to the ethmoid bone. Ethmoiden (eth-moi' -den) [riB^6(, a sieve ; elSoi, like- ness]. Belonging to the ethmoid bone in itself. Ethmoiditis (eth-moid-i' -tis) \rfi)i6q, a sieve; eZdof, likeness; trif, inflammation]. Inflammation of the ethmoid bone, or of the ethmoid sinuses. Ethmoplecosis (eth-mo-pk-ko' -sis) [rfi/idg, sieve ; wM- icei-!', to twine ; vdaog, disease]. Any disease attacking the cellular tissue. Ethmoturbinal (eth-mo-tur'-bin-al) \ijSii6(, a sieve ; turbo, a top]. Relating to the turbinal portioris of the ethmoid bone, forming what are known as the supe- rior and middle turbinated bones. Ethmyphe (eth'-mif-e) [i/B/idi, sieve; i(l>^, web]. The connective tissue. , Ethmyphitis (eth-mif-i' -tis) \riBji6q, sieve; h^, web; iTif, inflammation] . Inflammation of the ethmyphe or connective tissue ; cellulitis. Ethnic (eth'-nik) [etoof, a race]. Pertaining to race. E. Idiocy. See Idiocy, Ethnic. Ethnology (eth-nol' -o-je) \lBvoq, a nation; TJtyog, science]. The comparative study of the races of man- kind. Ethoxycaffein (eth-oks-e-kaf'-e-in), CioH^NjOj. A remedy recommended to relieve the pain of herpes zos- ter, migraine, aild neuralgia. In overdoses it has a toxic effect ; gr. viij causes drunkenness and vomiting. Dose gr. iv. Unof. Ethusa (e-thu'-sah) \mBtii), to bum]. A genus of um- belliferous plants. E. cynapium, or fools' parsley, has poisonous qualities. It was formerly used as an emmen^ogue. Unof. Ethusin (e-thu'-sin) [aWeiv, to burn]. A poisonous alkaloid obtainable from Ethusa cynapium, or fools' parsley. Ethyl (eth'-il) [aiftyp, ether; vkq, material], CjHj. The hypothetic radicle of alcohol. E. Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. E. Bromid, CjHjBr, Brom- ethyl ; monobromethane. A rapid and transient an- esthetic. Narcosis is produced in one-half to one min- ute, and does not last much longer. See Anesthetic. E. Bromid, Liq., i in 200, used in angina pectoris. Dose gss-ij. Unof. E. Chlorid, CjHjCl, Chloric Ether. An anesthetic resembling chloroform in action. It is sometimes followed by corneal opacity. See An- esthetic. Unof. E. Eosin. Same as Primrose. E. Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. E. lodid, CjHj I. Hydriodic Ether. Used to relieve the dyspnea of bronchitic asthma and edematous laryngitis. Dose to be inhaled, tT\^ v, three or four times daily. Unof. E. Purple. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Ethylamin (eth-il' -am-in) [oi6^p, ether ; till;?, material ; amin] . A non-poisonous ptomaine formed in putre- fying yeast, in wheat-flour, and in the distillation of beet-sugar residues. It is a strongly ammoniacal liquid, boiling at 18.7° C. , and is miscible with water in every proportion ; it is combustible, and possesses strong basic properties. Ethylene (eth'-il-en\ [aifl^p, ether; vkn, matter]. Ole- fiant gas, C^^. A colorless, poisonous gas having an unpleasant, suffocating smell. It burns with a bright luminous flame, and when mixed with air explodes vio- lently. It is one of the constituents of illuminating gas, and has strong afiinities, especially for chlorin, with which it unites to form an oily compound. E. Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. E. Bromid, a light brownish-colored liquid with the formula, C^H^ Brj. It has been used with great benefit in epilepsy in ^ to 2^ minim doses two or three times daily Unof. E. Chlorid. See Ethene chlorid. Ethylidene (eth-il' -id-en). See Ethidene. Ethylidenediamin ( eth-il' -id-en-di'-avi-in). CjH^. (NHj)^. A poisonous ptomaine obtained from de- composing haddock. Injections of the ptomaine in mice and guinea-pigs produce abundant flow of secre- tion from the nose, mouth, and eyes ; the pupils dilate and the eyeballs project. Violent dyspnea follows and continues until death, which does not take place for twenty-four hours or more. The heart is stopped in diastole. Etiolate (e'-te-o-lat) [F. , itioler, to blanch]. In biology, to blanch or be whitened by the exclusion of light. 'E.\.iolsAiOTx(e-te-o-la'-shun) \¥r., itioler, tohXanch]. The paleness or blanching, in plants or animals, from con- finement in darkness. Etiolin (e'-te-o-lin) \¥r.,itioler,to'b\a.nch'\. The yel- low pigment of etiolate leaves. Etiology (e-te-ol' -o-je) \airva, a cause; Uyog, science]. A treatise on, or pertaining to, the causes of disease. Etrotomy (e-trof -o-me) [firpov, pelvis ; ro/i^, section]. A name proposed for pelvic section. Cf. Pubetrotomy. Euaathol (u-an'-thol) [eii, well ; OT0of, a flower; oleum, oil] , CyHjjO. Euanthylic aldehyd, a product of the distillation of castor-oil ; it is a liquid of pungent odor, boiling at from 153° to 154° C. Eucalin {u'-kal-in) [eu, well; KoXv'Kruv, to cover], CjHjjOb. a glucose arising from the fermentation of melitose. Its properties are similar to those of inosite. It is non-fermentable, and dextrorotatory. Eucalyptol (u-kal-ip' -tol) [sib, well ; Ka/ih-irreiv, to cover], CidHigO. An antiseptic camphor, prepared from the essential oil derived from the distillation of the leaves of E. globulus, and other species of the genus. It is used in bronchitis and chronic catarrh ; and also in ear- diseases and in urethritis, and externally in various liniments and washes. Dose rr\^iv, in cap- sules, three times daily. Unof. EUCALYPTUS 446 EUPHONIA Eucalyptus (u-kal-ip'-tm) [ti, well ; KnXvvreiv, to cover]. The leaves (lanceolate, after three years' growth) of E. globultis, or Blue Gum, native to Aus- tralia, but now cultivated in California. It contains a volatile oil, that yields eucalyptol, a camphor, by distillation. It is an aromatic bitter, promoting digestion. It is highly antiseptic and anti-malarial, and is valuable in atonic dyspepsia and in intermittent fevers. E., Ext. Dose gr. iij-x. E., Fid. Ext., alcoholic. DoseTtj^x-gj. E. Gum (B. P.); also called Australian Kino ; a red gum from the bark of the E. corymbosa, E. resinifera, and E. rostrata of Austra- lia. It is intensely astringent, and valuable in the treat- ment of relaxed throat. Dose gr. ij-x. The genus Eucalyptus embraces many species of trees and shrubs, nearly all of which appear to have useful medicinal properties. E. Honey, honey gathered by bees from the flowers of various species of Eucalyptus. It is highly aromatic, containing eucalyptol (17 per cent.), cymol, and a terpene. It is valued in Australian domestic practice as a cure for almost all catarrhal troubles. E. Manna, a variety of manna produced in Australia from E. viminalis, E. mannifera, and E. dumosa. E. Ol., the volatile oil. Dose tt^v-xxx, in capsules or emulsion. E., Tinct. Unof. Dose ^ss-ij. E. Unguentum (B. P.). Seldom used. Eucheuma (u-ku'-maK) \tvx«ji.oq, well-flavored]. A genus of sea-weeds. E. gelatins and E. spinosum, from S. E. Asian seas, afford some part of the agar- agar of commerce. Euchlorin {u-klo' -riti) [eJ, well ; x^p&Q, greenish]. A mixture of chlorous acid and free chlorin. Euchroic Acid {u-kro'-ik\ . See Acid. Euchylia [u-kll'-e-ak) [r/v, well ; x^^i> t'le chyle]. A normal condition of the chyle. Euchymia (a-^jOT'-s-a^) [ei, well; X'"/^'^^) j™ce]. A healthy condition of the fluids of the body. Eucinesia, Eukinesia (u-kln-e' -se-ah) [eJ, well; Kiv^aig, motion] . Normal power of movement. Eucrasia [u-kra' -ze-ak) [ev, well ; Kpaaig, mixture]. Good health ; a sound constitution ; the reverse of dyscrasia. Eucyclic (u-sik'-lik) \ev, well ; k1ik7i,os, a circle]. In biology, applied to flowers, the organs in each whorl of which equal in number, and alternate with, those of the adjoining whorl. Eudiometer (u-de-om' -et-er) \tvSia, oalm weather ; /liTpov, measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the purity of the air, and for the analysis of gases. Eudipleural (u-de-plu'-ral) [eJ, well ; dig, two ; n?tmpd, side] . In biology, bilaterally symmetric. Euesthesia {u-es-tke' -ze-aK) [e^, well ; alaQTjCig, sensa- tion]. The sense of well-being ; vigor and normal condition of the senses. Eugenesis (u-jen' -es-is) [eJ, well: y^vraif, generation] . In biology, fertility. Eugenia (u-je'-ne-ah) [after Prince Eugene of Savoy]. A genus of more than 500 species of myrtaceous trees and shrubs, mostly tropical. E. caryophylata yields cloves, q. v. Pimenta is a product of E. pimenta. Various other species are medicinal, and some afford edible fruits. E. cheken. See Cheken. Eugenic Acid {u-jen'-ik). See Eugenol. Eugenin {u'-jen-in). See Caryophyllus. Eugenol (u'-jen-ol) [eugenia ; oleum, oil], CipHjjOu. Eugenic Acid ; a substance that occurs in clove-oil, and in allspice. It is an aromatic oil that boils at 247° C. It is antiseptic, and a local anesthetic in dentistry. Dose gr. xv, well diluted. Unof. Eukinesia {u-kin-e' -se-aK). See Eucinesia. Eulachon Oil, or Eulachoni Oleum (u'-lak-on, or u-lak-o' -ni o'-le-um) [native name in North Pacific islands]. Candle-fish Oil. The oil of the fish Thale- ichthys pacificus, or candlefish. It is less disagreeable than cod-liver oil, for which it is often substituted. Dose 3J-iv. Unof. Eulyptol {u-lip'-tol). An antiseptic substance com- posed of six parts of salicylic acid and one part each of carbolic acid and essence of eucalyptus. It does not produce albuminates when applied to wounds. Dose internally, g ij-iiss per diem. See Eucalyptus. Eumerism (u' -mer-izm) [ei, well ; iikpog, a part]. In biology, opposed to dysmerism ; an aggregate of eumeristic parts. Eumeristic (u-mer-is' -tik) [ev, well ; /lepi^eiv, to divide]. In biology, applied to an aggregation of like parts arranged in a regular series, as a tapeworm. Eumerogenesis {u-me-ro-jen' -es-is') [ei, well ; [lipog, division ; ycveai;, generation]. In biology, develop- ment by fission, or the multiplication of like parts, producing a regular series. Eumeromorph (u' -mer-o-morf) \jb, well ; }iipag, a division ; jiop^i], shape]. An organism resulting from eumerogenesis, as, an arthrosporous bacillus-filament. Eunuch {u'-nuk) [evvovxoQ, guardian of the couch]. One from whom the genital organs have been removed or mutilated so as to render him impotent. Eunuchism {u'-nuk-izm) \tvvm>xog, guardian of the couch]. The condition of being a eunuch. EuTjnymin [u-on'-im-in) [Eiiiii'ii^of, having a good name]. A precipitate from the tincture of Wahoo, Euonymus americanus ; it is tonic, laxative, and ex- pectorant. Dose ^ to 3 grains. Unof. Euonymus iu-on'-im-us) [evlovvjiog, having a good name]. I. A genus of celastraceous shrubs and trees. 2. Wahoo. The bark of E. atropurpureus is an astrin- gent tonic and purgative, resembling rhubarb, jalap, aloes, etc. , but rather milder. It is beneficially em- ployed in dropsy and hepatic affections. E., Ext. Dose gr. j-v. E., Ext., Fid. Dose g ss-ij. E., Tinct. (l in 5). Dose tt\,x-xl. E. americanus has similar properties. Eupareunia {u-par-u' -ne-ah ) [eii, well ; irdpemo!:, spouse]. Sexual compatibility. Eupathia, or Eupatheia (u-path-V -ah ) [ei/TriJSEra ; m, well; TrdSof, feeling]. I. Euphoria. 2. Sensitive- ness to impressions. Eupatorin {u-pat-o^ -rin) ^zvizardpim), agrimony]. I. A precipitate from the tincture of Thoroughwort, Eupa- torium perfoliatum ; it is aperient, emetic, febrifuge and tonic. Dose i to 3 grains. Unof. 2. A crys- talline glucosid from Eupatorium cannabinum of Europe. See also Eupurpurin. Eupatorium {u-pat-o' -re-um) {^emaTdpiov, agrimony]. A genus of composite-flowered plants. In pharmacy, Eupatorium denotes the leaves and flowering-tops of E. perfoliatum, thoroughwort, or boneset. It is a bitter tonic, diaphoretic, aperient and emetic, of value in re- mittent and typhoid fevers, and thought, also, to be a teniafuge. E., Fid. Ext. Dose tTl_x-,^j. E. pur- pureum, trumpet-weed, another American species, has similar qualities (see Eupurpurin'), but is more markedly diuretic, as is also E. amarissimum, of the U. S. Many other species of this large genus are ac- tively medicinal. Eupepsia iu-pep' -se-ah ) [ci, well ; itk'Kruv, to digest]. Sound or normal digestion. Eupeptic {u-pep'-tik\ [ei, well ; iriirreiv, to digest]. Possessing a good digestion ; promoting digestion. Eupenstnlsis (u-per-is-tal'-sis) [rf, well; Trep/, around ; (TTiiAffif, compression]. The quiet peristaltic move- ments of the intestines in health. See Peristalsis. Euphonia {u-fo' -ne-ah') [rf, well; ^oi^, voice]. A normal, good, and clear condition of the voice. EUPHONY 447 EUTOCIA Kuphony {u'-/on-e). SeeJiufAonia. Euphorbia [u-for' -be-ah ) \p>if6p^iov, an African plant]. A genus of some 700 species of trees, shrubs and herbs, mostly with a milky, acrid, or poisonous juice. E. resinifera, of Africa affords euphorbium. E. lathyris, yields oil of euphorbia, an active, but uncertain cathartic. From E. drummondii, drumin is prepared. In N. America, E. coroUata, E. ipe- cacuanha, E. vulgaris, E. prostrate, and other na- tive species have been employed in medicine, there being about loo species in the U. S. E. pilulifera, of S. America and Australia, has reputed value in asthma and cardiac dyspnea. Dose of the extract gr. j. ; of the fluid extract g ss-j ; of the tincture g ss-j ; to be used with great caution. E. piscidia, of trop^ ical America, a virulent poison, is locally employed as a caustic. Many other species are actively medicinal. Euphorbin {u-for' -bin) \ev^6p^tov, an African plant]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Euphorbia corollata ; it is an emetic, expectorant, vermifuge and arterial sedative. Dose X '° 3 grains. Unof Euphorbium (u-for' -be-um) [ev^dp^iov, an African plant]. An acrid gum-resin afforded by Euphorbia resinifera and E. offichtarum. It is strongly purga- tive and vesicant, and is now mainly employed in veterinary medicine. Euphoria {u-for' -e-ah') [cS^opof, easily carried]. I. The sense of well-being or health. 2. Ability to endure pain. Euphoric (u-for'-ik) [eiipopoi, easily carried]. Marked by or pertaining to euphoria. Euphorin {u'-for-in) [^e'b^opoi, easily carried], Cg02Hjj. Phenyl-urethan, derived from anilin, a white crystal- line powder, nearly insoluble in water, soluble in weak alcohol. It is recommended as a safe and rapid antipyretic in doses of from 5 to 30 grains daily. Unof See Phenyl-urethan. Euphrasia {u-fra' -%e-aK) \_m^paaia, delight]. Eye- bright; A small annual, formerly much used in eye- affections. It is of utility as an astringent lotion in conjunctivis, and invaluable in breaking up nasal catarrh and in hay-fever. E., Tinct., strength 1.9. Dose tT\, j-v. Euphthalmin {uf-thal'-min) [Ei,well; btpBa^tfid^, eye]. CiyHjjNOj. HCl, the hydrochlorate of the amygdalic acid derivative of the unstable n-methyl-vinyl-diacetone- alkamin. It is a colorless, crystalline povS'der, which freely dissolves in cold water. The instillation of two or three drops of a 2 per cent, solution in the eye pro- duces within 20 to 30 minutes mydriasis of intermediate intensity, which vanishes after 2 or 3 hours. The ac- cormuodation is but slightly, if at all, affected. Eupitton {u' -pit-on), C^jH^gOg. Eupittonic acid. An aurin into which six methoxyl groups have been intro- duced. It forms orange-yellow crystals, melting with decomposition, at 200° C. Euplastic {u-plas' -tik) [ei, well ; nTi.aaaetv, to form] . Susceptible of being transformed into sound, healthy, and permanent tissue. Eupnea {up-ne'-ah) [eJ, well; rrvieiv, to breathe]. Normal and easy respiration. EapMTpuiin (^u-pur'-pu-rin) [eJ,well ; /«/«?■«, purple]. A precipitate from the tincture oi Eupatorium purpu- reum ; it is diuretic, stimulant, astringent, and tonic. Dose I to 4 grains. Unof Eurhipidurous {u-rip-id-u' -rus) \_ev, well ; /xttij , a fan; oi/xS, tail]. In biology, applied to such birds as have a fan-like arrangement of the tail-feathers. Eurhodins {u'-ro-dini). Dyes derived from the phena- zins by the introduction of one or more amido-groups. They are feeble bases. European Cholera. Synonym of Cholera. Europhen {u'-ro-fen). A preparation of iodin recom- mended as a substitute for iodoform. It is a valuable antiseptic, antisyphilitic, and antituberculotic. In skin- diseases, a 5 to 10 per cent, ointment is employed. It is used hypodermatically in doses of gr. ^-iss. Chemi- cally, it contains one atom of iodin joined to two molecules of isobutylcresol. Unof. K.-aristol, a preparation of europhen with aristol ; a substitute for iodoform. Eurycephalic, or Eurycephalous, {u-ris-efal'-ik, u-ris-ef'-al-us) [cipif, wide; Kt^Tvii, head]. Broad- headed ; having a very wide skull. Eurycerous {u-ris'-er-us) [cipif, broad ; nipag, a horn]. In biology, having broad horns. Eurychasmus {u-rik-az' -mus) \_evpi)g, broad ; x^<'/^<^i ^ chasm]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the lines joining the point of the wing of the vomer and the posterior nasal spine and anterior margin of the foramen magnum is between 153° a'nd 154°. Eurythermal {u-rith-er'-mal) [Apiig, wide; Okpfiri, heat]. Capable of sustaining a great range of temper- ature. Eusomphalus {u-som' -fal-us) [ev, good ; ofi^aMi, navel]. A double monstrosity in which the vital func- tions of each individual are independent, and in which each has a distinct umbilicus. Eustachian [u-sta'-ke-an) [Evaraxiyg, rich in com]. Pertaining to the Italian anatomist, Eustachio. E. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. E. Catheter, an instrument for dilating and otherwise treating the Eustachian tube ; it is introduced along the floor of the nose. E. Tube, the canal extending from the tympanum to the pharynx. E. Valve, a prolonga- tion or continuation of the lining membrane of the post-cava into the right auricle of the fetal heart to about half of its breadth. Its function is to direct the blood from the post-cava across the auricle toward the foramen ovale. Eustachius, Canal of. See Canal. Eustomatous [u-sto' -mat-us) [ei, well ; crd/jia, mouth]. In biology, having a well-formed oral aperture. Eustrongylus {u-stron' -jil-us) \_ev, well ; arpoyyiiXag, round]. A genus of parasitic nematode worms. E. gigas. See Thread-worms, and Parasites {Animal), Table of Eusystole {u-sis'-to-le'^\tv, well ; cvaToki], contraction]. A normal contraction of the cardiac cavities. Eutaxia {u-taks' -e-ah) [ei, well; rdfij, order]. A normal condition of the body. Euthanasia {u-than-a' -ze-ah) \tv, well ; Bdvarog, death] . An easy or calm death. Euthycoryphus {u-thik-or' -if-us) [ciSiif, straight ; mpv^fl, the head]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the parietal angle is between 142° and 151°. Euthymetopus {u-thim-ef -o-pus) [ei^df, straight; fihanov, the forehead]. Lissauer's term for a skull- in which the angle between the lines joining the metopion and bregma and nasion is between 141° and iSi-5°- Euthymia {u-thim' -e-ali) \ev, well; 6v/.i6(, mind]. Tranquility ; cheerfulness. Euthyopisthocranius {u-the-o-pis-tho-kra' -ne-us") \th- 6{>f, straight ; 67ri(Tfo;i^piii'iov, the occiput]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angulus summi occipitis is between 154° and 172°. Euthyuranus {u-the-u' -ran-us) [eifltf, straignt ; ovpavog, the roof of the mouth]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angulus summi palati is between 163.5° and 180°. Eutocia {u-to' -ke-ah") [ei,well ; rdicof , childbirth]. An easy natural delivery. EUTROPHIC 448 EVOLUTION Eutrophic [u-iro'-fii) [ei, well ; rpifetv, to nourish]. Pertaining to eutropny ; promoting the nutritive pro- cess ; well-nourished. Eutrophy, or Eutrophia {u'-tro-fe, or u-tro' -fe-ah) \ev, well ; Tf)l ^nd sodium bicarbonate 5 ; it is used as an anodyne. Exogamy (eks-og' -am-e) \i^ui, outside ; ya/jiog, mar- riage]. The law that forbids marriage between persons of the same family. (Lang. ) Exogastritis (eks-o-gas-tri' -tis) [^fu, out; yaor^p, belly ; iTtf, inflammation]. See Perigastritis. Exogeh (eks'-o-jen) \i^a, outside ; yevij^, producing] . In biology, one of the two primary classes of flower- ing-plants, characterized by the growth of the stems in concentric layers ; more properly called Dicoty- ledons. Exogenetic (eks-o-jen-et'-ik) [efu, outward ; ytwav, to produce]. Due to an external cause; not arising within the organism. Exogenous (eks-oj' -en-us) [ffw, out ; yewav, to pro- duce]. Of the nature of an exogen; growing by accretions to the outer surface. Exognathite (eks-og'-nath-lt). See Basecphysis. Exogonium (eks-o-go'-ne-um). See Jalap. Exometritis (eks-o-me-tri' -tis) [^fu, out ; p-vrpa, womb ; (Tjf, inflammation]. Perimetritis; less correctly, parametritis. See Metritis. EXOMPHALOS 453 EXPIRATORY Exotnphalos (eks-om' -fal-os) [ef, out ; ofupaMg, navel]. Undue prominence of the navel ; also, umbilical hernia. Exone\XT3A {eis-o-nu'-ral) [Jfu, out; VEvpov, nerve]. Occurring or situated outside of the nervous appa- ratus. Exopathic {eks-o-path' -ik) [efo, out ; vrdfof, disease]. Pertaining to those causes of disease coming from without or beyond the organism. See, also, Endo- Exoperidium (eks-o-per-id' -e-uni) [ffu, outside ; peri- dium (from n^pidiov, dim. of m/pa, a leather pouch), the covering of the spore-case]. The outer peridium of a fungus having more than one, as the earth-star. Exophoria (eks-o-for'-e-aK). See Heterophoria. E., Pseudo-, an outward tending of the eyes excited by lessening the activity of the accommodative centers, as when hyperopia has been corrected by convex lenses. This condition also exists in uncorrected myopia. Exophthalmic [eks-off-thal' -mik) [ef, out; bipBaf./id;, eye]. Pertaining toexophthalmos. E. Goiter. See Goiter. Exophthalmometer {eks-off-thal-mom' -et-er) [ef , out ; bifidaXfidgj eye; fierpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the degree of exophthalmus. Exophtiialmos,Kxophthalm\is {eh-qf-iAai'-mos,-mus) [ef , out ; 6^0a^/£(5f, eye]. Abnormal prominence or protrusion of the eyeballs. E., Pulsating, that characterized by a bruit and pulsation, due to an aneu- rysm that pushes the eye forward. Exoplasm (eks'-o-plazni) [efu, outside ; ■KTJmctiv, to form]. In biology, the outer protoplasm of a unicellu- lar organism or histologic cell. Exopodite (eks-op' -o-dlf) [^f a, outside ; Troif (Tod-), foot]. In biology, the outer of the two main divi- sions of the typical crustacean limb or appendage. Cf Endopodite and Basecphysis. Exorhinus (eks-or-i'-niis) [ef u, without ; ^('f , nose] . Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the lines joining the nasion and the alveolar point and rhinion is between i° and 20.5°. Exormia {eks-or'-me-ah) [^i^op/ideiv, to go forth] . Any papular skin-disease. Exoskeleton Uks-o-skel' -et-un) [ifu, outside ; aKelETdv, a dried body]. In biology, the outer envelop of many of the lower forms of life for the protection and attachment of organs, representing an integunjent modified by the deposition of chitin, lime, or other hardening substance. See Dermoskeleton. Exosmose (eks'-os-mos). See Exosmosis. Exosmosis (eks-os-mo' -sis) [ef, out; aa/id^, thrust]. Outward osmosis. See Endosmosis and Osmosis. Exosmotic {eks-os-mot' -ik) [ef , out ; aaiidc, thrust] . Pertaining to or characterized by exosmosis. Exospore (eks' -o-spor) [ifu, outside; avdpog, seed]. In biology, the outer coat of a spore. Exostome {eks'-os-tdm) [efu, outside; ard/ia, mouth]. In biology, the orifice in the outer coat of the ovule, or the outer peristome of a moss. Exostosis (eks-os-/o' -sis) [ef , out ; bartov, bone]. Abnormal enlargement or growth of bone, especially a deposit of bony tissue upon the surface of a pre- existing bone. E. of the Teeth, exostosis den- tium ; exodontosis. An outgrowth from a tooth. The only part of a tooth subject to exostosis is the root, and the development of the affection usually commences at or near the extremity ; extending from thence upward, it sometimes covers a greater or less portion of the external surface. E., Ivory, a bony outgrowth of extreme hardness and of small size, rarely exceeding that of a small walnut. It springs usually from the exterior of one of the cranial bones. Histologically, it is marked by the absence of Haver- sian canals, Exostotic (eks-os-tof -ik") [if, out; baHov, bone]. Of the nature of exostosis. Exoteric {eks-o-ter'-ik) [k^ureprnd^, external]. Synony- mous with Exopathic. Exoterorhinus [eks-o-ter-or-i'-mis) [effirepof, outside ; l)ig, nose]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle between the lines joining the nasion and the alveolar point and rhinion is between 22.5° and 45°. Exotheca (eks-o-the' -kah) [ifu, outside ; QriKt), a case]. In biology, the proper calcareous investment of the visceral chamber of a coral. Exothecium [eks-o-the' -se-um) [cfu, outside ; B^kti, a case] . In biology, the epidermis of the anther. Exothyropexy ( eks-o-thi'-rorpeks-e ) [ Ifu, without ; 6vpe.bq, a shield ; ir^f (f, fixation] . Partial extrusion of goiter, with subsequent atrophy from constriction, cicatrization, etc. Exotic {eks-ot'-ik) [Efirr/zcdf, foreign]. Pertaining to plants and products from another country. Exotropia [eks-o-tro'-pe-ah). See Strabismus. Expansive (eks-pan'-sif) [expandere, to spread out]. Comprehensive ; wide-extending. E. Delirium, insane over-estimation of one's mental or bodily powers. See Exaltation. Expectant [eks-pek'-tant) [expectare, to look out for]. Awaiting or expecting ; applied to a plan of treatment consisting in watching the progress of a disease, and not interfering with therapeutic measures, unless war- ranted by special symptoms. Expectation {eks-pek-ta' -shun) [expectare, to expect]. Same as Expectant. E. of Life, the average num- ber of years that persons of a given agfe, taken one with another, live, assuming that they die according to a given table of the probabilities of life. It thus has no relation to the most probable life of a single given individual. E. of L., Complete, the addition of one-half year to the curtate expectation to allow for that portion of a year lived by each person in the year of his death. E. of L., Curtate, the average number of whole or completed years lived by each person. Expectorant (eks-pek' -to-rant) [ex, o\xt ; pectus,hxe2isX\. I. Promoting expectoration. 2. A remedy that pro- motes expectoration. Expectoration (eks-pek-tor-a' -shun) [ex, out ; pectus, breast]. I. The ejection from the mouth of saliva or material brought into it by the air-passages. 2. The fluid or semi-fluid matters from the lungs and air-pas- sages expelled by coughing and spitting. E., Prune- juice. See Prune-juice. E., Rusty. See Jiusty Ex- pectoration. Expellent (eks-pel' -ent") [expellere, to drive out]. A medicine that has power to expel a materies morbi. Experiment [eks-per'-im-ent) [experimentare, to ex- periment]. A trial or test. Experimentum (eks-per-im-en'-tuni) [L.]. Same as Experiment. E. mirabile of Kirchner, a hyp- notic phenomenon in animals, a hen, e.g., remaining in a fixed position when the head is pressed down and a chalk line made from its beak. Expert {eks' -pert) [expertus, proved]. A person es- pecially qualified in a science or art. E., Medical, a physician peculiarly fitted by experience or special learning to render an authoritative opinion in medico- legal or diagnostic questions. Expiration (eks-pi-ra' -shun) [expirare, to breathe out]. The act of breathing forth, or expelling air from the lungs. Expiratory {eks-pi' -rat-or-e) [expirare, to breathe out]. Relating to or concerned. in the expiration of air. EXPIRE 453 EXTRA- Expire (eks-pir') \expirare, to breathe out] . To breathe out ; to die. Explanate (eks' -plan-dt') \explanare, to flatten, spread out]. In biology, spread out, flattened; applied to parts usually rolled or folded. Exploration (eks-plor-a' -shun) \explorare, to search out] . The searching out the condition of a diseased organ or part by means of auscultation, palpation, per- cussion, etc. Also the searching of a wound to learn its nature, course, etc., and if foreign bodies may be present. Also the examinaiion of the female genital organs by the finger or instrument for diagnostic pur- poses. Explorator, Explorer {eks' -plor-a-tor , ex-plor'-er) \ex- plorare, to search out]. An instrument for use in exploration. E., Electric, an instrument for detect- ing a bullet by means of the electric current. Exploratory [eks-plor' -at-or-e) [explorare, to search out]. Pertaining to exploration. E. Puncture, the puncture of a cavity or tumor and extraction there- from of some of the contents to learn their nature. E. Trocar, one especially adapted for exploratory puncture. Explosion [eks-plo' -zhuii) \_explodere, to drive away]. I . The sudden expansion of a body of small volume into great volume, with the resulting effects. 2. The sudden and violent occurrence of any symptom or function. Explosive {eks-pl(/ -siv) \explodere, to drive away]. See Consonants. E. speech, speech characterized by suddenness and explosiveness of enunciation. Exposure [eks-po' -zhur) [exponere, to expose]. I. The act of laying bare, as the genitals. 2. The state of being open to some action or influence, as of cold or wet. Expression (eks-presk' -un) [expressus ; exprimere, to press out]. I. A pressing out. The forcible separa- tion of liquids from solids by pressure. 2. The recognizable manifestation through the facial linea- ments or the voice of any subjective feeling. E. of Fetus or Placenta, assisting the expulsion of fetus or placenta by pressure upon the abdominal walls. Expulsion {eks-puV -shun) [expulsio; expellere, to drive out]. The act of driving out. E., Spontane- ous, the extrusion of the fetus or the placenta without external aid. Expulsive (eks-pul' -siv) [expellere, to drive out]. Pertaining to the extrusion or driving out of the fetus in childbirth, the voiding of the feces, urine, etc.. Exsanguination (ek-sang-gwin-a' -shun) \ex, priv. ; sanguis, blood]. The forcible expulsion of blood from a part, as before amputation. Exsanguine (ek-sang'-gwin)\ex, priv.; j3«^?j, blood] . Bloodless. Exsanguinity [ek-sang-gwin'-it-e) [ex, priv. ; sanguis, blood] . Bloodlessness ; extreme pallor. Exscinded [ek-sin' -ded) [ex, out; scindere, to cut]. In biology, terminating abruptly in an angular notch. Exscreation {ek-skre-a' -shuri) [ex, out ; screare, to hawk]. The act of clearing the throat by hawking and spitting. Exsculptate (eks-kulp' -tat) [exsculpere, to carve out]. In biology, presenting a sculptured appearance. Exsert, Exserted (ek'-sert, ek-ser'-ted) [exserere, to thrust out] . In biology, projecting, as a stigma beyond the anthers. Bxsertus {ek-ser' -tus) [L.]. Protruding; sometimes applied to teeth that protrude. See Dens exsertus. Exsiccatse, Exsiccati [ek-sik-at'-e, -i) [exsiccare, to dry upj. In biology, the dried plants of an herbarium. Exsiccation (ek-sik-a'-shun) [ex, out; siccus, dry]. The process of depriving a solid of its moisture or volatile constituents by the agency of moderate heat. Exsiccative (ek-sik' -at-iv) [exsiccare, to dry up]. I. Having a strong drying tendency. 2. A desiccating or drying remedy or application. « Exsiccator (ek' -sik-a-tor) [exsiccare, to dry up]. A closed glass vessel containing a tray of HjSO^, used to dry and cool substances preparatory to weighing. Exspuition (eks-pu-ish' -un) [ex, out; spuere, to spit]^ Expectoration ; spitting. Exstipulate (ek-stip' -u-lat) [ex, without ; stipula, a stipule]. In biology, destitute of stipules. Exstrophy (iS,4y-/?-o^) [eKarpifeiv, to evert]. I. The turning of a hollow organ inside out ; the state of being turned inside out. 2. Congenital absence of the anterior wall of the bladder and abdomen with extroversion of the bladder. Exsuccation (ek-suk'fea' -shun) [ex, out ; succus, juice]. Same as Ecchymosis. Exsuccous (ek-suk'-us) [ex, without ; succus, juice, sap] . In biology, juiceless. Also written Exuccous. Exsufflation {ek-suf-la' -shun) [ex, out; sufflare, to blow]. Forced discharge of the breath. Exta (eks'-tah) [L. ,//.]. The viscera, especially those of the chest. Extension [eks-ten' -shun) [extendere, to stretch out]. I. The opposite oi flexion ; the straightening of a flexed limb by the natural and functional process ; the state of a limb that is not flexed. 2. Traction made upon a fractured or dislocated limb in order to bring the parts into proper apposition. E., Angular, a method of reducing and maintaining old dislocations of the hip. E., Counter-, traction upon the trunk or the trunk-end of a fractured limb in addition to ex- tension. E., Double, traction applied to both limbs in hip-joint disease, etc. E. Stage in Labor, one of the stages of labor, consisting in the bending of the fetal head, the occiput toward the back. Extensor {eks-ten' -sor) [extendere, to extend]. That which stretches out or extends. E. Muscles. See Muscles, Table of. E. Tetanus, in general spasms the extensor muscles overcome the flexors, and the spasm thus becomes an extensor tetanus . Extenuation {eks-ten-u-a' -shun) [ex, out ; tenuis, thin] . Thinness ; leanness of body ; delicacy. Extern {eks' -tern) [externus, outward] . i . Outside ; outside the gates of a hospital. 2. An out-door patient. 3. A medical student, or graduate, who attends to out-door charity cases. E. Maternity, ». lying-in in a private house. Externalization [eks-tern-al-iz-a'-shun) [externus, out- ward]. The process of externalizing, or embodying. E. of Sensation. See Sensitivisation. Externomedian {eks-ter-no-me' -de-an) [externus, out- ward; medius, middle]. In biology, outside the median line. Extesticulate {eks-tes-tik' -u-lat) [ex, out ; testiculus, a testicle] . To castrate. Extinction [eks-tink' -shun) [extinguere, to extinguish] . Complete abeyance or final loss, as of the voice ; also, incomplete loss. Extine [eks' -tin) [externus, outside]. In biology, the outer coat of a pollen-grain. Also Exine (Schacht). Extirpation {eks-ter-pa' -shun) [extirpare, to root out]. Thorough excision or out-rooting of a part, as of a gland, a tumor, the uterus, the ovaries, etc. E. of the Eyeball, complete removal of the globe of the eye. Enucleation. Extra- {eks'-trah-) [L.]. A prefix, meaning outside, without. E. -axillary, in biology, applied to a branch or bud somewhat out of the axil. E.-current, the induced electric current. E.-enteric. In biology, perivisceral. E. -neural, situated or occurring out- side of a nerve. A term applied to certain nervous EXTRACAPSULARIUM 454 EXTROVERSION affections of which the true seat is more or less re- mote from the point which manifests the symptoms of nerve-embarrassment. E. -ocular, outside the eye, or eyeball ; in biology, applied to those antennae of insects that are located at a distance from the eyes. E.-pelvic, situated or occurring outside the pelvis. E. -polar Region, that lying outside the electrodes, as opposed to the Intra-polar Region, or area, that lying within or directly beneath the electrodes. E.-uterine, with- out the uterus. E.-u. Pregnancy. See Pregnancy. E.-u. Life, that after birth. Extracapsularium [eks-trah-kap-su-la' -re-iim) \_extra, beyond, outside ; capsula, CKpsViXe: pi. , Extra-capsu- laria] . In biology, that portion of a radiolarian out- side the central capsule. Extracardial {eks-trah-kar'-de-al) [extra, without; KapSia, heart]. Situated or occurring outside of the heart. Extracloacal {eks-trah-klo-a' -kal) [extra, without ; clo- aca, a sewer]. In biology, situated outside the cloaca. Extracostal (eks-trah-kos'-tal) [«xA-a, without ; casta, a rib]. Outside of the ribs. E. Muscle, any external intercostal muscle. Siee Muscles, Table of. Extraciureus {eks-trah-kru' -re-us) [extra, outside ; cms, a leg] . The vastus externus muscle. See Mus- cles, Table of. Extract, Extractutn (ex'-trakt, -trakt'-uni) [extractus ; extrakere, to extract: //. , Extract(i\. In pharmacy, a solid or semi-solid preparation, made by extracting the soluble principles of a drug and evaporating the solution to a proper consistence. Alcohol and water are the most common solvents. There are 33 official extracts. E., Alcoholic, that in which alcohol is the solvent. E., Aqueous, that prepared by using water as the solvent. E., Fluid, in pharmacy, an alcoholic or hydro-alcoholic solution of the solid principles of a vegetable drug, of such strength that 1000 grams of the drug are fully represented by. one liter of the fluid extract. There are 88 official fluid extracts, besides 53 in the N. F. Extraction [ex-trak^ -shun) [extractio ; ex,o\A.;trakere, to draw]. The drawjag out of a body, as a calculus, a fetus, or a tooth. Also, the pharmaceutic process of making an extract, chiefly by the action of some men- struum, as alcohol, ether, or water. E. of Cataract, removal of the cataractous lens by surgical operation. The methods proposed or practised are almost num- berless. Daviel's Method, improved by Beer, consists in making a semicircular flap (upward in Daviel's, downward in Beer's) in the cornea, or at the margin, with rupture of the capsule and expression of the lens. This method is being revived and, with modification, adopted by a large number of modern operators, and is called the Flap-extraction. The Discission- operation is used in soft cataract, and consists in in- troducing a needle, whereby the capsule is broken and the aqueous humor gains access to the lens-substance, which is then absorbed or removed by suction. In v. Graefe's Peripheral Linear Method, the Graefe lance-knife enters the sclerotic 1.5 mm. from the cor- neal border, and 2 mm. below the horizontal tangent of the upper border of the cornea, and is at first directed downward, but the counterpuncture is finally made opposite the point of puncture. The cut up- ward is then made parallel to the plane of the iris, followed by an iridectomy, capsulotomy, and expres- sion of the lens. The change in v. Graefe's Modi- fied Linear Extraction consists chiefly in bringing the section to the corneo-scleral junction. Needling, or the needle-operation. See Discission. The Sim- ple Method, now advocated by many ophthalmic surgeons, consists in a flap-forming section and an omission of the iridectomy. The Suction Method consists in the extraction of soft cataracts by sucking the lenticular matter through a syringe nozzle intro- duced into the lens-substance, or by other methods. See Operations, Table of. Extractive [eks-trak' -tiv) [ex, out ; trahere, to draw]. 1. In pharmacy, a substance which, during the process of making an extract from a vegetable or drug of vegetable origin, becomes dark, and finally insoluble. 2. Any one of a class of nitrogenous bodies (such as creatin and xanthin) that may be extracted in small amount from various animal tissues. By some writers they are classed as protein compounds. Extractor (eks-trak' -tor) [ex, out ; trahere, to draw] . An instrument for extracting bullets, sequestrse, etc. E., Screw, one armed with a screw-attachment; a tirefond. Extractum [eks-trak' -turn). See Extract. E. ferri pomatum, or E. pomi ferratum, ferrated extract of apples ; official in the German Pharmacy and.^ven in the National Formulary ; it is an extract of sour apples, 50 parts, with iron one part. It contains a crude malate of iron. Extraflioral {eks-trah-flo' -ral) [extra, outside ; flos, a flower] . In biology, placed without the flower. Extrafoliaceous (eks-trah-fo-le-a' -she-us) [extra, out- side; folium, leaf]. In biology, separated from the leaves. Extralimital (eks-trah-lim'-it-al)[extra, outside; limes, bounds, limit]. In biology, not included in a given area, either on the surface of a plant or animal, or on the earth's surface. Extramalleolus (eks-trah-mal-e' -o-lus) [extra, without ; malleolus, a small hammer] . The outer malleolus of the ankle. Extrambulacral {eks-tram-bu-la' -kral) [extra, with- out; ambulacrum, a walk, alley]. In biology, located outside the ambulacra. ExtrameduUary (eks-trah-me-dul' -ar-e) [extra, with- out; medulla, marrow]. Situated or occurring out- side of the medulla. Extraneous (eks-tra' -ne-us) [extraneus, external]. Existing or belonging outside the organism. E. Body, a foreign or intrusive body, present within the organism. Extraordinary [eks-tror' -din-a-re) [extra, beyond; ordo, rule] . Out of the common ; special. E. Ray. See Ray. Extrathecal {eks-trah-the' -kal) [extra, outside ; theca, box, case]. In biology, located outside the theca. Extravasation (eks-trav-as-a' -shun) [extra, outside; vas, a vessel]. Filtration or effusion of blood, serum or fluid from any vessel into adjacent tissues. Extraversio gonadum (eks-trah-ver' -ze-o go-na'-dum) [L.]. In biology, pendent external gastro-genital pouches in certain Medusce. Extremital {eks-trem' -it-al) [extremus, outermost]. Situated towards, or pertaining to, an extremity ; distal. Extremity [eks-trem' -it-e) [extremus, outermost]. An arm or leg ; the distal or terminal end or part of any organ ; a hand or foot. Extricate, Extricated (eks'-trik-at, -a'-ted) [extricare, to disentangle]. In biology, applied to the normally extruded parts of certain insects, as the ovipositors. Extrinsic [eks-trin' -sik) [extrinsicus, from without]. External, outward. E. Muscles, those attached to the trunk and extending to the limbs. Extrorse [eks-trors') [extrorsus, toward the outside]. In biology, turned outward or away from the body or central axis. Extroversion (eks-tro-ver'-shun). See Exstrophy. EXTUBATION 455 EYE Bxtubation [eks-tu-ba' -shun) \_ex, out; tubus, a pipe]. The removal of a laryngeal tube ; opposed to intuba- tion. Extuberance {ex-tu' -ber-tms) \ex, out ; tuber, mass]. A swelling or protuberance. Bxtumescence [eks-tit-mes' -ens) [ex, out ; tumescere, to swell]. A projection or swelling. Exuber {ex-u'-ber) [ex, from ; uber, breast : pi. , E.xu- beres^. A weaned child. Cf. Sububer. Exudate [eks'-u-ddt) [exudare, to sweat]. Material that has filtered through the walls of vessels into the adjacent tissues. Exudation [eks-u-da' -shun) [exudare, to sweat]. Fil- tration or oozing of the serum of the blood through the walls of the , vessels ; a mass formed by such filtration. Exudative (eks' -u-da-tiv) [exudare, to exude]. Of the nature of or characterized by exudation. Exulceration (eks-ul-ser-a' -shun) [ex, out ; ulcerare, to ulcerate]. A superficial ulceration. Exumbilication {eks-um-bil-ik-a' -shun) [exumbilicatio ; ^j;, out; umbilicus, ■as\€C\. Marked protrusion of the navel. Bxutnbral (eks-um'-bral) [^j;, out; umbra, shade]. In biology, ail those parts lying above the free margin of the umbrella of Medusae ; the opposite of subumbral. Exumbrella [eks-um-brel'-ah) [ex, out; umbrella, the disc of acalephs]. In biology, the convex outer sur- face of the umbrella in Medusce. Exuviae (eks-u' -ve-e) [L. ] . Cast-off matters ; shreds of epidermis ; also, sloughed materials. Exuviate (eks-u' -ve-at) [ex, out ; uere, to put on ; from induvia, clothes]. To moult, shed, or slough off" skin, shells, hairs, or feathers of animals. Exuviation [eks-u-He-a^ -shun) [exuviis, slough ; exuere, to put off"] . The shedding of the deciduous teeth, or other epidermal part. Eyckmann's Test. See Tests, Table of. Eye (f) [ME. , eye\ The organ of vision. E.. Accom- modation of. See Accojnmodation. E., Appendages of, the eyelids, brows, and lachrymal apparatus. E., Apple of, formerly the eyeball ; the pupil. E., Arti- ficial, a thin shell of glass, celluloid, or other sub- stance, colored like the natural eye, placed in the socket after enucleation. E., Compound, the organ of vision formed of several crystal spheres, as in the lower crabs. E., Diagrammatic, of Listing, a diagram of the eye for the more exact calculation of the passage of rays of light through the eye. E., Pineal or Epiphysial, the rudimentary median eye in some hzards. E., Schematic, an ideal or normal eye. E.-ball, the globe of the eye. E.-ball, Dis- location of. See Dislocation. E.-bone, a sclerotal, q.v. E.-bright. See Euphrasia. E.-brow, the supercilium, the connective tissue, skin, and hairs above the eye.' The hairs serve chiefly to prevent the sweat from falling into the eye. E.-cells, cup-shaped cells of porcelain, enameled black, to place over the eye after operations. E.-current, the normal electric current that passes from the cornea (positive) to the optic nerve (negative) under the stimulus of light. E. -doctor, an oculist. E. -drops. See Collyrium. Also an old name for tears. E. -glass, a lens worn in one eye. Eye-glasses, pince-nez, worn instead of spectacles, and held in position by a spring acting upon the bridge of the nose. E.-grountic, divided in four equal parts ami turned back. 3. 3- Pigmentaiy granulation of its inner la\'er. 4. Section of lamina fusca. 5, s- 5, 5 Cornea, divided in four equal parts. 6, 6. Canal of Scnlemm 7. Outer sur- lace of choroid 8. Superior and internal trunk of vasa vor- licosa. g, 9. Irregular border limiting the choroid zone posteriorly, to, to. Anterior half of tliis zone; ciliary mus- cle. TI, TI. Ciliary nerves 12 Long ciliary artery. 13,13, T3, 13 Anterior cilia-'y arteries. 14. Iris. 15. Small arterial circle of iris. 16. Pupillary orifice. ^5^- Vertical Section of Eve in its Antero-Posterior Axis. I. Optic nerve 2. Mi-Idle portion of sclerotic. 3. Posterior portion. 4. External of optic n<_r\'u 5. Internal tunic. 6. Sclerotic beneath insertion of supirrior rectus. 7. Sclerotic in advance of insertiem of superior rectus. 8, 8. Superior and inferior recti. 9 Cornea 10. lis central porlinu, 11. Posterior elastic lamina. 12. Junction of cornea anfl sclero- tic superiorly. 13. Inferior junction. 14, 14. Canal of Schlemm. 15. Choroid. 16. Choroidal zone anfl ciliary processes. 17. Ciliary muscle. t8. Ciliary body 19. Retina. 20. Origin of retina. 21. Its anterior limit. 22. Central artery of retina. 23. Branches of central artery. 24. Hyaloid membrane. 2S- Zone of Zinn. 26. Posterior wall of canal of Petit, formed by hyaloid membrane. 27. Anterior wall of same canal, formed by the zone of Zinn. 28. Crystalline lens. 29. Iris. 30. Pupil. 31. Posterior chamber. 32, Anterior chamber. Thp; Ciliary Miiscle , 1 Crystalline lens. 2 H>aloid membrane. 3, 3 Zone of Zinn, 4. Iris- 5,5. Radiating portion of ciliary muscle. 6. Section of circular portion. 7. Venous plexus of a ciliary process. S, Sclerotic. 9. Middle layer of cornea. 10. An- terior h\aline layer of cornea. 11. Epithelial covering of this layer 12. Posterior hyaline la>er of the cornea, or membrane of Dcsceuvet. 13.' Fibers in which this layer tei"- minates,or liganientum pectinatnm 14. Epithelial covering (if pdstei inr h\ aline layer. 15. Junction of sclerotic and cor- nea. 16. Section of canal of Schlcnnn. EYE 457 '& o ^ Relations of the Eye and the Lacrymal Excretory Apparatus. 1, I. Canaliculi. 2, 2. Puncta lacrymalia. 3,3 Inner extrem- ity of tarsal cartilage. 4. 4* Free borders of lids. 5. Lac- rymal sac. 6. Attachment to maxillary bone of superior tendon. 7. Bifurcation of lacrymal sac. 8, 8. Two branches. Section of Ciliary Body and Iris. 1,1. Ciliary processes. 2, 2. Their base or rounded extremity. 3,3. Their apex. 4. A process with bi- furcated extremity. 5, 5. Reticulated folds, or ciliary pro- cesses of the second order. 6.6. Venules that emanate from these 7,7 Oraser- rata of choroid 8, 8. Veins of choroid. 9. Section of iris. 10. 10. Circumfer- ence of iris, iij II Small ring of iris. j2, 12, Large ring of iris. Vertical Section Through the Upper Eyelid. A. Cutis. I. Epidermis 2. Corium. 2,3. Subcutaneous con- nective tissue c, 7. Orbicularis muscle d Loose submus- cular connective tissue, e. Insertion of H. Miiller's muscle, F. Tarsus, g. Conjunctiva, j. Inner; k. Outer edge of the lid. 4. Pigment cells. 5. Sweat-glands. 6 Hair follicles. 8,23. Sections of nerves 9. Arteries. 10. Veins. 11 Cilia. 12. Modified sweat-glands- 13. Circular rtiuscle of Riolan. 14. Meibomian gland. 15. Section of an acinus of the same. 16. Posterior tarsal glands 18, 19. Tissue of the tarsus. 20. Pretarsal or submuscular connective tissue. 21, 22. Conjunc- tiva, with its epithelium. 24. Fat. 25. Loosely-woven pos- terior end of the tarsus. 26. Section of a palpebral artery. 458 FALLING F. Abbreviation of Fahrenheit ; also of Fac, make, and of Fiat, let there be made. Fl., or Fid. Abbreviation of Fluid. Ft. Abbreviation of Fiat, let there be made. Faam [fah-ahm') [native Asian]. The plant Aiigrce- cum fragians, used in Asia and in France as a sub- stitute for tea. Faba Ignatii i^ fa' -bah ig-na'-she-i'). See Ignalia. Fabella [fa-bef -ah) [dim. oi faba, a bean]. A sesa- moid fibro-cartilage or small bone occasionally de- veloped in the gastrocnemius muscle at the posterior aspect of the knee-joint. Fabiana [fa-be-aii'-ah). See Pichi. Face ^fas) \_facies. the face]. A name applied to the lower and anterior part of the head, including the eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, lips, etc. F.-ache. See Tic douloureux. F., Hippocratic. See Fades. F. -plug, a small layer of cerumen lying on the membrana tympani. F. -presentation, a presenta- tion of the fetal face in labor. Facet (fas'-et) {?x.,facette, a little face]. A small plane surface. The articulating surface of a bone. Also, the flat surface occasionally seen on calculi, caused by friction upon each other. In biology, a segment of the compound eye of an insect. Facial (^fa'-shal) \^ facialis, of the face]. Pertaining to the face, as /««'«/ paralysis. F. Angle, the diver- gence between a line drawn from the upper jaw tangent to the forehead, and another to the external auditory foramen. F. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. F. Nerve. See Nerves, Table of. F. Palsy, or Pa- ralysis. See Paralysis. F. Spasm. See Spasm. F. Trophoneurosis. Synonym of Atrophy, Progressive Unilateral Facial. F. Vein. See Vein. Fades {^fa'-she-lz) [L., face]. Appearance, especially that of the face. F., Cardiac, an anxious expression occasionally seen in the early stages of chronic val- vular disease. F. hepatica, a peculiar earthy appear- ance of the face, often observed in organic disease of the liver. F. hippocratica, the Hippocratic coun- tenance, indicative of the rapid approach of dissolution; the nose seems pinched, the temples hollow, the eyes sunken, the ears leaden and cold, the lips relaxed, the skin livid. F. ovarina, the characteristic expression of women suffering from ovarian disease. The features are emaciated and sunken, the expression anxious, the forehead furrowed, the eyes hollow, the nostrils open and sharply defined, the lips long and compressed, the angles of the mouth depressed, with wrinkles encirc- ling them. F. stupida, the typhoid face. Factitious [fak-tish' -us) \_facHtius ; facere, to make]. Made by art. Artificial, as factitious teeth, etc. Facultas (fak-ul'-tas) [L.]. See Faculty. Facultative [fak'-ul-ta-tiv) \_facultas, capability]. Pertaining to acquired power. Possessing a power that is only incidentally or occasionally exercised. Ii) bacteriology, amphibious as to oxygen , or capable of living either with or without free oxygen. F. aerobia. See Aerobia. F. anaerobia. See Anae- robia. F. hyperopia, a division of manifest hy- peropia. F. Parasite, applied to such a bacterium, dipterous larva, etc., as may at times play the part of a parasite. F. Saprophyte, applied to a fungus that is normally non-parasitic but occasionally parasitic. Faculty (fak'-ul-te) [facultas, capability], A special action of the mind through the instrumentality of an organ or organs ; any function, particularly any acquired, modified, or facultative function. Also, the corps of professors and instructors of a university and its colleges. F., Medical, the corps of professors and instructors of a medical college. Fsecal, Faeces [fe'-kal,fe'-sesi). See Fecal, Feces. Fsecula [fek'-u-lah). See Fecula. Faex {feks) [L., " lees" : pL, Fceces']. The dregs or sediment of any liquid. F. sacchari, treacle or molasses. Fag [origin uncertain]. Exhaustion; tire. Stt Brain- fag- Fagara [fag-a'-rah) [L.]. The genus Xanthoxylon, q. V. Fagin [fa'-jin) [fagus, a beech-tree]. A principle contained in the husks of the nuts of the common beech [Fagus). It is said to be poisonous and narcotic. Fagopyrum [fag-o-pi'-rum). See Buckwheat. Fagus lyfa'-gus) [L., " beech-tree: " gen., Fagi\. A genus of cupuliferous trees ; the beeches. F. syl- vatica, the common beech. The bark is said to be antipyretic, the nuts anthelmintic and anticalculous. Unof. Faham [fah'-ahm) . Same as Faam. Fahrenheit's Thermometer. See Thermometer. Faint {f ant) \_fingere, to feign; M.^.,faynt, weak]. A condition of languor. Also, a state of syncope or swooning. Fainting (fdnt'-ing) [^fngere, to ieign ; ME.,faynt, weak]. A swoon ; the act of swooning. F. Sick- ness. Synonym of Epilepsy. Faintness (fant'-nes). See Syncope. Faith-cure (falh'-kur). The system or practice of at- tempting or pretending to cure diseases by religious faith and prayer alone. "It differs from mind- cure, in that the faith-curers have no mind, while the mind- curers have no faith." F.-doctor. See F.-healer. F. -healer, one who-practises the faith-cure. Falcate [fal'-kat) [falx, a sickle]. In biology, sickle-shaped. Falcial {fal' -se-til) \Jalx, a sickle]. Relating to the falx cerebri. Falcicula [fal-sik'-u-lah). See Falcula. Falciform (faV -siforni) [falx, a sickle ; ytrffzo, form] . Having the shape of a sickle. F. Ligament. See Ligament. F. Process, a process of the dura mater that separates the hemispheres of the brain ; the falx. See also Ligament, Femoral, of Hey. Falcula [fal'-ku-lah) [dim. of falx, a sickle]. The falx cerebelli. Fall (fawl) [ME., fallen, to fall]. To be dropped in birth, as a lamb. F.-drink, a Swiss and German cordial, of exceedingly varied composition and fla- vored with many aromatic and other herbs, as arnica, achillea, asperala, etc. It is regarded as a sovereign remedy for bruises and the effects of falls. Unof F. Fever. Synonym of Typhoid Fever, q. v. F.- rh6otome, an arrangement whereby a weight injures >i muscle, and at the same time breaks and makes a galvanometer circuit ; by this instrument it was shown that the demarcation-current took a certain time to develop. Fallacia {fal-a'-se-ah) [L.]. An insane delusion ; an hallucination. F. auditoria, a delusion as to hear- ing. F. optica, any visual illusion. Falling {fawl'-ing) [ME., fallen, to fall]. Dropping; losing one's equilibrium. F.-sickness, a common term for epilepsy. F. of Womb. See Uterus and Prolapsus. FALLOPIAN 459 FARCY Fallopian (fal-o'-pe-an) [Fallopius, an Italian ^anato- mist]. Of or pertaining to Fallopius. F. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. F. Tubes. See Oviducts. Utero-ovarian ligament. Ovary. Fallopian tube. 1 1 1> id ligament Umbriated ex- tremity of tube. Fimbria ovarica. Broad ligament. Right Fallopian Tube. {After Morris.) Fallopius, Aqueduct of. See Aqueduct. F., Arch of. See ArcA. F, Canal of. See Aquedvct. F., Hiatus of, an opening in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, for the transmission of the petrosal branch of the Vidian nerve. Fallow Wards. Certain wards in hospitals that are occasionally cleared of patients and are then tempor- arily disused. False (Jawls) \_falsus, deceptive]. Not genuine. Feigning or closely counterfeiting. F. Amnion, the vesicula serosa, which disappears as the chorion is developed. F. Ankylosis, ankylosis due to rigidity of the soft tissues. F. Bittersweet. See Climbing Staff-tree. F. Conception. See F. Germ. F. Germ, a mole, q. v. F. Groiiiwell, the root of Onosmodium virginianum, reputed to be tonic and diuretic. Doseof thefld. ext. It\,xv-gss. Unof. F. Hearing. See Pseudacousma. F. Image, the image of the deviating eye, in diplopia. F. Joint, a result of non-union of a fractured bone. F. Measles. Synonym of Rotheln, q. v. F. Membrane, a fibrinous exudate upon a surface, as the fauces. F. Pains, pains that precede true labor-pains. F. Passage, a passage formed by the laceration of any canal, e. g., the urethra, caused by the forcible introduction of a catheter or other instrument in the wrong direction. F. Pelvis, the portion of the pelvic cavity situated above the linea ileo-pectinea. F. Peritonitis, hysteri- cal manifestations simulating peritonitis. F. Pneu- monia, peripneumonia notha. F.^ Pox. Synonym of Varicella. F. Ribs. See Ribs. F. Water, a collection of fluid in catarrhal endometritis. Palsetto (fawl-set'-o) [Ital.]. A voice both high- pitched and peculiarly modified as to quality ; the highest register of the human voice. It is more obvious in the male than in most female voices. Falsification (fawl-sif-ik-a' -shun) \^falsus, deceptive ; facere, to make]. The fraudulent adulteration of foods or medicines ; counterfeiting. Falx [falks) [L.]. A sickle. Same as Falx cerebii. In biology, variously used to designate falciform structures ; e. g, the poison-fangs of a serpent or the chelicerse of a spider. F. cerebelli, the falcula ; a sickle-like process between the lobes of the cerebellum. F. cerebri, the sickle-like process of the dura, separat- ing the hemispheres of the cerebrum. Famelic (fam-el'-ik) [famelicus, hungry]. Marked by extreme hunger ; effective in overcoming the sensa- tion of hunger. 'Fa.ra&Mca. [fam-el'-ik-ah) [famelicus, hungry]. Febris famelica ; fever accompanied by hunger. Fames (/a'-w2^z) [L.]. Hunger. F. bovina, bulimia. F. canina ("dog-hunger"), bulimia. F. lupina, (" wolf-hunger"), extreme bulimia. Family [fam'-il-e) \_familia, a household]. The per- sons belonging to a household. In biology, a class of genera similar in organic structure. F. Ataxia. See Paramyoclonus multiplex. F. Diseases, those diseases that are hereditary. Famine (fam'-in) \_ fames, hunger] . Severe and con- tinued hunger. Also, a general scarcity of food, which results in the starvation of many people. F. Bread, a lichen, Umbilicaria arctica, found in frozen regions, and serviceable, in extremity, as human food. F. Fever. Same as Relapsing Fever, q. u. Fanaticism {fan-af -is-izm) [fanaticus, pertaining to a temple]. Perversion and excess of the religious sen- timent. It often trenches upon the domain of insanity ; and is sometimes an outcome, at other times a cause, of mental disease. Fang [ME. , feng, a catch]. In biology, any prehensile part or organ. See Teeth. Fantome [fan'-tum). See Phantom. Far [E. dial.]. The young of swine ; a litter of pigs. Far [ME., fer, at a distance]. At a distance. F. Point. See Punctum. remotum. F.-sightedness, a colloquial term for Hypermetropia. Farabeuf's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Farad i^ far' -ad) [after Michael Faraday, a chemist]. The unit of electric capacity. Practically a capacity sufficient to hold one coulomb of current having a potential of one volt. The micro-farad, -tttj^cttt of the theoretic farad, is commonly used. A practi- cal form of condenser of one farad capacity consists of 300 leaves of tinfoil, each 16 centimeters in diame- ter, separated by leaves of mica. The entire surface is about of 1. 1 sq. meters area. See Electric Units. Faradic [far-ad' -ik) [named from its discoverer, Michael Faraday]. Pertaining to induced electric currents. F. Current, the induced electric current. See Current. F. Induction is brought about by a. current of electricity passing through a wire exciting a wave of electricity in a second wire placed near or parallel with it at the instant of opening and closing the circuit. Faradimeter [far-ad-im' -et-er) \_Faraday ; jikTpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the strength of an induced electric current. Faradism i^far' -ad-izni) [after Michael Faraday, a chemist]. I. Induced electricity. 2. The applica- tion of induced currents to the treatment of disease. Faradization, or Faradism { far-ad-iz-a' -shun , or far'-ad-izm) [after Michael Faraday, a chemist]. The application of the induced current to a diseased part, or for disease. Farado-puncture i^far-ad-o-punk' -chur) [Faraday ; punctura, a puncture]. The passage of a faradic cur- rent into the tissues by acupuncture. Farcimen [far-si'-men) \_farciminum, farcy : pi. , Far- cimina'] . Farcy ; also, a farcy-bud. Farcin (far' -sin) [Fr.]. Same as Farcy. Farcinia [far-sin' -e-ah). Synonym of Equinia. Farcinoma [far-sin-o'-mah ) \_farciminum, farcy ; ifia, a tumor : pi., Farcinomata'\. A farcy-bud, or glander- ous tumor ; less correctly, farcy, or glanders. 'Pa.rctas [fark'-tus) [L., a " stuffing "]. Emphraxis; congestion ; infarction. Farcy (far'-se). See Equinia and Bacillus of Nocard, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of F.-bud, or FARDEL-BOUND 460 FASTING F.-button. A nodular swelling in the course of a lymphatic vessel in glanders. Fardel-bound {far' -del-bownd) [fardel, a load ; ME., bounden']. I. A term applied to neat cattle or sheep affected with inflammation of the abomasum, or of the omasum, with impaction of food in the latter. Fardel-bound cattle are said to have " lost the cud." Farding-bag [far' -ding-bag). The first stomach of a ruminant animal ; the paunch or rumen . Farfara [far'-far-ah). See Coltsfoot. Farina (far-e'-nak) [farina, meal]. The ground or powdered fecula of seeds, especially that of corn, barley, rye, and wheat. In biology, applied to the pollen of flowers, and to the powdery substance found on certain insects. , Farinaceous [far-in-a' -she-us) [farina, meal]. Hav- ing the nature of or yielding flour. Also, applied to very fine furfuraceous exfoliations. Farinose {far'-in-os) [farina, meal]. In biology, covered with a flour-like powder, as certain leaves and insects. Farrant's Solution. See Mounting Fluids, and Media. Farre's Tubercles. 'Si^^ Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Farriery {far'-yer-e) [ferraria, pertaining to iron]. The art of treating the diseases of horses ; veterinary surgery. Farrow [far'-o) [ME. ,farh,faren, a little pig]. I. A little pig. 2. To bring forth, as pigs. Fascia (fash' -e-ah) [fascia, ahsmi: pi., Fascus'\. The membranous, fibrous covering of muscles and other organs. In biology, applied to any broad, transverse band of color on the hair, feathers, scales, or stems. F., Anal. See F., Ischio-rectal. F. of Arm [Brach- ial'), invests the muscles of the arm attached to the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula. F., Cervical, Deep, invests the muscles of the neck and encloses the vessels and nerves. F., Cervical, Super- ficial, that just beneath the skin. F., Cloquet's. See Septum crurak. P., Cranial, a firm, dense layer, adherent to the skin and occipito-frontalis muscle. F., Cremasteric, forms a looped, thin covering of the spermatic cord. F., Cribriform, the sieve- like covering of the saphenous opening. F. dentata, a serrated band of cinerea of the hippocampal gyrus of the cerebrum. F. of the Dorsum of the Foot, forms a sheath for the dorsal tendons of the foot. F., Iliac, lines the back part of the abdominal cavity, covering the psoas and iliacus muscles. F., Infundi- buliform, the funnel-shaped membrane enclosing the spermatic cord and testis in a distinct pouch. F., Intercolumnar, from the margins of the external ab- dominal ring, forming a sheath for the cord and testis. F., Intercostal, a thin, firm layer of fascia covering the outer surface of the external intercostal and the inner surface of the internal intercostal muscles. F., Ischio-rectal, covers the perineal aspect of the leva- tor ani muscle. F. lata, the dense fibrous aponeu- rosis surrounding the thigh, called the £>eep F. of the Thigh. F., Deep, of Leg, continuous with the last, surrounds the leg. F., Lumbar, the posterior apo- neurois of the transversalis muscle, divided into three layers. F. of Mamma, part of the superficial fascia of the thorax, which divides into two layers, one pass- ing in front, and one behind the mamma. F. nodosa. Packer's Knot, a knotted bandage formerly used to make compression over the temporal artery. F., Obturator, continuation of the pelvic, surrounding the obturator muscle. F., Pelvic, lines the cavity of the pelvis, continuous with the transversalis and the iliac fascia. F., Perineal, the deep, called the triangular ligament, closes the front part of the outlet of the pel- vis ; it is attached to the pubes and rami of the isch- ium. F., Plantar, the fibrous membrane of the sole of the foot. F., Recto-vesical, the visceral layer of the pelvic fascia, investing the prostate, bladder, and rectum. F., Spermatic, a thin fascia attached to the external abdominal ring, and prolonged down over the outer surface of the chorda testis. F. spirales. See Ascia. F., Temporal, a strong fibrous investment covering the temporal muscle. F., Transversalis, a fascia continuous with the iliac and pelvic fasciae, and lying between the transversalis muscle and the peritoneum. Fascial (fash'-e-al) [fascialis, of a fascia]. Pertain- ing to or of the nature of a fascia. Fasciate {fash' -e-at) [fascia, a bundle or band]. In biology, banded ; also applied to monstrous stems that grow flat. Fasciation {fash-e-a' -shun) [fasciatio ; fascia, a band- age]. The art or act of bandaging. Fascicle (Jas'-ik-l) [dim. of fascis, a bundle]. In biology, a bundle, as a compact inflorescence or a cluster of leaves. See Fasciculus. Fasciculate, or 'Pa.sc\cvXsX^i.{fas-ik'-u-ldt,fas-ik'-u- la-ted) [fasiculus, a little bundle]. Arranged in fasciculi, or little bundles. Fascicule {fas'-ik-ui) [fasciculus, a small bundle]. In biology, applied to brush-like bundles of hairs often seen on caterpillars, etc. Fasciculus (fas-ik' -u-lus) [dim. oi fascis, a bundle: pi., Fasciculi']. A little bundle, as the fasciculus of fibers that compose a nerve. F., Olivary. See Fillet, Olivary. F. of Tiirck, the crossed pyramidal tract of the spinal cord. Fascination {fas-in-a' -shun) [fascinatio, a bewitch- ing]. A form of incomplete hypnodsm, intermediate between somnambulism and catalepsy ; the alleged controlling influence of one person over another. Fasciola (fas-i'-o-lah) [L., a small bandage]. The dorsal continuation of the fascia dentata of the cere- brum. F. hepatica. See Trematodes. F. hepati- cum. See Distoma hepaticum. Fasciole [fas'-e-ol) [fasciola, a small bandage]. In biology, a narrow transverse band or stripe. Fascioliasis [fas-e-o-li'-as-is) [fasciola, a small band- age] . A term employed in England for Distomiasis (Wiarae), or Distomatosis (Zundel). Fasciotomy [fash-e-ot'-o-me). See Aponeurotomy. Fast [ME.,/aji', firm, ^iaS; fasten, to fast]. Fixed; immovable ; close ; sound, as sleep ; to abstain from food ; abstinence from food. F. Color. See Pig- ments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs F.-blue. Same as Alkali Blue, Coupler's Blue, Methylene-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. F. -brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of . F.-green. ^^e. Pigments, Conspectus of. F.-red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. F.-yellow. Same as Acid Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Fastidium (fas-tid'-e-um) [L., "a loathing"]. A loathing for food or drink. Fastigatum (Jas-tig-a'-tum). See Nucleus fastigii. Fastigiate, Fastigiated [fas-tif -e-St , -a'-ted) [fastiga- tus, sloping, pointed]. In biology, tapering gradually ; close, parallel. Fastigium (/rtj-ft'/'-f-KW^) [L., "summit"]. I. The acme of any disease. 2. A dorsal extension of the adult epicele into the cerebellum ; its cephalic and caudal slopes meet like a gable-roof, whence its name. Fasting {fast'-ing) [ME. , fasten, to fast]. The partial or complete abstinence from food. F.-cure. See Limotherapy. F.-mania, a prevalent or epidemic practice of absolute and complete fasting, mainly for exhibition and profit, such as occurred in 1890-9I. Fifty-five days appears to be the extreme limit reached as yet by any professional abstainer from food. F.- FAT 461 FEBRIFUGAL girls, hysterical women who, for the sake of gaining sympathy and attention, pretend to fast, but for the most part secretly obtain food. Fat [ME., /a/, fat]. Ste Adeps, Tissue, aa& Oil. ¥.- ball, a mass of fatty substance on the dorsal aspect of the buccinator muscle ; called also Bichafs fat- ball. F.-cell, a form of connective-tissue cell con- taining oil-globules. F. -column, a columnar-shaped space filled with adipose tissue found in the thicker por- tion of the cutis vera. F.-necrosis, a peculiar form of "^^^c^ tissue Gnneciive iissus MbrOs. Fat-cells. X 340. necrosis of a tissue occurring in pin-point sized areas of a dead-white color. It is seen usually in the interlobu- lar pancreatic tissue, mesentery, omentum, and ab- dominal fatty tissue generally, and frequently in con- nection with pancreatic disease. F. -rickets, that form of rickets in which there is not excessive ema- ciation. Fatal {fa' -tat) \_fatalis ; fatum, fate, destiny, death]. Ending with death ; mortal ; deadly ; as a fatal acci- dent or attack. Fatigue {fa-teg') \_fatigo, weariness]. Weariness, tiredness. That condition of diminished capacity for work produced in a muscle by prolonged activity. F.-diseases, those caused by constant repetition of certain movements, such as Tailors' cramp. Writers' cramp. Scriveners' palsy, etc. See Cramp, and Spasm. F.-stuffs, decomposition products that have accumulated in the muscular tissue during ex- haustive efforts ; among them are phosphates, phos- phoric acid, carbonic acid, and perhaps glycerin-phos- phoric acid. Fatty {fat'-e) [ME.,/a^, fat]. A qualification applied to certain carbon derivatives, including fats and fatty acids. They were better called marsh-gas or methane derivatives, as they can all be obtained from methane, CHj. See Acids, Fatty. F. Degeneration. See Degeneration. F. Heart. See Heart. F. Nut- meg. Same as Nutmeg Liver. Fatuity [fat-u'-it-e) ^fatuitas, foolishness]. Amentia or dementia. Fauces (faw'-slz) [L.]. The gullet or windpipe. The space surrounded by the palate, tonsils, and uvula. In biology, the throat of a monopetalous flower or the cavity of a gasteropod shell as exposed in the first whorl. F., Isthmus of, the space at the back of the mouth enclosed by the margin of the palate, the back of the tongue, the pillars of the soft palate and the tonsils. F., Pillars of, the folds of mucous membrane between the base of the uvula and the posterior border of the tongue. Fauchard's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Faucial [fam' -se-al) [fauces, the gullet]. Pertaining to the fauces. Faucitis {Jaw-si' -tis) [fauces, the gullet ; niq, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the fauces; isthmitis. Fault {fawlt) \yiE.,faut, a lack]. In electricity, any failure in the proper working of a circuit due to ground-contacts, cross- contacts, or disconnections. These may be of three kinds : I. Disconnections ; 2. Earths ; 3. Contacts. Fauna (faw'-nah) [Faunus, the god of agriculture : //., Faunce or Faunas'^. The entire animal life of any geographic area or geologic period. Faunorum ludibria (fawn-o'-rum lu-dib' -re-ah) [L., "sport of the fauns"]. An old designation for nightmare and for epilepsy. Favaginous {fav-af -in-us) \_favus, a honeycomb]. Resembling favus ; having a honeycombed surface. Favella {fav-el'-ah) \_favilla, embers: pi., Favellte]. In biology, an irregular mass of spores embedded in a gelatinous material, and constituting a form of sporo- carp found in the P'lorideae. Faveolate {fav-e'-o-ldt) [favus, honeycomb]. Favose, honeycombed ; same as alveolate. Faveolus {fav-e' -o-lus) [favus, a honeycomb : pi., Faveoli\ In biology, a pit or cell like that of the honeycomb. Faviform {fav'-iform) [favus, honeycomb ; forma, form]. Resembling a honeycomb; a designation of certain ulcerated surfaces. Favous, or Favose {fav'-us or fav-os') [favus, honeycomb]. Resembling a honeycomb ; resembling favus ; alveolate ; filled with polygonal depressions. Favulus {fav'-u-lus) [dim. of favus, a honeycomb : pi., Favuli']. Any one of the honeycomb-like depres- sions or alveoli of the gastric mucous membrane. Favus {fa'-vus) [favus, honeycomb]. Tinea favosa ; Honeycomb Rmgraorm, a parasitic skin- disease due to the presence of a vegetable parasite, the Achorion schonleinii, which, growing in the epidermis, hair, and nails, causes varying grades of inflammation, alterations of structure, and, when occurring upon hairy parts, partial or complete loss of hair. It is characterized by the presence of variously-sized, sul- phur-yellow, cup-shaped crusts, having a peculiar musty odor, which are found on microscopic examina- tion to be composed almost entirely of the elements of the fungus. F.-cup, any one of the . cup-shaped crusts that characterize favus. Faxwax {faks'-waks) [fax, hair; Ger. , wachsen, to grow] . The ligameutum nuchae, or the material of which it is composed. It is also called paxwax. Fear {fer) [ME., /«?■]. An emotion of dread ; appre- hension ; the feeling which in its intenser manifesta- tions is called terror or fright. Feather {feth'-er) [k.'a. , fedher\ One of the epider- mal appendages of birds. F. Respiration-register. See Anesthetic. Feature {fe'-ckiir) [factura, a making]. Any single part or lineament of the face. Febricity {fe-bris'-it-e) [febris, a fever]. Feverishness. Febricula {fe-brik' -u-lah) [L., dim. of /«im, fever]. A term indicating a slight and short fever, most fre- quently encountered among children. The rash that accompanies it is very similar to that of scarlet fever. Febrifacient [feb-re-fa' -se-ent) [febris, a fever; facere, to make]. Causing fever. Febriferous {fe-brif'-er-us) [febris, a fever ; ferre, to bear]. Causing or conveying fever. Febrific {fe-brif ' -ik) [febris, a fever] . Febrifacient. Febrifugal { fe-brif ' -u-gal) [febris, fever; fugare, to dispel]. Removing or dispelling fever. FEBRIFUGE 462 FEMINONUCLEUS Febrifuge [feb'-rif-ilj ) \_febris, fever ; fugare, to dis- pel]. I. Antipyretic ; cooling ; lessening or relieving fever. 2. An agent that lessens fever. Febrile [fe'-bril) \_febrilis; febris, a fever]. Pertain- ing to or having the symptoms of a fever. Febrility (fe-briV -it-e) \_ febris, a fever]. The quality of being febrile ; feverishness. Febris (^'-iJm) [L.]. 'a^e. Fever. F. bullosa. Synonym ' ol Pemphigus . F. catarrhalis. Synonym of /»/f»^»03. F. dysenterica. Synonym of Dysentery. F. fatne- lica. See Famelica. F. flava. See Fever, Yellow. F. nigra. Synonym of Fever, Cerebrospinal. F. recurrens. Synonym of Fever, Relapsing. F. re- mittens. See Fever, Remittent. Fecal [fe'-kal) [_/izx, sediment]. Pertaining to or consisting of feces. Fecaline [fet-kal-ln) . Same as Fecaloid. Fecaloid (fe'-kal-oid) \_ftic. Fe2(CeH50,)26H20. F. chlorid., Tinct., contains liq. ferri chlor. 25, alcohol q. s. It is very commonly used, and is one of the best tonic preparations. Dose n^v— xx. Tinct. fer. perchloridi (B.P.). Dose Tr\,x-xx. F. citras, solu- ble in water, insoluble in alcohol ; a mild stimulant. Dose gr. ij-v. F. citras, Liq., a solution of ferri citrat, , 35 per cent, in strength. Dose Tt\^ v-xv. F. citras, Vinum, ammonio-ferric citrate 4, tinct. orange peel, syrup, aa 12, stronger white wine 72 parts. Dose gj- ij. F. hypophosphis, Fe2(HjP02)g, ferric hypo- phosphite, soluble in very dilute hydrochloric acid. Dose gr.' v-x. F. iodidum saccharat., soluble in water. It is a tonic. Dose gr. v-xxv. F. iodid., Pil., contains reduced iron, iodin, liquorice, sugar,acacia, and water, coated with balsam of tolu in ether. Dose j-ij pills. F. iodidi, Syr., contains 10 per cent, of the iodid. Dose n\, v-xxx. F. lactas, Fe(C3H50g)2.3HjO, ferrous lactate, — best solvent, sodium citrate. Dose gr. j-iij. F. nitratis, Liq., aqueous, contains 6 per cent, of the salt ; it is styptic and astringent. Dose tT\,v-xv. F. oxalas, FeCjO^.HjO. Dose gr. ij in pill. F. oxid. hydratum (Ferri peroxid. hydrat. B.P.), Fe(H0)5, ferric hydrate, prepared by adding aq. ammoniae 8 parts to a solution of ferric sulphate 10 parts. It is an antidote for arsenical poisoning, and should be prepared as needed. Dose 3 j. F. oxid. hydrat. cum magnesia, should be prepared as needed from sol. ferric sulphate 1000 gr. , water 2000 grains, to which is added magnesia 150 gr., water g xxxij. It is an antidote for arsenic. F., Bmplastrum, strengthening-plaster ; ferric hy- drate 9, olive-oil 5, Burgundy pitch 14, lead-plaster 72. F., Trochisci, have each of ferric hydrate dried gr. V, vanilla gr. y'j-, sugar and mucilage of traga- canth q. s. Dose j-iij each day. F. phosphas, FcjPjOj.SHjO, an adjuvant to laxative pills, gr. v-x. F. phosphat., Syr. (B.P.). Dose 3 j. Fox's Pill (B.P.), Blaud's Pill. See /';7/. F. pyrophos- phas, tasteless and non-astringent. Dose gr. ij-v. F. subchloridi, Syr. (B.P.). Dose gss-j. F. sul- phas, F'eS04.7H20, copperas, protosulphate of iron, ferrous sulphate, astringent and irritating. It is an ingredient of pil. aloes et ferri, q. v. F. sulph. ex- siccat., FeSOj.HjO. Dose gr. ss-ij in pill. F. sulph. granulatus (Ferri sulphas granulata, B. P.), FeS- FERTILE 465 FETUS O4.7H2O, the foregoing precipitated from its solution by alcohol. Dose gr. ss-ij. F. subsulph. , Liq., Fe^O (SOJ5, Monsel's solution, an aqueous solution of basic sulphate of iron, powerfully astringent, st3^tic and hemostatic ; it is rarely given internally. Dose n^,iij-x. F. valerianas, Fe2(C5Hg02)5, valerianate of iron, soluble in alcohol. Dose gr. j-iij, in pill. F. et ammonii citras, citrate of iron 3, water of ammonia I part. Dose gr. ij-v. F. et ammonii sulphas, am- monic sulphate of iron, ferric alum. This is the least astringent of the sulphates. Dose gr. ij-v. F. et am- monii tartras (F. tartaratum, B.P.), ammonic tar- trate of iron. Dose gr. v-xx. F. et potassii tartras, the least disagreeable of all iron preparations. Dose gr. v-x. F. et quininae citras, contains 12 per cent, of quiuin. It is astringent and stimulant. Dose gr. iij-v. F. et quin. cit., Liq., of doubtful value. Dose Tt\_v-xv. F. et quin. citras solubilis, used, in preparing vinum ferri amarum. F., Vinum amarum, bitter wing of iron, contains sol, citrate of iron and quinin 8, tinct. orange-peel 12, syrup 36, stronger white wine 44. It is a good substitute for the various "elixirs of calisaya and iron." Dose .^j-iv. F. et strychninae citras, contains I per cent, of strychnin. It is astringent and stimulating. Dose gr. j-iij. F. et ammonii acetat. Liq., Basham^'s mixture, con- tains tinct. fer, chlorid 2, acetic acid 3. liq. ammonii acet. 20, elixir aurantii 10, syrup 15, water 50 parts. It is very agreeable, tonic and diuretic. Dose 3 ij-v. Unofficial preparations. — F. albuminas. Dose gr. x-xxx. F. arsenias, FejAsjOg (not to be con- founded with arsemV of iron) . Dose gr. xV^b- ^• dialysatum, dialyzed iron, a ten per cent, oxychlorid in water. It is astringent and styptic, but only feebly chalybeate. Dose tt\^x-xxx. Liq. ferri dialyzat. (B.P.). Dose mx-xxx. F. et manganesii iodidi, Syr., containing in each fluid ounce 50 grains of iodids in proportion of 3 of iron to I of manganese. Dose n\,x-xxx-2J. F. et manganesii phosphat., Syr., syrup of phosphate of iron and manganese. Each (i:am contains 2 gr. phosph. of iron and I grain of manganese. Dose gj. F., Mistura, aromat., pale cinchona bark 4, calumba 2, cloves I, iron- wire 2, tinct. cardamom, comp. 12, tinct. orange-peel 2, water of peppermint 50. Dose |j-ij. F., Mist., laxans, ferrous sulphate gr. ij, magnesium sulphate 3J> dilute sulphuric acid tt;,iij, spt. chloroform n\,xx, water of peppermint ad gj. F., Mist., salicylat., olei gaul- theriae n\^xxxij, tr. ferri chlorid fgiv, sodii salicylat. giv, acid, citric, gr. x, glycerin, f.^j, liq. ammonii citrat. (B. P.) q. s. ad fgiv ; iron to be added last in mixing. Ferro-salin., Mist,, magnesium sulphate g j, potassium bitartrate gj, dried sulphate of iron gr. x, water gxxxij. Dose a wineglassful. F.phosphatum, quininae et strychninae, Syr., Easton's syrup, unof. Each gj contains gr. j phosph. of iron, gr. j quinin, and gr. /^ strychnin. F. Salicylas. Dose gr. j-v. F. Tersulphatis, Liq., solution of ferric sulphate, used in making other iron preparations. Fertile {fer' -til) Ifertilis, fruitful]. Prolific, fruitful. In botany, applied to flowers having a pistil. Fertilization (y^r-AV-iz-fl'-j/^aK) [/ertilis,ftmt{a]]. Im- pregnation ; fecundation ; the initial act of sexual re- production ; it consists essentially in the union of two cells possessing respectively male and female qualities. Fertilizing Pouch {fer'-til-iz-ing powch). A folded apparatus connected with the oviduct of queen bees. '^^m\&{fer'-u-lah) [L., "a rod"]. I. Giant fennel. A genus of the order Umbelliferse. See Asafetida, Galbanum, Sumbul, Sagapenum. 2. A splint. Fervor (fer'-vor) [L., "heat"]. Fever-heat; it is defined as being more than calor and less than ardor. 30 Fessitude [fes'-it-ild) ^/essus, weary], A sensation of weariness. Fester [fes'-ter) [ME., fester']. I. Any small or super- ficial ulceration. 2. To inflame slightly. Festination Ifes-tin-^-sAun) [festinare, to hasten] . A symptom of paralysis agitans and other diseases in which the patient shows in walking a tendency to take quicker and quicker steps. Propulsion or retropulsion are coincident symptoms. Fetal {fe'-tal) [fetus, an offspring]. Pertaining to the fetus. Fetation (yi-to''-.ry4«») [y^<«j, a fetus], i. The forma- tion of a fetus. 2. Pregnancy. Fetich, Fetish {fe'-tisk). Any material object re- garded with veneration or awe. Fetichism, Fetishism [fe' -tis/i-izm) [Fr., fetich']. The term applied by Binet to the sexual perversion exhibited by collectors of napkins, shoes, etc. He maintains that these articles play here the part of the fetish in early theology. The favors given by the women to the knights in the Middle Ages were both tokens of remembrance and sexual excitants of satis- faction. Fetichism is the association of lust with the idea of certain portions of the female person, or with certain articles of female attire. It is designated as dress-f, hair-f, hand-f., glove-f, shoe-f, etc., ac- cording to the object worshiped. Fetichist [fe'-tish-ist) [Fr., fetich]. An individual whose sexual interest is confined exclusively to parts of the female body, or to certain portions of female attire. ' Feticide {fe' -tis-ld) [fetus, an unborn offspring ; ccedere, to kill]. The killing by intent of the fetus in the womb. Fetid [fe'-tid, or fet'-id) [fetere, to become putrid]. Having a foul odor. F. Stomatitis. Synonym^of Ulcerative Stomatitis. Fetiferous [fe-tif -er-us) [fetus, a fetus ; ferre, to bear] . Pregnant. Fetiparous [fe-iip'-ar-us) [fetus, a fetus ; parere, to produce]. Giving birth to a fetus. Fetlock {fet'-lok) [ME. , ftlokes] . A tuft of hair grow- ing behind the pastern-joint of horses. F. -joint, the joint of a horse's leg next to the foot. Fetlow {fet'-lo) [E. ,dial]. A kind of whitlow or felon, seen upon cattle. Fetometry {fe-tom' -et-re) [fetus, offspring ; fihpov, measure]. The measurement of the fetus, especially of its cranial diameters. The measurements usually made are as follows : — Table of Measurements. I. Of the Child. Length, .50 cm. (20 in> Bisacromial, 12 " (4.8 ") 2. Head. Bitemporal, 8 cm. {^^ in) Biparietal, 9^4 " (sVi ") Occipito-frontal; liji " (4j^ ") -mental iz'A " isH ' ) Trachelo-bregmatic gl4 " (354 ") Circumference, occipito-frontal . . . 345^ " (138") Weight of Child 2737 grms. (7j^ pounds). Fetor (fe'-tor) [L. ] . Stench ; offensive odor. F. narium. Synonym of Ozena. Fetter-bone {fet'-er-bori). In farriery, the same as great pastern. See Pastern. Fettered [fet'-erd). In biology, applied to animals, as the seal, which have the hind limbs modified so as to unfit them for walking. Fetus [fe'-tus] [fetus, offspring]. The young of vi- viparous animals in the womb ; the embryo in the later stages of development. The following is a table of the development of the embryo and fetus in the FETUS 466 FEVER different months of pregnancy. First Month. Indis- tinguishable from ovum of other mammals. It is a flat- tened vesicle. The embryo is nourished by a yelk- sac y^hich, even at the end of the first month, is larger than the cephalic extremity of the fetus. The Occipito-mental /^ Fronto-mental. Occipito- frontal. Sub-occipito- bregtiiatic. Cervico-bregmatic. Diameters of the Fetal Head. {Tamier.) visceral arches are distinct. The heart, first traces of liver and kidneys, eyes, rudimentary extremities, oral and anal orifices are formed. The spinal canal closes (spina bifida results if this fails to occur at this time). Length, I cm., or .4 inch. Second Month. Grovps to 4 cm. in length (1.57 inches), and is about the size of a pigeon's egg. The visceral clefts close, except the first, which forms the external auditory meatus, tym- panum, and Eustachian tube. At this time arrest of development results in hare-lip, umbilical hernia, or exomphalos. Eyes, nose, and ears are distinguishable. The first suggestion of hands and feet appears, and these are wrebbed. External genitals also now develop, but sex is not to be differentiated. Third Month. Maternal blood affords nourishment; 9 cm. long (3.6 inches) , and about the size of a goose-egg. Fingers and tofjslose their webbed character and nails appear as fine membranes. Points of ossification are found in most of the bones. The neck separates the head from the trunk, and sex is determined by the appear- ance of the uterus. Weight, 30 grms. = 463 grains. Fourth Month. l6 cm. = 6 in. in length. Lanugo is present. Intestines contain meconium. Sex is well defined. Weight, 55 grms. = 848.76 grains. Fifth Month. 25 cm. = lo in. Vernix caseosa appears in places. The face is senile in appearance and wrinkled. Eyelids begin to open. Quickening occurs. Heart-sounds are heard. Weight, 273 grms. = 10.8 oz. Sixth Month. 30 cm. = 12 in. Hair grows longer. Eyebrows and lashes appear. The testicles approach the inguinal rings. Weight, 715 grms. = 23 oz. Seventh Month. 35 cm. =: 14 in. Pupillary membrane disappears. Weight, 1213 grms. = 39 oz. Eighth Month. 40 cm. = 16 in. Down on the face begins to disappear. The left testicle has descended. Ossification begins in the lower epiphysis of the femur. The nails do not project beyond the finger-tips. Weight, 1617 grms. = i,\ lbs. Ninth Month. 45 cm. ^= 18 in. Subcutaneous fat increases. Diameters of the head about I to Ij^ cm. less than at term. Weight, 1990 grms. =: 5j lbs. Mature Lengths and Weights of the Fetus at Different Stages of its Development. grains. 1st mont: 1, I cm. .4 in 2d 4 '' 1-57 " 3d 9 3-6 30 grms. 463 4th 16 " 6 55 848,76 5th 25 " 10 273 108 6th 30 " 12 " 715 23 7th 35 " 14 " 1213 8th 40 16 1617 4'A 9th 45 " 18 " 1990 10th 50 " 20 " 2737 vA Fetus. 50 cm. long = 20 inches ; weight, 2737 grms. = 7^ lbs. Skin is rosy ; lanugo has disappeared. The nails are perfect and project beyond the finger tips. The eyes are opened. The center of ossifi- cation in the lower epiphysis of femur is 5 mm. in diameter, while that of the cuboid bone is just be- ginning to show. Diameters of head are normal. F., Amorphous. See Anideus. F. Anideus. See Ani- deus. F. in fetu (fetus within the fetus) , the name applied to those interesting inclusions in which the stronger fetus in its growth has included within its organism the parts of the weaker fetus. F. papjrra- ceus, the name given to the malformation resulting in a twin-pregnancy, when, owing to an inequality in the circulation of the embryos, the weaker fetus dies, and by the continually increasing pressure of the growing fetus is flattened more and more against the uterine walls, until the mass has a thickness little greater than stout parchment. F., Position of, the ppsition occu- pied by the fetus in the mother's womb. It may be oblique, transverse, or longitudinal. Also, the posi- tion occupied by the fetus with reference to the mother's pelvis. See Table (p. 467). F., Presen- tation of, that part of the fetus that presents in labor. See Presentation. Feuillea {fu-il' -e-ah) [after Louis Feuillet, a French naturalist]. A genus of cucurbitaceous climbing plants. The seeds of F. cordifolia, of Jamaica, are emetic and purgative. F. trilobata, of Brazil, has similar qualities. Unof. Fever {Je'-ver) \_febris, a fever]. A systemic disease or symptom of disease whose distinctive characteristic is elevation of temperature, accompanied also by quickened circulation, increased katabolism or tissue- waste, and disordered secretions. F., Abdominal. See i^,, Typhoid. F., Adeno-nervous. Synonym of Plague, q. u. F., Adeno-typhoid. Synonym of F., Mediterranean. F., African. See F., Yellow, and Dengue. Also the same as F. , Congo. F. and Ague. See F., Intermittent. F., Amatory. See Amatory. F., Anomalous, one the symptoms of which are irregular. F., Aquamalarial. Same as /I, Malarial. F., Ardent, a non-specific, continued fever occurring in hot climates, in which the ordinary symp- toms of febricula are exaggerated. See Ardent. F., Articular. See Dengue. F., Asthenic, one with a low- fever temperature, weak circulation, and great loss of nervous force, F., Ataxic, ^ee F., Typhus. ¥., Atypic. See F. , Anomalous. F., Ballast, fever on shipboard ; said to be due to decaying organic mattei in the ballast. F., Barbadoes, Synonym of F., Yellow. F., Barcelona. Synonym of F., Yellow. F.-bark. See Alstonia. F., Bilious, one accom- panying affections of the digestive organs. F., Black. Synonym of Cerebrospinal meningitis. F., Blackwater, a fever occurring on the west coast of Africa, and characterized by attacking only those who have already suffered from malarial fever. There is a chill followed by lumbar pain, slight jaundice, fever, and the passage of porter-like urine. Bilious vomiting may occur, and death with uremic symptoms. It occurs in paroxysms — in other words, it is a paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. F., Bladdery. I. A vulgar name for Pemphigus. 2. Same as F., Catheter. F. -blister, a vesicular or pustular dermal eruption seen near the mouth, after a febrile disturb- ance, often occurring after a common cold. See Herpes facialis and // labialis. F., Boa Vista. Synonym of F. , Yelloiv. F., Bona, a form of malignant malarial fever in Algeria, F., Bouquet. Synonym of /'«?«<'■ F., Brain, fever associated with cerebral disturbance, or with inflammation of the cerebral meninges; F., TABLE OF THE POSITIONS AND PRESENTATIONS OF THE FETUS. > 1 Varieties. ■i 1^ II Position of Fetus. Position of Fetal Heart-sounds. Mortality. (I. J t .1 Vertex. 95 per cent, of all cases. Left occipito- anterior. L.O.A. ,70 per cent. Occiput to left acetabulum, fore- ., head to right sacro-iliac joint ; back to left; extremities to right, above. One inch below, and to left of umbilicus. 5 per cent. Less than I per cent. Left occipito- posterior. L.O.P. Occiput to left sacro-iliac joint, forehead to right acetabulum ; back in left flank; extremities to right, anteriorly. In left flank, below a transverse line through umbilicus. Over 9 per cent. Right occipito- anterior. R.O.A. Occiput to right acetabulum, fore- head to left sacro-iliac joint; back to right; extremities to left, above. Near median line, be- low umbilicus. Over 9 per cent. Right occipito- posterior. RO.P. 30 per cent. Occiput to right sacro-iliac joint, forehead to left acetabulum; back in right flank; extremi- ties to left, anteriorly. In right flank, below a transverse line through umbilicus. 5 per cent. Face. 5^ of I per cent. Left mento- anterior. L.M.A. Second in fre- quency. Chin to left acetabulum, forehead to right sacro-iliac joint ; back to right; extremities to left. Left side of abdomen, below umbilicus. 13 to 15 per cent. 6 per cent. Left mento- posterior. L.M.P. Chin to left sacro-iliac joint, fore- head to right acetabulum ; back to right ; extremities to left. Left side of abdomen, below umbilicus.' Right mento- anterior. R.M.A Chin to right acetabulum, fore- head to left sacro-iliac joint ; back to left; extremities to right. Right side of abdomen, below umbilicus. Right mento- posterior. R.M.P. Most com- mon. Chin to right sacro-iliac joint, forehead to left acetabulum; back to left; extremities to right. Right side of abdomen, below umbilicus. Brow. Vt of I per cent. Left fronto-an- terior. L.F.A. Brow to left acetabulum ; chin to right sacro-iliac joint ; back to left ; extremities to right, above. Left side of abdomen, below umbilicus. 30 per cent. 10 per cent. Left fronto- posterior. L.F.P. Brow to left sacro-iliac joint ; chin to right acetabulum : back to left; extremities to right, above. Left side of abdomen, below umbilicus. Right fronto- anterior. R.F.A. Brow to right acetabulum ; chin to left sacro-iliac joint ; back to right; extremities to left, above. Right side of abdomen, below umbilicus. Right fronto- posterior. R.F.P. Brow to right sacro-iliac joint; chin to left acetabulum ; back to right; extremities to left, above. Right side of abdomen, below umbilicus. Shoulder. ^ of I per cent. Left dorso-an- terior. L.D.A. Most com- mon. Head in left iliac fossa, back an- terior; extremities on right side, in upper part of abdomen. Left side of abdomen, below umbilicus. Almost 50 per cent. II per cent. Left d o r s o - X posterior. L.D.P. Head in left iliac fossa, bark pos- terior; extremities on right side, in upper part of abdomen. Frequently cannot be heard. Right dorso- anterior. R.D.A. Head in right iliac fossa, back anterior; extremities on left side, in upper part of abdomen. Right side of abdomen, below umbihcus. Right dorso- posterior. R.D.P. Head in right iliac fossa, back posterior; extremities on left side, in upper part of abdomen. Right side of abdomen, below umbilicus to- ward the flank. Breech. 3 to 4 per cent, of all cases. Left sacro-an- terior. L.S.A. Most com- mon. Sacrum to left acetabulum ; back to left anterior; abdomen to right posterior. Left side of abdomen, above umbilicus. 30 per cent. Less than I per Left sacro-pos- terior. L.S.P. Sacrum to left sacro-iliac joint ; back to left posterior ; abdomen to right anterior. Left side of abdomen, above umbilicus and toward the back. Right sacro- anterior. R.S.A. Sacrum to right acetabulum; back to right anterior; abdomen to left posterior. Right side of abdomen, above umbilicus. Right sacro- posterior. ■R.S.P. Sacrum to right sacro-iliac joint ; back to right posterior ; abdo- men to left anterior. Right side of abdomen, above umbilicus and toward the back. 467 FEVER 468 FEVER Breslau, a contagious, epidemic disease in Breslau in the middle of the l8th century. Its nature is not known. F., Brokenwing. Synonym of Dengue. F., Bucket. Synonym of Dengue. F., Bulam. Synonym of F. , Yellow. F. , Burdwan, a form of Indian malarial fever. F.-bush. Spice-wood. The bark and fruit of Lindera benzoin, an aromatic stimu- lant and tonic. Its properties are due to a volatile oil. Dose of the fld. ext. of the bark ,^ j-ij ; of the berries tT\,xx-3J. Unof. F.-bush, California. See Garrya. F., Camp. See F., Typhus. P., Carbuncular. Synonym of Anthrax. F., Catarrhal, one with a catarrhal affection of the air-passages. Synonym of Influenza. P., Catheter, a severe remittent fever sometimes following the passage of the cathe- ter or sound. P., Cerebro-spinal, a malignant epi- demic fever characterized by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck, retraction of the head, hyperesthesia, etc., with lesions of the cerebral and spinal membranes ; it is due to a specific poison. F., Cesspool. Synonym of F., Typhoid. P., Chagres. Synonym of F., Yellow, or F., Malarial. P., Chickahominy. A synonym of F., Typho- malarial. P., Child-bed. See F., Puerperal. F., Colorado. Synonym of Dengue. P. , Congestive, a malignant form of a remittent or intermittent malarial fever. Also a synonym of Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. F. , Congo, African fever. A form of fever, of mala- rial origin, and often of pernicious type, that prevails on parts of the W. African coast. P., Contagious. Synonym of F., Typhus. P., Continued, one in which there is a slowly continuous rise of temperature until a not high acme is reached, whence the fever ends fatally or slowly subsides. P., Country. See F., Florida. P., Cretan. Same as F., Malta. P., New, of Crete. Synonym of F., Mediterranean. F., Dandy. Synonym of Dengue. P., Date. Synonym of Dengue. P., Deccan. Synonym of F., Pernicious Malarial. P., Diary. Synonym of F., Ephemeral. P., Dothienteric. Synonym of F., Typhoid. P., Dynamic. Synonym of F., Relapsing. P., Elephantoid, a name given to the severe febrile symptoms that often attend the onset of Elephantiasis arabum. F., Enteric. See F., Typhoid. F., Epidemic Catarrhal. Synonym of Influenza. P., Epidemic Gastro-rheumatic. Syno- nym of Dengue. P., Epihippic, influenza in the horse. P., Eruptive, that accompanied or suc- ceeded by an eruption on the skin. Examples are F., Scarlet, Measles, Rotheln, Smallpox, Vaccination, Varicella, Erysipelas, Dengue. P., Eruptive Epi- demic, of India. Synonym of Dengue. P., Essential. See F., Idiopathic, P., Famine. See F., Relapsing. F., Peco-malarial. See F., Medi- terranean. P. -few, the herb Pyrethrum parthenium, a stimulant tonic with emmenagogue and anthelmintic properties. Dose of the fld. ext. gj-ij. Unof P., Five-day. Synonym of F. , Relapsing, F., Florida, Country Fever ; a form of fever occurring in tropical or sub-tropical countries, resembling malaria or typhoid fever. It is due to the prolonged action of high temperatures. P., Gastric, a term used indefinitely to indicate any febrile ailment associated with abdom- inal symptoms. It may be a simple febricula or some graver affection. F., Gastrobilious. See F., Medi- terranean. P., Gibraltar. Synonym of F., Mediter- ranean. P., Hay, a disease of the mucous membranes of the nasal and respiratory passages, also at times involving the conjunctiva and eyeball. It is marked by catarrhal inflammation, coryza, and abundant lacliry- mation, with well-marked asthmatic attacks and great depres.sion. It is due to the pollen of the grains and other grasses, and to dust, odors, perfumes, and irrita- ting substances acting upon a hypersensitive Schneide- rian membrane in those with a marked nervous con- stitution. It is also attributed to the influence of microbes that float in the air. Climate seems to be a potent factor in the etiology in certain cases. P., Heat. Synonym of Insolation. P. -heat, the heat of fever. F.,Hectic. Synonym of Tabes mesenterica. Also the fever that accompanies pulmonary tubercu- losis and other diseases attended with suppuration. P., Hemo-gastric. SeeF, Yellow. P., Hospital. See F,, Typhus. P., Idiopathic, one the cause of which escapes detection. P., Inflammatory. Syno- nym oi Anthrax. P., Intermittent, one in which the symptoms intermit, with intermediate periods of free- dom from the febrile attack. This is the coipmon form of malarial fever. P., Italian. Synonym -l) [UE.,fidel}. The itch. Fiddler's Muscle. See Fidicinal. Fidgets (fij'-ets) [dim. oi fidge^ Uneasiness; restless- ness ; dysphoria, q. v. Fidicinal Muscle. See Muscles, Table ofi Fidispinalis [fid-is-pi-na' -lis) [fidicinus, for playing on stringed instruments; spina, the back]. The muscle called multifidus spinas. See Muscles, Table of. Field [field) [M'E.ffieeld'}. Any space or area, espe- cially the field of vision. F., Contraction of the, occurs in certain retinal and cerebral affections. F. - glass, in an eye-piece, the lens farthest from the eye. F.-hospital, a temporary hospital on a battle-field. F. of Vision, sometimes spoken of simply as the field. The extent of indirect vision with fixation of the visual axis upon one point. Its limit for white light is about 90° outward, 70° inward and above, and 60° downward. The F. for Colors is more restricted; that for blue is nearly as large as that for white, while that for red and green is more narrow. F., Testing the. See Perimeter. Fifth Nerve. See Trifacial. F. Ventricle. See Ven- tricle. FiKLD OF Vision of the Left Eye. Fig [ME., fig, a fig]. See Ficus. F.-wart. See Verruca acuminata. F.-wort, the herb Scrophularia nodosa, an alterative, diuretic, and anodyne. It is sometimes used in the form of an ointment for piles. Dose of the fld. ext. 15 ss-j . Unof Figure of Eight. See Bandage. Fila (fi'-lah) [L.]. Plural of Filum, q. v. Filament [fil'-am-ent) [filum, a thread]. A small, thread-like structure or part of an organ, as a muscle, nerve, or tendon. F., Spermatic, the caudal filament of a spermatozoon. Filamentation [1^., filum, 3, thread]. Thread forma- tion. A peculiar reaction produced in certain bac- teria (bacillus coli communis, proteus, etc. ) when they are brought in contact with blood-serum, and consisting in the formation of long interlacing threads. The reac- tion is best obtained when the bacteria are suspended in serum derived from the same individual from whose body the bacteria were obtained (so-called ' ' homolo- gous" serum). , Filaria { fi-la' -re-ah) [filum, a thread]. A genus of nematode or thread-worms of the family Filariidts. See Parasites (Animal) , Table of. F. bancrofti. See FILARIASIS 472 FIOCCA, BACILLUS OF Thread-worms and Parasites [Animal), Table of. F. conjunctivae has been taken from the human con- junctiva; it is. found chiefly in Africa. F. lentis has been found in cataractous lenses. F. medinensis. See Thread-worms, Guinea-worm, and Parasites (Animal), 'J able of. F. sanguinis hominis, Craw- craw ; the embryo of a nematode worm native to the Guinea coast of Africa, which, entering the blood and lymphatics, causes abscesses in the lymph- atic glands, certain forms of Elephantiasis, q. tj., lymph-scrotum, if the lymphatics of the scrotum are involved, or chyluria, if those of the pelvis are ob- structed. See Parasites [Animal)-, Table of. F. sanguinolenta. See Thread-worms and Parasites [Animal), Table of. Filariasis (Ji-lar-i' -as-is) \Jilum, a thread] . A diseased state due to the presence in human blood of Filaria sanguinis, or of an entozoon of some allied species. File [fll) [ME. , fie, u file]. See Raspatory, Xyster. F. -cutter's Disease, a form of pneumonokoniosis, F., Dental, Odontorine ; Scalprum dentarum ; Lima dentaria ; a tooth-file ; an instrument for the removal of a portion of one or more teeth. There are files for separating incisor, bicuspid, and molar teeth, etc. Filhos, Caustic of. A cauterizing paste composed of quicklime and caustic potash mixed with alcohol. Filices [fil'-is-iz) [L., //. of Filix,& fern]. Ferns. See Filix. Filiform [fiV-iform) \_filum, a thread ; forma, form]. Thread-like. F. Bougie. See Bougie. F. Papillae, the smallest and most numerous of the papillae of the tongue, occurring over its whole surface. F. Appa- ratus, in biology, the longitudinally striated, homo- geneous, strongly refractive, cellulose cap, often found at the apex of each of the two cells [synergidm) forming a part of the germinal apparatus or egg-appa- ratus of plants. Filipuncture [fil-e-punk' -chur) \^filum, thread ; punc- tura, a puncture]. The passing into an aneurysmal sac of wire-threads, hairs, or the like, to promote coagulation . Filix [fi'-liks) [h.-.pl., Pilices']. A general name for any fern. F. femina, or feminea, the fern now called Asplenium filix femina, female fern or spleen- wort. See Asplenium. F. mas, male fern. See Aspidium. Filixolin [fi-liks' -o-lin) \Jilex, fern ; oleum, oil]. The fatty oil of Male Fern. Filleau's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Fillet [fil'-et] [Fr., flet, a thread]. A loop-shaped bandage ; a tape loop passed through the handles of an obstetric forceps, or about some part of the fetus, for the purpose of making traction . Also see Lem- niscus. F., Olivary, a fasciculus of nerve-fibers enclosing the olivary body of the medulla. F. Test. See Death, Signs of. Filling [fil'-ing) [ME., >&«, to fill]. The material used in closing cavities in carious teeth. Film [ME., fylme, a film], A pellicle or thin skin; an opacity of the cornea. Filoplume [f.' -lo-plUm) \_filum, thread ; pluma, a feather]. In biology, an extremely slender, thread- like feather, usually destitute of vane, very abundant on common poultry. Filo-pressure [f -lo-presh' -Ur) \_filum, a thread ; pres- sura,' a pressing]. Compression of a vessel by means of a wire or a thread. Filovaricosis [fi-lo-var-ik-o' -sis) \_filum, a thread ; varix, a dilated vein]. A varicosity of the axis- cylinder of a nerve-fiber, or the formation of one. Filter [fil'-ter) \_filtrum, felt]. An apparatus for straining and removing from water or other liquid solutions the impurities it may contain. F. Paper, a paper of close, firm mesh, much used by pharma- cists for filtration. Filth [ME., fihhe, foulness]. Foul, offensive matter. F. -disease, any disease due to filth. F.-dread. See Mysophobia and Rupophobia. FiltTSition [fl-tra'-shim) \_filtrum, felt]. The opera- tion of straining through bibulous paper. The best white filter-paper should be used for filtering alkaline or alkaloidal solutions. Filtrum [fl'-trum) [L., felt: pi., Filtra']. i. Felt, q. V. 2. A filter or strainer. Filum [fi'-lum) [L.]. Any thread-like or filamentous structure ; in surgery, a thread or wire. F. corona- rium, a cord-like ridge that runs along the auricular opening of the heart. F. terminale, the terminal strands of the spinal cord, extending from the first lumbar vertebra through the Cauda equina. Fimbria [fim'-bre-ah) [Lat., a "fringe": //., Fim- briif\. Corpus fimbriatum ; taenia hippocampi ; a zone consisting of alba alone, and forming, as it were, a margin for the hippocamp. There is one in each hemicerebrum between the hippocamp and the rima. F. ovarica, one of the fimbriae of the Fallopian tube nearly double the length of the others, and characterized by the great size of its secondary fringes. It leads toward the ovary. Fimbriae [fim'-bre-e) \_fimbria, a fringe]. Threads; a fringe. F. of Fallopian Tube, the fringe-like processes of the outer extremity of the oviduct. Fimbrial [fim'-bre-al) [fimbria, a thread]. Relating to the fimbria or to fimbriae. Fimbriated [fim' -bre-a-ted) [fimbria, a thread]. Fringed ; having a shred-like or fimbrial border. Fimbriocele [fim'-bre-o-sll) [fimbria, a. thread ; kI;1ii, hernia]. Hernia enclosing some or all of the fim- briae of an oviduct. Fimetarious [Jim-et-a' -re-us) [fimus, dung]. In bi- ology, growing on dung. Finckler and Prior, Spirillum of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Fine [fm) [ME.,7f», fine]. Opj^sed to coarse. F. Adjustment. See Adjustment. Finger [fing'-ger) [ME., finger^ A digit of the hand. F., Clubbed. See Clubbed Fingers. F., Insane, a finger affected with a variety of chronic whit- low ; it is seen in certain cases of confirmed brain- disorder. F., Mallet, a deformity of a finger charac- terized by deficient extension or undue flexion of the terminal phalanx. F. -stall, a rubber covering for a finger. F., Transparent, a small, round plate of glass set in a metal frame, used by Liebreich in place of digital pressure in lupus-examinations. A lens may be used in place of plain glass, thus illuminating the skin. F., Trigger. See Trigger-finger. Fingers and Toes, Numbering of. Among anatom- ists the rule is almost universally followed of number- ing from the thumb and great toe (pollux and hal- lux). Occasionally the index finger is considered number one. Fining [fi'-ning) [ME., yf«, fine]. A term applied to the " clearing " of wine. It consists in adding to muddy wine some albuminous or similar substance that will mix with the suspended matter and carry it to the bottom or bring it to the surface. The sub- stances most generally employed are white of egg, ox- blood, and milk, or mixtures of these substances. Finlay's Micrococcus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Finn ( Hn). The cysticercus or larva of a tape- worm. Fiocca, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. FIR 473 FISSURE Fir {fur) [ME.,/>-, the fir-tree]. See Abies. F. -bal- sam. See Abies balsamea. F.-wool, a fiber prepared in Germany from pine-leaves. It has been recom- mended as a material for the clothing of invalids. F.-wool Extract, an extract prepared from the leaves of Pinus sylvestrisva the process of separating fir- wool. It is used in chronic rheumatism. Unof. F.-wool Oil [Oleum pini sylvestris , B. P.), the fragrant volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Pinus sylvestris, used mainly by inhalation. Dose, for rheumatism, 10-20 drops, four times a day. Fire Xflr) [ME. ,y?«]. The visible heat of burning bodies. F.-damp, the gas contained in coal, often given off in large quantities, and exploding, on ignition, when mixed with atmospheric air. F. measles. Synonym of Rbtheln. F.-weed. See Erechthiles and EfUobium. Firing [fir'-ing] [ME. , y??-?, fire]. The application, either slight or caustic, of a hot metallic cauter. The sterilization of a vessel or flask by the combustion of contained alcohol. Firming \furm' -ing) \Jirmus, firm]. Hardening of the flesh of a slaughtered animal. Marked flaccidity of the flesh is a sign of an unhealthy condition of the meat. First (y«rrf) \WE,.,first\ Before all others; fore- most in raiik. F. Intention. See Healing. F. Light Oil, the fraction of coal-tar distilling at a tem- perature up to 170° C. It includes a small percentage of ammonia-liquor which is mechanically contained in the tar, and is separated from the tar-oils by being allowed to stand and settle out, when it is drawn off. The specific gravity of this fraction is about .975, and it is made up of benzene, toluene, and higher homo- logues, with phenol, cresol, naphthalene, etc. Fischer's Operation. See Operations, Table of. F.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. Fisetin [fi-se' -tin) . Same as Fustin. Fish [ME. ,fisch'\ . A vertebrate with gills and fins, in- habiting the water. F. -berry, ^e Cocculus indicus. F.-gelatin. See: Glue 3.nA Isinglass. F.-roe Bodies. See Fungus Foot. F.-skin Disease. See Ichthyosis. Fisher's Brain-muTmur. . See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. F.'s Train-murmur. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Fissate (Jis'-at) [^fissus ; findere, to cleave]. In bi- ology, applied to antennae or other structures having the terminal portion divided or split into two parts. Fissile {fis'-il) \Jindere, to split]. That which may be split or cleft. In biology, formed of plates or scales closely placed together. Fission [fish^-un) \_fissus ; findere, to cleave]. In bi- ology, spontaneous self-division of unicellular organ- isms or histologic cells, as a process of multiplication. Fissipalmation [fs-ip-al-ma' -shun) [fissus ; findere, to cleave; palma, palm]. In biology, applied to ani- mals having the toes incompletely webbed. Fissipara (fis-ip'-ar-ah) [_fissus ; findere, to cleave ; parus, produce]. In biology, applied in a general way to all organisms that multiply by spontaneous self-division. Fissiparation {fis-ip-ar-a' -shun) [findere, to split; parere, to produce] . A form of cell-division. See Cell. Fissiparous {fis-ip' -ar-us) \_findere, to spht ; parere, to produce]. Propagating by fission ; applied to uni- cellular organisms or histologic cells that undergo spon- taneous self-division in the process of multiplication. See Fission. Fissural iHteg'er {^fish' -ur-al in'-te-jer). See Integer. Fissuration (fish-Hr-a' -shun) \Jindere, to split]. Same as Fission. Also applied to the arrangement of the fissures of various organs, such as the brain. Fissure {fish'-ar) [fissura; findere, to cleave]. A groove or cleft. A term applied to the clefts or grooves in various organs. F., Abdominal, a sepa- ration of the recti muscles of the abdomen, either above and below the umbilicus, or both. F., Ac- cessory, the inferior end of the cartilaginous por- tion of the Eustachian tube. F., Adoccipital {of Wilder), an inconstant cerebral fissure, extending across the caudal portion of the precuneus, and forming an acute angle with the occipital fissure. F. , Ammon's, during the early fetal period, a pyriform fissure in the lower portion of the sclerotic coat of the eye. F. , Amygdaline {of Wilder) , a cerebral fis- sure on the mesal aspect of the tip of the temporal lobe ; it may be identical with the basirrhinal fissure of Owen ; it is collocated with the amygdala. F., Anal. See F. of the Anus. F., Anterior {of Burdach), a cere- bral fissure, probably the presylvian. F., Anterior {of spinal cord). See F., Anterior Median {of spinal cord). F., Anterior Lateral {of spinal cord), a groove on the ventro-lateral aspect of the spinal cord. F., Anterior Median {of medulla oblongata), the continuation of the ventral fissure of the cord into the oblongata, where it terminates at the pons in ■ the foramen cecum. F., Anterior Median {of spinal cord), a deep longitudinal groove in the median line of the ventral aspect of the spinal cord. F., Antero- lateral, a slightly marked depression along the ventro- lateral column of the spinal cord, separating the latter into the ventral and lateral columns. F., Antero- median. See F., Anterior Median {of spinal cord). F., Antero-parietal. See F. , Precentral F., Anti- tragohelicine, a fissure between the helix and the antitragus of the external ear. F., Antorbital {of Owen), a transverse fissure on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe of the brain near its cephalic margin. F. of the Anus, a linear ulcer at the muco-cutaneous junction of the anus, giving rise to intense suffering on defecation. F. , Ape, I . The dorsal extension of an unusually deep occipital fissure. 2. An independent fissure on the lateral aspect of the cerebrum, between the occipital and temporal regions {the exoccipital fis- sure of Wilder). F., Auricular, an opening situated between the vaginal and mastoid processes of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, through Which passes the auricular branch of the pneumogastric nerve. F., Basirrhinal {of Owen), a short fissure near the tip of the temporal lobe of the brain. F., Basisylvian {of Wilder), the stem of the Sylvian fis- sure on the ventral aspect of the cerebrum. F. of Bichat. See F. , Cerebral, Transverse. F., Branchial, any one of the visceral clefts. F. of Broca. See F., Limbic. F., Burdach's. See F., Anterior, and F., Superior. F. of Calamus scriptorius, the ter- mination of the mesal fissure of the fourth ventricle at the apex of the calamus. F., Calcarine, a fissure on the mesal aspect of the cerebrum, extending from near the occipital end and joining the occipital fissure ; it is collocated with the calcar or hippocampus minor. F., Callosal {of Owen), the space between the dorsal surface of the callosum and the overhanging cortex. F., Calloso-marginal, one on the mesal surface of the cerebral hemisphere, dividing the area between the callosum and the margin into nearly equal parts ; opposite to the splenium it turns in a dorsal direction. F., Central, a deep and constant fissure extending from the dorsal margin in a ventro-cephalic direction, at an angle of about 67° with the meson ; it crosses the lateral aspect of the cerebrum at about the middle of its length ; the fissure of Rolando. F., Cephalic, in Schizonemertines, a longitudinal fissure on each side of the head. F., Cerebral, Great. See F. , Cerebral, FISSURE 474 FISSURE Transverse [of the brain). F., Cerebral, Inferior. See F., Transverse, Inferior. F., Cerebral, Small. See F., Transverse , Inferior. F., Cerebral, Trans- verse. %ee F., Transverse [of brain"). F., Cervical, a congenital cleft in tiie cervical region, produced by a failure of union of the visceral clefts. F. , Choroidal. See.f'., Cerebral, Transverse. F., Circuminsular ( of Wilder), the groove surrounding the base of the insula. F. of Clevenger. See F., Occipital, Inferior. F., Collateral, a fissure on the mesal aspect of the cere- brum between the subcalcarine and subcoUateral gyri ; it is collocated with the collateral eminence. F., Collateral, Inferior, in lower animals, a. slight de- pression in the spinal cord corresponding to the ventro- lateral fissure in man. F., Collateral, Superior, in lower vertebrates, a groove in the spinal cord corre- sponding to the postero-lateral groove in man. F. , Constant (of Wilder) , any fissure of the adult cere- brum that is always present in a given species or group. Among the human constant fissures are : Calcarine, callosal, central, collateral, circuminsular, olfactory, hippocampal. Sylvian, transinsular, occipital, orbital, parietal, postcentral, precentral, subfrontal, supertem- poral. F., Coronal (of Owen), on the lateral aspect of the camivoral cerebrum, the frontal portion of the third arched fissure. F., Cruciate, in nearly all the carnivora, a fissure extending laterad, and forming, with its opposite, a Roman cross with the intercerebral fissure. F., Dentate. See F., Hippocampal. F., Dorsal, in embryology, the dorsal median fissure of the spinal cord. F. of the Ductus venosus, a fissure of the fetal liver, lodging the ductus venosus. It is indistinct in the adult. F. of Ecker. See F., Occipital, Transverse. F., Ectoccipital (of Oiven) , an illy-defined transverse fissure near the tip of the occipital lobe of the brain. F., Ectofrontal (of Owen), a. fissure 'corresponding in position with the anterior fissure of Sylvius. F., Ectorrhinal (of Owen), a furrow just laterad of the base of the olfactory crus. F. , Ectosylvian (of Owen) , in Carnivora, the first or lowest arched fissure. F., Ectotentorial (of Owen), the outer fissure on the ventral surface of the occipital lobe. F., Endomesognathica, an occasional fissure in the superior maxilla, between the endognathion and mesognathion. F. , Entoccipital (of Owen) , an illy- defined fissure on the occipital lobe. F., Entolamb- doid. See F., Adoccipital. F., Entorbital (of Owen), an inconstant fissure between the olfactory and orbital fissures. F., Entorrhinal. See F. ,£ctor- rhinal. F., Entotentorial. See F., Ectotentorial. F., Episylvian (of Wilder), an inconstant dorsal branch of the Sylvian fissure. F., Ethmoid, the superior meatus of the nares. F., Exoccipital (of Wilder), the ape-fissure, q, v. F., Falcial (of Owen), a fissure on the mesal surface of the frontal lobe. F., Fetal, Ocular, in the embryonic eye, a fissure in the thick wall surrounding the lens. A coloboma re- sults if it be not closed. F., Fimbrial, a small and constant depression between the fasciola and the fim- bria. F., Frontal (of Owen), the precentral and supercentral fissures of man. F., Frontal, First. See F., Frontal, Supetior. ¥., Frontal, Inferior, the subfrontal fissure. F., Frontal, Superior, the superfrontal fissure. F., Frontal, Vertical. SeeF. of Rolanio. F., Fronto-marginal, an inconstant fissure in the fronto-marginal convolution. F. for the Gall-bladder, a shallow depression on the lower sur- face of the right lobe of the liver for the accommoda- tion of the gall-bladder. F. of Glaser. See F. of Glaserius. F. of Glaserius, a small fissure in the outer wall of the tympanic cavity opening into the glenoid fossa. It lodges the processus gracilis of the malleus, and transmits the laxator tympani muscle and the anterior tympanic artery. F., Glenoid. See F. of Glaserius. F., Hippocampal, a constant fissure of the cerebrum extending from the splenium to near the tip of the temporal lobe ; it is collocated with the hippocamp. F., Horizontal. See F., Calcarine. F., Horizontal, Great ((7/"i5raz»). See F. , Calcarine. F., HypQSylvian (of Wilder) , an inconstant ventral branch of the fissure of Sylvius. F., Incisor, a fissure separat- ing the intermaxillary bone from the superior maxillae. F., Infero-lateral. See F., Calcarine. F., In- flected, an inconstant indentation of the dorsal margin of the cerebrum, a little cephalad of the central fissure. F., Infra-orbital. See F., Suborbital, and F., Spheno-maxillary . F., Insular (of Wilder), one of the fissures crossing the insula. F., Intra- gyral (of Wilder) , a small cerebral fissure occasion- ally developed between the larger fissures. F., Intra-orbital, in the dog's brain, a fissure between the olfactory bulb and the supraorbital fissure. F., Intraparietal. See F., Parietal. F., Intrapara- central (of Wilder), a nearly constant depression in the paracentral gyrus. F., Intercerebral (of Wilder), the great longitudinal fissure of the brain. F., Intergyral (of Wilder), a fissure between two cerebral gyri. F., Int«rnemispheral. See F., longitudinal, Great (of brain). F., Interhemis- pheric. See F. , Longitudinal, Great (of brain) . F., Interlamellar, one of the fissures separating the la- mellse of the cerebellum. F., Interlobar (of Wilder), the fissures of the brain separating the lobes. F., Interlobular, the great longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum. F., Interlobular, Great. See F. of Sylvius. F., Intermedial (of Jensen), an inconstant fissure near the end of the fissure of Sylvius. F., Interpalpebral. See F. , Palpebral. F. Interparie- tal. See F., Parietal. F., Interpeduncular, the depression between the crura cerebri. F., of Jensen. See F., Intermedial. F., Lambdoid. I (of Owen), the occipital fissure, q. v.\ 2 (of Wilder), in the fetus, between the third and seventh months, a sharply defined transverse depression in the occipital lobe, collocated with the lambdoid suture. F., Lateral, a straight fissure between tTie suprasylvian and the longitudinal fissures. F., Lateral (of Owen), an inconstant fissure on the mesal surface of the frontal lobe. F., Lateral (of spinal cord). See F., Antero-lateral. F., Lateral, Posterior (of spinal cora). See F., Postero-lateral. F., Limbic (of Broca), the fissure surrounding Broca's great limbic lobe. It includes the supercallosal, precuneal, and part of the collateral fissures. F., Longitudinal (of brain). SeeF., Longitudinal, Great (of drain). F., Longitu- dinal (of liver), a deep fissure on the under surface of the liver, separating the right and left lobes. F., Longi- tudinal, Great (of brain), the deep mesal fissure that divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres. F., Longitudinal, Medilateral. See F, Intercerebral. ¥., Longitudinal, Posterior (of spinal cord), a deep, narrow groove, extending the whole length of the spinal cord, in the middle line posteriorly. F., Longitudinal, Superior. See F. , Intercerebral. F., Marginal (of Owen) , a fissure on the mesal surface of the cerebrum, forming the cephalic boundary of the paracentral convolutions. F., Maxillary, a fissure on the internal surface of the superior maxilla for the maxillary process of the palate bone. It extends obliquely downward and forward from the lower por- tion of the orifice of the antrum. F., Medial, a fis- sure parallel with and -posterior to the fissure of Ro- lando. F., Median, Posterior (o/'j/ma/ai;-i/). See F, Longitudinal, Posterior (of spinal cord). F., Me- FISSURE 475 FISSURE difrontal (of Owen) , an inconstant fissure, subdividing the medifrontal convolutions. F., Meditemporal [^ Wilder), inconstant and irregular fissures, ventrad of the supertemporal fissure. F., Meso-exognathic, an occasional fissure in the superior maxilla between the exognathion and mesognathion. F., Midfrontal. See F., Medifrontal. F., Midoccipital. See F.- Orbital. F., Midorbital. See F., Orbital. F.- needle, a spiral needle for bringing together the lips of a wound. F. of Nipple, a linear ulceration iradi- ating from the nipple during lactation. It results from improper care of the breast. F., Occalcarine {of Wilder^ , the common stem of which the occipital and calcarine fissures are branches. F., Occipital, i (of Owen) , the mid-occipital fissure,, an illy-defined, incon- stant fissure on the dorso-caudal slope of the occipital lobe ; 2 (of Pansch), a deep and constant fissure, situated between the parietal and occipital lobes of the brain ; the occipi to-parietal. F., Occipital, Anterior (of Schwalbe) , a fissure between the occipito-temporal and the inferior temporo-sphenoidal lobes of the brain. F., Occipital, External. See F., Ape. F., Oc- cipital, Inferior (of Clevenger) , a small fissure between the second and third occipital convolutions. F., Occipital, Transverse (of Ecker), a transverse fissure on the dorsal surface of the occipital lobe of the brain ; it is part of the paroccipital fissure. F., Oc- cipito-parietal. See F., Occipital. F., Occipito- temporal. ?,e& F. , Collateral. F., Olfactory, a de- pression on the ventral aspect of the frontal lobe, lodging the olfactory bulb and cms. F., Orbital, a fissure on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe exter- nal to the olfactory fissure. F., Orbital, Anterior. See F., Spheno-maxillary. F., Orbital, Posterior. See F., Sphenoid. F., Orbito-frontal, a partial fis- sure on the lateral'aspect of the brain, separating the super-frontal and orbital convolutions. F. of Owen. See Fissures, Antorbital, Basirrhinal, Callosal, Coronal, Ectoccipital, Ectofrontal, Octorrhinal, Ectosylvian, Ecto- tentorial, Entoccipital, Entorbital, Falcial, Frontal, Lambdoid, Marginal, Medifrontal, Occipital, Post- frontal, Posthippocampal, Postoccipital, Postorbital, Posiseptal, Postsylvian, Rhinal, Septal, Subfalcial, Sicbsylvian, Supercallosql, Supersylvian. F., Pal- pebral, the space between the eyelids extending from the outer to the inner canthus. F. of Pansch. See F. , Occipital. F. of Pansch and Dalton. See P., Parietal. F., Paracentral (of Wilder), & fissure on themesal surface of the cerebrum, surrounding the paracentral lobule. F., Parallel. See F., Super- temporal. F., Parietal, i (of Wilder), the parietal portion of the intraparietal fissure ; 2 (of Pansch and Dalton), a fissure between the parietal lobules, beginning near the ventral end of the central fissure, and running to near the tip of the occipital lobe ; it includes the parietal and paroccipital fissures. F., Parieto-occipital. See. F'. , Occipital. F., Parieto- occipital, External, the lateral portion of the occipital fissure. F., Paroccipital (of Wilder), the occipital portion of the intraparietal fissure. F., Peri- toneal, a fissure of the lateral mesoblastic plates of the embryo, constituting the rudiment of the great visceral cavity. F., Perpendicular, External. See P., Parieto-occipital, External scoAF., Ape. F., Per- pendicular, Internal, the portion of the occipital fis- sure on the mesal surface of the hemisphere. F., Petro- squamosal, or Petro-squamous, a small fissure be- tween the petrosa and' internal surface of the squamosa. F., Petro-tympanic, a fissure in the tympanic ring, lodging the long process of the malleus. F., Petroso-angular, a fissure between the apex of the pyramidal portion of the petrosa and the great wing of the sphenoid. F., Petro-basilar, a fissure be- tween the petrosa and the sphenoid and occiput, join- ing the middle lacerated and jugular foramina. F. -plane, a term employed to designate the entire length and depth of a fissure of the brain. F., Pomatic (of Wilder), va. monkeys, a fissure crossing the cerebrum opposite the dorsal end of the occipital fissure ; it forms the margin of the poma at oc- cipital operculum. F., Portal. See F., Transverse (of liver). F., Postcalcarine (of Wilder), an incon- stant vertical fissure at the occipital end of the cere- brum. F., Postcentral, a fissure just posterior and parallel to the central fissure. F., Postero-inter- mediary, a slight depression in the dorsal portion of the cervical region of thie spinal cord. F., Postero- lateral,, a groove on the posterior portion of the side of the spinal cord, corresponding to the line of emergence of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves. F., Postero-median (of spinal cord). See F., Median, Posterior (of spinal cord). F., Postfrontal 'of Ozw««), the firontal fissure. F., Posthippocampal of Owen). See F., Calcarine. F., Postoccipital of Owen), an inconstant vertical fissure forming the anterior boundary of the superior occipital convolu- tion. F., Postorbital (o/' Owen), a portion of the orbital . fissure. .F., Postparoccipital (of Wilder), an inconstant fissure in the occipital portion of the par- occipital gyrus. F., Postseptal (of Owen), a small vertical fissure on the mesal surface of the posterior portion of the occipital lobe. F,, Post- sylvian (of Owen), the supertemporal or parallel fissure. F., Precentral, a fissure running parallel with the ventral portion of the central fissure. F., Precuneal, a right-angled fissure in the precuneus. F., Preoccipital, n fissure on the ventral aspect of the brain, separating the occipital and temporal lobes. F., Preorbital, the antorbital fissure. F., Preparoc- cipital (of Wilder), a fissure in the parietal portion of the paroccipital gyrus. F., Presylvian (of Wilder), the anterior branch of the fissure of Sylvius. F., Pterygoid, the space between the lower ends of the pterygoid plates of the ethmoid. F., Pterygo- maxillary, a vertical fissure in the zygomatic fossa, opening above into the spheno-maxillary fossa. F., Pterygopalatine. See F, Pterygoid. F., Purse- like (^ Reil), the vallicula, q. v. F. of Reil. See F., Purse-like. F., Reticular. %e& F., Postcentral. F., Rhinal (of Owen), the fissure separating the ol- facto»y bulb and cms from the cerebrum proper. F. of Rolando. See F., Central. F., Rostral, in Ungulates, a fissure on the mesal aspect of the cerebmm. F., Sagittal. See F. , Inter- cerebral. F. of Santorini, two transverse fissures in the cartilaginous auditory meatus. F. of Schvtralbe. See F. , Occipital, Anterior, and F. , Su- percentral. F., Semilunar. See F. , Calcarine. F., Septal (of Owen), a.n inconstant fissure in the cuneus, posterior to the calcarine. F., Sphenoid, a tri- angular fissure between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone. It transmits the third, fourth, sixth, and ophthalmic division of the fifth, cranial nerves, and the ophthalmic vein. F., Spheno- maxillary, a fissure between the orbital plate of the sphenoid and the lateral margin of the superior maxilla. F., Splenial, a fissure in the 'A-ain of the dog near the splenius. F., Subcentral (o/' Wilder), an inconstant fissure at the ventral end of the post- central fissure. F., Subfalcial (of Owen), a small fissure on the mesal surface of the frontal lobe. F., Subfrontal, a fissure between the middle and inferior frontal convolutions. F., Suboccipital, an incon- stant fissure in the occipital convolution of the brain. FISSURE F., Suborbital, a fissure in the superior maxillary portion of the floor of the orbit. It is the upper termination of the infraorbital canal. F., Subseptal, a fissure on the cuneus between the calcarine and the collateral fissures. F., Subsylvian. i {of Owen), an inconstant fissure on the ventral aspect of the frontal lobe ; 2 (of IVilder) , the constant horizontal branch of the fissure of Sylvius. F., Subtemporal, an inconstant fissure in the middle temporal and subtemporal convo- lutions. F., Superior (of Burdach), a fissure of the cerebrum between the lateral surface of the insula and the ental surface of the operculum. F., Supercallosal. I [of Wilder) , the cephalic portion of the calloso-mar- MESAL ASPECT. Lateral Aspect. — Preop. Preoperculum. 2. Subcentral fissure. Mesal Aspect. — 3. Cuneolus ; the fissure cephalad of it is the adoccipital. ginal fissure ; 2 [of Owen) , the callpso-marginal fissure. F., Supercentral (of Schwalbe), the fissure parallel to and cephalad of the dorsal portion of the central fissure. F., Superfrontal, a fissure on the lateral aspect of the frontal lobe, marking off the second frontal convolution. F., Superoccipital, an irregular fissure in the upper portion of the occipital surface of the posterior lobe of the brain. F., Superseptal, a fissure in the cuneus, almost parallel with the occipital fissures. F., Supersylvian (of Owen), in Carnivora, the second arched fissure on the lateral surface of the cerebrum. F., Super- temporal, a constant fissure parallel with the fissure of Sylvius. F., Suprasylvian. 'AttF., Supersylvian. F. of Sylvius, a deep fissure of the brain beginning on the outer side of the anterior perforated space, and extending outward to the surface of the hemisphere. It presents two short cephalic branches, subsylvian and presylvian, and a long caudal branch, which separate the parietal and temporo-sphenoidal lobes. The insula is situated between the divisions. F., Sylvian. See F. of Sylvius. F., Temporal, First. ?,ee F., Super- 476 FISTULA temporal. F., Temporal, Inferior. See F., Subtem- poral. F., Temporo-occipital. 'Stie. F. , Collateral. F., Temporosphenoidal, a name applied to both the supertemporal and subtemporal fissures. F., Temporosphenoidal, Superior. See F., Supertem- poral. F., Tentorial. See F. , Collateral. F., Trans- verse [of brain), the transverse fissure separating the anterior from the posterior and middle portions of the brain. It transmits the folds of pia that form the choroid plexus. F., Transverse (of cerebellum). See F., Horizontal {of cerebellum). F., Transverse (of liver), a fissure crossing transversely the lower sur- face of the right lobe of the liver. It transmits the portal vein, hepatic artery and nerves, and hepatic duct. F., Transverse, Great {of brain). See F., Trans- verse {of brain). F., Transverse, Inferior, a fissure between the cerebellum and the oblongata. It transmits a fold of the pia to the fourth ventricle. F., Trans- verse, Superior. See F. , Transverse [of brain). F., Transinsular {of Wilder), the deepest of the fissures crossing the insula. F., Transtemporal, one of the inconstant short fissures on the lateral surface of the temporal lobe. F., Triradiate. See F., Orbital. F., Umbilical, the anterior portion of the longitudinal fissure of the liver, separating the left and quadrate lobes. F., Uncinate. See F., Collateral. F., Ventral. See F., Median, Anterior {of spinal cord). F., Wernicke's, an inconstant vertical fissure on the lateral surface of the cerebrum midway between the end of the fissure of Sylvius and the caudal end of the cerebrum; the exoccipital fissure. F. of Wilder. See Fissures, Adoccipital, Amygdaline, Basisylvian, Circuminsular, Constant, Episylvian, Exoccipital, In- tercerebral, Insular, Interlobar, Intergyral, Intragyral, Intraparacentral, Lambdoid, Meditemporal, Para- central, Paroccipital, Pomatic, Postcalcarine , Post- paroccipital, Prepar occipital, Presylvian, Subcentral, Subsylvian, Supercallosal, Transinsular, Zygal. F., Zygal {of Wilder) , any fissure that presents a pair of branches at either end of a connecting bar. F., Zygo- matico-sphenoid, a space between the orbital surface of the great wing of the sphenoid and the malar bone. Fissured (Jish'-urd) \_fissus ; finder e,\.o cleave]. Cleft; split. Fist [ME. ,/j^, the fist] . I . The firmly-closed hand. 2. Same as Bovista. Fistula (yfi'-Za-Zo.^) [L. , a "pipe "]. An abnormal, tube-like passage in the body. F., Aerial, a small opening in the neck communicating with the larynX, following imperfect closure of incised wounds of the throat. The voice is defective in consequence. F., Anal, an abnormal channel of communication between the bowel and the surface in the neighborhood of the anus. F., Biliary, an abnormal channel of com- munication with a biliary duct or the gall-bladder. F., Blind, a variety of anal, urinary, or other abnor- mal tract with but one opening. F., Blind, External, an anal fistula with but one opening, and that external. F., Blind, Internal, an anal fissure with but one open- ing, and that internal. F., Blind,Urinary, a suppurat- ing track opening into the urethra, but without external opening. F., Branchial, an opening that extends from the surface of the neck to the pharynx ; it is an unclosed branchial cleft, a relic of fetal life. F., Complete, one having two openings, an internal and external. F., Fecal, an abdominal fistula, communi eating with the intestine. F., Gastric, an opening into the stomach, generally artificial, through the ab- dominal wall. It is sometimes used for feeding a patient who cannot swallow. F., Horseshoe, a vari- ety of fistula in ano, the external opening being on FISTULAR one side of the anus and the internal opening on the other. F. in Ano. See F. , Anal. F., Incomplete, one with a single opening. F., Mammary, or Milk, a fistula of the mamma or of its ducts. In F. recto- labial, recto-urethral, recto-vaginal, and recto- vesical, the gut communicates by a fistulous track with the labia majora, the urethra, the vagina, or the bladder, respectively. F., Thiry's, an artificial intestinal fistula made by dividing the intestine in two places ; the loop so cut out is still supplied with blood and nerves from its mesentery ; it is emptied of its con- tents, and one end is closed by sutures, while the other is stitched to the abdominal wound, and the intestinal juice is thus collected. F., True, one that discharges the secretion of an organ. F., Vella's, is the same as Thiry's, except that both ends of the loop are left free and are sutured to the wound in the abdomen. F., Vesical, a fistula of the urinary bladder. Fistular, Fistulate {fis'-tu-lar, -lat) \Jistula, a tube]. Fistulous ; of the form or nature of a fistula. Fistulatome [fis' -tu-lat-dni) \_fistula, a fistula ; re/ivuv, to cut]. A cutting-instrument used in the operative treatment of fistula. Fistulous (Jis'-tu-lus) [fistula, a tube]. Of the nature of or affected with a fistula. Fit [ME.,//, a struggle]. A popular name applied to any sudden paroxysm of a disease, but especially to one of epilepsy. F,, Nine-days', Tetanus neonatorum. Fivefinger {flv-fing' -er). I. The plant Potentilla canadensis (see Potentilla). 2. Ampelopsis quinque- falia (see American Ivy) . Fixation ijiks-a' -shun) [Jixus, fixed]. A making firm or rigid. F., Field of, in optics, the region bounded by the utmost limits of distinct or central vision, and which the eye has under its direct control through its excursions, without movements of the head. F. -for- ceps, those used for fixing or holding a part in posi- tion during a surgical operation. Fixator [Jiks-a' -tor) [L.]. A term applied to a muscle that holds a part immovable, as the diaphragm. Fixature {fiks'-at-ur). See Bandolin. Fixed (Jikst) [fixus, firm]. Firm; immovable. F. Idea, a morbid belief, opinion, or conception, enter- tained constantly by certain insane patients, and more or less permanently dominating the entire mind. F. Oils. See Oleafixa. Fixi denies {fiks' -i den' -tlz) [L.]. The teeth of the second dentition. Fixing (Jiks'-ing) [fixus, fixed]. The first stage in the preparation of tissues for histologic or pathologic examination. The chief fixing agents are — corrosive sublimate, nitric acid, alcohol, osmic acid, Flemming's solution, Fol's solution, MuUer's solution, picric acid, picro-sulphuric acid, acetate of copper. See Stains, Table of. Fixurse (fiks-u'-re) [Jlxura, fixure]. In biology, the fibrils by which lichens and many other thallophytes attach themselves to their substratum. Flabby (y?a(5'-f) [E. dial.]. Lax or flaccid ; deficient in firmness. Flabellarium (Jlab-el-a' -re-um) \Jlabellum, a fan]. A vibraculum; a whip-like process of a polyzoan. Flabellate {fiai-el'-dt) [fiabellum, a inn]. In biology, fan-shaped ; applied to leaves, antennse, etc. Flabellation {Jlab-el-a' -sAun) \Jlabellare, to fan]. In surgery, the act of keeping a wound or fracture cool by fanning. Flabelliform {flab-el' -if-orm). Same as Flabellate. Flabellinerved {flab-eV -in-urvd) \Jiabellum, fan ; nervus, a nerve]. In biology, applied to leaves, such as those of the Gingko tree, with veins or nerves radiating from a common point. 477 FLASK Flabellum {flab-el' -um) [L. , fan] . The set of whhe fibers radiating from the stria terminalis of the cerebrum into the corpus striatum. See also Epipodite. Flaccid {flak'-sid) Xflaccidus, flaccus, flaccid]. See FMbby. Flaccidez^a {flah-cke-det'-sah) \\\s\.. iox flaccidity'\. Same as Flacherie. Flaccidity {flak-sid' -it-e) [flaccidjfs, flaccus, flaccid]. Flabbiness; lack of normal reaction or firmness. Flacherie, or Flachery {flask' -er-e) [Fr.]. A disease attacking silk-worms whose digestive apparatus is weakened by disease or heredity. It is said to be caused by a bacterium, Micrococcus bombycis. See Micrococcus bombycis and Bacillus j3 of Hofmann, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Flag [ME., flagged One of various endogenous plants with ensiform leaves. In biology, a flagellum ; a part of the reproductive apparatus of certain gaster- opods (Helix) projecting from the vas deferens. F., Blue. See Iris. F., Sweet. See Acortis. Flagellate {flaj'-el-at) [fagellum, a whip]. In biol- ogy, furnished with slender, whip-ljke processes. Flagellation {flaj-el-a' -shun) \_flagellare, to whip]. I. One of the many means used for the purpose of masochistic gratification in the sense of subjection to the woman ; the lustful feeling arising from a mechan- ical irritation of the genito-spinal center. 2. Flogging, formerly used as a local stimulant and counter-irritant, and once employed in the control of the insane Latterly it has been recommended as a check for post partum hemorrhage. See Percussion. Flagelliform [flaj-el' -if-orm) \_flagellum, a whip ; forma, form.] Having the form of a flagellum or whip-lash. Flagellula {flaj-el' -u-lah) [dim. of flagellum, a whip]. A flagellate spore ; a zoospore. Flagellum {flaj-el' -um) [L. a whip: //., Flagella']. Any long vibratile cilium. Bee&\ioFlag. In biology, applied to the various long, slender, lash-like ap- pendages of bacteria, zoospores, infusoria, etc., and to slender runners, and tendrils of higher plants. Flagg's Drill-stock. See Drill-stock. Flail {flal) \TAY,.,flaile'\. An arm or leg not undermus- cular control. F. -joint, a condition of preternatural mobility frequently following resection of a joint. Flajan's Disease. Synonym of Exophthalmic Goiter. Flake {flak) [ME., flake, a flake]. A small, scale- like fragment, as of epidermis. F. Manna, the best and purest commercial manna, so called from its form. Flambage {flam-bahzh') [Fr. ] . The singeing of wounds for therapeutic purposes. Flank {Jlank) [ME'., flank]. The part of the body between the ribs and the upper border of the iUum. Flannagan Garbage-cart. See Garbage-cart. Flannel Rash. See Seborrhea corporis. Flap [ME., /a/, a loose, flexible part]. A loose and partly detached portion of the skin or other soft tissue. F. Amputation. See Amputation. F. Extraction. See Extraction of Cataract. F. Operation. See Operations, Table of. Flapless {flap'-les) [ME., flap, a. loose, flexible part ; less, a sumx signifying without] . Without flaps. F. Amputation. See Operations, Table of. Flash-point. The temperature at which a petroleum oil gives off vapors which, mixing with air, cause an ex- plosion- or flash of flame, dying out, however, at once. Flask ]j>\&aK>i, a flask]. A narrow-necked, globular glass bottle. F., Boiling, a small flask, with a wide neck, provided on the side with an exit-tube ; it is em- ployed for determining the boiling-point. F.-clamp, an instrument in the form of a press, employed in vulcanite work for closing flasks after packing. F., FLAT 478 FLOATING Moulding. See Moulding-flask. F.-press, a screw- press for closing the sections of a vulcanite flask after packing. F., Vulcanite, in dentistry, an iron, brass, or bronze box for holding the model and teeth in the vulcanized-rubber process. It is generally divided into two sections, one of which is closed by an adjustable lid, the other having a bottom, and is locked by pins or bolts. Flat [ME., y&^]. Lying on one plane. F.-ear. See MorePs Ear. F.-foot, depression of the plantar arch ; it differs from splay-foot or talipes valgus in that the sole is not everted. F.-worm. See Tape-worm. Flatulence (Jlat'-u-lent%)\_flatulentia ; flattis, breath]. A condition marked by the presence of gases in the alimentary canal. It arises mainly from the fermenta- tion of the contents of the stomach and intestines. Flatulent [flat' -u-lent) \_flatus, breath]. Character- ized by, or attended with the presence of, flatulence. Flatus (flat-'us) [L.]. A term applied to gases in the digestive tract. Flavanilin (Jlav-an' -il-in) \Jlavus, yellow ; anilin\ , CjgHnNj. A beautiful yellow dye produced by heat- ing acetanilid with zinc chlorid to 270° C. It forms col- orless crystals that become yellow on exposure to the air. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Flavaurin (flav-aw' -rin) . See Pigments, Conspectus of. Flavescent [flav-es' -ent) Q/fefejf^rs, to become yellow]. Yellowish. Flavin (flav'-in) \_flavus, yellow] . A yellow dye-stuff prepared from quercitron-bark by the action of H^SO^. Flavophenin [flav-o-fe' -niri) \_flavus, yeOoyf ; pAenyl"], CjgHjgNjOg. A yellow coloring-matter. See CAry- samin. Flavopurpurin (flav-o-pur'-pu-rin) [flavus, yellow; purpura, purple], CjjHjOj. A coloring-matter occur- ring in golden-yellow, acicular crystals. See Pig- Tnents, Conspectus of. Flavus [flav'-us) [L.]. Yellow. Flaw [ME., flawe, a flake]. A disease in which the skin recedes from the nails. Flax [flaks) \UM,.,flax, flax]. The best known and probably the most valuable of the bast-fibers, derived from the flax-plant, Linum. usitatissi?num. The linen fiber, when cleansed, has a blonde or even white color, a white, silky luster, and great strength. It is less pliant and elastic than cotton, but is a better conduc- tor of heat. Chemically, it is, like cotton, a pure cel- lulose. F., Nevir Zealand, a fiber obtained from the leaves of Phormium tenax, which acquires a length of one to two meters. The fiber, as prepared by hand-scraping, is soft, white, and of silky luster. Its chief value is for rope-making and for coarse tex- tiles. The rope made from this fiber is, however, weakened when wet by sea- water, and must therefore be kept well-oiled. F. -dresser's Phthisis, a form of pneumonokoniosis. F.-seed. See Linum. Flay (/a) \WE,.,fleen, to skin]. To skin. Flea \fle) \W&.,flee, a flea]. See Pulex, and Parasites (Animal) , Table of . F.-bane. See Erigeron. F.- bite, the bite of a flea. F. -powder. See Buhach. Fleam (Jlem) [, a vein]. A phlebotome ; a vet- erinarian's lancet for venesection. Flechsig, Method of. A method of differentiating nerve-tracts in the brain and spinal cord. It consists in noting the successive periods at which the fibers of the tracts become medullated during the process of development. F., Tract of. See Tract. Fleck's Disinfectant. A disinfectant solution containing copperas, 70 parts, and chlorinated lime 20 parts, in 1000 parts of water. Fleece of Stilling. An interlacing of fibers passing from the cortex about the dentatum of the cerebellum. Fleischl's Law. See Law. Pleischmann's Bursa. The sublingual bursa. Fleitmann's Test. See Tests, Table of. Plema salada [fla'-mah sal-a'-da) [Sp.]. Synonym of Acrodynia. Fleming's Tincture. An alcoholic preparation of aconite, stronger than the official tincture. Dose, two minims. Flemming's Method. A method of preparing tissue for histologic study. Small bits of tissue are fixed in 0.1 to 0.5 per cent, solution of chromic acid, and the hardening completed with alcohol. F.'s Mixture, a mixture used in histologic investigations. Its com- position is as follows : One per cent, solution of osmic acid, 10 parts ; one per cent, solution of chromic acid, 25 parts ; two per cent, solution of acetic acid, 5 parts, water 60 parts. Flesh [ME., 7?fj/5, flesh]. The soft tissues of the body, especially the muscles. F.-brush, a brush for rubbing the surface of the body. F., Goose. See Cutis an- serina. F.-juice, the juice derived from meat by ex- pression. F., Proud, a colloquial term for the soft and inflamed granulations of the edges of a wound. F.-wound, a sUght or superficial wound. F.-worm. See Thread-worms. Fleshy (flesh'-e) \yiE., flesh, flesh]. Mainly composed of muscular tissue. Fleury's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Flexed-toe {Jleksf-to\. See Hammer-toe. Flexibilitas (Jleks-ib-W -it-as) [L.]. Flexibility. F. cerea, a condition of the limbs in catalepsy in which they resist passive movement and seem as if made ofwax. Flexible (fieks'-ib-l) \Jlexus, bent] . That which may be bent. F. Catheter, a catheter made of flexible substance. F. Collodion. See Pyroxylin. F. Pillar. See Pillar. Flexile {flex'-il) [flexilis, pliable]. Easily bent. Flexion (flek'-shun) \Jlexus, bent] . The operation or process of bending ; the condition of being bent ; the opposite of extension. F., Forcible, in surgery, a mode of treating aneurysm by a forcible bending, as, for example, of the knee, so as to compress the popliteal artery, thereby reducing the volume of blood ; also a means of breaking up articular adhesions by mechanical bending. F. and Extension, certain passive Swedish movements used principally for regulating the circula- tion in certain parts, and for relieving local conges- tion. F.-stage of Labor, one of the stages of labor, consisting in a bending of the fetal head forward toward the chest. Flexor [fleks'-or) [flexus, bent]. Any muscle that bends a limb or part. See Muscles, Table of. Flexuous l^/leks'-u-us) \_flectere, to bend]. In biology, alternately curved in opposite directions. Flexura ijleks-u' -rali) [L. ,a bending]. A bending or curve in an organ. In veterinary anatomy, the. so-called knee (in fact the wrist) of the horse. Flexure (Jleks'-ur) \_flexura, a bending]. A bending. F., Sigmoid. See Sigmoid Flexure. Flighty [fli'-te) [Dan., vlugtig, \o\3.ii\c']. Slightly delirious. Flint's Formula. See Alimentation, Rectal. F.'s Murmur. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. F.'s Pill, a pill containing half a grain of iron combined with all the inorganic salts found in the blood in the normal proportion, except chlorid of sodium, which is in excess. Floating [flot'-ing) [ME.,floten, to float]. Free to move around. F. Kidney, one that is misplaced or movable ; wandering. F. Liver, a movable liver. F. Ribs. See Jiibs. F. Spleen, one that is separate from its attachments, and displaced. FLOCCI 479 FLUID Flocci [flok'-i) [L.]. Plural of floccus, a tuft. F. volitantes. Same as Muscte volitantes. Floccillation (Jlok-sil-a' -shun) \Jlocillatio'\. Same as Carphology. Floccitation [Jlok-sit-a'-shun) \Jloccitatid\. Same as Ploccose (Jlok'-os) \_floccus, a flock of wool]. In bi- ology, composed of or bearing tufts of woolly or long and soft hairs. Ploccular (Jlok'-u-lar) \Jlocculus, alittle flock of wool]. Pertaining to the flocculus. Flocculence (Jlok'-u-lens) \Jloccus, a lock of wool]. In biology, a soft, waxy excretion, resembling wool, found on certain insects, d.g, the woolly Aphis. Flocculent (Jlok'-u-lent) \Jloccus, a flock of wool]. Flaky, downy, or woolly ; coalescing in flocky masses. Flocculus (Jlok' -u-lus) [dim. ol floccus, a tuft of wool]. 1. A bilobular mass attached to the medipeduncle of the brain at the peduncular sulcus, and wedged, as it were, between the rounded contiguous angles of the cephalic and caudal regions of the cerebellum. Along with it is the paraflocculus , a single-lobed mass. Their functions and their representatives in other mammals are little known. 2. In biology, a small bunch of stiff hairs. Floccus (flok'-us) [L. , a flock or tuft of wool : pi. , Flocci^ . In biology, a small tuft of woolly hairs. Flood's Ligament. See Ligament. Flooding Qlud'-ing) \yi^., flood, a flood], A copious bleeding from the womb during, after, or just at child- birth ; any excessive uterine hemorrhage. Floor [flo/) \ME., floor, floor]. The basal limit of any hollow organ or open space ; as 'Cos floor of a ventricle, of the antrum, of an orbit, or of the pelvis. F.- space, the distance apart of beds required to afford proper ventilation in hospitals. It should be not less than -jlj of the cubic space. Flora \flo'-rah ) \^Flora, the goddess of flowers]. The entire plant-life of any geographic area' or geologic period. Florence Lake. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Florentine Lake. Same as Florence Lake. Flores(_/?(;''-»-«0)[L.]. Plural of /oj,'a flower. I. The flowers or blossoms of any plant used as a medicine. 2. A flocculent or pulverulent form assumed by cer- tain medicines and chemicals after sublimation; as flores sulphuris, flowers of sulphur ; flores benzoes, flowers of benzoin, or sublimated benzoic acid. Florescence [flor-es' -ens') \_florescere, to begin to bloom]. The opening of flowers ; blossoming. Floret (flor'-et) [flos, flower]. In biology, an indi- vidual flower of a head or cluster of flowers ; it is also called floscule. Florid [flor'-id) [floridus, abounding with flowers]. Bright-red in color ; rosy ; as a florid cheek, or countenance. F. Phthisis. See Galloping Con- sumption. Florida {flor'-id-aK) [floridus, abounding with flowers]. One of the Southern states of the United States. F. Allspice, the leaves of Calycanthus floridus, a pleasant aromatic stimulant. Dose of the fld. ext., gtt. x-xxx. Unof F., Fever. See Fever. Florisugent [flor-is-u' -jent) [yfoj, flower; sugere, to suck]. Applied to birds and insects that suck the nectar of flowers. Flos [L., a "flower"]. A flower. Singular of Flores, q. v. Floscule (flos'-kul) [dim. of flos, a flower] See Floret. Flour {flowr) [old spelhng of flowerl. ^ finely- ground meal; this may be from either wheat, rye, barley, oats, maize or Indian com, and rice, although wheat-flour is used in far the largest amount. Wheat- flour contains starch, dextrin, cellulose, sugar, albu- min, gliadin or gluten, mucin or mucedin, fibrin, terealin, fat, mineral matter, and water. The first four are carbohydrates, or non-nitrogenous substances, and they form nearly three-fourths of the entire weight of the flour. The nitrogenous matter consists of at least five principles, three of which, gluten (or glia- din), mucin (or mucedin), and fibrin, constitute the bulk of the material known as crude gluten, which is the substance left when flour is kneaded with water and afterwards washed to remove the starch and any soluble substance. The remaining two nitrogenous principles, albumin and cerealin, are soluble in water, and are carried away with the starch in the process of washing. Crude gluten possesses a peculiar adhesive- ness, arising from the presence of gliadin, which is a highly tenacious body, and which is not present in the same form in other cereal flours. The vegetable albumin is accompanied also by small amounts of legumin, or vegetable casein, which is also soluble in water. The cerealin is a soluble nitrogenized ferment occurring especially in the husk or bran of wheat and other cereals. It has a powerful fermentative action on starch, rapidly converting it into dextrin and other soluble bodies. The difference in the composition of Fine White Flour. Coarse Wheat Bran. In 100 parts. In one pound. In 100 parts In one pound. Water, . . . 13-0 2 ozs., 35 grs. 14.0 2 ozs., 105 grs. Fibrin, etc., . 10.5 I oz., 297 grs 15.0 2 ozs., 175 grs. Starch, etc., . 74-3 II ozs., 388 grs. 44.0 7 ozs., 17 grs. Fat 0.8 ozs., 57 grs. 4.0 ozs., 280 grs. Cellulose, . . 0.7 ozs., 49 grs. 17.0 2 ozs., 316 grs. Mineral! matter, J " ' 0-7 ozs., 49 grs. 6.0 ozs., 422 grs. the several parts of the wheat-grain is seen in the fore- going table given by Church. F.-ball, a much- used food for infants suffering from summer-complaint. It is made as follows: — Two or three pounds of wheat-flour, tied in a bag, are boiled continuously for 12 hours ; the outer shell is then scraped off, and the inner, yellow portion (mainly dextrin) is grated and used to make a thin gruel. Flourens' Doctrine. A theory that the whole of the cerebrum is concerned in every psychic process. Flovy (flo) [ME. , flowen, to flow]. The free discharge of a liquid, as the blood. Flower {flow'-er) [ME. , flowre, flower]. See Flos. Flower, Angle of. In craniometry, the naso-malar angle. Fluctuation [fluk-tu-a' -shzin) [fluctuare, to float or roll]. The wave-like motion of contained fluid upon pressure, or by succussion. Fluid (Jlu'-id) \Jluere, to flow]. A substance whose molecules move freely upon one another ; any liquid constituent, or secretion of the body. See Amniotic, Condy's, Culture, Laiarraque's, and other fluids. F. Extract. See Extractum Fluidum. F.-ounce. See Weights. F.-dram. See Weights. F., Scarpa's, the FLUIGRAM 480 rCENICULUM endolymph. F. Vein, the name given to the eddies produced in a cavity of the heart by regurgitating blood coming in contact with the current entering the cavity in the normal direction. The oscillation of the particles of blood are attended with a blowing sound or murmur. Fluigram (Jloo' -e-grmn) \Jluidus, fluid ; ypiijifia, a small weight]. In medicine and pharmacy the gram and the cubic centimeter are the most important metric units, and to express their close relationship the cubic centimeter has been very appropriately termed a Flui- gram. Fluke or F.-worm {flak') \WE..,fioke, a fluke]. Any trematode worm ; especially Distoma hcpaticum, q. v. See Trematodes, and Parasites {Animal^ , Table of. Fluor (flu' -or) [L., a flow], i. A liquid state. 2. The menstrual flux. F, albus, white flow ; an old name for Leukorrhea. F. muliebris. Synonym of Leukorrhea. Fluoranthene [flu-or-aii' -then) [fluor, a flow] , CjjH,,,. Idryl; a substance that occurs in the " stubb-fat " ob- tained from the distillation of the " stubb. " It crys- tallizes from alcohol in needles or plates, melting at 109-110° C. , and dissolves readily in hot alcohol, ether, and carbon disulphid. Fluorene [flu-or-ln') \Jluor, a flow], Cj^Hj,,. A sub- stance found in coal-tar ; it can be obtained by passing diphenylmethane through a combustion- tube heated to redness. It is very soluble in hot alcohol, less so in cold alcohol ; it crystallizes in colorless plates having a violet fluorescence, melts at 113° C, and boils at 295° c. Fluorescein [Jlu-or-es' -e-in) \Jltior, a flow], CjoHj^Oj- + HjO. Resorcinol-phthalein. An anhydrid of re- sorcin, prepared by heating phthalic anhydrid with resorcinol to 200° C. It occurs as a yellowish or dark- red powder decomposing at about 290° C. From it are derived the eosin coloring-matters, q. v. Fluorescence [Jlu-or-es' -ens) \_fluere, to flow]. A property possessed by certain substances, consisting in the emission of colors while light is being passed through them. Quinin, fluorspar, and several struct- ures of the eye, possess this power. See also Phos- phorescence. Fluorescent Resorcinol. Same as Resorcin Blue. Fluorescigenous [flu^or-es-ij' -en-us) [fluere, to flow ; ye.wa,v, to produce]. Giving rise to fluorescence. Fluorescin (flu-or-es'-in) [fluere, to flow], CjdHj^Os. A colorless amorphous product of the reduction of fluorescein. On account of its neutral quality and green fluorescence, it has been used to study* the movements of the intraocular fluids. Fluorid {flu'-or-id) {fluere, to flow]. A basic salt of fluorin. Fluorin {flu' -or-in)\_ fluor, a flow]. r=l9; quantival- ence I . One of the elements. It has not been isolated, but is probably a gas. All its salts are highly corro- sive and poisonous in their full strength. See Ele- ments, Table of. Ammonium fluorid is recommended by Lucas for hypertrophy of the spleen. Dose ll\,v of a gr. iv to gj solution. Unof. Hydrofluoric acid, is an antiseptic and antiferment. Inhalations of the dilute vapor have been recommended in diphtheria and tuberculosis. Fluorindenes {flu-or-in'-denz) [fluor, a flow]. A series of dye-stuffs closely allied to the indulins. They are produced by the protracted heating of azophenin or amidophenazin, alone or with orthodiamins. They dissolve in alcohol with beautiful fluorescence and form greenish-blue fluorescent salts. Fluoroform {flu-or' -o-form) [fluor, a flow ; forma, form], CHFj. A gas, the fluorin analogue of chloro- form. Fluoroscope {flu-or' -os-kop) [fluere, to flow ; amirm, to examine]. The instrument for holding the fluor- escent screen in X-ray examination. Fluoroscopy (flu-or-os'-ko-pe) [fluere, to flow ; amiruv, to examine]. The process of inspecting the tissues by means of a fluorescent screen. Flush [origin obscure]. A temporary redness, as the hectic flush, sometimes due to vasomotor paresis. Flushing {flush' -ing) [origin obscure] . I . A frequent symptom in the subjects of cardiac palpitation, and especially in Graves' disease. It implies a condition of vaso-motor irritability with a paresis of the arte- rioles in certain areas. It is often accompanied by local perspiration. It is seldom a marked symptom of organic disease. 2. The process of cleansing by a rapid flow of liquid. Flux {fluks) [fluxus, flowing]. I. An abnormal flow of any of the excretions of the body, especially the feces. Also, a synonym of Dysente7'y. 2. In chemistry, any highly-fusible substance or mixture, as the sub- borate of soda, employed in the fusion of metals. F., Sebaceous. See Seborrhea. Fluxion {fluk'-shun) [fluxus, a flowing] . A gathering of blood or other fluid in one part of the body ; con- gestion, or hyperemia. Fluxus {fluks' -us) [L.]. A flow or a flowing. F. cruentus. Synonym of Dysentery. F. dysenteri- cus. Synonym of Dysentery. F. sebaceus. Syn- onym of Seborrhea. F. splenicus. Synonym of Melena. F. tortninosus. Synonym of Dysentery. Fly (/?«■) [}llY..,flye, a fly]. A dipterous insect. For parasitic flies, see Parasites {Animal), Table of. F.- agaric. See Agaricus muscarius. F. -blister. Flying Blister. See Blister. F. -poison. See Amianthium. F. -sickness. See Barcoo. Focal [fo'-kal) [focus, a point; a fire-place]. Pertain- ing to or occupying a focus. F. Disease. See Disease. F. Hemorrhage, localized hemorrhage, in contradis- tinction to diffuse or disseminated hemorrhage. F. Meningitis, meningitis involving but a small area of the membranes. F. Myelitis, localized myelitis, in contradistinction to diffuse or disseminated myelitis. F. Sclerosis, the chronic form, sometimes called Sclerotic Myelitis. Focil {fo'-sil) [focile, a. spindle]. Any bone of the forearm or leg. F. majus, the ulna. F, majus cruris, the tibia. F. minus, the radius. F. minus cruris, the fibula. Focus (Jb'-hus) [focus, a point : pi., focil. The prin- cipal seat of a disease. The point (called principal focus) to which converge the rays of light that pass through a convex lens or are reflected from a concave mirror. F., Equivalent, in microscopy, when the real image of an objective of a certain focal length is of the same size as that produced by a simple con- verging lens whose focal distance equals that of the ob- jective, it is said to have an equivalent focus. F., Negative, or Virtual, the imaginary focus of an object placed within the principal focus. Conjugate Foci, interdependent foci. Focusing (fo' -kus-ing) [focus, a point] . The mutual arrangement of an object and the optic parts of a microscope so that a clear image may be seen. F. Down, in microscopy, focusing. by moving the objective down or toward the object, but at the risk of damag- ing it. F. Up, focusing by moving the objecrive up or away from the object. Foderfe's Test. See Birth. Foeniculum {fen-ik'-u-lum) [L.: gen., FcenicuW]. Fennel. The fruit of P. vulgare, with properties due to a volatile oil. It is a mild stimulant and aromatic carminative. F., Aq., 2 parts of the oil in 1000 of FOERSTER'S SHIFTING-TYPE 481 FONTANEL water. Dosegss-§j. F., Ol., the volatile oil. Dose n\,ij-v. See also Fennel. Foerster's Shifting-tjrpe. See Signs and Symptoms. Forster's Method. See Cataract, Artificial Matura- tion of. F.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of. Foetal (fe'-tal). See Fetal. FoEtor \fe'-tor). See Fetor. Foetus i^fe'-tus). See Fetus. Fokker's Method. A method of estimating uric acid in the urine. 200 c.c. of urine are made strongly alka- line by sodium carbonate, and after an hour 20 c.c. of a concentrated solution of ammonium chlorid are added. The mixture is allowed to stand at a low temperature for 48 hours, when the precipitate that forms is collected on a weighed filter and washed. The filter is washed with dilute HCl (l in 10), and the filtrate collected; this operation is repeated till all the acid urate on the filter is dissolved. The filtrates are mixed, allowed to stand for 6 hours, and the uric acid which then separates is collected on the same filter, washed twice with water, then with alcohol, till all acid reaction dis- appears, diied at 110° C, and weighed. To the weight obtained add 0.03 gram, and subtract the weight of the filter ; the remainder is the weight of uric acid in 200 c.c. of urine. Fol's Fixing-fluid. A modification of Fleming's solu- tion, used, as is the latter, for the fixation of cells undergoing indirect cell-division. See Stains, Table of. F.'s Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Fold {fold) \}ll'Z., fold, a fold]. A term applied to the plication or doubling together of various parts of the body. F., Aryteno-epiglottidean, a fold of mucous membrane stretched between the sides of the epiglottis and the apex of the arytenoid cartilage. F., Palpebral, the fold formed by the reflection of the conjunctiva from the eyelids on to the eye. There are two folds, the superior and inferior. F., Recto- vaginal, the fold of the peritoneum in females de- scending in front of the rectum and behind the vagina. It corresponds with the recto-vesical fold of males. F., Vater's, the plica transversalis or transverse fold of the duodenum, situated just above the opening of the pancreatic and biliary ducts. Folders {fol'-derz) [ME. , fold, a fold] . English usage for Pince-nez or ' ' eye-glasses. ' ' Folia (/o'-/«-a/4) [//. of folium, \e.&i\ I. Leaves; a term much used in pharmacopeias and dispensatories, and designating the leaves of such plants as are used in medicine. 2. The intervening thin plates between the crevices of greater or less depth {rimulte) upon the entire surface of the adult cerebellum. Foliaceous (fo-le-a' -se-us) [folium, a leaf]. Leaf-like. Foliation (fo-le-a' -shun) {jbliare, to put forth leaves]. The act of leafing out ; frondescence. Folie {fo-le') [Fr.]. Insanity. F. a deux {fo-le'-ah duh'). [Fr.] See Insanity, Communicated. F. Circulaire [fo-le' -ser-ku-ldr'). Cyclic insanity. F. du Doute. See Doubt, Insanity of. F., Alternate. Cyclic Insanity, q. v. Foliicolous [fo-le-ik'-o-lus) \Jblium, a leaf; colere, to dwell]. In biology, growing upon leaves. Foliole [fo'-le-ol) [folium, a leaf. ] In biology, a leaf- let or leaflet-like organ. Foliose [fo'-le-os) [foHosus, leafy]. Abounding in leaves, leaflets, or leaf-like appendages. Folium {fo'-le-um) [L., a leaf: pi.. Folia']. I. In biology, a leaf At the time of Caesalpinus it applied equally to sepals, petals, or ordinary leaves. 2. Any lamina or leaflet of gray matter, forming a part of the arbor vitas of the cerebellum. Folius, Process of. Process of Rau ; a process at the junction of the handle with the neck of the malleus. 31 It passes anteriorly into the Glaserian fissure. It is about three-and-a-half lines long in the new-born infant. After birth it unites with the under wall of the Glaserian fissure. FoUette (^/-«/') [Fr.]. Synonym of In^uenza. Follicle (fol'-ik-l) [folliculus, dim. oifollis, bellows]. I. In anatomy, a very small secretory cavity or sac, as one of the follicles of Lieberkiihn. 2. In biology, a simple pod, splitting only by the ventral suture. F., Graafian, one of the small vesicular bodies in the cortical layer of the ovary, consisting of flattened granular cells with oval nuclei and membrana propria, each about yjj^ inch in diameter. F., Sebaceous, one of the sacs lying within the skin that secrete the oily fluid with which the skin is .softened. Follicular (fol-ik' -u-lar) [folliculus, a little follicle]. Relating or appertaining to a follicle. Folliculitis {fol-ik-u-W -tis) [folliculus, a follicle ; ltiq, inflammation] . Inflammation of a group of follicles, as of the hair. F. barbse. See Sycosis. F. decalvans, Quinquaud's.Disease : a chronic folliculitis of the hairy parts, especially of the scalp, which leads to a cicatri- cial alopecia. The patches are about the size of a shilling, irregular in outline, and almost smooth and polished, but with some granular points at the periph- ery, and red points on the white, atrophied, cicatri- cially-depressed surface. F. exulcerans. See Hydrosadenitis pklegmonosa. Folliculium (fol-ik-u'-le-um). The liquor foUiculi. See Liquor. Folliculose (fol-ik' -u-los) \_follis, a bellows] . Full of follicles. Having the appearance of follicles. Fomentation (J'o-men-ta'-shun)\_fotnentare, to foment]. The application of cloths soaked in hot medicinal solutions, to reduce inflammation or to allay pain. Also, the application of hot dry cloths. Also, the medicament, or other material, so applied. Fomes (fo'-mez) [L. for "tinder": //., Fomites']. Any substance (as a garment, carpet, letter) capable of acting as the medium for the transmission of an in- fectious disease. Fonifero [fo-nif'-er-o). See Phonophore. Fons pulsatilis (fons pul-sat'-il-is) [L. ] . See Fontanel. Fontaine's Chamber. See Anesthetic. Fontana, Canals of. Set Canal. F.'s Markings, or Strise of. Delicate microscopic transverse folds of nerve-fibers, to which is due the fact of the non- retraction of the fibers when divided. F.'s, Spaces, those between the processes of the ligamentum pecti- natum iridis. See Canal. Fontanel, or Fontanelle [fon-tan-el') [dim. oi fontana, a spring, from the appearance and feeling]. A Fontanels of Fetal Skull. membranous space of the infant's skull, from delayed ossification of the cranial bones. F., Anterior, that at the point of union of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures. See also Bregma. F., Posterior, that at FONTICULUS FOOT the point of junction of the apex of the lambdoid and the sagittal sutures. Fonticulus {fon-tik' -u-lus) [dim. of fans, fountain]. I. The depression at the root of the neck, just cephalad of the sternum ; more fully fonticulus gut- iuris. 2. A small artificial ulcer or issue. Food [ME. , foode] . Anything used for the nourish- ment or formation of tissue. The substances ordin- arily employed as aliments. F., Albutnin-spring, one that diminishes the metabolism of albuminates. F.-accessories, a term given to the various sub- stances used as condiments, which give flavor to food or ANIMAL FOODS. Wnter. FroteidB. Albu. N-free Salta. mlnoida, org. bodies. Beef. L a2 ^^5^IHKfI9IIIIIlH 2.5 Pork. L 95 __ _A i^i ■1 li Fowl. ( 78 ^^^m,. FlBh. 1 76 Hr^^'IffHIH 2 Bgg.L 73,5 ^smiiiii 1 Cow'B milk. [ ae HiBla.6 milk. L 69 HIH| o.i VEGE- rABLE FOODS. "Water. FroLeids I)igp.>Libie. N-free or. ganio bodies Non- Salts, digeaiible. bread. L ^1,» Hlllilllllllllll |I.. H ■^^« Peae.[: llllliillllilillli lit ■ 2.5 Eloc. L 13 ■■■■ iilill^ III I1.6 75 6111 llli|lK)llll!lllil[Jt(^ 1 ' "" 90,5 Hill 0.5 Cauliflower. | 90 ammm 1 Beer. [_ 90 illBII|0.5 stimulate the digestive secretions, as well as to the well- known stimulants, tea, cofifee, cocoa, alcohol, etc. Foods, Isodynamic. Those producing an equal amount of heat. F., Plastic, proteids. F., Res- piratory, fats and carbohydrates. (The nomencla- ture of the last two rests upon an erroneous theory.) F., Classification of (according to Yeo) : — 1. Albuminates. — Nitrogenous substances having the same or nearly the same chemic composition as albumin. Examples. — Albumin, fibrin, synto- nin, myosin, globulin, casein, from the atiimal; gluten and legumin, from the vegetable kingdom. (c). Subordinate nitrogenous substances referred to this class, and known as — ( Gelatin. Gelatigenous substances, -< Casein. (.Chondrin. 2. Fats, or Hydro-carbons, containing carbon, hydro|;en, and oxygeti ; the proportion of oxygen being insufficient to convert all the hydrogen into water. Examples. — Olein, stearin, margarin. (Butter is a familiar one.) 3. Carbo-hydrates, containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ; the two latter elements in the propor- tion to form water. Examples. — Starch, dextrin, cane-sugar, grape-sugar, lactose or milk-sugar. {a). The Vegetable acids, oxalic, tartaric, citric, malic, acetic, and lactic, are by some authors referred to this class. ■ 4. Mineral.— Water. 5a«j,— Sodium and potassi- um chlorids, calcium and magnesium phos- phates, iron, etc. F., Complete, a food that contains all the alimentary Inor- ganic. substances required for the support and maintenance of animal life. The only complete food afforded by the animal kingdom is eggs. F.-cure, dietetic treat- ment of disease. F. -stuffs or F.-substances, the materials, from both the animal and vegetable king- doms, that may be employed for the purpose of sup- plying nourishment to the body, and providing the elements necessary for the formation of tissue. F.- vacuole, a temporary space often noticed in protozoa, containing nutritive matter. F.-yolk, all that portion of the yolk that does not undergo segmentation, but serves to nourish the embryo ; nutritive protoplasm ; deutoplasm. Fool's Parsley. See Ethusa. Foot [ME., foof\. I. The terminal extremity of the leg; one of the organs of locomotion. In bimana and quadrumana it con- sists of the tarsus, meta- tarsus, and phalanges, or toes. 2. The base of a microscope. 3. A meas- ure of length eqiial to twelve inches or 30.479 cm. F.-clonus. See Clonus and Ankle-clonus. F.-bath, a pediluvium. F.-drop, a falling of the foot due to a paralysis of the flexors of the ankle. It is seen in neuritis. See Dropped Foot. F., Fun- gus. Madura Foot; Mycetoma ; Ulcus grave. An endemic disease of India affecting the foot, which increases in size, this increase being at- tended with the develop- m e n t of mammillated pustules, in each of which is a deep-seated sinus. The sinuses are lined by a distinct membrane, and contain characteristic "fish-roe bodies" of a white, yellowish, red- dish, or blackish color. These bodies are com- posed mainly of fatty and caseous matters, the re- sults of decomposition, encrusted with salts and blood- pigment. The bones are slowly ab- sorbed, and gangrene or exhaustion may carry off the patient. The disease is most common in adult males. A fungus, Chiony- pha carteri, appears to be the active cause of the disease. F.-halt, a dis- ease of sheep, said to be caused by worms in the foot, F. -mange, a para Foot, Plantar Aspect. Inferior surface of calca- neum. 2. Inner tuberosity. 3. Outer tuberosity. 4. Angu- lar depression between these tuberosities. 5. Inferior por- tion of head of astragalus. 6. Plantar surface of cuboid, for attachment of inferior cal- caneo-cuboid ligament. 7. Tuberosity of cuboid. 8. Sca- phoid. 9. Tuberosity of sca- phoid. 10. Inferior portion of internal cuneiform; ^i. Apex of middle cuneiform. 12. Apex of internal cunei- form. 13, 14, ig, 16, 17. First, second, third, fourth and fifth metatarsal bones. 18. Tuber- osity of fifth metatarsal bone. 19. Two sesamoid bones. 20. First phalanx of great toe. 21. Last phalanx ofgreat toe. 22, 22. First phalanges of remaining toes. 23, 23. Sec- ond and third phalanges of these toes. sitic disease of the heels and lower parts of the legs, especially the hind ones, of a horse, giving rise to great itching and irritation. It is due to an acarus, Symbiotis equi. F.-and-mouth Disease, a rare affection that occurs in sheep, cows, pigs, and horses, and is occa- sionally transmitted to man. It manifests itself by the appearance of vesicles and buUse in the mouth and on b^ FOOT 483 FORAMEN the feet at the margins of the hoofs, and in cows, on the udder and teats. In man, vesicles form in the mouth, on the hands and feet. In two or three days , these rupture , discharging an opaque, yellowish fluid, and leaving dark-red ulcers. There are also fever, anorexia, pain on eating, swelling of the tongue, fetid breath, salivation, and derangement of digestion. See Eczema epizootica, and Streptocyius of Eczema epizootica, Schottelius, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. F.-phenomenon. See Ankle-clonus. F.-pound, the work required to overcome a force equal to raising the weight of a pound through the space of a foot. See Unit. F.- poundal, the work done by a poundal acting through one foot. F.-rot, a disease of sheep, said to be due to pasturing in wet ground. One form is contagious ; and the disease is said by soiue to be tuberculous in nature. Footling {foot' -ling) [ME., foote"]. With the foot or feet foremost ; as a footling presentation in obstetrics. Foramen (fo-ra'-men) \_forare, to pierce]. A passage or opening, especially one in a bone. A Table of Foramina is appended. TABLE OF FORAMINA. Name. Location. Transmits. Accessory transverse. Anomalous foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. An anomalous and accessory verte- bral artery. Acoustic. The same as the internal auditory meatus. The auditory and facial nerves. Alveolar, anterior. See Dental^ inferior. Alveolar, inferior. See Dental, inferior. Alveolar, posterior. In the superior maxilla. Superior posterior dental vessels and nerves. Amplum pelveos. See Obturator. Anonymous of Ferrein. See Hiatus Fallopii. Anteorbital. In mammals, an oriiice in the cheek-bone in front of the orbit, corresponding to the infraorbital foramen of man. Superior maxillary division of the tri- facial nerve ; occasionally the mas- seter muscle. Antorbital. See Anteorbital. Aortic. An opening in the diaphragm. The aorta. Arachnoid. See Foramen of Magendie. Atlantal. In many animals, a hole through the ventral border of the atlas ; only exceptionally present in man. Suboccipital nerve ; vertebral artery. Atrio-ventricular, com- mon. In some animals, an auriculo-ventricular opening common to both auricles and ventricles. Blood. Auditory, external. The external meatus of the auditory canal. Sound-waves to tympanic membrane. Auditory, internal. See Acoustic. Auricular. The mouth of the external auditory meatus. Sound-waves to tympanic membrane. Bartholin's. See Obturator, Bichat's. A supposed communication between the subarachnoid space and the cavity of the third ventricle of the brain. OfBotalorBotallo. In the fetus, the opening between the two auricles of the heart, situated at the lower posterior portion of the septum auricu- larum. Blood. Carotic. The inferior aperture of the carotid canal. Carotid vessels. Carotico-clinoid. Sphenoid bone ; an occasional foramen, formed by the union of the apices of the anterior and middle clinoid processes. Carotico-tympanic. See Canal, Carotico-tympanic. Carotid, external. " The external aperture of the carotid canal. Internal carotid artery and carotid plexus. Carotid, internal. The internal aperture of the carotid canal . Internal carotid artery and carotid plexus. Cavernous. Sphenoid bone ; a small passage. The median vertebral vein. Cecal, anterior. Also called prepontUe fossa ; the depression at the cephalic margin of the pons. Cecal (of frontal bone). Formed by the frontal bone and the crista galli of the ethmoid ; a small foramen. A vein, occasionally. Cecal (of medulla ob- longata). See Cecal, anterior. FORAMINA 484 FORAMINA TABLE OF YOViAM.mA.—ConHnued. Name. Location. Transmits. Cecal (of pharynx). Median line of posterior wall of the pharynx ; a depression in the mucous membrane. Cecal, posterior. A depression just below the pons. The ventral median fissure terminates in this. Cecal {of retina). See Fovea centralis. Cecal, retro-anal. See Foveola coccygea. Cecal (of superior maxilla). See Incisive. Cecal {pfton£:ue). Posterior termination of the median raph6 of tongue. A number of small glands open into it. Central. See Fovea centralis. Central (of the cochlea). See Cochlecs centrale. Central (of Soeramer- ring). See Central {of ike retina). Cervical. Transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. The vertebral artery and vein. Clinoideo-carotic. See Carotico-clinoid. " Cochlese centrale. The largest of several openings at the base of the modiolus. Common, anterior. See Foramen of Monro. Conarial. The orifice of the conarial recess. Condylar, anterior. See Condyloid^ anterior. Condylar, posterior. Behind the condyles of the occipital bone, opening externally into the occipital fossa. Veins. Condyloid, accessory. A small foramen near the anterior condyloid foramen. A vein, occasionally. Condyloid, anterior (sometimes double). Anterior to and to the outer side of each occipital condyle, passing downward, outward, and forward through the basilar process. The hypoglossal nerve ; occasionally a meningeal branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery. Condyloid, posterior. The fossa behind the occipital condyles. A vein to the lateral sinus. Coraco-scapular. In some animals, an orifice formed by the articulation of the coracoid bone with the scapula. Cordiform. In reptiles, the obturator foramen. Costo- transverse. The space between the transverse process of a vertebra and the neck of its corresponding rib. Branches of intercostal arteries and nerves. Cotyloid. A notch in the acetabulum converted into a canal by a ligament. Vessels and nerves. Cribrosa. Small openings in the lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid bone. Filaments of the olfactory nerves. Cruro-popliteal, ante- rior. An aperture in the upper part of the tibio-fibular interosseous membrane. The anterior tibial vessels. Dental, inferior. The external aperture of the inferior dental canal, in the ramus of the inferior maxilla. Inferior dental vessels and nerves. Dextrum. See Quadrate. Diaphragmatic. Several canals through the diaphragm. The esophagus, aorta, vagus nerves, inferior vena cava, and other struc- tures. Diaphragmatic, left in- ferior. See Aortic. Diaphragmatic, left su- perior. See Esophageal. Diploic. Small openings in the inner plate of the cranial bones, leading from the cranial cavity into the diploe. Veins. Of Duverney. See Foramen of Winslow. Emissary. The skull. The emissary veins. Epiploic. See Foramen of Winslow. Epitrochlear. In many animals, on the inner condyle of the humerus ; some- times present or represented in man by a groove. FORAMINA 485 FORAMINA TABLE OF FORAMI'NA.— Continued. Name. Location. TfeANSMITS. Esophageal. The diaphragm. The esophagiis. Ethnioid, anterior. A canal formed between the ethmoid and frontal bones. The nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve ; anterior ethmoid vessels. Ethmoid, posterior. See Canal, Sthmoid, posterior. Posterior ethmoid artery and vein. Frontal. The supra-orbital notch of the frontal bone vfhen it is con- verted into a canal by an overlying process of bone. Supraorbital vessels and nerves. Fronto-ethmoid. The foramen cecum in the suture between the frontal and eth- moid bones. Glandulosum Mor- gagni. See Foramen cecum [of 'tongue). Of Buschke. A perforation often found near the inner extremity of the tym- panic plate ; it is due to an arrest of development. Connects the glenoid fossa of the tem- poral bone with the external auditory meatus. Incisive. See Incisor Incisor. Aperture of the incisor canal in the alveolar margin. Nerves and vessels to the incisor teeth. Infra-maxillary. The inferior dental canal, q. z/., under Canal. Infra-orbital. In the superior maxilla, the external aperture of the infra- orbital canal. The infraorbital nerve and artery. Infra-pubic. See Obturator. Innominate. Temporal bone. The Vidian nerve. Intercarpal. ^ The carpus of batrachians. Interclinoid. A canal formed by an anomalous process, connecting the middle and posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid. Intermaxillary. See Incisor, Interorbital. In birds, a space in the bony plate separating the orbits. Intervertebral, ante- rior. The aperture formed by the notches opposite to each other in the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. The spinal nerves and vessels. Intervertebral, poste- rior. The space between the articular processes of adjacent verte- brae, except the first cervical. Ischiadic, major. See Sacro-sciatic, great. Ischiadic, middle. An open space left between an anomalous and the normal sacro- spinal ligament. Ischiadic, minor or small. See Sacro-sciatic, small. Ischi'o-pubic. See Obturator. Jugular. See Lacerated, posterior. Jugular, spurious. An anomalous opening in the squamous portion of the temporal bone. A vessel that cdnnects the external jug- ular vein with an intracranial vessel. Lacerated, anterior. See Sphenoid fissure. Lacerated, inferior. See Sphenomaxillary fissure. Lacerated, jugular. See Lacerated, posterior. ' Lacerated, middle. An irregular aperture between the apex of the petrous por- tion of the temporal bone and the body and great wing of the sphenoid, and the basilar process of the occipital bone. The carotid artery and the large superficial petrosal nerve. Lacerated, orbital. The Sphenoid Fissure, q. v. Lacerated, posterior. The space formed by the jugular notches of the occipital and temporal bones, divided into two portions. The posterior portion, the internal jugular vein ; the anterior portion, the gth, loth, and nth cranial nerves, and the inferi^^petrosal sinus. Lacerated, superior. See Sphenoid fissure. Of Magendie. An orifice in the membranous roof of the fourth ventricle. Magnum. See Magnum occipitale. FORAMINA 486 FORAMINA TABLE OF YOKAMIHA.— Continued. Name. Location. Transmits. Magnum ischii. The Obturator foramen, g. v. Magnum occipitale. A large oval aperture, centrally placed in the lower and anterior part of the occipital bone. TJie spinal cord and its membranes; the spinal accessory nerves ; the ver- tebral arteries. Malar. The malar bone. Nerves and vessels. Mandibular. See Dental, inferior. Mandibular, anterior. See Mental. Mandibular, posterior. See Dental, inferior. Mastoid. A small foramen behind the mastoid process. A small artery from the dura ; a vein opening into the lateral sinus. Mastoid, posterior. See Mastoid. . Maxillary, anterior. See Mental. Maxillary, inferior. See Dental, inferior. Maxillary, posterior. See Dentaly inferior. Maxillary, superior. See Canal, Dental, posterior. Medium. See Lacerated, middle. Medullse spinalis. See Vertebral. Medullary. See Nutrient. Medullary {of the ver- tebral column). See Vertebral. ^ Of Meibomius. See Cecum {of the tongue). Meningeal. An anomalous opening in the squamous portion of the temporal bone. A branch of the middle meningeal artery. Mental. A foramen in the inferior maxilla, external to the incisive fossa, midway between the upper and lower borders of the bone, and in the interval between the two bicuspid teeth. Mental nerve and vessels. Of Monro. An opening behind the anterior pillars of the fornix through which the lateral ventricle of the brain communicates with the third ventricle. The choroid plexus. Monro, anterior of. See Foramen of Monro. Monro, primitive. The primitive foramen that connects the third with the lateral ventricle of the brain. Morgagni's. See Cecum {of tongue). Nasal. Small canals that perforate the nasal bones. Vessels and nerves. Nutrient. The canal connecting the medullary cavity of the bone with its external surface. The nutrient vessels. Nutrient {of femur). The aperture near the upper part of the linea aspera of the femur. Nutrient artery. Nutrient (of humerus). The aperture slightly below the middle of the humerus. The nutrient artery. Nutrient {of radius). The aperture on the anterior surface of the radius. The nutrient artery. Nutrient (of w/rea). The aperture on the anterior surface of the ulna. The nutrient artery. Obturator. The large ovoid opening between the ischium and the pubis, internal and inferior to the acetabulum ; it is partly closed in by a fibrous membrane. Obturator vessels and nerves. Occipital. See Magnum occipitale. Occipital, superior. See Superior occipital. Occipitale, magnum. See Magnum occipitale. Oculi. The pupil. Rays of light. Olfactory. Numerous foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid. Olfactory nerves. Omental, great. The communication between the cavities of the greater and lesser omenta. FORAMINA 487 FORAMINA TABLE OF FORAMINA.— Continued. Name. Location. Transmits. Omental, lesser or small. See Foramen of IVinslow. Oodes. See Obturator. Optic. V V \ \. The canal at the apex of the orbit, the anterior termination of the optic groove, just beneath the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. Optic nerve ; ophthalmic artery. Optic (of the choroid). The choroid. The optic nerve-fibers pass through this to their expansion in the re- tina. Optic (of the sclera). The sclerotic coat of the eye. The optic nerve. Orbital, anterior inter- nal. See Ethmoid, anterior. Orbital, internal. See Canal, Ethmoid, anterior. Orbital, superior. See Supraorbital. Ossis pubis. See Obturator. Oval (of the heart). See Foramen of Boial. Oval (of the hip). See Obturator. Oval (of innominate bone). See Obturator. Oval (of the sphenoid). An ovoid aperture near the posterior margin of the great wing of the sphenoid. The inferior maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve; the small menin- geal artery; occasionally, the small petrosal nerve. Pacchionian. The depressions on the inner surface of the skull. For the Pacchionian bodies. Palatine, anterior. See Canal, Incisor. Palatine, great poste- rior. The Posterior palatine canal, q. v. , Palato-maxillary. See Canal, Palato-maxillary. Of Panizza. The communication between the right and left aortic arches of reptiles. Blood. Papillaria. The opening of the uriniferous tubules at the apices of the pyra- mids of Malpighi. Urine. Parietal. Near the posterior superior angle of the parietal bone ; incon- stant. An emissary vein of the superior longitudinal sinus ; occasionally a small branch of the occipital artery. Pelvic, large. See Obturator. Pneumatic. In birds, a large aperture near one end of the long pneumatic bones communicating with the interior. Permits the entrance of air. Posterior. See Lacerated, posterior. Postglenal. See Postglenoid. Postglenoid. In comparative anatomy, an opening immediately posterior to the root of the zygoma. Postpalatine. The Posterior palatine canal, q. v. Pre-acetabular. In the Cheiroptera, an opening formed by a process extending from the ilio-pectineal eminence to the anterior extremity of the ilium. Pro sinu petroso infe- riore. An anomalous roundish opening formed by adjacent porti9ns of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the occipital bone. The inferior petrosal sinus. Profundum. See Iter ad infundibulum. Pterygo-palatine. The external aperture of the pterygo-palatine canal. Pterygo-palatine vessels; pharyngeal nerve. Quadrate. The diaphragm. The inferior vena cava. Repugnatoria. In Cheilagnatka, apertures of cutaneous glands on each side of the back, in rows. Secrete a defensive corrosive fluid. FORAMINA 488 FORAMINA TABLE OF FORAMINA.— C«»riKz«a?. Name. Location. Transmits. Retina centrale. See Fovea centralis. Of Rivini. An opening in the tympanum, the existence of which is dis- puted. Rotundum. See Round. Round. A roundish opening in the great wing of the sphenoid bone. The superior division of the fifth nerve. Sacral, anterior i/our on eitker side). On anterior surface of sacrum, connecting with sacral canal. The anterior branches of sacral nerves. Sacral, posterior {four on either aide). The posterior surface of the sacrum, external to the articular processes. Posterior branches of sacral nerves. Sacro-sciatic, great. The oval space between the lesser sacro-sciatic ligament and the innominate bone. The pyriformis muscle, the gluteal, sciatic, and pudic vessels and nerves. Sacro-sciatic, small. The space included between the greater and lesser sacro- sciatic ligaments and the portion of the innominate bone- between the spine and tuberosity of the ischium. Internal obturator muscle ; the inter- nal pudic vessels and nerves. Saphenous. See Saphenous Opening. Scapular. The supra-scapular notch, when it is converted into a foramen by a ligamentous or bony structure. Suprascapular nerve and artery. Of Scarpa. Bony canals opening into the incisor canal. The naso-palatine nerves. Sclerotic, anterior. The opening in the sclerotic which is filled in by the cornea. Sclerotic, posterior. See Optic {of the sclera). Of Soemmering. See Fovea centralis, and Central {of the retina). Spheno-frontal. In the cartilaginous basis of the skull, between the labyrinths of the ethmoid and the alse parvse of the sphenoid and the anterior sphenoid. Sphenoidal, anterior. A rare anomalous opening in the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. The internal maxillary artery. Sphe no-palatine. The space between the sphenoid and orbital processes of the palate and sphenoid spongy bone; it opens into the nasal cavity. Branches from Meckel's ganglion ; the nasal branch of the internal maxil- lary artery. Spheno-spinosum. See spinosum. Spinal. See Vertebral. Spinosum. The great wing of the sphenoid bone, near its posterior angle. The middle meningeal artery. Spondli. See sphenofrontal. Of Stensen. See Canal, Incisor. Sternal. Near the inferior termination of the sternum ; inconstant. Vessel. Stylo-mastoid. Between the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone, constituting the external aperture of the aqueduct of Fallopius. Facial nerve ; stylo-mastoid artery. Suborbital. The orifice at the anterior end of the infraorbital canal. Infraorbital artery and nerve. Subsacral. See Sacral, anterior. Supersacral. See Sacral, posterior. Supracondyloid. See Epitrochlear. Supra-orbital. A notch in the superior orbital margin at the junction of the middle with the inner third, sometimes converted into a. foramen by a bony process or a ligamentous band. It is the orifice of a groove in the upper wall of the orbit. Supra-orbital artery, veins, and nerve. Supratrochlear. The thin plate of bone between the olecranon and the coronoid fossa of the humerus; inconstant. Of Tar in us. The Hiatus Fallopii, q. v. OfThebesius. Small depressions on the inner surface of the heart, especially in the right auricle. Some of these are cul-de-sacs ; others are the mouths of the vense minima: cordis. Thyreoid. See Thyroid, FORAMINA 489 FORCEPS TABLE OF FORAMINA.— G.«^m«^^. Name. Location. Transmits. Thyroid. I. A foramen in the ala of the thyroid cartilage, more or less completely covered by perichondrium. 2. See Obturator. Trachelian. See Vertebrarterial. Transverse. See Vertebrarterial. Venae cavae. See Quadrate. Venae saphenae. See Saphenous Opening. Veiiosum. See Quadrate. Vertebral. The space included between the body and arch of a vertebra. The spinal cord and its appendages. Vertebrarterial. The foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. Vertebral artery and vein. Vesalius. A minute inconstant aperture at the root of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. A small vein. Vicq d'Azyr's. See Foramen cecum, anterior and posterior. Vidian. See Canal, Vidian. Of the vomer. The posterior aperture of the canal of the vomer. OfWinslow. An aperture situated between the liver and stomach, bounded in front by the portal vein, hepatic artery and duct, behind, by the inferior vena cava, below, by the hepatic artery, and above, by the liver. It is formed by folds of the peritoneum, and establishes communication between the greater and lesser cavities of the peritoneum. Zygomatic, anterior. See Zygomatico-facial. Zygomatic/ external. See ZygomxLtico-facial. Zygomatic, internal. See Zygomatico-temporal. Zygomatic, posterior. See Zygomatico-temporal. Zygomatic, superior. See Zygomatico-temporal. Zygomatic, temporal. See Zygomatico-temporal. Zygomatico-facial. The aperture of the malar canal on the facial surface of the malar bone. Malar division of temporo-malar branch of superior maxillary nerve. Zygomatico-temporal. The external aperture of the malar canal, on the temporal surface of the malar bone. Malar division of temporo-malar branch of superior maxillary nerve. Foraminated [fo-ram'-in-a-ted) \_foramen, an open- ing]. Containing foramina. Foraminiferous (jo-ram-in-if'-er-us). Same as For- aminated. Forbes, Micrococcus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. F., Operation of. ^^e. Operations, Table of. Force {fors) [fortis, strong] . That which produces or arrests motion. The rate of transformation of energy in time. Whatever may be converted into motion (Robert Mayer). Forced (first) \_forHs, strong]. Accomplished by an unusual exertion of force. F. Feeding. See Sur- alimentation and Feeding. Forceps [for'-seps) \_ forceps, a pair of tongs]. An instrument with two blades and handles for purposes of seizing, traction, etc., in surgical, obstetric, and other operations. F., Angular, one bent for introduc- tion into a canal. F., Arterial, one specially adapted for seizing an artery ; many varieties are named after inventors. F., Bone, one exceptionally strong, for use in operations upon bones. F., Bull-dog, a forceps with sharp teeth (as for holding an artery). F., Bullet, one of peculiar construction, to extract bullets. F., Cannula, long, slender forceps enclosed in a tube, that opens by protruding the blades. F., Catch, a forceps with a catch on the handle. F., Craniotomy, the halves are crossed and adapted to embryotomy. F., Dental, adapted for extraction of teeth. This was probably among the first, and, per- haps, almost the only instrument employed for the extraction of teeth, until the invention of Garengeot, in the early part of the eighteenth century. But from the time of Celsus, down to this period, the forceps used for the extraction of teeth were so rude in their construction and so illy adapted for the purpose, that for the removal of the molar teeth the employ- ment of the key-instrument became general, both among dentists and physicians. At the present time, however, forceps have been so greatly im- proved that the key is but little used. F., Duck- bill. See Duckbill. F., Ectropion, adapted foi seizing the lid in operations for ectropion. F., Gouge, cutting-forceps for operations upon bone. F., Hem- ostatic, a forceps for controlling hemorrhage. F., Iridectomy, a delicate forceps for seizing the iris. F., Midwifery, or Obstetric, a forceps for grasping the fetal head in difficult labor and by traction aiding its exit; there is a great number of varieties. F., FORCIBLE 490 FORNICATE Rat -toothed, a form of forceps used in the removal Simpson's Obstetric Forceps. With PouUet Tape-attachment for Axis-traction. of bullets, or other foreign bodies, from wounds. F., Spring, same as F., Catch. Forcible (^for'-sib-l) \_ fords, strong]. With force or power. F. Extension. See Extension. Forcipate, Forcipated {for'-sip-dt, -a-ted) [forceps, forceps]. In biology, forceps-like. Forcipressure (^for'-se-presh'-itr) [forceps, a pair of tongs ; pressura, a pressing] . The arrest of a minor hemorrhage by catching the end of the divided vessel with a pair of spring-forceps, the pressure being kept up for 24—36 hours. Fore (for) [ME., /o?-^, before]. Applied to the part that is in front or first. F.-arm, that part of the arm between the wrist and the elbow. F. -brain, the ante- rior of the encephalic vesicles into which the primary nervous axis of the embryo divides at an early stage ; at a later stage, the prosencephalon. F. -finger, the index finger. F.-foot, the foot of a fore-limb, F.-front, the forehead. F.-gut, the cavity in the raised ceph- alic end of the embryo, called also headgut. The rudimentary pharynx and duodenum, with the inter- mediate portions of the future alimentary canal, are included in the foregut. F.-head, that part of the face between the orbits of the eyes, the hair above, and the temples at the sides. F.-limb, the pectoral limb of an animal. F.-milk. I. The colostrum, q. V. 2. The first part of the milk taken from the teat at any one milking. It is less rich in butter than is the after-milk, or strippings. F.-skin, the prepuce, q. V, ; the term sometimes designates also the dewlap occasionally seen upon the throat of an aged person. F.-viraters, a name sometimes given to that portion of the amniotic sac and its contents in advance of the presenting part in labor. Foreign [for' -en) [ME., yo««, foreign]. Alien; ex- otic ; not native ; irrelevant. F. Body, a substance in a wound, organ, or cavity not normally present. Forensic [for-en' -sik) [forensis, belonging to the forum]. Pertaining to a court of law. In medicine, that part of the science connected with judicial in- quiry. Also, medical jurisprudence. Forest's Method. See Artificial Respiration. Forficate [for' -fk-dt) [forfex, scissors]. In biology, deeply-forked. Fork [WE., fork, a fork]. A name frequently given to the space between the thighs. Form [forma, shape]. The external shape or config- uration of the body, or of a part of a body. Formaldehyd [form-aV -de-hid) [formica, an ant, aldehyd~\. Formic aldehyd. See Aldehyd, Formic. Formalin [for' -mal-in) [formica, an ant], HCOH. A proprietary germicide composed of a 40 per cent, solution of formaldehyd. Unof. Formanilid [form--an' -il-id') [formica, an ant ; anilin\, C,H,NO. A substance obtained on digesting anilin with formic acid, or by rapidly heating anilin with oxalic acid. It consists of colorless prisms, readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, melting at 46° C. Formatio [for-ma'-she-o) [L.]. A formation. F. reticularis, the intercrossing of the fibers of the ante- rior columns in the medulla. YovrasAivs [form' -at-iv) [formare, to form]. Plastic; molding. F. Cell, a large spheric, refractive cell be- neath the hypoblast. Formic Acid [for'-mii). See Acid. Formicant [for' -mik-ant) [formicare, to crawl like an ant]. Creeping, or moving with a small and feeble ac- tion ; applied to the pulse when it is unequal and scarcely perceptible. Formication [for-mik-a' -shun) [formica, an ant]. A sensation like that produced by ants or other insects crawling upon the skin. F., Cocain, See Cocain- bug. FoTTaol [for'-mol) [formica, an a.nt],C'tI.fl. Aname given to formic aldehyd or formaldehyd. It is a powerful antiseptic, ranking as one of the best, but its microbicidal power in a given time is very feeble. Formula [form'-u-laK) [dim. ol forma, a form: pi., Formulce\. A prescribed method. In pharmacy, a list of the names and respective quantities of substances entering into a composition. In chemistry, a method of representing the gravimetric structure of a compound by symbols. F., Constitutional, or Rational, one that indicates only the union of individual atoms, such as are especially characteristic of the compound. F., Empiric. See F., Unitary. F., Graphic. Surne 2& F., Constitutional. P., Rational. Same as F. , Constitutional. F., Structural, one that indicates the complete grouping of all of the atoms, representing the whole chemic deportment of a given compound. F., Unitary, or Empiric, one that belongs to an entire series of bodies that are isomeric, yet wholly different, and that affords no hint as to the character of the com- pound. Formulary [for' -mu-la-re) [formula; dim. ol forma, form]. F., National, a collection of widely-used and well-known preparations, omitted from the U. S. Pharmacopeia, but collected and published by the American Pharmaceutic Association. Formyl [for' -mil) [formica, the ant; M;;, matter], CHO. The radicle of formic acid. Forne's Method. See Anesthetic. Forneaux Jordan's Operations. See Operations. Fornicate [for' -nik-at) [fornix, an arch]. In biology, bearing fornices ; overarched. To commit fornica- tion. FORNICATION 491 FOUR Fornication [for-nik-a'-shun) [fornicari, to forni- cate]. The illicit sexual intercourse of an unmarried person of either sex with another, whether married or not. Fornicolumn [for' -n^fkol-uni) [fornix, an arch ; col- umna, a column] . The anterior pillar of the fornix, one in 'each hemicerebrum. It is a bundle of fibers ascending from the albicans and thalamus, passing just caudadof the precommissure, forming the cephalic boundary of the porta, and ending in the temporal lobe. Fornicommissure (Jor-ne-kom' -is-shur) [fornix, an arch; commissura, a commissure]. A lamina of greater or less thickness uniting the two hemifornices of the brain. It is not a true commissure, nor even fibrous in structure. Fornicrista [for-ne-kris'-tah ). See Crista. Fornix (for'-niks) [fornix, an arch], i. An arched portion of the brain composed of the two hippocamps and their respective fimbrias, united across the meson by a thin lamina, the forni commissure. 2. In biol- ogy, a vaulted or arched arrangement or appendage, as, for example, the scales in the throat of some corollas, or the hollow beneath the umbo of a bi- valve shell. F. descendens. See Bundle of Vicq d'Azyr. Forster's Method. See Cataract, Artificial Matura- tion of. F.'s, Operation. See Operations, Table of. Fortification Spectrum [for-tif-ik-a' -shun spek' -trum). Teichopsia; the appearance of a peculiar subjective visual sensation in migraine. The luminous shape of its outer edge assumes a zigzag form, with angles like those of a fortification. Fosforus [fos'-for-us). A commendable orthography for phosphorus. It has been recommended for adop- tion by recent spelling-reformers. Fossa \fos'-ah) [fossa, a. iitch : pi., Fossa]. A de- pression, furrow, or sinus. F., Canine, the depression on the external surface of the superior maxillary bone, giving rise to the origin of the levator anguli oris and compressor nasi muscles. F., Condyloid, a fossa behind each condyle of the occipital bone. F. coro- naris, the boundary between the disc and corona, in Meditsce. F., Cranial, any fossa of the skull. F., Digastric, a deep groove on the inner aspect of the mastoid process for the attachment of the digastric muscle. F., Digital, a deep depression at the base of the inner surface of the great trochanter of the femur. F., Glenoid, the fossa in the temporal bone that receives the condyle of the lower jaw. F., Hyaloid, a depres- sion in the anterior surface of the vitreous body for the crystalline lens. F., Hyoid, a small cavity external to the ary-epiglottic fold on either side of the larynx. It is also called the Sinus pyriformis. F., Iliac, the smooth internal surface of the ilium. F., Incisive, a depression in the superior maxillary bone just above the incisor teeth. F., Infraclavicular. See F., Mohrenkeim' s. F. innominata. Same as F. sca- phoidea. F., Jugular, a deep excavation in the pe- trous portion of the temporal bone, forming part of the posterior lacerated foramen. F. lachrymalis, the de- pression in the frontal bone for the reception of the lachrymal gland. F., Lenticular. Same as F., Hyaloid. ¥., Mohrenheim's, the infraclavicular fossa ; a triangular depression beneath the clavicle. F., Myrtiform. Same as F,, Incisive. F., Nasal, the nostrils. See Nasal Fossa. F. navicularis, Morgagni's fossa, a fossa within the penis, formed by a dilatation in the spongy jportion of the urethral pas- sage. F., Occipital, a fossa behind the condyle of the occipital bone. F., Olfactory, the fossa in the fetus that develops into the nasal fossa. F. ovalis, an oval depression in the right auricle of the heart. F., Palatine, the anterior palatine canal passing through the palatine process of the superior maxillary bone. It branches into four compartments, the foramina of Sten- sen, and the foramina of Scarpa. F. patellaris, a de- pression on the anterior aspect of the vitreous humor in which rests the posterior surface of the lens. F;, Pituitary, a depression below the olivary process of the sphenoid bone lodging the pituitary body. F., Prepontile, the anterior foramen caecum. See Fora- mina, Table of F., Pterygoid, the notch separating the external and internal plates of the pterygoid pro- cess of the sphenoid. F. of Rosenmiiller, a depres- sion on the posterior wall of the naso-pharynx immedi- ately behind the Eustachian orifice. F. scaphoidea, the curved depression between the helix and antihelix of the external ear. F. sigmoidea, a deep groove on the internal surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone into which the mastoid foramen opens. F., Sphe- no-maxillary, a triangular space at the angle of the spheno-maxillary and pterygo-maxillary fissures. F. , Sublingual, a depression on the internal surface of the inferior maxillary bone, for containing the sublingual gland. F., Submaxillary, the oblong depression on the internal surface of the inferior maxillary bone, which contains the submaxillary gland. F., Sub- scapular, a broad cavity on the internal surface of the scapula. F. , Temporal, the fossa on either side of the head filled by the temporal muscle. ' It is formed by parts of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, and malar bones. F., Trochanteric. Same as F., Digital. F., Zygomatic, a cavity below and on the inner side of the zygoma. Fosset, or Fossette {fos-et') [Fr.]. A dimple or small depression. Fossilin (fos' -il-in) [fossilis, dug up]. A trade-name for a product resembling vaselin. Fossula [fos'-su-lah) [dim. of fossa, a ditch : pi., Fos- . sula]. I. In biology, a small fossa. 2. Any one of the numerous slight depressions on the surface of the cerebrum. F. olfactoriae, the olfactory depressions of acraspede medusae. FothergiU's Disease, or Faceache. See Diseases, Table of. F.'s Sore-throat, a synonym of the angi' noid variety of scarlet fever [Scarlatina anginosa) . Foubert's Test. See Death. Foudroyancy [foo-droi' -an-se) [Fr.]. The property of being foudroyant. Foudroyant [foo-droi' -ant') [Fr.]. Sudden and over- whelming ; fulminant ; fulgurant. Foul [fowl) [ME., foul, foul]. Filthy; offensive; dis- gusting. F.-in-the-foot. See F.-rot. F.-rot, an inflammatory disease of the hoofs of cattle ; it is at- tended with suppuration. Fo\ila.ge [foo-lahzh') [Fr., " fulling, or pressing"]. In massage, a form of manipulation of the tissues. See Fulling. Foulbrood [fowl' -brood). A contagious zymotic dis- ease of the honey-bee and its larva, due to the presence of the Bacillus alvei. See Bacteria, Syno- nymatic. Table of. FouUioy's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Founder [fown'-der) [fundere, to pour]. Laminitis [q. V.) of the horse's fore-feet, with the accompanying disorders of related parts. F., Chest, founder in a horse, marked or accompanied by atrophy of the chest- muscles. Foundling [found' -ling) [Ger. , funden, found] . An abandoned infant. Yoxa [for) \WE.,feowur, {ov.r\. Twice two. F.-drug Ointment. See Basilicon Ointment. F. Masters, Suture of the. See Suture. F. -tailed Bandage. See FOURCHET 492 FRAMBESIOID Fourchet, or Fourcliette (^foor-shef) [Fr., a fork]. I. A fold of mucous membrane at the posterior junc- tion of the labia majora. 2. A forked instrument used in division of the frenum linguae. Fournier's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Fovea [fo-ve'-ah) [fovea, u. small pit]. Applied to many depressions in the body or its organs, but more particularly to the fovea centralis retina, z. little pit in the macula lutea opposite the visual axis, the spot of distinctest vision, where the retinal cones are massed together and the rods and some other parts are absent. It is opposite the center of the cornea. F. hemiellip- tica, recessus ellipticus ; sinus semiovalis ; a small fossa on the inner wall of the labyrinth, between the fovea hemispherica and the orifices of the semicircular canals. F. hemispherica, recessus sphericus; a depression in the forepart of the inner wall of the labyrinth. Foveate- (/o'-w-o/) \_fovea, a small pit]. In biology, deeply pitted. Foveola (fo-ve' -o-lah) [dim. of fovea, a small pit]. I. A small pit or depression. 2. The depression at the summit of each papilla of the kidney. F. coccygea, a slight depression — a congenital defect — a little above the anus and at the apex of the coccyx. It is due to imperfect development. F. inguinalis, a some- what funnel-shaped depression in the external in- guinal fossa. It is open in fetal life, and is the ab- dominal end of the inguinal canal, through which the testis descended. F. radialis. See Anatomist's Snuffbox. Fovilla (fo-vil' -ah) \fovere, to warm, to cherish : pi. , Fovillee]. In biology, the protoplasmic contents of a pollen-grain. Fowler's Method. A method of estimating the amount of urea in the urine. It consists in mixing one volume of the urine with seven volumes of liquor sodse chlo- ratae (U. S. P.) and comparing the specific gravity before and after effervescence. 5&e Urea. F.'s Solu- tion. See Arsenic. Fox's Apparatus. An apparatus for treating fracture of the clavicle. It consists of a pad in the axilla with a suspensory apparatus from the opposite shoulder. Fox-glove [foks'-gluv). See Digitalis. Foxination l^foks-in-a' -shun). See Hypnotism, Fractional [frak'-shun-ai) [fractio, a breaking]. Per- taining to fractions. F. Cultivation, the isolation of one variety of microorganism from a mixture of several, in order to study or cultivate it. This is done by at- tenuation of the medium so that a drop will probably contain but one organism. Distilled water was first used as the attenuating medium, but gelatinized media are now used. Brefeld and Nigeli suggested the procedure, and Lister isolated the first microbe, the Bacillus lacticus al Cohn. F. Distillation. See Dis- tillation. Fractionation (frak-shun-a' -shun) \_fractio, a break- ing]. Chemic separation by successive operations. Fractura (frak tur'-ak) [L.]. A fracture. F. dentis, fracture of a tooth. Fracture {frak'-tilr) \_ fractura ; frangere, to break]. The breaking of a bone, either by external force, or by the action of the muscles of the body. Applied also to the breaking of a cartilage. F., Barton's, an oblique fracture of the lower end of the radius, begin- ning on the articulating surface. F.-bed, a doubly- inclined plane used in the treatment of fractures of the hip. F.-box, a long box with no ends or cover, used in the immobilization of fractured bones. F., Capillary, consisting of only a fine crack or fissure. F., Commi- nuted, with shattering of the bone, F., CoUes', one of the lower end of the radius with displacement back- ward. F., Complete, entirely through the bone. F., Comminuted Fracture of Clavicle. (Moullin.) Complicated, with injury of adjacent parts. F., Compound, with a communicating wound of the skin. F., Depressed, with depression of the fractured part below the normal level, as in fracture of the skull. F., Double, one bone is fractured in two places. F., Dupuytren's, fracture of the fibula, with retraction and displacement outward, and with laceration of the ligaments of the foot. F., Epiphyseal, with separa- tion of the epiphysis of a bone. F., Greenstick, one Greenstick Fracture of the Radius. (Moullin.) side of the bone is broken, the other bent. F. , Im- pacted, with forcible compression of the fragments into each other. F., Moore's, fracture of the lower end of the radius, with laceration of the internal lateral ligament and detachment of the triangular interarticu- lar cartilage, which allows of the dislocation of the head of the ulna and the imprisonment of the styloid process under the annular ligaments. F., Pott's, same as F., Dupuytren's, but without laceration of the in- ferior tibio-fibular ligaments. F., Shepherd's, a frac- ture of the astragalus, the outer projecting edge being detached. F., Simple, without rupture of the over- lying skin or mucous membrane. F., Smith's, frac- ture of the lower end of the radius, from a quarter of an inch to an inch from the articular surface. F., Spontaneous, with but a slight force to cause it, as when there is disease of the bone. Fraenulum {fren'-u-lum). See Frenulum. Fiasimm (fre'-mim). See Frenum. Fragilitas (^fraj-il' -it-as) [L.]. Brittleness. In phy- siology, a want of flexile strength. F. crinium, an , atrophic condition of the hair in which the individual hairs split into numerous fibrillae, the cleavage in many cases being recognizable as far as to the roots, the fibrils often curling in several turns away from the axis of the shaft. F. ossium, abnormal brittleness of the bones. Fragmentation [frag-men-ta'-shun) \_fragmentum, a piece] . The subdivision into fragments ; the separa- tion of certain forms of bacilli, or other microorgan- isms, into joints which become new individuals ; the division or segmentation of a cell. F. of Calculi, Spontaneous, the exfoliation and breaking up of a calculus by the action of the uric acid or other morbid products in the bladder. Frambesia [fram-be'-ze-ah) \_frambcesia, raspberry]. Yaws ; Pian ; Amboyna Button j Parangi ; Coco ; Endemic Verrugas. A tropical contagious disease of the skin, of long duration, characterized by dirty or bright-red raspberry-like tubercles, appearing usually on the face, toes, and genital organs. It is most fre- quent in young colored people. Frambesial [fram-be' -ze-al) [frambcesia, a raspberry]. Resembling, or pertaining to frambesia. Frambesioid [f ram-be' -ze-oid )\_frambcesia, a raspberry; eirfof, likeness]. Resembling frambesia, or one of its tubercles. FRANCHIMONT'S TEST 493 FRENCH Franchimont's Test. See Tests, Table of. Francis' Test. See Tests, Table of. Franciscea (Jt-an-sis'-e-aK). SeeManaca. Franck's Pill. A purgative pill containing aloes 4, rhubarb 2, syrup of absinthe, 'g. j. Franco's Operations. See Operations, Table of. Frangible [fran' -jib-l) [frangere, to break]. Liable to fracture ; breakable. Frangula {frang'-gu-lah) [origin uncertain] . The bark (one year old) of Jihamnus frangula, or alder buck- thorn. The fresh bark is a violent irritant ; the old bark is a non-irritant purgative much used in the constipation of pregnancy. Ext. Rhamni Frang. (B. P.). Dose gr. XV- Jj. F., Ext., Fid. Dose gss-ij. Ext. Rham. Frang. Liq. (B. P.). Dose 3J-iv. Frangulin [frang' -gu-lin) [origin uncertain], C^jHjjOjq. Rhamnoxanthin ; a lemon-yellow, crystalline, odor- less, and tasteless glucosid found in Buckthorn. Frank [ME., frank, open]. Of a benign or favorable tendency ; as a frank inflammation ; sometimes also applied to remedies, in a similar sense. Frank's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Frankel's Apparatus. A pneumatic apparatus. F.'s Pneumobacillus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table. Frankenhauser, Ganglion of. See Ganglia, Table of. F.'s Micrococcus. The micrococcus of perni- cious anemia. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Frankenia [frang-ke'-ne-ah) [after Johann Franke']. A genus of heath-like herbs and undershrubs. F. grandiflora, of California, called Verba rheuma, is astringent, and is a popular remedy for nasal, urethral and vaginal catarrhs. F. portulacifolia, of St. Helena, has been used as a substitute for tea. Other species of the genus are aromatic and stimulant. Unof. Frankfort Black. See Pigments, Conspectus of F. Plane. See Plane. Frankincense [frangk' -in-sens) \_francum incensum, pure incense]. A name given to a variety of resinous aromatic substances, especially the exudation of Abies excelsa; the term wras originally, and properly, the same as olibanum. It is the concrete turpentine scraped off the trunks of Pinus australis and P. tada. It is used externally as a slight stimulant and is con- tained in Emplastrum picis (B. P.). Frankland's Artificial Human Milk. A nutritious preparation made from cow's milk as follows : — Allow ^ of a pint of new milk to stand 12 hours; remove the cream, and mix it with ^ of a pint of perfectly fresh cow's milk. Take the milk from which the cream was removed, and put into it a piece of rennet about an inch square (fluid rennet may be employed). Keep the vessel containing it in a warm place, until the milk is fully curdled, an operation requiring from S to 15 minutes according to the activity of the rennet. Break up the curd repeatedly, and carefully separate the whole of the whey, which should then be rap- idly heated to boiling in a small tin-pan placed over a spirit-lamp or gas-lamp. During the heating a further quantity of casein, technically called " fleetings," sepa- rates, and must be removed by straining through clean muslin. Now dissolve iiograins of powdered sugar of , milk in the hot whey, and mix it with J^ of a pint of new milk to which the cream from the other fluid has already been added. The artificial milk should be used within 12 hours of its preparation. F.'s Method, a method of estimating the quantity of organic matter present in water. The organic carbon is oxidized and obtained as CO,, and the organic nitrogen is liberated in the free gaseous state and measured. Franklin {frangk' -lin) [from Benjamin Franklin^. A unit of static or frictional electricity. F. Spectacles. See Bifocal. Franklinic (Jrangk-lin'-ik) [from B. Franklin']. Fric- tional. F. Electricity, static or frictional electricity. Ytaa\i]itasta[frangk'-lin-izm). Same as Frankliniza- tion. Franklinization [frangk-lin-iz-a' -shun) [after B. Franklin]. The therapeutic use of frictional or static electricity. Frasera {jra'-zer-ah). See American Columbo. Fraserin [fra' -zer-in) [after John Fraser, an English botanist]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Frasera carolinensis ; it is atonic, stimulant, and mildly astringent. Dose i to 3 grains. Unof. Fraunhofer's Lines. See Absorption, and LinesTable. Fraxin [fraks'-in) [fraxinus, an ash-tree], CjjHj^Ois- A glucosid from the bark of certain species of ash (Fraxinus excelsior, etc.). It forms fine, white, four- sided prisms, of a bitter taste. It has been proposed as a remedy for gout, rheumatism, etc. Fraxinus {fraks-in' -us) [L., " ash-tree. "]. A genus of trees, order Oleacea, to which the various species of the ash belong. F. americana, is useful in dys- menorrhea. A wine ( Vinuni fraxini americana, N. F.) is prepared from its inner bark. Dose, one fluidrachm. F. excelsior, of Europe, affords a medici- nal bark, its leaves, and wood formerly being official. Chinese wax is collected from the branches of F. chinensis ; and manna from F. ornus andF. rotun- difolia. Freak {frik) \W£,.,freke, bold]. A popular name for a deformed person. Freckles {frek'-lz). See Lentigo and Ephelides. Freestone-hewers' Lung. Synonym of Pneumonp- koniosis. Freezing {frSz'-ing) \W&., freesen, to freeze]. The congelation of liquids, especially of water. F.-fluids, liquid preparations, with boric acid, syrupy or gummy in consistence, in which tissue-specimens are immersed prior to freezing and section-cutting. F. -machine, an apparatus for producing intense cold by the evapo- ration of condensed gases. F.-microtome, a micro- tome attached to a contrivance for freezing artificially the tissue to be sectionized. It is used with very soft tissues. F. -mixture^, a mixture of salts which absorb heat in undergoing solution. F. -point, the tempera- ture at which a liquid freezes. Freire, Micrococcus of. See Bacteria, Table of. Fremitus {fretiif -it-us) [L. , a murmur]. A tremor caused by the sympathetic vibration of some part or organ of the body in consonance with some other vibrating body. Also, a murmuring. F., Friction, the vibrations produced by the rubbing together of two dry surfaces of the pleura, and felt by the hand. It is met with frequently in dry pleurisy. F., Rhonchal, vibrations produced by the passage of air through a large bronchial tube con- taining mucus. It is most often felt in bronchitis. F., Tactile, the vibratory sensation conveyed to the hand applied to the chest of a speaking person. F., Tussive, the thrill felt when the hand is placed upon the chest while the patient coughs. F., Vocal. See Vocal. Fremontia (fre-mon'-she-ah) [after John C. Fremont, an American explorer]. A genus of malvaceous shrubs. F. californica, Californian slippery elm, is not related botanically to the true elms, but its bark is used in the same way as that of the slippery elm. French \_Francus, a Frank]. Pertaining to France. F. Blue. See Artificial Ultramarine under Pigments, Conspectus of. F. Crust, or F. Distemper. Synonym of Svphilis. F. Green. Same as Schweinfurt Green. F. Measles. Synonym of Potheln, q. v. F. Method, the manual method of instruction of deaf-mutes. F. Mulberry. See Callicarpa. F. Pox. Synonym of FRENETIC 494 FRONDOSE Syphilis. F. Purple. Same as Archil. See Pig- ments, Conspectus of. F. Red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. F. Spirit, Brandy. F. White. Same as White Lead. Frenetic {fren-et'-ik) \Yx . , frinttique'\. Relating to mental disorder. 'Pte.vio-^t^cxiXory{^fre'-no-se-kre'-tor-e^ [frenum, bridle ; secretio, a separation]. Exercising a restraining or inhibitory power over the secretions. Frenulum {Jren' -u-luni) [dim., of frenum,& bridle: pi. , Prenula]. A small or minute frenum. The name given to the cephalic portion of the valvula of the mesencephal. In biology, a strong elastic bristle on the upper edge and near the base of the secondary wing of butterflies and moths, which folds the secon- daries when at rest ; it serves to lock the wings together. Frenum (^fre'-nuni) [L. , a curb]. A ligament, fold of integument, or other part, that checks or limits the movements of any organ. F. dentis, the socket of a tooth. F. labiorum, the fourchet or lower com- missure of the labia pudendi. F. linguae, the bridle of the tongue. F., Macdowel's, the accessory fibers strengthening anteriorly the intermuscular septum of the deep fascia of the arm attached to the great pec- toral tendon. F. of Penis, the fold on the lower sur- face of the glans penis connecting it with the prepuce. Frenzy i^fren'-ze) \_(ppiv7)aic ; (ppi/v, brain; mind]. Ex- treme and violent mania. F., Transitory, a condi- tion of impaired consciousness characterized by either an intense maniacal frenzy or a confused hallucinatory delirium, the duration of which does not exceed the period of a day or two. Frere C6me, Arsenical Paste of. Arsenious acid and animal charcoal, each one part ; mercuric sul- phid, four parts ; to be used only over a small area at a time. F. C.'s Operation. See Operations Table. Fresco Colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs, Fret \yiiYi,,freten,X.o eat up]. An aljrasion; a chaf- ing ; herpes ; tetter. Fretting (fret'-ing) [ME., freten, to eat up]. A chaf- ing. Synonym of Tormina. Fretum [fre'-tum) [L. , a strait] . A constriction. F. of Haller, in the fetal heart, the constriction between the auricles and the ventricles. Freund's Operations. See Operations, Table of. F.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. Frey's White Mass. A substance for injecting tissues. Precipitate from 125 to 185 c. c. of a cold, saturated, aqueous solution of barium chlorid by adding HjSO^, drop by drop. Allow the precipitate to settle for 24 hours, and decant the clear fluid. The remaining mu- cilaginous mass is mixed with an equal volume of strong gelatin solution. Friable (fri'-ab-l) \_friare, to rub]. Easily broken or crumbled. Friar's Balsam [fri'-arz bal'-sam). A name given to the Balsamum traumaticum, N. F. , and also to the very similar Tinctura benzoini composita, U. S. P. See Benzoin, and Wade's Balsam. Fricke's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Friction (frik'-shun) [frictio ; fricare,{.o rub]. I. The act of rubbing. The process, in medicine, called shampooing. Also the inunction of a medicinal sub- stance by rubbing. 2. In massage, firm circular manipulations, always followed by centripetal strok- ings. Friction maybe practised with the thumb, with the tips of the fingers, or with one hand. F. -fremitus. See Fremitus. F. -sound, the sound observed in auscultation, as a result of the rubbing together of ad- jacent parts, as of the pleural folds, the pericardium, or the peritoneum. Friedlander, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. F.'s Hematoxylon Solution. See Stains, Table of. F.'s Method, a method of staining Pneu- monia-cocci. See Stains, Table of. F., Microbe of. See Bacteria, SynonyMatic Table of. Friedreich's Ataxia or Disease. Hereditary Ataxia, or Hereditary Ataxic Paraplegia, or Postero-lateral Sclerosis, depending on combined posterior and lateral sclerosis of the cord, and differing from tabes and ataxic paraplegia in the early age of its appearance, its hereditary nature, and some other features. Also applied to Paramyoclonus multiplex. See Diseases, Table of. F.'s Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Fright {frit) \yii'K.,frizt, fright]. Sudden and extreme fear. F. -neuroses, Page's term for certain neuromi- metic disorders following injury. This class of cases is generally considered under the name of " trau- matic hysteria." Fright-neuroses are frequently en- countered in males as the result of railway injuries. Frigorific [frig-or-if'-ik ) \_frigus, cold ; facere, to make], i. Producing extreme cold. 2. That which produces extreme cold. F. Mixture, Amott's Mix- ture ; a mixture used as a local anesthetic. It con- sists of two parts of ice, and one of salt. These are pulverized separately in a canvas or linen bag, and then thoroughly mixed and surrounded by a piece of gauze. As soon as the mixture begins to melt it should be placed over the part to be anesthetized. Fringe {frinj) [ME., fringe, a fringe]. See Pimbria. F.-tree, the bark of the root of Chionanthus virginica, a mild diuretic, aperient, and reputed alterative. Dose of the fld. ext. 3 ss-j. Unof. See Chionanthus. Frog [ME., frogge,.a. frog], i. An amphibian of the family Ranidce. 2. In farriery, an elastic, horny substance that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse's foot, dividing it into two branches, and run- ning toward the heel in the form of a fork. 3. A popular name for Ranula, q. v. It is also called Frog-tongue. F., Cohnheim's. See Cohnheim. F.- face, a facial deformity due to the growth of polypi or other tumors in the nasal cavities. A temporary condition of this kind may be due to orbital cellulitis or facial erysipelas. F.-gait, a peculiar hopping progression due to contractions of the flexors and ad- ductors of the thighs, and to paralysis of the adductors. It is one of the results of infantile diplegia. F.- headed, the appellation given to anencephalic mon- sters, from their peculiar contour, which is due to the imperfect development of the orbits and the consequent apparent prominence of the eyes. F.-spawn Mat- ter. %ee Boiled-sago Matter . F. -tongue. See Frog. Froissement {frwas-monig)) [Fr., bruising]. In mas- sage, » form of " rough attachement," of the skin and superficial tissues. See Attachement. Fr61ement {frol-monig)) [Fr.]. A brushing; in mas- sage, a succession of slow, backward-and-forward movements, as from a center to a periphery, and the reverse. It is done with the palmar surface of the fingers, or with the roulet. Fromage de Brie [fro-mahzh du{r)-bre). See Cheeset Frohmann's Lines. See Line. Frond [frond) \_frons, a leafy branch]. In biology, a leaf-like expansion of certain invertebrates, espec- ially such as resemble plants. A thallus, or organ in which the functions of leaf and stem are not fully differentiated. Frondescence [fron-des' -ens) [frondescere, to put forth leaves]. In biology, the state of bursting into leaf. Cf. Foliation, and Phyllody. Frondose [fron'-dos) [frondosus, leafy]. In biology, FRONS 495 FULGURANT having thin, expanded parts. Thalloid, or like a thallus. Frons [fronz) [L. : gen., Frontis\. The forehead. Front ^fruni) \_ frons, the forehead]. The forehead. F. Combination. See Combination. F.-tap Con- traction of Gowers. See Contraction, and Reflexes, Table of. Frontad [frun'-tad) \_ frons, the forehead; ad, to]. Towards the frontal aspect. Frontadiform [frun-tad'-iform) [frons, front ; forma, form]. In biology, having the body extended in the direction of the forehead. Frontal [frunf-al) [frontalis, of the forehead]. I. Pertaining to the anterior part or aspect of an organ or body. 2. More often, belonging to the frons or forehead. F. Bone, the anterior bone of the skull and superior bone of the face. F. Crest. See Crest. F. Eminence. See Eminence. F. Lobe. See Lobe. F. Section. See Section. F. Sinuses, the cavities, one over each orbit, of the frontal bone. F. Trian- gle. See Triangles, Table of. Frontalis Muscle [fron-ta'-lis) [frontalis, of the forehead]. The frontal portion of the occipito-frontal muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Fronten [frun'-ten] [frons, the forehead]. Belong- ing to the frontal bone in itself. Frontlet [frunt'-let) [frons, the forehead] . In biology, applied to the forehead of a bird when distinguished by some peculiarity. Fronto- [frun'-to-) [frons, the forehead]. A prefix de- noting -anterior position ; or, more often, expressing a relation with the frons, or forehead. F. -alveolar, relating to the frontal and alveolar regions. F.- ethmoid, relating to the frontal and ethmoid bones. F.-occipital, refeting to both forehead and occiput. F.-triangle. See Triangle. F.-orbital, relating to forehead and orbit. Frontodymia [frun-to-dim' -e-ak). Same as Cephalo- pagus and Cepkalodymia. Frost [old '£)?ca&\x,froste, frost] . In farriery, to sharpen the front and hind parts of a horse's shoes. F.-bite, injury to the skin or a part from extreme cold, result- ing in inflammation and gangrene ; pagoplexia. F.- itch, a name for Prurigo hiemalis. F.-wort. See Heliantkemuni. Frosted Feet {fros'-tedfet). See Chilblain. Froth \WE.,frothe, froth]. Foam, as from the mouth. F., Bronchial, that coming from the bronchial tubes, as in asthma. Frottage {frot-aMh') [Fr.]. A form of sexual perver- sion in which the orgasm is induced by simply rubbing against or toying with the clothing of women. An individual so afflicted is called afrotteur. Frotteur [fro-tair') [Fr.]. See Frottage. Frown [ME., frownen, to scowl]. To scowl. A wrinkling of the brow. Frozen Attitude {fro'-zen at'-it-Ud). See Attitude. Fructiculose [fruk-tik' -u-los) [fructiculus , dim. of fructus, fruit]. In biology, bearing much fruit. Fructification (fruk-tif-tk-a'-shun) [fructificare, to bear fruit]. In biology, fecundation, fertilization, impregnation ; the act of forming, or the production of fruit, of whatever sort. Fructose {fruk'-tos) [fructus, fruit], CjH^Og. Fruit- sugar, formerly called levulose ; it is found in almost all sweet fruits. It is formed, together with grape-sugar, in the so-called inversion, or decomposition of cane-sugar, byboiling with acids or by the action of ferments. The mixture of the two is called invert-sugar. Fruit-sugar forms a thick syrup, which at ioo° C. dries to a gummy, deliquescent mass. It may be crystallized in fine, silky needles, fusing at 95° C. It is more slowly fermented by yeast than grape-sugar. It reduces an alkaline copper-solution in the same proportion as the latter. See also Carbohydrates, Table of. Fruehjahrkatarrh [Ger.]. See Ophthalmia, Spring. Frugivorous ifru-jiv' -or-us) [ frux, fruit ; vorare, to devour]. Fruit-eating. Fruhlingskatarrh (fre' -lings-kat-ar) [Ger.]. See Vernal Conjunctivitis s.n& Ophthalmia, Spring. Fruit [froot) [fructtes, fruit]. The developed ovary of a plant, and especially the succulent, fleshy parts gathered about the same. Also applied to the offspring of animals. F. -sugar. See Sugar and Fructose. F.-dots. See Sorus. Frumentaceous [fru-men-ta'-she-us) [frumentum, grain]. Belonging to or resembling grain. Frumentum [fru-men' -turn) [L.]. Wheat or other grain. Spiritus frumenti, whisky. See Spiritus. Frutescent {fru-tes' -ent) [frutex, a shrub]. In biology, somewhat shrubby. Frutex [fru'-teks) [L. a shrub, a bush: //. Frutices"]. In biology, a shrub ; a woody, perennial plant, gener- ally having several stems and not exceeding twenty feet in height. Fruticose, or Fniticous [fru'-tik-os, or -us) [frutex, a shrub]. Shrubby. Fruticulose i^fru-tik' -u-los) [fruticulus, dim. of fru- tex, a shrub]. In biology, resembling a small shrub. Fryer's Apparatus. A transfusion apparatus made of a single piece of rubber with two bulbs. F.'s Oper- ation. See Operations, Table of . Fuchsin (fook'-siri) [after Leonhard i^«f/5j], CjdHjgNj.- HCl. Rosein, Magenta, Eosin, Anilin-red. The hydrochlorid of rosanilin, a lustrous, green, crystalline salt imparting an intense red to solutions. In large doses it produces violent emesis and purging. In- jected into a vein it causes staggering and trembling. It is said to be efficient in reducing albuminuria. Dose gi. yi-iv. See Figments , Conspectus of . F. -bodies, the name given by Russel to certain bodies found in car- cinomata to which he attributes the causation of the growths ; he refers them to the sprouting fungi. Other observers find similar bodies which they hold to be coccidia, while others consider them as crystals of safranin or other pigments used in the preparation. Fuchsinophile {fook-sin' -o-fil) [fuchsin ; ipiMeiv, to love]. Readily stained by fuchsin. Fuciphagous {fu-sif -ag-us). Same as Fucivorous. Fucivorous [fu-siv' -or-us) [fucus, a seaweed ; vorare, to devour]. In biology, applied to such animals as the dugong, certain marine turtles, etc., that feed on sea-weeds. Fucus [fu'-hus) [^iJKOf, seaweed]. A genus of marine alg3e,the rock- weeds. F.vesiculosus, bladder- wrack, sea- wrack ; a marine alga abundant on the seashore ; it is used as an alterative and tonic. It is employed in goiter and glandular enlargements, but mainly as an empiric remedy for the absorption of fatty tissue in obesity. An extract for such purpose is sold under the name of anti-fat. Dose of the solid extract, gr. x ; of the fluid extract, 3J-ij. Unof. Fuel [fu'-el) [ME., /;/, full]. I. Replete; filled. 2. Intoxi- cated. 3. Entire. F. Bath. See Bath. Fullers' Earth [ful'-erz urth). A siliceous non-fictile clay, used in the fulling of cloth, on account of its soapy quality ; it was formerly used as an absorbent, like bole. Fuller's Lotion. A lotion for rheumatic joints, com- posed of carbonate of soda, 6 drams ; laudanum, i ounce ; glycerin, 2 ounces, and water, 9 ounces. Saturate hot cloths with this and apply. F.'s Pill, a purgative pill, containing aloes, senna, asafetida, gal- banum, myrrh, sulphate of iron, saffron, mace, oil of amber, honey, and alcohol. Fulling [ful'-ing] [WE., fiilfynge, fulling]. In mas- sage, a valuable method of kneading, named from the motion used by fullers in rubbing linen between their hands. It consists in holding the limb between the palms of both hands, with the fingers fully extended, and making a rapid to-and-fro movement with each, the result being that the limb is rolled back and forth between the hands. Fulmar Oil (ful'-mar) [ME., fulmar}. Oil cast up from the stomach of the fulmar [Frocellaria glacialis) , a sea bird of the N. Atlantic. It has the general qualities of cod-liver oil. Fulminant, or Fulminating [ful'-min-ant, or ful'- min-a-ting) [/u/minare, to \ighten]. Sudden, severe, and rapid in course ; as fulminant glaucoma. Same as Foudroyant, q. v. Fulminate [ful'-min-St) [fu/men, lightning]. A com- pound of fulminic acid with a base, usually silver, gold, or mercury, characterized by highly explosive qualities. Fulminating l^ful'-min-a-ting). See Fulminant. Fulvous {ful'-vus) \_fulvus, deep-yellow, tawny, flame- colored]. Having a tawny-yellow color. Fumaria i^fu-nia' -re-aJi\. See Fumitory. Fumarin \fu' -mar-in) yfumus, smoke]. An alkaloid from Fumaria officinalis ; recommended as strongly antipyretic. Unof Fumigation [fu-mig-a' -shun) \_fumigare , to smoke]. Disinfection by exposure to the fumes of a vaporized disinfectant. 'P\i.raAoTy{fu'-mit-or-e) [fumus, smoke; terra, earth]. The plants Fumaria officinalis, and F. bulbosa, herbs native to Europe : formerly esteemed as polychrest remedies, but now neglected ; they are actively deob- struent and antifebrile. Unof. Fumous (fu'-mus) [fumus, smoke]. In biology, smoke-colored ; fuliginous. Fumus {fu'-mus) [L.]. Smoke. F. terre, old name for Fumitory. Function {fungk' -shun) [fungi, to perform]. The normal or special action of a tissue, organ, or part of the body. 'F\iTic\.\ona\{fungk'-shun-al) [^wk^z, to perform]. Per- taining to the special action of an organ, whether physiologic or pathologic. F. Disease, one without appreciable organic alterations. F. Spasm, a term applied to any of the so-called Fatigue-diseases. Functionalization {funk-shun-al-ig-a' -shuti) [functio, a function]. Restoration of a lost or diseased func- tion. Fundal (fun'-dal) [fundus, the bottom]. Relating to a fundus. Fundament [fun'-dam-ent ) [fundamentum : fundus, bottom]. I. The foundation or base of a thing. 2. In embryology, the rudiment. 3. The anus. Fundamental {fun-dam-ent'-al) [fundamentum : fundus, bottom]. Pertaining to the foundation. F. Tissue, in biology, unspecialized parenchyma ; those tissues of a plant through which the fibro-vascular bun- dles are distributed. Fundus {fun'-dus) [fundus, the bottom]. The base of an organ. F. Glands, microscopic tubular glands of the cardiac portion of the gastric mucous mem- brane. F. oculi, the posterior and interior portion of the eye seen by the ophthalmoscope, comprising chiefly the retina, papilla, retinal vessels, etc. F. uteri, the part of the womb remotest from the cervix, and situated cephalad from the outlets of the oviducts. F. vesicae, the basis, floor, or has fond of the urinary bladder. Fungate {fung'-gat) [fungus, a toadstool]. To grow up with a fungous form or appearance. Also to grow rapidly like a fungus (applied to certain pathologic growths). Fungi {fun'-ji). See Fungus. Fungicide (fun' -jis-ld) [/«k^«j, a toadstool ; coedere, to kill]. I. Destructive to fungi; bactericide. 2. An agent that destroys fungi or bacteria. Fungiform {ftin' -jif-orm) [fungus, a mushroom ; forma, form] . Having the form of a mushroom. F. Papillae, elevations upon the middle and back part of the tongue. Fungin {fun'-jin) [fungus, a toadstool]. A peculiar principle found in most of the fungi. It is a whitish, soft, insipid, fleshy substance, insoluble in water, alco- hol, ether, or weak HjSOj, soluble in heated hydro- chloric acid. Fungoid (fung'-goid) [fungus, a toadstool; eldof, likeness] . Resembling a fungus ; fungous. Fungosity [fung-gos' -it-e) [fungus, a toadstool]. A fungous growth ; the quality of being fungous. Fungous (fung'-gus) [fungus, a toadstool]. Having the appearance or qualities of a fungus ; excrescent, soft and swiftly-growing. F. Endometritis. See Endometritis. Fungus (fung'-gus) [fungus, a toadstool : pi.. Fungi]. I. An order of plants without stems, leaves or roots, consisting of juxtaposed cells, without chlorophyl. They reproduce by spores. The chief classes are the Hymenomycetes , Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, Schizo- mycetes, and Oomycetes. 2. A spongy, morbid ex- crescence, as proud-flesh. F. of Brain, hernia cerebri. F. of Dura Mater, a tumor of the skull, of malignant nature, originating in the layers of osteal cells. F. Foot. See Foot. F. haematodes, a bleeding tumor, generally a soft cancer. Funic (fu'-nik) [funis, a rope]. Pertaining to the funiculus or umbilical cord. Funicular [fu-nik'-u-lar) [funis, a. ro^e]. Relating to the funiculus. F. Souffle, a hissing sound syn- chronous with that of the fetal heart, heard in auscul- tating the pregnant abdomen. It is heard in only from 14 to 15 per cent, of cases, and is referable to the umbilical cord. Funiculitis {fu-nik-u-W -tis) [funiculus, the spermatic cord; jnf, inflammation]. Inflammation of the sper- matic cord. Funiculus {fu-nik' -u-lus) [L., a cord ; dim. of funis, a rope]. I. In biology, applied to various cord-like structures, as the spermatic cord, the umbilical FUNIFORM 497 FUSIFORM cord of mammals or its analogue in lower animals, the ultimate nerve-bundles, the attachment of the base of the stomach of a polyp with the bottom . of its cell, the slender part of the clubbed antenna of an insect, the stalk of an ovule or seed, etc. 2. A bundle of nerve-fibers in a sheath of perineurium. 3. A name, variously qualified, for the difierent columns of the spinal cord and oblongata ; as the F. cuneatus, F. gracilis, F. of Rolando, F. teres. F. cuneatus. See Column of Burdach. F. gra- cilis. See Column of Coll. Puniform (fti'-nif-ortn) [funis, rope ; forma, shape]. In biology, resembling a rope or cord. Funis {fu'-nis) [L.]. A cord; applied to the umbili- cal cord. Funnel (j^re'-f/) [Old Fr.,/tf«f/]. i. A wide-mouthed, conic vessel ending in a tube, designed to aid in the speedy and safe transfer of liquids from one vessel to another. It is also used as a support for paper-filters. 2. An infundibulum. F. Mitral, a condition of the mitral valve in mitral stenosis in which the left auricle and the valve-structures are transformed into a hollow cone. This condition is also called Button-hole Mitral. F., Muscular, the funnel-shaped space bounded by the four straight muscles of the eye ; its apex is at the optic foramen, the eyeball forms its base, and along its axis runs the optic nerve. F. -shaped Pelvis, a congenital deformity of the pelvis, in which it retains its fetal or funnel shape. F., Vascular, the light-hued depres- sion at the center of the disc of the retina ; if exag- gerated, it forms a so-called physiologic cup. Funny Bone i^fun'-e boii). The internal condyle of the humerus. Being crossed superficially by the ulnar nerve, blows upon it give an unpleasant sensation to the hand ; whence the name. Fur [ME., furre, fur]. A coating of morbid matters, including an increased amount of epithelium, seen upon the tongue in various conditions of disease. Furan (fur' -an) [furfur, bran], C^H^O. Furfuran; tetrol ; a product of the destructive distillation of pine- wood ; it is also produced synthetically by the dis- tillation of pyromucic acid. It is a liquid, insoluble in water, with a peculiar odor, and boiling at 32° C. It yields bluish-violet dyestuffs with isatin and sulphuric acid, and violet-red with phenanthraquinone. Fiirbringer's Method. A method of cleansing the hands and nails of operators. The hands and forearms having been thoroughly cleansed by scrubbing with soap and warm water and the nails carefully cleansed, the hands and forearms are dipped for at least a min- ute in absolute alcohol, then immediately into warm bichlorid of mercury solution (l : 1000) and well scrubbed with a nail-brush, the nails receiving partic- ular attention. Furca (/ar'-ia,5) [L.,afork]. A fork. F. orbitalis, the orbital fork ; one of the earliest signs of the orbit seen in the embryo ; it is a mere trace of bifur- cated bony tissue. Furcate (fur'-kai) [furca, a fork]. In biology, forked ; divided into two equal branches. Furcula (/«r'-/5«-/a/5) [L., dim. of y^^-^-a, a fork]. In biology, applied to various forke^ structures, as the united clavicles (wish-bone or merry-thought) of a bird, or the bifid processes of certain insects. Furfur(^?-'-^;')[L.]. Dandruff or perrigo ; scurf; the bran of flour. F., Microsporon. See Tinea versicolor. Furfuraceous (fur-fur-a' -she-us) [furfur, bran]. Re- sembling bran. Applied also to dandruff-covered skin. Furfuran (fur'-fii-ran). See Furan. Furfurin [fur' -fu-rin) [furfur, bran], CisHj^NjO,. A basic crystalline principle derivable from furfurol ; it has been proposed as an antipyretic and tonic remedy. 32 Furfurol [fur'-fu-rol ) [furfur, bran ; oleum, oil] , CjHjOj. The aldehyd of furfuryl alcohol is produced in the distillation of bran with dilute HjSOj, or of sugar, etc. It is also derived from arabinose or xylose and occurs in the decomposition-products of albumi- noid bodies, as meat, cheese, urine, etc. With phenyl- hydrazin it forms a nearly insoluble compound, fur- furol hydrazon. It is a colorless volatile oil, with an aromatic odor. Its specific gravity at 130° C. is 1.163. It boils at 162° C. It combines with dimethylanilin to form a green dye-stuff, corresponding to malachite green. It exists in certain new whiskies ; but as the spirit becomes older the furfurol gradually disappears. Furibund (fu' -re-bund ) [furibundus,xa.%\ng\ . Raging ; maniacal (applied to certain insane patients). Furor {fu'-ror) [L.]. Madness; fury; a maniacal attack. F. genitalis. Same as Erotomania. F. epilepticus, epileptic insanity. F. transitorius. See Mania, Transitory. F. uterinus. See Nym- phomania. Furred (furd)[ME. ,furre, fur]. Having an abnormal coating of granular or epithelial scales and other mat- ter; as a furred tongue. Furrow [fur'-o) [ME., fui-we, a groove]. A groove or trench. F., Auriculo-ventricular, the great transverse groove separating the auricles of the heart from the ventricles. F., Digital, one of the trans- verse lines or furrows on the palmar surface of the fingers. F., Genital, a groove appearing on the genital tubercle of the fetus at the end of the second month. F., Interventricular, two longitudinal grooves separating the two ventricles of the heart. F., Jadelot's. See Jadelot's Lines, or Furrows. Furrowing [fur' -o-ing) [ME., furwe, a groove]. In biology, the process of segmentation of the yolk of an egg in some animals, as Amphibia. Furuncle (fu'-rung-kl). See Furunculus. Furunculosis (fu-rung-ku-lo'-sis) [furunculus, a boil]. The morbid condition that is associated with the production of furuncles. Furunculous [fu-rung' -ku-lus) [furunculus, a boil]. Characterized by a continuous production of furuncles. Furunculus (y^-?7<«f'-^2«-/«j) [L.]. Aboil. A local inflammatory affection, commonly involving a skin- gland or hair-follicle, ending in necrosis and central suppuration of adjacent parts. It begins with painful induration, followed by swelling, finally suppu- . rating and sloughing at the " core." F. orientalis. Oriental Boil, Aleppo Boil, Delhi Boil, Biscara But- ton, Gafsa Button, Kandahar Sore, Pendjeh Sore, Natal Sore. A local disease, marked by the succes- sive formation of papule, tubercle, scab, and sharply circumscribed ulcer on the face, especially the cheeks and angle of the mouth. It is common along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Fuscescent [fus-es' -ent)[fuscus , dusky]. In biology, of a dark-brownish tinge. 'P\X'&cvci{fus'-in')[fuscus,&.axV\. Retinal melanin. A pigment found as minute granules imbedded in the cell-substance and processes of the retinal epithelium. Fuscoferruginous (fus-ko-fer-oo'-jin-us) [fuscus, da-tk; ferruginous, rusty}. Brownish; rust-colored. Fuscotestaceous (fus-io-tes-ta' -she-us) [fuscus, dark, dusky; ^«to<:f«j, brick-colored]. Dull reddish-brown. Fuscous [fus'-kus) [fuscus, dusky]. Grayish-brown. Fusel Oil (fu'-zel). See Alcohol. Fusible (fu'-zib-l) [fustis, melted]. That which may be fused or melted. F. Calculus. See Calculus. Fusiform [fu'-sif-orm) [fusus, a spindle ; forma, shape] . Spindle-shaped ; larger in the middle and diminishing in diameter toward either end ; applied to cells, fibers, etc. FUSION 498 GALACTOPHLEBITIS Fusion [fii'-zhun) \^fusio ; fundere, to pour out] . The process of liquefying a solid by the agency of heat. Fuso-cellular [fu' -so-sel' -u-lar) \_fusus, a spindle ; cella, a cell]. Spindle-celled; as a fuso-cellular sarcoma. Fustic [fits' -tik ) \¥i.,fiistoc]. A yellow dye-stuff, the wood of Cholorophora tinctoria, an urticaceous tree of tropical America. The wood of Rhus cotinus, or Venetian sumach, is called young fitstic. Fustigation [fus-tig-a' -shun) [fitstigare, to beat]. Flagellation. F., Electric, an application of elec- tricity in which the surface of the body is rapidly tapped with the electrodes of an induced current. Fustin [fits' -tin) \_fustus, a knotted stick], CjjHijO,. A yellow crystalline coloring-matter obtained from Rhus cotintts. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Fuzzball [fuz'-bawl). See Bovisia. G. G. Abbreviation of gram. Gabbett's Method. A method of detecting tubercle- bacilli in cover-glass preparations. See Stains, Table ofi Gabian [ga'-be-an) [Fr.]. A variety of naphtha or petroleum from Gabian, a town of France, in H6- rault ; oleum gabianum. Gaboon Chocolate [gab-oon' chok'-olet). See Iba. Gad-fly [gad'-fli) \_gad, a goad ; ME., flye, a fly]. A dipterous insect belonging to the genus Tabanus. Also applied to flies of the genus CEstris. Gadinin [gad'-in-in] [from Gadtts callariaSj'ha.HocV], CjHj,NC52. A ptomaine obtained from decomposing haddock, and also from cultures of the bacteria of human feces. It acts as a decided poison when given in large doses. Gaduin [gad'-u-in) [gadus, the codfish], C^jH^gOj. A fatty principle occurring in cod-liver oil ; it is a dark- brown, brittle substance. Gadus [ga'-dus) \ya.So^, the whiting]. A genus offish. G. morrhua, the cod ; a fish from the livers of which cod-liver oil is obtained. See Morrhua. Gsophagia [je-o-fa'-je-ah). See Geophagy. Gaertner, Ducts of. See Duct. Gafiky's Method. A method of staining the bacillus of typhoid fever. See Stains, Table ofi Gafsa Button [gaf'-sah but'-ri). See Furunculus orientalis. ^^& \,S^SS^^' '° suffocate]. An instrument, generally made of flexible rubber, placed between the teeth to prevent closure of the jaws during the administration of nitrous oxid gas, or in operations on the mouth. Gage' s Solution. See Stains, Table of. Gaiac [ga'-yak). Same as Guaiacum. Gaillard's Suture. See Suture. Gait [gat) [AS.]. The manner of progression by walk- ing. The peculiarities of the gait may assume great diagnostic importance in cases of central nervous dis- order. G., Cerebellar, a gait in which the feet are widely spread apart for support, and associated with a staggering movement. It is due to disease, usually tumor, of the middle lobe of the cerebellum. G., Equine, a gait in which the foot hangs down and can- not be moved, progression being accomplished by flexing the thigh on the abdomen. It is seen in pero- neal paralysis. G., Frog, the characteristic hopping- gait of infantile paralysis. Gal. Abbreviation oi gallon. Galactacrasia [gal-ak-tak-ra' -ze-aK) \y6,Xn, milk ; d, priv. ; Kpaaif, mixture]. Defect or abnormality in the composition of the milk. Galactsemia [gal-ak-te' -me-ah). See Galacthemia. Galactagogue [gal-a¥-tag-og) \yh\a, milk; dyu/df, leading]. I. Inducing the secretion of milk. 2. An agent that increases the secretion of milk in the breast. Galactangioleucitis [gal-ak-tan-je-o.-lu-si' -tis) \ya%a, milk ; ayyelov, vessel ; ^euKdg, white] . Lymphangitis associated with lactation. Galactapostema [gal-ak-tap-os-te'-mah) [yiiAa, milk ; anSarri/ia, abscess: pi., Galactapostemata']. Milk- abscess ; mammary abscess associated with lactation. Galactedema [gal-ak-te-de' -mah) \yahi, milk ; oidii/ia, a swelling]. Swelling of the mamma due to accumu- lation of milk within it. Galacthemia ( gal-ak-the' -me-ah ) [jdXa, milk ; 01,14(1, blood]. I. A milky state or appearance of the blood. 2. Bloody milk, or the giving of bloody milk. Galactia [gal-ak'-te-ah) [70^0, milk]. A genus of diseases, according to Good's Nosology, embracing defective or abnormal secretion of milk. G. virorum, the secretion of milk by the male. Galactic [gal-ak' -tik) [yaAa/cri/cdf, milky]. Relating to or promoting the flow of milk. Galactidrosis (^a/-a>5-ft'a?-n!'-jis) [yiJAa, milk ; WpiSf, sweat]. The sweating of a milk-like fluid. Galactin [gal-ak' -tin) \y6.'ka, milk], i. Same as, Lactose. 2. An amorphous alkaloid or base, reported to be ob- tainable from milk. 3. A wax obtained from the sap of the S. American cow-tree, Galactodendron utile; it is used locally in candle-making. 4. CjHjjOs, a carbohydrate from the seeds of leguminous plants. Galactirrhea [^gal-ak-ter-e'-ah). See Galactorrhea. QL3\&zXo\)\a.a's.\gal-ak'-to-blast) [yd/l(2, milk ; ^'hansriu a germ]. A peculiar fat-containing globule found in the acini of the mammary gland. Galactocele (^a/-a,4'-/o-j^/) \yliKa, milk; k^ A)?, tumor] 1 . A cystic tumor of the female breast due to a coUec tion of milk and resulting from closure of a milk-duct. 2. Hydrocele with milky contents. Galactodendron [gal-ak-to-den' -dron) \_ylAa, milk HevSpof, a tree]. The cow-tree. See Brosimum. Galactoglycosuria [gal-ak-to-gli-ko-su'-re-ah) [yWo, milk; yAmif, sweet ; ovpov, urine]. Glycosuria de- pendent upon lactation. Galactoid [gal-ak' -toid) \yila, milk ; eZdof, form]. Resembling milk. _ Galactoma [gal-ak-to'-mah) \yliKa, milk; h\w., a tumor ; pi. , Galactomata'\ . Same as Galactocele. Galactoraeter [gal-ak-tom'-et-er). See Lactometer. Galactoncus [gal-ak-tong'-kus) [ydlia, milk ; 6yKo;,a. swelling]. Same as Galactocele. Galactonic Acid [gal-ak-ton'-ik). See Ladonic Acid. Galactophagous [gal-ak-toff'-ag-us) \ylika, milk; ^payelv, to eat]. Milk-eating. Galactophlebitis [gal-ak-to-fie-bi'-tis] [j&la, milk; (pXif, vein ; irii, inflammation]. I. Milk-leg; phleg- GALACTOPHLYSIS 499 GALENIC masia alba dolens ; phlebitis associated with lactation. 2. Phlebitis in a suckling child. Galactophlysis {gal-ak-toff'-lis-is) [yaXa, milk; (pi,i)atq, eruption] . A vesicular eruption containing a milk-like fluid, and associated with a suppression of lactation. Galactophora [gal-ak-toff' -or-ah) [ytSAa, milk; ^kpuu, to bear]. Remedies that increase the secretion of milk. Galactophoritis [gal-ak-toff-or-i' -tis) [yd/la, milk ; (pipeiv, to bear ; itu;, inflammation]. Inflammation of a milk-duct. Galactophorous l^gal-ak-toff'-or-us) [jd'Aa, milk ; ipipetv, to bear]. Milk-bearing. G. Ducts, the ex- cretory ducts of the mamm^. Galactophorus (^gal-ak-toff ' -or-us) \yaKa, milk ; ipipeiv, to bear]. An artificial nipple placed over the natural organ in order to facilitate suckling and also to protect the natural nipple when abraded. Galactophthisis i^gal-ak-toff ' -this-is) \ya%a, milk ; ^iaiQ, consumption]. Emaciation and debility due to excessive secretion of milk. Galactophyga (gal-ai-ioJf^-ig-ai.)[jd?ia, railk; ^eiiyeiv, to shun]. Remedies employed to arrest the secretion of milk. Galactophygous {gal-ak-toff'-ig-tis) \yaka, milk ; ^vyii, flight]. Having the power to reduce or arrest the se- cretion of milk. Galactoplania i^gal-ak-to-pla' -ne-afi)[yaXa, milk; irAavri, a wandering] . The metastasis of milk ; any secretion or discharge of a milky fluid consequent upon a sup- pression of lactation. Galactoplerosis ( gal-ak-to-ple-ro' -sis) [jdXa, milk ; Tz'/ii/paaii, a filling]. Distention of the mamma from hypersecretion of milk, or from closure of the milk- ducts. Galactopoietic [gal-ak-to-poi-et'-ik) \ySXa, milk ; Toissiv, to make] . Inducing the secretion of milk ; concerned in the secretion of milk. Galactoposia {^gal-ak-to-po' -ze-aK) \y ''P" pearance]. A genus of labiate plants ; hemp-nettle. G. ladanum, of Europe, is a popular remedy for coughs. The oil of the seeds of G. tetrahit, of Europe and N. America, is said to be a vermifuge. Unof. Galeropia, or Galeropsia [ga-ler-o'-pe-ah, ox ga-ler-op' - se-ah) [yaAfpdf, cheerful ; 6i/"f > vision] . A preternatur- ally clear and light appearance of objects due to some perversion of the visual apparatus. Galianconism (^ga-le-an' -ko-nizni) \yaKi.ayKiM, a short- armed person; yakir], weasel ; ayniiv, elbow]. Atro- phy of the arm, with shortening. Galipe's Test. See Tests, Table of. Galipea (gal-ip-e'-ah) [L. ]. A genus of tropical Amer- ican rutaceous shrubs and trees. G. cusparia and G. officinalis afford angustura bark, q. v. , also called cusparia bark. Galipein (gal-ip-e'-in) \_Galipea~\, CjqHjjNGj. An alkaloid from cusparia bark. Galipot {gal'-e-pot) [Fr.]. Crude Burgundy pitch. Cf. Gallipot. Galium i^ga'-le-um) [yakbov, milk- wort]. A genus of rubiaceous plants of many species, several of which are used in popular medicine. Among them are G. californicum, G. circsezans, G. pilosum, and G. trifedum, in N. America, and G. moUugo, G. crucia- tum, and G. verum in Europe. See, also, Ladies' Bedstraw. G. aparine, goose-grass, cleavers, or clivers, a succulent plant, the juice of which is a popular remedy in strumous affections, and is said to be actively diuretic. Dose of the juice g v ; of the fluid extract 3J-ij. Unof. Gall {gawl) [ME., galle ; ;t;a)7, bile]. The bile. The juice normally secreted by the liver. See Galla. G.- bladder, the pear-shaped sac in the right lobe of the liver, constituting the reservoir for the bile. See Chole- cyst. G.-cyst, the gall-bladder. G-duct. See Duct. G.-fever, a synonym of intermittent fever. G.-stones, the calcareous concretions occasionally formed in the gall-bladder and its ducts. They are usually of small size, but maybe as large as a pigeon's egg. They are composed of the bile-pigments and acids, cholesterin, various salts, especially of lime and mag- nesia. Cholesterin is the chief constituent. They give rise to acute attacks of intense pain, the so-called biliary colic. Galla (gal'-ah) [L]. Nut-gall. An excrescence on the leaves of dyer's oak, Quercus lusitanica, caused by the deposited ova of an insect. It contains tannic acid from 10-75 P^"" cent., gallic acid S P^r cent. Dose gr. v-xv. G., Tinct., 20percent. Dose gss-iij. G., Unguentum, 10 per cent. See Acid, Tannic. G., Unguentum, cum opii (B.P.), an astringent and sedative ointment. Gallacetophenone [gal-as-et-o-fe'-non] \_galla, gall; acidum, acid; F. , phinyW]. A yellow powder with the formula CH3CO.CjH.^(OH)3, prepared from pyro- gallic acid. It is used as a 10 per cent, ointment in dermatology. Gallein [gal'-e-in), C,gH,40,. Pyrogallol-phthalein ; one of the coal-tar colors, obtained on heating pyro- gallic acid with phthalic anhydrid to 200° C. It dissolves with a dark-red color in alcohol, and with a beautiful blue color in alkalies. It is an important dye-stuff, producing tolerably fast shades of purple and violet on cotton, wool, and silk. See Pigments. Gallic (gal'-ik) [galla, an oak-gall]. Pertaining to the oak-gall or nut-gall. G. Acid. See Acid, Gallic. Gallipoli Oil (^gal-e-po'-le). See Turkey-red Oil. Gallipot {gal'-e-pot) \Ot).,gleypot, a gallipot]. An apothecary's pot for holding ointments or confections. Gallisin [gal'-is-in) [galla, an oak-gall], CuHj^Gj,. An unfermentable carbohydrate found in starch-sugar. It is prepared by fermenting a 20 per cent, solution of starch-sugar with yeast at 18° or 20° C. for five or six days. In the pure state it is a white, amorphous, extremely hygroscopic powder; its taste is at first sweet, but afterward becomes insipid ; it is easily decomposed by heat ; is readily solublie in water, nearly insoluble in absolute alcohol. It is dextro-rotatory and reduces copper-solutions. Gallium [gal'-e-um) [Gallia, Gaul]. A rare metal (symbol Ga. , sp. gr. 5.935), extremely fusible, and related in chemic properties to aluminum, like which, it is capable of forming a series of alums. Some of its compounds are poisonous. See Elements, Table of. Gallivorous [gal-iv'-or-us) [^a//a, a gall-nut ; vorare, to eat, devour] . In biology, applied to the larvse of gall-producing insects that feed on the inside of the nut-gall. Gallization [gal-iz-a' -shun). A method of improving wine, by which the must of a bad year is brought up to the standard found to belong to a good must (24 per cent, of sugar, 0.6 per cent, of acid, and 75.4 per cent, of water) by correcting the ratio of acid to sugar. This is done by adding sugar and water in sufficient quantity. Gallocyanin (gal-o-si' -an-in) [galla, gall (-nut) ; Kvavog, blue], CjjHjjNjOj. A compound produced by the action of nitroso-dimethyl-anilin upon gallic acid, catechuic acid, etc. It forms shining green needles, and serves as a beautiful violet-colored lake in calico print. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Galloflavin (gal-o-flav'-in). See Pigments. Gallois' Test. See Tests, Table of. Gallon [gal' -on) [ME., galon, a gallon]. A standard unit of volumetric measurement, having in the United States a capacity of 231 cu. in., and equivalent to a weight of 58,328. 8 grains of distilled water at maximum density. In Great Britain its capacity is 277.27 cu. in. G., Miniature, in water-testing, a name given to 70 c.c. Gallop Rhythm {gal' -up rithm). A peculiar form of cardiac arrhythmia, in which the sounds resemble the footfall of a horse in cantering. It is expressed by the words " rat-ta-tat. " It is most frequently heard in interstitial nephritis and arterio-sclerosis. It is said to be met with also in healthy persons. Galloping Consumption. The popular term for that very rapidly fatal form of pulmonary tuberculosis, in which there is rapid destruction of the lung-tissue on both sides. It is also called Florid Phthisis. G. Paresis, rapidly progressive general paralysis. Gallon's Whistle. An instrument used for testing the perception of high tones by the ear. Galvanic {gal-van' -ik) [ Ga&ffK?', an Italian physician and scientist] . Pertaining to galvanic or chemic elec- tricity. G. Battery. See Battery. G. Belt, a belt composed of alternate plates of copper and zinc, sepa- rated by pieces of felt moistened with a dilute acid. It is designed to be worn around the waist for the con- tinuous application of galvanism. G. Cautery. See Cautery. G. Discs, discs of two dissimilar metals arranged alternately, between which a communication is established when moistened and placed on the skin. GALVANISM 501 GANGLION G; Poultice, minute pieces of zinc and copper wrapped in cotton-wool, each pair separated by flan- nel, all inclosed in a bag, one side of which is made of rubber-cloth and the other of cotton. The cotton side is placed next the skin, perspiration exciting gal- vanic action. Galvanism {gal' -van-ism) '[Gaham,3.n Italian physi- cian and scientist] . Primary dynamic or current elec- tricity. Galvanization [gal-van-iz-a'-s/iun) [Galvani, an Ital- ian physician]. The transmission of a current of low electro-motive force through any part of the body for the purpose of diagnosticating or curing disease. G., Central, a variety of general galvanization in which the kathode is placed in the epigastrium and the anode is moved over the body. G., General, galvan- ization of the entire body. Galvano- [gal-van' -o-) [Galvani, an Italian physician]. A prefix denoting connection with chemic or current electricity. G. -caustic Amputation, an amputation in which the soft parts are divided with the galvanic- cautery loop, the bone being sawn through. G. -cau- terization, the application of the galvanic cautery. G.-cautery. See Cautery. G. -contractility, mus- cular contraction produced by the galvanic current. G,-emesis, the production of vomiting by galvanism. G. -faradization, the simultaneous excitation of a nerve or muscle by both a voltaic and a faradic cur- rent. G.-hjrpnotism, a hypnotic state induced by an electric current. G. -magnetism, same as Electro- magnetism. G. -puncture, the introduction of fine needles, that complete an electric circuit, into the skin or other tissue. Also, a form of galvano-cautery employing a current of the necessary electro-motive force to heat the nfiedles to whiteness. G.-therapeu- tics. See Electro-therapeutics . Galvanometer {gal-van-om'-et-er) [Galvani, an Ital- ian physician; fdrpav, a measure]. An instrument used for the qualitative determination of the presence of an electric current. Galvanoscope {gal-van' -o-skop) \_Galvani, an Italian physician ; aKoirtlv, to view] . An instrument for de- tecting the direction and presence of a galvanic cur- rent. Qa\-va.r).osc(ypy {gal-van-os' -ko-pe) \_Galvani, an Italian physician ; gkoituv, to examine]. The use of the Galvanotonus [gal-van-ot'-on-tis) \_Galvani, an Italian physician ; t6vo^, tension]. I. Same as Electrotonus. 2. The ' ' closing tetanus. " The continued tetanus of a muscle between the make and break contraction. Galvanotropism {gal-van-of -ro-pizm) [after Galvani; Tpiizuv, to turn round]. In biology, the turjoing movements of growing organs under the influence of a current of electricity. Gambir, Gambler {gam-blr') [Malayan']. A kind of catechu produced from the leaves and shoots of Un- caria gambir, a rubiaceous plant of the Malayan region. It has the general properties of official cate- chu. See also Pigments, Conspectus of. Unof Gamboge [gam-boz/t'). See Cambogia and Pigments. Game Leg {gam' -leg"). A popular term for a lame leg. Gamenomania {gam-en-o-ma' -ne-ah) . See Gamoma- nia. Gametangium {gam-et-an' -je-uni) [yafiirr!, wife; ayyslov, a vessel]. In biology, a cell or organ produc- ing or containing sexual elements, or gametes. Gamete (^aw'-^/) [ya/iejv, to marry] . In biology, any sexual reproductive body. Gametophyte {gam'-et-o-fii) [yafter?!, a wife ,• ya/isTJi^, a husband ; (jivrdv, a plant] . In biology, the sexual form of such plants as exhibit alternate generation. Gamgee Tissue [gam'-ge). Absorbent cotton- wool. Gamic {gam'-ik) [ya^of, marriage]. In biology, sexual, Gammacism {gam' -as-izni) [gammacismus ; yd/i/ia, the letter G] . DiSiculty in pronouncing any guttural consonant ; guttural stammering. Gamogastrous {gam-o-gas'-trus) [yafiog, marriage ; yaari/p, the womb]. In biology, applied to a com- pound pistil in which the ovaries only are united. Gamogenesis ( gam-o-jen' -es-is) [yafio^, marriage ; yiveoLf, origin] . Sexual reproduction. Gamogenetic {gam-o-jen-et'-ik) [yafwq, marriage; yiveaii, origin] . Relating to gamogenesis. Gamomania {gam-o-ma' -ne-ah) [ya/iog, marriage ; fiavia, mania]. Insane desire of marriage. Gamomorphism {gam-o-mor'-Jizm) [ya/wc, marriage; fwp^, form]. Puberty ; sexual maturity. Gamopetalous {gam-o-pef -al-us) [yd/iof, marriage ; TTcra/lov, a leaf ]. In biology, sympetalous; having the petals more or less united. Gamophyllous {gam-o-fil' -us) [yii^of, marriage ; (piiXhyv, a leaf]. In biology, symphyllous ; having the floral envelops united into a single perianth- whorl. Gangliac, Ganglial, Gangliar {gang' -gle-ak, gang' -le- al, gang' -le-ar). Same as Ganglionic. Gangliasthenia {gang'vgle-as-the' -ne-ah) [y&yylum, ganglion; airflEveia, weakness]. Ganglionic asthenia ; neurasthenia due to defect of ganglionic function. GanglifoTm ( gang' -glif-orm) [ydyyTuav, ganglion ; forma, form]. Formed like, or having the nature of, a ganglion. Gangliitis {gang-gle-i' -tis) [ykyy'kLm), a ganglion ; jT(f, inflammation]. Inflammation of a ganglion. Gangliocytin {gang-gle-o-si' -tin) [ydyyXiov, nucleus; idiTo^, cell]. Same as Cytophosphatid. Ganglioma {gang-gle-o' -mah) [ydyyXiov, ganglion ; 6/ia, a tumor://., Gangliomata']. A tumor or enlarge- ment of a lymphatic ganglion. Ganglion {gang' -gle-on) \ydyyXvov, a knot : //. , Gang- lia]. I. A separate and semi-independent nervous center communicating with other ganglia or nerves, with the central nervous system, and peripheral organs. 2. An enlarged bursa in connection with a tendon. 3. A lymphatic gland. G.-capsule, the envelop of a gdnglion containing the ganglion-cells or nerve-cells. G.-cell, any one of the nerve-cells characteristic of Multipolar Ganglion-cell. M. Axis-cylinder process, b. Pigment. the ganglia, whether found in a ganglion or not. G.- corpuscle, a ganglion-cell. G.^globule, a ganglion- GANGLIA 502 GANGLIA cell. An alphabetic table of the principal ganglia is appended, showing their location, roots, and distribu- tion. Ganglia, Basal, the ganglia at the base of the brain, comprising the corpora striata (caudate and lenticular nuclei), thalami, and corpora quadri- gemina. TABLE OF GANGLIA. Name. Location. Roots. Distribution. Abdominal, maximum. See Semilunar. Acoustic. In grasshoppers, the termination of the acoustic nerve. Ganglionic chain. Organ of hearing. Andersch's. See Petrous. Anterior (of thalamus). The anterior tubercle of the thala- mus. Arnold's. See Otic. Auerbach's. Several minute ganglia situated in Auerbach's plexus, q. v. Sympathetic. Sympathetic. Auricular. See Otic. Auricular, posterior. See Temporal. Auriculo-ventricular. See Bidder's. Azygous. See Impar. Basal. At base of cerebrum ; they include : corpora striata, thalami, corpora geniculata, corpora quadrigemina, locus niger, nuclei tegmenti. Basal optic. See Optic, basal. Bezold's (Von). In the auricular s6ptum of the frog's heart. Sympathetic. Heart. Bidder's (2). In the auricular septum of the frog's heart. Termination of the cardiac branches of the vagus. Heart. Bochdalek's. Above the root of one of the upper incisor teeth, at the point of commu- nication between the posterior nasal branch of Meckel's ganglion and the anterior dental nerve. Dental nerves. Dental nerves. Branchial. In Mollifsca, near the branchia. Ganglionic chain. Branchia. Buccal. In Mollusca, at the point of union of the esophagus with the buccal mass. Cerebral ganglia. Nerves to the mouth and alimentary canal. Cardiac, lesser. See Cardiac, superior. Cardiac, superior (Wris- berg). Beneath the arch of the aorta. Superficial cardiac plexus. Cardiac plexus. Carotid. In the lower part of the cavernous sinus, beneath the carotid artery. Filaments from the carotid plexus. Carotid plexus. Carotid, inferior. Lower portion of the carotid canal. Carotid plexus. Filaments to the carotid artery. Carotid, internal. See Carotid, supef^or. Carotid, superior. Upper portion of the carotid canal. Carotid plexus. Filaments to the carotid artery. Casserian. See Gasserian. Celiac, lateral. Near the spleen. Splenic plexus. Filaments to the spleen. Celiac, left. The left semilunar ganglion {q. v.). Celiac, middle. In front of the aorta above the celiac axis. Hepatic plexus. Filaments to the liver. Celiac, right. The right semilunar ganglion {q. z/.). Cephalic. Sympathetic ganglia of the head. They include the ciliary, spheno-palatine, otic, and submaxillary. Cerebral. In Mollusca, above the esophagus. Ganglionic chain. To the head. GANGLIA 503 GANGLIA TABLE OF GANGLIA.— Continued. Name. Location. Roots. Distribution. Cerebral, anterior. A name for the corpus striatum. Cervical, first. See Cervical, superior. Cervical, great. See Cervical, superior. Cervical, inferior. Between the neck of the first rib, and the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra. Three lower cervical, first dorsal. Cardiac nerves and plexus, etc. Cervical, lower. See Cervical, inferior. Cervical, middle or thy- roid. Opposite the fifth cervical vertebra ; near the inferior thyroid artery. Fifth and sixth cervical nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia. Thyroid gland, cardiac nerve, cavernous plexus. Cervical, oval. See Cervical, superior. Cervical (of vagus nerve). See Inferior {of vagus). Cervical, second. See Cervical, middle. Cervical, stellate. See Cervical, middle. Cervical, superior. Opposite the second and third cervical vertebrae. Four upper cervical, petrosal, vagus, glosso-pharyngeal, and hypoglos- sal nerves. Superior, inferior, ex- ternal, internal branches ; carotid and cavernous plexuses. Cervical, third. See Cervical, inferior. Cervical, upper. See Cervical, superior. Cervical (of uterus). Near the cervix uteri. Filaments, from the hypogastric plexus, sacral ganglia, and sacral nerves. Uterine nerves. Of the chorda tympani. In Invertebrata, above the Glaserian fissure. Chorda lympani nerve. Chorda tympani. Ciliary. See Ophthalmic. Of the circumflex nerve. On the branch of the circumflex nerve. Circumflex nerve. Filaments to teres minor, deltoid, and fascia. Of Cloquet. Incisor foramen. Naso-palatine nerves. Naso-palatine nerves. Coccygeal. See Impar. Cochlear. See Spiral. Corti's. See Spiral. Cranio-cervical. See Cervical, superior. Diaphragmatic. See Phrenic. Ehrenritter's. S&efugular. Extraventricular. A name for the lenticular nucleus. Facial. See Geniculate. Of Frank en hauser. See Cervical, uterine. Frontal. In Tnveriebrata, the ganglion from which arises the pharyngeal nerve. Ganglionic chain. Pharyngeal nerve. Fusiform. See Cervical, superior. Gasser's (A. P.). See Gasserian. Gasserian, or semilunar. Fossa on the anterior part of the petrosa, near the apex. Fifth cranial nerve, carotid plexus. Ophthalmic, superior and inferior maxillary nerves. Geniculate. Aqueduct of Fallopius. Large and small superficial petro- sal. Facial. Great. See Cardiac, superior. Of the habenula. A ganglion situated in the trigonum habenulas near the thalamus. Hepatic. Around the hepatic artery. Hepatic branches of the semilunar ganglion. Liver. GANGLIA 504 TABLE OF GAT^GIAK.—Contimieci. GANGLIA Name. Location. Roots. Distribution. Hirschfeld's. A name for the hippocampal gyrus. Hypogastric. See Cervical {of uterus). Impar, or Coccygeal. Anterior surface of the tip of the coc- cyx, uniting the two sympathetic nerves. Sympathetic. Sympathetic. Inferior (of vagus). Near jugular foramen. Hypoglossal and cervical nerves and various plexuses. Vagus, Infra-esophageal. In Mollusca, beneath the esophagus. Ganglionic chain. Foot. Inframaxillary, anterior. Near the incisor teeth. Inferior maxillary nerve. Filaments to the teeth. Infraraaxillary, posterior. Near the last molar tooth. Inferior maxillary nerve. Filaments to the teeth. Intercarotid. Bifurcation of the common carotid. Carotid plexus. Sympathetic, Interoptic. The gray matter of the interoptic lobes. Interosseous. Back of the wrist Interosseous nerve. Nerves to the carpus. Intervertebral. Near the intervertebral foramen. Spinal cord. Dorsal root of spinal nerve. Jugular (Ehrenritter's). Upper part of the jugular foramen. Glossopharyngeal. Continuation of the glossopharyngeal. Jugular (of vagus). Jugular foramen. Vagus. Vagus. Lateral (several in num- ber). Surrounding the subclavian artery. Branches of the inferior cervical ganglion. Subclavian artery. Lenticular. See Ophthalmic. Lingual. See Submaxillary. Ludwig's. Right auricle of the heart. Cardiac plexus. Cardiac plexus. Lumbar (4 or 5). On each side and behind the abdom- inal aorta. Sympathetic. Sympathetic. Maxillo-tympanic. See Otic. Meckel's. See SphenO'palatine. Meckelian. See Spheno-palatine. Meissner's. Intestinal sub-mucosa. Sympathetic Sympathetic. Mesenteric, inferior. The inferior mesenteric artery. Inferior mesenteric plexus. Mesentery and intes- tine. Mesenteric, lateral. Left side of the body. Superior mesenteric plexus. Mesentery and bowel. Mesenteric, superior. Near the origin of the superior mes- enteric artery. Superior mesenteric plexus. Sympathetic. Of Meynert. See Optic, basal. Miiller's. ^QQ Jugular and Prostatic. Nasal. See MeckeVs. Nephro-aortic. See Renal Nephro-lumbar. Junction of the branches of the lum- bar and spermatic nerves. Lumbar and spermatic nerves. Kidney and lumbar re- gion. Ophthalmic. Posterior part of the orbit. Nasal branch of the ophthalmic, third, cavernous plexus, and Meckel's ganglion. Short ciliary. Optic. See Ophthalmic. Optic, basal (of Meynert). Beneath the third ventricle, near the optic tract. Gray matter of the cerebrum. Optic tract. Optic, inferior. See Optic, basal. Orbital. See Ophthalmic. Otic (Arnold's). Below the foramen ovale. Inferior maxillary, auriculo-tempor- al, glosso-pharyngeal, facial, sym- pathetic, and internal pterygoid. Tensor tympani, ten- sor p a 1 a 1 1 , chorda tympani. GANGLIA 505 GANGLIA TABLE OF GM!iGUA.— Continued. Name. Location. Roots. Distribution. Pedal. See Infra-esophageal. Petrosal. See Petrous. Petrous (Andersch's). Petrous portion of the temporal bone, lower border. Glosso-pharyngeal. Tympanic, sympathet- ic, and vagus. Pharyngeal. Near ascending pharyngeal artery. Carotid plexus. Carotid plexus. Pharyngeal, soft. On the lingual artery, near the pharyngeal ganglion. Carotid plexus. Lingual plexus. Phrenic. Under the diaphragm at the junction of the right phrenic nerve and phrenic plexus. Sympathetic. To the diaphragm, in- ferior vena cava, su- pra-renal capsule, hepatic plexus. Phrenic, major. Point of union of the phrenic nerves with the spinal and sympathetic sys- tems. Phrenic, spinal, and sympathetic. Filaments to the dia- phragm. Phrenic, secondary. Near the diaphragm. Anterior, superior, transverse plexus. Filaments to the dia- phragm. Phrenico-hepatic. Lower surface of the diaphragm. The phrenic plexus. Filaments to the dia- phragm and liver. Plexiforra. See Gasserian. Pneumogastric. See Vagus. Of the pcrtio dura. See Geniculate. Post-esophageal. In insects, around the gullet. Cephalic ganglia. Nerves to the mouth. Postoptic. See Optic, basal. Pre-esophageal. See Cephalic. Prostatic {of Muller). On the prostate. Prostatic plexus. Filaments to seminal vesicles and caver- nous tissue of penis. Pterygo-palatine. See Meeker s. Remak's. Tissue of the heart, near the superior vena cava. Sympathetic. Sympathetic. Renal. Around the renal artery. Renal plexus. Renal artery. Renal, anterior communi- cating. In front of the renal artery. Renal plexus. Kidney. Renal, left aortic. Point of origin of the renal artery. Renal plexus. Kidney. Renal, posterior communi- cating. Behind the renal artery. Renal plexus. Kidney. Reticulate. Medulla oblongata. The gray matter scattered through the medulla. Rhinic. See flfeckers. Of Ribes. Anterior communicating artery of the brain. {It is the upper termination of the sympathetic.) Branches from the two superior ganglia. Sympathetic. Sacral (4 or 5). Ventral surface of the sacrum. Sympathetic. Sympathetic. Sacral, accessory (4). Along the middle sacral artery. Sympathetic. Middle sacral artery. Scarpa's. Near the internal auditory meatus, at the point of junction of the facial nerve and the vestibular branch of the auditory nerve. Facial and auditory nerves. Internal ear. Schacher's. See Ophthalmic. Schmiedel's. In the carotid plexus. Fifth nerve, third branch. Sympathetic. Semilunar (2, right and Near the supra-renal bodies, in front of the crura of the diaphi-agm. Solar plexus and great splanchnic nerves. Solar plexus. Semilunar. See Gasserian. Solar. See Semilunar. J GANGLIA 506 GANGLIA TABLE OF GA.'UGIAA.— Continued. Name. Location. Roots. Distribution. Spermatic, inferior. On the spermatic artery, near the internal abdominal ring Sympathetic. Cord and testicle. Spermatic, superior. Around the spermatic artery. Sympathetic. Sympathetic. Spermatico-renal. In a plexus formed by the inferior branches of the renal plexus. Renal plexus. Spermatic artery and kidney. Sphenoid. See MeckeVs. Spheno-palatine ( M e c k - el's). Spheno-maxillary fossa, near the spheno-palatine foramen. Superior maxillary, facial, sympa- thetic. Anterior, posterior.and external palatine, na- so-palatine, superior nasal, Vidian, pharyn- geal. Spinal. See Intervertebral. Spiral. Spiral canal of the modiolus. Cochlear nerve. Filaments to the os- seous lamina and to the organ of Corti. Splanchnic. See Semilunar. Stellate. The first thoracic {g v.). Stomato-gastric. In Mollusca, the upper surface of the stomach. ' Sympathetic. Sympathetic. S ub-esophageal . See Infra-esophaseal. Sub-intestinal. See Meissner*s. Sublingual. See Submaxillary. Submandibular. See Submaxillary. Submaxillary. Above the submaxillary gland. Gustatory, chorda tympani, sub- maxillary, sympathetic. Mouth, submaxillary eland, and Wharton's duct. Superior. See Jugular. Superior (of Vagus). Jugular foramen. Superior cervical and petrous gan- glia, and spinal accessory. Vagus. Supra- esophageal. In Mollusca, above the esophagus. Ganglionic chain. Esophagus. Supra-maxillary. Above the canine tooth. Anterior superior dental nerve. Anterior superior den- tal nerve. Supra-renal. Junction of the great splanchnic nerves. Solar plexus. Supra-renal plexus. Temporal. External carotid artery, near the parotid gland. Superior cervical ganglion and carotid plexus. Temporal region. Thoracic (12). Between the transverse processes of the vertebrae and the heads of the ribs. Sympathetic. Splanchnic nerves and branches to spinal nerves and plexuses. Thyroid, inferior. See Cervical^ middle. Thyroid, superior. See Cervical, superior. Transverse. See Semilunar. Tympanic. Canal between the lower surface of the petrosa and the tympanum. Tympanic branch of the glosso- pharyngeal. Tympanum. Vagus : (i) of the root, see Jugular \ (2) of the trunk ( Vagus). Below the jugular foramen. Vagus. Vagus. Valentin's. Above the root of the second bicuspid, at the junction of the middle and posterior dental nerves. Posterior and middle dental nerves. Filaments to the teeth. Ventricular. See Bidder's. Vertebral. See Cervical, inferior. Vesico-vaginal. Ventral wall of the vagina. Vesico-vaginal plexus. Sympathetic. Vestibular. Aqueduct of Fallopius. Geniculate ganglion. Vestibular nerve. Walter's. 'See Impar. ' Of Wrisberg. See Cardiac. GANGLIONIC 507 GAS .Ganglionic (gang-gle-on'-ik) [y&yy'Xi.m, a ganglion]. I Pertaining to or of the nature of a ganglion. G. Centers, masses of gray matter of the brain lying be- tween the floor of the lateral ventricles and the decus- sation of the anterior pyramids of the cord. They include the optic thalami, corpora striata, and others. Ganglionitis i^gang-gle-on-i' -tis) . See Gangliitis. Gangliopathy [gang-gle-op' -ath-e) [yayyXi.mi, a gan- glion ; ■KoBoq, disease] . Any disorder dependent upon a diseased condition of a ganglion ; any diseased state of a ganglion. Gangraena [gang-gre'-nah) [L.]. Gangrene. G. contagiosa. See Gangrene, Hospital. G. noso- comialis. See Gangrene, Hospital. G. oris. See Stomatitis. Gangrsenosis (^gang-gre-no'-sis). See Gangrenosis. Gangrene {^gang' -grin) [yayypaiva, a sore, from ypalv- eiv, to gnaw] . Mortification or death of a part of the body from failure in nutrition. The putrefactive fer- mentation of a dead limb or tissue. G., Circular, a form of mortification occurring usually on some part of the lower extremity, and not exceeding in size a silver half-dollar. It involves the skin and subcuta- neous tissues and is accompanied by signs of exhaustion. G., Constitutional, that dependent upon systemic disease, such as diabetes, or circulatory dis- ease. G., Diabetic, See Sphaceloderma. G., Dry, shriveling and desiccation from insufficiency of blood. G., Embolic, that caused by an embolus that cuts off the supply of blood. G., Hospital, a contagious form arising under crowded conditions without antiseptic pre- cautions. G., Moist, a form with abundance of serous exudation and rapid decomposition. G., Nosocomial, hospital gangrene . G., Primary, that without preceding inflammation of the part. G., Pulpy. See G., Hos- pital. G., Secondary, a form with preceding inflamma- tion. G., Senile, that attacking the extremities of the aged. G., Symmetric, that attacking corresponding parts of opposite sides. It is called, also, Raynaud's G. See, also, Sphaceloderma. G., White, a moist gangrene of chronic form, in which there is a serous exudate with lymphatic obstruction, followed by com- plete anemia. It is unaccompanied by the characteristic color-change of other varieties of gangrene. Gangrenopsis (^gang-gren-op' -sis) [yayypaiva, gan- grene; oi^if, the face]. Synonym of Cancrum oris. Gangrenosis [gang-gren-o^ -sis') \_yayypabva, gangrene ; v6coQ, disease]. The condition of being or of becom- ing mortified or gangrenous. Gangrenous [gang'-gren-us) [jdyypaiva, gangrene]. Pertaining to or being of the nature of gangrene. G. Emphysema. See Edema, Malignant. Ganja (^gan'-jaK) [Hind.]. Synonym of Cannabis in- dica. Gannal's Solution. A preservative fluid containing one part of aluminum acetate in 20 parts of water. Ganoin [gan'-o-in) [jdvoc, brightness]. In biology, the dense enamel-like form of bone of the plates of a ganoid fish. Gant's Line. See Lines, Table of. Gantelet {gant'-let). See Gauntlet. Gape [gap, or gap) [MF,.,gapen; to yawn]. To yawn ; the act of yawning. Gapes (gaps) [ME. , gapen, to gape]. A disease of young fowls, caused by the presence of a nematode worm, Syngamus trachealis, in the trachea. See Parasites, [Animal) Table of. Gaping (gap'-ing). See Pandiculation and Yawning. Gaps, Cranial [gapz) [ME., gapen, to gape]. Certain occasional congenital fissures of the skull. G3irz.-acva (gar-an' -sin) [origin unknown]. The product obtained by the action of concentrated H^SO^ on pul- verized madder, at a temperature of 100° C. (212° F.). It is a valuable dye. See Pigments Conspectus of. Garbage (gar'-bsj) [ME., garbage, the entrails of fowls]. The refuse materials of kitchen-cookery, etc. G. and Waste. See Sewage, Disposal of. G.-cart, Flannagan Automatic, a variety of cart much used for the collection of garbage. G.-furnace, a fur- nace in use in cities and towns to consume the waste material of the place. Garbling (gar'-bling) [OF., garbeler, to sift]. The assorting of a drug and its separation into grades of difierent quality. Garcinia (gar-sin' -e-ah) [after Laurent Garcin, a French botanist] . A genus of guttiferous trees of Old-world tropical regions. G. hanburii, G. morella, G. pic- toria, and G. travancorica afford gamboge. G. mangostana yields the palatable fruit called mango- steen. Garden Rocket. See Eruca sativa. Garel, Sign of. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Gargarism (gar'-gar-izm) [yapyapi^eai, to gargle : pi. , Gargarismatal. A gargle. Garget (gar'-get) [ME., gargat, the throat]. I. A swelling of the throat in swine or cattle. 2. A hard, knotty condition of the udder in cows, that sometimes follows calving, due to the sudden distention of the bag with milk ; it is attended with inflammation. At times it is tuberculous in nature. It is also called " Weed" and Mammitis. G.-root, a name improp- erly given to the root of Phytolacca decandra (see Phytolacca) ; so called because it is regarded as a cure for garget in cows. Gargle \gar'-gl) [Fr., gargouille, the throat]. To rinse or wash the interior of the throat and upper part of the pharynx. Also, a wash for the throat. Gargling (gar'-gling) [Fr. , gargouille, the throat]. Rinsing the throat. G., von Troltsch's Method of, the patient takes a mouthful of fluid, throws back the head, and then, instead of making the customary "gurgle," allows the liquid to pass as far down as possible. The act of deglutition is then performed, without, however, letting the fluid be swallowed. Garland (gar' -land). See Karyokinesis. Garlic (gar'-lik). See Allium. Garnet-brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Garretson's Bandage. See Bandage. Garrod's Theory. The theory that gout is due to an increase in the uric acid in the blood, either from in- creased production or diminished elimination. The alkalinity of the blood is also lessened ; hence the urates are deposited in the tissues. G.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. Garrot (gar'-ot) \¥r., garotter, to bind]. An instru- ment for compression of an artery by twisting a cir- cular bandage about the part. Garroting (gar'-ot-ing) [Sp., ^a^'roi'if, strangulation by means of an iron collar]. In forensic medicine, a term used in England to signify the forcible com- pression of a victim' s neck by robbers or criminals. Garrulity (gar-oo' -lit-e) [garrire, to prattle]. Talka- tiveness. G. of the Vulva. See Vulva. Garrya (gar'-e-ah) [after Garry, a botanist]. Cali- fornia fever-bush ; skunk-bush, or quinin-bush. The leaves of G. fremontii, a bitter antiperiodic, popular on the Pacific coast as a remedy for malarial diseases. Dose of the fld. ext. n\^x-xxx. Unof. Qairyin (gar'-e-in) [Garry, a. hotanist]. An alkaloid said to exist in the leaves of Garrya fremontii. Gartner, Canals or Ducts of. See Canal. Gas (gaz). Any substance that is normally aeriform. Substances normally in a liquid or solid state are usually called vapors when changed to the aeriform GASKELL'S CLAMP 508 GASTROCEPHALITIS condition. G. -black. See Figments, Conspectus of. G., Nitrous Oxid. See Nitrous Oxid. Gaskell's Clamp. See Clamp. Gasolene [gas'-o-lln) [^ai]. Canadol. A product ob- tained from petroleum, boiling at 70° to 90° C ; speci- fic gravity, .660 to .690, or 80° to 75° B. It is used in the extraction of oils from oil-seeds and in car- buretting coal-gas. Gasp [ME. ,^aj/^«, to yawn]. To catch for breath. To breathe spasmodically with open mouth. Gasser's Arteries. See Arteries, Table of . G.'s Gang- lion. See Ganglia, Table of. G., Nerve of. See Nerves, Table of. Gasserian Arteries, ^ee Arteries, Table of G. Gang- lion. See Ganglia, Table of. Gaster [gas^-ter) [yairr^p, stomach]. The stomach; the abdomen. G. basalis, the apical canal, pedun- cle-tube, or tubus capularis of hydroid polyps. G. buccalis, the esophagus of Medusae. G. centralis, the central cavity of Medusae. G. coronaris, the perogaster of Medusse. G. principales. See Axo- gaster. Gasterangiemphraxis l^gas - ter- an-je- em -fraks' - is) [jaari/p, stomach ; ayyelov, vessel ; i/iippa^ig, obstruc- tion]. I. Congestion of the stomachic blood-vessels. 2. Pyloric obstruction. Gasteiastbeniei[gas-ter-as-t/ie'-ne-aA) [yaariip, stomach ; aadheia, weakness]. Weakness or debility of the stomach. Gasterataxia ( gas-ter-at-aks' -e-aK) [^yaar^p, stomach ; ara^ia, disorder]. Disordered state of the functions of the stomach ; that state of the stomach-walls in which some parts are hardened or thickened, while others are softened or inflamed. Gasteiechevaa {gas-ter-ei-e^-maA) [yaariip, stomach; flXW^, sound]. A sound heard in the auscultation of the stomach. Gasterectasis [gas~ter-ek^ -tas-is) [yaffr^p, stomach; iKTaaic, dilatation]. Dilatation of the stomach ; it is usually due to pyloric obstruction, but may also result from muscular weakness, and from over-distention from excessive eating and drinking. Gastero- [gas'-ter-o-) [-yaar^p, belly]. See Gastro-. Gasterotheca {^gas-ter-o-the'-kaK) \yaariip, stomach; Btikt], case : //. , Gasterotheca^ In biology, the part of the pupa or chrysalis-case that covers the abdomen. Gasterozooid, Gastrozooid [gas-ter-o-no' -oid , gas-tro- «o'-(;;(/) [yacrr^p, stomach ; f^of, animal; eWof, form]. In biology, one of the nutritive zooids of a polyp- colony. Gastrsea {^gas-tre^ -ah) [^yaffri/p, stomach ; pi., GastrcB(B\. In biology, Hseckel's term for a hypothetic, primeval, two-layered, saccular organism ; the supposed ancestral type of the gastrula stage of the present Metazoan. Gastrsemia {^gas-tre' -me-ah). See Gastremia. Gastral [gas'-tral) [yaur^p, the stomach]. Pertaining to the gaster or stomach ; gastric. Gastralgia, Gastralgy (gas-tral'-je-ah, -je) [yaariip, stomach; oAyof, pain]. Pain in the stomach. A mild form is sometimes called gastrocfynia, Gastread [gas'-tre-ad) [yatrr^^p, stomach]. In biology, an animal the morphologic development of which stops at the gastrula stage. Gastrectasia [gas-tre/t-ta'-ze-ah). See Gdstrectasis. Gastrectasis { gas-trek' -tas-is) [yaaTfjp, stomach ; inTaaig, a stretching out]. Dilatation of the stomach. Gastrectomy [gas-tre/i'-to-me) [yaari/p, stomach ; iKTOfi^, a cutting out]. Resection of any diseased part of the stomach. Gastrelcobrosis [gas-trel-ko-bro'-sis) [yairr^p, stomach ; M/cof, ulcer; ^paaii, an eating]. Ulceration of the stomach. Gastrelcosis {gas-trel-ko'-sis) [yaarf/p, stomach; i'^KiMSig, ulceration]. Ulceration of the stomach. Gastremia (gas-tre' -me-ah) [yaarfjp, stomach ; o(/«z, blood]. Congestion of the coats of the stomach. Gastrenteralgia [gas-tren-ter-al'-Je-ah) [yacr^p, stom- ach ; IvTepov, intestine ; aXyog, pain]. Neuralgia of the stomach and bowels. Gastrenteromalacia ( gas - tren - ter- - mal -a'- se-ah) lyacT^p, stomach ; Ivrepov, intestine ; /laAada, soften- ing]. Softening of the stomach and intestines (as- serted by some to be merely a post-mortem condi- tion). Gastreum [gas'' -tre-um) [jaarf/p, stomach]. In biol- ogy, the under or ventral surface of a bird. Gastric [gas'-trik) lyaar^p, stomach]. Pertaining to the stomach. G. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. G. Crisis, a severe, paroxysmal attack of pain in the stomach, accompanied by obstinate vomiting, faintness, and occasionally by slowness and irregularity of the pulse. These crises are met with in locomotor ataxia, ?. V. G. Digestion, that part of the digestion of food performed by the gastric juice ; the conversion of albu- minous bodies into peptones. G. Fever. See Fever. G. Fistula, a perforation or communication other than the normal one between the stomach and peri- toneal cavity, or with the outer part of the body. G. Follicles. See Glands, Peptic. G. Insufficiency, a term applied to the early stages of dilatation of the stomach. G. Juice, the normal secretion of the tubu- lar, peptic glands of the stomach. It is a clear, colorless liquid, having an acid reaction, and containing from .5 to 2 per cent, of solid matter in solution. A small amount of hydrochloric acid, .2 to .4 per cent., and a ferment cz&ei. pepsin , are the essential elements. G. Plexus, a subdivision of the solar plexus distributed to the stomach. It joins branches of the left pneumogastric nerve. See Plexus. G. Veins, two veins of the stomach ; the lesser one is called the pyloric, the greater the coronary. See Vein. Gastricism (^a^'-^ra-jm) [yaffr^p, stomach]. 1. The theory that ascribes most diseases to some gastric de- rangement. 2. A gastric disorder. Gastrimargia, or Gastrimargism [gas-trim-ar' -je-ah, or -jizm) [yaoTijp, belly; /idpyog, greedy]. Insane or furious gluttony. Gastritic [gas-trif -ik) {jaarr/p, stomach]. Pertaining to or affected with gastritis. Gastritis [gas-tri' -tis) [yaor^^p, stomach; vrig, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the coats of the stomach. It may be acute or chronic. G. polyposa, that form associated with a rough, wrinkled, mammillated condition of the gastric mucous membrane. Gastro- [gas'-tro-) [yaariip, stomach]. A prefix de- noting some relation with or complication of the stomach. Gastro-adenitis {gas'-tro-ad-en-i'-tis) \yanTiip, stom- ach; o(!^, gland ; (Tif, inflammation] . Inflammation of the glands of the stomach. Gastro-arthritis (gas-tro-ar-thri' -tis) [yanr^p, stomach apdpov, a joint; trig, inflammation]. Gout in the stomach and joints at the same time. GasiTobrosis [gas-tro-bro' -sis) [yaari^p, stomach; /3pU' (Kf, a gnawing]. Perforating ulcer of the stomach. GsiStTocele [gas'-tro-sll) [yaor^p, stomach ; /c^Jti?, her- nia]. A hernia of the stomach. Gastrocelus [gas-tro-se' -lus) [^yaar^p, stomach; KoiXof, hollow]. In biology, applied to one of the depres- sions at the base of the second abdominal tergita in certain insects. Gastrocephalitis [gas-tro-sef-al-i' -tis) [yoor^p, stomach KEfa^, head; trtg, inflammation]. Concurrent in- flammation of the stomach and of the brain. GASTROCHOLIA 509 GASTRO- PERICARDITIS Gastrocholia ( gas-tro-ko'-le-ah ) [yaarijp, stomach ; x6M, bile]. Concurrent gastric and bilious disorder. Gastrocnemius {^gas-trok-ne' -me-us) [yaariip, stomach ; KvriiJtri, leg]. See Muscles, Table of. Gastrocolic {^gas-tro-kol' -ik) [yaar^p, stomach ; xShm, the large intestine] . Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon. Gastrocolitis [gas-tro-io-li'-tis) [jaari/p, stomach; Ko^ov , colon ; iT(f, inflammation]. Concurrent inflam- mation of the stomach and large intestine. Gastrocolotomy i^gas-tro-ko-lot' -o-me') [yaar^p, stom- ach; K6'kav, colon; Te/iveiv, to cut]. The establish- ment of an artificial communication between the stom- ach and the colon. Gastrocolpotomy [gas-tro-kol-pof -o-me) [yotrr^jo, stom- ach ; K(i/t.7rof , vagina ; refiveiv, to cut] . The operation of Cesarean section in which the opening is made through the linea alba into the upper part of the vagina. Gastrocystis [gas-tro-sis' -US') [yaarfip, belly; kvotlq, bladder] . In biology, the single-layered blastodermic vesicle of mammals. Gastroderma ( gas-tro-der' -mah ) \yaaTfip, stomach ; &kpfui, skin]. In biology, the lamina gastralis, or intestinal epithelium. Gastrodialysis (^gas-tro-di-al'-is-is) [yatrr^/), stomach ; Mffic, a loosening]. A solution of continuity in the gastric wall. Gastrodiaphane [gas-tro-di' -af-an ) [yaariip, stomach ; Sih, through ; (jiaivetv, to show] . See Gastrodiaphany . Gastrodiaphanoscopy ( gas' -tro-di-af-an-os' -ko-pe ) \yaaTr)p, stomach ; &m, through ; (palveiv, to show ; aaoirelv, to inspect]. The examination of the stomach by means of the diaphanoscope. Gastrodiaphany(^(2j-;ro-i^2-<2/''-o«-f)[7a(7T^p, stomach ; Sia, through ; ipaiveLV, to show] . A method of ex- ploration of the stomach by means of the gastrodia- phane. This consists of a soft stomach-tube , at the gastric extremity of which is placed an Edison's hard- glass lamp, from which conducting wires, containing a current-interrupter, ran to a portable storage-battery. The stomach should be free from food and moderately distended with water. The gastric extremity of the gastrodiaphane, after being lubricated with oil or gly- cerin, is introduced into that viscus, and the circuit is closed. If no pronounced thickening of the anterior stomach wall exists, trans-illumination in a dark room, with the patient erect, permits the outlines of the stomach to be seen as a zone of reddish hue on the abdominal wall. Gastrodidymus ( gas-tro-did' -im-us) [yaar^p, stomach ; SiSv/wQ, double]. A double monstrosity with one ab- dominal cavity. Gastroduodenal [gas:tro-du-o-de' -nal) [yaariip, stom- ach ; duodeni, twelve each]. Pertaining to the stom- ach and the duodenum. Gastroduodenitis (gas-tro-du-od-en-i'-tis) [jaar^p, stomach ; duodeni, twelve each ; crtQ, inflammation]. Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. Gastroduodenostomy i^gas' -tro-du-od-en-os' -to-me ) \yaaTrip, stomach ; duodeni, twelve each ; OT&fm, mouth]. A surgical operation upon the stomach and the duodenum, in which a new pass^e from the one to the other is established. Gastrodynia {gas-tro-din'-e-ak) [yaariip, stomach ; 6(J{)M7, pain]. A mild pain in the stomach. See also Gastralgia. Gastroectasis {^gas-tro-ek'-tas-is). Same as Gastrec- tasis. Gastro-electrization [gas-tro-e-lek-triz-a' -shun) [yaa- riip, stomach ; ^XeKrpov, amber]. The therapeutic ap- plication of electricity to the stomach. Gastroelytrotomy {gas-tro-el-it-rof -o-me) [yaari/p. stomach ; IXvrpav, a sheath ; rofi^, a cutting]. A method of performing Cesarean section. An incision is made into the vagina (after the abdominal section), in- stead of into the uterus, and if the child cannot be ex- tracted in this way, an incision is made into the os uteri. Gastroenteralgia ( gas-tro-en-ter-al' -je-aK) [yaar^p, stomach ; hrepov, bowel ; a?yo;, pain] . Concurrent pain in the stomach and bowels. Gastroenteric (gas-tro-en-ter'-ik) [yaarijp, stomach; ivrepav, bowel]. Pertaining to both stomach and bowels. Gastroenteritis i^gas-tro-en-ter-i' -tis) [yaariip, stom- ach; ivrepov, bowel; iru;, inflammation]. Concurrent inflammation of stomach and bowels. Gastroenterostomy ( gas-tro-en-ter-os' -to-meV^^yaariip , stomach ; svrepov, bowel ; ardjia, mouth]. Formation of a fistulous communication between the stomach and the small intestine in obstruction of the pylorus. Gastroenterotomy [gas-tro-en-ter-ot'-o-me) [yaariip, stomach ; evrepov, bowel ; re^vecv, to cut]. Intestinal incision through the abdominal wall. Gastroepiploic i^gas-tro-ep-ip-lo' -ik) [yaariip, stomach; 'fKm'koov, caul] . Pertaining to stomach and omentum. Gastro-esophageal {gas-tro-e-so-fa'-je-al) [yaariip, stomach; olaoipdyo^, the esophagus]. Pertaining to both the stomach and the esophagus. Gastrofaradization ( gas' -tro-far-ad-iz-a' -shun) [yaa- riip, stomach ; Faraday^. The application of farad- ism to the stomach. Gastrogalvanization {gas' - iro -gal- van -iz-a' - shun) [yajariip, stomach; Galvani'\. The application of galvanism to the stomach. Gastrohepatic [gas-tro-he-paf -ik) [yaariip, stomach ; ^Trap, the liver]. Relating to both stomach and liver. Gastrohysterectomy \gas' -tro-his-ter - ek' -to-me) [yaariip, the stomach ; var'tpa, the womb ; inroiiii, a cutting out]. The Porro- Cesarean operation. See Operations, Table of. Gastrohysterotomy (gas-tro-his-ter-of -o-me) [yaariip, stomach ; varkpa, womb ; rkjifuv, to cut] . The Cesarean section, q. v. Gastrolith (gas' -tro-lith) [yaariip, stomach ; 2.1Boq, a stone] . A calcareous formation in the stor^ch ; gas- tric calculus ; bezoar. Gastrolithiasis {gas-tro-lith-i' -as-is) [yaariip, stomach ; ^tSiaaig, the formation of calculi]. A morbid con- dition associated with the formation of gastroliths. Gastrology (gas-trol'-o-je) [yaariip, stomach ; Myof, science]. A treatise on the stomach and its functions. Gastromalacia (gas-tro-mal-a'-se-ah) [yaariip, stom- ach ; iMkaKia, softening]. An abnormal softening of the structural tissue of the stomach ; it is generally be- lieved to be due to post-mortem acidity. OastTorashis {gas-trom' -el-us) [yaariip, stomach; /liMs, limb] . A monster with accessory limbs attached to the abdomen. Gastromenia (gas-tro-me'-ne-ah) [yaariip, stomach ; p.'^, month]. Vicarious menstruation by the stomach. Gastrometritis {gas-tro-me-tri'-tis) [yaariip, stomach ; fiiirpa, womb; irig, inflammation]. Gastritis con- current with metritis. Gastromycetes {gas-tro-mi-se' -tlz) [yaariip, stomach ; fiviaig, mushroom]. A group of'^ fungi, the spores of which are enclosed in a cavity or pouch. Gastropancreatic [gas-tro-pan-kre-af -ik) [yaariip, stomach ; TrdyKpeac, pancreas]. Both gastric and pancreatic. Gastropathy [gas-trop'-ath-e) [yaariip, stomach ; •K&doq, disease]. Any disease or disorder of the stomach. Gastro-pericarditis {gas-tro-per-ik-ar-di' -tis) [yaariip, stomach ; Trepl, around ; KapSia, heart ; tnf , inflam- mation]. Gastritis concurrent with pericarditis. GASTROPERIODYNIA 510 GAZEOL Gastroperiodynia [gas-tro-per-e-o-din' -e-aK) [jaar^p, stomach; ■KepioSog, period; bSvvri, pain]. Periodic gastralgia. Gastrophrenic {gas-iro-fren' -ik) [yacriip, stomach ; i^pi/v, diaphragm]. Relating to both stomach arid dia- phragm. Gastroplegia {gas-tro-pW -je-aK) [yaar^p, stomach ; irTiT/y^, stroke]. Paralysis of the stomach. GastTopore l^gas' -tro-por) \yaaTiip, stomach; wdpog, pore]. In biology, the mouth-opening of a gaster- ozooid. Gastroptosis {gas-trop-to' -sii) [jaaTf/p, stomach : Trriiaif, fall] . A prolapse or downward displacement of the stomach, Gastro-pylorectomy (gas-tro-pi-lor-ek' -to-me) [^yaar^p, stomach; iTv?iup6g, a gate-keeper; enTop.^, excision]. Sm-gical excision of the pyloric portion of the stomach. Gastropyra l^gas-trop' -ir-aK) \yax!Tr)p, stomach ; iriip, fire] . Inflammation or phlegmasia of the stomach. Gastrorrhagia [gas-tror-a'-je-ah) [yacriip, stomach; firiyvvvai, to break forth]. See Hematemesis. Gastrorrhaphy {gas-tror' -a-fe) [yaar'^p, stomach; f>ai^, suture] . Suture of wounds of the abdominal wall or stomach. Gastrdrrhea ( gas-tror-e' -ah) [yaar^p, stomach ; poia, a flow]. Excessive secretion, or regurgitant flow, of gastric mucus or liquid. Gastrorrhexis {^gas-tror-eks' -is) [yaar^p, ■ stomach ; p^^ig, a breaking] . Rupture of the stomach. Gastroscope i^gas' -tro-skip') [yaar^p, stomach ; amwecv, to see] . An instrument for viewing the interior of the stomach. It consists essentially of a tube with an in- candescent electric light and reflecting prisms. Gastroscopy ( gas-tros'-ko-pe) [jaar^p, stomach ; aKOTTElv, to see] . The inspection of the interior of the stomach by means of the gastroscope. Gastrosis [gas-tro'-sis) [yaar^p, stomach; v6aoc, dis- ease : //. , Gastroses'] . A general term for any disease of the abdomen or of the stomach only. Gastrosphongioma ( gas-tro-sfon-je-o' -mah) [jaar^p, stomach ; aM!Sim, laughter], or Gelas- mus [jel-az'-mus) \ye7iaBT6(, laughable]. Insane or hysteric laughter. Gelatin (^jel'-at-in) [gelare, to congeal]. An albumi- noid substance of jelly-like consistence, obtained by boiling skin, connective tissue, and bones of animals in water. The glue of commerce is an impure variety. See Glue. G. Bath. See Batk. G., Blasting. See Blasting Gelatin. G. Capsules, capsules of gelatin designed for containing medicines of nauseating taste. G. Culture-medium, a jelly made by a solution of the best commercial food-gelatin in the proportion of 6, 8, or 10 parts to lOO of water, with l or 2 parts of dried peptones or glucose (the latter not to be used if the culture is to be made on slides) for increased nutri- tive value. Bicarbonate of goda is used to neutralize the acid reaction. This, in bacteriology, is simply known as Gelatin. G. -dynamite. See Blasting Gelatin. G., Liquid, a substance for fastening paper to glass, wood, or paper; its formula is : — Gelatin or clear glue 75 to 100 grams (3S) Commercial acetic acid (No. 8), . . . . looc.c. (3.4fS) Water, looc.c. {3.4 f S) 95 per cent. Alcohol, looc c. (3.4 f 3) Glycerin, 15 to 3o"c.c. (% to i f 5) Crush the glue and put it into a bottle with the acid ; set in a warm place and shake occasionally. After three or more days add the other ingredients. G., Medicated, a soft basis consisting of gelatin 3, zinc °*', old man ; miiElv,to care for]. The hy- gienic and medical care of old people. Gerocomium [jer-o-ko' -me-um) \ykpav, old man ; Ko/iEiv, to care for] . A home or institution for aged people. Geromarasmus (^Jer-o-mar-az'-mus) [jipav., old man ; /iapaa/i6g, a wasting]. Emaciation and weakness characteristic of extreme old age. Geromeninguria (^jer-o-men-in-gu'-re-ah) \yi.puv, old man ; fifpiiy^, membrane; oiipov, urine]. That senile condition in which the urine contains membranous shreds. Geromorphism (jer-o-mor' -fizni) \yripa.Q, old age ; liop(fif;, form] . Decrepitude of the cutaneous system ; appearance of age in a young person. Geroni speciosa [jer-o'-ne spe-she-o' -sah) [L.]. An Andean plant, having a local reputation as a remedy for syphilis and rheumatism. Unof. Gerontoxon i^jer-on-toks^-on). See Arcus senilis. Geropigia [jer-o-pij' -e-ah) [Port."]. A strongly sweet- ened and colored mixture of brandy and grape-juice, used in adulterating and fortifying wines. Gerst's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Gestation [jes-ta'-shun) \_gestatio ; gestare, to bear]. Same as Pregnancy. G., Abdominal, the form of extra-uterine gestation in which the product of con- ception is developed in the abdominal cavity. G., Double. I . Twin pregnancy. 2. The coexistence of uterine and extra-uterine pregnancy. G., Ectopic. Same as G., Extra-uterine. G., Extra-uterine, pregnancy in which the product of conception is not contained in the uterine cavity. G., Dorsal, the hatching of eggs on the back, as occurs in certain batrachians, e. g. , the Surinam toad. G., Mammary or Pouch, the completion of growth in a pouch, as in marsupials. G., Oral, applied to the hatching of eggs in the mouth, as occurs in some fishes. Geum {Je'-um). See A-vens. Gheel System [gel sis' -tem) [from Gheel, a town in Belgium]. The colony-plan of housing, boarding, and treating the insane, which prevails at Gheel, in Belgium. Giacomi's Method. A method of staining the bacil- lus of syphilis. See Stains, Table of. Giacomini's Method of Preserving the Brain. Im- merse the brain in a saturated solution of chlorid of zinc ; turn several times daily and inject 6oo grms. of the liquid through the carotids. Remove the mem- branes in 48 hours. Allow the brain to remain in the solution until it begins to sink, then immerse in alcohol for 10 days. Immerse in glycerin until it sinks ; remove, allow to dry, and varnish. Giampetro-Lowenberg Method. A method of intro- ducing the Eustachian catheter. The catheter is passed into-the pharynx, and the beak is then turned toward the opposite tube and the catheter' withdrawn until it catches on the posterior edge of the septum narimn, when it is rotated in the opposite direction through an arc of at least 180° into the tube which it is desired to catheterize. Giant [ji'-ant) [ycya^, large or ponderous]. An adult of a species excessively developed in stature and pro- portions. G.-cell. See Cell. G. Pelvis. See Pelvis, Female, Deformities of. G. -powder. See Dualin. G. -swelling. See Angio-neurotic Edema and Urtica- ria tuberosa. G. Urticaria. See Urticaria cedema- tosa. Giantism (ji' -an-tizni) [j'i'yaf, large]. Excessive over- growth ; the quality of being gigantic. Gigantism. GIANUZZI, CELLS OF 516 GIZZARD Gianuzzi, Cells or Crescents of. Granular protoplas- mic cells found in mucous glands between the mucous cells and the basement-membrane ; they play an im- portant part in the functional activity of the gland. They are also called demilune cells. See Cell. Gibbes' Method. A method of staining tubercle-bacilli. See Stains, Table of. Gibbon's Hydrocele. See Diseases, Table of. Gibbositas ( gib-os' -it-as) [L. ] . Gibbosity ; the con- dition of being a hunchback. Gibbosity {^gib-os' -it-e) [gibber, a hunch, a hump]. In biology, a hump or irregular protuberance. Gibbous (gib' -us) \_gibber, hunched]. Swollen, con- vex, protuberant, especially upon one side. Gibert's Pitjrriasis. See Diseases, Table of. G.'s Syrup. See Hydrargyrum. Giblets (jib' -lets') [OF. , gibelet, giblets'^ . The entrails of fowl. Gibraltar Fever. Synonym of Yellow Fever and of Mediterranean Fever. Gibson's Bandage. See Bandage. Gid (^'i^) \)AY,., gidie, dizzy]. Staggers in sheep, a disease caused by a cystic worm in the brain, formerly called Ccen-urus cerebralis, q. u. See under Parasites (Animal), Table of . Giddiness ( ^■(/■'-^-«ei) [ME. ,^z'£/z>, dizzy]. A sensa- tion of whirling or unsteadiness of the body, usually accompanied by more or less nausea. See Gid. Giesbrecht's Method. A method of mounting serial sections. Make a solution of brown shellac in alco- hol ; filter and paint on warmed slides ; allow to dry. Over this paint a thin layer of creasote and put the sections in place. Then heat the slide on a water-bath for fifteen minutes at the melting-point of paraffin. Allow to cool ; dissolve the paraffin in turpentine ; mount in balsam. The tissue must have been stained en masse before embedding. Gigantism (ji-gan' -tizni) [jiyag, giant]. Abnormally exaggerated size ; excessive overgrowth ; great hyper- trophy or auxesis. Giantism. Gigantoblast (ji-gan' -to-blast) \yiya^, giant; ^'AatjTdf, a germ]. A large germ said to exist in the blood in cases of pernicious anemia. It somewhat resembles the larger megalocyte. Giganto-cellular (ji-gan' -to' -sel' -u-lar) \yiya^, giant; cella, cell]. Characterized by giant-cells ; as Gigantq- cellular Endothelioma. Gigartina (jig-ar-tV -nah) [L.]. A genus of sea- weeds, several species of which are used in the same way as Carragheen, for human food. Some of the agar-agar of commerce is believed to be the product of plants of this genus. Gigerium (ji-je'-re-um) [gigeria, the entrails of poul- try]. In biology, the gizzard of birds, or the thickened muscular portion of the stomach in certain mammals. See Gizzard. Gigger (jig'-er). See Pulex. Gila monster. See Heloderma. Gill(^7) [ME., gile,gylle,a.gi\l']. One of the respira- tory organs of such animals as breathe the air that is mixed with water. The gills first appear in the Foly- ehceta. Cf. Branchice. G. -hearts, contractile expan- sions, with but a single cavity, at the base of the blood-vessels conducting the blood to the branchias in the higher Crustacea. Gillenia (jil-e'-ne-ah ) [after Dr. Arnold Gill, a Ger- man botanist]. A genus of rosaceous herbs. G. stipulacea (Bowman's root, Indian physic) and G. trifoliata, both of N. America, are good, safe, and ef- fective substitutes for ipecac. Unof. Gillenin (jil'-en-in) [after Dr. Gill, a German botan- ist]. The active principle of American Ipecac. It is a bitter, slightly odorous, permanent powder with emetic properties. Gimbernat's Ligament. See Ligament. Gin (jin) [ME., gynypre, juniper]. Common grain- spirit distilled and aromatized with juniper-berries. The finest gin, known as " Holland," is made in the distilleries of Schiedam, whence also the name " Schiedam Schnapps." ?>ee Spiritus juniperi. G.- drinker's Liver. See Cirrhosis, and Hobnail Liver. G.-liver. See Cirrhosis. Gingelly Oil (jin-jel'-e oil). See Sesami, Oleum. Ginger (jin'-jer). See Zingiber. Gingiva (jin-jiv'-ah) [L. " t\ie gum :'" pi. , Gingivce'\. The vascular tissue surrounding the necks of the teeth and covering the alveoli. Gingival (jin'-jiv-al) [gingiva, the gum]. Pertaining to the gums. G. Line, a blue or purplish line along the gums where they meet the teeth, indicative of chronic lead-poisoning; also, the reddish line on the gums sometimes seen in tuberculosis, etc. G. Margin, the line or edge of the gums where they meet the teeth ; the free edge of the gums. Gingivalgia (jin-jiv-al'-je-ah) [gingiva, gum; akyoq, pain]. Neuralgia of the gums. Gingivitis (jin-jiv-i' -tis) [gingiva, the gums ; ltiq, in- flammation]. Ulitis ; inflammation of the gums. G., Expulsive, osteo-periostitis of a tooth, which is gradually expelled from its socket. Gingko (ging'-ko) [Jap.]. A genus of taxaceous trees. G. biloba, a native of Eastern Asia, is now common in the U. S. Its edible seeds are astringent and are said to restrain or to slow the secretion of urine. Unof. Ginglymoid (ging' -glim-oid) [ylyy'kvfio^, a hinge ; eidof , likeness]. Resembling a hinge-joint. Ginglytnus (ging'-glim-us). See Diarthrosis. Ginseng (jin' -seng) [Chinese, y/^x/jcK, ginseng]. The fleshy root of several species of Panax or Aralia. A. ginseng, of Eastern Asia, and A. quinquefolia, of the U. S. , are the best-known species. Ginseng is an aro- matic bitter with tonic properties. Unof. Giraffe, Girafy (jir-af , -af'-e). See Endemic Colic and Giraldensian Organ or Organ of Giraldes. The par- epididymis. It is composed of a number of flat, white bodies, each of which consists of a collection of tubes blind at each end. It is situated at the posterior portion of the epididymis, between the head and the vas deferens. Girdle (gir'-dt) [ME. , girdel, a waistband]. Any band designed to go around the body. G., Emphy- sematous. See Emphysema. G., Neptune's, an abdominal bandage used in applying the wet-pack. G.-pain, a sensation as if a girdle were drawn tightly around the body. When not hysteric, it is charac- teristic of disease of the myelon, or of the nerve- roots. G., Pelvic, the bones (or cartilages) forming the support for the lower limbs of vertebrates. In mammals they consist of the ilia, ischia, and os pubes. G.-sensation. Same as G.-pain. G., Shoulder, the system of bones designed for the support of the upper limbs or arms. In man, the scapulae and clavi- cles compose this structure. Girgensohn's Method. A method of removing pro- teids from a liquid. Mix the solution with half its volume of a solution of common salt ; add tannin in slight excess, and the proteids will be entirely precipi- tated. Girmir (gir'-mir\ [Arab]. Tartar of the teeth. Girofl6 (jir-o-fla'). See Pigments, Conspectus of. G\zza.Td.(giz'-ard)[OY.,gesier ; L,., gigerium']. The strong muscular stomach of birds ; also, the corre- GLABELLA 517 GLAND spending organ at the pylorus of certain mammals. G.- skin, the lining membrane of a gizzard. Pigeons' gizzard-skins, dried and triturated, are a popular remedy for dyspepsia. See Ingluvin. Glaibe\la.(^gla-de/^-ak) [dim. of ^/ai^^;-, smooth] . The triangular space between the eyebrows. See Cranio- metric Points. Glabellad {^gla-bel'-ad) [dim. of ^/afc/-, smooth ; ad, to]. Toward the glabellar aspect of the head. Glabellar {^gla-bel' -ar) [dim. of glaber, smooth ; ad, to]. Pertaining to the glabella. Glabellen ( ^/fl-fc/'-(?«) [dim. of ^/aiJ^?-, smooth]. Be- longing to the glabella in itself. Glabello-inial [gla-liel'-o-in'-e-al) [dim. of glaber, smooth; Ivlov, the nape of the neck]. Included between the glabellum to the inion. Glabello-obeliac [gla-bel' -o-o-be' -le-ak) [dim. oiglaber, smooth ; oBeUq, a spit] . Included between the glabella to the obelion. Glabello-occipital {gJa-bel'-o-ok-sip'-it-al) [dim. of glaber, smooth ; occiput, the occiput]. Included be- tween the glabellum to the occiput. Glabellum \gla-bel' -urn) [glaber, smooth]. Same as Glabella. Glabrate [gla'-brat) \_glabrare, to make smooth]. In biology, becoming or tending to smoothness or bald- ness. Glabrous [gla'-brus) [glaber, smooth]. Smooth. In biology, destitute of hairs or down . Glacial [gla'-she-al) [glacies, ice]. Icy; resembling ice in appearance, as glacial acetic or phosphoric acid. G. Phosphgric-acid Test. See Tests, Table of. Glacialin [gla-she-a'-lin) [glacies, ice]. An antiseptic substance used for the preservation of foods. It con- sists of borax, boric acid, sugar, and glycerin. Glaciation i^gla- she-a' -shun) [glacies, ice]. A condi- tion like that of ice ; erosive effect like that of moving ice. Gladiate [glad'-e-St) [gladius, a sword]. In biology, ensiform, or sword-shaped. Gladiolin [glad-i'-o-lin) [gladius, a sword. An alka- loid from brain-tissue. Gladiolus (^/a(/-^-o''-/«i) [dim. oi gladius, a sword]. I. The middle or second piece of the sternum. 2. A genus of iridaceous flowering-plants. G. segetum, of Europe, is said to be aphrodisiac and emmenagogue. Unof Glair [glar) [ME., glayre, the white of egg]. The white of egg ; any thin, viscous substance, as a rau- cous discharge. Glairidin [ gldr^ -id-in). Same as Glairin. Glairin {glar' -in) [ME., glayre, the white of egg]. A peculiar organic, gelatinous substance found on the surface of some thermal waters. It is also called baregin, plombierin, zoogene, glairidin, sulphurain, and noidin. See Baregin. Glairy [glai''-e) [glayre, the white of egg]. Slimy; also, albuminous. Glaisher's Factors. A table of figures for calculating the dew-point. Glama [gla'-mah) [L.]. Lippitudo. An accumula- tion of gummy or hard material at the inner canthus of the eye ; the material so accumulated. Gland [glans, an acorn]. A name given to numer- ous bodies or organs of the body, both secretive and excretive in function, withdrawing from the blood material for other purposes, or that is injurious or of no use to the economy. In structure they may be simple, saccular, or- tubular. Also, the bulb- ous end of the penis and clitoris. G., Abdominal Salivary, a term for the pancreas. G., Absorbent. See G., Lymphatic. G., Accessory Lachrymal. See G. of Krause. G., Accessory Lactiferous. See G. of Montgomery. G., Accessory (of Pan- creas). See G., Brunner's. G., Accessory (of Parotid). See Soda parotidis. G., Accessory (of Rosenmiiller). ^cf: G . , Rosenmiiller' s . G., Acces- sory Supra-renal, a small gland sometimes connected with and resembling the .supra-renal capsules. G., Accessory Thyroid, a small mass of gland-tissue con- nected with the thyroid gland. G., Acinose, one com- posed of acini. G., Acinous. S&e G ., Racemose. G., Aggregate. See G. , Cowper's. G., Aggregated (of Bruch), a number of follicles in the conjunctiva, at the palpebro-sclerotic reflection. G., Agminated. See G., Beyer's. G., Albumin, in C?j/'o(&, the gland that secretes the albuminous coating of the ovum. G., Anal, a lymphatic and odoriferous gland situ- ated near the anus. G., Angular. See G., Sub- maxillary. G., Anomalous. See G., Ductless. G., Anteprostatic. See G., Cowper's. G., Aporic. See G., Ductless. G.-area, the depressed area, from the alveolar epithelium of which the mammary gland is developed. G., Arterial, one of a number of small gland-like bodies connected with the arterial system. G., Arytenoid, a small muciparous gland in front of the^ arytenoid cartilage. G., Atrabiliary, an old name for the Supra-renal Capsule. G., Auricular, Anterior, a lymph-gland anterior to the external auditory meatus. G., Auricular, Posterior. See G., Subauricular. G., Axillary, one of the lymph-glands situated in the axilla. G. of Bartholin. I. A small gland on either side of the vagina, opening through a duct, on the inner side of the nympha. 2. See G., Sublingual. G., Bauhin's. See G., Nuhn's. G. of Benham. See G., Lophophoral. G., Blan- din's. See G., Nuhn's. G., Blind. See G., Duct- less. G., Blood. See G., Hematopoietic. G., Blood-vascular. See G., Hematopoietic. G. of Boerhaave. S&e G., Miliary. G., Bowman's, one of the tubular glands of the olfactory region. G., Brachial, one of the lymph-glands of the arm and the fore-arm. G., Branchio-tympanic. See G., Tym- panic. G., Bronchial. I . One of the lymph-glands of the bronchi and root of the trachea. 2. See C, Thyroid. G. of Bruch. See G., Aggregated. G., Brunner's, one of the granular racemose bodies found in the wall of the duodenum. G., Buccal, one of the glands between the buccinator muscle (of the cheek) and the adjacent mucous membrane. G., Buccal, Inferior. See G., Molar. G., Bulbo-cavernous. See G., Cowper's. G., Bulbo-urethral. See G., Cowper's. G., Byssus. See G., Byssys. G., Byssys, in Lamellibranchiata, a gUnd near the foot, secreting the substance that forms the byssus. G., Calcifer- ous, in the earth-worm one of several pairs of lateral glandular bodies in the esophagus whose function it is to secrete a calcareous substance. G., Camphor, one of the camphor-secreting glands of the camphor- tree. G., Cardiac, one of the acinous glands in the mucosa at the distal extremity of the esophagus. G., Cardiac Gastric. See G., Oxyntic. G., Cardiac Lymphatic. See G., Mediastinal, Superior. G., Carotic. See G., Intercarotid. G., Carotid. See G., Intercarotid. G., Cecal, one of the lymph- glands around the cecum. G., Celiac, one of the lymph-glands on the abdominal aorta, above the supe- rior mesenteric artery. G., Cement. I. One of certain glands in insects whose function it is to secrete the sebum that surrounds the ova prior to their dis- charge. 2. In Cimpedia, one of the glands in the antennae secreting a sticky substance. G., Cerumi- niparous. See G. , Ceruminous. G., Ceruminous, one of the convolute glands secreting the cerumen of GLAND 518 GLAND (he ear. G., Cervical, one of the lymph-glands of the neck; these are also called cervical ganglia. G., Cervical, Deep, one of the lymph-glands contained in two groups, superior and inferior, that are deeply- seated in the neck. They empty into the right lymph- atic duct, through the jugular lymphatic. G., Cervical, Inferior, Deep, the lower group of deep cervical glands in the supra-clavicular fossa. G., Cervical, Middle, one of the lymph-glands in the neck, corre- sponding to the lower portion of the larynx. G., Cervical, Posterior, any one of the deep lymph- glands situated along the anterior border of the trapezius muscle on either side of the neck. Enlarge- ment of these glands is one of the earUest evidences of the secondary stage of syphilis. G., Cervical, Superficial, one of the superficial lymph-glands in the upper anterior portion of the neck. G., Cervical, Superior, Deep, the upper of the deep cervical lymph-glands, near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. G., Cervical, Upper, Deep. See G., Cervical, Superior, Deep. G., Choroid, in certain Teleosiei, a vascular plexus around the optic nerve. G., Choroideal. See G., Choroid. G., Circumanal. &ee G., Anal. G., Closed. See G., Ductless. G., Coccygeal (or Luschka's). 1. A small arterial gland on the top of the coccyx, ventrally. 2. See G. , Uro- fygial. G., Colic. '6s& Crypts of Lieberkilhn. G., Colleterial. See Colleterium. G., Compound, one In which the secreting surface is contained in numbers of small pouches. A gland whose duct is branched. G., Concatenate. See G., Cervical, Deep. G., Conglobate. See G., Lymphatic. G., Conglomer- ate. ^e.& G., Racemose. G., Congregate. SeeC. , Peyer's. G., Coniferous, an old name for the dis- coid tracings in the wood-cells of gymnosperms. G., Convoluted, a tubular gland with a highly convoluted blind termination. G., Cowper's (or Merv's), in the male, one of two small acinous glands, situated be- tween the two layers of the triangular ligament, ante- riorly to the prostate gland. G., Cowperian. Seed., Cowper's. G., Cubital, one of the lymph-glands of [he elbow. G., Cubital, Deep, any one of the deep lymph-glands around the elbow-joint. G., Cubital, Superficial, any one of the lymph-glands situated over the inner condyle of the humerus in the subcu- taneous connective tissue. G., Cutaneous, any one of the various glands of the skin. They include the hair, sudoriparous and sebaceous glands. G., Cy- athiform, in biology, small, fleshy, cup-like glands, se- creting a viscid fluid. G., Decidual, any one of the glands of the decidua. G., Dental (of Serres), one of the small, white epithelial bodies on the mucous membrane of the jaw, over the point of emergence of the teeth. G., Diapnogenous. See G., Sudorip- arous. G., Digestive, in biology, one of certain glands situated on the leaves or other portions of some insectivorous plants ; they secrete a fluid capable of digesting albuminoid substances. G., Dorsal. See G., Scapular. G., Ductless, a gland without a duct. G., Duodenal. I. See G.; Brunner's. 2. One of the lymph-glands of the duodenal mesentery. G., Du- verney's. See G. of Bartholin. G., Ebner's, one of the acinous glands of the tongue situated in the region of the circumvallate papillte. G., Enteric. See Crypts of Lieberkiihn. G., Epiglottic, one of the muciparous glands about the posterior surface of the epiglottis. G., Esophageal, one of the acinous lymph-glands under the mucous membrane of the esophagus. G., Excretory, one of the glands that secrete the excrementitious matters of the body. G. , External, in botany, one of the glands on the outer surface of a plant-organ. G., Facial, one of the lymph-glands of the face. G., Facial, Deep, one of the lymph-glands beneath the buccinator muscle. G. Facial, Superficial. See G., Auricular, Anterior. G., Femoral. See G.,Jnguinal. G. -fever, an infec- tious constitutional disorder characterized by rapid and painful enlargement of the cervical lymphatic glands, with considerable elevation of temperature. G., Floral. See G., Nectariferous. G., Follicular, one consisting of or beginning in follicles. G., Fol- licular [of the tottgue), one of the lymph-glands in the mucous membrane at the base of the tongue. G., Fundus. See G. , Oxyntic. G. of Galeati. See Crypts of Lieberkuhn. G., Gastric, any one of the glands of the stomach, tubular or peptic. Those lining the fundus of the stomach are the true pepsin- secreting glands. G., Gastro-epiploic, Inferior, one of the lymph-glands surrounding the greater curvature of the stomach. G., Gastro-epiploic, Superior, one of the lymph-glands in the gastro- phrenic ligament. G., Genal. See G., Buccal. G., Genital. See G., Sexual. G., Globate. See G., Lymphatic. G., Globular [of Mirbel), in biology, one of the spheric glands forming a pulverulent surface upon the calyx, corolla and anthers of many labiate plants. G., Glomerate. See G., Racemose. G., Green, in Crustacea, a gland on the side of the ante- rior portion of the body. Its duct opens on a cervical eminence, just below the antenna. G., Guerin's. See G., Skene's. G. of Guettard. See G.. Miliary. G., Guttural. See G., Pharyngeal. G., Hair, the sebaceous gland of a hair-follicle. G., Harder's. See G., Harderian. G., Harderian, a small gland in the nictitating membrane of many of the lower animals. G. of Havers (also called synovial fringe), one of the fatty bodies lying behind the highly vascu- lar fringe-processes that project from a synovial mem- brane into the cavity of a joint ; these were formerly believed to be the glands that secreted the synovia. G., Haversian. See G. of Havers. G., Hemat- opoietic, any one of the glands that are supposed to take part in the formation of the blood, as the spleen, thymus, supra-renal capsules, etc. G. of Henle. See G., Aggregated [of Bruch). G., Hepatic, one of the lymph-glands in the ligaments around the liver. G., Hermaphrodite, in hermaphroditic animals, a gland answering both as ovary and testicle. G., Hibernating, in hibernating animals, one of the masses of fatty tissue, supposed to aid in sustaining life during hibernation. G., Honey-comb. See G., Peyer's. G., Hydrophorous. See G., Sudorip- arous. G., Hypogastric. See G., Iliac, Internal. G., Iliac, Anterior, one of the lymph-glands anterior to the iliac arteries, and situated between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the femoral ring. They receive the lymphatic and efferent vessels of the inguinal glands. G., Iliac, External. See G., Iliac, Ante- rior. G., Iliac, Internal, one of the lymph-glands in the course of the hypogastric artery and vein. G., Iliac, Superior, one of the lymph-glands near the crest of the ilium. G., Infraclavicular, one of the small lymph glands situated below the clavicle, be- tween the deltoid and pectoral muscles. G., Inguinal, Deep, one of the lymph-glands in the crural ring, around the femoral artery and vein. G., Inguinal, Superficial, one of the lymph-glands in the superficial fascia just above Poupart's ligment. G., Infundibu- lar, the infundibulum of the brain. G., Intercarot- id, a minute body of glandular structure, of unknown function, situated at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. G., Intercellular, one of the multi- cellular vegetable glands, supplying the walls between the cells. G., Intercostal, one of the lymph-glands GLAND 519 GLAND in the posterior portion of the intercostal spaces. G., Internal, in botany, a gland below the surface of a plant-organ. G., Interocular, in comparative anat- omy, the ectocranial portion of the epiphysis cerebri. It is regarded as the rudiment of the third eye. G., Interungulate, in sheep, a muciparous gland between the hoofs. G., Intestinal, Solitary, one of a num- ber of peculiar white isolated lymph-glands distributed through the intestinal mucous membrane. G., Jugu- lar, Inferior. See G., Cervical, Deep. G. , Jugular, Superficial. See G., Cervical, Superficial. G., Jugular, Superior. See G., Cervical, Superior, Deep. G. of KolUker. See G. , Bowman's. G. of Krause, one of a number of acinous glands in the orbital portion of the conjunctiva. G., Labial, one of several racemose glands near the edges of the lips. G., Lachrymal, a compound racemose gland in the upper and outer portions of the orbit, whose function it is to secrete the tears. G., Lachrymal, Inferior, the lower portion of the lachrymal gland. G., Lachrymal,- Superior, the upper portion of the lachrymal gland. G., Lactiferous. See G. , Mam- mary. G., Laryngeal, Anterior, Posterior, one of the acinous lymph-glands in the laryngeal mucous membrane. G., Lateral, in Cestodes, one of the glands situated on either side of the uterus. G., Lenticular. I. In botany, one of the oily or fatty glands found in plants. 2. One of the conglobate glands in the mucous membrane of the stomach. G. of Lieberkiihn. See Lieberkiihn, Crypts of. G., Lingual, Anterior. See G., Nuhn's. G., Lingual, Lateral, one of the acinous glands at the edge of the tongue. G., Lingual, Lymphatic, one of two or three glands on the outer surface of the hyoglossus muscle. G., Lingual, Posterior, one of the acinous lymph- glands on the dorsum lingua near the foramen cecum. G. of Littre (or of Morgagni), one of the small race- mose muciparous glands in the mucous membrane of the cavernous portion of the urethra. G., Lobulated. See G. , Racemose. G., Lophophoral (of Benham) , in biology, a border of glandular tissue, surrounding the lophophore. G., Lumbar, one of a number of lymph-glands, situated in the lumbar region, behind the peritoneum. G., Luschka's. See G., Coc- cygeal. G., Lymph. See G. , Lymphatic. G., Lymphatic, a small oval mass of lymphoid tissue in the course of a lymphatic vessel. There are supposed to be between 500 and 600 in man. The chyle and lymph pass through them to the blood. G., Lymphat- ic, Solitary, i. A simple isolated lymph-gland. 2. See G., Intestinal, Solitary. G., Mammary, one of the glands, in mammals, that secrete milk. G., Mas- toid. See G., Subauricular. G., Maxillary, In- ternal. See G., Facial, Deep. G., Mediastinal, one of the lymph-glands in the mediastinum. G., Mediastinal, Anterior, one of several small lymph- glands in the lower portion of the anterior mediasti- num. G., Mediastinal, Posterior, one of the lymph- glands in the posterior mediastinum surrounding the esophagus and thoracic aorta. G., Mediastinal, Superior, one of the lymph-glands in the upper por- tion of the mediastinum. G., Meibomian, one of the minute sebaceous follicles between the cartilage and conjunctiva of the eyelids. G. of Meibomius. See G., Meibomian. G., Mery's. See G., Cow- per's. G., Mesenteric, one of the lymph-glands of the mesentery. G., Meseraic. Siee G., Mesenteric. G., Mesocolic, one of the lymph-glands in the mes- entery of the colon. G., Miliary. I. (of Boer- haave) any one of the sudoriparous glands. 2. (of Mirbel) in biology, one of the minute granules on the green parts of plants. 3. (of Guettard) a stoma. G. of Mirbel. See G. , Miliary, and G. , Globular. G., Molar, one of the large buccal glands situated near the molar teeth, between the masseter and bucci- nator muscles of the cheek. G., Moll's, one of the modified sweat-glands on the free margin of the eye- lids opening into the hair- follicles of the eyelashes. G., Montgomery's, one of the microscopic sebace- ous glands of the areola of the breast. G. of Mor- gagni. See G. of LittrL G., Moriform. See G., Racemose. G., Morrenian, in biology, one of cer- tain glands of worms, as the earth-worm, whose func- tion is that of assimilation. G., Mucilaginous, a name given to one of the fringed processes of synovial membranes. See G ., Haversian. G., Muciparous. See G., Mucous. G., Mucous, one of the glands in mucous membranes, secreting mucus. G., Mucous, Salivary, a salivary gland mainly secreting mucus. G., Mushroom-shaped, a peculiar accessory male genital organ in certain insects, probably the analogue of the seminal vesicle. G., Musk, the glandular structure in certain animals secreting musk. G. of Naboth (also called follicle of Naboth) , a pathologic vesicle in the mucous membrane of the uterine cer- vical canal. G., Nabothian. See G. of Naboth. G., Nasal. I. See G., Supra-orbital. 2. [of Rath/ee). 'ae.e. Jacobson's Organ. G., Nasal, Exter- nal, in birds, a gland in the frontal or nasal bone emptying into the nasal cavities. G., Nectar. See G., Nectariferous. G., Nectariferous, in biology, a gland secreting honey or nectar. G., Nerve, the supra-renal capsule. G., Nervous (of the pelvis). See G., Coccygeal. G., Nidamental, in biology, a gland secreting a peculiar viscid material that invests the ova. G., Nuck's. See G., Nuhn's. G., Nuhn's, one of the acinous glands near the apex of the tongue. They are also called Nuck's, Bauhin's, and Blondin's glands. G., Occipital, one of the lymph-glands situ- ated over the occipital insertion of the trapezius. G., Odoriferous, one of the glands secreting odoriferous substances, as behind the cervix of the penis, secret- ing the smegma. G., Oil. See G. , Sebaceous. G., Oviducal, in Elasmobranchia, a gland connected with the oviduct. G., Oxyntic, one of the glands of the cardiac region of the stomach, supposed to secrete the acid of the gastric juice. G. of Pacchioni. See Pacchionian Bodies. G., Pacchionian. See Pac- chionian Bodies. G., Palatal. See G., Palatine. G., Palatine, a small acinous gland that with others forms a continuous layer beneath the mucous membrane of the hard and soft palate. G., Palpebral. See G., Meibomian. G., Pancreatico-splenic, one of the lymph-glands following the course of the splenic artery and vein. G., Papillary, in biology, a papilla-like gland on the under surface of a leaf of labiate plants. G., Parotic. See G. , Parotid. G., Parotid, a large salivary gland situated in front of the ear. G., Parotid, Lymphatic. See G. , Auricular, An- terior. G. of Pecklin. See G., Peyer's. G., Pec- toral, one of the lymph-glands on the lower portion of the pectoralis major muscle. G., Pepsin. See G., Oxyntic. G., Peptic. See G., Oxyntic. G., Perspiratory. See G., Sudoriparous. G., Petiolar, in botany, a gum-secreting gland occurring on the petiole. G., Peyer's, one of a number of lymph- follicles of the bowel occurring mainly in the ileum. They are especially involved in typhoid fever. G., Peyerian. See G., Peyer's. G., Pharyngeal, one of the racemose glands in the pharyngeal mucous membrane. G., Phrenic, one of the lymph-glands in the lower portion of the anterior mediastinum. G., Pilous. See G., Hair. G., Pineal. See Pineal Gland. G., Pituitary, a term for the hypophysis of GLAND 520 GLANDERS the brain. See Pituitary Body. G., Plexiform. See G., Peyer's. G., Poison, a gland in venomous insects and snakes that secretes the poisonous sub- stance. G., Popliteal, one of the lymph-glands sur- rounding the popliteal vessels. G., Precrural, in com- parative anatomy, one of the lymph-glands following the course of the nervus circumflex ilii. Q., Prehyoid, an accessory thyroid gland above the hyoid bone. G. , Prelaryngeal, a lymph-gland on the crico-thyroid membrane, between the crico-thyroid muscles. G., Prepectoral, in comparative anatomy one of the lymph-glands surrounding the lower portion of the jug- ular vein. G., Preputial. See G., Tyson's. G., Pre- scapular, in comparative anatomy, one of the lymph- glands situated beneath the elevator humeri muscle. G., Prostate. See Prostate Gland. G., Prostatic. See Prostate Gland. G., Pulmonary, one of the lymph- glands in the pulmonary substance. G., Purple, in Gasteropoda, one of the glands secreting the so-called Tyrian purple. G., Pyloric, one of the glands of the stomach mainly situated near the pylorus and se- creting the gastric juice. G., Racemose, a compound follicular gland resembling a bunch of grapes. It is composed of a number of acini with a single excretory duct. G. of Rathke. See G., Nasal. G., Renal, the suprarenal capsule. G., Reticulate, a lymph- gland containing reticular tissue. G., Retroperito- neal, one of the lymph-glands behind the peritoneum. G., Rivini's. See G., Sublingual. G., Rosenmul- ler's. I. The inferior lachrymal gland [accessory of Rosenmiiller). It is the fore part of the lachrymal gland, which is separated from the rest of the gland by a fibrous septum. It is also called the palpebral portion of the lachrymal gland. 2. The lymph-gland situated in the crural ring. G., Saccular, a gland formed by a sacculation of a mucous or serous mem- brane. G., Sacral, one of the lymph-glands on the anterior face of the sacrum. G., Salival. See G., Salivary. G., Salivary, a gland whose function it is to secrete saliva. G., Salivary, External. See G., Parotid. G., Scapular, one of the lymph-glands near the axillary border of the scapula. G., Scent. See G., Odoriferous. G., Sebaceous. I. One of the minute saccular glands in the corium of the skin, se- creting sebum. 2. See G., Cement. G., Sebiferous. See G., Sebaceous. G., Sebiparous. See G., Seba- ceous. G., Secreting. See G., Secretdry. G., Secretory, any gland of the body yielding a secretion. It is an arrangement of cells by which certain ele- ments are separated from the blood that circulates in the capillary vessels which are in contact with the cells. G., Seminal, the testicle. G., Septal, in biology, one of the secreting glands in the septa be- tween the loculi of the ovaries of liliaceous plants. G., Serous. See G., Albuminous. G., Serous, Salivary, one of those salivary glands the secretion of which contains a characteristic albuminous substance, with little or no mucin. G. of Serres. See G., Dental. G., Sexual, the ovary or testis. G., Sim- ple, a gland composed of but one secreting sac, with a single and unbranched tube. G. , Skene's, one of the two mucous glands just within the meatus urina- rius of the female ; they are frequently the seat of latent gonorrhea. G., Solitary, one of the glands scattered through the mucous membrane of the small intestine. G., Spinning, one of the tubular glands near the anal or oral orifice of certain spiders and other insects ; It secretes a viscid material that hardens on exposure to the air. G., Stalked, in botany, a gland situated upon a stalk. G., Staphyl- ine. See G., Palatine. G., Sternal, one of the lymph-glands on the upper costal cartilages, near the sternum. Q., Subauricular, one of the lymph-glands situated below and behind the ear. G., Sub-caudal, a gland located near the base of the tail, the secretion from which yields the peculiar penetrating odor of the fox and other animals. G., Subconjunctival. See G.y Meibomian. G., Sublingual, the smallest of the salivary glands. There is one on either side be- neath the tongue. G., Submaxillary, a large sali- vary gland situated in the submaxillary triangle. G., Submaxillary Lymphatic, one of the lymph-glands in the submaxillary triangle. G., Suboccipital, See G., Occipital. G., Substernal. Het G., Sternal. G., Suburethral. Same as G. of Cowper. G., Su- doriferous. See G., Sudoriparous. G., Sudorip- arous, one of the peculiarly convoluted glands in the subcutaneous connective tissue that secrete the sweat. G., Supraclavicular. See G., Cervical, Inferior, Deep. G., Supra-hyoid, one of the small lymph-glands between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles. G., Supra-orbital, in biology, a gland in the orbit of birds communicating with the nasal passages. G., Suprarenal, the suprarenal cap- sules. G., Sweat. See G., Sudoriparous. G., Tarsal. See G. , Meibomian. G., Tarso-conjunc- tival. See G., Meibomian. G., Tartar, one of the hypothetic glands thought to secrete the tartar of the teeth. G., Temporary, the name occasionally given to the Graafian follicle. G., Thoracic, Deep, one of the lymph-glands situated on the outer surface of the serratus magnus muscle. G., Thoracic, Super- ficial. See G., Pectoral. G., Thymus, a tempo- rary organ lying mainly in the neck, attaining its full growth at two years and practically disappearing at puberty. G. , Thyroid, a ductless lobulated gland situated in the lower middle ventral portion of the neck, in front of the trachea and below the thyroid cartilage. G., Tibial, Anterior, a, lymph-gland on the anterior surface of the interosseous ligament of the leg. G., Tracheal, one of the minute ovoid acinous glands in the tracheal mucous membrane, especially on its posterior surface. G., Trachoma [of Henle). See G., Aggregated (of Bruch). G., Tubular, a gland composed mainly of a tube-like structure. G., Tubular, Compound, one composed of a number of small tubules with a single duct. G., Tympanic, a swelling upon the tympanic nerve, situated near or within the tympanic canal, and believed to be of the same nature as the coccygeal gland. G., Tyson's, one of the sebaceous glands on the corona of the glans penis and on the prepuce. See G. , Odorifer- ous. G., Urethral. See G. of Littri and G., Skene's. G., Uropygial, the oil-secreting gland sit- uated over the coccyx of birds. G., Uterine, one of numerous tubular follicles in the uterine mucous membrane, secreting the so-called uterine milk. G., Utricular. I. In biology, one of the spaces in the epidermis filled with a colorless fluid. 2. See G. , Uterine. G., Vaginal, one of the acinous glands in the vaginal mucous membrane. G., Venenific. See G., Poison. G., Veneniparous. See G., Poison. G., Vesalius's, one of the pulmonary and bronchial mucous glands. G., Vesicular. See G., Utricular [ist def). G., Vulvo-vaginal. See G. of Bartho- lin. G., Wax, in insects, one of the glands of the surface secreting a wax-like material. G., Weber's, one of the tubular mucous glands of the tongue situated chiefly near the root. G., Yolk, the vitellarium, y. v. G., Zeiss's, one of the sebaceous glands of the eye- lashes. G., Zygomatic. See G. , Auricular, Anterior. Glanderous ( glan' -der-us) , or G\a.r).A.GTy [glan'-der-e) \_glandula, a gland]. AiTected with glanders. Glanders (glan'-dens). A contagious disease of horses, GLANDILEMMA 521 GLEOGENE sometimes communicated to man. For staining the microorganism of glanders see Schutz's Method, Kukne's Method, or Lceffler's Method, under Stains, Table of. See Kquinia, Glandilemma [glan-dil-em' -ah) \_glans, gland; Tii/nfm, husk]. The capsular covering of a gland. Glandula (gland' -u-tah) [L. : pi, Glandulie^. A little gland. Glandular {gland' -u-lar) [glandula, a gland]. Re- lating to, or of the nature of, a gland. G. Hypertro- phy, a term used to indicate an enlargement of a lymph-gland, without any appreciable cause. G. Pes- tilence, synonym of the Plague, q. v. G. Plague, synonym of the Plague, q. v. Glandu\e{gland'-ul)'[glandula,3.gleiad']. A small gland. Glandulin [gland' -u-lin) \_glanJula, a gland]. Ex- tract of gland-tissue. Glans {glanz) [glans, a corn], i. The head of the penis or of the clitoris. 2. A gland; an enlarged gland. 3. A suppository or pessary. 4. In botany, a nut. The name applied to fruits like the filbert, acorn, chestnut, etc. G. clitoridis, the small round tubercle of the clitoris analogous to the glans penis of the male. G. penis, the conical-shaped body form- ing the head of the penis. Glareose [gldr'-e-oz) [glarea, gravel]. In botany, growing in gravel. Glaser's Fissure. See Fissure. Glaserian Artery. See Arteries, Table of. G. Fissure. See Fissure. Glaserius, Fissure of. See Fissure. Glasgow Committee. See Anesthetic. Glass (^/of) [ME., ^/rti, glass]. A brittle, hard, and transparent substance consisting usually of the fused, amorphous silicates of potassium and calcium, or sodium and calcium, with an excess of silica. When glass of a high refractive index is required, lead silicate is also added. G.-blowers' Cramp. See Cramp. G.-blowers' Disease, a term formerly used to desig- nate any infectious disease of the lips, especially syphi- litic eruptions. Also, applied to pulmonary emphy- sema. G.-blowrers' Patch, a condition of the dor- sum of the tongue very similar to smokers' patch, and due to an analogous cause. G., Crown, a very hard glass, made from sodium sulphate or lime, without lead. It has a low refractive index, but consider- able chromatic dispersion. It is used for making lenses for optic instruments. G., Flint, that com- posed of lead and potassium silicates. It has a very high refractive index. G. Slides. See Slides. G., Soluble, potassium or sodium silicate. Glasses [glas'-es) [M.^., glas, glass]. A synonym of spectacles or eye-glasses. G., Bifocal, those that have a different refracting power in the upper part from that in the lower. G., Hyperbolic, those ground in the form of an hyperbola. G., Periscopic, those in which the curvature of one surface exceeds that of the other. See Meniscus. G., Prismatic, those formed of prisms ; used in insufficiency and paralysis of the ocular muscles. G., Protective, for shielding the eyes against light ; they are made of London smoke or blue glass. G., Spheric, those ground in the form of a sphere. G. Stenopaic, those consisting of a blackened disc of metal in which is placed a small round hole or a narrow slit ; they are used for examining astigmatic eyes. Glassy Degeneration. See Degeneration. G. Swelling, a synonym of amyloid infiltration. Glauber's Salt. See Sodium. 0\a.ViCe&o [glatv-se' -do) [L.]. Glaucoma. Glaucescence [glaw-ses' -ens) [glaucescens']. A bluish- gray or sea-green luster or bloom ; the quality of being somewhat glaucous. Glaucescent (glaw-ses'-ent) [yAati/cdf, silvery]. In biology, slightly glaucous, or bluish-gray. Glaucin (glam'-sin) [//lau/ciif, sea-green]. Cow-pox ; so-called from the color of the pocks. Glaucium (glaw' -se-um) [yXaijKiov, horn-poppy]. A genus of papaveraceous herbs ; horn-poppy. G. luteum and G. corniculatum are acrid herbs, with diuretic and alterative properties. Unof. Glaucoma (glazv-ko'-jnah)'\y'XavK.6^, sea-green]. A dis- ease of the eye the essential and characteristic symp- tom of which is an abnormally heightened intraocular tension, resulting in hardness of the globe, excavation of the papilla or optic disc, a restriction of the field of vision, corneal anesthesia, colored halo about lights, and lessening of visual power that may, if unchecked, proceed to blindness. The etiology is obscure. G. absolutum, or consummatum, the completed glau- comatous process, with blindness. G. acutum, the first or the renewed attack, with the characteristic and inflammatorysymptoms, generally intermitting after a few days. G., Auricular, a disease of the middle ear characterized by a great increase in the intra-labyrinth- ine pressure. Q. evolutum, the second stage of glau- coma. G. fulminans, an acute attack coming on with great suddenness and violence. G. haemorrha- gicum, or apoplecticum, that associated with retinal hemorrhage. G. malignum, a grave form, attended with violent pain and rapidly leading to blindness. G., Secondary, that consequent upon other ocular diseases. G. simplex, that form without inflammatory symptoms. Glaucomatous (glaw-kom' -at-us) [y/lat)(c(if, sea-green]. Affected with or pertaining to glaucoma. Glaucosis {glaw-ko' -sis) [yWavKdg, sea-green]. The blindness resulting from glaucoma, Glaucosuria [glaw-ko-su'-re-ah ) [y~AavK6(, sea-green ; ovpov, urine]. The presence of indican in the urine, which is thereby discolored. Glaucous (glaw'-kus) \_y7iavK6Q, sea-green]. Of a blue-gray or dull sea-green tint ; having a blue , or pale-green luster covered with a silvery bloom, as the leaves of the cabbage. Glaukuria [glaw-ku'-re-ah ). See Glaucosuria. Glaux [glawks) [yAaiifjyAof, the milk- vetch]. A genus of primulaeeous herbs. G. maritima, salt-wort, is said to be an effective galactagogue. Unof. Glea [gle'-ah) \y'Koia, glue]. A mucilaginous sub- stance secreted by many inferior organisms, and which frequently serves as a matrix in which they lie em- bedded. Glean {glln) [origin obscure]. The afterbirth of a domestic animal. Gleet (^/^/) [ME., glet, gleet]. The chronic stage of urethritis, with muco-purulent discharge. Gleety {gle'-te) [ME., ^/,?A gleet]. Thin and ichor- ous ; resembling the discharge of gleet. Glenard's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Glene (gle'-ne) [yXijvjj, pit]. I. The glenoid cavity. 2. The interior of the eye. Obsolescent. Gleno-humeral (gle'-no-hu'-mer-al) [y'Aifvri, pit; hu- merus, the humerus] . Pertaining to the glenoid cavity and to the humerus. Glenoid [gle'-noid) \y'Xiivri, a cavity ; Eidof , form]. Hav- ing a shallow cavity ; pertaining to a shallow cavity. G. Cavity, the articular depression in the head of the scapula. G. Fossa. See Fossa. Glenoin [gle-no'-in). Same as Trinitrin. Glenovertebral {gle' -no-ver' -te-bral) [yTjfivri, a cavity ; vertebra, a vertebra]. Pertaining to the glenoid and vertebral borders of the scapula. Gleogene [gle'-o-jen) [yAoiiif, a sticky substance ; glue ; yevfi(, producing]. In biology, secreting a glairy, mucilaginous substance. GLIA 522 GLOCHIDIUM QiViai [gW -ah) [j-A/a, glue]. The neuroglia ; bindweb. It contains peculiar cells called glia-cells. G. -cells. See Deiters' Cells. Glia-cell. X 800. Gliadin (^/i'-afl^-z«) [y/lia, glue]. A proteid obtainable from wheat-gluten ; it is tenacious and gelatinous when moist, brittle and glassy when dry. Also a syno- nym of Hematin. See Gluten. Gliding Movement {^gli'-ding moov'-ment). The most simple kind of movement that can take place in a joint, one surface gliding or moving over another, with- out any angular or rotary movement. Glioma (^gli-o'-mah) \yXia, glue; biia, a tumor; pi., Gliomata]. A variety of round-celled sarcoma, con- sisting of a tumor of neuroglia-cells, occurring in the central mass of the brain or of the spinal cord. G. of the Retina ( " encephaloid of the retina" ), a glioma springing from the connective tissue of the retina, usually occurring in the young, and involv- ing the choroid, optic nerve, and extending finally into the brain. G., Pseudo-, of the Retina, meta- static purulent choroiditis, simulating the appearance of retinal glioma. Gliomatosis {gli-o-mat-o^ -sis) \yXia, glue ; b^a, a tu- mor : pi. , Gliomatoses'] . The aggregation of exuber- ant masses of glioma-like tissue in the spinal cord — a condition thought to precede the development of syringomyelia. QMoTaaXans [gli-o' -mat-us) [y/li'a, glue ; S/ia, atumor]. Of the nature of, or affected with, glioma. Gliomyxoma l^gli-o-miks-o' -mah) [yXia, glue ; /iiifa, mucus ; 5/za, a tumor : pi. , Gliomyxomata] . A tumor having the characters of both glioma and myxoma. Gliosarcoma [gli-o-sar-ko'-mah) \yVia, glue; crapf, flesh; bim, a tumor: pi., Gliosarcomata]. A tumor with both the neuroglia-cells of glioma and the fusi- form cells of sarcoma. Gliosis [gli-o'-sis) [yXia, glue; v6ao^, disease]. A brain- disease marked by foci of sclerosed gray substance, with the formation of lacunar spaces within the foci. It dilifers from ordinary diffused sclerosis in its histol- ogy and symptomatology. Glischruria (glis-kru'-re-ah) [^yXtaxpoc;, viscid; ovpov, urine]. Mucous degeneration of the urine, supposed to be due to the presence of a microorganism, the Bacterium glischrogenum, Glisson's Capsule. See Capsule. Glissonian Cirrhosis. Synonym of Perihepatitis. See also Diseases, Table of. Glister {glis'-ter). A clyster or enema. Globe of the Eye. The eyeball. Globiferous [glo-bif'-er-us) [globus, a ball; ferre, to bear]. In biology, applied to antennae or similar structures bearing a large globose joint. Globin [glo'-bin) \globus, a globe]. A proteid deriv- able from hemoglobin. There is also a class of similar proteids grouped together as globins. Globinonjeter {glo-bin-om' -et-er) [globus, a globe ; jih- pov, a measure]. An instrument devised with special reference to the calculation of the percentage-amount of oxyhemoglobin in a given amount of blood. Globo-cellular (glo' -bo-sel' -u-lar) [globus, a globe ; cella, a cell] . Round-celled, as globo-cellular sarcoma. Globoid [glo'-boid) [^/ii(5«j, a round body ; eISoq, form]. In biology, a globular or amorphous particle of the double phosphate of calcium and magnesium, often found associated with crystalloids in protein-granules. Globose [glo-bos') \_globosus, round as a ball]. Spher- ic in form, or nearly so. Glohular {glob' -u-lar) [dim. of globus, a. g\ohe\. Hav- ing the shape of a globe or sphere. Globularia [glob-u-la' -re-ah) [globulus, a little ball]. A genus of selaginaceous herbs and shrubs. G. aly- pum, of the old world, affords leaves that are a good substitute for senna. G. puticosa and G. vulgaris have similar properties. Globule [glob'-ul) [dim. of globus, u ball]. A small globe ; a blood-corpuscle or lymph-corpuscle. In bi- ology, any minute spheric structure. In pharmacy, a small pill or pellet. See also Oil-globule. G. of Donne. See Blood-plates and Hematoblast. G. in Pulp, o. globular mass of dentine within the sub- stance of the dental pulp. Globulicidal (glob-u-lis-i'-dal) [globulus, a little ball; cmdere, to kill]. Destructive to the blood-corpuscles. Gio\yKi\v:\A& {glob-u' -lis-ia) [^/o(5«/aj, a globule ; cadere, to kill]. I. Destructive of blood-cells. 2. An agent that destroys blood-cells. Globulimeter [glob-u-lim' -et-er) [globulus, a little ball ; fiirpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the corpuscular richness of blood. Globulin [glob'-u-lin) [globulus, a little ball], i. A general name for various proteids comprising globulin, vitellin, paraglobulin, or serum-globulin, fibrinogen, myosin, and globin, which differ from the albumins in not being soluble in water ; one species, existing in the crystalline lens, is specially designated as globulin. They are insoluble in distilled water, but soluble in dilute neutral saline solutions. These solutions are coagulated by heat, and precipitated by a large amount of water. They yield acid-albumin when acted upon by dilute acids, and alkali-albumin when acted upon by dilute alkalies. Vegetable Globulins have been studied, and named vegetable myosin, vitellin, and paraglobulin ; they are found in the seeds of plants. 2. A blood-platelet. Globulinuria [glob-u-lin-u'-re-ah) [globulus, a little ball ; ohpov, urine] . The presence of globulin in the urine. Globulism [ glob' -u-lizm) [globulus, a little ball] . The administration of medicine in globules ; homeopathy. Globulose (^W-«-/oj) [^/o^«/«j, a little ball]. Any product of the gastric digestion of a globulin. Globulus (glob'-u-lus) [L.].' The Nucleus globuliformis of the cerebellum. It is a mass of gray matter between the fastigatura and the embolus. Globus {glo'-bus) [L.]. A ball or globe. G. epidid- ymis. 9\ee Epididymis. G. hystericus, the "lump" or choking sensation occurring in hysteria, caused probably by spasmodic contraction of the esophageal and pharyngeal muscles. G. major, the larger end or head of the epididymis. G. minor, the lower end of the epididymis. G. pallidus, the inner and lighter part of the lenticular nucleus. Glochidiate [glo-kid'-e-at) [yXax'i'iy ^ projecting point]. In biology, barbed. Tipped with barbs, or with a doubly-hooked point. Glochidium (glo-kid'-e-um) [yTMxk, a projecting point: pi., Glochidia\ In biology, a stage in the development of lamellibranchiate molluscs [Unio, Anodon'\, the ova of which develop up to a certain stage in the gill-pouches of the parent, and remain there as glochidia until some fish or wading-bird comes into their vicinity, when the glochidia issue forth, and, swimming as Pectens by the flapping of their valves, GLOCHIS 523 GLOSSOTHECA attach themselves, like external parasites, to the animal whose presence has stimulated their efforts ; here they become encysted and transformed into young Unios or Anadons. Glochis [glo'-kis) [y^^xki a projecting point : //., Glochines'\. In biology, a barbed spine or point. Glome {glim) [glomus, a ball]. Same as Glomerule. Glomerate (^glom' -er-at) \_glomerare, to wind around]. A descriptive term applied to any gland consisting of vessels bunched together like a ball of thread ; con- glomerate. Glomerule (^glom'-er-iil) [dim. of glomus, a ball of yarn]. In biology, a capitate cyme; a cluster of spores. Glomerulitis {glom-er-u-li'-tis) [glomerulus, a small ball; (rif, inflammation]. Inflammation of the glom- eruli of the kidney. Glomerulo-nephritis (^glom-er' -u-lo-nef-ri' -lis) [glom- erulus, a little ball ; vt^pdf , the kidney ; m^, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the Malpighian bodies of the kidney. Glomerulus, or Glomerule {glom-er'-u-lus, or glom'- er-iil) [dim. oi. glomus, a ball]. A knot or small rounded mass. A coil of arterial blood-vessels pro- jecting into the capsular widening of the lumen of each uriniferous tubule and with it composing the Malpighian body peculiar to the vertebrate kidney. G. Malpighii. See Malpighian Bodies. G., Olfactory, a group of nerve-cells, a number of which are embedded in the olfactory nerve-fibers. > Glonoin [glo^no'-in). See Nitroglycerin. Gloriosa [glo-re-o'-sah) [gloriosus, glorious]. A genus of splendid liliaceous plants with poisonous juices. G. superba, of India, is alterative and tonic, and its starch is said to cure hemorrhoids. Unof Glossa [glos'-a/i] [yXaaaa, the tongue]. The tongue ; also the faculty of articulate speech. Glossagra ( glos-a' -graK) [yXaaaa, tongue ; ay pa, seiz- ure]. Gouty pain in the tongue. Glossal [glos'-al) [y\i>aaa, tongue]. Pertaining to the tongue. Glossalgia [glos-al'-je-aK) [yTioaaa, tongue ; akyog, pain]. Any" pain in the tongue, especially neuralgia of the tongue. Glossanthrax (^glos-an'-thraks). Synonym of An- thrax. Glossarium ( glos-a' -re-um) [yXaaaa, a tongue : pi. , Glossaria']. In biology, the slender, elongated labrum of a dipterous insect, as the mosquito. Glossate {glos'-dt) [yT^oaaa, tongue]. In biology, having a tongue or glossa ; applied to suctorial as dis- tinguished from mandibulate insects. Glossauxesis [glos-awks-e'-sis) [ylaaaa, tongue; a4f- )?0(f, increase]. Enlargement of the tongue. Glossectomy (glos-ek' -to-me) [yTiaaaa, tongue ; tKTojiii, excision]. Amputation or excision of the tongue. Glossitic Iglos-it' -ik) [yXiJaaa, tongue ; irif, inflamma- tion]. Pertaining to or affected with glossitis. Glossitis (glos-i'-tis) [y/ltjffcra, tongue ; ing, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the tongue. G., Dissect- ing, a form of chronic superficial glossitis character- ized by deep furrows upon the tongue that appear to penetrate into the mucous membrane. G., Idiopath- ic. Same as G. , Parenchymatous. G., Interstitial. Same as G., Parenchymatous. Qi.', Parasitic, an in- flammation of the tongue said to be due to parasitic vegetations. It is also called G/o.r.ro//4yfta. G., Paren- chymatous, an inflammation of the tongue involving its substance as well as the mucous membrane. Glosso- i^glos'-o-) [y\aaaa, tongue]. A prefix denot- ing connection with the tongue. Glossocele {glos'-o-ssl) [yXaaaa, tongue ; nfj^ri, tumor]. Swelling or edema of the tongue, with consequent ex- trusion of the organ. Glossodesmus [glos-o-dez' -mus) [y?M NH. Saccharin. Benzoyl-sulphonic-imid, a coal-tar derivative. It is an intensely sweet, white powder, 200 times as sweet as cane-sugar. It is anti- septic, and is used to disguise the taste of nauseous niedicine. It may be used as a sweetening-agent in diabetes and in the treatment of corpulency. Glutaric Acid {glu-tar'-ik). See Add. Gluteal (glu'-te-al) [yAowdf, the buttock]. Pertain- ing to the buttocks. G. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. G. Muscles. See Muscles, Table of. G. Nerve. See Nerves, Table of. G. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of Gluten {glu'-ten) [gluten, glue]. A substance re- sembling albumin, with which it is probably identical. It occurs abundantly in the seed of cereals, in the form of cubic cells surrounding the starchy fecula of the seed. It consists mainly of gluten-fibrin, gluten- casein, gliadin, and mucedin. G.-bread, a variety of non-starch-containing bread for use by diabetics. It is made as follows : Take one quart of sweet milk, or milk and water, one heaping teaspoonful of good butter, one-fifth of a cake of compressed yeast beaten up with a little water, and two eggs well beaten. Stir in the gluten-flour until a soft dough is formed, knead as in making ordinary bread, put in pans to raise, and when light, bake in a hot oven. G.-soap, a bland and soothing variety of soap, containing a considerable proportion of gluten. G\\Aso-isvaora.\(^glu^-te-o-fem'-or-al) [yAoi/nSf, the but- tock ; femur, the femur]. Relating to the buttock and the thigh. Gluteus {glu-te'-us) {ylovrSg, the buttock]. One of the large muscles of the buttock. See Muscles, Table of. Glutin {glu'-tin). See Glue. Glutition l^glu-tish' -un) \_glutire, to swallow]. Deglu- tition. Glutitis (glu-ti'-tis) \ylovT6Q, buttock ; tT(f , inflamma- tion] . Inflammation or suppuration of a buttock. Glyceleum {^gli-se'-le-utn) [j-Au/ciic, sweet ; i'havov, oil] . A mixture of glycerin 2 parts, olive oil 6 parts, al- mond-meal I part ; it is used as a base for ointments. Glycemia {gli-se^ -me-ah) [yXvK^q, sweet; alfia, blood]. The presence of glucose in the blood. Glyceiid {glis'-er-id) [y/lwEpiif, sweet]. A compound ether of the triatomic alcohol, glycerol or glycerin. Some of the glycerids exist ready-formed, as natural fats, in the bodies of plants and animals, and many more may be produced artificially by the action of an acid upon glycerol. Glycerin, Glycerinum [gits' -er-in, glis-er-i' -num)\y1v- KEjOiif, sweet], C3H5(HO)3. Propenyl hydrate. A vis- cous, syrupy, colorless substance derived from certain fats — mainly palm-oil — by decomposing them with superheated steam. Pure glycerin is an emollient ; the impure article an irritant to the skin. Dose 3J-ij. It is an efiicient internal remedy in acne and flatulence, and may be used in rectal enemata or in suppositories with soap or gelatin {y^), in chronic constipation. See Glycerol. Glycerinum acidi carbolici (B. P.), glycerin 4, carbolic acid I. G. acid, gallici (B. P.), gaUic acid I, glycerin 4. G. acid, tannici fB. P.), tannic acid I, glycerin 4. G. aluminis (B. P.), alum I, glycerin 5. G. boracis (B. P.), borax i, glycerin 4, distilled water 2. G. plumbi subacetat. (B. P.), acetate of lead 5, oxid of lead Zyi, glycerin ,20, distilled water 12. G. traga- cantbae (B. P.), tragacanth 3, glycerin 12, distilled water 2. Glycerini, Suppos. (B. P.), each contains 70 per cent, by weight of glycerin. Glycerin-Cupric Test (for sugar) ; to an inch of potassium hydrate in a test-tube add a few drops of copper sulphate and a few drops of glycerin Boil and add the sus- pected urine by small amounts up to less than one inch in the tube. Sugar will throw out the cuprous ^ oxid, red or yellow. G. -Jelly, a valuable preparation for the treatment of eczema. It is made as follows : Gelatin, 4 drams ; oxid of zinc, 2^ drams; glycerin, yi ounce ; water, 6 drams. Heat the water, dissolve the gelatin in it, then add the glycerin and zinc, and stir till cold. Before using, the jelly is melted by gentle heat in a water-bath, and applied with a soft brush. See Mounting-media. Glycerinum [glis-er-i' -num) \y'XvKep6Q sweet; gen., glycerini: //., Gfycerina']. 1. Glycerin, q. v. 2. A solution of some medicinal agent in glycerin, q. v. Glycerite, or Glyceritum (glis'-er-lt or glis-er-i' -turn) [yhjKepdc, sweet]. A mixture of medicinal substances with glycerin. There are six official glycerites, besides several others in the National Formulary. G. acidi carbolici, carbolic acid 2, glycerin 8. G. acidi tan- nici, tannic acid 2, glycerin 8. G. amyli. See Amylum. G. vitelli. See Vitellus. Glycerize [glis' -er-tz) \yX,vKtp6q, sweet]. To treat or mix with glycerin. Glycerol [glis'-er-6l) [ylviiepdq , sweet], CgHgOj. Glyc- erin ; a substance produced in small quantities in the alcoholic fermentation of sugar. It is prepared exclu- sively from the fats and oils. It is a thick, colorless syrup, of specific gravity 1.265 at 15° C. It has a pure, sweet taste, hence its name. Glycerose [glis'-er-os) [jXvicepdg, sweet], C3H5O3. Triose ; a substance derived from glycerol. It is the lowest glucose, and is a. mixture of glycerol aldehyd and dioxy-acetone. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Glyceryl [glis'-er-il) [yAwKepdf, sweet]. A designation applied to the trivalent group CHj.CH.CHj. It is the hypothetic triatomic radicle of glycerol and the glycerids, and is also called propenyl. G. Borate. See Boroglycerin. Glycid [gli'-sid) [y/lu/cdf, sweet], C3H5O2. An anhy- drid of glycerin, not yet isolated. G. Compounds, certain compounds formed from glycerol-derivatives by the loss of HjO or HCl. These are again readily converted into glycerol-derivatives. Glycin (gli'-sin) [yXvuiig, sweet], QHjNOj. Also called Glycocol and Glycocin, Amido-acetic Acid, or Gelatin-sugar. It does not occur in the free state in the animal body, but enters into the composition of several important substances, as hippuric and glycochol- ic acids. It is acid in reaction, and has a sweet taste. It crystallizes in large, colorless, hard rhombohedra, or four-sided prisms, easily soluble in water. See Gly- cocol. Glycina {glis-i'-nah). Soya-bean. See Soja. Glycocholic Acid [gli-ko-kol'-ik) [yXvmq, sweet; XoX^t bile]. An acid found in the bile. See Acid. Glycocid [gli'-ko-sid). See Glucosid. Glycocin [gli'-ko-sin). See Glycin. Glycocol [gli'-ko-kol) [y/lu/cdf, sweet; KbXXa, glue]. The same as Glycin, q. v. The Glycocols, Alanins, or Amido-fatty Acids are crystalline bodies, usually of a sweet taste, and readily soluble in water. Glycocyamin [gli-ko-si' -am-in) [yAiKfOf, sweet ; nvavdg, blue; amin"], CjHyNjOj. Guanido-acetic Acid ; a substance obtained by the direct union of glycocol with cyanamid. It is soluble in 120 parts of cold water and rather readily in hot water ; insoluble in al- cohol and in ether. It forms crystalline compounds with acids and bases. GLYCODRUPOSE 526 GNATHIDIUM Glycodrupose i^gli-ko-dru' -pos) [y/lu/cif, sweet ; ipm- wa, an over-ripe olive]. Tlie substance forming the stony concretions of pears. Glycogen (gli'-io-jen) [y/lti/rfif, sweet; yewfiv, to pro- duce], CjHjdOj. a white, amorphous powder, taste- less and odorless, forming an opalescent solution with water, and insoluble in alcohol. It is commonly known as animal-starch. It occurs in the blood and the liver, by which it is elaborated, and is changed by diastasic ferments into glucose. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Glycogenesis [gli-ko-Jen^ -es-is) [yAu/c^f, sweet ; yev- eaic, production]. The formation of sugar in the animal economy, whether normal or pathologic. Glycogenic i^gli-ko-jen' -ik) \_yXvK.h^, sweet; yheatg, production]. Pertaining to glycogen or to glycogen- esis. Glycogeny (^gli-kof -en-e) [y/l-umf, sweet ; yivsatg, pro- duction]. The normal production of glycogen. Glycohemia i^gli-ko-he' -me-ah') [7/lD/ci'f, sweet; aifia, blood]. The presence of sugar in the blood, espe- cially its presence in excessive quantity ; glycemia. Glycol {^gli'-kol') [yAvfciif, sweet; alcohoi\. A diva- lent alcohol ; a compound intermediate in its proper- ties and chemic relations between monohydric alcohol andtrihydric glycerol. The glycols are neutral, thick liquids. The solubility of a compound in water in- creases according to the accumulation of OH groups in it, and it will be correspondingly less soluble in alcohol and especially in ether. There will also be an appreci- able rise in the boiling-temperature, while at the same time the body acquires a sweet taste, inasmuch as there occurs a gradual transition from the hydrocarbons to the sugars. In accord with this, the glycols have a sweetish taste, are readily soluble in water, slightly soluble in ether, and boil at a much higher point (100° C.) than the corresponding monohydric alcohols. They contain two hydroxyl groups united to different carbon atoms. Glycolamid {gli-kol'-am-id) [yXvubg, sweet; amid'\, CjHjNOj. A substance crystallizing in needles that melt at 120° C. ; it possesses a sweet taste, and dis- solves easily in water, but with difficulty in alcohol. GlycoUic Acid [gli-kol'-ik). See Acid. Glycoluric Acid {gli-kol-u'-rik^. See Acid. Glycolysis {^gli-kol' -is-is) [yAwcif , sweet ; Mat;, dis- solution] . The process of decomposition into glycols. Glyconin, Glyconon {gli'-ko-nin, -on) [yAv/ciif, sweet]. The Glyceritum vitelli of the U. S. Ph. It is a mixture of yolk of egg 45, and glycerin 55. Glyco-poljoiria [gli-io-pol-e-u'-re-ah) [yAu/cif, sweet ; noTAq , much ; oipon, urine] . Bouchardat' s term for dia- betes, attended with a moderate quantity of sugar in the urine and with an increase of lithic acid in the blood. Glycosamin i^gli-kos'-ani-in). See Chitin. Glycoses (gli-ko'-slz). Same as Glucoses, q. v. Glycosometer ( gli-ko-som'-et-er) [yXmif , sweet ; fikr- pov, a measure] . An instrument for use in the esti- mation of the percentage of sugar in diabetic urine. Glycosuria [gli-ko-su' -t-e-aK) [yAwcwf, sweet ; ovpm, urine]. The presence of grape-sugar in the urine. See Diabetes. G., Tests for. See Boettger's, Feh- ling's, Glycerin-cupric, Indigo-carmin, Pavy' s, Picro- saccharimeter , Phenyl-hydrazin, Roberts' Differential Density, Saccharometer, Trammer's, and others in Tests, Table of. G., Hepatic, a temporary glycosuria due to excessive formation of glycogen in the liver. G., Irritative, that produced by irritation of the diabetic center on the floor of the fourth ventricle. G., Para- lytic, that produced by dividing the anterior columns of the spinal cord at the level of the fourth cervical vertebra. Glycuronic Acid [gli-liu-ron'-ik). See Acid. Glycyrrhea [gli-sir-e'-ah) [yAmdf , sweet ; l>elv, to flow]. Any discharge of glucose from the body. Glycyr- rhoea urinosa. Synonym of Diabetes mellitus. Glycyrrhetin [gli-sir-e' -tih)\_ylvKi>g, sweet; pit^a, root], CjgHjjOj. An amorphous bitter substance in liquorice- root. Glycyrrhiza [gli-sir-i'-zah) [jTivKiif, sweet; pit^a, root: gen., Glycyrrhizcs]. Liquorice-root. The root of C glabra, a demulcent and mild laxative, of sweet taste. In combination with other medicaments it is an excel- lent expectorant, and is much used as an excipient in pills, troches, etc. G., Ext., the liquorice of com- merce, occurring in black rolls. G., Ext., Liquid (B.P.). Dose 3J-ij. G., Ext., Purum, made with aqua ammoniac and water by percolation and evapora- tion. G., Ext., Fid., prepared with water and alco- hol. G., Mist., Comp., Brown mixture, pure extract, sugar, acacia, aa 3 parts, tinct. opii camph. 12, vin. antimonii 6, spt. nitrous ether 3, water 70. Dose gj - g ss. G. et Opii, Trochisci, have each ext. of glycyr- rhiza, gr. ij, ext. of opium gr.- ^^, acacia, sugar, oil of anise q. s. Dose j-ij. G., Pulv., Conip., compound licorice-powder, senna 18, glycyrrhiza 23, oil of fennel 4, washed sulphur 8, sugar 50- Glycyrrhizin [gli-sir-i'-zin). See Glycyrrhizinum. Glycyrrhizinum [glis-ir-iz-i' -nam) [ylvnb;, sweet ; pi'fa, root: gen., Glycirrhizini\ A sweet principle derived from liquorice-root. G. atnmoniatum fU. 5. P.), ammoniated glycyrrhizin, a sweet preparation used as a substitute for liquorice. Dose gr. v-xv. Glyoxal [gli-oks'-al) \y\vKv(, sweet; b^aXiq, sorrel], CjHjOj. A substance formed by oxidizing acetalde- hyd with HNO,. It is an amorphous non-volatile mass that deliquesces in the air, and is soluble in al- cohol and in ether. Glyoxalin i^gli-oks'-al-in) [yAwKiif, sweet ; b^aXig, sor- rel], CjH^Nj. A substance produced by the action of ammonia upon glyoxal. It is easily soluble in water, alcohol and ether, and crystallizes in brilliant prisms, melting at 89° C. and boiling at 255° C. Glyoxim {gli-oks'-im) [y^u/cif, sweet], C2HjN202. A compound produced by the action of hydroxylamin upon trichlorlactic acid. It is soluble in water, alco- hol, and ether; crystallizes in rhombic plates ; melts at 178° C. ; sublimes without difficulty ; has a faintly acid reaction, and forms salts with bases. Glyoxylic Acid [gli-oks-il' -ik) . See Acid. Gmelin's Test. Same as Gmelin-Heintz Reaction. Gmelin-Heii;itz Reaction. A test for bile-pigments in the urine. See Tests, Table of . Gmelina {meP -in-aK) [after Gmelin, a Russian scien- tist]. A genus of verbenaceous shrubs and trees. In India, G. arborea, G. asiatica, G. parvifolia, G. villosa, and other species, are employed in catarrhal disorders and in fevers and rheumatism. Unof. Gnaphalium (naf-a' -le-iim) . See Life-everlasting, Gnat (nat^ \WS.., gnat, a gnat]. A dipterous insect, the Culex fipiens, differing but slightly from the com- mon mosquito, with which it is popularly confounded. The "bite " consists in a piercing of the skin and the withdrawal of a minute quantity of blood. The gnat has no sting or poison-glands. Gnathalgia (nath-al'-je-ah) [yv&So;, jaw ; dAyof , pain]. Pain or neuralgia of the jaw. , Gnathankylosis [ndth-ang-Hl-o' -sis) [jvddog, jaw ; ayiMuai.;, ankylosis]. Ankylosis of the jaw. Gnathic {ndth'-ik) \yv6,6o(, the cheek-bone]. Per- taining to the cheek or jaw. G. Index. See Alveo- lar and Index. Gnathidium (nath-id' -e-um) [yviifcf , jaw : pi. , Gnath- idia\ In biology, one of the rami of the lower mandible of a bird. GNATHION 527 GOLD Gnathion (noth'-e-on) . See Craniometric Points. Gnathite (ndth'-lt) VyvaBo^, the jaw]. In biology, one of the jaw-feet of an arthropod ; a gnathopodite. Gnathitis {nath-V -tis) [yvadog, jaw ; jnf , inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the jaw or cheek. Gnathogramma {natho-gram' -ah) \yvaBoq, jaw, cheek; ypajifia, line]. Jadelot's genal line. See Jadelofs Lines or Furrows. Gnathoneuralgia [nath-o-nu-ral' -je-aK) \yv6.6oq, jaw ; vevpov, a nerve ; aXyog, pain] . See Gnathalgia. Gnathoparalysis (nath-o-par-al' -is-is) [yvaSof , jaw ; irapfiTivai^, paralysis]. Paralysis of the jaw. Gnathoplasty {nath' -o-plas-tc) [/vaflof, cheek ; nTMa- aeiv, to shape]. Plastic surgery of the cheek. Gnathoplegia ( nath-o-ple' -je-ah ) [yvadog, cheek ; 5r>l)77i^, stroke]. Paralysis of the cheek. Gnathopodite (ndth-op' -o-dlt) [yvd&f, jaw; Troif, foot]. Same as Gnathite. Gnathorrhagia {nath-or-a' -je-ah ) \yvaBo^, the cheek ; (nfyvimai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the cheek. Qnathoschisis [ndth-os'-kis-is) \yvaBoQ, jaw ; axK^iv, to split]. Clefi-jaw. Gnathospasmus {nath-o-spaz'-mus) \yv&doi, jaw ; airaafidg, spasm] . Locked jaw ; trismus. Gnathostegite [nath-os' -tej-it) [yvddog, jaw; areyog, roof]. In biology, the cover to the mouth-parts of a crustacean formed by the expansion of parts of the third thoracic limbs. Gnomonic {no-mon'-ik) [yvi)/iia, knee ; nig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the knee-joint, Gonoblast [gon'-o-blast) \y6vog, generation; ^'K(U!T6g, germ]. A sperm-cell or germ- cell ; any cell con- cerned directly in reproduction ; a spermatozoBn ; an ovum. Gonoblastidium [gon-o-blas-tid' -e-um) \y6vt)g, genera- GONOBOLIA 529 GOSSYPIIN tion, seed; pXaardi, germ: //., Gonoblastidia]. A term applied by Huxley to the organs set apart for the production of generative buds in the Physophoridoe and other Hydrozoa. Cf. Blastostyle. Gonobolia ( gon-o-bo' -le-ah ) \ymii, semen ; ^aXkeiv, to throw]. I. The ejaculation of semen. 2. Sper- matorrhea. Gonocace (gon-ok'-as-e) \y6w, knee; kokti, evil]. Same as Gonarthrocace. Qonocalyx [gon-o-ka'-liks) \y6voQ, generation, seed; ii6Xv^,&c\yp: pi., Gonocalices, Gnnocalyxes\. In biol- ogy, a term applied by Huxley to the investment of the reproductive organs of many of the Hydrozoa, having more or less the structure of a nectocalyx, but from whose walls those of the actual genital sac, the man- ubrium of AUman, tend to become independent. Gonocele (^ow'-o-if/) [yfow, knee ; ksJ/It?, tumor]. A swelling of the knee. Gonocele {^gon' -o-sel") \yovri, semen; KijXi), tumor]. I. A tumor of a testis, or of a spermatic cord, due to retention of semen. 2. Synonym of Gonorrheal Rheumatism. Gonocheme [gon' -o-kem') \y6vo^, generation, seed ; bxsi-v, to carry, hold]. In biology, hydroid medusae bearing genitalia. GonochoTismus i^gon-o-kor-iz' -mus) [ydvoQ, generation, sex ; ;t;up«T/i(if, separation]. In biology, the special- ization of sex ; the differentiation of male or female genitalia in a developing embryo ; the separation of the sexes in phylogeny. Gonococcus {gon-o-kok' -us) \yov^, semen ; kSkkoc, ker- nel]. A microbe thought to be the specific cause of gonorrhea. See Gonorrhea, and Bacteria, Synonym- atic Table of. Gonocyst {gon'-o-sist) \y6voQ, generation, seed ; kIxstiq, a. pouch]. In biology, the inflation of the surface of the zoarium in which the embryos are developed in certain of the Polyzoa. See Gonecyst. Gonoii [go' -noid) [ydvof, semen ; eldof, appearance]. Resembling semen. Ciono\ohns[gon-o lo'-bus) \_y6vo(, semen; ?Mp6(, pod]. A genus of asclepiadaceous plants, all American. G. macrophyllus, of the U. S. , has a cathartic and poison- ous root. Unof. Some varieties of condura:ngo are furnished by plants of this genus. Gonophore [gon'-o-for) [j6vog, seed ; (j>6pog, bear]. In biology: i, a stipe below stamens. 2. The ultimate generative zooid of the Hydroid-medusii,s,sai.tT\; hax^ov, scrotum; nifKr), tumor]. A distention of the testicle with semen. Gonosome {gon'-o-s6m) \y6voq, generation, seed; ao>na, the body]. In biology, the entire assembly of generative zooids in a hydroid colony. Gonospherium [gon-o-sfe' -re-um) \y6voi, generation, seed ; a(palpa, sphere : pi. , Gonospheria"] . In biology, a form of oogonium in which the protoplasm is con- densed at the center of the cell and separated by a space from the cell-wall. Gonostroma {gon-o-stro' -mah) [ ydvog, offspring ; arpStfia, stroma]. The proligerous disc. Gonotheca [gon-o-the' -kah) [ydvog, generation, seed; 6^K.Ti, case: pi., Gonothecs]. In biology, the chitin- ous hull of the reproductive capsules of certain hydro- zoans. Gonozemia [gon-o-ze' -me-ah) \y6voq, semen ; fyijiia, flow] . Excessive secretion or discharge of semen. Gonozooid [gon-o-zo' -oid) \_y6vo(, generation ; i(i>ov, animal ; el6og, form] . In biology, one of the sexual zooids of an ascidian. • Gonyagra [gon-e-a'-grah). See Gonagra. Gonyalgia \gon-e-al' -je-ah). See Gonalgia. Gonybatia [gon-e-ba' -she-ah) \y&m, knee ; ^aiveiv, to go] . Walking upon the knees ; a symptom encountered in some paralytic and paretic cases. Gdnycampsis [gon-e-kamp' -sis) \y6im, knee; /cdfiifiig, curve]. Deformity of the knee by curvation. Qonyocele [gon'-e-o-sll) [j6w, knee; uriTai, tumor]. Same as Gonyoncus. Gonyoncus ( gon-e-ong'-kus) \_y6vv, knee ; iywog, tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the knee. Gonys [go'-nis) [yivug, the chin]. In biology, the line of symphysis of the mandibles of a bird. Gonytyle (gon-e-ti'-le) \_y6vv, knee; tvIti, pad]. A prominent thickening of the skin upon the knee. Goodyera ( good-ye' -raK) [after John Goodyer, an Eng- lish botanist]. A genus of orchidaceous plants. G. repens of Asia, Europe, and America, is a popular medicine. G. pubescens of N. America (rattlesnake plantain, cancer-plant) is applied to sores, cancers, etc. Unof. Goose {goos) [ME., goos, a goose]. A bird of the family of Anserines. G. -flesh. See G.-skin. G.- foot. See Pes anserinus. G. -grass. See Galium aparine. G.-skin, Cutis ansera, Goose-flesh, a popu- lar name for a well-known condition of the skin marked by prominence about the hair-follicles. See Arrector pili Muscle. Gore [gor) \yAS,., gore, gore]. Thick or clotted blood. Gorged Stomach (gorjd stum'-ak). See Stomach Staggers. Gorgeret [gor-jer-et') [Ft. , gorge, throat]. A surgeon's gorget, especially a small gorget. Gorget {gor'-jet) [gurges, a chasm]. A channeled in- strument similar to a grooved director. It may be blunt, sharp, hooked, etc. In biology, a throat- patch, as the brilliant throat of the humming-bird. Gorgon's Head. See Caput medusa. Gosselin's Fracture. A V-shaped fracture of the distal extremity of the tibia, involving the ankle-joint. Gossypiin [gos-ip'-e-in) \_gossypium, the cotton-tree]. GOSSYPINE 830 GRAHAMITE A precipitate from a tincture of the root-bark of Gos- sypium herbaceum, recommended as an emraenagogue and diuretic. Dose, i to 5 grains. Unof. Gossypine [gos'-ip~in) \gossypium, cotton]. In biol- ogy, cottony, flocculent. GQS%y^\\axi\gos-ip' -e-uvi) [L., cotton-tree : gen., Coi- sypn\. Cotton. The hairs of the seed of G. herba- ceum. Freed from impurities and deprived of fatty matter, it becomes the absorbent cotton of surgery. It is soluble in an ammoniacal solution of copper sulphate. The root is thought to have emmenagogue properties. Q. puriflcatum, purified cotton. G. rad., Cortex, cotton-root bark. Dose gr. xxx-gj. G. rad., Ext., Fid., prepared vifith glycerin and alcohol. Dose ■n\,xxx-gj. G. seminis, Ol., the expressed oil con- stitutes most of the so-called olive-oil of commerce. G., Tinct., I in 4. Dose gj. See, also, Pyroxylin. Gothard Worm (^goth'-ardwurm) . See Anchylostomutn. Gothic Palate. An enormously high palatal arch. Gottinger's Line. See Lines, Table of. Gottstein's Basal Process. The filiform \>zs,A ex- tremity of Corti's organ. It is connected with the fine nerve-filaments of the cochlear nerve. G.'s Curet, a curved curet for the removal of post-nasal grovfths. G-'s Fibers. See Fiber. Gouge [gooj or gowj) [Fr.]. An instrument for cutting or removing bone or other hard structures. Goujeers [goo'-jers] [OY., gouge, a soldier's mistress]. An old name for syphilis. Goulard's Cerate. See Plumbum. G.'s Extract. See Plumbum. Gould, Methods of. See Treatment, Methods of. Gourand's, or Goyrand's, Disease. See Diseases, Table of. G.'s Hernia. See Hernia. Gourdy (gor'-de or goor'-de) [ME., gourd, a gourd]. In farriery, having swollen legs (said of horses). Gout [gowt) [ME., goute, the gout; gutta,a. drop]. A constitutional disease characterized by an excess of uric acid or alkaline urates, especially sodium urate, in the fluids of the body. Sodium urate is first deposited about the articular surfaces of the small joints, but in time the arteries, cardiac valves, and connective tissue of the kidneys may be involved. The metatarso-phalangeal joint of the great toe is, curiously, the favorite point of attack, and the helix of the ear is another favorite seat. Tophi form about the affected part. To diminished solubility of the urates, due to increased acidity of the blood ; to increased formation of uric acid, and failure in function of the kidneys ; to persistent plethora of the digestive organs, — is variously ascribed the cause of gout. The symptoms of the acute form are malaise, intense pain in the affected part, with swelling and redness, pyrexia, chills, scanty and acid urine, irritability and sleepless- ness. The paroxysm .usually occurs in the night. Other attacks almost invariably follow at irregular in- tervals. G., Diaphragmatic, angina pectoris. G., Latent or Masked, a condition ascribed to a gouty diathesis, but not presenting the typical symptoms of gout. G., Retrocedent, that form that is manifested by severe internal manifestations, without the cus- tomary arthritic symptoms. See DaCosta's Disease. G., Rheumatic. See Arthritis, Rheumatic. Gouty {gow'-te) [ME., goute, the gout]. Of the nature of gout; affected with gout. G. Kidney. See Brighfs Disease. Goux, System. See Sewage, Disposal of. Gowers' Column. See Column. G.s' Front-tap Contraction. See Contraction, and Reflexes, Table of. G.'s Method, the method of counting the corpus- cles of the blood by the hemocytometer. G.'s Pupil. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Gowland's Cosmetic, Lotion, or Wash. A famous lotion used in the treatment of acne, and said to have contained oxymuriate of mercury in an emulsion of bitter almonds. Gr. Abbreviation of grain. Graafian Follicles, or Vesicles. Peculiar vesicular bodies existing in the cortex of the ovary as well as in Graafian Follicle and Ovule, with Proligkrous Disc. the ovarian stroma. Within them the ova mature. See Vesicle. Gracilis [eras' -il-is) [L., slender]. See Muscles, Table of. G. Experiment, an experiment performed upon the gracilis muscle of the frog, showing that pure muscular excitation does not travel backward from the muscle to the nerve. Gradient {gra'-de-eni) \_gradi, to step, to go]. In biol- ogy, walking, rather than creeping or jumping. Graduate [grad'-u-dt'^ .\_gradus, a step]. To take a degree from a college or university. Also, a person on whom a degree has been conferred. Also, in pharmacy, a glass vessel upon which the divisions of liquid measure have been marked. Gva.i\i.a.\.edL(grad'-u-ated)\_gradus, a step]. Arranged in degrees or steps. G. Compress, a compress made of pieces decreasing progressively in size, the apex or smallest piece being applied to the focus of pressure. G. Cones. See Cones. G. Full Bath. See Bath. Graefe's CoUyrium. The celebrated colly- rium adstringens luteum. It was made as follows : Camphor, lo grains ; alcohol, I ounce; chlorid of ammonium, 15 grains; sulphate of zinc, 30 grains ; croci pulv. hispanici, 2 grains ; distilled water, 5 ounces. One drop of this, after filtration, is used morning and evening. G.'s Knife, a knife for the performance of the operation for cataract. G.'s Operations. BieeOpera- tions. Table of. G.'s Signs or Symp- toms. See, Signs and Symptotns, Table of- Grafenberg System. See Hydrotherapy. Graft [ME. ,_^a^^, graft]. A small portion of skin, bone, periosteum, nerve, etc. , inserted into or upon a raw surface or tissue deficient in the special structure desired. G., Sponge, the insertion of antisepticized sponge to act as a framework for the granulations. Graham Bread. Brown bread ; wheaten bread made from unbolted flour. Grahamism [gra' -am-izm) [after Sylvester Graham, an American reformer] . Vegetarianism ; a theory of dietetic and medical reform started in 1839. Grahamite (gra'-am-lt) [after Sylvester Graham]. A vegetarian ; a follower of the teachings of Sylvester Graham, 1794-1851. Graefe's Knife. GRAHE'S TEST 531 GRANULOMA Grahe's Test. See Tests, Table of. Grain (gran) [gi-anum, corn]. A general name ap- plied to starch-producing seeds, or to those of the cereals. Also, any small seed. In pharmacy, a small pill. Also, the ■jy'jj part of the Troy pound. Graining-colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs. Grains of Paradise \_Grana paradisi, " grains of para- dise"]. The unripe fruit of Amomum melegueta, and of A. granum paradisi, brought from W. Africa. It is an aromatic stimulant and diuretic, useful in some cases of neuralgia. Unof. Grallatorial [gral-at-o'-re-al) \_grallator, one who walks on stilts]. In biology, applied to wading-birds. Gram, Gramme [gram) lypd/j,/ia, a Greek weight]. The weight of a cubic centimeter of distilled water at its maximum density. The gravimetric unit of the metric system of weights and measures. See Metric System. G. [Anglo-Indian.] A commercial name for the chick-pea, Cicer arietinum, and for other varie- ties of pulse. Gram's Fluid. See Gram's Solution. G.'s Method, I. See Gram's Solution. 2. See Treatment, Methods of. G.'s Solution, a test for amyloid liver, and a mor- dant in staining for tubercle-bacilli, consisting of iodin I part, potassium iodid 2, water 300. The preparation is taken from the color-bath, washed and plunged into this solution until it takes a blackish tinge, then washed in alcohol until decolorization is complete. This process is called Gram' s Method. See Stains, Table of. Gramineous (gram-in' -e-us) \_gramen, grass]. In biology, grass-like. Graminifolious {gram-in-if-o'-le-us) {gramen, grass; folium, a leaf]. In biology, having grass-like leaves. Graminivorous [gram-in-iv'-or-us") \_gramen, grass ; vorare, to devour]. Feeding upon grass. Grammatic Acataphasia [gram-at'-ik ak-at-afa'- ze-ah). The faulty use of words, due not to ignor- ance, but to some central brain-lesion. See Acata- phasia, Grammopetalous (gram-o-pef -al-us) lypa/i/i^, a stroke or line ; TreraAov, a leaf] . In biology, having petals like leaves of grass, linear. Grana paradisi (gran' -ah par-ad-i'-si) [I^.]. See Grains of Paradise. Granatum (gran-a' -turn) \_granum, a grain: gen., Granaii"]. Pomegranate. The cortex of the root of Punica granatum contains a liquid aS^aXoiA, pelletierin, CgHjjNO, one of the most efficient anthelmintics against tapeworm, rarely failing to bring away the whole worm. G., Fid. Ext. Dose gss-jss. G., Decoctum, fresh bark gxvij, water 3^^'j> boiled to ^xij and strained. Dose §iv-vj. Pelletierin tannas, tannate of the alkaloid, CjHjjNO.Cj^HjjOg. Dose gr. v-xx followed by a quick purgative. P. sul- phas, very hygroscopic. Dose v-x. All unof. • Grancher's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Grand Mai [grand ma(h)l) [Fr.]. A term for fully- developed epilepsy ; major epilepsy. Grandeau's 'Test. See Tests, Table of. Grandeur, Delirium of, or Delusions of. Insane exaltation of mind, with false opinions as to one's own greatness and dignity. Grandidentatus (gran-de-den-ta'-tus) [grandis, large; dens, a tooth]. Having large teeth. Grandin [gran' -din) [grando, a hailstone]. A peculiar substance found in the urine of pregnant women. It is supposed to produce kyestein by its decomposition. Grandry's Corpuscles. A variety of sensitive nerve- terminations consisting of delicately punctate and sharply defined cells that are flattened and lens-like in form, and have a nucleus, the latter being the so-called Tactile Cells of Merkel. They occur in the beak and tongue of the duck and goose, in the epidermis of man and mammals, etc. They are the same as the Cor- puscles of Krause. Graniticoline [ gran-it-ik' -o-lin) [It. , granito, grsinhe ; colere, to inhabit]. In biology, applied to such lichens as grow upon granite. Granny Knot [gran'-e not). A tie of a cord in which in the second loop the end of one cord is over and the other under its fellow, so that the two loops do not lie in the same line. This knot can easily be converted into a slip-knot. See Knot. Granular [gran'-u-lar) \_granum, a grain]. Made up of, containing, or bearing granules. G. Casts. See Casts. G. Corpuscles. See Granule-cell. G. De- generation. See Cloudy Swelling. G. Degenera- tion of the Cervix. See Erosion. G. Kidney, a kidney affected with diffuse or insterstitial nephritis. G. Lids. See Trachoma. G. Liver, a cirrhosed liver. See Cirrhosis. G. Pharyngitis, follicular pharyngitis. Granulated {gran' -u-la-ted) [granula, a little grain]. Characterized by the presence of granulations or granules. Granulation {gran-u-la'-shun) Igranula, dim. of gra- num, a grain], i. The operation of reducing coarsely crystalline substances to particles of uniform size by solution and rapid evaporation, with constant stirring. Some substances, like ferrous sulphate, are best gran- ulated by filtering a strong solution into alcohol. 2. The formation of new or cicatricial tissue in the repair of wounds or sores, the surface of which has a granu- lar appearance ; also, any one of the elevated points of such a surface or formation. G., Miliary, a mili- ary tubercle. G.-tissue, new or cicatricial tissue made up of granulations, or by the process of granu- lation. Granulative [gran'-u-la-tiv) [granula, a little grain] . Pertaining to or marked by the process of granulation. Granule [gran' -ill) [granula, a little grain]. In anat- omy, any small rounded grain, such as is found in the Malpighian bodies of the spleen. Also a spore or an isolated cell. In pharmacy, a small pill. G., Ele- mentary, irregular protoplasmic bodies in the blood, smaller than ordinary blood-corpuscles. G., Seminal, any one of the solid particles of the semen , consisting of round, granular corpuscles. G.-cell, any one of a variety of round cells found in pathologically softened brain-tissue, and densely "filled with fat-globules. G.- tnass, a giant-cell. Granulia [p-ran-u' -le-ah) [granula, a little grain]. Em- pis' name for an acute inflammatory condition dis- tinct from tuberculosis, but, like it, characterized by the development of granulations within organs and on serous surfaces. Granulistics [gran-u-lis'-tiks) [granula, a little grain]. That branch of physics employed in the estimation of the volume or capacity of a body by means of seed, shot, sand, granules, etc. Granulitis [gran-u-li' -tis) [granula, a little grain ; inf, inflammation]. Acute miliary tuberculosis. Granuloma (gran-u-lo' -mah) [granulum, a small grain ; bjia, a tumor : pi. , Granulomata']. A term used by Virchow to include such a neoplasm as does not advance beyond the stage of granulation-tissue. G. fungoides ; Mycosis fungoides ; Fibroma fungoides ; a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder, probably of specific origin , that affects the superficial and deep layers of the skin, and occasionally the mucous membranes. It is marked by the appearance of urticarial, erythematous, or eczema- tous patches, of irregular shape and size, with well- defined margins, usually upon the scalp and skin of the trunk. Itching is intense, and frequently the GRANULOMATOUS 532 GRAY patches become hypertrophic, and firm, hard nodules, varying in size from tliat of a pea to an apple, either sessile or pedunculated, develop on them. These eventually break down, to form deep, unsightly ulcers that contain sensitive, fungating granulation-tissue, and discharge thin pus and serum. Death results from a progressive cachexia. See Mycosis. Granulomatous {gran-u-lo' -mat-us) \_grltnula, a little grain; 6/ia, a tumor]. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with granuloma. G. Inflammation. See Inflammation. Granulose (^rflK'-a-Zoi) \_granula,a.gra.m'\. The ma- terial that forms the inner portion of starch-granules ; it is enclosed by coats of cellulose. Granum Igra'-num). See Grain. Granville s Lotion. A compound liniment of ammonia. • Grape-cure [grap'-iur). A cure for pulmonary tuber- culosis, consisting in the ingestion of quantities of grapes. Some patients should not take more than an average of two pounds daily, beginning with about a. pound, and other patients should not exceed four pounds. The laxative influence of the grapes is also beneficial. Irritation of the gums produced by the treatment should be relieved by rinsing the mouth with cold water to which a little bicarbonate of sodium is added. G. -disease, a. vulgar synomyn for tuber- culous disease of cattle. G. -sugar. See Glucose and Dextrose. Grapes i^graps'). Same as Grape-disease. Graphite i^graf'-lt) [ypa(pci,v, to write]. Plumbago, or black lead, an impure allotropic form of carbon. It has been applied externally in skin-diseases ; its dilu- tions are also used by homeopathists. Unof. Graphology [graf-ol' -o-je) [ypa(pii, writing; Uyo;, science]. The study of the handwriting or of written sentences, for the purpose of diagnosticating nerve- disease or brain-lesion. Graphomania ( graf-o-ma' -ne-ah ) \y()a^, writing ; jiavM, madness]. An insane desire to write. Graphomaniac {^(2/^d7-OTa^-Kf-f7^) [7p(i0e/.i^, to write; /lavia, madness]. One affected with graphomania. Graphospasm (^graf'-o-spazm^ [jpaff/, writing ; mraa- /i6c, spasm]. Writers' cramp. Grass [gras) [ME., gras, grass]. Herbage. G.-oil. See Anthoxanthum. G. -staggers, indigestion of cattle. G.-tree Resin. See Xanthorrhea. Grating {gra'-ting') \_grata, a grating]. A frame or screen composed of bars. Also a sound produced by the friction of very rough surfaces against each other. In optics, a glass ruled with exceedingly fine parallel lines to produce chromatic dispersion in the rays of light reflected from it. Gratiola (^gra-ti'-o-lah) [gratia, grace]. A genus of scrophulariaceous herbs. G. aurea, G. carolinensis, G. virginiana, and other N. American species are actively medicinal, but are little used. G. officinalis, of Europe, is cathartic, emetic, and diuretic, and is a decided poison. Unof. Gratiolet's Ang:le. See Angle. G.'s Bundle, optic radiations running into the occipital cortex. Gratiolin [gra-ti'-o-lin) [gratia, grace], CjoHjiO,. A crystalline, bitter glucosid from Gratiola officinalis. It was formerly used as a hydragogue. Gratiolirrhetin Igra-te-o-lir-et' -in) [gratia, grace ; priTivri, resin], CjjHjjOj,. A resinoid substance; a decomposition -product of gratiolin. OiTa.U.ai%c {grah-taWzh') [Fr.]. A method of remov- ing morbid growths , as polypi or trachomatous granu- lations, by rubbing with a harsh sponge or brush. Grave [grav) [ME., grave, a grave]. An excavation in the earth for burying the dead. G.-wax. See Adipocere. Gravedo {grav-e'-elo)['L.'\. i. Muscular rheumatism of the head. 2. Coryza. Giawel (grav^-el) [ME. , gravel , gravel]. In surgery, a, common name for the larger calculi or urinary concre- tions. Also, difBcult or painful micturition. G.- plant. See Trailing Ariutus. G. -root. Queen of the Meadow, the root of Eupatorium purpureum, or of Collinsonia canadensis. See Eupatorium and Collin- sonia. Graveolent [grav'-e-o-lent) [gravis, heavy; olere, to smell]. Having a strong, unpleasant odor; fetid. Graves' Disease. See Goiter, Exophthalmic, and Diseases, Table of. Gravid [grav'-id) [gravare, to load]. With child, pregnant. G. Uterus, the womb during pregnancy or gestation. Qra.vi&a. ( grav' -id-ah) [gravidus, pregnant]. A preg- nant woman. Giavidin {grav'-id-in) [gravidus,pTegnB.nt']. A pecu- liar substance occurring in white transparent globules on the surface of the urine voided by pregnant women. G.-test, a worthless sign of pregnancy. After the first month of pregnancy the urine of the gravid woman, if allowed to stand from thirty hours to eight days, will have formed upon it a pellicle with a cheesy odor and an appearance like the " fatty scum of cooled broth." Examined microscopically and chemically the pellicle shows fungi, triple phosphates, fat-globules, and sometimes a pequliar form of albumin. It may be found in urine from men, young girls, and very old women, hence is of no value as a test of pregnancy. The test is also called the Kyestein Test. Gravidism, or Gravidity [grav'-id-izm, or grav-id'- it-e) [gravidus, pregnant]. Pregnancy, or the total- ity of symptoms presented by a pregnant woman. Gravimeter [grav-im'-et-er) [gravis , ''nes.yy; jihpov, measure]. An instrument used in determining spe- cific gravities ; especially a hydrometer, aerometer, or urinometer. Gravity [grav'-it-e) [gravis, heavy]. The property of possessing weight. Also, a condition of serious im- port. G., Specific, the measured weight of a sub- stance compared with that of an equal volume of an- other taken as a standard. For gaseous fluids, hydro- gen is taken as the standard ; for liquids and solids, distilled water at its maximum density. Grawitz's Theory. A theory as to the immunity con- ferred by inoculation. The cells of the body and the bacteria take their nutrition from the same places, and it is a true fight for existence between them. If the cells come out victorious, they become habituated to the struggle with the bacteria, and are more able to resist a second attack, and this quality is transmitted to the succeeding generations of body-cells by heredity. This theory is purely hypothetic. Gray [gra] [ME., gray, gray], i. Of a color between white and black. 2. Having gray hairs. G. Hepatiza- tion. See Hepatization and Pneumonia. G. Indura- tion. See Induration. G. Infiltration. See Infiltration. G. Lanolin Ointment. See G. Oil. G. Matter, the cinerea. See Brain. G. Oil, Oleum cinereum, a semifluid, fatty, mercurial liquid introduced into medicine by Lang, of Vienna, in 1 886. It is used in the treatment of syphilis by injections. It is prepared as follows: A given quantity of lanolin — I or 2 drams — is rubbed up with sufficient chloroform to emulsify it. This mixture is to be thoroughly triturat- ed, during which operation the chloroform will evap- orate. While the mixture is still in a fluid state, metallic mercury to the amount of double the quantity of the lanolin is to be added, the trituration being meanwhile continued. As a result, a pomade of mer- GREASE 533 GROCERS' ITCH cury is left, which represents two parts of mercury and one part of lanolin. This is called strong gray lanolin ointment. From this salve-basis a 50 per cent, oleum cinereum, or gray oil, may be obtained by mixing three parts with one part of olive-oil. A mild gray lanolin ointment may be made in the same manner as the strong, by taking equal parts of lanolin and mer- cury and thoroughly mixing them. From this salve- basis a 30 per cent, gray oil may be made by mixing six parts with four parts of fresh almond-oil or olive- oil. G. Powder, hydrargyrum cum creta. See Hy- drargyrum. Grease {grSs) [ME., ^«i;, grease]. Soft or oily ani- mal fat. In farriery, a swelling and inflammation in a horse's leg, with excretion of oily matter and the for- mation of cracks in the skin. G.-trap, a contrivance employed to prevent clogging of waste-pipes, as well as to save the grease, which has considerable commer- cial value. Great (grai) [ME. , grei, great] . Large. G. Laurel, the leaves of Rhododendron maximum, an expectorant, useful in obstinate coughs. Dose of the fld. ext. tT\^v-xv. Unof. G. Mortality. Synonym of the Plague. G. Pox. Synonym of Syphilis, to distinguish it from smallpox. Green {grin) [ME.,grene, green]. I. Verdant; of the color of grass. 2. Unripe; not mature. G. Blindness. Achloropsia, g. v. G. Dragon, the corm of Arum dracontium, an expectorant and diaphoretic. Dose of the fld. ext. tl\j-x. Unof. G. Bice. See Bre- men Green. G.-blue. Same as Soluble-blue. G. Cinnabar. See Pigments, Conspectus of. G. Gland, oneof theexcretory organs (kidney) of a decapod crusta- cean formerly supposed (in Astacus) to be an auditory organ. The secretions contain uric acid and traces of the base^ffi«j«. G. -heart. Sise Bebeeru. G.-man. See Aceras. G. Osier, the bark of Cornus circinata, an astringent, tonic, and febrifuge. Dose of the fld. ext. 11\,xx-^^j. Unof. G., Paris, cupric arsenite. G., Scheele's, cupric arsenite. G., Schwreinfurth's, a compound of cupric arsenite and cupric arsenate. G. -sickness. See Chlorosis. G. Smalt. Same as Rinmann's Green. G. -stick Fracture. See Frac- ture. G. Verditer. See Bremen Green. Green's Test-types. A slight modification of Snellen's Test-types, q. v. Greenhovy's Cholera-mixture. A mixture containing guaiacum, cloves, cinnamon, each I ounce ; brandy, 2 pints. Greffotome {gref -o-tom) [Fr. , greffe, graft ; To/idc;, cutting]. A knife used in cutting slips for surgical grafting, Gregarina (greg-ar-e^-nah) {^rex, a herd]. A genus of parasitic protozoa, of extremely simple nature. It is not certain that any true Gregarince infest the human subject, most of the supposed protozoan parasites of the human species being now referred to other classes or groups. See Parasites [Animal) , Table of. Gregarinosis (greg-ar-in-o' -sis) [grex, a herd ; vdffof , disease]. A morbid condition due to infestation by Gregarinm. Gregarious {gre-ga' -re-us) [grex, a flock, a herd]. In biology, clustered, but not matted together, as the fruit-spots of a parasitic fungus ; e. g.,the cluster-cups. Gregory's Powder. Compound powder of rhubarb. G. 's Salt, crude hydrochlorate of morphin containing codein. Grenacher's Alcoholic Carmin. See Stains, Table of. G.'s Alum-carmin. See Stains, Table of. G.'s Pur- purin Solution. See Stains, Table of. G.'s Solu- tion. See Stains, Table of. Grenade [gren-dd'). Synonym of Influenza. Grenet Cell. See Cell. Gressorial [gres-o' -re-al) [gressus, p.p. of gradi, to walk]. In biology, adapted for walking; gradient. Griesinger's Disease. Cachexia aquosa. Griffe (grif) \Siii. , grifos , frizzled hair]. 1. In biology, ■the offspring of a mulatto and a negress, or of a mulat- tress and a negro. See Mulatto. 2. See Main engriffe. Griffin Hand [grif -in hand). Same as Claw-hand. Griffith's Mixture. See Ferrum. G.'s Pills. See Ferrum. G.'s Snow-white. Same as Zincolith. Grin [ME., grinnen, to show the teeth]. To smile, at the same time showing the teeth. Grindelia [grin-de' -le-ah) [after H. Grindel, nGermxa botanist]. The leaves and flowering top of G. robus- ta, Wild Sunflower, or Gum-plant, found in California, an anstipasmodic and motor-depressant, in large doses producing mydriasis. It is valuable in asthma, bronchi- tis, and whooping-cough. Dose of the fld. ext. n\,x- 5J ; of the alcoholic extract, gr. iij. G. squarrosa, common ague- weed, an herb popular in the western U. S. as a remedy for ague and malarial diseases. It has proved serviceable in chronic rheumatism. Dose of the fld. ext. tn,xv-xxx. Unof. G. hirsutula and G. integrifolia of the Pacific States have similar qualities. These plants are all highly resinous ; their tinctures or infusions are said to cure the dermatitis of rhus-pois- oning. Grindelin [grin' -del-in). An alkaloid reported to exist in Grindelia robusta. GiindeT [grin'-der) [ME., gryndere,ami\ler^. I. See Quizzer. 2. A molar tooth. Grinders' Asthma. A chronic affection of the lungs resulting from the inspiration of metallic or siliceous dust, accumulating in the lungs, and producing symp- toms similar to those of tuberculosis. It is called also G.'s Rot and G.'s Disease. G.'s Disease. See G.'s Asthma. G.'s Phthisis. See G.'s Asthma. G.'s Rot. See G.'s Asthma. Grinning [grin' -ing) [ME., grinnen, to snarl]. Draw- ing back the lips, so as to show the teeth. G.-mus- cle. See Muscles, Table of. Grip or Grippe [grip). See Influenza. Gripe [gnp) [ME., gripen, to seize], i. To suffer griping pains. 2. A spasmodic pain in the bowels ; cramp-colic. Gripes [grips) [ME., gripen, to seize]. Colic; tor- mina. Grippal [grip'-al) [¥r., gripper, to seize]. Pertaining to influenza. Grippo-toxin [grip-o-toks' -in) \la grippe, an epidemic form of influenza; toxicum, poison]. A term intro- duced by Althaus to designate the toxin of influenza. Griseous [gris'-e-us) [griseus, gray]. Gray or bluish- gray. Grisolle Sign [gre-zol' sin). A sign said to be a cer- tain means of diagnosis of smallpox. If, upon stretch- ing an affected portion of the skin, the papule becomes impalpable to the touch, the eruption is caused by measles ; if, on the contrary, the papule is still felt when the skin is drawn out, the eruption is the result of smallpox. Gristle [gris'-l) [ME., gristel, cartilage]. The popu- lar name for cardlage. Qris\.ly[gris'-le) [ME., gristel, cartilage]. Cartilagin- ous ; like gristle. Groan [gron) [ME., gronen, to groan]. To utter a low, moaning sound, as when in pain. The sound so uttered. Grocers' Itch [gro'-serz ich). Eczema of the hands, due to irritation from flour, sugar, etc. It is said to be due, in some cases, to the presence of sugar-mites upon the hands. GROIN 534 GUACIN Groin [origin obscure]. The depression between the belly and the thigh. Groove [groov) [D., groof, a channel]. A furrow or channel. G., Auriculo-ventricular. See Furrow. G., Bicipital, the deep groove on the anterior surface of the humerus separating the greater and lesser tub- erosities. G., Cavernous, a broad groove on the supe- rior surface of the sphenoid bone lodging the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. G., Dental. See Dental Groove. G., Infraorbital, the furrow at the posterior portion of the superior maxillary bone on its orbital surface, which finally develops into a canal of the same name. G., Lachrymal, a groove in front of the opening of the antrum, on the inner surface of the superior maxillary bone. G., Medullary, a long shallow furrow that appears along the dorsal line of the neural tube of the embryo. G., Mylo-hyoid, the groove on the inner surface of the inferior maxil- lary bone running from the submaxillary fossa to the inferior dental foramen. G., Nasal, the groove in the nasal bone for the nasal nerve. G., Occipital, the groove in the mastoid portion of the temporal bone, that lodges the occipital artery. G., Optic, the groove on the superior surface of the sphenoid bone terminating on either side in the optic foramen. G., Sacral, the channel on the back of the sacrum between the spinous and transverse processes. G., Subcla- vian, the longitudinal groove on the under surface of the clavicle for the attachment of the subclavius mus- cle. G., Spiral. See Sulcus spiralis. G., Verte- bral, the groove running along the spine on each side of the spinous process. Groping- test [grop'-ing'tesi). In ophthalmology, a test for false orientation in paralysis of the ocular muscles. The affected eye does not locate objects in their true place, and if asked to point quickly at an object the patient's finger will be carried to one side of it. Gtos yial [gro-ma{h) I) [Fr.]. The well-marked form of epilepsy ; major epilepsy. Gross (grds) l¥.,gros, great]. Coarse; great. G. Anatomy, anatomy considered without reference to histology or the details of minute structure. G. Ap- pearances, macroscopic appearances. Grote's Test. See Tests, Table of. Grough, Grouph (gruf). See Gruff. Ground (grownd) [M.'E., ground, growadt']. The bot- tom ; soil ; earth. G. Ivy, a popular name for Gaul- theria procumbens. G. Laurel. See Trailing Arbu- tus. G.-nut. See Apios. G. -nut Oil, peanut oil. A fixed oil expressed from the embryo of the seed of the peanut, Arachis liypogiea. It resembles olive-oil in general properties, and for which it is often substi- tuted. G. -water. See Subsoil-water. Groundseltree. See Baccharis. Grouse [grows) \0¥., griesche, gray]. A bird of the genus Tetrao. G. -berry, a popular name for Gaul- theria procumbens. G.-disease, adisease that attacks and destroys great numbers of red grouse [Lagopus sco- ticus) of Europe ; it is believed to be due to the over- stocking of its haunts and the propagation of the species by depauperized parents. It is said by some writers to be due to the presence of a parasite, Stron- gylus pergracilis, in the bronchial passages. See Para- sites [Animal) , Table of. Grove Cell. See Cell. Grow [gro) [M^., gro^uen, to grow]. To increase by a natural process of development. Growing (gro'-ing) [ME., growen, to grow]. In- creasing in size. G.-fever, pyrexia associated with rapid growth. G. -pains, a term applied to neuralgic or rheumatic pains in the limbs occurring during youth, apparently of varied origin and character. G.-point, in botany, the tissue immediately about the apical cell ; the tip of the stem or other point where cell-division is active ; the Punctum vegetationis. Growth [groth) [ME., growen, to grow], i. The augmentation of the body that takes place betweenin- fancy and adult age. Also, the increase of any part of the body by addition to the number of its cellular ele- ments, without the production of structural abnormality or differentiation into unlike tissues. 2. Any tumor or adventitious structure. Grub \_M.^., grubben, to dig], i. A dwarf. 2. See Comedo. G.-in-the-head. See ffij^nw oj/ir, under Parasites [Animal), Table of. G. -worms. See Comedo. Gruber's Experiment. An experiment for detecting anomalies of tension in the ear-membrane. A mem- brane already excessively tense will give no alteration during Valsalva's experiment [q. v.), but if the mem- brane has been previously unduly relaxed, Valsalva's experiment will, according to Gruber, restore its ten- sion, and the vibrating fork will be heard better by air- conduction, and worse by bone-conduction than be- fore or after. G.'s Gelatin Bougies, medicated al- mond-shaped pieces of gelatin for insertion into the auditory meatus. G.'s Method. 1. A method of washing out the tympana. Syringe the fluid into one nostril with the other closed, the fluid entering the tympana by way of the Eustachian tubes. 2. A method of inflating the middle ear. The patient is required to phonate at the moment the inflation-bag is compressed. A short word, ending in a guttural con- sonant, is advised, as " hie" or "hook." Gruel [gru'-el) [dim. of grutum, meal]. A decoction of corn-meal or oat-meal boiled in water to a thick paste. Gruff (gruf) [D. , grof coarse]. Any crude drug; also the coarse part of a drug that will not pass through a sieve ; the term is used also adjectively, as gruff sulphur or saltpeter. Grume [groom) \_grumus, a little heap]. A clot, as of blood ; a thick and viscid fluid. Grumose [gru'-mbs) \_grumus, a little heap]. Same as Grumous. Grumous [gru'-mus) \_grumus, alittleheap]. Knotted, clotty, or in granular masses. Formed of coarse, clustered grains. Grutum [gru'-tum) [grutum, grit]. A small, hard tubercle of the skin , usually seen on the face, and due to retention of sebaceous matter. It is also called Miliary Tubercle and Pearly Tubercle. See Milium. Gruyere Cheese [gru-yar'). See Cheese. Giyposis[g?-i-po'-sis) [yp^JTrumf, curvature]. Curvature. See Arthrogryposis and Onychogryposis. Gscheidlen's Method. A method of preparing hemo- globin crystals. Take defibrinated blood that has been exposed for 24 hours to the air, and keep it in a closed tube of narrow caliber for several days at 37° C. When the blood is spread on glass the crystals form rapidly. Gtt. Abbreviation of gutta, ox guttce, drop, or drops. Guachamaca [gwaw-shaw-maw' -kah) [S. America]. The bark of an apocynaceous tree. G. toxifera, or Malouetia nitida, of 5. America, furnishes a virulent arrow-poison, somewhat resembling curare; it has been employed in tetanus and hydrophobia. Unof. Guachata, or Guachacata [gwaw-chaw' -tah, or givaw- chaiv-kat'-ah) [Mex.]. The flowers of a Mexican plant, containing several bitter tonic principles. Unof. Guacin [giuaw'-sin) \_guaco\ A bitter resin from guaco ; it is diaphoretic, stimulant, and emetic. Unof. GUACO 535 GUMMA Guaco (^woKi'-^o) [S. Amer.]. Theleaves oi Miiania guaco, much used in S. America for snake-bites. If is thought to be of value in chronic rheumatism. Dose of thefld. ext. 3ss-j. Unof. Various species of jfe'zV&a- nia and Aristolochia are locally known by this name. Guaiac (gwi'-ak) [S. Amer]. See Guaiacum. G.- mixture, Fanner's. The Tinctura antacrida [N. F.], a tincture of the resin of guaiacum and Canada turpentine, in which each fluidram contains ^ of a grain of the corrosive chlorid of mercury. G.- test. See Tests, Table of. Guaiacol {gwi'-ak-ol') [S. Amer.], C^HgOj. A sub- stance that occurs in wood-tar, and is also produced on heating pyrocatechin with potassium hydroxid and po- tassium methyl-sulphate to 1 80° C. It is a colorless liquid that boils at 200° C. , and has a specific gravity of 1. 1 17. It is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and acedc acid, and is recommended instead of creasote in pulmonary tuberculosis. Dcse m j-ij, or gr. j^-\. Sciolla(l893)found that topical applications of guaiacol reduced bodily temperature, and J. Solis-Cohen and Da Costa (1894) have applied the method successfully in cases of high temperature in typhoid fever and other febrile diseases. The dose is about 30 drops slowly rubbed on the skin of the abdomen or thigh. Unof. Guaiacum [gwi'-ak-unt) [Gualcauans, a tribe of S. A. Indians] . Lignum vit£e. The heart of the tree, and also the oleoresin, of G. officinale and G. sanctum, a prompt diaphoretic, expectorant, and alterative, efficient in tonsillitis, neuralgic dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and rheumatism, and formerly much used as an antisyphili- tic. Dose gr. x-xxx. G., Mist. (B. P.) Dose|j-iss. G., Resina, the resin of the wood of G. officinale. G., Tinct., strength 20 percent. Dose Tt\,v-gj in mucil- age. G., Tinct., Ammoniat,, contains guaiac 20, and aromatic spirit of ammonia 80 parts. Dose Tt^^v-g ss. Guanin (^gwaw'-nin)\%T^., guano, ian^, C5H5N5O. A leukomaine discovered by Unger in 1844, as a con- stituent of guano. Since then it has been found in small quantities in the pancreas, liver, and muscle-ex- tract, and has been shown to be one of the decomposi- tion products of nuclein in both animal and vegetable organisms. In the case of the lower animals it is evi- dently the end-product of katabolic change. It is a white, amorphous powder, insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, and ammonia. Guanin and kreatin appear to mutually replace each other — both being substituted guanidins. Guanin is an intermediate product in the formation of urea. It is non-poisonous and a muscle- stimulant. See Capranica''s Tests. Quano [gwaw'-no) [Peruv., huanu, dung]. The ex- crement of sea-fowl found on certain islands in the rainless regions of the Pacific Ocean. It consists es- sentially of alkaline urates and phosphates. It is used externally in certain skin-diseases. Unof. Quarana [gwmo-rak' -nah) [the name of a tribe of S. A. Indians] . A dried paste prepared from the seeds of Paullinia cupana, found in Brazil. It contains an alka- loid, guaranin, CgHj^NjO^. HjO, identical with caffein. It is employed chiefly in nervous sick-headaches. The commercial preparations are not always trustworthy. Dose of tho fid. ext., n\,v-xxx ; of guaranin gr. j-iij ; of the solid eaQ, horn]. In biology, applied to certain insects with prominent antennae. Gymnocidium ( jim-no-sid' -e-um) [yv\iv6^, naked : pi., Gymnocidia']. In biology, the swelling at the base of the spore-case in certain mosses. Gymnocladus [jim-nok'-lad-us). See Chicot. Gyianocyia{Jim-no-si'-tah)[yv/iv6i, naked; /cirocahol- low] . In biology, a naked-celled , unicellular organism. Gymnocytode [jim-no-si'-tod) [yvfiv6^, naked; /oiTOf, a hollow] . In biology, a naked, non-nucleated, unicellu- lar organism, as a gregarine while in the monerad stage. Gymnodont [jim'-no-dont) [yvij,v6q, naked; 6Wf, tooth]. In biology, having naked teeth; applied to certain fishes, as the parrot-fish, the globe-fish, etc. GYMNOGEN 537 GYRUS Gymnogen (jim' -no-Jen) [yv/zviif , naked ; yevfiQ, pro- ducing]. Same as Gymnosperm. Gymnogenous (jitn-noj' -en-us) [jviivdg, naked ; yevr/c, producing]. In biology, applied to birds that are naked when hatched. Gymnogynous ijim-noj' -in-us) [yvfivdq, naked ; ywfj, female]. In biology, applied to such plants as have the ovary uncovered. Gymnomyxine [jim-no-miks'-in) [yv/iv6g, naked ; /iv^a, slime]. In biology, applied to the lovirer pro- tozoa. Gymnorhinal i^jim-nor-i' -nal) \yvfiv6g, naked ; pi'f, nose] . In biology, applied to birds having the nos- trils naked or unfeathered. Gymnosomatous (jim-no-so'-mat-us) \yviJ.v6g, naked ; aojia, body]. In biology, applied to certain molluscs that produce no shell ; specifically, naked pteropods. Gymnosperm (^jim' -no-sperm) [yvfivdQ, naked ; antpiia, seed]. In biology, a plant characterized by having naked seeds (not inclosed in a pericarp^, as in the coniferse. Gymnospore {jim'-no-spor) \yviiv6i, naked; andpog, a seed]. In biology, a naked spore. Gymnostomous (^jim-nos' -to-mus) \yvjiv6q, naked ; tSTdjia, mouth]. In biology, applied to such mosses as have the mouth of the sporangium destitute of a peristome. Gynse- {jin'-eY See Gyne-. Gynaecology [jin-e-kol' -o-je) . See Gynecology. Gynecomastia (Jin-e-ko-mas'-te-ah). See Gyneco- mastia. Gynander (Jin-an'-der) \ym!ii, woman; hmiip, man]. A man of effeminate or woman-like qualities. Gynandria (jin-an'-dre-ah) [jmr/, woman ; av^p, man]. The same !& Hermaphroditism. Gynandrism, or Gynandromorphism [jin-an'-drizm ox jin-an' -dro-mor' -fizm) \ymii, woman ; avrip, man ; jwp¥l, form]. Hermaphroditism. Gynandromorphism ijin-an-dro-morf'-izm) \yv>iii, female; aviip, male; fiopifii, form]. In biology, ap- plied to such insect-monstrosities as combine both male and female characters. Gynandrophore {jin-an' -dro-fir) [yw^, female ; avr/p, male ; ^epeiv, to bear] . In biology, a stalk raising the stamens and pistils above the insertion of the corolla. Gynandrosporous {jin-an-dros^ -por-us) \_yvvfi, female ; av^p, male; airSpoc, a seed]. In biology, applied to certain alg« that bear both male and female reproduc- tive organs (oogonia and androspores) on the same plant. Gynandrous [jin-an' -drus) \_yi)vavSpog, of doubtful sex]. In biology, having the stamens and pistils more or less intimately united. Gynantherous [jin-an' -ther-us) \ym>ii, female ; av6rip6(, flowering]. In biology, applied to flowers in which the stamens have been converted into pistils. Gynatresia (jin-at-re' -ze-ah) {ymii, woman ; arpTjaia, atresia]. Vaginal atresia. Gynecatoptron ( jin-ek-at-op' -iron) [ywi/, woman ; mTOTTpov, mirror]. A vaginal speculum. Gynecian (jin-e'-se-an) [yw^, a woman]. Pertaining to women. Gynecic (jin-e'-sik) {ym>^, woman]. Relating to women. QyncciMva [jin-e' -se-um) [}'Wi^, female ; okof, house]. In biology, the name applied to the pistils of a flower taken as a whole. Gynecologic [jin-e-ko-loj'-ik ) [yn^, ^ woman ; /liiyof, science]. Relating to gynecology. Gynecologist [jin-e-kaV -o-jist) [yvvi/, a woman ; Myoi, science] . One who practises in gynecology. Gynecology [jin-e-kol'-o-je) \ymii, a woman ; "kbyog, science] . The science and therapeutics of thediseases of women. Gynecomania [jin-e-ko-ma' -ne-ah) [yvm/, woman ; /lavia, madness]. Satyriasis. Gynecomastia (jin-e-ko-mas' -te-afi) \ymij, woman ; /iatTTiif, breast]. I. The excessive development of the breast of a man, either with or without atrophy of the testicles. 2. The secretion of milk by the male. Gynecomasty [jin' -e-ko-mas-te). See Gynecomastia. Gynecomazia (Jin-e-ko-ma' -ze-ah) \_yu\ni, woman ; /taZ6(, breast]. Same as Gynecomastia. Gynecopathy [jin-e-kop' -ath-e) \ywri^ woman ; Tvadog, disease]. Any disease of, or peculiar to, women ; the study of diseases of women. Gynecophore [jin' -e-ko-for) \yiniij, female ; (jiipetv, to bear}. In biology, the canal or receptacle in certain male worms, in which the female is retained, as in Bil- Gynephobia [jin-e-fo'-be-ah) [yvvi/, woman; fear] . Morbid aversion to the society of women. Gyniatrics [jin-e-a' -triks) \ymiij, woman ; larpsia, therapy]. Gynecology, or gynecologic therapeutics. Gynobase [jin'-o-bds) [7W7, a female ; pdaig, base]. In biology, an elevated portion of the receptacle of a flower, bearing the ovary. Gynocardia [jin-o-kar' -de-ah). See Chaulmoogra. Gynodiecious [jin-o-di-e'-se-us) [yw^, female ; die, two; oZ/cof, house]. In biolpgy, having pistillate flowers on one set of plants and perfect flowers on an- other set. Gynomonecious (jin-o-mo-ne'-se-us) [ywij, female ; /idvoc, single ; o5/cof, house]. In biology, having both pistillate and perfect flowers upon the same plant. Gynophore (jin'-o-for) \ymii, female; ^cpeZv, to bear]. In biology : {a) The stalk of a pistil raising it above the receptacle ; (b) The branch of a hydroid gono- blastidium that bears only generative buds containing ova. Gynoplastic (jin-o-plas' -tik) [ymi;, woman ; TrXaanKSg, suitable for moulding]. Pertaining to the closing of unnatural openings, or to the dilatation of contracted, narrow openings in the female organs of generation. Gynostegium (jin-o-ste'-je-um) [yvpi/, female ; aTeyrj, a roof]. In biology, the sheath or covering of the gynecium, or female portion of a flower taken as a whole. Gjrpsum [jip/sum) [yti^of, lime]. Native calcium sul- phate. See Calcitim. Gyral (ji'-ral) \jyrare, to turn or whirl] . Pertaining to a gyrus or to gyri. Gyration (ji-ra' -shun) \_gyrare, to turn or whirl]. A turning in a circle ; also, giddiness. Gyre (^jir) [gyrus, a circle]. A convolution, and a more commendable word than the polysyllable. GyTopboiaL{ ji-rof-or-ah)lyvpog, ring ; (popelv, to bear]. A genus of lichens, some species of which afford the tripe de roche, a rock-tripe of Northern Canada. Though tough, acrid, and unpalatable, these lichens are sometimes eaten when other food is not to be had. Gyropsoriasis [ji-ro-sor-i'-as-is) [yvp6Q, round; liiuplaatg, a skin-disease]. Psoriasis occurring in cir- cular patches. Gyrosa [ji-ro'-sah) \yvpog, a circle]. A_ variety of gastric vertigo in which, when the patient is standing, everything turns around him, and he must close his eyes to avoid falling. Gyrospasm (ji' -ro-spazm) \yvpog, circle ; aTvaa/idc, spasm]. A peculiar rotary spasm of the head, and sometimes a nodding spasm. Gyrus (ji'-rm) [gyrus, yvpog, a circle ; pi. , Gyri] . A convolution of the brain. See Convolution. H 538 HALF H H. Abbreviation of Hypermetropia. In chemistry, tlie symbol of hydrogen. In pharmacy, the symbol of Haustus^ a draught. Haarlem Blue. Same as Mineral Blue. Habena {;4ai5-«'-««/«) [L. , " a rein "]. i. A peduncle of the conarium. A slight ridge at the dorsal margin of the mesal surface of the thalamus, with a dorsal convexity, extending from the porta to the supracom- missure, which unites it with its opposite. 2. A bandage or strip of plaster for a wound. Habenal, or Habenar (hab-e'-nal, or hab-e'-nar) \_ha- bena, a rein] . Relating to the habena. Habenula {Jiab-en' -u-lali) [habena, a rein] . A ribbon- like structure. The superficial gray nucleus of the optic thalamus in front, and superior to the posterior commissure. H. conarii. Same as Habena. H. pectinata, perforativa, and tecta (or arcuata), names of different zones, or portions of the basilar membrane of the internal ear ; called also Zona pecti- nata, etc. Habenular (hab-en' -u-lar) [habena, a rein]. Pertain- ing to an habenula. Habit (hab'-it) [habere, to have], i. That condition or quality that one naturally possesses, or that may be ac- quired. 2. The tendency to repeat an action or condi- tion. 3. In biology, the general aspect of a plant or animal and its mode of growth. H. -chorea. See H.-spasm. H., Full, of a plethoric constitution. H.- spasm J Habit-chorea ; Convulsive Tic ; Gilles de la Tourette's Disease. A choreic disease characterized by simply localized spasmodic movements, or such movements combined with explosive utterances and psychic symptoms {convulsive tic). Habit-spasm is confined chiefly to young girls, and is marked mainly by spasmodic action of the facial muscles or of the head. Convulsive Tic or Gilles de la Tourette^s Disease is a psychosis allied to hysteria, and occurring usually in children of a neurotic tendency. It is marked by involuntary muscular movements, usually affecting the facial or brachial muscles, and by explosive utterances that may resemble a bark or an inarticulate cry. A word heard may be mimicked at once and repeated over and over again, usually with the involuntary movements. To this the term Echolalia has been ap- plied. Coprolalia, or the use of bad language, is another symptom, and occasionally actions are mim- icked (echokinesis) . These may also be associated with curious mental disturbances, the patient becoming the subject of a form of obsession or a fixed idea. Habitat (hab'-it-at) [habitare, to dwell]. The natural locality, or geographic range of an animal or plant. Habitation [hab-it-a'-shun) [habitatio, a dwelling]. A dwelling-place. The home, dwelling-place, or natural locality of an animal or a plant. Habitus (hab'-il-us) [habere, to have] . A habit ; gen- eral appearance or expression. Habromania (hab-ro-ma' -ne-ah) [a^piq, graceful ; /Mvia, madness] . Insanity with pleasant or agreeable delusions. Hachement (hahsh-momg)') [Fr., hacking, or chop- ping]. In massage, a succession of strokes, usually with the ulnar edge of the hand, sometimes with the border of the percutor. Hackberry {hak'-ber-e). See Celtis. Hacking (hak'-ing). See Tapoiement and Hache- ment. Haddock {had'-ok) [ME., haddok, haddock]. A fish, Gadus ceglejinus, closely allied to the cod. It is said that the oil of the liver of the haddock is some- times mixed with cod-liver- oil ; but such admixture is probably rare, as it greatly impairs the market value of the oil. Unof. Hasckel's Law. See Law. Haema- (hem' -ah-) [at^a, blood]. A prefix signifying some relationship with the blood. For words (unless unanglicized) thus beginning, see Hema-. Haemal (hem'-al). See Hemal. Haemanthin {hem-an'-thin). See Hemanthin. Hsematoxylin {hem-ai-oks' -il-in). See Hematoxylon. Haemin {hem.' -in). See Hemin. Haemo- (^hem'-o-). For words thus beginning see Hemo-. Haemorrhage [hem'-or-dj). See Hemorrhage. Haeser and Neubauer's Formula. A formula for estimating from the specific gravity the total amount of solids in the urine ; it is sufficiently accurate for clinical purposes. The estimation is made by multiply- ing the last two figures of the specific gravity by the factor 2.33, the product of which represents the num- ber of grams of solids in 1000 c.c. of the urine ; this must be multiplied by the number of c.c. of the urine under examination and divided by looo in order to obtain the correct amount of solids. Hagenia {haj-e'-ne-ah). See Kusso. Hager's Reagent. A reagent for the detection of sugar in the urine. It consists of the ferrocyanid of iron and caustic potassa. Hahnemannism [hahn'-e-man-izm). See Hotne- opathy. Haidinger's Brushes. A visual phenomenon seen upon directing the eye toward a source of polarized light, due to the doubly-refractive character of the elements of the macula. Hair {har\ [ME., here, hair]. The hirsute appendage of the skin. Each hair consists of a bulb and a shaft. The former is situated in the true skin, but is enveloped in a sheath of epidermis. H. -blanching. See Can- ities. H.-bulb, a whitish, soft, bulbous enlargement at the proximal extremity of the root of the hair. H.- cap Moss, Robin's Rye ; the leaves and stems of Polytrichum juniperufn, a powerful diuretic. Dose of the decoction ad lib. ; of the fld. ext. ^ j-ij . Unof H.-despoiler, an individual who is afflicted with a form of sexual perversion, in which the feelings are aroused during the act of mutilating or cutting-oif the hair of the victim. H. -follicle. See Follicle. H.- gland, a minute sebaceous gland of the hair-root. H.-knob, Henle's term for a hollow, bulbous hair- root. H. -papilla, the nipple-like process of the corium from which the hair grows. H. -pigment, the coloring-matter of the hair. H.-pith, the medulla of a hair, H.-root, that portion of a hair contained in the follicle. H. -shaft, the part of a hair above the root. (See illustration, page 539.) Hairy {har'-e) [ME., here, hair]. Covered with hair; consisting of hair. H. Heart. See Trichocardia and Cor villosum. H. Tongue. See Nigrities. Halberd-shaped {hal' -berd-shapt). Same as Hastate. Hale {hal) [ME., heil, in good health]. Sound; healthy ; robust. Half (haih)/) [ME., half, hsM'\. Oneoftwo equal parts. H.-bath. See Bath. H. -breed, a popular term applied to offspring whose parents belong to different races. H. -lying, in massage, reclining at an angle of about 45°. H. Neck-rest, in massage, having one hand supporting the neck posteriorly. H.-wit, a HALICORE 539 HAMANN'S ACID CARMIN weak-minded person ; an idiot. H.-witted, idiotic; weak in intellect. Root of a Hair and its Epidermic Sheath. I, I. External layer of epidermic sbeath. 2, 2. Its inferior ex- tremity. 3, 3. Internal layer. 4, 4. External layer of cuticle of hair. 5. Root of hair. 6 Bulb of root. 7, 7. Its periph- eral or fibrous portion. 8. Its central or medullary portion. 9, 9. Internal layer of cuticle of hair. Halicore {hal-ik' -or-e) [a/If, sea; K,6pri, maiden, mer- maid]. See Dugong. Halimeter [hal-im'-et-er) \aXvKLi;, saltness; jihpov, a measure]. An instrument for estimating the propor- tions of water in milk by means of its power to dis- solve common salt. Halisteresis {hal-is-ter-e' -sis) [a/If, salt ; aTipr]aii, privation]. The loss by fully-formed bones of ^ to Yi their lime-salts, resulting in osteomalacia. Halituous (hal-if -u-us) \_halitus, breath]. Moist, as if from having been breathed upon ; applied to the skin. Halitus (.ia/'-zV-Mj) [L.,a vapor]. A vapor. Also, ex- pired breath. H. oris foetidus, tainted or foul breath. H. sanguinis, the characteristic smell of the blood, peculiar to each kind of animal. Hall's (Marshall) Disease See Diseases, Table of. H.'s Method. See Artificial Respiration. Haller, Ansa of. See Ansa. H., Circle of. See Cir- cle and Circulus. H., Cones of, the Coni vasculosa. H., Fretum of. See Fretum. H., Line of. See Lines, Table of. H., Network of, the Rete vascu- losum of the testis. H., Passage of, in the embryo the narrow passage joining the auricle and ventricle of the heart. Hallex (/^a/'-f/fj) [L.]. See Hallux. Hallucal [hal'-u-kal) \hallux, the great toe]. Per- taining to the hallux, or great toe. Hallucinatio (hal-lew-sin-a' -she-o')\)-,.'\. Hallucination. H. hypochondriaca. Synonym of Hypochondriasis. Hallucination {hal-lew-sin-a' -shuri) \hallucinari, to wander in mind]. The highest degree of subjective sensation, dependent alone upon morbid stimulation of the sensory cortical centers. There is the percep- tion of non-existent objects or impressions, creations of the imagination. Hallucinations are variously classed as hypochondriac, hypnagogic, motor, nega- tive, pseudo-sensorial, unilateral, visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, hemiopic, epileptoid, etc. Hallux, or Hallus [hal'-uks or hal'-us) [L.]. The great toe. The great toe when overriding the second toe. H. dolorosus. See H. flexus. H. flexus ; Hallux rigidus ; Hallux dolorosus ; a condition allied to and perhaps identical with hammer- toe, in which there is flexion of the first phalanx of the great toe. The second phalanx is usually extended upon the first, and there is more or less rigidity of the metatarso- phalangeal joint. H. rigidus. See H. flexus. H. valgus, displacement of the great toe toward the other toes. H. varus, displacement of the great toe away from the other toes. Halo (ha'-lo) [aAwf, a threshing-floor]. I. The brown- ish circle about the female nipple, called also the areola. 2. The luminous or colored circles seen by the patient about light in glaucoma. Halogen (hal'-o-jen) {aXq, salt; ytmav, to produce]. In chemistry, an element that forms a compound of a saline nature by its direct union with a metal. The halogens are chlorin, iodin, bromin, and fluorin, to which cyanogen may be added as a compoimd halogen. Halogenio (hal-o-jen' -ik) [aAf , salt ; jevvav, to pro- duce]. Salt-producing; producing haloids. Haloid (hal'-oid) \a\q, salt; eWof, likeness]. Anyone of those compounds that consist of a metal directly united to chlorin, bromin, iodin, fluorin, or cyanogen. Halophilous (hal-off ' -il-us) [a/l?, salt; ^I'^f, loving]. In biology, applied to plants growing in salt marshes and along sea-coasts. Halstern's Disease. See Diseases, Table of. Halt {hawlt) [ME., halt, lame]. I. Lame. 2. To limp. 3. A disease in sheep. Halter {hawl'-ter) \aKri]p, a leaping weight : pi. Halteres"] . In biology, one of the rudimentary hinder wings of a fly ; it is also called poiser or balancer. Halteripterous {hal-ter-ip' -ter-us) [aXriip, a leaping weight; nrepdv, Wmg]. Having halteres ; applied to dipterous insects. Halved (hahvd) [ME. , half, half]. In biology, applied to bilaterally symmetric organs in which one side is wanting, as in certain leaves. Ham [ME., hamme, the ham]. That part of the leg between the knee-joint and the hip-joint. H. -string, one of the tendons of the posterior muscles of the thigh. Also, to cripple by cutting the tendons of the muscles of the thigh. H., Inner, the tendons of the semimembranosus, sartorius, and semitendinosus muscles. H., Outer, the tendons of the biceps flexor cruris. Hamamelin (ham-am-e' -lin) [ajia/iriXiQ, a kind of med- lar or service-tree]. A precipitate from a tincture of the bark of witch-hazel, Hamamelis virginica; it is astringent, tonic, and sedative. Dose gr. j-iij. Unof. Hamamelis {ham-am-e' -lis) \apa, together with; fifftwro, apple-tree; gen., Hamamelidis\ Witch- hazel ; the leaves of H. virginica, with properties not fully known. It is thought to be tonic, styptic, and sedative, and appears to affect the circulation in a manner similar to aconite. It is highly recommended as a hemostatic. A preparation of this drug is sold under the name of Pond's Extract. H., Fid. Ext. Dose n\,j-3j. H., Tinct. (B. P.) (ale), I in lo. Dose TT\^ij— V. Hamann's Acid Carmin. See Stains, Table oj. HAM ARTHRITIS 540 HANDKERCHIEF-DRESSING Hamarthntis [ham-ar-thri' -tis) [o/io, together; ap6pov, a joint; trif, inflammation]. Gout involving all of the joints. Hamate or Hamose [ha'-mat, ha'-mos) \hamus, a hook]. In biology, hooked, uncinate. Hamburg Blue. Same a.^ Berlin £lue. H.White. See Pigments, Conspectus of. H. Yellow. Same as Chrome-yellow. Hamilton's Bandage. See Bandage. Hammarsten's Theory of Coagulation. A theory that claims that fibrin is formed from one body only, namely, fibrinogen. Hammer [ham'-er) [ME., hamer, a hammer]. In anatomy, the malleus. H. -bone, the malleus. H.- cramp. See Cramp, Blacksmiths' . H., Thermal. Same as Cautery Button. H.-toe. See Hallux. Hammerman's Cramp. A spasmodic, and sometimes painless, affection of the muscles of the upper extrem- ity. It is seen in those that use a hammer, and is due to over-use. Hammock {ham' -ok) [^Spa.n. , hamaca, a hanging mat]. A couch or bed made of netting or canvas, suspended at the ends. It is much used aboard vessels and in tropical regions ; it has been used latterly in the transportation of the sick and vifounded. Slings for fractured legs, etc., are sometimes called ham- mocks. Hammond's Disease. See Athetosis, and Diseases, Table of. Hamular {ham' -u-lar) \_hamus, a hook].' Pertaining to or shaped like a hook. Hamulate, Hamulose (ham'-u-lat, -IBs) \hamus, a. hook]. Hooked or hook-shaped. Hamulus [ham'-u-lus) [dim. of hamus, a hook : pi. and gen., Hamuli^ In anatomy, a hook-shaped pro- cess, as of a bone ; any unciform process. H. of the Cochlea, the hook-like process of the osseous lamina at the cupola. Hamus (ha'-mus) [L., a hook: pi., Hami\ In biology, a hooked process found on the wings of certain in- sects, which, together with the tendo, helps to keep the wings to- gether during flight. Hamy's Plane. See Plane. Hanchinol (han'-chin- ol). See Heimia. Hancock's Opera- tions. S&& Operations, Table of. Hand [ME., hand, hand]. The organ of prehension in bimana and quadrumana, com- posed of the carpus, the metacarpus and the phalanges. H., Ape. Set Main en griff e. H., Claw. See Main en griffe. H., Dropped. See Dropped. H.- gout. See Chiragra. H. -litter. See 5^?-f^f/5- er. H., Monkey. See Main en griffe. Handkerchief {hang' -ker-chif) [ME. , hand, hand ; kerchef, a kerchief]. A square piece of cloth for wiping the face or nose. H., Barton's ; a handker- Hand, Palmar Surface. Scaphoid i. Semilunar. 3. Cuneiform. 4. Pisiform. 5. Trapezium. 6. Groove for ten- don of flexor carpi radialis. 7. Trapezoid. 8. Os magnum. 9. Unciform. 10, 10 Metacarpal bones. II, ri. First plialanges of fingers. 12, 12. Second phalanges. 13, 13. Third phal- anges. 14. First phalanx of thumb. 15. Second phalanx. chief is folded in the form of a cravat, and the body is so placed on the point of the heel that the portion on the outer side of the foot is one-third longer than the other portion. The short part is held parallel with the sole of the foot while the long part is carried across the instep, turned round the inner part, carried back under the sole of the foot and looped round its own side. The two ends are then tied together for the purpose of exerting traction. Handkerchief-Dressing. A form of temporary dress- ing for wounds and fractures made of handkerchiefs. There are two varieties, viz. , cravats, in which the handkerchiefs are folded into rolls like cravats ; and triangles, the handkerchiefs being folded diagonally in the form of triangles. The most important cravats are the following : C, Abdomino-inguinal ; two hand- kerchiefs are folded into cravats and their ends tied together. The body of one is placed beneath the thigh, close up to the nates ; the ends are brought to the front, crossed over the groin, then carried round the opposite sides of the body, and tied together on one side rather than behind, so that the knot shall not press injuriously upon the back. C, Axillo-acromial. See C, Parieto-axillaris. C, Axillo-cervical ; the body of the cravat is placed in the axilla, the ends crossed over the shoulder, and tied on the opposite sides of the neck. C. , Cervical ; a handkerchief is formed in- to a cravat, the body placed on the front, back, or sides of the neck, according to the part to be dressed, the ends are carried around, crossed on the opposite side and re- turned, and fastened with pins. C, Compound Bis- axillary ; for this two handkerchiefs in cravat form are required. One is tied as an axillo-acromial cravat through one axilla, while the body of the other is placed in the opposite axilla, and its ends, being brought across the chest, one in front and the other behind, are passed through the loop of the first and tied in front of the breast. C, Compound Bis-axillo-scapulary ; form two handkerchiefs into cravats. Tie one as a loose ring, or form the axillo-acromial cravat of one side , and, placing the body of the other in front of the opposite shoulder, bring the ends back, one over the shoulder and the other through the axilla ; then form these into a single knot, and complete the dressing by passing the ends through the ring or loop of the other cravat, and tying them into a knot. C, Fronto-oc- cipito-labialis ; the handkerchief is formed into a cra- vat and the middle portion is placed upon the forehead ; the ends are carried back, crossed upon the posterior part of the neck, brought forward under the ears and crossed over the upper lip. This is used to approximate lip-wounds. C, Ilio-inguinal, a double cravat, also called the sacro bi-crural cravat of Mayor. The body of a long cravat is placed over the body of the sacrum, the two extremities are brought around the body down in front of each groin and around the thighs, to be fastened on the opposite side of the body. C, Ilio-inguinal, or the cruro-pelvic cravat of Mayor. The body of a large cravat is placed over the inguinal region, the up- per extremity is carried around the body, the lower ex- tremity around the thigh, and the two ends knotted in front. C, Metatarso-malleolar ; place the body of the cravat obliquely across the dorsum of the foot ; carry one end under the foot and up in front of the ankle, and the other around the leg above the mal- leoli, fastening them together in front of the joint. C, Parieto-axillaris ; one handkerchief is formed into a cravat, and its body is placed in the axilla, the ends tied over the shoulder, forming the axillo-acromial cravat. A second handkerchief is made into a tri- angle, and its body placed over the side of the head, and its ends tied into the first over the shoulder. It is HANDKERCHIEF-DRESSING 541 HANDKERCHIEF-DRESSING used to approximate wounds on the side of the neck and to prevent contraction after bums. C, Simple Bis-axillary ; place the body of the cravat in the axilla, cross the ends over the shoulder, and after carrying one across the back and the other across the breast, tie them together at the an- terior border of the axilla of the opposite side. C, Simple Bis-axillo-scapulary ; this is a posterior fig- ure-of-eight, and is best fonned with a strip of muslin three inches wide and ten yards long. Place the center of the strip in front of the shoulder and the axilla; bring one end back over the top of the shoulder and the knee, and pinned or tied as they are turned downward. C, Tibial ; place the body of a handkerchief, folded into a cravat, obliquely across the posterior surface of the leg, and carry the extremities around the limb, the one below the knee, and the other above the malleoli. Mayor's Bandage for Fractured Clavicle ; the arm is flexed at a right-angle and confined to the side of the chest by a triangular handkerchief, the base being placed above the forearm and the two extremities fastened on the back, the apex hanging down in front. The two folds forming the apex are carried up between the arm and the body and the under one is passed to Bi-temporal Triangle. Fronto-occipital Triangle. Auriculo-occipital Triangle. Triangular or Hunter's Cap of the Head. Brachio-cervical Triangle. Oblique Triangle of the Arm and Chest. Mayor's Bandage for Fractured Clavicle. Scroto-Iumbar Triangle. (Suspensory Bandage of the Scrotum). Ilio-inguinal Cravat (double). The Sacro Bi-crural Cravat of Mayor. Ilio-inguinal Cravat. (The Cruro-pelvic Cravat of Mayor ) other through the axilla, cross them between the scapulae, carrying the axillary end over the shoulder of the opposite .side and back through the axilla, and the humeral end forward through the axilla, the two over- lapping each other ; then fasten their ends front and back. This is an extemporaneous dressing for fracture of the clavicle. C, Tarso-patellar ; this requires three handkerchiefs, all in cravat-form. One is to be placed about the knee as a figure-of-eight ; a second round the foot in front of the ankle ; the third is passed through the loop of the latter, the ends being carried on either side through the figure-of-eight of the the sound shoulder, while the upper one is carried to the affected shoulder. A broad piece of bandage is fastened to one apex and carried beneath the handker- chief at the back and is then brought up and fastened to the other apex on the opposite shoulder. The most important triangles are the following : T., Auriculo-occipital, a variety of handkerchief-dress- ing for the head, used in keeping an application to the ear in proper place. The base of the handkerchief is placed in front of the ear to be covered, and the apex directed backward. The lower end is next carried tmder the jaw and up over the face in front of the HANDKERCHIEF-DRESSING 542 HAPTODYSPHORIA ear on the sound side, where it is made to meet the upper end, the two being tied together. T., Bi-tem- poral, a form of handkerchief head-dressing, the base being placed over the temporal region upon one side and the apex over the other. The ends are carried round to the opposite temple, crossed, brought back, and secured with pins, and the summit or apex is turned up and pinned above the temporal ridge. T., Fronto-occi- pital, a variety of handkerchief-dressing in which the base is placed over the forehead, while the summit is allowed to hang down over the occiput. The ends are next carried backward along the sides of the head, above the ears, and either tied behind the occipital pro- tuberance, or crossed, brought forward, and pinned at each side. The apex is then turned forward and pinned to the body of the handkerchief. T., Malleolo- phalangeal ; form the handkerchief into a triangle;' place the base under the foot opposite to the instep ; fold the summit back over the toes and the dorsum of the foot, and carry the ends round the malleoli, mak- ing them fast in front. Tie the ends in front, or cross them over the dorsum and tie under the sole of the foot. T., Mammary ; fold a handkerchief into a triangle ; place its base under the breast and its apex over the corresponding shoulder ; then carry one end under the axilla and the other over the opposite side of the neck, tying the two behind the scapula of the affected side, and pin to these the summit. T., Oblique, of the Arm and Chest ; the base of the triangle is placed under the wrist, the apex being allowed to project beyond the elbow. The extremity that is next to the chest is carried over the opposite shoulder, the other extremity being passed through the axilla of the injured side and tied with the first extremity over the sound shoulder. The apex is folded backward around the elbow and fastened. T., Occipito-frontal ; the same as . Ascending aorta. ^. Its transverse por- tion, r. Descending aorta. Anatomy of the Heart, Left Side. I. Cavity of left auricle. 2 Cavity of the appendix auriculae. 3. Opening of the two right pulmonary veins. 4. The sinus mto which the left pulmonary veins open. 5. Left pulmon- ary veins. 6. Auriculo-ventricular opening. 7. Coronary vein. 8. Left ventricle. 9, 9. Cavity of the left ventricle. a. Mitral valve, b, b, b. Columnse carneae. c, c. Fixed columnae carneas. d. Arch of the aorta, e. Pulmonary artery. /. Obliterated ductus arteriosus, g. Left pulmon- ary artery, h. Right ventricle, i. Point of the appendix of right auricle. 35 Horizontal Section of Lungs and Heart. :, I. Upper lobes of lungs, j, 2. Lower lobes. 3. Dorsal ver- tebra. 4, 4. Two ribs. 5. Heart. 6. Right auricular appendix. 7. Superior vena cava. 8. Aorta. 9. Pulmonary artery. 10. Left auricle. 11. Left auricular appendix 12. Mouths of right pulmonary veins. 13. Mouths of left pul- monary veins. 14. Thoracic aorta. 15. Esophagus. (See also pp. IIS andsjo.) B.R Scheme of the Blood-pressure. H. Heart, a. Auricle, w. Ventricle. A. Arterial; C, capillary; V, venous areas. The circle indicates the parts within the thorax. B, P. Pressure in the aorta. also. Hypertrophy. H. -murmurs. See Murmur. H.-scald. Same as If. -durn. H. -shock, Latham's term for sudden cardiac breakdown during exertion, not due to rupture of a valve. H., Sounds of, the sounds observed in auscultation of the heart, occurring synchronously with systolic contraction and the closure of the valves, etc. H., Valves of. See f-a/ve. H.-starvation, Fothergill's term for a form of cardiac asthenia occurring in adult age, and characterized by feeble circulation, cold extremities, tendency to ver- tigo, and pseudo-apoplectic attacks, but with absence of arcus senilis. It is due to general ill-nutrition, HEART 546 HEDERIC ACID worry, over- work, and loss of sleep. Cardiograms of some pathologic conditions of the heart are appended. HI Ml ilBiil B P, Q. Hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricle. E. Stenosis of the aortic orifice. F. Mitral insufficiency. L. Exophthalmic goiter, (a, b. Contraction of the auricles, d, c. Ventricular systole. rf, Closure of aoriic valve, e. Closure of pulmonary valves. e^f. Diastole of the ventricle.) Heat {hit) [ME., heefe, heat]. A mode or rate of vibration of ethereal, atomic, or molecular, or wave- motion. Within certain limits of intensity it is essential to 'the development of all organized beings ; above a certain degree, it is destructive to all organization and life. As regards the body, heat indicates a temperature above 98.6° F. (37° C). In physiology, the period of sexual excitement in the females of many animals. H., Animal, the heat generated within the bodies of living animals by the liberation of the latent heat con- tained in the food. H. -apoplexy. See Insolation. H. -asphyxia. Same as Insolation. H. -centers, certain points situated about the mesal and lateral aspects of the corpus striatum, supposed to have the function of regulating or inhibiting the production of body-heat. H. -eruption. Synonym of Eczema. H. -fever. See Insolation. H., Latent, physiolog- ically, the potential energy existing in a complex proteid molecule, and which is liberated by the sim- plification of the latter, or the katabolic processes of the organism. H., Prickly. See Urticaria. H., Specific. See Specific. H.-spot, a freckle. Also a synonym of Eczema solare. H. -stroke, a nervous affection characterized by sudden syncope, enfeebled circulation and respiration, caused by exposure to . intense heat. It is called also Sunstroke. H.-unit, the unit quantity of heat. It is the amount of heat necessary to raise one pound of water through one de- gree of temperature. Usscves {hlvz) \_M.'E., heven, to raise]. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult and laborious respira- tion. It is also called " broken wind. ' ' Heavy Oil. See Creasote Oil. Hebephrenia [he-be-fre' -ne-aK) \fi^7], puberty ; ^pip, mind]. A special form of mental derangement occurring in young persons at or soon after the age of puberty. Hebephreniac (he-ke-fre' -ne-ak") \fi^ri, puberty ; ^pipi the mind]. One who is affected with hebephrenia. Hebephrenic (he-be-fren' -ik) \ri^ri, puberty ; ^fytjv, the mind]. I. Affected with hebephrenia. 2. One who is affected with hebephrenia. Heberden's Asthma. See Asthma, and Diseases, Table of. H.'s Rheumatism. See Diseases, Table of. H.'s Nodes. See Nodes, and Signs and Symp- toms, Table of. H.'s Nodosities. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Hebetic (he-bef -ik) \fi^r)TiK.6^, relating to puberty]. Relating to puberty or to adolescence. Hebetude (.4(?iJ'-^-«'2Jd?) \_hebetudo ; hebes,'\i\.yx-a.'L\. Dul- ness of the senses and intellect. A term applied to the state of partial stupor in affections of the brain. Hebetudinous [heb-e-tu' -diit-us) \hebetudo ; hebes, blunt]. Affected with hebetude. Hebra's Arsenical Paste. A paste also known as Cosme's Paste. It is used in treating lupus .vulgaris. It consists of arsenious acid, 10 grains ; artificial cin- nabar, j4 dram ; ointment of rose-water, j4 ounce. It is spread on linen and applied accurately by means of a pad and bandage. H.'s Erythema. See Dis- eases, Table of. H.'s Pit3rriasis. See Diseases, Table of. H.'s Prurigo. Ste Diseases , Table of . Heckle-cell (hek'-l-sel) [ME., hekele, a heckle; cella, a cell]. An epidermal cell having minute, hard, horny projections from its cell- wall. Hectic {hekt-tili) \kKTLK.6%, habitual or consumptive]. Habitual. A word now commonly used in connection with certain constant symptoms of pulmonary tuber- culosis, as H. Fever, the febrile symptoms concurrent with pulmonary tuberculosis. H. Plush, the flushed cheek accompanying pulmonary tuberculosis. H. Spot. Same as H. Flush. Hectocotylization {hek-to-kot-il-iz-at -shurC) [e/cartiv, a hundred ; KorVkq, a small cup]. In biology, applied to the peculiar sexual modification of the arm of the male cephalopod, or its use as a fertilizing-organ. Hectocotylus (hek-to-kof -il-us) '\kKaTln!, a hundred; KjoTvkri, a cup]. In biology, a specialized arm in certain male cephalopods, which contains the sperm- cells, and is detached and deposited within the mantle- cavity of the female. Hectogram {hek'-to-gram) [hardv, one hundred; -ypdfi/jia, a weight]. One hundred grams, or 1543.2349 grains. Hectoliter {hekt-to-le-ter) [_httT6v, hundred ; Urpa, a povmd]. One hundred liters, equal to 22.009 imperial gallons, or 26.4 U. S. gallons. Hectometer (hek'-to-m'e-ter) \_kKaT(n!, hundred ; fiirpmi, a measure]. One hundred meters, or 328 feet, i inch. Hedeoma \lie-de-o'-mah) [)J(54f , sweet ; baiii}, smell]. American Pennyroyal. The leaves and tops of M. pulegioides, distinguished by their aroma. Its proper- ties are due to a volatile oil. It is stimulant and carminative, and has some value as an emmenagogue. It is useful in the flatulent colic of children. Its odor is extremely repulsive to fleas and mosquitoes. H., 01. the volatile oil. Dose n\,ij-x. H., Spt.,unof.,l0 per cent, of the oil in alcohol. Hedera {hed'-er-ah)\}-,.\ A genus of woody vines. H. helix, the true or European Ivy. Its wood is used in making issue-peas. A decoction of the leaves lias been used as an alterative and antibechic. The berries are purgative and emetic. The gum is emetic and stimulant, and is useful in toothache. Unof. Hederic Acid [hed-er'-ik) \_hedera, European Ivy]. An acid derivable from the leaves of Hedera helix, of which it shares the medicinal qualities. Unof. HEDERIN 547 HELICORUBIN Hederin (Jied'-erin) \hedera, European Ivy] . An in- tensely bitter alkaloid from the seeds of Hedeya helix. It is said to be actively febrifuge. (The gum of ivy has also been called hederin^ Hedge-hog Crystals. Crystals of urate of soda found as a urinary deposit. The crystals are globular, with spiny projections, and may cause severe vesical irrita- tion. Hedge-hyssop {/lej-his'-up). See Gratiola. Hedonia [he-do' -ne-ah) \r]Smii, pleasure]. Abnormal cheerfulness ; amenomania. Hedonism [hed'-o-nizm) [riSovi/, pleasure]. The pur- suit of pleasure ; in psychic medicine, the unreasoning pursuit of some hobby or vifhim. Hedrocele (hed' -ro-slV) \iSpa, anus; /c^/li?, tumor]. A hernia in which the part protrudes through the notch of the ischium. Also, prolapsus of the anus. Hedrosyrinx (hed-ro-si' -rinks) [eSpa, anus ; funda- ment ; avpcy^, pipe] . Fistula in ano. Hedvirigia (hed-wij' -e-ah) [after Johann Hedwig\. A genus of amarydaceous trees. H. balsamifera, of the W. Indies, affords a resin, not unlike copaiba in its uses. The bark is antiperiodic, and contains a convulsivant alkaloid, which would appear to be a powerful heart-depressant and antithermic. Hedyosmon (hed-e-os'-mon) [fJiJt'f, sweet; oafifi, odor]. A genus of tropical chloranthaceous trees and shrubs. H. arborescens, a tree of Jamaica, affords a remedy for dyspepsia. H. nutans, a shrub of the W. Indies, has leaves that are good for headaches. Heel {hil) [ME., heel, heel]. The hinder part of the foot. H.-bone. See Calcaneum. Hegar's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms , Table of. Hegar-Kohrn Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Heidenhain, Demilune Cells of. See Demilune and Crescent of Gianuzzi. H.'s Method. See Stains, Table of. H., Parietal Cells of. See Delomorphous. H., Rods of. See Rods. H.'s Solution. See Stains, Table of. Heimia [him'-e-ah) [after Ludwig Heim, a German botanist]. A genus of lythaceous shrubs of N. and S. America. H. salicifolia (hanchinol), found in Texas and far to the South, is resinous, antisyphilitic, hemostatic, and febrifuge. Unof. Heintz's Method. A method of estimating uric acid in the urine. Take lOO c. c. of urine. Add to this 5 c.c. of HCl. Lay the mixture aside for 24 hours. Collect the crystals on a weighed filter-paper, wash with dilute HCl ; dry at 100° C. , and weigh. The increase in weight will give the percentage of uric acid. Heisch's Test. See Tests, Table of. Heister's or Heisterian Valve. A fold of mucous membrane in the cystic duct arranged in a spiral. Heitzmann's Theory. The theory that the axis-cyl- inder of a nerve-fiber is ordinary connective tissue modified for the transmission of special impulses. Hekistotherm (hek-is' -to-therm) [i^kiotoc, least, worst ; Bepm, heat]. In biology, a plant that can subsist with a minimum of heat, e.g., a member of the Arctic or Antarctic flora. Helcoid (hel'-koid) [e^/cof, ulcer; eidof, likeness]. ResemWing an ulcer. Helcology (hel-koV -o-je) \p\.soq, ulcer; X&yo^, science]. The pathology and treatment of ulcers. Helcoma (hel-ko'-mah) [eXuuiia, an ulcer : pi. , Helco- mata']. An ulcer. Helcomenia [hel-ko-me' -ne-ah) [cAtof, ulcer; {lifv, month]. Vicarious menstrual discharge from an ulcer. Helcoplasty [hel'-ko-plas-te) [ilnoq, ulcer ; nMaasiv, to shape]. The treatment of ulcers by skin-grafting. Helcopoiesis [hel-io-poi-e'-sis) [eAicof , ulcer ; notijmg, making]. The surgical formation of an issue, for counter-irritation. •• Helcosis [hel-ko' -sis') [e/l/cuujf, ulceration]. The forma- tion and development of an ulcer. Helcotic (hel-kof -ik) [iA/£uriKi5f, pertaining to an ulcer]. Ulcerative ; of the nature of or accompanied by ulceia- tion. Helenin (/4vov, elecampane]. I. Same as Inula, q. j. 2. A genus of composite North American herbs. H. autumnale, sneezewort, H. nudiflorum, and H. bolanderiare strongly errhine, and are substituted for arnica. H. puberulum is tonic, alterative, and errhine. H. tenuifolium, of the Gulf States, is said to be a destructive cattle- poison. Unof. Helianthella [he-le-an-thel' -ah) [^^10;, the sun ; avBoQ, flower]. A genus of North American composite herbs. The root of H. tenuifolia is aromatic, expectorant, antispasmodic, and, in large doses, emetic. It is of reputed service in pulmonary complaints. Dose of the fld. ext. H\,v-xxx. Unof. Helianthemum [he-le-an' -them-uni) \fi'km^, sun ; avBoi, flower]. Frostwort; Rock Rose. The herb If. cana- densi, astringent, aromatic, tonic, and alterative. It is useful in diarrhea, scrofula, and secondary syphilis. Dose of the fld. ext. n\,v-xx. Unof. Helianthin {he-le-an' -thin) \7iM0Q, the sun ; avdog, a flower], CsH^SO,Na,N:N.CjH4N(CH3)2. Methyl- orange ; an orange-yellow powder used as a dye and as a test in analyses. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Helianthus [he-le-an' -thus) [^Aiof, sun; avtiog, flower]. A genus of composite-flowered plants. The sun- flower. H. annuus, a commonly cultivated species, affords highly useful, oil-bearing seeds, the seeds of some varieties being also edible. H. tuberosus, the Jerusalem Artichoke, has large tuberous roots, some- times eaten when cooked or pickled. Several of the species are medicinal. Helichrysum [he-le-kri' -sum) \fi'kioq, sun ; ;i'pvff(Sf , gold]. A genus of old-world composite plants. The European species (as H. arenarium, H. stcechas) are aromatic stimulants, used in domestic practice. Several South African species (H. auriculatum, im- bricatum, nudiflorum, etc.) are used as pectoral teas. «■ Helicin (hel' -is-in) , CjgHjjO,. A glucosid, produced by oxidizing salicin with HNO3. It dissolves with difficulty in water, crystallizes in small needles, and melts at 175° C. Helicine (hel'-is-in) [e/iif, a spiral]. I. Tortile, or spiral in structure. 2. Pertaining to the helix. H. Arteries, arteries proceeding from the profunda penis branches of the pudic, and from the dorsal arteries of the penis. See Arteries, Table of. Helicogy^^te (hel-ik-o-ji' -rat) \_l?.i^, a spiral ; yvpog, a ring]. In biology, having a spiral annulus, as the spore-cases in trichomanes. Helicoid (hel' -ik-oid) [£/lif, a spiral; eWof, form]. Spiral ; coiled like a snail-shell or helix. Helicopepsin (hel-ik-o-pep' -sin) [eAif , a spirally coiled snail; 7r£i/i(?, digestion]. A peptic ferment found by Krukenberg in snails. Helicorubin (hel-ik-o-ru' -bin) [e/iif, a spiral, the snail ; /tov^tvi, ruby]. A pigment of certain invertebrates; the same as Hemofhromogen and Enterohematin, q. v. HELICOTREMA 548 HEMABAROMETER Helicotrema {hel-ik-o-tre' -maK) [e^if, helix, coil ; rp^fuz, hole] . The opening connecting the scalii tym- pani and vestiiuli al the spiral canal of the cochlea. Heliencephalitis (he-le-en-sef-al-i' -tis) ^fihoq, sun ; ey/cc^a^f , brain ; itlq, inflammation]. Encephalitis caused by exposure to the sun's rays. HeliodoTus's Bandage. See Bandage. Heliomyelitis (he-le-o-mi-el-i' -tis) \fi'Kvoq, sun ; fiveU^, marrow; m;, inflammation]. Myelitis caused by ex- posure to the sun's rays. Helionosus {he-le-on' -o-sus) \fi'kui^, sun ; vhao^, disease] . Sunstroke. Heliophag [he' -le-o-fag) [ij'kiog, sun ; <^ayuv, to de- vour]. A name given to the animal pigment-cell, as being a supposed absorber of the radiant energy of the sun's light and heat. Heliophobia [he-le-o-fo' -be-ah) [ij/ljof, sun ; ipijiog, fear]. Morbid fear of exposure to the sun's rays. Heliosis (ke-le-o' -sis) [^Aiof, sun]. A sun-bath ; also, sunstroke. Heliotherapy (he-le-o-ther'-ape) \fi'km^, sun; 6epaiTtia, treatment] . The treatment of disease by exposure of the body to sunlight. Sun-bathing. Heliotrope {he' -le-o-trop) [^^iof , sun ; rp^TTEii", to turn] . Any plant of the boraginaceous genus Heliotropiuj/i. H. europseum is aperient, and is said to cure warts and ulcers. Unof. Heliotropin [he-le-of -ro-piri) \_rfkioq, the sun ; rpineiv, to turn]. I. See J'iperonaL 2. A poisonous alkaloid from Heliotropium europaum, a European species of heliotrope. Its action is little known. Unof. Heliotropistn (he-le-of -ro-pizm) [7/ltof,the sun ; Tpiirsiv, to turn]. In biology, that property of a plant or plant-organ by virtue of which it bends toward or away from the sunlight. Heliotropy [he-le-of -ro-pe) \_fikioq, the sun; rpoixii, a turning]. Same as Heliotropistn. Helix [he'-liks) [eXif, a coil]. The margin of the ex- ternal ear. Hellebore, Black. See Helleborus. H., White. See Veratrum album. Helleborem [hel-eb-or-e'-in). See Helleborus. Helleborin {hef-e-bo-rin) [eXkkpopoq, hellebore], Cjj- H^jOj -|- 4HjO. A crystalline glucosid of Helleborus viridis, insoluble in water. It is a cardiac and ner- vous poison of great intensity. See Helleborus. Helleborism [heV -eb-or-izni) \i.7Xz^opl^eiv , to dose with hellebore] . The treatment of disease with hellebore ; the morbid condition induced by the free exhibition of hellebore. Helleborus [hel-eb' -or-us) {DM^opoi;, hellebore: gen., Hellebori'\. The root of .^. niger, black hellebore, with properties due to two glucosids, helleborin, Cj,.- HjjOj, and helleboreln, CjjH^Ojj. It is a drastic hydragogue cathartic, and emmenagogue, and was for- merly a popular remedy for insanity, dropsy, and amenorrhea. Helleboreln is sometimes used in cardiac affections as a substitute for digitalis, its action being obtained by smaller doses and with less irritation. H. nigri., Ext. Unof. Dose gr. j-x, cautiously. H. nigri., Ext., Fid. Unof. Dose n\,ij-xv. Helle- boreln. Unof. Very soluble in water. Dose gr. Heller*s Tests. See Tests, Table of. Hellmund's Ointment. A narcotic ointment composed of acetate of lead, lo parts; extract of conium, 30 parts; balsam of Peru, 30 parts; Sydenham's lauda- num, 5 parts ; and cerate, 240 parts. Helmerich's Ointment. An ointment used in the treatment of scabies. It consists of sublimated sul- phur, I dram; potassium carbonate, ^ dram; and lard, 6^ drams. The ointment should remain in contact with the diseased surface for four or five hours. Helmholtz's Apparatus. A galvanometer consisting of two equal and vertical coils, with a magnetic needle midway between them. H.'s Ligament. Set Liga- ment. H.'s Line. See Lines, Table of. Helminth [hel'-minth) [cA/^ivf, worm]. A worm; an intestinal or entozoic worm. Helminthagogue [hel-minth' -ag-og). See Anthel- mintic. Helminthiasis [hel-min-ihi' -as-is) \kXiuv8ia.v, to suffer from worms]. A condition marked by the presence of parasites in the body, especially intestinal worms. Also, a disorder or lesion caused by worms. Helminthicide [hel-minth' -is-ld) [ekiuvf, a worm ; ccedere, to kill]. See Vermicide. Helminthics [hel-min'-thiks). See Anthelmintics. Helminthochorton [hel-min-tho-kor'-ton) [elfuv^, a worm; x^P'^^^t grass]. See Corsican Moss. Helminthoid [hel-min' -ihoid) [klfuvg, a worm ; e'jdof, likeness]. Shaped like a worm. Helminthology [hel-min-thof -o-je) ■ leX/iivg, a worm ; /liSyof, science]. A treatise on worms, especially those parasitic within the body. Helminthoma [hcl-min-tho' -mah) [pi/uvg, a worm ; Q[ia, a tumor: pi., Helminthomatci\. A tumor caused by the presence of a parasitic worm. See Bulam Boil Sini Guinea-worm. Helminthoncus [hel-minth-ong'-kus) [elfuv^, a worm ; dyKOQ, a tumor] . An old term for a parasitic skin-dis- ease. Helminthophobia [hel-min-tho-fo'-be-ah) [^e^/uv; [lX/itv$-),a worm; f6^oc, fear]. A nervous state produced by the presence or thought of parasitic worms. Helminthous [hel-min' -thus) \i\p,ivz, a worm]. Wormy. Helocerous [he-los' -er-us) [7/lof, a nail ; idpuf, horn]. In biology, having capitate antennas. Heloderma [he-lo-der'-mah) [^Aof, wart ; Sepp-a, skin]. A genus of lizards. H. horridum, of Mexico, and H. suspectum, of Arizona (called Gila Monster) , are said to be the only known species of venomous lizards. Helodermatous [he-lo-der' -mat-us) [^Aof, a nail, wart; (Sip/ia, skin] . In biology, having a warty or tuber- culous skin. Helodes [he-lo'-dSz) [e/loc, a swamp]. Swampy, or marshy. Also, a fever attended with profuse sweat- ing. Also, marsh-fever. Helonias [hel-o' -ne-as) [p.o^, a marsh]. A genus of monocotyledonous plants. H. dioica. See Chamte- lirion. Helonin [hel-o' -nin) [eAof, a marsh]. A crude precip- itate from the tincture of Chamalirion carolinianum. It is prescribed for uterine aff'ections, and is tonic and diuretic. Caution should be observed in its use. Dose, gr. ij-iv. Unof. Helopyra [hel-op' -e-rah) [e/lof, marsh ; Trlip, fever]. Malarial fever. Helosis [kel-o'-sis) [^Aof, nail, bract], i. A genus of tropical American plants. H. brasiliensis, cayen- nensis, and jamaicensis, are styptic and vulnerary remedies. Unof. 2. An old name for inversion of the eyelids ; strabismus ; eye-spasm ; plica polonica ; the term is now seldom employed. HelvetiSi Green. See Figments, Conspectus of. Helvolous [hel' -vo-lm) [dim. of helvus, yellow]. Tawny, or reddish-yellow. Helweg, Triangular Tract of. A tract that appears either in juxtaposition with, or as the most ventral part of, the ventro-lateral tract of the spinal cord. Hemabarometer [hem-ab-ar-om' -et-er) [ol/ia, blood; HEMACELINOSIS 549 HEMATHERMOUS pap'vi, heavy ; /lirpou, measure]. A contrivance for the approximate determination of the specific gravity of the blood. Hemacelinosis [hem-as-el-en-o' -sis) [aifia, blood ; ktiViq, spot ; vdffof, disease]. A synonym of the disease, Purpura. Hemachroin (hem-ak-ro' -in) \_dijMi, blood; ;t^pEiv, to write]. An instrument for registering changes in the velocity of the blood-stream. Hemadromometer (hem-ad-ro-mom'-et-er) \a\fia, blood; dpd^of, course ; /i^rpow, measure]. A device for measuring the velocity of the blood-current. Hemadromometry (hem-ad-ro-mom' -et-re) \a'ifia, blood; dpd/iog, course; /jirpov, measure]. Measurement of the speed of the blood-current. Hemadynamics (hem-ad-i-nam' -iks) [^al/ja, blood ; Siivafug, power]. Dynamics of the blood-current. Hemadynamometer (^hem-ad-i-nam-om' -et-er) [alfia, blood; SvvafUf, strength; pirpov, a measure]. A contrivance for measuring the tension or pressure of blood within the arteries. Careful experiments show that, in man, the pressure of blood in the carotid artery is equal to about that of six inches of mercury. Hemafecal (hem-af-e'- kal) \aipa, blood ; fax, dregs]. Characterized by bloody stools. H. Jaundice. See Jaundice. Hemagogue (hem' -ag-og) \aipxi, blood ; ayuy&q, lead- ing]. I. Promoting the menstrual or hemorrhoidal discharge of blood. 2. An agent that promotes the catamenial or hemorrhoidal flowiof blood. Hemahysteria (hem-a-his-tc' -re-ah) \ai)ia, blood ; varepa, uterus]. Synonym of Menorrhagia. Hemal (hem'-al) {aLp.a, blood]. I. Pertaining to the blood or the vascular system. 2. See Ventral. Hemaleucin (hem-al-00' -sin) \aip.a, blood ; Aemfif, white]. Fibrin ; the white portion of a washed blood- clot. Hemaleukosis (hem-al-00-ko' -sis) {al/ia, blood; Aemdf, white]. The formation of the buffy coat of a clot. Hemalopia (hem-al-o' -pe-ah) \_aijia, blood ; ui/i, the eye]. Effusion of blood in the eye ; erythropsia. ^ Hemameba (hem-am-e' -bah) [al^, blood; a/idi^^, a change]. A white blood-cell so called from its re- • semblance to an ameba. Hemangioma (hem-an-je-o' -mah) [al/io, blood ; ajye- lov, vessel ; 6pa, a tumor : p/. , Hemangiomatd\ . An angioma made up of blood-vessels, as distinguished from lymphangioma. Hemanthin [hem-an'-thin) [ral/ia, blood ; a.vdo(, a flow- er]. An alkaloid from Hemanthus coccineus , it is poisonous, with the general properties of atropin. Hemanthus (hem- an' -thus) \aifia, blood; auSog, flow- er]. A genus of amaryllidaceous plants; blood- flower. H. coccineus, of S. Africa, affords an arrow- poison, with the general properties of atropin. The plant is a diuretic and cardiant. It affords hemanthin. tjnof. Hemaphein (hem-af-e' -in) [al^a, blood ; ^aidf, dusky]. A brown coloring-matter from blood, regarded as a decomposition-product of hematin ; it is probably the same as urohematin. Hemaphobia (hem-af-o'-be-ah). See Hematophobia. Hemapoiesis Ihem-ap-oi-e' -sis). See Hematopoiesis. Hemapoietic (hem-ap-oi-ef -ik). See Hematopoietic. Hemapophysis (hem-ap-off' -is-is) \ai.ixa, blood ; ano^- iieiv, to put forth]. That part of an ideal or perfect vertebra which forms the antero-lateral part of the hemal arch. In man, all the hemapophyses are either cartilaginous or detached. Hemaporia (hem-ap-o' -re-aJi) \aifw,, blood ; airopia, distress] . Any disorder of the blood, e. g. anemia. Hemarthron, Hemarthros (hem-ar' -thron, hem-ar'- thros) \_a\pa, blood; apOpov, joint]. Effusion of blood into the synovial sac of a joint. Hemarthrosis (hem-ar-thro'-sis) \ai.pa, blood ; apBaaig, a joint]. Effusion of blood into a joint. Hemastatic (hem-as-tat'-ik). See Hemostatic. Hemastatics (hem-as-taf -iks) \aipa, blood ; crariK^q, standing] . That branch of physiology treating of the laws of the equilibrium of the blood. Hemasthenosis (hem-as-then-o' -sis) \aip.a, blood ; aadhieia, weakness] . A weakening or deterioration of the blood. Hematachometer (hem-at-ak-om'-et-er). See Hem.O' tachometer. Hematangionosus (hem-at-an-je-on' -o-sus) \dipa, blood; ayyeZov, vessel ; vdirof, disease]. Any disease of the blood-vessels. Hematangiosis (hem-at-an-je-o' -sis) \aipa, blood ; ayyelov, vessel]. Any disease of the blood-vessels. Hemataporia (hem-at-ap-o' -re-ah). See Hemaporia. Hematapostasis (hem-at-ap-os' -tas-is) \aip.a, blood ; rnrdaraaig, a standing away from]. Unequal distribu- tion or pressure of blood, with congestion or effusion in some part of the body. Hematapostema (hem-at-ap-os-te'-mah) [^aipa, blood ; airdaTTipa, abscess : pi., Hemapostematd\. An abscess containing extravasated blood. Hemataria (kem-at-a' -re-ah) \cLipa, blood]. The so- called blood-animals. T^era.a.t&i.eTaa.(hem-at-e-de'-niah) [nI|Un, blood ; olSripa, a swelling]. Swelling due to the effusion of blood. Hematein Qiem-at-e' -in) [al/ia, blood], C,jHjjOj. A crystalline principle derivable from, and reconvertible into, hematoxylin. Hemateleum (hem-at-el-e' -um) [nl/za, blood ; iXaim, oil]. A yellow or brownish oily fluid obtained by the dry distillation of blood. Hematemesis (hem-at-em' -es-is) \aiiia, blood ; lp.kuv, to vomit]. The vomiting of blood from any cause. It may be due to general or constitutional pathologic conditions, or to local conditions. Hematencephalon (hem-at-en-sef -al-on) [al/io, blood ; ey/ce^oAof, brain]. A hemorrhage or bleeding within the larain ; cerebral apoplexy. Hemathermous (hem-ath-er'-mus) [al/ja, blood; depfidg, hot]. Having warm blood. HEMATHIDROSIS 550 HEMATOGRAPHY Hemathidiosis {hem-ath-id-ro> -sis). Same as Hemati- drosis. Hemathorax {hem-ak-tho^ -raks). See Hemothorax. Hematic [hem-at'-ik] [aifia, blood]. Bloody; per- taining to, full of, or having the color of, blood. Also, a blood-tonic. Hematidrosis (hein-at-id-ro' -sis') \ai\ui, blood ; (Jpuoif , sweat]. Bloody sweat. Ephidrosis cruenta. A san- guineous perspiration caused by the extravasation of blood into the coils and ducts of the sweat-glands, whence it is carried to the surface, mixed with sweat. See also Chromidrosis. Hematitneter [hem-at-im' -et-er) [aifia, blood ; /iirpov, measure]. A device for counting the corpuscles in a given volume of blood. Hematimetry [hem-at-im'-et-re] [aXpia, blood ; /ihpov, measure] . The estimation of the number or propor- tion of the blood-corpuscles, as by the hemocytometer or hematimeter. Hematin [hem'-at-in) [aifia, blood], QjHjjNjFeOs. A substance produced by decomposing oxyhemoglobin either by acids or alkalies. It occurs as a scaly but non-crystalline mass of bluish-black color and metallic luster, strongly resembling iodin. It is a very stable substance, and is insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, ehloroform, or benzol, but dissolves freely in dilute acids and in alkaline solutions. For test, see Tests, Table of. Also a synonym for Hematoxylon, q. v. Hematinic (hein-at-in' -ik) [a(|Ua , blood] . I. Relating to hematin, or serving to increase the proportion of hematin in the blood. 2. An agent, such as iron, which tends to increase the proportion of hematin or coloring-matter in the blood. Hematinometer (hem-at-in-om'-et-er). Same as Hemoglobinonieter. Hematinuria [hem-at-in-u' -re-ah) [^al/ia, blood ; ovpov, urine]. Same as Hemoglobinuria. See also Hema- turia. Hemato- (hem' -at-o-") \_dijia; dljiaTO^, blood]. A prefix signifying blood. Hematobious [hem-at-o' -be-us) [alfia, blood; /3iof, life]. Living in the blood. Hematobium (hem-at-o' -be-uni) \aifia, blood ; /3(of, life]. I. A blood-corpuscle. 2. A blood-parasite. Hetnatoblast [hein'-at-o-blast] [al/ia, blood ; pXaarS^, germ] . Blood-plate ; a rudimentary or immature red blood-corpuscle. Hetnatocausis (hem-at-o-kaw' -sis) [al//a, blood ; Kateiv, to burn]. The normal oxidation of certain elements of the blood. Hematocele [hem'-at-o-sll] [alfia, blood ; k^iXti, a tumor]. A tumor formed by the extravasation and collection of blood in a part. H., Pelvic, an effusion of blood into the pelvis, usually due to rupture of a Fallopian tube, the seat of an extra-uterine preg- nancy. It may also be due to the rupture of an ovary, or of a vein in the broad ligament ; it may follow an abortion, the blood escaping through the Fallo- pian tube; or it may be due to retention of the menstrual fluid with escape of the blood. Physical examination, whatever may be the cause, reveals a boggy swelling in Douglas's cul-de-sac. Hematocelia [liem-at-o-se' -le-aK) \_di.iia, blood ; KoiXiay a, cavity]. An effusion of blood into the peritoneal cavity. Hematocephalus (hem-al-o-sef -al-us) [^diiia, blood ; icefaX^, head]. An effusion of blood into, or a san- guineous tumor of, the brain. Also a monstrosity characterized by an effusion of blood into the cere- bral hemispheres. Also a vascular tumor that is sometimes observed in the pia mater of anencephalic monstrosities. iiema.iochezia{hem-at-o-he^-ze-ah)[^alfxa, blood; ^k^stv, to defecate]. The passage of hemorrhagic stools. Hematochrosis [hem-at-o-kro' -sis') [nl/ia, blood; xP'^'H-1, coloring: pi., Hematochroses']. I. Any disease char- acterized by discoloration of the skin. 2. A discolor- ation of the skin. Hematochyluria [hem-at-o-ki-lu' -re-ah) \a\fia, blood ; X*>^^^, chyle ; ovpov, urine] . The presence of blood and chylous material in the urine, due to Filnria san- guinis hominis. It is usually an intermittent condition. Hematocolpos {hem-at-o-kol' -pos) \aifm, blood ; mtiK'Ka^, vagina]. Hemorrhage into the vagina. Also a collection of menstrual discharge within the vagina, due to atresia or imperforate hymen. Hematocrit {hem' -at-o-krit)\_(iip,a, Viood.; Kpvriiq, judge; Kp'muv, to separate, to judge]. Au instrument for making volumetric estimation of the blood by sepa- rating by centrifugal action the corpuscles from the serum. A volume of blood and one of Miiller's liquid (to prevent coagulation) are placed together in each of two small, thick-walled glass tubes, gradu- ated in fifty parts. The tubes rest on brass holders which are fixed on the axes of a revolving apparatus. After some eight thousand revolutions in from five to seven minutes, the process is complete. The corpuscles and the salt-plasma are separated by a narrow band of leukocytes. The instrument is useful in comparing the blood of different individuals. With a little practice the total error is not more than one per cent. Hematocryal {hem-at-ok' -re-al) \a!i.pa, blood ; /tpdof , cold]. In biology, of or pertaining to the cold- blooded invertebrates. Hematocrystallin (hem-at-o-kris'-tal-in). Same as Hemoglobin. Hematocyanosis {hem-at-o-si-an-o' -sis) . Synonym of Cyanosis. Hematocyst (hem'-at-o-sist) '[di/xa, blood ; Kvan;, bladder]. A cyst containing blood. Also an effu- sion of blood into the bladder. Hematocyte {hem'-at-o-sit) lal/ia, blood ; kvti^, cell]. A blood-corpuscle. Hematocythuria {hem-at-o-si-thu' -re-ah) [aljua, blood ; KijTO^, cell ; oipov, urine]. The presence of blood- cells in the urine. Hematocytometer {hem-at-o-si-tom' -et-er). Set Hema- cytometer. nematodes [hem-at-o' -dlz) [aiiiaT&SriQ, bloody]. Bloody ; gorged with or appearing like blood. Hematodiarrhea [hem-at-o-di-ar-e' -ah) . Synonym of Dysentery. Hematodynamics [hem-at-o-di-nam' -iks). See Hema- dynam.ics. Hematodynamometer [hem-at-o-di-nam-om' -et-er). See Hemadynamometer . Hematodyscrasia [hem-at-o-dis-kra' -se-ah) [al/io, bloody f5v(T«:/3a(7(a, bad temperament]. A diseased or dyscrasic state of the blood. Hematogenesis [hem-at-o-jen' -es-is) [ai^ra, blood ; yhcaic, production]. The development of blood or of blood-corpuscles ; the making of blood. Hematogenic (hem-at-o-jen' -ik) \aitia , blood ; yewov, to produce] . Pertaining to the formation of blood. Hematogenous (hem-at-oj' -en-us) \aip.a, blood ; yE)^C> producing]. Derived from, or having origin in, the blood. Hematoglobin (hem-at-o-glo' -bin) . See Hemoglobin. Hematoglobulin (hem-at-o-glob'-a-lin). Same as Hemoglobin. Hematography (hem-at-og' -ra-fe)\a\p.a, blood ; ypfi^ei"! to write]. A description of the blood ; hemat- ology. HEMATOHIDROSIS 551 HEMATOPORPHYRIN Hematohidrosis (hem-at-o-hid-ro'-sis) . See Hematid- rosis. Hematoid (hem'-at-oid) [ol/io, blood; .elSo^, form]. Resembling blood. Hematoidin (hem-at-oi' -diti) [oi/za, blood ; eMof , resemblance] , C,g- HigNjOg. A deriva- tive of hemoglobin, identical with biliru- bin, the pigment of the bile. It occurs as reddish or orange rhombohedral crys- talsjin old blood-clots, u jj \\y^ A as of cerebral hemor- / Lj^i^^ f 1 rhages, in corpora '"'''^ v lutea, and in the Hematoidin Crystals. urine of hematuria. Hematoin {hem-at-o' -in) . Same as Hematoporphyrin. Hematokrit {hem' -at-o-krW). See Hematocrit. Hematolin {hem-af -o-lin) \aijm, blood], CggHi^gNgO,. An iron-free derivative of hematin. Hematology (kem-at-ol'-o-je) [ffil/ia, blood ; Xi5yof , science]. The science of the blood, its nature, func- tions, and disorders. Hematolysis (hem-at-ol' -is-is) \aijia, blood ; TAaiq, a solution]. A solution, or an imperfect coagulation, of the blood ; diminished coagulability of the blood ; a diseased condition marked by destruction of the cor- puscular constituents of the blood ; impoverishment of the blood. Hematolytic (hem-at-o-Ht'-ik) [alfia, blood ; Miaig, a solution]. Marked by or tending to impoverishment of the'blood. Hematoma [hem-at-o' -maK) [al^o, blood; hfia, tumor: pi., Hematomata\. A tumor, fungus, or svirelling containing blood. H. auris, Insane Ear ; an effu- sion of blood or serum betvifeen the cartilage of the ear and its covering, occurring in various forms of insanity. It may be either acute or chronic, if the former reaching the size of => pigeon' s egg in a day or two. It is an elastic tumor, generally painless, with some local heat. It may suppurate and burst, or may shrivel up, in either case leaving considerable defor- mity. In the majority of cases the left ear is involved, and the condition occurs most frequently among men. H. of the Dura mater, an effusion beneath the dura mater, forming membranous sheets. H., Pelvic, an effusion of blood into the cellular tissue of the pelvis ; it is frequently due to traumatism, or occurs as a complication of pregnancy and the puerperal state, from rupture of dilated veins; it is often the result of rupture of an extra-uterine pregnancy. Hematomantia (hem-at-o-man' -she-aK) \aifia, blood ; jiavTeia, divination]. The arriving at a diagnosis from examination of the blood. Hematomatous {hem-at-o' -mat-ui) [alfia, blood ; ijia, a tumor] . Relating to or of the nature of a hema- toma. Hematomediastinum (hem' -at-o-me-de-as-ti' -nuni) [a'i/io, blood; mediastinum, the mediastinum]. An effusion of blood or bloody serum into the mediastinal cavities. Hematometer {hem-at-om'-et-er). See Hemoglobino- meter. Hematoraetra.,{hem-at-o-me'-trah) [aliUa, blood; fi^rpa, womb]. Hemorrhage in the womb. Also, an accu- mulation of menstrual discharge within the uterine cavity, as a result of obstruction. Hematometry {hem-at-om' -et-re) [aI|Uo, blood; fierpov, measure]. The measurement, or estimation of the measure, of the blood. Hematomonas {hem-at-o-nio' -nas") [a/^a, blood ; fiovdc, a unit]. A genus of microscopic organisms infesting the blood. See Ai^tit' and Piasmodiuin. Hematomphalocele (hein-at-oni-fal'-o-sel) \_aifia, blood; o^i^aXdf, navel ; k^at?, tumor]. A tumor or a hernia at the navel , distended with blood. Hematomyces {heni-at-oni' -is-iz) [^alfia, blood ; jj-vkt]^, a fungus] . A hematoid variety of encephaloid carci- noma ; medullary sarcoma. It is called, also. Fungus hematodes. Hematomyelia {hem-af-o-mi-e' -le-ah) [aijia, blood ; liveUQ, marrow]. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord; an accumulation of blood in the central canal of the spinal cord. The symptoms vary with the seat, but paralyses, vaso-motor and trophic changes, loss of sensation, etc. , are common . Hematomyelitis {hem-at-o-mi-el-i' -lis) \_ciiy,a, blood ; pjsk6(;, marrow ; ltli;, inflammation]. An acute myelitis attended with an effusion of blood into the spinal cord. Hematoncus {hem-at-ong' -kus) [aliia, blood ; Syraf , tumor]. Blood-tumor; hemangioma; hematoma. Hematopathy {hem-at-op' -ath-e) [alfia, blood ; 7rd(9of, disease] . Any disease of the blood. Hematopedesis (hem-at-o-ped-e' -sis) [ai.pa, blood ; !r^d;7(r(f, a leaping]. Cutaneous hemorrhage ; hemat- idrosis. Hematopericardium {hevi-at-o-per-ik-ar' -de-um) \jiiu.a, blood; irtpmapihov, pericardium]. An effusion of blood into the pericardium, due to rupture or. perfora- tion of the walls of the heart. Hematophagous {hem-at-off'-ng-us^ \aijia, blood ; fayelv, to eat] . Blood-eating ; pertaining to insects, such as the gnat, mosquito, etc., that suck the blood. Hematophilia {Jtem-at-o-fil' -e-ah) . See Hemophilia. Hematophobia {hem-at-o-fo'-be-ah) \a^|la, blood; ^d^og, fear]. Morbid dread of the sight of blood. Hematophore {hem'-at-o-for) \cCifia, blood ; ^kpuv, to bear]. An instrument used in the transfusion of blood. Hematophthalmia {hem-at-off-thal' -me-aK). See Hem- ophthalmia. Hematophyte [hem'-at-o-flt) [aifia, blood; ijivrdv, a plant]. - A vegetable organism, such as a bacillus, living in the blood. Hematopinax {hem-at-op' -in-aks) [^alfia, blood ; nlva^, tablet: //., Hematopinaces\ A blood-plaque. Hematopisis {hem-at-op' -is-is) \ai.fm, blood; ttIvew, to drink]. I. The drinking of blood. 2. A morbid collection of blood in any cavity of the body. Hematopisy {hem-at-op' -is-e). See Hematopisis. Hematoplanesis {hem-at-o-plan-e' -sis) \ai)ia, blood; ■K'ka.vqaLq, wandering]. See Hematoplania. Hematoplania {hem -at-o-pla' -ne-ah) [aifia, blood ; nUvri, a wandering]. Vicarious or aberrant course or flow of the blood. Hematoplasma {hem-at-o-plaz' -maK) \aifia, blood ; ■K'Xaafui, plasma] . The plasma of the blood. Hematoplast {hem'-at-o-plast). Same as Hematoblast. Hematoplastic [hem-at-o-plas' -tik) [ai/m, blood ; TzXaaTrndq, plastic]. Blood-forming. Hematoplethora {hem-at-o-pleth'-or-ah). Synonym of Plethora. Hematopoiesis {hem-ai-o-poi-e'-sis) [aT^ua, blood; TTOihiv, to make]. The making of blood. See Hematosis. Hematopoietic [hem-at-o-poi-ef -ik) [ciiua, blood ; ■KOihiv, to make] . Relating to or forwarding the pro- cesses of blood-making. Hematoporphyrin {hem-at-o-por' -fe-rin) \atiia, blood ; TTiip^Dpof, purple], CjgHjjNgOij. Iron-free hematin, a metabolitic decomposition-product of hemoglobin. HEMATOPORPHYRINURI A 552 HEMIALBUMINOSE It is produced by dissolving hematin in concentrated HjSO^. It occurs occasionally in urine and in egg- shells of certain birds. See Polyperythrin. Hematoporphyrinuria (Jiem' -at-o-por' -fe-rin-u '-re-ah) [ai/io, blood ; v6pifn)po^, purple; ovpov, -aTvae]. The presence of hematoporphyrin in the urine. Hematoporphyroidin (hem-at-o-por-fir-oid' -in) [ol/ia, blood ; Trdfiijivpof, purple] . A substance similar in origin and character to hematoporphyrin, but less soluble. Like hematoporphyrin, it is sometimes found in the urine. Hematoposia {hem-at-o-po' -%e-alL) \aipM, blood ; Trdrnf, a drinking]. Blood-drinking as a therapeutic meas- ure ; hematopisis. Hematopsia (hem- at-op' -se-aK) [ai,ua, blood ; ui/i, eye]. An extravasation of blood in the subconjunctival tis- sues of the eye. Hematoptysis ihem-at-op' -tis-is). Siaae as, Hemoptysis. Hematorrhachis [hem-at-or' -ak-is) [ol^a, blood ; paxiQ, spine]. Hemorrhage within the vertebral canal. Hematorrhea [hem-al-or-e' -ah) [al^a, blood; f>ola, a. flow]. A copious passive flow or discharge of blood ; a hemorrhage. Hetnatorrhosis [hetn-at-or-o' -sis) [aifia, blood ; b'pp6Q, serum]. Separation of the serum of the blood. Hematosac \hem' -at-o-sak) [al/ia, blood ; sacctis, a bag]. A blood-cyst. Hematosalpinx (jiem-at-o-sal' -pinks) [al/^a, blood ; aaATTi-y^, a trumpet]. A hemorrhagic distention or ob- struction of a Fallopian tube. Hematoscheocele [hem-at-os' -ke-o-sll) [aifia, blood ; 6ij;f Eov, scrotum ; K^/l;?, tumor]. A hemorrhagic tumor or distention of the scrotum. Hematoscope (hem' -at-o-skop) \aip.a, blood ; aKoirelv, to inspect]. A modified form of, or an attachment to, the spectroscope, for use in examination of blood. Hematoscopy (hem-at-os' -ko-pe) \aip.a, blood ; OKOtrnv, to inspect] . Spectroscopic examination of the blood and blood-discs. Hematose (hem'-at-os) [ai/ja, blood]. Full of blood. Hematosepsis [hefn-at-o-sep' -sis). See Sepiiceinia. Hematosin (hem-at-o'-sin). See Hematin. lA^xt\^\.Q^\% (hem-at-o'-sis)\ai^aTuaL<;\ al/ia, blood]. I. The process of the formation of blood and the de- velopment of blood-corpuscles. 2. The arterializa- tion of the blood. Hematospectroscope (hem-at-o-spek' -tro-skop) \aifia, blood; spectrum, an image; anoirslv, to view]. A spectroscope adapted for use in the study of the blood. Hematospermia (hem-at-o-sper' -me-ah) \aifi.a, blood ; a-nsp/ia, seed] . The discharge of bloody semen . Hematospongus (hem-at-o-spun' -gus) [alfia, blood ; ff/rdyyof, sponge]. Medullary sarcoma. Hematothorax (hem-at-o-tho' -raks). See Hemothorax. Hetnatoxic (hem-at-oks' -ik) \ai\ia, blood ; to^ik6v, a poison]. Pertaining to a poisoned or impure condi- tion of the blood. Hematoxin (hem-at-oks' -in) \aijia, blood ; to^ik6v, poison]. Any blood-poison or poisonous principle developed in the blood. Hematoxylin (hem-at-oks' -il-in) [al/ia, blood ; ^vXav, wood], C[gH„0„. The coloring-matter of logwood; it is very soluble in water and alcohol, and crystallizes in yellowish prisms with 2H.^0. It dissolves in alkalies with a violet-blue color. It is a valuable stain in microscopy. See Pigments, Conspectus of. H., Delafield's. See Stains, Table of. For other hema- toxylin stains, including Bohmer's, Kleinenberg's, Mayer's, Friedlander's and Cook's, see Stains, Table of. Hematoxylon (hem-at-oks' -il-on) \_di fia., hXooA ; ^vknv, wood]. Logwood. The heart-wood of H. campe- chianum ; it occurs as dark brown raspings or a coarse powder, and contains tannic acid and a coloring-prin- ciple, hematoxylin, CigHjjOg, that becomes grayish-red by the action of light. It is a mild astringent. H., Ext. Dose gr. v-xx. H., Decoctum, strength I to 17. Dose gj-ij. Unof. Hematozoic [hem-at-o-zo'-ik) \ai,jia, blood; f^ov, an animal]. Pertaining to a hematozoon. Hematozoon (hem-at-o-zo' -on) \_aiy.a, blood ; f^oov, animal: pi., Hematozoa"]. Any living organism or animal in the blood. Hematozymotic (hem-at-o-zi-mof -ik) [alfia, blood ; C,i)p.7i, leaven]. Relating to a blood-ferment, or to fermentation in the blood of a living organism. Hematuresis (hem-at-u-re'-sis) [aljia, blood ; oibpou, urine]. The passage of bloody urine. Hematuria (hem-al-u' -re-ah) [al/ia, blood ; oipov, urine]. Hematuresis. Blood in the urine. It may be due to injury, local disease, general disorder, or the presence of entozoa. When only the coloring-matter of the blood is found in the urine, it is termed hemo- globinuria or hematinuria. The color of the urine in hematuria varies from bright-red to a dingy, smoky color, or to merely a tinging of the urine. The urine may be examined for blood-corpuscles by means of the microscope ; the presence of blood may be demon- strated by the spectroscope. Almen's, or the guai- acum test, or Heller's test may be made. .See Tests, Table of. H., Intermittent, that form due to malarial poisoning. H., Paroxysmal. Same as H., InterTnittent. Hemautogram (hem-aw' -to-gram) \aLfm, blood ; airdf , self; ypcLjijia, a tracing]. The tracing made in hem- autography. Hemautograph (hem-aw' -to-graf). Same as Hem- autogram. Hemautography (hem-aw-tog' -ra-fe) \aifia, blood ; avT6q, self; -/p&feiv, to write]. The tracing of the pulse-curve by the jet of blood from a divided artery caught upon paper drawn in front of it. Hemeralopia (hem-er-al-o'-fe-ah) [fijitpa, day; i!i^;, eye]. Day- vision or night-blindness ; a symptom of pigmentary degeneration of the retina, failure of general nutrition, etc. Vision is good by day or in a strong light, but fails at night. See also Nyctalopia. Hemeraphonia (hem-er-af-o' -ne-ah) [^ntpa, day; a, priv. ; ^ov^, voice]. Loss of voice during the day, with return of the power of phonation at night. Hemerythrin (hem-er' -ith-rin) \ai\ia, blood ; epvBpd;, red]. The pigment found by Krukenberg in the blood of Sipunculus nudus. Hemerythrogen (hem-er-ith'-ro-gen) [aljia, blood ; kpvdplq, red ; yevfjg, producing] . The chromogen of hemerythrin. Hemi- (hem'-e-) \fim, half]. A prefix, meaning one- half. In anatomy and physiology it is applied to one of the two lateral halves of the body. Hemiablepsia (hem-e-ab-lep' -se-ah) \fi\i.i, half ; afiXeipia, blindness]. See Hemianopsia. Hemiacephalus (hem-e-ah-sef'-al-us) [■///u, half; o, priv. ; KE'iiak'^, head]. A variety of omphalositic monsters of the species Paracephalus. It is the lowest grade of development in paracephalus, closely approaching true acephalus. Hemiachromatopsia (hem-e-ah-kro-mat-op'-se-ah)\_fifa, half ; a, priv. ; xP^f-"^^ color ; 6i/)(f, vision] . Subnormal or absent color-vision in corresponding halves of the field of vision. Hemialbumin (hem-e-a! ' -bu-min). See 4nti-albumin. Hemialbuminose (hem-e-al-bu' -min-bs). The same as Hemialbumose, HEMIALBUMOSE 553 HEMIHYPERESTHESIA Hemialbumose (hem-e-al'-bu-mos) \fiv.i, half; albu- men, the white of egg] . The most characteristic and most frequently obtained by-product of proteid zymo- lysis. It is the forerunner of hemipeptone. It is frequently found in the urine, and occurs normally in the marrow of bones and in cerebro-spinal fluid. See Peptones. Hemialbumosuria (hem-e-al-bu-mos-u' -re-aK). Same as Propeptonuria. Hemialgia {kem-e-al' -je-aK) \iijii, half; aXyoq, pain]. Unilateral neuralgia. Hemianalgesia (hem-e-an-al-je' -se-ah) \iifu, half; hv priv. ; o/l/of, pain]. Insensibility to pain throughout one lateral half of the body and limbs. Hemianasarca (hem-e-an-as-ar' -kaK) \jiiu, half; avd, through; trdjof, flesh]. Edemaof one-half of the body. Hemianesthesia (hem-e-an-es-the-ze' -ah^ \_^/ii, half; avaiaQi/aia, want of feeling] . Partial or complete loss of the sense of feeling in a lateral half of the body. Hemianopia (hem-e-an-o' -pe-ah\ See Hemianopsia. Hemianopsia (hem-e-an-op'- se-ah) [^fii, half; av, priv. ; Siiif, sight]. Blindness in one-half of the visual field. It may be bilateral (binocular) or mono- lateral (monocular or uniocular) , according as it affects one or both eyes. H., Binasal, due to anesthesia of the temporal halves of the retina, the nasal fields thereby failing to be visible. H., Bitemporal, the re- verse of the last. H., Crossed or Heteronymous, a general term for either binasal or bitemporal hemianop- sia. H., Homonymous, right, or left, the most com- mon form, affecting the inner half of one field and the outer of the other. H., Inferior and Superior, the upper or lower halves of the retina are insensitive. Hemianoptic {hem-e-an-op' -tik') \rim, half; av, priv. ; 6i/)(f, sight]. Affected with hemianopsia. Hemiataxia [hem-e-at-aks'-e-ah) \riju, half; d, priv. ; Tiif(f, order]. Inability to produce orderly or system- atic movements on one side of the body. Hemiathetosis (hem-e-ath-et-o' -sis) \r]ui, half ; aderog, without fixed position] . A term for athetosis or in- voluntary rhythmic movements of one side of the body only. tieinia.tiophy ,{Aem-e-at'-ro-/e) [^/ii, half; arpofta, lack of nourishment]. Imperfect or impaired nutrition confined to oneside of the body. Hemiazygous [hem-e-az' -ig-us) [vfu, half; d, priv.; ft/ydf, a yolk]. Partially paired ; imperfectly azy- gous, H. Veins. See Vein. Hemibranchiate [hem-e-brang' -ke-di) \jif-t, half; ^piyXia, gills]. In biology, having an incomplete bran- chial apparatus. Hemic (hem'-ik) [alfia, blood]. Pertaining to the blood ; hemal. Hemicardia {hem-e-kar'-de-ah) {I'lju,- half; napSla, heart]. Half of a four-chambered heart. Hemicarp [hem'-e-karp] [y/ii, half; Kapirdg, fruit]. In biology, one of the separable carpels of a dicarpel- lary fruit. Hemicatalepsy [hem-e-kaf -al-ep-se) \iiiu, half; Kara- Ti^efia, catalepsy]. Catalepsy affecting only one lateral half of the subject. Hemicentrum \hem-e-sen' -trum) \_fnu, half; nkvrpov, center] . Either one of the two lateral elements of the centrum of a vertebra. Hemicephalia (hem-e-sef-a'-le-ah). Synonym of Hemicrania. Kemicephalus (hem-e-sef -al-us) [f/jii, half; Kefa^, head]. A monster fetus in which the cerebral hemi- spheres and skull are absent or undeveloped. It is a synonym of AnencepAa/us. Hemicerebrum {hem-e-ser' -e-brum) [^/ii, half; cere- brum, cerebrum]. A cerebral hemisphere. Hemichordate {hem-e-kor'-dat') \liemi, half; chorda, a string]. In biology, of or pertaining to such animal forms as are intermediate between the Chordata and the Achordata, e.g., Balanoglossus. Hetnichorea (hem-e-ko-re' -ah) \fifu, half; xopt'ia, chorea, dance] . Unilateral chorea; a form of chorea in which the convulsive movements are confined to one side of the body only. Hemicollin (hem-e-kol' -in) \jip-L, half; K6Xka, glue], C^jH^jNijO]^. A peptone-like substance derived from collagen. It is soluble in 70-80 per cent, alcohol, and is not precipitable by platinum tetra- chlorid. Hemicrania (hem-e-kra' -ne-aJC) \fijii, half; Kpaviov, head]. Neuralgia or headache of one-half of the head. See Migraine. Hemicranic {hem-e-kra' -nik) . [t//u, half; KpaviSv, skull]. Pertaining to half the skull. H. Equiva- lents, a name given to isolated symptoms — flitting scotomata, vomiting, vaso-motor disturbances, etc. — in cases of aborted migraine. Hemicyclic {hem-e-si' -klik) \riju, half; /ci/c^f, a circle]. In biology, having certain of the floral organs ar- ranged in whorls, and others ina spiral. Hemidesmus (hem-e-dez'-mus) \^pi, half; Ssa/i6c, a band]. Indian sarsaparilla. The dried root of H. indicus, imported from India. It is a tonic, alterative, diaphoretic, and diuretic. H.,Syr. (B.P.). Dose gj. Hemidiaphoresis {hem-e-di-af-or-e' -sis) {jiiu, half; 6ia(l>6priacs, sweating]. Sweating of one lateral half of the body only. Hemidrosis (hem-id-ro'-sis) . See Hematidrosis. Hemidysesthesia {hem-e-dis-es-the'-ze-ah) [niu, half; Svg, difficult; aladr/mg, sensation]. Enfeebled or dulled sensation in a lateral half of the body, or in half of one of the organs of sense. Hemidystrophia {hem-e-dis-tro' -fe-aK) \fijii, half; Sva, ill; rpo^, nourishment]. In biology, the state of being imperfectly nourished. Hemi-elastin {hem-e-e-las'-tin). See Proto-elastose. Hemielytrum, Hemielytron {hem-e-el' -it-rum, -tron) [i)/ii, half; IXvrpov, z.^&a.\}a: pl.,Hemielytra'\. One of the fore-wings of hemipterous and heteropterous insects, or one of the dorsal scales of certain marine annelids, as in Hermioni. Hemiencephalon {hem-e-en-sef -al-on) [jipi, half; tyKi(j>a?iog, brain]. Either lateral half of the brain. Hemiencephalus [hem-e-en-sef -ai-us) [^r/pi, half; kyid^a'hoQ, brain] . A monstrosity without organs of sense, but possessing otherwise a nearly normal brain. Hemiepilepsy [hem-e-ep' -il-ep-se) [fifii, half; hwihi^la, epilepsy]. A form of epilepsy in which the convul- sions are confined to one lateral half of the body. Hemifornix {hem-e-for' -niks) \iip.L, half; fornix, an arch, vault]. A name used to designate the irregular, elongated portion of either paracelian floor, composed of hippocamp, fimbria, and fornicolumn. Hemigamous {hem-ig' -am-us) \rifu, half; yafiog, mar- riage]. In biology, applied to grasses in which one floret is neuter and the other male or female. Hemiglossitis {hem-e-glos-i' -tis) [^lu, half; yTMcraa, tongue ; trig, inflammation] . Inflammation of one-half of the tongue only. A definite nodule or lump may be present in the substance of the tongue. Hemignathous [hem-ig' -na-thus) \fip.i, half; yvoBog, jaw]. In biology, applied to such birds as have one mandible shorter than the other. Hemihidrosis {hem-e-hid-ro' -sis) \rjp.i, half; iSp6g, sweat]. The same as Hemidiaphoresis. Hemihyperesthesia (hem-e-hi-per-es-the' -ze-aK) \fip-i., half; iivip, over ; axavqcvg, sensation]. Hyperesthesia confined to one lateral half of the body. HEMIHYPERTROPHY 554 HEMITERATIC Hemihypertrophy {hem-e-ki-per' -tro-fe) \fifii, half; mkp, over ; rpoi^i), nourishment]. Hypertrophy of half of the body. Hemihypesthesia (hem-e-hi-pes-the' -ze-ah) \iifiL, half; m6, under; alaSr/aig, perception]. Impairment of sensibility in one lateral half of the body. Hemilethargy (heni-e-leth'-ar-je) \fitiL, half ; ArjBapyia, lethargy]. A state of partial lethargy. Hemimelus (hem-im'-el-us) \i]jj,i, half; fi.c?iog, limb]. An ectromelic monstrosity having deficient or atrophied forearms, legs, feet, and hands, and normal arms and thighs. Hemimetaboly {hem-e-met-ab' -o-le) \ri}ii, half; jiZTa^okii , transformation]. In biology, incomplete or imperfect metamorphosis ; hemimetamorphosis. Hemimetamorphosis [hem-e-met-am-or' -fo-sis) [?J//i, half; fieTa/idp^aaic, transformation]. In biology, in- complete metamorphosis ; hemimetaboly. Hetnimyasthenia (hem-e-})ii-as-t/te'-ne-ah) \Jiiu, half; iw;, muscle; aadevia, vifeakness]. Myasthenia of one lateral half of the body. Hemimyoclonus {kem-e-mi-ok' -lo-nus) [yfcc, half; fivg, muscle ; /cAovof , commotion] . Clonic spasm of the muscles of one lateral half of the body. Hemin (hem' -in) [al/ia, blood], CjjHjjNjFeOj.HCl. Teichmann's crystals, or hydrochlorid of hematin. A doubly-refractive pleochromatic crystalline substance derived from blood. It is obtained by heating under a cover-slip, a drop of fresh blood on a glass-slide with a little glacial acetic acid. In the case of blood that has been dried, or in old blood-clot or stain, the resi- ^*^^^ tl'^<" *^« Hemin Crystals. J. Human. 2. Seal. 3. Calf. 4. Pig. 5. Lamb. 6. Pike. 7. Rabbit. due should be powdered as finely as possible with a trace of NaCl. Some of this powder is then placed on a slide and glacial acetic acid added, and heat care- fully applied. The crystals are dark-brown or black, elongated rhombic plates and prisms belonging to the triclinic system ; they are insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform, or dilute acids. Hemineurasthenia (hem-e-nu-ras-the' -ne-ah) \jiiu, half; vevpov, a nerve ; acdEvia^ weakness]. Neuras- thenia peculiar to one lateral half of the body. nemiiypia, [hem-e-op'-e-ah) [1^,11;, half; iJ)i/), eye]. The older term for hemianopsia. Hemiopia refers to the seeing-half of the retina, hemianopsia to that part of the field not seen. Hemiopsia, Hemiopy {hem-e-op'-se-ah, hem' - e-op-e). See Hsmiopia. Hemipagus (hem-ip'-ag-us) \_ftju, half; m/yvijvai, to unite]. A monomphalic monstrosity united by the thoraces, and with a common mouth. Hemiparaplegia (hem-e-par-ap-W -je-aK) \jitii. half; ■KapOKXtiy'ia, paralysis of the limbs]. Paralysis of a lower limb on one side only. Hemiparesis (hem-e-por' -es-is) \rifu, half; n/ipeaig, im- pairment of strength] . Paresis, or weakening of the strength on one side of the body only. Hemiparesthesia [hem-e-par-es-the' -ze-ah) {jiiu, half; napd, beside ; aladriaiQ, sensation]. Numbness or paresthesia of one lateral half of the body. Hemiparetic [hem-e-par-ef -ik) [j^iu, half; vapeaig, im- pairment of strength] . Affected with hemiparesis. Hemi-peptone (hem-e-pep'-ton). See Peptones. Hemiphalacrosis {hem-e-fal-ak-ro' -sis) \_fiiu, half; aic, baldness] . Baldness affecting one lateral half of the head. Hemiphonia (^««-^-/o'-»^-a^) [^fu, half; ^(jd^, voice]. Speech having the characteristics of half-voice, half- whisper ; used by patients in great weakness and ex- haustion. Hemipinic Acid (hem-e-pin' -ik) . See Acid. Hemiplegia [hem-e-ple' -je-ah) [fi/u, half; vXriyii, stroke]. Paralysis of one side of the body, due usually to a lesion of some part of the corpus striatum and internal capsule, of the crus cerebri, or of the cor- tex or subcortex of the opposite side of the brain. H., Alternate, paralysis of the facial muscles upon one side, with paralysis of the trunk and extremities upon the opposite side of the body. H., Bilateral Spastic. See Paraplegia, Infantile Spasmodic. H., Cere- bral, the ordinary form first described. H. , Crossed. Same as H., Alternate. H., Facial, motor paralysis of one side of the face. H., Hephestic, from the use of the hammer by smiths, a form of occupation neu- rosis. H., Spastic, a form occurring in infants, in which the affected extremities are subject to convul- sive twitchings. H., Spinal, paralysis of one side or of the whole body, with loss of sensation of the opposite side. It is due to disease of the spinal cord. Hemiplexia {hem-e-pleks' -e-ah) . Same as Hemiplegia. Hemiprosoplegia \hem-e-pro-so-ple'-je-ah) \ii\u., half; TrpdauTTov, {ace; nX^y^, stroke"]. Paralysis of one side of the face. Hemiprotein (hem-e-pro'-te-in). See Antialbumate. Hemipterous [hem-ip' -ter-us) {ji^i, half; TrTspdv, wing]. In biology, applied to certain insects that have the fore-wings partly membranous and partly coriaceous or chitinous. Hemirheutnatism [hem-e-ru' -mat-izm) {tjiil, half; pev/iaTia/161, liability to rheum]. Rheumatism con- fined to one lateral half of the body. Hemisectiori' (hem-e-sek' -shun) [j?//i, half; seetio, a cutting]. Bisection; chiefly applied to division into two lateral halves. See Medisection. Hemiseptum [hem-e-sep' -turn) [rjiu, half; septum, a partition]. The lateral half of a septum, as of the heart ; the lateral half of the septum lucidum. Hemispasm {hem'-e-spazm) [ij/u, half; aTTaixp.6;, a spasm]. A spasm or convulsive movement affecting only one side of the body. Hemisphere (hem' -is-fir) [))|U(, half; ff^aipra, a ball]. Half a sphere. H., Cerebellar, either lateral half of the cerebellum. H., Cerebral, either lateral half of the cerebrum. Hemisystole (hem-e-sis' -to-le) \jiiu, half; avajoXii, a contraction] . A peculiar kind of irregular action of the heart-muscle, in which, with every two beats of the heart, only one beat of the pulse is felt. Hemiterata (hem-it-er' -at-ah) \})}u, half; rfpaf, mon- ster]. A class of malformations, including all human bodies presenting any abnormality of development, not grave enough to be called monstrous, nor of the spe- cific character to be classed as heterotaxic or herma- phroditic. Hemiteratic (hem-it-er-at'-ik) \iifi.i., half; rtpag, a mon- ster]. Pertaining to Hemiterata. HEMITIS 555 HEMOGLOBINEMIA Hemitis [hem-i'-Hs] [ctLfia, blood; lti^, inflammation]. A condition of the blood associated with inflammation. Hemitriteus {hem-it-rit-e' -us) [ij^t, half; rptiq, three]. The semi-tertian form of ague. Hemitropous (hetn-W -ro-pus) \ji\u, half; Tponij, a turning over] . In biology, amphitropous ; half ana- tropous ; applied to the plant-embryo when much curved. Hemizonia {hem-iz-o' -ne-aK) \iif,i, half; f(4v7, girdle]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs and shrubs, of which some 19 species are Californian ; they are called tar- weeds and resin-weeds. They are generally strongly fragrant, resinous plants, locally esteemed for their balsamic qualities. Unof. Hemlock {hem'-lok). See Conium. H.-bark, a bark used in the manufacture of leather. It is taken from Abies canadensis of Canada and the United States, and contains nearly fourteen per cent, of tannin. It is said to produce a leather harder than oak-bark, but which is less pliable and more pervious to water. M.- extract, a strongly astringent, solid extract of hem- lock-bark, ^. V.' It is principally employed in the arts. H. Spruce. See Abies. Heme- {hem' -o-)\_diji,a, blood] . A prefix denoting blood. Hemocelutn [hem-o-se' -lum) [ai/io, blood; KoiKia, a cavity]. A blood-cyst. Hemochromogen (hem-o-kro' ■ mo-jeri) [cu/^a, blood ; xp^f"''t color; ysviii, producing]. An excretory pigment of certain invertebrates. In some bee- tles it has a respiratory func- tion. It is the same as £n- terohematin and Helicorubin. Hemochromometer {hem-o- kro-mem' -et-er) [ai//a, blood ; Xpafia, color ; /lirpov, meas- ure]. Colorimeter ; an instru- ment for estimating the amount of oxyhemoglobin in the blood, by comparing a solution of the blood with a ' standard solution of picrocar- minate of ammonia. Hemochyle {hem'-o-kil ) \_di\ia, blood; ;|;f/l(if, juice]. The blood-lymph of vertebrates. Hemocrystallin (hem-o-kris' - tal-in). See Hemoglobin. Hemocyanin (hem-o-si' -an-in) [ai/io, blood; Kvovog, blue], •^seTHisdsNj^jCuSjOjss (Grif- fiths). A blue proteid pig- ment, having a very constant percentage composition. It is analogous to hemoglobin, but contains copper instead of iron, and forms the chief constituent in the blood of many invertebrates, in which it acts as the carrier of pxygen. Hemocyne [hem' -o-nn') \_difia, blood ; Kvav, K.m6^, dog]. The serum of dogs' blood. 'R&raocyts(hem' -o-slt) [ol^«,blood ; kijtoc,3. cell]. One of the protistan organisms found in the blood of man and animals, I?. ^. , the parasite of malarial fever, as studied by Lavaran, Celli, Machiafava, Golgi, Councilman, Osier, and Pfeiffer. See Parasites {Animal) Table of. Hemocytolysis (hem-o-si-tol' -is-is) [ol|UO, blood; /ciiTOf, cell ; XiiEiv, to unloose] . The dissolution of blood- corpuscles by means of heat. Hemocytometer [hem-o-si-tom' -et-er] \mfia, blood; niro^, a cell ; fiSTpov, a measure] . A device for estimating the number of corpuscles in the blood. The instrument of Gowers, illustrated below, and that of Thoma are those most frequently employed. Hemocytotrypsis (hem-o-si-to-trip> -sis) \(iijia, blood ; (oiTOf, cell ; rptpeiv, to rub] . The breaking up of blood-corpuscles under strong pressure. Hemodiapedesis {hem-o-di-ap-ed-e' -sis) [al/ia, blood ; SiaTxijdjiciL^, an oozing through]. The transudation of blood through the skin. Hemodromograph [hem-o-dro'-mo-graf). Same as Hemotachometer. Hemodromometer (hem-o-dro-mom' -et-er). See ffema- dromomeier. Hemodynamoineter (hem-o-di-nam-om' -et-er). See Hemadynamometer . Hemogallol (hem-o-gal'-ol) [al/ia, blood; galla, gall- nut]. A proprietary substance occurring as a brownish- red powder, and formed by oxidizing the hemoglobin of the blood by pyrogallol. It is used in anemia in doses of gr. iss-viiss. Unof. Hemogastric {hem-o-gas' -trik) l^al/ia, blood ; yaariip, stomach]. Pertaining to blood in the stomach. Hemogenesls {hem.-o-jen' -es-is) \aiiia, blood ; yhimvq, generation]. The formation of blood. 'S.exaa^&vA.z (hem-o-jen' -ik) [a'l^a, blood; yfoeffif, gen- eration] . Pertaining to the formation of blood ; blood- producing. Gowers' Hemocytometer. A. Pipet for measuring the diluted solution. B. Capillary tube for measuring the blood. C. Cell with divisions on the floor, mounted on a slide. D. Vessel in which the dilution is made. E. Glass stirrer. F. Guarded spear-pointed needle. Hemoglobin [hem-o-glo' -bin) \aijm, blood ; globus, a round body]. Hematoglobin , Hemocrystallin. A doubly-refractive, pleochromatic colloid or crystalline matter, existing in the corpuscles of the blood, and to which their red color is due. In man the amount is 13.77 per cent., in woman 12.59 per cent., reduced by pregnancy to from 9 to 12 per cent. It is an oxygen- carrier or respiratory pigment. The crystals of hemo- globin have a dark-red appearance with a strong purple or bluish tint ; they are very soluble in water. Hemoglobinemia {hem-o-glo-bin-e' -me-aK) \_diiia, blood ; globus, a round body ; difm, blood] . A con- dition in which the hemoglobin is dissolved out of the red corpuscles, probably as the result of the destruc- tion of the latter, and is held in solution in the serum. The blood is "lake "-colored. It occurs in some in- HEMOGLOBINIFEROUS 556 HEMOPHTHISIS fectious diseases, and after injecting certain substances into the blood. Hemoglobiniferous (hem-o-glo-bin-if -er-us) {(iifia, blood ; globits, a round body ; ferre, to bear] . Yield- ing or carrying hemoglobin. ' Hemoglobinocholia [hem-o-glo-bin-o-ko' -le-ah) [cCiiia, blood; ^/o^«j, a round body ; ;foA^, bile]. The pres- ence of hemoglobin in the bile. Hemoglobinometer (Jiem-o-glo-bin-om'-et-er) [ai/ia, blood ; globus, a round body ; /lerpov, a measure] . An instrument for the quantitative estimation of hemo- GOWERS' Hemoglobinometee. A. Pipet -bottle for jlistilled water. B, Capillary pipet. C. Graduated tube. D. Closed tube containing standard dilu- tion. F. Lancet for pricking the finger. globin by comparing the color of a solution of blood of unknown with a color of a known valuation. Hemoglobinuria [hem-o-glo-bin-u' -re-aK) \ai,fui, blood ; globzcs, a round body ; ovpov, urine] . The presence of hemoglobin, the red coloring-matter of the blood, in the urine, due either to its solution out of the red corpuscles, or to disintegration of the red corpus- cles. It occurs after transfusion of blood, during cer- tain stages of septicemia, and after severe burns. It is unattended with the presence of the corpuscular ele- ments of the blood in the urine, thus differing from hematuria. Hemoglobin Test : to a suspected sam- ple add a drop of acetic acid and boil ; a red coagulum indicates hemoglobin. See, also, Almen's Test, Hemin, and Heller. H., Epidemic, a condition of the new- born marked by jaundice, cyanosis, and nervous symp- toms. H. Intermittent. See H. , Paroxysmal. H., Paroxysmal, a form characterized by recurring peri- odic attacks. It is related to cold, and is also closely associated with Raynaud's Disease. H., Toxic, that form occurring in consequence of poisoning by various substances, e. g. , potassium chlorate. Hemoglobulin \hem-o-glo¥ -u-lin) [ai|Ua, blood ; globus, a ball]. Same as Hemoglobin. Hemoid (hem'-oid) [alfia, blood; elSo^, likeness]. Having the appearance of, or resembling, blood. HeraoXo^y [hem-ol'-o-je)\_alim,'b\oo6,.; XdyoQ, science]. The science treating of the blood. Hemolutein (hem-o-lu' -te-in) \aifLa, blood ; luteus, yel- low]. A yellow coloring-matter obtained from corpora lutea. Hemolymph {hem'-o-limf) \_ai)m, blood ; lympha, Clearwater]. The blood of the higher invertebrata, containing more albuminoids and less water than the hydrolymph of lower forms. H. Glands, a variety of glands which, according to W. F. Robertson, are a kind of cross between the heraogenic glands {e. g. the spleen) and the lymphatic glands. The small prever- tebral glands are examples. Hemolysis (hem-ol'-is-is) \aLfm, blood; A^imj, solution]. Destruction or breaking-up of the red blood-corpuscles. Hemolytic (hem-o-lif -ik) \aijia, blood; Aiiffif, solu- tion]. Pertaining to hemolysis. Hemometer (hem-om' -et-er) \_difMi, blood; (itrpm, measure]. See Hemoglobmometer. Also, an appa- Fleischl's Hemometer. K. Red-colored wedge of glass moved by R. G. Mixing ves- sel with two compartments a and a'. M. Table with opening to read off the percentage of hemoglobin on the scale, P. T. To move K through R. S. Reflector of Plaster-of-Paris. ratus for ascertaining the amount of hemoglobin in normal or diseased blood. Hemometra (hem-o-me'-trah). See Hematometra. Hemoophoritis [hem-o-off-or-i' -tis) \a\na, blood ; ifi6v, egg; (pipuv, to bear]. Oophoritis with hemorrhage, Hemopericardium [kem-o-per-ik-ar' -de-um) [al^ja, blood; TTEpi, around; napSta, the heart]. An effu- sion of blood into the pericardial cavity. It is due usually to the bursting of an aneurysm of the aorta, but may also follow rupture of the heart, or the burst- ing of an aneurysm of one of the coronary arteries. Hemophagic (hem-o-faf -ik^ \aifm,, blood ; pa^, the chest]. An effu- sion of air and blood within the pleura. Hemopoiesis [hem-o-poi-e'-sis). See Hematopoiesis. Hemoptysis (hem-op' -tis-is) [aijia, blood; nrveiv, to spit]. The spitting of blood. The term is confined usually to the expectoration of blood from the lungs. It may be slight or profuse, and death may result from suffocation. The blood is frothy and bright-red. H., Parasitic. See Distoma ringeri. Hemorhodin (hem-or-o' -din) \\oodL; ^^f,nose]. Epistaxis; nose-bleed. Hemorrhoid [hem' -or-oid) [al/.i6ppooc, flowing with blood]. Pile. An enlarged and varicosfe condition of the vessels in the tissues around the anus, sometimes associated with eversion of the rectal mucous mem- brane. There is always more or less pain and tender- ness, with discomfort in sitting. Hemorrhoids are caused by sedentary habits, constipation, obstruction to the portal circulation, or violent purging. H., External, situated without the sphincter ani. H., Internal, within the anal orifice. Hemorrhoidal (hem-or-oi'-dal) [alfidppooc, flowing with blood]. Pertaining to or affected with hemorrhoids. Hemoscope {hem'-o-sksp) . Same as Hematoscope. Hemosialemesis [hem-o-si-al-em'-es-is) [al/io, blood ; amTidv, saliva ; k/.ihiv, to vomit]. A form of vomit- ing sometimes observed in hysterical women with dysmenorrhea, the vomited matter consisting largely of saliva and a small quantity of blood, in addition to the ordinary contents of the stomach. Hemosiderin (hem-o-sid^-er-in) [aXjia, blood ; aid^poc, iron]. Neumann's name for a pigment often found in extravasations and thrombi with hematoidin, but differing from the latter in containing iron. Hemospasia (hem-o-spa'-ze-ah) [al/M, blood ; airaeiv, to draw] . The drawing of blood to a part ; derivative action ; the process of dry-cupping, especially when thoroughly carried out. Hemospastic (hem-o-spas'-tik) \ai.fia, blood; OTraeiv, to draw] . Effecting or pertaining to hemospasia. Hemostasia, or Hemostasis Chem-o-sta'-se-ah, or hem-os' -tas-is) [a\fj,a, blood ; craaig, a standing]. I. Stagnation of the blood-current. 2. Arrest of a flow of blood. Hemostatic (hem-o-stat'-ik) [ai/xa, blood; arariKS;, stationary]. Having the power to arrest hemorrhage. Also, an agent or remedy that an-ests or restrains bleed- ing. Hemostatics ihem-o-stat' -iks). See Hemastatics. Hemotachometer (hem-o-tak-om' -et-er) \aijia, blood ; T(i;t;of, swiftness; ^Erpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring the rate of flow of arterial blood. Hemotexis (hem-o-teks' -is) \_&jia, blood ; r^fff, a melt- ing] . The dissolution of putrid blood. Hemothorax {henv-o-tho' -raks) \aifm, blood ; 8i>pa^, the chest]. An accumulation of blood in a pleural cavity. It may occur under many varied conditions. Hemotrophy (hem-ot'-ro-fe) [ai|U(i, blood; rpofr/, nourishment]. Synonym of Plethora, q. v. Hemp [ME. , hemp, hemp] . The hemp-fiber is the pro- duct of the Cannabis sativa, which is grown for textile purposes chiefly in Russia and Italy, while the seed is grown in India. It is a bast-fiber similar to that of the flax-plant, but coarser and stronger, and of deeper color, and less luster. It is used chiefly for the manu- facture of ropes and cordage, and the fabric woven from it, known as canvas, is used in sail-making. Hemp is a mixture of cellulose and bastose. H., Manila, is a tropical fiber obtained on the Philippine Islands from the leaves of the wild plantain. It furnishes a very superior rope-making fiber, because of its combined lightness and strength, and the finer grades are used for woven goods. The color is yellowish or white, and the white variety has a fine silky luster. H., Suron, is grown in India, and furnishes a fiber of light-yellowish color. It resembles jute, although less lustrous. It is well adapted for cordage and netting. H., Sisal (or henequen) , is derived from the fleshy leaves of a species of agave grown in Yucatan and the West Indies. It is used largely in the United States as a substitute for jute in the manufacture of bagging and for cordage, being stronger and lighter than jute. See also Cannabis. H. -nettle. See Galeopsis. H.-seed Calculus, a small rounded urinary concretion composed of oxalate of lime. It may vary in size from a pin's head to that of a hemp- seed, and is smooth and dark-colored. H.-seed Oil, oleum cannabis, is obtained from thfe seeds of the Cannabis sativa or common hemp. It has a mild odor, but mawkish taste, and greenish-yellow color, turning brown with age. Its specific gravity at 15° C. is .9276. It is freely soluble in boiling alcohol, has weaker drying properties than linseed oil, but is used in paint and varnish manufacture and in making soft soaps. HEMURESIS 558 HEPATOCYSTIC Hemuresis {hem-u-re' -sis). Synonym of Hematuria. Hen [ME., hen, a hen]. The female of the domestic fowl. H.-bane. See Hyoscyamus. H.-blindness, a popular name for night-blindness. H. -cluck Stertor, a form of stertorous respiration heard in some cases of retropharyngeal abscess. Henequen (hen'-e-keri). See Hemp, Sisal. Henle's Ansa. See Ansa. H.'s Canals. See Canal. H.'s Fenestrated Membrane, the layer of longitud- inal elastic fibers of the inner coat of the arteries. H.'s Fibers, the elastic fibers forming the fenestrated mem- brane of Henle. H.'s Glands. See Gland. H.'s Layer, a layer of flat, horny, polygonal, non-nuclea- ted cells situated between the cuticula and the ex- ternal root-sheath of a hair-bulb. H.'s Loop, a loop in the uriniferous tubules. See Tubuli uriniferi. H.'s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. H.'s Sheath, a connective-tissue sheath, surrounding terminal nerve-fibers. H.'s Tubular Tumor. See Siphon- oma. Henna (hen'-aK) [Arab., Khanna, henna]. A cosmetic much used in the Orient ; it is prepared from the leaves oi Lawsonia alba, and is sometimes used externally and internally in leprosy and in skin-diseases. Unof. Henocacdia [ken-o-kar^ -de-a/i) [elf, ev, one ; Kapdla, heart]. ' The condition of having but one auricle and one ventricle in the heart ; it is normal in some of the lower animals. Henoch's Purpura. See Diseases, Table of, Henogenesis [hen-o-jen' -es-is) [elf [h-), one ; yeveat;, origin]. In Ijiology, the developmental history of an individual organism ; ontogenesis. Henosis [hen-o' -sis) [ivuaig, imiting]. I. Healing or uniting. 2. Symblepharon. "ilcaoXic [hen-of -ik) \_ivL>Tiii6g ; eif, one]. Tending to heal or to promote union. Henry's Law. See Law. Hensen's Disc. See Engelmann's Middle Disc. H.'s Experiment, an experiment proving that the so-called auditory hairs of the crustacean Mysis vibrate to a particular note. H.'s Prop-cells. See H.' s Support- ing Cells. H.'s Stripe, a glistening band in the mid- dle of the under surface of the membrana tectoria of the ear. H.'s Supporting Cells, tall columnar epi- thelial cells on the outer side of the outermost of Deiters' cells of the ear. Hepar (he'-par) lyvrap, the liver ; gen. Hepaiis']. The liver ; jecur. H. adiposum, a synonym of fatty liver. H. amyloideum, amyloid degeneration of the liver. H. sulphuris, the liver of sulphur; potassium sul- phid ; formerly much employed in medicine ; now used mainly by homeopathists. Hepatalgia \hep-at-al^ -je-aJi) [^Tra/y, liver; aXyog, pain]. Pain in the liver, but more especially the paroxysmal pain occasionally affecting the right hypochondrium. Hepatalgic (hep-at-al'-jiS) \_nTrap, the liver; aXyoq, pain] . Relating to or affected with hepatalgia. Hepatapostema {hep-at-ap-os-te'-maK) [vto/d, liver; aTrdaTTJua, abscess://., Hepatapostemata\ An abscess of the liver. Hepatauxesis (hep-at-awks-e' -sis) [^wap, liver ; av^r/aiq, enlargement]. Enlargement of the liver. Hepatectomy {hep-at-ek' -to-me) [^Trap, liver; inroiMfj, a cutting out]. Excision of the liver, wholly or in part. Hepatemphractic {hep-at-em-frak' -titi) \fiTrap, liver ; IfKppa^t;, obstruction]. Relating to hepatemphraxis. Hepatemphraxis (hep-at-em-fraks' -is) \ji'Kap, liver ; Ifi^pa^ig, obstruction]. Hepatic obstruction. Hepathelcosis {hep-ath-el-ko' -sis) \finap, liver ; ekKMug, ulceration]. Ulceration of the liver. Hepatic (hep-at'-ik) IJ'rvanKdc ; ijirap, liver]. Pertain- ing or belonging to the liver. H. Aloes. See Aloes. H. Duct. See Duct. H. Lobes, the natural an- atomic divisions of the liver, usually designated as right, left, quadrate, spigelian, and caudate lobes. H. Plexus. See Plexus. H. Zones, certain areas in an hepatic lobule. The central area, capillaries and cells form the Hepatic-vein Zone, specially liable to congestive changes ; the area next the periphery of the lobule is the Portal-vein Zone ; and the area between the two the Hepatic-artery Zone. H. Starch, a synonym of Glycogen. Hepatica {hep-af -ik-ah) [^JTranfidg; ynap, liver]. The liverwort ; a genus of ranunculaceous plants. H. triloba and H. acutiloba were formerly esteemed in hepatic, renal, and pulmonic complaints. Unof. Hepaticell (hep-af -is-el) [riKarucog ; fjnap, liver; cella, cell]. An hepatic or liver cell; a cell of the liver tissue. Hepatico-ductitis [hep-af -ik-o-duk-ti' -tis) [^Tran/ciif, pertaining to the liver ; ductus, duct ; ltiq, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the hepatic ducts. Hepatic o-pancreatic [hep-af -ik-o-pan-kre-af-ik) \finaTt.K6g, pertaining to the liver; TrdyKpeag, sweet- bread] . Relating to the liver and the pancreas. Hepaticous [hep-af -ik-us) [i^TrariKiif, of the liver]. In biology, resembling liver. Hepaticula [hep-at-ik' -u-lali) [^irap, liver]. 1. A small liver. 2. A slight degree of hepatitis. Hepatin (hep'-at-in) \_^vap, liver]. Same as Glycogen. Hepatirrhagia [hep-at-ir-a'-je-ah)[rinap, liver; prfymvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the liver. Hepatirrhea ifiep-at-ir-e'-ah). See Hepatorrhea. Hepatism [hep' -at-izm) [HjTrap, liver]. Derangement of various functions of the body, due or ascribed to some functional or other disorder of the liver. Hepatitic [hep-at-if -ik) [^ijirap, liver ; (Ttf , inflamma- tion]. Affected with, or relating to, hepatitis. Hepatitis [hep-at-f -tis) \fi-Kap, liver; «T(f, inflamma- tion.] Inflammation of the liver. H. chronica in- terstitialis, cirrhosis of the liver. H., Parenchy- matous, Acute, acute yellow atrophy of the liver. H. suppurativa, abscess of the liver. Hepatitopyitis [hep-at-it-o-pi-i' -tis) \jivap, liver ; 7r{iw, pus; inf, inflammation]. Hepatitis characterized by the formation of abscesses. Hepatization [hep-at-iz-a'-shun) [fi^ap, liver]. An abnormal change in lung-tissue, in which it becomes solid and friable, somewhat resembling the tissue of the liver. H., Gray, the condition of a lung in the third stage of pneumonia. H., Red, that in the second stage of pneumonia. H., White, the condition of the lungs in stillborn syphilitic children. H., Yellow, the condition of the lung in the third stage of pneu- monia when tinted by the presence of numerous pus- cells. See Pneumonia. Hepatocace [hep-at-ok' -as-e) [i?7rap, liver; fca/cdf, ill]. Gangrene of the liver. Hepatocarcinia [hep-at-o-kar-sin'-e-ah) [fjvap, liver; Kapnivog, cancer]. Malignant disease of the liver. HepsLtocels [hep' -at-o-sSl) [^Trap, liver ; K^A)?,a tumor]. A form of hernia in which the liver protrudes through an opening in the abdominal wall. Hepatochromate [hep-at-o-kro' -mat) \iivap (i^irar-), the liver ; XpSi/ia, a color]. Krukenberg's name for Enterochlorophyl. Hepatocirrhosis (hep-at-o-sir-o'-sis) [sjn-ap, liver; Ki.pl>6g, yellow] . Cirrhosis of the liver. Hepatocolic [hep-at-o-hol'-ih) [j/frap, liver; koi^i', colon]. Relating to the liver and the colon. Hepatocystic [hep-at-o-sis' -tik) [^Trap, liver; /ciffnf, bladder]. Pertaining to the liver and the gall- bladder. HEPATODIDYMUS 559 HERAPATH'S METHOD Hepatodidymus {hep-at-o-did' -im-us) [^rrap, the liver ; Sidv/io^, double] A monster with a double body from the liver up. Hepatoduodenal (hep-at-o-du-od' -en-al^ [^^vap, liver ; duodeni, twelve each]. Relating to the liver and the duodenum. Hepatodynia (hep-at-o-din'-e-aK) [r/nap, liver; bSvvr;, pain]. Pain in the liver. Hepatogastric {hep-at-o-gas' -trik) \_^Ttap, liver ; yaar^p, stomach]. Pertaining to the liver and the stomach. Hepatogastritis (hepat-o-gas-tri' -(is) [^Trap, liver ; yaariip, stomach ; nu;, inflammation]. Inflammation of both liver and stomach. Hepatogenic (hep-at-o-jen' -ik) [^Trap, liver ; ytwav, to beget]. Produced by or in the liver. H. Icterus, also called absorption-icterus or jaundice, is caused by the absorption of bile already formed in the liver. Hepatography (hep-at-og' -ra-fe) [^irap, liver; ypa^uv, to write] . A description of the liver. Hepatoid {hep'-at-oid') \r]'Kap, liver; rfdoc, likeness]. Resembling a livSr or liver-substance. Hepatolith (,4f/''-a/-ff-/2//4) [r/Trap, liver; ^iSof, stone]. Biliary calculus ; gall-stone. , Hepatolithiasis (hep-at-o-lith-i' -as-is) [^vrap, liver; /liffiaffif, presence of calculus]. A disease character- ized by gall-stones or concretions in the liver. Hepatolithic (hep-at-o-lith' -ik) [^Top, liver; XiBo^, a stone]. Affected with biliary calculi. Hepatology (hep-at-oV o-je) \riii:ap, liver ; Xbyo^, science]. The science of the nature, structure, func- tions, and diseases of the liver. Hepatomalacia [hep-at-o-mal-a' -se-ah) [^xap, liver ; fjokiKia, softness]. Softening of the liver. Hepatomegalia {kep-at-o-meg-a' -le-aK) \T)-Kap, liver ; liiyai, large]. Auxesis of the liver. Hepatomyeloma {hep-at-o-mi-el-o' -maK) \rfKap, liver ; ^VE^iif, marrow ; o,ua, a tumor: //. Hepatomyelomatd\. Medullary carcinoma of the liver. Hepatoncus (hep-at-ong'-kus) [fjirap, liver; bymq, a tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the liver. Hepatonecrosis {hep-at-o-ne-kro' -sis) \TiTrap, liver; viKpaaif, death]. Gangrene of the liver. Hepatopancreas {hep-at-o-pan' -kre-as) \rii':ap, the liver ; TrdyKpeac, the pancreas: p/. Hepatopancreates^ In biology, a glandular organ of many invertebrates which exercises a digestive action upon starch and albumin, and at the same time secretes matters similar to those found in the bile of vertebrates. Hepatopathy (hep-at-op' -ath-e) \rfKap, liver ; niBo^, dis- ease]. Any hepatic disease or disorder. Hepatoperitonitis {hep-at-o-per-it-on-i'-Hs) [^irap, liver; 7rep/r(5va(ov, peritoneum ; trif, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the peritoneal or serous coat of the liver. Hepatopexia, or Hepatopexy (hep-at-o-peks'-e-ah, hef -at-o-peks-e) Ir/irap, liver; T^ftf, fixation]. The suturing of a floating liver in its proper position. Hepatophage [hep' -at-o-faj) [r/Trap, liver; ^ayew, to eat] . A giant-cell of a type peculiar to the liver ; it is said to absorb and to destroy liver-cells. Hepatophyma (hep-at-o-fi' -mah) [^Trap, liver; ^v^ia, growth]. Any tumor of the liver. Hepato-portal [hep-at-o-por'-tal) [f/irap, liver ; porta, a gate]. Relating to the portal circulation in the liver ; portal as distinguished from reniportal. Hepatoptosis [kep-at-op-to'-sis) {rjnap, liver ; izTaaig, a I,, falling]. Synonym of Floating Liver, q. v. i - Hepatorrhagia [kep-at-or-a'-je-ah) . Same as HepaHr- * rhagia. Hepatorrhaphy (hep-at-or' -a-fe) \ri-nap, liver ; /la^^, suture]. Suture of the liver. Hepatorrhea {hep at-or-e'-ah) [finap, liver ; poia, flow]. Morbid or excessive secretion of bile by the liver. Hepatorrhexis {hep-at-or-eks' -is) [^■rrap, liver ; prj^iq, a. rupture]. Rupture of the liver. Hepatoscirrhus [hep-at-o-skir' -us") \ijirap, liver ; OKip- puQ, an induration]. Scirrhous carcinoma of the liver. Hepatoscopy [hep-at-os' -ko-pe) [f/Trap, liver ; ckokcIv, to examine] . Visual examination of the liver. Hepato-splenitis {hep-at-o-splen-i' -tis) [^fop, liver; cTT^^t;, spleen ; trif, inflammation]. Inflammation of both liver and spleen. 'Re^B.Xa't.ova.y (hep-at-of -o-me) [jjirop, liver; Tkja>uv,\.o cut]. Incision of the liver. Hephestic {hef-es' -tik) \_Hephiestus , Vulcan]. Prevail- ing or occurring among hammermen. H. Cramp. See Hammermen'' s Cramp. H. Hemiplegia. See Hemi- Heptacosane (hep'-tak-o-sdn) [otto, seven], C^jHjj. A hydrocarbon contained in beeswax. Heptad [hep' -tad) [ivTa, seven]. In chemistry, an atom whose equivalence is seven atoms of hydrogen, or that can be combined with, substituted for, or re- placed by, seven atoms of hydrogen. Heptagynian [hep-taj-in' -e-an) . See Heptagynous. Heptagynious Uiep-taj-in' -e-us). See Heptagynous. Heptagynous \hep-taj' -in-us) [eTrrd, spven; ymii), female]. In biology, having seven pistilslbr styles. Heptamerous (liep-tam' -er-us) \k'KTa, seven ; fispog, a part] . In biology, consisting of seven parts ; having the organs in sevens. Heptandrous [hep-tan' -drus) [stttA, seven ; avTip, man]. In biology, having seven stamens. Heptane [hep'-tan) \_enTd, seven], C^Hjg. A paraffin existing as a mobile, colorless liquid. It is contained in petroleum, and is also obtained from the resin of Pinus sabiniana by dry distillation. It is also called abietene, theolin, erasene, and aurantin. See Hydro- carbons, Table of. Heptapetalous [hep-tah-pet' -al-us) [otto, seven ; •KkToksv, a leaf]. In biology, having seven petals. Heptaphyllous [hep-tah-fil' -us) \_ejTTd, seven ; ^iA/'uOV, a leaf] . In biology, having seven leaves. Heptatomic [hep-tai-om'-ii) \_eirTd, seven ; dro/iog, an atom] . Same as Jieptavalent, q. v. Heptavalent [hep-tav-a' -lent) [eirrd, seven; valens, having power]. In chemistry, equal to seven atoms of hydrogen in combining or saturating-power ; ap- plied to aji atom that can be substituted for, or re- placed by, seven atoms of hydrogen. Heptolactone [hep-to-lak' -ton) [^vrra, seven ; lac, milk], C^HjjOj. A substance formed from teracrylic acid by reducing with hydrobromic acid. It melts at 11° C, and boils at 220° C. Heptoses [hep-tos' -ez) [otto, seven]. A division of the glucoses, of the composition C,Hj^O,. They are prepared by reducing the corresponding heptonic acids, C,HjjOg (their lactones) , with sodium amalgam. They have similar propeities to the hexoses, and are not fermented by yeast. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Heracleum [her-ak-le'-um) ['Hpdfc/leiof, Hercules]. A genus of umbelliferous plants, the cow-parsnips. Several species, especially H. lanatum, in North America, and H. tauricum, in Europe, are diuretic and expectorant, and the roots and seeds are recom- mended for use in epilepsy- Unof Herapath's Method. A method for determining the presence ofminute quantities of quinin. For a test-fluid use — Metric. Apoth. Glacial acetic acid 12 c.c. {3.24 f 3). Ninety-five per cent, alcohol, . . . 4 c.c. (1.08 fS). Dilute sulphuric acid, .... 7 drops. A drop of this is put on the slide, and a very minute amount of the quinin-containing substance added. HERAPATHITE 560 HERMAPHRODITE When dissolved, add an extremely minute drop of an alcoholic solution of iodin. The first effect is the production of the yellow, cinnamon-colored compound of iodin and quinin, which forms as a. small circular spot ; the alcohol separates in little drops, which, by a sort of repulsive movement, drive the fluid away ; after a time the acid liquid again flows over the spot, and the polarizing crystals of sulphate of iodoquinin are slowly produced in beautiful rosets. This test suc- ceeds best without the application of heat. Herapathite \her' -ap-ath-W) [from Herapalh, an Eng- lish chemist]. An iodid of quinin-sulphate, occur- ring in rhomboid laminse. It has been used as a remedy in scrofula and in febrile cases ; in micros- copy, it is employed in polarizing light. Herb [erb or herb') \herba, an herb]. An annual, bien- nial or perennial plant, the stem of which contains but little wood and dies down to the ground at the end of the season. H. -doctor. See Herbalist. H. -juice Cure. See Cure. Herbaceous {her-ba' -se-us) \herba, grass]. In biology: I. Applied to stems or other organs that have a tender, juicy consistence and perish at the close of the growing-season. 2. Feeding upon herbs. Herbal (ker'-bal) \herba, grass]. An old name for a book on herbs ; chiefly designating a. book on the medicinal virtues of herbs. YLexhsW-Sf. [her' -bal-ist) \herba,^ss,%\. An herb-doc- tor or simpler ; a so-called botanic physician. Herbarium {her-ba' -re-uni) \herba, grass]. A col- lection of dried plants arranged for study ; a hortus siccus. Herbicarnivorous {her-be-kar-niv' -or-us") \herba, herb- age ; caro, flesh: vorare, to eat]. Omnivorous; living upon both animal and vegetable food. Herbivora (her-biv' -or-ah) \_herba, grass ; vorare, to devour]. A name given to a division of mammalia. Animals that feed on vegetation. Herbivorous [her-biv' -or-us) \herba, grass ; vorare, to devour]. A descriptive term applied to animals that subsist on vegetation. Herbst's Corpuscles. A variety of sensory end-organs found in the mucous membrane of the tongue of the duck; they resemble small Vater's corpuscles, but their lamellse are thinner and closer to each other, while the axis-cylinder within the central core- is bordered on each side by a row of nuclei. Hercogamy [her-kog'-am-e) [ep/cof, a fence ; yA/J.og, marriage]. In biology, the prevention of impregna- tion or fertilization by some structural obstacle ; applied to flowers. Herculeus morbus {her-ku-le'-us mor'-bus) [L.]. Synonym of Epilepsy. Hereditary [he-red' -it-a-re) \heres, an heir] . Acquired by inheritance. H. Disease, one transmitted from parent to offspring. H. Parts. See Determinate. H. Syphilis. See Syphilis. Heredity [he-red' -it-e) [hereditas, heredity]. The principle or fact of the transmission of physical or mental qualities or tendencies from ancestor to offspring. Darwin's Theory of Heredity, or the Hypothesis of Pangenesis, supposes that each of the different cells of the body g\ves,oi{ gemmules [Plastidules of Els- berg) , or germinal particles, that are capable of repro- ducing their kind, and which are included in and consti- tute the generative cells, and thus reproduce all of the peculiarities of the original organism. Weissmann's Theory of the Continuity or " Immortality" of Germ-plasma, is developed from Nussbaum' s proposi- tion that germ- substance is directly abstracted from the developing ovum and preserved, without essential alteration, to become, by giving rise to sexual elements, the germ-substance of another generation, by the corollary that the whole nature of the animal or plant depends upon its germinal substance, and that the resemblance of the offspring to the parent is due to every gonoblast containing some germinal matter. According to Nussbaum and Weissmann the cells of the embryo are separated into two kinds: (i) The germ-cells, which become the sexual elements; {2) The somatic cells or body-cells, used as building-material [Somatoplasm) of the individual. Kolliker and others have demonstrated that no sharp distinction exists be- tween germ-cells and somatic cells, so that speculations based on such assumed difference necessarily fall to the ground. Naegele's Theory of Idioplasm and Nutri- tive Plasma, is a definite theory of germinal continu- ity ; he assumes the formative force to reside in a specific material substratum, /. e. , arfw/Zaj^w— essentially iden- tical with Weissmann's germ-plasma. Minot as- sumes idioplasm to be the nuclear substance, chro- matin, the essential factor in the function of heredity, and the nucleus, therefore, the organ of hereditary transmission. De Vries' Theory of Intracellular Pangenesis, suggests that the nuclear substance of the germ-plasm is composed of minute particles, Pan- genes, not cells, but the bearers of the properties of the cells. There are also in the nucleus Nuclear Rods, called also Idants, and Chromatin Rods, which are built up of a series of ancestral plasms, called Ids, each representing " an individuality." The doubling and multiplication of these idants prior to fertilization is in the interest of variety, or variation of form and character of the subsequent individual. This theory claims the same independence for all constituent parts of the cell-body as Weissmann claimed for those of the nucleus. The entire cell is called the Protoplast, and its various living, independent parts are called Pangenes. The cell is thus likened to a compound organism or colony. Hering's Experiment. A delicate test of stereoscopic vision in which the perception of degrees of depth is tested by means of falling bodies, seen through a long tube. H.'s Theory. See Color-sensation. Hermann's Difference-theory. See Difference. H.'s Theory, a theory as to the causation of muscular con- traction ; he claims that the formation of carbonic anhydrid on contraction is not simply due to oxida- tion, but rather to the decomposition of inogen, with the formation of certain simpler products, of which carbonic anhydrid is one, and sarcolactic acid and myosin the others. Hermaphrodism, or Hermaphroditism [her-maf- ro-dizm, her-maf -ro-dU-i%ni) ['Ep/iWj Mercury; 'AfpoSir^, Venus]. The co-existence in a single in- dividual of completely developed ovaries and testicles, or of at least one of each gland. H., Bilateral, an ovary and a testicle on each side. H., Complex, a rare instance of hermaphrodism in which there are pres- ent both the internal and external organs of either sex. H., Double. Same as //., Complex. H., Lateral, an instance in which male organs (especially a testicle)' are more or less developed on one side, and female organs (especially an ovary) on the opposite side. H., Protandrous, applied to the phenomenon as ex- hibited by most hermaphrodite platode worms, of developing the male sexual products before the female. H., Spurious, doubtful, but not double, sex. H., Transverse, an instance in which the external organs indicate the one sex, and the internal the opposite. H., Unilateral, on one side an ovary and a testicle, on the other an ovary or a testicle. H., Vertical. Same as H. , Complex. Hermaphrodite [her-maf ' -ro-dlt) ['EpiUiyc, Mercury; HERMAPHRODITIC 561 HERNIA 'K^podkri. Venus]. An individual affected with her- maphrodism, q. v. ; usually the condition is due to some congenital malformation of the genital organs, such as epispadias, hypospadias, cleft of the scrotum, etc. , that makes the determination of sex somewhat doubtful. For varieties, see Hermaphrodism. Hermaphroditic [her-ntaf-ro-dit'-ik) ['Ep/i^f , Mercury ; 'AtjipodiTV, Venus]. Pertaining to hermaphroditism, q. V. See also Teratism. Hermaphroditism [her-maf-ro-dlt-izm). Same as Hermaphrodism. Hermetic, Hermetical [her-mef -ik, her-met'-ik-al) ['Bp//i7f, the god Mercury, the reputed founder of al- chemy]. Pertaining to chemistry. Also, having resist- ance to chemic action. Also, protected from exposure to air. H. Medicine, alchemistic or spagyric practice. H. Sealing, the closure of an outlet by cementation or fusion, so that it is impervious to air. Also, the closing or covering of a wound by impervious dress- ings. Hermodactyl (ker-mo-dak'-til) ['Bp/ziyf, Mercury ; SaKTvkoq, finger]. The root or bulb of Colchicum variegatum, or C. autumnale ; also of Iris tuberosa. It was formerly prized in medicine, but is now little used, except in India. Unof. Hernia [her'-ne-ah) [hernia, from ipvoQ, sprout]. A tumor formed by the protrusion of the contents of a cavity (usually the abdominal) through its wall. Her- nias may be called after their locality, Epigastric, Femoral, Inguinal, Perineal, Scrotal, Umbilical, etc. ; according to their condition. Encysted, Reducible, Strangulated, Purulent, etc. ; according to their con- tents. Cerebral, Intestinal, Omental, Vesical, etc. ; or, lastly, according to their origin. Acquired, Con- genital, Infantile, etc. H., Abdominal, a protrusion of a portion of the abdominal viscera through some portion of the parietes. H., Beclard's, a hernia through the saphenous opening. H., Birkett's, a hernia of the synovial membrane of a joint, following laceration of the capsular ligament. H. of the Bladder, the protrusion of a part of the bladder through one of the openings of the abdominal cavity, viz. : the femoral ring, or external adominal ring ; or it may form part of a ventral hernia after celiotomy or injury, or it may take place through an opening in the floor of the pelvis ; the term was also formerly applied to cystocele, q. v. H. of Brain. See Fungus cerebri. H., Bruggiser's. S3.Tae a% H. , Preperitoneal. H., Bursal. Same as 11., Birketf s. H. carnosa. Synonym of Elephantiasis arabum. H., Cecal, a hernia containing the cecum (with or without other parts of the bowel). H. cerebri. See Fungus cerebri. H. , Chronic, an old hernia. H. of Cloquet. ?ite H., Fectineal-crural scaA Diseases, Table of. H., Complete, a hernia in which the sac and its contents have passed the hernial orifice. H., Congenital, a form of indirect inguinal hernia in which the vaginal process of the peritoneum having remained patulous, the bowel descends at once into the scrotum, in direct con- tact with the testicle. See also H. of the Cord. H., Cooper's, a variety of femoral hernia with a diver- ticulum through the superficial fascia. See, also. Dis- eases, Table of. H. of the Cord, a congenital condition resulting from arrest of development of the lateral plates, with persistence of the omphalic duct. If the latter does not wither away, the fetal intestines are drawn out into the cord, giving rise to congenital umbilical hernia. H., Crural. See H., Femoral. H., Cruro-pro- peritoneal, a variety in which an additional sac exists between the peritoneum and abdominal wall, in the cellular tissue of the pelvis, and at the side of the blad- der. H., Cystic. Same as Cystocele, q. v. H., Dia- 36 phragmatic, a protrusion of a portion of some of the ab- dominal viscera into the thorax, through a congenital defect in the diaphragm, or through a dilatation or laceration of one of the natural openings. H., Direct Inguinal. See H., Inguinal, Direct. H., Dorsal. Synonym oi H., Lumbar. H., Encysted (of Cooper) ; this form occurs when the ventral orifice closes, but the tunica vaginalis remains patulous, allowing the hernia to descend within the latter, push- ing before it the thin septum. H., Epigastric, a hernia in the linea alba, between the ensiform cartilage and the umbilicus. H., External, one appearing upon the external surface of the body. H., Femoral, a protrusion of the abdominal contents through the femoral canal, the tumor appearing on the upper inner aspect of the thigh, below Poupart's ligament. H. of the Foramen ovale. See H., Obturator. H. into the Foramen of Winslowr, a lodgment of a portion of intestine in the foramen of Winslow. H., Funicular, a hernia into the umbilical cord. See H. , Infantile. H., Gastric. See Gastrocele. H., Goyrand's or Gourand's. See H., Inguino-interstitial. H., Guttural. Synonym of Goiter. H. of Hesselbach, a femoral hernia with a diverticulum through the cribri- form fascia, the hernia presenting a lobulated appear- ance. See, ^"io. Diseases, Table of. H. of Holthouse. See H,, Inguino- crural. H., Humoral. Synonym of Epididymitis, or Swelled Testicle. H., Incar- cerated, an old irreducible hernia which has become occluded by the accumulation of gas, feces, or un- digested food, thus causing obstruction of the bowels. H., Incomplete, one that has not entirely passed through the hernial orifice. H., Infantile, that form of direct inguinal hernia that occurs when the funicular portion of the vaginal process of peritoneum has remained patulous. H., Infantile (of Hey). See H. , Encysted. H., Hey's. See H. , Encysted. H., Infrapubic. Same as H., Obturator. H., Inguinal, a hernia occupying wholly, or in part, the inguinal canal. H., Inguinal, Direct, a protrusion of the abdominal viscera through the parietes at the site of the external abdominal ring, without hav- ing traversed the inguinal canal. H., Inguinal, External. See H., Inguinal, Indirect. H., Inguinal, Indirect, one in which the protrusion occurs at the internal ring, and passes along the inguinal canal. H., Inguinal, Internal. See H., Inguinal, Direct. H., Inguinal, Oblique. See H., Inguinal, Indirect. H., Inguino-crural, or H. of Holthouse, a variety of suddenly-developed oblique inguinal hernia, in which, owing to the non-descent of the testicle, or to other causes, the hernia protrudes outward along the fold of the groin. H., Inguino-interstitial, an incomplete inguinal hernia. H., Inguino -labial, n. variety of oblique inguinal hernia in the female, corre- sponding to the inguino-scrotal hernia of the male. H., Inguino-properitoneal, or H. of Kronlein, a hernia, with a prolongation of the hernial sac in various, directions, within the abdominal walls. H., Inguino- scrotal, the common form of oblique inguinal hernia in men past middle life. H., Intermuscular. Same as H., Inguino-properitoneal. H., Interparietal.. Same as H., Inguino-properitoneal. H., Inveterate. See H., Chronic. H. of Iris, a prolapse of a portion of the iris after iridectomy, trauma, etc. H., Irreduc- ible ; a hernia is called irreducible when the protruded viscera cannot be returned to the abdomen by manipu- lation, with complete disappearance of the symptoms. H., Ischio-rectal. Sa.rae as H. , Perineal . H., Ischi- atic, a protrusion of the bowel through the great sacro- sciatic foramen. H. -knife, a probe-pointed knife for incising the constriction of a hernial sac. H. of HERNIA 562 HERNIA Kronlein. See H., Inguino-properitoneal. H., Labial, a protrusion of ttie bowel between the vagina and the ramus of the ischium into a labium majus. H. of Laugier, a femoral hernia through Gimbemat's ligament. See, also, Diseases, Table of. H. of Littre, a hernia of the bowel in which only a portion of the lumen is constricted in the hernial orifice. There is not, therefore, complete obstruction. H. of the Liver. See Hepatocele. H., Lumbar, a pro- at which the fascia is deficient. H., Obstructed. See H., Incarcerated. H., Obturator, a protrusion of bowel through the obturator foramen. H., Omental, a hernia containing omentum. This condition is also called Epiplocele, q. v. H. of Ovary, a hernia including ovary, wholly or in part. H., Para- inguinal. Same as H., Properitoneal. H. of Partridge, a femoral hernia, external to the femoral vessels. See, also, Diseases, Table of. H., Pectineal- The pillars open, the cord held up. The pillars sutured, The deep fascia the cord held up. closed over the cord. Radical Operation for Inguinal Hernia. (After Bassini.) An UnstraJigulated Hernia. A Strangulated Hernia. Femoral Hernia. trusion of the intestine through Petit' s triangle — a space bounded by the external oblique and latissimus dorsi muscles and the crest of the ilium. H. of the Lung. See Pneumocele. H., Malgaigne's. Same a.%H., Congenital. H., Mesenteric (of Cooper^ ; the passage of a portion of gut through an opening in the mesentery. H. of Muscles ; occasionally, owing to imperfect healing of the deep fascia after wounds, a limited protrusion of the muscle occurs at the point Oblique Inguinal Hernia. Direct Inguinal Hernia. Bubonocele on right side, but passing through external ring on left. crural, or H. of Cloquet, a variety in which, after pass- ing the femoral ring, the hernia turns within and behind the femoral vessels, resting on the pectineus muscle. H., Perineal, a protrusion of the abdominal contents between the fibers of the levator ani muscle, in front of or to one side of the anus. H., Petit's. Same as H., Lumbar. H., Pharyngeal. See Pharyn- gocele. H., Phrenic. Sa-me Oi H., Diaphragmatic. H., Pleural. See Pleurocele. H., Properitoneal, a hernia occupying a position between the planes of the abdominal wall, in front of the parietal peritoneum. H., Pudendal. Same a.s H. , Labial. H., Reducible, one that may be returned or reduced by manipulation. H., Retroperitoneal ; in this form of hernia the small intestine lodges in the fossa duodeno-jejunalis. H., Sciatic. Same as H., Ischiatic. H., Scrotal, that form of inguinal hernia in which the protrusion has entered the scrotum. H. of the Spleen. See Splenocele. H. of the Stomach. Same as Gastrocek. H., Strangulated ; a hernia is said to be strangulated when it is so tightly constricted at its neck as to inter- fere with its return, with the circulation of blood, and the passage of feces. H., Synovial. See H., Bir- ketfs. H. of Testis, a protrusion of the seminiferous HERNIAL 563 HETERADELPHIA tubules through a fistulous opening following abscess of the testicle. H. of the Tongue. See Glossocele. H. of the Trachea. See Tracheocele. H., Thyroid. See H., Obturator. H., Umbilical, a protrusion of the abdominal contents through the umbilicus. H. of the Uterus. See Hysterocele. H., Vaginal, a protrusion of the abdominal viscera between the uterus and rectum, forming a tumor on the vaginal wall. H.,Velpeau's, a femoral hernia in front of the femoral vessels. H., Ventral, the name applied to protrusions of the abdominal contents through the abdominal walls in situations not usually subject to hernise ; e. g., not at the abdominal rings or the umbilicus. H., Vesical. See H. of the Bladder. Hernial (her'-ne-al) [^*?-»m, a rupture]. Pertaining to hernia. H. Sac, the diverticulum of the peritoneum that accompanies a hernia. Hernio-celiotomy {her' -ne-o-se-le-ot' -o-me) [hernia, a rupture; KO(/l^a, belly]. Abdominal section for the relief of hernia. Hernio-enterotomy (her' -ne-o-en-ter-ot' -o-me) [hernia, a rupture ; evrepov, bowel ; ro/i^, a cutting] . Herni- otomy combined with enterotomy. Hernio-laparotomy (her' -ne-o-lap-ar-ot' -o-me) [hernia, a rupture ; Xairapa, the flank ; To/i^, a cutting] . Same as Hernio-celiotomy. Hemiology (her-ne-oV -o-je) [hernia, hernia ; Aoyof , science]. That department of surgery which treats of the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of hernia. Herniopuncture (her-ne-o-punk' -chur) [hernia, hernia; punctura, a pricking]. The puncture of a hernia. Herniototne (her' -ne-o-tom) [hernia, hernia; To/id^, cutting]. A hernia-knife. Herniotomy (her-ne-of -o-me) [hernia, hernia ; re/iveiv, to cut]. Operation for the relief of hernia by section of the constriction. Heroic (he-ro'-ik) [^puf, a hero]. Bold or daring ; rash or unusually severe; as heroic treatment or measures. Herophilus, Torcular of. See Torcular. Herpes (her'-plz) [ef)7rijg ; epneiv, to creep] . An acute inflammatory affection, characterized by the develop- ment of groups of vesicles on a patch of inflamed skin or mucous membrane. H. catarrhalis, herpetic fever; a form of herpes accompanying the onset or crisis of acute febrile disorders, and frequently fol- lowing a rigor, of which it may be the 6ole sequel. It is most common in spring and autumn. Its forms are ff. facialis and H. progenitalis . H. circinatus. See Tinea circinata. H. circinatus bullosus. See Hy- droa herpetiforme. H. desquamans. See Tinea im- bricata. H.esthiomenos. See Lupus. H. facialis. Herpes labialis ; Herpes febrilis ; Hydroa febrile ; an acute, non-contagious, inflammatory disorder of the skin that appears in the form of one or more groups of vesicles. \\.\?, zormaovXy e!iSS.e&. fever-blisters. Its usual seats are the lips, angles of the mouth, and the face, generally below the forehead. Owing to its relation to digestive derangements the ulcers are often termed "dyspeptic ulcers." H. febrilis. See H. facialis. H. gestationis. See Hydroa herpetiforme. H. iris, a form of erythema in which a vesicle is seated on an erythematous base. It is usually seen on the backs of the hands and feet. H. labialis. See H. facialis. H. miliaris. Synonym of Eczema. H. phlycteno- des, Willan's name for Herpes zoster occurring else- where than on the trunk. H. preputialis. See H. progenitalis. H. ■pvogerala.Ms, Herpes prepu/ialis ; a form of H. simplex, in which vesicles occur upon the glans and prepuce, from the size of n pin's head to that of a small pea. They number from two or three to a dozen. The condition is most common in males. H. pyaemicus. See Impetigo herpetiformis. H. sim- plex. A synonym of H. catarrhalis. H. tonsurans. See Tinea tonsurans. H. tonsurans maculosus. See Pityriasis rosea. H. zoster, Zoster ; Zona ; Shingles ; Ignis sacer ; an acute inflammatory disease of the skin, which consists of grouped vesicles on a reddened base, the lesions being distributed in relation to the course of the cutaneous nerves, and, as a rule, uni- lateral. They are usually seen in the course of the intercostal nerves, but may follow the course of any nerve. The outbreak of the eruption is usually pre- ceded by severe neuralgic pain. The condition occurs most frequently in young people and in the autumn and spring of the year. H. z. ophthalmicus, follow- ing the course of the ophthalmic nerve. Herpetic (her-pef -ik) [epnr/g, herpes]. Pertaining to herpes. H. Bridge. See Bridge, H. Fever. See Herpes catarrhalis. H. Sore-throat. See Tonsil- itis. Herpetic. Herpetiform (her-pef -if-orm) [epiref , herpes ; forma, form]. Having a likeness to Kerpes. Herpetism (her' -pet-izm) [epirvQ, herpes]. The her- petic diathesis ; a constitutional predisposition to her- pes. 'ReTpetogia.'p'hy(her-pet og'-ra-fe) . Same as Herpetology. Herpetoid (her' -pet-oid) [ipTrerdv, a reptile ; eldo(, likeness]. In biology, resembling a reptile. Herpetology (her-pet-ol' -o-je) [epm/?, herpes ; Uyog, treatise]. The science of skin-diseases, especially those of an herpetic nature. Herpetology (her-pet-ol'-o-Je) [ipirsTdv, a reptile; Tiiyeiv, to speak]. The classified knowledge of reptiles. Hertwig's Theory. A theory of immunity founded upon the chemotactic action of certain chemic sub- stances. The fact of cardinal importance in this theory is that negative chemotropism may, under certain con- ditions, become positive. Hesperetinic Acid (hes-per-et-in'-ih). See Acid. Hesperidin (hes-per'-id in) ["Eairepog, Hesperus]. CjjHjgOjj. A glucosid present in the unripe fruit of oranges, lemons, etc. It separates from alcohol in fine needles, and melts at 251° C. Hesperidium (hes-per-id' -e-um) ['EaTrepo;, Hesperus (in allusion to the golden apples of the Hesperides) : pi., Hesperidia']. In biology, an orange-like fruit, having a succulent flesh covered with a leathery rind ; a va- riety of berry. Hesse's Apparatus. An apparatus for air-analysis. Hesselbach's Hernia. See Hernia, and Diseases, Table of. H.'s Triangle. See Triangles, Table of. Hessian Crucible (hesh'-yan kru'-sib-l). A crucible made of fine clay and sand, and used for melting gold, silver, and their alloys in the manufacture of gold and silver plates and solders. H. Purple. See Pig- ments. Conspectus of. H. Violet, and H. Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Hesthogenous (hes-thof -en-us) [ffffl^f , dress, clothing ; ■yovoQ, offspring]. In biology, applied to birds that are hatched with a covering of down ; ptilopedic, opposed to gymnogenous, psilopedic. Heteracanth (het' -er-ak-anth) [erepof, other; axavBa, spine]. In biology, applied to fishes in which the dorsal and anal fin-spines are asymmetric. Heteracephalous (het-er-a-sef'-al-us) [ircpo^, other; KEfaX^, head]. See Heteracephalous. Heteracmy (het-er-ak' -me) [cTepoq, other, different ; aKfiii, prime, maturity] . In biology, applied to plants in which cross-fertilization is secured by the heterochron- ous maturing of the stamens and pistils. Heteradelph (het'-er-ad-elf). See Heteradelphus. Heteradelphia (het-er-ad-el' -fe-ah) [erepof, other; adeX^6g, brother]. Heteradelphous teratism. HETERADELPHOUS 564 HETEROGENESIS Heteradelphous - [het-er-ad-d' -fus) {iTtpo^, other ; a&s^S^, brother]. Relating to an heteradelphus, or to an autosite and its parasite. Heteradelphus i^het-er-ad-el' -fus) [ere/jof , other ; ddcA- ip6q, brother]. A joined twin-monster, consisting of an autosite with an attached parasite, the head of the latter being absent. Heteradenia [liet-sr-ad-e' -ne-ah) \iTcpoq, other ; aSipi, gland]. I. Normal glandular structure occurring in a part normally not provided with glands. 2. Gland- ular structure departing from the normal type. Heteradenic (het-er-ad-e'-nik) [cTcpof, other; aSiiv, gland]. Pertaining to or consisting of tissue that is unlike normal glandular tissue, though essentially glandular. Heteradenoma {het-er-ad-en-o'-maK) {krepo^, other; dtS^v, gland; 6|Ua, tumor: pi., Heteradenomata\. A tumor formed of heteradenic tissue. Heteralius (^f/-i?>--<2'-/f-«.f) [eTEpof, other ; a/luf, adisc]. A double monster in which the parasite is very incom- plete — usually merely a. head — and inserted at a dis- tance from the umbilicus of its host, and with no direct connection with the umbilical cord of the latter. Heterauxesis (het-er-awks-e' -sis) \eTef)oq, other, differ- ent; a()f)7ff(f, increase]. In biology, any unsymmetric growth, normal or abnormal. Heterecious [het-er-e' -se-us) [erepo;, other, different ; oiKof , a house]. In biology, parasitic upon different hosts at different stages of growth. Hetero- {het'-er-o-) [ertpof, other]. A Greek prefix denoting diversity or unlikeness. Hetero-albumose {het'-er-o-al'-bu-rnds). See Albu- moses. Hetero-autoplasty [het'-er-o-aw'-to-plas-te) [erspoc, other; aiirdg, self; irldcaEiv, to form]. Grafting of skin from one person upon the body of another. Heterobiophorid {het-er-o-bi-off'-or-id') \iTtpoi, other, different ; biophore, a bearer of vitality, from ^lo^, life ; ^tpuv, to bear]. In biology, Weismann's name for a primitive organism, the constituent biophores of which have been differentiated, in connection with a division of labor, and combined in various ways to form the body of the organism. See Homeobiophorid. Heteroblastic [het-er-o-blas' -tik) [erepof, other, differ- ent; ^/aiTTiif, germ, bud]. In biology, arising from a different or abnormal source. Heterocarpous (het-er-o-kar' -pus) [eTEpof, other, dif- ferent ; KopTrdf, fruit]. In biology, having more than one sort of fruit. Heterocele [hef -er-o-sll) \iTtpoi, other; Ki^ A??, hernia]. A hernia existing in some prolapsed organ, as in a rectocele. Heterocephalous (het-er-o-sef'-al-us) [irepog, other, different; fce^a/l^, head]. In biology, applied to plants bearing flower-heads of more than one kind, as pistillate and staminate. Het^TOcephalus [het-er-o-sef'-al-us) [erepof, other ; Keoq, other ; Uyo^, rela- tion]. Abnormality in nature, form, or structure ; de- velopment of an abnormal structure. Heterolopia, Heterolopy {het-er-o-lo' -pe-ah, het-er-ol'- o-pe) [ETEpof, other; londg, scale]. The presence of abnormal scales, crusts, or scabs. Heteromastigate (het-er-o-mas'-tig-St) [irepof, other, different ; fiaarig, a whip]. In biology, having more than one kind of flagellum. Heteromerous (het-er-om' -er-us) \tTEpoi, other ; fiipoq, a part]. In biology, having homologous parts di- versely composed. HeteromoTphism (het-er-o-mor' -fizni) [erepof, other ; fopiji^, form]. A condition marked by difference in form, as compared with the normal form. In chem- istry, the property of crystallizing in different forms. In biology : i . A state of deviation from a type or norm. 2. Exhibiting different forms at different stages in the life-history. Heteromorphosis (het-er-o-mor-fo' -sis) \iTs.poq, other ; fi6p^uaig, formation]. Malformation or deformity; any disease characterized by deformity. Heteromorphous (het-er-o-mor' -fus) \iTspoi, other ; pp^, form]. Differing from the normal in form. Heteronephrotrophy (het-er-o-nef-rof -ro-fe) [erepof. other; VE(jip6;, kidney; rpoijii/, nutrition]. Malnu- trition or degeneration of any part of the kidney. Heteronomous [het-er-on'-o-mus) [erepof , other ; vd/Mf , law]. In biology, diversification in any series or set of morphologically related structures through special- ization. Heteronomy (het-er-on'-o-me) [eTEpo(, other; vd/wg, law]. I. Subordination to a law of adaptive modifi- cation. 2. The presence of segmentation. Ci. Auton- omy and Homonomy. Heteronym (het' -er-o-nim) [_eTepog, other; Umijia, name]. An unrelated synonym ; a name in one language that corresponds to the same name in another language, but has no near derivative relationship thereto. Heteronymous (het-er-on' -im-us) [Erepof, other; hvvfia, name]. Not homonymous ; applied to crossed double visual images, such as^ are seen when there is a rela- tive divergence of the eyes. Heteronymy (het-er-on' -im-e) \iTepo(;, other; hvvfia, name]. A system of polyglot nomenclature in which exact synonyms are used in each langus^e to repre- sent corresponding but unrelated words in other lan- guages ; compare paronymy. Hetero-osteoplasty [hef'-er-o-os'-te-o-plas-te') [irepoi, other ; bariov, bone ; vXdaaetv, to form] . The surgi- cal grafting of bone, especially with a graft taken from a bone of one of the lower animals. Heteropagus (het-er-op' -ag-us) \iTzpoi, other ; wr/yvivai, to unite]. A monstrosity with normal head, upper and lower extremities, but with a parasite attached to the anterior abdominal wall. The parasite has a head and extremities. Heteropathic (het-er-o-path'-ih) [erepof , other ; 7ri6o(, disease]. Pertaining to or making use of hetero- pathy. Heteropathy (het-er-op' -ath-e) [eTepof, other; irdBog, affection] . The treatment of a disease by inducing a different morbid condition to neutralize it. Abnormal reaction to stimulus or irritation. Heteropelmous (het-er-o-pel' -mus) [erepof, different ; ■KiXfia, the sole of the foot]. In biology, applied to birds in which each of the flexor'tendons of the sole of the foot splits into two. Heterophagous (het-er-off' -ag-us) [hepo;, other, differ- ent; ij)ayelv,to eat]. In biology, applied to young animals that require to be fed by the parents ; altri- cial. Heterophemism (het-er-off ' -em-izni). See Heterophemy. Heterophemy (het-er-off' -em-e) [erepof, other ; ^pr), utterance]. The utterance of one thing when another is intended ; heterolalia. Heterophonia (het-er-o-fo' -ne-ah) [erepof, other; ^uv^, voice]. Abnormal quality or perversion of the voice. Heterophoralgia (het-er-o-for-ai'-je-ati) [ertpof, other; fopdg, tending ; aAyof, pain]. Eye-strain or ocular pain caused by heterophoria. Heterophoria (het-er-o-fo' -re-aK) [erepof, different ; (popdg, tending]. A tending of the visual lines in some other way than that of parallelism. It may be Ksophoria, a tending of the lines inward ; or Exo- phoria, outward ; or Hyperphoria, a tending of the right or left visual line in a direction above its fellow ; Hyperesophoria, a tending of the visual lines upward and inward ; Hyperexophoria, upward and outward. Heterophoric (het-er-o-fo' -riK) \irepog, other ; fopdg, tending]. Due to heterophoria. Heterophtnongia (het-er-offthong' -t-aK) \irtpog, other ; (pddyyog, sound]. Synonym of Ventriloguism. Heterophyadic (het-er-o-fi-ad' -ik) [erepof, other, dif- ferent ; (pvEddai, to grow]. In biology, characterized by producing two kinds of stems, e. g. , one fertile, the succeeding one sterile. HETEROPHYLLOUS 566 HEXANE H.sleTcyphyUous(/iei-er-off'-il-us)l_ET£po(;,ot\\er, different; fiiMov, leaf]. In biology, producing more than one kind of leaves on the same stem, as mjuniperus sabina, var. procumbens, or having the leaves different in the several species of a genus. Heteroplasia [het-er-o-pla' -ze-ah\ [erepof ; other; irXdacg, shaping], i. Development of abnormal tissue; the presence in a part where it does not normally belong, of tissue that may, or may not, be normal. 2. The gradual removal of the material of an engrafted part, and its replacement by material normal to the part in which it is engrafted. Heteroplasm {hef -er-o-plazni) [erepof , other ; T^Xaajui, something formed]. Heteroplastic material. Heteroplastic (het-er-o-plas' -tik) [erspof, other; TrMfftrHv, to form]. I. Relating to heteroplasia. 2. Differing in structure. Heteroplastid (het-er-o-plas' -tid) [erepof, other; ■KUaatm, to form]. A surgical graft. Heteroplasty [hef -er-o-plas-te) [erepof , other ; vyiaauv, to form]. I and 2. Same as Heteroplasia, q. v. 3. Surgical grafting, especially of parts taken from another species. Heteroprosopus (het-er-o-pro-so' -pus) [erepof , other ; Trpdauwav, face]. A fetus with two faces; janus or janiceps. Heteropsychology (het-er-o-si-kol' -o-je') [crcpof , other ; i^«;fi7, soul ; Uyoq, treatise]. The study or science of psychology, as based upon facts other than those of one's own subjective experiences. Heteropterous [het-er-op' -ter-us) \i.Ttpo^, other, differ- ent; Trnptyv, wing]. In biology, having the wings composed of several distinct parts, as in the bugs. Heterorexia (het-er-o-reks' -e-ah) \iTzpo^, other ; 6pe^ig, desire]. Perversion of the appetite. Heteroscopy (Jiet-er-os' -ko-pe) [erfpof, other ; CKOTrelv, to examine]. Same as Deuteroscopy . Heterosomatous (het-er-o-som'-at-us) [erepdf, other, different; iru/jn, body]. In biology, having the body bilaterally asymmetric, or otherwise varying from a type. Heterosporous (het-er-os' -po-rus) \b:tpog, other, differ- ent ; BTrdpog, seed']. In biology, bearing spores of more than one kind, as inacrospores and microspores. Heterostrophy [het-er-os' -tro-fe") \tTzpoq, other, differ- ent ; (7Tpo^^, a turning] . In biology, areversal in the direction of the twist, as in certain spiral shells. Heterostyled [het'-er-o-stild] [^eTepog, different ; arvTiog, a pillar, style]. See Heterogonous. Heterotaxia [het-er-o-tahs' -e-ah). See Heterotaxis. Heterotaxis (het-er-o-taks' -is) [JTEpof, other ; ra^iQ, or- der]. The anomalous disposition or transposition of internal organs ; a form of malformation occasionally seen in the human species — situs inversus viscerum. The transposition is most commonly seen in the abdo- men. There is no interference with nutrition or func- tion by the abnormal arrangement of the parts. The opposite of Homotaxis. Heterotopia [het-er-o-to' -pe-ah") \jTepog, other ; t&ko^, place]. I. Any misplacement of normal tissue, especially a congenital malformation of the brain, in which masses of gray matter are found transplanted into the white. . This condition is invariably associated with idiocy. 2. The same as Heterochronia. 3. In biology, a mode of acceleration or change during growth, characterized by the transfer of cells from one part of the organism to the other. Heterotopic [het-er-o-top'-ik). See I-Ieterotopous. Heterotopous {het-er-of -o-pus) [ETspoc, other ; Tdvog, place]. Characterized by heterotopia ; misplaced. Heterotopy (het-er-of -o-pe). Same as Heterotopia. Heterotrophia, or Heterotrophy (het-er-o-tro' -fe-ah, ox het-er-of -ro-fe) [erfpof, other ; rpo0i^, sustenance]. Any perversion or disorder of nutrition, local or general. In biology, obtaining nourishment by some abnormal or unusual arrangement. Heterotropia (het-er-o-trop' -e-ah). See Strabismus. Heterotropic (het-er-o-trop' -ik) [krepoQ, other, different ; Tpdwog, a turning]. In biology, applied to plants the different organs of which behave differently under the same form of irritation. Cf Anisotropic. Heterotropous (het-er-of -ro-pus) [Ercpof, different ; rpdiroQ, turning]. In biology, applied to any organ or part which is turned in an unusual direction, as an embryo transverse to the axis of the seed ; amphitro- pous. Heterotypic (het-er-o-tip' -ik) , Heterotypical [het-er-o- tip'-ik-al) [erepof, other; tvtki-.c, pattern]. Applied to a monstrosity consisting of a well-developed fetus from which grows an immature secondary fetus. Heterotypus (het-er-o-ti' -pus) [^srepoc, different ; riinog, a type]. A double monster having the parasitic fetus hanging from the ventral wall of the principal subject. Heteroxanthin (het-er-o-aan'-thin) [erfpof, other; ^avddc, yellow], CgHgN402. A leukomaine isolated from urine in 1884. In composition it is methyl-xan- thin, and it is intermediate between xanthin and para- xanthin or dimethyl-xanthin ; it exists in the urine of man in the same proportion as para-xanthin. It occurs in larger amount in the urine of leukemic patients. It is crystalline, soluble in hot water, insoluble in alcohol and ether. It is thought by Solomon to have its origin in the kidney. Its physiologic action is not yet fully known. Xanthin, heteroxanthin, and para- xanthin form normally an homologous series of xan- thin-bodies in the urine. Heubner's Disease. Syphilitic disease of the cerebral arteries. See Diseases, Table of. Heuchera (hu'-ker-ah) . See Alum-root. Heurteloup (her' -tel-up) [after Baron Heurteloup, the inventor]. An artificial leech or cupping-apparatus. Hewitt's Mixture. A mixture used in treating chlo- rosis. It consists of compound spirit of ether, com- pound tincture of lavender, and aromatic spirit of ammonia, each 2 drams ; water sufficient to make 2 ounces. Of this one dram is given every two or three hours. Hewson's Dressing. An application for wounds, tumors, etc., consisting of dry earth containing about 50 per cent, of clay. H.'s Experiments, experi- ments made to prove that the blood-vessels exert a restraining influence on coagulation. Hexabasic (heks-ah-ba'-sik) [tf , six ; /Jdffic. " base] . Replaceable by six basic atoms. Yieyia.c'Ans^ (heks-ak'-tin-al) [ef , six ; a/cri'f, ray]. In biology, bearing six rays. Hexad [heks'-ad) [Ifaf, six]. In chemistry, an element the atoms of which have six times the saturat- ing power or equivalence of the hydrogen atom. Hexadactylism (heks-ad-alf -til-izm) [ef dc, six ; (5(4kt!)- Aof, a finger]. Having six fingers or toes. Hexagynian [heks-nj-in' -e-an) [If, six ; ywij, female]. In biology, having six pistils or styles. Hexahydric Alcohols (heks-ah-hi' -drik) . See Alco- hol. Hexamerous [heks-am' -er-us) [If, six ; jiMpog, part]. In biology, having six parts, or the parts in sixes. Hexandrous (Jieks-an' -drtis) [If, six; av^p, male]. In biology, having six stamens. It is also called Hexan- drious, Hexandriaii. Hexane [heks'-an) [If <4f , six] , QH,,. The sixth mem- ber of the paraffin series of hydrocarbons. It is a liquid, boiling at about 71° C. , found in various natural oils. HEXAPETALOUS 567 HIGH Hexapetalous [heks-ap-et'-al-us] [ef , six ; ■Kirh'km, a leaf]. In biology, having six petals. Hexaphyllous (heks-af-il'-us) [ef , six ; (j>iMov, leaf]. In biology, having six leaves or leaflets. Hexapod [neks' -ap-od) [tf, six; ffoiif, foot]. In biology, having six feet, as the true insects. Hexapodan (heks-ap' -o-dan). Same as Hexapod. Hexapterous {heks-ap' -ter-us) [e^ , six ; wrepdv, a wing]. In biology, having six wings or wing-like appendages. Hexasteraonous [Aeks-as-iem'-o-nus) [ef , six ; ar^fiav, warp, taken as stamen] . Same as Hexandrous. Hexastichous (heks-as' -tik-us) \i^aoTixoi, of six rows] . In biology, having the parts or organs arranged in six rows. Hexatomic (fieks-at-om' -ik) [efaf, six ; arofioq, an atom]. In chemistry, consisting of six atoms; also applied to atoms that are hexavalent, and to alcohols or other compounds having six replaceable hydrogen atoms. Hexavalent (heks-av' -al-eni) [efiif , six ; valens, having power]. In chemistry, having the same saturating or combining-power as six hydrogen atoms, or a valence of six. Hexicology {heks-ik-ol'-o-je). See Hexiology. Hexiology [heks-e-ol' -o-je) [_e^i.g, habit ; Aoyof , science]. The science of the relations of the organism to its environment. Hexoses [heks-o' -sez) \t^aq, six]. The aldehyd or ketone derivatives of the hexahydric alcohols. They occur frequently in plants, especially in ripe fruits. They are formed by the hydrolytic decomposition of all disaccharids and polysaccharids when they are boiled with dilute acids, or acted upon by ferments. They possess feeble reducing-power. They precipitate cuprous oxid from warm alkaline cupric solutions, one molecule of hexose precipitating about five atoms of copper. This is the basis of the method for the vol- umetric estimation of glucose by means of Fehling's solution. When exposed to Schizomycetes the hexoses readily undergo fermentation. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Hexylamin {heks-W -am-in). See Caproylamin. Hey's Hernia. See Hernia, Encysted. H.'s Liga- ment. See Liga^nent. Hiation (Jii-a' -shtm) \_hiare, to gape]. The act of gap- ing or yawning. Cf. Pandiculation. Hiatus [hi-a'-tus) \hiare, to gape]. A space or open- ing. Also, the vulva. H. aorticus. See Aortic Opening. H. of Fallopius, the shallow groove on the petrous portion of the temporal bone. H. sacralis, a slit-like opening on the posterior surface of the sacrum. It is continuous above with the spinal canal. H. semilunaris, a crescentic furrow upon the outer wall of the middle meatus of the nose. Hibernaculum [hi-ber-nak' -u-luni) [L., a winter resi- dence : pi. ,Hibemacula'] . In biology , an organ fitted to protect dehcate parts during the winter ; a winter bud. Hibernation (hi-ber-na' -shun) {hibernus, winter]. The dormant condition or winter-sleep of certain animals, notably bears, hedgehogs, etc., in which animation is almost suspended. Respiration and circulation are greatly reduced, and nutrition is performed mainly at the expense of the fatty tissues of the animal. Hiccup, or Hiccough \hik'-up) \_hic, a mimic word; ME., cough, a cough]. A spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm causing inspiration, followed by a sudden closure of the glottis. Hickory {hik'-or-e) [an American Indian name]. The bark of shellbark hickory, Hicoria, or Carya alba. ; it is tonic and anti-intermittent, and useful in malarial fevers. Dose of the fld. ext. ^ss-j. Unof. Hicks (Braxton), Method of. In obstetrics a method of performing version. It is the bipolar or combined internal and external method. H., Sign of. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Hidden Seizure. A popular name for various forms of slight or sudden epileptiform attacks. Hide (Jad) [ME., hide, skin]. The skin of an animal. The skins of the ox, cow, buffalo, horse, etc., that are utilized in the manufacture of leather, are especially so termed. If obtained from younger animals of the same kind, they are called kips. H. -bound Disease. See Scleroderma. H. -bound Skin. See Sclero- derma. H.-glue. See Glue. Hidro- (hi'-dro-) [Wpuf, sweat]. A prefix signifying sweat. Hidroa (hid-ro'-ah) \l6paa, sweat-spots ; sudamina]. Sudamina; any dermal lesion associated with or caused by profuse sweating. Hidrocystoma (hid-ro-sis-to' -mah) [Wpua, sudamina ; lAang, a cyst; 5^a, a tumor: pi., Hidrocystomata']. A variety of sudamina appearing on the face, especi- ally in women in middle and advanced life. Hidromancy (hid' -ro-man-se) [irfpiif, sweat; fiavTzia, divination]. The forming of a prognosis from exami- nation of the perspiration. Hidronosus [hid-ron' -o-stcs) [iSp6g, sweat; v6aog, dis- ease]. Any disease oT the sweat-glands. Hidropedesis (hid-ro-ped-e' -sis) [ISpiig, sweat ; 7ri^rf;?(rif , a leaping]. Excessive sweating. Hidroplania [hid-ro-pla' -ne-ah) [l6p&Q, sweat ; n7.avri, a wandering]. Sweating in an unusual portion of the body. Hidropoiesis {liid-ro-poi-e' -sis) \\.&pi>g, sweat ; %oiieiv, to make]. The process of the formation and excre- tion of sweat. Hidropoietic (hid-ro-poi-ef -ik) \XSpisg, sweat ; ■kouuv, to make] . Relating to hidropoiesis ; sudoriparous. Hidrorrhea {hid-ror-e'-ah) [tdptif, sweat ; poia, a flow]. Excessive flow of sweat. Hidrosadenitis [hid-ros-ad-en-i' -tis) [Wpuc, sweat ; a&r[v, gland ; nu;, inflammation] . Inflammation of the sweat-glands. Hidroschesis (hid-ros' -kes-is) [Wpcif , sweat ; ax^'n^, retention]. Retention or suppression of the sweat. Hidrosis (hid-ro' -sis) \\.&pbg, sweat], i. The forma- tion and excretion of sweat. 2. Abnormally profuse sweating. 3. Any skin-disease marked by disorder of the sweat-glands. Hidrotic [hid-rof -ik) [irfpariKiif, producing sweat] . i. Diaphoretic or sudorific. 2. A medicine that causes sweating. Hidrotopathic [hid-ro-to-path' -ik) [Mpiif , sweat ; 'K&dog, disease] . Relating to a morbid state of the perspira- tory function. Hidrotopoiesis (hid-roto-poi-e'-sis) [iSpug, sweat ; iroii- ecv']. Same as Hidropoiesis. Hidrotopoietic ihid-ro-to-poi-et'-ik). %&t Hidropoietic . Hidrozymases (hi-dro-zi-ma' -siz) \lSpi>g, sweat : ^vjiti, ferment]. Sweat-ferments, including amylase, emul- sin, and pepsin. Hiera picra {hi'-er-ah pi'-krah) [L. , sacred bitters] . Pulvis aloes et canellae. See Aloes. Hieracium (hi-er-a' -se-um) \).ep6iKiov, hawk- weed]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs. In the old world, H. murorum and H. pilosella, and in the U. S., H. scabrum and H. venosum are popularly esteemed as useful remedies. They have astringent and pectoral qualities. Unof Hieralgia [hi-er-al' -Je-ah) \iep6v, sacred, sacrum ; oA}'Of, pain]. Pain in the sacrum. High (hi) [ME., high, high]. I. Elevated far above a base. 2. Intensified in physical quality, as temper- HIGHGATE RESIN 568 ature. H. Pelvic Posture. See Postures, Table of. H.-ride Sitting, in massage, sitting astride a iiigli stool or narrow bench in order to fix the pelvis. Highgate Resin {hi' -gat rez'-in) . See Copalin. Hightnore, Antrum of. A cavity in the superior max- illary bone. H.'s Antrum of the Testicle. See Antrum. Highmorianum, Corpus {hi-mor-e-an' -um kor'-pus) [L.]. See Corpus. HUar (hi'-lnr) \_ki'um, a little thing]. In biology, pertaining to the hilum. Hill Diarrhea. Hill colic. A peculiar type of diarrhea prevailing in certain hill-districts of India, marked by pernicious fever, extreme pain, and often speedy death. Hill's Stopping. A preparation consisting principally of bleached gutta-percha, carbonate of lime, and quartz, used for filling teeth. Hilton's Law. See Law. H.'s Line. See Lines, Table of. H.'s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. H.'s Sac, a laryngeal pouch. Hilum {hi'-luni) [hilum, a. little thing: //. , Hila\ In biology : (fl)the point of attachment of an ovule or a seed to its funiculus, or if sessile, to the placenta ; (b') a small pit, scar, recess, or opening in an animal structure, especially the notch on the internal or con- cave border of the kidney. Hlnckes-Bird Method. See Ventilation. Hiad [hind) \WE,.,hiniiere, hinder"]. Pertaining to the rear or posterior extremity. H. -brain, a division of the brain, developing from a funnel-shaped tube in the embryo to an anterior lobe that becomes the cerebel- lum, and a posterior lobe that becomes the medulla oblongata. H.-gut, that part of the embryonic intes- tine from which the extreme aboral part of the large intestine is developed. See Epigaster. H.-head, the occiput. H.-limb, one of the posterior limbs of a quadruped. Hinge-joint {hinf-joint\. See Diarthrosis. Hinoid [hin'-oid") [if-UK.), strength; cWof, form]. In biology, applied to leaves the veins of which are parallel and undivided and set at right angles to the midrib. Hip [ME., /4;)>f,hip]. i. The upper part of the thigh at its junction with the buttocks. 2. The hip-joint. 3. The coxa or first joint of an insect's leg. 4. To sprain the hip. 5. The fruit of the rose. Confection o/'^i^j, confectio rosEecaninae. H.-bath. See^aM. H.-bone, the ischium. H. -girdle, the pelvic arch. H. -joint, the articulation of the femur with the haunch-bone or innominate bone. H. -joint Dis- ease, an arthritis of the hip-joint ; an affection of early life, and according as it begins in the head of the femur, the acetabulum, or in the synovial mem- brane and proper structures of the joint, divided respectively into Femoral, Acetabular, and Arthritic. Its etiology is obscure, its symptoms pain (coxalgia), swelling, and deformity. Coxalgia is incorrectly used as a synonym. Hipling (hip'-ling) [ME., hipe, hip]. In obstetrics, a hip-presentation of the fetus. Hippanthropy {hip-an' -thro-pe) [iTTTrof , horse ; hvBpu- nog, man]. A form of zoanthropy in which the patient believes that he is a horse. Hippiater (hip-e-a' -ter') [iTrTTOf, a horse ; iarpdf , a phy- sician] . A horse-doctor ; a farrier. Hippiatric [hip-e-at' -ric) \\-ktzo<;, a horse ; larpdg, a physician]. Pertaining to veterinary surgery. Hippiatry (hip-i'-at-re) [iTrjrof, horse ; laTpeia, medical art]. Veterinary medicine, in so far as it relates to the horse ; farriery. Hippocamp {Aip'-o-iamp) ['in-Trof, horse; Ka/J-Troi;, a sea-monster]. The hippocampus major. HIRCIN Hippocampal (hip-o-iam'-pal) pKirog, horse; /cd/jTrof, a sea-monster.] Relating to the hippocampus. Hippocampus (hip-o-kam' -pus) [JTrTrof , horse ; Kdfmaq, a sea-monster]. A name applied to two elevations, H., major and H. minor, the former situated in the in- ferior, and the latter in the posterior horn of the ventricles of the brain. When the name Hippocam- pus is used alone, the H. major is meant. Hippocoryza (hip-o-ko-ri'-zah) . Synonym of Equinia. Hippocras {hip'-o-kras)\^mnog, horse ; icp&To;, strength]. An old-fashioned cordial or liquor, made of red wine, sweetened and flavored. Hippocrates' Bandage. See Bandage. Hippocratic (hip-o-krat' -ik) \_Uippocrates , a Greek physician of the fourth century] . Pertaining to Hip- pocrates. H. Expression, an anxious expression of the countenance, described as characteristic of peri- tonitis. H. Face. See Fades. H. Finger. See H. Nail. H. Nail, a peculiar curvation of the nails seen in pulmonary tuberculosis and other lung- dis- eases. They are curved, longitudinally striated, over- lapping the finger like the beak of a parrot. The condition is also called Hippocratic Finger. H. Sound. See Succussion-sound. Hippocratism (hip-ok' -rat-ism) [Hippocrates, a Greek physician]. Hippocrates' doctrine of imitating nature in the treatment of disease. Hippocrepian (hip-o-kre' -pe-an) [jjTTrof , a horse ; npriirig, a boot]. In biology, horse-shoe-shaped ; hippocrepi- form, as a certain deformity of the kidney. Hippocrepiform {hip-o-krep'-if-orm). See Hippocre- Hippolith {hip' -o-lith) [iTTTrof , horse ; XWug, stone]. A calculus or bezoar found in the stomach of the horse. Hippology {hip-ol' -o-ie) [iTTTrof, horse; Uyog, knowl- edge]. The anatomy, pathology, etc., of the horse. Hippomane {hip-om'-an-e) [Imzofiavtg ; l-n-n-og, horse ; fiavia, madness ; the ancients believed that horses were madly fond of a plant called by this name]. A genus of euphorbiaceous trees. H. mancinella and H. spinosa, the manchineal trees of tropical America, are extremely acrid and poisonous, even to the touch. They are used locally in medicine, especially in skin-diseases. Unof. Hippomelanin {hip-o- mel'-an-in) ["/.imor, horse ; jiiXag, black]. A pigment found in melanotic tumors in horses. Hippopathology {hip-o-path-ol' - o-je) [(Trn-of, horse; Trdflof, disease; "kiyog, science]. "The science of the diseases of the horse. Hippophagy {hip-off '-a-je) ['OTTrof, horse ; (payslv, to eat]. The eating of horse-flesh. Hipposteology {hlp-os-te-ol' -o-je) [iirirof , horse ; oarkm, bone; Adyog, science]. The science of osteology as applied to the horse. , Hippotomy {hip-ot'-o-me) ['ivirog, horse ; rofi^, a cut- ting]. The anatomy or dissection of the horse. Hippurate (hip'-u-rat) [iTTTrof, horse; obpm, urine]. Any salt of hippuric acid, q. v. Hippuria {hip-u' -re-ah) [ittttoc, horse ; oJpov, urine]. Excess of hippuric acid in the urine, e. g. , after medi- cation with benzoic acid. Hippuric Acid {hip-u'-rik). See Acid. Hippuris (,^«^-«'-m) [iTTTToupif, horse-tail]. I. A genus of halorageaceous aquatic herbs, common in all cool regions. H. vulgaris is astringent. Unof. 2. The Cauda equina, q. v. Hippus (hip'-us) [iTTTrof, horse, from analogy to the movement of this animal]. Spasmodic pupillary move- ment, independent of the action of light. Hircin {her' -sin). See Acid, Hircic. HIRCINOUS 569 HOARSENESS Hircinous (ker-si'-nus) [hircinus, of a goat]. In biology, having a goat-like odor. Hircismus (her-siz'-mus) [hircus, a goat]. The goat- like odor sometimes emitted by the human axilla. Hircus (A^>-'-i««) [L. , "goat "]. The tragus. Hirschfeld's Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of. Hirsute (her-sttf) [hirsutm, rough, shaggy]. In bio- logy, thickly covered with rough, shaggy hair. Hirsuties {her-su' -te-lz) [hirsutus, shaggy]. Hyper- trichosis ; hypertrichiasis ; polytrichia ; trichauxis ; that condition in which the hairs of the body are in- creased in number or size, or grow in unusual situa- tions, or in normal situations in unusual length or number. H. gestationis, a growth of hair about the chin and lips in women in the course of pregnancy. Hirsutocinereous (her-su-to-sin-e' -re-us) [hirsutus, hairy; cinereous, a^y'\. In biology, having a hairy coat of an ashy-gray color. Hirtellous (her-tel' -us) [hirtus, hairy]. Minutely hir- sute ; stiffly pubescent. Hirudiniculture (ii-ru'-din-e-kul-chur) \hirudo, leech ; cultura, culture] . The artificial breeding and rearing of leeches. TXavAo (hi-ru' -do)\\^. : pL, Hirudines'\. The leech, j^.w. His, Bursa of. A dilatation of the end of the archen- teron described by His in a human embryo. H.'s Granule-cell, a granular cell resembling a leuko- cyte, found in the ovarian stroma. H.'s Tissue, a synonym of Adenoid Tissue. Hispid {his'-pid) \hispidus, bristly]. In biology, bristly. Beset with rigid, spreading hairs or minute spines. Hispidulous (his-pid' -u-lui) \hispidus, hairy]. In botany, minutely hispid ; having short, stiff hairs. Histioid (his'-te-oid). See Histoid. Histochemic (his-to-kem' -iH) [Icrriif, tissue; xqjieia, chemistry]. Relating to histochemistry. Histochemistry {kis-to-iem' -is-tre) [iordg, tissue ; XV/J-^'"', chemistry]. The chemistry of the histologic elements of the body. Histodialysis (his-to-di-al'-is-is) [lardg, web ; diakvoK, a resolution] . The dissolution of organic tissue. Histogenesis [his-io-jen' -es-is) [lardq, web ; yivEaic, generation]. In biology, the process of formation of cells and cell-products. Histogenetic {his-to-jen-ef -ik) [iffTdf, web ; yswav, to produce] . Relating to histogenesis. Histogeny {his-toy-en~e). See Histogenesis. Histography (his-tog'-ra-fe) [itrriif , tissue ; ypa^eiv, to write]. A description or written account of the tissues. Histohematin {his-to-hem' -at-in) [JimSf, web ; al/io, blood]. I. A pigmentary extractive of the suprarenal bodies ; it is found also in various other tissues in the lower animals. 2. One of a class of respiratory pig- ments ; the intrinsic coloring-matters of the organs and tissues of invertebrates. The histohematins are of wide-spread occurrence in the tissues of both verte- brates and invertebrates. The best known is thatfound in muscles, viz., myohematin, q. v. Histoid (his'-toid) [iurdf, web; slSoq, likeness]. Per- taining to tissue derived from the mesoblast, as a his- toid tumor. See Neoplasm. Histokinesis (his-to-kin-e' -sis') [Joriif, tissue ; Kivjimf, movement]. Movement that takes place in the minute structural elements of the body. Histologic, Histological (his-to-loj' -ik ,his-to-loj' -ik-al) [iffriSf, tissue ; /Idyof, science]. Relating to histology. Histologist {kis-tol'-o-jist)\laT6(, tissue ; Ti&yo^, science]. One who is expert in histology. Histology (^ir-Zo/'-o-y^) [iffriif, tissue ; Adyof, science]. The study of the intimate structure of tissues. Histolysis (his-tol' -is-is) [<(Tryia'k6^, flat; ovpa, a tail]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by lines joining the occipital point and the bregma with the highest point of the skull is betwen 147.5° ^"d 163.5°. Homatropin {hom-at'-ro-pin). See Atropin, Homeo- {ho'-me-o-) [8^o(Of, like]. A prefix signifying like or similar. Homeobiophorid [ho-me-o-bi-off' -or-id") [S^ojof, like ; /3iof, life ; (pspsiv, to bear]. In biology, Weismann's name for the lowest and most primitive undifferentiated organism conceivable, having the form of a single biophore, or of a number of similar biophores, in which multiplication and transmission would occur together, no special apparatus being required for the latter pro- cess, as a reproduction by binary fission must result in two corresponding halves, each containing similar biophores, and each of which, simply by the multipli- cation of its units, is able to give rise to a compact organism like the parent. Cf. Heterobiophorid, Homeochronous {ho-me-ok' -ro-nus) [oyuowf, like, simi- lar; ;t'p(ivof, time]. In biology, true ontogenetic sequence ; appearance in proper order in time ; applied to animals, organs, or hereditary traits. H. Heredity, pertaining to the appearance of an organ, trait, ten- dency or function, whether psychologic, physiologic, or pathologic, at a similar time of life in a series of descendants. Homeodont [ho'-me-o-dont) [8|U0i0f , like ; 6(5(jt)f, tooth]. In biology, applied to teeth that are simple cones. Homeokinesis {ho-me-o-kin-e' -sis) [3/iOiOf , like ; Kivelv, to move]. In biology, Weismann's term for that kind of nuclear division in which the two daughter-nuclei contain similar idioplasm ; i. e. nuclear division de- pending upon a perfectly uniform distribution of the primary constituent and resulting in parts containing similar hereditary tendencies. Cf. Heterokinesis. Homeomerous {ho-me-om' -er-us) \hfioioQ, like ; fitpof, part] . In biology, having given organs or parts dis- tributed uniformly throughout. Homeomorphous (ho-me-o-mor' -fus^ [8/ioiof, like ; fiopfii, form]. Like or similar in form and structure. Homeopathic (ho-me-o-path' -ik) [^b/ioios, like ; irdBoQ, feeling]. Relating to homeopathy. Homeopathist {ho-me-op' -ath-ist) [o/xo«of, like ; nados, feeling]. A practitioner of homeopathy. Homeopathy [ho-me-op' -ath-e) \hfmiO(;, like ; irdflof , ailment or disease]. A system of treatment of dis- ease by the use of agents that, administered in health, "would produce symptoms similar to those morbid conditions for the relief of which the agent or medi- cine is given." The hypothesis expressed by the adage, " similia similibus curantur." See Hegular and Allopathy. Homeoplasia (ho-me-o-pla' -ze-aK) \hpjovo^, like ; 7r/ld(TCTE(v, to shape]. The growth of tissue resem- bling the normal tissue, or matrix, in its form and properties ; also the tissue so formed. Homeoplastic [ho-me-o-plas' -tik) \ofmio^, like; TT/lduaEW, to form]. Pertaining to a neoplasm re- sembling its matrix-tissue in texture. One differing widely in this respect is heteroplastic. If separated in position, it is said to be heterotopic ; in date, heterochronic. Homeoplasty (hof -me-o-plas-te) . See Homeoplasia. Homeosis, or Homoiosis [ho-me-o' -sis , or ho-moi-o'- sis) [^o/ioiuaic; ; bfioioQ, like]. The assimilation of nutrient material. Homeo-therapeutics {ho-me-o-ther-ap-u' -tiks) , [S/zoiof, like; Bnpaxeiieiv, to serve]. The homeopathic doc- trine of therapeutics. Homeothermal, or Homoiothermal (ho-me-o-ther' - mal, ho-moi-o-ther' -mal) [S/iOioc, like ; Sep/i^, heat]. Pertaining to animals that are' " warm-blooded," or that maintain a uniform temperature despite variations in the surrounding temperature. Homeozoic {ho-me-o-zo' -ik) \hp.om^, the same, similar ; ftj^, life]. In biology, applied to geographic areas, zones, or belts, having similar forms of life. Homesickness (horn' -sik-nes). Nostalgia. An urgent desire to return to one's home. It may be accom- panied by a morbid sluggishness of the functions of the various organs of the body, and may develop into profound melancholy. Homicidal [hom-is-i'-dal) [homo, a man; ccedere, to kill]. Pertaining to homicide. H. Mania, insanity characterized by murderous impulses. Homicide {horn' -is-ld) [homo, a man ; cadere, to kill]. The killing of a human being without malice or in- tent, as distinguished from murder or manslaughter. HOMICULTURE 573 HOMOLOGOUS Also, the taking of human hfe in general by another. Also, one who takes the life of another. Homiculture (ho' -mik-ul-chur) \homo, man ; culiura, culture]. The proposed improvement of the human species by attention to the laws of breeding • stirpi- culture. Hominisection {ho-min-is-ek' -shun) [homo, hominis, man; sectio, a cutting]. Dissection of the human body ; anthropotomy. Homo (ho'-mo) [L.]. Man. The sole genus of the order Bimana. Homoblastic (ho-mo-blas'-tik) [i/iiif , the same; pXaarSc, a bud, germ]. In biology, derived from like germs or cells. Homocarpous (ho-mo-kar' -pus) \ofi^^, the same; Kap7r6(, fruit]. In biology, bearing fruits all of one kind. Homocentric (ho-ma-sen'-trik) \bii6(, same; Kivrpov, center]. Concentric. Having the same center. H. Rays, a. pencil of light-rays either cone-shaped or rod-shaped. Homocerc (ho' -mo-serk) [ii.6g, the same ; bS6v(, tooth]. In biology, having the teeth alike through- out. Homodromous (ho-mod' -ro-mus) \J>iL6q, the same ; 6p6jj.ng, a course]. In biology, applied to plants in which the spiral arrangement of the leaves on the stem and branches is alike throughout. Homodynamy (ho-mo-di' -nam-e) [i^fif, the same; Svvafiiq, power]. In biology, serial homology ; ap- plied to homologous parts (somites or metameres) arranged along the long axis of the body. Homceo- (ho'-me-o-). For words thus beginning, see I/omeo-. Homogamous [ho-mog'-am-us) [1>ii6q, the same ; ydpog, marriage] . In biology, having all the florets of the inflorescence alike in sex. Homogamy (ho-mog' -am-e) \pji6q, same ; yi/iog, mar- riage]. I. Romanes' term for that method of evolu- tion by physiologic selection of those varieties, the in- dividuals of which are fertile among themselves, but less fertile or sterile with other varieties and with the parent-stock. It is called also Segregate Fecundityhy Gulick. See Evolution. 2. In biology, applied to hermaphrodite flowers that mature their stigmas and anthers at the same time. Homogen [ho'-mo-jen) [budg, the same ; ytvoQ, race]. In biology: I. Derived from the same or similar parents ; having a common ancestor. 2. One of two organs or organisms having a common ancestor or an- cestral part. H., Ancestral, i. e. , homogenetic homo- logues that do not arise similarly, though probably descended from common ancestral parts, e. g., the legs of flies of diverse development. H., Developmen- tal, i. e., homogenetic homologues that arise similarly, whether descending from the same ancestral part or not, e.g., some of the cranial bones of a Teleostean and of a mammal. Homogeneity (ho-mo-jen-e' -it-e") \pfiil)i, like ; yivog, a kind]. The condition of being homogeneous. Homogeneous (ho-mo-je' -ne-us) [6/idf , like ; ytvog, kind]. Having the same nature or qualities. Sim- ilar or identical in structure. H. Immersion. See Immersion, H. Triplets. See Homogeneous Twins. H. Tvirins, in embryology, when the cleavage-force is exerted to its fullest effect, the entire embryonal trace is completely divided ; each resulting part may be capable of independent development, whereby two fetuses are produced remarkable for their great simi- larity ; such offspring are known as homogeneous twins. They are always of the same sex and possess almost perfect identity of physical characteristics. So also may a secondary fission of one of the halves take place, as an extremely rare occurrence, homogeneous triplets resulting from such twofold division of the original area. Such fetuses usually lie within a single chorion, enclosed by a separate or a common amni- otic sac, the increased pressure arising from the unusual contents of the limited uterine cavity favoring absorption and disappearance of the amniotic parti- tions. Homogenesis [ho-mo-jen' -es-is) [bjibq, like ; yevvav, to beget] . Univocal generation ; reproduction in which a living parent gives rise to offspring that pass through the same cycle of changes as itself. Homogenization (ho-mo-jen-iz-a'-shun) [6/i(if, the same; yewav, to produce]. The act or process of rendering or of becoming homogeneous ; reduction to a common standard ; the process of rendering the objects of microscopic study transparent and fixed. Homogenous [ho-mof -en-us) [diidg, the same ; yho(, race]. In biology, applied to structures that are genetically related, in so far as they have a single representation in a common ancestor. Homogentisic Acid (hom-o-jen-tiz'-ik). See Acid. Homogeny (ho-mof -en-e) \bmyzv7ig, of the same race or family]. In biology, an agreement among organisms depending on the inheritance of a common part or having a common ancestor. See Homogenesis. Homogenous (ho-mog' -on-us) \J>p.6g, similar ; ybvog, offspring] . In biology, having the stamens and pistils alike in all the flowers of the species ; homostyled. Cf. Heterogonous. Homoio- (ho'-moi-o-) . For words thus beginning, see Homeo-. Homoiosis (ho-moi-o'-sis). See Homeosis. Homologize [ho-mol'-o-jlz) {l>p.6g, the same ; %eyuv, to speak]. In biology: i. To recognize as homologous ; 2. To exhibit homology ; to correspond in structure. Homologous (ho-mol' -o-gus) [)ikz, same ; 6ji6^, the same ; ■Klaafia, a thing moulded]. In biology, homoplastic or homomorphic, i. e. , showing mimetic resemblances. Homoplast {ho' -mo-plasi) ^ojiiq, the same ; Tr/laffrdf , formed, moulded]. In biology; I. One of any aggregate or fusion of plastids. 2. An organ or part showing mere superficial or mimetic resemblance to another. Homoplastic {ho-mo-plas' -Hk) [ji(tz, same ; riivof, tone, tension] . Having a uniform or even course ; ap- plied to diseases. Homotopia (ho-mo-to' -pe-ah) . See Homotopy. Homotopy [ho-mof -o-pe) \hfibi, the same; rdtroQ, place]. In biology, the usual or normal mode of acceleration or change of parts during growth, characterized by the exact or modified repetition or multiplication of cells or segments already present; also called repetition. Autonym of Heterotopy. Uomotiopai [Ao-mot'-ro-pal). Same a& Homotropous. Homotrophe (ho' -mo-trof) \iifi&^, the same; Tpoi^iti, nourishment]. In biology, one of two or more homologous parts or organs the structural correspond- ences of which are due to corresponding internal, modifying conditions, rather than to external environ- ment. I. Serial Hotnotrophes, i. e., homotrophic homologues, the correspondence between which is antero-posterior, °° starch ; soluble carbohydrates, 87.20 ; albuminoids, 6.71 ; ash, 1.28. Hormion {hor' -me-on) \l>pidi, the first]. See Cranio- metric Points. Hormogone, Honnogon {hor' -mo-gon). SameasZTo;-- mogonium. Hormogonium Uior-mo-go'-ne-um) [8p/«)f, a cord, chain; y6voz,o^s,Ynxi%: pi., Hormogoma\. In biol- ogy, a short, monilifonn reproductive body, found in the Nostocs. Horn [ME., horn, horn]. The hard projection, used as a defensive weapon, growing on the heads of cer- tain animals. Horns may be permanent, as in the ox ; or deciduous, as in the deer. Also, the hardened epithelial substance of which the horn is composed. H., Cutaneous. See Comu cutaneum. H.-blende, a common mineral, occurring massive or in prismatic crystals, of various colors, from white, through green shades, to bla.ck. It is a silicate of lime, magnesia, or iron. It is sometimes used in the manufacture of porcelain teeth for shading the body or enamel. H.- distemper, a disease of cattle affecting the core of the horn. H.-pock. See Warty Smallpox. H.-pox, a variety of varicella in which the lesions resemble papules. See also Warty Smallpox. Horner's Mixture. See Red Mixture. H.'s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Horny (hom'-e) [ME., horn, horn]. Composed of, or resembling, horn. H. Band of Tarinus, a band of white fibers running between the optic thalamus and the corpus striatum. See Band. H. Epithelium. See Trachoma. Horologic [hor-o-loj'-ik) [iipoT^og, lit., telling the hour]. In biology, applied to such flowers as open or shut at certain hours. Horological {hor-o-loj' -ik-al). Same as Horologic. }ioio'piei [hor-op'-ter] [8pof, boundary ; bnrf/p,' an ob- server]. The sum of all the points seen singly by the two retinae while the fixation-point remains stationary. " A circle passing through the center of rotation of each eye and through the apex of the point of fixation of the visual lines." (Mueller.) , "A line representing the curve along which both eyes can join in sight." {Noyes.) Horopteric {hor-op-ter' -iU) [iSpof, boundary ; bmi^p, observer]. Pertaining to an horopter. Horrida cutis {hor'-id-ah ku'-tis) [L.]. Goose-skin. Cutis anserina. Horripilation [hor-ip-il-a' -shun) \horrere, to stand on end ; pUus, the hair]. A sensation as if the hairs of the skin were stiff and erect. Horripilator [hor-ip-il-a' -tor). Same as Arrector pili. Horrors (hor' -on) \horror, a shaking, terror]. A popular name for Delirium tremens, q. v. Horse (hors) [ME., hors, a horse]. A member of the genus Equus ; a domestic beast of burden. H.- chestnut. See ^sculus hippocastanum. H.- chestnut bark, the bark of the horse-chestnut [Mscu- lus hippocastanum), said to be used in leather-manu- factures for the production of an extract under the simple name of chestnut extract. H. -distemper, influenza. H.-doctor, a farrier; a veterinary surgeon. H. -drench, a dose of physic for a horse. H.-foot. See Talipes equinus. H. -leech, a large leech, the Haemopis of Southern Europe and Northern Africa ; also a horse-doctor. H. -power. See Unit. H.-pox. 1. A pustular disease of horses, which, communicated to cows, produces cow-pox. It is also called pustular grease. 2. See Coitus Disease. H. -radish, the fresh root of Cochlearia armoracia, with properties due to a volatile oil. It is stimulant, diuretic, and externally a rubefacient, and is much used as a condiment. Dose of the fid. ext. 3J-ij. Armoraciae, Spt., Comp. (B.P.). Dose gj-ij. H.-shoe Fistula, a name ap- plied to a fistulous track surrounding the rectum in a semicircle, either in front or behind. H.-shoe Hy- men. See Hymen. H.-shoe Kidney, the union of the lower ends of the two kidneys, so that they appear to form a single organ of a form somewhat like that of a horse-shoe. H. -sickness. See Anthrax. H.-tail. See Equisetum. H.-weed. See Collinsonia cana- densis. Horsikin (hor' -sik-in) [ME., hors, a horse]. A model used in teaching the anatomy and surgery of the horse. Horsley's Method. A method of determining the position of the fissure of Rolando. It is carried out by means of an instrument made to encircle the head, and having an arm fixed at an angle of 67°, which indicates the position of the fissure. H.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. Horst's Eye-water. Collyrium adstringens luteum. An eye-solution prepared as follows ; Take of ammonium chlorid, 50 centigrams, and zinc sulphate, 125 centigrams, dissolve in 200 grams of distilled water, and add a solution of 40 centigrams of camphor in 20 grams of dilute alcohol, and lo centigrams of saffron. Digest for 24 hours with frequent agitation, and filter. Hospital (hos' -pit-al) \hospitale, a large house]. A building for the care and treatment of sick or infirm people. H. Fever, a feverish condition formerly common in hospitals, due to ill-ventilation and un- sanitary conditions. Also, the fever symptomatic of gangrene. Also, a synonym of Typhus Fever. See Fever. H. Gangrene, a contagious, phagedenic gangrene occasionally attacking wounds or open sores. It is confined mainly to military hospitals, and is of microbic origin. Hospitalism (hos' -pit-al-izm) \hospitale, a large house]. The morbific influence arising from the gathering of diseased persons in a hospital, a condition that seems to have a tendency to produce septic diseases. Hospitalization (hos-pit-al-iz-a' -shun) \liospitale, a large house]. Confinement in a hospital for treat- ment. Hospitalomania (hos-pit-al-o-ma'-ne-ah ) \hospitale, a large house ; fiavia, madness]. A mania for founding or visiting hospitals. Host (host) \hostis, a stranger, a landlord]. The or- ganic body upon which parasites live. Hot [ME., hot, hot]. Having or yielding the sensa- tion of heat; stimulating; biting. H.-air Bath, See Bath. H.Bath. See Bath. H. -blanket Pack, a rubber sheet and on? or two woolen blankets are placed upon the bed. A heavy woolen blanket is wrung out of water at 1 10° F. , spread upon the dry blanket, the patient placed upon it and wrapped with it like a mummy. The dry blankets and rubber sheet are wrapped over this, and the patient is allowed to remain in this pack from half an hour to two hours. It is useful in suppression of urine. Hot-box, Jap- anese, a device for applying dry heat to a part. H. Drops, the Tinctura capsici et rhyrrhce, N. F. ; they are useful in many painful conditions of the stomach and bowels, when there is no inflammation or organic disease; it is called also '' number six." H. Eye, Hutchinson's term for a persistent hyperemia of the conjunctiva seen in gout. H. -spots. See Tempera- ture-sense. H. Wet-pack, instead of wringing the linen sheet out of cold water, as in the Wet-pack, it HOTTENTOT APRON 576 HUMMING-TOP MURMUR is dipped into water at llo° F. , well wrung out and spread upon the blanket, as in the cold-pack. The patient is wrapped in this and allowed to remain for an hour. Then he is removed to the side of the bed upon which he is to lie, lightly rubbed over with a rough wash-rag dipped into water at 65° F. , squeezed out' by the hand, quickly dried and left alone. This method is useful only in obstinate insomnia. H.-virind Stroke, a form of heat-fever, not unlike sunstroke, but caused by hot winds, and far more fatal than sun- stroke ; it is common in India. Hottentot Apron (hot'-n-tot). See Velamen vuIvcb. H. Deformity. See Steatopygia. Hottentotism (hof-n-iot-izm). An extreme form of stammering, sometimes congenital, and often due to or associated with deformity of the vocal organs. Hough (huf) [AS., hoh, the hough]. The lower part of the thigh. Hound's Tongue [howndz tung). The leaves and root of Cynoglossum officinale, an anodyne,' demulcent, and astringent. Dose of the fid. ext. gss-j. Unof. Hour-glass Contraction. See Uterus. House [hoivs) [ME., hous, a house]. In biology, a cuticular secretion, representing the cellulose coat of higher ascidians, in which the lowest Tunicafa, as xe^irssenteAhy Appendicularia , shelter themselves. H.- maid's Knee. See Abscess, Bursal. H. -physician, the resident physician in a hospital. H. -refuse, the ashes, dust, food-scraps, both animal and vegetable, waste-paper, and other waste material from a house- hold, and which does not enter the drains. H. -sur- geon, the resident surgeon in a hospital. Houston' s Folds, or Valves. Three folds of mucous membrane within the rectum. They are directed obliquely. H.'s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Hove, Hoven (hov, ho'-ven). See Hoove and Blown. Hovius, Canals of. See Canal. H., Plexus of. See Plexuses, Table of. Howard's Method. See Artificial Respiration. Howship's Lacunae, or Pits. Certain deep or shallow depressions, sometimes simple, and at times quite complex, occurring in bones undergoing absorption, at the edges of the bone bordering on vascular surfaces, and seen on making a microscopic examination. These lacunae are usually filled or lined by larger and smaller granular, frequently multinuclear cells — the so- called osteoclasts. Hoyer's Alcoholic Carmin. See Stains, Table of. H.'s Carmin. See Stains, Table of. H.'s Solution. See Stains, Table of Huanokin {whah' -no-kin) [from Huanuco, a place- name]. An alkaloid from Cinchona nitida, said to be strongly febrifugal. Unof Hubbell's Wheat Food. A variety of farinaceous food for infants, with the following composition : Water, 7.78 ; fat, 0.41 ; grape-sugar, 7.56 ; cane-sugar, 4.87; starch, 67.60; solCible carbohydrates, 14. 29 ; albuminoids, 10.13; ^sh, l.o; gum, cellulose, etc. , undetermined. Huchard's Diet. See Treatment, Methods of. Huckle-bone [huk'-l-bon) [ME., huccle-bone, the as- tragalus]. The Astragalus, y. w. Hudson's Apparatus. An apparatus to support the fingers and hands in the treatment of wrist-drop. Hueter's Bandage. See Bandage. H.'s Method, a method of inducing premature labor. It consists in applying a bladder filled with water or decoction of ergot to the neck of the womb. Hijfner's Method. A method of obtaining glycocholic acid. A little HCl is added to fresh bile, the mixture shaken, and the mucinoid material so precipitated is fil- tered off. Ethyl ether and HCl are added to the filtrate ; the proportions of the filtrate, acid, and ether are respectively 100, 5, and 30. The mixture is shaken and allowed to remain some hours, when crys- tals form, which are then collected on a filter, washed with water holding HCl and ether in solution, and dried in the air. By recrystallization the crystals are obtained perfectly colorless. Hufeland's Cerate. A preparation used in treating sore nipples. It consists of zinc oxid and lycopodium each 2 parts, simple cerate 30 parts. Hughes Bennett's Diuretic. A diuretic mixture em- ployed in chronic nephritis, composed of pulverized potassium acetate, 2 drams ; sweet spirit of niter, half an ounce ; water sufficient to make two ounces ; one dram of this is given three times daily. Huguier's Canal. See Canal. H.'s Disease. See Diseases, Table of. H.'s Glands, two small glands opening into the vagina. Huingan (whin'-gan) [S. Amer.]. The seed of a plant [Duvarra dependens) native to the Andes. The infusion is used in urinary affections. Unof. Human [hu'-man) \humanus, human] . Pertaining to or characteristic of man. H. Dolphin, a monster with complete union of the lower limbs. H. Milk, mother's milk. It derives its origin from an over- growth of epithelial cells lining the lactiferous ducts, with infiltration with fat, and subsequent rupture. Its specific gravity is 1024-35, its reaction alkaline. Each minute fat-globule is surrounded by a pellicle of serum-albumin. The chemical composition of human milk is as follows : — ■ Meigs. Vogel. Gautrelet. Water 87.163 89.5 88.1 Fat 4.283 3.5 4.0 Casein 1.046 2 o 2.2 Sugar, 7.407 4.8 5.2 Ash, . . . . o.iGi 0.17 0.5 Humation [hu-ma' -shun) \fiumare, to inter]. Inter- ment ; inhumation. Humboldt Blue. Same as Spirit-blue. Hume's Test. See Tests, Table of. Humectant [hu-mek' -tant) \h.uviectare , to make moist]. I . Moistening ; like a poultice ; diluent. 2 . A diluent ; a substance used to moisten. Humeral [hu^-mer-al) \_humerus, the shoulder]. Per- taining to the humerus. Humeren [hu'-mer-en) [humerus, the shoulder]. Be- longing to the humerus in itself Humero- [hu'-mer-o-) [^mw«^?'«j, the shoulder]. A pre- fix signifying relationship with the shoulder. H.- cubital, relating to the humerus and the ulna. H.-c. Amputation, amputation at the elbow-joint. H.- radial, relating to the humerus and the radius. H.- scapular, relating to the humerus and the scapula. H.-s. Amputation, amputation at the shoulder-joint. H. -ulnar, relating to the humerus and the ulna. H.-u. Amputation, amputation at the elbow-joint. Humerus [hu' -mer-us) [L.]. The bone of the upper arm. Also, the shoulder. Humid [hu'-mid) \_humidus, moist]. Moist; damp. H. Tetter. See Eczema. Havaidity (hu-mid'-it-e) [humor, moistvixe']. The state or quality of being moist. H., Absolute, the actual amount of water .present in the air. at any moment, regardless of saturation. H., Relative, the relative amount of water present in air which is not saturated, as compared to what the air should contain at the ex- isting temperature were its condition that of saturation. Humifuse [hu' -mif-Us) [humus, the ground; fundere, to pour]. In biology, spread over the surface of the ground. Humming-top Murmur or Sound. See Bruit de diable. HUMOR 577 HYALOID Humor [hu'-mor or u'-mor) [L.]. Any fluid or semi- fluid part of the body. H., Aqueous, the trans- parent fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye. H., Crystalline. See Lens, Crystalline. H.,*Vitre- ous, the transparent gelatin-like substance filling the posterior chamber of the eye. Humoral (hu' -mor-al\ \humor, moisture]. Pertain- ing to the natural fluids of the body. H. Pathol- ogy) an obsolete theory that all diseases result from a disordered or abnormal condition of the fluids or humors of the body. Humoralism (hu' -mor-al-izni), or Humorism (hu'- mor-izm) . Same as Huvtoral Pathology. Humoralist [hu' -mor-al-ist) \humor, moisture]. The name given to one who was an advocate of the supreme importance of the blood in the processes of health and disease. Humoro-vitalism (hu' -mo-ro-vi' -tal-izni) [humor, moisture ; vita, life]. The obsolete belief that the fluids of the body are the seat of life. Humpback (hump'-bak). See Kyphosis. Humulin (hu' -mu-lin) \humulus, hop], i. The same as Lupulin. 2. A concentrated preparation from the tincture and decoction of hops. Unof. H\i.va.\iX\is(hu'-mu-lus')\\j.: gen,.,Huniuli\. Hop. The strobiles of //. lupulus. It contains various principles, hopein and lupulin being the most important. It is a bit- ter stomachic tonic and feeble hypnotic, increasing the cardiac action. A poultice of hops is a favorite remedy for painful conditions and in inflammations. H., In- fusum, unof., gss-Oj. Dose Jj-iv. H., Tinct., 20 per cent, in strength. Dose gj-ij. Lupulinum, the glandular powder. Dose gr. v-xv. L., Ext. (B.P.) Dose gr. v-x. L., Fid. Ext., alcoholic. Dose tl\,x- 3J. L., Oleoresina, ethereal. Dose gr. ij-v. L., Tinct., unof., strength 12^ per cent. Dose gss-ij. Humus (hu'-mus) [L., the earth, ground, soil]. Vege- table mold. It contains ulmin and ulmic acid, humin and huraic acid. H. Pigments, certain pigmentary bodies of a more or less dark-brown color, produced when carbohydrates are treated with acids or alkalies. When urine is treated with acids in the presence of oxy- gen, it becomes darker from the formation of some of these humus-pigmented substances by the action of the acids on the carbohydrates. Hunchback (hunch' -hak ) . See Kyphosis. Hungarian (hung-ga' -re-ari) \_Hungaria, Hungary]. Pertaining to Hungary. H. Balsam, or H. Tur- pentine, a thin turpentine from the branches of Pinus pumilio. H. Disease. Synonym of Typhus Fever. Hungary Blue. Same as Cobalt-blue. Hunger (hung'-ger) [WE., hunger, hunger]. A con- dition marked by a sensation of emptiness of the stomach, with intense desire for food. H.-cure. See Nestiatria. H.-pest. Synonym of Relapsing Fever, q. V. H. -typhus. Synonym of Relapsing Fever, q. v. Hunter, Canal of. See Canal. H.'s Line. See Lines, Table of. H.'s Method, a method of treating aneur- ysm by ligating the artery on the proximal side of the sac. Hunterian Chancre. See Chancre. Huntingdon's Chorea. Hereditary Chorea. An affec- tion characterized by irregular movements, disturbance of speech, and gradual dementia. It is frequently hereditary, is associated with psychic troubles, and occurs between the thirtieth and fortieth years. The disease has no connection with Sydenham's Chorea. See Chorea, Hereditary, and Diseases, Table of. Huntsman's Cup. See Trumpet Plant. Hunyadi Janos [hun-yah'-de) [from the name of the Hungarian national hero, otherwise called John Cor- 37 vinus'\. An aperient mineral water from Buda-Pesth, in Hungary. It is an effective laxative or cathartic. It should be taken in the quantity of from a half to one wineglassful, fasting. Hura (hu'-rah) [S. Amer.]. A genus of poisonous euphorbiaceous trees of tropical America. H. bra- siliensis, H. crepitans, and H. strepens, are the best-known species. They have the general acrid, pustulant, and cathartic properties of nearly all euphorbiaceous plants. Unof. Huschke, Auditory Teeth of. Nipple-like projections along the free border of the labium vestibulare of the ear. H., Canal of. See Canal. H., Foramen of. See Foramen. H., Valve of, the fold of mucous membrane at the point where the common canal formed by the junction of the canaliculi enters the lachrymal sac. Husky (hus'-ke) [E. dial., hasky, rough, dry]. Harsh, rough, as the voice. Hutchinson's Lotion. A lotion used in the treatment of eczema. It has the following composition : Liquor plumbi subacetatis, ^ ounce ; liquor carbonis deter- gentis, 2^ ounces. Of this one teaspoonful is mixed with a pint of water, and used as a lotion. H.'s Patch. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. H.'s Teeth, a notched or furrowed condition of the free edges of the permanent teeth, especially the central incisors of the upper jaw, due to inherited syphilis. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. H.'s Treat- ment. See Treatment, Methods of. H.'s Trio of Symptoms. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Huttoning (hicf -on-ing^ \^{\.ex Hutton, the inventor]. A method of manipulating a luxated joint, introduced by one Hutton, a bone-setter. Huxham's Tincture. See Cinchona. Huxley's Angle. See Angle. H.'s Layer, Mem- brane, or Sheath, a layer of nucleated, elongated, polygonal cells lying within Henle's layer of the inner root-sheath of hairs. H. Law. See Law. Huygenian Ocular (hi-je' -ne-an) . See Ocular. Huygens, Theory of. The undulatory theory of light. Hyalin (hi'-al-in) \ya.%og, glass]. A translucent sub- stance, called also canalized fibrin, that sometimes occurs in miliary tubercle. Also, the membrane or sac forming the walls of hydatid cysts. Also, a substance found in echinoderms and other invertebrates. Its centesimal formula is, C=45.3 to 44- 1 i H = 6.S to 6.7; N = 5. 2 to 4.5; = 43 to 44.7. Hyaline (hi'-al-in) \yakoq, glass]. Resembling glass in transparency. H. Cartilage. See Cartilage. H. Cast, or Cylinder, a clear, nearly transparent urinary tube-cast. H. Degeneration, a degeneration of fibrous tissue, which becomes transparent, jelly-like, and homogeneous in structure. Hyalinosis (hi-al-in-o' -sis) [io^f, glass]. Hyaline or waxy degeneration. Hyalinuria (hi-al-in-u' -re-dh) [vuTm^, glass; ovpov, urine] . The presence of hyalin in the urine. Hyalitis [hi-al-i' -lis) [iiaXo?, glass ; itiq, inflammation] . Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane. It is also used as a synonym of inflammation of the vitreous humor. Hyalogen (hi-al'-o-jen) [yaloQ, glass ; yemav, to pro- duce]. One of the albuminoids found in cartilage ; it is readily changed into hyalin, whence the name. Hyaloid (hi'-al-oid) [ydXog, glass; eldog, form]. Transparent ; like glass. H. Artery, in the embryOj a branch of the arteria centralis retinse, traversing the vitreous humor to the posterior capsule of the lens. Its hyaloid sheath forms the Canal of Cloquet. Per- sistence of this artery after birth has been observed. H. Membrane, a delicate, transparent membrane HYALOIDITIS 578 HYDRANGIOLOGY surrounding the vitreous humor, except in front, where it becomes fibrous and strong and forms a leaf- let of the zonula of Zinn. Hyaloiditis {hi-al-oid-i' -tis) . See Hyalitis. Hyalonyxis (hi-al-o-niks' -is) [iiaAof , glass ; v4f(f , a pricking]. Puncture of the vitreous body of the eye. Hyalophagia [hi-al-o-fa' -je-aK) [liaAof , glass ; ^aytiv, to eat] . The practice of eating glass, sometimes seen among insane persons. Hyaloplasm {hi' -al-o-plazm) \ya'koq, glass ; irXia/m, plasm]. The clear, fluid, homogeneous portion of the protoplasm surrounding the spongioplasm of a living cell. The term is also used as a general synonym of protoplasm. Hybrid (hi'-brid) [y^pig, insult]. The offspring of two individuals of distinct but closely related species. Among animals, the mule is the best known hybrid. H. Measles. Synonym of Rotheln, q. v. Hybridism, or Hybridity {hi'-brid-izm, hi-brid' -it-e) [^v/ipic, insult]. Cross-breeding; mixture of races; the combination of various diseases. Hybridization {Jii-brid-iz-a' -shun) \_hybr^d, a mongrel ; v^ptQ, insult]. Cross-breeding. Hydantoic Acid (hi-dan-to'-ik). See Acid, Glyco- luric. Hydantoin [hi-dan-to' -in) , CjH^N^Oj. Glycolyl urea. A substance that crystallizes from hot water and from alcohol in needles that melt at 206° C. , and have a neutral reaction and sweet taste. Hydarthrosis (hi-dar-thro'-sis). 'Ae.^ Hydrarthrosis . Hydatenterocele [hi-dat-en-ter' -o-sel) [wrfwp, water ; ivTepov, bowel; /c^Ar/, a tumor]. Hydrocele with in- testinal hernia. Hydatid [hi'-dat-id) [iferif, vesicle]. A cyst with aqueous contents formed by the larva of a tenia, Echi- nococcus polymorphus, the larva of a small tapeworm, Tania echinococcus , which, in its adult (strobila) con- dition is only known to infest the dog and the wolf, while the larvse (hydatids) are of frequent occurrence in man and other mammals. Three principal forms of hydatids are recognized, viz. , exogenous, endogenous, and multilocular. The first is sparingly found in man, but is extremely common in the lower animals, •whilst the second is most frequently developed in the human subject, the third kind being found only in man. (Cobbold.) 'i&e. Parasites (Animal'), Table of. The term hydatid is frequently, also, loosely applied to vesicular tumors and cysts of many kinds. Hydatids are most frequent in the liver, but are found in almost any tissue, even in bone. H. Disease, a disease characterized by the presence in various portions of the body of cysts containing the embryo of the Tcenia echinococcus. The symptoms vary according to the location of the tumor. H. Fremitus, a modified sense of fluctuation occasionally obtained on palpating an hydatid cyst. Placing the palm of one hand upon the tumor, and striking the dorsum with the fingers of the other hand, a tremor or thrill is per- ceived. This is doubtless due to the physical condi- tions of a cyst containing fluid, and provided with a tense elastic wall. H. Mole. See Chorion, Cystic Degeneration of, and Mole. H. of Morgagni, one of certain short processes of the tunica vaginalis testis ; also a similar structure connected with the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube. These hydatids are the remnants of the Miillerian duct. H. Tapeworm. See Tania echinococcus. Hydatidiform (hi-dat-id' -if-orm) [hdarlq, hydatid ; forma, form]. Having the form of an hydatid. Resembling an hydatid. H. Degeneration of the Chorion, or Vesicular Mole. See Mole and Chorion, Cystic Degeneration of. Hydatidocele (hi-dat-id' -o-sit) \hSaTiq, hydatid ; niikii, tumor]. Oscheocele with hydatid cysts. Hydatidoma (hi-dat-id-o' -mah) [irfar^f, hydatid; bjia, a tunfor] . Any hydatid cyst or tumor. Hydatidosis (hi-dat-id-o' -sis) \y&aTi.q, hydatid]. The condition of being affected with hydatids. Hydatogenesis (hi-dat-o-jen'-es-is) \y&ap, water; ykvmi,^, production]. The formation of water within the tissues or cavities of the body. Hydatoncus (hi-dat-ong'-ktis) [iidoip, water; oy/cof, a tumor]. Any cyst, or watery tumor. Hydatorrhea (hi-dat-or-e'-ah) \y6up, water; pola, flow] . A copious flow of water. Hydatotherapy (hi-dat-o-ther' -ap-e) . See Hydro- therapy. Hyderabad Commission. See Anesthetic. Hydnocarpus (hid-no-kar' -pus) [ySvov, mushroom ; icapwd;, fruit]. A genus of poisonous bixaceous trop- ical trees. H. (or Gynocardia) anthelminthicus, is anthelmintic and useful in skin-diseases. H. inebrians and H. wightianus have similar uses. Unof. Hydracetin (hi-dras' -et-in) \y6pa, a water-serpent], CgH5N2H2(C2H30). A derivative of coal-tar and a powerful antipyretic and antirheumatic ; its use, however, is attended with danger. Dose gr. yi to ij. An ointment (10 per cent.) is recommended in pso- riasis. Unof Hyiis^cii (hi-dras' -ia) [yl^ap , water; acidum, acid]. A term sometimes used in chemistry to denote an acid formed by a combination of hydrogen and some acid element or radicle other than oxygen. Hydro- chloric acid, HCl, and hydrogen or hydric sulphid, HjS, are examples. Hydradenitis (hi-drad-en-i'-tis) [ySup, water; a6i]v, gland; ltiq, inflammation]. I. Same as Hidrosad- enitis. 2. Lymphadenitis. H. destruens sup- purativa. See Hydrosadenitis phlegmonosa. Hydradenoma (hi-drad-en-o' -ma) . Same as Hidrad- enoma. Hydraemia (hi-dre'-me-ah). See Hydremia. Hydraeropericardium (hi-drah-e-ro-per-ik-ar'-de-um) [ySap, water; af/p, air; Trspj, around ; /captSta, heart]. The presence of fluid and gas in the pericardium. Hydraeropleuria (hi-drah-e-ro-plu'-re-ah)\ySG>p, water; aijp, air ; ■K\evpd,, side] . Same as Hydropneumothorax. Hydragogue (hi' -drag-og) [icSup, water; ayuyof, leading]. I . Expelling water. 2. A purgative that causes copious liquid alvine discharges. Hydramin (hi' -dram-in) [lirfup, water; amin\ Any one of the oxyethyl bases produced by the action of aqueous ammonia upon ethylene oxid. The hydra- mins are thick, strongly alkaline liquids, that decom- pose upon distillation. Hydramnios (hi-dram' -ne-os) \y6ctp, water ; afiviov, fetal membrane] . An abnormal amount of amniotic fluid. Hydrangea (hi-dran' -je-ali) \ylsap, water ; ayyAm!, vessel] . A genus of saxifragaceous shrubs. The root of H. arborescensis, much used by the Cherokee Indians folr calculi in the bladder, is said to he of some utility. Dose of the liquid extract gss-ij; of a decoction ,^j-ij. Unof Hydrangeion (hi-dran' -je-oti) [titSup, water, lymph ; ayyzlm, vessel : pi., Hydrangeia'}. A lymphatic vessel. Hydrangeitls (hi-dran-je-i' -tis) \y&ap, water ; hyymv, a vessel ; iTif , inflammation] . Inflammation of a lym- phatic vessel ; lymphangitis. Hydrangiology (hi-dran-je-ol' -o-je) \y&isip, water ; ay- ytlm, vessel; Adyof, science]. The science of the nature, functions, and diseases of the lymphatics. HYDRANTH 579 HYDRASTIS Hydranth (hi' -drantK) \y&poQ, hydra; avSo^, flower]. In biology, the proper nutritive zooid of the Hy- drozoa. Hydrargism {hi-drar'-giztn). See Mercurialism. Hydrargjrria (hi-drar-jir'-e-aK). See Mercurialism. Hydrargyriasis (hi-drar-jir-i' -as-is). See Mercurial- ism. Hydrargyrism {hi-drar'-jir-i%ni). See Mercurialism-. Hydrargyromania (hi-drar-jir-o-ma' -ne-aK) [ydpdp- yvpog, mercury ; fiavia, madness]. Insanity due to . the unwise use of mercury. .Hydrargyrophobia (hi-drar-jir-o-fo' -be-aK) [iSpdp- yvpog, mercury; (pSjlos, fear]. Morbid dread of mer- curial medicines. Hydrargyrophthalmia (Ai - drar -jir - off-thai' -me-aK) [irfpdpyupof, mercury ; o^Sa^/iia, ophthalmia]. Oph- dialmia due to mercurial poisoning. Hydrargyrum (hi-drar'-jir-um) [iiSpipyvpog, mercury : gen., Hydrargyri']. Mercury. Quicksilver. Hg = 200; quantivalence II, IV. The only liquid metallic element, hence the common name, quicksilver. See Elements, Table of. In medicine, the metal, its nitrate, oxids, chlorids, and iodids are the salts most commonly, the sulphid and cyanid less frequently, used. In small doses continued not too long a time it is a tonic, purgative, and alterative. In larger doses, or too long continued, it is likely to produce pytalism. In " biliousness," mercurial purgatives have long been a favorite remedy, blue-mass, and mercur- ous cUorid or calomel being usually employed. In syphilis, mercuric chlorid and mercuric iodid are generally considered specific. Mercury in the form of calomel is useful in glandular inflammations. Form- erly it was much used in the same form in typhoid fever and malarial fevers. The soluble salts of mercury are highly poisonous. H. ammoniatum, ammoniated mercury, " white precipitate," mercur- ammonium chlorid, NH2HgCl, is used externally. H. ammoniati, Ung., "white precipitate ointment" —ammoniated mercury 10, benzoated lard 90 parts. H. benzoas, Hg(CjH5C02)2. Dose, in pill, gr. ^-^. H. carbolas, easily absorbed. Dose, in pill, gr. ^\. H. chloridum corrosivum, HgCl^ (H. perch- loridum, B. P.), corrosive chlorid of mercury, mercuric chlorid, " bichlorid of mercury," " corrosive sublimate." Soluble in water and alcohol; anti- syphilitic. Dose gr. -jV-tV- ^^V/ poisonous. Liq. hydrarg. perchlorid. (B. P.), contains gr. ss of the mercurial salt to the ounce. Dose gss-ij. H. chloridum mite, Hg^Clj (H. subchloridum, B. P.), mild chlorid or subchlorid of mercury, mercurous chlorid, "calomel," — laxative, tonic, and antipyretic. Insoluble in water and alcohol. Dose gr. ^j-x. H. subchlor., Ung. (B. P.), I to 6| of benzoated lard. H.cum ammonia, Emplastrum. See Am- monium. H. cum creta, mercury with chalk, "chalk-mixture," " gray powder," contains mercury 38, clarified honey, 10, prepared chalk 57, water q. s. Dose gr. ss^x. H. cyanidum, Hg(CN)2, mercuric cyanid. Soluble in water and alcohol. It is recom- mended, with aconite, in diphtheria. Dose gr. ^i^_^j. Poisonous. H., Emplastrum, mercurial plaster — mercury 30, oleate of mercury 1.2, lead- plaster q. s. H. et arsenii iod., Liq., Donovan's Solution. See Arsenic. H. flav., Lotio, unof., "yellow wash" for syphilitic sores — corrosive sub- limate gr. xviij, lime-water "i, x. Gilbert's Syrup, unof, hydrarg. biniodid. gr. iij, potass, iodid. gr. cij, water giij, syrup . q. s. ad ,^ x. H. iodid. flavum, HgjIj, green iodid of mercury, mercur- ous iodid. Dose gr. yV-i ^- io^id. rubrum, Hgl^, red iodid or biniodid of mercury, mercuric iodid. Soluble in a solution of potassium iodid. Poisonous. Dose gr. ^^TrV- ^- iodid. rub., Ung. (B. P.), one in 28. H., Liniment (B. P.), contains one part of mercury in six. H., Massa, "blue mass," "bluepill,"hasmercury 33, liquorice 5, altheaaS, glycerin 3, confection of rose 34. It is used mainly as a purgative. Dose gr. ss-xx. H. nigra, Lotio, unof., "black wash" for syphilitic sores — calomel gr. xxx, lime-water ^ x. H. nitrat., Liq., solution of mercuric nitrate. It is used as an escharotic. H. nitrat. rub., Ung., unof. , red ointment of mer- curic nitrate, brown citrine ointment ; it is made with cod-liver oil. H. nitrat., Ung., citrine ointment,— mercury 7, nitric acid 17, lard-oil 76. H. nitrat., Ung., Dil. (B. P.), citrine ointment and soft paraflSn, I in 2i H. oleat., contains yellow oxid 20, oleic acid 80. H. oxid. flav., yellow oxid of mercury. Insoluble in water ; soluble in nitric and hydrochloric acids. It is used in the preparation of ointments, etc. H. oxid. flav., Ung., contains 10 per cent, of the oxid. H. oxid. rub., red oxid of mercury. Dose gr. ^^j— ^. H. oxid. rub., Ung., contains 10 per cent, of the oxid. H. salicylas, HgC.H^OCOO. Dose gr. \, in pill. H. subsulph. flav., Hg(HgO)2S04, yellow subsulphate of mercury, basic mercuric sul- phate, "turpeth mineral." Soluble in nitro-hydro- chloric acid. Dose, for emesis, gr. ij-v. H. succinimidum has been recommended for hypo- dermatic use. H. sulph. rub., red mercuric sulphate, " cinnabar," is used only by fumigation. H., Sup- positoria (B. P.), each contains gr. v of mercurial ointment. H. tannas, a green powder, rapidly ab- sorbed. Dose gr. j, in pill. H., Unguent., mer- curial ointment, "blue ointment," — mercury 450, lard 225, suet 225, comp. tinct. benzoin 40, old mercurial ointment 100 ; these are triturated until the globules of mercury disappear under a magnifying glass. It is used to produce the physiologic effects of mercury by inunction. Hydrarthrosis (hi-drar-thro' -sis') [yiap, water ; apdpov, joint]. An effusion of fluid into a joint, usually the result of chronic synovitis. It is called also Hydrops ar- ticuli, dropsy of the joint, white swelling, etc. Hydrarthrus (Ai-drar'-tArus). See Hydrarthrosis. Hydrastin (Jd-dras' -tin) [Mup, water ; Spa,v,io act], CjjHjgNOg. I. An alkaloid occurring together with . berberin (CjoHjjNO^ + \'^f)) in the roots of Hy- drastis canadensis [q. V.) ; 1^—4 grains may be given per diem, in divided doses. In overdoses it may have poisonous effects. 2. A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Hydrastis canadensis ; it is laxative , chola- gogue, alterative, tonic, antiseptic, etc. Dose gr. j- ij . Unof. Hydrastinin {hi-dras' -tin-in) \ySup, water ; dpav, to act], CjiHijNOj. An alkaloid obtained by the oxidation of hydrastin. It is useful in chronic metritis and in salpingitis, controls hemorrhage, and is a good substitute for ergot. It stimulates the cardiac muscle and causes contraction of the lumen of arteries. Dose of the hydrochlorate gr. ij-iv, hypodemiatically. Hydrastis (hi-dras' -tis) [iiJup, water ; Spav, to act] . Golden seal. The roots of H. canadensis, with pro- perties due to several alkaloids, the principal being hydrastin, q. v. It is a simple, bitter tonic, with anti- periodic properties, and arrests the movements of white blood-corpuscles. It is useful in catarrh of the stomach and urinary organs, and as a lotion in gonorrhea and gleet. Dose of the fld. ext., n\^v-xxx ; of the tinct. (20 percent.) 3ss-ij. H., Ext., Liquid. (B. P.) Dose Tr\,v-xxx. H., Glyceritum, hydrastis 10, gly- cerin 5, alcohol and water, q. s. H., Tinct., 20 per cent, strength. Dose n\,xx-3J. Unof HYDRATE 580 HYDROBIOSIS Hydrate (hi'-drsf) \ySup, water]. A compound of an elementary atom, or of a radical, with the radical hydroxy I H-0- or -0-H , as the hydrogen atom may be positive or negative. Practically a hydrate is con- sidered as a molecule of water with its basic atom of hydrogen replaced by another electropositive atom, e.g. , potassium hydrate, K-O-H, is derived from water, H-O-H. Hydration {hi-dra' -shun) [tidup, water]. The process by which a body or substance becomes impregnated or saturated with water. Hydrazin (hi-draz' -iii) [iidup, water ; azotum, nitro- gen], HjN,. I. Diamid; a colorless, stable gas, soluble in water, having a peculiar odor and a strong alkaline reaction. Orthin is prepared from it. See Phenyl-hydrazin. 2. One of a class of bodies de- rived from hydrazin by replacing one or more of its hydrogen atoms by a compound radical. Hydrazones {hi' -draz-dns) \y6(^p, water ; azotum, nitrogen] . Phenylhydrazones ; a group of chemic bodies produced by the action of phenylhydrazin upon carbonyl compounds. They are usually crystal- line compounds, insoluble in water. They are yellow or brown in color, and almost invariably decompose upon fusion. Hydrecium [hi-dre' -se-uni) [ijdwp, water ; olkjh^^ house : pL, Hydrecid\. In biology, the sac for the reception of the retracted cenosarc attached to the swimming- bell of certain hydrozoans. Hydrectasis (hi-drek' -tas-is) [iitSup, water; iKToaiQ, a stretching out]. Distention by water or by a watery fluid. Hydremesis (hi-drem' -es-is) piJup, water ; l/isaic, vomiting]. The vomiting of a watery material. Hydremia [hi-dre' -me-ah^ [Mup, water; at|Ua, blood]. A watery condition .of the blood due to defective renal secretion or to imperfect fibrination. It accom- panies albuminuria and certain other exhausting dis- eases. Hydrencephal (hi'-dren-sef-al) \ySap, water; iyid- (paloc, brain]. A hydrocephalic brain. Hydrencephalitis [hi-dren-sef-al-i'-tis] \y&uip, water; cT'/c^^aAof, brain ; iriq, inflammation]. Inflammatory hydrocephalus. Hydrencephalocele {hi-dren-sef'-al-o-sel) \ySap, wa- ter; ey/c^^a^of, brain ; k^A;?, hernia]. Encephalocele in which the tumor is in part composed of a watery fluid. H. palatina, a variety of hydrencephalocele .in which the dura mater, distended with serum, pro- jects into the mouth, forming a tumor possibly as large as a small apple. Hydrencephalus (hi-dren-sef'-al-us). See Hydro- cephalus. Hydrenterocele (hi-dren-ter'-o-sll) [judop, water; ivrepov, intestine ; k^^t/, hernia]. Intestinal hernia, the sac of which contains some extravasated fluid. Hydrenterorrhea (hi-dren-ter-or-e' -ah) \y6ap, water; ivrepov, intestine; l)oia, flow]. A watery diarrhea. Hydriasis [hi-dri'-as-is). See Hydro-therapeutics. Hydriatic [hi-dre-at'-ik] \ySuip, water; laTrndg, heal- ing] . Pertaining to the cure of disease with water. Hydriatric [hi-dre-af -rik) [Sdup, water ; larpdg, physi- cian]. Relating to the treatment of disease with water. Hydriatry [hi' -dre-at-re^ . See Hydro-therapeutics. Hydric Qii'-drik) [ydotp, water]. Containing water. Hydrid [hi'-drid) [jiSap, water]. A chemic compound containing hydrogen united to an element. Hydriodic {hi-dre-od' -ik) \ySap, water ; I66ri(, like a violet]. Containing hydrogen and iodin. H. Acid, HI, a heavy, colorless gas, with a suffocating odor and an acid reaction. It freezes at — 55° C. The syrup of hydriodic acid contains I per cent, of absolute HI. Dose, 3J-iv, well diluted. Hydro- [hi'-dro-) \y6up, water]. A prefix signifying water, or that water forms a structural part. See, also. Hydrate. Hydroa [hi-dro'-ah) [ySup, water; a6v, egg]. A term including a group of vesicular and bullous skin- affections presenting many points of affinity with vesi- cating erythemata, herpes, and pemphigus. The group includes the diseases described as Dermatitis herpeti- formis. Pemphigus pruriginosus. Urticaria vesicans, and Herpes gestationis, and is by no means uncommon. Hydroa occurs in individuals of the neurotic tempera- ment ; its course is chronic, but with a decided tendency toward ultimate recovery. [Hydroa, as the name of a skin-disease, is much confused in meaning with Hidroa, q. v.") H. bullosa. See H. pruriginosum. H. aestivale. See H. vacciniforme. H. febrile. See ■ Herpes facialis. H. gestationis, that of pregnancy. H. herpetiforme. Also called Dermatitis herpeti- formis ; Herpes gestationis ; Herpes circinatus bullo- sus ; Pemphigus circinatus. See Pemphigus prurigi- nosus. H. pruriginosum. Hydroa bullosa; a very rare form, attended at its development with intense itching, and sometimes preceded by slight febrile symptoms, followed by the formation of small bullae not exceeding the size of a split pea, and commencing as vesicles, without any antecedent lesion. Slight umbilication occurs, followed by desiccation, and the formation of scales or crusts. Successive crops are formed, the bulla; being discrete or grouped irregu- larly, but never in circles. H. puerorum. See H. vacciniforme. H. vacciniforme. Hydroa cestivale ; Hydroa puerorum; Recurrent summer eruption; a recurring summer eruption of boyhood, usually with vesicles that leave scars. The disease generally begins in the first, second, or third year of life, and is often preceded by articular symptoms. The eruption develops chiefly on the uncovered parts, and is generally preceded by burning or pain , fulness of the region at- tacked, anorexia, and insomnia. Red spots appear, and on these rounded vesicles develop, singly or in groups, varying in size from that of a millet- seed to that of a large pea. They may coalesce into an irregularly out- lined flattish bulla. The redness remains as an areola. These bullae dry up, rupture, or become umbilicated, and form crusts which, on separating, leave slightly depressed scars resembling those of smallpox. The pathology is unknown. Hydroadipsia (hi-dro-ad-ip' -se-ah) [vSop, water; d, priv. ; (!ii/ja, thirst]. Absence of thirst, or of desire for water. Hydrobenzamid (^hi-dro-ben'-zam-id) \ySap, water; benzoin; amid"], CjjHjgNj. Azobenzoyl hydrid, a crystalline compound, soluble in alcohol. Hydrobenzoin {/ti-dro-ien-zo'-in) [idup, water; if»- sot'k] , CjjHj^Oj. A compound prepared by the action of sodium amalgam on benzoin. It dissolves with difficulty in water, is readily soluble in alcohol, and crystallizes in large, shining, rhombic plates, melting at 134° C. Hydrobilirubin [hi-dro-bil-e-ru'-bin) [ySap, water; bilis, bile; ruber, red], Cj^H^jN^O,. A rose-red or brown-red pigment formed by treating a solution of bilirubin or biliverdin in dilute alkali with sodium amalgam. It is slightly soluble in water, easily so in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. It is a coloring- matter of feces, said to be identical with stercobilin, and is sometimes found in urine. Hydrobiosis [hi-dro-bi-o' -sis) \ySop, water; ;3fof, life]. In biology, the origin and maintenance of life in fluid media. HYDROBROMATE 581 HYDROCARBON Hydrobromate {hi-dro-bro'-mat) [idu/), water; pponfw^, a stench]. A basic salt of hydrobromic acid. Hydrobromic {hi-dro-bro' -mik) [Mup, water; Ppafiog, stench]. Composed of hydrogen and bromin. H. Acid. See Acid, Hydrobromic. H. Ether, CjHsBr. Bromid of ethyl. A colorless, translucent liquid, with a neutral reaction, ethereal smell, and a pungent, sweet taste; its specific gravity is 1.4733 ! it boils at 104° F. (40.7° C), and burns with difficulty with a green, smokeless flame. It is prepared by distilling alcohol with either bromin, hydrobromic acid, or bromid of phosphorus. It is only slightly soluble in water, but freely so in ether or alcohol. It is used as an anesthetic. See Anesthetic. Hydrobromid (hi-dro-bro' -mid^. Same as Hydrobro- mate. Hydrocaffeic Acid {hi-dro-kaf-e'-ik). See Acid. Hydrocarbon (hirdro-kar' -ban) \yoap, water ; carbo, charGoal] . A name applied to any one of a multitude of compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and car- bon, but also under certain conditions containing other elements as substitution-products. The possibilities of the number of such compounds may be seen in the following series, perhaps the simplest, carbon, C, being a tetrad, and requiring four monad atoms to saturate its quantivalence : — In either of these one or more atoms of hydrogen may be replaced by other atoms or radi- cles without altering the struc- ture of the compound. It will be noticed that the members of the series differ by CHj in the present case. The various members of the Fat-series are usually indicated as follows : — Paraffin Series, CnHjn -f 2, ") in which n stands for any Olefins, CjHjn, V number of carbon atoms. Acetylenes, C2Hj„_2, J Thus, if k = 3, the corre- sponding member of the Paraffin series would be CjHg, etc. All the hydrocarbons are inflammable. They occur in nature as marsh-gas (fire-damp) , natural gas, naphtha, petroleum, asphaltum, ozocerite, etc. , in a multitude of forms. They, with their derivatives, form the subject-matter of organic chemistry. A Table of the Hydrocarbons is appended. TABLE OF HYDROCARBONS. I. PARAFFINS (ETHANES), CnH2n-|-2. TABLE OF HYDROCARBONS.— Co»ft«»«p, water; iwe- Adf, marrow; irif, inflammation]. Same as Hydror- rhachis interna. Hydromyringa, or Hydromyrinx (hi-dro-mir-in' -gah or hi-dro-mi' -rinks) [vSup, water; mj/n'Kjr, the tym- panic membrane]. I. The distention of the mem- brana tympani with water effused within its substance. 2. Less correctly, the same as Hydrotympanum. Hydronaphthol (hi-dro-naf -that) \y6up, water ; vli^9a, asphalt]. A proprietary preparation recommended as an odorless, non-poisonous, and non-corrosive antisep- tic. It is regarded by some as identical with beta- naphthol. Dose gr. ij-v. Unof. Hydronaphthylamin (hi-dro-naf-thil'-am-in) \y&ap, water; vk^fia, a.sphaU ; aniin'\, C,5H,.Hj.NH,. A compound, called also tetrahydrobetanaphthylamin ; a solution of I to 5 per cent. , whether used topically HYDRONCUS 585 HYDROPYOSALPINX or hypodermatically, causes great dilatation of the pupil. Hydioncus {ii-iirong'-kus) [iiSop, water; iy/cof, mass]. A distention or swelling caused by an accumulation of water. See, also, Edema and Anasarca. Hydronephrosis {hi-dro-nef-ro' -sis) [Mup, water ; vt^p6^, kidney]. A collection of urine in the pelvis of the kidney from obstructed outflow. The obstruction may be caused by an impacted calculus, a stenosed ureter, congenital deformities, or new-growths. The cyst may vary in size, being either very small or enormous. Hydronephrosis is marked clinically by the presence of a tumor in the renal region, soft and fluctuating, and usually painless. H., Intermittent, one in which there is from time to time the occurrence of a free discharge of urine, with diminution in the size of the renal tumor ; ordinarily the retention is the result of twisting or kinking of a ureter. Hydronephrotic (hi-dro-nef-rof -ik) \y6up, water ; ve0- p6g, kidney]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, hydronephrosis. Hydronosos {hi-dron' -o-sus) \y6up, water; v6aoQ, dis- ease]. A disease attended with dropsy. Hydroparesis [hi-dro-par' -es-is) \ySup, water; Trdp- cffif, paralysis]. A paretic affection characterized by watery effusions, such as are seen in beriberi. Hydropathy (hi-drop' -ath-e) \y&ap, water ; jrddog', dis- ease]. The treatment of diseases by the use of water, externally and internally. Hydropedesis (hi-dro-ped-e' -sis). See Hidropedesis. Hydropericarditis {hi-dro-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [irfup, water ; 'Ktpl, around ; tcapdia, heart ; ing, inflamma- tion]. Pericarditis accompanied by serous effusion into the pericardium. Hydropericardium {hi-dro-per-ik-ar' -de-uni) [iidup, water; vtpl, around; iiapSia, heart]. A collection of water within the pericardium. It may be active, passive, or mechanical, but is generally the result of kidney-disease, valvular lesions of the heart, or chronic affections of the lungs. Hydroperididymia {hi-dro-per-e-did-im' -e-ah) \ySap, water; ntpi, around; SiSv/iog, testicle]. Hydrocele. Hydroperitoneum (hi-dro-per-it-on-e' -um) . See As- cites, Hydrophallus {hi-dro-faP -us) \ySap, water; (^TM^, penis] . A dropsical swelling of the penis. Hydrophilous [hi-droff' -il-ns) [titJup, water; ^^/lof, loving]. In biology, applied to plants that are fertil- ized through the agency of water. Hydrophlegmasia(^z-n?ro;;fi?f-7«fl:''-Zi?-ffl/5) [iirfup, water; (jiXey/iaaia, inflammation]. Any phlegmasia or inflam- mation characterized by serous effusion. Hydrophobe [hif -dro-fob) [tldup, water; ^vMov, leaf]. In biology, one of the protective envelops of the nutritive zooids in a colony of hydrozoa. Hydrophyr [hi' -dro-fer) \_v&up, water]. Briicke's name for a variety of peptone insoluble in alcohol. See Peptone. Hydrophysocele [hi-dro-fi' -zo-sH) [irfup, water ; i^vaa, air; KTjkri, tumor]. Hernia containing both serous fluid and a gas. Hydrophysometra [hi-dro-fi-zo-me' -trah) prfup, water; ^ti(7a, wind; lU^rpa, womb] . An abnormal collection of water, or other fluid, and gas, in the womb. Hydrophyton [hi-droff' -it-on) [ySup, water ; (jmrdv, a. plant: pi. , Hydrophyta'\. In biology, the branching structure furnishing support to a colony of hydrozoa. Hydropic (hi-drop' -ik) [ySpuntKA^, dropsical]. Per- taining to dropsy. Hydropica (hi-drop' -ik-ah) [ydpcmcicdc, dropsical]. Medicines useful in dropsy ; especially diuretic reme- dies. Hydroplanula (hi-dro-plan' -u-laK) [hydra, a genus of hydrozoans; planula, a stage of the embryo]. In biology, an embryo hydrozoan between the planula and the tentaculated actinula. Hydroplasm (hi' -dro-plazm) \y6ap, water ; irT^aafia, plasma] . A fluid constituent of protoplasm, or of any plasma. Hydropneumatosis (hi- dro-nu-mat-o' -sis) [Mup, water ; nvev/idruai^, inflation]. An abnormal or morbid col- lection of water, or other fluid, and air, within any of the tissues of the body. See, also, Hydropneumonia. Hydropneumonia (hi-dro-nu-mo' -ne-oK) \y6t^p, water ; Tvuevfiav, the lung] . A disease thought to consist of a serous infiltration into the lung; pulmonary edema; also, an effusion within the pleura sometimes accom- panying pneumonia. Hydropneumopericardium (hi-dro-nu-mo-per-ik-ar' - de-um) \ySup, water ; nveiifia, air ; irepimpSiov, pericar- dium] . A morbid collection of air and water within the pericardium. It causes the clacking sound com- monly known as the " water-wheel ' ' sound. Hydropneumothorax (hi-dro-nu-mo-tho' -raks) [y6up, water; Trvsv/jia, aOx ; Supaf, thorax]. Air (or gas) and water (or serous effusion) in the pleural cavity. Hydropolyp (hi-dro-pol' -ip) \y&up, water; noXinrnvg, polyp]. In biology, a hydroid polyp ; a nutritive zooid of a hydrozoan colony. Hydrops (hi' -drops) [ydpay^, dropsy]. Dropsy; an ab- normal collection of fluid in a cavity or part of the body. See Anasarca. H. articuli, a watery effusion into the synovial cavity of a joint. H. cerebri, hydro- cephalus. H. fibrinosus, effusion into a joint, with fibrinous deposits. H. oculi. Same as Hydrophthalmia. H. paralyticus, that in paralyzed parts. H. renalis. See Hydronephrosis. H. spu- rius, from obstruction of the natural outlet of a secret- ing organ. H. tubae. Same as Hydrosalpinx, q. v. H. tubarum. See Hydrosalpinx. H., Tuberculous, a copious effusion into a joint from tuberculous affection of the synovial membrane. H. vesicae fellese, dropsy of the gall-bladder. Hydroptic (hi-drop/ -tik). Same as Hydropic. Hydropyopneumothorax (hi-dro-pi-o-nu-mo-tho' -raks) [i)(5up,water ; 7riioti,pus ; ■Kvtvfia,!^ ; 9(5pdf, chest]. Hy- dropneumothorax, associated with the presence of pus. Hydropyosalpinx (hi-dro-pi-o-sal' -pingks) [ildup, water; •Kvov, pus ; ffaATTjyf, tube]. An accumulation of water and pus in an oviduct. HYDROPYRETIC 586 HYDROZOON Hydrop5rretic (lii-dro-pi-ref -ilt) [irfup, water; TrupeTtif, heat]. Pertaining to, or affected with, hydropyretos. Hydropyretos {hi-dro-pir' -et-os) [idup, water; Trvperdg, heat]. Sweating fever. Hydroquiniti (/n-dro-kwin'-in) \y6op, water; quina, Peruvian bark], CjuHjjN.^O,^. An alkaloid obtained from cinchona, said to be an admirable antipyretic. Unof. Hydroquinone (hi-dro-kwin' -on) \y&ap, water ; quina, Peruvian bark], CjHgOj. Quinol, a divalent phenol that results on boiling arbutin with dilute HjSOj, or from the oxidation of anilin. It crystallizes in mono- clinic leaflets and hexagonal prisms, that melt at 169° C. It is readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, and is valuable as an antipyretic, without producing injurious after-effects ; it is also used as an antiseptic. Dose gr. xv-xx. Unof. Hydrorhiza (Iii-dro-ri' -zaK) [iiSup, water ; pi(,a, root]. In biology, the disc of attachment of a Hydra or the homologous organs in other Hydrozoa. Hydrorrhachiocentesis (hi - dror -ak-e-o- sen - te'- sis) [irfwp, water ; /ia;t'f > spine ; Kevrr/aig, puncture]. Punc- ture of the spinal meninges in the treatment of hy- drorrhachis. Hydrorrhachis (hi-dror'-ak-is) \y6ap, water ; po-xi-i, spine]. Dropsical effusion within the vertebral canal. H. interna, syringomyelia, q. v. Hydrorrhachitis {hi-dror-ak-i' -tis) [ySap, water ; pdxi-i, spine ; iTig, inflammation]. Hydrorrhachis with in- flammation. See Spina bifida. Hydrorrhea (hi-dror-e' -ah) [idu/j, water ; /10m, flow]. A flow of water. H. gravidarum, a condition oc- curring occasionally in the pregnant woman, in which there is a periodic discharge from the uterus of thin mucus that accumulates as a result of hypertrophy of the uterine glands with excessive secretion. Hydrosadenitis (hi-dros-aden-i' -tis) \ySup, water ; a&rp), gland; iT(f, inflammation]. See Hidrosad- enitis. H. phlegmonosa, a furunculus beginning in a sweat-coil. It is also called Hydradenitis destru- ens suppurativa (Politzer), Acnitis (Barth^lemy), and Folliculitis exulcerans (Lukasiewicz). Hydrosalpinx (hi-dro-sal' -pinks)\y&ap,'^&'iec ; aaliny^, trumpet]. A distention of the Fallopian tube with a fluid substance, and its obstruction at the fimbriated extremity, caused by inflammation. It is frequently a result of gonorrhea. Hydrosarca (hi-dro-sar'-kah). See Anasarca. Hydrosarcocele [hi-dro-sar' -ko-sel) \ySap, water ; crdpf, flesh; K.ij'Xri, hernia]. Sarcocele with dropsy of the tunica vaginalis testis, or with true hydrocele. Hydroscheocele (hi-dros' -ke-o-seT) [«(5up,water ; baxiov, scrotum ; /c^A??, a tumor] . Dropsical hernia of the scrotum. Hydrosoma {hi-dro-so^ -mah) \ySap, water ; adjid, body: //., Hydrosomatal. In biology, the entire double- walled body of a hydrozoSn. Hydrospermatocyst {hi-dro-sper' -mat-o-sisi) [jlrfup, water ; avkpjia, seed ; Kvcrig, cyst] . A hydrocele whose fluid contains spermatozoa. Hydrosphygmograph (hi-dro-sfig' -mo-graf^ \ySup, water ; avy/i6(, pulse ; -yp&^eiv, to write] . A sphyg- mographic apparatus, in which the registering device is actuated by the fluctuations of a body of water. Hydrostatic, or Hydrostatics [hi-dro-stat'-ii, or -iks) [ydup, water; BTannii, standing]. The science treat- ing of the conditions and properties of liquids in a state of equilibrium. H. Test. See Birth. Hydrostomia {hi-dro-sto' -me-aK) [fidup, water ; ard/ia, mouth]. Excessive excretion of water from the mouth. Hydrosudopathy (hi-dro-su-dop'-ath-e) [iiiioip, water; sudor, sweat; irdmg, disease]. The treatment of dis- ease by sweating and the use of water internally or externally, or both. Hydrosulphuric acid {hi-dro-sul-fu' -rili). See Acid. Hydrotheca (hi-dro-the'-kaK) [jicSup, water; Qfitoj, a case : pL, Hydrothecce\ In biology, a polyp-cell; the cuticular investment of a hydroid polyp, forming a cup-like receptacle allowing the protrusion of the distal moiety of the polypite. Hydrotherapeutics [hi-dro-ther-ap-u' -tiks) \ySop, wa- ter; Bspantvuii , to heal]. That part of balneology treating of the hygienic use of water, and of its thera- peutic application to the body. See,also,.5a^/i and Aqua. Hydrotherapy (Jii-dro-lher' -ap-e). See Hydrotherapeu- tics. Hydrothion (hi-dro-thi' -ori) \ySu>p, water ; Sim>, sul- phur]. Hydrogen sulphid. Hydrothionammonemia (hi- dro-thi- on - am - o-ne'- me-ah) \ySup, water ; delov, sulphur ; ammonia, ammonia; al/ia, blood]. The presence of hydro- sulphid of ammonium in the blood. Hydrothionemia (hi-dro-thi-on-e'-me-ah) [ySup, water; delov, sulphur; al/ia, blood]. The presence of hy- drogen sulphid in the blood; also, the train of mor- bid symptoms resulting therefrom. Hydrothionuria (hi-dro-thi-on-u' -re-ah ) piJup, water ; Hum, sulphur; oipov, urine]. Hydrogen sulphid in the urine. Hydrothoracic (hi-dro-tho-ra' -siK) \y&ap, water ; fliipof , thorax]. Pertaining to hydrothorax. Hydrothorax (hi-dro-tho' -raks) \y&up, water ; floipaf, chest]. A non-inflammatory dropsy of the pleura, usually involving both sacs. H. purulentus. Syn- onym of Empyema. Hydrotis (hi-dro' -tis) [iKJup, water ; oif, ear]. Dropsy of, or effusion into, the ear. Hydrotomy (hi-drof -o-me) \y6up, water; rkjimiv, to cut]. A method of dissecting certain tissues by the forcible injection of water into the arteries and capil- laries, whereby the structures are separated. Hydrotropism (hi-drof -ro-pizm) [i;(!(j|0, water; Tp6ito;, a turn] . In biology, that state of a growing plant or organ which causes it to turn either away from, or toward, moisture. Hydrotympanum [hi-dro-tim' -pan-um) \y6op, water; tympanum, the ear-drum]. Dropsical effusion into the cavity of the middle ear. Hydrovarium (hi-dro-va' -re-um) \ySup, water; ova- rium, ovary]. Ovarian dropsy, or cystoma. Hydroxid (hi-droks'-id) \y6up, water; i^vQ, sharp]. A metallic or basic radicle combined with one or more hydroxyl groups. Hydroxids may be regarded as formed from water (HOH) by the substitution for one of its hydrogen atoms of a metal or basic radicle. Hydroxyl (hi-droks'-il) \y6up, water; ifnf, sharp]. A compound radicle, OH, that has never been iso- lated, but which is a factor in a vast number of chemic compounds. Thus, the oxygen bases are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl with electropositive atoms or radicles, e.g., sodium hydroxid, NaOH. Water may be regarded as hydroxyl hydrid, HOH. Hydroxylamin (hi-droks-il' -am-in) [idu/D, water ; 5f«f, sharp; amin"]. A basic substance (NOHj) known only in solution in water or in combination with acids. It is prepared by passing nitric-oxid gas through a solution containing nascent hydrogen. The aqueous solution is colorless and odorless, with a strong alka- line reaction. Hydroxylamin hydrochlorid is recom- mended as a good substitute for chrysarobin in the treatment of skin-diseases. Hydrozoon (hi-dro-zo'-on) [ydap, water ; f^ov, an ani- mal]. A cnidarian of the %vh-c\a.s,Si Hydrozoa, contain- ing the orders Hydrida, Hydromedusa , Siphonophora, HYDRURESIS 587 HYMENOMALACIA Hydniresis {hi-dru-re' -sis) \y&up, water ; obpriaiQ, ovpov, urine]. The passage of a relatively large proportion of water in the urine. Hydruria {hi-dru' -re-ah) [ySup, water; oiipov, urine]. Excessive excretion of water by the kidneys, with or without decrease in the amount of the solid constit- uents of the urine. The urine is pale, limpid, and of low specific gravity. The amount of water discharged in the twenty-four hours is enormously increased. The condition occurs most frequently in men, usually under twenty years of age. Hydrurilic Acid [hi-dni-ril' -ik) . See Acid. Hydrymenitis [hi-dri-men-i'-tis') \y6ap, water; vp-iiv, membrane ; (ryp6q, moist ; fiirpov, measure]. An instrument for determining quantita- tively the amount of moisture in the air. This amount, constantly varying, is expressed in terms of the per- centage required to saturate the air at the particular temperature observed. Hygrometric (hi-gro-mef -rik) [iiypdQ, moist ; /iirpov, measure ] . i . Pertaining to hygrometry, or the quantitative determination of atmospheric moisture. 2. Readily absorbing water, as a hygrometric salt ; hygroscopic. Hygrometry (hi-grom' -et-re) [yypdg, moist ; jxirpov, measure] . The measurement of the moisture of the air. Hygrophanous (Jii-grof -an-us) \yyp6g, moist ; fdi^g, show]. In biology, applied to such plant-structures as are transparent when wet, but opaque when dry. Hygrophila (hi-grof -il-ah) \yyp6q, moist ; ^I'kog, lov- ing]. A genus of dicotyledonous gamopetalous plants. H. spinosa, is a shrub used in Ceylon and India as a diuretic in dropsy. Unof. Hygrophobia (hi-gro-fo' -be-ah) \yyp6i;, moist; 6i3og, fear]. Insane dislike of water or of moisture. Hygroplasm, or Hygroplasma (hi'-gro-plazm or hi-gro- plaz'-mah) [iiy/9i5f, moist ; n'Ada/ia, anything foiined]. In biology, the fluid part of protoplasm (Nageli). Cf. Stereoplasma. Hygroscope (hi' -gro-skoJ>) \jyyp6g, moist ; anontiv, to inspect] . An instrument that indicates variations in the moisture of the air. Hygroscopic (hi-gro-skop'-ik) [yypdg, moist ; bkoizeIv, to see]. Having the property of absorbing moisture from the air. Hygroscopy (hi-gros' -ko-pe) [yypdg, moist ; aKontiv, to view]. Same as Hygrometry. Hylogenesis (hi-lo-jen'-es-is) [ykri, matter; yivtavg, formation] . The formation of matter. Hylogeny (hi-loj' -en-e) . Same as Hylogenesis. Hylopathism (hi-lop' -ath-izm) \y\rj, matter ; TrdSog, disease]. Any disease arising from defect or disor- der of the body-substance. Hylophagous (hi-loff' -ag-us) [p^ri, wood ; ^aye'iv, to eat] . In biology, applied to certain animals that feed upon wood. Hymen (hi' -men) \y/i^v, membrane]. The fold of mucous membrane at the vaginal entrance. H., Im- perforate, a congenital abnormality, the hymen not having an opening, and thus closing the vaginal outlet or inlet. H., Forms of : i. BTfenestrate, ox hymen biforis, with two openings. 2. Bilobate, with two lobes. 3. Circular, with a small foramen. 4. Cribriform, with many holes. 5. Denticular, with a serrate edge. 6. Double (rare). 7. Fimbriate, with fringed edges. 8. Horseshoe, with its convexity downward. 9. Imperforate. 10. Normal. II. Semilunar, same as 10, or normal. 12. Hymen septus, divided across by a slit. 13. Hymen sub- septus, covering only the anterior and posterior portions of the passage. Hymenal (/zi-wzc'-Kfl/) [i|«^v, membrane] . Pertaining to the hymen. H. Tubercles. See Myrtiform Car- uncles. Hymenea (hi-men-e'-aK) [yp-fiv, membrane]. A ge- nus of leguminous trees. H, courbaril, locust-tree, indigenous to tropical America ; is a good arterial sedative and astringent in hemoptysis, hematuria, dysentery, etc. Dose of the fluid extract gtt. x-xx. This tree and others of the genus afford copal and anim6. Unof Hymeniferous (hi-men-if -er-us) [vfii/v, membrane ; ferre, to bear]. In biology, having a hymenium, Hymenitis (hi-men-i' -Hs) [ip-i/v, membrane ; trig, in- flammation]. Inflammation of the hymen, or of any membranous structure. Hymenium (hi-me'-ne-um) [ii/ieviov, dim. of vp^, a membrane: pi, Hynienia']. In biology, the spore- bearing surface in fungi. Hymenocallis (hi-men-o-kal'-is) [ipi/v, membrane], A genus of amaryllidaceous plants. H. rotata, grows in the southern U. S. This and other species afford bulbs that may be substituted for squill. Unof. Hymenography (hi-men-og' -ra-fe) \ypiiy, membrane ; ypdj^uv, to write]. Same as Hymenology . Kymenology (ki-men-ol' -o-Je) [ypiiv, membrane ; ?^dyog, science]. The science of the nature, structure, func- tions, and diseases of membranous tissue. Hymenomalacia (hi-men-o-mal-a'-se-a/i) [ypiiv, mem- HYMENOMYCETES 588 HYPERALGESIC brane ; fta?MKta, softness]. An abnormal softening of membranous tissues, Hymenomycetes {hi-men-o-mi-se' -tes) [ifii/v, mem- brane ; fiiiio)^, fungus]. An order of fungi having a hymenium or umbrella. All the edible mush- rooms belong to this class. Hymenoptera (hi-men-op' -ter-aK) \ijiiiv, membrane ; iTTEpdv, wing]. An order of insects distinguished by two pairs of membranous wings. It includes ants, bees, wasps, ichneumons, flies, etc. Hymenopterous [hi-men-op' -ter-us) [yfJ'lp', membrane ; VTepdv, wing]. In biology, applied to insects having membranous wings. Hymenorrhaphy (hi-men-or' -a-fe) [y/i^v, hymen ; {>a^, suture]. Closure, more or less complete, of the vagina by suture at the hymen. Hymenotome [hi-men' -o-tom) [y/ii/v, membrane; TE/i- veiv, to cut] . A cutting instrument used in operations upon membranes. Bymenotomy [hi-men-of -o-me) ^v/J.^, membrane; TSfiveLv, to cut]. I. Surgical incision of the hymen, i. Dissection or anatomy of membranes. Hyo- (hi'-o-) [ioc((5^f, hyoid]. A prefix denoting attachment to or connection with the hyoid bone. Hyoepiglottic [hi-o-ep-e-glof -ik') [ioejrf^f, hyoid ; mi- yhjTTie, epiglottis]. Relating to the hyoid bone and the epiglottis. Hyoglossal [hi-o-glos'-al) \yoeiSiiq, hyoid; yTi.aaca, tongue]. Pertaining to the hyoglossus. Extending from the hyoid bone to the tongue. Hyoglossus [hi-o-glos'-m). See Muscles, Table of. Hyoid (hi' -Old) [ioeJiJ^f, similar to the Greek letter upsilon]. Having the form of the Greek letter upsilon. H. Bone, a bone situated between the root of the tongue and the larynx , supporting the tongue and giving attachment to its muscles. See Bones, Table of. H. Fossa. See Fossa. Hyoplastron (hi' -o-plas-tron). See Hyosternal. Hyoscin (hi'-os-in) [voCKua/iog, henbane], C^HjjNOj. A viscous liquid found in henbane ; it is a good soporific and valuable mydriatic. Dose, yjj to -^ of a grain. See Hyoscyamus . Hyoscyamin (hi-o-si' -am-iri) Ivocndja/wg, henbane], CijHjjNOj. An alkaloid occurring in the seeds of Hyoscyamus niger, in Atropa belladonna, and in Datu- ra stramonium. It is isomeric with atropin, and identical with daturin and duboisin. It crystallizes in shining needles, and melts at 108.5° C. It is a mydriatic, narcotic, and sedative. Dose, gr. j^j, gradually and cautiously increased, even to I grain. See Hyoscyamus. Hyoscyamus (hi-o-si' -am-us) [if, hog; Kiiafioc, bean]. Henbane. The older leaves of H. niger. It contains an alkaloid, hyoscyamin, isomeric with and similar to atropin ; also, a derivative, hyoscin, CjjHjjNOj. It is an excellent narcotic, calmative, and hypnotic, less irritating than belladonna and stramonium, and is use- ful in mania and the delirium of fevers. Hyoscyamin is useful whenever atropin is indicated. It is a powerful but uncertain mydriatic. H., Abstract. Dose gr. iij-v. Unof H., Ext. (B P.). Dose gr. ij-v. H., Ext., Alcoholic (of uncertain strength). Dose gr. j. H., Ext., Fid. Dose tt\,v-xx. H., Succus (B. P.) Dose 3ss-j. H., Tinct., 15 per cent, in strength. Dose 5J-iv; as a hypnotic .^ ss-j. Hyoscyamin. sulph. (C,7Nj3NOi,)N2S04. Dose.hypodermatfcally, gr. xiirt'j! by the mouth gr. X-j- Injectio hyos- cyamin hypodermicae. Strength i in 120. Dose Tl\j-iv. Hyoscin. hydrobrom. Unof Dose, gr. j.J^j— jlj. Injectio hyoscin. hydrobromat. hypo- dermicae. yi per cent. Dose tt\^j-ij. Hyosternal (hi-o-ster' -nal\ [iioe«!//f, hyoid ; aripvo-D, sternum]. I. Relating to the hyoid bone and the sternum. 2. In biology, the second lateral piece of the plastron of a turtle ; it is also called Hyoplastron. Hyp (hip) \y'K6, under]. A popular name for hypo- chondriasis, or persistent depression of spirits ; hypo. Hypacousis, Hypacusia, Hypacusis, or Hypakusis Qiip-ak-u' -sis) [iTTii, under; amvaic, hearing]. Hardness of hearing from defect of the auditory nerve. Hypsesthesia (hip-es-the' -ze-ah). See Hypesthesia. Hypalbuminosis (hip-al-bu-min-o'-sis) [in-d, under ; albumen"]. Morbid diminution in the proportion of albumin in the blood. It is caused by anything that gives rise to an increased consumption of albumin on the part of the organism. H}^algesia (hip-al-je' -ze-ah) [iiTrd, under; oKyr^at^, painfulness] . Diminished sensitiveness to pain. Hypalgia (hip-al' -je-ah) [iiTrii, under; akyoq, pain]. Slight or moderate pain ; diminished sensibility to pain. Hypalgic (hip-al' -jik) [iiTrrf, under ; aXyog, pain]. Slightly painful ; experiencing slight pain. Hypanisognathism (hip-an-is-og' -nath-izm) \yir6 , un- der; dviaof, unequal, uneven ; yvdSof, the jaw]. In biology, a lack of correspondence between the teeth of the opposite jaws. Cf. Anisognathism and Epanisognathism. Hypanisognathous (hip-an-is-og' -na-thus) [iurd, un- der ; avmog, unequal, uneven ; yvAdog, the jaw]. In biology, having the upper teeth broader than the lower. H3rpanthium Qiip-an' -the-um) [fiTrii, under; hvQog, a flower: pi., Hypanthia\. In biology, an enlarged receptacle. Hypanthodium (hip-an-tho' -de-um \_m6, under ; hv- 6og, a flower ; eldog, form]. See Synconium. Hypapophysis (hip-ap-off' -is-is) \yn6, under; ottiS^- [uffif, apophysis: pi., Hypapophyses]. An anterior or ventral apophysis from the centrum of a vertebra in the human skeleton ; the atlas is held by some to have an hypophysis, which is blended with the ring of that vertebra. Hypapoplexia (hip-ap-o-pleks' -e-ah) \m6, under : avo- ir/i.tj^ia, apoplexy]. A slight apoplexy. Hypatonia (hip-at-o' -ne-ah) [{'ttcS, under; arovia, at- ony] . A slight amount of atony. Hypemia (hip-e'-me-ah). See Hyphemia. Hyper- (hi' -per-) \i)irkp, above]. A Greek prefix sig- nifying above, beyond, or excessive. Hyperacidity (hi-per-as-id' -it-e) \yvi.p, over; acidum, acid]. Excess of acidity. Hyperacousis, Hyperacusia, Hyperacusis, or Hy- perakusis (hi-per-ak-u' -sis, hi-per-ak-u' -ze-ah) \y-Ktp, over; aKooaig, hearing]. Morbid acuteness of the sense of hearing ; auditory hyperesthesia. Also, a highly developed capability of the discernment of pitch and timbre of musical sounds. Hyperactivity (hi-per-ak-tiv' -it-e) [in-^p, over ; agere, to do]. Excessive or abnormal activity. Hy^^x&is.rMa^i^ (hi-per-ad-en-o' -sis) \yvkp, ostx; d(5^, gland; Kdcof, disease]. Enlargement of the lymph- glands ; Hodgkin's disease. Hyperaemia (hi-per-e-me-ah). See Hyperemia. Hjfperaesthesia (hi-per-es-the' -ze-ah). See Hyperesthe- sia. Hyperakusis (hi-per-ak-u' -sis). See Hyperacousis. Hyperalbuminosis (hi-per-al-bu-min-o' -sis) [virip, over ; albumen, albumin] . An increase in the amount of albumin in the blood, which maybe either relative or absolute. It is often due to the excessive ingestion of albuminous food, with insufficient exercise. Hyperalgesia (hi-per-al-je' -ze-ah) [vTrip, over; W/)/- (Ttf, pain]. Excessive sensibility to pain. Hyperalgesia (hi-per-al-je' -zik) \hiKkp, over ; d.Xy^i(, pain]. Exhibiting or appertaining to hyperalgesia. HYPERALGIA 589 HYPERERYTHROCYTHEMIA Hyperalgia ( hi-per-al' -je-aK) \y'Kip, over ; dAyj/ojf, pain]. Excessive pain. H., Acoustic, excessive hyperakusis. Hyperalonemia {hi-per-al-on-e'-me-aK) \yi^ip, over; ttf, salt; al(Ua, blood]. Excess of blood-salts. Hyperamnesia {hi-per-am-ne'-ze-aK). See Hyperm- nesia. Hyperanabolism (hi-per-an-ab' -o-lizni) [inrip, over ; dva/3aAAt7v, to build up] . Hypertrophy or excess of construction of a tissue or part. Hyperanthraxis (hi-per-an-thraks'-is). Synonym of Asiatic Cholera. H3'peraphia [hi-per-a' -fe-ah) [wTr^p, over; i.^, touch]. Excessive sensitiveness to touch. Hyperaphrodisia {hi-per-af-ro-diz' -e-ah) [iTrip, over; afpoSiam, aphrodisia] . An over.-strong venereal ap- petite. Hyperapophyseal {hi-per-ap-o-fiz' -e-al') [iirep, over; lm6(fxiai^, apophysis]. Pertaining to a hyperapophy- sis. Hyperapophysis (hi-per-ap-off'-is-is) [-tijr^/),over; cnrd- ^vaig, apophysis]. A process projecting backward from a neural spine. Hyperarthritis [hi-per-arth-ri' -tis) [iiTTEp, over ; apdpov, joint; iTig, inflammation]. Severe arthritis. Hyperasthenia (hi-per-as-the' -ne-ah) \y-Ktp, over; aatiheia, weakness]. Extreme weakness. Hyperauxesis [hi-per-awks-e'-sis) \yirkp, over ; av^rjm^, increase]. Extreme increase in the size of a part. Hyperbolic (hi-per-bol' -ik) [ivr^p, over ; ^oKkew, to throw]. Exaggerated. Hyperbrachycephalic {hi-per-brak-e-sef-al' -ik') \yvip, over; fipazvc, short; Ke^aTJ], head]. Extremely brachycephalic. Hyperbrachycephaly [hi-per-brak-e-sef'-al-e) [yirip, over; Ppaxvc, short; KE^a/^, head]. Extreme brachy- cephaly. Hyperbulia (hi-per-bu' -le-aK) [ivr^p, over; ^ovki], will]. Exaggerated wilfulness or obstinacy ; abnormal or in- sane development of will-power. Hypercardia (hi per-kar' -de-aK) \yKkp, over; Kapdia, the heart] . Cardiac hypertrophy. Hypercatabolism (hi-per-kat-ab' -o-lizni) [iirip, over; /card, down ; /JoaAeiv, to throw]. Wasting or excess of destruction of a tissue or part. H}rpercatharsis (hi-per-kath-ar' -sis) \yitip, over ; mdap- mf, cleansing]. Excessive purging, or the result of too free use of cathartic medicines. Hypercedemonia (hi-per-se-de-mo' -ne-aK) \y'Kip, over; ra/dE/iovia, anxiety] . I. Extreme anxiety or grief. 2. Excessive care on the part of the physician. Hypercele {hi' -per-sll) \_mep, over; KoAia, belly]. The dorsal portion of the epicele. Hypercenosis {hi-per-sen-o'-sis) [Imip, over ; Kivaacc, evacuation]. Excessive evacuation, as by purging or bleeding. Hjrperchlorhydria (hi-per-klor-hi' -dre-ah) [yirip, over ; ;i;/t(.)p(if, green ; Map, water; yewav, to form]. Ex- cess of hydrochloric acid in the gastric secretion. Rossbach's Disease. See Diseases , Eponymic , Table of . Hypercholesteremia (hi-per-ko-les-ter-e' -me-ah) \yTttp, over; ;i;oAi7, bile ; ariap, fat; al/ia, blood]. Excess of cholesterin in the blood. Hypercholia (hi-per-ko' -le-ah) \yvkp, over; ;tfo/l^, bile]. An excessive secretion of bile. Hyperchroma (hi-per-kro'-mah) \jmip, over; XP'^l^i color]. The excessive formation of the pigment of the skin, as in phthiriasis or syphilis. Hyperchromatemia (hi-per-kro-mat-e' -me-aK) \vKtp, over; XPW"-! color; alp-a, blood]. An increase in the color of the blood ; excess of coloring-matter in the blood. Hyperchromatic (hi-per-kro-maf -ik) \yTzkp, over; Xpajia, color]. Exhibiting hyperchroma. Hyperchtomatism [hi-per-kro'-mat-izm). Same as ffyperchroma. Hyperchromatosis (hi-per-kro-mat-o' -sis) \yKip, over ; ;i;/D6)/za, color]. Excessive pigmentation, as of the skin. Hypercinesia {hi-per-sin-e' -ze-ah) . See Hyperkinesia. Hypercrinia {hi-per-krin' -e-ah) [tiTr^p, over ; npivuv, to separate]. Abnormal or excessive secretion. HsTJercyesis (hi-per-si-e' -sis) \yirip, over; niirjaiQ, con- ception]. Superfetation. HypeTcyTtosis^hi-per-sir-to' -sis) \yirtp,over; iti/pToaig, curvature] . Extreme curvature, as of the back or a limb. Hjrperdactylia (hi-per-dak-til' -e-aK) \y%ip, over ; (5d/cru^of, finger]. Polydactylism. Hyperdermatosis \_hi-per-der-mat-o' -sis) [imp, over; Sepjia, skin]. Hypertrophy of the skin. Hyperdicrotic (hi-per-di-krof -ik) [yirtp, over ; S'mpoToi, a double beat]. Affected with marked or delayed dicrotism ; pertaining to the pulse when the pulse- curve shows the aortic notch below the base-line. Hyperdicrotism {hi-per-dik' -rot-izm) \_mkp, over ; SUpoTog, a double beat] . Strongly marked or exces- sive dicrotism. Hyperdistention (hi-per-dis-ten' -shun) [yirep; over ; distendere, to stretch] . Forcible or extreme distention. l^yf^Td.\wxs.^v&{hi-per-di-u-re'-sis)\_mip, over; imvptuv, to pass urine]. Excessive secretion of urine. Hyperdynamia (hi-per-di-nam' -e-aK) \yTrkp, over ; dvvafug, energy] . Excessive strength or exaggeration of nervous or muscular function. HypeTdyaaraic (hi-per-di-nam'-ik) [tiwepjOver; dvva/ug, energy]. Pertaining to, or marked by, hyperdynamia. Hypereccrisia ihi-per-ek-kris' -e-ah) [y'7ri:p, over ; e/c, out ; Kpivetv, to separate] . Excessive excretion. Hyperechema [hi-per-ek-e' -mah) \yvtp, over ; tixvI^"-, sound : pi., Hyperechemata'\. A normal sound ab- normally exaggerated. Hyperechesis (hi-per-ek-e' -sis) [h'K'tp, over; rixv'^i^, sound]. Abnormal loudness of voice. Hyperemesis (hi-per-em' -es-is) \yvcp, over; l/ieaic, vomiting]. Excessive vomiting. H. gravidarum. See Morning Sickness. Hyperemetic (hi-per-em-ef -ik) [iiTrip, over; IfiecriQ, vomiting]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, ex- cessive vomiting. Hyperemia (hi-per-e'-me-ak) [imip, over; alua, blood]. A condition of plethora or congestion. H., Active, caused by an excessive supply of blood. H., Pas- sive, caused by an impediment to the removal of the blood. H. of the Dental Pulp, a condition due to the overfilling of the vessels of the pulp with blood, the resulting pain being sharp and lancinating, and paroxysmal in character, especially in its earlier stages. Hyperencephalus (hi-per-en-sef -al-us) \yTTip, over ; eynifaTiOC, brain] . A variety of single autositic mon- sters of the species exencephalus, in which there is the same deformity as in podencephalus, but in a higher degree. There is often hydrocephalus, and the body is likely to be deformed in other regions. Hyperenterosis (hi-per-en-ter-o'-sis) [virtp, over; evTspov, bowel]. Hypertrophy of the intestines. Hyperephidrosis (hi-per-ef-hid-ro' -sis) [iiTrfp, over ; i^Wpaaig, perspiration] . Excessive or long-continued sweating. HjTJererethisia, or Hypererethism (hi-per-er-eth-iz' - e-ah, or hi-per-er' -eth-izm) \imkp, over; speOia/idg, irri- tation]. Excessive nervous or mental irritability. Hypererjrthrocythemia (hi-per-er-ith-ro-si-the' -me-ah) [tiTT^p, over; epv6p6(, red; idiTog, cell; al//a, blood]. Excess of red corpuscles in the blood. HYPERESOPHORIA 590 HYPERODONTOGENY Hjrperesophoria {hi-per-es-o-fo' -re-ah). See Hetero- phoria. Hyperesthesia {hi-per-es-the' -ze-aK) [inre/), over; aiff- Si?ffif , sensation] . Excessive or exalted sensibility of the skin. It may be symptomatic or idiopathic. Hyperesthetic [hi-per-es-thef -ik) [yivtp, ovti; alaBijaig, sensation]. Pertaining to hyperesthesia. Hyperexophoria (hi-per-eks-o-fo'-re-aK). See Hetero- phoria. Hyperfecundation (hi-per-fe kun-da'-shun). Same as Superfecundation. Hyperflexion ijii-per-flek' -shun) [in-ip, over ; Jlexio, a bending]. Overflexion, as of a limb. This is one method of treating aneurysm. Hypergenesis (hi-per-jen'-es-is) [tiTr^/a, over; ykveniq, generation]. Excess or redundancy of the parts or organs of the body. It may be normal, as in the in- crease of the tissue of a muscle ; or abnormal, as seen in monstrosities. Also, an excessive production of the eleipents of a tissue or organ. Hypergenetic (hi-per-jen-ef -ik) [iiTr^p, over ; yiveaii;, generation] . Marked by enlargement or increase of size. See also Teratism. Hypergeusia (hi-per-gu' -se-ah] \yiKkp, over ; ytvcLi;, taste]. Abnormal acuteness of the sense of taste. Hyperglobulia (hi-per-glo-bu' -le-aK) [iffip, over ; glo- bus, a ball]. Polycythemic plethora. An abnormal increase of the red blood-corpuscles ; hypererythrocy- themia. "Ryp^x^yzexoiAihi-per-gli-se' -me-ah) [iinep, over; jTl.v- KVQ, svpeet ; m/ia, blood]. Excess of sugar in the blood. Hyperglycogenia {hi-pergli-ko-je'-ne-ah) \jmip, over; yXvKvg, sweet ; yev^c, producing]. The excessive production of glycogen. Hyperhidrosis, or Hyperidrosis [ki-per-hid-ro'-sis, or hi-per-id-ro' -sis) [ynip, over; I6p&g, sweat]. Ex- cessive sweating. A functional disorder of the sweat- glands marked by excessive secretion. It may be general or local. Hjrperhydremia (hi-per-hi-dre' -me-aK) [vnip, over ; iiSup, water; al/^a, blood]. Excess of water in the blood. Hjrperhypnosis {hi-per-hip-no' -sis) \_mkp, over ; vvvoc., sleep]. Excessive or frequent drowsiness and sleep. Hypericum (hi-ptr-i' -kum or ki-per'-ik-um) {yvkpuimv, " under heath "]. St. John's wort; a genus of plants, mostly herbs or shrubs, with a resinous juice. H. perforatum, one of the commonest of the i5o spe- cies, has styptic, stimulant, and diuretic properties, but is now used mainly in domestic practice. Dose of the ext., gr. x-xx; of the fid. ext., .^j-ij. Unof Hyperideation (hi-per-i-de-a'-shun) [yvip, over ; idea, idea]. Excessive or morbid mental activity. Hyperidrosis [hi-per-id-ro' -sis). See Hyperhidrosis. Hyperino-epithelioma (hi-per' -in-o-ep-ith-e-le-o' -maK) [_VTrep, over ; if, a fiber ; im, upon ; dr/Tii/, nipple ; 6/ia, tumor: //. , Hyperino-epitheliomat(i\. Scirrhous car- cinoma with an abundance of fibrous elements. Hyperinosemia (hi-per-in-o-se' -me-ah) [iiTrip, over ; if, fiber; al/io, blood]. An exaggerated tendency to the formation of fibrin in the blood. Hyperinosis (hi-per-in-o' -sis) [iTrip, over; if, muscle]. I. Over-activity of the muscular fiber. 2. Abnormal increase in the fibrin-factors in the blood ; hyperino- semia. Hyperinotic (hi-per-in-of -ik) [inrip, over; if, fiber]. Characterized by hyperinosis. Hyperinvolution [Jii-per-in-vo-lu' -shun) [vvip, over ; involvere, to roll around] . An extreme diminution in size of the uterus, due to abnormally excessive involu- tion occurring after pregnancy. Hyperisotonia (hi-per-i-so-to'-ne-aK) \yvtp, over; tirof, equal; r(ivof, tone]. Unusual equality of tone or ten- sion; applied to muscles. Hyperkeratosis [hi-per-ker-at-o'-sis) [iir^p, over; xtpaq, horn, cornea]. Hypertrophy of the cornea either in extent or thickness. Hyperkinesia (^2-/«?'-^2»-f'-0f-a^) [iir^p, over; dvijais, energy]. I. Any exaggerated spasm or muscular contraction. 2. Excessive irritability. 3. Impulsive insanity. Hyperklnesis [hi-per-kin-e' -sis) [yirkp, over; xivijaig, energy]. I. See Hyperkinesia. 2. A disease or diseased condition marked by hyperkinesia. Hyperkinetic (hi-per-kin-ef -ik) [tiTrep, over ; idvijai^, energy]. Pertaining to, or marked by, hyperkinesia. Hyperlactation (hi-per-lak-ta' -shurC) \jimtp, over; lac- tare, to give milk] . Prolongation of lactation beyond the ninth month. If persisted in, it produces an ex- hausted physical condition of the mother known as Tabes lactealis. This condition is marked by anemia, with cramp-like pains of the upper extremities when the child is put to the breast. Hyperleukocythemia {hi-per-lu-ko-si-the' -me-ah) \imkp, over; AftJKiif, white ; Kdrof , cell ; ai^o, blood]. Ex- cess in the proportion of white cells in the blood; leukocythemia. Hyperleukontemia (hi-per-lu-kon-te' -me-ah) [imp, over; '}\zvk6v, albumin; at//a, blood]. Increase ia the albuminous elements of the blood. Hyperlipemia (hi-per-lip-e' -me-ah) [i;rfp, over; /liTrof, fat; aijw., blood]. Excess of fat in the blood; lipemia. Hyperlithuria [hi-per-lith-u'-re-ah) {ynkp, over ; XiBoq, stone; oipov, urine]. Excess of lithic acid in the urine. Same as Lithuria. Hyperlogia {hi-per-lo'-je-ah) [yirkp, over; Uyo^, speech]. Excessive or maniacal loquacity. Hyperl3rmphia [hi-per-limf -e-ah) [iiTrep, over; lympha, water]. An increase in the amount of lymph in the body. Hypermastia {hi-per-mas' -te-ah) \y'Kkp, over; fiaardg, breast]. Excessive development or hypertrophy of the mammary gland, which remains normal in structure. Hypermetamorphosis (hi-per-met-am-or-fo' -sis) \yKkp, over; /lETafidpijxoai!:, a transformation]. In biology, applied to insects that undergo transformation more completely or having more stages than ordinary. Hypermetropia [hi-per-me-tro'-pe-ah). Same as Hy- peropia, q. V. Hypermetropic {hi-per-me-trop' -ik) [ti7r^p,over; fikTpov, measure; h^, eye]. Affected with, or pertaining to, hypermetropia. H. Disc. See Disc. Hypermnesia, or Hypermnesis [hi-perm-ne' -ze-ah, or hi-perm-ne' -sis) \y'Kkp, over ; /iv^aig, memory]. Abnor- mal exaltation of the power of memory. Hypermotility {hi-per-mo-iW -it-e) [virkp, over ; motilis, motile]. Excessive action. H., Gastric, excessive churning action of the gastric walls, often accom- panied with hyperacidity due to increased secretion of HCl. Hypernervia [hi-per-ner' -ve-ah). See Hypemeuria, Hyperneuria (Jii-per-nu' -re-ah) [iTrep, over; vsvpov, nerve]. Excessive nerve-action. Hypernidation (hiper-nid-a'-shun). See Supernida- tion. Hypernea ihi-per-ne' -ah) or Hypernoia (hi-per- noi'-ah) \yKip, over; vokeiv, to think]. Excessive or abnormal mental activity ; also, the uncontrolled and incongruous activity of the imagination in some cases of insanity. Hyperodontogeny [hi-per-o-don-tof -en-e) \jyKkp, over; oJoC'f, tooth ; yewfii', to beget]. The phenomenon of HYPEROITIS •591 HYPERTROPHY a third dentition late in life. It is supposed to be due to the development of one or more superfluous tooth- germs that have remained dormant. Hyperoitis {hi-per-o-i' -tis) \y'Ktpba, palate ; ltvq, in- flammation]. Inflammaiion of the palate. Hyperonychia (hi-per-o-nik' -e-aK) [wjr^p, over; 8vuf, nail] . Hypertrophy of the nails. Hyperope \hi'-per-dp) [iTr^p, over ; d^, sight]. One . who is affected with hyperopia. Hyperopia (hi-per-o' -pe-aK) [imp, over ; u-ip, sight] . That condition of the refractive media of the eye in which, with suspended accommodation, the focus of parallel rays of light is behind the retina ; it is due to an abnormally short antero-posterior diameter of the eye, or to a subnormal refractive power of its media. H., Absolute, that which cannot be corrected com- pletely by accommodation, so that there is indistinct vision even for distance. H., Axial, that due to ab- normal shortness of the antero-posterior diameter of the eye, the refractive power being normal. H., Pacuitative, that which may be corrected by the accommodation, so that there is distinct vision at a, distance. H., Latent, that part of the total that can- not be overcome by the accommodation, or the differ- ence between the manifest and the total hyperopia. H., Manifest, that which the accommodation can over- come, or that corrigible by a convex glass aided by the accommodation. H., Relative, a high hyperopia in which distinct vision is possible only when excessive convergence is made. H., Total, the entire hyperopia, both latent and manifest. Hjrperorthognathy (hi-per-or-thog' -na-the) \yKtp, over ; JpSiif, straight; yvdffof, the jaw]. Excessive orthog- nathy ; the condition of having a cranial index greater than 91°. Hyperosmia {hi-per-oz' -me-ah) [vTrip, over; off//^, smell]. An abnormal or morbidly acute sense of smell; also, the presence of olfactory illusions. Hyperosphresis (hi-per-os-fre' -sis) \y-Kkp, over ; his^pq- ffif, the power of smeUing]. Exaggeration of the sense of smell. Hyperostosis (hiper-os-to'-sis) \yn'ep, over; oaTsov, bone] . Exostosis or general hypertrophy of bony tissue . Hjrpeiparasite (hi-per-par'-as-lf) \jmkp, over ; Tropa- cno(;, parasite]. In biology, a parasite including in itself another parasite. Hyperparasitism (hi-per-par' -as-it-izm) [yirip, over; irap&aiTog, parasite]. The infestation of parasites by other parasites. Hyperpepsia {hi-per-pep' -se-aK) \ynkp, oyer ; irifig, di- gestion]. Hayem's term for a form of dyspepsia characterized by an excess of chlorids in the gastric juice, without an excess of free hydrochloric acid. Hyperphagia {hi-per-fa' -je-aK) [yir^p, over; fayelv, to eat]. Excess in eating. See Bulimia. Hyperphasia {hi-per-fa' -se-ah) [imp, over ; (pdaig, saying]. Hjfperlogia; insane volubility; lack of con- trol over the organs of speech. Hyperphoria [hi-per-fo' -re-ah). See Heterophoria. Hyperphrasia (hi-per-fra' -ze-ali) [i-K'tp, over; (ppdaig, utterance]. The incoherent and exaggerated utter- ance of an insane person. Hyperphrenia {hi-per-fre' -ne-ah) [ivkp, over; ^pip>, mind]. Passionate mental exaltation of the insane. Hyperphysemia (hi-per-fi-ze' -me-ah) [iirkp, over ; ^aa, ■ air; al/ia, blood]. Excess of gases in the blood, or the abnormal conditions associated with such excess. Hyperplasia -{hi-per-pla' -%e-ah) [imp, over; ■7v?L6.aig, moulding]. The excessive deposit or augmentation of the elements of the tissue composing an organ. Hyperplastic (hi-per-plas' -tik) [vizip, over; ■KTMarmiq, fit for moulding]. Pertaining to hyperplasia. Hyperplerosis (hi-per-ple-ro'-sis) [v-rrip, over; ■K'Krjpuaiq, fulness]. Excessive repletion or fulness. Hyperplexia (hi-per-pleks' -e-aK) [inip, over; TrJ.iyfif, stroke], i. Ecstacy. 2. Melancholia with stupor. Hyperpnea, or Hyperpnoia {hi-per-pne'-ah, or hi-per- pnoi'-ah) [i'Kkp, over; "Kvlni, breath]. Panting or labored respiration ; dyspnea. Hyperporosis (hi-per-po-ro' -sis) [vnkp, over; vdpuaic, cementing or uniting]. An excessive formation of callus in the reunion of fractured bones. Hyperpraxia (hi-per-praks' -e-ah) [inip, over ; Trpaf (f, exercise]. The excessive restlessness of movement characterizing certain forms of mania. Hyperpresbyopia (hi-per-pres-be-o' -pe-ah) [iirip, over ; irpkapvg, old ; u^, eye] . Excessive presbyopia. Obs. Hyperpselaphesia {hi-per-sel-af-e' -ze-ah) [wr^jo, over; ■^rfkiii^avg, touch]. Abnormal increase of tactile sen- sibility. Hyperpyretic {hi-per-pi-ret'-ik) [i^^pjOver; ■Kvp, fire]. Pertaining to hyperpyrexia. Hyperpyrexia (hi-per-pi-reks'-e-ah) [iirip, over ; vvp, fire; ixuv, to have]. A condition marked by exces- sively high temperature or aggravated febrile symptoms. Hypersarcoma, or Hypersarcosis {hi-per-sar-ko' -ma, or hi-per-sar-ko' -sis) [i'Kkp, over ; ehp^, flesh ; bpa, a tumor]. I. Excessive granulation, fungosity, or proud- flesh. 2. Obesity ; hypertrophy. Hypersecretion Qii-per-se-kre' -shun) [ivip, over ; se- er etio, a secreting]. Excessive secretion. Hypersomnia {hi-per-som' -ne-ah) [iixkp, over ; som- «2«, sleep]. Excessive sleep. Hyperspasmia {hi-per-spaz' -me-ah). Synonym of Con- vulsions. Hypersplenia [hi-per-sple' -ne-ah). See Splenomegalia. Hjfpersthenia (hi-per-sthen' -e-an) [imp, over ; cBkvoQ, strength]. A condition of exalted strength or tone of the body. Hypersthenic [hi-per-sthen' -ik) [vKcp, over ; adevog, strength] . Characterized by hypersthenia. Hypersystole {hi-per-sis' -to-le) [mrip, over; avaroKii, systole]. An excessively strong systole. Hyperthermia [hi-per-ther' -me-ah) [in^ip, over ; B'epfiri, heat] . Excessive elevation of temperature. Hyperthymia [hi-per-thi' -me-ah) [intp, over ; dv/i6g, mind]. I. Mental hyperesthesia; morbid over-sen- sitiveness. 2. Vehement cruelty or foolhardiness as a symptom of mental disease. 3. Moral insanity. Hypertonia [hi-per-lo' -ne-ah) [imp, over ; r(ivof,toue]. I. Excess of muscular tonicity. 2. Increased intra- ocular tension. Hypertonic (hi-per-ton' -ik) [imp, over; riSvof, tone]. Characterized by hypertonia. Hypertrichiasis (hi-per-trik-i' -as-is) . See Hirsuties. Hypertrichosis Qii-per-trik-o' -sis). See Hirsuties. Hypertromos [hi-per' -tro-mos) [iwip, over; rpd/wg, tremor]. Excessive tremor or fear. Hypertrophia (hi-per-tro' -fe-ah) [vnip, over; rpo^, nourishment]. Same as Hypertrophy. H. cordis, hypertrophy of the heart. Hypertrophic (hi-per-trif'-ik) [iirep, over; rpo^, nourishment]. Marked by hypertrophy or excessive size. Hypertrophy [hi-per' -tro-fe) [iirip, over ; Tpo(f>fj, nour- ishment]. This word etymologically denotes simply over-nourishment, but it has unfortunately become synonymous with excessive growth or size of an organ or part (auxesis), whether this is due to over-nourish- ment, over-use, orto anyother condition. H., Cardiac, may follow dilatation of the heart, or be caused by valvular disease, diseased condition of the aorta, diseases of the kidneys and other distant organs, by constitutional disease, by excessive use of tobacco HYPERTROPIA 592. HYPNOTISM and of some drugs, or excessive muscular action. It .is attended with violent action of the heart, increase in the cardiac area of dulness and increased arterial pressure, headache, vertigo, dyspnea, palpitation, and pain in the heart. H., Compensatory, that following dilatation of the heart, or obstructive or regurgitant valvular disease, and produced by the efforts of that organ to make good the deficiency resulting from failing cardiac power. Let the circulation be restored, and the previous distressing symptoms will disappear. H., Concentric, increase in the thickness of the cardiac walls, without increase in the size of the organ, but with diminution in the capacity of its chambers. H., Ex- centric,, cardiac hypertrophy, with dilatation. H., False, the thickening of the heart- wall is due to some extent to an adventitious fibrous growth. H., Idio- pathic, that developing in the absence of other disease of the heart's structure, or of the structure of other organs. H., Numerical, an actual increase in the number of the constituent muscle-cells of the heart- walls. H., Simple, the walls are thicker than usual, the size of the cavities remaining unchanged. H., True, the hypertrophy consists in an increase in the muscular tissue itself. Hypertropia (hi-per-tro' -pe-ah). See Strabismus . Hyperuremia ihi-per-u-re' -me-aH) \jmkf>, over ; ovpov, urine ; alpa, blood]. Excess of urea in the blood. Hyperuresis (Jii-per-u-re' -sis). Same as Polyuria and £.nuresis. Hyperuricemia (hi-per-u-ris-e' -me-ali) [we/s, over ; ovpov, urine; alfia, blood]. Excess of uric acid in the blood. Hyperventilation {Jii-per-ven-til-a^ -shun) [^uTrep, over; ventilare, to fan]. A method of treating some dis- eases by exposing the body to drafts of air. Hypesthesia (hip-es-the' -ze-ali) [in-d, under; aXa- Briaig, sensation]. Impairment of sensation ; lessened tactile sensibility. Hypha (hi'-faK) \y^fi, a weaving, web: pi., Hypha\. In biology, the filament or thread of a fungus ; the matted hyphss form the mycelium. Hyphemia [hi-fe' -me-aK) \yir6, under; aLfia, blood]. I. Oligemia; deficiency of blood. 2. Hemorrhage within the globe of the eye. Hyphidrosis {hip-hid-ro' -sis) \yv6, under; ISpaaig, sweating]. Deficiency of perspiration. Hyphodrome {hi' -fo-drdm'\ [yififi, a weaving ; dpd/io;, a running]. In biology, a leaf in which the veins are more or less concealed in the thick mesophyl. Hyphology (hi-fol' -o-je) \y^ri, web; Adyof, science]. Same as Histology. Hyphomycetes \ki-fo-mi-se' -tBz) lvrie-ah) [Ivd, under ; AiVof, fat; aijia, blood]. Deficiency of fat in the blood. Hypologia [hi-po-lo' -ge-ah) [lurd, under ; Myog, word]. Poverty of speech as a symptom of cerebral disease. Hypomania [hi-po-ma' -ne-ah) [ijnS, under; /wvia, madness]. A moderate degree of maniacal ex- altation. Hypomelancholia [hi-po-mel-an-ko' -le-aK)\jmli, under; litlayxof^M, melancholia]. Moderate or reasoning melancholia. Hypomenous [hi-pom' -en-us) \yvli, under; jihuv, to remain]. Same as Hypogenous. Hypomere [hi'-po-mlr) [m6, under ; fitpog, a part]. In biology, the lower half of certain sponges [rhagQti), which consists of all three fundamental layers. Hypometropia [hi-po-me-tro' pe-ah) \jml), under; fiirpov, measure ; dn/), vision] . Myopia. Hypomnesis [hi-pom-ne' -sis) [mbiivriaif, memory]. Memory or recollection. Hypomoria [hi-po-mo' -re-ah) \yTrb, under ; |Uupia, folly]. Slight mental disorder. Hypomyosthenia [hi-po-mi-os-the' -ne-ah) [iird, under; ^■Df, muscle ; adivog, strength]. Deficiency in mus- cular power. Hyponasty, or Hyponastic Curvature {hi' -po-nas-te) [y%6, under; vaarbg, close pressed]. In biology, a HYPONEURIA - 595 HYPOTHECIUM curvature produced by growth on the under side of an extended. organ. Cf. Epinasty. Hyponeuria (hi-pe^nW -re-aK) \hv6. Under ; vevpov, nerve]. Slight or diminished nerve-power. 'Hyiponoetic(/ii-po-no-et'-iM)[iiT6, under ; vo)?riK(5f, under- standing]. Under the control of the will. Hyponome [hi' -po-noni) \m6, under ; vi/ieiv, to dwell in, to inhabit] . In biology, the exhalant funnel of a cephalopod. Hyponomous {hi-pon'-o-mtts) \jyK6, under; vi/ieiv, to feed] . Spreading or eating below the surface ; applied to certain ulcers, etc. Hypopepsia [hi-po-pep' -se-aK) [iirii, under ; iritlii;, diges- tion]. A disorder of digestion in which there is a notable diminution in the functional activity, glandular and chemic, of the stomach. Hypophemia, Tropical. See Ankylostomiasis. Hypophloeodic (hi-po-Jle-od'-ik) \wk6, under; i6g, bark] . In biology, situated beneath the bark. Hypophlceous (hi-po-Jte'-ui). Same as Hypophloeodic. Hypophosphite(A«-/o^j''yi^)[i7r(5,under;/Aoj5^,4or»j]. Any salt of hypophosphorous acid. Several hypo- phosphites (as of calcium, potassium, sodium) are offi- cial, and many others are used to a limited extent. Hypophosphorous Acid [hi-po-fos-fo'-rus). See Acid. Hypophrasia (hi-po-fra' -ze-aK) [in-d, under; pdBig, phrase, utterance] . Meagemess or poverty of speech, as a sign of cerebral disease. Hypophyllium (hi-po-fil' -e-uni) [in-ii, under; i^Xkov, a leaf: pi., Hypophyllid], In biology, -a. sheath-like petiole, without laminae. Hypophyllous (hi-poff'-il-us) \jm6, under ; tjAXhjv, leaf]. Same as Hypogenous. Hypophysemia (hi-po-fi-se' -me-aK) [^ind, under ; (fivaa, air ; al/ia, Mood]. Deficiency of gaseous ele- ments in the blood. Hypophysis (hi-poff' -is-is)\jm6, under; (^eiv, to grow]. The pituitary body, g. v. ; sometimes called the H. cerebri. Hypoplasia {hi-po-pla' -ze-ah) \jm6, under; nXaaauv, to mould]. Deficiency or arrested development of any organ or tissue. See Aplasia. H3rpoplasteniia {hi-po-plas-te'-me-ah). See Hypoplas- ticemia. Hypoplasticemia [hi-po-plas-tis-e' -me-ah) \jm6, under ; xXa(Tn/c((f, plastic ; oi|(«r, blood]. Deficient plasticity of the blood. Hypopraxia (hi-po-praks'-e-ah) \J}it6, under ; wpa^v^, doing]. Inactivity; listlessness ; inefficiency as a sign or result of cerebral disorder. Hypopselaphesia [hi-pop-sel-af-e' -ze-aK) [iTriS, under ; TJj^Mdi^ijic, touch]. Diminution of sensitiveness to tactile impressions. Hypoptilum [hi-pop' -iil-utn) [yn6, under ; tttOmv, feather: pi., Hypoptila']. In biology, the entire after-shaft of a feather, including the vanes ; hypo- rachis. Hypoptyalism (hi-pop-ti' -al-izni) \jm6, under ; ■KTvaXia- Ii6q, ptyaUsm]. A mild or slight ptyalism. Hypopygium (hi-po-pif -e-um) [vit6, under ; ■jrvy^, the rump : //. , Hypopygia'\ . In biology, the male clasp- ing-organ of dipterous insects. Hypopyon [hi-po' -pe-on) \jim6, under; nvav, pus]. A collection of pus in the anterior chamber of the eye, secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues. Hypoquebrachin {hi-po-kwe-brak' -in) \im6, under ; quebracho'], C^Hji-NjOj. h.n^!ika\o\d.oi Quebracho, occurring in yellow masses, melting at about 80° C, and soluble in alcohol and ether. Hyporachis (hi-por' -ak-is) \jyK6, under; paxi^, the spine].. lU biology, the stem or rachis of the after- '. shaft ; the hypoptilum of a feather. Hyporadioli {hi po-ra-dV -o-li) \yTr6, under ; radius, radius]. In biology, the barbules of the after-shaft of a feather. Hyporrhea {/li-por-e' -ah) \yn6, under ; }>elv, to flow] . A slight hemorrhage. Hyposmia {hi-poz' -me-ah) \j}w6, under; bajifi, smell]. Diminution of the sense of smell. Hypospadia, or Hypospadias (hi-po-spa'-de-ah, hi-po- jt/o'-flfe-flj) [iiTTii, under; ffTrav, todraw]. An abnormal opening and ending of the urethra upon the under surface of the penis, or in the under wall of the urethra. It is variously classed, according to the position of its opening, as glandular (or balanic), balano-penile, penile, peno-scrotal, scrotal, or perineal. Certain tribes of the Arabs, Africans, and native Australians produce an artificial hypospadias. Hypostaphylitis (hi-po-staf-ili'-tis) [tiTrii, under; OTaijyvMc, uvula; irtc;, inflammation]. Slight inflam- mation of the uvula. Hypostasis {hi-pos'-tas-is)\i>'iT6aTacii^, a standing under]. A word loosely used to denote feces, or any sediment falling from a liquid, especially the sediment of urine. Also, a form of passive hyperemia caused by the de- pendent position of the part affected. Hypostatic {hi-po-staf -ik) [imdaraaig, a standing under]. Due to, or of the nature of, hypostasis. H. Congestion. Same as Hypostasis, q. v. H. Pneu- monia, Piorry's term for the variety of pneumonia secondary to most of the acute febrile diseases, and occurring in the final stage of many chronic diseases. It is in part due to the mechanic gravitation of blood to the part affected, as to the back, in cases of long- continued dorsal decubitus. Hyposternum {hi-po-ster' -num) \y?:6, under; aripvav, the breast: //. , Hyposierna']. In biology, the third lateral piece of the plastron of- a turtle ; also called Hypoplastron. Hyposthenia (hi-po-sthe' -ne-ah) [iird, under ; aBhog, strength] . Weakness ; subnormal strength. Hyposthenic {hi-po-sthen' -ik) \yK6, under; aBivoc, strength]. I. Tendency to, or characterized by, hy- posthenia ; applied to diseases that are more than or- dinarily enfeebling. 2. A medicine that reduces the action of the heart without affecting its rhythm. Hypostoma [hi-pos'-to-mah) [iiTrd, under; aThyji, mouth://., Hypostomata']. In biology, applied {a) by Meigen and Bouchfi to the clypeus of Diptera, and by Meinert to a curved broad sclerite behind the lamina labialis of the inner stipes in the mouth of Myriopods ; (b) to the proboscis of Hydroidea. Hj'postoinatous [hi-po-sto' -mat-us) or Hypostomous [hi-pos'-to-mus) [iffd, under; ard/ia, mouth]. In biology, having the mouth inferior or ventral. Hypostome ihi'-po-stom). Same as Hypostoma. Hypostyptic (hi-po-stip' -iik) \yK6, under; arvKTiKiq, astringent]. I. Moderately or mildly styptic. 2. A mildly styptic medicine. Hyposynergia (hi-po-sin-er' -je-ah) [iiwd, under; avpep- yia, cooperation]. Defective coordination. Hyposystole (hi-po-sis'-to-le) [ynd, under; avaro^, systole] . Deficiency of the cardiac systole. Hyposystolia (hi-po-sis-to'-le-ah). See Hyposystole. Hypotension (hi-po-ten' -shun) \y-K6, under; tensio, a stretching] . Diminished or abnormally low tension ; hypotonia. Hypothallus (hi-po-thaV -us) \y-K6, under; BaXkbg, a young shoot or branch, a frond : pL , Hypothalli ]. In biology, a delicate filamentous mass upon which is developed the thallus of a lichen. Hypothecium (hi-po-the' -se-um) \yKfi, under ; BiiKr), a, case]. In biology, that portion of a lichen thallus immediately around or beneath the apothecium. HYPOTHENAR 596 HYSTERIC Hypothenar (hi-poth'-en-ar) [vvd, under ; 6hap, palm]. The fleshy eminence on the palm of the hand over the metacarpal bone of the little finger. Also, the prominences on the palm at the base of the fingers. Also, the ball of the thumb. Hypothermal (hi-po-iher'-mal) [iird, under; 6ip/i^, heat] . Tepid ; denoting a temperature placed ar- bitrarily between 59° and 68° F., or 15° and 25° C. Also, pertaining to the reduction of the temperature of the body. Hypothermia (hi-po-ther' -me-ah ) or Hypothermy Od'-po-ther-me) lm6, under; dtpfoi, heat]. De- ficiency in the heat of the body. Hypothesis {lii-poth' -es-is) \yv6, under ; Biai^, a posi- tion]. A supposition set forth for discussion or demonstration. A theory assumed as true. Hjrpotonia, or Hypotonus (hi-po-to'-ne-ahj or hi-pof- o-nus) [{iiri5, under ; rdvoQ, tension] . Decrease of nor- mal tonicity ; diminution of intraocular pressure. Hypotony (hi-pot'-o-ne) [yir6, under; t6voq, tension]. Same as Hypotonia. H., Gastric, the reverse condi- tion of gastric hypermotility, q. v. Hypotreme (hi' -po-trenC) [iyrd, under; jpfifm, a hole, (here, a spiracle) : pl.^ Hypotre7nata\. In entomology, one of a pair of strong fusiform processes extending obliquely across the anterior coxo-sternal foramina to the lovirer borders of the anterior spiracles in certain insects [e. g. , Diptera) ; they strengthen the anterior part of the thoracic wall. (Lowne.) Hypotrichous (hi-pof -rik-us). \y-K6, under ; Sp/f , hair] . In biology, applied to such infusoria as have the locomotor cilia on the under side of the body. Hypotrophy {hi-pof -ro-fe) \_m6, under; Tpk^uv, to nourish]. Subnormal nutrition. A defect in the con- structive or tissue-building powers of the organism. It may be congenital or acquired, and varies much in degree in different individuals, or even in the same individual at different times. Hypouremia (hi-po-u-re' -me-ah) [ijrd, under; ovpov, urine; alfw, blood]. Diminution of the urea nor- mally present in the blood. Hypouricemia (hi-po-u-ris-e' -me-ah) [iird, under ; oipov, urine ; al/xa, blood]. Decrease in the uric acid of the blood. H}rpourocrinia (hi-po-u-ro-krin' -e-ah) [iTrii, under ; oipov, urine ; /cpfVEiv, to separate]. A deficient or too scanty secretion of urine. Hypoxanthin {hi-po-zan' -thin) [yir6, under ; ^av66Q, yellow], CjH^NjO. A leukomaine, also known as Sarcin or Sarkin. It occurs, accompanying adenin and guanin, in nearly all the animal tissues and organs rich in nucleated cells. In minute quantities it is a normal constituent of urine. It has also been found in plants, seeds, ferments, and wines. It is a crystal- line body, soluble in cold and boiling water, insoluble in cold alcohol and ether. Hypoxanthin appears to be one of the products formed by the decomposition and successive oxidation of proteid matter previous to the formation of uric acid and urea. It is produced from adenin by the action of nitrous acid. It is non- poisonous. See KossePs Test, and Sarcin. Hypsicephaly (hip-sis-ef -al-e) \y'^t, on high ; Ke^akt], head]. The condition of a skull with a cranial index of over 75.1°. Hypsicranius (hip-sik-ra' -ne-us) [vil)t, onhigh ; Kpavlov, skull]. Lissauer's term for a skull having the ratio between length and height of 82.5° to 90.4°. Hypsilifortn (hip-sil'-if-orm). See Ypsiliform. H}rpsodont (hip' -so-dont) \yil>i, on high ; oSohg, tooth]. In biology, applied to such animals as have teeth fur- nished with long crowns and short roots. Hypsonosus (hip-son' -o-sus) [ti^of, height; v6aoq, ill- ness]. Mountain-sickness; balloon-sickness ; charac- terized by nausea, headache, epistaxis, etc. Hypsophobia (kip-so-fo' -be-dH) [ii/iof, height ; ^&^a^, fear]. Morbid dread of being at a great height; aerophobia. Hypsophyl, (hip'-so-fil) \y'^i, on high ; (piiTiTiov, a leaf]. In biology, one of the leaf-like or bract-like structures subtending a flower or an inflorescence. Hypsopisthius (hip-so-pW -the-us) \y^L, on high ; mia- tiiov, occiput]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle included between the radius fixus and the line joining the hormion and lambda is between 33° and 41°. Hypural (hip-u'-ral) \im6, under; ovp6., tail]. In bi- ology, located beneath the tail. Hyraceum (hi-ra' -se-ftm) [ipaf, a mouse]. A product from South Africa, somewhat resembling castoreum, and believed to be an excretion, perhaps fecal, of Hyrax capensis, the so-called South African cony or cliff-badger. Its use is the same as that of castor. Hyssop {his' -op) [ycaairo^, an aromatic plant]. Hedge- hyssop. The leaves and tops of Hyssopus officinalis, an aromatic stimulant, carminative, and tonic, much employed in chronic catarrh of the respiratory tract. Dose of the fld. ext. 3J-ij. Unof. See also Zo/>^a«- thtis and Gratiola. Hystera (his'-ter-ah) \yaTtpa, womb]. The uterus or" womb. Also, the vulva. Also, the placenta or after- birth. Hysteralgia (his-ter-al' -je-ah) [yaripa, womb; aA/of, pain]. Pain in the womb. Hysteranesis (his ter-an'-es-is) [yaripa, womb; avemg, relaxation]. Relaxation and atony of the uterus. Hysteranthous (his-ter-an' -thus) \yaTspnq, later ; drfof , a flower] . In biology, applied to plants in which the leaves do not appear till after the flowers have appeared. Hysteratresia (his-ter-at-re' -ze-ah) [yaripa, womb; arperog, imperforate] . An imperforate or impervious condition of the mouth of the womb. Hysterauxesis (his-ter-awks-e' -sis) [varkpa, womb; a^^TjGtq, enlargement]. Enlargement of the uterus, normal (as in pregnancy) or abnormal. Hysterectomy (his-ter-ek' -to-me) [varkpd, womb ; tKropcfi, a cutting out]. Excision or removal of the womb by surgical operation. H., Vaginal, removal of the womb through the vagina. Hysterelcosis (his-ter-el-ko' -sis) [varipa, womb ; S- Kuaig, ulceration]. Ulceration of the uterus. Hysteria (his-te' -re-ah) [varkpa, womb]. A functional disturbance of the nervous system, supposed by early physicians to be due to a disordered condition of the womb. It is now often considered a neurosis; it is not with certainty known whether it is due to structural alteration in any part of the central nervous system, or to abnormal blood-supply. Paralyses, impair- ment of vision, convulsions, sensory disturbances, and psychic manifestations, are usually prominent symp- toms. Major and minor types are differentiated. The popular significance of the term is that of feigned disease, but , the physician usually considers the affection real. It is more frequently encountered in females than in males. H., Epileptiform, a synonym oiHystero-epilepsy. H., Major, hystero-epilepsy. H., Minor, hysteria of a mild form. Hysteric, Hysterical (his-ter'-ik,his-ter'-ik-al)[yarkpa, womb]. Pertaining to hysteria, q. v. Also, pertaining to the womb. H. Temperature. See Thermal Ataxia. H. Breast, a condition of the breast in neurotic women marked by excessive superficial tenderness, diffuse swelling, constant variation in size and hard- ness, and by the recurrence of these symptoms at the menstrual epochs. H. Dyspnea, intensely rapid HYSTERICISM 597 HYSTEROPSOPHY breathing, 50 to 150 respirations per minute, occurring in neurotic individuals, without corresponding altera- tion of the pulse-rate. H. Somnolence, the early stage or lighter form of H. Trance. H. Trance, a peculiar condition in which the patient sinks into a lethargic, corpse-like condition, lasting from a few hours to several days. Hystericism {hister'-is-izm) [iaripa, womb]. The hysteric diathesis or temperament ; proneness to the exhibition of hysteric symptoms. Hysterics {his-ter' -iks) [yoTepa, womb] . A popular term for hysteric or convulsive movements and conditions. Hysteriencephalitis (his-ter-e-en-sef-al-i' -tis\ [tiffrcpo, womb ; iyiciipahrv, brain ; iTi(, inflammation]. En- cephalitis and meningitis following repeated attacks of hysteria. Hysterionica {his-ter-e-on' -ik-ah) [iaripa, womb]. A composite-flowered herb of South America {//. bayla- huen) of considerable efficacy in the treatment of acute and chronic affections of the respiratory appar- atus. It is also a stomachic and intestinal antiseptic of value in the treatment of flatulent dyspepsia. Dose of the fluid extract tt\^v-xv. Unof. Hysteritis (his-ter-i'-tis). See Metritis. Hysterizable [his-ter-iz'-a-bl) [yaripa, womb; able, able] . Capable of being thrown into a hysteric con- dition. Hystero- [his' -ter-o-) [iarepa, uterus]. A prefix sig- nifying relation to the uterus, or to hysteria. Hysterocatalepsy {his-ter-o-kat'-al-ep-se) [iaripa, womb; Kardlyjiiii, catalepsy]. A form of hysteria accompanied by catalepsy. Hysterocele (his' -ter-o-sSl ) [yaripa, uterus ; /c^A/?, her- nia]. Hernia containing the uterus, or part of it. Hysterocleisis {Jiis-ter-o-kW -sis) [yaripa, womb ; Kkeiaif, closure]. The closure of the os uteri by scari- fying and suturing the labia ; an operation formerly employed in the treatment of vesico-uterine fistula. Hysterocyesis (his-ter-o-si-e'-sis)\j}aTspa,'viorab; Kv^aig, pregnancy]. Uterine pregnancy. Hysterocystocele [his-ter-o-sis'-to-sel ) [yarepa, womb ; KhoTiQ, bladder ; Kf/Xri, hernia]. Hysterocele compli- cated by cystocele ; hernia of the womb and the bladder, or parts of them. Hystero-demonopathy (his-ter- 0- de-mon -op'-ath-e) [yaripa, womb; Saifum, a demon; naSag, disease]. Hysteric demonopathy or demonomania. Hysterodynia (his-ter-o-din'-e-ah) [icrfpa, womb ; hSvvri, pain]. Pain in the womb. Hystexo-e^Qs^sy l^is-ter-o-ep' H-ep-se^lydTipa, womb ; imXiifia, epilepsy]. A form of hysteria accompanied by convulsions resembling those of epilepsy. Gowers advises the term hysteroid in reference thereto. , Hystero-epileptogenous (his' -ter-o-ep-il-ep-tof -en-us) [ianpa, womb; eirtXi/Tpia., epilepsy; yevvav, to pro- duce]. Producing hysteric epilepsy. Hysterogenic (his-ter o-jen' -ik)[vaTipa, womb ; yewav, to beget]. Causing or producing hysteria. Hysterogenic (his-ter-o-jen'-ik) [yarepog, later; yheia, produce, bear]. In biology, applied to intercellular spaces or structures appearing late in the life of a plant. Cf Protogenic. Hysterogeny (his-ter-oj'-en-e) [yarkpa, womb ; yevvav, ' to produce]. The induction of the hysteric state or paroxysm. Hysteroid (his' -ter-oid) [iiffrepa, womb ; cidof, form]. Resembling hysteria. SeeHystero-epilepsy. H. Con- vulsions, convulsive movements with hysteric symp- toms in various organic diseases of the brain, in epilepsy, and in hydrophobia. Hysterolith (his' -ter-o- lith) \yBTipa, womb; At'flof, stone] . Calculus or stone in the womb. Hysterolithiasis (his-ter-o-litk-i'-as-is') [yaripa, womb ; 'kidlacLQ, the formation of calculi]. The formation of hysteroliths. Hysterology (his-ttr-ol' -o-je) [iaripa, womb ; Aiiyof, science]. The anatomy j physiology, and pathology, of the uterus. Hyst^roloxia (his-ter-o-loks' -e-ah) [iiaripa, womb ; /lof(if, oblique]. Oblique displacement or position of the uterus. Hysteromalacia (his-ter-o-ma/-a'-se-ah)[yaTipa, womb ; /ia?MKia, softness]. Softening of the tissues of the womb. Hysteromalacoma (his-ter-o-mal-ako'-maK) \yarkpa, womb ; p-aTuanAQ, soft]. . Softening of the womb or of any part of it. Hysterotnania (his-ter-o-ma' -ne^ah) [iaripa, womb; fiavia, madness]. Hjtsf eric insamty ; also, nympho- mania. Hysterometer (his-tet-oni' -et-er)\yBTipa, womb ; /lirpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the length of the intra-uterine cavity. Hysterometry (his-ter-om'-ei-re) [iaripa, womb ; /jir- pov, measure]. The measurement of the womb or of its internal space. Hysteromyoma (his-ter-o-mi-o' -mak) [yaripa, womb; fivg, muscle ; 6|Ua, tumor : pi. , Hysteromyomata\. My- oma or fibro-myoma of the womb. Hysteromyomatous (his-ter-o-mi-o' mat-US') [yaripa, womb ; p,vq, muscle ; hjia, tumor]. Of the nature of or pertaining to hysteromyoma. Hysteromyomectomy (his' - ter- 0- mi-o- mek' -to- me) [yaripa, uterus; jivg, muscle; tKrojii), excision]. Removal of a hysteromyomatous growth. Removal of the body or supravaginal portion of the uterus for fibroid tumor. Hysteroncus (his-ter-ong' -kus) [iaripa, womb ; dyxog, a tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the uterus. Hysteroneurasthenia (his'- ter -0- nu- ras-the' -ne-ah) [iaripa, womb ; vevpov, nerve ; aadevEla, weakness]. Neurasthenia resulting from womb-disease. Hystero-neurosis (his'-ter-o-nu-ro'-sis) [iaripa, womb; vcwpov, nerve ; viiffof, disease]. A reflex ac- tion resulting from irritation of the uterus. Hystero-oophorectomy (his' -ter-o-o-off-or-ek' -to-me) [iaripa, womb; iid^opog, egg-bearing; eicrop.'^, a cutting out]. The surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries together. Hystero-paralysis (his-ter-o-par-al' -is-is) [iaripa, womb; Trapa^umf, palsy]. Paralysis or weakness of the walls of the womb. Hysteropathic (his-ter-o-path' -ik) [iaripa, womb ; TrdSof, disease]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, hysteropathy. Hysteropathy (his-ter-op'-ath-e) [iaripa, womb ; naBoQ, disease]. Any disease or disorder of the womb. Also, hysteria. Hysteropathy (his-ter-op'-ath-e) [varepog, later ; naBog, illness]. Same as Deuteropathy . Hysteropexia, 'AysX.exo^z'x.y (his-ter-o-peks' -e-ah, his'- ter-o-peks-e) [iffrfpa, womb ; ■Kri^vg, a fastening]. Ab- dominal fixation of the uterus by a surgical operation. Hysterophore (his' -ter-o- for) [iarkpa, womb ; ^op6g, bearing]. A form of uterine pessary. Hysterophrenic (his-ter-o-fren' -ik) [iaripa, woinb; (fipr/v, the mind] . Opposed to hysterogenic. Hysteroplegia (his-ter-o-ple' -je-ah) [iaripa, womb ; ■KXrfyf), a stroke]. Same as Hystero-paralysis. Hysteropnix (his-ter-op' -niks) [iaripa, womb ; irvif, suffocation]. Globus hystericus. Hysteropsophy (his-ter-op' -so-fe) [iaripa, womb; ipdfog, sound, utterance]. The escape of air from the uterus with an audible sound. HYSTERO-PSYCHOPATHY 598 ICAJIN Hystero-psychopathy [his-ter-o-si-kop' -ath-e) [iiBT^pa, womb; ipvK?/, the mind; iradog, disease]. Mental disorder secondary to disease of the uterus. Hysteropsychosis {his-ter-o-si-ko' -sii) [iirrepffi, womb ; ^UK^, the mind]. Mental disorder associated with uterine disease. Hysteroptosis {his-ter-op-to' -sis) [iaripa, womb ; ■KToaic, a falling]. Falling of the womb. See Pro- lapsus. Hysterorrhaphy {his-ter-or' -ra-fe) \yarkpa, womb ; pa^^l, suture]. The closure of a uterine incision or rent by suture. Hysterorrhea {liis-ter-or-e'-ah) [varipa, womb ; Jioia, flow]. A discharge from the uterus. Hysterorrhexis {his-ter-or-eks' -is') [iorepa, womb ; P7f(f, rupture]. Rupture of the womb. Hysterosalpinx {his-ter-o-sal< -pingks) [ycrepa, womb ; crd^myf, pipe]. ' A Fallopian tube or oviduct. Hysteroscope [his'-ter-o-skdp] [yaripa, womb ; aKOirelv, to view]. A uterine speculum, with a reflector. Hysterospasm (his' -ter-o-spazm) [iorepa, womb ; avaa- p.61;, spasm]. Uterine spasm. Hysterostomatome [liis-ter-o-sto^ -mat-oni) \y(STkpa, womb; arbjia, mouth; ropii, section]. A knife for use in hysterostomatomy. Hysterostomatomy, or Hysterostomatotomy (his- ter-0-sto-m.at' -o-me, or his-ter-os-to-mat-ot' -o-me) \va- ripa, womb ; ard/ia, mouth ; To/ir/, section]. Surgical incision of the os uteri, or its enlargement by a cutting operation. Hysterotokotomy (Ais -ter-o-to- kol'-o-me) [yaHpa, womb; , rii/cof, birth;, rp/ii/, - section]. Cesarean operation, or delivery through an incision into the womb. Hysterotome [his' -ter-o-tom) [yarepa, womb ; ro/i^, a cutting]. A hysterotomy-knife or cutting.iinstrument for use in hysterotomy. Hysterotomotocia {^his-ter-o-to-mo-to' -se-aK) \yciTipa, womb; TOfifj,, cutting;' t6ko^, birth]. 'An incision into. the womb for tlie removal of a fetus; hysteroto- kotomy. Hysterotomy [his-ter-of -o-me) [iffrepa,- womb; TOjii), section]. I. Surgical incision of the uterus. 2. Cesa- rean s^ection. See Cesarean Operation. Hysterotrachelorrhaphy {his - ter-o - tra-kel-or^ -ra-fe) .[icrr^pa, womb ;. rpd;tf;7lof, neck; />a^^, suture]. A plastic operation for the restoration of = lacerated cervix uteri. • ■ ■ Hysterotrachelotomy {fiis-ter-a-tra-kel-of-o-me) [ya- rkpa, womb ;■ rpa-xi'^QC, neck ; ■TOfi'^, section]. Surgi- cal incision of the neck of the womb. Hystero-traumatism (his-ter-o-traii/ -mat-iam) [iaripa, womb ; Tpav/za, wound] . Hysteric symptoms due to or following traumatism. • ' Hysterotrismus (Itis-ter-o-triz' -mus) \yaTkpa, womb ; rpi,a}i6q, a creaking]. Spasm of the uterus. Hystriciasis [his-tris-i' -as-is) [iffrptf, a hedgehog]. A disease of the hair in which the latter " stares " or stands stiffly out like the hair of the hedgehog. Hystricismus (his-tris-iz'-mus). See Ichthyosis hystrix. Hystrix (his'-ttiks) [yarpi^, porcupine]. Same as Ichthyosis hystrix. I. I. The symbol of lodin. lamatology [i-am-at-ol' -o-je) \lafia, remedy; TJiyo^, science]. The science of remedies, or of therapeutics ; aceology. Obsolete. lasis [i-a'-sis) [iauif, treatment, cure]. Medical or surgical treatment. lateria, or latoria (i-at-e'-re-ah, or i-at-o'-re-ah) \\aTri- pia, laropia, therapeutics]. Therapeutics ; the art or practice of medicine. latraliptic (i-at-ral-ip' -tik) [larpdg, physician ; aAtiimic, an anointer]. Curing by using ointments and fric- tions. I. Method. Same as Epidermatic Method. latreusiology (i-at-ru-se-ol' -o-je) \_iaTpev(!i.(, practice of medicine ; Myn;, science] . The science of medical or surgical treatment ; therapeutics. Obsolete. latreusis (i-at-ru'-sis) [Idrpevaic, treatment]. Medical or surgical treatment. latiic {i-at'-rih) [iarpi/cdf, medical] . Pertaining to the physician or to the science of medicine. latro- {i-at'-ro-) [iarpdf, physician]. A Greek prefix signifying relation to medicine or to physicians. latrochemic, latrochemical [i-at-ro-kem'-ik, i-at-ro- kem'-ik-al) [larpd;, physician ; ;t;»?//Eia, chemistry]. Pertaining to the obsolete chemic school of therapeu- tists ; spagiric. latrochemist (i-at-ro-kem' -ist) [jarpiif , physician ; XVIJ^'m, chemistry]. A follower of latrochemic or spagiric doctrines. latrol {i'-at-rol) \laTpm>, surgery]. Oxy-iodo-methyl- anilid; an odorless and non-toxic antiseptic agent, said to be three times as effective, weight for weight, as iodoform. Unof. latroliptic {i-at-ro-lip'-tik). See latraliptic. latrology {i-at-rol'^o-je) [iorpdf, physician; ^dyof, science] . The science of medicine ; an account of, or treatise on, physicians. latromathematician {i- at-ro- math - em - at - ish'- an) . [Jar/xif, physician; /lad^/MTCKdi, >t mathematician]. A physician of a 17th century school (chiefly Italian) which ascribed vital activities to the sizes of pores and particles, to friction and consequent retardation, and to other mechanical causes. He asserted that all vital phenomena are mechanical. latrophysics {i-at-ro-fiz' -iks) [iarpdf , physician ; ^vni- k6;, pertaining to nature]. The relation of physics to medicine or the application of physics to disease or thera- peutics. The materialistic explanation of disease ; ap- plied especially to an obsolete theory of the 17th cen- tury, that sought to explain physiologic and therapeutic facts by means of the principles of physics (dynamics and statics). latrotechnics (i-at-ro-tek' -niks) [iaTp(if, physician; Ttxvri, art] . The art of healing. Iba (e'-bah) [African]. Gaboon chocolate; a substi- tute for chocolate from Irvingia gabonensis, a simaru- baceous tree of W. Africa. Unof. Icajin [ik'-tti-in) [African, icaja"]. A poisonous alka- loid derived from an African ordeal-drug called icaja. ICE 599 ICHTHYOTOXICUM It somewhat resembles brucin, and is probably derived from some species of Strophanthus. Unof. Ice (w) [ME., ise, ice]. Water in its solid state, to which it is reduced by a temperature of o° centigrade, or 32° Fahrenheit. I. -bag, a bag of waterproof ma- terial filled with ice, for application to any part of the body. I.-cap, a bladder or rubber cap filled with pounded ice for application to the head in case of con- i gestidn. I. -cot, a bed cooled by ice, so as to reduce the temperature of the patient. I. -cradle, a device that consists in the suspension over a. febrile patient in bed, by means of iron frames or barrel-hoops, of a number of zinc buckets kept half-filled with ice and enclosed in a light covering. The patient is covered with a muslin sheet and provision is made for the circu- lation of pure air in the cradle. The temperature of the patient is to be taken at least every four hours, and if it falls to 100° the apparatus is to be removed. If a sense of chilliness appears hot bottles are to be applied to the feet. I.-poultice, or I. -compress, an appUca- tion of broken ice used for local refrigeration. Iceland (aj'-ZaKfl?) [ME., m^, ice; yiE,.,land, land]. An island of the Arctic Ocean. I. Moss. See Cetra- ria. I. Spar, a transparent calcium carbonate, crys- talhzed in rhomboidal prisms. It has the property of dividing and doubly refracting a ray of light. Ichor {i'-kor) [lx<^P, serum, or pus]. An acrid and thin puriform discharge from an ulcer or wound. IchoToid, or Ichorous [i'-kor-oid, i'-kor-us)' [Ix^p, serum, or pus; eUog, like]. Resembling or relating to pus containing serum and disintegrated tissue. Ichorrhea (i-kor-e' -ak) [iKup, pus; paid, a flow]. A copious flow of ichor. Ichoiihemia [i-ior-e'-me-aX) [j^iip, ichor; Oi/io, blood]. The presence in the blood of ichorous matter; septice- mia; pyemia. Ichthiasis (ik-thi'-as-is). See Ichthyosis. Ichthidin {ik' -thid-in) \^i.)fivQ., fish]. A substance re- sembling lardacein, but obtained from the eggs of cyprinoid fishes. Ichthin [ik'-thin) [IxSvg, fish]. An albuminous sub- stance obtained from the eggs of some fishes, and also from cartilaginous fishes and frogs. Ichihulin {ih'-ihu-/in) [IxSii;, a. fish; iiX;?, matter]. A lardaceous substance, with the percentage-composi- tion, Cjj.sHjNjj.jSiPj.j, found in the eggs of fishes and in salmon. It is akin to ichthin and ichthidin. Ichthyiasis (ik-the-i'-as-is). Same as Ichthyosis. Ichthyic {ik'-the-ik) [lxSvm6g, of a fish, fishy]. Per- taining to, or resembling, a fish ; piscine ; ichthyoid ; ichthyo-morphic ; icthyopsidan. Ichthyisation (ik-the-iz-a' -shun') [IxBvC, fish]. In biology the process of intensification of fish-like char- acters. Ichthyocolla [ik-the-o-koV -ah) [tx^^C, fish ; kSXau, glue]. Isinglass. The air-bladder of the sturgeon, Acipenser huso. It occurs in homy, translucent, white sheets, that form a jelly with hot water. It is the purest form of gelatin, and is used as a food, for clari- fying liquids, and as a test for tannic acid. I., Em- plastrum, court-plaster ; it consists of isinglass 10, glycerin i, alcohol 40, water and tinct. benzoin q. s., spread upon fine white silk bolting-cloth and dried. - Ichthyography [ik-the-og' -ra-fe) {ixSvc, fish; ypdfeiv, to write]. A description of fishes ; ichthyology. Icilthyoid (ii'-the-otd) [IxOiis, fish; eWof, form]. Re- sembling a fish ; fish-like. Ichthyol \ik' -the-ol') [i;);St>f , fish ; oleum, oil], CjjHjj- SsNa^O,..' Sodium sulpho-ichthyolate. A preparation obtained from certain varieties of fossiliferous shale oc- curring in the Tyrolese Alps. It has a characteristic bituminous odor and taste. It is a good antiphlogistic, and has proved efficient in eczema and psoriasis, and in gynecology. It is used in the form of a 10 to 20 per cent, ointment, as a solution in glycerin, equal parts, or in the pure state. I., German. See Thiol. Ichthyology [ih-the-ol'-o-je] [i;i;S{if , fish ; /ltt Arteries, Table'of I. Crest, the upper free margin of the ilium to which the ab- doininal muscles are attached. I. Fascia. See Fascia. I. Fossa. See Fossa. I. Muscle. See Muscles, Tdble of. I. Region, one of the regions into •which the abdomen is conventionally divided. See Abdomen. Iliaco- {il-i'-ak-o-) p/za, the loins]. A prefix signifying relation to the loins. I. -femoral, relating to the ilium and the femur. I. -trochanteric, relating to the ilium and the great trochanter of the femur. Iliacus [il-i'-ak-us). See Muscles, Table of. Iliadelphus (il-e-ad-el'-fus) [ilia, flanks ; aSeTupSc, bro- ther]. A monstrosity double from the pelvis up- ward.. Ilicin {il'-is-in) [ilex, the holm-oak]. A crystalline febrifugal principle from the leaves of Ilex aquifo- lium. Ilien [il'-e-en) [ilia, the loins]. Belonging to the ilium in itself. Ilio- [il'-e-o-) [ilium, the ilium]. A prefix to denote rela- tion to or connection with the ilium. I.-capsularis, a muscle occasionally found in man, originating at the anterior inferior spine of the ilium and in- serted into the ilio-femoral ligament. See Muscles, Table of. I. -femoral, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the femur. I. -f. Crease. See Crease. I.-f. Ligament, an inverted V-shaped ligament extending obliquely across the hip-joint, from the anterior inferior spine of the ilium to the trochanters of the femur, pre- venting over-extension of the joint. I.-f. Triangle, a triangle of which the base is a line drawn from the summit of the great trochanter to the anterior superior spine of the ilium, aiidthe apex is formed by lines drawn backward from the anterior superior spine and upward from the summit of the trochanter. See Triangles, Table of. I. -hypogastric, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the hypogastrium. I.-h. Nerve. See Nerves, Table of. I. -inguinal, pertaining to the iliiim and the groin. I. -i. Nerve. See Nerves, Table of. I. -lumbar, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the . loing. I . -1. Artery, a branch of the posterior division .of the. internal iliac artery, supplying the iliacus, and also the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles. See Arteries, Table of. I.-l. Muscle, that part of the quadratus lumborum muscle that is inserted into the tips of the processes of the lumbar verte- brae. See Muscles, Table of I. -pectineal, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the pubes. '•"?• Ligament, that part of the iliac fascia by which Poupart's ligament and the sheath of the crural vessels are attached to the os pubis. I. -p. Line, the ridge reaching from the spine of the os pubis to the auricular surface of the ilium. See Lines, Table of. . I.-pelvic, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the pelvis. I. -p. Abscess, suppuration sometimes occurring over the iliacus muscle during labor, and commonly due to the laceration of mus- cular fibers. I.-perineal, relating to the ilium and the perineal region. I.-polymelius, a monstrosity with, supernumerary limbs attached to the ilium I.- psoas, pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the loins. I. -p. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. I.- pubic, relating to both ilium and pubes. I. -spinal, relating to the ilium and the spinal column. I.- tibial, pertaining to or connecting the ilium and the tibia. I.-t. Band, a thickened portion of the fascia lata extending from the outer tuberosity of the tibia to the iliac crest. I. -trochanteric, pertaining to the ileum and a trochanter. Ilium (il'-e-um) [L.]. The upper part of the osinno- minatum. The haunch-bone. \X\T/is.n'^vi\[il-iks-an'-thin) [z7^x, holly ; favflcSf, yellow], Ci^H^jOu . A yellow crystalline coloring-matter found in holly. The crystals melt at 198° C, and are soluble in hot water and alcohol. Ill (i/) [ME., «&,ill]. Sick; diseased; unwell. lUacrimation {il-lak-rim-a' -shun) [illacrimatio ; in, on ; lacrima, a tear]. Same as Epiphora. lUaqueation {fl-lak-we-a' -shun) [illaqueare, to en- snare]. A method of changing the direction of mis- placed cilia, by withdrawing them, by a noose, through an opening in the adjacent tissue of the lid. Illegitimacy (il-e-jit' -im-a-se) [in, not ; legitimus, ac- cording to law]. The condition of being unlawful, or not legitimate. Illegitimate {il-e-jit' -im-at) [in, not ; legitimus, accord- ing to law]. Not in accordance with statutory law. I. Child, one born out of lawful wedlock ; a bastard. inequation {il-e-kwa'-shun). See Illaqueation. Illicium (il-is' -e-u7n) [illicere, to entice]. Star Anise. The fruit of Illicium anisatum, with properties due to a volatile oil identical with oil of anise. Illicium is properly the name of a genus of magnoliaceous trees and shrubs. I. floridanum, of the Gulf States, has poisonous leaves. I. religiosum, of Asia, is said to be highly poisonous. I. verum, is said to yield the star anise of commerce. Unof Illness {il'-nes) [ME., ille, ill]. Sickness; disease; an attack of disease. Illumination (il-oo-min-a' -shun) [illuminare, to make light]. A light produced, by a luminous body, and reflected by surrounding objects. In photometry, the unit of intensity of illumination is that given by a standard candle at a distance of one foot. I., Dark- ground, in microscopsy, a condition in which the object appears self-luminous on a dark back ground. This occurs when the rays of light are too oblique to enter the front lens of the objective, except such as ILLUMINATOR 604 IMMUNITY are reflected or refracted from the object itself. I. of Eye, the lighting up of the interior of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscopic mirror. I., Oblique, in microscopy, an illumination produced by throwing the rays of light upon an object at any angle of inclina- tion. In ophthalmology, oblique illumination of the cornea consists in focusing a pencil of rays obliquely upon the part. Illuminator (il-oo' -min-a-tor) \illuminare, to make light]. In microscopy, an optic apparatus for con- centrating light. I., Abb6, an illuminating apparatus for the microscope designed by Professor Abb4. Abba's Condenser. lUuminism {il-oo' -min-hm) \illuminare , to make bright] . Insane exaltation ; especially exaltation with belief in one's communion or direct intercourse with supernatural or heavenly beings. Illusion {il-lu' -zhun) \illusio, a mocking]. A false or deceptive mental impression. Illusion diff'ers from hallucination in that it is the false interpretation by the mind of a real sensation. The senses are not at fault in case of illusions, and the defective process is purely psychic. The distinction between illusion and halluci- nation is, however, by no means a constant one. Illusional [il-lu'-zhun-al) [illusioy a mocking]. Of the nature of an illusion. \\\.\A!Aior\.{il-lu-ta'-shun) [in, in ; lutum, mud]. Treat- ment of disease by the mud-bath. Image (im'-aj ) [imago, a likeness] . The picture of an object formed by the focused rays of light proceeding from it. I., After. See After-image. I., Diffusion of. See Diffusion. I., Direct, or I., Erect, that of the fundus oculi as seen with the ophthalmoscope, the details of the fundus presenting their natural rela- tions. I., Inverted, that obtained by interposing between the ophthalmoscope and the observed eye a high-power lens ; it is an aerial image at the focus of the lens used. I., Real, that made by the focused re- flected rays. I., Refraction, an image due to the refraction of light upon entering and leaving an object. Two things are involved : I. The form of the object. 2. The relative refractive power of the object and the mounting-medium. I., Subjective, a photism ; also a visual hallucination. I., Virtual, that produced by the imaginary focus of the rays, as, c. g., behind a mirror. Imaginal [im-aj' -in-al) [imago, an image]. Pertain- ing to the Image, q. v. I. Discs, in entomology, the name given by Weismann to curious encapsulated groups of embryonal cells, connected with the nerves and nerve-centers of certain insect larvae [Diptera"). They are the rudiments from which the nymph is developed. Imagination (im-aj-in-a' -shun) [imaginatio, imagin- ation]. The picture-making power of the mind. The faculty by which one creates ideas or mental pictures by means of the data derived from experience, ideally revivified, extended, and combined in new forms. Imago (im-a'-go) [L.; gen., Imaginis\ An image. Also, the final, adult, or reproductive stage of an insect. Imbalance {im-bal'-ans) [in, not; bilancia, a balance]. Lack of balance ; lack of the power of keeping the erect position ; lack of muscular balance (as between the muscle of the eyes). Imbecile(z>«''-te-;7)[2«fo«'//aj,weak]. Feeble in mind. Imbecility [im-bes-il'-it-e) [imbecillitas, imbecility]. Mental weakness or defect, similar to that of idiocy, but of less degree. Imbibe (im-bW) [imbibere, to drink in]. To drink or suck in. Imbibition {im-bii-ish' -uri) [imbibiHo, a drinking in]. The sucking up, or capillary absorption, of moisture, liquids, or gaseous substances by inorganic, or by dead or torpid organic bodies. Imbowelling (im-bow'-el-ing). Same as Eviscer- ation, Imbricate [im'-brik-at) [imbricare, to cover with tiles]. Applied to that arrangement of scales, feathers, leaves, or floral organs in the bud, in which they overlap like shingles on a roof. Imbricated (im' -brik-a-ted) [imbrex, a roof-tile]. Dis- tinguished by overlapping. Applied to the position and arrangement of scales in certain squamous diseases of the skin. Imitation {im-it-a' -shun) [imilari, to imitate]. A production that is similar to, or a copy of, another ob- ject or process. I., Morbid, the occurrence of a convulsive or mental affection Brought about by ob- serving a similar affection in another ; mental con- tagion. Immaculate {im-ak'-u-lat) [in, not; macula, a spot]. Pure ; spotless. Immarginate (im-ar' -jin-at) [in, not ; marginare, to furnish with a border] . In biology, having no well- defined border. Immature (m-3^-a>-') [immaturus , ■aravpe]. Not ripe; not yet of an adult age or growth. Immediate {im-me'-de-at) [in, not; medio, the middle]. Direct. Without anything intervening, as immediate atiscultation or percussion. I . Contagion, that from a direct source. I. Ligature. %&& Ligature. I.Union, union by first intention, or without suppurative granu- lation. Immedicable (im-med' -ik-ab-l) [in, not ; medicare, to cure]. That which does not yield to medicine or treatment. Incurable. Immersion [im-mer' -shun) [in, in ; mergere, to dip]. The plunging of a body into a liquid. In medicine, treatment by a continued bath. See Oil-immersion, Water-immersion. I. -bath, the liquid employed for immersion. I. -battery, a form of battery in which, by inclining the cell, the elements are immersed in the liquid. I., Homogeneous, a fluid between the objective of a microscope and the cover-glass, having about the same refractive and dispersive power as the glass. I., Objective, a microscope-objective, usually of high power, the lower lens of which is immersed in a drop of water, glycerin, or oil, placed on the cover-glass of the object under examination. Immissio (zw-is/^'-f-o) [L.]. Insertion. I. catheteris. See Catheter ism. I. penis, introduction of the penis into the vagina. Immission {im-mish' -un) [immissio, a letting in]. Introduction, as of a catheter. Immobilization [im-mob-il-iz-a' -shun) [immobilis, im- movable ; facere, to make] . The surgical fixation of a part (as a fractured bone) by means that prevent any local motion. Immortality (im-mor-tal'-it-e) [immortalitas , undying- ness]. Exemption from death ; unending existence. I. of Germ-cells. See Heredity ; aSso , Germ-plasma. Immune (im-mun') [immunis, safe]. I. Safe from at- tack ; protected by vaccination, or some analogous procedure , or by previous illness. 2. A person who is protected against any special virus. I. Animal. See Control-experiment. \raTa.xm.i\.y {im-mUn'-it-e) [w/otkw&.i, exemption]. The condition of an organ, or of the body, whereby it resists the development of infectious or morbid processes. The inoculation of attenuated virus and of chemic compounds are examples of methods by which im- munity is acquired. It hasalso been shown that inflam- IMMUNIZATION 605 IMPLANTATION matory action is inhibitive of bacterial development. I., Acquired, that derived from a previous attack of the same disease or from a modified form, as varioloid j or artificially produced by inoculation. I., Artificial, that produced by inoculation with the virus of a disease. X., Natural, the natural resistance of the tissues or system. Immunization may be transient or perma- nent, relative or absolute. Immunization {im-mun-i%-a' -shaii) [immumias, ex- emption] . The act or process of endowing with im- munity. Immunize {im' -miln-lz) [immunis, exempt]. To give or to acquire immunity. Impact [imf-pakf) \impactus ; impingere, to drive into or against]. A forcible striking against. Impacted {im-pak' -ted) \impactus ; impingere, to drive into pr against]. Driven against and retained, as a wedge. I. Fracture, one in which the fragments of bone are driven into one another in such a manner as to cause shortening. Impaction {im-pak' -shun) [impactio, impact]. The state or quality of being impacted ; fracture with fixa- . tion of the fragments ; obstinate constipation ; the wedging of the fetal head in the pelvic canal. Impalement (im-pal' -meni) \in, in ; pal, a pale or picket] . The perforation of the body or a part by a rod or stake. Impalpable [im-pal' -pa-bl) [impalpabilis, impalpable]. That which cannot be felt ; unappreciable by touch. I. Powder, a powder so fine that its separate particles cannot be felt. Impalsy (im-pawV -ze) \in, in; WE,.,palsey, palsy]. To paralyze. Impaludism {im-pal' -u-dizm) [«'«, in;/«/«j, amarsh]. Chronic malarial poisoning. Impar [im'-par) \in, not ; ^ar, equal] . Odd or unequal. I., Ganglion, a small ganglion on the coccyx. See Ganglia, Table of. Imparipinnate {im-par-ip-in' -at) [impar, unequal ; pinnatus, feathered]. In biology, unequally pinnate ; having an odd leaflet at the apex. Impatiens [im-pa' -she-em) [L., impatient]. Touch- me-not ; jewel- weed or balsamine ; a genus of gera- niaceous plants. I. balsamina and I. lutea, of the old world, and I. fulva and I. pallida, of the U. S., are diuretic, emetic, and cathartic. Unof. Impatiinid {im-pa' -te-in-id) [impatiens, impatient]. A resinous emetic principle obtainable from Impatiens lutea. Unof. Impennate {im-pen'-at) [in, not; pennatus, ^'vageA']. In biology, applied to such birds, as the penguin, as have short wings covered with scale-like feathers. Impennous [im-pen'-us) [in, not; penna, wing]. In biology, without wings. Imperative (im-per' -at-iv) [imperativus , imperative]. Peremptory; absolute; binding. I. Idea. See Idea, Imperatoria [im-per-at-o'-re-ah) [imperatorius, be- longing to a commander] . A genus of umbelliferous plants; masterworts. I. ostruthium, false pellitory of Spain, is an aromatic stimulant, once prized as a polychrest remedy, but now little used. Unof. Imperfection {im-per-fek' -shun) [imperfedus, imper- fect]. A physical defect. Imperforate {im-per' -for-at) [in, not ; perforare, to pierce]. Congenitally and abnormally closed ; applied to an opening of the body, as the anus, vagina, etc. See Occlusion and Obstruction. Imperforation {jm-per-for-a' -shun) [imperforatio ; in, not ; perforare, to bore through] . Occlusion ; applied especially to the anus, hymen, vagina, etc. .Imperial {im-pe' -re-al) [imperialis, pertaining to an empire]. Sovereign ; commanding. I. -blue. Same as Spirit-blue. I. Drink or Draft, potus imper- . talis, a solution of a half-ounce of potassium bitar- trate in three pints of hot water, to which are added four ounces of sugar and half an ounce of fresh lemon- peel. It is a good diuretic and refrigerant drink. Unof. I. granum, a farinaceous food for infants. Its composition is: Water 5'49> f^t l.oi, a trace each of grape-sugar and cane-sugar, starch 78.93, soluble carbohydrates 3.56, albuminoids 10.51, gum, cellulose, etc., 0.50, ash 1. 16. I. -green. Same as Schweinfurth-green. I. -violet. Same as Rosan- ilin-violet. Imperialin {im-pe' -re-al-in) [imperialis, pertaining to an empire]. An alkaloid from Fritillaria imperialis, or crown imperial ; it acts upon the heart. Unof. Impermeable {im-per' -me-a-bl) [in, not ; per, through ; meare, to go]. Not capable of being traversed. Impervious {im-per' -ve-us) [in, not ; pervius, capable , of passage]. Not permitting a passage through. Impetiginoid {im-pet-ij ' -in-oid) [impetigo, impetigo ; impetere, to attack; eWpf, like]. Same as Impetigi- nous. Impetiginous {im-pet-ij '-in-tis) [impetigo; impetere, to attack]. Affected with or resembling impetigo. Impetigo [im-pet-i' -go) [impetigo ; impetere, to at- tack]. An acute inflammatory skin-disease character- ized by one or more pea-sized or finger-nail sized, discrete, rounded, and elevated firm pustules, unat- tended, as a rule, by itching or other subjective symp- toms. The pustules are rounded, with thick walls, and are surrounded by areolae. They appear suddenly, and come out one after another during the first week of the attack, attain full size, and then undergo ab- sorption or crusting. No scar or pigmentation fol- lows. The disease is likely to occur in children. I. annua. See Aleppo Boil. I. capitis. Same as Eczema capitis. I. contagiosa, Porrigo contagiosa; an acute, inflammatory, contagious disease, due to the presence of a microorganism, and characterized by the appearance of vesico-pustules or blebs, that dry into flat, straw-colored, granular-looking crusts. The disease occurs usually in children. The vesicles vary in size from minute points to that of a quarter of a dollar, and the contents, at first serous, become sero- purulent, and then dry up. The disease is most prone to attack the face and hands. I., Duhring's, differs from the foregoing by being non-infectious. See Dis- eases, Table of. I. erysipelodes, an old term for Eczema pustulosum, with deeper inflammation than usual. I. granulata. Same as Pediculosis. I. her- petiformis. Herpes pycemicus ; a very rare disease of the skin, characterized by the formation of superficial mili- ary pustules, that may be discrete, but are usually closely set. The contents of the pustules are at first opaque, but become greenish-yellow, and dry up into dirty- brown crusts. The disease spreads until the whole surface is covered with swollen, crusted, and excori- ated patches. It develops first on the inner side of the thighs, and about the groins, navel, breasts, and axillae, and is mainly seen in pregnant women. The termination is fatal, as a rule. I. rodens, an old term for a carcinomatous disease of the skin. I. scabida, an old term for Eczema pustulosum, with unusually thick crusting. I. sparsa, an old term for small, scattered patches of Eczema pustulosum. I., Syph- ilitic. See Syphilid, Impetiginous. Impetus (zV«'-/^-2^) [L.]. 1 . Force or momentum. 2. The onset or attack of a disease, or of a paroxysm. Implantation {im-plan-ta' -shun) [implantatio ; in, in; plantare, to set]. The act of setting in. Also, the transplantation of a tooth from the jaw of one person IMPLEXOUS 606 INCARIAL BONE to that of another. Also, the engrafting of epidermis from the skin of one person upon the body of another. The surgical repair of a wounded intestine by unit- ing the divided ends. I., End-to-end, the approxi- mation of the ends of a divided structure, as of the bovirel, or a nerve. I., Hypodermatic, the intro- duction of a medicine in the form of a soluble solid under the skin for therapeutic purposes. I., Teratologic, a fetal monstrosity consisting of an im- perfect, joined to a perfect fetus. Implexous (im-pleks' -us) \implectere, to entvirine, en- tangle] . In biology, entangled. Implumous (im-plu'-mus) [in, without ; pluma, feathers]. In biology, featherless. Imponderable (im-pon' -der-a-bt) [in, not ; pondera- bilis, that which can be weighed.] That which cannot be weighed. I. Fluids, an obsolete term, formerly applied to light, heat, and electricity. Importation (im-por-ta'-shurC) [in, in ; portare, to carry]. Transference from another locality or foreign country. I. of Disease, the carrying of the conta- gion of disease. Impostjiumate (im-pos'-tu-mSt) [corrupt form of apos- temate^. To suppurate. Imposthume (im-pos' -turn) [a corrupt form of apos- tema\ . An abscess. Impotence {im'-po-tens) [in, not ; possum, to be able]. Lack of power, applied especially to male incapacity of procreation. It is variously qualified as atonic, when due to spinal or central exhaustion ; paralytic or paretic, when the impulse that leads to the perform- ance of the function is abolished ; psychic, when due to fear, bashfulness, or mental disturbance; symp- tomatic, when due to some drug, or to a disturbance of the health. Impregnation (im.-preg-na' -shurC) [impragnatio, the state of being with child]. The state of being preg- nant ; the act of impregnating ; fecundation ; fertili- zation. Impressio [im-presh' -e-o) [L.]. An impression. I. colica, an impression on the under surface of the right lobe of the liver for the hepatic flexure of the colon. I. renalis, an impression behind the /. colica for the right kidney and suprarenal capsule. Impression {im-presh' -un) [impressio; imprimere, to press upon]. A hollow or depression. I. -cup, in dentistry, a cup or tray of metal, porcelain, gutta- percha, or other substance, used for conveying to the mouth and holding in position the material for impres- sions. I., Digital, the mark made by the pressure of a finger upon an edematous limb, or upon the neck in strangulation. I., Rhomboid, a broad impression on the inferior surface of the clavicle, near the sternal end, for the attachment of the rhomboid ligament. Impressionable [im-presh' -un-a-bl') [impressio, an im- pression]. Readily susceptible to impressions. I. Heart, the condition of the heart in which it is very liable to functional disturbance. Impressorium [im-pres-o'-re-um) [L.]. The seat of impressions ; sensorium. Impuberal {im-pu'-ber-al) [impuber, impubes ; in, not; pubes, pubes] . Destitute of hair on the pubes. Not of adult age. Impulse {im'-puls) [impulsus ; impellere, to drive against]. Any communicated force. Also, the shock and reverberation on the chest-walls caused by the beating of the heart. Also, a sudden spontaneous emotion of the mind or influence acting upon it. I., Cardiac, the systolic beat of the heart occurring at the apex, and felt in the fifth intercostal space to the left of the sternum. I., Morbid, any strong, unnatural impulse, especially one of an insane character. Morbid impulses are variously qualified, as animal, destructive, homicidal, suicidal, uncontrollable, etc. Impulsion {im-pul'-shun) [impellere, to impel]. The act of driving or urging onward, either mentally or physically. Impurity {im-pu'-rit-e) [in, not ; /«r«.r,pure or clean]. Want of purity or cleanliness. In chemistry, the con- dition of containing some substance other than that desired. Adulteration. In medicine, a want of clear- ness in the sounds of the heart, but not sufficient to cause a murmur. Imputability [im-pu-tab-il' -it-e) [imputabilitas, imput- ability]. In legal medicine, that degree of mental soundness that makes one responsible for his own acts. In- [L.]. A prefix signifying in or within. Also, a particle signifying negation. -in, or-ine (:»)• A suffix seen in the names of the hal- ogen elements, chlorin, bromin, iodin, and fluorin. Also, a distinctive termination used to distinguish or- ganic bases, particularly the class known as alkaloids. It is also loosely applied to certain organici radicles, and to many glucosids. Inadequacy Un-ad' -e-qwa-se) [in, not ; adeequare, to make equal]. Same as Insufficiency. I., Renal, that state of the kidney in which it is unable to remove from the blood a sufficient proportion of the effete matters that are normally excreted by it. Inanagenesis (in-an-aj-en' -es-is) [Zf, fiber; di/d, again; yiveaiQ, production]. The renewal or regeneration of muscular fiber. Inanaphysis [in-an-af -is-is) [Iq, fiber; avi,, again; ipiiais, growth]. Same as Inanagenesis. Inanimate {in-an'-im-at) [in, not; animus, life]. Not animate ; dead ; without life. Inanition {in-an-ish'-un) [inanire, to make empty]. Emptiness of the organs of digestion from want of food, Also, wasting of the body from starvation or disease. Synonym of Fasting. Inantherate (in-an' -ther-at) [in, without; anthera, anther]. In biology, destitute of anthers. Inantinial [in-an-tin' -e-al) [Iviov, the nape of the neck ; avTt, against; iviov, the nape of the neck]. Inio-an- tinial ; pertaining to the inion and the antinion. Inappendiculate {in-ap-en-dik' -u-laf) [in, without; appendicula, dim. of appendix, an appendage]. In biology, destitute of appendages. Inappetence [in-ap' -et-ens) [in, not ; appetere, to de- sire] . Loss or want of appetite. Inappetentia [in-ap-et-en' -she-ah) [L.]. Synonym of Anorexia. Inarticulate [in-ar-tik' -u-ldi) [in, not ; articulus, a joint]. Not jointed or articulated. Also, vocal sounds not capable of arrangement into syllables, or of being understood. Inassimilable {in-as-im' -il-a-bl) [in, not; assimulare, to make like]. Incapable of assimilation. Incandescent {in-kan-des'-ent) [incandescere, to be- come white-hot]. Emitting luminous heat-rays; heated to the degree of emitting light. I. Electric Light, one consisting of a film of carbon of high re- sistance enclosed in a vacuous glass globe. The film emits a white light when the current passes through it. Incapacity {in-kap-as'-it-e). ^et Doli incapax \ also Impotence. Incarcerated (in-kar' -ser-a-ted) [incarcerare, to im- prison]. Imprisoned; closely constricted. Incarceration [in-kar-ser-a' -shun) [incarceratio ; in, in; carcerare, to imprison]. The condition of im- prisonment or confinement of a part, as of the pla- centa. See also Hernia. Incarial Bone {in-ka'-re-al)\Veraymn, Inca, a prince]. The interparietal bone ; usually in adult man a part- INCARNATIO 607 INCREMENT of the occipital bone. It is called incarial, because, in the skeletons of ancient Peru, the land of the /«- cas, it is often persistent as a distinct bone. Incarnatio (in-kar-na'-she-o) [L.]. Conversion into flesh. I. unguis, the ingrowing of a nail. See Onychogryphosis. Incarnation {in-kar-na' -shuri). i. Granulation ; heal- ing process. 2. See Conception. Incarnlfication [in-kar-nif-ik-a'-shun). Same as In- carnation. Incasement (in-kas'-meni) [in, in ; ME., casse, a box]. The act of inclosing in a case. Incasement, Encase- ment, Theory of, the doctrine that the ovum or sper- matozoid of the first animal of each species incased the germs of all subsequent individuals of the species. This theory was also called that of Preformation. Cf. Evolution. Incest (in'-sest) [incestus, not chaste]. Carnal inter- course between persons of near relationship. Inch [ME., inche, inch]. The twelfth part of a foot. It equals 25.39954 millimeters. Incidence {in' -sid-ens) [incidere, to fall upon]. A falling upon. "The direction in which one body strikes another. I., Line of, the path of a ray or a projec- tile. I., Point of, the point upon which the ray or projectile is reflected or strikes. Incident {in'-sid-ent) \i,ncidere, to fall upon] . Falling upon. Incineration (in-sin-er-a' -shun) [in, in ; cineres, ashes']. The process of heating organic substances in contact with the air until all organic matter is driven ofi', and only the mineral ash remains. Incised (in-Azd') [incidere, to cut]. Cut or notched. I. Wound, one made by a sharp-edged instrument. Incisiform {in-si'-si^orm) [incisor, incisor; forma, form]. In biology, resembling an incisor tooth. Incision {in-sizh' -un) [incisio, or incisura, an incision]. The act of cutting into any tissue of the body. Incisive (in-si'-siv) [incidere, to cut]. Having the quality of cutting. Pertaining to the incisor teeth. I. Canal. See Canal. I. Foramina. See Foramen. I. Fossa. %ee. Fossa. I. Teeth. See Incisor. Incisor (in-si'-sor) [incidere, to cut]. Any cutting in- strument. I. Nerve, the branch of the inferior dental nerve supplying the incisor and canine teeth. See Nerves, Table of. I. Teeth, the four most anterior teeth in each jaw. Incisura (in-si-su' -rah) [incidere, to cut into]. A notch. Also, an incision. I. cerebelli, one of two notches separating the hemispheres of the cerebellum, the one in front and the other behind. I. inter- tragica, the deep notch in the pinna of the ear separ- ating the tragus and the anti-tragus. I. santorini, a fissure extending in a vertical direction through the cartilage of the auditory canal. Incisure (in-sizh'-ur) [incisus, p. p. of incidere, to cut into]. A slit or notch. I.'s of Schmidt and Lan- termann, oblique lines running across the white sub- stance of the inter-annular segments of stretched me- duUated nerve-fibers. Inclaudent {in-klaw' -dent) [in, not ; claudere, to close] . In biology, not closing. Included [in-klad'-ed) [in, in; claudere, to shnt in]. Applied to stamens or pistils that do not project be- yond the corolla, but are contained within it. Inclusio foiialis {in-hlu'-ze-o fe-ta' -lis) [L.]. A form of fetal parasitism in which the parasite is more or less included and overgrown by the tissues of the au- tosite. Inclusion {in-klu' -zhun) [includere, to enclose or shut in]. The state of bemg shut in. Also, the act of shutting in ; that which is shut in. Incoagulable (in-ko-ag' -u-la-bl) [in, not ; coagulare, to curdle]. That which yfill not curdle or coagulate. Incoherence (in-ko-hsr' -ens) [incohcsreniia ; in, not; coharere, to cling together]. The quality of being incoherent ; absence of connection of ideas or of lan- guage ; incongruity or inconsequence of diction. Incoherent (in-ko-he' -rent ) [in, not ; coharere, to stick together] . Not connected or coherent ; without ability to preserve that sequence of words or of ideas that is necessary to convey meaning. Incombustibility (in-com-bus-tib-il' -it-e) [in, not ; comburere, to burn up] . The state of being incombus- tible. Incombustible (in-com-bus' -tih-l) [in, not; comburere, to bum up]. Incapable of burning. Income (Jn'-kum) [ME., income, income]. The amount of food taken per diem. Incompatibility [in-kom-pat-ib-il' -it-e) [in, not ; com- palibilis, compatible]. That relation between medi- cines that renders their admixture unsuitable This incompatibility may be physiologic, chemic, physical, or therapeutic. Incompatible (in-k^m-pat'-ib-l) [in, not ; c^mpntibilis, endurable]. Incapable of mixture without undergo- ing such chemic or physical changes as impair or destroy the usefulness of the compound ; physiologi- cally antagonistic, and therefore useless to prescribe. Incompetence, Incompetency {in-kom' -pet-ens, in- kom' -pe-ten-se) [in, not ; competere, to be capable ; in- competens, insufficient]. Incapacity; inadequacy. Inability to perform natural functions. I., Mental, a disorder of mind sufficient to produce irresponsibility. I., Aortic, Mitral, Pulmonary, Tricuspid. See Endocarditis. I., Valvular. See Insufficiency. Incomplete (in-kom.-plit') [in, not; completus, com- plete]. Partial, as an incomplete hernia. I. Cop- ulation. See Coitus reservatus. I. Hernia. See Hernia. Incongruence (in-kon'-gru-ens) [incongruens, incon- sistent]. Lack of congruence. I., Retinal, lack of correspondence in the situation of the percipient elements of the two retinae. Incongruity {in-kon-gru' -it-e) [in, not; congruere, to go together]. Absence of agreement or of needful harmony. Incontinence {in-kon' -tin-ens) [in, not; continere, to contain]. Inability to control the evacuation of the feces or the urine ; involuntary evacuation. This term is sometimes used as a synonym of venereal indulgence, lewdness. I., Seminal. See Spermatorrhea. Incoordination (in-ko-or-din-a' -shun) [in, not ; con, together; ordinare, to order]. In pathology, the inability to produce voluntary movements in proper combination or sequence ; lack of harmony between the will and the muscular activity. I. of Ocular Muscles. See Insufficiency. Incorporation {in-kor-por-a' -shun) [in, in ; corpus, a body] . The process of intimately mixing the particles of different bodies into a practically homogeneous mass. Incrassate [in-kras'-at) [in, in; crassare, to make thick]. In biology, thickened or swollen. Incrassation (in-kras-a' -shuri) [incrassatio ; in, in; crassus, thick]. The process of malting thick, as by inspissation ; enlargement of a part, due to fatness. Incrassative (in-kras' -at-iv) [incrassare, to make thick]. I. Having the power to make thick or thicker. 2. Formerly a medicine supposed to correct a thinness of the humors. Incremation {in-kre-ma' -shun). See Cremation. Increment {in' -kre-ment) [incrementum, growth]. In- crease or growth. INCREMENTAL INDIA Incremental [in-kre-men'-tal) \incrementum, growth]. Pertaining to increment or growth. I. Lines. See Salter's Lines, in Lines, Table of. Incrustate (in-krus' -tai) [incrustare, to incrust]. Form- ing a crust, or coated with a brittle or granular substance. Incrustation [iti-krus-ta'-shun] [incrustare, to cover with rind]. The formation of a crust. Also, the for- mation of a calcareous deposit in organic tissue. Incubation [in-ku-ba'-shzin) [incubare, to sit on eggs]. I . In medicine, the period between the implanting of the contagium and the development of the disease. For the periods of incubation of some of the most import- ant diseases, see Exanthemata, Table of, 2. The pro- cess of sitting upon eggs to favor hatching. See Table under Pregnancy. Incubator {in'-ku-ba-tor)\incubare, to sit on eggs]. A device for the artificial hatching of eggs or cultivation of microscopic plants ; a couveuse {(j, v.) for the pre- servation of the life of children prematurely born. I., Crede's, a copper tube made with double walls, be- tween which water at the desired temperature may be kept, and withdrawn by means of pipes and stop-cocks. I., Tarnier's, an apparatus for the rearing of prema- ture children, consisting of a box with two compart- ments, one containing the child, the other, and lower compartment, being filled with warm water, so as to keep a uniform temperature of 85°-88° F. 5... ■ ' Incubator or Couveuse. {From FuUerton^s " Obstetric Nursing.") Incubous (in'-ku-bus) [;Kf«^«j, lying upon] . In biol- ogy, with the tip of one leaf lying flat over the base of the next above. Incubus [in'-ku-bus^ [L.]. I. Nightmare ; ephialtes. 2. Formerly, a supposed male demon that beset women, just as the succuba was supposed to consort with men. I. vigilantium. See Daymare. Incudal [ing' -ku-dal) [incus, anvil; incus]. Relating to the incus. Incudate (ing' -ku-dat') [incus, incus]. In biology, having an incus. Incudo- (ing'-ku-do-') [incus, incus]. In composition, signifying relationship to the incus. I.-tnalleal, re- lating to the incus and the malleus. I. -orbicular, re- lating to the incus and the orbicularis. I. -stape- dial, relating to the incus and the stapes. I. -tym- panic, relating to the incus and the tympanum. Incuneation {in-ku-ne-a'-skun) [incuneatio, a wedg- ing]. I. The impaction of a fracture or of the fetal head. 2. The same as Gomphosis. Incurable [in-kUr'-a-bl) [in, not; curare, to care for]. That which cannot be cured or restored to wholeness. Incurvation [in-hir-va' -shun) [incurvare, to bend]. The state of being bent or curved in. Incus (ing'-kus) [L. , an anvil: pi, Incudes']. In bi- ology : (a) The middle one of the chain of bones in the middle ear of a mammal ; (b) A portion of the mouth-parts of a rotifer. Indazole [in'-da-z6l), CjHgNj. A substance formed by heating hydrazin-cinnamic acid. It crystallizes from hot water in colorless needles, melting at 146° C, and boiling at 270° C. Indecent {in-de' -sent) [indecens, unbecoming]. Not decent ; obscene. I. Exposure. See Exhibitionism. Indecision {in-de-sizh' -un) [in, not ; decisio ; decidere, to decide] . Morbid irresolution ; want of firmness or of will ; abulia or hypobulia. Indehiscent [in-de-his' -ent) [in, not ; hiscere, to gap]. In biology, not opening spontaneously. Indene {in-dln'), CjHj. A hydrocarbon that occurs with coumarone in that fraction of coal-tar boiling at i76°-i82° C. It is a clear oil, boiling at I77°-I78° C. Its sp. gr. is 1.040 at 15° C. Indentation Jin-den-ta' -shuti) [in, in ; dens, a tooth] . A condition of being notched or serrated. I. of Tongue, the notching of the borders of. the tongue made by the teeth, and visible especially during in- flammation of the tongue. Index {in'-deks) [L.]. The first finger. Also, the re- lation or ratio of one part to another, taken as a standard. I., Altitudinal, the height of a skull multiplied by 100 and divided by its length. I., Alveolar, the degree of prominence of the jaws, measured by the basi-alveolar length multiplied by 100 and divided by the basi-nasal length. When the alveolar index is less than 98, the skull is orthognathic, when more than 103, prognathic, when intermediate, mesognathic. I., Basilar. Same as /., Alveolar. I. of Breadth. 'SiKaie. as I., Cephalic. I., Cephalic, the breadth of a skull multiplied by 100 and divided by its length. When this is below 75, the skull is called dolichocephalic, when above 80, it is called brachy cephalic, between these limits, mesaticephalic . I., Cephalo-orbital, the ratio of the solid contents of the two orbits to the contents of the cranial cavity, multiplied by 100. I., Cephalo-spinal, the ratio of the measure of the foramen magnum in square miUi- meters to that of the cranial cavity in cubic centi- meters, multiplied by 100. I., Cerebral, the ratio of the greatest transverse to the greatest antero-posterior diameter of the cranial cavity, multiplied by 100. I. -digit, the forefinger. I., Facial, the ratio of the distance of the ophryon from the alveolar point to the transverse diameter measured from one zygoma to the other, multiplied by 100. I. -finger, the forefinger. I., Gnathic, the ratio of the distance between the basion and the alveolar point to the distance between the basion and the nasal point, multiplied by 100. I., Nasal, the greatest nasal width multiplied by 100, and divided by the nasal length. When the nasal index ex- ceeds 53) 'he nose is platyrhine, when less than 48, it is said to be leptorhine, if between these numbers, meso- rhine. I., Orbital, the orbital height multiplied by 100 and divided by the orbital width. If the orbital index be above 89, it is called megaseme, if under 84, microseme, if between, mesoseme. I., Refractive, the coefBcient of refraction. I., Thoracic, taken at its widest part is 100 times the sagittal, divided by the transverse measurement. I., Vertical, of Height, the ratio of the vertical diameter of the skull to the maximum antero-posterior diameter, multiplied by loo. India [in'-de-ah) [Asiatic]. A country of Asia. I. Liver, a condition of hyperemia and enlargement of the liver, associated with general anemia and cachexia, cyanosis, anasarca, and irritable and irregular pulse. I. -rubber, the prepared concrete juice obtained mainly from an Indian tree, Ficus elasticus, and a South American tree, Siphonia elastica. It is valuable INDIAN 609 INDIVIDUAL chiefly for its elasticity and its insolubility in water. It is with difficulty soluble in oil of ttirpentine, but is highly soluble in carbon disulphid. It melts at 248° F. , and remains unchanged up to 500° F. It is hardened and used in mechanical dentistry as a base for artificial teeth. It is also called Caoutchouc, q. v. Indian (in'-de-an) \_Jndia] . Pertaining to India, the West Indies, or to the aboriginal Americans. I. Bas- ket, a hollow cylinder woven of twigs of the willow, or of strips of other wood, used in applying extension to a dislocated limb. The greater the extension, the more firmly does the device cling to the surface. I. -blue. Same as Indigo. I . Black-root, the root of Pterocaulon pycnostachium. It has reputed alterative properties. Dose of the fluid extract rt\_xv-xxx . Unof I. Corn. See Zea mays. I. Hemp. See Cannabis. I. Liquo- rice. See Abrus. I. Physic, American Ipecac- uanha, the bark of the root of Gillenia trifoliata, a mild emetic and cathartic. Dose of the fluid extrsict, n\,x-xl. Unof. I. Sarsaparilla. See Hemidesmus . X. Tobacco. See Lobelia. I. Turnip. See Dragon Root. I. Madder. Same as Mungeet. I. Meal, corn-meal. I. Ochre. Same as Ochre. I. Plague. Synonym of the Plague, q. v. I. Potato. See Apios. I. -purple. See Pigments, Conspectus of. I. -red. Same as Colcothar and Ochre. I. -yellow. Same as Purree. Indican {in'-dik-an) [indicum, indigo], C2gH3jNOi,. The natural glucosid by the decomposition of which indigo-blue is produced from the various species of indigo-producing plants. It forms a transparent brown syrup, the aqueous solution of which has a yellow color, bitter taste, and slightly acid reaction. It is occasionally detected in the urine. Indicant (m'-dik-ant) [indicans ; indicare, to indicate] . I. Serving as an index or as an indication. 2. A fact or symptom that indicates a certain treatment ; an indi- cation. Indicanuria (in-dik-an-u' -re-ah) [indicum, indigo; oipiw, urine]. The morbid excess of indican in the urine. Indication (in-di/i-a'-shun) [indicatio, an indication]. A sign or symptom, especially when it points out the proper course of treatment ; the inference drawn from the various symptoms or signs in any particular case. Indicator {in' -dik-a-tor) [incHcare , to ^oml out]. I. The index-finger. 2. The extensor indicis muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Indicium {in-dish'-e-um) [L. : pi., Indicia"]. A symp- tom or sign ; a discriminating or diagnostic mark. Indifferent [in-dif ' -er-ent) {in, not ; differens, differ- ent]. I. Not specially differentiated. 2. Not gcted upon in a special way by any reagent. IndifTerentism {in-dif '-er-ent-izm) [in, not ; differens, different] . Lack of special differentiation. Indifulvin {vn-de-ful ' -vin) [IvdmSv, indigo ; fulvus, yellow]. A yellowish substance occurring in two vari- eties, and produced by the action of dilute acids on indican. Indifuscin {in-de-fus' -in) [lvStK6v, indigo ; fuscus, dark], C^jH^uN^Og. A substance produced by the ac- tion of dilute acids on indican. Indigenous {in-dij'-en-us) \indu, in ; gignere, to be- get]. Native, and not exotic. Originating or belong- ing to a certain locality or country. Indigestion {in-di-jes' -chun) [indigestio ; in, not ; digerere, to digest]. Same as Dyspepsia. Indigitation {in-dij-it-a' -shun) [in, in ; digitus, a fin- ger]. A displacement of a part of the intestine by in- tussusception. Indiglucin Un-de-glu' -sin) [Ivdmdv, indigo ; y/lu/rfif , sweet], C|,H,„08. A yellow syrup, one of the decom- position-products of indican. 39 Indiglycin {in-de-gli'-sin). Same as Indiglucin, Indigo {in/-dig-o) [ivSmov, indigo]. A blue pigment formed during the fermentation of Indigofera anil, I. tinctoria, and other species. It is insoluble in alcohol or water, but freely soluble in strong sulphuric acid ; it is used mainly in the arts as a dye-stuff. Chemic- ally, it is a mixture of several principles, the chief being a blue coloring-matter, indigotin. Therapeutic- ally, it is an irritant to the mucous membrane of the alimentary tract, producing intense nausea. It has been used advantageously in epilepsy, chorea, and convulsions, in doses varying from g ij- ^ ij daily. Unof. I. -blue, CjjHjdNjO^. Indigotin ; a chromo- gen found in ordinary indigo, of which it constitutes the principal ingredient. It is also derived from wood {Isatis tinctoria). It occurs in the plant as a glucosid, indican. Indigo-blue is a dark-blue pow- der with a reddish glimmer ; it becomes metallic and copper-like under pressure. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether, and is odorless and tasteless. It dissolves in hot anilin with a blue color, and crystallizes from hot oil of turpentine in beautiful blue plates. I. -brown, a resinous substance of a brown color, ob- tained by boiling an aqueous solution of indican with an acid. It is composed of a mixture of indihumin, CiijHgNOj, and indirhetin, CjjHijNOj, the former soluble and the latter insoluble in alcohol. I.-car- min, a sodium salt of indigotin-disulphonic acid; it is used as a blue dye, a washing-blue, and is a delicate test for sugar. I.-carmin Test for Sugar; put in 30 minims of water one part each of indigo-carmin and sodium carbonate ; heat gently to solution ; add one drop of urine, and boil quietly. A change to red or yellow indicates sugar. See Tests, Table of. I. Extract. See Indigo-carmin. I. -red. See Indi- rubin. I. -white, CjgHjjN^Oj. Indigogen; a sub- stance obtained by the reduction of indigo-blue. It occurs as a white crystalline powder, soluble in alco- hol, ether, and the alkalies, with a yellowish color. It rapidly reoxidizes to indigo-blue by exposure to the air. I., Wild. See Baptisia. Indigogen {in'-dig-o-jen). See Indigo-white and Uro- xanthin. Indigotin {in-dig-o'-tin). See Indigo-blue. Indigouria {in-dig-o-u' -re-ah) [IvSmdv, indigo ; ohpov, urine] . The presence of indigo in the urine ; it is due to a decomposition of indican. See Cyanurin. Indihumin {in-de-hu' -min). See Indigo-brown. Indirect {in-di-rekt') [in, not ; dirigere, to be in a straight line]. Not direct. I. Division of Cells. See Karyokinesis. I. Segmentation. See Karyo- kinesis. I. Vision, that perception of an object in which the image falls on some other spot than the macula. Indirhetin {in-dir-e'-tin). See Indigo-brown. Indirubin {in-de-ru' -bin) \\,vSlk.6v ,m&\%o ; rubum,rtA], Cj5Hj„N202. A substance isomeric with indigo- blue, and very similar in its entire character to this substance. It is produced by effecting the conden- sation of indoxyl with isatin by means of a dilute soda-solution. It is also called indigo-red. In&ism. {in' -dis-in). Same as Mauvein, q. v. Indisposition {in-dis-po-zish' -un) [indispositio, unsuit- ableness]. Any slight illness or disturbance of the functions of the body. Indissoluble {in-dis'-o-lu-bl). See Insoluble. Indium {in'-de-um) [indicum, indigo, so-called from its indigo-blue spectral line]. A rare metal. Symbol In., atomic weight, 113.7. It's very soft, and resem- bles lead in its properties. See Elements, Table of. Individual {in-div-id' -u-al) [in, not; dividere, to di- vide] . A single being ; one of a group or species. INDOGEN 610 INFANTILISM In biology, the total result of the development of a single ovum. I. Prepotency. See Prepotency. Indogen [in'-do-jen). Same as Uroxanthin. Indoin (in' -do-in) '[indicum,va.d!i%o'\. A blue substance produced from propiolic acid on adding metallic iron, zinc, or copper. Indol [in'-dol) [indicum, indigo], CgHjN. A product of intestinal putrefaction, and occurring in the feces, to which, vfith skatol,it imparts the unpleasant odor. It is also formed when proteids are heated with alkalies, or by superheating with water to 200° C. It is a crys- talline body melting, when pure, at 53° C. It is solu- ble in boiling water, alcohol, and ether. Indolemia (in-do-le' -me-ah) [ivdiif, Indian ; "koifi&q, pestilence]. Asiatic cholera. Indolent (in' -do-lent) \in, not; dolere, to feel pain]. Sluggish. Without pain ; applied to ulcers, tumors, etc. Indophenin (in-do-fe'-nin) [indicum, indigo; phenyl'\, CjjHjNOS. A bluish compound formed by the ac- tion of a solution of isatin, I part to 30 parts of HjSOj, on benzene. Indophenol (in-do-fe'-nol), \indicum, indigo ', phenyl"^. Same as Naphthol-blue. I. -blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Indosynclonus (in-do-sin,' -Mo-mis') [jvdiif, Indian; cvYiOMveiv, to dash together]. Same as Beriberi. Indoxyl (in-doks'-il) [IvdcKdv, indigo; of^f, sharp], CgHjNO. A substance isomeric with oxindol. It re- sults on the elimination of carbon dioxid from indoxylic acid. It is an oil, not volatile in aqueous vapor, readily soluble in water, showing yellow fluor- escence. Indoxylic Acid [in-doks-il'-ik). See Acid. Induced (in-dUsd') [inducere. to lead into]. Made or produced by the agency of any means. I. Cur- rent. See Current. Induction (in-duk' -shun) \inductio ; inducere, to lead in]. The establishment of an abstract law or pro- position drawn from specific or particular facts. I. -balance, in physics, an instrument used for the detection of currents too weak to affect the galvano- meter. I. -current. See Current. I., Faradic. See Faradic. I. of Labor, the bringing on of labor "by artificial means. I. -coil. See Coil. Inductorium (in-duk-to' -re-um) [L., a covering]. A magneto-induction apparatus for physiologic purposes. Indulin-blue. Same as Coupier's Blue. Indulins (in' -du-linz) [ivdi/crfv, indigo ; ii/li?, matter]. Members of the safranin class of dye-stuffs. They are violet-blue to gray-blue in color, and are formed upon heating various azo-azobenzenes and amido-azo- benzenes with anilin hydrochlorids. They are also called nigrosins. They are used to impart a blue color to wool, cotton, and silk. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Indumentum (in-du-men' -turn) [induere, to put on (clothes)]. In biology, the plumage of a bird or the pubescence of a plant. Induplicate (in-du' -plik-dt) \in, in, on; duplicare, to double]. In biology, applied to leaves, petals, or sepals while in the bud, which have their edges bent or rolled inward. Indurascent (in-du-ras' -ent) \in, in ; durare, to harden]. In biology, gradually hardening. Indurated (in' -du-ra-tcd) [indurare, to harden]. Hardened. I. Bubo, a hard inflammation of the lym- phatic glands, usually of syphilitic origin. \n6.UTa.\.io(in-du-ra'-she-o)\i-,.']. Induration. I. telse cellulosae. See Sclerema neonatorum. Induration (in-du-ra' -shun) \induratio, an induration]. The hardening of a tissue without alteration of struc- ture ; a hardened mass or lump. I., Black. See /., Gray. I., Brown, a hardening of lung-tissue, with deposition of pigmentary matter. I. of Chancre, a hard nodule, or a cup-like ring, about the margin of a chancre or syphilitic ulcer. I., Fibroid. See /. , Gray, and Cirrhosis. I., Granular. See Cirrhosis. I., Gray, the appearance of the lung in chronic pneu- monia, the cut-surface of the lung being smooth, glistening, gray, and dense. It is also called black ox fibroid induration. I., Red, a firm, resistant, red-J dened condition of the lung in chronic pneumonia. / Indusiate (in-du' -ae-at) [induere, to put on]. In bi- ology, having an indusium. Indusium (in-du' -ze-um) [induere, to put on : pL, In-, dusia"]. I. In biology : (a) that portion of the epider- mis of a fern-frond that covers the fruit-dots or sori ; (b) the case or covering of an insect larva. 2. The vestigial layer of the cerebral cortex existing with greater or less distinctness upon the dorsal surface of the callosum ; it is also seen in many other mammals beside man. It is called also Indusium griseum. In&nvix (in-du'-ve-e). [L. : ^/. Clothes]. In biology, persistent withered leaves. Induviate (in-du' -ve-at) [induvi{S , clothes]. In biology, clothed with old or withered parts. Inebriant [in-e' -bre-ant)[inebrians ; inebriare, to make drunk]. I. Intoxicant; causing inebriation. 2. An agent or drug that causes inebriation. Inebriation (in-e bre-a' -shun) [inebriatio ; inebriare, to make drunk]. The condition of drunkenness. Inebriety (in-e-bri' -et-e) [inebrietas, drunkenness]. In- ebriation ; especially habitual drunkenness. Inedia (in-e' -de-ah) [in, not; edere, to eat]. Synonym of Fasting. Inein (in'-e-in). A crystalline substance obtained from the hairs of the seeds of Strophanthus . Inenucleable (in-e-nu'-kle-a-bl) [in, not; enucleare, to shell out]. Not removable by enucleation. Inequivalve [in-e-kwi' -valv) [in, not ; equus, equal ; valva, the leaf of a door]. In biology, applied to shells having unequal valves. Inerm (in-erm') [in, without ; arma, arms]. In biol- ogy, without hooks, thorns, or prickles ; unarmed. Inertia (in-er' -she-ah) [iners, inactive, unskilled ; in, not; a?-j, skill]. Sluggishness. In physics, the ina- bility of matter to change its condition except by means of an external force. In physiology, inactivity of any organ or function of the body. I. of Drugs, lack of power, from inferior quality, to produce cus- tomary physiologic reactions. I., Intestinal, torpor of intestinal action, or peristalsis. I., Time. See Time. I., Uterine, the failure or sluggishness of uterine contractions in labor. In extremis (in eks-tre' -mis) [in, in ; extremis, last]. A Latin phrase, meaning at the e7id ; at the point of death or in extreme danger of speedy death. Infancy (in'-fan-se) [infans, a little child]. Early childhood. I., Diseases of, those to which infants are peculiarly liable. Infant (in' -font) [infans, a little child] . A babe. Accord- ing to English law, one not having attained the age of twenty-one. I., Overlaying of, suftbcation of an infant by the lying upon it of an adult in sleep. I. -shelter, a day-nursery where the infant-children of working mothers are kept at a moderate expense during the hours of labor. In France, a crlche. Infanticide (in-fanf -is-'id) [infans, a little child; ccedere, to kill]. The murder of an infant. Infantile (in' -fan-til) [infantilis, of an infant]. Per- taining to infancy. I. Paralysis. See Paralysis. Infantilism (in-fan' -til-izm) [infans, a little child]. The persistence of the characters of childhood mto INFARCT 611 INFLORESCENCE the period of normal adolescence or even into adult life. Infarct {in-farkt') \infarcire, to fill in]. An obstruc- tion or plug. I., Anemic, a pale wedge-shaped area in an organ due to the occlusion of a blood-vessel by an embolus, the tissues in the distribution of the vessel undergoing coagulation-necrosis. I., Hemor- rhagic, a dark-red wedge-shaped area in an organ due to the occlusion of a vessel by an embolus, with the subsequent extravasation of blood into the tissues be- yond the point of obstruction. The base of the wedge is toward the periphery, the apex toward the hilum of the organ. The condition is most common in the spleen, the kidney, and the lung. I., Uric Acid, the deposition of crystals of uric acid in the renal tubules of the newborn. Infarction (in-fark' -shun) \infarcire ,\.o stuff in]. The plugging of a vessel by an embolus ; the masses of extravasated blood in the tissues in embolism ; obstruc- tion ; infarct. Infarctus [in-fark' -tits). See Infarct. Infect {in-feit') \inficere, to put in, or corrupt]. To communicate or transmit the specific virus or germs of disease. Infection [in-fek'-skun) [infectio, infection]. The communication of disease-germs or virus, by any means, direct or indirect. Infectious {in-fek'-shtts) [infectio, infection]. Having the quality of transmitting disease or the agents that cause disease. See also Contagious. I. Endocardi- , tis, ulcerative endocarditis ; malignant endocarditis. I. Pseudo-rheumatism. See Pseudo-rheumatism. Infective [in-fek'-tif) [infectio, infection]. Infectious. I. Angioma. See ^ngioma serpiginosum. Infectivity (in-fek-Hv'-it-e) [inficere, to infect]. In- fectiousness ; the quality of being infectious. Infecundity [in-fe-kun' -dit-e) \in, not ; fecundus, fruit- ful]. Sterility, barrenness. Inferent (in'-fer-ent"). Same as Afferent. Inferior [in-fe' -re-or) [comp. ot inferus, low]. Lower. Inferius [in-fe'-re-us) [L.]. Inferior. Infero-lateral [in'-fer-o-iat'-er-al) [inferus, low; latus, side]. Situated below and to one side. Infero-posterior {in' -fer-o-pos-te' -re-or) [inferus, low ; fosterius, posterior]. Situated backward and below. Infertility \in-fer-til' -it-e) [in, not; ferlilis, fertile]. Same as Sterility. Infibulation [in-fb-u-la'-shun) [in, in; fibula, a clasp]. An operation formerly employed to prevent the retrac- tion of the prepuce over the glans penis in order to prevent copulation. It consisted in passing a ring through opposite edges of the prepuce. In a similar manner a ring was passed through the labia of the vagina in order to insure the chastity of females. Infiltrate {in' -f.l-trat') [in, in ; filtrare, to strain]. To ooze into the interstitial spaces of a tissue ; also, the substance thus having passed. Infiltration {in-fl-tra' -shun) [infiltratio , infiltration]. The abnormal diffusion of any fluid from without into an organ or tissue, affecting it mechanically so as to destroy its function. I. of Bone, a tuberculous in- filtration of bone, consisting either of matter that . becomes puriform, or else of gray cancellous matter. I., Calcareous, deposits of lime or other calcium salts within any tissue of the body. I., Cellular, the primary exudation into a tissue, conveying white corpuscles. I., Fatty, the presence of oil or fat- globules in the interior of a cell. I., Gray, an opaque condition of the lung found after death from acute tuberculosis, the lung being of a dirty ash-gray color, with no appearance of lobulation or of the normal pul- monary structure. I., Plastic, that of a character from which new normal growth may develop. I., Red, a form of infiltration of the lung in acute tuberculosis in which the lung presents a more or less hyperemic ap- pearance, and is soft and granular. I., Sanguineous, an extravasation of blood. An ecchymosis. I., Tu- berculous, a confluence of tuberculous granulations. Infinite (in' -fin-it) [infinitus, boundless]. Immeasur- ably or innumerably great. I. Distance, a term in optics to denote parallelism of the light rays. Absolute parallelism does not exist, but, practically, rays from an object 20 feet away are so considered and so called. Infinitesimalism {in-fin-it-es' -im-al-iam) [infinitus, boundless]. The doctrine that favors the infinitesimal dilution of drugs with the view of potentizing them, or developing their power over disease. Infirm {in-ferm') [infirmus, not strong or firm]. Weak or feeble. Infirmary {in-fer' -ma-re) [infirmarium, an infirmary]. A hospital. An institution where ill and infirm people are maintained during the period of treatment. Infirmity {in-fer' -mit-e) [infimtitas, weakness]. Weak- ness. . Feebleness due to disease or senility. Inflame {in-flam') [inflammare , to set on fire]. To undergo inflammation. To become unduly heated and turgid with blood, owing to a morbid condition. Inflammatio {in-flam-a'-she-o) [L.]. A burning. I. ventriculi. See Gastritis. Inflammation {in-flam-a'-shun) [inflammatio, a burn- ing]. A condition of nutritive disturbance character- ized by hyperemia, with proliferation of the cells of a tissue or organ, and attended by one or more of the symptoms of pain, heat, swelling, discoloration, and disordered function. I., Adhesive, a synonym of Healing by First Intention. I., Aplastic, and I., Plastic. See Lymph. I., Granulomatous, a chronic form of inflammation occurring usually in scrofulous or syphilitic individuals, with the formation of granulation- tissue of low vitality. This tissue breaks down into small abscesses, the latter uniting to form fistulous tracks without any tendency to the formation of cicatrices. I . of the Periosteum of a Tooth, periodontitis. See Odontalgia, and Periostitis, Dental. I., Pyo-gangren- ous, a form of rapidly progressive inflammation, with the production of a gangrenous focus, surrounded by a zone of suppuration. I., Regenerative, that form of inflammation which is followed by cicatrization. See also Theories of Inflammation. Inflammatory {in-flam' -at-o-re) [inflammare, to in- flame]. Pertaining to inflammation. I. Blush, synonym of Erythema. I. Corpuscle. See Cor- puscle, Gluge's. I. Exudation, the fluid exuded from an inflamed part. I. Fever. See Traumatic Fever. I. Focus, the central or culminating spot of an inflamed part, or that at which suppuration begins. I. Fungoid Neoplasm. See Mycosis. I. Infiltra- tion, the exudation escaping into the interstices of an inflamed tissue and not removed by the lymphatics. I. Zone, the area of gangrenous formation bounded by the line of demarcation between dead and living tissue. Also, the line of demarcation. Inflation {in-fla' -shun) [inflatio; inflare, to puff up]. Distention with air. In surgery, distention of the bowels with air, to relieve obstruction ; or of the lungs, for artificial respiration ; ot of the Eustachian tube, for therapeutic purposes. Inflected {in-flek'-ted) [in, in ; flectere, to bend]. In biology, bent inward or downward. Inflexed {in-flekst') [inflectere, to bend]. In biology, bent. Same as Inflected. Inflorescence {in-flor-es' -ens) [in, in -jflorescere, to begin to blossom] . In biology : {a) blossoming, flowering ; {b) a flower-cluster. INFLUENZA 612 INFUSUM Influenza (in-flu-en' -%ah) [Ital., an influence, formerly thought to be due to the stars]. A specific, conta- gious, epidemic affection characterized by catarrhal in- flanmiation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, accompanied by a muco-purulent discharge, fever, and prostration. There is a strong tendency to the development of broncho-pneumonia. At times symptoms referable to the gastro-intestinal system pre- dominate ; at other times the syniptoms are mainly re- ferred to the nervous system. The aged, weak, and young often succumb. The disease is popularly called by its French name, la grippe. See Bacillus of In- Jluenza, under Bacteria, Synonyniatic Table of. Influx (in'fluks) \in, in ; fluere, to flow] . An inflow. The act of flowing in. Infossous (infos'-us) \in, in ; fodere, to dig]. In bi- ology, sunlc in or depressed. Cf. Introvenium. Infra- (in'frah-') [infra, below]. A Latin prefix meaning below or beneath. Infra-axillary (in' frah-aks' -il-a-re) [infra, below ; axilla, the arm-pit]. Below the arm-pit. Infra-branchial [infra-brang'-ke-al) [infra, below; bronchia, gills]. Beneath or below the gills. Infra-buccal {in-fra-buk'-al) [infra, below; bucca, the cheek] . In molluscs beneath the buccal mass. Infraclavicular [in-frah-klav-ik' -u-lar) [infra, be- low; clavicula, the collar-bone]. Below the collar- bone. Infracommissure [in-frah-com' -is-ilr) [infra, below ; committere, to unite]. The inferior commissure of the brain. Infraconstrictor {infrah-kon-sirik'-ior'). [infra, be- low ; constringere , to bind together] . The inferior constrictor of the pharynx. See Muscles, Table of Infracortical (infrah-kor'-tik-al) [infra, below; cortex, a bark] . Lying beneath the cortical substance of the brain. Infracostal [in-frah-kos'-tal) [infra, below; costa,-d. rib]. Below the ribs. \T\{Tacosia\Ks[infrah-kos-ta'-lez). See Muscles, Table of. Infraction (in-frak' -shun) [in, in; f 'actio, breaking]. Incomplete fracture of a bone. Also, an indentation or driving forward. Infradiaphragmatic [in-frah-di-afrag-mat' -Hi] [infra, below; &ia, across; ^piyfia, wall]. Situated below the diaphragm. Infraglottic [in-frah-glof -ik) [infra, below ; y/luTTif, the glottis]. Below the glottis. Infrahyoid (in-frak-hi'-oid) [infra, below; voei&ij^, hyoid] . Situated below the hyoid bone. Inframammary [in-frah-mam' -ar-e) [infra, below ; mamma, the breast]. Below the mammary apparatus. Inframaxillary [in-frah-maks' -il-a-re') [infra, below ; maxilla, the jaw]. Below or under the jaw. Infraorbital [in-frah-or' -bit-tal') [infra, below ; or- bita,or\Ai\. Beneath or below the orbit. I. Artery, the branch of the internal maxillary artery traversing the infraorbital canal. I. Canal, the canal in the superior maxillary bone that transmits the infraorbital vessels and nerve. I. Foramen, the aperture in the superior maxillary bone through which the infraorbital artery passes. I. Groove, the groove in the superior maxillary bone leading to the infraorbital canal. I. Nerve, the name of the superior maxillary nerve at its entrance into the infraorbital canal. Infrapubian (in-frah-pu' -bc-an) [infra , he\ov/; pubes, the pubes] . Situated beneath the pubes. Infrarectus {in frah-re/y -tus) [infra, below ; rectus, straight]. The inferior rectus muscle of the eye. See Muscles, Table of. Infrascapular (in-frah-skap' -u-lar) [infra, below ; scapula, shoulder-blade]. Below the shoulder-blade. Infraspinatus (in-frah-spi na'-tus) . See Muscles, Table of Infraspinous {in-frah-spi' -nus) [infra, below ; spina, a spine]. Beneath a spine, as of the scapula or a ver- tebra. I. Fascia, the dense membranous fascia cov- ering the infraspinous muscle. I. Muscle, See Muscles, Table of Infrasternal {in-frah-ster'-nal) [infra, below; ster- num, breast-bone]. Below the sternum. I. De- pression, the depression of the ensiform cartilage, commonly called the pit of the stomach. Infratemporal {in-frah-tem'-po-ral) [infra, below; tempora, the temple] . Situated beneath the temporal bone. Infrathoracic {in-frah-tho-ra' -sik) [infra, below ; Bit- pa^, thorax]. Below the thorax. Infratrochlea [in-frah-trok' -le-a/i) [infra, below ; trochlea, a. pulley]. Below the trochlea. I. Nerve. See Nei-ves, Table of. Infraturbinal {in-frah-tur'-bin-al) [infra, below ; tur- bo, a wheel, top]. Inferior turbinal. See Bones., Table of. Infravaginal (in-frah-vaf -in-al) [infra, below; vagina, sheath]. Situated below the vaginal vault. Infriction {in-frik' -shun) [infrictio, a rubbing in] . The rubbing of a surface with an ointment or liniment. Infundibula {in-fun-dib' -u-lah) [L. ] . Plilral of Infun- dibulum, q. v. I. of Kidneys, the calices or the divisions of the pelvis of the kidney formed by the confluence of the calices. I. of Lungs, the elongated sacs (set about with air-cells) in which the smallest air- passages terminate. I, subgenitalia. 'Sie.e. Denmia. Infundibular [in-fun-dib' -u-lar) [infundibulum, a fun- nel] , Of the nature of or belonging to an infundi- bulum. Infundibuliform (in-fun-dib-u' -lif-orm) [infundibulum, a funnel; forma, a form]. Funnel-shaped. I. Fascia, the funnel-shaped membranous layer that invests the spermatic cord. 1. Process, the cremas- teric process of the fascia transversalis. Infundibulum {in-fun-dib' -u-lum) [infundere, to pour into]. In biology, a term frequently and variously ap- plied to funnel-shaped organs or parts. I. of Brain, a funnel-shaped mass of gray matter attached to the pituitary body. I. of Cochlea, a small cavity at the end of the modiolus. I. of Heart, the arterial cone from which the pulmonary artery arises, I. of Ovi- duct, the cavity formed by the fringes at the ovarian end of an oviduct. Infuscate {in-fus'-hat) [infuscare, to make dark or dusky]. In biology, clouded or darkened. Infused {in-fuzd') [infundere, to font in]. Extracted; steeped. I. Oils. See Olea infusa. Infusion {in-fu'-ahun) [infiisio, infusum, an infusion]. I. See Infusum. 2. The slow and gentle injection of water or of a medicated liquid into a vein, or into parenchymatous tissues. Infusor {in-fu'-zor) [L.]. An instrument by means of which water or a medicated liquid may be made to flow slowly into a vein, or into the parenchymatous tissues. Infusoria (in-fu-so' -re-ah) [infusum, an infusion]. A class of microscopic, ciliated Protozoa. They are so called because they often develop in great numbers in organic infusions. They reproduce by fission, Infusum {in-fu'-sum) [L. ; gen., Infusi;pl., Infusd\. An infusion. In pharmacy, a preparation made by treating a vegetable .substance with hot or with cold water, without boiling. Infusions should, in the ab- sence of specific directions, contain I part of the sub- stance to lo of water. There are four official infusa, and two in the National Formulary, besides a large number in the British Pharmacopeia. INGESTA 613 INJECT Ing&sta [in-jes'-iak) \ingerere, to carry into]. Sub- stances introduced into the body, especially for pur- poses of alimentation. Ingestion (in-jes' -chun) [ingestio, ingestion]. I. The introduction of food or nutrition into the mouth or stomach. 2. The process by which a cell takes up foreign matters, such as bacilli or smaller cells. Ingluvial {in-glu' -ve-al ) [ingluvies, the crdp]. Per- taining to the ingluvies. Ingluvies (in-glu' -ve-lz) [in, in ; glutire, to swallow]. In biology, the most anterior dilatation of the alimen- tary canal, as the crop or craw in birds, the paunch or rumen in mammals, the sucking-stomach of insects. Ingluvin {in'-glu-vin) [ingluvies, crop or craw of a bird] . A preparation obtained from the gizzard of the fowl, Pulltis gallinaceus, used as a substitute for pep- sin and pancreatin. It is very efficient in the vomit- ing of pregnancy. Dose gr. x-xx. Ingot {ing'-got) [ME., ingot, a mold for molten metal]. A bar 6f gold, silver, or other metal, cast in a mold. Ingrassias, Processes, or Wings of. The lesser wings of the sphenoid bone. Ingravescent (fn-grilv-es' -en() [ingravescere, to become heavy]. Increasing in weight or in severity. I. Apoplexy. See Apoplexy. Ingravidation {in-grav-id-a'-skun). See Impregna- tion. Ingiedieat (in-gre^-de-ent) [ingrec/i, to itep into]. Any substance that enters into the formation of a com- pound. Ingrowing Nail. See Onychogryposis. Inguen (ingf-gwen) [L.]. The groin, q. v. \a%;axai\ (in> -gwin-al) [inguen, the groin]. Pertaining to the groin. I. Arch, the crural arch. I. Canal, the canal transmitting the spermatic cord in the male, and the round ligament in the female. It is situated parallel to and just above Poupart's ligament. I. Glands, the superficial and the deep glands of the groin. I. Hernia. See Hernia. See, also. Liga- ment, Region, Ring. I. Plague. Synonym of iVa^f. Inguino- (in' -gwin-o-) [iHgaen, the groin]. In com- position, pertaining to the groin. I. -abdominal, pertaining conjointly to the groin and the abdomen. I. -crural, relating to the groin and the thigh. I.- cutaneous, relating to the integument of the groin. Ingurgitation (in-gur-jit-a' -shun) [iiigurgitatio, a swal- lowing]. I. The act of swallowing ; deglutition. 2. Excess in eating or drinking. Inhalation {in-ha-la'-shun) [inhalatio ; inhalare, to draw in]. The in-breathing of air or other vapor. I. -diseases, those due to the inspiration of air contain- ing dust or any finely divided matter. See Grinders' Disease. I. of Medicines, the introduction into the air-passages or lungs of medicinal substances in the form of vapor or fine spray. Inhale {in-hal') [inhalare, to breathe in]. To inspire or draw air or other vapor into the lungs. Inhaler (in-ka'-ler) [inhalare, to breathe in] . An in- strument for inhaling a gas or the vapor of a liquid medicine. I., Nitrous-oxid, a breathing-tube for the inhalation of nitrous-oxid gas ; it is constructed of vulcanized rubber or metal. See Anesthetic. Inherent (in-he' -rent) [inhcerere, to cleave to]. Con- stitutional ; innate ; natural to the organism ; not casual or derivative. Inheritance (in-her' -it-ans) [F., inheriter, to inherit]. The act of inheriting. I., Particulate, the reappear- ance of single peculiarities in the oflfspring. I., Use, the inheritance of acquired characters ; 'the acquisition by the offspring of changes in the body-cells of the parent. Inherited [in-her' -it-ed) [in, in, to; heres, heir]. De- rived from an ancestor. I. Disease, a disease that has been transmitted to a child by its parent. Inhibit (in-hib'-it) [inhibere, to check]. To check, restrain, or suppress. Inhibition (in-hib-ish' -un) [inhibitio, restraint]. The act of checking, restraining, or suppressing ; any in- fluence that controls, retards, or restrains. Inhibitory nerves and centers are those intermediating a modifi- cation, stoppage, or suppression of a motor or secretory act already in progress. I., Mental, the involuntary restraint that active mental states exercise over bodily functions, normal or otherwise. I., Vasomotor, an influence exerted on the contractile walls of the blood- vessels, that causes their dilatation by a diminution of their tone. I., Voluntary, the checking or temporary restraint of a reflex by force of will. Inhibitive (in-hib' -it-iv). See Inhibitory. Inhibitory (in-hib' -it-o-re) [inhibitorius, inhibitory]. Having the power to restrain or hold in check. I. Cen- ter of Setschenowr, a cerebral center in the optic lobes of the brain of the frog, the stimulation of which checks spinal reflexes. I. Nerves of the Heart, those of the vagus supplied by the cardio-inhibitory center, through the spinal accessory nerve. I. Nerves of Respiration, certairl afferent fibers in the laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve, that exert an inhibitory action on the inspiratory act of respiration. I. Cen- ters, nerve-centers that inhibit, restrain, or even arrest the action of other centers. I. Fibers, centri- fugal nerve-fibers that affect other centers so as to moderate or nullify their action. Inhumation (in-hu-ma' -shun) [inhumare, to put in the ground]. Burial of the dead in the ground. See Ilumation, Iniad (in'-e-ad) [Iviov, the occiput]. Toward the inial aspect. Inial (in'-e-al) [Iviov, occiput] . Pertaining to the inion. I. Aspect, the posterior aspect of the head. Inien (in'-e-en) [Iviov, occiput]. Belongingto the inion in itself. Iniencephalus (in-e-en-sef -al-us) [Iviov, occiput ; iyKifaXoc, brain]. A variety of single autositic mon- sters of the species Exencephalus in which there is the same deformity of the skull as in notencephalus, with the addition of a spinal fissure involving the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Iniodymus (in-e-od' -im-us) [iviov, occiput ; SlSvfioQ, double] . A teratism with one body and two heads joined at the occiput. Inio-glabellar (iH' -e-o-gla-bel' -ar) [Iviov, occiput ; glaber, smooth] . Relating to or joining the inion and the glabella. Inion (in'-e-on) [iviov, occiput]. The external protu- berance of the occipital bone. SeeCraniometric Points. Iniops (in'-e-ops) [mov, occiput ; 6i//, face]. A cata- didymous monstrosity with the parts below the navel double, the thoraces joined into one, and one head with two faces, the one incomplete. Inirritative [in-ir' -it-a-tiv) [in, not ; irritare, to irri- tate]. Not irritant; soothing. IriAiaX (in-ish'-al)[in,\D.to; 2Vf,togo]. Beginning or commencing. I. Cells, germ-cells. I. Sclerosis, the primary induration of a hard chancre. I. Stage of Labor. See Labor, Stages of. Initis (in-i'-tis) [if, muscle, fiber; inq, inflammation]. Inflammation of fibrous or muscular tissue. Inject (in-jekf) [in, into ; jacere, to throw]. To effect the introduction of a liquid into any cavity of the body, natural or artificial, by means of a syringe or similar in- strument. In pathology, to produce a condition of distention of the capillaries with blood. INJECTA 614 INOSCULATION Injecta [in-jek' -tah) [L.]. Things introduced, as into the alimentary canal (correlated with ejecta). Injection [in-jek' -shun) [injectio, a throwing in]. An aqueous or other solution thrown into the vessels, be- neath the skin or into any cavity of the body ; the intro- duction of such a liquid ; a condition of capillary disten- tion. I., Anatomic, filling the vessels of a cadaver or of an organ with preservative or coagulating solu- tions, for purposes of dissection, I., Coagulating, injection of coagulating solutions into the cavity of an aneurysm. I., Hypodermatic, into the subcutaneous connective tissue, by means of a syringe. I., Nutri- ent, injection of nutritive fluids into the rectum or other cavity of the body. I., Opaque Naked-eye, for anatomic or microscopic purposes, made of plaster- of-Paris, tallow, vermilion and gelatin, plumbic acetate and potassium bichromate (yellow injection), or plumbic acetate and sodium carbonate (white). I., Transparent Microscopic, made with carmin for red, potassium ferrocyanid for blue, potassium bi- chromate for yellow. I. -pneumonia, a condition of the lung somewhat resembling pneumonia, following injections of Koch's tuberculin. Injector [in-jek' -tor) [injicere, to throw in]. An ap- paratus, as a syringe, used in injecting any material into the organism, or into any of its cavities. Injury [in'-ju-re) [injuria; in, not; jus, a right]. Any damage or harm to the body or any of its parts. In-knee [in'-ne). Knock-knee, or genu valgum, q. v. Inlet [in' -let). The place where the air of ventilation is admitted into a room. I. of the Pelvis, the heart- shaped space within the brim of the pelvis ; the supe- rior pelvic strait. Inman's Myalgia. See Diseases, Table of. Innate [in-nat' or in'-ndt) [innatus, bom in]. Con- genital ; native to the organism ; intrinsic. In biology, applied to anthers that appear to be supported by the very apex of the filament. Innervation [in-ner-va'-shun) [in, in ; nervus, nerve]. The discharge of nervous impulses from a ganglionic center; the supply of nervous influence bestowed upon any part or organ ; the distribution of nerves within a part or organ ; the manifestation of nervous force. Innominata [in-noni-in-a'-taJi). Plural of Innomina- tum. The innominate bones. Innominate [in-nom' -in-dt) [in, without ; nomen, a name]. A term applied to several parts of the body to which no other definite name has been given. I. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. I. Bone, the ir- regular-shaped bone forming the sides and anterior wall of the pelvic cavity. See Bones, Table of. I. Foramen. See Foramina, Tables of. I. Veins. See Vein. Innominatum [in-nom-in-a' -turn) [L. , nameless: fl., Innominata^ The innominate bone. Innutrition [in-nu-trish' -un) [in, not ; nutrire, to nourish]. Want or deficiency of nutrition or nourish- ment. Inoblast [in' -o-blast) [if, fiber ; flTMardg, germ] . Any one of the cells, or corpuscles, from which connective tissue is derived. Inocarcinoma [in-o-kar-sin-o' -ma/i) [l^, fiber ; KapKivoq, a crab; bjxa, tumor: pi, Inocarcinomata\ A car- cinoma with a preponderance of fibrous tissue. Inoccipitia [in-ok-sip-if -e-ah) [in, negative ; occiput, occiput]. Deficiency of the occipital lobe of the brain. Inochondritis [in-o-kon-dri' -tis) [if, fiber ; xbvdpoQ, cartilage; irig, inflammation]. Conjoined inflamma- tion of tendons and cartilages. Inoculability [in-ok-u-la-bil'-it-e) [inoculare, to im- plant]. The quality of being inoculable. Inoculable [in-ok' -u-la-bl) [inoculare, to implant]. Susceptible of being inoculated. Inocular [in-ok' -u-lar) [in, in; oculus, eye]. In bio- logy, applied to those insect antennae that arise from notches in the inner margins of the compound eyes. Inoculation [in-ok-u-la' -shun) [inoculatia, an ingraft- ing]. The introduction into the circulation of the virus of infectious diseases, or of certain medicinal agents. I., Jennerian, vaccination, or the inocula- tion of cowpox- virus. I. of Smallpox, inoculation with the contagium of smallpox to produce a mild type of the disease. I., Preventive, inoculation with some virus to act as a preventive of a more serious disease or type of the same disease. Inoculator [in-ok' -u-la-tor) [inoculatio, an ingrafting]. One who or that which inoculates ; an instrument used in inoculation. Inocyst [in'-o-sist) pf, a fiber; «;{i(Trif, bladder] . A fibrous capsule. Inoendothelioma [in-o-en-do-the-le-o' -mah) [if, fiber ; ivScni, within ; drfki], nipple ; bjia, tumor : pi. , Inoendotheliomata']. Round-celled fibro-sarcoma. Inoepithelioma [in-o-ep-ith-e-le-o' -mah) [if, fiber ; im, upon ; SriU], nipple ; ifia, tumor : pil., fnoepithelio- mata"]. Medullary carcinoma containing fibrous tissue. Inogen [in'-o-jen) [if, (gen. \v6i;), fiber; -yewdv, to produce] . A hypothetic substance believed to occur in muscular tissue, and to be decomposed, during contraction, into carbon dioxid, sarcolactic acid, and myosin. Because of this behavior it is considered as the energy-producing substance of muscle. Inogenesis [in-o-jen'-es-is) [if, muscle ; yheai;, gen- eration]. The formation of fibrous muscular tissue. Inohymenitis [in-o-hi-men-i'-tis) [if, fiber ; iftf/v, mem- brane ; trif, inflammation]. Inflammation of any fibrous structure. Inoleiomyoma [in-o-li-o-mi-o' -mah) [if, fiber ; Xeiof, smooth; |UJif, muscle ; Ojia, a tumor: pL, Inoleiomyo- mata"]. A myoma made up of, ol: containing, un- striped muscular fibers. Inoma [in-o' mah) [if, a fiber; hfia, a tumor: pi., Inomata']. Same as Fibroma. Inomyxoma [in-o-miks-o' -mah) [if, fiber ; /tifa, mucus; o^a, tumor: pi., Inoniyxomata']. Same as Fibro-myxoma. Inopeiculate [in-o-per'-ku-lat) [z», without; operculum, a cover, lid]. In biology, having no operculum or lid. Inopexia, or Inopexy [in-o-peks'-e-ah, or in' -o-peks-e) [if, fiber ; 7^ij^i(, coagulation]. A tendency in the blood toward spontaneous coagulation. Inophlogosis [in-o-Jlo-go' -sis) [if, fiber ; fUyatsiQ, in- flammation]. Inflammation of any fibrous tissue. Inopolypous [in-o-pol' -ip-us) [if, fiber; polypus, polyp]. Of the nature of an inopolypus. Inopolypus [in-o-pol ' -ip-us) [if, fiber ;/o/)//«j, polyp]. A fibrous polypus. Inorganic [in-or-gan' -ik) [in, not ; organum, an instru- ment] . A term applied to a body or a substance that possesses none of the possibilities of development, growth, or life. I. Constituents. See Constituents. Inorrhabdomyoma [in-or-ab-do-mi-o' -mah) [if, fiber ; l>a.^Sog, rod ; /j5f, muscle ; b/ia, tumor: pi., Inorrhab- domyomata']. A fibrous rhabdomyoma. Inosclerosis [in-o-skle-ro' -sis) [if, fiber; cr/tX^/Diif , hard] . Sclerosis or hardening of fibrous tissue. Inosculate [in-os' -ku-lat) [in, in, on; ojir«/«w, dim. of OS, mouth]. In biology, to unite by small open- ings ; to anastomose. Inosculation [in-os-ku-la' -shun) [in, in ; osculare, to kiss]. The joining, at their mouths, of the branches of blood-vessels, especially the extremities of the arteries with the origins of veins. INOSINIC ACID 615 INSANITY Inosinic Acid [in-o-sin'-ik). An ammonium derivative from muscle, of unknown constitution. Jnosis (in-o'-sis). See Inogenesis. Inosite (in'-o-slt) [if, fiber], CjHjjOe + 2 Hp. A saccharine substance occurring sparingly in the human body, especially in the muscles. It also occurs in diabetic urine and in the urine of chronic nephritis. It is found in abundance in the vegetable kingdom, particularly in unripe beans. It forms large efflor- escent crystals (rhombic tables) ; in microscopic pre- parations it is usually obtained in tufted lumps of fine crystals. It is readily soluble in virater, but insoluble in absolute alcohol and ether. Inosituria [in-o-Hi-u' -re-ah) \lg, fiber ; oipov, urine] . The presence of inosite in the urine. Inosteatoma {in-o-sie-at-o' -mah) \Iq, fiber ; areap, fat ; ifia, tumor: pi. , Inosteatomata]. A steatoma with fibrous elements. Inosuria (in-o-su' -re-aK) . See Inosituria. Inotagmata {in-o-iag' -mat-ah) [if (iv), strength, force; ray/M, a regular arrangement, as of soldiers]. In biology, Engelmann's name for hypothetic, contractile elements that generate the force of protoplasmic motion; they are held to be uniaxial and doubly refractive ; also written Isotagmaia. Inquest (in'-kwesi) \inquesita ; m, into ; guisrere, to ask]. A judicial inquiry. I., Coroner's, an inquiry concerning the cause of the death of one who has died by violence or in some sudden or unknown way. Inquiline (in' -kwil-in) [L., inquilinus. an inhabitant of a place that is not his o wn] . In biology, a com- mensal or messmate ; an animal inhabiting an abode that it does not produce. Inquination iin-kwin-a' -shun) \inquinatio, pollution]. Pollution ; infection ; corruption. Inquisition (in-kwiz-isk' -un) [inquisitio, an inquiry]. The inquiry or hearing before a jury or commission concerning the sanity or lunacy of a criminal or a person charged with crime. Insaccation {in-sak-a' -shun) [in, in ; saccus, sac]. Encystment ; enclosure in a sac. Insalivation (in-sal-iv-a' -shun) [in, in ; saliva, the spittle]. The mixture of the food with saliva during mastication. Insalubrity (in-sal-u' -hrit-e) [in, not; salubris, whole- some]. Unwholesomeness of air or of climate. Insanability {in-^n-ab-il' -it-e) [in, not; sanabilis, curable]. Incurableness ; the quality or state of being incurable. Insane (in-sdn') [in,noi; js«kj, sound]. Deranged or diseased in mind. I. Ear. See Hematoma auris. Insaniola (in-san-i'-o-lah) [dim. of insania, insanity]. A slight or minor degree of insanity. Insanitary (in-san' -it-a-re) [m, not; sanitas, health]. Not sanitary ; not in a proper condition as respects the preservation of health (said of houses, buildings, and their surroundings). insanitation [in-san-it-a' -shun) [in, not ; sanitas, health]. Lack of proper sanitary conditions ; defect of sanitation. Insanity (in-san' -it-e) [insanitas, insanity]. A de- rangement or abnormal condition of the mental facul- ties, with or without loss of volition and of conscious- ness. Insanity may be due to defective development, to acquired disease, or to natural ' decay. It is char- acterized, according to its form, by a variety of symp- toms, the most common of which are change of char- acter and habits, moroseness, confusion, elation, melancholy, mania, delusions, and hallucinations. The psychotic tendency is the chief predisposing cause, and on this some one of the many exciting causes will act and result in the final break-down. The vast majority of cases of insanity occur between the ages of twenty-five and forty-five. Melancholia, mania, delusional insanity, and dementia are the four principal types of the affection. According to Krafft-Ebing, in- sanity may be divided into two great groups, accord- ing as the disorder is the result of a disturbance of the developed brain or of an arrest of brain-development. He places insanity ordinarily so-called under the first head ; his subdivisions are as follows ; — A. Mental affections of the developed brain. I. Psychoneuroses. I. Primary curable conditions. a. Melancholia a. Melancholia passiva. ^. Melancholia attonita. b. Mania. a.. Maniacal exaltation. /3 Maniacal frenzy. c. Stupor. a. Secondary incurable states. a. Secondary monomania. b. Termnial dementia. a. Dementia agitata. 18. Dementia apathetica. II. Psychic degenerative states. a. Constitutional affective insanity {folic raison- ante). b. Moral insanity. c. Primary monomania. a. With delusions. aa.. Of a persecutory tinge. ^P. Of an ambitious tin^e, j3. With imperative conceptions. d. Insanities transformed from the constitutional neuroses. a. Epileptic. ^. Hysteric. Y. Hypochondriac. e. Periodic insanity. III. Brain diseases with predominating mental symp- toms. a. Paralytic dementia. b. Cerebral syphilis. c. -Chronic alcoholism. d. Senile dementia. e. Acute delirium. B. Mental results of arrested brain-development: idiocy and cretinism. I., Acquired, that arising after a long period of life of mental integrity. I., Alcoholic, that induced by alcoholic excess, usually a result of hereditary tenden- cies. I., Alternating. See /., Circular. I., Cir- cular, cyclothymia ; alternating insanity ; a form of insanity recurring in cycles varying in length from a few days to many months. The arrangement of the cycle varies in different individuals, but is constant in a given case. Thus melancholia may be followed by mania, and this by a lucid interval, the passage from one mental condition to the other being abrupt or gradual. I., Climacteric, insanity occurring at or near the menopause. I., Communicated, that transmitted by association with an insane person. I., Confusional, stuporous insanity ; delusional stupor ; mania hallu- cinatoria ; surgical insanity ; puerperal mania ; post- febrile insanity ; an acute insanity produced by nervous shock or exhausting disease, without distinct constant emotional depression or exaltation, with marked fail- ure of mental power or complete imbecility, often accompanied by hallucinations and loss of physical power. Recovery is usually complete. I., Doubting, a form of melancholia according to R^gis, but accord- ing to others a psycho-convulsive mental disease closely allied to delusional insanity, which consists in an uncontrollable doubt and indecision regarding the oc- cupations, duties, or events of the day, of religion, etc. I., Epidemic, a form occasionally manifested among a number of people in common association, as in con- vents or schools. I., Febrile, a maniacal form, occa- sionally occurring in the course or as a sequel of acute inflammation or fever. I., Hereditary, that trans- mitted from parent to child, and not induced by other INSATIABILITY 616 INSTINCTIVE apparent cause. I., Ideational, a term applied to any form in which there is marked perversion of the reasoning powers. I., Impulsive, a form in which the patient possesses an uncontrollable desire to commit acts of violence. I., Moral, a form marked by perver- sion and depravity of the moral sense, apparently with- out impairment of the reasoning and intellectual fac- ulties. I. of Pregnancy, a form occurring during pregnancy, characterized by melancholia, suicidal in- tent, and abhorrence of friends and relatives. I., Pri- mary, a form, often congenital, that arises with the development of the body. It may also proceed from injury or disease of the brain in early life. I., Puer- peral, a term sometimes applied to the delirium of childbirth, but more properly to the mania occurring after delivery. X., Simultaneous, when two or more persons hereditarily inclined become affected at the same time. I., Menstrual. See /., Periodic. ' I., Periodic, a condition dependent upon original or ac- quired psychopathy, in which attacks of insanity occur at regular or irregular intervals. If occurring in women at the menstrual epoch it is called Menstrual Insanity. I., Stuporous, the primary acute form of dementia ; a disease chiefly met with in youth and early maturity. It is usually due largely to masturbation, and is also K.'3&&&. Anergic Stupor. ?,tt a\?,o J., Confusional. I., Surgical. See /. , Confusional. I., Volitional, such forms as are marked by derangement of the will. Insatiability {in-sa-she-ab-il'-it-e) \in, not; satiare, to satisfy]. The property of being insatiable. SeeAcoria. Insatiable {in-sa' -she-ab-l) \insatiabilis, that which cannot be satisfied]. Inordinately greedy ; incapable of being satisfied. I. Appetite. See Bulimia. Inscriptiones tendineae {in-skrip-te-o' -nez ten-din' -e-e). The lineae transversae of the rectus abdominis muscle. Insculpt {in-skulpi') [insculpere, to cut or carve in]. In biology, applied to lichens that grow in the de- pressions in rocks. Insect (in'-sekt) [insectum, an insect]. Any mem- ber of the class of animals called Insecta. I.- powder, the powdered flowers of several species of Pyrethrum or " buhach," an insecticide in common use. In the United States the flowers of P. cinerts- folium are extensively grown for this purpose. See Buhach. I. Wax. See Chinese Wax. Insected {in-sek' -ted') \insectus, p. p. of insecare, to cut in] . Incised or cut into. Insecticide (in-sek' -tis-ld) [insectum, insect ; cisdere, to kill]. A substance that is destructive to insects. Insectiform (in-sek' -tif-orm) [insectum, an insect ; forma , iorm]. Resembling an insect. Insectivora (in-sek-tiv'-o-rah) [insectum, an insect ; vorare, to devour]. An order of plantigrade animals belonging to the Mammalia, and living upon insects. Insectivorism {in-sek-tiv' -or-izm) [insectum, an insect; vorare, to devour]. In biology, the property of capturing and devouring insects, such as is possessed by certain plants. Insectivorous [in-sek-tiv' -or-us) [insectum, insect ; vorare, to devour]. In biology, feeding upon insects. Insectology (in-sek-tol' -o-je) [insectum, insect ; Adyof, science]. The science treating of insects. Insemination (in-sem-in-a' -shun) [tnseminare, to plant seed]. The planting of seed. The introduction of semen. Insenescence {in-sen-es' -ens) [insenescentia ; in, not, or upon; senex, old]. I. Vigorous age; old age without its ordinary infirmities. 2. The approach of old age. Insensibility (in-sens-ib-il'-it-e) [in, not ; sentire, to feel]. The condition or state of being insensible ; absence of consciousness ; anesthesia. Insensible (in-sen' -sib-l) [in, not ; sentire, to feel]. Without the sense of feeling. Incapable of being perceived or recognized by the senses. Unconscious. Insertion [in-ser' -shun) [insertio ; inserere, to set in]. The act of setting or placing in ; or, that which is set in ; the point at which a muscle is attached to the part that it moves ; the place or the mode of attachment of an organ to its support. I., Velamentous, the attachment of the umbilical cord to the margin of the placenta. Insidious (in-sid'-e-us) [insidia, an ambush]. Deceit- ful, stealthful. Hidden from external view. I. Dis- ease, one, the onset of which is gradual or inappre- ciable. Insipid {in-.':ip'-id)[insipidus, Mxisa-vory^ Tasteless. Insitio dentis [in-sish' -e-o den'-tis) [L.]. Implantation of a tooth. In situ (in si'-tu) [in, in ; situ, position]. A Latin phrase meaning in a given or natural position. Insolatio (in-so-la' -ske-o) . See Sunstroke. Insolation (in-so-la' -shun) [insolatio ; in, in ; sol, suii]. I. Exposure to the sun, either as a prophylactic treat- ment or as a cause of disease. 2. Sunstroke. 3. In pharmacy, the drying or bleaching of substances by exposure to the sun. Insolubility (in-sol-u-bil ' -it-e) [insolubilis, insoluble]. The quality of being insoluble ; lack of solubility. Insoluble (in-sol ' -u-bl) [in, not ; solubilis, soluble]. Incapable of solution. Insomnia [in-som' -ne-ah) [in, not ; somnus, sleep]. Want of sleep ; inability to sleep. Inspection (in-spek'-shun) [inspectio, or inspectus, a beholding]. In medicine, the examination of the body or any part of it. Inspergation (in-sper-ga' -shun) [inspergere, to sprinkle into]. The sprinkling or dusting of a part with a fine powder. Inspiration' (z«-j^zV- Tract, or Tube. Same as /. Canal. INTESTINE 621 INTRAMURAL Intestine {in^tes'-tin) [intestinus, intestine]. The part of the digestive tube extending from the beginning of the duodenum to the anus. I., Large, comprises The Large Intestine. a. Entrance of the small intestine, b. Appendix vermiforrais. c. Caput csecuin coll. d. Transverse colon, e. Descending colon. /. Sigmoid flexure, h. Rectum, i. Anus. the cecum, colon, and rectum. I., Small, consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Intestinorum inflammatio (in-tes-tin-o'-7-um in- fiam-a'-she-o) [L.,, " Inflammationof the intestines"]. See Enteritis. Intestinulum (in-tes-tin' -u-luni) [L., a small intes- tine: pi., Intestinula]. I. The small intestine. 2. A cerebral convolution or gyrus. 3. The umbilical cord or navel-string. Intextine {in-teks' -tin) [inhis, within ; extemus, with- out]. In biology, a supplementary inner layer of the extine of the pollen-grains of certain plants. Intima (in' -tim-ah) \intimus, inmost]. A term used instead of tunica intima ; the innermost coat, or thin, transparent endothelial lining of the heart and blood- vessels, consisting of a layer of irregular, long, fusi- form, nucleated, squamous cells. Intine (in' -tin) [2»to.f, within]. In biology, the inner coat of the pollen-grain. Intolerance (in-tol' -er-ans) [intolerans ; in, not; tolerere, to bear] . Want of endurance or ability to stand pain. Impatience. Also, the inability to endure the action of a medicine. Intonation (in-to-na' -shun) \intonere,\.o thunder]. I. The rumbling or gurgling sound produced by the movement of flatus in the bowels. 2. The tone of the voice. Intortion [in-tor' -shun) {infortus, p. p. of intorquere, to curl, to twist]. In biology, the winding, bend- ing, or twisting of a part or organ. Intoxicant (in-toks'-ik-ant) [intoxicare, to intoxicate]. I. Intoxicating; capable of producing intoxication or poisoning. 2. A drug or agent capable of produc- ing intoxication. Intoxication [in-toks-ik-a' -shun) \intoxicare, to poi- son] . A word popularly used to denote the effect of the excessive use or of an overdose of an alcoholic liquor; in a wider sense, any poisoning; the state re- sulting from an overpowering dose of any poison. I., §eptic. See Septicemia. I., Uremic. See Uremia. Intra- (in'-trah-) [intra, within]. A Latin prefix sig- nifying within. I. -abdominal, within the cavity of the abdpw'en. I. -arachnoid, within the arachnoid space. I. -articular, within a joint. I. -capsular, within the capsular ligament of a joint. Intrabiontic (in-trah-bi-on' -tik) \intra, within; ^ioi, life; in) (ovt), being]. In biology, applied to phe- nomena occurring within, and determined by, an indi- vidual organism. I. Selection, Weismann's term for the principle formulated by Roux, of the struggle of the parts concerned in ontogeny. Intracardiac (in-trah-kar' -de-ak) [intra, within ; mp- Sia, heart]. Situated or produced within the heart- cavity. Intracartilaginous (in-trah-kar-til-aj'-in-us) [intra, within; cartilage, c&\\Sis.^it\. Within a cartilage. I. Ossification. See Ossification . Intracellular [in-tra-sel' -u-lar) [intra, within ; cellula, a little cell]. In biology, existing or happening within the cell. I. Digestion, also aSlRi. parenchy- matous digestion ; digestion as exhibited by unicel- lular organisms. I. Pangenesis. See Heredity and Pangenesis. Intracerebral (in-trah-ser' -e-bral) [intra, within ; cere- brum, cerebrum]. Within the cerebrum. Intracervical (in-trah-ser' -mk-aV) [intra, within; cer- vix, cervix] . Within the cervical canal of the uterus. Intraciliary (in-trah-sW -e-a-re) [intra, within ; cilium, an eye-lash]. Situated within the ciliary region. Intracranial (in-trah-kra' -ne-al ) [intra, within ; apaviov, the skull]. Within the skull. I. Hemor- rhage, an escape of blood within the cranial cavity ; cerebral hemorrhage. Intracutaneous (in-trah-ku-ta' -ne-us) [intra, within ; cutis, the skin]. Within the skin-substance. Intracystic {in-irah-sis' -tik) [intra, within ; KbariQ, a cyst] . Situated or occurring within a cyst. Intradermic (in-trah-der' -mik) [intra, within; &kpfia, skin]. Same as Intracutaneous. Intradural (in-trah-du' -ral) [intra, within; durus, hard]. Situated or occurring within the dura. Intrafetation (in-trah-fe-ta' -shun) [intra, within ; fetus, a fetus] . The formation of a fetus within another fetus. Intragyral (in-trah-ji' -ral) [intra, within; gyrus, a gyre]. Within a gyre of the brain. Intrahepatic (in-trah-he-paf -ik) [intra, within ; ^Trap, liver] . Within the liver-substance. Intralamellar (in-trah-lam-el' -ar) [intra, within ; lamella, a thin plate]. In biology, within the lamellae. Intraligamentous (in-trah-lig-am-en'-tus) [intra, with- in ; ligamentum, a ligament]. Within or between the folds of a ligament, as a cyst. Intralingual (in-trah-ling'-gival) [intra, within; lin- gua, tongue]. Within the substance of the tongue. Intralobular (in-trah-lob' -u-lar) [intra, within ; iobulus, a little lobe]. Within a lobe or lobule. I. Vein, a vein traversing a liver-lobule. I. Plexus, a net- work of vessels in a liver-lobule. Intramembranous (in-trah-mem' -bran-us) [intra, within; membrana, a membrane]. Within a mem- brane. Intrameningeal (in-trah-men-in' -je-al) [j»^a, within ; lirjvty^, membrane] . Situated within the substance of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord. I. Hemorrhage, an effusion of blood into the sac of the dura mater. Intramolecular (in-trah-mo-lek' -u-lar) [intra, within ; molecula, a molecule]. Within the molecules of a substance. Intramural [in-trah-mu' -ral) [intra, within ; mura, a wall]. Intraparietal. Within the substance of the walls of an organ. INTRAMUSCULAR 622 INTUSSUSCEPTION Intramuscular (in-trah-mus'-ku-lar) \i,ntra, within ; muscultts, a muscle]. Within the substance of a muscle. Intranasal {in-trah-na'-sal) [intra, within; nasm, nose]. Within the cavity of the nose. Intranuclear (in - trah - nu'- kle - ar) [intra, within ; nucleus, a kernel]. Within a nucleus. Intra-ocular [in-trah-ok' -u-lar) [intra, within; oculus, eye]. Within the globe of the eye. I. Hemor- rhage, an effusion of blood into the globe of the eye. I. Pressure, or Tension. See Tension. Intra-orbital [in-trah-or' -bit-al) [intra, within ; orbita, orbit]. Within the orbit. I. Aneurysm, an aneu- rysm within the orbit of the eye, and usually involving a branch of the ophthalmic artery. I. Hemorrhage, a hemorrhage taking place within the orbit, but behind the capsule of Tenon. Intraosseous [in-trah-os' -e-us) [intra, within ; os, a bone] . Within the substance of a bone. Intraovarian (in-trah-o-va' -re-an) [intra, within; ovarium, ovary] . Within the ovarian stroma. Intraparietal [in-trah-par-i'-et-al) [intra, within; paries, a wall]. I. Within the wall or the substance of the wall of an organ. 2. Within the parietal region of the cerebrum, e. g. , the /. Fissure. Intrapelvic {in-trah-peV -■vik) [intra, within; pelvis, basin]. Within the pelvic cavity. Intraperitoneal [in-tra-per-it-on-e'-al) [;»^?-a, within ; nepirdvaiov, the peritoneum]. Within the peritoneum or membranous sac that covers the abdominal viscera. Intraplacental [in-trah-plas-en' -tal) [intra, within; placenta, cake]. Within the placental tissue. Intrapleural (in-trah-plu'-ral) [intra, within ; TrAeupd, a rib] . Within the pleural cavity. Intrapolar [in-trah-po'-lar) [intra, within ; polus, pole]. Between the poles or ends of an axis. See, also, Extrapolar. Intrapulmonary {in-trah-pul' -mo-na-re) [intra, within ; pulmo, the lung]. Within the substance of the lung. Intraretinal [in-trah-ret'-in-al) [intra, within , retina, retina]. Within the substance of the retina. Intrascleral {in-trah-skle' -ral) [intra, within ; aKXr/pd^, hard]. Situated, occurring, or performed within the sclera. Intrascrotal (in-trah-skro'-tal) [intra, within; scro- tum, scrotum]. Within the scrotal sac. Intraspinal [in-trah-spi' -nal) [intra, within ; spina, spine]. Within the spinal canal. Intratesticular (in-trak-tes-tik' -u-lar) [intra, within ; testiculus, a testicle]. Within the testicle. Intratubal (in-trah-tu'-bal) [intra, within ; tuba, a trumpet]. Within a Fallopian tube. Intratympanic [in-trah-tim-pan' -ik) [intra, within ; tympanum, the ear-drum]. Within the tympanic cavity. Intraurethral [in-trah-u-reth' -rat) [intra, within ; ampifipa, urethra]. Within the urethra. \tAx&-\xK.&t\xie. (in-trah-u' -ter-in) [intra , -within ; uterus, womb]. Within the womb. I, Amputation, a spon- taneous amputation occurring occasionally to some part of the fcetits in utero that becomes constricted by the umbilical cord or from other causes. I. Drowning, death of the foetus in utero from efforts at respiration, liquor amnii instead of air being drawn into the air-tubes. The cause of the respiratory efforts is an arrest of fetal circulation in the cord or placenta. I. Fracture, that which occurs to a foetus in utero. I. Life, that period of the existence of an animal between conception and birth. Intravasation [in-trav-as-a' -shun) [intra, within ; vas, vessel]. The entrance of extraneous matter, as pus, into a blood-vessel. Cf, Extravasation. Intravascular {in-trah-vas' -ku-lar) [intra, within ; vasculum, a small vessel]. Within the blood-vessel system. Intravenous (in-trah-ve' -nus) [intra, within ; vena, a. vein]. Within, or into the veins. I. Infusion, or Injection, the introduction of a saline solution or other liquid into the veins. Intravertebral [in-trah-ver'-te-bral) [intra, within ; vertebra, a vertebra] . Same as Intraspinal. Intravesical Hn-tra-ves' -ik-al) [intra, within; vesica, bladder]. Occurring or situated within the bladder. Intrinsic (in-trin' -sik) [intrinsecus, on the inside], i. Inherent, inward. Peculiar to a part — e. g. , certain muscles. 2. Relating to the body (or organism) inde- pendent of the environment — e. g. , Toponymy. Introcession (in-tro-ses'-shun) [introcedere, to go into]. A depression or sinking in, as of a surface. IntroHexion (in-tro-flek' -shun) [intro, within ; flexio, a bending]. A bending in ; inward flexion. Introitus (in-tro' -it-us) [intro, within ; ire,, to go]. Any aperture or opening in the body. I. pelvis, the inlet of the pelvis. I. vaginae, the external aperture of the vagina. Intromission [in-tro-mish' -un) [intro, within ; mittere, to send]. The introduction of one body within the walls of another, as of the penis into the vagina. Introrse {in-trors') [intro, within; versus,-^, p. oiver- tere, to turn]. In biology, applied to stamens that turn toward the axis of the flower. Introspection (in-tro-spek' -shun) [intro, within ; spicere, to look]. The act of looking inward. I., Morbid, the morbid habit of self-examination ; insane, or quasi-insane, dwelling upon one's own thoughts, feelings, impulses, fears, or conduct. Introsusception (in-tro-sus-sep' -shurt) [intro, within; suscipere, to receive]. The slipping or telescoping of one part of the intestine upon another part ; intussus- ception. Introvenium [in-tro-ve^ -ne-um) [intro, within ; vena, vein] . In biology, a condition of leaves in which the veins are infossous, or sunk and embedded in the parenchyma. Introversion (in-tro-ver' -shun) [intro, within ; vertere, to turn]. A turning within, as, introversion of the uterus. I. of the Iris, a bending backward of the iris in such a way that it lies upon the ciliary body. Introvert (in-tro-verf) [intro, within ; vertere, to turn]. , In biology, turned in. Intruse {in-trus') [intrusus, p.p. of intrudere, to thrust in]. In biology, projecting inward. Intubation {in-tu-ba' -shun) [in, in ; tubus, a pipe]. The passage of a tube into or past the larynx, to allow the entrance of air into the lungs in croup, diphtheria, etc., or to dilate a stricture, etc. Intumescence [in-tu-mes' -ens) [intumescentia ; intu- mescere, to swell]. A swelling, of any character whatever. Also, an increase of the volume of any organ or part of the body. Intumescentia [in-tu-mes-en' -she-ah) [L.]. A swell- ing. I. gangliformis, the reddish gangliform swelling of the seventh nerve in the aqueductus Fallopii in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Intussusception (in-tus-sus-ep' -shun) [intus, within; suscipiere, to receive] . Invagination or involution of one part of the intestine within another part. It is of frequent occurrence in the young. It is caused by undue peristalsis. The site of the intussusception varies; thus, it may be — I. Ilea- cecal, the ileum with the ileo-cecal valve descending into the cecum and colon ; this is the most common variety ; 2. Colic, the invagination being limited to the large intestine ; 3 . Ileal, when the ileum alone is involved ; 4. Ileo- INULA 623 INVOLUTION colic, when the ileiun prolapses through the lips of the ileo-cecal valve. Inula [in'-u-lah) [L.]. Elecampane. The root of /. hehnium. It contains a crystalline substance, helenin, CjHgO, the dose of vfhich is gr. |^ - \, and from 20 to 40 per cent, of a starch, known as inulin. It is a gentle stimulant, and is employed in bronchitis and to hasten the appearance of the skin-symptoms in exanthematous fevers. Dose gr. xx— gj of the root, or gj -ij of a decoction, g ss to the Oj. The genus Inula contains various coarse composite-flowered herbs of the old world, several of which have properties similar to those of the official species. \Tm\\T\ [in' -u-lin) [2«k/3, elecampane] , CgHjuOj. I. A vegetable principle found in the roots of dahlia, in chicory, and other plants. It is a white powder, with which iodin gives a yellow color, and is soluble in hot water. See Carbohydrates, Table of. 2. The precipitate from a tincture of the root of Inula helenium ; an aromatic stimulant, tonic, and expector- ant. Dose I to 3 grains. Unof. Inulol (in'-u-lol). See Alantol. Inunction {in-unk' -shun) \inunctio ; inunguere, to anoint] . The act of rubbing an oily or fatty substance into the skin. Also, the substance used for anoint- ment. I. Treatment, a form of treatment of syphilis. It consists in rubbing into the skin metallic mercury or some mercurial preparation, mixed or suspended in a fatty vehicle. It is active, sure, and rapid, but dirty and unpleasant. It is best used in the form of the blue ointment of a strength of fifty per cent. The application should be made upon different portions of the body in successive treatments. Inustion (in-us'-chun) [intistio, a burning in]. A burning in ; deep or thorough cauterization. Invagination {in-vaj-in-a' -shun) \invaginatio ; invagin- are, to ensheathe] . The sheathing or telescoping of a part or organ by a canal-like structure, as the intes- tine. An operation for obliterating a hernial canal by the inflammation resulting from pushing the skin inward and suturing the parts together. Invalid {in'-val-id) [invalidus ; in, not; valere, to be well] . One who is not well, especially one who is chronically ill or whose convalescence is slow. Invaliding {in' -val-id-ing) \in, not ; valere, to be well] . The placing of a soldier or officer on the list of in- valids, and thus excusing him from active duty. Invalidism {in' -val-id-izni) [in, not ; valere, to be well]. Chronic ill-health ; the state or condition of being an invalid. Invenose [in-ve'-nos) [in, not; vena, a. vein]. Jn biology, destitute of veins. Invasion {in-va'-zhun) [invasio ; in, upon ; vadere, to go]. The beginning or attack of a disease. Also, the manner in which the disease begins its attack. I.- disease, one due to the presence in the body of some animal parasite, as the tapeworm or the protozoan of malaria. Invermination {in-ver-min-a' -shun) [in, in ; vermis, worm]. A condition of having intestinal worms ; ill- health due to parasitic worms ; helminthiasis. Inverse Temperature. A complete reversal of the usual course of the temperature, so that the morning temperature exhibits the maximum, and the evening temperature the minimum. It is not infrequently seen in acute tuberculous affections , and rarely in typhoid fever. Inversio palpebrarum {in-ver'-she-o pal-pe-bra' -rum). Synonym of Entropion. Inversion {in-ver' -shun) [inversio; in, not; vertere, to turn]. A turning or placing in a position the opposite of the normal position. In chemistry, a decomposi- tion of certain sugars and other carbohydrates, induced by the action of a ferment or dilute acid, by which the elements of water are added to a carbohydrate, each molecule of which breaks up into two molecules of a different carbohydrate. I. of Bladder, a condition in which the bladder is in part or completely pushed into the dilated urethra. It occurs in females only. I. of Eyelashes. See Entropion. I. of Uterus, a condition in which the uterus is partially or completely turned inside out. Invert {in-vert') [in, in ; vertere, to turn]. To tum in an opposite direction. I. -sugar, an amorphous saccharine substance, the chief constituent of honey, and produced by the action of ferments or dilute acids on cane-sugar. It is regarded as a mixture of equal parts of dextrose and levulose. A solution of cane- sugar turns the polarized ray of light to the right, while invert-sugar turns it to the left. From this in- version of the action on polarized light the process is called inversion , and the product invert-sugar. Invertase {in-ver' -iss). Same as Invertin, q. v. Invertebrata {in-ver-te-bra' -tah) [in, not; vertebra, backbone]. Animals that have no spinal column. Invertin {in-ver' -tin) [in, not; vertere, to turn]. A ferment found in the intestinal juice, and produced by several species of yeast-plant ; it converts cane- sugar in solution into invert-sugar. See Ferments. Investing {in-ves' -ting) [investire, to invest]. Ensheath- ing, surrounding. In dentistry, embedding a denture in what is known as investing-material, for the pur- pose of soldering the linings or backings of the teeth to the plate. Inveterate {in-vet' -er-di'\ [inveteratus ; vetus, old]. Long established, and obstinately resisting treatment, as an inveterate skin-disease. Invirility {in-vir-il' -it-e) [z«, not; virilis,oi a man]. Lack of manly qualities, especially lack of virile power ; male impotency. Inviscation {in vis-ka'-shun) [in, in; viscum, bird- lime]. The mixing of food with the saliva during mastication. \nvi\a.\ {in-vi'-tal) [m, not; vita, life]. In biology, non-living or dead matter. In vitro {invit'-ro) [L.]. In the glass; applied to phenomena that are observed in experiments carried out in the laboratory with microorganisms, digestive ferments, and other agents, but that may not neces- sarily occur within the living body. Involucel {in-vol' -u-sel) [dim, of involucrum, involu- cre]. In biology, a secondary involucre. \nvo\\\.<:,r&{in' -vo-lu-ker) [involvere ,Xa rollup,to wrapup]. In biology, the bracts at the base of a flower-cluster. Involucrum {in-vo-lu'-krum) [involvere, to enwrap : //. , Involucra'\ . The covering of a part. The sheath of bone enveloping a sequestrum in dry necrosis. Involuntary {in-vol' -un-tn -re) [involuntarius : in, not ; volo, velle, to will]. Performed independently of the will ; not by an act of the will. A term applied to certain motions and functions of the various organs of the body that are not controlled by, or are not depend- ent on, the will. I. Contraction, muscular contrac- tions notresulting from an act of the will. I. Muscles, those that are not governed by the will. Involute {in'-vo-lut) [involvere, to roll up, to wrap up] . In biology, rolled up, as the edges of certain leaves in the bud. Involution {in-vo-lu' -shun) [involutio ; involvere, to roll upon]. The retrogressive change to their normal con- dition that certain organs undergo after fulfilling their functional purposes. I. of the Uterus, the return of the uterus, which after gestation weighs about two pounds, to its normal weight and condition. I.- forms, a term applied to microorganisms that deviate INWARD 624 lONTHUS from a type, or undergo degenerative changes, prob- ably as a result of nutritive variation. They are free in filaments, flat layers, or cube-like packets. Inward (in'-ward) [ME. , inward, inward] . Toward the center. I. Convulsions. Synonym of Laryngismus stridulus. lodal [i'-o-dal) [iiieS)?f , like a violet], C2I3HO. A com- pound formed on the type of chloral, but containing iodin instead of chlorin. It is reported to resemble chloral in its sedative qualities, but is seldom used as a remedy. Unof. lodantipyrin (i-o-dan-tip-i' -rin). See lodopyrin. lodate (i'-o-daf) [i(jSrig, like a violet]. Charged with iodin. Amylum iodatum, iodized starch, lodia [i-o'-de-ah) [i(J(5;?f , like a violet] . A proprietary remedy said to contain stillingia, menispermum, etc. , with five grains of potassium iodid and two grains of iroii phosphate in each fluidram. Dose as an alterative, g j-ij. Iodic Acid {i-od'-ik). See Acid. Iodid [i'-o-did) [itJtJ)??, like a violet]. A compound of iodin with a metal or other substance. lodidum [i-o-di' -dum) [iutSw , like a violet : gen. Iodidi~\. An iodid. Iodin, or lodum {i'-o-din, or i-o'-dum) [i(i(!i?f, like a violet]. I = 126.53 ; quantivalence I ; specific gravity 4.948 at 17° C. (62.6° F.) A non-metallic element with metallic luster, volatilizing at a low temperature, and giving off a crimson-purple vapor. It occurs in cod- liver oil, in most marine plants, and in shell-fish. It is soluble in alcohol, in solution of potassium iodid, and in solution of sodium chlorid. In its elementary state it is an irritant to the skin, and is much used as a tincture to produce counter-irritation. See Elements, Table of. Potassium iodid, the principal form for internal use, is an alterative, ranking as a specific in tertiary syphilis, and with mercury, available in all forms of that disease. It is also an excellent remedy in hepatic cirrhosis and chronic bronchitis. Combined with ammonium it is valuable in catarrhal affections. Acidi hydriodici, Syr., contains one per cent, of the absolute acid. Dosegj-iv. Ammonii iodidum. ^&t Ammonium. Iodized Phenol, unof , a mixture of iodin and car- bolic acid, usually I to 4. For local use. I., Lini- ment (B. P.), one part of iodin in nine. I., Liquor (B. P.), one of iodin in 20. lodi, Liq., Comp., Lu- gol's solution — iodin 5, potassium iodid 10, water 85 parts. Dose ti\,j-x, diluted. I., Tinct., 8 per cent, in alcohol. Dose tH,j-v. For local use. I., Trichlorid, unof., recommended by Langenbach as an antiseptic in surgery. I., Ung., iodin 4, potassium iodid I, water 2, benzoated lard 93 parts. I., Vapor (B. P.), for inhalation, gj of iodin to ^j of water. Amylum iodatum, iodized starch, iodin 5, starch 95 parts, dis- tilled water 100 parts, triturated and dried. Dose 3 j- ^^j. Potassii iodidum, KI. Dosegr. v-gj. Potass, iodid., Ung., contains potass, iodid. 12, sod. hypo- sulph. I, boiling water 6, benzoated lard 81 parts. Sodii iodidum, Nal, deliquescent. Dose gr. v-gij. I. -green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. I. -scarlet. See Pigments, Conspectus of. I. -violet. See Pig- ments, Conspectus of. lodism [i'-o-dizm) [i(i(5>7f, like a violet]. A condition arising from the prolonged use of iodin or iodin- compounds, marked by redness of the conjunctiva and of the mucous membrane of the respiratory passages, furry throat, and lacrymation, with symptoms resem- bling those of acute coryza. 1 H-o' -do-form) [iiirff/f, like a violet ; forma, Tri-iodo-methane, CHI5. Iodid of Formyl. Iodized [i'-o-dizd) \li!)djis, like a violet]. Impregnated with iodin, as cotton, glycerin, etc. Iodoform - - - form]. A compound containing about 91 per cent, of iodin. It is an antiseptic and feeble anesthetic, and is highly useful for local application to wounds, abrasions, and indolent sores. Internally it is a tonic. It seems to exert a special influence upon tuberculous processes. Its odor may be disguised by means of thymol or oil of rose. Dose, internally, gr. j-v. I., Suppos. (B.P.), each containing gr. iij of iodoform. I., Unguent., for fetid sores. lodoformism (i-o'-do-form-izm) [J&ri^, like a violet ; ijidiatg, a wasting]. The emaciation, or local or general wasting that may result from free use of iodin as a remedy. lodopyrin [i-o-do-pi' -rin) \^ii>8riq, like a violet ; mip, fire]. lodantipyrin. A chemic compound of iodin and antipyrin, with the composition, CjjH,]IN.20. It is an antipyretic in doses of from one to five grains. Unof lodo-quinin Sulphate. Same as Herapathite. lodosis {i-o-do'-sis). Same as lodism. lodotannin (i-o-do-tan' -in) [i&lw, like a violet ; ME., tannen, to tan]. An aqueous mixture of iodin and tannin. lodotberapy (i-o-do-tker' -ap-e) [i(id;?f, like a violet; flepoTrete, therapy]. The treatment or cure of disease by the use of iodin or its compounds. yoiwra {i-o' -dum) . 'see Iodin. lodure {i'-o-dur) [Fr. ]. An iodid. loduret (i-od'-u-ret) [i(if!!7f, like a violet]. An iodid. Ion (i'-on) \j,Im>, l&v, going]. An element set free by electrolysis, and classified as an anion or kation, ac- cording as it is set free at the positive or negative pole. I., Migration of, the transference of an ion from one pole to another. lonidium [i-o-nid'-e-um) [iov, a violet]. A genus of violaceous herbs and shrubs. I. ipecacuanha, produces what is called white ipecac ; this and several other species are emetic and cathartic. See also Cuichunchulli. None is officinal ; but the roots of several species are said to be mixed with commercial ipecac. lonthus [i-on'-thus) \lm6oq, acne]. That form of acne that often accompanies the first appearance of the beard. A general name for acne and the diseases that resemble it. lOPTEROUS 625 IRIDORRHEXIS {opterous (j-c/'-fer-ai) [iov, a violet ; irrc/:«iv, a feather]. In biology, having violet- colored wings. lotacism (i-o'-tas-izm) [laraKLd/idg, iotacism]. i. In- ability to pronounce distinctly the proper sound of the letter i. 2. Substitution of the long e sound for the e sounds of other vowels. loterium [i-o-te' -re-um) [if, eye]. Equality of kind and degree in the refraction of the two eyes. Isomorph {i'-so-morf) \laog, equal ; fiop^, form]. In biology, one of two similar organisms belonging to different groups. Isomorphic {i-so-mor' -fik') \laog, equal ; fu>pi^, form]. In biology, pertaining to morphologic similarity. Isomorphism {i-so-mor' -fizm) [itrof , equal ; jinpfii, form]. Similarity in crystalline form. Also, the replace- ment of one element in a crystalline salt by another, without alteration of form or system. I., Heteromer- ous, a condition of dissimilarity in molecular composi- tion. I., Isomerous, a condition of similarity in molecular composition. I., Polymeric, the substitu- tion of two or more atoms of one element for one of another, without alteration of crystalline form. Isonitrosoacetones {i-so-ni-tro-so-as' -et-onz) . A group of colorless crystalline bodies, readily soluble in ether and in chloroform, and as a rule soluble with difficulty in alcohol. Their alkaline solutions have an intensely yellow color. Isonitroso-compounds (i-so-ni-tro' -so-kom' -po^ondz) . Compounds that contain the bivalent oximid group =N.OH linked to carbon. Isonomic {i-so-nom' -ik) [laovo/iiKdg , having equality of laws]. In chemistry, applied to isomorphism ex- isting between two compounds of like composition. Isonym {i'-so-nim) [iuof, equal; bvofia, a. name]. A paronym. Isopathotherapy {i-so-path-o-ther' -ap-e) . Same as Iso- Isopathy [i-sop' -ath-e) [juof, equal ; noBog, suffering]. A term used to denote the treatment of disease by the administration of one or more of its own products. Thus, smallpox would be treated by the aininistra- tion internally of the variolous excretions. Isopelletierin {i-so-pel-et'-e-er-in) [laog, equal ; pelle- tierinl . A substance found in the root-bark of Punica granatum. It has the same properties as pelletierin. Isopepsin [i-so-pep' -sin) \laog, equal ; niijiig, digestion]. I. A body formed by heating pepsin to a point be- tween 104° and 140° F. It changes albumin into parapeptone. 2. Same as Parapeptone. Isopetalous {i-so-pef -al-us) \lnog, equal ; irkTokov, a leaf]. In biology, having the petals alike. Isophoria {i-so-fo' -re-ah) \iaog, equal ; (p6pog, a tending]. A condition in which the eyes lie in the same hori- zontal plane, the tension of the vertical muscles of ISOPHOROUS 630 ITER each eye being equal, and the visual lines lying in the same plane. Isophorous (i-soff'-or-tis) \laog, equal ; (pipeiv, to bear]. In biology, of equal taxonomic importance, as a spe- cies and its abnormal forms. Isopia {i-so'-pe-ah )[iiToj', equal; ui,';, eye]. A term proposed to indicate equal acuteness of vision in the two eyes. Isopleural (i-so-plu' -rat) [iaof, equal ; TrAfupd, a rib]. Bilaterally symmetric. Isopogonous [i-so-pog'-o-nus) [iffof , equal ; ir^yuv, beard, barb] In biology, applied to feathers, the web of which is alike on both sides of the rachis. Iso-propylamin {i-so-pro-pW -am-in). See Propylamin. Isopters (i-sop' -ters) [ierof, equal; ottttip, observer]. The curves of relative visual acuity of the retina at dif- ferent distances from the macula, both for form and for color. Isopurpurin (i-so-pur' -pu-riri) [(ffof, equal ; purpura, purple], C^fifi^G^)^. A coal-tar color used in dyeing, closely allied to alizarin ; it is formed by heating beta-anthraquinondisulphonic acid with sodic hydrate and potassium chlorate. It produces a yellow shade of red. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Isoquinolin [i-so-kwin' -o-lin) [iffof , equal ; quinolin'] , CgH,N. A substance that occurs together with quinal- din and ordinary quinolin in the crude quinolin from coal-tar. It is very similar to quinolin, solidifies at o° C. to a crystalline mass, melting at 20—22° C. , and boiling at 237° C. Isosaccharic Acid [i-so-sak-a' -rik) . See Add. Isosaccharin [i-so-sak' -ar-in) [iffof , equal ; aanxapov, sugar], CgHjuOj. An isomerid of saccharin. It results from the action of lime upon milk-sugar and maltose. Isoscope [i'-so-skop) [iffof , equal ; animeiv, to see]. An instrument consisting of two sets of parallel ver- tical wires, one of which can be superimposed on the other ; it is designed to show that the vertical lines of separation of the retina do not correspond exactly to the vertical meridians. Isospore [i'-so-spor^.\lco^, equal ; av6poq, a seed]. In biology, a plant producing but one kind of spore ; a zygosperm. Isosporous [i-sos' -por-us) [tuof, equal ; anopd, seed]. Same as Homosporous . Isostemonous (i-so-stem' -o-nus) \lao(, equal ; ariijiov, a stamen]. In biology, having the stamens of the same number as the parts of the calyx or corolla. Isotagmata {i-so-tag'-mat-aK). See Inotagmata. Iso-therapeutics (i-so-ther-ap-u'-tiks). Same as Isopathotherapy. Isothermal [i-so-ther' -mal) [Iboq, equal ; fiipiir), heat]. Of equal or uniform temperature. I. Lines, in physi- cal geography, lines drawn through places having the same average temperature for a given period of time. Inasmuch as it frequently happens that two places hav- ing the same annual average temperature may have, one a climate of great extremes, the other a very equable climate, it is now customary to display com- parative isotherms for the six warm and the six cold months of the extra-tropical regions. I. Zones, zones bounded by isothermal lines. Isotome (i'-so-toni) [toof, equal ; TO\ifi, a cutting]. In biology, an imaginary line or plane indicating homo- logous segments or structures. Isotonia (i-so-to' -ne-aK) \laoq, equal; t6vo(, tension]. Equality of tension of the blood. Isotropic {i-so-trop' -ik) [Jffof, equal ; rponij, turning]. Having tlie same properties throughout ; isotropous ; isotropal. Isotropous [i-sot'-ro-pus) [Zffof, equal ; rpoirfi, a turn- ing]. Having the same shape and appearance, from whatever point observed. A term applied to singly- refracting bodies. Isozooid {i-so-zo' -Old) [taof, equal; f^jov, animal; elSoQ, form]. In biology, a zooid resembling the organism producing it. Cf. Allozooid. Issue [isk'-u) \¥r., issue, from exire, to go out]. A discharging ulcer, especially that made artificially for purposes of drainage, or counter-irritation. I.- pea, a pea or pea-shaped pellet (as of ivy-wood, or orris-root), inserted into an issue to keep up suppura- tion. Orange-seeds are also used for the same pur- pose. Istarin [is'-tar-in). A nitrogenous, phosphorized sub- stance of complex structure occurring in brain-tissue. . Its properties have not been investigated. Isthmiac, or Isthmic (is'-me-ak or is'-mik) pfffliUiif, a narrow passage]. Pertaining to any isthmus, as that of the fauces. Isthmitis (is-mi'-tis) [iiT9|Udf , a narrow passage ; inf , inflammation] . Inflammation of the fauces. Isthmo- (is' -mo-) \\aQji6^, a neck], A prefix signifying \h^ fauces. Isthtnocatarrhus {is-mo-kat-ar'-us) \\B0fi6q, isthmus; Karappieiv, to flow down]. A catarrh of the faucial isthmus. Isthmodynia {is-mo-din'-e-ah) [icr9//riyvivai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the throat. lsthiaospasm{is'-mo-spazm) [Ia6/i6(, isthmus; awaa/idg, spasm]. Spasm of the isthmus of the fauces. Isthmus [is'-mus) \j.a6fi6g, isthmus]. The neck or constricted part of an organ. The part of the brain which, situated axially, serves to unite the forebrain, the cerebellum, and the spinal cord. I., Gyral, a nar- row gyrus connecting two adjoining gyri ; an annectant convolution or pli de passage. I. of Fauces, the space between the arches of the palate. I. of Thyroid Gland, the transverse cord connecting the lobes of the thyroid body. Isuretin [i-su-re' -tin) \laog, equal ; oivpov, urine], CH4N2O. A substance isomeric with urea ; it appears on evaporating the alcoholic solution of hydroxylamin and hydrogen cyanid. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms similar to those of urea, and melts at 104-5° C. Italian [i-tal'-yan) \_Italus, an Italian]. Of or pertain- ing to Italy. I. Fever. Synonym of Influenza, and also of Mediterranean Fever. I. Leprosy. See Pellagra. I. Method. See Tagliacotian Method. Itch (ich). See Scaiies. I., Army. See Army. I., Bakers'. See Baker. I., Barbers'. See Barber. I., Bricklayers'. See Bricklayer. I., Drunkards', an intense itching frequent in old alcoholics. I., Grocers'. See Grocer. I. -mite. See Acarus scabiei. I., Norway, an extreme form of general scabies of the body, resulting in fish-scale-like des- quamation. Hebra's first case was from Norway. I., Warehousemen's. Same as/., Grocers'. -ite iti). A suffix employed in mineralogy denoting a mineral, or of mineral origin. A contraction of /li9of, a stone. Iter (i'-ter) [aV^r, a journey]. A passage affording com- munication between two or more parts. I. ad infundi- -ITIS 631 JACTITATION bulum, the passage between the third ventricle of the brain and the infundibulum. I. a palati ad aurem, the Eustachian tube. I. atertioad quartum ventri- culum, the aqueduct of Sylvius, extending from the third ventricle to the fourth. I. chordae anterius, the aperture through which the chorda tympani nerve leaves the tympanum. I. chordae posterius, the aperture through which the chorda tympani nerve enters the tympanum. I. dentium, the canal of the permanent dental sac opening behind the correspond- ing temporary tooth and through which the permanent tooth rises. -itis [t'-iis) [tnf, inflammation]. A sufiix used to denote inflammation. Ivory {i'-vor-e) [ME., ivory, ivory]. The hard bone- like substance of the tusks of elephants. I. -black. See Carbo animalis, and Pigments, Conspectus of. I., Dental. See Dentine. I. -brown. See Pigments, Conspectus of. I. of Tooth. See Dentine. Ivy {i'-ve') [ME., ivy, ivy]. See Hedera. I. -pea, an issue-pea made of the wood of the iyy. I., Poison. See Rhus. Ixodes {iks-o'-dez) [l^M?;;, sticky ; 1^6;, bird-lime ; eMof , form] . An insect of the natural order Acaridea. See Parasites [Animal) , Table of. Ixyomyelitis (iks-e-o-mi-el-i' -tis) [ifiif , waist ; fivekiq, marrow ; (Tjf , inflammation] . Myelitis of the dorsal region of the spinal cord ; ischiomyelis ; osphyomy- elitis. Izal [i'-zal"). Thorncliffe disinfectant; a by-product obtained in the process of coke-formation ; it posseses strong disinfectant properties without any irritating quality. It mixes well with water, and has an agree- able odor. Unof. Jabber {jab'-er) [ME., jaber, to chatter]. To talk rapidly and indistinctly ; to chatter. Jaborandi (jab-or-an' -de) [Braz.]. The leaves of Pilo- carpus pennatif alius, a valuable diaphoretic. See Pilo- carpus. Jaborin (jab'-or-in) [Braz., Jaborandi"], CuHj^NjOj. An alkaloid derivable from pilocarpin by the action of heat and sulphuric acid. It is an amorphous, strongly basic substance, and has properties resembling those of atropin. Unof. Jacaranda [jak-ar-an'-dah) [Brazilian]. A genus of bignoniaceous plants of tropical America. J. caroba is antisyphilitic, and is of service in the treatment of urethritis, rheumatism, and skin-diseases. Dose of the fl. ext. gtt. xvi-fl. _^ j . J. lancifoliata, is used by the natives of Brazil in urethritis. Dose of an _^ ij to Oj tincture lt\^xv ; of the fl. extract, gtt. xvi-xxx. Unof. Jaccoud's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Jack [jak) [ME., Jacke, a personal name]. A popular term for horse-flesh salted and subsequently washed in order to deprive it of its peculiar taste. J. -knife Posture. See Postures. Jacket [jak'-et) \¥T.,Jacque, a coat of mail]. A short coat. J., Bark, a jacket stuffed with powdered cin- chona. J., Cotton, a jacket lined with cotton, some- times used in the treatment of pneumonia. J., Plaster-of-Paris, a mould of plaster-of- Paris cast upon the body or part, for keeping it rigid and fixed in a desired position, in sprain or dislocation of the spine, etc. J.-poultice, a poultice applied about the whole surface of the thorax ; it is sometimes used in the treatment of pneumonia. J., Straight, a system of leather straps used to bind violently insane persons in order to prevent self-inflicted injury. Jackson's Pectoral Syrup. A cough-medicine contain- ing morphin hydrochlorate, sugar, sassafras pith, gum arable, and water. Jacksonian Epilepsy. Focal, cortical, or symptomatic epilepsy. A spasm limited to a single group of muscles in the face, arm, or leg, due generally to irritative lesion of the motor area of the brain ; the spasm may also in- volve other groups of muscles ; consciousness is usually retained ; there is danger of the convulsions becoming general. See Epilepsy, and Diseases, Table of. Jacob's Membrane. A name sometimes applied to the layer of rods and cones of the retina. J.'s Ulcer. See Rodent Ulcer, and Diseases, Table of. Jacobson's Anastomosis. The tympanic plexus. See plexus. J.'s Canal. See Canal. J.'s Cartilage, a strip of cartilage under Jacobson's organ, firmly adherent to the latter, but distinct from the septal cartilage of the nose, to the outer side of the ventral edge of which it is situated. J.'s Nerve, the nerve of the tympanum, 'itt Nerves, Table of. J.'s Organ, a short, rudimentary canal, extending along the septum of Stensen's duct, and ending in a cul-de-sac. Plaster Jackkt. (Sayre.') Jacquart, Angle of. See Angle. Jacquemin's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Jactation [jak-ta' -shun). '&&& Jactitation. Jactitation {jak-tit-a' -shun) [jactitare, to pour forth]. The restlessness and tendency to frequent changes of JADELOT'S LINES OR FURROWS 632 JAUNDICE position that characterize severe distress in disease. J., Periodic. Synonym of Chorea. Jadelot's Lines or Furrows. Certain furrows of the face of children in serious illness. Three sets are distinguished : The Genal Furrow, from the mouth almost to the malar bone ; this and the nasal furrow are said to indicate disease of the gastro-intestinal tract or abdominal viscera ; the Labial Furrow, from the angle of the mouth outward to the lower part of the face, which " should direct attention to the lungs ; " the Nasal Furrow, from the nasal alse in a semicircle about the mouth ; the Oculo-zygomatic Furrow, beginning at the inner canthus of the eye, and passing outward below the lower lid, to be lost on the cheek ; it is said to point to disorders of the cerebro-spinal nervous system. See, also. Lines, Table of; and Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Jaeger's Test-types. A series of types of varying size for testing the power of vision. Jag (^jag) [Prov. Eng.]. A popular slang name for a state of drunkenness ; also, for enough liquor to pro- duce a state of drunkenness. The term has been adopted into the jargon of certain proprietary cures for the alcohol-habit. Jaggery [jag'-er-e] [E. Ind.]. The name given to a very impure East Indian palm-sugar, sometimes refined in England, but chiefly consumed in the country of its production. Jail-fever. Synonym of Typhus Fever, q. v. V. Jaksch's Disease. Pseudoleukocythemia of infants. See Diseases, Table of. Jalap, or Jalapa (jal'-ap or Jal'-ap-ah) [named from Jalapa, a city of Mexico]. The tuber of Ipomcea jalapa, a plant with properties due to two resins, jala- pin and convolvulin. It is an active hydragogue cathartic, especially useful in combination with calo- mel. J., Abstractum, an ingredient of pil. cathartic comp. Dosegr. j-v. Unof. J., Ext. Dosegr. v-xv. J., Resina, precipitated from the tincture by water. Dose gr. ij-v. J., Pulv., Comp., contains jalap 35, potassium bitartrate 65. Dose gr. x-gj. J., Tinct. (B. P.) Dose gss-j. Jalapin (Jal'-ap-in) [from Jalapa, a city of Mexico], CjjHjjOjg. I. A glucosid from Convolvulus oriaa- bensis, y&rj similar in properties to convolvulin ; it is actively cathartic. 2. The precipitate from a tincture of the root of Ipomcea jalapa ; an irritant hydragogue cathartic. Dose gr. iij. Unof. Jamaica i^jam-a'-kah) [W. Indies]. An island of the West Indies. J. Dogwood. See Piscidia. J. Kino. See Coccoloba. Jamaicin (jam-a'-is-in'). Same as Berberin. Jambosa i^ jam-bo' -sah) [Fr., jambosier"]. A genus of myrtaceous S. Asiatic trees. The bark of J. aquea, J. domestica, and J. vulgaris is astringent ; the fruit (rose-apple, or jambosa) is edible ; the fruit and flowers at-e refrigerant, and the seeds are aromatic. Unof. Jambu assu (jam' -boo as-soo') [E. Ind.]. The root of Ottonia jaborandi, a Brazilian tree. It is thought to be stimulant and febrifuge, but its properties are not definitely known. Doseof thefld. ext. tt{x-xxx. Unof. Jambul {jam'-bul) [E. Ind., jambu']. The dried and powdered fruit-stones of 5)/0j'^««wz jambolanum, ashmh of the order of Myrtacese, growing in Western India. It is a valuable astringent in the diarrheas of children, and has also been found to lessen the amount of sugar and urine excreted in diabetes. Dose gr. ij-x ; of the fluid extract of the seeds, TV\,v-x. Unof. James's Pill. A pill containing equal parts of James's powder, ammoniac, and pil. aloes and myrrh. J.'s Powder. See Antimonium. Jamestown Weed. See Stramonium. Janosik's Embryo. A human embryo described by Janosik as having two gill-pouches and three aortic arches. Janus, or Janiceps (ja' -nus or jnn' -is-eps") [Janus, i. two-faced divinity ; caput, head] . A syncephalic monstrosity with two faces. Japan [jap-an') [Chin., Jih-pUn']. An island on the eastern coast of Asia. J. Colors, See Pigments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs. J. -black. See Pigments, Conspectus of. J. Lacquer. Same as J.-black. J. Wax, a wax obtained by boiling the berries of several trees of the genus Rhus, from incisions in the stems of which flows the famous Japan lacquer varnish. It is properly a fat, as it consists almost entirely of glyceryl palmitate. Its specific gravity is . 999 and its melting-point 120° F. (49° C). When freshly broken, the fractured surface is almost white or slightly yel- lowish-green and the odor tallow-like. It is used for mixing with beeswax in the manufacture of candles and wax matches. Japanese [jap-an-lz') [Japan, an island on the east coast of Asia]. Pertaining to Japan or its inhabit- ants. J. Method of Resuscitation ; it consists in drawing forward the tongue and making rapid passes with paper fans soaked in water and aqua ammoniae. The object is to get as much of the vapor of ammonia into the lungs as possible. This method is also called Japanese panning. J. Fanning. Seey. Method of Resuscitation. J. Hot-box, a device for applying dry-heat to a part, as the eyes. Jar [Pers., jarrah, a little cruse]. A small earthen or glass vessel without handle or spout. J., Leyden, an electric condenser consisting of a glass jar lined, exter- nally and internally, in its lower two-thirds with tin. See Leyden. Jargon (jar'-gon) [ME., jargoun, chattering]. Con- fused, unintelligible talk ; gibberish ; babble ; charac- teristic of some forms of idiocy and insanity. Jargonize (jar' -gon-lz) [ME., jargoun, chattering]. To utter unintelligible sounds. Jarich's Ointment. An ointment containing pyrogallic acid, gj, and lard, one ounce. Jarjavay's Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Jasmine (jaz'-min) [Pers., yasmin, jasmine]. See Jasminum. J. -yellow. See Gekemium. Jasminum (jaz'-min-um) [Pers., yasmin, jasmine]. A genus of oleaceous plants, mostly of tropical old-world origin; jasmine. Many of the species are cultivated for their fragrant flowers, and for their essential oil. Some of the species are vermifuge, others lactifuge, and still others are used in the treatment of skin-diseases. Unof. Jatropha (jni'-ro-fah) [iarpiif , a physician ; rpoilili, nourishment]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants having irritant, cathartic, and emetic properties. See Barbadoes Nut and Tapioca. J. macrorhiza, the root of a plant indigenous to Mexico and the Southern United States, possessed of alterative and cholagogue properties ; in large doses it is a hydragogue cathartic and emetic. Dose of the fluid extract 3 ss-ij. Unof. J. Oil, the oil of the Barbadoes nut. Jaundice (jawn'-dis) [Ft. , jaunisse, yellowness]. A condition arising from obstruction of the biliary pas- sages. It is characterized by a yellowish colorarion of the skin, and may be associated with languor, malaise, nausea, vomiting, itching of the skin, diarrhea or con- stipation, clay-colored stools, slow pulse, and depres- sion of temperature. Certain of the secretions of the body also are discolored, as the urine. J., Acute Febrile. See lyeil's Disease. J., Acute Infective. See Weil's Disease. J., Black, an extreme degree of jaundice. J., Bl\ie, a. synoaym of Cyanosis. J., Hema- JAUNE 633 JERVIN togenous, the yellowish discoloration of the skin, re- sulting from disorganization of the red blood-corpus- cles. J., Hemafecal, jaundice associated with bloody stools. J., Hepatogenic. See Hepatogenic. J., Malignant, acute yellow atrophy of the liver. J., White. Synonym of Chlorosis. Jaune {zhoti) [Fr.]. Yellow. J.-brilliant. Same as Cadmium-yellow. Java Tea. The leaves of Orthosiphon staminceus, the infusion of which is reputed to be diuretic in doses of Sj-ij. See Orthosiphon. Javelle's Water. A solution of potassium or sodium hypochlorite. Jaw [ME., jazue, jaw]. See Maxilla. J.-bone, a maxilla, especially the inferior maxilla. J.-disease, a. term for phosphorus-necrosis. J.-jerk, a tendon reflex obtained by suddenly depressing the lower jaw. See Reflexes, Table of. J.-less, without jaws. J., Lock, or Locked. See Trismtis. J., Dumpy, actinomycosis of cattle. J.-pocking, a Scottish term for Wattles, q. V. J.-tooth, a molar tooth. Jaws {jawz). See Maxillary Bones. Jealousy i^jel'-us-e) [ME., jalous, jealous]. A feeling of resentful suspicion caused by belief in the rivalry of another person in the love or favor of one's hus- band or wife. When excessive, unreasonable, or abnormal, it may be looked upon as a symptom of insanity. JecinoTous (^jes-in' -or-us) [^jecur, jecoris, liver]. He- patic. Jecoral {jek'-or-al), Jecorary (jek'-or-a-re), Jeco- rose {jek'-or-os) \_jecur, jecoris, liver]. Hepatic; relating to the liver. Jecorin \jek'-or-iri) \_jecur, jecoris, liver] , CjjjHjjjN^- SP3O4J. A complex body found by Drechsel in the liver-substance. In its properties it somewhat resem- bles lecithin, but it reduces Fehling's solution. It occurs also in the spleen, muscle, brain, etc. Jecur (/f'-ifr) [L.]. The liver. J. aselli, the liver of the cod-fish. J. lardaceum, waxy or lardaceous liver. Jeffersonia (jef-er-so'-ne-ah) [after Thomas Jefferson, a president of the U. S.]. A genus of berberidaceous plants. J. diphylla, a N. American berberidaceous plant, useful in rheumatism, and a good substitute for senega. It is tonic and in large doses expectorant ; it is also called rheumatism-root and twin-leaf. See Twin-leaf. Unof. Jeffries, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Jejunal [jej-u'-nal) [jejunus, dry]. Pertaining to the jejunum. Jejunitas {je-ju'-nit-as) [L.]. Fasting. Jejunitis \jej-u-ni' -tis) [jejunus, dry ; ltl(, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the jejunum. Jejunium (Je-ju'-ne-um) [L. , pi. , Jejunia'\ . A fast. Jejuno-colostomy [jej-u-no-ko-los' -to-me) [jejunus, dry; Ki>\m, colon; ard/ia, mouth]. The surgical formation of an artificial passage between the jejunum and the colon. Jejuno-ileitis {jej-u-no-il-e-i^-tis) [jejunus, dry ; eVkeiv, to roll ; (Tif, inflammation]. Inflammation of the jejunum and the ileum. Jejuno-ileostomy {jej-u-no-il-e-os'-to-me) [jejunus, dry; eZXew, to roll; arifm, mouth]. The surgical formation of an artificial communication between the jejunum and the ileum. Jejunostomy {^jej-u-nos' -to-me) [jejunus, dry ; ardjia, mouth] . The making and maintenance of an artificial opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum. The operation is designed to permit the introduction of food in cases of carcinoma of the pylorus and sim- ilar affections. Jejurio-typhoid (jej-u-no-ti'-foid) : ; eioof , likeness]. ~ [/ejunus, dry; Ti0of, smoke ; eirfof , likeness]. Typhoid fever with involvement of the jejunum or its glands. Jejunum (jej-u'-num) [jejunus, dry, empty, because thought to be empty after death]. The two-fifths of c. Cardiac, p. Pyloric parts of stomach, d. Duodenum, i. Jejunum and ileum, ac. Ascending, tc. transverse, and dc. descending colon, r. Rectum, a. Anus. the small intestine extending between the duodenum and the ileum. Also a synonym of Fasting. Jelly {jel'-e) [gelare, to freeze]. In pharmacy, a soft, non-viscid, but somewhat elastic substance, of which hydrated gelatin is the best example. Domestic fruit- jellies consist of the inspissated juice of the fruit, with one or two parts of sugar, together with the natural mucilage of the seeds of the fruit. Many of the imported jellies sold in the United States contain no fruit-juice, being for the greater part ordinary animal gelatin acidified with tartaric acid, and flavored arti- ficially. J., Glycerin. See Mounting-media ; also, Glycerin-jelly. J., Wharton's. See Wharton. Jennerian [jen-lr' -e-an) [after Jenner, an English physician]. Pertaining to Jenner, or to the theory or practice of vaccination. Jensen's Fissure. See Fissures, Table of. Jequiritin [jek-ir'-it-in). A soluble active principle obtained from jequirity seeds. See Abrus. Jequirity [jek-ir'-it-e). See Abrus. Jerk [origin uncertain]. See Chin-jerk, Elbow-jerk, Jaw-jerk, Knee-jerk, Toe-jerk, etc. J. -finger. See Spring-finger. Jerkers {jerk'-erz). See Jumpers. Jerks [origin uncertain]. A form of hysteric and almost maniacal agitation, accompanied by sudden distortions of the body. It has been epidemic in certain seasons of unusual religious excitement. Jersey Tea. See Red-root. Jervin (^jer'-vin) [jerva, green hellebore-root], CjsH3,N03 ; a poisonous, crystalline alkaloid found in varieties of veratrum. JESUITS' BARK 634 JUNIPERUS Jesuits' Bark. A name for Cinchona. J. Drops. See Wade' s Balsam. Jetolin [jei'-o-lin). See Pigments, Conspectus of. Jewel-weed (ju'-el-wSd). See Impatiens. Jewlap (ju'-lap). See Dewlap. Jigger Flea. See Pulex. Jimjams [jim'-jamz) [slang]. A vulgar synonym of delirium tremens. Jimson {Jim'-sun). See Datura stramonium. Jingko [jing'-ko). See Gingko. Job's Tears. See Coix lacrima. Jobert's Suture. See Suture. Joe Pye Weed. See Eupatorium purpureum. Johnson's Picro-saccharimeter. See Picro-saccharim- eter. Joint [MIK.jjoynt, a joint]. See Articulation. J.-dis- ease, any morbid affection involving the joints and their surrounding tissues. J., Charcot's, a disease of the joints accompanying tabes dorsalis. It is charac- terized by a swelling, due to effusion of fluid into the articular cavity and about the surrounding tissues, follovfed by a lax condition, and ending in distortion or deformity of the joint, sometimes with diminished range of motion, and at other times with excessive range of motion. J.-felon. See /.-ill. J.-ill, a term applied to two very different forms of disease in cattle: I. To septic arthritis, reisvXi.vagi'coTa septic inflammation of the navel ; 2. To an acute exudative arthritis, in which large quantities of plastic lymph are thrown into the cavity of the joint, leading to per- manent stiffening and deformity. J.-less, without joints. J. -mice. See Corpora libera articulorum. J. -oil, the synovia. Jones's (Bence) Albumin. See Albumin. Jorissenne's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Joule {jool) [after J. P. Joule, an English physicist]. A heat-unit, equal to one calorie divided by 4200. See Electric Units. J.'s Law. See Law. Jowl {jol or joul) [ME., /o//.?, jaw]. The cheek. Judas Tree (Ju'-das tre). Red-bud. The bark of Cercis canadensis, an astringent, much used in diar- rhea, and as an injection in leukorrhea. Dose of the fid. ext., n\,xv-3j. Unof. Jugal [ju'-gal) [jugum, a yoke]. Connecting or uniting, as by a yoke. J. Bone, the malar bone. J. Points. See Craniometric Points. J. Process. See Zygoma. Juglandin [jitg-lan'-din] [juglans, a walnut]. A precipitate from a tincture of the root-bark of Butter- nut, Juglans cinerea; it is alterative, tonic, laxative, detergent, etc. Dose 2 to 5 grains. Unof. Juglans (jug'-lanz) [L. , " walnut"]. A genus of trees, including the true walnut. J. regia, the European walnut, has stimulant and alterative leaves, which have been found useful in expelling tapeworm. The black walnut, J. nigra, has the same properties. Butternut, the inner bark (collected in autumn) of the roots of J. cinerea, is a mild cathartic, very popu- lar in dysentery and chronic constipation. Dose of the ext., gr. V x. Juglone {jug'-lon) [Juglans, walnut], C,„H5(02).OH. An active principle existing in the bark of the Euro- pean walnut ; it is also obtained by oxidizing hydrojug- lone with ferric chlorid. It is almost insoluble in water, consists of yellow needles, and melts with decomposi- tion at about 150-155° C. It has the smell of fresh walnuts, and is a powerful sternutatory. Unof. Jugo-maxillary {ju' -go-maks' -il-a-re) \_jugum,3.yoVe ; maxilla, a jaw]. Relating to the jugular vein and the maxilla. Jug-sound. A term for amphoric resonance. Jugular [ju'-gu-lar) \_jugularis ; jugulum, throat]. Pertaining to the throat. J. Fossa. See Fossa. J. Ganglion. See Ganglia, Table. J. Veins. See Vein. Jugulation [jug-u-la' -shun) \_jugulatio, a killing]. The swift and sudden shortening of an attack of dis- ease by therapeutic measures ; also, the arrest of an epidemic by prompt and effective measures. Jugulocephalic [ju-gu-lo-sefal' -ik) [^jugulum, the throat ; Ke^ahrj, head]. Pertaining to the throat and the head. Jugulum {Jug' -u-lunC)\\j. : pi., Juguld\. The collar- bone ; also, the throat. Jugum [ju'-gum) [L. : pi., Juga"]. A yoke. In biology, a pair of leaflets in a compound leaf. J. penis, a cushioned forceps or compressor applied to the penis to prevent incontinence of urine. J. sphen- oidale, the line of fusion of the orbito-sphenoid bones. Juice {jus) \_jtis ,hrot\i\. The fluid or liquid contained in the tissue of an animal or plant. Various secretions of the body are known as juices, e.g., the gastric, intestinal, and pancreatic juices. J. -canals, spaces within the connective tissue, constituting the origin of the lymphatic vessels. J., Gastric. See Gastric. J., Intestinal, the intestinal secretion, succus entericus, the secretion of the follicles of Lieberkilhn mainly, but in the duodenum including that of Brunner's glands. J., Pancreatic. See Pancreatic. Jujube {ju'-jub) \^jujuba, fruit]. The fruit of the jujube tree, Zizyphus jujuba. J. -paste, a confection, originally containing the pulp of jujubes, but now made of gum-arabic, or of gelatin, variously flavored. Julaceous (ju-la'-she-us) [iulus, catkin]. In biology, resembling a catkin. Julep {ju'-lep) [Vers. , julab , a sweet drink]. A sweet- ened and aromatized alcoholic or medicated drink. Jumbai-bean ( jum' -bi-hm) [Negro dial., Jumbai, an evil spirit] . TJfie Leucana glauca Benth, a leguminous tree resembling the locust, found in the West Indies. The eating of the fruit or the foliage by horses and cattle results in the loss of hoofs, horns, and hair of tail and mane. Jumpers Jum'-perz) [ME., jumpen, to jump]. A name applied to those afflicted with a neurosis charac- terized by motor incoordination and convulsive move- ments of any part of the body, but especially of the lower extremities, so that springing movements or jumping movements follow efforts to walk, etc. The name has also been given to hysteric fanadcs whose devotional frenzy is accompanied by acts of leaping and distortion ; and also to certain persons whose powers of will and control over their movements are in part abolished. See Latah, Myriachit, Palmus, and Saltatoric Spasm. Jumping [jump'-ing). See Palmus. Junctura Ijunk-tu' -rah) [L.]. A suture, as of bones. June (/«») [Junius, a Roman name, meaning young]. The sixth month of the year. J. -cold. Synonym of Hay-fever. J. Lobster. See Buckle-shell. Jungle Fever. See Fever. Juniper (ju'-nip-er). See Juniperus. Juniperin [ju-nipf -er-in) [Juniperus, the juniper-tree]. A yellow, resin-like powder found in juniper-berries. Juniperus (Ju-nip'-er-m) \Y,.,gen., Juniperi]. i. A genus of berry-bearing coniferous trees. Besides the official species {%ee Juniperus, 2), there are several other medicinal species. 2. Juniper, the fruit of /. communis; its properties are mainly due to a volatile oil, and it is a stomachic tonic, diuretic, and aphrodisiac. The oil is eliminated by the kidneys. It is valuable in chronic pyelitis and cystitis. J., Infusum, unof., consists of juniper-berries gj, boiling water Oj. Jm 01., the volatile oil. Dose TtLv-xx. J., Spt., 5 parts of the oil in 95 of alcohol. Dose gj-SJ- J*' ^P*'" JUNK 635 JUXTAPOSITION Comp., the gin of commerce ; oil of juniper 8, oil of caraway I, oil of fennel I, alcohol 1400, water q. s. ad 5000 parts. Dose ^ ss-j. J. oxycedrus affords oil of cade, q. v. See also Sabina. Oil of Cade, a tar obtained by the distillation of juniper-wood ; it is sometimes used externally in eczema and psoriasis. Unof. Junk [Port.,ya»ctf, a rush]. In surgery, a quilted cushion forming a sling in which to suspend a fractured limb. It was formerly made of rushes or reeds. Junker's Inhaler. See Anesthetic. Junket (^jun¥-et) \yi.'E., junket, a. rush]. Curds and whey ; a delicacy for invalids, prepared by taking y^ pint of fresh milk heated to an agreeable tempera- ture, adding I teaspoonful of rennet or essence of pep- sin, and stirring well. Let the mixture stand till curdled, and serve with sug4r and nutmeg. Junod's Boot. A boot-shaped case, usually of stiff leather, made to enclose the leg so that, the air being exhausted, the blood-vessels and tissues of the limb are dilated by the excess of blood. It has been em- ployed to relieve inflammation and congestion of the viscera. Jurema i^ju-re' -maK) [Braz.]. A leguminous Brazilian tree, Stryphnodendron jurema. Its bark is astringent, and is said to be narcotic. Unof. Juriballi {ju-rib-al' -e) [W. Ind.]. A name for several meliaceous trees and their astringent and antipyretic bark, among which are Trichilia moschata, Soymida febrifuga, and Khaya senegalensis. Jurisprudence {ju-ris-pru'-dens) [/aj, law; prudentia, skill]. The science of the interpretation and applica- tion of the law. J., Medical, the application of med- ical knowledge to the principles of common law. Jurubeba (ju-ru-be^-baK) [Braz.]. The leaves and juice of a shrub, Solanum insidiosum, indigenous to Brazil, It is an alterative, tonic, diuretic, and drastic cathartic. Dose of the fluid extract gtt. j-v. Unof. Jury [ju'-re") [jurare, to swear]. A body of men legally appointed to determine the guilt or innocence of a prisoner, or to determine the facts in judicial inquiries. J.-leg, a wooden leg. J. of Matrons, a body of twelve matrons, formerly empaneled in Erig- land to determine if a murderess, for whom such plea was made, were pregnant. J. -mast, a steel shaft with curved iron rods attached, sometimes employed to sup- port the head in disease of the upper vertebrae ; it is mainly used in connection with Sayre's treatment of spondylitis. See annexed illustration. Jus {jits) [L.]. See Juice, and Jusculum. Jusculum {jus'-ku-lum) [L., a decoction]. A soup or broth ; gruel or porridge. Jusetmond's Arsenical Powder. A preparation of arsenic used in various skin-affections. It consists of sulphuretted antimony, 16 parts ; arsenious acid, one part. These are melted in a crucible, and, when cold, the mass is reduced to a powder, and five parts of extract of opium are added. Justicia [jus-tis'-e-ah) [named from a. Mr. Justice, a, botanist] . A genus of acanthaceous herbs and shrubs. J, adhatoda is antispasmodic and febrifuge. J. ec- bolium is anti-icteric, diuretic, and deobstruent. J. echioides, diuretic. J. gendarussa, diaphoretic. J. pectoralis is bechic and stomachic. Unof. Justo-major Pelvis (jus'-to-ma'-jor). See Pelvis, Female, Deformities of. Justo-minor Pelvis. See Pelvis, Female, Deform- ities of. Jute {jut) [Beng., jut, matted hair]. The bast fiber of two species of tiie genus Corchorus, grown chiefly in India and Ceylon. The fibers have a length of 2.5 meters, or even more, are of a yellowish- white color, and have a fine luster. Jute contains no free cellulose, but consists of bastose. When treated with iodin and sulphuric acid, it yields a deep-brown color. Juvantia {ju-van' -she-ah) [L., "aiding"]. Adjuvant remedies or medicines. See Adjuvant. Jury-mast. (Sayre.) Juventus {ju-ven'-tus) \_juvenis, young]. A term formerly applied to that period of life between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-five years. Juxtaposition {juks-tak-po-zish' -un) \Juxta, near ; posi- ^20, position]. Situation adjacent to another; the act of placing near; apposition. K 636 KARTULIS, BACILLUS OF K. The symbol of Kalium, or its more commonly used equivalent, Potassium. K., or Ka. In electrotherapeutics, the abbreviation of Kathode, or of Kathodic. Kaateer's Method. A method of staining tubercle- bacilli. See Stains, Table of. Kabbalistic, Cabalistic (kab-al-is' -tik) \W.e:h., gabba- lah, reception]. Pertaining to the Kabbala, which included a system of the treatment of diseases by su- pernatural agencies. Kaif {kif) [Arab.]. Languor; dreamy enjoyment; sensuous tranquillity, such as follows the use of cer- tain drugs (like opium, or hashish). Kairin (ki'-rin) [/ca«p, nucleus ; fUTO^, a thread]. Relating to karyomitosis. Karyomitoma {kar-e-o-mit-o' -mah). See Cell-body. Karyomiton {kar-e-om'-it-on). See Chromatin. Karyomitosis (kar-e-p-mit-o'-sis) [mpvov, nucleus ; idroQ, a thread]. The division or splitting of the nuclear mass of chromatin-fibers. Karyomitotic {kar-e-o-mit-of -ik) [^ic&pvov, nucleus ; jiWoi, a thread] . Relating to karyomitosis. Karyoplasm (kar'-e-o-plazni) \iw.pvm>, a nut, kernel ; xldafia, anything formed]. In biology, the nuclear substance of a cell. See Chromatin. Karyoplasma {kar-e-o-plaz'-mah). Same as Karyo- plasm. Karyosoma {kar-e-o-so' -maK) \«.dpvov, nucleus ; naim, a body, pi. , Karyosomata'\ . A nuclear microsoma ; a round body resembling a nucleolus, contained in the segmentation-nucleus of the ovum. Karyostasis {kar-e-os' -ta-sis) [jiapvov, nucleus; ard- Big, a stoppage]. The resting-stage of nuclei of cells. It is opposed to karyokinesis. Karyostatic (kar-e-o-stai'-ik) \mpmv, nucleus ; ardaif, a stoppage]. Pertaining to karyostasis. Karyostenosis {kar-e-o-ste-no' -sis) \_Kdpvov, a nucleus ; arevdg , narrow; arspdeiv, to make narrow]. The sim- ple division of the nucleus of a cell. This process is called also akinetic, or direct division, Kassu {kas'-oo) [E. Ind.]. A black astringent sub- stance obtained from areca nuts, and used for the same purpose as true catechu. Kata- (kat'-ah-). For words thus beginning, and not found under K. , see Cata-. Katabolergy {kat-ab-oV -er-je) . See Catabolergy . Katabolic [kat-ab-ol'-ik). See Catabolic. K. Nerves, thermo-excitory, as distinguished from anabolic, or thermo-inhibitory, nerves. Katabolism {kat-ab'-o-lizm). See Catabolism. Katacrotic [kat-ak-rott-ik). Same as Catadicrotic. Katadicrotic {kat-ah-di-krof-ik) . See Catadicrotic. Katadicrotism {kat-ad-ik' -rot-izrri). See Catadicrotism. Katadidymus {kat- ad-id' -im-us). See Catadidymus. Katalepsy (kat'-al-ep-se). See Catalepsy. Katalysis (kat-al'-is-is'). See Catalysis. Katantostomus (kat-an-to-sto' -mus). See Catantosto- mus, Katanturaniscus {kat-an-tur-an-is'-kus). See Catan- turaniscus. Katanturanus {kat-an-tur' -an-us). See Catanturanus. Kataplasm {kai'-ap-lazm'). See Poultice. Katastate (kaf-as-tdt). See Catastate. Katatonia (iat-at-o'-ne-ah). .See Catatonia. Katelectrotonic {kat-el-ek-tro-ton' -ik) . See Catelectro- tonic. K. Zone. See Zone. Katelectrotonus {kai-el-ek-trot'-o-ntts). See Catelec- trotonus. Katharophore {kath-ar' -o-for) [mBapd^, clean ; ophw, to carry]. An instrument for cleansing the urethra. Katharsis {kath-ar' -sis). See Catharsis. Kathetometer {kath-et-om' -et-er) [Kara, against ; /ih- pov, measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the level of fluids. Kathion {kath'-e-on). See Cation. Kathode {kath'-od) [/card, down; 'oS6^, path]. The negative pole of a galvanic battery. Kathodic {kath-od'-ik) {jcard, down; 6S6q, path]. Pertaining to the kathode or negative pole of a galvanic battery. In biology, turned in the opposite direction to that of the genetic spiral. K. Closure-contraction, the muscular contraction occurring when the circuit is closed with the rheophore on a motor point. K. Opening-contTaction, the muscular contraction that occurs when the circuit is opened. KATIN 638 KERATECTASIA Katin [kat'-iri) \hx.,kat, kkat, khat]. An alkaloid found in Catha edulis, with properties somewhat like those of caffein. Kation [kat'-e-on). See Cation and Electrolysis. Katostomus (kat-os' -to-mus'). See Catostomus. Katouraniscus {kat-o-u'-ran-is'-kus'). See Catouran- iscus. Katouranus [kat-o-u'-ran-us). See Catouranus. Kauri (kow'-re). Same as Cowdie. K. Gum. See Cowdie-gum. Kava,or Kava-kava(^aA'-z'a^)[Hawaiian]. Ava-kava. The root and also the resin oi Piper methysticumfl.^xv!a native to South America and the South Sea Islands. It is a diuretic and motor depressant, producing in- toxication when taken in large doses. In small and moderate doses it resembles coca in its action in allay- ing fatigue. Dose of the fluid extract g ss-j . Unof . Kavain (kah' -va-iri) [Hawaiian, ^aj/o]. A neutral sub- stance obtained from the roots of kava-kava. Kavia, Kaviac, or Kaviar (kav'-e-ah, kwv'-e-ak, kav'- e-dr). See Caviar. Keasbey and Mattison's Food. A variety of Liebig's food for infants. Its composition is: Water .27.95 ; fat, none; grape-sugar, 36^75; cane-sugar, 7.58; no starch; soluble carbohydrates 7 1. 50; no albuminoids; ash, 0.93. Keber's Coipuscles. Oval or lens-shaped bodies present in the ova of fresh-water mussels. Keel (kel) [AS., ceol, a ship]. In biology, a projecting ridge on a surface, as the two anterior petals of a pap- ilionaceous corolla, or the crest of the breast-bone. Keen's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Keeper (ke'-per). See Armature. Keere nugra. Synonym of Madura Foot. Kefir (ka'-fir). See Kefyr. Kefyr [ka'-fer) [Caucasian]. A nutritious substance obtained by a peculiar fermentation of cows' milk pro- duced by certain fungi. K.-seed, a substance con- taining the ferment (Bacillus caucasicus) of kefyr. It is used in preparing the genuine kefyr. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Kehrer's Operation. See Cesarean Operation, in Opera- tions, Table of. Keimplasm, Keimplasma (klm'-plazm, kim'-plaz- mah) [Ger., Keim, germ, bud; ■K^.aafj.a, plasm]. Weissmann's term for the hereditary transmission of a nuclear matter or germ-plasm that he believes to be passed on from generation to generation without altera- tion. See Germ-plasm. Kelectome {ke' -lek-toni) \Ki{kq, a tumor ; in., out ; Tkfivnv, to cut] . A cutting instrument introduced in- to a tumor, by means of a cannula, in order to obtain a part of the substance for examination. Kelis (ke'-lis) [/tjy/li'f , spot : pi., Kelides^. i. The same as morphea or scleroderma. 2. See Keloid. Kellgrenism [kel' -gren-izm) [after J. H. Kellgren, 1889]. A system of charlatanry that professes to cure disease by manipulation, which leads to the dis- charge of a " broach ' ' of gaseous matter passing from the patient through the operator. Kellin [kel' -in). A glucosid from the fruit of Ammi visnaga. It is said to affect the respiration and the pulse, and to have a paralyzant effect upon the lower extremities. Kellner's Ocular, or Eye-piece. See Ocular. Keloid [ie'-loid) [;i;)7/l7 , a claw ; eWof, likeness], Che- loid ; Alibert's Keloid ; Kelis. A term applied to an overgrowth of scar-tissue, and also to fibrous out- growths of the skin of a similar character, apparently spontaneous in origin, though many of them are traceable to comparatively trifling lesions of the skin. This is a rather rare disease, and affects the colored races more than the white. It is commonest in mid- dle age ; its favorite sites are the sternum, shoulders, and neck. The lesion is crab-like in appearance, hence its name. K. of Addison, forms contractions of the skin and fasciae, giving a hide-bound look to the part. It arises spontaneously at the sites of cicatrices and other injuries to the skin. See Diseases, Table of. Kelology (ke-lol' -o-je) \K.rikri, hernia ; Viyo^, science]. The science of hernias. Kelotomy (ke-lot'-o-me). See Celotomy and Hernio- tomy. Kelp [origin obscure], i. Burnt sea- weed, from which iodin is obtained. 2. The Fucacece laminariee and other large sea-weeds. Kelvin [kel'-vin) [in honor of Lord Kelvin^ A com- mercial unit of electricity ; one thousand watt-hours. Kemperdick's Apparatus. An apparatus for reducing the temperature in fever. It consists of a rubber bag to be introduced into the rectum having an entrance- tube and an exit-tube, thus permitting a continuous flow of water. Kempherid (kem'-fer-id) [after Kcempfer, a German traveler] , CjgHjjOg. A yellow, crystalline body ob- tained from the resin of Kcempferia galanga. Kenogenesis (ken-o-jen' -es-is) [Kcvdf, empty; yheai^, genesis]. Evolution of forms not true to the parental type, but variously adapted or modified. A vitiated individual development in which the phylogenetic evo- lution is not truly epitomized. Kenogenetic [ken-o-jen-ef -ik) \«z\i6^, empty; yhieai(, generation]. In biology, having a vitiated germ- history. Kenogeny {ken-oj'-en-e). See Kenogenesis. Kenophobia [ken-o-fo' -be-aK) \Kev6^, empty ; 0(i;3of, fear]. The morbid fear of open spaces or places. Same as Agoraphobia. Kenosis (ken-o' -sis'). See Cenosis. Kenospudia (ken-o-spu'-de-ah). See Cenospudia. Kentish Ointment. The compound resin-ointment made by adding one dram of turpentine to each ounce of the ordinary resin-ointment. It is a useful stimulat- ing application to severe burns. Kentrokinesis (ken-tro-kin-e' -sis) {Kivrpav, center, spur ; idmiaic, motion]. The influence of any motor nerve- center ; excito-motor action. Kentucky Coffee-bean. See Chicot. Kephalic (kef-al'-ik) [ke^qII^, head] . See Cephalic. K. Acid. An acid described by Thudichum as existing in brain-tissue. Kephalin [kef'-al-in). See Cephalin. Kephalograph [kef'-al-o-graf). See Cephalograph. Kephalometer (kefal-om' -et-er). See Cephalometer. Kephalo-phosphoric Acid {kef'-al-b-fos-for'-ik). See Acid. Kephalyl (kef'-al-it) \j<£(jia7Ji, head ; vhi, matter, prin- ciple]. The radicle of kephalic acid. Kephyr [ka'-fir). See Kefyr. Keracele [ker'-as-ll) [idpaq, horn ; KijXr!, tumor]. A homy tumor on the hoof of horses. Keraphyllocele [ker-af-il' -o-sll) [jiipag, horn ; (jAXhni, leaf; n^Xr;, tumor]. A homy growth between the covering of the horse's hoof and the deeper tissues. Keraphyllous [ker-af-il' -us) \«.kpaq, horn ; i^VKkiv, leaf]. Composed of homy layers. Kerasene, or Kerasin [ker'-as-en or ker'-as-in) [x^paf, horn], C^„H|nNOg. A nitrogenous substance; one of the cerebrins obtained from brain-substance. Keratalgia [ker-at-al' -je-ah) \Kkpaq, cornea; oAyof, pain]. Pain in the cornea. Keratectasia [ker-at-ek-ta' -se-ah) [/c^pof, hom, cornea; iKTaaig, extension]. The forward protrusion or bulging of the cornea. A bulging forward of the deeper layers KERATECTOMY 639 KERATODERMATITIS of the cornea, after loss of the superficial lamina. It differs from staphyloma in the absence of perforation, and in the non-involvement of the iris. Keratectomy {ker-at-ek'-to-me) [aepag, horn, cornea ; inToiiij, a cutting out]. Surgical excision of a part of the cornea. Keratiasis (ker-at-i' -as-is) \Kkpaq, horn]. A morbid condition characterized by the growth of horny excres- cences. Keratic (ker-at'-ik) \jikpag, horn]. Horny. Keratin \ker'-at-in) [jiipag, horn]. The basis of homy tissues, hair, nails, feathers, etc. It is a mixture of various complex substances. Decomposed, it yields leucin and ty rosin. It is used in pharmacy. Keratinian (ker-at-in'-e-an) \jdpaQ, horn]. Relating to keratin or to the cornea. Keratinization [ker-at-in-iz-a'-skun) [jiipa^, horn]. 1 . The development of a homy quality in a tissue. 2. The coating of pills with keratin. Keratitis [ker-at-i' -tin) [jdpa(, cornea ; iTiq, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the cornea. K., Asthenic. See A'.'," Phlyctenular. • K., Astigmatic, a form of keratitis said to be due to uncorrected astigmatism. K. bullosa, the formation of large or small blebs upon the cornea of an eye, the seat of iridocyclitis, inter- stitial keratitis, or glaucoma. K., Circumscribed, limited to a part of the cornea. K. contagiosa, a contagious, suppurative variety occurring in cattle. K., Cretaceous, a calcareous infiltration of the cor- neal epithelium. K., Deep. See K. profunda. K., Diffuse, ^e. K., Interstitial. K., Dotted. See K. punctata. K., Fascicular, a form of phlyctenular keratitis in which one of the ulcers, originally formed at the margin of the cornea, creeps across its sur- face, followed by a leash of distended blood-vessels. K., Granular, due to conjunctival granulations ; pannus. K., Herpetic, characterized by the forma- tion of small vesicles on the cornea, which ulcerate and then heah Relapses are common. K., Hypo- pyon, an ulcerative form accompanied by the forma- tion of pus in the anterior chamber. K., Inherited. See K., Interstitial. K., Interstitial, a form of keratitis in which the entire cornea is invested with a diffuse haziness, almost completely hiding the iris. The surface of the cornea presents a ground-glass appearance. Later, from ciliary injection, blood-ves- sels form in the superficial layers of the cornea, and produce a- dull-red color, the ' ' salmon patch ' ' of Hutchinson. The entire cornea may become cherry- red. The disease is most frequent between the ages of five and fifteen, and occurs in sjrphilitic individ- uals. K. maculosa. See K. superficialis punc- tata. K., Marginal, a form of phlyctenular keratitis in which the phlyctenules are arranged around the margin of the cornea. K. marginalis, a rare form of keratitis that must not be confounded with the marginal form of phlyctenular keratitis. It occurs in elderly people, and consists of a yellowish-gray zone of opacity immediately joining the sclera, which pushes into the clear cornea and occupies about one-half the circumference. K. neuroparalytica, keratitis fol- lowing paralysis of the fifth nerve. It does not usually occur in partial paralysis of the nerve. Its cause is loss of trophic influence, aided by mechanical irritation and drying of the cornea. K. of Reapers, a traumatic form due to irritation of the comese of reapers by beards of grain. K. pannosa, a superfi- cial form in which blood-vessels develop beneath and in the epithelium. The latter undergoes hyperplasia and becomes in part opaque. K., Parenchymatous. See K., Interstitial. K., Phlegmonous. See K. purulenta. K., Phlyctenular, a disease of the eye characterized by the formation upon some portion of the cornea of small papules or pustules, often asso- ciated with the formation of a similar lesion upon the conjunctiva. It is marked by much local congestion , lacrymation, and intense photophobia. The papules may develop into ulcers. K. profunda, an unusual form of keratitis characterized by the formation of a gray opacity in the center of the cornea, covered by superficial and stippled corneal layers. K. punctata. 1. A secondary affection of the comea in association with affections of the iris, choroid, and vitreous. It is characterized by the formation of opaque dots, gener- ally arranged in a triangular manner upon the poste- rior elastic lamina of the cornea. It is sometimes des- ignated as Descemetitis. 2. Also a term given to an inflammatory affection of the comea in which isolated white spots appear in Descemet's membrane, sur- rounded by cloudy areas. It occurs in children before puberty, and is probably syphilitic. K. purulenta, accompanied by the formation of pus. K., Pustular. See K., Phlyctenular. K., Rheumatic, occurring in a rheumatic subject. K., Ribbon-like, a name applied to the formation of a transverse calcareous film qn the comea, especially in elderly people. It is usually symmetric, and occurs chiefly in men of the gouty diathesis. K. scrofulosa, ^^e. K. , Interstitial, K., Secondary, due to disease of other parts. K., Spe- cific. See IC. , Interstitial. K., Strumous. See j^'., Phlyctenular, and K. , Interstitial. K. subepithelialis centralis. See K. superficialis punctata. K. su- perficialis punctata, a disease of the cornea asso- ciated with severe conjunctivitis and with catarrh of the respiratory tract. In two or three days punctiform or linear spots appear immediately beneath the epithe- lium, the overlying conjunctiva being slightly hazy. It is also called K. subepithelialis centralis, and K. macu- losa. K. suppurativa. See K. pui-ulenta. K., Sympathetic, that following inflammation of the other eye. K., Syphilitic. See K., Interstitial. K. taenulosa. See K. , Phlyctenular. K., Trach- omatous. See Pannus. K., Traumatic, that conse- quent upon wounds or other injury of the cornea. K. ulcerosa, a form in which one or more ulcers involv- ing part of the cornea are present. K. variolosa, that occurring in smallpox. It is purulent and often arises from a corneal pustule. K. , Vascular, a superficial vascularity of the comea occurring in pannus, etc. K., Vesicular. See K., Phlyctenular. Keratocele [ker' -at-o-sll) [/cepffif, cornea; /c^/l>7, tumor]. A hernia of Descemet's membrane through the cornea. Keratochromatosis [her-at-o-kro-mat-o'-sis) . [^K.'F.pa(, horn ; xP'^/^'^t color] . Discoloration of the cornea. Kerato-conjunctivitis (ker' -nt-o-kon-junk-tiv-i' -tis) \_Kepag, horn, cornea ; conjunctivus , connecting ; iTiq, inflammation]. Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva. Kerato-conometer [ker-at-o-ko-nom' -et-er) \_Kkpa(, cornea ; Kcmog, cone ; /lerpov, measure]. An instru- ment for estimating astigmatism by the images reflected from the comea. Keratoconus {her-at-o-ho'-nus). See Keratoglobus . Keratode [ker' -at-od) [jdpaQ, horn ; eISoq, like] . The horny substance composing the skeleton of certain sponges. Keratodeocele (ker-at-od'-e-o-sel),' See Keratocele. Keratodeonyxis (ker-at-od-e-o-niks'-is'). See Kerat- onyxis. Keratoderma [ker-at-o-der' -mah) [nipag, horn ; dtpjia, skin]. I. The cornea. 2. Ahomy condition of the skin. Keratodermatitis (ker-at-o-der-mat-i' -tis) [jikpat, horn ; Skpp-a, skin; /, tumor]. See KeratoceU. Keratodermatomalacia (ker' -at-o-der-mat-o-mal-a' -se- aK) [(ci/DOf, horn; Sep/ia, skin; ftaXaKca, softness]. Softening of the cornea. Keratodermatosis {ker-at-o-der-mat-o'-sis) [/cepof, horn ; dip/ia, skin ; v6ao(, disease]. A skin-affection characterized by alteration in the homy elements of the skin. Keratodertnia {ker-at-o-der^ -nie-aK) [/ct paf , horn ; dEpfia, skin]. See Keratoderma. K. erythematosa sym- metrica, tylosis of the soles and palms, in which the homy patches show a broken-up surface. Keratodermites [ker-at-o-der-mi' -tez) \_idpa^, hom ; dtpp-a, skin ; itlq, inflammation]. A group of in- flammatory scaly skin-affections. Keratogenous Uter-at-oj' -en-us) [jdpag, hom ; yevvav, to beget]. Pertaining to the formation of horny growths. K. Membrane, that part of the skin or layer of corium that develops into nails, claws, and hoofs. Keratoglobus {ker-at-o-glo' -bus) [/cepof, cornea ; globus, a ball]. Distention and protrasion of the cornea. The sclerotic may also become distended in severe cases. When so extensive as to prevent closure of the lids, it has been called buphthalmos. When the dis- tention is transparent, regular, and cone-shaped, the apex of the cone being the center of the cornea, it is called keratoconus, or conical cornea. When the pro- trusion is opaque, or connected with synechia of the iris, it is called staphyloma of the cornea, or anterior staphyloma. When due to increase in the fluids of the eye, with increased tension and uniform ectasia, it is called hydrophthalmos. Enlargement of the cornea is also called megalo-cornea. Keratoglossus [ker' -at-o-glos' -us) \jikpaq, hom ; ykaaaa, tongue] . See Muscles, Table of. Keratohyalin (ker' -at-o- hi' -al-in) [fc^pof, horn ; va>x)Q, glass]. A peculiar substance occurring in granules in the deeper layers of the skin. These granules are in- soluble in ether, alcohol, and water, and are present in the process of comification of the rete cells. See also Eleidia. Keratoid (Jker'-ai-oid) [idpai;, hom ; elSo^, like]. Hornlike. Kerato-iritis (ker'-at-o-i-ri'-tis) [/c^puf , cornea ; Ipii, iris; mq, inflammation]. Combined inflammation of the cornea and the iris. Keratoleukoma [ker-at-o-lu-ko' -mah ) [/cc/DOf , hom ; 'ktvK.6q, white: pL, Keratoleukomata], A leukoma or whitish opacity of the cornea. Keratolysis (ker-at-ol' -is-is) \Ktpaq, hom ; Maig, solu- tion]. Deciduous skin ; a curious and rare condition of the skin in which the latter, like the serpent's, is cast off periodically , that of the limbs coming off like a glove or a stocking. Keratolytic (ker-at-o-lif -ik ) \Ktpaq, horn ; /Idffif , solu- tion] . Pertaining to keratolysis. Keratoma (ker-at-o'-mah ) [(cspaf , hom ; hpa, tumor : //., Keratomatd\. I. See Callositas. 2. Congenital ichthyosis ; the presence, dating from fetal life, of homy plates upon the integument. Keratomalacia (ker-at-o-mal-a' -se-ah ) \K.ipaq, cornea ; fiakaida, softness]. A softening of the corneal tissue. Keratome (ker' -at-oni) \iikpaq, cornea ; ropfi, a cutting]. A knife with a peculiar trowel-like blade, used for making the incision into the cornea in the operation of iridectomy. Keratometer (ker-at-om' -et-er) \is.kpaq, cornea; fiirpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the curves of the cornea. Keratomycosis (ker-at-o-mi-ko'-sis) [idpaq, cornea ; /iiiKTic, fungus]. A fungoid growth of the cornea, or the diseased condition therewith associated. K. aspergillina, a form characterized by the presence of Aspergillus glaucus. Keratoncus (ker-at-ong' -kus) \Kkpa^, horn ; 4y/cof, a tumor]. Any horny tumor. Keratonosis [ker-at-on' -o-sis). See Keratosis. Keratonyxis (ker-at-o-niks' -is) [Ktpaq, cornea ; i^fif, needling]. The needling of a soft cataract by punc- ture through the cornea ; also, the old operation of couching a cataract with the needle. Keratoplasia (ker-at-o-pla' -ze-ah) [K^pof, horn ; Tr^dff- auv, to form]. The reparative renewal of the horny layer of the skin. Keratoplastic (ker-at-o-plas' -tik) \jdpaQ, hom; vlaan- ii6(, formed] . Pertaining to keratoplasty. Keratoplasty (ker' -at-o-plas-te) [/cepaf , cornea ; Tr^off- auv, to form]. Plastic operation upon the cornea, especially the transplantation of a button or excised, portion of cornea from the eye of a lower animal to that of man. This is effected by means of a peculiar trephine, with which the tissue to be transplanted is removed from the animal's eye and the place for its reception is made in the human eye. The operation is sometimes called trephining the cornea. Keratorrhexis (ker-at-or-eks' -is) [/ccpaf , hom ; pfi^v^, rupture] . Rupture of the cornea, due to ulceration or traumatism. Keratoscleritis (ker-at-o-skle-ri' -tis) [/c^paf , cornea ; ckXtip6q, hard ; itli, inflammation]. Inflammation of the cornea and the sclera. Keratoscope (ker'-at-o-skop) [/cepaf , cornea ; cKtrntiv, to observe] . An instrument for examining the cornea, and testing the symmetry of its meridians of curvature. Keratoscopy (ker-at-os' -ko-pe) \Kkpai;, cornea ; GKonelv, to observe]. Examination of the cornea. See Retin- oscopy. Keratose (ker'-at-os) [jiipaq, horn]. Homy. Keratosis (ker-at-o' -sis) [ntpaQ, horn; iJiStTOf, disease]. Any one of a class of skin-diseases characterized by thickened epidermis, and the presence of such callosities as horns, warts, etc. See Callosity. K. foUicularis. See Doner's Disease. K. obturans, a condition of the external auditory meatus due to desquamation of the epithelium, the mass being colored by cerumen and containing cholesterin-crystals. K. pilaris. Lichen pilaris ; Lichen spinulosus ; Pityriasis pilaris ; a chronic affection of the skin marked by a pin-head-sized coni- cal elevation investing the hair-follicle, and somewhat resembling gooseflesh and ichthyosis. The skin be- comes dry and hard, and feels like a nutmeg-grater. The disease appears in workingmen who are uncleanly, and in scrofulous children, and it occurs chiefly on the thighs, arms, and forearms. K. senilis, a comifica- tion of the skin of old people, general or partial, cir- cumscribed or diffuse, and often limited to certain defi- nite regions, as the face and dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet. The lesions consist of light or dark yellowish, brownish, or blackish points, dry, scaling, and homy, or scaling and greasy. These may become the seat of an epitheliomatous process. Keratotome (ker'-at-o-tom). See Keratome. Keratotomy (ker-at-of -o-me) [/cipaf , cornea ; Ti/ivetv, to cut]. Surgical incision of the cornea. Keraunographic (ker-aw-no-graf -ik) [icepowiif, light- ning ; yph^uv, to write]. Pertaining to the pictorial impressions of near objects sometimes seen upon the body of a person who has been strack by lightning. Keraunoneurosis (ker-aw-no-nu-ro' -sis) [mpawiif, lightning; veipov, nerve ; vhaoq, disease]. Nervous disease due to lightning-stroke. KERAUNOPHOBIA 641 KIDNEY Keraunophobia [ker-aw-no-fo'-be-ah) [tcepawd^, light- ning; 0i};3of, dread]. Morbid dread of lightning; [Kiipiov, Kerectasia {ker-ek-ta'-se-aK). See Keratectasia. Kerectomy {ker-ek' -to-me). See Keratectomy. Kerion, or Kerium [ke'-re-on or ke'-re-um) honey-comb favus] . Same as Favus. Kerkring, Valves of. See Valve. Kermes (ker'-mez) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson]. A red dye-stuff, made up of the dried females of Coccus ilicis, an insect not unlike cochineal, found on oak-trees in the Orient. K. Mineral, a mixture of the teroxid and tersulphid of antimony, formerly much used in medicine. It is also called red antimony. Kermesine (ker'-mlz-in) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson]. Pertaining to kermes. Kermesite (ker'-mSz-lt) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson]. The native oxysulphid of antimony. Kermisin (ker' -miz-iri) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson]. Carmin-red. Kernel {ker'-nel) [ME., kirnel, a little com or grain]. I. The popular name for the pancreas or sweetbread of animals. 2 . The bundle of fat on the fore-shoulder ; any swelling or mass of flesh. 3. A nucleus. 4. In the plural, a popular term for enlarged lymphatic glands. 5. In biology, the edible portion of a drupe or an entire seed. Keloid (ker' -aid) [tepaf, horn ; eldof, like]. Horny. Kerosene (ker' -o-sen) . See Burning oil. Kerosolene (ier'-o-so-len) \k.7ip6q, wax; oleum, oil]. A colorless, volatile liquid distilled from coal-oil. It boils at 58° C. and has been used as a local anesthetic. Unof Kessel's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Ketin (kef -in), C^HgNj. I. An oily substance, boil- ing between 170° and 180° C. 2. A member of a ho- mologous series, CnH^n — ^N.^, produced by the action of sodium (or tin) and hydrochloric acid on nitroso- acetone and its homologues. Diethylketin, CjjH,^- Nj, is an oily substance, boiling at from 215° to 217° C. ; it is formed by the reduction of nitrosoethyl- acetone. Dimethylketin is a crystalline solid, soluble in ether, fusing at 87° C, and produced by the reduction of nitrosomethylacetone. Dipropyl- ketin, CuHjjNj, is an oily substance, boiling between 235° and 240° C. , and formed in the reduction of nitrosopropylacetone . Ketols (^ke'^olz). In chemistry, ketone-alcohols, con- taining both the ketone and alcohol groups. Ketone (ke'-ton) [an arbitrary variation of a«/0K^]. In chenii.stry, an organic compound consisting of the unsaturated radicle =C^0 united to two alcohol radicles. It may be considered as a. derivative of secondary alcohols, bearing the same relation to them as the aldehyds bear to the primary alcohols. The ketones are compounds in which two hydrogen atoms of an intermediate carbon atom are replaced by one atom of oxygen. They are generally volatile liquids, oi ethereal odor, insoluble in water. They are the products of the oxidation of the secondary alcohols, or of the union of carboxyl, CO, with two alkyl atoms. Ketonic (ke-ton'-ik) \ketone\ Pertaining to ketone. Ketoses (ke-to' -ses) . In chemistry, a generic name applied to the ketone alcohols, CO.CH^.OH. Ketoxims (ke-toks' -imz) . Same as Acetoxims. Kettle (ket'-l) [ME., ketel, akettle]. A vessel made of metal, used for heating liquids. K., Bronchitis. See A"., Croup. K., Croup, a contrivance for the inhala- tion of heated moist air, which may be medicated. Shaw's croup-kettle consists of an alcohol-lamp and a vessel fitted with a long tube, by means of which the 41 steam is directed downward when the mouth-piece is introduced far back into the mouth. Key (ke) [ME., keye, key]. An instrument for opening or fastening a lock. K. -forceps, Elliot's ; two in- struments are so called, the one having beaks of for- ceps and the handle of a key, for the extraction of teeth ; the other is designed for the extraction of roots of teeth that present but one side above the alveolus. They are now but little used. K. of Garengeot, an instrument for the extraction of teeth, composed of a shank with a movable clasp and a cross-bar. The clasp is applied to the inner surface of the tooth, and the extraction is accomplished by turning the handle. K., Tooth. See K. of Garengeot. Key and Retzius, Foramina of. Two foramina at the extremities of the lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle behind the upper roots of the glosso-pharyn- geal nerves. They connect the cisterna magna with the' fourth ventricle. Kiafer (ki'-af-er). See Kefir. Kibbie's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Kibe (kib). See Chilblain. Kidinga pepo (kid-in' -gah pe'-po) [African]. A name applied in Zanzibar to a disease resembling dengue. Kidney (kid'-ne) [ME., kid, the belly; nere, kidney]. One of the two large glandular organs situated in the upper and posterior portion of the abdominal cavity, LOKGITUniNAL SECTION THROUGH THE KiDNEV. (Tyson, after Henle.) 2". Boundary layer of medulla. 2'. Papillary portion of me- dulla. 3,3. Transverse section of tubules in boundary layer. 4. Fat of renal sinus. *. Transversely coursing medullary rays. 5, 5. Artery, i". Labyrinth, i'. Medullary rays. 2. Medulla, i. Cortex. C. Renal calyx. U. Ureter. A. Branch of renal artery. and especially concerned in the elimination or excre- tion of water and nitrogenous matter. It consists KIDNEY 642 KIDNEY of an outer cortical substance, and an inner medullary substance. In biology, the term is applied to the " con- tractile vacuole" of a protozoan, the "segmental organ " or " nephridium " of an annelid, the " glandu- lar organ " of a nematode worm, the " Malpighian tubules " and "shell-gland" of an arthropod, and the " organ of Bojanus " of amollusc. K., Aching, a mild subacute nephritis characterized by pain, anemia, albuminuria, and irritability of the bladder, with ex- acerbations at menstrual periods. K., Amyloid, that of amyloid degeneration. K., Arterio-sclerotic, the small, sometimes granular organ characterized by arterio-sclerosis. K., Branny, applied to the bran- like appearance of the kidney seen in the early stages of chronic parenchymatous nephritis, due to fatty de- generation occurring in spots. K., Bright's Disease of. See Bright' s Disease. K., Calices of, six to twelve membranous canals surrounding the papillae of the kid- ney, and opening into the three infundibulae. K., Cica- tricial, the final result of the so-tailed " surgical kid- ney." It is produced by the absorption of the ab- DlAGRAM SHOWING THE RELATION BORNE BY THE BLOOD- VESSELS TO THE Tubules of the Kidney. The upper half corresponds to the cortical, the lower half to the medullary part of the organ. The plain tubes are shown separately on the right, and the vessels on the left. The darkly shaded arteries send off straight branches to the pyramids and larger interlobular branches to the glomeruli, the efferent vessels of which form the plexus around the convoluted tubes. scesses and the formation of cicatrices, and by the still further contraction of the increased interstitial tissue. The kidney is small, iiTegular, and fibrous. K., Cir- rhotic. Same as K., Arterio-sclerotic, q. v. K., Contracted. Same as K., Arterio-sclerotic, q. v. K., Embolic Contracted, one the seat of a scar the result of an infarct. K., Fatty, one the seat of extensive fatty degeneration. K., Floating, one susceptible of displacement over a considerable extent of the abdomen. This condition is more frequent in females, and in the majority of cases is situated on the right side. It has been sug- gested that the term "floating kidney" be reserved for those cases in which a distinct mesonephron is present, and that ail other cases be designated by the term " movable kidney. " K., Gouty. Same as j^. Arterio-sclerotic, q. v, K., Granular. Same asA^, Arterio-sclerotic, q. v. K., Head, the pronephron. K., Hilum of. See Hilum. K., Hobnail. Same as K. , Arterio-sclerotic, q. v. K., Horseshoe, a con- genital deformity in which the two kidneys are joined together, generally at the lower, but occasionally at the upper end, by a connecting band, composed either of true renal substance or of firm fibrous tissue. K., Lardaceous. Same as K., Amyloid, q, v. K., Large Mottled, that of parenchymatous nephritis, mottled with gray patches. K., Large Red, the kidney of Bright's Disease extravasated with blood. K., Large White, one affected with lardaceous de- generation ; also, that of the advanced stage of chronic parenchymatous nephritis. K., Miciocystic, one containing many small cysts. K., Movable. See K. , Floating. K. of Pregnancy, is described as an anemic kidney with fatty infiltration of the epitheUal cells, but without any acute or chronic inflamma- tion, occurring in pregnant women. It is possibly due to a diminution of the blood-supply from toqic con- traction of the renal arteries, produced by the pres- ence of effete matter in the blood. Albumin is found in the urine. K., Palpable. Stc K. , Floating. K., Pelvis of, the funnel-shaped expansion or dilated portion of the ureter formed by the junction of the infundibula. K., Pigback, a name proposed for the large congested kidney found in alcoholics. K. -plant, the Baccharis pilularis. K., Primordial, the meso- Bowman's Capsule and Glomerulus. a. Vas afferens. e. Vas efferens. c. Capillary network of the cortex. >fe. Endothelium of the capsule, h. Origin of a con- voluted tubule. {_Landois.) nephron. K., Red Contracted. 'Sixoit ^ K. , Arterio- sclerotic, q. V. K.-root, the root and lower part of the stem of Baccharis pilularis ; used in cystitis. Unof. K., Scrofulous, one affected with tuberculous dis- ease, in which the kidney-substance is largely de- stroyed, nothing being left but a sac with thickened fibrous walls, filled with a yellow creamy or putty-like material containing fatty masses, cholesterin, tubercu- lous debris, and occasionally calcareous matter. K., Sigmoid, a congenital anomaly intermediate between the horseshoe form and complete fusion. K., Small Red Granular. Same as K., Arterio-sclerotic, q. v. K., Small White, the final stage of the large white kidney after loss of its substance from atrophy or de- generation. K., Spotted. %&ra^&s, K., Large Mot- tled. K., Surgical, a name sometimes given to pyelo- nephritis, or distention of the kidney attended with inflammation, abscesses of the cortex, and retention of urine mixed with fetid pus. K., Syphilitic, one presenting either gummata or resulting scars. KIESTINE 643 KINO K., Unsymmetric, a term given by Rokitansky to a kidney that is normal in position and conformation, though occasionally rather enlarged, its fellow being deficient. K., Wandering. See K., Floating. K., Waxy. Sanie as K., Amyloid. K.-worm. See Thread-worms and Parasites (Animal), Table of. Kiestine [ki-es'-tin'). See Gravidin. K. Test. See Gravidin Test. Kif [African]. An Algerian mixture, the principal ingredient of which is Cannabis indica. Also, the dreamy state induced by the use of hashish. Kilian's Line, See Lines, Table of. K.'s Pelvis, a halisteretic pelvis ; a pelvis the seat of osteomalacia. Killosis [kil-o'-sis] . Synonym of Strabismus. Kilogram (kil'-o-gram') [x'^'oj, one thousand ; ypd/i/ia, a gram]. One thousand grams, or 2.2 pounds avoir- dupois. Kilogrammeter {kil'-o-gram-lt'-er) [x'Aioi, one thou- sand ; ypajifia, gram ; fihpov, a measure] . A term denoting the energy required to raise one kilogram one meter in height ; equivalent to 7.233 foot-pounds. Kiloliter {iil' -o-le-ter) [;fi/ltoj, thousand ; Xnpa, a liter]. One thousand liters, or 35.31 cubic feet. Kilometer [kil' -o-me-ter) \j(l'kvoi, thousand ; n'erpov, measure]. One thousand meters, or 1093.6 yards. KUostere ikil' -o-stlr) \_x'Aioi, thousand ; arepcdg, solid]. One thousand cubic meters. Kilowatt {kil'-o-wot) [;);(/ljo(, thousand ; wattl. One thousand watts of electricity ; same as the kelvin. Kin [ME., .4!», kin]. Race; family; breed; kind; relationship. Kina, or Kino-kina {ki'-nah or ki'-no-ki'-nak). Cin- chona bark, q, v. Kinsesthesia (kin-es-tjke' -ze-aK) . See Kinesthesia, Kincough, or Kinkcough (kin'-kof or king'-kof). Synonym of Whooping-cough. Kinematic (kin-em-at'-ik) [ji'm^jta, a motion]. Pertain- ing to Kinematics. Kinematics (kin-em-af -iks) \idvrifia, a motion]. The science of motion without reference to its origin or effects. Kinepock [kln'-pok). Synonym of Vaccinia, q. v. Kinesalgia [kin-es-aV -je-ah) [^Kiv/iaig, movement ; d/lyof, pain]. Local pain following upon muscular contraction. Kinesia (kin-e'-ze-ah) [^Kim/aig, movement]. Move- ment-cure ; systematic use of motion for therapeutic or hygienic purposes. Kinesiatric [kin-es-e-af -rik) [kIvtibi^, movement ; lar- piicds, therapeutic]. Relating to kinesitherapy. Kinesiatrics (kin-es-e-af -riks) . Same as Kinesitherapy. Kinesic (kin-ez'-ik). See Kinetic. Kinesiesthesiometer (kin - ez-e -es- the - ze-om'-et-er) [fuvriaii, movement ; aladTiaig, perception ; nirpov, measure] . An instrument devised by Hitzig for testing the muscular-sense. It consists of seventeen wooden balls of the same diameter, but of different weights. Kinesiology (kin-es-e-oV -o-je) \idvriau;, motion ; U-yo^, discourse]. The science of movements, considered especially as therapeutic or hygienic agencies. Kinesiometer (kin-es-e-om' -et-er) [^Kivr/aif, motion ; fiirpm, measure]. An instrument for determining quantitatively the motion of a part. Kinesioneurosis (kin-es-e-o-nu-ro' -sis') [Kivrjaiq, move- ment; vevpov, a nerve; vdaoc, disease]. Functional abnormalism of the motor centers or nerves. Kinesionosos (kin-es-e-on' -o-sos) [sivqau;, movement ; V(Jcrof, disease]. Any disease marked by impairment of the power of motion. Kinesiotherapy (kin-es-e-o-ther' -ap-e) [niviiaiQ, move- ment; depatreia, therapy]. The treatment of disease by systematic active or passive movements. Kinesipathic {kin-es-ip-ath' -ik) \jdviiaLi, motion; ■KoBoi, disease] . Pertaining to kinesipathy. Kinesipathist (kin-es-ip' -ath-ist) [^Kiv7iai.c, motion ; nadoi, disease]. One who practises the gymnastic treatment of disease. Kinesipathy (kin-es-ip' -ath-e) [^Kivr/aig, motion ; ndBog, disease]. I. Kinesionosos. 2. (Incorrectly) kinesi- therapy. Kinesis (kin-e'-sis) [^Kivr/atc, motion]. The general term for all the physical forms of energy, as opposed to Metakinesis, a term intended to express the psycho- logic exhibition of coordinates or correlates of kinesis. According to a monistic conception of the universe, both are the double aspects of one underlying reality. Kinesitherapy (kin-es-e-ther' -ap-e) \idvriaL^, motion ; depaireia, care, cure]. See Swedish Movements. Kinesodic (kin-es-od' -ik) \«!i,vriai^, motion ; 6tS(if, way]. Pertaining to those nerve-fibers conveying motor in- fluences. Also, the motor tracts of the nerve-system. Kinesotherapy (kin-es-o-ther' -ap-e). Same as Kinesi- therapy. Kinesthesia kin-ez-the' -ze-ah) . Same as Kinesthesis. Kinesthesis (kin-es-the' -sis) \Kiviuv, to move ; aladTiatg, sensation]. That quality of sensations whereby one is aware of one's positions and movements, especially those of the automatic type ; it is distinct from the muscular sense. Kinesthetic (kin-es-thef -ik) \Kiviuv, to move ; aladijoif, sensation.] Relating to kinesthesia. Kinetia (kin-e' -she-ah) \KivriaLq, motion]. A term ap- plied to all forms of motion-sickness. It includes such disorders as sea-sickness and car-sickness. Kinetic (kin-et'-ik) \jiivqriK.6Q, producing motion] . That which produces motion. Pertaining to those forces that produce motion. Kinetics [kin-ef -iks) \juvriTUi6(, producing motion]. The science of force as developing motion. Kinetogenesis [kin-et-o-jen' -es-is) \_uvuv, to move ; •jiiveaiQ, origin]. In biology, the origin of animal structures, either directly or indirectly through move- ments. Kinetogenetic (kin-et-o-jen-et'-ik) [kivtichc, motion ; ytveaig, genesis]. Of the nature of or pertaining to kinetogenesis. Kinetogenetically (kin-et-o-jen-ef -ik-al-e) \klvuv, to move ; j^veaic, production]. In biology, originating through movement. Kinetogeny (kin-et-oj' -en-e) [javriT6g, verbal adj. of Kivelv, to move; yti^f, producing]. In biology, ap- plied to the agency of that energy developed in the motions of organisms and their parts, in the modifica- tion of the forms and proportions of their hard parts. King's Blue. Same as Smalts. K.'s Evil, a name formerly popularly applied to scrofula, on account of a belief that it could be cured by the touch of the king. K.'s Yellowr. See Orpiment, and Pigments, Con- spectus of. Kinic Acid (kin'-ik). See Acid, Quinic. Kink (kingk) \I)., kinken, cough]. 1. The whoop in whooping-cough. 2. A synonym of whooping-cough. 3. A flexion or n twist. K.-cough, a synonym of , whooping-cough. K.-host, a synonym of whooping- cough. See Pertussis. Kino (ki'-no) [E. Ind.]. The inspissated juice of Pterocarpus marsupium, found in India, and similar in action to tannic acid ; it is used mainly as a constit- uent of gargles and diarrhea-mixtures. K., Tinct., 10 per cent, of the drug. Dose ni^x-gij. K., Pulv., Comp. (B.P.), kino 15, opium I, cinnamon 4. Dose gr. v-xx. Various similar substances are called by this name. K., Jamaica, is produced by the tree Coccoloba unifera.. See Coccoloba. K., Australian, is KINOIC ACID 644 KNIES AND WEBER'S THEORY obtained from various species oi Eucalyptus. K., Butea, from Butea frondosa. K.-red. See Kinoic Acid. K.-tannic Acid, a variety of tannic acid found in kino. Kinoic Acid (kin-o'-ik) , [E. Ind. , kino\ , CjjHj^On. A red, amorphous substance, a derivative of kinoin. Kinoi'n (ki-no'-in) [E. \nA.,kino\, Ci^Hj^Og. A ma- terial derived from kino, slightly soluble in water and in alcohol. Kinometer [kin-om' -et-er) \javkuv, to put in motion ; fiETpov, measure]. An instrument to measure the amount of displacement of the uterus in case of tumor or cellular inflammation of the pelvis. Kinone [kin^-dn). See Quinone. Kinovin [kin^-o-vin). See Quinavin. Kionitis {ki-on-i'-tis). Same as Stap/iy litis. Kionorrhaphy (ki-on-or'-af-e). Same as Staphylor- rhaphy. Kiotome {ki'-o-tdni) [rauv, the uvula; rofidg, cutting]. An instrument for amputating the uvula, or for divid- ing strictures of the bladder or rectum. Kipp's Apparatus. An apparatus for generating sul- phuretted hydrogen by acting upon sulphid of iron with Hj,SO^. Kips [kips). See Hides. KirchhofPs Laws. See Law. K.'s Lines. See Lines, Table of. Kirchner's Kxperiment. See Experimentum mira- bile. K., Micrococcus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Kirkland's Cerate. A cerate composed of lead- plaster, 1 6 parts; olive-oil, chalk, and vinegar, each 8 parts; Goulard's extract, i part. It is used in the same conditions as is Goulard's cerate. Kirschley Green. Same as Schweinfurth Green. Kirschwasser (^zy.r;^''-7/(7j-^7-) [Ger.]. A spiritous liquor obtained in Germany and Switzerland by the distilla- tion of cherries. It is colorless, of agreeable odor and flavor, which improves by keeping, and is equal in strength to the strongest spirit ; it is called, also, Spiritus cerasoruni. Kisch's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Kissing Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Kissingen Salts (/5«y-m^-^B) [Ger.]. Effervescing salts from the mineral springs of Kissingen. K. Water, a laxative tonic mineral- water of Bavaria. Kistotome {kis'-to-toni). See Cystotome. Kite-tail Plug. A tampon used in controlling uterine hemorrhage. It is made by tying rolls of cotton to a • string at intervals, the whole resembling a kite-tail, Kitsune-tsuki (kit'-sun-tsn'-ki) [Jap.]. A Japanese form of zoanthropy, or neuropathic delirium, in which the patient (usually a woman or child) believes her- self inhabited by a living fox, cat, or badger. Kiwisch's Method. A method of inducing premature labor by injections of hot water into the vagina. Kjeldahl's Method. See Nitrogen. Klserophthalmus (klar-off-thal'-mus). See Embryo- toxon. Klang [Ger.]. See Timbre. Klaprothium (klap-ro' -the-um) . Same as Cadmium, q. v. Klastoplast (klas' -to-plast) [KXacTbg, broken ; ■jrUaaeiv, to form]. A cell formed by the partial segmentation of the ovum of Cephalopoda. Klatsch-preparation (klotch-prep-ar-a'-shun) [Ger., Klatschprdparai\. A cover-glass preparation made by pressing the cover-glass lightly on a bacterial col- ony in plate-culture. Kleidarthrocace (klld-ar-throk' -as-e) [/(Wf, clavicle ; apBpov, joint; naKT/, evil]. Spontaneous luxation of the clavicle. Klein's Fluid. See Stains, Table of. Kleinenberg's Fibers. The primary form of nerve, of solely internuncial function. K.'s Hematoxylin Solutions. See Stains, Table of. Kleinhovia {klin-ho' -ve-ah) [after Kleinhof, director of the Botanic Gardens at Batavia, Java]. A genus of sterculiaceous trees.- K. hospita, a plant belong- ing to the Helictereae, found in the islands of the Indian Ocean. The leaves have been used to darken the cornea ; their juice causes itching. Unof. Kleistian Jar [kits' -te-an). Same as Leyden Jar. Klemperer's Method. A method of ascertaining the condition of gastric peristalsis. It consists in the in- troduction, by the tube, into the empty stomach of loo grams of olive-oil, and removing by aspirating with water what remains after two hours. As oil is not absorbed from the stomach, the difference between the amount introduced and that withdrawn indicates the activity of gastric peristalsis. The oil is taken up from the water with ether, and the ethereal solution placed in a bulb, the weight of which is known. The weight of the oil is calculated after evaporation of the ether. Kleptomania [klep-to-ma' -ne-ah) [jiHTrTtiv, to steal ; fiavia, madness]. A form of emotional insanity mani- fested by a morbid desire to comnlit theft. It is sometimes accompanied by impaired intellect, and is often hereditary. Kleptophobia [klep-to-fo' -be-ali) [Kkmruv, to steal ; ij>6j3og, fear] . A morbid dread of thieves. Klopemania [klop-e-7na' -ne-aJi) [^kTmttt/, theft ; fiavia, madness]. Same as Kleptomania. Klopsophobia [klop-so-fo' -be-ah) \_Klisip, thief; ^6^0^, fear]. Insane dread of thieves. %zmR as, Kleptophobia. Klumene [klu'-mSn). Same as Acetylene. Knapp's Reagent. A reagent for the detection of sugar in the urine. It consists of cyanid of mercury and an alkali. Knapweed [nap' -wld) . See Centaurea. Kneading [ne'-ding) [ME., kneden, to knead]. The same as Pitrissage, q. v. See also Malaxation. Knee [ne) \WK.,kne, knee]. The articulation between the femur and the tibia. See also Genu. K.-aching Disorder. Synonym of Dengue. K.-cap, the pa- tella. K. -chest Position. S,&e Postures, Table of. K. of Corpus Callosum, the anterior extremity of the cor- pus callosura. See Genu. K. -elbow Position. See Postures, Table of. K. of Facial Nerve, the point at which the nucleus of its origin winds around that of the abducens nerve. K., Housemaid's. See Ab- scess, Bursal. K., Hysteric, a painful functional affection of the knee-joint in hysteria. K., In. See Genu valgum. K. of Internal Capsule, the angle of junction of the anterior and posterior limbs of the in- ternal capsule. K.-jerk, Patellar Tendon-reflex, K. -reflex, or K. -phenomenon, a retraction of the quadriceps extensor femoris muscle as a result of a light blow on the patellar tendon. See also Reflexes, Table of. K. -joint, a hinge-joint consisting of the articulation of the condyles of the femur with the upper extremity of the tibia and the posterior surface of the patella. K.-joint Disease. See White Swelling. K., Knock. See Genu. K., Lawnrtennis, an af- fection occurring in tennis-players, probably due to a contusion or laceration of the internal semilunar cartilage. K., Out. See Genu varum. K.-pan, the patella. Kneel [ml) [ME.,knelen, to kneel]. To rest upon the knees. Kneeling [ml'-ing) [ME., knelen, to kneel]. Rest- ing, upon the knees. K. -squatting Position. See Postures, Table of Knies and Weber's Theory. A theory as to the ori- gin of glaucoma. It claims that glaucoma is due to KNIFE 645 KOCH'S APPARATUS retention of an excess of fluid in the eye, from closure of the canal leading through the pectinate ligament into Schlemm's canal. Knife {nif) [ME., knif, knife]. An instrument for cutting. In surgery, knives are of various shapes and sizes, according to their use. K.-needle, a needle with' a cutting edge, used in the discission of cataracts. Knitter's Cramp (nit'-erz kramp). See Cramp. Knitting {nit'-ing) [ME., knitten, to knit]. The union and becoming rigid of a fracture. Knob [nob") [ME., knobbe, a knob]. A protuberance. K.-root. See CoUinsonia canadensis. Knock-knee [nok'-ne). See Genu valgum. Knoppern [knop'-em) [Gar.]. Galls from immature acorns of several species of oak, largely used in Aus- tria for tanning. They contain from twenty-eight to thirty-five per cent, of tannin. Knot [not) [ME. , knotte, a knot]. An interlacement of ends or parts of one or more cords or threads so that they cannot be readily separated. K., Clove-hitch, a knot consisting of two single, contiguous loops, the Clove-hitch Knot. the primitive streak! K., Reef, a knot so formed that the ends come out alongside of the standing parts and the knot does not jam. It is also called Square Knot. K., Sailor's. Swae-as K.,Reef. K., Square. Same as K., Reef. K., StafTordshire, a knot used in ligating the pedicle in ovariotomy. The ligature is passed through the pedicle, and withdrawn so as to leave a loop, which is passed over the tumor, and one of the free ends is then drawn through the loop ; both ends are then passed through the pedicle, tightened, and tied. It is also called Taif s Knot. K., Stay, a term applied by Ballance and Edmunds, to a knot formed by two or more ligatures in the following way : On each ligature separately is made the first hitch of a reef-knot, which is tightened so that the loop lies in contact with the vesSel , without constricting it ; then taking the two ends on one side together in one hand, and the two ends on the other side in the other hand, the vessel is constricted sufficiently to occlude it, after which the reef-knot is completed. The simplest method of completing the knot is to treat the two ends in each hand as a single thread, and to tie them as if Combined Surgeon's and Reef Knot. Staffordshire Knot. Granny Knot. Reef, or Sailor's Knot. free ends toward each other. It is used for making extension in the reduction of dislocations. K., Double. Same as K., Friction. K., False. Same as K, Granny. K., Friction, one in which the ends are wound twice around each other before they are tied. K., Gerdy's Extension, resembles the clove-hitch ; it is employed in making extension of the leg at the ankle. K., Granny, a tie of a cord in which in the second loop the end of one cord is over, and the other under its fellow, so that the two loops do not lie in the same line. This knot may easily be converted into a slip- knot. K.-grass : l. Arrhenatherum odoratum; 2. Avena elatior ; 3. Hippuris vulgaris ; 4. lUecebrum ; 5. Polygonum ; 6. Triticum repens. K., Hensen's, a fixed point in the mammalian blastodermic vesicle at which the formation of the primitive axis and notochor- dal canal begins. It marks the anterior extremity of Surgeon's Knot. completing a single reef-knot. K., Surgical, a double knot made by passing the thread twice through the same loop. K., Tail's. ^&& K., Staffordshire. K.- weed, Centaurea nigra. See also CoUinsonia cana- densis. Knuckle (nuk'-l) [ME., feo,5f/, a knuckle or joint]. Any one of the joints of the phalanges with the meta- carpal bones or with each other ; also a loop of in- testine. Knuckling {nu&'-ling) [ME., knokel, a knuckle or joint]. In farriery, a partial dislocation of the fetlock- joint, in which the relative position of the pastern- bone to the cannon and coronet bone is changed, the pastern becoming more nearly perpendicular, with the lower end of the cannon-bone resting behind the center line of the suffraginis, while the lower end of this bone rests behind the center line of the coronet. It is also called Cocked Ankles. Kobelt's Tubes. Blind tubes of the parovarium. Koch's Apparatus. An apparatus for air-analysis. K., Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. KOCHIN 646 KOUMISS K., Comma-bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonytnatic Table of. K.'s Dampfapparat, See: JC.' s Steam Appa- ratus. K.'s Eruption, an eruption simulating that of measles or, more rarely, that of scarlet fever, and which occurs at times after the injection of tuberculin. K.'sLymph. 'aeeTuberculin. K.'sMethod,orKoch- Ehrlich Method, for isolated staining of bacteria. See Stains, Table of. K.'s Method of Sterilization, a method of interrupted heating. The culture-media are heated for a short time daily for from three to five suc- cessive days. By means of a graduated water-bath temperatures suitable to the various media are main- tained. The method is eminently sure, and has not the injurious effects on the media that follow one prolonged heating. K.'s Plates, the casting and solidifying of liquefied inoculated culture-media in plates for the purpose of isolating colonies of micro- organisms. K.'s Rules rules formulated by Koch which must be complied with before a given micro- organism can be accepted as the cause of an infec- tious disease, i . The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease, and not in cases of other diseases. 2. It must be isolated and grown on arti- ficial media. 3. Its cultures when injected into an animal body must produce the disease in question. 4. The microorganism must again be found in the body in which the disease was thus produced. K.'s Specific. SeeTuberculin. K.'s Steam Apparatus, an apparatus for sterilization by steam. K.'s Treat- ment. See Treatment, Methods of. Kochin, Synonym of Tuberculin, q. v. Koeberle's Noeud. A serre-nceud used in the perform- ance of abdominal hysterectomy. Konig's Cylinders. An apparatus for testing the per- ception of high tones by the ear. K.'s Manometric Flames, toothed or zigzag flame-pictures seen in a revolving mirror, and produced by the vibrations of the voice against a thin membrane that separates the gas-chamber supplying a small burner from the air- chamber into which one speaks. The form of the flame-picture is characteristic for each vowel, and varies with the pitch. K.'s Rods, steel rods for producing notes of very high pitch. Same as K.''s Cylinders. Kofacker-Sadler's Lave. See Law. Kohlrausch's Fold. See Third Sphincter. Koino-miasm [koi' no-mi' -azm) [noivb^, common ; fiiaa/ia, miasm]. A miasm emanating from the soil. Kola-nut {Ho'- la/i) [African]. The seed of Cola acu- minata, used in parts of Central Africa as a substitute for tea and coffee. It contains an alkaloid similar to caffein, and is a cerebral stimulant and cardiac tonic. Dose of a twenty per cent, tincture, gj ; of the fluid extract, gtt. xx-xxx. Unof Kolla {kol'-ak) [native name]. An Abyssinian dis- ease resembling malaria. KoUerism (kol'-er-izm). See Cocainization . Kolliker's Columns. See Muscle-columns. K., Glands of. See Gland. K., Lamina or Mem- brane of. See Membrane, Reticular. KoUonema {kol-on-e' -mah) {kAXTm, glue; v^iua, tissue] . Same as Myxoma, q. v. Kolossow's Fixing-solution. See Stains, Table of. Kolotyphus [ko-lo-ti'-fus) {kuIov, colon ; ri^of, stupor]. Typhoid fever. Kolpo- {kol'-po-). See Colpo-. Kolpocystotomy (kol-po-sis-tot'-o-me). See Colpocyst- otomy. Kolpodesmorrhaphy [ kol-po-dez-mor' -a-fe) [(cii^Trof, vagina; Sea/idi, honi; ^n^^, seam]. Same as Co^fl>-- rhaphy, q. v. Kolpokleisis [kol-po-klis'-is). See Colpokleisis. Kombe [kom'-bah) [African]. An African arrow-poison (komb6 in6e) extracted from Strophanthus kombi. Komeceras, Komoceras (ko-mes' -er-as , ko-mos' -er-as) [KOfifi , \h.e hair; xipag, horn]. In biology, applied to such a horn as that of the American prong-horn, formed of matted hair. Kommabacillus [hom-ah-bas-il'-us). See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Koniantron {ko-ne-an' -trori) \K/>viq, dust ; avrpw, antrum'\ . An instrument for spraying fluid into the tympemic cavity. Koosso, or Koosoo (koo'-soo') . See Brayera. Kopf-tetanus {kopf'-tet-an-us) [Ger.]. Cephalic tet- anus, due to wounds of the head, chiefly in the region of the fifth nerve. Initial trismus is associated with paralysis of the face on the side of the injury. In some cases there is also pharyngeal spasm, so that the name Hydrophobic Tetanus has also been given' to this form of tetanus. Kopiopia (kop-e-o' -pe-aK). See Cofiopia. Kopp's Asthma. See Asthma. Koprikin [hop' -rik-in) [/tdTrpof, dung]. A term applied by Hunefeld to undigested animal matter in the feces. Kore- {kor'-e-). See Core-. Koronion [ko-ro'-ne-on). See Craniometric Points. Koroscopy [ko-ros' -ko-pe) . See Retinoscopy. Kosin [ko'-sin) [Abyssinian, cusso'], CgjHjjOn,. Same as Koussin. See Brayera. Koso iko'-so'). Same as Brayera, q. v. Kossein (kos'-e-in) [Abyssinian, cusso^ A crystalline body contained in koosso. It is soluble in ether, in alcohol, and in acids. It is slightly styptic. Koubasoff, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Koumiss [koo'-mis) [Tartar, kumiz, fermented mare's milk]. An alcoholic drink made by the fermenta- tion of milk. As made by the fermentation of mare's milk, it has long been a favorite bever^e with the Tartars and other Asiatic tribes. Cow's milk has been used chiefly in making it, both in Europe and America. Mare's milk is the more suitable for fermentation because of the larger percentage of milk- sugar that it contains. The composition of the kou- miss as prepared from both mare's milk and cow's milk is shown in the accompanying analyses from various sources :- ANALYSIS OF KOUMISS. i I 1^ \ U < U 9 g % B n .J < i < d I I u 0.88 1.03 0.95 0.83 ' Koumiss from mare's milk (Fleischmann), . 91.53 1.25 1. 01 1.91 1.27 1.85 0.29 Koumiss from cow's milk (Fleischmann), . 88.93 3.II 0.79 2.03 0.85 2.65 0.44 Koumiss f r m mare's milk (Konig) 92.47 1.24 0.91 1.97 1.26 1.84 286 0.76 Koumiss from mare's milk (London, 1884), . 91.87 0.79 1.04 1.91 1.19 Koumiss from cow's milk (Wiley), . . . 89.32 438 0.47 2.56 2.08 K.-cure, a method of treating pulmonary tuberculo- sis. Large quantities of koumiss can be easily digested, and its use is frequently attended by a gain in weight. KOUSSIN 647 KUPFFER'S CELLS The patients rise early and take a glass of koumiss every half hour, except during the two hours preced- ing dinner and supper. Meat and fats form the chief part of the ordinary food ; sweets, fruit and salads are avoided, as well as ices, coffee, and spirits. If the koumiss causes diarrhea, lime-water is used to arrest this. At first a few glasses only are taken daily to gradually accustom the patient to the cure. Koussin (koos'-iri). See Brayera. Kousso (/5ooj'-c). ^ee. Brayera. Kowalevsky, Canal of. See Canal. Krameria (kra-ine' -re-aK) [after J. G. H. Kramer, an Austrian physician]. A genus of polypelatous herbs. Rhatany, the root of K. triandra and K. tomentosa, shrubs native to South America, possesses the same astringent qualities as tannic acid. It is a popular remedy for fissure of the anus, spongy gums, etc. K., Ext., in water. Dose gr. v-x. K., Ext., Fid. Dose lt\,v-gss. K., Infus. (B. P.) Dose gj-ij. K., Syr., contains of the fluid extract 45, syrup 55. Dose gss-§ss. K., Trochisci, contain each gr. j of the extract. K., Tinct., 20 per cent. DoseTTLv-gj. Krameric Acid [kra-me' -rik)\aiier '^ . G. H. Kramer, an . Austrian physician] . An acid contained in Krameria. Krampton's Muscle. The muscle of the so-called ciliary ligament in the avian eye. Krarkoff 's Method. A method of extracting soluble animal ferments ; it consists in precipitating these and the albuminoids by means of ammonium sulphate ; subsequent treatment with acids renders the albumin- oids insoluble, and the ferments are readily extracted with water. Kraurosis {kraw-ro' -sis) [icpaiipof, dry]. Shriveling and dryness of a part, especially of the vulva. Krause's Corpuscles. Terminal nerve-corpuscles de- scribed by W. Krause (i860) as existing in the con- junctiva, the genitals, and other parts of the human body, and differing from the Pacinian corpuscles only Krause's End-bulb. a. Nucleated capsule, b. Core. c. Fiber entering and branching, terminating in core at d. in the absence of a thick laminated investment. K.'s Embryo, an embryo of the fourth week, in which there is an absence of the allantoic stalk, the allan- tois hanging from the posterior extremity of the embryo. K.'s End-bulbs, terminal bodies of sensory nerves in the skin and membranes of all mammals. They are elongated, oval, or round bodies, 0.075 t° 0-'4 mm. long. K., Glands of. See Gland. K.'s Membrane, a structure that extends from the sarco- lerama through the fiber of a muscle, making a com- plete partition. K.'s Method, a method of inducing premature labor. It consists in passing a flexible bougie into the uterine cavity. K.'s Muscle, the coraco-cervicalis muscle. See Muscles, Table of. K.'s Nerve, a branch of the musculo-spdral nerve which accompanies the ulnar and terminates in the inner head of the triceps. K.'s Process, a process for the sepa- ration of the two coloring-matters of chlorophyl. i. Prepare a solution by allowing fresh bruised leaves to be acted upon for a few hours in the dark by warm 65 per cent, alcohol ; decant. 2. Shake one volume of this solution with two volumes of benzol ; after a time the turbid liquid separates into a benzol layer above having a bluish-green color, and an alcohol layer below tinged yellow. The yellowish pigment is called by Krause xanthophyl, the bluish- green, kyanophyl. According to Wiesner, kyano- phyl is nearly pure chlorophyl freed from its asso-. ciated yellow pigment xanthophyl. It is believed by many that the yellow pigment separated by this process is identical with that found in plants blanched (etiolated) in darkness, and which has been called, etiolin (Goodale). Kreatin (kre'-ai-in). See Creatin. Kreatinin [kre-at'-in-in). See Creatinin. Kremnitz White, Krems White. Same as White Lead. Kreolin (kre' -o-lin) . See Creolin. Kresol {kre' -sol). See Cresol. Krinosin (krin'-o-sin). See Crinosin. Kristeller's Method. A method of hastening tedious labor by fetal expression by means of rhythmic pres- sure on the fundus uteri. Pressure is made on the fetus while the entire child is still in the genital canal. Krohn's Glands. A pair of glands in the cephalo- thorax of certain of the Arachnoidea [Phalangidts^ Cyphophthalamidce) . Kronecker's Center. The inhibitory center of the heart. It may be injured in cardiocentesis. Kronlein's Hernia. See Hernia, Jnguino-properitor neal, and Diseases, Table of. Krull's Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of Krypto- [krip'-to-). See Crypto-. Kiihne's Method. A method of staining bacilli, and K.'s Modification of Gram's Method. See Stains, Table of. K.'s Carbol. Methylene-blue, methyl- ene-blue 1.5, absolute alcohol 10. Rub up and gradu- ally add 100 parts of a five percent, solution of carbolic acid. K.'s Motorial End-plates, a peculiar form of nerve-ending. The same as the Hillocks of Doyire. K.'s Pancreas-powder, an extract pre- pared by the prolonged extraction of fresh pancreas of ox with alcohol and then with ether. Kuhnt, Cylinder-cone of. See Cylinder. Kujawah [ku' -jah-waw) [E. Ind.]. An apparatus used in India, by means of which wounded persons may be carried on camels. Kumbecephalic {kum-be-sef-al' -ik) or Kumbokephalic (kum-bo-kef-aV -ik) . See Cymbocephalic. Kumiss {koo'-mis) or Kumyss [koo'-mis). See Kou- miss. Kiimmel [kirn' -el) [^Ger. , " cumin."^ A liqueur, or cordial, originating in Germany and Russia, and flav- ored with fennel, caraway, cumin, or coriander. Kummerfeld's Lotion. A cosmetic used in dermat- ology. It consists of spirit of camphor and spirit of lavender, each ^ dram ; precipitated sulphur 15 grains ; cologne-water one dram, distilled water 2 ounces. Kumysgen [koo-mis' -jeri) [Tartar, kumiz, fermented mare's milk ; yemav, to beget]. A preparation used for the production of koumiss. Kupffer's Cells. Liver-cells which, according to Asp and Kupffer, present exceedingly minute intracellular passages that pass from the bile capillaries into the interior of the cells, where they communicate with KURUNG OIL 648 KYTOPLASM certain small cavities or vacuoles. K.'s Method. See Stains, Table of. K.'s Vesicle, a small globular cav- ity seen near the posterior extremity of the embryo in teleostean fishes. KuTung Oil (ku' -rtmg). See Pongamia. Kiissmaul's Coma. A manifestation of diabetes usu- ally associated with the presence of acetone in the urine, and the patient is comatose. See Diseases, Table of. K.'s Disease, acute atrophic spinal paraly- sis. See Diseases, Table of. Kusso (koos'-o). See Brayera. Kiister's Sign. See Signs and Symptoms, Table of. Kutubuth (koo-too-booth') \_h.x!A>.\ Melancholia erra- bunda. Kvas, or Kwas (kvas or kwas) [Russ.]. A kind of beer made in Russia of rye-flour, oatmeal, or baked bread, sometimes with the addition of various sweet fruits. Kyanizing (ki' -an-iz-ing) [after Kyan, the inventor]. A wood-preserving process having for its object the coagulation of the protein matters in wood-cells, thus retarding putrefaction by impregnating the wood with ji solution of mercuric chlorid. Impregnation with a 5° P^r cent, solution of zinc chlorid is called Bur- nettizing. See Burnett's Disinfecting-fluid. Kyanophyl (kl'-an-ofH) [Kiiavoq, dark-blue ; fiiMttv, a leaf]. The bluish-green pigment of chlorophyl. Same as Cyanophyl. Kyestei'n (ki-es' -te-in) \Koriai^, conception ; iaIMjq, cov- ering]. A filmy deposit upon decomposing urine, at one time thought to be diagnostic of pregnancy. Kyllopodia {kil-o-po' -de-afi) [kvXU^, twisted ; Trodf , foot]. See Club-foot. Kyllosis [kil-o'-sis) [toAWc, twisted]. Same as Club- foott Kjrmograph {kV -mo-graf), Kymogfraphion {ki-mo- graf'-e-on) [ra/ia, wave; ypdfeiv, to write]. An in- strument for reproducing graphically the variations in the pressure of the blood. Kymoscope [ki' -mo-skop) [laifia, wave; CKOTreXv, to in- spect]. A device used in the observation and study of the blood-current. Kynurin [ki-nu'-rin) [rouv, a dog ; oipov, urine], CjgHj^NjOj. A crystalline substance obtained from cynurenic acid. It may also be made by oxidizing cinchonin and cinchoninic acid with chromic acid. It crystallizes in needles containing sHjO. Kyphoscoliorachitic {ki-fo-sko-le-o-rak-if -ili) [/cddwffif, hump-back ; ckoXlo^, oblique ; phxi^, spine] . Kypho- scoliotic. Kyphoscoliosis (ki-fo-sko-le-o' -sis) \iA^aaiq, hump- backed ; aKoTiioiaic, a bending] . Kyphosis combined with scoliosis. Kyphoscoliotic (ki-fo-sko-le-of -ik) [(ci^uoif, hump- back ; (T/co/lii5f, oblique]. Characterized by or per- taining to kyphoscoliosis. Kyphosis {ki'fo'-sis) [/cd^wirif, hump-back]. Hump- back. Angular curvature of the spine, with the prominence or convexity turned dorsad. K. bicy- clistarum, a curvature of the spine, due to error in posture in bicycle-riding. Kyphotic (ki-fut'-ik) [/ci^umf, hump-back]. Relating to, of the nature of, or affected with, kyphosis. Kysthoproptosis (kis-tho-prop-to' -sis) [iciffSof, a hol- low; Trp^TrTuoif, a falling forward]. Prolapse of the vagina. Kysto- (kis'-to-). See Cysto-. Kystoma (kis-to'-mah). See Cystoma. Kymograph. {Ludwig.) a, a. Artery. C. Revolving-cylinder, c. Height of mercury in tube ; the difference between this point and d indicates the pressure within the vessel, d, s. Float on mercury in tube f. Writing-style. Kytharrhagia [kith-ar-a' -je-ah) . See Cytharrhagia. Kythemolytic [ki-tkem-o-lit' -ik) \jAto;, cell ; aljixi, blood; ;\()(rif, solution]. Pertaining to, characterized by, or causing, the destruction of blood-cells. Kytomitom (ki-tom' -it-om) [K{iro{-,cell; ^a^rof, thread]. The network in the body of the nucleus of the cell. Kytoplasm (ki' -to-plazm) [/ctrof, cell; 5rA, Insanity of. See Insanity. L., Instrumental, one requiring manual or instru- mental means to extract the child. L., Metastatic, labor in which the true pains cease suddenly, and are succeeded by muscular contractions of neighboring organs, bladder, rectum, or of the muscles of the trunk and limbs. L., Missed, retention of the dead fetus in utero beyond the period of normal gestation. L., Natural, Normal, or Physiologic, when effected by the sole power of the maternal organism. L., Obstructed. See L. Pathologic. L., Pathologic, when deviating from the normal type by reason of weak- ness of the maternal forces, anomalies of the pelvis, or of the fetus, or of complications, all being causes of Obstructed L. L., Postponed, delayed beyond nine months. L., Premature, taking place before the normal period of gestation , but when the fetus is viable. L., Stages of, arbitrary divisions of the period of labor, — the first begins with dilatation of the os, and ends with complete dilatation, so that the head can pass ; the second ends with the expulsion of the child ; the third (^placental) consists in the expulsion of the pla- centa. L., Mechanism of, the mechanism by which a fetus and its appendages traverse the birth-canal and are expelled. L.-pains, the pains of, or the contrac- tion of the uterus during, labor. L., Perverse, labor in which there is an abnormal position of the child. L., Precipitate, labor in which the expulsion of the fetus and its appendages takes place with undue celer- ity. L., Protracted, labor prolonged beyond the usual limit (10-20 hours in primiparas, 2-6 hours in multiparse). L., Spontaneous, labor accomplished without artificial aid. Laboratory (lab' -or-at-o-re) \laboratorium, from labor- are, to work]. A room or place designed for experi- mental work in chemistry, physiology, biology, etc. Laborde's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. L.'s Sign. See Death. Labrador Tea [lab' -ra-dor') . The leaves of Ledum latifolium, demulcent, expectorant, and tonic. Dose of the fid. ext., 3J-ij. Unof. Labrose (la'-bros, or la-bros') [labrosus, lipped]. Supplied with lips. Large-lipped. Labrum [la'-brum) [L. , a lip-edge, margin: pi., Labra"]. In biology, a lip-like structure, usually the upper, when two are present, the lower being the labium. Laburnin (lab-er' -niri) [laburnum, laburnum]. Also called Cytisin. An alkaloid found in Cytisus labur- num. Laburnum {lab-er' -nuni) [L. ]. The leaves of Cytisus laburnum, His properties of which are due to an alka- loid, cytisin. In small doses it is diuretic and resolvent; in larger doses poisonous, irritating the alimentary tract, and inducingpurging, vomiting, and exhaustion. Unof. Labyrinth [lab' -ir-inth) [TiajihpLvBoi, a maze] . A name given to the series of cavities of the internal ear com- prising the vestibule, cochlea, and the semicircular canals. L., Bony. See L. , Osseous. L., Cortical, the intricately arranged collection of uriniferous tubules and blood-vessels filling the intervals in the cortical substance of the kidney. See Kidney. L., Mem- branous, the membranous cavity within the osseous labyrinth, from which it is partly separated by the perilymph. It comprises two sacs contained within the vestibule, the semicircular canals and the canal of Labyrinth of the Ear Laid Open. c. Fovea elliptica. b. Fovea hemispherica. c. Common en- trance of the posterior and superior semicircular canals. d. Opening of the aqueduct of the vestibule, s. Superior semicircular canal, f. Posterior. ^. Inferior semicircular canal, h. Spiral canal of cochlea, i. Opening of the aque- duct of the cochlea, j. Lamina spiralis. the cochlea. L. of the Kidney. See Labyrinth, Cor- tical. L., Osseous, the bony capsule of the internal ear, communicating in front with the cochlea and be- hind with the semicircular canals. L. Pit. See Ear. Labyrinthal [lab-ir-in' -thai) , Labyrinthic {lab-ir-in'- ihik\. See Labyrinthine. Labyrinthine (lab -ir-in' -thin) [?Ml3ipivBo; , a maze]. Pertaining to a labyrinth. L. Vertigo. See Miniire's Disease. Labyrinthus (lab-ir-in' -thus) [L. ; pi. ,Labyrinthi'\. A labyrinth. Lac (lak) [Pers., lak, lac]. A resinous incrustation produced on the bark of the twigs and branches of various tropical trees (Urosligma religiosa. Mimosa cinerea, Butea frondosa, Schleichera trijuga, of Ceylon, India, and Burmah, Cretan lacciferum, of Ceylon, Croton draco. Acacia greggii, Larrea mexi- cana, of Mexico), by the puncture of the female lac- insect Carteria (Coccus) lacca. This crude exudation constitutes the stick-lac of commerce. Shellac is pre- pared by spreading the resin into thin plates after being melted and strained. In the preparation of the shellac, the resin is freed from the coloring-matter, which is formed into cakes, and is known as lac- dye. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Button-lac differs from shellac only in form, appearing in cakes about three inches in diameter and one-sixth of an inch thick. Bleached lac is prepared by dissolving lac in a boiling lye of pearlash or potassic hydrate, filter- ing and passing chlorin through the solution until all the lac is precipitated. Seed-lac is the residue ob- tained after dissolving out most of the coloring-matter contained in the resin. The common shellac is used in varnishes, lacquers, and sealing-wax ; the bleached lac in pale varnishes and light-colored sealing-wax, L.-beet, a fruit used in Siam for diarrhea and dyspepsia. L., Stick, lac as taken from the twigs on which it is formed. L. sulphuris, milk of sul- phur ; sulphur prxcipitatum (U. S. P.) L., White. See Bleached lac. Lacca (lak' -ah). See Lac. Laccate (lak' -at) [Pers., lak, lac, or sealing-wax]. In biology, appearing as if varnished or lacquered. Laccin (lak'-in) [Pers., lak, lac]. A substance resem- bling wax, extracted from lac. It is insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, in ether, in hydrochloric acid, and in potassic hydrate. LACERATE 651 LACTAMID Lacerate {las'-er-at) [/laKcpdf, torn]. In biology, with a margin appearing as if torn. L. Foramen. See Foramina, Table of. Laceration (las-er-a' -shun) \laceratio ; lacerare, to tear]. Mechanical rupture by a tearing action, whether accidental or surgical. See Dilaceration. L. of the Infratrochlear Nerve. See Badal's Opera- tional Operations, Table of. L. of Perineum, a tear- • ing through the wall separating the lower extremity of the vagina and rectum, which occurs occasionally to women in childbirth. Lacerator [las' -er-a-tor) [lacerare, to tear]. An in- strument used in effecting surgical laceration. Lacertiform (las-er'-tif-oi-m) [lacerta, lizard ; forma, form]. Lizard-shaped. Lacertoid (las-er' -toid) \lacerta, lizard; eidof, like]. Resembling a lizard. Lachesis {Jak'-e-sis) [Xaxeai,^, destiny, fate]. I. A genus of venomous South American reptiles.' 2. The venom of L. mutus (the bushmaster snake), and also a homeopathic preparation of the poison. Lachnanthes [lak-nan' -thez) \Xdxvv, soft, woolly hair; cafioi, a flower]. A genus of North American bloodworts. L. tinctoria, red-root, is a plant popu- lar in parts of the United States as an expectorant and alterative in pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose of a ID per cent, tincture, tT\^x. Unof. Lachrymal (Jak' -rim-al) . See Lacrymal. Lacinia (las-in' -e-ah) [L., a lappet, flap, as of a gar- ment: pi., Lacinia\. In biology, one of the fimbriae at the ovarian extremity of the oviduct ; a narrow lobe, as in an incised leaf; or, specifically, the slender apex of the maxilla of a beetle. Cf Galea. Laciniate [las-in' -e-at) [lacinia, a flap]. In biology, fringed ; cut into narrow flaps. Laciniform ' {las-in' -if -orm) [lacinia, a flap ; forma, form]. In biology, fringe-like. Laciniola (las-in-i' -o-lah) [dim. of Lacinia: pi., La- ciniolcE\. In biology, a small lacinia. Lacinula (las-in' -u-lah) [dim. of Lacinia, a flap: //., Lacinula\ . In biology, a small lacinia. Lacmoid (lai'-moid). Same as Jiesorcin-blue. Lacmus Qak'-m(us). See Litmus. Lacquer {lak'-er) [Pg., lacre, sealing-wax]. An opaque varnish containing lac. L., Burmese, a natural varnish consisting of a thick, grayish terebin- thinous liquid, collected from the Melanorrhoea usita- tissima of Burmah. It dissolves in alcohol, turpen- tine-oil, and benzene, assuming greater fluidity. Locally, it is used in lacquering furniture, temples, idols, and varnishing vessels. Lacrima [lak'-rim-ak). See Lacryma. Lacrimal Uak' -rim-al). See Lacrymal. Lacryma {lak'-rim-ak) [L,.: pi., Lacryma']. A tear. Lacrymal {lak'-rim-al) [lacryma, a tear]. Having ref- erence to the organs of the secretion, transfer, or ex- cretion of tears. L, Apparatus, the lacrymal gland, ducts, canal, sac, and nasal duct. See Eye. L. Artery, the first branch of the ophthalmic artery, sup- plying the gland. See Arteries, Table of. L. Bone, a bone upon the nasal side of the orbit, articulating with the frontal, the ethmoid, and superior maxillary bones, in which begin the lacrymal groove and nasal duct. See Bones, Table of. L. Canals, or Canal- iculi, superior and inferior, extend from the lacrymal puncta to the sac, and serve to convey the excess of tears from the eye to the nose. See Canal. L. Caruncula. S&e. Caruncle. L. Crest. See Crest. L. Ducts, seven to fourteen in number, extending obliquely from the gland to the fornix conjunctivae, carrying the tears to the conjunctival surface of the globe. See Duct. L. Gland, the gland secreting the tears, situated in a depression of the frontal bone, the L. fossa, at the upper and outer angle of the orbit. See Gland. L. Lake, the inward prolongation of the palpebral fissure of the eyelids. L. Papilla. See Papilla. L. Probe,'a probe for exploring or dilating the canaliculi and nasal duct, L. Puncta, the minute orifices of the canaliculi, upon the eyelids near the Relations of the Eye and the Lacrymal Excretory Apparatus. I, I. Canaliculi. 2, 2. Puncta lacrymalia. 3, 3. Inner extremity. of tarsal cartilage. 4, 4. Free borders of lids. 5. Lacrymal sac. €. Attachment to maxillary bone of superior tendon. 7. Bifurcation of lacrymal sac. 8, 8. Two branches. inner canthus. L. Sac, a sacciform enlargement of the upper part of the nasal duct, into which the cana- liculi empty. L. Style, a probe used in stricture of the nasal duct. L. Tubercle. See Tubercle. Lacrymation {lak-rim-a' -shuri) [lacryma, a tear] . An excessive secretion, or an overflow, of tears, from any cause. Lacrymatome {lak-rim' -at-om) [lacryma, tear; rojii), cutting]. A cutting-instrument used in dilating the nasal duct or the canaliculi; a syringotome. Lacrymiform {lak-rim' -if-orm) [lacryma, a tear; forma, form]. In biology, tear-shaped ; guttifonn. Lacrymin {lak' -rim-in). See Dacryolin. Lacrjrmotomy {lak rim-ot' -o-me) [lactyma, tear; Toiii;, cutting]. The division of strictures of the lacrymal passages. Lactagogue {lak'-tag-og). See Galactagogue. Lactalbumin {lakt-aV -bu-miri) [lac, milk ; albumin\. A proteid contained in milk in small quantities — yi of I per cent. It resembles serum-albumin very closely, differing in specific rotatory power, in its coaguability by heat, and in its precipitation of neutral salts. Lactamic Acid {lak-tam'-ik). See Alanin. Lactamid {lak' -tam-id) [lac, milk; amid'\, CjH,- NOj. A substance formed by the union of lactid and ammonia. It forms crystals readily soluble in water and in alcohol, and melts at 74° C. LACTAMIN 652 LACTOSE Lactamin (lak'-tam-iti) . See Alanin. Lactant Uak'-tant) \_lactare, to suckle]. Suckling. Lactate (lak'-tdt) \lactare, to suckle]. Any salt of lactic acid. Lactated Food. A Liebig's food for infants. Its composition is : Water 7.76; fat 1.64; starch 36.43; soluble carbohydrates 39.0; albuminoids 11.85 ; ^^ 2.6l ; milk-sugar 29.65. Lactatic (lak-tat'-ik). See Galaclagogue. Lactation {lak-ta' -shun) {laciatio ; lactare, to suckle]. Suckling ; the period during which the child suckles. Lacteal (lak'-te-al) \_lac, milk], i. Pertaining to milk. 2. Any one of the lymphatics of the small intestine that take up the chyle. Lactean [lak'-te-an) [lac, milk]. See Lacteal. Lacte'in (lak'-te-in) \lac, milk]. Same as Lactolin. Lacteous (lak'-te-us). See Lacteal. Lactescence [lak-tes' -ens) [lactescere, to turn to milk] . Milkiness (often applied to the chyle). Lactescent (lak-tes' -ent) \lactescere, to turn to milk]. Milky, or secreting a milky sap or fluid. Lactic (lak'-tik) [^lac, milk]. Pertaining to milk or its derivatives. L. Acid. See Aciil, Lactic, and Stains, Table of. L. Ether, (C4H50.CgH505)Ci|,Hi„q8. A colorless substance resulting from the distillation of equal parts of calcium lactate, absolute alcohol, and sulphuric acid. It is soluble in water, in alcohol, and in ether, and boils at 77° C. L. Fermentation. See Fermentation. Lactica [lak' -tik-ah) [lac, milk]. An old name for typhoid fever. Lactid (lak'-tia) [lac, milk] , CgHgO^. A volatile sub- stance, one of the anhydrids of lactic acid produced by dry distillation of that acid. It crystallizes from alcohol in rhombic plates that melt at 124.5° C. , and boil at 255° C. ; it dissolves slowly in water, with the gradual formation of lactic acid. Lactiferous [lak-iif'-er-us) [lac, milk ; ferre, to carry]. A term applied to vessels that convey milk. L. Ducts, the ducts of the mammary gland. L. Glands, the mammary glands. L. Swelling, a dis- tention of the breast arising from obstruction of a lactiferous duct. Lactific (lak-tif-'-ik) [lac, milk; facere, to make]. Producing milk. Lactiflorous [lak-tif-lo' -rus) [/ac, milk; ^os, flower]. In biology, having milk-white flowers. Lactiform (lak' -tif-orni) [lac, milk ; forma, form]. Resembling milk. Lactifuge (lak'-tif-iij) ^ [lac, milk; fugare, to drive away] . A drug or agent that causes a lessening in the secretion of milk. Lactigenous (lak-tif -en-us) [lac, milk ; yemav, to pro- duce]. Milk-producing. Lactimid (lak'-tim-id) [lac, milk; imid'\, C3H5NO. A substance produced by heating alanin in a current of HCl to 180-200° C. It consists of colorless leaf- lets or needles that melt at 275° C, and dissolve readily in alcohol and in water. Lactin (lak'-tiiC) [lac, milk]. Sugar of milk ; lactose. Lactinated {lak' -tin-a-ted) [lac, mill.]. Containing sugar of milk. Lactiphagous {lak-tif -ag-us) [lac, milk ; ^ayecv, to eat]. Consuming milk. Lactipotous (lak-tip' -o-tus) [lac, milk ; potare, to drink]. Milk-drinking. Lactis (lak' -lis) [gen. of lac, milk]. Pertaining to milk. L. redundantia, an excessive flow of milk. L. retentio, suppression of the flow of milk. Lactisma {lak-tiz' -mah ) [A&Kna/^a ; 'Aanrlt^eiv, to kick : pi. , Lactismata'] . The kicking or motion of the fetus in utero. a. Lu LactivoTous (lak-tiv'-or-us) [lac, milk ; vorare, to de- vour] . Subsisting on milk. Lacto- (la¥-to-') [lac, milk]. A Latin prefix denoting connection with or relation to milk. L. -pepsin, a preparation of pepsin. According to Heger, its com- position is: Pure pepsin 10 parts, pancreatin 7.6 parts, sugar of milk 50 parts, extract of malt 5 parts, lactic acid 2.6 parts, hydrochloric acid (25 per cent. ) 10 parts, glycerin 20 parts. To this is added enough powdered tragacanth to make a pill-mass. The adult dose is about 15 grains. L.-peptine, a proprietary mixture claimed to contain pepsin, diastase, and pan- creatin, acidulated with lactic and hydrochloric acids. One dram should peptonize § viij of albumin, casein or fibrin, or emulsionize ^ xvj of cod-liver oil. Dose, gr. v-xv. See Pepsin. Unof L.-peptone, same as Z. -peptine. L.-phosphate, any phosphate combined with lactic acid. L.-proteid, any proteid of milk, as caseinogen or lactalbumin. L.-protein, a derivative of milk. Lactobiose (lak-ta' -be-os). See Galactose. Lactobutyrometer (lak-to-bu-tir- om'-et-er) [lac, milk; ^oirvpov, butter; iihpov, measure]. An instrument used in estimating the proportion of butter in milk. Lactocele (lak'-to-sel) [lac, milk ; KfjT^Ti, tumor]. A cyst containing a milky fluid. Same as Galac- tocele. Lactocrit (la¥ -to-krit) [lac, milk ; KpiTiic, a judge]. An apparatus for testing the quantity of fatty substance in a sample of milk. Lactodensiineter(/a/5-A;-i^if«-,r!/K''- et-er) [lac, milk ; densus, dense ; /iirpov, measure]. A variety of lactometer. 'LaiCto-gloh\i[in(lak-to-glob'-u-lin) [lac, milk ; globus, a ball]. One of the native proteids of milk ; lactalbumin. Lactoglucose (lak-to-glu'-ios) [lac, milk; y/luKif, sweet]. A saccha- rine substance, produced in the fermentation-fluid along with ga- lactose. It is probably the same as glucose. Lactokrit (lak' -to-krii). See Lac- tocrit. Lactolin (lak'-to-liri\ [lac, milk ; oleum, oil]. Condensed milk. Lactometer (lak-tom'-et-er). An instrument for determining the specific gravity of milk. Lactone (lak' -tori) [lac, milk], CjjHgOj. An aromatic, colorless, inflammable fluid, derived from the dry distillation of lactic acid. The lactones are generally liquids, readily soluble in water, of neutral reaction, possessing a faintly aro- matic odor, and can be distilled without decomposition. Lactonic Acid (lac-ton' -ii). See Acid. Lactoscope (lak' -to-skop) [lac, milk ; {jkotteIv, to ex- amine]. An instrument for estimating the proportions of water and fat-globules of milk. Lactose (lak'-tos) [lac, milk], C,jHjjO,i + HjO. Milk- sugar; it occurs in the milk of mammals, in the ^ Lactombjter. Stem on the right grad- uated as used in Bos- ton. Stem on the left shows graduation adopted in New York. Central stem graduated to show percentage of solids. LACTOSERUM 653 L^SIS amniotic liquor of cows, and in certain pathologic secretions. It crystallizes in white, hard, rhombic prisms, containing one molecule of water. It is soluble in water, has a faint sweet taste, and is insoluble in alcohol. Its aqueous solution is dextro-rotatory. It melts at 205° C. It is much used in pharmacy for making triturations, and is the vehicle of most homeo- pathic preparations. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Lactoserum [lak-to-se' -rum) [/ac, milk ; serum, whey]. The serum or whey of milk. Lactosuria (lak-to-su'-re-ah) [_lac, milk ; oipov, urine]. The presence of lactose in the urine ; a condition oc- casionally seen in pregnancy. L-SiCtotOKin'(lak-to-to'is^-in) [/air, milk; rofi/cdv, poison]. A poisonous substance found in milk. Lactous {lak'-tus") \lactosus, milky]. Milky. Lactuca (lak-tu' -kah) [L., " lettuce "]. A genus of composite-flowered herbs ; the lettuces. L. altissi- ma, L. elongata, L. montana, L. sativa (com- mon garden lettuce^, and L. virosa, afford lactuca- rium ; but the L. virosa is the source recognized in the U. S. Pharmacopeia. Lactuca (B. P.) is also a synonym of Lactucarium, q. v. hia,c\MC3.rvam {lak-tu-ia' -re-um) \Y,.:gen., Lactucarii\. Lettuce. The milky juice of Lactuca virosa, a bien- nial plant. It contains a crystalline substance, lactu- cerin, to which its properties are thought to be due. It is a mild hypnotic, with sedative and diuretic prop- erties, somewhat similar to opium, but without depres- sant after-effects. It is frequently an ingredient of patented cough-mixtures ; varieties of commercial lac- tucarium are produced by other species of Lactuca, q, V. L., Ext. (B. P.) Dose gr. v-xv. L., Ext., Fid. Dose lt\^x-3J. L., Syr., contains 5 per cent, ofthedrug. Dose gj- Jj. L., Tinct.,dose gss- Jij. Lactucerin {lak-tu' -ser-in) [lactuca, lettuce ; cera, wax]. A crystalline substance existing in lactu- carium, q. V. Lactucerol (lak-tu' -ser-ol) [lactuca, lettuce ; oleum, oil], CjjHjdOj. a crystalline substance existing in lactucerin ; it occurs in two isomeric forms. Lactucic Acid (lak-tu' -sik) [lactuca, lettuce] , Cg^Hg^Og. A yellow, amorphous body found in lactucarium. It is insoluble in chloroform, ether, benzin, and carbon bisulphid. In some respects it resembles oxalic acid. See Acid. Lactucin [lak-tu' -sin) [lactuca, lettuce]. A crystalline extractive of lettuce and of lactucarium. Lactucol (lak' -tu-kot) [lactuca, lettuce], CjjHjuO. A substance crystallizing in needles, formed when lac- tucerin and potassium hydrate are melted together. Lactucon {lak-tu' -kori). Same as Lactucin. Lactucopicric Acid, Lactucopicrin {lak-tu-ko-pik' - rik, lak-tu-ko-pik' -rin) [lactuca, lettuce ; TZMfidg, bitter], CuHj^Oji. An amorphous, bitter principle contained in lactucarium. Lactumen {lak-tu' -men) [&c, milk: //., Lactumina"]. 4^ synonym of Porrigo larvalis. Also, applied to that form of aphthie in which the spots have a fanci- ful resemblance to clots of curd. Lactupicrin [lak-tu-pik'-rin). See Lactucopicric Acid. Lacuna {la-ku'-nah) [lacus, a lake: pi., Lacunce], A little hollow space. A mucous or lymphatic folli- cle. L.., Absorption. See Howskip's Lacuna. L. amatorum, the vertical groove in the center of the upper lip. L. Bone. See Bone. L. of Cemen- tum, spaces in the cement of the teeth analogous to those in bone. L. cerebri, the infundibulum of the brain. L. of Cornea, spaces between the laminas of the cornea. L. graafianse. Graafian follicles. L., Haversian. See Bone. L., Howship's. I. De- pressions on the surface of bone beneath the perios- teum. 2. Carious excavations in bone filled with granulation-tissue. L., Intervillous {of placenta), the spaces in the maternal portion of the placenta filled with blood, and in which the fetal villi hang. L. labii superioris. See L. amatorum. L. later- ales sinus superioris, depressions along the groove of the superior longitudinal sinus. L. magna, the largest of the orifices of the glands of Littr6, situated on the upper surface of the fossa navicularis. L. morgagni, the orifices of the glands of Littrfe, or the glands themselves. L. pharyngis, a depression at the opening of the Eustachian tube into the pharynx. L. of Tongue, the foramen cecum. See Foramina, Table of. L. of Urethra, follicular depressions in the mucous membrane of the urethra, most abundant along the floor, especially in the region of the bulb. Their mouths are directed forward. Lacunal {la-ku'-nal), or Lacunar {la-ku' -nar) [lacus, lake]. Pertaining to the lacunae. L. Spaces, the irregular fissures between the fasciculi of connective tissue, forming the beginnings of the lymphatic vessels. Lacunose {la-ku'-nos) [lacuna, a pit, a hollow]. In biology, having pits, depressions, or spaces. Lacunosorugose {la-ku' -no-so-ru' -gos) [lacuna, pit, hollow ; ruga, a wrinkle] . In biology, deeply pitted or wrinkled, as the stone of a peach. Lacunula {lak-u' -nu-laK) [dim. of lacuna, a lake : pi., Lacunuliz\. A small or minute lacuna; an air- space, such as is seen in a gray hair when magnified. Lacus {la'-kus) [L.]. A small hollow or cavity in a tissue. L. derivationis, one of the venous spaces in the tentorium cerebelli communicating with the superior longitudinal and lateral sinuses. L. lacry- malis, the space at the inner canthus of the eye, near the punctum, in which the tears collect. L. sangui- neus, the utero-placental sinus. Lacustrine {la-kus' -trin) [lacus, a lake] . In biology, inhabiting lakes or ponds. La Dando {lah dan'-do). Synonym of Influenza. Ladanum (/arf'-aK-?g, hare; o06o/t,/i(Jf, eye]. Pertaining to or affected with lagoph- thalmos. Lagophthaltnos (lag-off-thai' -mos) [lay&c, hare ; bipOa^fiS^, eye ; from the popular notion that a hare sleeps with open eyes]. Inability to close the eyes. Lagopodous (lag-op' -o-dus) [Xayimovq, hare-footed]. In biology, hare-footed; densely clothed with long and soft entangled hairs. Lagostoma (lag-os' -to-mah) \\ay&Q, hare ; ard/ia, mouth]. See Hare-lip. Cf. Lagochilus and Lagen- tomum. Lagrange's Exterminator. An apparatus for destroy- ing the ectoparasites of poultry. It is a wooden box into which the bird is introduced with its feet tied, its head being kept outside by a special opening. In the box a brimstone match is burned ; a few minutes of exposure to this vapor suffice to kill the parasites. La Grippe (lah grip) [Fr. ] . Synonym of Influenza. Laisne's Method. A method of abdominal massage. The masseur lays his hands on either side of the ab- domen, and executes a firm but not violent double rubbing movement, one hand ascending as the other descends, the principal pressure being made by the thenar and hypothenar prominences ; the movements do not extend higher than the transverse colon, or lower than the ileum. Laity (la'-it-e) [/la(if, the people]. The non-profes- sional public. Lake (Idk). See Pigments, Colors, and Dye-stuffs, and also Lacus, L.-burn. See Fardel-bound. L.- colored, applied to blood in which the hemoglobin, having separated from the stroma, is dissolved in the serum. Lakmoid, Lacmoid (lak' -moid)\lac , milk ; eMof , like] . A delicate reagent m alkalimetry, made by acting on resorcin with sodium nitrate. Lakmus (lak'-mus). See Lacmus. Laky (la'-ke). See Lake-colored. Lalia (la'-le-ah) [laXia, talking]. Speech. Lallation (lal-a' -shun) [lallatio ; lallare, to babble]. Any unintelligible stammering of speech, such as the prattling of a babe. Also, the defect or peculiarity of speech, usually racial, in which / is substituted for r. Lalling (lal'-ing) [lallare, to babble]. Lallation; prattle; baby-talk. Laloneurosis (lal-o-nu-ro' -sis) [TJikoq, prattle ; veiipov, nerve : pi. , Laloneuroses'] . An impairment of speech arising from spasmodic action of the muscles. It in- cludes stammering and aphthongia. Lalopathy (lal-op'-ath-e) [/Id/lof, speech; naJdoq, dis- ease]. Any disorder of speech. Lalophobia (lal-o-fo' -be-ah) [Ad^f , prattle ; ^'^'hi bile; nvarig, bladder; To/i^, cutting] . Laparotomy conjoined with cholecystotomy. Laparoclysis {lap-ar-ok'-lis-is) [Aa7rd|0a, loin ; iMaiQ, a drenching]. An injection into the peritoneal cavity. Laparocolectomy (lap-ar-o-ko-kk'-to-me). Same as Colectomy. Laparocolotomy {lap-ar-o-ko-lof -o-me) [AoTrcipa, loin ; Kxikou, colon ; To/ii^, a cutting]. Inguinal or abdominal colotomy. Laparocolpotomy (lap-ar-o-kol-pof -o-me). See La- paro-elytrotomy. Laparocystectomy (lap-ar-o-sh-tek' -to-me) [AoTrdpa, loin; Kworif, cyst, bladder; Ikto/it/, excision]. An operation performed in advanced extrauterine preg- nancy for removal of the fetus and the entire sac. It is performed like an abdominal section for any cystic tumor in the abdominal cavity with dense adhesions. The sac is to be evacuated,! Or not^. as indicated, and adhesions separated, if necessary, after ligation. Laparocystotomy (lap-ar-o-sis-tot'-o-me) [Aavrapa, loin ; KVBTig, cyst, bladder ; toji^, a cutting]. I. Suprapu- bic cystotomy. 2. An operation in advanced extra- - uterine pregnancy for the removal of the fetus, the sac being allowed to remain. Laparo-elytrotomy (lap-ar-o-el-it-rof o-me) [AoTrdpa, loin ; iXvrpm, sheath ; to/j.-//, a cutting]. An oper- ation devised by Jorg as a substitute for the Cesarean operation. It consists in an incision over Poupart's ligament, dissecting up the peritoneum until the vagina is reached, when the latter is incised transversely, the cervix dilated, and the child thus extracted above the inlet. Its mortality is about 50 per cent. Laparo-enterotomy (lap-ar-o-en-ler-of -o-me) [XoTriSpa, loin; Ivrepov, intestine; TO|Ui^, a cutting]. An open- ing of the intestine through an abdominal incision. Laparogastrotomy {lap-ar-o-gas-trot^ -o-me) [hnrdpa, loin ; yaarfip, stomach ; TOfxii, a cutting] . The opening of the stomach through an abdominal incision. X.aparohysterectomy ( lap-ar-o-his-ter-ek' -io-me ) \\a- jrdpa, loin; varipa, womb; To/i^, a. cutting]. The removal of the womb through an incision in the ab- dominal walls. Laparo-hystero-oophorectomy {lap' -ar-o-his' -ter-o-o- off-or-ek' -to-me) [/laTrdpa, loin ; varepa, womb ; tio(p6pos, ovary ; kuTo/j.?/, a cutting out] . Removal of the womb and ovaries through an incision in the abdominal wall. 'Laparohysterotomy {lap-ar-o-his-ter-of -o-me) . See Gastro-enterotomy. Laparo-ileotomy {lap-ar-o-il-e-of -o-me) \\anli.pa, loin ; elhiiv, to roll; ro/iij, a. cutting]. The formation of an artificial anus in the groin. Laparokelyphotomy {lap-ar-o-kel-if-of -o-me) [lairdpa, loin; /c^AD^of, egg-shell; ro/i^, a. cutting]. Same as Laparocystotomy. Laparokolpotomy (lap-ar-o-kol-pot'-o-me). See Lap- aro-elytrotomy. Laparomyitis (lap-ar-o-mi-i' -tis) [^xmipa, loin ; /ivg, muscle; iri;, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscular portion of the abdominal wall. Laparomyomectomy (lap-ar-o-mi-o-mek' -to-me) [lloTr- dpa, loin ; pig, muscle; huToiii), a cutting out]. Re- moval of a myoma through an abdominal incision. Laparomyotomy (lap-ar-o-mi-of -o-me) . See Laparo- myomectomy. Laparonephrectomy (lap-ar-o-nef-rek' -to-me) \%aTx6,pa, loin; ve^pdf, kidney ; £(CTo/i^, a cutting out]. Neph- rectomy by an abdominal incision. Laparonephrotomy {lap-ar-o-nef-rof -o-me) ^kairdpa, loin; V£p6i, kidney; To/i^, a cutting]. Nephrot- omy through an abdominal incision. Laparosalpingectomy {lap-ar-o- sal- pin -gek'- to - me) [AaTTii/ja, loin; odXniy^, tube; To/i^, a cutting]. Re- moval of a Fallopian tube through an abdominal incis- ion. LapaTosalpingotomy {lap-ar-o-sal-pin-got' -o-me) [PIott- dpa, loin ; ffdAjriyf , tube ; TOfi^, & cutting], i. Cut- ting into an oviduct through an abdominal incision. 2. Laparosalpingectomy. Laparoscope (lap' -ar-o-skop) [hnripn, loin; dKrmclv, to examine]. An instrument for examining the ab- domen. Laparoscopy (lap-ar-os' -ko-pe) [Xandpa, loin ; ano- nelv, to examine]. The examination of the abdo- men by the stethoscope, plessimeter, or by other in- strumental means. Laparosplenectotny (lap-ar-o-splen-ek' -to-me) \%a.ndpa, loin ; (TJT/li^v, spleen ; 'tKTOfifi, a cutting out]. Re- moval of the spleen through an abdominal incision. Laparosplenotomy' {lap-ar-o-splen-otf -o-me) [Aairdpa, loin; anXiiv, spleen; TOjifj, a cuttiilg].' The sur- gical incision or entrance upon the spleen through the abdominal walls. 'LapaTOtome (lap'-ar-o-iom) [hnrdpa, loin; rO|U^, a cut- ting]. A cutting-instrument used in laparotomy. Laparotomist [lap-ar-ot' -o-mist) [AoTrdpa, loin ; TQ\iii, a cutting] . A surgeon who performs laparotomy. Laparotomy (lap-ar-of -o-me) \Xa'Kdpa, loin ; TOfifi, a cutting]. I. Surgical incision through the ab- dominal wall ; celiotomy. 2. Surgical entrance into the abdominal cavity through the loin or flank. (The definition first given is that offered by most lexico- graphers, and is in accord with common usage ; but objection has been made to this use of the word. The second definition is believed to represent the ety- mologically more correct use of the term.) L., Con- servative, abdominal section, with a view either to aspiration of the distended Fallopian tubes, or to break- ing down adhesions and freeing the diseased uterine appendages. Laparotyphlotomy (lap-ar-o-tif-lof -o-me). Synonym of Typhlotomy. Laparovaginal (lap-ar-o-vaf -in-aT) [/laTrdpo, loin ; va- gina, sheath]. Pertaining to the abdomen and the vagina. Laparysterotomy {lap-ar-is-ter-ot' -o-me). Same as Laparohysterotomy. Lapaxis Qap-aks' -is)\%dva^ig, evacuation]. Evacuation. La Perleche. See Perliche. Lapides caticrorum (lap'-id-ez kang-kro'-rum) [L.]. See Crab's-eyes. Lapidillum [lap-id-il'-um) [dim. of lapis, stone]. A scoop for removing stones from the bladder. Lapidose [lap'-id-os) \lapis, a stone]. In biology, in- habiting stony places. Lapillation (lap-il-a' -shun) \lapillus, a small stone]. The formation of stones ; lithogenesis, q. v. Lapis {la' -pis) [L. , a rock]. An alchemic term ap- plied to any non-volatile substance. L. dentium, tartar of the teeth ; salivary calculus. L. divinus, aluminated copper; a preparation used in ophthal- mology. It is made by fusing together 32 parts each of cupric sulphate, potassium nitrate, and alum, and adding a mixture of 2 parts each of camphor and alum. L. imperialis, silver nitrate. L. lazuli, a beautiful blue stone of complex composition, formerly employed as a purgative and emetic, and in epilepsy. L. lunaris, silver nitrate. L. mitigatus. See Ar- gentum. L. mutabilis. See Tabasheer. L. nau- ticus, a lode-stone. LAPLACE'S FORMULA 659 LARYNGISMUS Laplace's Formulae. I. For preparing acid sublimate solution, I to looo : Take of bichlorid of mercury, I gram ; nitric acid, 5 grams ; water 1000 grams. 2. For preparing acid sublimate tablets : Take of bichlorid of mercury, I grain ; tartaric acid, 5 grams. Make into one tablet. This is to be dissolved in one liter (1000 grams) of water. 3. Acid sublimate gauze is prepared by dipping the gauze in the foregoing solu- tion, wringing it out, and allowing it to dry in a clean atmosphere. Lappa (/a/'-fl^) [L.: ^f».,Za//«]. Burdock. The root of the common burdock, Arctium lappa, contains a bit- ter principle, a resin, and tannin. It is aperient and diu- retic and has some reputation as an alterative in constitu- tional blood-diseases. A tincture of the seed has been recommended in skin-diseases. The dose of the root is ^j-ij, in infusion or tincture ; of the fluid extract, tti,i-gj. Lappaceous [lap-a' -she-its) yappa, a. hxa']. In biology, bur-like. Lappet {lap'-et) [ME., lappet, lappet]. In biology, the wattle of a bird. Lapsana (lap'-san-aK) \Xa.-^mn), an eatable herb]. A genus of composite plants. L. communis, was formerly used as a laxative and in skin-diseases. Lapsus (lap'-sus) \labi, to fall]. A fall ; ptosis. L. palpebrs superioris, ptosis of the eyelid. L. pilo- rum, alopecia. L. unguium, falling of the nails. Larch [ME., larche,\2XQ!ci\. See Larixscaii Tamarac. Larcher's Sign. See Death. Lard and Lard-oil [ME., larden, lard]. Adeps. The fat of the pig melted by gentle heat and strained. Crude lard is white, granular, and of the consistency of a salve, of faint odor and sweet, fatty taste. Its specific gravity is .938 to .940 at 15° C. Exposed to the air it becomes yellowish and rancid. When com- pressed at 32° F. , it yields 62 parts of colorless lard- oil and 38 parts of compact lard. Lard is used in cooking; lard-oil for greasing wool, as a lubricant, and an illuminant. Lardacei'n [lar-da' -se-in) [ME., larden, lard]. An animal proteid, an indigestible amyloid substance, chiefly occurring as a pathologic infiltration into various organs, as the liver, or spleen. Lardaceous (lar-da' -she-us) [ME., larden, lard]. See Amyloid. L. Kidney. See Bright" s Disease. Larinoid [lar' -in-oid) [Xapivd^, fat; eZdof, like]. Lar- daceous ; as larinoid carcinoma. Larix [la'-riks) [L., gen. Laricis']. Larch. The dried bark of Larix europosa, the European larch, similar in action to balsamic and terebinthinate remedies. It is expectorant, stimulant, and astringent. L., Tinct. (B.P.) Dose TT\^xx-xxx. See, also, Tamarac. Larkspur {lark' -spur'). The seed of Delphinium con- solida, a diuretic and emmenagogue. Dose of the fid. ext., t)\j-x. Unof. Larnaude's Disinfecting-fiuid. A solution of zinc sulphate containing a little copper sulphate. Larrey's Amputation. See Operations, Table of. L.'s Apparatus, a form of immovable dressing made by saturating the bandages in a mixture of camphorated spirit, lead- water, and white of egg. L.'s Bandage. - See Bandage. Lartigue's Pills. Pills used in the treatment of gout, containing compound extract of colchicum 20 parts, and extract of digitalis, one part. Larva [lar'-vah) [larva, a ghost: pi. Larvcs]. The young stage of such animals as undergo transformation. , The form that insects take in emerging from the egg, commonly known as the caterpillar or " grub " stage. Also, applied to the immature form distinguishing many of the lower vertebrates before maturity. L., Loven's, the young of the marine worm polygordius. L., Muller's, the free-swimming young of the polyclad platodes, Thysanozoon and Yungia. Larvaceous Qar-va' -she-us), Larval {lar'-val) [larva, a mask] . Covering the face like a mask. Larval [larva, a ghost]. I. Pertaining to or existing in the condition of a larva. 2. Same as Larvace- ous. L. Paludism. See Dumb Ague. L. Pneu- monia. See Pneumonia. L. Scarlatina, a mild case of scarlet fever in which the rash is absent. Larvate {lar' -vat) [larvatus, masked]. Concealed; masked ; applied to diseases and conditions that are hidden by more obvious conditions, or by some pecu- liarity of their symptoms. Larviform {lar' -vtf-orni) [larva, a larva; forma, shape]. Resembling or being a larva. Larvigerous {lar-vif -er-us) [larva, ghost, mask ; gerere, to carry]. In biology, bearing the larval skin. Larviparous {lar-vip' -ar-us) [larva, larva ; parere, to bring forth] . In biology, bringing forth young (iat have reached the larval state. Larvivorous {lar-viv' -or-us) [larva, larva ; vorare, to devour]. In biology, feeding on larvae. Laryngalgia {lar-in-gal' -je-ah) [?Apvy^, larynx; d^yof, pain]. Pain or neuralgia of the larynx. Laryngeal {lar-in' -je-al) [Tidfnry^, larynx]. Per- taining to the larynx. L. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. L. Cough, an hysteric manifestation in young women. It is a paroxysmal cough, with a pe- culiar hoarse and muffled sound, like the barking of a dog. L. Crisis, an acute laryngeal spasm, occurring in the course of tabes dorsalis. L. Dilator, an in- strument designed to dilate the larynx, when the latter has become constricted by cicatricial tissues, or from other causes. L. Kdema, infiltration of a fluid or semi-fluid into the submucous connective tissue of the larynx. It is usually associated with some disease or injury of the larynx, and occurs mainly between the eighteenth and thirty-fifth years. It is characterized by dyspnea and dysphagia, L. Epilepsy, a peculiar neurosis of the larynx characterized by a sense of suffocation during sleep. There is no discoverable lesion. L. Mirror, a small circular, silvered-glass mirror used in laryngoscopy. L. Nerve. See Nerves, Table of. L. Paralysis, a loss of power of some or of all of the muscles of the larynx. L. Pouch. See Pouch. L. Reflex. See Reflexes, Table of. L. Spaces, the upper, middle, and lower parts into which the larynx may be conveniently di- vided. L. Vertigo. See Vertigo and L. Epilepsy. Laryngectomy {lar-in- jek'-to-me) [Upvy^, larynx; CKTOfi^, a cutting out]. An operation for the extir- pation of the larynx. Laryngemphraxis {lar-in-jem-fraks' -is) [Xapvy^, larynx ; iji^pa^iq, stoppage]. Closure or obstruction of the larynx. Laryngismal {lar-in-jiz' -mal) [hipvyyi^EW, to vocifer- ate]. Relating to laryngismus. Laryngismus {lar-in-jiz' -mus) [XapvyyV^tiv, to vocifer- ate]. A term loosely applied to various spasmodic affections of the larynx, such as epileptic spasm. See Laryngeal Epilepsy. L. paralyticus, a paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in horses, producing the affection called "roaring." L. stridulus, laryngospasm ; spasmodic croup ; spasm of the glottis. A spasmodic affection of the larynx, mainly confined to the early period of childhood. There is a sudden arrest of respiration, with increasing cyanosis, followed by long, loud crowing inspirations. This affection occurs in rachitic children and especially in such as are of the neurotic tendency. The attack may be severe enough to terminate life. LARYNGITIS 660 LARYNGOTOMY (•aryngitis (tar-in-ji' -tis) [Adpuyf , Urynx ; irif, inflam- mation]. A catarrhal inflammation of the larynx ac- companied by sore-throat, hoarseness, and, usually, painful deglutition and cough. In severe cases there may be edema, dyspnea, and suffocation. In infants it is much the same disease as catarrhal croup. It also accompanies malignant affections of the throat and trachea, such as diphtheria, carcinoma, etc. L.., Atrophic, a chronic form with atrophy of the raucous membrane. L. catarrbalis, catarrhal inflamma- tion of the larynx. L., Croupous. See Croup. L., Diphtheric. See Croup. L., Dry, a chronic form in which the secretion is small or dries into crusts. L., Edematous. See Laryngeal Edema. L., Fetid, a form with a sticky exudate that decom- poses. L., Follicular, a form in which the mucous glands are involved. L., Glandular. See Z., Follicular. L., Granular. 'Site L., Follicular. L., Hypertrophic, a chronic form with hypertrophy of the tissues. L., Membranous. See Diphtheria. L., Parenchymatous. See L. , Phlegmonous. L., Phlegmonous. See Laryngeal Edema. L., Poly- pous, a form characterized by the presence of polyps. L,., Pseudo-membranous, an inflammation of the laryngeal mucous membrane characterized by the presence of a pseudo-membrane of a whitish-gray color, of varying consistency, and different degrees of attachment. It is usually met with between the second and seventh years. There is a paroxysmal cough, with hoarseness and increasing dyspnea, with occasional attacks of suffocation. Death frequently results. L., Serous. See Laryngeal Edema. L., Simple, a subacute catarrhal laryngitis. L., Spas- modic, a form in which there is spasm of the glottis. L., Stridulous, laryngitis with stridor. L., Sub- mucous. See X., Phlegmonous and Laryngeal Edema. L., Suffocative, diphtheria. L., Tuber- culous, laryngeal tuberculosis. A chronic, usu- ally painful, inflammation of the larynx due to the development of " tubercles." There may be infiltra- tion, ulceration, and destruction of the cartilages. L., Ulcerative, characterized by the presence of ulcers. Laryngocace (lar-in-gok' -as-e") [Adpvyf , larynx ; Kaicdg, bad]. See Croup. Laryngocentesis {lar-in-go-sen-te' -sis) [Adpvyf, larynx; idvTriai(, puncture]. Surgical puncture or incision of the larynx. Laryngo-fissure (lar-in' -go-fish' -Ur) \7M.pxfy!;, larynx ; fissura, from findere, to cleave]. Division of the larynx for the removal of tumors or foreign bodies. Laryngography (lar-in-gog' -ra-fe") \\lipvy^, larynx ; ypa^uv, to write]. A description of the larynx. Laryngologic, Laryngological Uar-in-go-loj'-ik, lar- in-go-loj' -ik-al) \_Upvy^ ,\3.rja'^ ; Adyof, science] . Per- taining to laryngology. Laryngology [lar-in-gol' -o-je) [Upvy^, larynx ; Myoq, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the larynx. Laryngometry Uar-in-gom' -et-re) [Adpuyf , larynx ; jikrporv, measure]. The systematic measurement of the larynx. Laryngonecrosis [lar-in'-go-ne-kro'-sis) \_Mpvy^, larynx ; viiipwaiQ, death]. Necrosis of any portion of the larynx. Laryngoparalysis ( lar-in' -go-par-aV -is-is ) [Adpvyf , larynx ; 'Kap/ikvai^, palsy] . Loss of the voice or par- alysis of the vocal bands from nervous affections, and not from local disease. Laryngopathy (lar-in-gop' -ath-e) \\b.pvy^, larynx ; TrABog, a suffering]. Any disease of the larynx, Laryngophantom (lar-in-go-fian'-tum)\_Upvy^, larynx ; Small. *. Large. LARYNGO-TRACHEAL 661 LATERAL Laryngo-tracheal {lar-in' -go-tra' -ke-al) [Adpvyf, lar- ynx ; Tftdxela, the windpipe]. Pertaining conjointly to the larynx and the trachea. Laryngotracheitis [lar-in-go-tra-ke-i' -Hi) [Aaptjyf, lar- ynx; rpa;);eiv, windpipe ; inf, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the larynx and the trachea. Laryngotracheopyra (lar-in-go-tra-ke-op'-ir-aK). Sy- nonym of Croup. Laryngotracheotomy (lar-in-go-tra- ke-ot'-o-me) ['k&p- vyi, larynx ; .rpaxsla, windpipe ; ro/ir/, cutting]. That form of the operation of tracheotomy in which the cricoid cartilage, and one or more of the upper rings of the trachea are divided. Laryngo-typhoid [lar-in' -go-ti' -foid') , Laryngoty- phus Qar-in' -go-H' -fus) [Aapvy^, larynx ; rti^of, smoke]. Typhoid fever associated with marked laryn- geal complications. Larynx {lar'-inks) \Xlipvy^, larynx]. The upper part of the air-passage between the trachea and the base of the tongue. It comprises three single cartilages, the Larynx, Front View, Showing the Ligaments and Insertion of Muscles, O. h. Os hyoides. C. th. Thyroid cartilage. Corp. trit. Cor- pus triticeuni, or lesser cornu of the hyoid bone. c*. c. Cricoid cartilage. C. Ir. Tracheal cartilage. Lig. thyr.-hyoid med. Middle thyro-hyoid ligament. Li^. th.-h. lat. Lateral thyro- hyoid ligament. Lig. cric.-thyr. med. Middle crico-thyroid ligament. Lig. cric.-trach Crico-tracheal ligament. M. st.-h. Sterno-hyoid muscle. M. ih.-hyoid. Thyro-hyoid muscle. M. st.-ih. Sterno-thyroid muscle. M. cr.-th. Crico-thyroid muscle. thyroid, the cricoid, and the epiglottis, and three pairs of cartilages, the arytenoids and those of Santorini and Wrisberg. It is lined by an extremely sensitive mucosa, which is thrown into two transverse, lipped folds that constitute the vocal bands. Lascivious (las-iv' -e-us) \lascivia, wantcjnness]. Li- bidinous. Wanton. Having an unlawful desire. Laser (/a'-jcr) [L.]. i. A gum-resin highly prized by the ancients ; probably the same as Asadulcis, q. v. 2. The resin of Laserpitium latifolium. Unof. Laser, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Laserpitium {las-er-pish'-e-um) [L.]. A genus of res- inous and umbelliferous old-world herbs, various spe- cies of which have been employed in medicine. L. latifolium, or laserwort, is tonic and stimulant; its root abounds in a cathartic gum-resin. Unof. Lash [ME., lashe, the flexible end of a whip]. An eye-lash. Lassaigne's Test. See.Semen and Tests, Table of. Lassar's Paste. A paste used in the treatment of ery- thema intertrigo. It consists of salicylic acid 30 grains, oxid of zinc and powdered starch each 5 drams, vaselin 2 ounces. This is spread over the involved area. It is curative and affords protection from discharges. Lassitude (las' -it-ud) \lassitudo ; lassus, tired]. A state of exhaustion or weakness, arising from causes other than fatigue. Lasso-cell. One of the peculiar filiferous cell-like structures of celenterates, having the power of throw- ing out with great rapidity the contained thread, which produces a stinging sensation when brought in contact with the skin ; a nettlingcell ; an urticating organ. Lata, or Latah [la'-taA) [Jav.]. An hysteric neurosis locally prevalent in Java, nearly identical with the disorder of the jumpers in Maine and Canada, and with the myriachit of Siberia. The will and the motor centers appear to lack coordination, and the patient becomes to some extent obedient to the will of others, in spite of his own volitions. See Palmtts and Chorea, Automatic. Latebra (laf -eb-rah) [to^^rn, a hiding-place: pi., Lat- ebrce\. In biology, the central space of the food-yolk of a meroblastic ovum. Latebricole (lat-eb' -rik-ol) [latebra, a hiding - place ; colere, to dwell]. In biology, inhabiting a hiding- place, as certain spiders, crabs, etc. Latency [la'-ten-se) [latere, to be hid] . The condition of being latent or concealed. Latent [la' -tent) [latere, to be hid]. Concealed. Not manifest. In physics, applied to heat that apparently disappears when a liquid is vaporized or a solid melted. L. Period, the time required for the incubation of a disease. L. Squint. See Insufficiency. l^ateiad {laf -er-ad) [/a/aj, the side ; a^^, to]. Toward the lateral aspect. Lateral (lat'-er-al) [lateralis, belonging to the side]. At, belonging to, or pertaining to the side. Situated on either side of the median vertical plane. See Position and Direction, Table of. L. Column, that column of the spinal cord between the ventral and dorso-lateral fissures. L. Ginglymus, an articulation in which a pivot turns within a ring or a ring around a pivot. L. Laparo-nephrectomy, Langenbuch's operation. See Operations, Table of. L. Line, in biology, a very delicate organ of sense, usually tubular, that runs along each side of almost all fishes. According to M. de S^de, it is sensitive to the faintest movements of the water, giving the fish continual information as to the state of the medium in which it lives. L. Operation, that form of operation in lithotomy in which the opening is made on the right or left side of the perineum. L. Organs. See Organs. L. Plates, the part of the mesoblast lying external to the pro- vertebrae. L. Sclerosis, Amyotrophic, a disease of the lateral columns and anterior gray matter of the cord. It is characterized by motor weakness and a spastic con- dition of the limbs, associated with atrophy of the muscles and final involvement of the nuclei • in the medulla oblongata. The cause is unknown, and death may result in from two to three years. L. Sclerosis, Primary, Spasmodic Tabes dorsalis ; Spasmodic Spinal Paralysis ; Spastic Paraplegia ; a sclerotic disease of the crossed pyramidal tracts of the cord characterized by paralysis of the limbs, with rigidity, increased LATERALITY 662 LAUDANUM tendon-reflexes, and absence of sensory and nutritive disorders. A peculiar characteristic jerking gait is pro- duced, and clonus of the limb may be readily excited. Males are most frequently affected, and the disease occurs usually between the ages of twenty and fifty. Syphilis, exposure, and traumatism are mentioned as causes. The duration is long. L. Sclerosis, Secondary, the descending degeneration that takes place in the lateral columns of the spinal cord after and below lesions of the cerebro-spinal axis. L. Sinuses, the two veins of the dura mater situated in the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli. L. Ventricles. See Ventricle. Laterality (lat-er-al'-it-e) {lateralis, belonging to the side]. Excessive development on one side. y.aXaxaX\za.\Sa'a:{lat-er-al-iz-a'-shun') \lateralis, lateral]. The localization of a disease upon one or the other side of the body. Lateralized (lat' -er-al-izd) {lateralis, lateral]. Local- ized on one side ; directed to one side. Lateren (lat'-er-en) \Jatus, side]. Belonging to the lateral aspect in itself. Latericious, Lateritious {lat-er-ish' -us) \lateritius ; later, brick]. Pertaining to an urinary sediment resem- bling brick-dust. Latericorn {lat' -er-ik-orn) \_latus, side ; comu, horn] , In biology, one of the lateral pieces of the bill-sheath of certain birds. Latericunibent {lat-er-ik-um' -bent) {latus, side; cum- bere, to lie] . Lying on the side. Lateriflection, Laterifiexion [lat-er-if-lek' -shun) . See Laterojlection. Laterifolius Uat-er-if-o' -le-us) \latus, side ; folium, a leaf]. In biology, growing alongside of a leaf. \jM.'ex\^raA&(lat'-er-ig-rad)\latus,si&&; gradus, step]. Progressing sideways. Laterinerved (laf -er-in-ervd) \latus, side ; nervus, nerve] . In biology, applied to such leaves as have lateral nerves. Laterirectus {lat-er-ir-ek' -tus) \latus, side ; rectus, straight]. The rectus capitis lateralis muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Laterlversion (lat-ir-m-er' -shun). See Lateroversion. Latero-abdominal {lat er-o-ab-dom' -in-al) \latus, side ; abdominalis, pertaining to the abdomen]. Pertaining ' both to the side and the abdomen. L. Posture, Sims' posture. See Postures, Table of. Laterocaudal (lat-er-o-kaw' -dnl) \latus, side ; cauda, tail]. In biology, situated laterally and posteriorly. Latero-cervical (lat-er-o-ser' -vik-al) [lateralis, lateral ; cervix, the neck]. At or about the side of the neck. Laterodorsal {lat-er-o-dor' -sal) [latus, side; dorsum, back]. In biology, placed at one side of the upper surface. Lateroflection, or Lateroflexion {lat- er-o-flek' -shun) [lateralis, lateral ; flectere, to bend]. Flexion or bending to one side. Lateroniarginal (lat-er-o-mar' -jin-al) [latus, side ; margo, edge]. Placed on the lateral edge. Lateronuchal [lat-er-o-nu'-kal) [latus, side; nucha, nape]. Situated at the side of the nape of the neck. Lateropulsion (lat-er-o-pul' -shun) [lateralis, lateral ; pellere, to drive]. An involuntary motion or bearing to one side ; a symptom in certain central neuroses. Lateroretroversion [lat-er-o-re-tro-ver'-shun) [latera- lis, \a,iaa\; retro , hackward ; vertere, to turn]. Re- troversion (of the uterus), with deviation to one side. Laterostigmatal (lat-er-o-stig' -mat-al) [latus, side ; stigma, a mark]. In entomology, located on the side of the body above the stigmata. Lateroversion Qat-er-o-ver'-shun) [latus, side ; vertere. to turn]. A term applied to the deviation of the uterus from the central position^ It may be quite con- sistetit with health and require no treatment. Latex [la'-teks) [L. , liquid : pi., Latices"]. The sap or the juice of the tubes or vessels of plants. L. -cells, cells giving rise to latex or milky juice. Latham's Theory. A theory as to the constitution of the proteid molecule ; it claims that the living proteid is composed of a chain of cyanalcohols, or cyanhydrins, as they are sometimes termed, united to a benzene nucleus. Lathyrin (lath' -ir-in) [2ABvpiq, pulse]. A bitter ex- tractive of lathyrus. Lathyrism (lath' -ir-izm) [%aSvpi^, pulse]. Lupinosis; an affection, observed only in males, produced by the use of meal from varieties of vetches, chiefly the Lathyrus sativus and L. cicera. The grain is popu- larly known as the chick-pea. It gives rise to a form of spastic paraplegia, with tremor, involving chiefly the legs, and this may proceed to complete paraplegia. There is exaggeration of the knee-jerk and ankle-clonus. The arms are rarely, if ever, affected. It appears to be a slow sclerosis induced by this toxic agent. Lathjrrus (lath' -ir-us) [W6.6vpi.g, pulse]. A genus of leguminous plants. L. cicera, a species of vetch, commonly known as "chick-pea." L. sativus. See Lathyrism. Latibulum (la-tib' -u-lum) [L., &/«?■«, to lie hid]. A lurking-place for disease, infection, or poison. Laticiferous (lat-is-if -er-us) [latex, liquid ; ferre, to bear] . In biology, producing or containing latex, or milky juice. Laticostate (lat-ik-os' -tat) [latus, broad; costa, rib]. Having broad ribs. Latifia (la-tif-e' -ah) [Cf. liatafa"]. An alcoholic li- queur, or aromatic cordial, with tonic drugs, as gentian, cherry-bark, quassia, and rhubarb; it is called also Dutch bitters. Latifoliate (lat-ifo'-le-dt) [latus, broad; folium, a leaf]. Broad-leaved. Latipennate (lat-ip-en' -at) [latus, broad ; pennatus, winged]. In biology, broad-winged. Latipennine (lat-ip-en' -in). Same as Latipennate. Latissimus (lat-is' -im-us) [superl. oi latus, wide]. An adjective signifying widest. It is used as descrip- tive of certain muscles. L. colli. See Muscles (Platysma myoides). Table of. L, dorsi. See Muscles, Table of. Latrine (la-trln') [Fr.]. A water-closet or privy, especially one in a public place or institution. Lattice-work of the Thalamus. The formatio retic- ularis, g. V. Latus (la' -tus) [L.]. Broad. L. ani, synonym of Levator ani. See Muscles, Table of. Laudable (law'-da-bl) [laudabilis, or laudandum, praiseworthy]. Formerly,^ indicative of a healthy or improving condition ; characterizing an active inflam- mation , as /oarfizWi" pus. (Obs.). Laudanin (law' -dan-in) [USavav, a gum] , CjqHjjNOj. One of the alkaloids of opium. It is soluble in chlo- roform and in alkaline solutions. Laudanosin (law-dan' -o-sin) [X&Savov, a gum], CjjH^jNO^. A crystallizable alkaloid of opium. Laudanum (lod'-an-um) [derivation undetermined; by some derived from laudatum medicamentum, the praiseworthy drug ; by others from laude dignum, worthy of praise ; by others, again, from Ladanmn] . Tinctura opii. See Opium. L., Liquid. Synonym of Vinum opii. See Opium. L., Rousseau's, a prepa- ration used in Belgium, France, and Mexico, consisting of opium, honey, beer-yeast, water, and alcohol. L., LAUGH 663 LAW Sydenham's. Synonym oi Vinum o^ii. L., War- ner's, an ammoniated tincture of opium. Unof. hSLVLgh {laAf) [ME,, laugAen, to laMgh]. i. To make an audible expression of mirtli. 2. The audible expres- sion of mirth. L., Canine, L., Sardonic. Synonyms of Risus sardonicus, q. v. Laughing, or Laughter {lahf'-ing, lahf'-ter) [ME., laughen, to laugh]. A succession of rhythmic, spas- modic expirations with open glottis and vibration of the vocal bands. L. Gas, nitrous oxid, or protoxid of nitrogen. See Nitrous Oxid and Anesthetics. L. Muscle, the risorius. See Muscles, Table of. Laugier's Hernia. See Hernia and Diseases, Table of. Laumonier's Ganglion. The superior carotid gan- glion. Laurel (la-w'-rel, lor' -el) \laurus\ See Cherry-laurel, California Laurel, Great Laurel, Kalmia, Lauras. L.-water, aqualaurocerasi. See Chert y-laurel. Laurer, Canal of. See Canal. Laurin (law'-rin) [/a«r«j, laurel] , Q^Hj^Og. A fatty, crystaUizable substance obtainable from- the berries of the European laurel, Laurus nobilis. Lauro-cerasus (law-ro-ser' -as-us) [laurus, laurel ; cerasus, cherry-tree]. See Cherry-laurel. Lauro- cerasi folia, the leaves of the European cherry-laurel. Laurus (lait/-rus) [L.]. A genus of old-virorld trees and shrubs ; the true laurels. Formerly the plants that produce benzoin, camphor, cassia, cinnamon, etc., were assigned to this genus, but at present it is much restricted by botanists. L. nobilis, the noble laurel, is indigenous in the south of Europe. Its fragrant oils (one essential, from the leaves, and the other fixed, from the berries) are chiefly used in liniments. Unof. Lauryl {law'-ril) (^laurus, laurel], C^^H.^^. A univa- lent radicle, the hydrid of which is dodecane. Laurylene {law' -ril-en) [laurus, laurel], Cj^Hj^. A liquid with a high boiling-point, found in certain mineral oils. Lauth's .Ligament. See Ligament. L.'s Violet. See Pigments, Conspectus of. LsLva. ^lah'-vah) [L. , a flood or torrent]. The molten ejecta of a volcano. havage [lav-ahzh') [Fr.J. Irrigation or washing out of an organ, such as the stomach, the bowel, etc. l,a.vameniuin [lav-am-en'-tum) [lavare, to 'wash^. An injection. Lavandula (lav-an'-du-lah). See Lavender. Lavater, Angle of. See Angle. Lavatera [lav-at-e' -rah) [after the two Lavaters, phy- sicians of Zurich]. A genus of malvaceous trees, shrubs, and herbs, natives of the old world. L. thuringiaca, L. triloba, and others abound in mucilage, and are used as demulcent remedies. Unof. Lavation {lav-a' -shun) [lavatio, from lavere, to wash]. Lavage. L. of the Blood, intravenous injection of water. 'LiSvatory [lav' -at-or-e) [lavatorium, aplace for bathing]. A wash or lotion for a diseased part. Lave Uav) [lavare, to wash]. To wash; bathe. Lavel \la'-vel) [Prov. Eng.]. A local name for the epiglottis. 1.a.veTasni [lav'-ment) [lavare, to wash"]. I. Awash; the act of washing. 2. A clyster or enema. Lavender [lav'-en-der) [lavare, to wash] . The flowers of Lavandula vera, having properties due to a volatile oil. It is aromatic, stimulant, and carminative, but is used mainly as a flavor and as an adjuvant to other medi- cines. Lavandulae, Ol., the volatile oil distilled from the whole herb. Dose tt\,i-v. L., Ol., Flo- rum, the oil distilled from the fresh flowers ; prefer- able to the preceding. Dose n\,i-v. A constituent of Spt. odoratus. L., Spirit of, 5 parts of the oil in 95 of alcohol; a perfume. Dose gss-j. L.,, Tinct., Comp., oil of lavender 8, oil of rosemary 2, cinnamon l8, cloves 4, nutmeg 10, red saunders 8, alcohol 680, water 270, dilute alcohol to make 1000. Dose gss-ij. A constituent of Fowler's solution. To the labiate genus Lavandula also belong L. spica,. or broad lavender (which furnishes the oil of spike),. and other medicinal species. Laveran's Corpuscles, or Plasmodia. The Plas- modia malaria, first described by Laveran as Os- cillaria malarice. See Parasites {Animal), TabU of,. and Plasmodium. Laville's Liquid Mixture, or Antigout Remedy. A mixture used in acute rheumatism. It is said to be a tincture of quinin and colocynthin, but very prob- ably the active principle in it is colocynthin. See Colocynthis. Lavipedium (lav-ip-e' -de-uni) [lavare, to wash ; pes, foot] . A foot-bath ; a pediluvium. Law (law) [ME., lawe, a law]. A generalized and epitomized statement of facts. A general rule, or constant mode of action of forces, or phenomena. A rule of action prescribed by authority. See Jurispru- dence. L. of Abridged Transmission, the forms assumed by an individual in its ontogeny differ some- what from the accepted ancestral type. L. of Adap- tation, the law that a living organism, under whatso- ever conditions, will mould itself into harmony with those conditions, and thus continue its existence, whether in a more perfect or less perfect form. L., Angstrom's, of Absorption-spectra, the " rays that a substance absorbs are precisely those that it emits when made self-luminous." L., Ampere's. See Ampire. L. of Avogadro, equal volumes of all gases and vapors, at like temperature and like pressure, con- tain an equal number of molecules. L., Baer's, the principle that the evolution of any animal form is determined, ^rj/, by increasing histologic and morpho- logic differentiation, and secondly, by transition from a more general to a more specific type. L., Bell's, the law that the ventral roots of the spinal nerves are motor, and the dorsal sensory. See also Wallerian Degeneration. L., BerthoUet's, when two salts in solution can by double decomposition produce a salt less soluble than either, this salt will be produced. L., Boudin's, that antagonism exists between tuber- culosis and malaria. L., Boyle's, at any given temperature the volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely to the pressure that it bears. This is also called Mariotte's Law. L., Brewster's, the angle of polarization of a body is equal to that angle of incidence at which the reflected rays are at right angles to those refracted. L., Charles's, equal increments of temperature add equal amounts to the product of the volume and pressure of a given mass of gas. The increase is ^^^ of its volume measured at — 273° C. , which is the zero of absolute temperature. L., CoUes', a child born of a mother who is without ob- vious venereal symptoms, and which, without being ex- posed to any infection subsequent to its birth, presents symptoms of syphilis when a few weeks old, can infect the most healthy nurse, whether she suckle it or merely handle and dress it, while it will not infect its own mother, even though she suckle it while it has venereal . ulcers of the lips and tongue. L. of Contemporane- ous Transmission, changes in an individual appear at the same time as they appeared in its ancestor. L., Coulomb's, the force of attraction or repulsion between two charges of electricity is proportional to the quantity of electricity acting, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. L., Dalton's, or L., Dalton-Henry's, although the volume of a gas LAW 664 LAW absorbed by a liquid remains constant, the weight (volume multiplied by tbe density) of the absorbed gas rises and falls in proportion to its pressure. L. of Definite Proportions, when two or more chemic substances unite to form a compound, they do so in a fixed and constant proportion. L., Delbccuf's, a congenital variation of a number of individuals in a species, if not advantageous or injurious, and if not balanced by reversion, will produce a variety, the proportion of which to the whole species tends to reach equality. L. of Diffusion of Gases through Membranes. See Z., Graham's. L. Donders'. See Z., Listing's. L., Dulong and Petit's, the products of the specific heat of elements in the solid state multiplied by their atomic weights are (approxi- mately) the same ; i. e. , the atomic heat of elements is (nearly) a constant. L. of Electrotonus, in atielectrotonus the excitability and rate of nervous conduction are diminished, while the electromotive power is increased ; whereas in kathelectrotonus, the excitability and rate of nervous conduction are in- creased, while the electromotive power is diminished. (Rutherford.) L. of Eccentric Sensations, that wherever excitation occurs, whether in the nerve-cells themselves or anywhere in the course of the nerves leading to the cells, consciousness always refers the sensation to the presence of some external cause of excitement, i. t., the power of conception always pro- jects every sensation that reaches the consciousness outward, that is, to where the cause of the excitement is normal. (Rosenthal.) L., Faraday's : I. The quan- tity of an electrolyte decomposed in a given time is pro- portional to the strength of the current acting upon it. 2. The quantities of the substances decomposed are pro- portional to their chemic equivalents. 3. The electro- lyte must be a conductor. 4. The strength of the electrolytic force is the same in all parts of the elec- trolyte. L., Fechner's, the more expanded and accurate statement of Weber' s Law ?& to the relation between the intensity of stimuli and the changes in the resulting sensations, a constant ratio exist- ing between the strength of the stimulus and the intensity of the sensation. With increase of the stimulus the seiisation increases only as the logarithm of the stimulus. As there is a lower limit (threshold") or liminal intensity of excitation, so there is an upper or maximal height of sensibility. Between the two is the Range of Sensibility . L., Fleischl's, of Con- traction, that the excitability of a nerve varies at different points in its course. L. of Functional Sub- stitution. See L., Vulpian's. L., Gay-Lussac's. See L., Charles's. X^.,Qooie\\'a, Jiule of Reatiy Practice : " when the cervix uteri is as hard as one's nose, preg- nancy does not exist ; when it is a^ soft as one's lips, pregnancy is probable." L., Graham's, the rate of diffusion of gases through porous membranes is in in- verse ratio to the square-root of their density. L., Gud- den's, lesions of the cortex do not give rise to lesions of the nerves of the periphery. L., Hseckel's Fun- damental Biologic, the principle that every organ- ism, in its ontogeny, goes through a series of stages, each of which represents a stage in the evolution of that class of organisms to which it belongs ; heredity influencing or securing its palingeny, and the environ- ment causing its kenogeny ; in other words, " that the ontogeny is a short repetition of the phylogeny. " L., Henry's. See L., Dalton's. L., Hilton's, that a nerve-trunk supplying a given joint also supplies the muscles moving that joint and the skin over the insertion of those muscles, L. of Homotopic Transmission, variations or acquired characters ap- pear in the parts of an individual as in those of its pro- genitor. L., Hook and Gravesande's, of Elasticity, that the tension is directly proportionate to the length of the body extended , and to the amount of the extend- ing weights, and that it is also inversely proportionate to the diameter of the extended body. L., Huxley's, the physical differences between man and the higher apes are less marked than those between the higher and the lower apes. L., Joule's, the heating-power of a current is proportional to the product of the resist- ance, the square of the current-strength, and the time the current flows. L., Kirchhoff's, in electricity : i. The sum of all the positive currents is equal to the sum of all the negative currents, and, hence, if we add these, the result is zero. 2. The sum of all the electromotive forces in any circuit is equal to the sura of all the products obtained by multiplying the separate currents by the resistances through which they are flowing. 3. In optics, the law that a transparent body absorbs from a beam of light passing through it those rays which it emits in the incandescent state. See i. , Angstrom' s. L., Kofacker-Sadler's, a law as to the cause of the difference of sex. From a study of 80,000 cases these observers conclude that if the husband is younger than the wife there are as many boys as girls ; if both are of the same age there are 1029 boys to 1000 girls ; if the husband is older, 1057 boys to 1000 girls. L., Kopp's (of boiling-points") , the addition of CHj to members of certain homologous series of chemic compounds raises the boiling-point about 19.5° C. L., Lenz's, the law in electro-magnetic induction that the direction of induced currents is such that their reaction arrests the motion that produces them. L., Levert's, that in placenta praevia there is a marginal insertion of the cord. L., Listing's, pertains to the movements of the eye-ball : wiien moved from the position of rest, the angle of rotation in the second position is the same as if the eye were turned about a fixed axis perpendicular to the first and second positions of the visual line. L., Louis', in adults the lungs usually contain tubercle when it is present elsewhere in the body. L., Magnus's, in thermo-electricity, the law that " in cir- cuits of the same metal throughout, no electromotive force is produced by variation in temperature or of section of the conductor at different parts of the circuit. ' ' L., Malaguti's, when two salts are mixed in solution double decomposition occurs and four salts are formed (metathesis) , the proportions of each depending on the strength of union of the respective basic and acid radicles. L., Mariotte's, the law of physics that the volume of a gas varies inversely as the pressure to which it is subjected. See Z., Boyle's. L. of Molecular Weights, the molecular weight of an element is twice its atomic weight (with the exception of Hg and Cd) ; the molecular weight of a compound is equal to half the sum of the atomic weights of its elements. L. of Multiple Proportions, that two substances uniting to form a series of chemic com- pounds, do so in proportions that are simple multiples of one another or of one common proportion. L., Newton's, the unit force is that force which, acting for unit time on the unit mass, produces unit velocity. L., Ohm's, the law that the current-strength varies directly as the electromotive force, and inversely as the resistance. It is usually expressed by the formula , in which C is the current in amperes ; E, ■ R -I- V the electromotive force in volts; R, the resistance, of the external, and 7, that of the internal part of the circuit, in ohms. L. df Organic Balance, exces- sive development of one part of an organism is coun- terbalanced by deficient growth of another part. L., Pfliiger's, "a given tract of nerve is stimulated by LAWN-TENNIS ARM 665 LEAD the appearance of kathelectrotonus and the disap- pearance of anelectrotonus — not, however, by the disappearance of kathelectrotonus, or by the appear- ance of anelectrotonus." L. of Progress, the law of progressive increase in the perfection of organisms in the successive periods of the earth's history. L., Psycho-physical. See L., Feckner's. L. of Re- ciprocal Proportions, two elements combining with a third do so in proportions that are simple multi- ples or simple fractions of those in which they com- bine with each other. L. of Refraction, that rays of light entering a denser medium are deflected toward a perpendicular drawn through the point of incidence, and those entering a rarer medium are deflected away from the same perpendicular. L., Ritter's or Ritter- Valli's, if a nerve be separated from its center, or if the center die, the excitability of the nerve is in- creased; the increase of excitability begins at the central end, and travels towards the periphery; the excitability then falls until it disappears entirely. L. of Sexual Transmission, a parent transmits charac- teristics to children of his or her sex not transmitted to the opposite sex. L., Stokes' : \. %&^ L., Angstrom's. 2. Every muscle in relationship with an inflamed mucous or serous surface becomes paralyzed. L., Tail's, in every disease of the abdomen or pelvis in which the health is destroyed or life is threatened, and in which the condition is evidently not due to malig- nant disease, an exploration of the cavity by celio- tomy should be made. L., Toynbee's, a law con- cerning intra-cranial disease secondary to otitis. It is that the cerebellum and lateral sinus suffer from disease of the mastoid, while the cerebrum is endan- gered by caries of the tympanic roof. L., Valli- Ritter's. See L., Ritter-VallV s. L., ,Van der Kolk's, the sensory fibers of a mixed nerve are dis- tributed to parts that are moved by muscles that re- ceive the motor fibers of the same nerve. Thus, in nerve-lesions the chief sensory symptoms are always peripheral or distal from the chief motor symptoms. L., Volta's, of Tension, the contact of two differ- ent substances produces an electromotive force equal to the algebraic difference of their electric condition, which difference is constant for the same substances. L., Vulpian's, the functions of a destroyed portion of an animal's brain are assumed by the remaining portion. L., Wallerian, of Degeneration ; from experiments Waller showed that the trophic centers of the ventral roots of spinal nerves lie in the multipo- lar nerve-cells of the ventral horns of gray matter, while those of the dorsal roots lie in the ganglia placed upon them. Generalized, the law predicates that the course of the impulses in a nerve may be ascer- tained by tracing the course of the subsequent degen- eration. L., Weber's, the principle that that varia- tion of stimulus that causes the smallest appreciable variation in sensation maintains, approximately, a fixed ratio to the total stimulus. See also Z., Feckner's. Lawn-tennis Arm. Displacement of the tendon, or body (or both) of the pronator radii teres. Com- mon in lawn-tennis players. L.-t. Knee. See Knee. L.-t. Leg, tendinous, fascial, or muscular rupture in the calf or sura. Lavirsonia (law-so'-ne-aK). See Henna. Lax (laks) \laxus, loose]. Loose ; not tense. Laxarthrus [laks-ar' -tkrm) [laxus, loose; apBpav, joint]. Luxation of a joiiit. Laxative {Jaks'-at-iv) \laxativus ; laxare,X.o\oose.-a\. I. Aperient ; mildly cathartic. 2. An agent that loosens the bowels; a mild purgative. Laxator {laks-a' -tor) {laxare, to loosen]. That which loosens or relaxes. A name applied to various mus- cles. L. tjrmpani. See Muscles, Table of. Laxitas (laks'-it-as) [L.]. Looseness. L. alvi, diar- rhea. L. gingivarum, spongy gums. L. intes- tinorum, diarrhea. L. ventriculi, atony of the stomach. Laxity [laks^-it-e) \_laxitas, looseness] , Lack or loss of tone or tension ; a relaxed, loose, or spongy state of a tissue. Layer (la'-er) [ME., leyer, a layer]. A mass of uni- form, or nearly uniform, thickness, spread over or covering a considerable area. L., Bacillar (of the retina), the layer of rods and cones of the retina. L., Basement, basement membrane, q. v. L., Bow- man's. ^i& Lamina, Bowman' s. L., Fibrous (o/'i'/if pericardium), the outer layer of the pericardium, con- tinuous above with the deep cervical fascia. L., Funda- mental, one of the three layers of the blastoderm, q. v. L., Ganglionic, a layer of angular cells of the cerebral cortex, besf developed in the motor area. L., Ger- minal. See L., Fundamental. L., Henle's, the outer layer of the inner root-sheath of the hair. L., Huxley's, the inner layer of the inner root-sheath of the hair. L., Horny (of the epiderm), the superficial layer of the skin. L., Inner Molecular, one of the layers of the retina. L., Latticed, the formatio reticu- laris, q. V. L., Malpighian, the rete mucosum of the skin. L., OUier's. See L., Osteogenetic. L., Osteogenetic, the lower layer of periosteum, con- nected with the formation of bone. L., Papillary (of the skin) , the upper layer of the true skin, having papil- lary projections fitting into the epidermis. L., Pig-, mentary (of tke retina), the innermost layer of cells of the retina extending also to the choroid, ciliary body, and iris. L., Primitive, or Primordial, the layers of the blastoderm ; by some applied to epiblast, hypo- blast, and mesoblast ; by others to the first two only. L. of Rods and Cones. See Z. , Bacillar, and Retina. L., Serous, the ental layer of serous mem- branes, consisting of endothelium. Layering (la'-er-ing) [ME., leyer, a layer]. The propagation of plants by layers. Layette (lay-ef) [Fr.]. The full outfit of garments, bedding, etc. , for a new-born child. Layman (la'-man) [D., leeman, a. layman]. A mem- ber of the laity. Lazar (la'-zar) [from Lazarus, a Biblical name] . An old name for a leper, or for any person having a repul- sive disease. Lazaret Fever. A synonym of Typhus Fever, q. v. Lazaretto (laz-ar-ef -o) [Ital. , a pest-house] . A quar- antine establishment. Also, a place for fumigation and disinfection. Lazari malum (laz'-ar-i ma'-lum) [L., "Lazarus' ill"]. Synonym of Leprosy, Lazulite Qaz'-u-ht) [S. , azul, blue] . A mineral of a light-blue color, composed of the hydrous phosphate of aluminum, m^nesium, and iron. Leaching (llch'-ing) [ME., leechen, to wet]. In chemistry, removing by percolation. Lead (led) [ME., leed, lead]. See Plumbum. L., Black. See Graphite. L. -colic. See Colic. L.- encephalopathy, a morbid condition of the brain due to chronic lead-poisoning. L.-line, blue line ; the line of discoloration on the gums in cases of chronic lead- poisoning. L.-pipe Contraction,Weir Mitchell's term for the marked resistance encountered in attempting to flex the legs in cases of spastic paraplegia of infants, the resistancegradually yielding as the effort to flex is maintained ; also the condition of the limbs in the cataleptic state in which they maintain any position that is given them. L.-pipe Paralysis. Same as LEADER 666 LECTUAL L.-pipe Contraction. L.-poisoning, plumbism ; saturn- ism ; painters' colic; lead-palsy; systemic poisoning. It is due to the introduction of lead into the system. The symptoms are disturbed nutrition, anemia, the gingival line, lead-colic, constipation, pains in the limbs, local muscular paralysis (wrist-drop) and wast- ing, saturnine encephalopathy, etc. The treatment consists in stopping ingress of lead to the system, its elimination by iodid of potassium, aperients, particularly the sulphates, etc. L., Sugar of. See Plumbi acetas. L., Vinegar of, liquor plumbi subacetatis, q.v. Also applied to alkaline solutions of basic lead salts. L., White, basic lead carbonate (PbCOj^j.Pb- (OH)^. L., Pattison's White, the oxychlorid of lead ; it is used as a paint. Leader [le'-der) [ME., leder, a leader]. A sinew or tendon ; a main artery ; a terminal shoot. L,esif {/ef) [ME. , turf, leaf ; AIttoj, ascale]. In botany, an expanded plant-organ, produced laterally from the stem or branch, and, regarding only the way in which it originates, applied arbitrarily to the carpels, stamens, floral envelops, cotyledons, and ordinary leaves. See Folia. L.-cup. See Bearsfoot. L.-green. See Ckloropkyl. Leaflet (lif'-let) [ME., leef, a leaf]. A small leaf, or leaf-like organ or appendage. Lean (tin) [ME. , lene, lean] . Scant of flesh ; thin ; spare. Free from fat. L. -faced, having a thin face. Leanness [lln'-nes) [ME. , /<'«^, lean]. A condition of having less than the usual amount of fat or flesh. It may be natural, or the result of disease. Leap [Isf] [ME., lepen, to spring]. To bound; to spring up. Leaping (llp'-ing) [ME., lepen, to spring]. Springing; jumping. L. Ague, a synonym of Dancing Mania. Leash (fisK) [ME. , leesshe, a leash] . The network of branches into which a nerve-trunk or a vessel may be divided. Leather (leth'-er) [ME., tether, leather]. A material manufactured from hides or skins by the process of tanning, which may be done by a number of methods. The following are the main varieties of leathers so produced: Sole-leather; this is the heaviest and firm- est variety of leather produced. It is made from the heaviest and thickest hides, and is valued for its fine grain and toughness. It retains the whole thickness of the hide. Upper and Harness Leathers ; these are made from lighter hides, and are tanned for strength and flexibility rather than for weight. The black color and finish are put on upper leather by coating it with a mixture of lamp-black, linseed oil, and fish-oil, to which tallow and wax and a little soap have been added. Morocco Leather ; the true morocco leathers are manufactured from goat-skins. A cheaper grade, known as French morocco, is produced from sheep- skins. Enamelled or Patent Leathers ; these are leath- ers finished with a water- proof and brightly varnished surface, similar to lacquered wood- work. Thin and split hide is used for these. Russia Leather is peculiar in its characteristic odor and its ability to withstand dampness, without any tendency to mold, both of which qualities it owes to the currying with the empy- reumatic oil of birch-bark. Chamois Leather is a soft felt-like leather, originally prepared from the skin of the chamois-goat, but now made from other goat-skins and from the ' ' flesh splits "of sheep-skins. Crown Leather is a variety intermediate between oil-tanned and tawed leather, being stronger than the first and more water-resistant than the latter. The leather readily becomes moldy, but seems to be strong and specially adapted for belting. White-tanned or " Tawed" Leather ; skins to be tanned with the hair on, as sheep-skin rugs, etc., as well as light calf-kid and glove-leather, are always alum-tanned. The glove- leather thus obtained has softness and considerable strength, but is not thoroughly water-resistant. Parch- ment and Vellum ; the first of these is prepared from the skins of sheep and goats, and the second from the skins of calves. The skins are washed, limed, un- haired, and fleshed, and then stretched thoroughly. They are then again well-scraped and rubbed with pumice-stone, and allowed to dry on a frame in the shade, care being taken to avoid sunshine or frost. Very fine vellums are prepared with the finest pumice-stone. Digras, a valuable side-product of the leather indus- try. It is essentially an emulsion of oxidized fish-oil, produced by soluble albuminoids. It is used largely for currying purposes. L.-brovsrn. Same as Pheny- lene-brown. L.-wood. Ste^ Dirca palustris. Leathery Ueth'-er-e) [ME. , tether, leather]. Resem- bling leather ; applied to thickened arteries, to various tough tissues in the body; and to the liver, spleen, or lungs. Leaven [lev'-n) \levare, to raise]. A name given to several species of ferments belonging to the class of Saccharomyces, of which the culture known as " sour dough" is a common example. Leban, Leben (leb''an, leb'-en) [Ar. , lebanl. A variety of fermented milk of the Arabs. It is made by adding some of the fermented milk of the previous day to the fresh milk as soon as it is brought in from the milking. It is a slightly acid fluid of the consist- ence of cream, with small, flaky curds, and with the taste of buttermilk. It is easily digested, and hence is suitable for invalids. It corresponds to the ' 'Matssoon" of the Turks. Leber's Disease. Congenital malformation of the optic nerve, with atrophy. Hereditary optic atrophy. See Diseases, Table of. Lecat's Gulf. The dilated bulbous portion of the urethra. Lecheguana (la-cha-gwan'-ah) [Port.]. A kind of poisonous honey collected in S. America from flowers of the genera Paullinia and Serjania. It produces hilarity, followed by heavy narcotic slumber, and later by melancholic depression. Unof. Lechopyra {lek-op' -ir-aK) \\zx^> ^ lying-in woman; Trip, fire, fever]. Puerperal fever. Lecithigenous {les-itk-ij'-en-us) [/IcraSof, yolk ; yev- vdv, to beget]. Producing lecithin. Lecithin {les' -ith-in') [AeraSof, yolk of egg], C^^Hg,,- NPO9. A complex nitrogenous fatty substance occur- ring widely spread throughout the animal body. It is found in the blood, bile, and serous fluids, as well as in the brain, nerves, yolk of egg, semen, pus, and white blood-corpuscles. It is a colorless, slightly crystalline substance, readily soluble in cold, and very much so in hot alcohol. It swells up in water, and throws out curling filamentous processes at the same time. It is easily decomposed. The lecithins, as a class, form a group of substances the type of which is normal lecithin. Lecithoid (les' -ith-oid) [/ti«(Sof, yolk; eldoc, like]. Resembling lecithin. Lecithophore {les'-ith-o-fir) \ltuBoq, yolk ; fopelv, to bear]. A layer of cells in the ovum, constituting the floor of the segmentation-cavity. Lecithus [les'-ith-us) [MkiSoq, yolk]. The egg-yolk. Lecithymen {les-ith-i' -men) [UniBo^, yolk ; vji^, mem- brane] . The vitelline membrane. Leclanchfe Cell. See Cell. Leco [le'-ko] [Xrinii, penis]. The penis. Lectual {lek'-tu-al) [L., lectus , a.\s&iL\. Pertaining to a bed or couch. L. Disease, a disease that confines one to bed. LECTULUS 667 LEMITHOCHORTON Lectulus (lek' -tu-lus) [dim. of lectus, bed]. An old name for various forms of splints, cushions, and pads used in surgery; also, a bed or couch; a couch or mattress containing medicinal substances. L. medi- catus, a dry fomentation. Ledon (le'-don) [A^rfov, cistus]. See Ladanum. Ledoyen's Disinfecting-fluid. A solution of lead nitrate. Ledran's Suture. See Suture. Ledum [le'-dum) [Xiidov, a species of cistus] . A genus of ericaceous shrubs. Li. palustre, marsh- tea, the leaves of which have been used as a febrifuge and sedative, and in skin-diseases. Unof. Ledyson, Powder of. A powder containing Armenian bole, with powdered charcoal, slaked lime, sal am- moniac, and powdered cinnamon. Leech (Jech) [AS., lace, physician]. I. Hirudo medi- cinalis, or other worm-shaped aquatic ^.nd blood-, sucking animals employed in surgery. 2. Formerly a medical practitioner; a physician. 3. To extract blood by leeching. See Hirudo. L., Artificial, an apparatus for cupping. See Heurteloup. L.- craft, an archaic name for the art of healing. L., Horse, See Horse-leech. L.-tube, a glass tube in which a leech is placed so that its mouth will come in contact with the skin of the part over which the tube is placed. Leecher (fe,4'-if?-) \W&., leeche, a physician] . A per- son who applies leeches. Lees {kz) [AS., Ubs, dregs]. The dregs or solid mat- ter held in suspension by a liquid, that finally settles at the bottom of the vessel. . Especially the sediment of vinous liquors. Also, a valuable side-product in the manufacture of wine. It is the deposit formed on the bottom of the casks, and consists of from 30 to 40 per cent, of vegetable matter, the remainder being tartrates, sulphates (in plastered wines), alumina, phosphoric acid, etc. Leeting {llt'-ing). The exudation on the surface of the skin in eczema. Le Fort's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Left [MS.., left, left]. Sinistral; opposite of right. The left-hand side. In man and other mammals, the side containing the larger part of the heart. L.- "brained, having the speech-center in its normal situ- ation, in the left third frontal, or subfrontal convolu- tion. L.-handed, having more power and dexterity in the left than in the right hand. L. Lateral Recumbent Position. See Postures, Table of. Leg [ME., /^^, leg]. The lower extremity of man, especially that part from the knee to the ankle. An organ of locomotion in man and other animals. L., Bandy, bow-leg. L., Barbadoes, elephantiasis of the leg. L., Black, of Canada, a condition of purpura affecting the legs of Canadian lumbermen. L., Cochin. See L. , Barbadoes. L., Crossed, a crossing of the axes of the legs. L., Dentist's, a painful cramp in the leg-muscles of dentists. L., Dover's, a term for hypochondriasis. L.-ill. See Slack Leg. L., Lavyn-tennis. ?,ee Lawn-tennis Leg. L., Milk, phlegmasia alba dolens. L., Scissors. See L., Crossed. L., Weeping, a leg the seat of eczema madidans. L., White. See L., Milk. Legal (le'-gal) [lex. legis, law]. Pertaining to law. L. Medicine, medical jurisprudence. Legal's Disease. Headache due to meningo-tympanic disease. See Diseases, Table of. Legitimacy (le-jit' -im-as-e) [legitimare , to make law- ful]. The condition-of being within the bounds of the law. Also, the statutory recognition of a child born within wedlock, or within a period of time necessary to gestation, whicn may elapse after the death of the father. Legume {leg'-um or leg-urn'^ [legere, to gather (so- called because it may be gathered by the hand) ] . In biology, the fruit of plants of the pea or pulse family, <• pod splitting along both sutures, and formed from a simple pistil. Legumin (Jeg-u'-min) [legumen, pulse]. A proteid compound in the seeds of many plants belonging to the natural order of leguminosse. Vegetable casein. See Casein. Leguminosae (leg-u-min-o' -se) [legumen, pulse]. The pulse family ; an important family of plants compris- ing the bean, the clover, the lentil, the pea. Licorice, indigo, gum arable, senna, are also obtained from species of this family. Leguminous (leg-u' -min-us) [legumen, pulse]. Per- taining to or resembling the Leguminoste. Leicester System. A system of combating smallpox that consists in isolation, quarantine, and disinfection, without vaccination. Leiocephalous {li-o-sef -al-m) [XEiof , smooth ; KefaX^, head]. Having a smooth head. Leiodermia {Ji-o-der' -me-aK) [/leZof, smooth ; Sip/ia, skin]. A disease of the skin marked by abnormal glossiness, and by atrophy. Leiodermatous (li-o-der' -mat-us) [\uoq, smooth ; Skpjia, skin]. Smooth-skinned. Leiomyoma {li-o-mi-o' -mah) [AeZof, smooth ; fiv^, muscle ; bfm, a tumor : pi., Leiomyomata']. A tumor consisting largely of unstriped muscle-fibers. Leiopilous (li-op'-il-tis) [Aeiof, smooth ; jrj/lof, wool]. ' Same as Leiocephalous. Leiopus {li'-o-pus) [Atio?, smooth ; vroirf, foot]. Syn- onym of Talipes planum, or flat-foot. Leiotrichous, Liotrichous (li-ot'-rik-us) \%uof, smooth ; S/w'f, hair]. Having smooth or straight hair. See Lissotrichous. Leiphemia (li-fe' -me-ah) [Xe'muv, to fail ; al/io, blood]. Failure, poverty, or a depraved state of the blood. Leipodermia (li-po-der' -me-ah) [TiEineiv, to leave ; Skpfia, skin]. A deficiency of the skin, especially of the prepuce. Leipomeria [li-po-me' -re-ah) [leiireiv, to leave ; fiipog, part]. A monstrosity with absence of one or more limbs. Leipopsychia (Ji-pop-si'-ke-ah) [/z'meiv, to fail ; V'AT^f spirit]. Fainting; weakness; asphyxia. Leipothymia {li-po-thi' -me-ah) [Xe'meiv, to fail; 6v/i6(, mind]. A fainting or syncope. Leipothymic [li-po-thi' -mik) [Xeiweiv, to fail ; 0v/i6g, mind]. Faint ; affected with or pertaining to leipo- thymia. Leipsic Green. Same as Schweinfurth Green. L. Yellow. Same as Chrome-yellow. Leipyria (li-plr' -e-ah) [Xuveiv, to fail ; irvp, fire] . Coldness, as of the extremities, during a high fever. Leitch's Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Leiter's Apparatus, Coil, or Tubes. Tubes of soft, flexible metal designed for application about any part of the body. Cold water is passed through the tubes, thereby reducing the temperature of the parts encased. Leithner's Blue. Same as Cobalt-blue. Lekene (le'-kln). The principal constituent of Cau- casian ozokerite ; it melts at 79° C, and has the com- position CnH^n-l-a or CnHjQ. Lema (le'-maK) [Xi^//)/, rheum]. The collection of dried matter sometimes seen at the canthus of the eye. Lembert's Suture. See Suture. Lemery's Powder. A stimulant and digestive powder containing cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, cloves, mace, musk, and raisins. L.'s Salt, magnesium sulphate. Lemithochorton (lem-ith-o-kor'-ton). Same as Hel- minthochorton. LEMMA LENTICULAR Lemma {lem'-ah) [Ufifia, peel : pi. , Lemmata] . A general name for a limiting or ensheathing membrane ; e. g., neurilemma, sarcolemma, etc. It is mostly used in composition. In embryology, the outer layer of the germinal vesicle. Liemnian Earth Uem'-ne-an) [Xfjixviog, Lemnian]. A variety of reddish kaolin, originally found in the Isle of Lemnos ; a kind of bole {g. v.) used as an astrin- gent; also, as a detergent, like fuller's earth; Lem- nian bole. See, also, Ocher. Lemniscus (lem-nis'-kus) \Xriii,viaKJoq, fillet]. I. A ribbon-like appendage. 2. Fillet; a triangular area on the lateral slope of the mesencephal, in which the fibers run approximately cephalo-dorsad. It is dorso- cephalad of the demarcation-line of the pons, and con- stitutes the most ventral part of the tegmentum. Sev- eral divisions are made ; e. g., inferior, lateral, and median or superior lemniscus. 3. In biology, the name given by Rudolphi to a glandular, filiform organ, pendent, on either side of the proboscis-sheath, in the anterior body-cavity of Echinorhynchus. Dujardin considers it to be of the nature of a salivary gland. Lemon (Jem' -on). See Limon. Lemonade (lem-on-sd') [Jimon, lemon]. An acidulous, refrigerant drink made from the juice of lemon. L., Sulphuric Acid, a solution of sugar in water con- taining sulphuric acid. It is used in lead manufac- tories to prevent lead-poisoning. Lemoparalysis ile-mo-par-al' -is-is) [Aa«|U(if, gullet; •KapakvavQ, palsy]. Paralysis of the esophagus. Lemostenosis Ue-mo-ste-no' -sis) [Aoi^iif , gullet ; mk- vaaic, stricture]. Constriction of the pharynx or esophagus. Lendigerous (len-dif -er-us) \lens, alouse's egg igerere, to bear]. Bearing or having vesicles. Lenhossek, Bundle of. The ascending root of the vagus and glosso-pharyngeal nerves. Leniceps [len' -is-eps) \_lenis, mild ; eapere, to seize] . A form of obstetric forceps, with short handles ; it is so called because it was designed to be safer in use than the ordinary forms. Lenient (le'-ne-ent) [leniens, softening]. I. Lenitive; emollient. 2. An emollient medicine or application. Leniment [len' -im-ent) \_lenire, to soothe]. A liniment or soothing application. Lenitis (len-i'-tis) . A term for phlegmonous gastritis, or suppurative inflammation of the areolar tissue of the stomach. Lenitive (len'-it-iv) [lenitivus, soothing]. Emollient or demulcent ; laxative or aperient. 2. An emollient remedy or application ; an aperient or mildly cathartic agent. L. Electuary, confectio sennas. Lens {lenz) [L. , a lentil]. A regularly-shaped piece of glass or crystal for the refraction of rays of light. The crystalline lens of the eye. L., Achromatic. See Achromatic. L., Apochromatic. See Apo- chromatic. L., Astigmatic. See Z., Cylindric. L., Astigmatic, of Stokes, an apparatus con- sisting of two plano-cylindric lenses, one concave, the other convex, the two of equal focal distance ; it is used in the diagnosis of astigmatism. L., Biconcave (negative or minus ( — ) lens) , a thick- edged lens having concave spheric surfaces upon its opposite sides ; it is used in spectacles to cor- rect myopia. L., Biconvex (positive or plus (-f-) lens) , a thin-edged lens ; it has two convex surfaces, and is used to correct hyperopia. L., Bifocal. See Bifocal. L., Cicatricular, a lenticular body in the ovum formed by the junction of the germinal vesicle and the non-germinal layer of the ovum. L., Con- vergent or Converging, a double convex or plano- convex lens that focuses rays of light. L., Crystalline, the lens of the eye, situated immediately behind th§ pupil. L., Cylindric (either minus or plus), one grounduponacylindric tool, 2. c, one with a plane sur- face in one axis and a concave or convex surface in the axis at right angles to the first. L., Decentered, one in which the optic center is not opposite the pupil of the eye. L., Dispersing, a name for a concave lens. L.-paper, a soft absorbent paper much used for clean- ing lenses ; it is also known as Japanese filter-paper. L., Periscopic, one with concavo-convex or convexo- concave surfaces, the opposite sides being of different curvatures ; it is used to avoid spheric aberration, and to gain a greater field of clear vision ; such lenses are called meniscus lenses. L., Plano-concave, Plano- 1234s 6 Different Forms of Spheric Lenses. I. Biconvex lens. 2. Plano-convex. 3. Concavo-convex, or convergent meniscus. 4. Biconcave. 5. Plano-concave. 6. Convexo-concave, or divergent meniscus. convex, Plano-cylindric, have a plane surface upon one side and a curved surface upon the reverse side. L., Prismatic, a triangular bar of glass. L., Spheric, one whose curved surface, either concave or convex, is a segment of a sphere, in contradistinction to a cylin- dric lens. L., Sphero-cylindric, one with a spheric surface upon one side, and a cylindric surface upon the reverse, used for the correction of either myopia or hyperopia, associated with astigmatism. See Spectach- lenses. L.-star, the stellate figure seen on the pos- terior surface of the crystalline lens. L., Test or Trial, one of a set of lenses employed in determining refractive errors. " Lenticel [len' -tis-el) \lenticella ; dim. of lens, lentil]. Any one of the little mucous follicles or crypts at the base of the tongue ; any lenticular gland. In biology, a lens-shaped collection of cells ; applied to the dots on new bark and to certain glands. Lenticellate {len-tis-eP -at) [lenticella ; dim. of lens, lentil]. Having lenticels. Lenticonus (len-tik-o' -nus) \lens, a lens ; conus, a cone]. A rare, usually congenital, anomaly of the lens in which there is a conical prominence upon its anterior, or more rarely upon its posterior, surface. Lenticula [len-tik'-u-lah), Lenticule [len'-tik-iil) [L. ; dim. of lens, lentil: pi., Lenticul6pog, fear]. Morbid or insane dread of leprosy. Leprophthatmia {lep-roff-thaV -me-ah ) \%k'Kpa, leprosy ; bipda^/idg, the eye]. Ophthalmia of a leprous charac- ter. L^piosaTiuTa (/ep-ro-sa'-re-um) [L.]. A leper-house ; leprosery. Leprosery (lepf -ro-ser-e) [Fr., leproserie\. Same as Leprosarium. Leprosity (lep-ros' -it-e) [leprositas, from/UTrpo, leprosy], Leprousness ; the state of being leprous. Leprosy (lep'-ro-se) [/UTrpa, leprosy]. Lepra vera; Elephantiasis gracorum ; Black Leprosy ; Leontiasis ; an endemic, chronic, constitutional disease analogous to syphilis, and varying in its morbid mani- festations according as the brunt of the disease falls on the skin, the nerves, or other tissues. It occurs in three forms, the tuberculated, non-tuber- culated or anesthetic, and the mixed tuberculated. The tuberculated or nodular leprosy is attended at the onset with debility, depression, dyspepsia, diarrhea, drowsiness, chilliness and profuse perspiration, marked vertigo, recurrent epistaxis, fever up to 104° F. ; after a variable period of days or even months, com- ing first with edema of the eyelids, the leprous spots appear on the face and ears, and then on the anterior and external surfaces of the limbs. The exanthem is an erythema, varying from a bright-red to a purplish-red ormahogany-red tint, associated with the leprousdeposit of well-defined, shiny, slightly raised patches of from one to several inches in diameter. Papules then form in crops, gradually reaching the size of a hen's egg and of a yellowish to a dark-brown color. Tuberculation does not develop until from three to six months after the commencement of the disease. Nodules are most com- mon on the face, limbs, breast, scrotum, and penis. There is also an involvement of the mucous membranes. When the disease is fully developed, the face assumes the characteristic leonine appearance, from thickening of the skin. Ulceration eventually sets in, and the patient dies of exhaustion or complications. Non- tuberculated leprosy is the most common tropical form. The prodromal symptoms are marked, and are asso- ciated at first with hyperesthesia of the skin. At the end of a year the special eruption breaks out, usually on the back, shoulders, posterior aspect of the arms, nails, thighs, and sometimes in the course of nerves. The spots are one or two inches in diameter, well- defined, not raised, and of a pale-yellow color. They spread peripherally, clearing in the center, which be- comes dry, scaly, and anesthetic. Paralysis is usually a late symptom, and ulceration is common. Death results from ulceration, gangrene, marasmus, or general debility. Mixed tuberculated leprosy is the least common form, and its symptoms are a combination of those of the other two varieties. Destruction of the cartilages of the nose and of the soft palate is common. Leprosy is due to the action of a special bacillus, and the disease is almost invariably fatal. L,, Anesthetic, See Leprosy, Nerve. L,, Articular. Synonym of Lepra mutilans, q. v. L,, Black, a form in which the eruption or the crusts are pigmented. L., Cutaneous, See Leprosy. L., Italian, Pellagra, q. V. L., Lombardian, See Pellagra. L., Macular, a form of anesthetic leprosy characterized by the presence of pigmented or white spots. L. of Mal- abar, elephantiasis arabum. L,, Mixed Tubercu- lated, See Leprosy. L,, Nerve, a form of leprosy characterized by the progressive formation of the leprous neoplasm in the peripheral sensory nerves, and to some extent in the motor branches also. The condition is marked by pain along the course of the involved nerves, followed by an eruption of maculae which as they enlarge become anesthetic. L,,, Nodular, See L., Tubercular, under Leprosy. L,, Smooth, anesthetic leprosy. L., Tubercular, and L,, Tuberculated, See Leprosy. L,, White. See Vitiligo. Leprotic (lep-rof -ik) , Leprous [lep'-rus) \Xinpa, lep- rosy]. Affected with, or relating to, leprosy. Leprousness (lep' -rus-nes) \leprosus, leprous]. The state of being leprous. Leptandra (lep-tan' -draK) [/leTrriif, thin ; avfip, male]. Culver's Root, The rhizome and rootlets of L. vir- ginica, now called Veronica virginica. Its properties are thought to be due to a glucosid, leptandrin. It is a tonic, laxative, and cholagogue, and is indicated in indigestion and chronic constipation. Dose of the ext. gr, j-iij ; of the fld. ext. tT\,xx-gj. Leptandrin (lep-tan' -drin) [/IcTrrrif , thin ; dvjyp, male]. The precipitate from a tincture of the root of Leptan- dra (Veronica) virginica; alterative, deobstruent, laxative, cholagogue, and tonic. Dose from 2 to 4 grains. Unof. Lepthymenia (lep-ihi-me' -neralC) [^eTrriif , thin ; i/i^v, membrane]. Delicacy or thiiiness of membrane. Lepthymenic (lep-thi-men' -ik) \\enr6Q, thin ; ili^, membrane] , Relating to lepthymenia, Lepto- (lep'-io-) [AeTrrcif, thin, small, slender]. A prefix signifying small or slender. Leptocardia (lep-to-kar' -de-aK) [/U7rT(5f , thin ; KapSla, heart]. A group of fishes of which the lancelets are the only representatives. Leptocephalia (lep-to-sef-a' -le-aK) peTrriif, thin, small; /ce^a/l^, head]. Abnormal smallness or narrowness of the skull. Leptocephalic {lep-to-sef-al'-ik), Leptocephalous (lep- to-sef -al-us\ [AE7rr(if, slight ; iieoq, skin]. A genus of vinegar eels. L, stercoralis. See Thread-worms, and Parasites (Animal) , Table of. Leptodermic, Leptodermous (lep-to-der'-mik, lep-to- der'-mus) [AfTrrdf, thin; dip/ia, skin]. Having a delicate skin. Leptodontous (lep-to-don'-tus) PiSirrd^, thin; 6Wf, tooth] . Having thin or slender teeth. Leptomeninges (lep-to-men-in'-Jlz) [Aettt^c, thin ; /iijvi-y^, a membrane]. The arachnoid and pia, or the pia alone. LEPTOMENINGITIS 671 LETZERICH, BACILLUS OF Leptomeningitis {lep-to-men-in-ji' -tis) \XfKTl>^, slight ; ^iyvtyf, membrane ; niq, inflammation]. Inflamma- tion of the pia and arachnoid of the brain and the spinal cord, in contradistinction to Pachymeningitis, though meningitis alone usually signifies the same as leptomeningitis. See Meningitis. L. cerebralis, an inflammation confined usually to the pia of the convex surface of an anterior lobe of the cerebrum. L., Cerebro-spinal, an inflammation of the pia of the brain and cord. L. spinalis, an inflammation of the pia of the spinal cord. L., Tuberculous, an in- flammation of the pia due to the presence of the tubercle-bacillus. Leptomeninx (lep-to-men' -ingks) [^CTrrdf, delicate; fiVVty^, membrane: //., Leptomeninges']. The pia or the arachnoid ; in the plural {leptomeninges), usually the arachnoid and pia taken together. Leptophonia [lep-to-fo'-ne-ah) [AfTrrof , delicate ; ^unrli, voice]. Delicacy, gentleness, or weakness of the voice. Leptophonic (lep-to-fon'-ik) [/lEjrriif , thin ; ipuyvi), voice]. Having a weak voice. Leptoprosope Uep-top'-ro-sop) [AcTTTdf, thin ; irp6aa- wov, face]. A person, or a head, with a long, narrow face. Leptoprosopia {lep-to-pro-so' -pe-ah\ [Aeirrtif, thin ; TrpiiffUTrov, face]. Narrowness of the face. Leptoprosopic, Leptoprosopous (lep-to-pro-sop' -ik, lep-to-pros' -o-pus) [Ti.t'irTdg, thin; wp6acmov, face]. Having a long, narrow face. Leptorhine {lep' -ior-iri) [/len-TiSf, thin; pif. nose]. Having a slender nose or proboscis. See Index. Leptorrhinia (lep-tor-in'-e-aK)\}£T:T6q, thin ; jii'f, nose]. Narrowness of the nasal bones, or smallness of the nasal index. Leptorrhizous {lep-tor-i' -zus) [/leTrrdf, thin ; ;5tfa, root] . Having a slender root. Leptosporangiate (lep-to-spo-ran' -je-at) [AcTTTiif, slen- der ; OTtopa, seed ; 0776101', vessel]. In biology, having sporangia formed from a single cell. Leptothrix {lep' -to-thriks) \\fKr6(;, thin ; 0/D('f, hair]. A genus of bacteria, whose elements form straight fila- ments, often of great length ; possibly indistinguishable from the genus Bacillus. ll. buccalis, occasionally found in the mouth, plays a part in the formation of dental tartar and in the production of caries of the teeth. L. gigantea, found in tartar of the teeth. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Leptotrichia (lep-to-trik' -e-ah) [;iE7rT(if , delicate ; 0pif , hair]. Abnormal or excessive fineness and delicacy of the hah. Leptoxylem {lep-to-zi' -lem) [/l£7rri5c, slender; ^vkm, wood]. In biology, undeveloped or rudimentary xylem. Leptus {lep'-tus) [AeTrrdf, thin]. A genus of beetles. L. autumnalis, harvest bug ; mower's mite. A para- site that burrows under the skin, causing lesions similar to those of itch. See Parasites {Animal), Table of. Lerema {ler-e'-mah) [^^p^/ia, idle talk : pi , Zeremata']. An idle or childish utterance, as in senility, idiocy, or dementia. Leresis {ler-e' -sis') \Xiifyqc!vq, a speaking foolishly]. Gamilousness ; insane or senile loquacity. Leros (/if'-roj) [A^pof, foolish speaking]. Slight delirium, with talkativeness. Lerp [Australian]. A kind of manna found upon the Eucalyptus dumosa, or mallee, an Australian shrub. L.-amylum, CgHijOj, a peculiar carbohydrate found in the thready portion of lerp. Lesage, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Lesbian Love '^ka^mq, Lesbian]. See Tribadism. Lesbianism (les'-be-an-izm) [?iitJJ3iog, Lesbian]. The doctrine of Lesbian love. Leschenema {les-ken-e'-mah) [Xiaxr/, talk ; ?:.eaxv^^- tiv, to chat]. Insane, senile, or hysteric loquacity. Lesion (/if' -2^««) \lcEsio ; Icedere, to huit]. Any injury, hurt, or wound in any part of the body. In pathology, any morbid change, L., Central, one affecting the central nervous system. L. of Continuity, a division or break in any part that is normally continuous. L., Diffuse, one involving all the tissues of an organ. L., Focal, in the nervous system a circumscribed lesion giving rise to distinctive and localizing symp- toms. L., Initial, of Syphilis, the chancre. L., Irritative, in the nervous system a lesion exciting the functions of the part wherein it is situated. L. of Nutrition, any pathologic alteration in the capillary sys- tem, consisting of increase or decrease in the amount of blood required for assimilation and absorption. L., Organic, a morbid structural change in the tissues of an organ. L., Peripheral, a lesion of the nerve- trunks or of their terminations. L., Primary, of the Skin, the changein the skin occurring in the devel- oping stage.of aslcin-disease. This may be manifested by the macule, the papule, the tubercle, the pomphus, the phyma, the vesicle, the bulla, the pustule. L., Primary, of Syphilis. See L., Initial. L., Sec- ondary. I . In the skin, the change occurring in the primary lesion, due to irritation or other causes. It com- prises erosions, ulcers, rhagades, squamae, cicatrices or scars, crusts, and pigmentation. 2. One of the second- ary lesions of syphilis. See Syphilis. L., Systematic or Systemic, in the spinal cord a lesion affecting one or more distinct systems or tracts, as in posterior sclero- sis, in which the posterior columns or tracts are dis- eased. L., Traumatic, one due to an injury. Lesser's Triangle. See Triangles, Table of. Lethal {le'-thal) \letalis ; letum, or lethum, death]. Deadly ; pertaming to or producing death. Lethal {le'-thal) \\i]Bri, forgetfulness], CjjH^gO. An alcohol found m spermaceti. Lethality {le-thal' -it-e) \lethalitas, from letum, death]. Deadliness. Lethargic {leth-ar' -jik) \XriBapym6g, from /liyflv, a for- getting]. Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, lethargy. Lethargogenic {leth-ar-go-jen' -ik) \\iiSapyoq, forget- ful ; ytvmv, to produce]. Giving rise to lethargy. Lethargus {leth-ar' -gus). See African Lethargy. Lethargy {leth' -ar-je) [XT/Bapjia ; /l^ft?, forgetfulness]. A condition of drowsiness or stupor that cannot be overcome by the will. See, also, Somnambulism. L., African, the African sleeping-sickness. L. of Silk- worms. See Flacherie. Lethe {le'-the) [^^ft?, forgetfulness]. Total loss of mem- ory; amnesia. Letheomania {le-the-o-ma' -ne-ah) [Midri, oblivion ; fiavia, madness]. Morbid longing for narcotic drugs. Letheon {le'-the-on) [TJiBtj, forgetfulness]. An old trade name for ethylic ether, used as- an anesthetic. Lethiferous Ueth-if'-er-us) \yfiij, forgetfulness ; ferre, to bear]. Producing sleep. Letificant {le-tif'-ik-ant) \lcetificare , to make glad]. A term applied to any remedy acting as a stimulant tonic in melancholy and languor. Lettered {let'-erd) [littera, a letterl. In biology, pos- sessing markings that resemble letters. Letterwort {let'-ter-wert). Same as Hellebore, q. v. Lettuce (/if/'-aj). ?iee Lactucarium. Letzerich, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatii Table of. LEUBE and RIEGEL'S test-dinner 672 LEUKOCYTIC Leube and Riegel's Test-dinner. A dinner to ascer- tain the condition of the secretory function of the stomach. It consists of 400 c.c. of beef-soup, 200 grams of beefsteak, 50 grams of white bread, and 2CX) c.c. of water. Leube's Pancreatic Meat-emulsion. See Alimenta- tion^ Rectal. Leuc-. For words thus spelled and not found below see Leuk-. Leuca (leu'-kaK). Synonym of Leprosy, q. v. Lreucaethiops (lu-se'-the-ops) [Xeij/cdf, white; AWioiji, Ethiopian]. An albino of the black race. Leuce [lu'-se) [Xew/o?; Aev/cdf, white]. White leprosy ; also morphoea alba. Leucemia (lu-se'-me-aK). See Leukemia. Leuchemia (lu-ke'-me-ah). See Leukemia. Leucin (lu'-sin) [Aeu/cdf, white], CgH^NOj. A crys- talline substance identical with amido-caproic acid, occurring in the pancreas, spleen, thymus gland, and other parts of the body. It is a product of pancre- atic digestion. It may occur in the urine, especially in acute yellow atrophy of the liver and in yellow fever. In the impure form it crystallizes in rounded fatty-looking lumps often aggregated and at times ex- hibiting radiating striation. When pure, it forms very thin, white, glittering, flat crystals, very soluble in hot water, and oily to the touch. See Scherer's Test in Tests, Table of. Leucinosis [lu-sin-o'-sis') [/tev/cdf, white]. i. Abnor- mally excessive proportion or production of leucin, as in the liver. 2. Acute yellow atrophy of the liver. Leucism, Leucismus {lu'-sizjn, lu-siz'-mus) [/.eu/ciif, white]. In biology, whiteness resulting from bleach- ing or etiolation ; albinism. Leucitls (lu-si'-tis). Same as Sclerotitis. Leuco- {lu'-ko-^. For words not found under this form see Leuko-. Leucomain {lu'-ko-msn). See Leukomain. Leukangeitis [lu-kan-je-V-Hs). Synonym of Lym- phangitis, q. V. Leukanilin {lu-kan' -il-iii) [AEuiciif, white ; anilin'\, Cj,,- HjjNj. A substance obtained by digesting the fuchsin salts with ammonium sulphid. It occurs as a white, flocculent precipitate which separates from water in small crystals. It yields rosanilin by oxidation. Leukasmus [lu-kaz'-mus). See Leukoderma. L,, Acquired. See Leukoderma. L., Congenital. See Albinismus. Leukemia [lu-ke'-me-ah) [Aemiif, white; miia, blood]. A disease of the blood and the blood-making organs, characterized by a more or less permanent increase in the number of white blood- corpuscles and the marrow of bone, and by enlargement of the spleen and the lymphatic glands, together or sepa- rately. The etiology is obscure ; a history of malaria or syphilis has been present in some of the cases. The most characteristic symptom is the increase of white corpuscles in the blood. Instead of the ordinary ratio of white to red — I to 500-1000 — it may be I to 20, i to 10, or even I to i. Interesting changes are seen in the relation of the various forms of leukocytes established by Ehrlich (see Leukocyte) . In the myelo-splenic form of the disease, the lymphocytes are only slightly, if at all, increased. The eosinophiles are present in much larger numbers than normally. The polynuclear neu- trophile forms are not increased. In addition to these, cells not seen in normal blood are found — the myelo- cytes, large mononuclear leukocytes, filled with neu- trophile granules. They are held to originate in the bone-marrow. There is a moderate oligocythemia and a corresponding reduction in the amount of hemo- globin. The liver and the kidney may be the seats of a diffuse lymphatic infiltration ; more rarely there are distinct lymphatic tumors. Charcot-Leyden crystals can be found in the blood after death. Fever, dizziness, and hemorrhage, and a peculiar form of retinitis, are often present. The disease is usually fatal. Leukemic (Ju-ke'-mik) [/letjfcijf, white ; ol/za, blood]. Pertaining to leukemia. Leuko- (lu'-ko-) [AeuKiif, white]. A prefix signifying white. Leukoblast (lu' -ko-blast) [Aewiif , white ; ^%xust6^, germ]. 1. The germ of a leukocyte ; also, a leukocyte itself. 2. A cell in bone-marrow, of a type that is believed to become developed into a red blood-corpuscle. Leukocarpous [lu-ko-kar' -pus) \\tvK6i, white ; Kapjrdg, fruit]. In biology, bearing white fruit. Leukochroos, or Leukochrus (lu-kok'-ro-os, lu-kok'- rus) [XevKdf, white ; xp^it skin] . Having a white skin. Leukocotin, or Leukocotoin (lu-ko-ko'-tin, lu-ko-ko- to' -in) [Af-u/c. .^thiopum, African cachexia. L. dolens puerperarum. Same as Phlegmasia alba dolens, q. v. L., Essential, a form in which there is a rapid and widespread swell- ing, with fever, chills, and scanty urine. L., Hys- teric, a peculiar form occurring in hysteric patients. L., Primary. See Z. , Essential. L., Urinary, anasarca following suppression of urine. pep. Leukopiper {lu-ko-fii' -per) \7i£m6q, white ; pipei per]. Whitepepper. Leukoplakia Qu-ko-pla' -ke-aK) \\m\ul>^, white; n-Adf, surface]. Whitening of a surface. L. buccalis, a chronic superficial glossitis characterized by the pres- ence of pearly-white or bluish-white patches on the surface of the tongue. This condition is also called Leukoma and lingual psoriasis. It is a rare affection in individuals under twenty, and in women. It is due to some irritant cause, such as the smoking of a pipe and the wearing of tooth-plates. TABLE OF LEUKOMAINS. Name. Formula. Discoverer. Source. Physiologic Action. Amphi-creatinin. QHwNjO,. Gautier. Muscle. Carnin. C7H8N4O3. Weidel. Meat-extract. Non-poisonous. Cruso-creatinin. CsHsNiO. Gautier. Muscle. Gerontin. CbHuNj. Grandis. Liver of dog. Poisonous; paralyzes nerve-centers. Guanin. CsHbNbO. Unger. Animal and vegetable tissues ; guano. Non-poisonous. Heteroxanthin. CaHeNjOa. Salomon. Urine. Hypoxanthin. CbHiNjO. Scherer. Brain, muscle, kidney, liver, spleen, certain plants, etc. Non-poisonous; exci to- motor. Methyl-hydantoin. C^HeNaOj. Guaretchi and Mosso. Fresh meat. Parareducin. CeHoNaO. Thudichum. Urine. Paraxanthin. CjHaNiOj. Thudichum, Sal- omon. Urine. Poisonous. Protarnin. Miescher. Spawn of salmon. Pseudoxanthin (?) C4H6N6O. Gautier. Muscle. Reducin (?) CijHjiNeOB. Thudichum. Urine. Salamandarin. CatHeoNjOs. Zalesky. Salamander. Poisonous. Sarcin or sarkin. See Hypoxanthin. Spermin. CiiHsN (?) Schreiner. Semen, testicles ; Charcot- Leyden crystals ; tissues in leukemia. Non-poisonous. Unnamed. CsHsNOa. Pouchet. Urine. Unnamed. CiH^NiOz. Pouchet. Urine. Unnamed. CuHmNioOs. Gautier. Muscle. Unnamed. CijHffiNnOB. Gautier. Muscle. Unnamed. C,3H2,N202(C5.H8,N808PS). Eliacheff. Normal urine. Slightly poisonous. Unnamed. C„Hj5N,Oa. Eliacheff Urine in tuberculosis. Poisonous. Urethrobromin. See Paraxanthin. Xanthin. CsH^N^Oii. Marcet. Most animal tissues ; certain plants ; certain calculi. Slightly poisonous; mus- cle-stimulant. Xanlho-creatinin. C6H)„N,0. Gautier. Muscle. Poisonous. Leukophlegmatic (lu-ko-fleg-mat' -Hi) [Aeu/ciif , white ; (pMyfia, phlegm]. Affected with or pertaining to leu- kophlegmasia. Leukophlegmatodes {lu-ko-Jleg-mat-o' -dli) . See Leu- kophlegmatic. Leukophthalmous {lu-koff-thaV -mus) \\zvK6q, white ; b(l>0aX/i6(, eye]. Having unusually white eyes. Leukophyl {lu'-ko-fil) IXevicdc;, white ; (piMov, leaf]. In biology, a chlorophyl-producing chromogen believed to exist in etiolated plants. Leukoplaques [lu' -ko-plaks) [XenKiif , white ; Tr/ldf , sur- face]. The white patches of Leukoplakia buccalis, q.it. Leukoplasia [lu-ko-pla' -ze-aK). See Leukoplakia. Leukoplast, or Leukoplastid {lu-ko-plast' , or lu-ko- plast'-id) \_\evK6(, white ; TrXicauv, to form]. In biology, one of the starch-forming, colorless, proteid bodies found in cells not exposed to light ; arayloplast. Leukoplaxia {lu-ko-plaks' -e-ali). See Leukoplakia. Leukopleurous {lu-ko-plu'-rus)\}sviil>q,yih\tSi irJi^vpiv, rib]. Having white sides or flanks. LEUKOPODIOUS 675 LEYDEN Leukopodious, Leukopodous (lu-ko-po' -de-its, lu-kop'- o-dus) [^wmif, white; itahq, foot]. Having white feet. Leukopogous {lu-kop'-o-gus) [^eu/ciif, white ; ■Kbywiv, beard]. White-bearded. Leucopous [fu'-ko-pus). See Leukopodous. Leukops Uu' -hops') \%mK6i, white; ^V> ^y^]- An individual having white eyes. Leukopterous (Ju-kop'-ter-us) [Aem^j, white; izrepdv, wings]. In biology, possessing white wings. Leukorrhagia (iu-ior-a'-je-aA)[?,evK6g, white ; /teyvivai, to burst forth]. An excessive leulcorrheal flow. LeukoTrhea (lu-kor-e'-ah) [/lemiif, white ; /iota, a flow]. A whitish muco-purulent discharge from the female genital canal, popularly called ' ' the whites. ' ' L., Cer- vical, that due to disease of the cervix uteri. L., In- fantile, a form occurring in female infants, due to lack of cleanliness, to irritant urine, or to worms. L., Men- strual, a variety occurring in young anemic girls at the menstrual period, instead of the menses. L. nabothi, a sero-sanguineous discharge occurring for two or three days before labor. L.. masculina syphilitica. Syno- nym of Gonorrhea, q. v. Li. of Pregnancy, a vaginal discharge in the pregnant woman. It is more abundant than in the non-pregnant state, and. is sometimes confounded with hydrorrhcea gravidarum. L., Periodic, a periodic form coinciding with the menstrual periods. L., Uterine, L., Vaginal, L., Vulval, forms due to uterine, vaginal, and vulval in- flammation respectively. Leukorrheal (Ju-kor-e'-al) [^uKiif, white ; poia, flow]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, leukorrhea. Leukosarcotna (lu-ko-sar-ko' -niaK) [^fu/cdf, white; ., Duct of. SeeZ>uet. Liatris {li-a'-tris) [origin unknown]. A genus of com- posite-flowered herbs. L. cylindrica, L. elegans, and L. spicata are diuretic ; L. scariosa and L. squar- rosa are popularly esteemed as remedies for rattlesnake - bite. L>. odoratissima, southern vanilla, contains cumarin, the flavoring principle of the tonka bean. Unof. Libanotus (Jib-an-o'-tus) [Xi^avardg, from V-^avog, frankincense]. An old name for olibanum. Libanus [lib'-an-us) [Tii^avo^, frankincense]. Frankin- cense, or olibanum. Libavius, Fuming Liquor of. An old name for anhy- drous stannic chlorid. JJ.h&T (le'-ber) [L.]. A book. L. pharmaceuticus, a dispensatory. Liber (li'-ber) [liber, the inner bark of a tree]. The inner layer of the bark in Gymnosperms and Dico- tyledons. Liberation [lib-er-a' -lion) [liberare, to make free]. The act of freeing. L. of the Arms, in breech- presentations, the bringing down of the arms of the fetus when they have become extended along the sides of the child's head. Liberomotor i^lib-er-o-mo' -tor) [liberare, to disengage ; motor, mover]. Setting free or disengaging motor energy. Libidinous [lib-id' -in-us) [libidinosus, lustful]. Char- acterized by strong sexual desire. Libido {lib-id' -o) [L.]. Desire j lust. L. intestini, desire for defecation. L. sexualis, lust. L. urinse, desire to urinate. Liborius, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Libra (le'-braK) [libra, a balance]. A weight of twelve troy ounces, or 5760 grains. Also, applied to the avoirdupois pound of sixteen ounces, or 7000 grains. Libriform [lib' -rif-orm) [liber, inner bark ; forma, form]. In biology, resembling liber or bast. L. Cells, those cells of the wood that are excessively thick-walled and resemble bast or liber-fibers. Lice (Aj). See Louse. License [li'-sens] [licentia, license]. An official per- mit or authority conferring on the recipient the righ1| and privilege of exercising his profession. Licentiate [li-sen' -she-dt) [licentiatus, one licensed]. A term sometimes applied to a person who practises a profession by the authority of a license. Lichen [li'-ken) \\uxhv, a lichen]. A generic term for a well-defined group of inflammatory affections of the skin, in which the lesions consist of solid papules throughout the entire course of the disease. L. acuminatus, a variety of L. ruber in which the papules are acuminate. It is usually a very acute variety, accompanied by grave constitutional symptoms (rigors, pyrexia, sweats, prostration), and by itching. The papules are minute, firm, conic, capped with scales, very closely aggregated, but can generally be recognized as surrounding tlie hair-follicles. L. agrius. See Eczema papulosum. L. annulatus serpiginosus. See Seborrhosa corporis. L. Carrageen, Irish moss. L. cirbinatus serpiginosus. See Se- borrha:a corporis. L. circumscriptus. Same as /,. circinatus serpiginosus. See also Eczema papulosum. L. confertus, a form characterized by the presence of superficial papules occurring in clusters. L. corneus, a form in which there are elevated horny patches. L. diabeticorum. See Xanthoma diabeticorum. L. disseminatus, a variety in which the lesions are irregularly scattered over the body. L. ferox or L. ferus. S&tL. agrius. L.gyratus. See Seborrkaa cor- poris. L. haemorrhagicus, a petechial papular erup- tion. L. inveterata, a chronic intractable form, with marked thickening of the skin. L. lividus, a severe form of purpura in which hemorrhage occurs into the lesions around the follicles. L. menti. See Sycosis. L. obtusus. Lichen ruber obtusus ; a variety of L. planus in which the lesion consists of medium-sized papules, hemispherically formed, flattened on the top, and marked in the center by a fine indentation, hard, dry, smooth, wax-like, translucent to brownish- red, and scaleless. The disease is less acute than L. acuminatus, itches less, and is mostly circumscribed. The hair and nails never suifer. L, pilaris. Lichen spinulosus ; Lichen spinosus ; an inflammatory disease of the hair-follicles, in which a spinous epidermic peg occupies the center of the papule. It is a rather rare disease and occurs mostly in children. The papules appear in crops, each one being the size of a pin's head, red, conic, and containing in its center a horny spine that projects about one-sixteenth of an inch. There is little or no itching. See also Keratosis pilaris. L. planus. Lichen ruber planus ; Lichen psoriasis; an inflammatory skin-disease, with an erup- tion made up of papules that are broad and angular at the base, flat and apparently glazed on the summit, slightly umbilicated, and of a dull purplish-red color. These lesions are usually symmetrically disposed, andare generally situated on the flexor surfaces of the forearms, about the wrists, the flanks, around the waist, and the knees, and calves, and also on the mucous membranes. The papules may be discrete or may coalesce, and itch- ing may be slight or severe. L. planus verrucosus, a late stage of L. planus, characterized by wart-like en- largements of the papillas, which are covered with dense horny crusts of a dirty-lilac hue. They are usually seen on the lower part of the leg. L. psoriasis. See L. planus. L, ruber. Lichen ruber acuminatus; a very rare skin-disease, with lesions consisting, in the beginning, of discrete, miliary, conic papules, but, as the disease advances, becoming aggregated and form- ing continuous red, infiltrated, and scaling patches. The whole surface may eventually become involved. The nails of the fingers and toes become affected, be- ing of a dirty-brown color, rough, flaky, and breaking off short. The etiology and pathology of this condition are obscure. L. ruber acuminatus. See Pityriasis rubra pilaris and Lichen ruber. L. ruber moniliformis, a rare variety in which, besides the ordinary papules and plaques, there are thick moniliform bands in the flexures of the limbs, on the abdomen, and on the neck. L. ruber obtusus. SeeZ. obtusus. L. ruber planus. See L. planus. L. scrof- ulosorum. See L. scrofulosus. L. scrofulosus, L. scrofulosorum ; a form occurring in strumous chil- dren. The eruption is situated on the trunk, especially upon the back, either diffusely or in patches. The papules are very small, pale, conic, and surmounted by fine scales ; they cause no itching, and on fading leave a rather persistent yellowish pigmentation. L. simplex, Gale bedouine ; the papular stage of eczema. See Ecaema papulosum. L. spinosus. See L. pilaris. L. spinulosus . See Keratosis pilaris ixA Lichen pilaris. L. strophulosus. See Strophulus. L. syphiliticus, the minute papular syphilid. See Syphilid, Follicular. L. tropicus. See Prickly Heat. L. urticatus. See Urticaria papulosa. Licheniasis [li-ken-i' -as-is) [Xcix^v, lichen]. The condition of one affected by one of the forms of lichen, L. strophulus. See Lichen strophulus. LICHENICOLOUS 677 LIEUTAUD, UVULA OF Lichenicolous {li-ken-ik' -o-lus) [Aa;t;^v, a lichen ; colere, to inhabit]. Growing as a parasite upon lichens. Licheniform [li-ken' -if-ortn) \\eixTP', lichen, tree-moss ; forma, form]. Shaped like a lichen. Lichenin (li' -ken-in) [^xixfiv, lichen], CgH^jOj or Cj,- HjjOij. Moss-starch; a starch-like body found in lichens, especially in Cetraria, Ramalina, Usnea, Parmelia, Cladonia, and in Corsican moss {Ahidium helminthockorton). lodin imparts a dirty-blue color to it. It is insoluble in cold water, but forms a jelly with hot water. See Cetraria ; also. Carbohydrates, Table of. Lichenism [W -ken-izni) [Tieix^j lichen]. In biology, the special form of consortism or symbiosis exhibited by algae and fungi in lichens. Cf. Schwendener' s Theory. Lichenoid {li'-ken-oid) [aej;);:^, lichen ; eHof, like]. I. Same as Dextrolichenin. 2. See Wandering Rash. Lichnoerytbrin {lik no-er'-ith-rin) \\ei.xfn', lichen ; kpvBpdg, red.] A group of red coloring-matters found especially in lichens. Lichnoxanthin (lik-no-zan' -thin) [Xecx^, lichen ; ^avd6(, yellow]. A group of yellow coloring-matters occurring in both the highest and lowest classes of plants, but especially developed in lichens. Lichtheim's Schema. A diagrammatic representation of the centers and pathways concerned in written and spoken language. In the schema, A represents the center for visual memories, and O that for auditory memories. M is the center for muscular memories con- cerned in speech, and W that for muscular memories connected with writing. I is the center for intellectual concepts. Taking the word ' ' bell " as an example, at A will be stored the memory of the appearance of the bell, at that of the sound of the word, at M the memory of the muscular movements necessary to pronounce the word, and at W those concerned in writing it. I re- presents the center of the intellectual concept of the object " bell " — the knowledge of its uses and prop- erties. The lines indicate afferent, efferent, and connecting pathways. ff3/7d Moufh Lichtheim's Schema. Ear EifB Licinium (li-sin'-e-u>n) [Hcium, a thread oi a web : gen., Licinii']. Lint; surgeon's lint or charpie. Lick (lik) [ME., licken, to lick]. To rub with the tongue ; to lap. Licoperdon (li-ko-per' -don). See Lycoperdon. Licorice (lik'-or-is) [ME., licorice, licorice]. See Glycyrrhiza. L., Indian. See Abrus. Lid [ME., lid, lid]. See Eyelid. L.-cells, in biology, the "stigmatic cells " which for a time close the neck of the archegonium in cryptogamic plants. L.-clamp. See Blepharostat. Lie (//) [ME., lien, to lie]. I. To rest in a recumbent position. 2. A popular name for a " gift-spot " or white spot upon a finger nail. Lieberkiihn's Reflector [le' -ber-ken) [after Lieber- kiihn, a German physician]. A device attached to a microscope for the purpose of throwing light upon opaque objects. L.'s Ampulla. See Ampulla. L., Crypts of. See Crypt. L., Glands of. See Gland. L.'s Jelly, an insoluble variety of alkali-albumin formed by adding strong potash to undiluted white of egg. Liebermann's Reaction. See Tests, Table of. Liebig (le'-big). A celebrated German chemist and physiologist. L.'s Beef-tea, the soluble extractive matter of lean meat. It is prepared by macerating a pound of lean meat, free from fat and cut into small pieces, in a pint of cold water, in which rt\_xxx of hydrochloric acid and gr. xl of sodium chlorid have been dissolved. The liquid is expressed and strained. L.'s Bouillon. See Bouillon. L.'s Extractum camis, a proprietary preparation con- sisting of the soluble fibrin of meat with the natural mineral salts and a flavoring principle, osmazome. L.'s Foods, those infant-foods in which the starch is to a great extent converted into sugar by malting. L.'s Infants' Food, a highly nutritious food made in the following manner : Mix well ^ ounce of ground malt with ^ ounce of wheat-flour and 7^ grains of potassium bicarbonate ; add I ounce of water and 5 ounces of fresh cow's milk. Warm over a slow fire, and keep stirring until it begins to thicken. Remove from the fire, stir for five minutes, replace it on the fire, and remove it as soon as thick. As the starch is converted into dextrin and sugar by the diastase of the malt, it will become a thin and sweet liquid. Then, finally, boil it well. Strain through muslin. L.'s Method, a method of estimating the chlorids in the urine, by precipitation by mercuric nitrate. See also Urea. Liebreich's Bandage. See Bandage. L.'s Solution, a solution of cantharidinate of potassium for hypo- dermatic injection in the treatment of tuberculosis. Cantharidin 2, hydrate of potassium 4 (or hydrate of sodium 3), distilled water 200. Heat to solution and add distilled water q. s. to 10,000. Dose by hypodermatic injection, }4 io ^ c.c. (8 to 16 minims)'. It causes transudation of blood-se:rum at the seat of the tuberculosis. Lien (li'-en) [L.]. The spleen. L. mobile. See Wandering Spleen. Lienal (li'-en-al) \lien, the spleen]. Relating to the spleen. Lienculus {li-en'-ku-lus) [dim. of lien, spleen: pi., Lienculi"]. A detached part or exclave of the spleen. Lienic [li-en'-ik) \lien, a spleen]. Pertaining to the spleen. Lienitis [li-en-i'-tis) [lien, spleen ; (Tif , inflammation]. Splenitis. Lienocele [li-en' -o-sll) [lien, a spleen ; Ktilri, hernia]. Hernia of some part or of all of the spleen. Lienomalacia [li en-o-mal-a' -se-ah) [lien, spleen ; fia7i.aida, softening]. Morbid softening of the tissue of the spleen. Lienteric (li-en-ter' -ik) [AeJof , smooth ; IvTspov, intes- tine] . Pertaining to or affected with lientery. Lientery [li'-en-ter-e) [Tizloi, smooth ; ivrepov, intes- tine]. A kind of diarrhea in which the food passes rapidly through the bowels without undergoing diges- tion. Liernur System. See Se^uage, Disposal of. Lieutaud, Uvula of. A longitudinal mesial ridge in the trigone of the bladder. LIFE 678 LIFE Life {hf) [ME., lif, life]. The force or principle un- derlying or causing the phenomena of organized beings. The power by which an organism exists and exercises self-movement in response to emotions or sensations and adapts itself to its environment. L., Animal, the functions depending directly on the cerebro-spinal nervous system and the voluntary mus- cles, as distinguished fromZ., Vegetative ; that is, the functions of digestion, respiration, reproduction, etc. ; L., Change of, that period in the life of a female at which menstruation ceases ; the climacteric period. L., Duration of. See Probable. L. Everlasting; Cud-weed, the herbs Gnaphalium margaritaceum and G. folycephalum, tonic, astringent, and anodyne. They constitute a domestic remedy of some repute in affections of the chest and bowels. Dose of a decoction fflfl? lib.; of the fld. ext. tT\,xv-!5J. Unof. L.., Expectation of, the average number of years a person is expected to live, as calculated from life-tables. The following table, taken from those constructed by Dr. W. Ogle, of the English Registrar- General's department, shows the average expecta- tion of life at given ages, and also the number of persons of each sex, among every million born at a given time, who may be expected to be alive at the end of each year after that. The figures are based on the death-rates of the years 1871-80 : — Of 1,000,000 born, the num- i ber surviving at the end of each year of life. Mean after-lifetime (expectation of life). < Males. Females. Males. Females. 1,000,000 1,000,000 41.35 44.62 I 841,417 871,266 48.05 50.14 2 790,201 820,480 5014 52.22 3 763,737 793,359 50.86 52.99 4 746,587 775,427 51.01 53-20 5 734,068 762,622 50.87 53-08 6 726,815 755,713 50.38 52-56 7 721,103 750,276 49.77 51.94 8 716,309 745,631 49.10 51.26 9 712,337 741,727 48.37 50.53 10 708,990 738,382 47.60 49-76 II 706,146 735,405 46.79 48.96 12 703.595 732,697 45-96 48.13 13 701,200 730,122 45 II 47.30 14 698,840 727,571 44.26 4647 '5 696,419 724,956 43.41 45-63 16 693,695 722,084 42.58 4481 17 690,746 718,993 41.76 44.00 18 687,507 715,622 40.96 43-41 19 683,941 711,946 40.17 42-43 20 680,033 707,949 39-40 41.66 21 675.769 703,616 38.64 40.92 22 671,344 699,141 37.89 40.18 23 666,754 694,521 37-15 39-44 24 661,997 689,759 36.41 38.71 25 657,077 684,858 35.6B 37-98 26 651,998 679,822 34-96 37.26 27 646,757 674,661 34-24 36.54 28 641,353 669,372 33-52 35-83 29 635,778 663,9.59 3281 35." 30 630,038 658,418 32,10 34.41 31 624,124 652,747 31.40 3370 32 618,056 646,957 30.71 33-00 33 611,827 641,045 30.01 32-30 34 605,430 635,003 29-33 31-60 35 598.S60 628,842 28.64 3090 36 592,107 622,554 27.96 30.21 37 585,167 616,144 27.29 29-52 38 578,019 609,599 26.62 28.83 39 ,570,656 602,924 25.96 28.15 40 563,077 596,113 25.30 27.46 41 555,254 589,167 24,65 26.78 42 547,288 582,104 24.00 26.10 43 539.161 574,919 23-35 25.42 44 530,858 567,612 22.71 24-74 45 522,374 560,174 22.07 24.06 46 513,702 552,602 21.44 23-38 47 504,836 544,892 20.80 22.71 48 495,761 537,043 20.18 2203 Of 1,000,000 born, the num- - ber- surviving at the end of Mean after-lifetime each year of life. (expectation of life). < Males. Females Males. Females. 49 486,479 529,048 19.5s 21.36 50 476,980 520,901 18.93 20.68 51 467,254 512,607 18 31 20.01 52 457,022 504,188 17.71 19.34 53 446,510 495,645 17.12 18.66 54 435,729 486,973 16.53 17-98 55 424,677 477,440 15-95 17-33 56 413,351 467,443 15.37 16.69 57 401,740 456,992 14.80 1606 58 389,827 446,079 14-24 1545 59 377,591 434,695 13-68 1484 60 365,011 422,835 13.14 14.24 61 352,071 410,477 12 60 13-65 62 338,820 397,644 12.07 13.08 ?3 325,256 384,319 11.56 12.51 64 311,368 370.495 11.05 11.96 65 297,156 356,165 10.55 11.42 66 282,638 341,326 10.07 10,90 5' 267,829 325,988 9.60 10.39 68 252,763 310,170 9.14 9.89 69 237,487 293,899 8.70 941 70 222,056 277,225 8.27 8.95 71 206,539 260,207 7-85 8.50 72 190,971 242,934 7-45 8.07 73 175,449 225,497 7.07 7-65 74 160,074 208,003 6.70 725 '1 144.960 190,566 6.34 6.87 76 130,227 173,316 6.00 6.51 U 115,986 156,392 5.68 6.16 78 102,359 139.927 5-37 5.82 29 89,449 124,065 5-07 5-50 So 77,354 108,935 4-79 5.20 81 66,153 94,662 4.51 4.90 82 55,842 81,305 4.26 4-63 l^ 46,489 68,966 4.01 4-37 84 38,132 57.723 3-58 4.12 85 30,785 47,631 3-56 3.88 86 24,436 38,710 3-36 3-66 87 19,054 30,958 3-17 3-46 88 14,576 24,338 2-99 3-26 89 10,926 18,788 2.82 3-08 90 8,015 14,225 2.66 2.90 91 5,748 10,553 2.51 2.74 92 4,025 7,658 2-37 2..S8 93 2,749 5,429 2.24 2-44 94 1,828 3,756 2.12 2-30 95 1,183 2,533 2.01 2.17 96 742 1,661 1.90 2.11 97 452 1,057 l.Sl 2.03 98 266 1.72 1.83 99 151 389 1.65 1-73 100 82 225 1.61 1.62 L., Extra-uterine, post-natal existence. L., Fetal, life of the fetus. L., Intra-uterine, life within the uterus. L., Mean Duration of, the expectation of life at birth. L., Reproductive, L., Sexual, that period of life during which the individual is capable of begetting or bearing offspring. L.-root, ragwort. The herb Senecio aureus gathered in flower ; an expecto- rant, diuretic, alterative, and tonic. It was formerly used by the Indians as a vulnerary, and is a favorite remedy with eclectic practitioners. Dose of a decoction adlib. ; of the fid. ext. TTLxxx-gj ; of a strong tincture, Tt\^viii-xx; of j^«m«, its resinoid, gr. j-iij. L.-table, a table constructed to show the number and ages of the living, and the number and ages of the dying in a com- munity or society. Halley's Life-table, the earliest English table, was constructed in the second half of the l8th century, and suggested De Mowre's Hypothesis.. Price's Northampton Life-table was used by the Equitable Life Assurance Co., of New York, upon its establishment in 1762. These tables were not con- structed by a comparison of the deaths and the living at each age, but from the deaths only ; and as births and. deaths are not equal, and as migration also disturbs the stability of population, these tables are not correct, as they overstate the mortality of young adults LIFT-CURE 679 LIGAMENT and do not dissociate males and females. Dr. Farr constructed three English Life-tables, designated respectively, Nos. I, 2, and 3, and various other tables have been made, called the Healthy Districts, the Upper Class Experience, the Healthy Males, the Clerical Experience-tables, etc. The last note- worthy table is the New English Life-table, by Dr. Ogle, which starts with a million males and a million females and shows the number surviving at each age, and the mean expectation of life at each age. See Life, Expectation of. L.-time, Mean After. Syn- onym of Expectation of life. See Life, Expectation of. L. Vegetative. See L. , Animal. Lift-cure (lift-kur). The therapeutic use of the " health lift" (?. i'.),and of other similar devices. Ligament (lig'-am-ent), Ligamentum (lig-am-en' - turn) [ligamentum; ligare, to bind]. A band of flexible, compact connective tissue connecting the articular ends of the bones, and sometimes enveloping them in a capsule. L., Accessory. See L., Coraco- humeral. L., Acromio-clavicular, a broad liga- ment covering the acromio-clavicular articulation and extending from the clavicle to the acromial process of the scapula. L., Acromio.-clavicular, Inferior, one extending from the clavicle to the acromial process of the scapula, across the lower portion of the acromio- clavicular articulation. L., Alar (of knee), one of the two folds of synovial membrane on either side of the mucous ligament. L., Annular (of radius), that surrounding the head of the radius. L., Annular (of stapes), that extending from the base of the stapes to the oval window. L., Annular, Anterior (of ankle) , the broad ligament covering the anterior surface of the ankle-joint. L., Annular, Anterior (of wrist), a strong ligament extending from the trapezium to the unciform bone, confining the flexor tendons. L., An- nular, External (of ankle), that joining the posterior border of the external malleolus and the external sur- face of the calcaneum. L., Annular, Internal (of ankle), one joining the internal malleolus and the inner surface of the os calcis. L., Annular, Posterior (of carpus) , a strong ligament reaching from the styloid process and lower end of the radius, across the back of the wrist to the styloid process of the ulna. L., Anterior (of ankle), a small ligament in front of the ankle-joint. L., Anterior (of elbow), that extend- ing from the coronoid process of the ulna to the coronoid fossa of the humerus. L., Anterior (of knee), the ligamentum patellae. L., Anterior (of malleus), that extending from the spine of the sphenoid to the anterior portion of the head and neck of the malleus. L., Anterior (of uterus), one of the fibrous and peritoneal folds extending from the bladder to the uterus. L., Anterior (of wrist), a strong, broad ligament extending from the anterior surface of the upper row of carpal bones to the lower ends of the ulna and radius. L., Arcuate, one of the arched ligaments extending from the body of the diaphragm to the last rib, and to the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra. L., Arnold's. See L., Suspensory (of incus). L., Arterial, the fibrous remains of the ductus arteriosus. L., Aryteno-epiglottic, one of the ligamentous folds joining the epiglottis and the aryte- noid cartilage. L., Arytenoid, Inferior , one of the false vocal bands. L., Astragalo-calcaneal, External, that joining the external surface of the astragalus and the outer margin of the calcaneum. L., Astragalo- calcaneal, Internal, one extending from the os calcis to the posterior margin of the sustentaculum tali. L., Astragalo-calcaneal, Posterior. See Z., Calcaneo- astragaloid. Posterior. L., Astragalo-navicular, Superior. Sie& L.,Astragalo-scaphoid, Superior. L., Astragalo-scaphoid, Internal, one joining the inner surfaces of the astragalus and the scaphoid. L., Astrag- alo-scaphoid, Superior, one joining the anterior ex- tremity of the astragalus and the upper surface of the scaphoid. L., Atlanto-axial. See L., Atlo-axoid. L., Atlanto-axial, Deep. See L. , Atlo-axoid, Ante- rior. L., Atlanto-axial, Posterior, one joining the neural arches of the atlas and the axis. L., Atlanto- axial, Superficial. See L., Atlanto-axial, Anterior. L., Atlanto-occipital. See L., Atlo-occipital. L., Atlanto-occipital, Posterior. See L., Occipito-at- lantal. Posterior. L., Atlo-axoid, that joining the atlas and the axis. L., Atlo-axoid, Anterior, that joining the ventral margins of the atlas and the axis. L., Atlo-occipital, that joining the atlas and the occiput. L., Auricular, Anterior, a broad ligament extending from the zygoma to the cauda heli- cis. L., Auricular, Posterior, one reaching from the mastoid process to the posterior surface of the ear. L., Auricular, Superior, a portion of the temporal fascia, inserted into the upper portion of the cartilage of the ear. L. of Barkov?, ligamentous fibers in the fatty tissue in the upper portion of the olecranon fossa. L., Bellini's. SteL., Tendino-trochanterian. L., Ber- lin's, the ilio-femoral ligament. L. of Bigelow. See L. , IKo-femoral. L., Broad (of liver), a broad fold of peritoneum extending from the diaphragm to the upper surface of the liver. L., Broad (of lungs), one of the folds of the pleura, connecting the lower surfaces of the lungs with the diaphragm. L., Broad (of uterus), a fold of peritoneum extending laterally from the uterus to the pelvic wall. L., Burns' (^//^»). ?ittL.,Hey's. L., Calcaneo-astragaloid, Internal. See L., As- tragalo-calcaneal, Internal. L., Calcaneo-astrag- aloid, Interosseous, that uniting the calcaneum and the astragalus. L., Calcaneo-astragaloid, Posterior, one joining the calcaneum and the posterior border of the astragalus. L., Calcaneo- cuboid, Dorsal. See L., Calcaneo-cuboid, Superior. L., Calcaneo-cuboid, Internal, one joining the in- ner surfaces of the calcaneum and the cuboid. L., Calcaneo-cuboid, Interosseous. SeeZ., Calcaneo- cuboid, Internal. L., Calcaneo-cuboid, Long, one running from the under surface of the calcaneum to the under surface of the cuboid. L. , Calcaneo-cu- boid, Short, a thick ligament extending between the OS calcis and the under surface of the cuboid. L., Calcaneo-cuboid, Superior, one attached to the dor- sal surface of the calcaneum, and inserted into the dorsal surface of the cuboid. L., Calcaneo-fibular, that joining the apex of the external malleolus to the outer surface of the calcaneum. L., Calcaneo- navicular, Inferior. See L., Calcaneo-scaphoid, In- ferior. L., Calcaneo-scaphoid, Dorsal. See L., Calcaneo-scaphoid, External. L., Calcaneo-scaphoid, External, that extending from the calcaneum at its articulation with the astragalus to the external surface of the scaphoid. L., Calcaneo-scaphoid, Inferior, one joining the anterior and inner end of the calca- neum to the under surface of the scaphoid. L., Cal- caneo-scaphoid, Interosseous. SeeZ., Calcaneo- scaphoid, External. L., Calcaneo-scaphoid, Plan- tar. See Z., Calcaneo-scaphoid, Inferior. L., Cal- caneo-scaphoid, Superior. SeeZ., Calcaneo-scaph- oid. External. L., Camper's, the deep layer of the perineal fascia covering the bulb of the urethra and the crura of the penis. L., Capsular, a heavy fibrous structure surrounding an articulation, and lined by synovial membrane. L., Carcassonne's. See Z. , Pubo-vesical, Middle. L., Carpal, Anterior, that covering the palmar surface of the carpus. L., Carpal, Common, the annular ligament of the wrist- LIGAMENT 680 LIGAMENT joint. L.., Carpal, Dorsal, short ligaments binding together the dorsal surfaces of the carpal bones. L., Carpal, Posterior. See L., Annular, Posterior (of carptis). L., Carpo-metacarpal, Dorsal, those join- ing the dorsal surfaces of the carpal and metacarpal bones. L., Carpo-metacarpal, Interosseous, one joining the os magnum and the unciform to the third and fourth metacarpal bones. L., Carpo-metacarpal, Palmar, those joining the palmar surfaces of the metacarpal to the carpal bones. L., Caudal, fibrous tissue uniting posteriorly the two lower vertebrse of the coccyx. L., Check, one controlling the move- ments of a joint. L., Ciliary. See Z. pectinatum. L., Cleido-costal. See L., Rhomboid. L., Col- ics'. See L., Triangular. L., Conoid, the inner portion of the coraco- clavicular ligament. It is at- tached to the coracoid process of the scapula and the coronoid tubercle of the clavicle. L., Cooper's Suspensory. ?iee L., Suspensory [of Mamma). L., Coraco-acromial, a triangular-shaped ligament ex- tending from the tip of the acromial process to the outer surface of the coracoid process of the scapula. L.., Coraco-clavicular, that joining the coracoid pro- cess of the scapula and the clavicle. L., Coraco- humeral, that joining the coracoid process of the scapula and the upper and posterior portion of the capsule of the shoulder-joint and the upper part of the humerus. L., Coracoid, a fibrous structure forming the scapular foramen, extending from the coracoid process to the supra-scapular notch. L., Corniculo- pharyngeal, ligamentous fibers extending from the comicula of the larynx to the walls of the pharynx. L., Coronary [of knee), short fibers binding the semilunar cartilages to the head of the tibia. L., Coronary (of liver), a peritoneal fold extending from the posterior edge of the liver to the diaphragm. L., Coronary (of radius). See L., Annular (of radius). L., Costo- central, ligamentous tissue binding the head of a rib to the vertebral body. L., Costo-central, Anterior, a fan-shaped ligament extending from the verte- brse and the inter-vertebral cartilages to the head of the rib. L., Costo-clavicular. See L., Rhomboid. L., Costo-colic. Siee L.,Phrenico-colic. L., Costo- coracoid, that joining the first rib and the coracoid process of the scapula. L., Costo-pericardiac, that joining the upper costo-stemal articulations with the pericardium. L. , Costo-stemal, Anterior, a fibrous structure joining the sternum and the anterior edges of the cartilages of the true ribs. L., Costo-stemal, Posterior, one joining the sternum and the posterior surface of the cartilages of the true ribs. L.., Costo- transverse, one of the ligaments binding the ribs to the adjacent transverse processes ot the dorsal verte- brse. L., Costo-transverse, Anterior. See L., Costo-transverse, Superior. L., Costo-transverse Interosseous, ^ze L., Costo-transverse, Middle. L., Costo-transverse, Long. See L. , Costo-transverse, Superior. L., Costo-transverse, Middle, one run- ning between the anterior surface of the transverse process of a dorsal vertebra and the neck of the adja- cent rib. L., Costo-transverse, Posterior, one joining the transverse process of a dorsal vertebra and ■the tubercle of the adjacent rib. L., Costo-trans- verse, Superior, one extending between the lower margin of the transverse process of a dorsal vertebra, and the crest on the upper margin of the neck of the subjacent rib. L., Costo-vertebral, one of those binding the ribs to the adjacent vertebree. L., Costo- vertebral, Interarticular, one of the strong ligaments joining the dorsal intervertebral fibro-cartilages and the crests on the heads of the ribs. L., Costo-xiphoid, fibrous tissue binding the cartilages of the sixth and seventh ribs to the xiphoid cartilage. L., Cotyloid, a ring of fibro-cartilaginous tissue at the margin of the acetabulum. L., Cowper's. Same as L. , Pubic. L., Cranio-vertebral, one of those extending between the cranium and the vertebrae. L., Crico-ar3rtenoid, Posterior, one of those joining the cricoid and aryte- noid cartilages posteriorly. L., Crico-pharyngeal, that extending between the upper and posterior margin of the cricoid cartilage and the anterior pharyngeal . wall. L., Crico-Santorinian, one of those binding together Santorini's cartilages and the cricoid cartilage. L., Crico-thyroid, one of those joining the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. L., Crico-thyroid, Anterior, one on the anterior surfaces of the cricoid and thy- roid cartilages. L., Crico-thyroid, Middle, the crico- thyroid membrane. L., Crico-tracheal, that joining the cricoid cartilage and the uppermost tracheal ring. L., Crucial (o/'fl^/oj). ?!ee L. , Cruciform. L., Cru- cial (of the fingers), one of the small ligaments running obliquely on the palmar surface of the phalangeal joints. L., Crucial, Anterior, the smaller crucial ligament of the knee, extending from the upper sur- face of the tibia to the inner surface of the external condyle of the femur. L., Crucial, External. See L., Crucial, Anterior. L., Crucial, Internal. See L., Crucial, Posterior. L., Crucial, Posterior, one extending from the popliteal notch of the tibia, and the external semilunar cartilage, to the anterior portion of the internal condyle of the femur. L., Cruciate, a Y-shaped process of the deep fascia of the leg, situated at the bend of the ankle. It extends from the internal malleolus to the external surface of the anterior portion of the calcaneum. L., Cruci- form, a cross-shaped ligament, formed by the trans- verse ligament of the atlas and a vertical band of fibers extending from the middle of this ligament to the body of the axis. L., Cuneiform, Interosseous. 'i^^ L., Intercuneiform. L., Deltoid. S&&L., Lat- eral Internal (of ankle-joint). L., Dentate. See L., Denticulate. L., Denticulate, a band of fibrous connective tissue passing from the arachnoid to the pia in the interval between the anterior and posterior nerve-roots. L., Douglas's, the folds of peritoneum extending between the dorsal surface of the uterus and the ventral surface of the rectum L., Duodeno- renal, a peritoneal fold joining the transverse meso- colon and the parietal peritoneum in the region of the right kidney. It forms the posterior boundary of Wins, low's foramen, L. of Ellis. See L. of the Rectum. L., External (of malleus), that running from the outer wall of the tympanum to the crista capitis mallei. L., Falciform, a sickle-shaped expansion of the great sacro-ischiatic ligament, extending along the inner margin of the tuberosity and inferior ramus of the ischium. L., Falciform (of liver). See L., Broad (of liver). L. of Fallopius. See L . , Pouparf s. L., False (of bladder), one of the peritoneal folds radiat- ing from the urinary bladder. L., False, Superior (of the bladder), one of the peritoneal folds, running in the median line, from the fundus of the blad- der to the umbilicus. L., Femoral. See Z. , Hefs. L., Flood's, the gleno-humeral ligament. L., Gastro-colic, the fold of the great omentum attached to the colon and the stomach. L., Gastro-hepatic, the fold of the great omentum attached to the stomach and the liver. L., Gastro- lienal. See- Z. , Gastro-splenic. L., Gastro-pan- creatic, a sickle-shaped peritoneal fold joining the posterior surface of the stomach and the anterior surface of the pancreas. L., Gastro-phrenic. See Z., Phrenico-gastric. L., Gastro-splenic, a peritoneal fold joining the gastric cul-de-sac and the LIGAMENT 681 LIGAMENT Ligaments of Elbow- joint. [. Humerus. 2. Ulna. 3. Radius. 4. External lat- eral ligament. 5. Orbicu- lar ligament. 6. Posterior ligament. 7, 8. Condyles of humerus. 9. Interos- seous membrane. Right Knee-joint, Internal Ligaments, Anterior View. 1. Lower extremity of femur. 2. Anterior crucial ligament.- 3. Posterior crucial ligament. 4. Transverse ligament. 5. Intercondylai: fossa. 6. Semi- lunar fibro-cartilages (inter- nal). 7 Semi-lunar fibro-car- tilages (external). 8. Liga- mentum patellae. 9- Tubercle of tibia. 10. Capsular liga- ment. II. Interosseous mem- brane. Ligaments of Right Knee- joint, Posterior View. i. Posterior ligaments, or liga- mentum Winslowii (oblique fasciculus). 2^ Tendon of semi-membranous muscle. 3. Tibia. 4. Bursa. 5. Internal lateral ligament. 6. Long ex- ternal lateral ligament. 7. Short external lateral liga- ment. 8 Popliteus muscle. 9. Posterior, or internal cru- cial ligament. «. Anterior common ligament. b. Anterior occipito-atloid lig- ament, c. Anterior common ligament (continuation), d. Anterior atlo-axial ligament. e. Capsular ligament, f. Syn- ovial membrane, g'. Lateral ocdpito-atloid ligament. Ligaments of the Shoulder- joint. I. Superior acromio-clavicular liga- ment. 2. Coraco-clavicular. 3- Coraco-acromial 4. Transverse. 5. Capsular, 6. Coraco-hiiiheral- 7. Tendon of long head of biceps. . Anterior c o m - mon ligament. 2. Anterior costo- vertebral^ or stel- late ligament. 3. Anterior costo- transverse liga- ment. Ligaments of the Costo-vertebral Articulations. 3-. Ligaments of the Occipito-atloid Joint. Ligaments of the Pelvis, Posterior View. I. Articular surface of sacrum for last lumbar vertebra. 2. Coccyx. 3. Crest of ilium. 4. Tuberosity of ischium. 5. Great sacro-sciatic foramen. 6. Lesser sacro-sciatic fora- men. 7. Great trochanter. 8. Posterior sacro-ihac ligament. 9. Posterior inferior spine of ilium. 10. Supra-spinouS liga- ment. II- Obturator membrane. 12. Lesser sacro-sciatic foramen. 13, 14. Great sacro-sciatic ligament. 15. Lesser sacro-sciatic ligament. 16. Spine of ischium. :, Front View, ING THE LIGA- 5 AND iNSfiR- DF Muscles. hyoides. C. tk. id cart. Corp, _orpustriticeum or lesser cornu of the bvoidbone. Cr. Cri- coid cart. C. tr. Tracheal cartilage. Lig. thyr.-hyoidmed. Middle thyro-hyoid ligament. Lie:, th.-k. lat. Lateral thyr(> hyoid ligament. Lig, cric.-thyr. med. Middle crico-thyroid muscle. iiga'ment. "Lig.'cricArach. Crico-tracheal ligament. M. st.-h. Srerno-hyoid" muscle. M. ih.-hyoid. Thyro-hvoid -r-—-^ M. st.-tk. Sterno-thyroid muscle. M. cr.-th. Crico-thyroid muscle. LIGAMENT 682 LIGAMENT hilum of the spleen. L. of Gerdy, the suspensory ligament of the axilla, extending from the coracoid process to the skin surrounding the hollow of the axilla. L., Gimbernat's, a triangular expansion of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, con- nected anteriorly to Poupart's ligament and attached to the ilio-pectineal line. L., Gleno-humeral, a portion of the coraco-humeral ligament, attached to the inner and upper portion of the bicipital groove. L., Glenoid, one of those joining the phalanges (pal- mar surfaces) and the coiTesponding metacarpal bones. L>., Glenoid [of scapula), a ring of fibro -cartilaginous tissue attached to the rim of the glenoid fossa. L., Glosso-epiglottic, an elastic ligamentous band connecting the epiglottis to the hyoid bone. L., Glosso-epiglottidean. See L. , Glosso-epiglottic. L., Helmholtz's, that portion of the anterior ligament of the malleus that is attached to the spina tympanica major. L,., Hepatico-colic, a peritoneal fold join- ing the under surface of the right lobe of the liver and the ascending meso-colon. L., Hepatico- duodenal, a peritoneal fold running from the transverse fissure of the liver to the duodenum. It forms the anterior boundary of Winslow's foramen. L., Hepatico-renal. See Z., Hepatico-colic. L., Hey's, also called the femoral ligament ; a sickle- shaped expansion of the fascia lata. L., Hunter's, a term for the round ligament of the uterus. See L. , Round (of uterus'). L., Hyo-epiglottic, one joining the under surface of the epiglottis and the upper sur- face of the hyoid bone. L., Ilio-femoral, a strong ligament extending from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the lesser trochanter and the intertrochanteric line. L., Ilio-femoral, Anterior, the anterior portion of the ilio-femoral ligament. L., Ilio- femoral, Inferior. See L., Ilio-femoral, Anterior. L., Ilio-femoral, Lateral. See L., Ilio-femoral, Superior. L., Ilio-femoral, Superior, one extend- ing from the anterior inferior spine of the ilium to the proximal end of the anterior intertrochanteric line. L., Ilio-lumbar, a ligament extending from the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the iliac crest and the anterior surface of the sacro-iliac synchondrosis. L., Ilio-lumbar, Inferior. See L., Ilio-lumbar. L., Ilio-lumbo-vertebral. See L., Ilio-lumbar. L., Ilio-pectineal, that portion of the pelvic fascia extending from the ilio-pectineal line to the capsular ligament of the hip. L., Ilio-pubic, See Z. , Pouparfs. L., Ilio-sacral, Anterior. See Z., Sacro-iliac, Anterior. L., Ilio-sacral, In- terosseous. See Z., Sacro-iliac, Interosseous. L., Ilio-sacral, Long Posterior. See L., Sacro-iliac, Oblique. L., Ilio-sacral, Short Posterior. See Z., Sacro-iliac, Short. L., Ilio-trochanteric. See Z. , Ilio-femoral, Superior. L., Inferior (of glottis'), one of the inferior or true vocal bands. L., Inferior (of malleus), one extending from the handle of the malleus to the outer wall of the tympanum. L., Infun- dibulo-ovarian, that portion of the free edge of the broad ligament of the uterus extending between the infundibulura and the pelvic end of the ovary. L., Infundibulo-pelvic, that portion of the free edge of the broad ligament of the uterus joining the infundib- ulum and the pelvic wall. L., Inguinal. See Z. , Poupart's, L., Inguinal, External, the part of Poupart's ligament running from the anterior superior iliac spine to the fascia lata. L., Interarticular [of hip). See Z. teres, L., Interarticular [of ribs). See Z., Costo-vertebral, Interarticular, L., Inter- chondral, one of those joining adjacent costal carti- lages. L., Interclavicular, one joining the sternal extremities of the clavicles and the sternum. L., Intercostal, one of those joining adjacent ribs. L., Intercostal, External, one of those filling the intercostal spaces externally between the sternum and the intercostal muscles. L., Intercostal, In- ternal, one of the fibrous bands uniting adjacent ribs. L., Intercrural, one of those connecting the laminae-of the vertebrae. L., Intercuneiform, one of those joining the cuneiform bones of the tarsus. L., Interhyal, one in the embryo joining the malleus and the stylohyal cartilage. L., Interlobular, a pro- longation of the pleura, between the lobes of the lungs. L., Intermetacarpal, one of those joining the metacarpal bones. L., Intermetacarpal, Dorsal, one of four ligaments running transversely across the dorsal surfaces of the upper ends of the metacarpal bones. L., Intermetacarpal, Palmar, one of those joining the palmar surfaces of the upper ends of the metacarpal bones. L., Intermetatarsal, one of those joining the metatarsal bones. L., Intermeta- tarsal, Dorsal, a ligament6us structure joining the dorsal surfaces of the bases of the metatarsal bones. L., Intermetatarsal, Plantar, one of those joining the plantar surfaces of the upper ends of the metatarsal bones. L., Intermuscular, a fascial prolongation between muscles. L., Interosseous, Inferior Tibio-fibular. See Z., Tibio-fibular Interosseous, Inferior. L., Interspinal. See Z., Interspinous . L., Interspinous, one extending between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrje. L., Intertransverse, one extending between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae. L., Ischio-capsular, one extending from the isch- ium, near the acetabulum, to the zona orbicularis. L., Ischio-femoral, one running from the ischium to the great trochanter. L., Jugal (of larynx). See Z., Crico-Santorinian. L., Lateral (of liver') , oTie of the peritoneal folds between the sides of the liver and the under surface of the diaphragm. L., Lateral, Ex- ternal (of ankle) , that running between the external malleolus and the calcaneura. L., Lateral, External (of carpuS), that extending from the scaphoid bone to the styloid process of the radius. L., Lateral, External [of elbow), that extending from the annular ligament of the radius to the external condyle of the humerus. L., Lateral, External (of jaw), that extending from the lower border of the zygoma to the outer surface of the neck of the inferior maxilla. L., Lateral, External [of knee) ,\!a.&'i joining the head of the fibula and thfe internal condyle of the tibia. L., Lateral, External [of mrist). See Z., Lateral, Ex- ternal (of carpus), L., Lateral, Internal (of ankle- joint), one joining the internal malleolus, and the astragalus, calcaneum, and scaphoid. L., Lateral, Internal (of carpus), a ligamentous cord joining the styloid process of the ulna, the pisiform bone, and the anterior annular ligament. L., Lateral, Internal (of elbow) , one extending from the coronoid process of the ulna and the inner edge of the sigmoid fossa, to the internal condyle of the humerus. L., Lateral, In- ternal (of jaw) . See Z. , Lateral, Internal (of Tern- poro-maxillary articulation). L., Lateral, Internal (of knee) , one extending from the internal condyle of the femur to the internal condyle and shaft of the tibia. L., Lateral, Internal (of temporo-maxillary articulation), one extending from the inferior maxilla, near the inferior dental foramen, to the spinous pro- cess of the sphenoid bone. L., Lateral, Long Ex- ternal (of knee), one running from the external condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula. L., Lateral, Short External [of knee-joint), one ex- tending from the head of the fibula to the external condyle of the femur and posterior portion of the LIGAMENT 683 LIGAMENT capsular ligament. L., Lateral, Short Internal (of knee-joint) , one joining thie upper portion of tlie tibia and tlie internal fibro-cartilage. L., Lauth's, the transverse ligament of the atlas. L>., Longi- tudinal [of liver). See L., Broad (of liver). L., Lumbo-costal, the anterior edge of the lumbo-dor- sal fascia. L., Lumbo-iliac. See L., Ilio-lumbar. L., Lumbo-sacral, a part of the ilio-lumbar, extending from the sacrum to the ilium, across the sacroiliac synchondrosis. L., Mauchart's. Same as i. , Odontoid, Alar. L., Metacarpal, Trans- verse, one joining the distal extremities of the four inner metacarpal bones. L., Metacarpo-phalan- geal, Anterior. See L., Glenoid. L., Metacarpo- phalangeal, Lateral, one joining the lateral surfaces of the phalanges and metacarpal bones. L., Meta- tarsal, Interosseous, one of those joining adjacent metatarsal bones. L., Metatarsal, Transverse, one uniting the distal extremities of the metatarsal bones. L., Metatarso-phalangeal, Lateral, one joining the lateral surfaces of the phalanges and metatarsal bones. L., Metatarso-phalangeal, Plantar, one of those joining the plantar surfaces of the phalanges and metatarsal bones. L., Mucous (of knee-joint), a fold of synovial membrane extending from the intercon- dyloid fossa to the lower margin of the patella. L., Naviculo-cuboid, one of those between the scaphoid and cuboid bones. L., Naviculo-cuneiform, one of those joining the scaphoid and cuneiform bones. L., Oblique (of forearm). See L., Round (of fore- arm). L., Obturator, the obturator membrane. L., Obturator, External. See L. , Occipito-atlantal, Posterior. L., Occipito-atlantal, Lateral, one of those joining the transverse processes of the atlas to the jugular processes of the occipital bone. L., Oc- cipito-atlantal, Posterior, one joining the dorsal arch of the atlas and the posterior margin of the great foramen. L., Occipito-atloid, Anterior, a liga- ment joining the anterior arch of the atlas to the anterior margin of the great foramen. L., Occipito- axial. See L., Occipito-axoid. L., Occipito-axoid, a strong ligament attached to the clivus of Blumen- bach above and to the body of the axis and adjoining vertebra below. L., Odontoid, any one of the broad, strong ligaments arising on either side of the apex of the odontoid process and connecting the atlas with the skull. L., Odontoid, Alar. See L., Odontoid, Lateral. L., Odontoid, Lateral, one of the ligaments joining the condyles of the occiput and the odontoid process of the axis. L., Odontoid, Middle, one joining the anterior margin of the great foramen and the tip of the odontoid process. L., Omoclavicular. See L., Coraco-clavicular. L., Orbicular (of radius). See Z., Annular (of radius). L., Ovarian, a band of muscular fibers, extending from the posterior surface of the uterus on either side to the ovary. L., Palmar. SeeZ., Glenoid. L., Palpebral. See Z., Tarsal. L., Palpebral, External, that joining the outer margin of the orbit and the tissues of the eye-lid. L., Palpebral, Internal, one extending from the nasal pro- cess of the superior maxilla to the lacrymal spine of the lacrymal bone and the inner end of the tarsal cartilage. L. patellae, a strong fibrous structure, extending from the tubercle of the tibia upward to become the tendon of the quadriceps extensor muscle ; it embraces the patella. L., Patellar, Lateral, one of those joining the sides of the condyles of the femur and the patella. L. pectinatum, the spongy tissue at the junction of the cornea and sclera in the sinus of the anterior chamber of the eye. It forms the root of the iris. L., Phalan- geal, Anterior, one of the ligaments on the palmar and plantar surfaces of the phalanges. L., Phalan- geal, Lateral, one of those joining the sides of contigu- ous phalanges. L., Phrenico-colic, a peritoneal fold joining the diaphragm and the splenic flexure of the colon. L., Phrenico-gastric, a peritoneal fold be- tween the diaphragm and the cardiac end of the stom- ach. L., Phreno-colic. See Z., Phrenico-colic. L., Phreno-splenic. See Z., Suspensory (of spleen). L., Plantar, Deep. See Z., Calcaneo-cuboid, Short. L., Plantar, Long. See Z., Calcaneo-cuboid Long. L., Plantar, Short. See Z., Calcaneo-cuboid, Short. L., Pleuro-colic. See Z., Phrenico-colic. L., Pos- terior (of ankle-joint), a transverse ligament cover- ing the ankle-joint posteriorly. L., Posterior (of elbow), a ligament covering the elbow posteriorly. L., Posterior (of incus), one joining the horizontal process of the incus and the posterior tympanic wall. L., Posterior (of knee-joint), one bounding the knee posteriorly. L., Posterior (of malleus), the posterior portion of the external ligament of the malleus. L., Posterior (of sacro-coccygeal articula- tion). See L., Sacro-coccygeal, Posterior. L., Pos- terior (of wrist), one covering the dorsal surface of the carpus. L., Poupart's, the ligament extending from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the spine of the pubis and the pectineal line. It is the lower portion of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. L., Pterygo-maxillary, one joining the apex of the internal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid and the posterior extremity of the internal oblique line of the lower jaw. L., Pubic, a. portion of the fascia lata attached to the crest of the pubes. L., Pubic, Anterior, a band of fibrous tissue covering the anterior surface of the pubis. L., Pubic, Inferior, a triangular ligament, extending from the symphysis of the pubis to the rami of the pubic bones. L., Pubic, Posterior, one covering the symphysis pubis posteriorly. L., Pubic, Superior, one extending across the upper sur- face of the symphysis pubis. L., Pubo-femoral, one joining the margin of the obturator foramen, the pectineal eminence and the superior ramus of the pubis with the lesser trochanter of the femur. L., Pubo-prostatic, the anterior true ligament of the bladder. L., Pubo-vesical, Middle, in the female, a ligament between the anterior surface of the bladder, the inferior pubic ligament and the crura of the clitoris. L., Pulmonary. See L., Broad (of lung). L., Pylori-colic, one running from the pyloric end of the stomach to the transverse colon. L., Radio- carpal. See L., Lateral, External (of carpus). L., Radio-ulnar, Anterior, a ligament uniting, ante- riorly, the lower end of the ulna and the anterior edge of the sigmoid cavity of the radius. L., Radio-ulnar, Posterior, one joining the posterior surface of the lower end of the ulna, and the posterior margin of the sigmoid cavity of the radius. L., Radio-ulnar, Round. See L., Round (of forearm). L. of the Rectum, that part of the recto-vesical fascia extend- ing to the side of the rectum. L. of Retzius, the outer portion of the anterior annular ligament of the leg. L., Rhomboid, one joining the cartilage of the first rib and the tuberosity of the clavicle. It is a part of the costo-clavicular ligament. L., Round (of fore- arm) , one joining the coronoid process of the ulna and the tuberosity of the radius. L., Round (of hip). See Z. teres. L., Round (of liver), a fibrous cord running from the umbilicus to the notch in the ante- rior border of the liver. It represents the remains of the obliterated umbilical vein. L., Round, Posterior, a muscular band extending from the posterior surface of the uterus through the broad ligament to the sub-peri- toneal pelvic fascia. L., Round (of stiperior radio- ulnar articulation). See L., Round (of forearm). LIGAMENT 684 LIGAMENT L., Roniii (of uterus) , a ligament running from the anterior surface of tlie cornu of the uterus, through the inguinal canal to the mons veneris. L., Sacro- coccygeal, Anterior, a two-headed ligament extend- ing from the first vertebra of the coccyx to the last sacral vertebra anteriorly. L., Sacro-coccygeal, Lateral, one of those joining the sides of the sacrum and the transverse processes of the coccygeal vertebrse. L., Sacro-coccygeal, Posterior, one extending from the lower portion of the sacrum over the posterior sur- face of the coccyx. L., Sacro-iliac, Anterior, a thin fibrous structure covering the pelvic surfaces of the sac- rum and ilium. L., Sacro-iliac, Interosseous, one joining the sacrum and ilium. L., Sacro-iliac, Long, See X., Sacro-iliac, Oblique. L., Sacro-iliac, Ob- lique, a portion of the posterior sacroiliac ligament, arising from the posterior spine of the ilium. L., Sacro-iliac, Posterior, one extending from the side of the sacrum to the posterior spines of the ilium. L., Sacro-iliac, Short, that extending from the posterior inferior iliac spine to the side of the sacrum. L., Sacro-ischiatic, Great. See L. , Sacro-sciatic , Great, L., Sacro-ischiatic, Lesser, one extending from the spine of the ischium to the point of junction of the sac- rum and coccyx. L., Sacro-sciatic, Anterior. See Z. , Sacro-ischiatic, Lesser. L., Sacro-sciatic, Great, a triangular-shaped ligament extending from the sacrum, coccyx, and inferior iliac spine, to the tuber- osity of the ischium. L., Sacro-sciatic, Large. See L., Sacro-ischiatic, Great. L., Sacro-sciatic, Lesser. See Z. , Sacro-ischiatic, Lesser. L., Sacro-sciatic, Posterior. See Z., Sacro-ischiatic, Great. L., Sa- cro-sciatic, Small. See L., Sacro-ischiatic, Lesser. L., Sacro-spinal. See Z., Sacro-ischiatic. L., Sacro-spinous. See Z., Sacro-ischiatic. L., Sacro- vertebral. See Z. , Lumbosacral. L. of Schlemm, a ligament of the shoulder-joint. L., Spheno-max- illary. See Z., Internal Lateral (of temporo-max- illary articulation). L., Spiral, one attached to the wall of the cochlea. L., Stellate. See Z., Costo- central. Anterior. L., Sternal, Anterior, one con- necting the manubrium and the gladiolus, anteriorly. L., Sternal, Posterior, one joining the posterior surfaces of the two upper bones of the sternum. L., Sterno- clavicular, Anterior, a fibrous structure extending anteriorly from the sternum to the inner end of the clavicle. L., Sterno-clavicular, Posterior, one joining the clavicle and the sternum posteriorly. L., Steirno-costal, Anterior. See Z., Costo-sternal, Anterior. L., Sterno-costal, Posterior. See Z., Costo-sternal, Posterior. L., Sterno-xiphoid. See Z., Sternal, Anterior. L., Stylo-hyoid, a fibrous cord extending from the apex of the styloid process of the temporal bone, to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone. L., Stylo-maxillary, a ligament joining the styloid process of the temporal bone and the under surface of the posterior margin of the ramus of the in- ferior maxilla. L., Stylo-myloid. See Z., Stylo- maxillary. L., Sub-pubic. See Z., Pubic, Inferior. L., Superior (of clitoris), one extending from the clitoris over the ijulb of the vagina, and blending with the perineum. L., Superior (of incus). See Z., Suspensory (of incus). L., Superior (of malleus) , a. round ligament extending from the head of the malleus to the upper and outer wall of the tympanic cavity. L., Supra-scapular. See Z., Coracoid. L., Supra- spinal, one uniting the apices of the spinous processes of the vertebrse. L., Supra-spinous. See Z., Supra- spinal. L., Suspensory (of bladder). See Z., False, Superior (of bladder) . L., Suspensory (o/" f/jVora) , one attaching the clitoris to the lower portion of the symphysis pubis. L., Suspensory (of crystalline lens), the zonule of Zinn. L,, Suspensory (of dia- phragm), that portion of the prevertebral fascia, attaching the center of the diaphragm to the bodies of the last cervical and first dorsal vertebrae. L., Sus- pensory (of humerus). See Z. , Coraco-humeral. L., Suspensory (of incus), Arnold's ligament, con- necting the body of the incus with the roof of the tympanum. L., Suspensory (of liver). See Z., Broad (of liver). L., Suspensory (of malleus). See Z., Superior (of malleus). L., Suspensory (of mamma), a fibrous band extending from the fascia above over the anterior surface of the mamma. L., Suspensory (of mesentery) ,\ht root of the mesentery. L., Suspensory (of penis), that attaching the upper portion of the dorsum of the penis to the anterior sur- face of the symphysis pubis. L., Suspensory (of spleen), a. peritoneal fold attaching the spleen to the lower surface of the diaphragm. L., Suspensory (of uterus). See L., Proad (of uterus) and L., Round (of uterus). L., Tarsal, the tarso-orbital fascia. L., Tarso-metatarsal, Dorsal, one of those joining the metatarsal and tarsal bones. L., Tarso-metatarsal Interosseous, External, that joining the external surface of the external cuneiform bone and the third and fourth metatarsal bones. L., Tarso-metatarsal Inter- osseous, Internal, one joining the internal cuneiform and second metatarsal bones. L., Tarso-metatarsal Interosseous, Middle, one joining the external cuneiform and second metatarsal bones. L., Tarso- metatarsal, Plantar, one of those joining the plantar surfaces of the tarsal and metatarsal bones. L., Tendino-trochanterian, Bellini's ligament, a strong ligament extending from the capsule of the hip-joint to the greater trochanter of the femur. L. teres, a rounded fibrous cord attached to the center of the articu- lar surface of the head of the femur, and extending to the margin of the cotyloid notch of the acetabu- lum. L., Thyro-arytenold. See Vocal Bands. L., Thyro-arytenoid, Inferior, one of the inferior or true vocal bands. L., Thyro-arytenoid, Superior, one extending between the inner surface of the upper por- tion of the thyroid cartilage and the anterior surfaces of the apices of the arytenoid cartilages. L., Thyro- epiglottic, one extending from the notch between the wings of the thyroid cartilage to the apex of the epi- glottis. L., Thjrro-hyoid, the thyro-hyoid membrane. L., Thyro-hyoid, Lateral, one of those joining the tips of the greater cornua of the hyoid bone and the superior cornua of the thyroid cartilage. L., Thyro- hyoid, Middle, the center line of the thyro-hyoid membrane. L., Tibio-fibular, Inferior Posterior, one at the lower tibio-fibular articulation, running obliquely downward from the tibia to the fibula. L., Tibio-fibular, Inferior Transverse. See Z., Tibio- fibular, Transverse. L., Tibio-fibular Interosse- ous, one extending between the tibia and the fibula. L., Tibio-iibular Interosseous, Inferior, one joining the tibia and the fibula at their lower extremities. L., Tibio-fibular, Posterior Inferior. See Z., Poste- rior (of lower tibio-fibular articulation). L., Tibio- fibular, Posterior Superior, one joining the poste- rior surface of the external tuberosity of the tibia and the head of the fibula, posteriorly. L., Tibio-fibular, Superior Posterior. SeeZ., Tibio-fibular, Posterior Superior. L., Tibio-fibular, Transverse, one ex- tending between the lower posterior border of the tibia and the external malleolus. L., Tibio-tarsal, one extending from the lower anterior margin of the tibia to the upper surface of the astragalus. L., Transverse (of acetabulum). See Z., Transverse (of hip-joint). L., Transverse (of atlas), one at- tached to two small tubercles on tne inner surface of LIGAMENTAL 685 LIGHT the atlas, and surrounding the odontoid process of the axis. L., Transverse (of hip-joint'), one extending across the cotyloid notch of the acetabulum. L,., Transverse (o^^»«-^«»/), one extending from the anterior margin of the external semilunar fibro-carti- lage to the extremity of the internal semilunar fibro- cartilage. L.., Transverse, Medial (of tarsus), one extending from the first cuneiform to the bases of the third and fourth metatarsal bones. L., Transverse (of shoulder-joint). See L., Coraco-acromial. L., Transverso-costal. See L., Costo-transverse. L., Trapezoid, the anterior or external portion of the coraco-clavicular ligament, extending from the upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula, to the under surface of the clavicle. L., Triangular : i. The coraco-acromial ligament, q.v. 2. That portion of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle extending from the outer portion of Poupart's ligament to the linea alba. L., Triangular (of liver). See Z., Lat- eral (of liver). L., Triangular, Anterior (of pelvis). ^eeL., Pubic, Inferior. L., Utero-rectal. See Z., Utero-sacral. L., Utero-sacral, one of the recto- uterine folds of peritoneum. L., Utero-vesical, one of the folds of peritoneum connecting the bladder to the uterus. L., Vertebral, Posterior, one extend- ing from the axis to the sacrum, along the posterior surface of the bodies of the vertebrae. L., Vesico- uterine. See i., Utero-vesical. L., Weitbrecht's. A bundle of fibers upon the anterior aspect of the interosseous ligament of the radio-cubital articulation. L., Winslow's, the posterior ligament of the knee-joint. See L., Posterior (of knee-joint). L., Y-shaped (of Bigelow), the Ilio-femoral ligament. L. of Zinn, the tendinous origin of the external, in- ferior, and internal recti muscles of the eye. Ligamental (lig-am-en'-tal), Ligamentary (lig-am- en'-ta-re) [ligare, to bind]. Of the nature of a liga- ment. ^ligamentous (lig-am-en' -tus) \ligamentum, from ligare, to bind]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a ligament. Ligamentum (lig-am-en' -turn) [ L. : pi. , Ligamenta'\ . See Ligament. L. dentis, a name given to that portion of the gum which is attached to the neck of a tooth. Ligation (li-ga' -shun) \ligaHo : ligare, to tie]. The operation of tying, especially of tying arteries. L. of Cord, applying a ligature about the umbilical cord of the new-born child. L., Multiple, the apphcation of several ligatures in the course of a vessel. L. in Continuity, ligation of a vessel in its course for the cure of an aneurysm or to arrest hemorrhage at some distant point. Ligator (li-ga'-tor) [ligare, to bind]. An instrument used in placing and fastening ligatures. Ligature (lig' -at-iir) [ligatura ; ligare, to tie] . A cord or thread of any material for tying arteries, etc. L., Animal, one made from sheepgut or catgut, or the ten- dons or sinews of various animals. L., Articulated, the fecraseur, q. v. L., Aseptic, one rendered free from infective material by soaking in and cleansing with germicidal solutions, or by boiling or heating. L., Buckskin, the first absorbable ligature used by Physick, who employed untanned buckskin. L., Carbolized, a ligature rendered aseptic by carbolic acid. L., Catgut, a ligature made from the middle coat of the sheep's intestine, and rendered aseptic and tough by carbolic acid or perchlorid of mercury. L. , Chromicised, a ligature hardened by treatment with a solution of chromic acid. L"., Deer-skin, a ligature formed of a thin strip cut from prepared deer-skin and rendered aseptic. L., Double, the application of two ligatures to a vessel, between which it is divided. In the case of a pedunculated growth it refers to two ligatures passed through the same opening and tied at opposite sides. L., Elastic, a narrow band or thread of india-rubber applied tightly to a part so as to destroy the tissues and by compres- sion to lead to separation. It is used in the treatment of hemorrhoids, anal fistula, and in the removal of pedunculated growths. L., Erichsen's, one consisting of a double thread, one-half of which is white, the other half black; it is used in the ligation of nevi. L., Hemp, a thread made from hemp-fibers rendered aseptic. L., Horsehair, an excellent ligature formed by plaiting together a number of strands of horsehair. After immersion in oil for some time it becomes ex- tremely supple, and is capable of slow absorption. L., Immediate, a ligature including the vessel alone. L., Intermittent, a tourniquet applied above a poisoned wound to interrupt the blood-current ; it is occasion- ally relaxed to allow of renewal of the circulation. L., Kangaroo, a ligature made from the smaller tendons of the kangaroo's tail, dried and carbolized. It is stouter than the catgut ligature, and is not absorbed so readily. L., Lateral, partial occlusion of the lumen of a vessel by a loose ligature. L., " Loose," a ligature employed by the younger Cline and South. It consists in the application of a thread around an artery so loosely as not to interfere with the passage of the blood. It was erroneously believed to cause an inflammation that would completely block up the ves- sel. L., Mediate, one enclosing some of the soft parts as well as the artery. L., Metallic, one made of silver or other metal. L., Momentary, the momentary application of a tight ligature so as to rup- ture the intima of an artery. L., Ox-aorta, a form of broad ligature introduced by Harwell for the pur- pose of tying an artery without lacerating its inner and middle coats ; it consists of the middle coat of the aorta of the ox, cut spirally, allowed to dry, and, ten minutes before using, soaked in a five per cent, solution of car- bolic acid in water. L., Permanent, one made of non-absorbable material. L., Phlebotomy, the appli- cation of a band to a limb to produce distention of the veins to facilitate venesection. L., Provisional, a ligature applied during an operation, with the intention of removing it before the completion of the operation. L., Quadruple, two double ligatures passed at right angles through a growth and tied in four sections j it is used in the strangulation of nevi. L., Scarpa's, one employed in the ligation of arteries ; it consists of a small fold of linen which is placed against the vessel and over which the ligature is tied. L., Silk, a thread of silk for ligating vessels. L., Silkworm- gut, a material recommended for purposes of ligation by MacSweeny in 1818. It is the fiber drawn out from the silkworm killed when it is just ready to spin its cocoon. L., Soluble, an animal ligature capable of being absorbed. L., Tendon, the tendon, or strips of tendons, of various animals, as those of the kangaroo, deer, and whale, dried and carbolized. L., Wire, a metallic wire for the ligation of arteries and other parts. After its application it is cut short and allowed to become encapsulated. Light (lit) [ME., light, light]. That form of energy which, when impinging upon the retina, gives rise to the sensation of vision. The old theory was the so- called Emission, or Corpuscular Theory, which re- garded light as consisting of minute material particles emitted by the luminous body and giving rise to the sensation of vision by impinging upon the retina. The accepted, or Undulatory, Theory re- gards light as a form of ethereal vibration or undu- LIGHTERMAN'S BOTTOM 686 LILAC lation produced by the luminous body and propagated in all directions with a velocity in a vacuum of about 186,500 miles per second. Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory supposes light to be an " electromagnetic dis- turbance propagated by vibrations at right angles to the direction of the ray, and taking place in the ether, the strains or vibrations of which serve to pro- pagate electromagnetic induction." L., Axial, light- rays that are parallel to each other and to the optic axis ; in microscopy the axial ray of the cone of light must be parallel to the optic axis of the microscope. L.-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. L.-brain, a weak-minded person. L>., Central. See Z. , .<4.x»/. L.., Diffused, that reflected simultaneously from an infinite number of surfaces, or that which has been scattered by means of a concave mirror or lens. L., Dispersion of. See L. , Spectrum of. L., Drummond, that produced by heating lime to incandescence, as in the oxy-hydro- gen flame. L., Electric, that produced by the passage of electricity through a medium having high resistance, such as the carbon-film of the incandescent light, or the interval of air between the carbons of the arc light, the medium of high resistance being heated to white- ness. L. -green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. L.- headed, giddy ; flighty ; delirious. L., Incandes- cent, the incandescence produced as a result of the resistance offered to the passage of an electric current through a delicate film of carbon. L., Incident, or Direct, that falling upon a surface or object. L., Monochromatic, that which, on being analyzed by a prism, consists approximately of waves of one length only. L., Oblique, when parallel rays or the axial ray of a cone of light forms an angle with the optic axis of the microscope. See also Illumination, Oblique. L.- red. 'Sism^as Ocher. L>., Reflected, light thrown upon the object and then thrown back from the object. L., Reflection of, that property by which a ray of light striking an object rebounds, or is sent out again. Rays falling on a plane surface are reflected at an angle equal to that of the incident ray. Objects are perceived by the light reflected by such rays. L., Refraction of, that property by which a ray or pencil of light, when passing through media of different densities, is deflected out of its course. See Law of Refraction. L.-sense, the faculty by which different degrees of light or brightness may be distinguished. L., Spectrum of. See Spectrum, and Wave-lengths. L.-spot, Triangu- lar, the pyramidal spot of light seen on the normal tym- panic membrane, having its apex at the umbo, and its base toward the periphery. L., To Feel ; quickening ; the sensation conveyed to the mother by the move- ments of the fetus in utero. L., Transmitted, the light passing through an object. Lighterman's Bottom. Inflammation of the bursa over the tuberosity of the ischium, from much sitting. Lighting [llt'-ing) [ME., lihtinge, lighting]. The pro- per arrangement of the optic parts of a microscope, with the mirror so that the field is equally illuminated. Lightning {lit'-ning) [ME., light, light]. An at- mospheric discharge of electricity. In the form commonly known as "chain" or "bolt" light- ning, the electricity has an extremely high potential, and a stroke under such circumstances is invariably fatal when the discharge passes through a living body. The form known as " sheet " lightning is a "brush" discharge of low potential, and is harmless. L. Ca- tarrh. Synonyraoi Influenza. L. Pains, the lancinat- ing pains of locomotor ataxia, usually occurring in the thighs, but also at times in the arms, head, and trunk. They are severe and come on in paroxysms, and may or may not follow the course of a nerve or nerves. Lights {hts) [ME., light, light]. The lungs, so-called because of their light weight. Lignaloes (lig-nal' -0%) \lignum aloes']. Same as Agal- lochum and Eagle-wood, q. v. Lignatile IJig' -nat-il) [lignum, wood]. Same as Lig- nicole. Ligneous (lig'-ne-us) [lignum, wood]. Woody, or having a woody texture. Ligneralle's Amputation. See Operations^ Table of. Lignicole (lig' -nik-ol) Lignicoline (lig-nik' -o-lin) [lig- num, vfood; colere, to dwell]. In biology, growing upon wood. Ligniiication Uig-nif-ih-a'-shun) [lignum, wood ; facere, to make]. The process of turning into wood; sometimes also applied to amyloid degeneration, q. v. Ligniform (lig' -mf-orm) [lignum, vrood ; forma, form]. Resembling wood. Lignin (lig'-nin) [lignum, wood], CjsH^jO,,, (?). A modification of cellulose, constituting the greater por- tion of the weight of most dry wood. It has not been isolated. LL, Tests for ; phloroglucin gives a violet color to ligriified cell-walls. Anilin s^ilphate, in sUghtly acidulated solution, gives a bright-yellow color. Lignite (lig' -nit) [lignum, wood]. Brown coal; im- perfectly formed coal, or that in which the original form of the wood is so distinctly preserved that it can be readily distinguished by the eye. It is a source of certain members of the paraffin group of hydro- carbons. See Coal. Lignivorous (lig-niv' -or-us) [lignum, wood; vorare, to eat, to devour]. Applied to such insect larvae, ants, beetles, etc., as devour wood. Lignoin (lig' -no-itt) [lignum, wood], CjjHjjNOj. An alkaloid found in certain Cinchonas. Lignose (lig'-nos). See Cellulose. Lignum (lig'-num) [L.]. Wood. L. agallochum, aloes wood. L. benedictum, guaiac wood. L. cedrium, cedar wood. L. vitae. See Guaiacum. Ligroin (lig'-ro-in) [origin obscure]. A product ob- tained from petroleum, boiling at from 80° to 120° C, and having a specific gravity of from .710 to .730. It is used in pharmacy for solvent purposes, and for burning in sponge-lamps. Ligula (lig'-u-lah) [dim. of lingua, a tongue]. A little tongue or tongue-shaped organ ; the epiglottis ; the clavicle ; the tenia of the fourth ventricle, called also ala pontis or ponticulus. Also, a name given to the tongue of an articulate. See Lingula. In biology, applied to various strap-shaped organs or parts, as the corolla- blade in a plant, or the long tongue-like organ of hymenopterous insects. Also called Ligule. Ligulate (lig'-u-lat) [ligula, from lingua, tongue]. Shaped like a small tongue ; strap-shaped. Ligule (lig'-ill) [ligula, a variety of lingula, a little tongue ; a strap] . Same as Zz^/ffl. Liguliform (Hg-u'-lif-orm). See Ligulate. Ligulin (lig'-u-lin) [ligula, a little tongue]. The col- oring-matter of Levisticum officinale, Koch, and of the berries of the common privet (Ligustrum vulgare). With limestone water it strikes a bright-red color changing to blue, whence it has been used as a test for the presence of limestone in water. Ligusticum (li-gtts' -tik-um) [TiiyvoTrndQ, Ligurian]. A genus of umbelliferous plants : lov^e. L. actaei- folium is carminative and stimulant, as is also L. apiifolium of N. America. Unof. Ligustrum (li-gus' -trum) [L.]. A genus of oleaceous shrubs ; privets. L. vulgare, the common privet, has astringent leaves and bark, and cathartic berries. Unof. 'LWa.c (li'-lok) [Ar., lilak, lilac]. The leaves and fruit of Syringa vulgaris, a bitter tonic, with reputed anti- periodic properties. Unof. LILY OF THE VALLEY 687 LINCTUS Lily of the Valley. See Convallaria majalis. Limb (lini) [ME., lim, a limb], i. A member of an animal body, other than the head or trunk ; a leg or arm. 2. In biology, the lateral area, border, or margin of an organ or part. An organ of prehension or lo- comotion. L., Anterior (of the internal capsule) , the part of the internal capsule in front of the knee, in- cluded between the caudate and the lenticular nucleus. L., Artificial, a mechanical substitute for an arm or a leg. L.-girdle, the bony or cartilaginous junction of a limb and the trunk. L., Pectoral, the upper or fore-limb. L., Pelvic, the lower or hind-limb. L. Plexus, the supposed rearrangement of nerve-strands so as to connect nerves derived from different parts of the spinal cord with particular groups of muscles. L., Posterior (of the internal capsule), the portion be- hind the knee, situated between the caudate nucleus and the optic thalamus. L.-root, the part of a skeleton that bears a limb. Limbate (lim'-bat) [limbus, a border]. Bordered. Limbation (lim-ia'-shun) \limbus, a border]. In bi- ology, the forniation of an extended border ; a lateral thickening. Limbed (limd) [ME.,/«'»«, a limb]. Having limbs. Limbic (lim'-bik) \limbus, a border]. Marginal; per- taining to a border. L. Fissure. See Fissure. L. Lobe, that surrounding the corpus callosum. Limburger Cheese. See Cheese. Limbus (lim' -bus) [L.]. A border. The circumfer- ential edge of any flat organ or part. L. cornese, the edge of the cornea at its jimction with the sclerotic coat. L. laminse spiralis, the spiral mem- branous cushion, at the border of the osseous lamina spiralis of the cochlea. L. luteus. See Macula lutea. L. vieussenii, that portion of the edge of the septum secundum in the fetal heart of the rabbit that forms part of the boundary of the foramen ovale. Lime (hni)\^kx.,limun, a lemon]. The fruit of several species of Citrus, as C. limetta. L.-juice, the juice of the lime. It should contain, when bottled, a small percentage of sulphurous acid, to prevent fermentation. Lime (hm) [ME. , Km, lime] . The popular name for cal- cium oxid, CaO (quicklime), and calcium hydrate, Ca(HO). Calcium oxid (quicklime) has a great affinity for water and for COj. On contact with the former, slaked lime is formed, with the evolution of heat. On living tissues it acts as a caustic. L., Burnt, L., Caustic, calcium oxid, quicklime. L., Chlorid of, L., Chlorinated, the chlorid of lime of commerce, is not a distinct chemic compound ; its chief constituent, • and the one on which its disinfectant properties depend, is calcium hypochlorite, which liberates chlorin. L.- secreting Glands. See Morrens' Glands. L., Milk of, a milky fluid consisting of calcium hydrate suspended in water. L., Quick, L., Slaked, com- mon terms for lime. L.-ointment, an ointment con- sisting of slaked lime 4, lard I, and olive oil 3. L.- water, a solution of calcium hydrate in water. It is astringent and alkaline, and prevents the formation of dense coagula if added to milk. It is used in cases of diarrhea and vomiting. Limen (li'-men) [_Xi/i^, a harbor]. Threshold. Limic (lim' -ii) [Aj^df, hunger]. Pertaining to hunger. himmal (lim'-in-ai) [;i(ju;^, threshold]. Least; lowest; minimal. L. Intensity. See Law, Fechner's. Limitans, Limiting (lim' -it-anz, lim'-it-ing) [Tufi^, threshold]. Bounding. L. Membrane, the thin membrane on which the epithelial tissue of the various glands rests. L. Membrane, External, the thin layer between the outer nuclear layer of the retina and that of the rods and cones. L. Membrane, In- ternal, in the eye, the inner layer of the retina. Limitrophic (lim-it-rof -ik) \limitropus, a name given to Roman lands furnishing subsistence to soldiers]. Regulating the processes of nutrition ; a qualification sometimes applied to the great ganglionic cord of the sympathetic nerve-system, or to that system at large ; pertaining to the sympathetic nerves. Limnemic (lim-ne' -mik) \\ifivr}, marsh]. Pertaining to, or caused by the influence of, a marsh. Limnomephitis (lim-no-mefi'-tis) \Xifi-mi, marsh; me- phitis, noxious odor]. Any miasm or noxious odor arising from marshy ground or swamps. Limoctonia (lim-ok-to' -ne-ah) \\Lfi6^, hunger ; KTtivtiv, to destroy] . Death from hunger ; suicide by hunger. Limonene (li'-mo-nen) \limo, a lemon]. The same as Citrene, q. v. Limonum (li-mo'-num) [L. : gen., Limonis ; from the Arabic limurC\. Lemon. The fruit of Citrus limo- num, of the same genus as the orange and the lime. The rind contains a volatile oil, isomeric with oil of turpentine. The pulp yields about 7 per cent, of citric acid, CjHgO,, which has about the same properties as acetic acid, but has much value as a refrigerant and antiscorbutic. The expressed juice is largely employed as a refrigerant driftk in fevers. L., 01., the volatile oil. Bose n\,j-v. L., Spt., " essence of lemon," 6 parts of oil and 4 of peel in 90 parts of alcohol. L., Succus (B. P.), used in pre- paring syrupus limonis. L., Syr., lemon-juice 40, lemon-peel 2, sugar 60, water q. s. ad 100. Dose 3J- L.,Tinct. (B. P.) Dose gss-ij. Acidi citrici, Syr., citric acid, water, aa 8, spt. of lemon 4, water 980. Limophoitos (lim-o-fo' -it-os), Limophoitosis (lim-o- fo-it-o' -sis) [/li/i(if , hunger ; ^ojTOf , madness] . Insanity due to hunger or lack of nutrition. Limophoitosic (lim-o-fo-it-o' -sik) [X(/ii5f, hunger; ^o«- Tanv, to wander]. Insane from hunger or under- feeding. Limophthisis (lim-off' -this-is) [Ai/iijf, hunger ; ^laiq, wasting]. The wasting of the body due to privation and lack of food. Limopsora (lim-op-so'-rah) [Xifd^, hunger; ip&pa, itch]. A kind of scabies (or pruritus?) asserted to attack man and other animals after long deprivation of food. Limopsorus (lim-op-so' -rus) \\i.ji6q, hunger ; ■^iipa, itch]. A disease, like scurvy, pellagra, or famine- fever, due to poor or insufficient food. Limoseric (lim-o-ser' -ik) [A(^ color]. Any one of the very numerous fatty pigments of the animal economy, such as the chromophanes and lutein. They are fatty pigments characterized by exhibiting absorption-bands, which, though varying somewhat in position according to the solvent em- ployed, are usually situated toward the violet end of the spectrum. Under this class of pigments are in- cluded the luteins. These fatty pigments are found in the blood and viscera of many invertebrates. Lipodermatous {lip-o-der' -mat-us) [Aeotew, to leave ; Sipfia, skin]. Affected with lipodermia. Lipodermia {li-po-der' -me-ah) . See Leipodermia. Lipofibroma {lip-o-fi-bro' -mcih) [/IjTrof, fat ; fibroma, a fibrous tumor]. A lipoma with fibrous elements. Lipogastrosis {lip-o-gas-tro' -sis) [Tteiireiv, to leave ; to be lacking; yaarijp, stomach]. In biology, absence of a proper enteric cavity, or stomach. Lipogenesis {lip-o-jen'-es-is) [ilirrof, fat ; yiveavg, birth]. The formation or deposit of fat. Lipogenous [lip-oj' -en-us) \_'Knr6g, fat ; yevvav, to beget]. Fat-producing. Lipoid (/ijf-oz'rf) [^OTOf, fat; eMof, like]. Resembling fat or oil. Lipoma {lip-o'-mah) [Aotoc, fat; hfia, a tumor://., Lipomata\. A fatty tumor. L. arborescens tuber- culosum, tuberculous disease of a joint, in which the whole inner surface of the synovial membrane is covered with sessile or pedunculated papillomatous growths, small and rather uniform in size. If these become detached they constitute the so-called rice- bodies. L. coUoides, myxo-lipoma. L., Cystic', one containing cysts. L., Fibrous. See Lipofibroma. L., Myxo-, a lipoma containing myxomatous tissue. L., Pendulous, Lipoma pendtdum. L. pendulum, a lipoma having a pedicle. L., Telangiectatic, one containing many dilated blood-vessels. Lipomatoid (lip-o'-mat-oid). See Lipomatous. Lipomatosis {lip-o-mat-o' -sis) [^^'ma/ia, a fatty tumor] . A general deposition of fat ; obesity. Lipomatous {lip-o' -mat-us) [Xinaiia, a fatty tumor] - Of the nature of a lipoma ; fatty. Lipomeria {lip-o-me' -re-ah) [^Xe'meiv, to leave ; /iipog, a part]. A monstrosity having one limb absent. Lipomyxoma (lip-o-miis-o'-mah) [iliTrof, fat ; fiii^a/ia, a myxomatous tumor : //. , Lipomyxomata'\ . A myx- oma with fatty elements. Liposarcous {lip-o-sar'-kus) IXetnuv, to leave ; ffopf , flesh]. Lean; emaciated. Liposis {lip-o' -sis). See Lipomatosis. Lipospongosis {lip-o-spun-go' -sis) \VvKog, fatty; oirdy- yoQ, sponge]. The formation of a fatty or sponge- like outgrowth. Lipostomatous {lip-o-sto' -mat-us) [Tic'mew, to leave ; arbfia, mouth] . Having no mouth. Lipostomosis (lip-o-sto-mo' -sis) \\e'mtiv, to leave ; to be lacking; arAfia, mouth]. In biology, absence of the oral aperture. Lipostomy {lip-os' -to-me) [AeiTrew, to leave ; ardfia, mouth]. Atrophy of the mouth. Lipothymia {lip-o-thi' -me-ah). See Leipothymia. Lipotype (lip'-o-tip) [Aeoteiv, to leave, to be lacking; H'TTog, impression, type]. In biology, a type of or- ganism, the absence of which is characteristic of a particular district or region ; thus the Bovida and Viver- ridce are lipotypes of the neotropic region. Lipoxenous {lip-oks' -en-us) \XtLTzEiv, to leave; ^evog, host] . In biology, applied to a parasite that leaves its host and completes its existence independently. Lippa (lip'-ah). Lippitudo, g. v. Lippia (lip'-e-ak) [after Augustus Lippi, a French phy- sician]. A genus of verbenaceous plants. The leaves of L. mexicana, growing in Mexico and the U. S. , are demulcent and expectorant, and do not nauseate. Dose of the tincture gss-j. L. dulcis and L. graveolens have similar uses. Unof. Lippich's Polarimeter. A polarimeter for the quanti- tative determination of sugar in the urine. Lippiol {lip'-e-ol) \lippia ; oleum, oil]. A medicinal camphor derivable from Lippia mexicana. Unof Lippitude (lip'-e-tud), Lippitudo {lip-e-tu' -do) \lip- pus, blear-eyed ; a watery condition of the eyes] . A condition marked by a moist and raw margin of the eyelids, with a discharge of purulent matter. L. angu- laris, a chronic inflammation of the lids at the external canthus. L. neonatorum, ophthalmia neonatorum. Lipsis {lip' -sis) [Xeii/jjf a leaving] . Cessation ; ending. • L. animi, fainting. Lipuria {lip-u' -re-ah) [AtTrof, fat; dbpm, urine]. The presence of fat in the urine. LIPYL 696 LISTERIAN METHODS Lipyl {lip'-il) \Vmoq, fat; vKi], matter], CgH^. The supposed radicle of glycerin ; also, an old name for glyceryl, C3H5. Liquable {lik' -wah-bl') \liquare, to render liquid]. Capable of being liquefied. Liquamen [lik' -wam-erC) \liqiiare, to render liquid]. The liquid obtained by melting solids. Liquation (lik-wa'-shun) \liquare, to render liquid]. The process of melting. Liquefacient [lik-we-fa' -se-eni) \liquefaciens , liquefy- ing]. 1. Having the power to liquefy or soften. 2. An agent that has the power to liquefy a hard deposit or growth. Liquefaction (lik-ive-fak' -shun) \liquefactio ; lique- facere, to change to liquid form]. The condition of having been changed to a liquid; the process of change into a liquid. L. -necrosis. See Necrosis. Liquefactive (lik-we-fak' -tiv) \_liquefacere, to render liquid]. Pertaining to, causing, or characterized by liquefaction. Liquescent [lik-wes'-ent)[liquescere, to become liquid]. Becoming, or tending to become, liquid. Liqueur [lik-ur') [Fr. for " liquor"]. Any cordial or alcoholic drink ; especially a compound of alcohol with some flavoring-agent, usually a mixture of aro- matic oils ; it is often combined with a bitter substance derived from herbs. Formerly the liquors were used as remedies, but now they are mostly served with the meals. Some are employed as vehicles for various remedies. "LAc^a [lik' -wid) \liquidus ; liquere, to melt]. That form of a substance in which the molecules are in a state intermediate between attraction and repulsion ; a substance that flows and takes the shape of the con- taining- vessel. Water between 0° and 100° C. is the best example. L. Acid-green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. L.-blue. Same as Indigo-blue. L. Gelatin. See Gelatin. L. Glue. See Glue. L., Hager's, a substitute for ammonium sulphid or hydrogen sulphid, made by dissolving 0.2 gram of sulphur lotum in 5 cgm. of carbon bisulphid, and add- ing 5 cgm. of benzene and 10 cgm. of ether. L. Indigo-blue. Same as Soluble Blue. L., May- nard's Adhesive, collodion. L. of Reg^auld. See Anesthetic. Liquidambar (lik' -wid-am' -bar) [liquidus, liquid; ambar, amber]. A genus of hamamelidaceous trees. L. altingia, of Malaysia, affords a portion of commercial styrax. L. orientale, of Asia, affords Styrax, q. v. L. styraciflua, of North America (sweet-gum, bilsted, copalm) affords a stimulant gum, and is useful in diarrheas and in coughs and colds. The name of liquidambar has been applied to the sweet-gale or sweet-fern [Comptonia aspleni- folia) . Unof. Liquidity (lik-wid' -it-e) \liquidus, liquid]. Fluidity; the state of being liquid. Liquiform (lik' -wif-orm) ^liquor, liqaid ; /orma, form]. Of the nature of a liquid. liiquoT (lik'-or or li'-kwor)\l^.']. A liquid. In pharmacy, any solution in water of non-volatile substances, except infusions, decoctions, syrups, but includingthe solution of gutta-percha (in chloroform). There are 20 official liquores ; and a large number besides are given in the " U. S. Dispensatory" from the " National Formu- lary "and the British Pharmacopeia. In anatomy, any fluid of the body. L. acidus halleri, consists of I part of sulphuric acid and 3 parts of alcohol, colored by red-poppy petals. L. amnii, the liquid contained in the amniotic sac in which the fetus lies. Its normal quantity is from one to two pints. At the middle of pregnancy it equals in weight that of the fetus. It serves a number of useful functions, and in labor protects the fetus and cord from pressure, dilates the os and lubricates the genital canal. L. Cotunnii, the perilymph secreted by the fibro-serous membrane of the internal ear. L. entericus, the intestinal juice. L. foUiculi, the fluid filling the follicle or space about the developing ovum in the ovary. L. gastricus, the gastric juice. L., Labarraque's, liquor sodae chloratse. L. lymphse, the fluid portion of lymph, analogous to liquor sanguinis. L., Malt, a name given to beer, ale, stout, etc. Malt liquors are made by fermenting an in- fusion of malt (barley) in the presence of hops and other substances. L. Morgagni, the small quantity of fluid found between the crystalline lens and its capsule. L. pancreaticus, pancreatic juice. L. sanguinis, the blood-plasma; the fluid portion of the blood. L. scarpae. See Endolymph. L. sedans. See Vibur- num. L. seminis, a colorless, transparent, and albu- minous liquid, which, along with the spermatozoa and seminal granules, constitutes the semen. L., Spirit- uous, a distilled alcoholic liquor. L. stypticus, liquor ferri chloridi. Liquorice (lik'-or-is). See Glyryrrhiza. L., Wild. See Abrus. Lirate (li'-rdt) [lira, a ridge]. Ridged or furrowed. Lirella (li-rel'-aK) [lira, a furrow]. In biology, the peculiarly furrowed apothecium of certain lichens. Liriodendrin (lir-i-o-den'-drin) [Xeipiav, lily; SMpov, tree]. An alkaloidal precipitate from the bark of Liriodendron tulipifera. It is stimulant, tonic, and diuretic, and is said to have toxic qualities. Unof. Liriodendron (lir-e-o-den' -dron) \%eiptov, lily ; SMpov, tree]. A genus of magnoliaceous trees. L. tulipi- fera, of N. America and Asia, is the tulip-tree, mis- called poplar. Its bark is stimulant, tonic, and antipyretic. Dose of the saturated tincture, one fluidram. Unof. Lisfranc's Operations. See Operations, Table of. L.'s Tubercle, a rough spot on the anterior surface of the first rib near the superior border. It serves for the attachment of the scalenus anticus muscle. Lisle's Fever-powder. A powder similar to James's Poivder, q.v. Lisp [ME. , /w/^»,to lisp]. To imperfectly pronounce the sibilant letters. Lisping (lisp'-ing) \MIE.,lispen,io lisp]. A defect of speech, natural or acquired, in which sibilant letters are sounded like Unguals, especially j as th. It sometimes arises from too great length of the tongue. Lissauer's Angles. See Angles. L., Columns of. See Column. L.'s Tract, a group of fine nerve-fibers in the spinal cord lying ventrad and dorsad of the entrance of the dorsal roots. These fibers, which proceed from dorsal roots at a lower level, are supposed to be in relation with the posterior vesicular column. Lissotrichous (lis-of -rik-us) [Xmaiq, smooth; flp/f, hair]. In biology, having straight, smooth hair; less correctly written leiotrichous and liotrichous. Listen (lis'-n) [ME., listnen, to listen]. To give heed to ; to give ear. Lister's Method. See Listerian Methods, and also, Fractional Cultivation. Listerian Methods of Dressing Wounds, Carbolic acid was the first antiseptic, but from its volatility and slowness of action as a germicide, it was replaced by corrosive sublimate. But this proved irritating and was precipitated by the albumin of the blood-serum. What might be called the Third Method was the antiseptic dressing called Sero-sublimate Gauze, LISTERINE 697 LITHODIALYSIS consisting of a gauze charged with a solution of cor- rosive sublimate in the serum of horses' blood. This was found difficult to manufacture and was harsh and non-absorbent. The Fourth Method consisted in a combination of chlorid of ammonium and bichlorid of mercury, called Sal-aletnbroth. This was likewise objectionable because of its ready solubility .in the blood-serum. Fifth Method, a gauze containing three or four per cent, by weight of the biniodid of mercury. This proved irritating to the skin. A Sixth Method consists in the employment of gauze im- pregnated with a solution of a double cyanid of zinc and mercury colored with rosanilin. This is said to be non-volatile, unirritating, insoluble in water, and only soluble in 3000 parts of blood-serum. It possesses but little germicidal power, while but i : 1200 keeps animal fluids free from putrefaction. Seventh Method ; lately Lister has returned to the use of carbolic acid, preferring it to corrosive sublimate : (l) because it is a more powerful antiseptic ; (2) because it has greater penetrating power." He combines it with the use of the double cyanid gauze, preparing the latter with a i to 20 solution of carbolic acid. Listerine {lis'-ter-in) [after Lister, an English physi- cian]. A proprietary preparation said to contain thyme, eucalyptus, baptisia, gaultheria, and mentha arvensis, with two grains of benzo-boric acid in each dram. Listerism (lis' -ter-izm\ [after Lister, an English phy- sician]. A general name for the antiseptic and aseptic treatment of wounds according to the principles first enunciated by Lister. See Listerian Methods. Listing's Law. See Law. L.'s Reduced Eye, in optics, a schematic simplified eye in which there is a mean nodal or principal point lying between the two nodal or principal points, the distance between these two points being so small (only 0.4 mm.) that they may practically be assumed to be one. By this arrangement there is gained but one refractive surface for all the media of the eye. See Eye. Liter {le'-ter) [litra, a pound]. The unit of capacity in the metric system, equal to 0.88036 of an imperial quart, or 1.056 United States quarts ; it is the volume of one kilogram of water at its maximum density. Lithagogectasia (lith-ag-o-jek-ta' -ze-ah) [/l(6of , stone ; ayutyi^, leading ; iKram;, a stretching out] . Lithec- tasy. Lithagogue {lith'-ag-o^ \7JSai, stone ; ayaybi, lead- ing] . Any agent or remedy, not mechanical, which tends to expel calculi from the bladder. Litharge (lith'-arj). See Lead and Pigments, Con- spectus of. Lithate {lith'-at) \'>ddo^, stone]. Any salt of lithic (uric) acid ;, a urate. Lithectasy {lith-ekf-fas-e) [XSog, stone ; itcracL^, a stretching out]. Dilatation of the urethra and neck of the bladder for the removal of calculi. Lithectomy [lith-ek' -to-me) [TudoQ, stone ; sKTOiiii, a cutting out]. Sia.m.e as Lithotomy. Lithemia (lith-e' -me-ah) [XiSof, stone ; ol/ Neck and shoulder. Shoulder. Arm. Hand Front of thorax. >- Ensiform area. Abdomen (Umbilicus, loth). 1 Buttocks, J upper part. Groin and scrotum (front). outer side. Thigh - front. inner side. Leg, inner side. c Buttocks, lower part. Back of thigh. nnf I except in- ?ootj"-^P-^'- Perineum and anus. Skin from coccyx to anus. - Scapular. Epigastric Abdominal. Cremasteric. Knee-joint. ■ Gluteal. Foot-clonus. Plantar. Diagram and Table Showing the Approximate Relation to the Spinal Nerves of the Various Motor, Sensory, AND Reflex Functions of the Spinal Cord. {Arranged by IV. R. GowerSt from anatomic and pathologic data.) Localized [lo'-kal-lzd) [locus, a place]. Confined to a particular place. Locellus {lo-sel'-us) [dim. of loculus, a little place : //. , Locelli'\. In biology, a subdivision of a loculus. Loch (&,?) [Arab.]. A lincture, or electuary. (Old.) Lochaditis (lok-dd-i' -tis\ Same as Logaditis. Lochia (lo'-ke-ah) l?i.6xta, M^oq, lying-in]. The dis- charge from the genital organs during from two to four weeks succeeding labor. L. alba, the whitish flow that takes place from about the seventh day. L. rubra, the sanguineous flow of the first few days. L. serosa, the serous discharge taking place about the fifth day. Lochia (lo'-ke-ah) \}Mxda, childbirth]. Childbirth; confinement. (Rare.) Lochial (lo'-ke-al) [^o;t;(a, Ai$;fOf, lying-in]. Pertain- ing to the lochia. Lochiation {lo-ke-a' -shun) nixi'i't ^^X"?' lying-in]. Aveling's term for the excretion of the lochia. Lochioceliitis ijo-ke-o-se-le-i' -lis) [/l(i;|fMf , puerperal ; KO(^/a, abdomen ; (Tif, inflammation]. Puerperal ab- dominal inflammation. . ! ■ ' LOCHIOCOLICA 703 LODICULA Lochiocolica (lo-ke-o-kol'-ik-aK) [/l(5;i;(of, puerperal ; mAiKii, pertaining to the colon]. Pain in the ab- dominal region dependent upon, or associated with, some lochia! irregularity. Lochiodochium (lo-ke-o-do' -ke-uni) . See Lochodochium, Lochiometra (lo-ke-o-me' -trah') [Xoxia, lochia ; /i^Tpa, uterus]. A collection of lochia in the uterus. Lochiopyra Uo-ke-op' -ir-ah) [7i6xio(, relating to child- bed; jrSp, fire, fever]. Puerperal fever. SameasXt;- cAopyra. Lochiorrhagia (lo-ke-or-a'-je-aK) [A(i;);(a, lochia ; l)iiyvbvm, to biurst forth]. An excessive flow of the lochia. Lochiorrhea [lo-ke-or-e' -aK) [7i4xi.a, lochia ; l)oia, a flow]. An abnormal flow of the lochia. Lochiorrhoic (lo-ie-i>r-o'-ii)[Mxta, lochia ; poia, flow]. Pertaining to lochiorrhea. Lochioschesis (lo-ke-os' -kes-is) \Mxm, lochia ; ax^ai!, retention]. Suppression or retention of the lochia. Lochioschetic (lo-ke-os-kef -iK) [^6xta, lochia ; ax^aif, retention]. Pertaining to lochioschesis. Lochocacocolpia (lo-ko-kak-o-kol'-pe-aK) \\&x°^t childbed ; /cafcdf, evil ; K&\mq, vagina]. Vaginal or vulval gangrene after childbirth. Lochoceliitis (lo-ko-se-le-i' -tis). See Lochioceliitis. Lochodochium (lo-ko-do' -ke-uni) \\6xoi, childbirth ; Six^aQai, to receive] . A lying-in hospital ; a mater- nity. Lochomeleagra (lo-ko-mel-e-a' -graK) \Uxo^, child- birth ; /i^Aof, limb ; ay pa, seizure]. An attack of pain in the limbs of parturient women. Lochometrltis (lo-ko-me-tri' -tis) \UxoQ, childbirth; /i^Tpa, womb; trtf, inflammation]. Inflammation of the womb consequent upon delivery ; puerperal metri- tis. Lochometrophlebitis [lo-ko-me-tro-fle-bi' -tis) \Ux''it childbirth; /ii^rpa, womb; ^/l^i/i, vein; jTff, inflamma- tion]. Phlebitis of the uterine veins in puerperal women. Locho-oophoritis (lo-ko-o-off-or-i' -tis) [Uxog, child- bed; adv, egg; op6c, bearing; mg, inflammation]. Puerperal inflammation of an ovary. Lochoperitonitis {lo-ko-per-it-on-i'-tis) \X6x°it child- bed; vepiTdvaiov, peritoneum; «T«f, inflammation]. Inflammation of the peritoneum following childbirth. Lochopyra (lo-kop' -ir-ah) \y>xo^, childbed; i^vp, fire, fever]. Puerperal fever. Lochos {lof-kos) lUxog, childbirth]. A pregnant woman; childbed. (Obs.) Lochotyphus {lo-ko-ti' -fus) [16xog, childbed; riifog, stupor]. Puerperal fever of a typhoid type. Lock {M) [ME., M, lock]. I. Anything that fas- tens something else. 2. To fasten by means of a lock; to fasten so as to impede motion. L.- finger, a peculiar and very uncommon affection of the fingers in which they suddenly become fixed in a flexed position. The locking is due to the presence of a small fibrous growth in the sheath of the extensor ten- don. L.-hospital, an English hospital for the treat- ment of venereal diseases ; it was originally kept with locked doors, whence the name. L.-jaw, tetanus ; trismus. L.-spasm, Weir Mitchell's term for a severe form of writer's cramp, the hand becoming spasmodic- ally firmly contracted, the spasm being followed by complete relaxation. Locked {Mt) [ME., /oi, a lock]. Fastened by means of a lock ; immovable. L. Heads. See Head-lock- ing. L.Jaw. ^^& Trismus. L. Joint, Pajet's term for a condition similar to that described as lock-finger, but usually involving a knee-joint. Loco or L. Plant or L. Weed {lo'-ko) [Sp. for "crazy"]. A name given in parts of the U. S. to various species of Astragalus, Hosackia, Oxytropis, and Sophora, poisonous plants that are believed to cause loco- disease in cattle and horses. L.-disease, a local epizootic disease of cattle and horses, believed to be liable to follow the eating of any one of the plants called loco. Locoed (lo'-kod) [Sp. , loco, crazy]. Suflering from Loco-disease, q. v. Locomobile [lo-ko-mo' -bil ) \locus, place ; mohilis, movable]. Having the power to change place, or to move from a place. Locomobility (lo-ko-mo-bil' -it-e) \locus, place ; mohilis, movable]. The quality of being locomobile. Locomotility {lo-ko-mo-iil'-it-e) [locus, -pluce; motilitas,. motility]. The quality or power of moving from place to place. Locomotion {lo-ko-mo' -shun) [locus, place; movere, to move]. Animal movement. L. of an Artery, the straightening out of a curved artery under the impulse of the pulse-wave. Locomotive {lo-ko-mo' -tiv) [locus, a place ; movere, to move]. Moving from place to place ; able to change its place ; pertaining to locomotion. L. Pulse. See Corrigan's J^filfe. . Locomotivity (lo-ko-mo-tiv'-it-e) [locus, place ; mo- vere, to move]. The power to move from one place to another. Locomotor {lo-ko-mo' -tor) [locus, a place ; motor, a mover], i. Pertaining to locomotion. 2. That which moves from place to place. L. Ataxia, or L. Ataxy. See Ataxy and Tabes. Locomotorium {lo-ko-mo-to' -re-uni) [locus, a place ; motor, mover: //., Locomotoria'\. In biology, the motive apparatus of an organism ; the bones, muscles, and tendons. Locomotory (lo-ko-mo' -tor-e) [locus, place ; movere, to move]. Pertaining to locomotion. Loculament {lok' -u-lam-ent) [loculamentum, a case, box, cell]. Same as Locultis. Loculamentum {lok-u-lam-en' -turn) . Same as Locu- lus. Locular, Loculate {lok'-u-lar, lok'-u-lat) [loculus, a cell]. In biology, possessing one or more cell-like subdivisions ; divided into or having loculi. Locule {lok'-ul). See Loculus. Loculicidal {lok-u-lis-i' -dal) [loculus, a cell ; ccedere, to cut]. In biology, applied to seed-capsules that split open along the dorsal suture. Loculus {lok'-u-lus) [dim. of locus, a place : pi. , Loculi"]. In biology, a small space or cavity ; a small compartment or cell, as the seed-chamber of a fruit. Locus (lo'-kus) [L. : pi.. Loci"]. An indefinite term in anatomy, meaning a place or position. L. cine- reus, L. cceruleus, L. ferrugineus, a bluish-tinted eminence on the fasciculi teretes of the fourth ventricle of the brain. L. luteus, the regio olfactoria of the nose ; so called from the yellowish color of the epithe- lium. L. minoris resistentise, a spot of diminished resistance — a term given to a locality, varying in dif- ferent individuals, and often accidentally developed, whose resistance to the invasion of disease is less than that of other parts. L. niger, a dark area in the center of a section of the crus cerebri. See Intercalatutn. L. perforatus, a name given to the anterior and the posterior perforated space at the base of the brain through which many vessels pass. L. praedilectiorus, the point of election. L. ruber, the red nucleus of the tegmentum. Locust-tree. See Hymenoea courbaril. Lodicle {lod'-ik-l). Same as Lodicule. Lodicula {lod-ik'-u-laK). Same as Lodicule. LODICULE 704 LONG Lodicule (lod' -ik-ul) \lodicula, dim. of lodix, a cover- let]. In biology, a small scale found between the stamens and palet of many grasses. Lodoicea (lod-o-is' -e-aK) \sdlsr Laodice, daughter of Priam, King of Troy]. A genus of palms, £.. sech- ellarum, the double-cocoanut tree, a palm of the Seychelle Islands. This tree and its double nut are highly esteemed in the East, where magic virtues are ascribed to the fruit. Latterly a fluid extract of the plants has been recommended as a tonic, febrifuge, and alexipharmac. Dose, gtt. ij-v. Unof. Loeb, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Loebisch's Formula, See ChristisofCs Formula. Loffler's Alkaline Solution, A staining-agent used in the histologic laboratory. See Stains, Table of. L.'s Bacillus , the bacillus of diphtheria. See Bacil- lus, Klebs-Ldffler's, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. L.'s Blood-serum Mixture, a mixture con- sisting of one part of neutral meat-infusion bouillon containing lo per cent, of grape-sugar and 3 parts of blood-serum; it is a culture-medium. L.'s Method, a method of staining the flagella of microorganisms. See Stains, Table of. Lohlein's Diameter. In pelvimetry, the internal as- cending oblique diameter, measured by the finger in the vagina from the center of the sub-pubic ligament to the upper anterior angle of the great sacro-sciatic foramen. It is 2 cm. less than the transverse diam- eter of the superior strait of the pelvis. Lcemia Uem'-e-ah). See Loimia. Lcemic (lem-'-ili). See Loiniic. Loemography (lem-og'-ra-fe) [/lo(jUi5f plague ; ypd^eiv, to write]. See Loimology. Loemoid \lem'-oid). See Loimic. Loemology (/?»2-o/'-o-/^). See Loimology. Loemophthalmia (lem-off-thal' -me-ah) [Aot/iiif, plague ; h^aXfiia, ophthalmia]. A contagious ophthalmia. Lovye's Oak-red. See Oak-bark. L.'s Reagent or Test, a solution for the detection of sugar in the urine. It consists of subnitrate of bismuth, glycerin, and soda lye. See Tests, Table of. L.'s Ring, a demonstration of the yellow spot of the retina which , in a strong light, appears surrounded by a bright area, two or three times as large as the spot. Clerlf-Maxwell's experiment consists in looking through a solution of chrome-alum, when there is seen an oval, purplish spot due to the pigment of the yellow spot. Lcevicenberg, Canal of. See Canal. Lbwit's Method, See Stains, Table of. Logadectomy {log-ad-ek'-to-me) \7My6.Se(, whites of the eyes ; ekto/i^, excision] . Excision of a piece of the conjunctiva. (Obs. ) Logades [log' -ad-lz) [Xoyddef]. The whites of the eyes; the sclerotic coats of the eyes. (Obs.) Logaditis {log-ad-i' -tis) \\oyh(ttQ, whites of the eyes ; trie, inflammation]. Same as Sclerotitis. (Obs.) Logadoblennorrhea [log-ad-o-blen-or-e'-ah) \\oy6.Se(, whites of the eyes; pXhva, mucus; l>nia, flow]. Conjunctival blennorrhea. (Obs. ) Logan Crown, In dentistry, an artiflcial crown the base of which is deeply recessed, leaving a thin bor- der to be fitted to the natural root. One end of the dowel is baked into the crown during its manufacture. The concavity of the base facilitates the adjustment of the crown to the end of the root, and gives a more permanent form to the cement holding the dowel or post. Loganin (log'-an-in) , C^jHj^Ojj. A glucosid extracted from strychnos seeds. Logodiarrhea (log-o-di-ar-et -ah) [Wyof , word ; 6i6,p- />ma, a flowing through]. Excessive or maniacal loquacity. Ldgographic {log-o-graf -ili) [Adyof, word ; ij>pdeiv, to write]. Pertaining to written words. L . Alalia, that in which the thoughts cannot be expressed in writing. Logomania {fog-o-ma' -ne-aK) [AiSyof, word ; imvla, madness]. I. Insanity characterized by talkativeness. 2. Aphasia. Logomonomania {log-o-mo-no-ma' -ne-ah) \Xltyoq, word ; jiAvoQ, single ; jjavia, mania] . Monomania marked by loquacity. Logoneurosis [log- o-nu-ro' -sis') \\6yoQ, word; vsvpov, nerve; vdaog, disease: //. , Logoneuroses'\. I. Any neurosis marked by a speech-defect. 2. Any neurosis attended with impairment of the mental powers. Logopathy (log-op' -ath-e)\UyoQ, word ; vriiSof, disease]. Any disease affecting the speech ; dyslogia. Logoplegia (log-o-ple' -je-ah) \Uyoq, word ; trXijy^, stroke]. An aphasic symptom, consisting in the im- possibility of uttering a word, though the memory of its sound is clear. Logoplegic {log-o-ple' -jik) {X6yo(, word ; 'TrXtryij, stroke] . Relating to, or characterized by, logoplegia. Logorrbea {log-or-e' -ah) [/Idyof , word ; poia, a flow], I . Abnormal rapidity of speech ; a symptom of cerebral irritation. 2. Same as Logodiarrhea. Logvirood (fog' -wood). See Hematoxylon. L. -black. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Lohoch (lo'-hok). Same as Loch. .Loimia (loi' -me-ah) [Aoi|U(if, plague]. A pestilence or plague. Loimic (loi'-mik) \7joi,jUK6q ; "kokfiit^, plague]. Pertain- ing to the plague or to any pestilence. Loimology (loi-mol' -o-je) \}mfi,6q, plague; Uyo^, a treatise]. The science of contagious epidemic dis- eases. Loimop}rra [loi-mop' -ir-ah) [/lot/i(if, plague ; mp, fire]. Pestilential' fever. Loin (loin) [ME., loine, loin]. Either of the lumbi, or lower part of the back in the region of the hips. Loliin (/o'-/i?-«») [/»/wz«, darnel]. . A volatile, poison- ous alkaloid contained in the seeds of Lolium temu- lentum. liOliura (lo'-le-um) [L., darnel]. A genus of grasses, one of which, L. temulentum, poisonous darnel, is remarkable as one of the few grasses that appear to have poisonous qualities. Its seeds in particular are said to have narcotic qualities. By some writers this poisonous effect has been denied, and by others it has been referred to the presence of ergot ; late researches seem to confirm the popular belief, Unof. Loma (fo'-mah) \f.aiia, hem, fringe: pi., Lomata"]. In biology, a flap or fringe along the toe of a bird. Lomastome (lo'-mas-tdm) [Xu/ia, hem, fringe; arSfta, mouth] . In biology, applied to such shells as have a reflected peristome. Lomatine (lo'-mat-in) \\una, hem, fringe]. In bio- logy, margined or fringed. Lombardian Leprosy, See Pellagra. Loment (lo'-ment) [lomentum, a mixture of bean-meal and rice]. In biology, a legume that when ripe breaks transversely into joints. Lomentum (lo-men'-tum). Same as Loment. Lomilomi (lo' -me-lo' -me) [Hawaiian]. A kind of shampoo or massage, practised by the Polynesians. London Paste, A caustic paste containing equal parts of caustic soda and unslaked lime. It must be mixed with water before using. L, White. Same as White Lead. Long [ME., long, long]. Having great length. L.- sight. Synonym of Presbyopia and Hyperopia. L.- sightedness. See Hyperopia. L. Thread-worms. See Thread-worms. LONGEVITY 705 LOSOPHAN Longevity (Jon-jeu'-it-e) [longa, long ; viia, life]. Long life. Longi- ^lon'-je-) \Jengus, long]. A prefix signifying length or extent. Longicaudate (lon-je-kaw' -dat) \longus, long ; cauda, a tail]. In biology, having a long tail. Longiductor (lon-je-duk' -tor) \_longus, long ; ductor, leader]. The adductor longus muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Longimanus (lon-je-ma' -nus) \longus, long ; manus, haod]. Long-handed. tonging (lawng' -ing) [ME., longen, to desire earnestly] . The earnest desire for anything ; it is a condition often present in the female during pregnancy. Longipedate (lon-je-pe' -daf) [longus, long ; pes, foot]. Long-footed. Longiperoneus {lon-je-per-o-ne' -us) [longus, long ; ■Kep&Dfi, fibula]. The peroneus longus muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Longipes [lon'-je-pis). See Longipedate. Longisect (lon-je-sekf) [longus, long ; secure, to cut]. To make a longisection , q.v. Longisection Qon-je-sek' -shun\ [longus, long ; sectio, cutting]. Longitudinal section ; especially used of the body from extremity to extremity. The division of a body into sections parallel with its long axis. See Position and Direction, Table of. Longissimus (lon-jis' -im-us) [super, of longus, long]. Longest. L. capitis, L>. cervicis, the trachelomas- toid muscles. See Muscles, Table of. L. dorsi. See Muscles, Table of. Longitude (Ion' -jit-ud) [longitude, length]. Angular distance from any standard meridian perpendicular to the plans of the axis. Longitudinal [lon-jit-u'-din-al) [longitudinalis, per- taining to length]. In anatomy, lengthwise, or in a direction the opposite of transverse. L. Fissure, of the cerebrum. See Fissures, Table of. L. Sinus, the triangular subcranial venous channel extending from the crista galli to the tentorium. Longus (/«TO«^-,^'«j) [L., long]. Long. L. colli. See Muscles, Table of. L. capitis, the rectus capitis anticus major muscle. See Muscles, Table of. L. dorsi. The longissimus dorsi muscle. See Muscles, Table of L. lumborum, an inconstant muscle attached to the bodies of the two upper lumbar ver- tebrae and the three lower dorsal vertebrae. Lonsdale's Apparatus. An apparatus for treating frac- ture of the patella, consisting of movable arms sus- pended from two upright rods that are attached to a long posterior splint. To these arms are fastened padded plates that hold the fragments together. Looch {lo-ok') [Fr.]. Same as Loch. Loodianah Disease. ^&& Anthrax. Loofah (Joo'-fah). See Luffa. Look-at-his-face Disease. Carate ; a form of syph- ilitic skin-disease in Spain, characterized by blotches upon the face. Loong. See Lung. Loop [ME., lope, a loop]. A folding of a cord, fiber, tube, or cord-like structure, upon itself. L. of Henle. See Tubuli uriniferi. L., Obstetric, the fillet. Looped {loopty [ME., lope, loop]. Doubled upon itself ; containing loops. L. Tubes of Henle. See Tubuli uriniferi. Loose (/«s) [ME., loos, loose]. Lax; wanting power of restraint; as loose bowels. L. Ligature. See Ligature. Looseness {loos' -nes) [ME., loos, loose]. Popular name fbr diarrhea. L. of the Teeth,. Odontoseisis ; Odontosismus ; this results from disease of the gums and'the gradual destruction of the alveolar processes. 45 Loosestrife {loos' -strife See Lysimachia. Lophadia {iofad'-e-ah). See Lophia. / Lophanthus {lo-fan'-thus) [U^oc, crest ;, avSoQ, flower]. A genus of labiate plants, popularly called hyssops,, or hedge-hyssops. L. anisatus, L nepetoides, and L. urticsefolius of North America have the general properties of the mint-family. Unof. Lophia {lo'-fe-ah) [%6^o(, the back of the neck]. The upper part of the back near the first dorsal vertebra. Lophin {lo'-fin) [Xii^of,, a tuft], CjjHjgN^. Triphenyl glyoxalin ; a substaince produced by distilling amarin. It is not readily soluble in alcohol, crystalUzes in long needles, and melts at 275° C. Lophiodontous {lo-fe-o-don' -tus) [\6cpog, crest ; odoi/f, tooth]. Having crested molar teeth. Lophodont {lo' -fo-dont) [Xd^of, a crest ; h&oru^, tooth]. In biology, applied to that dentition in which the crowns of the molar teeth possess ridges or crests, as distinguished from bunodont. See Lophiodontous, Lophophore {lo'-fo-for) [UifioQ, a crest ; f6po(, bear- ing]. In biology, the frame or stage surrounding the mouth of a polyzoan and giving support to the ten- tacles. Lophosteon {lo-fos'-te-on) [/lo^of , a crest ; bcTiov, ' hone: pi., Lophostea"]. In biology, the median one of the five bones that make up the sternum of a carin- ate bird. Loquacity {lo-kwas' -il-e) [loqtiacitas ; loquax,. talka- tive]. VolubiHty of speech; talkativeness; a con- dition that is frequently excessive in various forms of mental disorder. Lorate {lo'-rat) [lorum, a thong, or lash]. In biology, shaped like a long strap. Lordoma {lor-do' -mah) [%opSovv, to bend inward] . The anterior or forward incurvation of the spine. Lordoscoliosis {lor-do-sko-le-o'--sis) [AiSpduffif, ?Mpd6eiv, to bend ; cnuXiaaig, crookedness]. Lordosis with sco- liosis. Lordosis {lor-do'-sis) [AdpSoiaig, ?Lop66eiv, to bend]. A curvature of the spine with a forward convexity. L., Paraljrtic, lordosis due to paralysis of either the spinal or the abdominal muscles. L. valgorum, genu valgum, q. V, Lordotic {lor-dot' -ik) , Lordosic {lor-dos'-ik), Lor- dous {lor'-d-us) [UpdaoL^, ?U)p66ei.v, to bend]. Bent with the convexity turned ventrad ; applied to the spinal column. Lore {lor) [lorum, a thong, lash, strap]. In biology, the space between the eye and the bill or nostrils in birds and reptiles. Loreta's Operation, i. The forcible dilatation of the pylorus for the relief of stricture after celiogastrotomy: 2. The treatment of aneurysm by the introduction of metal wire into the sac, through which a current of electricity is then passed. See Operations, Table of. Lorica (/<7r-W-/^a^)[L., a corselet, cuirass : pi. , Loriae\. In biology, a protective sheath or carapace. Loricate (lor' -ik-at) [lorica, a coat of mail]. In bi- ology, covered with a protective coat. Lorication (lor-ik-a' -shun) [lorica, a leather cuirass]. The protection of a glass vessel against heat by a coat- ing of sand and clay. Loriculate {lor-ik' -u-ldt) [loricula, a small breastplate]. Consisting of long divisions. Lorum (lo'-rum) [L., thong, whip, strap: //., Lora\ Same as Lore. Lourd, Lourderie {loord, loor'-der-e). See Gid. Losi-piercing {lo'-se^plr'-sing). See Thoka-losi. Losophan {lo'-so-fan). Tri-iodo-cresol, an agent said to be strongly parasiticidal, and useful in parasitic dermatoses, whether due to fungous or animal para- sites. LOSTORFER'S CORPUSCLES 706 LUBRICATING Lostorfer's Corpuscles. The granular masses al- leged by Lostorfer to have been found in the blood of syphilitic patients. Lote (lot). See Celtis. Lotio {lo'-she-o) [L.]. See Lotion. L. adstringens, Warren's styptic, consisting of five parts of sulphuric acid, and four parts each of turpentine and alcohol. L. nigra. See Hydrargyrum. Lotion [lot -shun) \lotio, a wash] . Any medicinal solu- tion intended for external use. L., Black. See Hy- drargyrum. L., Cold Evaporating, plumbi acet. gj, pulv. opii 3j, aquae Oj. Or, liq. plumbi sub- acetat. f^iv, tinct. opii f^ij, aquas Oj ; for exter- nal use. L., Goulard's, liquor plumbi subacetatis. See Plumbum. L. for Mouth, acid pyrolig. gj, aquae, f^^viij ; use externally. Or, tinct. myrrh 5ss, potass, chlor. giij, aquae f^i^. L., Red, zinci sulph. gr. X, spts. rosmarin., tinct. lavand. comp., aa fgjss, aq. f§x; use locally. Lotophagous (lo-tnff'-ag-us) [;<.wnif, lotus ; (payslv, to devour] . Lotus-eating. Lotura [lo-tu'-rah). [L.]. Lotion. L. carnis, L. carnium, a sanguinolent and serous liquid some- times discharged in cases of dysentery or diarrhea. Louis's Angina. See Ludwig's Angina. L.'s Angle. See Angle. L.'s Law. See Law. Louping-ill [loop' -ing-il) [E. dial., loup, to spring]. Leaping-evil : a disease of sheep causing them to spring up in going forward (Scotch) . It is due to the presence of a cystic parasite in the spinal canal. See Ccenurus cerebrales, under Parasites [Animal), Table of. Louse {lows). See Pediculosis. Lousiness (low'-ze-nes). See Pediculosis. Lousy [low-ze) [ME., /««, a louse]. Affected with pediculosis. Louvred Panes. See Ventilation. Lovage {luv^-azh ) [ME., loveache']. The root of Ligus- ticum levisticu7n and Le^isticum officinale, stimulant, aromatic, carminative, and emmenagogue drugs. Dose of a fld. ext. fjj-ij- Unof. Love (/«!') [ME. , /iw^«, to love]. I. To regard with strong affection. 2. Sexual passion. L. -potion. See Philter. Low Crown. An artificial crown inserted into the natural root of a tooth ; it consists of a gold-backed porcelain facing, to which is attached a combined post and cap, which, from its peculiar form, is called a " step- plug," and which fits into an enlarged root- canal of a similar form. Lower, Tubercle of. See Tubercle. Loxa Bark {loks'-ah bark). Pale cinchona ; the bark of Cinchona officinalis. Loxarthron (loks-ar' -thron) [Aofiif, slanting ; &pSpov, a joint]. Any oblique or abnormal direction of a joint, not caused by spasm or luxation. Loxarthrosis (loks-ar-thro' -sis) \ko^6q, awry ; ipOpaaig, joint]. Distortion of a joint. Loxauchenus (loAs aw-ken'-us) [Aof(if, oblique ; ahxh^, neck]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by the intersection of the radius fixus and a line drawn between the basion and the inion is from 14° to 20°. X.OTii\a.(loks'-e-ah). See Torticollis. Loxic (loks'-ik) [Aofdf, oblique]. Distorted; awry; twisted. Loxochordus [loks-o-kor' -dus) [/lof(5f , oblique ; chorda, a cord] . Lissauer' s terra for a skull in which the angle formed between the intersection of the radius fixus and the line drawn from the bregma to the lambda is between 17° and 29°. Loxocoryphus (loks-o-kor' -if -us) [/lofdf , oblique ; Koprnp^, the head]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by the intersection of the radius fixus and a line connecting the bregma and the lambda is between 17° and 28.5°. Loxocyesis (loks-o-si-e' -sis) \%o^6q, awry.; Khriaiq, preg- nancy]. Oblique displacement of the gravid uterus. Loxodont (loks'-o-dont), Loxodontous (loks-o-don' - tus) [Aofof, aslant; hSohq, tooth]. Having teeth placed at abnormal angles with the jaw. Loxolophodont (loks-o-lof'-o-dont) [/lofrff, slanting; Ui^oq, a crest; odolig, tooth]. In biology, a form of dentition in which oblique crests connect the anterior internal tubercle of the upper molars with two ex- ternal tubercles ; this is characteristic of a gigantic Ungulate. Loxometopus (loks-o-met-o' -pus) [/lof df , oblique ; ftkru- nov, the. space between the eyes]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by the intersection of the radius fixus and a line drawn from the bregma to the nasal point is between 43° and 47° Loxophthalmos (loks-off-thal'-mos). Synonym of Strabismus, q. v. Loxopisthius (loks-o-pis' -the-us) [/l(;, long, great ; Kirog, cell ; a'l/ia, blood]. A condition in which the size of the red blood-corpuscles is in- creased ; it may be due to malaria, anemia, or lead- poisoning. Macrocytosis (mak-ro-si-to' -sis) [^laKpdq, large ; nvTog, cell]. The formation of macrocytes. Macrodactylia {niak-ro-dak-til' -e-ah) l/j.aiip6g, long ; daKTvlai, finger]. An abnormally great length, or size, of fingers or toes. Macrodactylism [mak-ro-dak'-til-iam). See Macro- dactylia. Macrodactyly {inak-ro-dak'-til-e). See Macrodactylia. Macrodont (mak' -ro-dont) \_iiaKp6g, large ; bdohq, tooth]. Large-toothed, as applied to the comparative size of the teeth of different races. When the dental length multiplied by 100 divided by the basinasal length exceeds 44, the skull is considered a macro- dont, if under 42 a microdont, if intermediate a mesodont. Macrogastria (mak-ro-gas'-tre-aK) l/ianpdg, large ; yaariip, belly]. Dilatation of the stomach. Macrogastrous (fnak-ro-gas' -trus) \jiaKpii;, large; yaariip, stomach]. Having a large stomach or belly. Macrogenious (mak-ro-je'-ne-us) \jmKp6g, large; ykvELOv, chin]. Long-chinned. Macroglossia (mak - ro - glos'- e - ah) [//a/c/j^f , great ; yTiuaaa, tongue]. Hypertrophic development of the tongue, a condition seen in cretins, in whom it is probably due to lymphangioma. Macrognathic (mak-rog-nath' -ik) [fiaicpdg, long; jiiaBoQ, jaw]. In biology, having long jaws ; prog- nathous. MacTogonidium (mak-ro-go-nid ' -e-um) \juiKp6g, long, large; yovii, generation, seed: pi., Macrogonidia^. In biology, a gonidium larger than the average. Macromania (»?rt^-;'(7-/rafl''-«^-a/2) [/za/c/adf, large ; fiavta, madness]. The insane delusion that objects are larger than they really are ; or the impression that one's own body or members are much larger than they are. Macromaniacal (mak-m-ma-ni' -ak-al) \_iiaiip6(, large ; fiavla, madness]. Characterized by the insane im- pression that objects are larger than they really are. Macromelia, (inak-ro-vie'-le-aK), Macromelus (mak- rom'-el-us) \jmKp6g, long; fiktioQ, organ or member]. The excessive development of any organ or member. Macromelia (mak-ro-me' -le-ah) [/MKp6;, long ; /li/Xa, cheek] . Hypertrophy of the cheeks. MacTomere (mak' -ro-mlr) [iianpdg, long; pipoc, part]. In biology, the larger of the two masses into which the vitellus divides in the development of a lamelh- branch, termed by Rabe the " vegetative cell." One of the larger blastomeres in a holoblastic telolecithal germ. M. -plate, a plate of 16 macromeres arranged on the vegetative side of the germ in the Ctenophora. MacTomyelon {mak-ro-mi' -el-on) . See Metencephalon. Macronemous (mak-ro-ne' -mus) \jianp6g, long ; vfipa, thread]. Having long tentacles. Macronosia (mak-ro-no' -%e-ah) [/ia/tpiif, long; vinog, illness] . A protracted or chronic disease. Macronucleus (mak-ro-nu' -kle-us). See Nucleus. Macronychous (mak-ro-nik' -us) \jiiaiK.p6g, large ; fniv^, talon] . Having long nails or claws. Macropanencephalus (mak-ro-pan-en-sef -al-us) \jiaK- p6g, large; mv, all; kyKtijmkiQ, brain]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed by the junction of the lines joining the hormionto the nasion and to the basion is between 185.5° ^^^ 206°. MacTopetalous (mak-ro-pef -al-us) [/^a/cpiif , long ; ir^ra- 7mv, a leaf]. In biology, having large petals. Macrophage (mak' -ro-faj) [/i(z(c/5((f, large ; (paye'iv, to devour]. A large phagocyte. " Metschnikoff's term for certain large leukocytes occurring in structures affected with erysipelas. He believes that they con- sume and destroy the debris of the dead and dying microphages ." Macrophagocyte (mak-ro-fag' -o-sit) [fimpdg, large; fayecv, to devour; Khroc, a cell]. A large-sized phag- ocyte, possessed of a single nucleus, and derived from some fixed connective-tissue element. Macrophagus (niak-roff ' -ag-us). See Macrophage. Macrophallus (mak-ro-fal'-us) [/laKpdg, large; tjtaMdg, penis] . A penis abnormally large or long. Macropharynx (mak-ro-far' -ingks) [/io/cpiif, large; 6,pvy^, pharynx]. A large pharynx. Macrophonous (rnak-roff ' -o-nus) \ji.aKp6i, large ; ^utuii, sound] . Loud-voiced. Macrophthalmos (mak-roff-thal'-mos) \_ftaKp6g, long, large ; bipBaXfidg, eye]. In biology, having large eyes. Macrophylline (mak-ro-fil' -in) \jiaKp6q, long, large; ^{lAAov, a leaf). In biology, consisting of large leaf- like parts or organs. Macrophyllous (mak-ro-fil' -us) \jmKpfsg, long ; ^iiKhav, a leaf]. In biology, having large leaves. Macrophysocephalus (mak-ro-fi-so-sef -al-us) [/laKpdi, large; ^uirav, to pufFup ; (ce^a^iy, head]. I. Enlarge- ment of the head from emphysema. 2. Caput succe- daneum . MACROPIA 717 MACULATE MacTopia {mak-ro'-pe-ah). See Megalopsia. Macroplasia (mak-ro^pla'-ze-ah) [jtaKpZc, large; irU- acQ, a moulding]. Excessive development of portions of the body. Macropneuma, Macropnea {mak-ro-nu' -mah, mak- rapf -ne-aK) [//ofc/Dcif, long; irveiiua, ttuo^, air, vrind]. Deep breathing. Macropodal {mak-rop' -o-daT) [/ia/cpdf , large ; woOf, foot] ■ Large- footed. Macropodia {mak-ro-po' -de-aK) [|Ua/cp6po(, bear]. In biology, the envelop of a maorosporangium. Maorosporangium {mak-ro-spo-ran/ -je-uni) \juiKp6q, long ; anopA, seed ; ayyelov, vessel : //. , Macrosporan- gia\. In biology, a sporangium containing macro- spores ; a megasporangium, oosporangium, or gonio- theca. Macrospore {mak' -ro-spor) \jui,«.p6q, long ; airopi., seed]. In biology: (3) a spore of relatively large size ; {i) one of the larger anisospores arising in the repro- duction of colony-forming Radiolarians. MacTOSporophyl, {mak-ro-spo' -ro-fil) [^fumpdg, long, large; anopd, seed; ^{i/l/loi', leaf]. The leaf beairing the macrospofangium in the higher Pteridophyta. MacFostoma {mak-ros'-to-mah) [luiKpdg, large ; aTdjja, mouth]. Congenital fissure of the angle of the mouth, producing a large opening. Macrostomatous {Mak-ro-sto' -mat-us) [/laiipSg, large ; ardfia, mouth]. Large-mouthed. Macrostomia {mak-ro-sto' -me-ah) [/mxpSg, large ; otS/m, mouth]. Excessive size, or width, of the mouth, or of the oral fissure. Macrostyle {mak'-ro-sttl)l/MKp6c, long ; ffTiiAof, pillar]. In botany, having a relatively long style. Macrostylospore {mak-ro-sH' -lo-spor) [^fiaxpd;, long, large ; arvXog) pillar ; anopd,, seed]. In biology, a relatively large stylospore. Macrotes {mak-ro'-tM) \jMiKp6q, large ; oif, ear]. One having large ears. Macrotin {mak' -ro-tin) [jiaKp6q, large; oif, ear]. A resin extracted from cimicifuga by alcohol, and pre- cipitated by water. See Cimicifuga. Macrotome {mak'-ro-tom) [^a/cp3f, long; roiiTj, a cut- ting]. A saw-box ; a box used for the division of the cranium in post-mortem examination of the brain. Macrozoogonidium {mak-ro-zo-o-go-nid' -e-um) \jmKp6q, long, large ; fipov, an animal ; yonifi, seed: //. , Macro- zodgonidia'\ . In biology, a relatively large zoogonidium. Macrozoospore {mak-ro-zo' -o-spor) \jiaKp6i, long ; f ^ov, an animal ; a-n-opd, seed]. In biology, u relatively large form of zoospore. Macula {mak'-u-lah) [L. : pl.,Macul2iA'\. Loss of the eyelashes or hairs of the eyebrows. Madarotic {mad-dr-ot'-ik), Madarous (mad'-ar-m) [jiaMpaatc, /iatSapiif, bald]. Affected with or relat- ing to madarosis. Madder (mad'-er) [ME., moder, madder]. The plant Rubia tinctorum ; also its root, well-known as a dye- stuff'. It was formerly considered eramenagogue and diuretic. Unof. See also Pigments, Conspectus of. M. -brown, M.-carmin, M. -orange, M. -purple. See Pigments, Conspectus of. M.-red. Same as Madder. M.-yellowr. See Pigments, Conspectus of Maddox Test, or Maddox Glass-rod Test. A test of heterophoria by means of a short cylinder of trans- parent glass about one-eighth of an inch long, fitted into a slot in an opaque disc to be set in the trial-frame before one eye, with a colored piano lens before the other eye. The rod converts the image of a distant flame into a thin line of light. The relative position of the two images thus formed permits the measure of imbalance of the muscles. Madefaction {mad-e-fa/i' -shun) [madefacere, to moist- en]. The act of moistening. Madeira (mad-a'-rah) [7g. , madeira, wood']. A fine sherry wine from the island of Madeira. Maderna {mad-er'-nah). Synonyra of Madarosis. Madescent [mad-es'-ent) [madescere, to become wet]. Becoming moist. iMadesis (mad-e'-sis). Synonym of Madarosis. Madidans {mad' -id-anz) [L.]. Weeping, oozing. See Mczema ?nadidans. Madisis (mad'-is-is). Synonym of Madarosis, Madisterion, Madisterium (mad-is-ter'-e-on, mad-is- ter'-e-um) [/ladiar^piov, from p-aSit^em, to pluck bare]. Epilating-forceps. Madness {mad'-nes). See Insanity and Mania. Madrid Colic. See Colic. Madura Foot. See foot. Fungus. Mseia {me-i'-ah) l/iaieia, from /^aieieaBat, to act as a midwife] . An old synonym of Obstetrics. Mseeleutherosis (me-el-u-ther-o'-sis) [paia, midwife ; e\ev6tpucig, a freeing]. Delivery by the aid of a mid- wife. (Obs.) Mseeuma {nie-e-u' -maK) [fiatevfw,, from pateveoBai, to act as midwife] . The newly-born babe. (Obs. ) Maeeusiomania (me-u-se-o-ma' -ne^ah). See Maiusio- mania. Mseeusiophobia {me-u-se-o-fo'-be-ah). See Maiusio- phobia. Mseeusis (me-u'-sis) [|Ua(£«mc, from /laiei/EaBat, to act as midwife]. Delivery. Maeeuter, Maeeutes {me-u'-ter, me-u'-tez) [/uueiTj/p, p.aiei)TriQ, from /iaieiica6ai, to act as midwife]. An obstetrician; accoucheur. (Obs.) Maeeutics [me-u'-tiks). See Maiutics. Maeeutria (me-u' -tre-ah) [fiaievTpia, from /iateiieaBai, to act as midwife]. Midwife. (Obs.) Maeeutric (me-u'-trik') [/laievrpia, midwife]. Pertain- ing to a midwife. (Obs.) Maena [me'-nah) \_p.ciivri, a small sea-fish]. A species of herring. The brine from the salted fish has been employed as a dressing for gangrenous ulcers. Magdala Red {mag-da'-lah). See Naphthalene-red. Magdaleon (mag-da' -le-on) , Magdalia [mag-da'- le-ah) [jiaySa'^ia, from /iaiTffefv, to knead]. A bread- pill or bolus ; a roll of plaster. Magendie, Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of. M.'s Solution. See Morphin. Magenta {ma-jen' -tah) [from a town in Italy]. A coal-tar dye ; one of the forms of anilin-red ; properly, a hydrochlorid of rosanilin. From it fuchsin and a large number of other dyes are prepared. One of the peculiar and somewhat glaring red tints which it pro- duces is also called magenta. See Fuchsin, and Pigments, Conspectus of. Maggot (mag'-ot) [ME., magot, maggot]. I. The larva of any insect, as a fly, that burrows in wounds or ulcers. Maggots are especially annoying in mili- tary practice and in hot countries. 2. A whim or fixed idea dominant in the mind, as of an insane or paranoiac person. Magistery (maj-is'-ter-e) \magisterium, masterpiece]. Formerly, a preparation considered to have especial virtue as a remedy. M, of bismuth, the subnitrate of bismuth. M. of tin [M. Jovis), precipitated stannous oxid. Magistral [maf -is-tral) [Magisler, a master]. A term employed to denote those medicines that are prepared on prescription, in distinction from those prepared or sold without the physician' s order. Magma [mag'-mak] [/idy/jia, mass: pi., Magmaia"]. Sediment, dregs ; any pulpy mass. Magtnatic [mag-mat' -ik), Magmoid [mag'-moid) [/idy/ia, mass]. Of the nature of or resembling a magma. Magnesia [mag-ne' -ze-ah) [pdyvTig, magnet ; gen. Mag- nesits]. Magnesium oxid, MgO. M. White, mag- nesium carbonate. See Magnesium. Magnesian [mag-ne' -ze-an) . See Magnesic. Magnesic ( mag-ne' -zik ) [ /iajyija'ca, from piyvtji, magnet]. Pertaining to or containing magnesium. Magnesium [mag-ne' -ze-um) [p-ayvriala, magnet; gen., Magnesii]. Mg; atomic weight 24.3; quantivalence II; spec, gravity 1.75. Oneof the metals of the alkaline earths, widely distributed in inorganic nature and forming also a constituent of animal and vegetable tis- sues. See Elements, Table of. The physiologic effects of its salts are antacid and laxative. Various salts are MAGNET 719 MAISSIAT'S BAND extensively used in medicine. M. boratis, Liquor (B. P.), contains one part of boric acid in. six. It is recommended as a paint in diphtheria. M. carbonas, (Mg.C03),Mg.(H0)j.sH,0. Dose gr. x-gj. M. carb., Liquor (B.P.) Dose §j-ij. M. citras effervescens granulatus, a preparation dissolving in water with effervescence. M. citras granulatus, " granulated citrate of magnesia," combined with citric acid, sugar, sodium bicarbonate, alcohol, and water. Dose gij-ij. M. citratis, Liq., contains M. carbonate gr. 200, citric acid gr. 400, syr. of citric acid gr. 1200, potassium bicarbonate gr. 30, water q. s. ad. ,5xij. Dose g iv-vj. M. oxid., Mg.O, magnesia, the oxid of the metal, a constituent of several laxative mixtures. Dose gr. x-gj. Magnesia ponderosa, heavy or calcined magnesia. Dose gr. x— gj. M. sulphas, Mg.S0^.7H20, "Epsom salt," "salts," much used as a popular purgative. Dose gj-gj. M. sulphat., Enema (B.P.), composed of sulphate of magnesium one part, olive oil one part, starch mucilage 15 parts. M. sulphis, MgS03.6H20. Dose gr. x-xxx. M., Trochisci, each contains magnesia gr. iij, nutmeg, gr. ^j;, sugar, tragacanth, water, q. s. Magnet {mag'-net) [from jjayvrjala. Magnesia, a district in Asia Minor, where loadstone was first found]. Loadstone, a magnetic oxid of iron. A body having the power to attract the unlike pole of another magnet, or to repel the like pole, and also to attract easily- magnetizable bodies. A body having a magnetic field. M., Electro-, a piece of soft iron temporarily magnetized by induction or by insertion into a helix. M., Gruening's, an instrument consisting of several magnetized steel rods, used for the removal of iron and steel particles from the eye. M., Horse-shoe, an iron magnet having the shape of a horse-shoe. M.- operation, the operation of removing foreign bodies of steel from the eye by the aid of a magnet. M., Permanent, one the magnetic properties of which are permanent, in contradistinction to M ., Temporary, which derives its magnetism from another magnet or from a galvanic cun-ent. Magnetic {mag-net' -ik) Ifidjv^aioc, magnetic^. Per- taining, or belonging, to a magnet. Possessed of magnetism. M. Axis, the line joining the poles of a magnet. M. Field, a space traversed by lines of magnetic force. Magnetism (mag' -net-izni) \jiayviiq, magnet]. The peculiar power possessed by the loadstone or natural magnet, and, under certain conditions, by other mineral substances, to attract or repel other masses. The science that treats of the nature and properties of magnets and the magnetic field. M., Animal, an empiric term for hypnotism. See Somnambulism and Hypnotism. Magnetization (mag-net-iz-a' -shuti) \_fi6yv7ig, magnet]. The process of rendering a substance magnetic. Magneto-electric (mag-nef -o-e-lek' -trik) \)L6,yvriq, mag- net; rikERTpov, amber]. Relating to magneto-elec- tricity. Magneto-electricity {mag-nef -o-e-lek-tris' -it-e) [jidy- vtiQ, magnet ; fj'^KTpmt, amber.] Electricity produced by means of a magnet. Magnetograph {mag-nef -o-graf) \jmyv7)g, magnet ; yplvfuv, to write]. An instrument for determining the intensity of magnetic action. Magneto-induction {mag-nef -o-in-duk' -shun) [fidyvT/g, magnet; inductio, induction]. The production of an induced current by the insertion of a magnet within a coil of wire. Magnetology {mag-net-ol'-o-je) [udyviK, magnet ; Uyo;, science]. The science of magnets and magnetism. Magnetometer {mag-net-om' -et-er) [jiayvK, magnet; jiirpov, a measure.] A series of magnets suspended so as to record graphically variations in direction and intensity of magnetic force. Magneto-therapy {mag-net' -o-t/ier' -ap-e) [jidyvrig, magnet ; Bepanha, treatment] . The use of the magnet in hypnotic therapeutics. Magniductor {tnag-ne-duk'-tor) [magnus, great ; ductor, a leader]. The adductor magnus of the thigh. Magnification [mag-nif-ik-a' -shun) [magnificare, to magnify]. In microscopy, the result obtained by dividing a linear dimension of the image by the cor- responding linear dimension of the object magnified. Magnify {mag'-nif-i) [magnificare , to magnify]. To make greater. Magnifying {mag' -nif-i-ing') [magnificare, to magnify] . Making greater. M. Power. See Magnification. Magnium {mag'-ne-um). Synonym of Magnesium. Magnolia {mag-no' -le-aK) [after Pierre Magnol, a French botanist]. A genus of trees. The bark of M. glauca, the common swamp sassafras, and several other species of the same genus are used in medicine. Magnolia is an aromatic, bitter tonic, popular as a remedy in rheumatism and malarial fevers. Dose gss-j. Unof. Magnolin {mag-no' -lin) [after Pierre Magnol, a French botanist]. A crystalline substance found in the fruit of magnolia. Magnum, or Os magnum [L. for "great bone"]. The largest bone in the distal row of the carpus situated between the unciform and the trapezoid bones. Magnus's Law. See Zaro. M.'sMethod, in obstet- rics, a method of bringing down the arms of the fetus after version. When the arms are about the neck, the hand should be introduced in the ordinary method, two or three fingers being placed on the superior edge of the scapula, which is gently pressed down- ward. This will cause the arms to move suddenly and to come down without further help. M.'s Sign. See Death. M^hdimari {ptah-hah-mah'-re) [E. Ind.]. Synonym of the Plague, q. v. See Pali. Mahua {mah'-u-ah). See Bassia. Maid, Maiden [mad, ma' -den) \W£,.,maide, maiden, a maid]. A young unmarried woman; a virgin. Maidenhead, popular expression for maidenhood ; virginity ; also the hymen. Maidismus {ma-id-iz' -nius) [mays, maidis, maize]. Maize-poisoning, or pellagra. Maieleutherosis {ma-el-u-ther-o' -sis) \_pa!ia, midwife ; tktvflkputjig, delivery]. Delivery by the aid, or with the attendance, of a midwife. Maieusiomania {ma-u-se-o-ma' -ne-ah) [/iaievaic, deliv- ery ; pavia, madness]. Puerperal insanity. Maieusiophobia {ma-u-se-o-fo'-be-ah) \jiaitvaig, child- birth; ^(i/3of, fear]. Morbid dread of childbirth. Maieutics {ma-u'-tiks) Ifiaithrrn, an obstetrician ; liauvTud], obstetrics]. Midwifery; obstetrics. Maignen's Compound. Powdered charcoal and lime supported on asbestos -cloth and used for filtration. It is employed in disinfecting sewage. Mailed {maid) [ME., maile, a link]. In biology, pro- vided with some kind of protective or defensive coat, as of scales or plates ; loricate ; lepidote. Maim {mSm) [ME., maimen, to mutilate]. I. To disable by mutilation. 2. A crippling. 3. See May- hem. Main de la griffe. Main en griffe. See Atrophy, Pro- gressive Muscular, and Claw-hand. Maisonneuve's Bandage. See Bandage. Maissiat's Band. A firm, dense portion of the fascia lata of the thigh passing down to become attached MAIZE 720 MALARIAL to the outer tuberosity of the tibia ; the ilio-tibial band. It helps to limit adduction of the thigh. Maize (maz) [W. Ind. , mahia, maize]. I. Indian corn. See Zea mays. 2. A coal-tar color, used in dyeing silk and wool reddish-yelloVv in an acid bath. It is the sodium salt of the disulphonic acid of azoxy- stilbene, and is called Sun-yellow. M. -poisoning. See Pellagra. Maizena {ma-ze' -nah) [W. Ind., mahiz, maize]. A flour made from maize. Maizenic Acid (ma-zen'-ik). See Acid. Make {mdk) [ME., maken, to make]. " The make," a colloquialism for designating the making of the electric current by applying the electrode to the con- ducting surfaces of the body. Interruption of the current is called " the break." Makrantrus. See Macrantrus. MakrencephalusI See Macrencephalus. Makrencranus. See Macrencranus. Makro- [mak'-ro-). See Macro-. Makrodaktylia {mak-ro-dak-tW -e-aK). See Macrodac- tylia. Makropsia {mak-rop'-se-aK). See Megalopsia. Makrosomia [mak-ro-so' -me-ah) . See Macrosomia. Mai [malum, evil, disease]. Disease. %&& Epilepsy. M. de mer. See Sea-sickness. M. de dent, odon- talgia. Mala {tna'-lah) [L. : pi.. Males]. I. The cheek- bone or prominence of the cheek. 2. Plural of Ma- Ihm, the cheek. In biology, one of the inner lobes of the maxilla of certain coleopterous larvae (Schrodte) . Malabar, Leprosy of. Synonym of Elephantiasis arabum. M. Nut. See Adhatoda vasica. M. Ulcer. See Phagedcena tropica. Malacarne, Antrum of. See Antrum. M.'s Pyra- mid, the posterior extremity of the pyramid of the cerebellum. Malachite-green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Malacia [mal-a'-se-ah) [jiaTiaida, a softening]. Any morbid softening of tissue. Also, a depraved appe- tite. M., Amphiblestroicl, softening of the retina. M. cordis. See Myomalacia. M., Halisteretic, malacia characterized by the absorption of the lime- salts of the bones. Malacismus (mal-as-iz' -mus). See Malacia. Malacocataracta (mal-ak-o-kat-ar-ak'-tak) [^aAaxdf, soft ; KaTapaKTTjc, cataract] . A soft cataract. Malacogaster [mal-ak-o-gas' -ter) [jmXaida, a softening ; yacTtip, stomach]. Softening of the gastric walls. A synonym of Gastromalania. Malacoid (mal'-ak-oid) [|Ua/U(C(Sf, soft; dSoQ, form]. In biology, applied to organisms, organs, or tissues of soft texture. Malacology {mal-ak-ol'-o-je) [iiakhiaa, soft-bodied animals ; Tiiysiv, to speak]. In biology, that depart- ment of science that deals with the Mollusca ; con- chology. Malacoma {mal-ak-o' -maK) [uaAa/ciif , soft : //. , Mala- comata']. The softening of any organ or part of the body. Also, a synonym of Molluscum sebaceum. Malacophonous {mal-ak-off' -o-nus) [imkaiU)^, soft ; ^umi, voice]. Soft- voiced. Malacosarcosis [mal-ak-o-sar-ko' -sis) [^a/lo/oif, soft ; crapf, flesh]. Softness of tissues, as of muscle. Malacosis (mal-ak-o' -sis) [jiahiitA^, soft]. The condi- tion distinguished by the abnormal softening of the tissues of any part of the body. Also, the process of malacoma. M. cordis. See Myomalacia. Malacosomous (nial-ak-o-so' -mus) [|iia/la/c.]. A genus of euphorbiace ous plants. M. aipi and M. utilissima afford cas sava and tapioca, q. v. Unof Manihotoxin (man-e-ho-toks' -in) [manihot, manihot To^mdv, poison]. A poisonous, crystalline principle from the root of Manihot utilissima. Manikin (man'-ik-in) [OF., manequin, a puppet]. A model of plaster, ^a/zVr machi, etc., designed to show the anatomy or functions of an animal or organ, espe- cially of a human being. Manila Hemp. See Hemp. Maniluvium (man-il-u' -xie-um) \manus, hand ; lavare, to wash]. A hapd-bath; a wash or lotion for the hands. Manioc (/«o»''-f-o^) [Braz.]. Tiit^Xscai Manihot utilis- sima. M., Sweet (Manihot aipi), used as an esculent vegetable, like potatoes. See Manihot. Manimetrum (man-im-et'-rum) [manus, hand ; jikrpov, measure]. A hand-measure or cheirometer. Maniple (man'-ip-l) [manipulus, from manus, hand]. A handful, or pugil. Maniplies (man-ip-hz'). See Manyplies. Manipulation (man-ip-u-la'-shun) [manipulus, a hand- ful]. The act of doing with the hands ; an operation or experiment in which the hands are particularly em- ployed ; dexterity in such acts. A method of reducing dislocations, hernise, and of treating aneurysms ; mas- sage. Manipulator (man-ip' -u-la-tor) [manipulare, to lead by the hand]. One who manipulates ; a masseur or mas- seuse. M., Amalgam, a dental instrument for introducing amalgam fillings. Manipulus (man-ip' -u-lus) . See Maniple. Manistupration (man-is-tu-pra'-shun). Synonym of Masturbation. Mann's Reagent. See Tests, Table of. Manna (man'-ah) [fi&vva, manna]. The exudation of the flowering ash, Fraxinus ornus, and other trees. Its properties are due to mannite or manna, CgH^Og, sugar, dextrin, and a resinous principle. It is a mild laxative, and may be advantageously combined with rhubarb or magnesium citrate. Dose ,^j-ij. Unof. Manneberg, Streptococcus of. See Bacteria, Syno- nymatic. Table of. Mannid (man' -id) [fiavva, manna], CgHjuO^. A syrupy substance derived from mannite by dehydration. Manniferous (man-if'-er-us) [/mwa, manna ; ferre, to bear]. Producing manna. Mannikin (man'-ik-in). See Manikin. Manning's Splint. A splint used in the treatment of fracture of the patella. Manniparous (man-ip' -ar-us). See Manniferous. Mannitan (man'-it-an) [fidvva, manna], CgH^jOj. A sweet, syrupy substance produced by the action of sulphuric acid on mannite. Mannite (man'-lt). See Manna and Mannitol. Mannitic Acid (man-it'-ik). See Acid. Mannitol (man'-it-ol), Mannite (man'-lt) [iiama, manna], CgHj^Og. A hexahydric alcohol produced in the vinous fermentation of the different varieties of sugar. It is also obtained by extracting manna with alcohol and allowing the solution to crystallize. It forms delicate, colorless needles or rhombic prisms. It is slightly soluble in water, readily so in boiling alcohol. It possesses a very sweet taste and melts at 1 66° C. See Manna. Mannitone (man'-it-Sn) [fiiwa, manna]. A crystal- line isomer of mannitan produced when mannite is heated with water in a sealed tube. Mannitose (man'-it-os) [fi&vva, manna], CgHjjOg. An amorphous substance, isomeric with levulose, but optically inactive, obtained from mannite by oxida- tion. Manno-heptose (man' -o-hep' -toz). See Carbohydrates, Table of. Manno-monose (man'-o-mo'-noz). See Carbohydrates, Table of. Mannonic Acid (man-on'-ik). See Add. Manno-octose (man'-o-ok'-toz). See Carbohydrates, Table of. Mannose (man'-os) [fidvva, manna], C^Hj^Og. The aldehyd of mannitol. It exists in three forms, dextro- mannose, levo-mannose, and inactive mannose. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Manometer (man-om' -et-er) [fmv6^, rare ; fjirpm, meastu-e]. An instrument, in principle similar to a Gaule's Maximum and Minimum Manometer, A, B. (The extremity A is connected with the heart, and B with the mercurial manometer.) barometer, by which the tension of a vapor is mea- sured. It consists essentially of a V-tube partly filled with mercury. It is also used to determine blood- pressure. Manometric (man-o-met'-rik) [nav6i, thin ; /ikpov, measure]. Pertaining to the measurement of atmos- pheric pressure. Manoscope (man'-o-skgp) [/j,av6c, thin ; aiameiv, to view]. An instrument for determining the density of air. Manoscopy (man-os'-ko-pe) [/lavS;, thin ; amnziv, to view]. The estimation of the density of the air. Mansorius (man-so' -re-m) [L.]. The buccinator muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Manstupration (man-stu-pra' -shun). Synonym of Masturbation. Mantle (man'-tl). See Brain-mantle. MANTLE-CELL 727 MARIOTTE'S EXPERIMENT Mantle-cell (?»«»' -/'/-jrf). Same as Tapetal Cell. Manual (tnan'-u-al) [nianus, hand]. Pertaining to the hand. M. -exercise Bone, a small triangular osseous growth occasionally found in soldiers at the tendinous insertion of the left deltoid muscle. It is also called drill-bone. M. Method. See French Method. Manubrial (man-u' -bre-al) \manus, hand]. Pertain- ing to a manubrium. Manubrium {man-u' -bre-um) [L. ,a handle]. In bi- ology, variously applied to handle-like or haft-like structures. M. of Malleus, a vertical process of bone forming the handle-shaped attachment of the malleus of the ear. M. manus, the radius. M. of Sternum, the upper piece of the sternum. Manuduction {man-u-duk' -shuri) ^manus, hand; due- do, a leading]. The operations performed by the hands in surgical and obstetric practice. Manuluvium {man-u-lu'-ve-um). Synoayta oi Mani- luvium. Manure [man-iir') [Ji/iE. , menuren, to manage]. Dung or other substance used to fertilize soil. Manus [ma'-nus) [L.]. The hand. Manustupration (man-u-stu-pra' -shun). See Mastur- bation. Manjrplies {man' -ip-hz) [many ; ply^. In biology, the third compartment in the complicated stomach of a ruminant. It is also called the omasum or psalierium. Manz's Glands. Small flask -shaped depressions occa- sionally seen on the border of the eyelids in man, and commonly in lower animals. Manzanita (tnan-zan-e' -tah) [Sp. .small apple]. The leaves of Arctostaphylos glauca, common to California; they are astringent and tonic with reference to the urinary organs. The drug resembles Vva ursi in pro- perties. Dose of the fld. ext tTLxx-xxx. Unof. Maple {ma'-pl) [ME., mapel, maple]. See Acer. M.- sugar. See Saccharum. Maquer's Salt. A c6mpound known as "super-ar- seniate of potassium." Maranda {mar-an' -dah) [Ceylonese]. A Ceylonese tree belonging to the Myrtaceae, the leaves of which have been used in syphilis. Unof. Maransis {mar-an' -sis). Synonym of Marasmus. Maranta {mar-an' -tah). See Arrowroot. Marantic {mar-an' -tik) {_/MpavTm6g ; fiapaiveiv, to make lean]. Pertaining to marasmus, or to general malnutrition and prostration. M. Clot, a blood-clot produced by slowing of the circulation. M. Throna- bosis, primary thrombosis of the cerebral sinuses in connection with general malnutrition. Maraschino {mar-as-ke' -no) [Sp.]. A liquor made from morello cherries. Marasmatic {mar-az-maf -ik) . Synonym of Marasmic. Marasmic {mar-az' -mik) [/lapaa/idc, decay]. Af- fected with marasmus. Marasmoid {mar-az' -moid) [jiapaafiA^, decay; rfrfof, like]. Resembling or simulating marasmus. Marasmopyra {mar-az-mop'-ir-ah) l/mpaa/i6g, wast- ing; 7rii|0, fire]. Hectic fever. Marasmous (mar-az' -mus). Synonym of Marasmic. Marasmus {mar-az' -mus) [fiapaa/iog ; /xapaivew, to grow lean]. A gradual general deterioration of the mental and physical forces, with marked emaciation. As used popularly it is meant to refer to the wasting of infants. It is generally encountered in hand-raised babes, and is associated with indigestion from improper feeding, congenital syphilis, rickets, or tuberculosis. The children thus affected have a peculiar weazened or senile appearance. In the majority of cases, with proper care the child may be restored to health. Marble-cutter's Phthisis. See Chalicosis. Marc {mark) [Fr., dregs]. A side-product in the manufacture of wines, consisting of the stems, skins, and stones of the grapes. It is used for the purpose of making brandy by fermentation ; with sheet-copper in the manufacture of verdigris; to start the fermen- tation in vinegar-making ; as cattle-food ; when dried, as fuel ; or for fertilizing purposes. The refuse of olives, or of oil-seeds, after the removal of the oil, is- also called marc. Marcescent {mar-ses'-ent) \tiiarcescere , to wither, fade, decay]. In biology, withered or shriveled. March's Disease. Synonym of Exophthalmic Goiter,, q. V. Also see Diseases, Table of. Marchi's Solution. A solution for staining nerve-tis- sues. See Stains, Table of. Marcid {mar'-sid) [marcidus, marcere, to wither]. I. Shrunken ; wasted, z. Accompanied or character- ized by wasting. Marcor {mar'-kor). See Marasmus. Mare [ME., mare, a, horse; an incubus]. I. The female of the horse. 2. The substance remaining after the first distillation of spirits. 3. Oppressed sleep; nightmare. Maremmatic {mar-em-at' -ik) \Maremme, a malarious region of Italy]. Pertaining to very malarious re- gions, especially of Italy. Marennin {mar-en' -in) [niare, the sea]. In biology, Lankester's name for the green coloring-principle ab- sorbed by oysters from diatoms {Navicula ostrearia) in the process of greening. Mareo {mar'-e-o) [Span.]. Mountain sickness. A malady characterized by nausea and violent headache, occasionally overcoming persons who ascend to high altitudes. Margaric Acid {mar-gar' -ik) . See Acids, Table of Patty, Margarin {mar' -gar-in) [/idpyapog, the pearl-oyster]. I . A mixture of olein and palmatin. 2. An artificial substitute for butter. Margarinic Acid {mar-gar-in'-ik). See Acid, Mar- garic. Margaritoma {mar-gar-it-o' -mah) \jj,apryapoQ, the pearl- oyster; b/m, a tumor]. Virchow's term for a true primary cholesteatoma-formation in the auditory canal. Margarone {mar'-gar-on). See Palmitone. Margarous Acid (mar'-^ar-K.r). A synonym of ^czV, Stearic. Marginal {mar'-jin-al) [marginalis, from margo, mar- gin]. Pertaining to the margin or border. M. Con- volution. See Convolutions, Table of. M. Lobe. See Lobe. Marginate {mar' -jin-dt) \marginare, to furnish with a border]. In biology, applied to structures in which the margin is peculiarly distinct. Marginoplasty {mar-jin' -o-plas-te) [margo, margin; vXaaaeLV, to shape]. Plastic surgery of the marginal portion of the eyelid. Margosin {mar' -go-sin) [fiApyapo^, the pearl-oyster]. A bitter alkaloid obtained from Azadirachta indica. Maricolous {mar-ik' -o-lus) [mare, the sea ; colere, to dwell]. In biology, applied to animals or plants in- habiting the sea ; pelagic. Marie's Disease. Akromegaly. See Akromegaly, and Diseases, Table of. Marigold {mdr'-ig-old). See Calendula. Marine-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of Mariotte's Experiment, A device for demonstrating the existence of the blind-spot of the eye, consisting in placing a spot upon a paper at such an angle with the visual axis that the image falls upon the papilla. M.'s Blind-spot, M.'s Spot, the point of entrance of the optic nerve into the fundus of the eye. M.'s Lav^. See Law. MARISCOUS 728 MAS, MASC tAatiscous (mar-is'-ius) [?«arafi"ai(, ulceration]. Synonym of Masthelcosis. Master Tissues. A term applied to the muscular and nervous tissues of the body. Masterwort (mas'-ter-wert). Cow Parsnip. The root of Heradeum lanatum, a stimulant, carminative, and antispasmodic. Dose of the fld. ext. 3J-ij. Unof. See also Imperatoria. Masthelcosis (mas-thel-ko' -sis) [^/laardg, breast ; Qjcuuif, ulceration]. Ulceration of the breast. Mastic {mas'-tik) [mastiche; iiacTlxv, mastic] . The resin flowing from the incised bark of the Pistacia lentiscus. It occurs in pale, yellowish, transparent tears, that are brittle, with conchoidal fracture and balsamic odor, and soften between the teeth. It is soluble in alcohol, oil of turpentine, and acetone. It is used in varnish-mak- ing, and in dentistry as a temporary filling for teeth that have l;)een prepared for their permanent filling. Internally its action is similar to that of the resin of tur- pentine. Dose gr. xx-xl. Mastication [mas-tik-a' -shun) [masticare, to chew]. The process of chewing and of insalivation. Masticatory (mas' -tik-at-o-re) \tnasticare, to chew]. A term applied to remedies or agents designed to be masticated or chewed ; also to agents increasing the flow of saliva. M . Spasm, spasm from irritation of the peripheral or of the central tract of the motor por- tion of the fifth nerve. Mastiche (mas' -li-ke) . See Mastic. Masticot (mas'-tik-ot). Synonym of Massicot. Mastigium (mas-tij' -e-um) \jiaaTi^, a whip : //., Mas- tigia'\. In biology, one of the organs provided with defensive lashes, placed on the posterior extremity of certain lepidopterous larvae. Mastigobranchia (mas-tig-o-brang'-ke-ah) {ji&an^, whip ; /3pd)-;fia, gills]. In biology, the branchial lash of a crustacean. It is synonymous with the epipo- dite and epignathite of Milne-Edwards, and some- times with part of the podobranchite of Huxley and with the apodemata of MacCoy, and the flabellum of old authors. (Bate.) Mastigophoric (mas-tig-o-for' -ik) \ji6.aTi^, whip ; (pdpog, bear]. Same as Mastigophorous . Mastigophorous (mas-tig-off'-o-rus) [^/xaaTiyoijidpoc, bearing a whip]. In biology, flagellate, as certain infusoria or zoospores. Mastigopod (mas-tig' -o-pod) [naari^, a whip ; noi>( (TTod) , foot] . In biology, applied to the ciliated or flagellate stage in the development of certain organ- isms, as the myxomycetes. tUsiSXisosis (mas-tig-o' -sis) \_iJ.aBTiytM!iq,irom /iaariyovv, to whip]. Flagellation as a therapeutic measure. Mastilin [mas' -til-in) [iiaaTixVt mastic]. The resin found in mastic. tlla.st\l\s (mas-ti' -tis)\_iiaBT6c,hreasi; «T(f, inflammation]. Inflammation of the breast. M. neonatorum, mastitis of infants. M., Parenchymatous, inflammation of the proper glandular substance of the breast. M., Retro- mammary, M., Submammary, or Paramastitis, in- flammation of the connective tissue between the gland and the thorax. M., Supra-mammary, inflamma- tion of the superficial connective tissue of the breast. Mastix [mas'-tiks). Synonym of Mastic. Masto-carcinoma (mas-to-kar-sin-o'-mah) [uauTiif, breast; /co/Dftii'w/ia;, carcinoma]. Mammary carcinoma. Masto-chondrosis(OTaj-^tf-^««-ST]q, mas- toid; dAyof, pain]. Pain in the ma.stoid process. Mastodeocentesis (mas-to-de-o-sen-te'-sis) \jm6c, hard] . Scirrhous carcinoma of the mamma. Mastospargosis (mas-to-spar-go' -sis) [jiaarbg, breast ; (T7r(4p7 , meco- nium; poj'a, flow]. A morbidly free discharge of me- conium. Meconiosin (mek-on-i' -o-siii) \jLiiKuiv, poppy]. A neu- tral principle found in opium. Meconious (mek-o' -ne-us) \jii]Kun>, poppy]. Pertaining to meconium. Meconistn {mek' -on-izni) [meconismus ; jUi^Kwi', poppy] . The opium-habit ; opium-poisoning, especially of the chronic kind. Meconium [mek-o' -ne-um) [^/mjk&viov, lit., "poppy- juice"]. The first fecal discharges of the newborn. It is a dark-green, viscid liquid, composed of the secre- tion of the liver with exfoliated epithelium from the bowel. Meconoid (mek'-on-oid). Synonym of Meconioid. Meconoiosin imek-on-oi' -o-sin) [(U^kuv, poppy], CgHj,,- Oj. A derivative of opium, crystalline in character and giving a dark-red color with sulphuric acid. Meconology {mek-on-ol'-o-je) [jiiiKmi, opium ; 7i6yo(, science]. The botany and pharmacology of opium, its allies and derivatives. Meconophagism (mek-on-off'-aj-izni) \jiii»m>, opium; (payelv, to eat]. The habit of opium-eating. Meconophagist (tnek-on-off' -aj-isf) [jiiiKow, opium; (payelv, to eat]. An opium-eater. Medeitis [me-de-i' -tis) [fi'^Ssa, genitals ; in(, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of the genital organs. Media {me'-de-aK) [fem. of medius, middle : pi. of medium'\. The middle coat of an artery, vein, or lymph- vessel. Mediad [me'-de-ad) \medius, middle]. Toward the median plane or line. Medial [?ne'-de-al). See Median. Median [me'-de-an) [medius, the middle]. Middle, mesal, or mesial. M. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. M.Line. See Line. M. Nerve. ?iee Nerves, Table of. M. Operation. See Operations, Table of. M. Plane. See Plane. Mediastinal (me-de-as-ti' -nal) [mediastinum, mediasti- num]. Pertaining to the mediastinum. Mediastinitis {me-de-as-tin-i' -tis) [mediastinum, me- diastinum; (rtf, inflammation]. Inflammation of the cellular tissue of the mediastinum. It is characterized by constant severe pain beneath the sternum, together with dyspnea. Pus may form and give rise to consti- tutional symptoms, and, if in large quantity, to a fluctuating tumor in an intercostal space or above the episternal notch. Mediastino-pericarditis (me-de-as' -tin-o-per-ik-ar-di'- tis) [mediastinum, mediastinum ; ■Kepi, around ; Kapdia, heart; (Tif, inflammation]. Combined inflam- mation of the mediastinum and the pericardium. Mediastinum {me-de-as-ti' -num) [in medio stare, to stand in the middle]. A middle portion or septum separating adjacent parts. The pleural folds or septa extending from the spine to the sternum, and dividing the thoracic cavity into right and left chambers. It is divided into the anterior, the middle, and the posterior mediastinum, and otherwise into an upper (or superior) and a lower mediastinum. M. testis, a cavity in the posterior portion of the testicle formed by a projection inward of the tunica albuginea. It occupies about one-third of the transverse, and one-fourth of the longi- tudinal diameter of the testicle. Mediate [me'-de-at) [medius, the middle]. Indirect. Also applied to the medium interposed between the surface of the body, and the instruments used in percus- sion and auscultation. M. Ligature. See Ligature. M. Percussion, percussion on a pleximeter. Medibasilic Vein {me-de-bas-il'-ik). The median basilic vein. See Vein. Medicable (med'-ik-a-bl) [medicari, to heal]. Amen- able to cure. Medical [med'-ik-al) [medicalis ; medicari, to heal]. Pertaining to medicine, or the healing art. M. Eth- ics, those principles of justice, honor, and courtesy that regulate the intercourse and conduct of physicians. M. Jurisprudence. Ste Jurisprudence. Medicament [med-ik' -am-ent) [medicamentum, from medicari, to heal]. A medicinal substance. Medicamental, Medicamentary {med-ik-am-en' -tal, med-ik-am-en' -ta-re) [medicamentum, from medicari, to heal]. Pertaining to medicine. Medicamentation ( med-ik-am-en-ta' -shun ) [ medica- mentum, a medicine]. Treatment by medicines. Medicamentous [med-ik-am-en' -tus). See Medicinal. Medicamentum ( med-ik-am-en' -turn ) . See Medica- ment. M. arcanum, a proprietary or secret remedy. Medicaster [med' -ik-as-ter) [medicus, a physician]. An ignorant or unskilful physician or pretender; a quack. Medicated [med'- ik-a- ted) [medicatus, medicated]. Treated or impregnated with medicine. Also, purified and made fit for medical use. Medication [med-ik-a' -shun) [medicatio, medication]. Treatment by, or impregnation with, a medicine. M., Hypodermatic, or Hypodermic, treatment by the in- troduction of medicines beneath the skin, usually by means of a hypodermatic syringe. Medicephalic ( me - de - sef- al' - ik) [ medius, middle ; Kt^aXi), head]. Median cephalic. See Vein. Medicerebellar [me-de-ser-e-bel'-ar) [medius, middle; cerebellum, little brain] . Pertaining to the intermediate region of the cerebellum. Medicerebral [me -de- ser' -e- bral) [ medius, middle ; cerebrum, brain]. Pertaining to the central portion of the cerebrum. Medicinal (med-is' -in-al) [medicina, medicine]. Per- taining to, or having the nature of, a medicine. M. Rashes, eruptions on the skin following the internal administration of certain drugs, e. g., bromin and the bromids, iodin and the iodids, belladonna, copaiba, chloral, mercury, quinin, the salicylates, antipyrin and arsenic. Medicine [med'-is-in) [medicina, medicine]. The science and art of preserving health , and preventing and curing disease ; the " healing art," including also the science of obstetrics. In a more restricted sense of the MEDICINER 735 MEDIUS word surgery is excluded. On the European con- tinent it is customary to divide medicine into internal and external, the former implying the restricted sense of the term, or the study of diseases of internal organs, the latter referring to surgery or external dis- eases. The term is applied also to a particular drug or therapeutic application. M., Atomistic, dosimetric medicine. M. -chest, a case or compartment for storing or carrying medicines. M., Clinical, pertain- ing to the study of disease by the bedside of the patient; internal medicine. M., Conservative, a method of treatment with the object of preserving the vital forces, and not by active measures, that endanger the life of the patient ; also used in the ordinary sense of the word as relying upon well understood, or ac- cepted or established methods of treatment, rather than upon new and comparatively untried plans. M., Domestic, the use of domestic remedies. M., Dosi- metric. Ste Dosimetry. M., Bclectic. See Eclectic, M., Empiric. See Empiric. M., Equine, veterinary medicine as applied to the horse. M., Forensic, or M., Legal, the relations of medicine to jurisprudence, involving the diagnosis of insanity, questions in toxicol- ogy, surgery, and the like. M., Neurodynamic, the application of heat and cold to the spine in the treat- ment of certain diseases. M.,-pannier, a pannier used in the United States army for transporting medi- cines. M. Patent, a mixture or compound of sundry drugs for the sale of which the deviser gets a patent from the government. The ordinary so-called patent medicines, however, are not patented, but have only the name copyrighted. M., Pneumatic, the treat- ment of disease by means of compressed and rare- fied air. See Waldenburg's Apparatus. M., Pre- ventive, that which aims at the prevention of disease, in the community as well as in the individual. M., Proprietary. See Medicine, Patent. M., State, medical jurisprudence. M., Veterinary, the science and treatment of the diseases of domestic animals. Mediciner {med-is' -in-er) [medicus, a physician]. A physician. Medicinerea (me-de-sin-e' -re-aK) [medius, middle, and cinereus, ashen]. The gray matter of the claustrum and lenticula of the brain, lying between the cortex or ectocinerea and the entocinerea. Medico-chirurgical {med-ik-o-ki-rur' ■jik-al') \medicus, a physician ; xeipoipyog, a surgeon] . Pertaining con- jointly to medicine and surgery. Medico-legal {med-ik-o-le' -gaC) [medicus, physician; lex, law]. Relating both to medicine and law. Medico-mania (med-ik-o-ma' -ne-nK) [medicus, physi- cian; iJtavia, madness]. Morbid interest or zeal in medical matters exhibited by non-professional persons. Medicommissure (me-de-kom' -is-ur) [medius, middle ; commissura, commissure]. The middle commissure of the third ventricle. The junction of the mesal surfaces of the thalami. It is in a direct line between the porta and the aqueduct, and just dorsad of the aulix. It consists mainly of cells, and is so soft as commonly to be torn during the removal of the brain. Medico-pneumatic [med-ik-o-nu-maf -ik) [medicus, physician ; irvAfm, air]. Relating to pneumatic medi- cine. Medico-psychologic {med-ik-o-si-ko-loj' -ik) [medicus, physician; il^xv, ^^^'t /IfSyof, science]. Pertaining to medico-psychology. Medico-psychology {med-ik-o-si-kol'-o-je) [medicus, physician ; ipvxo%6-/ia, the science of the mind]. Psy- chologic medicine ; the study of mental diseases, Medicornu {me-de-kor'-nu) [medius, middle; cornu, horn]. The middle horn of the lateral ventricle. Medicus {med'-ik-us) [L.]. A physician. Medifurca {me-de-fur' -kah) [medius, middle; furca, fork : pi. , Medifurcce\ . In biology, the middle, forked apodeme that projects into the thoracic cavity of an insect from the sternal wall of the somite. Medina-worm {me-di' -nah-werni). See Filaria medin- ensis under Parasites {^Animal) , Table of. Medio -bilateral (me-de-o-bi-lat'-er-al) [medius, mid- dle ; bis, twice ; latus, side] . Pertaining to the mid- dle and to both sides. Medio-carpal {me - de - o - kar' -pal ) [medius, middle ; carpus, carpus].- Pertaining to the articulation be- tween the two rows of carpal bones. Medio-colic (me-de-o-koV -ik) [medius, middle ; Kukov, colon]. Pertaining to the middle portion of the colon. Medic-dorsal {rne -de-o- dor' - sal) [medius, middle ; dorsutn, back]. Both median and dorsal; on the mesial line of the back. Medio-frontal (me-de-o-frun'-tal) [medius, raiAiXe; frons, forehead]. Pertaining to the middle of the forehead. Medio-lateral (me-de-o-laf -er-al) [medius, middle ; latus, side]. Pertaining to the middle and to one side. Medio-occipital {me-de-o-ok-sip'-it-al) [medius, mid- dle ; occiput, occiput] . Pertaining to the middle portion of the occipital region. Medio-pontine (me-de-o-pon'-tiri) [medius, middle; pons, bridge]. Pertaining to the central portion of the pons. Medio-tarsal [me-de-o-tar' -sal) [medius, middle ; tar- sus, tarsus]. Pertaining to the middle articulation of the tarsal bones. Medipectus [me-de-pek'-tus). Same as Mesostemum. Medipeduncle (me-de-pe-dung'-kl) [medius, middle; pedunculus, peduncle]. The middle peduncle of the cerebellum ; the lateral intermediate continua- tion of the cerebellum to the pons. It is the largest of the three peduncles of the cerebellum, and is mainly continued from the lateral lobe of the latter. Mediscalenus [me-de-ska-le'-nus) [medius, middle; OKaTi^dg, scalene, oblique]. Synonym of Scalenus medius ; see Muscles, Table of. Medisect {nie-de-sekt') [medius, middle; secure, to cut]. To make a medisection, q. v. Medisection {me-de-sek' -shuri) [medius, middle ; sectio, from secare, to cut] . Section of the body, or of any symmetric part, at the median longitudinal antero-pos- terior plane. See Position and Direction, Table of. Medisternum [me-de-ster'-num). Synonym of Mesa- sternum. Mediterranean Fever. See Fever. Meditriceps (me-de-trV -seps) [medius, m\&.^e; rpeig, three ; KsipaXii, head]. The middle or long head of the triceps muscle. Medium [me'-de-um) [medius, Ae middle; pi., Media']. That in which anything moves or through which it acts. In medicine, the sum of conditions by which a patient is surrounded, especially those of light, tem- perature, and ventilation. Also, a person subject to hypnotizing influence. M., Culture. See Media, Nutrient. M. of the Eye, the refracting structures from the anterior surface of the cornea to the retina. M., Fluid, any liquid nutrient substance, such as bouillon, milk, and the like. M., Mounting. See Mounting-media. M., Nutrient, the substances used in bacteriologic studies for the cultivation of micro- organisms. See M., Fluid, and M., Solid. M., Solid, any solid nutrient substance for the cultivation of bac- teria, as gelatin, agar-agar, potato, and the like. Mediumism (me' -de-um-izm) [medius, the middle]. Hypnotism. Medius [me'-de-us) [meditts, middle]. The middle. MEDOBLENNORRHEA 736 MEGACEPHALIC Medoblennorrhea {me-do-blen-or-e' -aK). Synonym of Gonorrhea and Gleet. Medorrhea (me-dor-e' -alC) \jiri&ea, genitals ; /loi'a, a flow]. A discharge from the reproductive organs. M. urethralis, gonorrhea. M. virilis, gonorrhea of the male urethra. Medorrhoic {me-dor-o' -ik) [^iiSea, genitals ; jioia, flow]. Pertaining to medorrhea. Medulla (me-dul'-ah) [L., marrow]. A fatty sub- stance or marrow occupying certain cavities. Also the central parts of certain organs, as distinguished from the cortex. ?istAlba. M. of Bone, bone-mar- row. M. dorsalis. See M. spinalis. M. of Hair, the central portion or core of the hair. M. of Nerve- fiber, the myelin or white substance of Schwann. M. oblongata, the upper enlarged part of the spinal cord, extending from the cord opposite the foramen mag- num to the pons Varolii. M., Renal, the substance of the renal pyramids. M. spinalis, M. vertebralis, the spinal cord or marrow ; the myelon. ■ri\ Dorsal Aspect of Medulla Oblongata. I. Gray matter surrounding central canal. 2. Orifice of this canal. 3. Median fissure. 4. Its upper extremity. 5. Gra>;- ish-white matter giving origin to hypoglossal nerve. 6. Emi- nentia teres. 7. Prominence corresponding to nucleus 01 6th nerve. 7'. Nucleus of 3d nerve. 8. Gray column giving origin to mixed nerves. 10. Third ventricle and posterior commissure. Medullar (me-dul'-ar). Synonym of Medullary. Medullary (nied' -ul-a-re , or med-ul' -a-re) \ntedulla, marrow] . Pertaining to the medulla or to marrow ; resemblmg marrow. Also, pertaining to the white sub- stance of the brain contained within the cortical envelop of gray matter. M. Canal, the hollow in- terior of long bones, in which the marrow lies. M. Carcinoma, a soft carcinoma very rich in cells ; en- cephaloid carcinoma. M. Groove, a longitudinal groove at the anterior part of the embryonal shield of the blastoderm. M. Membrane, the areolar envelop of the marrow of the long bones. M. Plates. See Plate. M. Rays. I. Also called Pyramids of- Ferrein ; series or bundles of parallel tubules ex- tending from the medulla of the kidney into the cortex. 2. Rays of fundamental tissue that con- nect the pith with the cortex, and separate the fibro- vascular bundles, in the stems of dicotyledons and gymnosperms. M. Sarcoma, a soft, round-celled sarcoma. M. Sheath, I. the semi-fluid, fatty, white matter between the enveloping sheath and the central axis-cylinder, or essential part of a nerve. 2. A sheath composed of spiral ducts and wood-cells sur- rounding the pith, in dicotyledons and gymnosperms. M. Tube, the closing of the medullary groove, form- ing a closed medullary or neural tube. M. Velum. See Velum. Medullated {nied^-ul~a-ted) \j71edulla, marrow]. Con- taining or covered by medulla or marrow. M. Nerve-fibers, nerve-fibers provided with a medullary sheath, the myelin or white substance of Schwann. Non-M. Nerve-fibers, nerve-fibers not possessing a medullary sheath. Medullic Acid {med-ul' -ik) [niedulla, marrow], Cjj- HjjOj. A monobasic acid derived from beef-fat. tlle&a\\ifica.tior). [med-ul-if-ik-a'-shun] [medulla, mar- row ; facers, to make] . The formation of medulla. Medullin(»zfij'-«/'-;'»)[ff2fa'«//o, marrow], i. A variety of cellulose obtained from the pith or medulla of cer- tain plants. 2. An extract derived from the spinal cord. Medulli- spinal [med-ul-e-spi' -nal) [niedulla, marrow ; spinalis, spinal]. Relating to the myelon or spinal marrow ; my clonic. Medullitis {med-ul-i' -tis) [medulla, marrow; (nf, in- flammation]. I. Inflammation of marrow. 2. Myelitis. MeduUization {med-ul-iz-a' -s/iun) [medulla, marrow]. Softening of bone-tissue in the course of osteitis. Medullo-arthritis [med-ul-o-ar-thri'-tis) [medulla, marrow; opflpov, joint ; mg, inflammation]. Inflam- mation of the marrow-elements of the cancellated articular portion of a bone. Medullo-cell (tned-uV -o-set) [medulla, marrow ; cellula, cell]. A marrow- cell. MeduUo-encephalic [med-ul' -o-en-sef-al'-ik) [medulla, marrow; ey/cli^aAdf, brain]. Pertaining to the med- ulla and the encephalon ; myelo-encephalic. Medusa [me-du'-sah) [M-kSovaa, one of the Gorgons]. Jelly-fish. M.'sHead. ?,&e. Medusa Caput. Med- usae Caput, an extensive dilatation of the superficial veins of the abdomen about the umbilicus, seen in certain cases of portal obstruction. The condition largely depends upon the establishment of the venous collateral circulation through an anastomosis of the mesenteric veins and those of the abdominal walls, and, occasionally, also upon a patulousness of the um- bilical vein. Meerschaum [mir' -shawm') [Ger. , "sea-foam"], MgjHjSijO,,. A native hydrated magnesium silicate ; locally used in the same way as bole, or cimolian earth ; it is a good absorbent application. Mega-, Megalo- [meg'-ah-, meg'-al-o-)[fiiyag: gen., jj.ry&'kov]. A prefix signifying large ; also, indicating a unit one million times as great as the unit to which it is prefixed. Megabacteria {rneg' -ah-bak-te' -re-ah) [jiiyag, large ; fiaKT^ipiov, bacterium]. Large bacteria; a group of the coccobacteria. Megacephalia {meg-ah-sef-a'-le-ah) [fityai,\«igf, KeipaX^, head]. The megacephalic condition. Megacephalic (meg-ah-sef-al'-ik), Megacephalous (meg-as-ef'-al-us) [fikyag, large; Ks^ak^, head]. A term applied to a skull whose capacity (measured by filling with shot through the foramen magnum) exceeds 1450 c.c. If less than 1350 it is called micro- cephalic.- if between these numbers, mesocephalic. MEGACERUS 737 MEIBOMIAN Megacenis {nieg-as' -er-us) [/i^yaf , large ; tdpaq, horn]. Large-homed ; having large antennae. Megacheilus {meg-ah-ki' -lus) \jit/ai;, large ; ;i;^iAof , lip]. Large -lipped. Megacoccus (meg-ah-kok' -us) \jikyaq, large ; Kdiacoi, a berry]. A large-sized coccus. Megadont (meg'-ah- sight]. An apparent increase in the size of objects, ascribed to changes in the retinal end-organs, and to spasm of accommodation . Megaloscope (meg' -al-o-skop) \jiiya^, great ; cicoTrelv, to inspect]. A magnifying endoscope or speculum. Megaloscopy (meg-al-os' -ko-pe) [fikyaq, large; CKonelv, to inspect]. Inspection by means of the megaloscope. Megalosplanchnos (meg-al-o-splangk'-nos) [fityag, large ; anT^ayxvov, viscus]. Possessing large viscera, especially a large liver. Megalosplenia (vieg-al- o-sple' -ne-ah) \_piry(iQ, great; cwXi/v, spleen] . . Enlargement of the spleen. Meganucleus (meg-ah-nu' -kle-us) \jiiyai;, large ; nu- cleus, a kernel]. In biology, Maupas' term for the macronucleus, nucleus, or endoblast, of authors. Megaphone (meg' -ah-fon) [//^yac, great ; ^uv^, sound]. An instrument used for assisting the hearing of the deaf, by means of large reflectors of the sound-waves. Megasclere (meg' -ah-siler)[iieyag, great, large ; aic?i?ip6g, hard]. In biology, one of the large, skeletal spicules of a sponge, as distinguished from a microsclere. Megascope (meg' -ah-skop) \jikyai;, large ; cKOTzz'iv, to in- spect] . A microscope for examining objects of com- ■ paratively large size. Megascopic (meg-ah-skop' -ik). See Macroscopic. Megaseme (meg' -ah-slm) [jikyaQ, great ; af/ixa, sign, in- dex]. See Index. Megaspore (meg'-ah-spor) \_iiiyag, great, large ; ajrdpog, seed]. Same as Macrospore. Megasthenic (meg-ah-sthen' -ik) \ji.eyaq, large ; aBkvog, strength]. Powerful; having great bodily strength. Megastoma (meg-ah-sto' -maK) \jikya<;, large ; arifia, mouth]. A genus of infusorians. M. entericum, M. intestinale, a species found in the intestinal canal of the cat and of certain mice, and in human feces. It is probably identical with Cercomonas intestinalis. Megastomatous (meg-ah-sto'-mat-us). Synonym of Macrostomatous . Megavolt (meg' -ah-voli). See Electric Units. Megazoospore (meg-az-o' -o-spor) \jiiyaq, great ; f^ov, animal; ffTrdpof, seed]. Same as MacrozoSspore. Meglin's Pills. Pills used in the treatment of neural- gia. They contain extract of hyoscyamus, oxid of zinc, and extract of valerian, each ^ of a grain. Megohm (meg' -dm) l/tiyac, great; ohm']. An electric unit equal to one million ohms. Megrim (me'-grim or meg'-rim) [Fr., migraine; L., hemicrania']. Neuralgia or headache of one-half of the head or upon one side, sometimes attended by aphasic and visual symptoms and sensory disturbance. See Hemicrania and Migraine. Mehu's Test. See Tests, Table of. Meibomian (mi-bo' -me-an) \_Meibomius, a German physician]. Pertaining to Heinrich Meibom, or Mei- bomius, a German physician, 1638-1700. M. Cyst, a cyst of the Meibomian gland. M. Glands, the se- baceous glands of the eyelids, each having an excre- tory duct opening at the free border. Their secretion MEIBOMIUS 738 MELANCHkuus prevents the tears from coining in contact with the akin. There are from 30 to 40 in the upper and from 20 to 30 in the lower lid. The Lacrymal and Meibomian Glands, and Adjacent Organs of the Eye. I, I. Inner wall of orbit. 2, 2. Inner portion of orbicularis palpebrarum. 3, 3. Attachment to circumference of base of orbit. 4. Orifice for transmission of nasal artery. 5. Muscle of Horner (tensor tarsi). 6, 6. Meibomian glands. 7, 7. Orbital portion of lacrymal gland. 8, 9, 10. Palpebral por- tion. II, II. Mouths of excretory ducts. 12, 13. Lacrytnal puncta. Meibomius, Cyst of, a cyst of a Meibomian gland. M., Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of. M., Glands of. See Gland. Meigs's Capillaries. Capillaries penetrating the muscle-fibers of the heart. See Capillary. M.'s Formula or Mixture, an artificial food closely ap- proaching in composition that of human milk. It con- sists of 10 c.c. of cream, 5 c.c. of milk, 10 c.c. of lime-water, 15 c.c. of water, and 2.2 grams of milk- sugar. It is alkaline in reaction, and is composed of ■88.42 parts water, n.58 parts total solids, 4 parts fat, I. II parts albuminoids, 6.26 parts sugar and 0.21 part ash. "Meio- (mi'-o-). For words thus beginning, see Mio-. Meissner {mls'-ner). A German anatomist. M., Corpuscles of. See Corpuscles, Tactile, of Wagner. M.'s Ganglia. Ste Ganglia, Table of. M.'s Method, a method of inducing premature labor by puncturing the membranes close up to the fundus of the womb to permit of gradual escape of the liquor amnii. M., Plexus of, a plexus of nerves found in the sub- mucous layer of the small intestine. See Plexus. Mel [L.]. Honey. The substance deposited in the honeycomb by the common honey-bee, Apis mellifica, and a few other hymenopterous insects. It consists of a solution of cane-sugar and grape-sugar, with color- ing and odorous matters. It is emollient, nutritive, and often laxative, its properties depending mainly on the character of the l^owers from which it is taken. It is an excellent vehicle for expectorant gargles, etc. M. boracis, honey of borax; 64 grains of borax to the ounce of honey. M. despumatum, clarified honey, prepared by heating, skimming, and straining the natural product. M. rosae, honey of rose; red rose 8, clarified honey 92 parts, dilute alcohol, g. s. It is used locally as a gargle. Melada {tnel-a' -dak) [Sp., fem. of melar, candy]. A moist brown sugar, produced like the muscovado, but not drained free of molasses. Melagra {mel-a'-grah) [/i^^of, limb ; aypa, seizure]. Pain or gout in the limbs. Melain [mel'-a-in) [jieXa;, black]. I. The coloring- principle of sepia. 2. A synonym of Melanin. Melaleuca [mel-al-u'-kah). See Cajuput. Melalgia (mel-al' -je-ah) \jit7Mq, limb ; akyoc,, pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the extremities. Melam(»«i?/'-aOT)[|Uftof , black ; ammonia\,Q,^^.^^. A complex cyanid, formed on rapidly heating * CNSNHj to 200° C. with ammonium chlorid ; it * is a granular powder, of a yellow color, insoluble 1> in water, ^j Melamin(»«f/'-aia, a flow]. Synonym of Melena. Also, a genus of the Anacardiacese. M. usitata, M. usitatissima, the black-varnish tree. iA€\.a.'ao-sa.TCOvaa.(mel-an-o-sar-ko'-mah) [|U^/laf, black ; c&p^, flesh ; bfjui, tumor]. Melanotic sarcoma. Melano-scirrhus (mel-an-o-skir'-us) [/J^/laf, black; aiappdg, hard]. A form of scirrhous carcinoma char- acterized by pigmentation. Melanose (mel'-an-os) l/ieMvaaig, a becoming black]. A disease of grape-vines caused by the fungus 5.?/- toria pelina. Melanosis (mel-an-o' -sis)\_iik')tai, black ; viiffof, disease]. A general tendency to the formation in the blood, and the deposition in the skin, or in organs, of a dark pig- ment. M. lenticularis progressiva. ^& Xeroderma pigmentosum. Melanosity (mel-an-os' -it-e) [/i£^Ci black ; vSaog, dis- ease]. The condition of being melanous ; darkness, as of hair, eyes, or skin. Melanospongus (mel-an -o - spon'-gus). Synonym of Melar->^^ ,yces. Melano / is (mel-an-o-than' -at-os). See Plague. Melanotio^^ .j^c-an-ot'-ik) [//^Aaf, black; vdffof, disease] . Pertaining to melanosis. Melanotrichous (mel-an-ot'-rik-us) [|UiAnf, black ; Spj'f, hair]. Black -haired. Melanous (mel'-an-us) [/icAaf (jieXaV), black]. In ethnology, applied to races with black hair and dark- brown or blackish skins. One of the two divisions of the Melanochroi according to Huxley's classification. Cf. Xanthomelanous. Melanuresis (mel-an-u-re'-sis), Melanuria (mel-an-u'- re-ah) [/i£/laf, black ; ovpov, urine]. The presence of black pigmentary substance in the urine, or the dis- order associated with it. Melanotic tumors are in some way related to this condition. Melanuric (mel-an-u' -rik) [p-ilaQ, black ; ovpnv, urine]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, melanuria. Melanurin (/Kf/-(7«-»'-n«) [|Uttaf, black ; oipoi', urine] . A dark pigment found in the urine in melanuria ; it is sometimes associated with the presence in the body of melanotic tumors. Melas (mel'-as) \ji.k?ui(, black]. Black. Melasicterus (mel-as-ik' -ter-us) [/K^/lof, black ; "iKTepoi, jaundice]. Same as Melanicterus. Melasma (mel-az' -mah) [fii'kaQ, black]. Any morbid, dark discoloration of the skin. M., Suprarenal. Same as Addison's Disease. M. Addisonii, Addi- MELASMIC 740 MELLIN'S FOOD son's disease. M. palpebrarum, the pigmentation about the eyelids observed in pregnancy and in cer- tain nervous disorders. M. uterinum, melasma due to uterine disease. Melasmic {mel-az' -mik) [jikTMq, black]. Pertaining to or characterized by melasma. Melastearrhea [mel-as-te-ar-e' -aK). Synonym of Chro- midrosis. tAslatiophy {mei-ai'-ro-/e) [/i^of, limb; arpo^ia, lack of nutrition]. Wasting of the limbs. Melaxanthous {mel-aks-an' -thus) [^^Aaf , black ; ^avBdg, yellow]. Black and yellow. ' Meldometer [mel-dom' -et-er) \_jii7£uv, to melt ; fiiTpav, measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the melting- points of metals, minerals, and other substances. Meleagra [mel-e-a'-grah). Synonym of Melagra. Melebiose [mel-eb' -e-os) \jiA'kL, honey], C^^Hj^Oj;. One of the sugars produced in the hydrolysis of melitriose. See Carhohydrates , Table of. Meleguetta Pepper. See Grains of Paradise. Melem [mel'-em) [fxtXa^, black], CgHjNjo. A complex cyanid. Melena {mel-e' -nah) \jd\ag, black]. The evacuation of tar-like stools due to the presence therein of altered blood. It is met with in a number of diseases, and often follows a profuse attack of hemoptysis. Also, a name given to the so-called black vomit. M. cholsea, same as Melanicterus . M. neonatorum, an extravasation of blood into the stomach and intestines of the new- born infant, occurring most often in the first few hours of life. It is due to duodenal ulcer, hemophilia, or some congenital defect increasing the intra-abdominal blood-pressure. Melenagogue (mel-en'-ag-og) [melcena; /liAog, black ; ayuydg, leading]. A remedy for, or medicine useful in, melena. M.elene [meF -In) [mel, honey], CgpHg,,. An alkylen or olefin obtained from ordinary wax ; it melts at 62° C. Melenemesis hnel-en-em' -es-is) \ji£ka^, black ; s/xEdig, vomiting]. Black vomit. Melenic (niel-en' -ik) {jjiiVi^, black]. Pertaining to melena. Meleno-diarrhea [mel-en-o-di-ar-e' -ah). Synonym of Melena. Melenorrhagia [mel-en-or-a'-je-ah). Synonym of Melena. \ Melezibiose {mel-ez-ib'-e-os), Melezitose (ikel-ez'-ii-ds) [Fr. , melize, larch], CjjHj^Ois + ^H^O. A carbo- hydrate that occurs in the juice of Pinus larix, afid closely resembling cane-sugar. It is distinguished from the latter by its greater rotatory power, and in not be- ing so sweet to the taste. It melts at 148° F. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Melia (me'-le-ah). See Azedirach. Meliastnus [me-le-az' -mus). Synonym of Glanders. Melibiose {mel-i¥-e-os). Synonym of Melebiose. Melicera, Meliceris [mel-is-e^-rah, mel - is - e^ - ris) [jirjliKripLQ ; /i^^f, honey ; Ktipdg, wax]. Honey-cyst. A term loosely applied to any cystic tumor whose con- tents have a honey-like appearance ; a cyst that has undergone colloid degeneration, the contents be- ing changed into a more or less hyaline, thick, honey- like liquid. See Molluscum contagiosum. Meliceria (tnel-is-e'-re-ah) [^u^Ae, honey ; (07p(if, wax]. The thick gelatinous substance found in certain tumors. Meliceric (mel-is-er' -ik) \jik'ki, honey; Kijpd^, wax]. Pertaining to meliceris. Meliceroma (inel-is-er-o'-mah). Synonym of Meliceris. Melicerous [mel-is'-er-us). Synonym of Meliceric. Melicerum (mel-is-e' -rum) . See Meliceris. Melichrous (mel' -ik-rus) [/i^/l(, honey ; ;tf/)(!)f, color]. Honey-colored. Melilot [mel'-il-ot) [/ie/lj, honey ; Auriif, lotus]. Any plant of the genus Melilotus. Melilotic Acid (mel-il-ot'-ik). See Acid. Melilotus (niel-il-o'-tus) \_iik'ki, honey; "kuriq, lotus]. A genus of leguminous herbs. M. officinalis, yel- low melilot and other species (M. ccerulea, and other varieties) are official in various European countries. Melilotus is diuretic, anodyne, and expectorant. It contains Coumarin, q. v. ; the powdered leaves are used in Switzerland for flavoring Chapziger cheese. Melinephidrosis [mel-in-ef-id-ro' -sis) [jj.^7[,Lvog, quince- colored ; iiplSpuaiQ, perspiration] . The excretion of a yellow sweat. It occurs in several infectious fevers in which the blood is profoundly altered, in jaundice, and after the excessive ingestion of rhubarb. Meliphagous (mel-if -ag-us) [/i^At, honey ; ^^^ 1.89. Mellita (ot^/-?'-/(1',4) [jii^t, honey]. Pharmaceutic pre- parations known as honeys. They consist of honey, either natural, clarified, or flavored. There are three officinal mellita. Mellitaemia [mel-ii-e' -me-ah) . See Melitemia. Mellite [mel'-it). See Mellitic Acid. Mellithemia [mel-ith-e' -me-aK). See Melitemia. Mellitic Acid (mel-it'-ik). See Acid. Mellituria (mei-it-u'-re-aK). See Melituria. Mellivorous (mel-iv' -o-rus) \mel, honey ; vorare, to devour] . In biology, feeding upon honey ; melipha- gous. Mellogen (mel'-o-jen) \jiii7a, honey ; yevvav, to produce], CjiHjOj. An amorphous, shiny substance obtained in the electrolysis of distilled water. It is infusible, solu- ble in hot water and in alkalies, insoluble in most min- eral acids and other solvents ; it possesses coloring properties. Mellon [mel^-on), C3H3N9. A complex cyanid pro- duced on igniting ammonium sulphocyanid, melam, and other substances. It is a yellow insoluble powder. Mellonic Acid (mel-on' -ik) . Synonym of Mellon, and also of Hydromellonic Acid. Mellophanic Acid (mel-o-fan' -ik\ See Acid. Melocactus (mel-o-kak'-tus) [fiipLOV, melon ; /cd/crof , prickly plant]. A genus of the cactus family [Cac- taceee). M. communis, melon thistle, Turk's cap, Englishman's or Pope's head. A West Indian species possessing edible fruits. It is expectorant and anti- syphilitic. Melocampyle {mel-o-kam' -pit) [yA'h)^, limb ; Kafmiihi, crooked staff]. Deformity of the limbs from bending. Melodidymus [mel-o-did' -im-us) [jiiTM^, limb ; diSv/wg, double]. A monstrosity with double limbs. Melo- didymi are twins united by the limbs. Melomania (mel-o-ma' -ne-ah") \jik'h.oi, song; jiavia, madness] . Inordinate devotion to music. Melomaniac (mel-o-ma'-ne-ak) [/ie/lo?, song; fiavia, madness] . One who is affected with melomania. Melomelia {mel-o-me' -le-ah). See Melomelus. Melomelus \mel-om' -el-us) [lU^Aof, limb]. Melomelia; a form of double monster in which rudimentary limbs are attached at the point pf junction of the normal limbs. Meloncus [mel-ong'-kus) {ja^lov, cheek; byKog, tumor]. A tumor of the cheek. Melon-seed Bodies. Gelatinous bodies, somewhat resembling melon-seeds, found in joints and tendon- sheaths. The method of their origin is in dispute. They are also known as rice-like bodies. Meloplastic (mel-o-plas' -tik) \_jjiijM)v, cheek; irXdaauv, to form]. Pertaining to raeloplasty. Meloplasty {mel' -o-plas-te) [fiijXov, cheek; vrytAaaeiv, to form]. The operation of engrafting or forming a new growth of tissue upon the cheek, in repair of an injury. Melos {me'-los) \ji£%oc, a limb]. Limb. Melosalgia {mel-os-al'-je-ak). See Melalgia. Meloschisis (mel-os'-kis-is) [jifjTiov, cheek; (r;fJmf, cleft]. A congenital cleft of the cheek. Melosis (me-lo' -sis) \_fiifkn, probe]. The process of probing. Melotridymus {mel-o-trid' -im-us) [/i£/lof, limb; rpl/iv- fiog, threefold]. A fetal monstrosity with three pairs of limbs. Melotris (mel-o' -tris) \jiilh], probe; oif, ear]. An aural probe. Melt [ME., melten, to melt], i. To liquefy by means of heat. 2. The spleen of animals. More properly milt, q. v. Melting [melt'-ing) [ME., melten, to melt]. Liquefy- ing by means of heat. M. -point, the degree of temperature at which solids pass into the liquid state. Melustum {mel-us' -turn) \mel, honey; ustum, from were, to horn']. Molasses. Memba Yaw (mem'-bah yaw) [for remember-ya.vi'^. A yaw or frambesial excrescence occurring long after the primary attack of the yaws is over. See Ya^vs. Member [mem'-ber) [membrum, a limb]. A part of the body, especially a projecting part, having a distinct function, as the legs, the arms, the tail, the penis. M., Abdominal, one of the hind or lower limbs. M., Pelvic, M., Posterior, one of the hind or lower limbs. M., Thoracic, one of the fore or upper limbs. M., Virile, the penis, Membra {mem'-brah) [L.]. Plural of Membrum. Membral {niem'-bral) \membrum, limb]. Pertaining to a limb or member. Membrana (tnem-bra' -nah) [h.:pl., Membrante]. A membrane. M. adiposa, the subcutaneous fatty layer. M. adventitia, the adventitia ; also, the decidua re- ilexa. M. agnina, the amnion. M. anterioris elastica. See Lamina, Elastic. M. basilaris. See Lamina basilaris. M. caduca, the decidua. M. capsularis, a. capsular ligament. M. carnosa: i. The platysma myoides. 2. The dartos. M. cellulosa ; I. The decidua. 2. Adipose tissue. M. ceratodes, the cornea. M. coronae ciliaris, zonule of Zinn. M. coronoides, the iris. M. corticalis, the vitelline membrane. M.crassa, the decidua reflexa. M.crib- riformis, the decidua. M. cribrosa: I. The decidua vera. 2. The septum crurale. M. decidua. See Decidua. M. dentata, the ligamentum denticulatum. See Ligament. M. dermatodes, the dura. M. ex- terna, the vitelline membrane. M. filamentosa, the decidua reflexa. M. flaccida. See ShrapnelFi Membrane. M. foraminalis, the iris. M. ger- minativa, the blastoderm. M. granulosa, the layer of small polyhedral cells within the theca foUiculi oi the Greiatian follicle. M. intermedia, the mesoblast; also, the layer of gelatinous tissue between the amnion and chorion. M. intestinalis, the allantois, q. v. M. Jacobi. See Membrane, Jacob's. M. laminosa, the membrane covering the fetal surface of the placenta after removal of the amnion. It is the atrophied allan- tois. M. limitans, the limiting layer of the retina. There are two of these, the interna and externa, which are derived from either extremity of the fibers of Miiller. M. limitans interna, applied by His to the layer formed in the developing spinal cord by the ental or central ends of the spongioblasts which later become the endyma. M. localis, the pia. M media, the endochorion, q. v. M. media cerebri, the arachnoid. M. meduUaris, the endyma. M mollis, the pia. M% neurium, the epineurium q. V. M. nictans, M. nictitans. See Membrane, Nictitating. M. pellucida, the amnion, q. v. M pigmenta, the uvea iridis. M. prolifera, the bias todermic membrane. M. proligera. S}ee iHscM pro- ligerus. M. propria, the delicate membrane upon which the epithelium of membranes, especially mucous membranes, rests ; the basement membrane. M. propria cerebri, the pia. M. pupillaris. See Membrane, Pupillary. M. putaminis, the second- ary envelop of a bird's egg; a fibrous mem- brane secreted in successive laminae, covering the entire egg and albumen. M. pyogena. See Mem- brane, Pyogenic. M. quadrangularis, a fibrous membrane extending from the epiglottis to the aryte- noid cartilages, as far as the free edge of the ary-epi- MEMBRANACEOUS 742 MEMBRANE glottic folds. M. ruyschiana, the middle or capillary layer of the choroid. M. semilunaris conjunctivae. See Membrane, Nictitating. M. serotina, that part of the decidua which enters into the formation of the placenta. M. sinuosa, M. spongiosa, the decidua. M. tectoria, a delicate membrane of the internal ear, extending from the upper lip of the limbus above the sulcus spiralis and the organ of Corti as far as the last row of the outer hair- cells. It is also known as Corti's membrane. M. tensa, the tympanic mem- brane proper, exclusive of Shrapnell's membrane. M. tenuis, the arachnoid. M. tympani. See Mem- brane, Tympanic. M. t3rnipani, Artificial. See Membrane, Tympanic. M. tympani secundaria. See Membrane, Secondary Tympanic. M. urinaria, the allantois. M. vasculosa cerebri, the pia. M. vibrans. Synonym of M. tensa. M. virginalis, the hymen. M. vocalis, the portion of the laryngeal mucosa investpg the vocal bands. Membranaceous {mem-bran-a' -ce-us) \_membranaceus , from membrum, member]. Pertaining to, consisting of, or of the nature of, a membrane. Membrane (mem'-bran) \tnembrana, from membrum, member]. In anatomy, a term applied to almost any thin, enveloping or lining substance. In the plural it usually signifies the fetal membranes. M., Adven- titious. See Adventitia. M., Albugineous. See Albuginea. M., Amphiblestroi'd, the retina. M., Animal, a membrane made from animal tissues, used in dialyzing; also, in the plural, the fetal membranes. M., Arachnoid. See Arachnoid. M. of Arnold, the pigmented layer of the iris. M. of Ascherson. See M., Haptogenous. M., Bacillar. See M., Jacob's. M., Basement or Basal, in histology, a delicate membrane, made up of flattened cells, and underlying the epithelium of the mucous surfaces. M.-bone, any bone that originates, not in cartilage, but in mem- brane, such as some of the cranial and facial bones. M., Bowfman's. See Bowman. M. of Bruch, a thin, transparent, homogeneous membrane, the external or vitreous lamina of the choroid of the eye. M., Caducous, the decidua. M., Cell, the mem- brane surrounding a cell ; the cell-wall. M. of CoTti. See Membrana tectoria. M., Costo-cora- coid, a dense layer of fascia extending between the subclavius muscle and the pectoralis minor, and form- ing the anterior portion of the sheath of the axillary vessels. M., Crico-thyroid, the triangular mem- brane connecting the thyroid and cricoid cartilages of the larynx. M., Croupous. See M., Diphtheric. M., Debove's, a deep, germinal layer of flattened cells in the mucosa of the trachea and extra- pulmonary bronchi. M. of Descemet. See Descemet's Membrane. M., Diphtheric, a fibrinous layer formed on the surface of mucous membranes and extending downward for a variable depth. It is due to a process of coagulation-necrosis. The most com- mon cause of its formation is the bacillus of diph- theria; irritant poisons also may produce it. M., Drum. Synonym of the tympanic membrane. M., Elastic, a membrane largely composed of elastic fibrous tissue. M., Elytroid, the fibers of the cremaster muscle covering the testicle. M., False. See M., Diph- theric. M., Fenestrated. See Fenestrated Mem- brane of Henle. M., Fetal, a name given to the chorion, amnion, and allantois. M., Germinal, the blastoderm. M., Glassy, the hyaloid mem- brane. M., Granular. See Membrana granulosa, M., Haptogenous, a delicate albuminous pellicle supposed to envelop the fat-globules of milk and of other fluids containing fat and albumin. M., Homo- geneous, a delicate layer of connective tissue cover- ing the placental villi. M., Huxley's, a sheath peculiar to hair and surrounding the proximal part of the shaft. M., Hyaloid, a delicate areolar membrane investing the vitreous humor of the eye. M., Inor- ganic, a membrane used in dialyzing fluids; it is composed of silicic acid. M., Internal, the endyma, q. V. M., Interosseous, a thin aponeurosis of parallel fibers extending between contiguous borders of the tibia and fibula, and the ulna and radius. M., Jacob's, the layer of rods and cones of the retina. M., Krause's, a thin, transverse, dark disc bisecting the light substance of the striped muscle-fibers ; it divides the fibers into muscular compartments. M., Meconic, a layer within the rectum of the fetus, supposed to invest the meconium. M., Mucous, the continuation of the skin lining those internal cavities and organs exposed to or communicating with the air. It is kept moist by the mucus secreted by the goblet- cells and mucous glands. M. of Nasmyth, a delicate but firm membrane covering the ectal surface of the enamel for a short time after birth. M., Nictitating, the plica or third eyelid, a mucous fold at the nasla canthus of the eyes of birds and certain quadrupeds. M., Nuclear, the membrane surrounding the nucleus of a cell. M., Obturator, the fibrous membrane clos- ing the obturator foramen. M., Olfactory. SeeA/!, Schneiderian. M., Ovular. See M., Vitelline. M., Perforated (of Henle) , the ental elastic layer of an artery. M., Perifibril, a special membrane surround- ing the skele'tal threads of some sponges (Chalinula) \ it is composed of epithelial cells, either transparent or deeply-colored with granules (Hyatt). M., Perio- dontal, a fibrous layer covering the cement of teeth. M., Pharyngeal, the oral plate separating the primi- tive oral and pharyngeal cavities in the embryo. It is formed of an anterior ectodermic and posterior entoder- mic layer. M., Pituitary. SavaeasM., Schneiderian. M., Primary, the basement membrane. M., Pre- formation, a doubtful membrane supposed to cover the dentine papilla. M., Proligerous. See Discus proligerus. M., Pseudo. See M., Diphtheric. M., Pupillary, a delicate, transparent membrane closing the pupil in the fetus. It disappears between the seventh and eighth months. M., Pyogenic, the fibrous membrane forming the lining of abscess-cavities ; instead of being a pus-producing membrane, it is really a protective layer, limiting the spread of the abscess, although it may form pus under certain circumstances. M., Pyophylactic, a term sug- gested by Roswell Park for the so-called " pyogenic membrane." M., Reichert's. See M., Bowman's. M. of Reissner, a delicate membrane stretching across the outer wall of the cochlea. M., Reticular, the membrane covering the space of the outer hair- ' cells of the cochlea. M. ofRuysch. See Membrana ruyschiana. M., Schneiderian, the mucosa lin- ing the nasal fossae. M. of Schvrann. See Neurilemma. M., Serous, a delicate membrane covered with flat endothelial cells lining closed cavities of the body, e.g., the peritoneum, the pleura. M., Shell. See Me7nbrana putaminis. M., Shrapnell's, a small portion of the drum-membrane filling the notch of Rivini. It differs from the re- mainder of the drum-membrane in that it contains none of the fibrous tissue proper to the drum. It is also called Membrana flaccida. M., Synovial, a membrane covering the articular extremities of bones and the inner surface of ligaments entering into the for- mation of a joint. M., Tectorial, "^ee Membrana tectoria. M., Tenon's. See Tenon's Capsule. M., Thyro-hyoid, the broad membrane joining the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone. M., Tubular, MEMBRANEOUS 743 MENINGO-CEPHALITIS the neurilemma, q. v. M., Tympanic, the mem- brane separating the external from the middle ear. It consists of three layers : an ectal or skin layer, a fibrous layer, and an ental layer like that lining the middle ear. M., Undulator, a delicate mem- brane uniting the spinal filament to the body and tail of the spermatozoon. M., Utero-epichorial, the decidua vera. M., Vascular (of the eye), the choroid, q, v. M., Vestibular. Same as M. of Reissner. M., Virginal, the hymen, q. v. M., Vi- tellary, M., Vitelline, the true cell-membrane of the ovum, lying viiithin the zona pellucida. M., Vitreous, the membrane of Descemet ; also the basement membrane of a hair-follicle. M., Wachen- dorf 's, the papillary membrane. M., Yolk. Same as M., Vitelline. M., Zinn's. See Zonule of Zinn. Membraneous {?nem-dra^ -ne-us) , See Membranous, Membraniform (mem-bran' -if-orni). ^^& Membranous. Membranine {mem' -bran-in). See Membranous. Membrano-carneous (mem-bran' -o-kar' -ne-us) [inem- brana, membrane; caro, flesh]. Of a membranous and fleshy structure. Membranocranium (mem-bran-o-kra' -ne-um) [niem- brana, membrane; Kpaviov, skull]. The membran- ous skull of the fetus, prior to ossification. Membranogenic (mem - bran -o -Jen' -i^) l/isfifSpdva, parchment membrane ; jev^g, producing] . In biology, having a tendency to form a membrane or a mem- branous growth. Membranoid (mem-bran-oid') [ntembrana, membrane ; cHof, like]. Resembling membrane. Membranology (inem-bran-of -o-je) \membrana, mem- brane; Uyo^, science]. The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the membranes of the body. Membranosus (mem-bran-o' -sus) \niembrana, mem- brane]. Membranous. M., Semi-, one of the hamstring muscles. See Muscles, Table of. Membranous (mem' -bran-us) [niembranosus, mem- branous] . Having the nature of, or characterized by, a membrane. In biology, applied to an organ or part that is flattened, thin and flexible. M. Labyrinth. See Labyrinth. M. Urethra, the part of the urethra between the two layers of the triangular ligament. Membranula, Membranule (mem-bran' -u-lah, mem- bran' -ill) [dim. of membrana, membrane]. A small membrane. In biology, specifically applied to a portion of the wing of certain insects. Membranulet [mem-bran' -u-let). Same as Membran- ula. Membrosus (mem-bro' -sus) [viembrum, limb]. Hav- ing a large penis. Membrum (mem'-brum) [L. : //., Membra"]. Same as Member. M. muliebre, the clitoris. M. seminale, M. virile, the penis. Memory (mem'-o-re) \inemoria, a recalling]. That faculty of the mind that enables one to recall ideas, events,- and the images of objects that have produced sensation. M., Loss of. See Amnesia. Menagogue (men'-ag-og). Synonym of Emmena- gogue. Menatechenzie (men-at-ek-en'-ze). See Palmus. Mendel's Convolution. See Convolutions, Table of. Mendelejeff 's Classification. See Element. Mendosus (men-do' -sus) \mendax, false]. False; ap- plied to certain incomplete parts, as the floating ribs. Menelcosis (men-el-ko' -sis) {jifjvtq, menses; sXnuaig, ulceration]. Ulceration of the leg, with vicarious menstruation from the sore. Menellipsis (men-el-ip'-sis) l/ivve^, menses; iX^^enpig, a falling off]. Menopause. Menes (men'-ez) l/j,fve(, menses]. Menses. Menhaden Oil (men-ha'-dn) [a corruption of the In- dian munnawhatteaug']. An oil obtained from the Alosa menhaden, a kind of herring. It is used in soap-making and in tanning, and, when pure, as a sub- stitute for cod-liver oil. Menhidrosis, Menidrosis (men-hid-ro'-sis, men-id- ro'-sis) [lajveq, menses ; Wpuai.^, sweat]. A form of vicarious menstruation said to consist in monthly excess of sweat, sometimes sanguineous, instead of the menstrual flow. Meniere's Disease. A disease or injury probably of the semicircular canals, characterized by nausea, vom- iting, vertigo, deafness, tinnitus aurium, and other phenomena. It is called also aural or auditory ver- tigo. See Diseases, Table of. Meningarthrocace (men-in-gar-throk'-as-e) [jajvLy^y membrane ; apBpov, joint ; Kaxbg, evil] . Inflamma- tion of joint-membranes. Meningeal (men-in'-je-al) [p-ipiiy^, membrane]. Per- taining to any membrane of the brain or my el, especi- ally the dura. Meninges (men-in'-je'S) [pi. of fifjvLy^, membrane]. A name applied to the membranes of the brain and myel, the dura, pia, and arachnoid. M., Lepto-, the pia and arachnoid. Meningina (men-in-ji' -nah) \_p.fp>iy^, membrane]. The pia and arachnoid considered as the proper meninges, and apart from the dura ; the pia-arachnoid. Meninginitis (men-in-jin-i'-tis) \ji^iy^, membrane ; trif, inflammation]. Inflammation of the meningina ; leptomeningitis. Meningitic [men-in-jit' -ik) \ji^vi.y^, membrane]. Per- taining to, or affected with, meningitis. Meningitis (men-in-ji' -lis) [ji^iy^, membrane ; itlq, inflammation]. Inflammation of the membranes of the brain or cord ; that of the dura is termed pachy- meningitis, that of the pia-arachnoid, leptomeningi- tis. M., Acute. &ee Leptomeningitis. M., Ascend- ing, n form that begins in the membranes of the lower cord and ascends. M., Basilar, See M., Tuberculous. M., Cerebral, M., Cerebro-spinal, a form affecting the membranes of the brain, and those of the cord and brain respectively. It is usually epi- demic. M. of the Convexity, simple leptomeningitis. M., Epidemic. Synonym of Fever, Cerebro-spinal. M., Granular, the same as M., Tuberculous. M., Malignant. Synonym of Fever, Cerebro-spinal. M., Rhachidian. Synonym of M., Spinal. M., Scrofulous. Se& M., Tuberculous. M., Septic, that due to an infectious process. M. siderans, a ful- minant, rapidly fatal form of cerebro-spinal fever. M., Simple, that not due to tuberculosis or sepsis. M., Spinal, meningitis of the membranes of the spinal cord. M., S3T3hilitic, meningitis due to syphilis. M., Traumatic, that following injury to the skull or spinal column. M., Tuberculous, inflammation of the pia of the brain, with effusion of lymph and pus, caused by the deposit of miliary tubercles upon its surface or into its substance. M., Typhoid. Syn- onym of Fever, Cerebro-spinal. Meningitophobia (men-in-git-o-fo'-be-ah) [liijviy^, membrane ; iriQ, inflammation ; (p6j3oc, fear]. An exaggerated fear of meningitis when the disease is epi- demic, sometimes leading to the development of the symptoms of the disease. Meningocele (men-in'-go-sel) [fiijviy^, membrane ; KfiXr), tumor]. A tumor composed of cerebral or spinal membranes containing fluid, and perhaps nerve-tissue, protruding from an anomalous opening in the cranium or spinal column, usually covered by skin, but some- times exposed by cutaneous defect. Meningo-cephalitis (men-in'-go-sef-al-i'-tis). See Meningo-encephalitis . MENINGO-CEREBRITIS 744 MENORRHEA Meningo-cerebritis {nten-in'-go-ser-e-bri'-tis). See Meningo-encephalitis. Meningococcus {men-in' -go-kok' -us) \jaf)iiy^, mem- brane ; KdKKog, coccus]. A name for the supposed coccus, or microbe, of cerebro-spinal fever. See Mi- crococctis intercelhdaris vieningitidis under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Meningo-encephalitis {men-in' -go - en - sef- al- i'-tis) [_fi?jvi-y^, membrane j svKefa^ov, brain; iTig, inflamma- tion]. An inflammation of the brain and its mem- branes. Meningo-ependjrmitis {tnen-in' -go-ep-en-dim-i' -tis ) [liijvLy^, membrane ; iiriv&ifui, ependyma ; cti(, in- flammation]. Meningitis with inflammation of the ependyma, a condition seen in adult hydrocephalus. Meningo-gastralgia (men-in' -go-gas-tral' -je-aK) \jifiy- jyf, membrane ; yaoT-^p, stomach; oAyof, pain]. A painful condition of the mucous membrane of the stomach. Meningo-gastric [men-in' -go-gas' -trii) [jajviy^, mem- brane, yacTr/p, stomach]. Pertaining to the mem- branes of the stomach. Meningo-gastritic [men-in' -go-gas-trit' -iK) \jifpiiy^, membrane; yaarrip, stomach; trjf, inflammation]. Pertaining to meningo-gastritis. Meningo-gastritis [men-in'-go-gas-iri'-tis) [^fi^cy^, membrane ; yaar^p, stomach ; tTjf, inflammation]. I. Inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach. 2. Meningitis associated with gastritis. Meningo-malacia [men-in' -go-mal- a' -se-ah) [fiijviy^, membrane ; pakania, softness]. A softening of the cerebral or spinal meninges, or other membranes. Meningomyces [men-in- go-mi' -sez) \_ji,f[viy^, mem- brane ; liVKfqg, fungus). Fungosity of the meninges. Meningo-myelitis (men-in'-go-mi-el-i'-tis) Ifi^iy^, membrane ; /iveUg, marrow ; mg, inflammation]. Inflammation of the myel and its meninges. Meningo-myelocele [men-in' -go-mi' -el-o-sll) l/i^iy^, membrane ; fiVEAOg, marrow; k^^j/, tumor]. A tumor containing a portion of the myel, with its enveloping meninges. Meningophylax [men-in-go/'-il-ais) \_p^iy^, mem- brane ; (pvXa^, guard]. An old form of instrument for protecting the brain from injury during operations after trephining. Meningorrhachidian [men-in' -go-rak-id' -e-an) \_ij,rjviy^, membrane; pax^g, spine]. Relating to the spinal meninges. Meningorrhagia [men-in-gor-a' -je-ah') \jirpLy^, mem- brane ; p7/yuvvat, to burst forth] . Meningeal hemor- rhage. Meningorrhea (men-in-gor-e' -aK) \jir[viy^, membrane ; lioia, a flow]. Meningeal hemorrhage, or extravasa- tion of blood. Meningosis [men-in' -go-sis) {jifjVLy^, membrane]. The union of bones by a membranous attachment. Meningo-spinal [men-in' -go-spi'-nal) ^fiyviy^, mem- brane; spinalis, spinal^. Meningeal and spinal ; per- taining to the meninges of the spinal cord. Meningo-symphysis [men-in' -go-sim' -fis-is) [iiijviy^, membrane ; abv, together ; ^veiv, to grow] . The mor- bid adhesion of the meninges to each other. Meningo-symphytic [men-in' -go-sim-Jii'-ik) {jiffviy^, membrane; abv, with; ^heiv, to grow]. Pertaining to or characterized by meningo-sj-mphysis. Meningo-syzygia ( men-in' -go-si-zij' -e-ah ) [ lajviy^, membrane; ffuCfyfa, a coupling]. Same as j&«!»^o- symphysis. Meningozeuxis [men-in'-go-zUks' -is) l/iijviy^, mem- brane; f™f(f, a yoking]. Same as Meningo-sym- physis. Meningozeuxitis [men-in' -go-zuks-i' -tis) \ji^vi.y^, mem- brane ; ^evxig, yoke ; iTig, inflammation]. Meningo- symphysis with inflammation. Meninguria (men-in-gu' -re-ah) [jjajviy^, membrane ; ovpov, urine]. The passage or presence of mem- branous shreds in the urine. Meninguric [men-in-gu' -rik) \_iijjviy^, membrane ; ov- pov, urine]. Pertaining to or characterized by men- inguria. Meninx [men' -ingks) \jifiyiy^, membrane]. Any one of the meninges, especially the dura. Meniscitis [men-is-i' -lis) [_fj.7/vlaKog, crescent ; trig, in- flammation]. An inflammation of the semilunar car- tilages of the knee-joint. Meniscoid [men-is' -hoid) \jj.riviaKog , crescent ; elSog, like] . Resembling a meniscus ; crescent-shaped. Meniscus [men-is' -kits) \jijjviamg, a crescent: pi., Menisci\ A concavo-convex lens. A concavo-con- vex articular cartilage, or the semilunar cartilage of the knee-joint. Also, the concavity or convexity produced on the surface of liquids in tubes and vessels by capillary attraction. M., Tactile, a form of nerve-ending with a concave surface turned ectad, each concavity containing a tactile cell. Menispermin [men-is-per' -min) [fiijvrj, moon ; (TTrep/M, seed], A precipitate from a tincture of the root of Menispertnum canadense ; alterative, tonic,- laxative, diuretic, stimulant, and resolvent. Dose from I to 4 grains. Unof. 2. CjgHjjNjOj. A non-poisonous and inert alkaloid from Anamirta coccultis and Meni- spermum canadense. Menispermum [men-is-per' -mum) \_n7jvri, moon ; Girepfia, seed]. The roots of Jf. canadense, or Canadian moon-seed. It is reputed to have tonic properties , and is used for sarsaparilla. Dose gr. v-xx in infusion ; of a concentrated tinct.,gtt.v-xv. M., Ext., Fid. Dose 3J. Menispin [men' -is-pin) [firpn], moon ; ajripfia, seed]. A bitter alkaloid contained in the root of Menisper- mum canadense. It is readily soluble in alcohol, less so in water, in chloroform, and in ether. Menocelis [m-en-o-se' -lis) [/i^v, mouth ; KrjXig, spot]. A dark spot upon the skin sometimes, seen at or near the menstrual period. Menocryphia [men-o-krif -e-ah) \jifiveg, menses ; fcpi- ^iof, hidden]. Same as Ischomenia. Menolipsis [men-o-lip' -sis) \jifiytg, menses; "kebSfig, an omission]. The retention or absence of the menses. Menometastasis [men-o-met-as' -tas-is) \jaivtg, menses ; psTdaraaig, metastasis]. Vicarious menstruation. Menopad [men'-o-pad) l/iijveg, menses; ME.,padde, a pad]. A pad for catching the menstrual blood. Menopause [men'-o-pawz) \jirjveg, menses; vavatg, cessation]. The end of menstrual life, usually occur- ring at the age of from 45 to 50. It is also called the climacteric, or the change of life. . Menophania [men-o-fa' -ne-ah) [p,fiveg, menses ; ^alvetv, to appear]. The first appearance of the menses. M.eTLop\3.Taa,[men-o-pla' -ne-ah) \_p^\>eg, menses.; ■Klavrj, deviation], A discharge of blood occurring at the menstrual period, but derived from some other part of the body than the uterus. Also, any deviadon or aberration of the menstrual flow. tAsnoxrla3.g\BL[men-or-a' -je-ah) \_iJ.f/veg, menses; f)riymvai, to burst forth]. An excessive menstrual flow. Menorrhagic Unen-or-aj' -ik) \jLfivt.g, menses ; Iniyvhmi, to burst forth]. Relating to, or characterized by, menorrhagia, Menorrhalgia [men-or-al' -je-ah) \_ji^Eg, the menses; fiiav, to flow; aXyof, pain]. Painful menstruation. See Dysmenorrhea and Menorrhspasm. Menorrhea [men-or-e'-ah) [//^Wf, menses; }>ala, a flow]. The normal flow of the menses. ,Also, excessive menstruation. MENORRHSPASM 745 MENTIFEROUS Menorrhspasm (men-or-spaz'-tn) [^^vcf, menses; phiv, to flow; C7raa/i6(, spasm\. A painful, neuro- muscular spasm of the uterus, caused by imperfect development and innervation, or by inflammatory processes. Menoschesis [men-os' -kes-is) [ii^eq, menses ; axiaig, retention]. Retention of the menses. Menoschetic imen-os-ket'-ik) [lU^wf , menses ; . axia^Q, retention]. Pertaining to, or characterized by, men- oschesis. Menosepsis (men-o-sep'-sis) [/i^i^er, menses ; a^^ig, putridity], A putrid quality of the menses. Menoseptic (men-o-sep'-tic) [pjve^, menses ; a^ipcg, putridity]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, meno- sepsis. Menostasia, Menostasis [inen-os-ta'-ze-ah, men-os'-tas- ir) [^^TVEf, menses ; (rrdirif, standing]. A suppression of the menstrual flow. Menostatic (men-os-iat'-ik') [ft^eg, menses; aTaaig, a standing] . Pertaining to, or characterized by, meno- stasis. Menotyphlosis (men-o-tif-lo' -sis) \jir[vr), moon ; r{i0- Auffff , a blinding] . Moon-blindness ; a periodic blindness or dimness of vision, formerly ascribed to the influence of the moon, and popularly believed to affect certain horses. Menoxenia (men-oks-e'-ne-ah) [^/i^eg, menses ; ^tvog, strange, foreign]. Irregularity of menstruation. Menoxenosis [vien-oks-en-o' -sis) [/(iyv, month ; ^ivaaig, strangeness]. Same as Menoxemia. Mens (menz) [L. : gen., mentis^ Mind. Compos mentis, of sound mind. Non compos mentis, of unsound mind. Menses [men'-slz) [mensis, a month]. The recurrent monthly discharge of blood from the genital canal of the female during sexual life. See Menstruation. M., Excessive, or Immoderate Flowr of. See Menorrhagia. M., Obstructive, or Diminution of. ^&e Amenorrhea. M., Suppression of. See Amenor- rhea and Menostasis. Menstrua (men'-stru-ah) [L. : //., of Menstruus, monthly]. I. The menses. 2. Vlmal of Menstruum, q.v. M. alba. Synonym of Z^«^o?-?-^i?fl. Menstrual [men'-stru-al] [menstrualis : menstruus, monthly]. Pertaining to menstruation. M. Blood, the blood discharged at the menstrual period. M. Colic. See Colic. M. Insanity. See Insanity. Menstruant (men'-stru-ant) \menst7-uus, monthly]. 1. Subject to, or capable of, menstruating. 2. One who menstruates, or is capable of menstruating. Menstruate (men' -stru-at) [tnenstruare ; from men- strutis, monthly]. To discharge the menstrual flow. Menstruation [tnen-stru-a'-shun) [menstruatio ; from menstruus, monthly]. A periodic discharge of a sanguineous fluid from the uterus and Fallopian tubes, occurring during the period of a woman's sexual activ- ity, from puberty to the menopause. The flow is alkaline and composed of blood, shreds of mucous membrane, and vaginal and uterine secretion ; it is darker than ordinary blood, and should not clot ; its odor is characteristic and disagreeable ; the usual quantity is from four to six ounces. M., Vicarious, the discharge of blood in connection with, or at the time of, menstruation, but taking place from some other organ or part than the vagina. Atopomenorrhea. Menstruous [men'-stru-us) [menstruus, monthly]. Having, or pertaining to, the monthly flow. Menstruum {men' -stru-um) [menstruus, monthly]. A liquid used for effecting solution. A solvent. Mensuration {men-su-ra' -shun) [mensurare, to mea- sure]. The estimation of quantity or dimension. In anatomy, the estimation of the dimensions of any organ or part of the body. In physical diagnosis, the measurement of parts of the body. Mentagra (men-ta'-grah). See Sycosis. M. parasit- ica. See Tinea sycosis. Mentagrophyte (men-tag'-ro-flt), Mentagrophyton [men-tag-roff'-it-on) [mentagra, sycosis; (pvrdv, plant]. A cryptogamous plant thought to cause sycosis. Mental {men'-tal) [mens, the mind]. Pertaining to the mind. Also, pertaining to the menttim or chin. M. Point. See Craniometric Points. Mentality [men-tal' -it-e) [mens, mind]. Mental ac- tivity and power ; intellect. Mentation (men-ta'-shun). See Mentality and Idea- tion, Mentha (men'-thah) [L., mint]. A genus of labiate plants, including the true or typical mints. M. ar- vensis, var. piperascens. The source of Menthol, q. v. M. -camphor. See Menthol. M. piperita, pepper- mint. The leaves and tops of M. piperita, or common peppermint, having properties due to a volatile oil, in which form it is commonly used. It is an aromatic, stimulant, carminative, and antispasmodic, and is valu- able internally to relieve flatulent colic, and externally to relieve superficial neuralgia. It is of reputed value in typhoid fever, and as an antiseptic in parasitic skin- diseases. M. pip., Aqua, contains 2 parts of the oil in looo of distilled water. Dose indefinite. M.pip., Essentia (B. P.) Dose nv,x-xx. M. pip., Ol., the volatile oil, consists of a liquid terpene and a camphor, menthol, q. v. Dose tl\j— v. M.pip., Spt., essence of peppermint, contains lo per cent, of the oil and I per cent, of the herb in alcohol. Dose TTLx-xxx. M. pip., Trochisci, each contains j'^V of the oil, with sugar and tragacanth. Dose, indefinite. M. pule- gium, the true or European pennyroyal. Its odor and properties are much the same as those of American pennyroyal. M. viridis, spearmint. The leaves and tops of common "kitchen" mint, M. viridis, having properties due to a volatile oil, differing slightly in taste and odor from oil of peppermint. Its medi- cinal properties are like those of M. piperita. M. virid., Aq., 2 parts of the oil in looo of water. M. virid., Ol., the volatile oil. Dose TT\,ij-v. M. virid., Spt., alcoholic, contains lo per cent, of the oil and I per cent, of the herb. Dose TT^x-xl. Menthene [men' -then) [mentha, mint], CjjHjg. A liquid hydrocarbon produced when menthol is dis- tilled with PjOj. It boils at 167° C. Menthol [vten'-thol) [mentha, mint], CiqHjqO. Japan- ese peppermint ; peppermint camphor ; mentha cam- phor ; the chief component of peppermint oil, from which it separates in crystalline form on cooling. It possesses, like bomeol, the character of an alicyclic alcohol; melts at 42° C. , and boils at 213° C. It is obtained from Mentha arvensis, var. piperascens , a Chinese and Japanese herb ; also from the seeds of Carum copticum, of India. It is used as a local appli- cation in neuralgia, sciatica, ringworm, and other pain- ful conditions. Unof. M., Emplast., containing men- thol, wax, and resin ; has a place in the 1890 addition to the B. P. M. Pencil, a small, pointed cylinder of menthol used as an application to the skin in neuralgia. Menthone [men' -than) [mentha, mint], Ci„H,jO. The ketone of menthol, a colorless liquid with a high boiling-point (206° C). It is soluble in alcohol, in benzene, in carbon disulphid, and in chloroform, but insoluble in water. Mentiferous [men-tif -er-us) [mens, mind ; ferre, to carry]. Conveying, or supposed to convey, mental impressions ; telepathic. M. Ether, a supposed ethe- real medium of telepathy, or thought-transfer. MENTIGO 746 MERETRIX Mentigo {men-ti'-go). See Mentagra. Mento-bregmatic [men'-io-breg-mat'-ik') \_mentum, chin ; ^priyixa, bregma]. Extending from the chin to the bregma. Mento-condylean {nien'-to-kon-dil'-e-an) [mentum, chin; /£(ivaiog, monthly ; avdoQ, flower]. A genus of plants of the gentian order. M. trifoliata. See Buckbean. Menyanthin (men-e-an' -thin) [^rivaioQ, monthly ; avBoc, flower], CjdHjjOjj. The bitter principle of Buck- bean. It is a white, amorphous, bitter glucosid. Meosis (me-o'-sis). See Miosis. Mephitic (me-fit'-ik) [Mephitis, a mythologic divin- ity]. Foul or noxious ; stifling; noisome, as a vapor, or stench. M. Gangrene, moist necrosis of bone, associated with the evolution of offensive odors. iAe^tatis [me-f -tis) [L.]. i. A pestilent or noxious exhalation. 2. A genus of American carnivorous mammals, the skunks. They are noted for the fetid secretion of their perineal glands, which has been used as an antasthmatic remedy and in hysteria. Unof. Mephitism (mef ' -it-izm) . Synonym of Mephitis (first definition). Meramaurosis (mer-am-aw-ro' -sis) \_fikpo(, part; d/i- avpdeiv, to darken]. Partial amaurosis. Meranesthesia (mer-an-es-the' -ze-q-h) \_jiJkpo^, part ; and aveaBriala, anesthesia]. Partial or local anesthesia. Meratrophy (mer-af -ro-fe) \jiipoq, part ; krpoifla, want of nourishment]. Partial atrophy. Mercaptal (mer-kap'-tal) [mercurius, mercury; cap- tans, seizing]. A thio-acetal ; a product of the union of a mercaptan and an aldehyd. Mercaptan (mer-kap' -tan) [mercurius, mercury; cap- tans, seizing]. A thio-alcohol ; any one of a certain class of alcohols in which the oxygen is replaced by sulphur. The mercaptans are the sulphur analogues of the alcohols, and are colorless liquids, mostly insolu- ble in water, and possessed of a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Mercaptid (mer-kap'-tid) \_mercurius, mercury; cap- tans, seizing] . A metallic derivation of a mercaptan. Mercaptol (mer-kap'-tol) [niercurius, mercury ; cap- tans, seizing] . A product of the union of a mercap- tan and a ketone. Mercier's Bar. The crescentic ridge of submucous tissue forming the posterior boundary of the trigone of the bladder. Mercurial (mer-ku' -re-al) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. Pertaining to mercury. M. Palsy, a paralysis or an involuntary spasmodic twitching of the voluntary mus- cles, as a result of mercurial intoxication, and intensi- fied on voluntary motion ; it sometimes affects persons habitually exposed to the vapor of mercury. M. Ptyalism. Synonym of Stomatitis, Mercurial. M. Rash, an eczematous eruption arising from the con- tinued use of mercury. M. Tremors. Same as M. Palsy. See also Tretnor. Mercurialin (mer-ku' -re-al-in) [Mercury, a Grecian god], CH5N. An oily basic principle obtainable from Mercurialis annua and M. perennis. It is pois- onous, diuretic, and cathartic. Unof. Mercurialis (mer-ku-re-a'-lis) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants, with ac- tively poisonous qualities. M. annua and M. per- ennis were formerly used in medicine, being strongly purgative, emmenagogue, and diuretic. Unof. Mercurialism (mer-ku' -re-al-izm) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. A name for the morbid condition arising from the too free or the long continued use of mercury. Mercurialist (mer-ku' -re-al-ist) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. One who prescribes mercury largely, or one who believes in the treatment of syphilis by mercury. Mercurialization (mer-ku-re-al-iz-a' -shun) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. Bringing under the influence of mercury. Mercuric [mer-ku' -rik) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. Pertaining to or containing mercury as a bivalent radicle. Mercuricum (mer-ku' -rik-um) [Mercury, a Grecian god] . A terra applied to compounds containing mer- cury as a bivalent radicle. Mercurius (mer-ku' -re-us). See Mercury. MercUrosum (mer-ku-ro' -sum) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. A term given to compounds containing mer- cury as a univalent radicle. Mercurous (mer'-ku-rus) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. A term applied to compounds containing mercury as a univalent radicle. Mercury (mer'-ku-re) [Mercury, a Grecian god]. See Hydrargyrum. M. AWeed, the herb Mercurialis annua. See Mercurialis. Merd [merda, merdus, feces]. Feces. M. diaboli, asa- fetida. Merdivomous (mer-div' -o-mus) [merda, feces ; vomere, to vomit]. Having stercoraceous vomiting. Merdivorous (tner-div' -or-us) [merda, feces ; vorare, to devour]. Devouring excrement. Merechema (mer-ek-e'-mah) [/j.j;p6^, thigh; ^xVI'^t sound: pi., Merechemata\ An auscultatory sound ascribed to the friction of the thighs of the fetus. Meremphraxis (mer-em-fraks' -is) [p.kpo^, part; l)!^- pafff, stoppage]. Partial obstruction. Merenchyma (mer-eng' -kim-ah) [p.kpo^, a part ; (n-ap) ^yXW-' '" modern sense "parenchyma"]. In biology, an imperfect parenchyma. Meretrix (mer' -et-riks) [merere, to earn money]. A prostitute. MERI^UM 747 MERYCOLOGY Merisum {mer-e-e'-um) \jiEp6q, the thigh : pi., Meri1., Merides]. In biol- ogy, a cell-colony either permanently isolated, or by budding giving rise to a higher aggregate, the deme. Merismatic ymer-is-mat' -ik) [fiipia/xa, a part ; /zepia/idc, a division ; /lepc^eiv, to divide]. In biology, charac- terized by the formation of internal septa. Merismopedia [mer-is-??io-pe' -de-ah) [fiEpLafidq, divi- sion; Jraif, child]. A bacterium multiplying by two rectangular divisions, thus forming a tablet-like group of four cells in one plane. See Bacteria, Table of. Jderispore {mer' -is-fior) [iiipoq, part; OTrSpoc;, seed]. The spores resulting from division of the endospore or exospore of fungi ; one of the secondary spores of a compound spore. Meristem [mer^-is-tem) [ii£pict6q, verbal adj. of /lepi^eiv, to divide]. In biology, the actively growing, undifferentiated cell-tissue of the growing tips of plants ; the formative tissue of the cambium layer. Meristematic {mer-is-tem-at'-ik). Synonym of Mer- ismatic. Meristogenetic [mer-is-to-jen-ef -ik) [jiepiarSi, divided ; yevvav, to beget] . Developed from meristem. Merit {mer' -it) [^ept'f , a part [fiepiTJig, a partaker)]. In biology, one of the small bodies or granules contain- ing one or two chromatin-specks, or microsomata, formed by the breaking up of the male and female pronuclei in the process of impregnation. The Sper- maiofneriten and Ovom.eriten of Boehm. Cf. Idant. Merithal [mer'-ith-al) [/zep^f , part ; feXAdf, a branch]. Same as Internode. Merizotropia {mer-iz-o-tro'-pe-aK). See Merotropia. Merkel's Cells. The tactile corpuscles. M.'s Gang- lia, small groups of subepidermic ganglion-cells ; the tactile corpuscles. M.'s Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. M.'s Plane. See Plane. M.'s Solu- tion, a fixing-agent used in histologic research. It is composed of equal parts of a one-fourth per cent, solution of platinum chlorid, and a one-fourth per cent, solution of chromic acid. The specimen is placed in this fluid for from two to three hours, and then preserved in alcohol. M., Tactile Cells of. See Grandry's Corpuscles. M.'s Touch-corpuscles. See Grandry's Corpuscles. Meroblast {mer'-o-blast) [^/iipog, a part ; pTMordc, a germ]. In embryology, an ovum that contains beside the formative protoplasm or yolk, more or less food- yolk or nutritive protoplasm. Meroblastic {mer-o-blas' -tik) \jikpoi;, a part ; l32,aaT6(, a germ]. In embryology, a term applied to such ova as present some impediment to the segmentation of the protoplasm of the vegetative pole, owing to which this process is more or less confined to one por- tion of the ovum, the protoplasm of the animal pole. The distinction between meroblastic and holoblastic is one of degree, not of kind. "The best known ex- ample of a vertebrate meroblastic ovum is undoubtedly the hen's egg." (Minot.) Merocele [mer' -o-sll) [^/j^p6(, thigh ; k^I^, hernia]. Femoral hernia. Merpcerite (mer-os'-er-it) [/i!?pi5f, thigh ; Kepa^, horn]. In biology, that joint of the antenna of a crustacean which is borne upon the ischiocerite. Merocoxalgia ( mer-o-koks-al' -je-ah ) [ }irip6q, thigh ; coxa, hip ; akyoq, pain]. Pain affecting the thigh and hip. Merocyte (mer' -o-sit') [^p-ipoQ, a part; Kirog, a cell]. In biology, one of the eight nucleated masses of proto- plasm of the meroblastic, mesolecithal, or telolecithal germ. (Lang.) Merodialysis (mer-o-di-al'-is-is) [^/lipog, part ; Siiyivaig, separation]. Partial decomposition. Merogastrula (mer-o-gas' -tru-lah) [/lepoq, a part ; yaarijp, belly: //. , Merogastrulis\. In biology, the gastrula of a meroblastic ovum. Merogenesis {mer-o-jen' -es-is) \jitpog, part ; ykvtaig, genesis]. Segmentation; the origination of segments. Merognathite [mer-og' -nath-it) ^fiepog, a part ; yvdOog, jaw]. In biology, the fourth joint of one of the gna- thites or jaw-feet of a crustacean. (Milne- Edwards.) Meroistic {mer-o-is' -tiX) [fxtpog, apart; d6v, egg]. In biology, applied to the ovaries of certain insects (e.g., aphis) that give rise not only to ova and ovicapsular epithelium, but also to large vitelligenous cells. The latter are connected with the ova and supply nutritive material. Cf. Panoistic. Merology (mer-ol'-o-je) \jitpog, share; Uyog, science]. General anatomy ; the science of elementary tissues. Meropia (mer-o' -pe-ah) [}dpoQ, part ; iiTp, sight]. Partial blindness; obscuration of vision. Meroplanktonic (mer-o-plank-ton'-ik). Set Plankton. Meropodite (mer-op' -o-dit) \jaip6g, thigh; Troif, foot]. In biology, the fourth joint of a developed endopodite ; the inner of the two main divisions of the typical limb. (Milne-Edwards.) Merorrheuma (mer-o-ru' -mah) [jjipoq, ■ part ; pevjm, rheum]. Partial rheumatism. Merorrhexis (mer-or-eks'-is). Synonym of Merocele. Meros (me'-ros), Merus (me'-rus) \jt,rip6q, thigh]. In biology, the thigh ; the proximal segment of the lower or posterior limb. The fourth joint of any crustacean appendage, as the merognathite or meropodite. M.eiosoms (mer'-o-som) [/uepof , part ; crw/ia, body] . In biology, one of the serial parts of a segmented organ- ism ; a somite or metamere. Merotopia (mer-o-to' -pe-ah) \iitpo^, part; T(ijrof, place]. Replacement of a part. Merotrope (tner'-o-trop), Merotropia (mer-o-tro' -pe-ah) \jikpoq, part; rpdvog, a turning]. Synthesis of sim- pler bodies that have resulted from more complex compounds which did not combine directly. Merotropia {mer-o-tro' -pe-ah) \jirip6^, thigh ; Tpdiroi, a turning]. Reduction of a dislocation of the femur. Merry-thought (mer'-e-thawt). See Furcula and Wish-bone. Mery's Glands. See Gland. Merycism (mer' -is-izni) \jaipviaafi6(, rumination]. Re- gurgitation and rechewing of food. Rumination ; a phenomenon characteristic of an extremely homo- geneous group of Mammalia, i. e., the Pecora, or true ruminants, and sometimes observed in man. Merycology (mer-ik-ol' -o-je) \_jiepvKLl,uv , to ruminate ; A.6yo(, science]. The study of rumination. MERYPERTROPHY 748 MESITOL Merypertrophy {iner-ip-er' -tro-fe) [|U^/)Of , part ; ivr^p, over ; rpo^r/, nourishment]. Partial hypertrophy. Merz System, A system in use for the disposal of garbage and refuse, by which the waste material is subjected to a process akin to desiccation. See Sezu- age. Disposal of. Mesad {me'-zad) [|Ui(70f, middle; ad, to]. Toward the mesial or mesal line or plane ; toward the meson. Mesal {me'-zal) [fikaov, the middle]. At or in the direction of the meson or median plane of the body. Compare the opposite, lateral. Also, see Position and Direction, Table of. Mesallantoid [mez-al-an' -toid ) [^fiicrog, middle ; aXXdv- Toic, allantois]. An animal having a small allantoic sac. Mesameboid (mez-am-e'-6oid) [^fiiaoc, middle ; d/jml3^, a change ; eWof , shape] . In embryology, any one of the leukocytes or wandering-cells, or perhaps the embryonic red blood-cells or the marrow-cells. Mesaraic [mez-ar-a' -ik) [^uof, middle ; dpaia, belly]. Same as Mesenteric. Mesaraion {mea-ar-a' -e-on), Mesareum {mez-ar-e'- um) .\jizaapaum, the mesentery]. The mesentery. Mesarteritic [mez-ar-ter-it'-ik) [fiiaoQ, middle ; aprr/pia, artery ; irtc, inflammation]. Pertaining to or result- ing from mesarteritis. Mesarteritis [mez-ar-ter-i'-tis') [/j.(ao(, middle ; aprripia, artery; trjf, inflammation]. Inflammation of the middle coat of an artery (usually chronic). Mesaticephalic (piez-at-is-ef-al' -ik) \jiza6rrig, median; /ce^a)l^, head]. Y&ct&mvix^ta Mesaticephalus. Also, see Index. Mesaticephalus {mez-at-is-ef'-al us) {jieadrrig, median ; KCipa?.^, head]. In craniometry, a term applied to a skull having a cephalic index of between 75 and 79. Mesatipelvic [mez-at-ip-el' -vik) \_[xeo6Tr]g, median; ir£/lAif, pelvis] A term applied to a pelvis whose in- dex ranges between 90° and 95°- Mesauchenous (mez-aw' -ken-us) \jiicsQq, middle ; a{i;i;)/v, neck]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and a line joining the inion and the basion is between 26° and 38°. Mesectoderm [mez-ek' -to-derm) [/liEcrof, middle ; hrdg, outside ; dipjia, skin] . The ectal or ectodermal divi- sion of the mesoderm ; also, indifferent tissue from which both ectoderm and mesoderm are developed. Mesembryo [mez-em' -bre-o) [/iEcroj , middle ; e/ijipvov, embryo]. The blastula stage of the ova of meta- zoans. Mesembryonic [mez-em-bre-on'-ik) [iitcog, middle ; l/i^pvov, embryo]. Pertaining to the mesembryo. Mesencephal (mez-en-sef'-al) . Same as Mesencephalon. Mesencephalic [mez-en-sef-al' -ik) [fitaog, middle; eyKeipaTiOv, the brain]. Relating to the mesenceph- alon. Mesencephalon (mez-en-sef -al-on) \_fii(sag, middle ; eyici(paXm), the brain]. One of the divisions of the brain, consisting of the corpora quadrigeraina, and the crura cerebri. Mesenchyma {mez-eng'-kim-ah) [fitaoq, middle ; lyx'>'/^'^i an infusion]. The portion of the mesoderm that produces all the connective tissues of the body, the blood-vessels, and the blood, the entire lymphatic sys- tem proper, and the heart. The non-epithelial portions of the mesoderm. Mesenchyme [tnez' -en-kirn) \jiiaog, middle ; iyxvpM, an infusion]. In biology: (a) applied to the meso- derm of certain animals (e. g. , sponges); (b) embryonic connective tissue composed of cells thrown off by the mesothelium. Mesencranus {mez-en-kra' -nus) [ueang, middle ; ev, in; icpaviov, skull]. Lissauer's term for a skull hav- ing a median cerebellar sector of from 15° to 20°, Mesenteric (mez-en-ter'-ik) [^iisaevTspindg , from jjiaog, middle ; ivrepov, intestine] . Pertaining to the mes- entery. Mesenterica (mez-en-ter' -ik-ah) '[jiikaag, middle ; Iv- TEpov, intestine], i. The mycelium of certain molds. 2. A vessel of the mesentery. M., Tabes. SeeTato. yii^^^TA^T&a&imez-en-ter-e-i'-tis). Same as Mesenteritis. M.esenteTioluTa(mez-en-ter-i^-o-lum) [dim. ot iMeaivrepm, mesentery]. A little mesentery; especially the fold of peritoneum that sometimes connects the appendix vermiformis with the mesentery. Mesenteriophthisis (niez-en-ter-e-off'-ihis-is) [/leaiv- Ttpov, mesentery; (jiBiaig, wasting]. Tabes mesen- terica, ?. V. Mesenteritic (mez-en-ter-if -ik) [fdaog, middle ; Ivrepov, intestine ; trif, inflammation]. Pertaining to or affected with mesenteritis. Mesenteritis {mez-en-ter-i' -tis) [jitaoQ, middle ; hirepm, an intestine ; ing, inflammation] . Inflammation of the mesentery. M. chronica. Synonym of Tabes mes- enterica. Mesenterium [mez-en-ter' -e-um) [L.: //., MesenteriaY A mesentery. Mesenteroid (mez-en' -ter-oid) [/icffevrfprov, mesentery ; e'ltSof, like]. Resembling the mesentery. Mesenteron (mez-en' -ter-on) \jii.aog, middle ; Ivrepov, intestine]. The middle portion of the alimentary tract in the embryo. Mesentery {mez' -en-ter-e) [jitaog, middle; ivrepov, bowel]. I. A fold of the peritoneum that con- nects certain portions of the intestine with the posterior abdominal wall. 2. A membranous septum dividing the perivisceral cavity into more or less completely separate chambers. Mesentoderm, Mesendoderm {mez-en' -to-derm, mez- en' -do-derm) \jikaog, middle ; evibg, within ; Sip/ta, skin]. The ental or entodermal division of the mesoderm ; also, the indifferent tissue from which both entoderm and mesoderm are developed. Mesepimeron {mez-ep-im'-er-on) [^p,taoQ, middle ; eTri, upon; jMfipoQ, thigh: pi., Mesepimera\ In biology, the middle lateral piece (epimeron) of the thorax or mesothorax of an arthropod. Mesepisternum {mez-ep-is-ter' -num) [fitnog, middle ; ml, upon; arspvoi), breast: //. , Mesepisterna']. In biology, one of the anterior lateral pieces of the meso- thorax of an arthropod. Meseraic (mez-er-a'-ik). See Mesaraic. Mesethmoid (mez-eth' -moid) \jiiao(;, middle ; ri9\ili(;, ethmoid]. The mesal element of the ethmoid bone, forming a separate bone in some of the lower animals. Mesh [ME., maske, a mesh, or net]. A network, as of vessels or nerves. Mesiad [mez'-e-ad) \jiicog, middle]. Same as Mesad. Mesial (wwz'-'-fl/) [^^uof, middle]. Same as Median. Mesicerm [mes-is-e'-rin) \_p,eaiT7ig, a mediator; cera, wax], C|.H3(CH2.0H),. Mesitylene glycerol, pro- duced by the action of tribrom-mesitylene upon boiling water and lead carbonate. It is a thick liquid. Mesidic Acid [mes-id' -ik). See Uvitic Acid. Mesien [mez'-e-en) [fihog, middle]. Belonging to the mesion in itself. Mesion [mez'-e-on) [fikaog, middle]. See Meson. Mesiris (mez-i'-ris) [fitaog, middle ; Ipig, iris].. The middle layer of the iris, lying between the ectiris and the entiris. Mesitilol [mez-if-il-ol). Same as Mesitylene. Mesitol (mez'-it-ol) {jiea'iT'qq, a mediator], CgHijO. A crystalUne body, chemically a hydrated mesitylene. MESITYLENE 749 MESOCORD Mesitylene {mes-it'-il-ln) 1/j.eaiTvc, a mediator], CgHjj. Triraethyl benzin. It occurs in coal-tar, and is pro- duced by distilling acetone or allylene with H^SOj. It is an oily, colorless, agreeable-smelling liquid, boil- ing at 163° C. Mesitylenic Acid {mes-it-il-en'-ik). See Aciif. Mesmeric {mez-mer' -ik) [from Mesmer, an investigator of mesmerism]. Pertaining to or induced by mes- merism, as mesmeric sleep. M. Coma, hypnotism, q. V. M. Lucidity, clairvoyance. M. Promise, the same as Hypnotic Suggestion. M. Sleep, hyp- notism, q. V. M. State, the condition of mesmerism. Mesmerism (mez' -mer-izm) \_Mesmer, an investigator of the phenomena]. The phenomena formerly known as somnambulism, and subsequently as animal mag- netism, now better known as hypnotism. Mesmerist (mez'-mer-ist)\_Mesmer, an investigator of the phenomena] . One who induces mesmeric phenomena. Mesmerization (mez-mer-iz-a'-shun). Synonym of Hypnotization. Mesmeromania {inez-mer-o-ma' -ne-aK\ \_Mesm.er, the investigator of mesmerism ; jiavia, madness] . Insane or delusional pursuit of mesmeric observations. Meso- [mez'-o-) [|U£ffof, middle]. A prefix signifying middle. Mesoarium {mez-o-a' -re-um) \jii.aoq, middle ; li&piov, dim. of liov, egg: //. , Mesoarial. In biology, that fold of the peritoneum in certain animals (e. g. , fishes) which forms the mesentery of the ovary. See Meso- varium. Mesoarteritis (mez-o-ar-ter-i'-tis). Synonym of Mes- arteritis. Mesobacteria {mez-o-bak-te' -re-afi) \_ijAnog, middle ; PaKT^piov, little rod]. Medium-sized vegetable micro- organisms. Mesoblast [mez' -o-blast) [fiemg, middle ; ^Xaardc, a germ]. In embryology : («)• a large, granular, single cell, the most posterior in each of the two bands from which the mesoderm arises in a metazoan, and which throws off cells to add to the mesodermal band. It appears to be a derivative of the entoderm ;_ (6) The middle layer of the blastoderm, probably derived from both the ectoderm and entoderm, and from which are developed the vascular, muscular, and skeletal systems, the generative glands, and the kidneys. It is also called mesoderm. Kleinenberg protests against the use of the term mesoblast, at least in a sense imply- ing any possibility of comparison with the primary layers, epiblast and hypoblast, of ccelenterata. M., Parietal, M., Somatic, the outer mesoblastic plates entering into the formation of the body-wall. It is also known as Somatopleure. M., Splanchnic, M., Visceral, the inner mesoblastic plates forming the wall of the digestive tract and its derivatives. It is also known as Splanchnopleure. Mesoblastema {inez-o-blas-te' -mah) [jikaoi, middle; p^iaTtj/M, a shoot; //. , Mesoblastemata]. In embry- ology, the germinal cells that go to form the meso- derm; the 'mesoblastic cells. Mesoblastic (mez-o-blas' -tik) [|U^ffof , middle ; pXaaTdg, sprout]. Pertaining to the mesoblast. Mesobranchious [mez-o-brang'-ke-us] \^/ii(Tog, middle ; Ppdy-xia, gill]. Having the gills or branchiae in the middle of the body. Mesobregmus {mez-o-breg' -mus) [fiiaog, middle ; Ppey/M, the sinciput]. Lissauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed between the radius fixus and the line joining the hormium and the bregma is be- tween 68° and 82°. Mesobronchitis {mez-o-bron-W -tis) [jiiaog, middle; /3p(iy;i;ia, bronchus ; nig, inflammation]. An inflam- mation of the middle coat of the bronchial tubes. Mesobronchium {mez-o-bron' -ke-uni) \ji.taag, middle ; ^pbyx"^') bronchus]. One of the divisions of the trachea in birds. Mesocsecum {mez-o-se'-kum). See Mesocecum. Mesocardia (mez-o-kar' -de-ah) \}ikaog, middle ; xapSia, heart]. The position of the heart in the central and anterior part of the chest, a situation that is normal at an early stage of development. Mesocardium {mez-o-kar' -de-uni) [piaog, middle ; KapSla, heart]. A mesoblastic fold attached to the heart. Mesocarp (mez' -o-karp) \ji.tBog, middle; xapirdg, fruit]. In biology, the middle layer of a three-layered peri- carp ; the sarcocarp. Mesocecum [mez-o-se'-kum) [piaog, middle ; cacus, blind]. The mesentery that sometimes connects the dorsal part of the cecum with the right iliac fossa. Mesocele [mez'-o-sei) \_iiiaog, middle; ia>t7i,ia, cavity]. The cavity or ventricle of the mesencephal ; consider- able in lower vertebrates but in adult mammals re- duced to a slender passage, the aqueduct of Sylvius or iter a tertio ad quartum ventriculum. Mesoccelia [mez-o-se' -le-ah) \jiiaog, middle; njaCkia, cavity]. See Mesocele. Mesocephalic [mez-o-sef-al'-ik) \_piaog, middle; Ke(paX^, head]. See Megacepkalic. M. Pillars, in entomology, a pair of strong rods running from the front to the back of the inside of the head of certain insects [e. g., bees), and attached by their extremities just outside and below the antennae, and at the rear of the head beneath and on each side of the occipital opening. (Cheshire.) Mesocephalism [mez-o-sef'-al-izm), Mesocephaly [mez-o-sef -al-e) [}iiaoQ, middle ; Keipaiii, head]. The condition of having a mesocephalic skull. Mesocephalitis [mez-o-sef-al-i'-tis) \jikcsog, middle; Kt^cMi, head ; ntg, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mesocephalon or pons Varolii. Mesocephalon [mez-o-sef -al-oti). See Pons Varolii. Mesocerebrum (mez-o-ser'-e-brwri). See Pons Var- olii. Mesochil [mez-o-kil'), Mesochilium [mez-o-kil'-e-um) [//^(Tof, middle ; ;i;ciAo?, lip]. In biology, the middle part of the tripartite labellum of certain orchids. Mesochondriac [mez-o-kon'-dre-ak) [^p-iaog, middle; x6vSpog, cartilage] . Situated between any two con- tiguous tracheal cartilages. Mesochoroidea (mez-o-ko-roid-e' -ah) [p-hog, middle ; X^piov, the chorion; eldog, like]. The middle coat of the choroid. Mesocolic [mez-o-kol' -ik) [//laof, middle ; kuKov, colon]. Pertaining to the mesocolon. Mesocolon [mez-o-ko' -Ion) \jikaog, middle ; Kwkov, colon]. The mesentery connecting the colon with the posterior abdominal wall. It is divided into ascending, transverse, and descending ^axXs,. M., Sigmoid, the fold of the peritoneum connecting the sigmoid flexure with the left iliac fossa. Mesoconch [mez'-o-kongk) [jieaog, middle; KdyxVt a shell]. Possessing an orbital index of from 80° to 85°. Mesocoracoid [mez-o-kor' -ak-oid) \jj.kBug, middle ; Kdpa^, a raven; cWog, form]. In comparative an- atomy, situated between the hypercoracoid and the hypocoracoid ; specifically an element in the shoulder- girdle of certain bony fishes. tAesocoid [mez'-o- kord) [^^trof, middle ; chorda, cordi]. An abnormality of the umbilical cord in which, in- stead of being directly inserted into the placenta, it is received into a fold of the amnion arranged analogous to the meso-rectum. This condition does not inter' fere with the health of the child. MESOCORNEA 750 MESOPATAGIUM Mesocornea (mez-o-kor' -ne-aK) [|ii£(Tof, middle ; corneus, horny]. The proper substance of the cornea lying between the ectocornea and the entocornea. Mesocranium {mez-o-kra'-ne-mn). Synonym of Vertex. Mesocuneiform {niez-o-ku' -ne-if-orm) \jjico^, middle ; cuneus, wedge ; forma, form]. The middle cunei- form bone of the tarsus. Mesocyst [mez'-o-sist) [/i^ffof, middle ; Kiaric, bladder]. A double fold of peritoneum attaching the gall-blad- der to the liver. Mesoderm (mez' -o-dertn) \_fi.kaoq^ middle; Skpfia, skin]. In embryology, the middle of the three blastoder- mic layers of the germ in the metazoa. " The morphology of the mesoderm is one of the most vexed questions of the day. Scarcely an embryologist can be found who has not published opinions on this ques- tion considerably at variance with the opinions of others. It has been maintained that the mesoderm arises from the ectoderm ; that it arises from the ento- derm, or from both ; from neither, but from two spe- cial segmentation-spheres ; that it has a double origin, part coming from the blastoderm, part from the yolk ; and even that there is no mesoderm." (Minot.) Mesodiastolic i^mez-o-di-as-toV-ik') \^ft.kaoq, middle; SiaaToki), diastole] . Occurring in the middle of the diastolic period. Mesodme [mez-od'-me) [jieadifiij']. See Mediastinum. Mesodmitis (mez-od-mi' -tis). See Mediastinitis. Mesodont {mez'-o-dont). See Macrodont. Mesoduodenum {mez-o-du-o-de'-num) [/iicyog, middle ; duodeni, twelve each]. That part of the mesentery that sometimes connects the duodenum with the poste- rior wall of the abdominal cavity. Normally, the true duodenum has no mesentery, at least in its fully developed state. Mesoepidldymis {mez-o-ep-id-id' -im-is) \jiiBoq, mid- dle ; £7r«y«5!)/jtf, epididymis]. The fold of the tunica vaginalis attaching the epididymis to the upper poste- rior part of the testis. Mesogaster (mez-o-gas'-ter) [/iimg, middle ; yaar^p, stomach]. The part of the primitive gut giving rise to the duodenum, the liver, the pancreas, the jejunum, and the ileum. Mesogastric (mez-o-gas' -trik') \jiiaoQ, middle ; yaariip, stomach]. Pertaining to the umbilical region. Mesogastrium (inez-o-gas' -tre-um) \y,iaoq, middle ; yaariip, stomach], i. The umbilical region of the abdomen. 2. A fold of mesentery, which, in early fetal life, connects the stomach with the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. Mesogenous [mez-of -en-us) \jiiao^, middle ; ykviiz, born]. In biology, increasing by growth at or from the middle, as the spores of certain fungi. Mesoglcea (mez-o-gW -ah) \jiiaoq, middle ; yXo'ia, glue]. In biology, applied to the intercellular matrix or ground-substance of certain organisms. Mesoglossal [mez-o-glos'-al) [//effof, middle ; yXiiaaa, tongue]. Pertaining to the middle of the tongue. Mesogluteus (mez-o-glu' -te-us) [/i^aof, middle ; yXovrS;, the buttock]. The middle gluteal muscle. Mesognathic (mez-og-na' -thik) \_fikaoq, middle ; yvbSoq, jaw]. Relating to the mesognathion. See, also. Index, Mesognathion {mez-og-na' -the-ori) \jie. green]. A tasteless, polymeric form of chloral, said to have properties not unlike those of chloral hydrate. Unof. Metachoresis (met-ak-o' -res-is) [/zfra, beyond; x^PVC"S, agoing]. Metastasis; dislocation. S/letachromasia {met-ak-ro-ma' -ze-aK) \ji.eTd, beyond ; Xpc>/ia, color]. The chemico-chromatic changes in- duced in cells by the staining substances employed in histologic technic. Metachromatism {met-ak-ro' -mat-izm) [fitra, after; Xpo/ia, color]. Change of color, as of the hair. Metachrosis (met-ak-ro' -sis) \_/ieTa., beyond ; xp6t;£iv, to tinge, to stain]. In biology, applied to the change or play of colors seen in the squid, chameleon, and other animals. Metachysis {met-ak' -is-is) Ifterd, beyond ; x^^^i effu- sion]. The transfusion of blood. Also, the intro- duction of any substance into the blood by mechan- ical means. Metacinesis (met-as-in-e'-sis). Synonym oi Metakinesis . Metacism {met' -as-izm) [^OTO/cwTiUdf, from /ji), letter m]. Repetition of the letter m. Metacondyle {met-ak-on' -dlt) \jitr6., after; KMvhi^, knuckle]. Any distal phalanx of a finger, or the bone thereof. Metacone {met'-ak-ori) Ifterd, beyond; Kcyvoc, cone]. The outer posterior cusp of an upper molar tooth. Metaconid {met-ak-o'-nid) [|Uerd, beyond; Kuvof, cone] . The inner anterior cusp of a lower molar tooth. Metaconule {met-ak-o'-nul) {jjxra, beyond; kovoi;, cone]. The posterior intermediate cusp of an upper molar tooth. 48 'm.eXSL.ZTo\€i'a.{met-ak-ro'-le-iii)\jitrd, beyond; acer, sharp ; oleum, oil], (CjHjO)^. A" product of the burning of the HCl compound of acrolein with alka- lies or potassium carbonate. It crystallizes from alcohol in tablets, fusing at from 45° to 46° C, and dissociating at 160° C. Metacyesis {met-as-i-e'-sis) {jierd, beyond; KhriaL(, gestation]. Extra-uterine gestation, especially that which is begun in the oviduct and continued in the abdominal cavity. Metadermatosis [met-ad-er-mat-o' -sis) [jiSTa, beyond ; ^epfia, skin ; v6aoQ, disease]. A pathologic produc- tion of epidermis. Metadrasis {met-ad-ra' -sis) [^eto, over; dpamc, exer- tion] . Overwork of body or mind. Metafacial {met-af-a'-shal) \}i,tra, beyond; fades, face]. Posterior to the face. Metagaster {met-ag-as'-ter) [^fierd, beyond; yaarfip, stomach]. The primitive digestive tube from which the respiratory organs are developed. Metagastrula {met-ag-as'-tru-lah) \jitTd, beyond; yacTrjp, belly]. A modification of segmentation, pro- ducing a form of gastrula differing from the simple gastrula of the amphioxus. Metagenesis {met-aj-en'-es-is) [fierd, beyond, after; yereaig, production]. In biology, indirect develop- ment, or the alternation of differently-formed genera- tions which multiply in different ways, i. e., sexually or gemmiparously. Metagenetic, Metagenic {met-aj-en-et'-ik, met-aj-en'- ik) [jitrd, beyond; yiveai^, origin]. Relating to metagenesis. Metaglycerin {met-ag-lis' -er-in) [/ierd, beyond; y'Kv- Kep6(, sweet], C^HjjO^. An oily substance derived from glycerin by heating a solution of it in water to 100° C. or by treating glycerin with hydrochloric acid. Metagnathism {met-ag'-na-thiznC) \ji£Td, beyond; yvdfio;, the jaw]. In biology, applied to the crossing of the mandibles, as seen in certain birds, e.g., Loxia curvirostra. Metakinesis {met-ak-in-e' -sis) \_fxETd, toward ; kIvt^ulq, movement, change] . I. In biology, Waldeyer's term for the pithode, or barrel-stage of cell-division, in which the secondary threads or loops tend to pass toward the two poles of the nuclear spindle. 2. Any psychologic exhibition coordinate or correlate of kinesis. See Kinesis. Metakresol {met-ak-re' -sol) Ifiera, along with ; npiag, flesh ; oleum, oil], CjHjO^. A phenol isomeric with kresol. It boils at 201° C. (398.8° F.) and' has an odor like that of carbolic acid. Metal {met'-at) [/i^ra/l/W, a metal]. Any elementary substance distinguished by malleability, ductility, fusibility, and the basic character of its oxid. Metalbumin {met-al' -bu-min). See Paralbumin. Metalepsy {met'-al-ep-se) [^/lerdXr/ipii , participation]. In chemistry, change or variation produced by the displacement of an element or radicle in a compound by its chemic equivalent. It is the same as Substi- tution, q. V. Metaleptic {met-al-ep' -tik) \}LtTd\ri%i^, participation]. Relating to metalepsy ; also applied to a muscle, asso- ciated in its movement with another. Metallage, Metallaxis {met'-al-dj, met-al-aks'-is). Synonym of Metabasis, q. v. Metallenterophthisis {met-al-en-ter-off' -this-is) [p.iTa'k- Xov, metal ; Ivrepov, intestine ; ipdiaic, wasting]. In- testinal wasting or phthisis caused by metallic poison- ing. Metallic {met-al'-ik) \jikra'k'kao, metal]. Resembling a metal. M. Base for Artificial Teeth, a metallic plate adapted to such portion of the alveolar arch as METALLIFORM 754 METANIL-YELLOW is deprived of natural teeth, and is supplied with an artificial substitute. Gold and platinum are the most suitable metals for this purpose, and those usually employed by American dentists ; but silver is also very frequently used. M. Taste, a peculiar taste observed in certain diseases, and also after the ingestion of some of the metallic poisons. M. Tinkling, the peculiar quality given to a sound produced in a cavity in a tuberculous lung, or in a pleural sac containing a liquid exudate and a layer of air above it. M. Tractors, the instruments used by Perkins in his system of metallo-therapy. See Perkinism. Metalliform [met-al' -if-orni). See Metallic. Metalline (>net' -al-ln) \_iitTaUov, metal]. Consisting of metal. Metallochymia {met-al-o-kim' -e-aK) \jiiTaX'>MV, metal ; Xv/iela, chemistry]. The chemistry of metals. Metallodynia {met-al-o-din' -e-ah) [jMiraXkov, metal ; bSiivrj, pain]. Pain caused by metallic poisoning. Metalloid (/Kf/'-flZ-OTo') [|U^TaA/lov, metal ; eHoj, form]. I. Resembling a metal in luster and color. 2. Any non-metallic element. Metallophagia (met-al- o -fa' -je- ah), Metallophagy {met-al-off ' -a-je) \jj£TajXoi}, metal ; (jiayeiv, to eat]. The insane impulse to swallovir metallic objects. Metalloscopy [met-al-os' -ko-pe) \_)UTa'k'km, a metal ; OKOTi-eiv, to examine] . The art of determining by ex- ternal application vifhat metals or metallic substances act most easily and favorably upon a given person. See also Metallotkerapy . Metallotherapy (met-al-o-ther' -ap-e) \jikrak'>vav , metal; dzpoKzla, therapy]. A method of treating certain hysteric or paralytic affections by the application of different metals to the affected part. There is usually a transfer of the anesthesia or paralysis to the limb of the other side. This method is called also Burcquism and Metalloscopy. An old method of similar character v?as called Perkinism. Metallotoxemia (met-al-o-toks-e'-me-aK) ^fisraAhiv, metal ; ro^mdv, poison ; alfia., blood] . Toxemia, or blood-poisoning, due to the ingestion of a metal. Metamere (met'-am-lr) [lUerd, after ; /itpof, part]. Any one of the theoretic segments of a vertebrate animal. Metameric {met-am-er' -ik) [jieTd, after ; filpog, part]. A qualification applied to isomeric bodies containing several different carbon groups held in combination by an atom of higher valence. !Metamerid (inet-am'-er-id') [/^era, after ; lU^pof, part]. A group of metameric bodies ; usually applied to the more complex metameric substances. Metamerism {met-am'-er-izm) [/i£rd, after ; fiipof, a. part]. A change in the arrangement of the parts or atoms of a chemic compound ; a form of isomerism. Metamethylphenol {met-am-eth-il-fe'-nol). Same as Metakresol. Metamorphia (met-am-or' -fe-ah). Synonym of Meta- morphin. Metamorphic (met-am-or' -fik) \jier6,, across ; fiop^, form]. Pertaining to metamorphosis ; also synonymous with metamorphous. Metamorphin (met-am-or' -Jin) \_iiet&, beyond ; Mor- pheus, the god of sleep]. An alkaloidal decomposi- tion-product obtained from the mother-liquor of mor- phin-manufacture. It is said to be narcotic and su- dorific, but is little known and seldom used. Unof. Metamorphism (met-am-or' -fizm). See Metamorphosis. Metamorphologfy (met-am-or- fol' -o-je) [^/zsTa/idpfaaig, a transformation; Wyof, science]. In biology, the science of the changes of form passed through by individual organisms in the course of their life-his- tories. Metamorphopsia (met-am-or-fop'-se-aK), Metamor- phopsy (met-am-or' -fop-se) \_/ieTa/iopil>6etv, to change shape ; 6ipi(, sight] . An apparent distortion or change of form of objects, supposed to be produced by changes in the relative position of the retinal end- organs. Metamorphosing (met-am-or-fo' -zing) l/iEra/idpipsiv, to change shape]. Altering; changing. M. Breath- sound, a variety of breathing related to the existence of a cavity. It occurs only in inspiration, and consists of a very harsh sound, which lasts for about one-third of the period of inspiration, when it is continued as blowing respiration, attended with metallic echo or ordinary riles. It is produced by the air entering the cavity through a narrow opening. Metamorphosis (met- am- or' -fo- sis) [^erd, across; p,opp6;, kidney]. In biology, the kidney proper of vertelirates. The posterior of the three segmental bodies of the fetus ; it forms the rudiment of the permanent kidney and ureter. It is a special portion of the Wolffian body, that develops late, and only occurs in the amniota as a gland dis- tinct from the mesonephros. Cf. Pronephros, Meso- nephros. Metanil-yellow (met'-an-il-yel'-o). Sodium-phenyl- amido-benzol-meta-sulphonate ; a substance used in counter-staining tissues. See Pigments, Conspectus of. METANOTUM 755 METASPONDYLUM Metanotum [met-an-o'-tum) [^/leri, behind ; votov, the back: p/., Metanota]. In biology, the third and last segment of the notum, or dorsal part of the meta- thorax of an insect. Metaparapteron (met-ap-ar-ap' -ter-on) [pera, with ; Trapd, beside ; wrspdv, wing : p/., Metaparaptera\. In biology, the third sclerite in the metapleuron of an insect. Metapedium (met-ap-e'-de-uni). Synonym of .^to- tarsus. Metapeptone {met-ap-ep' -tori) [/iera, beyond ; ir^'ipig, digestion] . A substance obtained by Meissner from the fluid resulting from the acid peptic digestion of any proteid after the parapeptone had been removed. The latter having been removed by filtration, to the filtrate was added some acid, and a precipitate was secured, to which was given the foregoing name. Meissner further describes a residue insoluble in dilute acids, but solu- ble in dilute alkalies, that made its appearance during the digestion of casein, and to this he gave the name of dyspeptone. Metapeptone is said to be intermedi- ate between parapeptone and dyspeptone. Metaphases (met-af-a' -zis) \jura, after, following ; ^au;, a phase]. In biology, the final phase or set of phenomena of karyokinesis, from the division of the nuclear fibrils to the separation of the daughter-nuclei. (Strasburger.) Cf. Anaphases, Prophases. lAeta.-phsnylendiamin{mei-a/-eK-iI-en-di'-am-m)[^/ieTd, beyond ; phenylendiamin^ . A base similar in action to the toxic ptomains, quickly producing death in ani- mals, preceded by ptyalism, vomiting, diarrhea, and ex- cessive urinary secretion. See Paraphenylendiamin. Metaphery {met-af -er-e") [^era, over; fepeiv, to carry]. In biology, the transposition or displacement of floral organs. Metaphlogosis [met-af-lo-go'-sis') [jiera, beyond; (pUyuaic, a burning]. Severe inflammation with much engorgement, but of short duration. Metaphosphoric Acid (?«^i'-^oj-/o?-'-«i)[(UeTa, beyond; phosphorus'\. See Acid, Phosphoric. M. Test for Albumin. See Tests, Table of. Metaphrenon (met-af -ren-ori) \jj£tIi, beyond ; ^pfp, diaphragm]. The space between the shoulders. Metaphysical {met-ctf-iz' -ik-al) Ifierd, after ; (pvama, physics]. Of or pertaining to metaphysics. M. Mania, doubting insanity. M. School, a name as- sumed for an alleged system of medicine; the so- called mind-cure. Metaphysician {met-af-is-ish' -an) \_fitTa, after ; tfivmica, physics] . A term that has been applied to one who practises the mind-cure. Metaphysicist {niet-af-iz' -is-isi). Same as Metaphysi- cian. Metaphysics [mef-af-iz'-iks) [fieri, beyond; ^aiq, nature]. That science which includes the investiga- tion and discussion of the nature of mind and all supersensible phenomena. M., Medical, the con- sideration of the essential nature and cause of disease. The philosophy of disease. Metaphysis (met-af -is -is'). Synonym of Metamor- phosis. Metaplasia (met-ap-la' -ze-ah) [fieri, beyond ; ivliaaem, to form] . A transformation of a tissue into another without the intervention of an embryonal tissue. It occurs only among tissues closely related, and is most common in the connective tissues. Fibrous tissue may be transformed directly into bone, myxomatous into adipose tjssue. Metaplasia occurs also in epithe- lium. Metaplasis {met-ap' -las-is) [fieri, over ; nMaic, forma- tion]. Fulfilled growth and development seen in the stage between anaplasis and cataplasis. Metaplasm [met'-ap-laztn) [fieri, beyond; n?i.ia/id, molded material]. In biology, the name given by Hanstein to the granular substances mingled with pro- toplasm. Properly, protoplasm that has passed be- yond its highest stage of perfection ; a catastate. The term is used also as a synonym of anas/ate, and as a general term for both anastates and catastates. Metaplastic {rnet-ap-las' -tik) [fieri, beyond; Tr'kaaiK.ii;, plastic]. Pertaining to metaplasia. Metapleuron (tnet-ap-lu' -rori) [^erd, with; nXevpiv, a rib : pi. , Metapleura'] . In biology, one of the lateral divisions of the metathorax of an insect, Metaplex [mel'-ap-leks), Metaplexus [met-ap-leks'-us) [fieri, behind; plexus, a twining]. The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle, Metapneustic [met-ap-nits' -iik) [fieri, behind ; nvev- ariKif, of or for breathing]. In biology, applied to that state of the tracheal system in insect larvae in which all the stigmata remain closed, except the last pair, through adaptation to parasitism or an aquatic life, Metapodialia (met-ap-o-de-a'-le-oK) [fieri, behind; 7ro{)f, foot]. In osteology, a collective term applied to the bones of the metacarpus and metatarsus con- sidered as a segment of the fore-limb or hind-limb, respectively. Cf, Mesopodialia. Metapedium {met-ap-o' -de-um) [fieri, behind ; Trodf , foot: //, , Metapodia"]. In biology, the posterior of the three sections into which the foot of some mol- luscs may be divided, A synonym of Metatarsus. Cf Mesopodium, Propodium. Metapophysis [met-ap-off' -is-is') [jitri, after ; air6 -te-or-izm, me-te-or- iz'-mus) [/lereapl^tLv , to elevate]. Distention of the abdomen with gases ; tympanites. Meteoristic (me-te-or-is' -tiU) [^/isreupiCew, to elevate]. Synonym of Tympaniiic. Meteorization (me-te-or-iz-a'-shun) [(KETeupifeii/, to elevate] . The formation of gas in the abdomen ; the production of meteorism. JAeisoiology [me - ie - or - of - o -j'e) [jiieriupov, meteor; 7i6yo^, a treatise]. The science of the phenomena of the atmosphere and the laws of its motions. Metepencephalon {met-ep-en-sef -al-on) [(liera, after; km, upon; jy/cf^aAof, brain]. The metencephalon and epencephalon considered together. It includes the cerebrum, the oblongata, and the pons. Metepicele [mei-ep'-is-ll) \_iieTd, beyond; kni, upon; mikia, belly]. The fourth ventricle of the brain ; the ventricle of the metepencephalon ; the metacele and epicele taken together. Metepimeron {met - ep - itn' - er - on) \jiiTd, after; im, upon ; jajp6i, a thigh : //. , Metepimera] . In biology, the epimeron or lateral piece of the metathorax of an insect. Metepistemum (met-ep-is-ter' -nuni) [|Uerd, after; ettj, upon ; aripvov, breast, breast-bone : pL, Metepisferna]. In biology, one of the episterna of the metathorax of an insect. Meter {me'-ter) [fiirpov, measure]. See Metric System. M. -angle. See Angle. Methacetin (meth-as' -et-iri) \jieTa, beyond ; acetum, vinegar], CgHj^NOj. An analogue of phenacetin, having the same Antipyretic qualities as the latter, and more soluble. Dose from 2 to 4 grains exhibited with great caution. Unof. Methal [meth'-al) [jiera, with; iikri, matter], CjjHj^O. An alcohol, not yet isolated, occurring in spermaceti. Methane (meth'-an) \jj,tra, with ; vkn, matter], CH4. Marsh-gas. The first member of the homologous series of paraffins, CnHjn^ j. It occurs in nature wherever decomposition of organic matter is going on , especially in marshes. It is inflammable, and unites readily with the halogens. See Carbohydrates^ Table of. Metheglin {me-tkeg'-lin) [Welsh, medd, mead ; llyn, liquor]. A variety of mead, or hydromel. See Hydromel. Methemochymia {meth-em-o-W-me-aK) [/iera, amid; d!i)ia, blood; x^'i-^t to pour]. Synonym of Transfu- sion. Metbemoglobin [met- kern- o-glo' -bin) \_ij£t6,, with ; al/ia, blood; globus, a ball]. A modified form of hemo- globin produced by exposing blood, or solutions of hemoglobin, to the air for some time. It may be ob- tained in crystalline form as reddish-brown needles that are doubly refracting and readily soluble in water, though less so than oxyhemoglobin. It is the pro- duct either of the incomplete decomposition of hemo- globin or of its excessive oxidation ; the oxygen is more firmly combined in it than in oxyhemoglobin. In- poisoning with potassium chlorate, the nitrites, ace- tanilid, and some other bodies, the blood contains metbemoglobin. Methemoglobinemia {met- hem -o-glo- bin - e'- me-ak) [lina, with ; alfia, blood ; globus, a ball ; al/ia, blood]. The presence of free metbemoglobin in the blood. See Methemoglobin. Methemoglobinuria {met-hem-o-glo-bin-u' -re-ah) [^era, with ; dijia, blood ; globus, a ball ; cnipov, urine] . The presence of free methemoglobin in the urine. Metheziphrenesis {meth-eks-if-ren-e' -sis) {m^Ov, wine ; Efif, habit; ippiv^aig, inflammation of 'the brain]. Delirium tremens. Methexomania {meth-eks-o-ma' -ne-aK) [ftiflv, drink; Ifif, habit; //awa, madness]. See AfetXomania. Methilepsia {meth-il-ep' -se-aK) \_fifiri, drink ; Toit^k, seizure] . Irresistible desire for strong drink. Methoblostatics {meth-o-bi-o-staf -iks) {jiiBri, strong drink; /Siof, life; arariKdg, causing to stand]. The study of the influence of alcoholic excess. Method {meth'-od) \_fik6o6oQ, method]. A system or plan of procedure. M. of Definite Mixtures. See Anesthetic. M., Intensive. See Pasteur. M. of Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of. Methodism {meth' - od - izm) [fikdoSoc, way, system]. The system of the treatment of disease according to a strict method, as taught by an ancient school or sect of physicians. Methodist {meth' -od-ist) \_iddoSoQ, system]. A follower of methodism. Methogastrosis {meth -0 - gas -tro'- sis) [fiiBv, wine; yaur^p, stomach; Ktiirof, disease]. Digestive disturb- ances consequent upon alcoholic excess. Methol {meth'-ol) [//erd, with ; vkri, matter]. One of the names of methylic alcohol. Methomania {meth-o-ma' -ne-ah) {j^iB?!, drunkenness ; fiavla, madness]. I. Same as Mania a potu. 2. (More often) the irresistible desire for strong drink ; dipsomania. Methyl (meth' -it) \jitTa., with ; vkri, matter]. In chem- istry, a radicle molecule, having the composition CH3. It is the base of a large number of compounds, in- cluding an alcohol, methyl-spirit, and several ptomains. M. -alcohol {wood-spirit), obtained in the destruc- tive distillation of wood. It has a purely spirituous odor, a specific gravity of .7995 at 15° C, and boils at 55.1° C. It is miscible in all proportions with water, ordinary alcohol, and ether. M. -alizarin, CjjHjdOj ; a substance obtained by fusing methyl- anthraquinone sulphonic acid with alkalies. It is very similar to alizarin, melting at 25o°-252° C. , and readily subliming in red needles. M.-anilin, CgH5.NH(CH3); an anilin derivative. Boiling at I90°-I9l° C, it has an odor resembling that of anilin, and a specific gravity at 15° C. of 0.976. The methylated anilins are techni- cally applied in the production of anilin dye-stuffs. They are formed on heating anilin together with HCl- anilin and methyl-alcohol to 200° C. or better still, by conducting CHjCl into boiling anilin. M. -anthra- cene, CijHjj ; a substance obtained on heating emodin with zinc-dust. It occurs in crude anthracene, and is obtained from oil of turpentine on exposure to a red heat. It resembles anthracene, crystallizes from alco- hol in yellow leaflets, and melts at 190° C. M.- arabinose. SeeRhamnose. M. -benzene. See Tolu- ene. M.-blue, a basic anilin dye used for staining bac- teria. See Pigments, Conspectus of. M.-chlorid, CH3CI, a liquefied gas used in the form of a spray as a local anesthetic for the relief of sciatica and similar neuralgic affections. See Anesthetic. M. -ether, C^- HjO ; dimethyl oxid, an inflammable gas; also, a salt of methyl. M.-glycocoU. See Sarcosin. M. -green, an anilin dye. See Pigments, Conspectus of. M.- guanamin, C4H,N5 ; a crystalline body, readily solu- ble in hot water and in alcohol. M.-guanidin, CjHjNj; methyluramin ; a colorless, highly hygro- scopic, and strongly alkaline base, insoluble in alcohol. It is the product of the oxidation of kreatin and kreatinin, and has been obtained from horseflesh after four months' decomposition at low temperature, and from cultures of the comma-bacillus. It is a colorless, easily deliquescing mass, possessing a strong alkaline reaction, and is highly poisonous. The symptoms METHYLAL 758 METRATOME to which toxic doses give rise are dyspnea, muscle- tremor, and general clonic convulsions. See Ptomains, Table of . M.-heptose. ^e.e Carbohydrates, Table of. M.-hexose. See Carbohydrates, Table of. M.-hy- dantoin, M.-hydrantoin, a crystalline substance, obtained by fusing together sarcosin and urea, or by decomposing kreatinin. It melts at 145° C. M.- hydrid, marsh-gas. M.-indol. See Skatol. M.- orange. See Pigments, Conspectus of. M. -phenyl Ether. See Anisol. M. -phenyl-ketone. Same as Hypnone. M. Salicylate, CjHjOj ; an oily liquid of a peculiar odor, constituting 90 per cent, of the oil of wintergreen ; it has been used in rheumatism in- stead of the alkaline salicylates. M. -spirit. See M.-alcohol. M.-uramin. See M.-guanidin. M.- violet, an anilin dye used for staining bacteria. Under the name of Pyoktanin Stilling recommends it very highly as an effective bactericide. Dose gr. j-v. Unof. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Methylal [meth'-il-al) \_iJ.tTa, with ; vli), matter ; alco- hol^, CjHgO^. A substance prepared by distilling methyl-alcohol with sulphuric acid. It is hypnotic and antispasmodic. Dose 3 j . Unof. Methylamin [meth-il' -am-in) [lUerd, with j vkri, matter ; aminl. A colorless gas having the composition N(CH3)Hj, easily condensing to a colorless liquid. It is used mainly as a reagent in certain organic tests. It occurs also as a ptomain in certain putrefactions, notably that of fish. It is also found in herring-brine, to which it gives odor. Methylate (tnetk' -il-at) [^erd, with; iiAi?, matter]. Methyl-alcohol in which a metal substitutes the hydrogen of the hydroxyl. Methylated [meth'-il-a-ied) [^fierd, with; iX-^, matter]. Containing methyl-alcohol. M. Spirits, methyl-alco- hol, wood-alcohol. The strongest methylated spirit free from mineral naphtha, can be used in place of 90 per cent, alcohol for hardening and preserving purposes. Methylation (meth-il-a'-shun) [//erii, with ; vTiTj, mat- ter] . The process of mixing a substance with methyl- alcohol. Methylene (meth'-il-en) [|UET(i, with ; v'ati, matter] , CHj. A bivalent hydrocarbon radicle that does not exist free, but occurs in many compounds. See Anes- thetic. M.-blue, CijHjjNjSCl ; a coal-tar dye pre- pared from dimethylanilin ; it is much used in the arts and as a stain in bacteriology. Its 10 per cent, solution is recommended as a local application in diphtheria, tonsillitis, scarlatinal sore-throat, and other inflammatory conditions, and internally admin- istered it has proved serviceable as an antiperiodic and antalgic. Dose gr. jss in capsule. Unof. M. Dichlorid, CH^Clj ; a general anesthetic, frequently used instead of chloroform. It is as- serted by Genther and Eichholz to be more suscep- tible of management than the latter in protracted oper- ations. Much of the methylene dichlorid contains 50- 75 per cent, of chloroform. Unof. See Anesthetic. Methylic (meth-il' -ik) l/ierd, with ; {lA?;, matter]. Con- taining methyl. Pertaining to methyl. Methylized (meth'-il-lzd). Synonym of Methylated. Methysis (meth' -is-is) \_/xe6vaig, from fieBiieiv, to be intoxicated]. Intoxication. Methyskotnania {meth-is-ko-ma'-ne-ah) [fiMciieiv, to make drunk ; fiavia, madness] . Same as Metho- mania ; dipsomania. Methystic [meth-is' -tic) IfiedvanKdi, from /xeBiieiv, to be intoxicated]. I. Intoxicant. 2. An intoxicating agent. Methysticin (meth-is' -tis-in) [/ieOvaTiicdc, intoxicating]. A crystalline principle obtained from Kava-kava, closely allied to piperin. It is a neutral, tasteless sub- stance, sparingly soluble in cold, but more freely in hot water, easily soluble in alcohol and ether. It is also called Kavahin. Metis (ma'-tis) [Fr.]. A half-breed of French and Indian parentage. See Mulatto. Metoarion [met-o-a' -re-on) \_iiETa, after; iidpiov, the ovule]. The corpus luteum. Metodontiasis (met-o-don-ti'-as-is) [fiera, after; hSav- Tidv, to cut teeth]. The second dentition ; also, abnor- mality of teething. Metcecesis [met-es-e'-sis) [|U£rd, beyond ; olKr;aig, the act of dwelling] . Transposition ; displacement. Metopagus (met-op'-ag-us) [/leToirov, front; Kayio^, joined] . An ensomphalic twin monstrosity with united foreheads. Metopantralgia (met-o-pan-traV -je-ah) [fihairav, fore- head ; dvrpov, cave ; dXyof, pain] . Pain or neural- gia of the frontal sinus. Metopantritis (met-o-pan-tri'-tis) {jihairov, forehead ; dvTpov, cave ; itiq, inflammation] . Inflammation of the metopantron. Metopantron, Metopantrum [met-o-pan'-tron, met-o- pan'-trum) [|U£TU7roi', forehead ; avrpov, cave]. The frontal sinus. Metope {met'-o-pe) [/i^ruirov, face]. In biology, that portion of the frontal surface of a crustacean in which the antennae are situated. Same as Fades. Metopic [met-op'-ik) [iieruivov, forehead], I. Relating to the forehead ; frontal. 2. A name applied to a cranium having a medio-frontal suture. M. Points. See Craniometric Points. Metopion (met-o' -pe-on) \jiir(jTrov, forehead]. See Craniometric Points. Metopism (met' -o-pizm) [fihuirov, forehead]. Persist- ence of the frontal suture in adult life. See Metopon. Metopium (met-o' -pe-um). Synonym of Metopon. Metopodynia (met-o-po-din' -e-aK) \jikrumov, forehead ; bSiivri, pain]. Frontal headache. Metopon (met' -o-pon) [^/j-ercyrrov, forehead ; from fzerd, between ; i)ip, eye]. Forehead; also an old name for galbanum. Metopopagia (met-o-po-pa'-je-ah). Synonym of Meto- pagus. Metoposcopy (met-op-os' -ko-pe) [//^ruirov, forehead; OKoirelv, to examine]. A variety of phrenology in which the character or the future of an individual is supposed to be determined by an inspection of the forehead. M&tostGon (piet-os^ -te-on) [^erd, after ; offr^ov, a bone : pl.,Metostea']. In biology, the posterior lateral piece of the sternum of a bird. Metovum (met-o'-vum) £/iETd, after; a6v, egg: pi., Metova"]. In embryology, an ovum that has been modified from its primitive condition as an egg-cell or protovum ; an after-egg or deutovum. Cf. Ovicell, Ovum. Metra (me'-trah) [^/i^rpa, uterus]. The uterus. Metralgia (met-ral' -je-ah) [jiiiTpa, womb ; akyoq, pain]. Pain or neuralgia of the uterus. Metranastrophe (met-ran-as'-tro-fe) [//i^rpa, womb ; dvaaTpotj)^, a turning upside down]. Inversion of the uterus. Metranemia (met-ran-e'-me-ah) [jj-iirpa, womb; a, priv. ; ai;ua, blood], Uterine anemia. Metraneurysm (met-ran'-u-rizm) [fi^rpa, womb; dvebpvafia, dilatation]. Dilatation of the uterus or vulva. Metrasia (mei-ra'-ze-ah). Synonym of Metratresia. Metratome (met' -rat-om) \_iiiiTpa, womb ; TOj^, a cut- ting]. An instrument for incising the womb. METRATONIA 759 METROLEUKORRHEA Metratonia (met-rat-o' -ne-ah) \ji7irpa, womb ; ajov'm, atony]. Atony of the uterus. Metratresia (met-rat-re' -ze-ah) \jiiiTpa, womb ; arpiiaia, atresia]. Atresia or imperforation of the womb. Metratrophia {met-rat-ro' -fe-ah) [^fi^rpa, womb; arpo- (jila, atrophy]. Atrophy of the uterus. Metrauxe [met-rawks' -e) l/ir/rpa, womb; aif7, in- crease]. Hypertrophy or enlargement of the uterus. Metre [me'-ter). S}te Metric System. Metrechoscope (met-rek'-o-skop') [ (UeT/aov, measure ; ijX^, round; ufcoffeiv, to inspect]. An instrument for applying metrechoscopy. Metrechoscopy {met-rek-os' -ko-pe) \}ikrpm, measure ; ^;if^, round; (T/coTreZi', to inspect]. Combined ausculta- tion and mensuration. Metrectasia {met-rek-ia' -ze-ah) [^/iT/rpa, womb ; eKTaaig, a stretching]. Dilatation of the womb.' Metrectatic (met-rek-tat' -ik) [/i^rpa, womb; inraaiQ, a stretching] . Affected with, or pertaining to, metrec- tasia. Metrectomy [met-rek' -to-me) [/i^rpo, womb ; eKTOfiij, excision]. Excision or surgical removal of the womb. Metrectopia, Metrectopy (met-rek-to'-rpe-ah, met-rek'- to-pe) \jiijTpa, womb; £(CT07rof, displaced] . Displace- ment of the womb. Metrelcosis (met-rel-ko'-sis^ [^/i^rpa, womb; £A/cof, ulcer]. Uterine ulceration. Metremia [met-re'-me-aK] \jJjTpa, womb; al//o, blood]. Congestion of the uterus. Metremorrhagia {met-rem-or-a'-je-ah). Synonym of Metrorrhagia. Metreraorrhoid [met-rem' -or-oid) [|U^Tpa, womb; al/ia, blood; l)oia, flow]. A hemorrhoid of the uterus. Metremphraxis (met-rem-/rais'-is) [jiiiTpa, uterus; k^pdcTBEiv, to obstruct]. Congestion, or infarction, of the uterine tissues. Metremphysema [met-rem-Jis-e'-mak'). Synonym of Pkysometra. Metreurysma {inet-ru-riz' -mah) [fiijrpa, womb ; evpi)q, wide]. Morbid dilatation, or width of the womb. Metrja {me'-tre-ak) \_//.^Tpa, womb]. Any uterine affec- tion. The term is used also as a synonym of Puerperal Fever. Metric [met'-rik) [fierpov, a measure]. Pertaining to the system of weights and measures, of which the meter is the basis. M. System, a decimal system of weights and measures employed in France, Germany, and other countries, and used generally in the sciences. The standard is the meter, the i-xi^TyVirTnr P^''' °^ ^ quadrant of a meridian circle of the earth. The standard of capacity is the liter, a cubical volume ■j-'j meter in each dimension. The standard of weight is the gram, the weight of YiyVtr '''^'' (°"^ cubic centimeter) of dis- tilled water at its maximum density. The unit of superficial measure is the are, a square whose side is 10 meters or a decameter. As the unit of microscopic measurement the thousandth part of a millimeter has been adopted. It is called micron or microm, micro- millimeter; abbreviated, /i. The multiples are ex- pressed by the prefixes deca, hecto, and kilo ; the sub- divisions by the prefixes deci, centi, and milli. looo grams loo grams 10 grams .1 gram .01 gram .001 gram 1 kilogram. I hectogram. 1 decagram. I decigram. I centigram. I milligram. 1000 meters = I kilometer. 100 meters = I hectometer. 10 meters = I decameter. .1 meter = I decimeter. .OI meter = I centimeter. .001 meter = I millimeter. 1000 liters __ I kiloliter. lOO liters = I hectoliter. 10 liters = I decaliter. .1 liter ^ I deciliter. .01 liter = I centiliter. ,OOI liter =- I milliliter. In common practice, however, the following divis- ions only are used, the others being expressed in figures : — 10 millimeters = i centimeter. IOC centimeters = i meter. 1000 meters = i kilometer. 1000 cubic centimeters I liter. 1000 milligrams = i gram, looo grams =^ i kilogram. The following are the equivalent values: — I meter = 39.37 inches. I liter = 1 quart ^ gill, U. S.- measure. I gram = 15.43 grains. I minim = 0.061 cubic centimeter. See, also. Weights and Measures. Metrine (met'-ren) \_ii^Tpa, womb]. A term given to the germ of puerperal fever. See Bacillus puerpera- lis, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Metritic (met-rif -ik) [/z^rpa, womb; itiq, inflammation]. Pertaining to, or affected with, metritis. Metritis (met-ri'-tis) [jiiiTpa, womb ; triq, inflammation]. Inflammation of the uterus. M., Exanthematous, a form occurring in the course of one of the eruptive fevers. M. gravidarum, metritis occurring in a pregnant woman. M., Puerperal, metritis occurring during the puerperium. M. rheumatica, metritis due to rheumatism or occurring in a rheumatic subject. M., Suppurative, metritis proceeding to suppuration. Metroblennorrhea (met-ro-blen-or-e'-ah) [fiiiTpa, womb; /S/tewa, mucus ; /)ola, a flow]. Uterine blen- norrhea. Metrocace {met-rok' -as-e) [^/li/rpa, womb ; KCKdc, evil]. Same as Metrelcosis. Metrocampsis {met-ro-kamp^ -sis) [fiiiTpa, womb ; /cd/i- i/i/f, bending] . Obliquity or curvation of the uterus. Metrocarcinoma [met-ro-kar-sin-o'-mah) \_jiiiTpa, womb; Kapiciva/m, carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the uterus. Metrocele [met' -ro-sll) \jiiiTpa, womb ; nij'krj, hernia] . Hernia of the uterus. Metrocholosis (met-ro-kol-o' -sis') [jifjTpa, womb ; x^^^it bile] . Puerperal fever with hepatic symptoms ; bilious puerperal fever. Metroclyst {met'-ro-klist) [jiijTpa, womb ; x/liifejv, to wash out]. An instrument for giving uterine douches. Metrocolpocele (met-ro-kol' -po-sel) [fifirpa, womb ; k6X- TTOf, vagina; k^Titi, tumor]. A tumor of the vagina and womb ; prolapse of the uterus into the vagina. Metrocyte [met' -ro-sit) [/i^rpa, womb ; kvtoc, cell]. A large mononuclear, spheroid cell, of which the proto- plasm contains hemoglobin. It is by Engel considered the source of all of the corpuscular elements of the blood. See also Mother-cell. Metrodynamometer {met-ro-di-nam-om' -et-er) \ji.ijTpa, womb ; Svvafu^, power ; fierpov, measure]. An instru- ment for measuring uterine contractions. Metrodynia itnet-ro-din' -e-ah) \jiifvpa, womb ; hfiimri, pain]. Any pain of the womb. Metrodystocia (met-ro-dis-to'-ke-ah) [/ji/rpa, uterus; SvoTOKia, painful delivery]. Dystocia whose cause resides in the uterus. Metroectasia (met-ro-ek-ta' -ze-ah) . Synonym of Met- rectasia. Metrofibroma {met-ro-fi-bro' -mah) [fi^rpa, womb ; fibroma, fibrous tumor]. Uterine fibroid tumor. Metroleukorrhea (met-ro-lu-kor-e'-ah) \_iiijTpa, womb( Aemiif, white; ,6010, flow]. Uterine leukorrhea. METROLOGY 760 METRYPERESTHESIA Metrology {met-rol' -o-je) \_iilTpov, measure ; X6yo(, science]. The science of measures and of measure- ments. Metroloxia (met-ro-loks' -e-ah) \_/j^pa, womb ; /lofi5f, oblique] . Obliquity of the uterus ; hysteroloxia. MetTO-lymphangitis {met' -ro-lim-fan-ji' -tis) [_/i^Tpa, womb; Au/i^a, lymph; ayyelov, vessel; niq, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels of the womb. Uterine lymphangitis. Metromalacoma {met-ro-mal-ak-o' -mahy See Hyste- romalacoma. Metromalacosis {met-ro-mal-ak-o' -sis) \jii)Tpa, womb ; /laTuiKSg, soft]. The condition and progress of soften- ing of the tissues of the uterus. Metromania {met-ro-ma'-ne-ah). See Hysteromania and Nymphomania. Metromania (met-ro-ma'-ne-ah) \_iitTpo\>, measure; jiavia, mania]. A mania for writing poetry. Metromaniac [met-ro-ma' -ne-ak) [ixtrpov, measure ; fiavia, mania] . One insanely fond of writing verses. Metromeflanorrhea {mei-ro-mel-an-or-e' -ah) {jifjTpa, womb; /i^/laf, black ; /)oia, flow]. A black discharge from the uterus. MetTometer (met-rom' -et-er). See Hysterometer. Metrometry \met-rom' -et-re). See Hysterometry. Metronania [met-ro-na^ -ne-ah) [^^rpa, womb; vduog, dwarf]. Abnormal smallness of the womb. Metroncus {met-rong'-kus). See Hysteroncus. Metroneurosis (met-ro-nu-ro' -sis)\jiiiTpa, womb; vzvpa- aic, neurosis]. Any neurosis caused by uterine disease. Metronome {met'-ro-nom) \_fiSTpov, measure ; vdfwg, law]. An instrument for measuring time in music ; also one for testing the hearing. Metroparalysis (niel-ro-par-al' -is-is) \_fiiiTpa, womb; •KapaXvaiq, paralysis]. Uterine paralysis. Metropathic (met-ro-path' -ik) \jiriTpa, womb ; iraSog, disease]. Pertaining to affections of the womb. Metropathy [inet-rop' -ath-e) \jj,^Tpa, womb ; irdOog, suf- fering]. Any uterine disease. Metroperissia {met-ro-per-is'-e-ah) {jiijTpa, womb; irepiaadg, full]. Hypertrophy of the uterus. Metroperitonitis intet-ro-per-it-on-i' -tis) [|U)jT/Da,womb ; neptrSvaiov, peritoneum ; iTic, inflammation]. Peri- tonitis secondary to inflammation of the womb. Metropexia, Metropexy {met-ro-peks'-e-ah, met'-ro- peks-e). See Hysteropexia. Metrophlebitis (met-ro-fle-bi' -tis) \jiiiTpa, womb ; Ai.-^, vein ; m^, inflammation] . Inflammation of the veins of the uterus. Metrophlegmymen (met- ro -fleg - mi'- men) 1/j.^Tpa, womb; (l)liyfia, mucus; i/j.iiv, membrane]. The mucosa of the uterus. Metrophlegmymenitis (met-ro-fleg-mi-men-i' -tis) \jiil- Tpa, womb; ayyla, sponge; bija, tumor]. A spongy tumor of the uterus. Metrostaxis [met-ro-staks' -is) \jiiiTpa, womb; ara^ig, & dropping] . Slight but persistent uterine hemorrhage. Metrostenosis [met-ro-sten-o' -sis) \_iiiirpa, womb ; CTk- vaitjcg, contraction]. Contraction of the cavity of the womb. Metrosteresis (met-ro-s/er-e'-sis) [nijTpa, womb ; ark- pTiaiQ, deprivalj. Removal or absence of the uterus. Metrotome [met' - ro - torn) [^n^rpa, womb; ro/j^, a cutting]. Same as Hysterotome. Metrotomy [met-roi' -o-me) [fiifrpa, womb ; rojiii, a cutting]. Same as Hysterotomy. Metrotuberculum [met - ro - tu - ber' - ku - lum) \jiifTpa, womb; tuberculum, a small nodule], A fungous excrescence of the uterus, Metrotyloma [met-ro-ti-lo' -mah). Synonym of Metro- tuberculum. Metrourethrotome [met -ro-u- re' -thro -torn) \jjirpov, measure ; oijpi/Opa, urethra ; ro/i^, a cutting] . A form of urethrotome that will cut a stricture to the desired caliber ; a graduated urethrotome. Metrozootia [met-ro-zo-o' -te-ah) [^/ir/rpa, womb; ^i)ov, animal] . An epidemic disease of the womb in cattle. Metrydrorrhea [met-rld-ror-e' -ah). See Hydrorrhea. Metrymenitis [met-ri-men-i' -tis). Synonym of Metro- phlegmymenitis. Metrypercinesis [met-ri-per-sin-e' -sis) \jiiirpa, womb ; vTxkp, over ; Kivr)z.vae.zs, Microcythemia. Microdactylia [mi-kro-dak-tW -e-aK) \juKp6i;, small ; (Sd/CTwAof, finger]. Abnormal smallness of the fingers. Microdentism [mi-kro-den' -tizm). See Microdontism. Microdont {mi' -kro-dont) [^fimpdi, small; ododf, tooth] . Having small teeth. See Macrodont. Microdontism {mi-kro-don' -tizm) [^/UKp6g, small ; oSoiig, tooth]. Abnormal smallness of the teeth. Microetiologic {mi' -kro-e-te-o-loj' -ik ) \jiiKp6^, small ; dvria, cause; /Wyof, science]. Connected with the study of the causation of microorganismal diseases. Microfarad {mi-kro-far'-ad). See Farad aai. Electric Units. Microform {mi' -kro-forni) \jLiKp6q, small ; forma, form]. A microscopic object. Microgenesis {tni-kro-jen'-es-is) [^/UKpdg, small ; ycvemf , origin] . Abnormally small development of a part. Microgenia {itii-kro-je' -ne-ah) \jiLKp6^, small ; jeveiov, chin]. Abnormal or congenital smallness of the chin. Microgerm {mi'- kro -jerm) \jiLKp6^, small ; germen, seed, sprig]. A microbe; more properly, the spore of a microorganism. Microglossia (OT«-/4TO-^/oj'-^-ffl,4)[|U(«:p(if, small ; y)M,. leaf ] . In biology, possessing minute leaflets or scales. Miciophyllous (mi-kroff' -il-us) \jiLKp6g, small ; g, small ; 'i^vx^t mind] . The inchoate thinking of infantile life ; the spontaneous, disconnected, and half-suppressed think- ing of later life ; wandering, dreamy, or uncontrolled mental action. Micropus (mi-kro' -pus) \juKp6g, small ; iroif , foot]. Abnormal smallness of a leg ; a congenital defect. Micropyle (mi' -kro-pil) \jiu(.p6q, small; -KVkri, gate, ori- fice] . In biology, the small opening in an ovum or ovule through which the fertilizing particle may penetrate. Microrhabd (mi' -kro-rabd) \jiiK.p6g, small; (5d/3c5of, a rod, stick, wand]. In biology, a rhabdus-shaped microsclere or flesh-spicule of a sponge. Microrrheometer (mi-kro-re-om.' -et-er) [uiKpdg, small ; f>eiv, to flow; phpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring liquids flowing through small tubes. Microrrhinia (mi-kro-rin'-e-ah) [iJ.iK.p6g, small; jilg, nose]. Congenital atrophy or smallness of the nose. Microscelous (mi-kros' -el-us) \_fiMp6g, small ; aafKog, leg] . Short-legged. Microsclere (mi'-kro-skllr) [_/UKp6g, small ; aicXepSg, hard] . In biology, a flesh-spicule of a sponge. MICROSCLERUM 765 MICROSPORON Microsclerum {mi-kro-skle'-rum) \juRp6g, small ; (t/c/U- pdf, hard: pi., Microsclera]. Same as Microsclere. Microscope (mi'-kro-skof) [juKpSg, small ; okoitsIv, to view]. An optic apparatus for giving an enlarged and distinct image of a minute and near object. M., Achromatic, one in which, by proper lenses, the chromatic aberration is corrected. M., Achromatic Triplet, a simple achromatic microscope consisting of one crown-glass and two flint-glass lenses cemented together. M., Binocular, a microscope having divergent oculars, one for each eye, so that the object is seen with both eyes. M., Compound, one that con- sists of two or more lenses or lens-systems, of which iye-piece. Draw-tube. Body. Pine Adjustment. Body-tube. Principal Parts of the Microscope. {Half natural size.) one, the objective, placed near the object, gives an enlarged and inverted real image. The other, the ocular, acting like o simple microscope, gives an enlarged virtual image of the real image. M., Erect- ing, one in which the image is made erect by means of aprism placed above the objective. M., Oil-immer- sion, a compound microscope of which the free sur- face of the objective is immersed in a drop of oil placed on the cover-glass. M ., Polarizing, one with a polariz- ing-prism attached. M., Simple, one consisting of one or more lenses or lens-systems acting as a single lens. The rays of light that enter the eye of the ob- server, after refraction through these lenses, proceed directly from the object itself. M., Tripod Magnifier, a simple microscope mounted in a frame supported by three legs. M., Water-immersion, one similar to the oil-immersion microscope, except that a drop of water is used instead of oil. Microscopic (mi-kro-skop' -iK) \jUKp6q, small ; UKOTrelv, to view]. Pertaining to the microscope ; so small as to be invisible except with the aid of a microscope. M. Slide, M. Slip. See Cover-glass. Microscopist (mi-kros'-ko-pist) [/uKpdg, small; anonnv, to view]. One who is skilled or expert in the use of the microscope. Microscopy [mi-kros' -ko-pe) [junpdg, small ; cmomlv, to view]. The use of the microscope; microscopic study or observation. Microseme {mV -kro-sini) \ji,iKp6^, small ; tsrijm, sign, index]. Having a low index. See Index. Microsiphonula (mi-kro-si-fon' -u-laK) \juKp6Q, small ; aiipcrv, a tube, pipe: pi., MicrosiphonuliB\. In biol- ogy, a larval stage of certain cephalopods. Microskopirlack {mi-kro-sko-per' -lak) \_Ge>:']. See Mounting-media. Microsoma [mi - kro - so' - mah) IfUKpdc, small; ao/ia, body : pi.; Microsomata']. In biology, small chroma- tin-granules in the cell-nuclei ; aggregated they form the "merits" of Bcehm, and the "ancestral germ- plasms " or " ids " of Weismann. Microsomatia {mi-kro-so-ma'-she-aK). Synonym of Microsoma. Microsomia {mi-kro-so'-me-ah) [fimpdg, small; aa/ia, body] . An arrest of growth resulting in a dwarfing of the whole body. Microspectroscope {mi - kro - spek' - tro - skop^ \jiLKp6i, small; spectrum, spectrum; cmnzeiv, to view]. A direct-vision spectroscope-prism in connection with the ocular of a microscope, by the use of which it is possible to examine the absorption-bands of a substance in minute quantities. The usual arrangement is a series of glass prisms in a small tube which is attached above the ocular. '!AicTos^']ayCtovLs[mi-kro-sJik'-tus)[jimp6Q, small; a^^iq, pulse]. Having a small pulse. Microsphyxia {mi-kro-sfiks' -e-ah)\_iuKp6q, small; ff^ifff, pulse] . Weakness or smallness of the pulse. Microsplanchnus {mi-kro-splangk' -nus) \_ij.mp6^, small ; anUyxvov, viscus] . Having small viscera. Microsporangium (mi-kro-spo-ran' -je-uni) [^/iiicpSt:, small ; airdpoq, seed ; ajyslov, vessel : //. , Microspor- angici^ . In biology, a sporangium that produces micro- spores. Microspore {mi'-kro-spor) [fimpd^, small ; (nrdpog, a seed]. In biology: (a) an asexually-produced spore of relatively small size, as in the Rhizocarpee, Selagin- ellte, Isoetce ; [b) One form of anisospore among the colonial Radiolarians . Microsporidia {mi-kro-spo-rid' -e-ah) [fimpdg, small ; andpoQ, seed]. A genus of sporidia, a class of the sporozoa. They occur as parasites in the muscles of the frog, the marsh-tortoise, in worms and insects. In silkworms they are held by some to be the cause of Ptbrine, q.v. Microsporon {mi-kro-spo' -ron) \)UKp6i, small ; awdpog, seed]. A fungus to which several diseases of the skin and hair are believed to be due. M. audouini, the cause of Pelade, a disease of the hair-covered skin. M. furfur. See Tinea versicolor. M. malassezii, the specific fungus of pityriasis versicolor. M. men- tagrophytes, the cause of mentagra, q. v. M. mi- MICROSTAT 766 MIGRATION nutissimum, a species found in the groin and axilla, causing an eruption. See Erythrasma. Microstat {mi' -kro-stai) \juKp6Q, small; ararSc, fixed]. A stage and finder, for attachment to a microscope. Microsthenic (mi-kro-sthen' -ik") \jjii.Kp6^, small ; adhog, power]. Having feeble muscular power. Microstoma {mi-kro-sto' -mah) [fiuip6(, small ; aT6/ia, mouth]. Abnormal smallness of the mouth. Microstomatous (mi-kro-sto'-mat-us) \jimp6g, small ; ardfia, mouth]. Small -mouthed. Microstome {mi' -kro-stom) [fuicpdc, small ; ard/ia, a mouth]. In biology, a small mouth or orifice. MiCTOStotnous {mi-kros'-to-mus). Synonym of Micro- stomatous. Microstnicture {mi-kro-struk' -chur) \jukp6q, small; structura, a structure] . Microscopic structure. Microstylospore {mi-kro-stV -lo-spor) \ji.mp6q, small ; crji/lof, a pillar ; UTrdpog, a seed] . In biology, a rela- tively small stylospore. Microstylous {mi-kro-sti' -Ins) [^/iCKpdg, small ; arvTioc, a pillar]. In biology, applied to short-styled flowers ; having long stamens. MicTOsyphilionthus {mi-kro-sif-il-e-on' -thus') \jiLKp6q, small; syphilis, syphilis]. A small syphilid. Microtasitneter {mi-kro-tas-im' -et-er) ^jUKp6q, small ; Tiiffif, stretching; piTpov, measure]. An instrument used in ascertaining small pressures. MicTOtesia {mi-kro-te'-ze-ah) [jimpdrriQ, smallness]. Congenital smallness of part of the body. Microtia {mi-kro' -she-ah) \juKpbq, small ; oiif, ear]. Abnormal smallness of the external ear. Microtome {mi' -kro-tom) [pt,Kp6g, small ; TOfii), a cut- ting]. An instrument for making thin sections for microscopic examination. The microtomes of Schanze, Rutherford, Hamilton, Williams, Lewis, Jung, Leiter, Ryder, Minot, Ranvier, and Cathcart are the most Ranvier's Hand Microtome. used. M., Freezing, one in which the tissue is frozen, in order to secure the hardness required for properly cutting sections. M., Hand, one consisting of a hollow cylinder in which the specimen is imbed- ded, and the operation of which is carried out by hand. M., Immersion, one that permits of cutting the sections beneath the surface of alcohol. M., Rocking, for cutting sections in series. M., Sliding, one in which the cutting knife operates by a sliding- movement. Microtomist {mi-hrof -o-mist) \_/imp6g, small ; to/j-ti, a cutting]. One who cuts sections with the microtome. tAiciotoTay{mi-irot'-o-me)l/iMp6g, small; To/zta; H/iveiv, to cut]. In biology, the art of section-cutting, or preparing tissues for histologic investigation. Microtrophous {nii-krot'-ro-fus) [pinpog, small ; rpd^ri, nourishment]. Under-fed ; containing little nourish- ment. Micro-volt {mi'-kro-volt). See Electric Units. tAicTozooid {mi-^ro-zo'-oid) [jimpdQ, small; ftJov, an animal ; eWog, form]. In biology, applied to certain small, free, swimming zooids among the Vorticellidce. Microzoon {tni-kro-zo' -on) \juKp6g, small ; f^ov, an animal: //. , Micro2oa\. In biology, any microscopic animal ; an animalcule. Microzoospore {mi-kro-zo' -o-spor) \jLiK.p6q, small ; f tjov, an animal ; anopa, seed]. In biology, a relatively small zoospore. MicTOzymatous {mi- kro-zi'-mat-us) [jwip6g, small; l^hp-ri, leaven]. Of the nature of, or caused by, a microzyme ; zymotic. Microzyme {mi' -kro-zlm) \_puip6g, small ; (,vpri, leaven]. Any one of those microorganisms, or particles of living matter, which according to the theory of B^champ, are the real agents of the functions of the organism, and the perversion of whose function constitutes disease. They secrete a ferment. Zymase, which in disease is transformed into pathogenic substances. Miction {mik'-shun) [ntictio, urination]. The act of voiding the urine. 'Ulictoipyovia {mik-top' -e-us) [/ii/criif, mixed ; irW.pus]. Mixed with pus. Micturition {mik-tu-rish'-un) [micturitio ; micturire, to pass water]. The act of passing urine. Mid [ME. , ffnV, middle]. Middle. M. -brain. Syno- nym of Mesencephalon. M. -facial, pertaining to the middle of the face. M. -frontal, pertaining to the middle of the forehead. M.-f. Process, in the em- bryo, the central one of the three plates forming the fronto-nasal process. M.-gut. Ste Mesogaster. M.- head. See Ceniriciput. Middle {mid'-l) [ME., middel, middle]. Mean; equally distant from the extremities. M. Commis- sure, the medicommissure, q. v. M. Oil, the second main fraction in the coal-tar distillation process. It is collected between 170° C. and 230° C, yielding upon further treatment two very important and valuable products, namely, liquid and solid carbolic acid and naphthalene. Midriff. See Diaphragm. Midwife. A female obstetrician ; a female nurse who attends women in childbirth. Midwifery. See Obstetrics. Miescher's or Miescherian Sacs, Tubes or Utri- cules. Sausage-shaped Psorosperm-tubes or saccules, found occasionally in immense numbers in the muscles of pigs, cattle, sheep, mice and fowls, but never in man. See under Parasites {Animal), Table of. See Utricule. M.'s Tubes. 'a^& M.' s Sacs. Migraine {me' -gran) [Fr.]. A paroxysmal, usually unilateral headache associated with gastric, vaso-motor, and visual symptoms. There is sharp pain most frequently in the temporo-frontal region of one side, with general hyperesthesia of the affected surface. There is photophobia ; nausea and vomiting are com- mon. The face may be pale or flushed. The disease may be hereditary, is often associated with anemia, overwork, dyspepsia, eye-strain, menstrual disorders, and other conditions. By some it is regarded as the sensory analogue of epilepsy. See Hemicrania and Megrim. Migrainous {me-gra' -nus) [Fr. , migraine^. Of the nature o£, or associated with, migraine. Migration {mi-gra'-shun) [migratio ; migrare, to wander]. In zoology, the periodic departure of cer- tain animals, especially birds, from one to another cli- mate. M., External {of the Ovum), the passage of MIGRATORY 767 MILK the ovum from an ovary to the tube of the opposite side. M., Internal {of the Ovum), Has: passage of the ovum through the tube related to the ovary from which the ovule was discharged, into the uterus and across into the opposite tube. M. of Ovum, its passage from the ovary to the Fallopian tube. M. of White Corpuscles, one of the phenomena of inflam- mation, consisting in the passage of the white cor- puscles of the blood through the vessel- wall. Migratory (mi' - grat - o - re) [migrare, to wander]. Characterized by wandering, or changing locality. M. Pneumonia. See Pneumonia migrans. Mika Operation [mi'-kaK) [African]. A method in vogue among certain African tribes for the purpose of preventing impregnation. It consists in the formation of a permanent urethro-perineal fistula in the male. 'ili.Tiaa.'D.\x\i&(mi-kran' -trus) . See Micrantrus. Mikrencephalus (mi-kren-sef -al-us). See Micren- Cephaliis. Mikrencranus {mi-kren-kra' -nus) . See Micrencranus. Mikro- {mi'-kro-). See Micro-. Mikron (mi'-kron) . Same as Micron. Mikulicz Drain. A method of draining the abdominal cavity after operation. A piece of iodoform-gauze, with a string tied to its center, is placed in the cavity, and into this improvised sac considerably more gauze is packed. Pressure is thus induced while the capil- lary action of the sac secures drainage. Mil \mille, a thousand] . The one-thousandth part of an inch. M., Circular, the area of a circle the one-thousandth of an inch in diameter. Mildevir {mil'-du) [ME., mildewe, mildew]. The common name for any one of a number of minute fungi destructive to living plants and dead vegetable substances, as cloth and paper. The name is most properly applied to: (l) The Erysiphce, or powdery mildews, which are parasitic upon living plants of many natural orders. Among the best known and most destructive is the vine mildew, or powdery mildew of the grape, Oldium tuckeri. Berk, a native of America, where alone it produces its perithecial form, described as Erysiphix spiralis, or Uncinula am- pelopsidis, the conidial form only being known in Europe. The mildew infesting Compositae, Plantago, Verbascum, Labiatse, is Erysiphce lamprocarpa ; that of grasses, E. graminis ; that of Umbellifera2, clover, lucem, lupines, etc., E. martii ; that of Polygonum, Rumex, Convolvulus, Dipsacus, Lathyrus, Delphi- nium, Aquilegia, Ranunculus, E. communis ; that of the various species of Prunus, Podosphcsra kunzei; and that of hops and other plants, P. casiagnei ; (2) The Peronosporece, or downy mildews, among which are a large number of well-known parasites, such as the American downy mildew of the grape, Peronospora viticola ; that of the Umbellifera, P. nivea ; that of Cruciferse, cabbages, etc., P. para- sitica ; that of onions, P. schleideniana ; that of vio- lets, P. violtB ; that of "potato rot," Phytophthora infestans, which, according to Bennett and Murray, first appears, as a rule, on the green leaves of the potato-plant in July or August, the sporangiophores emerging through the stomates. Sporanges are formed, under favorable conditions, in a few hours, and are carried by the wind to other potato-leaves, where they produce zoospoores or germ-tubes, in drops of water formed by dew or rain ; the germ- tubes penetrate the epiderm, setting up fresh growths of mycelium in new plants, and thus the disease is propagated; countless numbers of such propagating cells, each potentially the mother of a number of zoospores, may thus be set free from a few diseased plants, and the spread of infection and destruction of tissue in warm, moist weather is almost inconceivably rapid. The disease extends to all parts of the plant, including the tubers, in which the mycelium often remains in a resting condition throughout the winter, 'a fresh start being made in the spring. For treat- ment, spraying with Bordeaux mixture, alone or in combination with solutions of ammoniacal carbonate of copper, sulphate of copper, sulphate of iron, etc., have been employed. Milfoil {mil'-foil). See Achillea. Miliaria {mil- e- a'- re -ah) [ntilium, millet]. Prickly heat ; an acute inflammatory disease of the sweat- glands, the lesions consisting of pin-point or larger- sized vesicles and papules, accompanied by a pricking or tingling sensation. It runs an acute or subacute course, and is followed by slight desquamation. Relap- ses are common. M. alba. See M. crystallina. M. crystallina, a variety of miliaria in which the sweat accumulates under the superficial horny layers of the epidermis to form small, clear, transparent vesicles. It is also called Sudamina crystallina. These lesions are principally found on the neck, chest, back, and abdomen ; they form rapidly, but do not increase in size, nor do they coalesce. They are followed by slight desquamation. Sometimes their contents be- come cloudy, milky, or semi-puriform in character {Miliaria alba). M. lactea, a form occurring in puerperal women. M. papulosa, a variety of M. rubra. It is the well-known "prickly heat." M. puerperalis, M. puerperarum, a form occurring in lying-in women, especially in conditions of septic in- fection. M., Red Gum. See M. strophulus. M. rubra, a form of miliaria in which there is an inflam- mation of the tissues surrounding the sweat-glands, secondary to the retention of sweat. There is red- ness and itching ; the eruption is very copious and thickly set, so that the skin assumes a vividly red color. M. strophulus, a form occurring in nursing infants, due to excessive swathing. M. vesiculosa. Same as M. ritbra. Miliariform {mil-e-ar' -if-orm). Synonym of Miliary. Miliary {mil'-e-a-re) \milium, millet]. Of the size of a millet-seed. M. Fever. See Eever. M. Tuber- cles, tubercular nodules of very small size, usually present in large numbers, as in miliary tuberculosis. See, also, Grutum. M. Tuberculosis. See Tuber- culosis. Military Fever. See Typhus Fever. M. Medicine, or Surgery, the treatment of the diseases and wounds to which soldiers and sailors are liable. Milium {mil'-e-um) [milium, millet-seed]. Grutum; Strophulus albidus. A skin-disease characterized by the formation of small, roundish, whitish, sebace- ous, non-inflammatory elevations, situated just beneath the epidermis. They are found mainly on the face, eyelids, and foreheads of elderly persons, and may exist in immense numbers. They may undergo cal- cification, giving rise to cutaneous calculi. M., Amyloid. Synonym of Molluscum contagiosum, q. v. M., Colloid, a rare skin-disease characterized by the presence, especially on the bridge of the nose, forehead, and cheeks, of minute, shining, flat, or slightly raised lesions of a pale-lemon or bright-lemon color. It is a form of colloid degeneration of the skin, affecting persons of middle or advanced age. Milk [ME., milk, milk]. The secretion of the mam- mary glands of Mammalia, consisting of water, casein, albumin, fat, milk-sugar, and salts. Cream con- sists mainly of the fats that rise to the surface of the milk. Skim-milk is the residue left after the removal of the cream. Buttermilk is cream from which the fatty matter has been removed. The sp. gr. of good MILK 768 MILLIWEBER milk varies from 1.027 to '■034. It should con- tain not less than 10 per cent, of cream. The reac- tion of milk, when first secreted, is alkaline, but it becomes acid on standing, as a result of fermentative processes. The relative proportion of the constituents in milk of different animals may be seen from the appen- ded table of analyses from Wynter Blyth, 1882 : — p>: a Z z ■< A ti k u s 3 < S < 1 1 Human milk, 2.90 2.40 0.57 5.87 0.16 12.00 88.00 Cow's milk, 3-50 3.98 0.77 4.00 0.17 13.13 86.87 Camel's milk, 2.90 ^84 5-66 0.66 13.06 86.94 Goat's milk, ■ 4.20 3.00 0.62 4.00 0.56 12.46 87-54 Ass's milk, 1.02 1.09 0.70 5-5° 0.42 8.83. 91.17 Mare's milk, 2.50 2.19 0.42 5-50 0.50 11.20 88.80 Sheep's milk. 5-30 6.10 1. 00 4.20 1. 00 1773 82.27 Fleischmann gives the computation of the several parts of cow's milk as follows : — u c^ 2 s n h s m '4 m ^ h < ", a u < S Whole milk,. B7.60 3.98 3.02 4.40 4-30 0.70 Cream, . . . 77.30 15-45 3.20 0.20 3.15 0.70 Skim-milk, . 90.34 1. 00 2.87 0.45 4.63 0.71 Butter, . . . 14.89 82.02 1.97 0.28 0.28 0.56 Buttermilk, 91.00 0.80 3 -.50 0.20 3.80 0.70 Curd 59-30 6.43 24.22 3-53 5.0I 1-51 Whey, . . 94.00 0.35 0.40 0.40 4-55 0.60 M. -abscess, a mammary abscess. M., Artificial Mother's, cow's milk so prepared as to resemble in composition human milk. M.-bath. See Ba^A. M. -blotch. See Crusta hcUa. M., Blue, a change in color of milk due to the development of the Bacillus cyanogenus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. M., Butter. See Milk. M., Condensed, the milk of cows from which a large part of the water has been evaporated and sugar added. M. -crust, a term for vesicular eczema in children. The same as milk- blotch. M. -curdling Ferments. See Ferments. M.-cure, the method of treating certain diseases by an exclusive diet of skim-milk. It is of service in dropsies of all kinds, obstinate intestinal neuralgias, incorrigible dyspepsias with grave disturbances of nutrition, hepatic disorders, asthma due to pulmon- ary catarrh and emphysema, hysteric and hypochon- driac states associated with serious disturbances of nutrition, and in disorders of nutrition dependent on chronic catarrh of the stomach and intestine. M.- cyst, a peculiar and rare cystic tumor of the mam- mary gland. It is probably the result of extravasation of milk. The contained milk may become inspissated.' M., Deficiency of. See Agalactia. M.-duct, a galactophorous duct. M., Excessive Secretion of. See Galactorrhea. M. -fever, certain phenomena, possibly with a slight rise of temperature, attending the establishment of the secretion of milk. It is due to a slight degree of septic intoxication. The term was formerly applied to all febrile exacerbations following parturition, and was often used synonymously with child-bed or puerperal fever. See, also, Galacto- pyretus. M. -globule, a globule of oil of the kind seen in freshly drawn milk. M., Green, colos- trum. M., Human. See Human. M.-leg. See Phlegmasia alba dolens. M. -maid's Cramp. See Cramp. M., Male, the seminal fluid. M. -molar, any deciduous molar tooth. M. -nurse, a wet-nurse. M. -plasma, the whey, or plasma of milk, seen when the casein and butter have been removed. M.-pump. See Breast-pump. M. -punch, a nutritious preparation made by adding brandy, whiskey, or rum, to milk in the proportion of about one to four or six parts, and flavoring with sugar and nutmeg. M.-rice Culture-medium : to 100 parts by weight of finely powdered rice add 2io parts by measure of a 3 to I mixture of milk and bouillon. Beat together and sterilize. M.-scab. Same as M.-blotch. M.-scall. See Porrigo larvalis. M. -sickness, an epizo- otic disease of cattle, communicable to persons who drink their milk or eat their flesh. It is marked by "trembles," or chills, vomiting, and a disordered state of the functions of the alimentary canal. M., Skim. See Milk. M. -spots, small, opaque, white spots of thickened pericardium re- sulting from a localized inflammation. These spots may sometimes be the result of slow sclerotic changes occurring in old age. M.-sugar. See Lac- tose. M. Teeth, the teeth of the first dentition ; de- ciduous or temporary teeth. M. -tester, a lactometer. M. -thrush. Synonym of Aphtha. M. -vessel, in biology, one of the tubes in which a milky fluid is secreted. M.-weed, silk-weed. The root of Asclepias cornuti, with properties similar to those of A. tuberosa. It is a popular cure-all. Dose of the fid. ext. tTLx-jj. Unof. M., Witches', colostrum; also milk secreted by the male breast. Milker's Cramp, or Spasm. See Cramp. Millecoulomb (mil- koof -loin) \mille, one thousand ; Coulomb'] . One one-thousandth part of a coulomb. Miller, Bacillus of, M., Spirillum of. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. M. -Lewis Bacillus. A comma-bacillus found in the human mouth. Cf. Bacillus dentalis viridans, under Bacteria, Synonym- atic Table of. Miller's Asthma. See Laryngismus stridulus and Diseases, Table of. Millers' Eczema. A form of eczema of the hands, occurring in millers, from the irritation of the flour. M.s' Lung, a form of Pneumonokoniosis. Millet-seed Rash. Synonym of Miliaria. Mill-grinders' Phthisis. See Pneumokoniosis. Milliamp^rage {mil-e-om'-pdr-ah!ih)\mille,aii^o\aani\ Ampire, a French scientist]. The expression of electric current-strength in milliamp^res. MilUampire [mil-e-om' -par) [^mille, thousand; Ampire, a French scientist]. One-thousandth of an ampere, = I volt divided by 1000. See also Ampire. Milliampiremeter {mil-e-om' -par-me-ter) [mille, thou- sand ; Ampire, a French scientist ; /iirpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the strength of an elec- tric current. Milligram {mil'-ig-ram). See Metric System. Milliliter {mil' -il-e-ter) . See Metric System. Millimeter {mil'-im-e-ter). See Metric System. Milliweber \mil' -e-web-er). Same as Milliampire. MILLON'S REAGENT 769 MINIUM Millon's Reagent. A reagent made by dissolving lo grams of mercury in 20 grams of nitric acid, diluting the solution with an equal volume of water, and decanting in twenty- four hours. Proteids warmed in contact with the reagent at a temperature of 70° C. yield a purple-red color. See Tests, Table of. Millstone-makers' Phthisis. A form of pneumono- koniosis due to the inhalation of fine particles in the manufacture of millstones. Mill'tooth. A grinder ; a molar tooth. Miltnan's Drink. A diiuretic for use in dropsy. It consists of a solution of ^ ounce of potassium bitar- trate in two pounds of barley-water, with one or two fluid ounces of brandy added. Milori Blue. Same as Berlin Blue. Milphse [mil'-fe) \_iilhf>ai, falling of the hair of the eye- lids]. Same as Milphosis. Milphosis {mil-fo' -sis') [fii?^oai.Q, baldness]. Baldness of the eyebrows. Milt [a corruption of milMJ. The spermatic organ or spermatic fluid of fishes, oysters, and other of the lower animals. See also Spleen. M. -waste. See Asplenium. Miltosis {mil-it/ -sis). Same as Milphosis. Milzbrand {milts' -brant) [Ger.]. Synonym of An- thrax, q. V. Mimesis (mim-e'-sis) [fiifajai^, imitation] . In biology, mimicry ; the simulation by an organism of some other organism or its environment. Mimetic {mim-et' ik) \_/xifi,rtaig, imitation]. Imitative; mimic. Mimetism {mim'-et-izm). Same as Mimesis and Mim- icry. Mimic [mim'-ik) [^fufaxdg, from fu/wi, an actor]. Imi- tative simulating. M. Aneurysm. See Phantom Aneurysm. M. Labor^ false labor. M. Spasm, habit- spasm, or convulsive tic. Mimicism [mim' -is-izm) [fiifiTiaiQ, imitation]. Neuro- pathic imitation of words, gestures, etc. Mimicry (mim'-ik-re) [^/u/xog, an imitator: fil., Mimic- ries']. Imitation. In biology, an imitative resemblance of one organism to another. The utilization by an or- ganism of false warning or signaling colors for the repel- ling of enemies by the deceptive suggestion of some unpleasant or dangerous quality, or for attracting prey by the deceptive appearance of something attractive to them. Even foreign objects commonly associated with some well-defended and aggressive species may be mimicked by a comparatively defenseless form. (Poulton). Mimmation [mim-a' -shun) [Ar. , mim, the name of the letter m"]. The unduly frequent use of the sound of the letter m in speech. Mimoch&smesis {mim-o-kaz-me' -sis) Ifu/zeiadai, to imi- tate; ;|;do-|U!7(rtf, yawning]. Imitative yawning. Mimography {mim-og' -ra-fe) \jufiz'mSai, to imitate ; ypa^tw, to write] . Sign -language used by deaf-mutes. Mimosa-bark [mi-mo'-sak) {jiiiioQ, a mimic]. Wattle ; the bark of numerous species of Acacia {A. decurrens ■ and A. dealbata) from Australia and Tasmania, con- taining from 24 to 30 per cent, of raimotannic acid. It is used in leather-manufactures, and makes a red leather. It is generally used in admixture. Mimesis [mim-o'-sis). Same as Mimesis. Mimotannic Acid (mim-o-tan'-ik). See Cutch. Mimotype {mim'-o-tlp) [fufwg, a mimic ; rvirog, form]. In bitjlogy, a form distantly resembling another and fulfilling similar functions ; the representative in one country of a type or form found in another. Mind {mind) [ME., mind, mind]. The understand- ing. The reasoniftg and intellectual faculties consid- ered as a whole. M.-blindness, » form of aphasia 49 in which, although the patient is perfectly able to see, no intellectual impression is conveyed to his mind by the object seen. This condition is also called Visual Amnesia. M . -cure, the alleged cure of disease through mental operations. M-curer, one who professes to cure disease by acting directly upon the mind of the patient. M. -deafness, a form of aphasia in which sounds, though heard and perceived as such, awaken no intelligent conceptions. This condition is also called Auditory Amnesia. M. -healer. Same as M.-curer. M. -reading, the perception of another's thoughts and feelings by a direct and occult process. M.-sick, insane. Mindererus, Spirit of. See Ammonii acetatis, Liq. Miner's Anemia. A disease of coal-miners due in part to the choke-damp, or ethylene which they breathe. M.'s Asthma. See ^»//4?-ara/' -ii) [lUriuv, less ; wpdaaeiv, to do']. Resulting from too little activity. Miosis {mi-o'-sis) [^uetuffif ; /zeiuv, less]. I. Contrac- tion or decrease in the size of an organ, especially of the pupil. 2. A lessening of the intensity of existing symptoms. Miostemonous (ini-o-stem' -o-nus) \ji£iav, less ; arijium, stamen] . Having the stamens fewer in number than the petals. Miot's Operation. See Operations, Table of. Miotaxy {mi' -o-taks-e) \jitlav, less ; Tcfif, arrange- ment]. In biology, the complete suppression of an entire set of organs, as of the stamens, the petals, or the sepals of a flower. Miotic (mi-ot'-ik) \_iJ,EiaTm6Q, from iisluv, less]. I. Pertaining to, or characterized by, miosis ; causing contraction of the pupil. 2. Any agent or medicine that contracts the pupil. Miquel's Bulb. An apparatus for air-analysis. Mirage {mlr-ahzh') [Fr. , mirer, to look at carefully] . An illusion caused by the reflection of objects against the surface upon which two layers of air of unequal density rest, the lighter on the heavier. Mirbane, Oil of. A name for nitrobenzene. Mirbel, Glands of. See Gland. Mire [mer) [Fr., the sight of a gun ; a target]. Figures used upon the perimeter-bar of the ophthal- mometer of Javal and SchiStz ; by observing the varia- tions of their images, as reflected from different merid- ians of the cornea, the measurement of corneal astig- matism is effected . Mirocele (mir'-o-sll). Same as Merocele. Mirror {mir'-or) [Fr., mirer"]. 1. A term applied to any polished surface that reflects a large proportion of the light falling upon it, especially a glass silvered on the anterior, or coated with a tin-amalgam on the posterior surface. Mirrors, plane or focusing, are used in the ophthalmoscope, laryngoscope, otoscope, etc. , to reflect light into the cavity studied, and thus illuminate it for observation. 2. The movable silvered glass with a plane and a concave face for illuminating the object in microscopic observation. M. -bar, the bar supporting the mirror of a microscope. M., Den- tists', a small speculum designed for the examination of the teeth ; a mouth-glass. M., Frontal, M., Head, a circular mirror with a central perforation, strapped to the head by a band, and used to throw light on parts to be examined. M. -writing, a peculiarity of pen- manship observed in left-handed persons, and charac- terized by a reversal of the form and arrangement of the letters, which appear as if seen in a mirror. Miryachit (mtr-e' -asch-it) [Rus. , " to play the fool "]. A peculiar disease observed in some Oriental tribes, the chief characteristic of which consists in mimicry by the patient of everything said or done by another. The same disease is called Lata by the Javanese. It is also allied to the "Jumpers" of Canada. See Palmus. Misanthrope {mis' -an-throp) \_p.iauv, to hate ; dvdptimoCf man]. A melancholy person ; one who has an aver- sion to society. M isanthropy {mis-an' -thro-pe) \iiixstlv, to hate ; avOpomog, man]. Aversion to human society; a symptom not rare in melancholia. Misbirth [mis-berth.'). Synonym of Abortion. Miscarriage {mis-kdr'-aj) [ME., mis-, wrong, bad; carriage, burden] . The expulsion of the fetus between the fourth and the sixth month of pregnancy. Miscarry {mis-kar'-e) [ME., miscarien, to miscarry]. To give birth to a non-viable fetus. Miscegenation {m.is-ej-en-a' -shun) \miscere, to mix ; genus, race]. Mixture of different races by inter- marriage. Miscible {mis'-ib-l) \miscere, to mix]. Capable of being mixed. Misemission {mis-e-mish' -un) [ME., mis-, wrong; emittere, to send forth]. A form of sterility in the male in which fertile semen may be secreted and ejaculated, but for some reason fails to be so de- posited in the female organs as to come in contact with the ovum and impregnate it. Usually it is due to some malformation of the urethra. Miserere mei {miz-er-a'-ra ma'-e) [L., "have mercy on me"]. An old name for volvulus, or intestinal colic ; also for stercoraceous vomiting. Mislactation {mis-lak-ta' -shun). See Galactia. Mislocalization [mis-lo-kal-iz-a'-shun) [ME., mis-, wrong; locus, a place]. Failure properly to localize sensory impressions. Mismenstruation {niis-men-stru-a' -shun) [ME. , mis-, wrong; menstruare, to menstruate]. Any disturbance of menstruation. Mismicturition {mis -mik-tu- risk' -un) [ME., mis-, wrong; micturire, to pass water]. Any disorder of micturition. Misogamy {mis-og' -am-e) \juctiv, to hate ; y&iio^, mar- riage]. Morbid and unreasonable aversion to mar- riage. Misogyny {mis-og' -in- e) \iuauv, to hate ; ywli, woman]. Morbid and unreasonable hatred of women ; a symp- tom often seen in insanity and in sexual perversion. Misologia (mis - - lo' - je - ah) \jim€iv, to hate; Uyoq, reason]. Unreasoning aversion to intellectual or literary matters. Misomania {mis-o-ma' -ne-ah) \juauv, to hate ; jiavia, madness] . The delirium of persecution. Misoneism (?«M-o«-f''-22»«)[;Ui(Teiv,to hate; vfof, new]. Fear or horror of novelty. MISOPEDIA 771 MOAN Misopedia {mis-o-pe' -de-ah)\juaeiv , to hate ; vrajf , child]. Morbid hatred of children, especially of one's own children. Misopsychia {mis-op-si' -ke-ah\ \juauv, to hate ; ijjvx^, life]. Morbid disgust with life. Misoptochos, Misoptochus {mis-op' -io-ios, mis-op'-to- kus) [/MireZii, to hate ; ?rr6);|;df, beggar]. Gout; face- tiously so termed because the poor are not so liable to it. Misozoia {mis-o-zo' -e-ah) \jivailv, to hate; C,uii, life]. Disgust with life, together with suicidal impulses. Misplaced {mis-plast') [ME., mis-, wrong; place, place]. Out of proper position. M. Menstruation, vicarious menstruation. Missed [mist) [ME., missen, to miss]. Passed; failure of attaining. M. Abortion, the retention of the product of conception in the uterine cavity after its death and with the appearance of some of the symptoms of abortion. M. Labor, a rare accident of pregnancy, in which there is the occurrence of a few labor-pains at term, their subsidence, and the retention of the product of conception in utero for a varying period thereafter. M. Miscarriage. Same as M. Abortion. Misshapen {mis-sha' -pen) [ME., otw-, wrong; shape, shape]. Deformed ; ill-shaped. Missio {mis'-e-o) [L.]. A letting go. M. sanguinis, blood-letting. Missoy [mis'-oi). See Massoy Bark. Mistletoe {mis'-l-to). See Viscum. Mistura {mis-tu' -rah) [Z. .• gen. and//., Misturd). A mixture. In pharmacy an aqueous preparation of an insoluble substance held in suspension, usually by the addition of soluble gum, egg-emulsion, etc. There are four official misturcz, besides six in the British Pharma- copeia and l8 in the National Formulary. Mistus, Mixtus {mis'-tus, miks'-tus) \miscere, p.p. mis- tus, mixtus, to mix]. In biology, a cross-breed. Mitchell's (5. Weir) Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of. Mitchella [mieh-el' -ah) [after John Mitchell, a Virgin- ian botanist]. A genus of rubiaceous plants. M. repens, partridge-berry or checker-berry, is diuretic and astringent, and among the Indians has reputed emmenagogue properties. Unof. Mite {mlf) [ME., mite, a mite]. The common name apphed indifferently to any of the eight-legged insects of the order Acarina. The fact that the immature forms have but six legs has led to some confusion in the onomy of the group and the formation of spurious species {e.g., Lepius). The mites are cosmopolitan, and the majority are parasitic upon plants and animals, while others infest organic substances, such as cheese, sugar, flour, old rags, rubbish, etc. For the true ticks see the genus Ixodes ; for the garden and harvest "ticks," "mites," or "bugs," and certain ecto-para- sites of birds, see the genera Tetranychus {Leptus), Trombidium, Cheyletus, Harpirhynchus, Picobia ; and for those forms associated with the various acariases, the itch, mange, etc., of man and domestic animals, con- sult the genera Chorioptes, Cytodites, Demodex, Der- manyssus, Dermoglyphus, Epidermoptes, Freyana, Hypodectes, Listrophorus, Megninia, Pterolichus, Pso- roptes, Sarcoptes, Symbiotes, Symploplectes, under Parasites {Animal) , Table of. Mithradate, Mithndate {mith' -rad-at,^ mith' -rid-at) [M(Spa(SdT)7f, W.idpiSaT7i(, a Grecian king]. An old name for an electuary of many ingredients, used as an antidote and alexipharmac. Mithradatism, Mithridatism {mith'-rad-dt-izm, mith'- rid-at-izm) [MiSpaSdrr/^, MiBpiSaTrK}. That immu- nity from the effects of a poison induced by the admin- istration of gradually increased doses. The selection of the word has reference to the fable concerning Mithradates, king of Pontus, that he became so charged with the poisons with which he experimented that he acquired an immunity to them all. Mitigate {mit'-ig-at) [^mitigare, to soften]. To allay; to make milder ; to moderate. Mitigated Stick, or Caustic {mit'-ig-a-ted) \mitigare, to soften]. See Argentum. Mitigating {mit'-ig-a-ting) [miiigare, to soften]. Assuaging, allaying. Also, a descriptive term applied to anodynes. Mitigation {mit-ig-a' -shun) \mitigare, to soften]. At- tenuation ; lessening. Mitis-green. Same as Schweinfurth-green. Mitochysis {mi-tok' -is-is) \ji!iToq, thread ; ;fi'(wf, lique- faction]. Cell-multiplication, direct or by mitosis. Mitom {mi'-tom). Same as Mitoma. Mitoma, Mitome [mi-to'-mah, mi'-tom) \jii,r6q, a thread]. In biology, Flemming's term for the "filar mass," i. e., the threads of the protoplasmic reticulum of a cell, also called Cytomitoma. Cf. Paramitoma, Karyomitoma. Mitoplastic {mi - to - plas' - tik) [/JJrof, thread, web; Tr/lduOTtv, to form]. Serving to build up the tissues. Mitosic {mi-to'-sik). Synonym of Mitotic or Karyo- kinetic. Mitosis {mi-to'-sis) \juTOi, a thread]. In biology, the splitting of the 'nuclear chromatin of plant or animal cells while undergoing indirect division ; karyomitc^is, karyokinesis. Mitotic {mi-tot'-ik) [/iirog, thread]. Pertaining to Mitosis. Mitra hippocratis {mi'- irah hip -pok'- ra - tis). See Bandage, Capeline. Mitral {mi'-trat) [mitra, miter]. Resembling a miter; mitriform ; pertaining to the auriculo-ventricular valve of the left side of the heart. M. Disease, a generic term for organic disease of the mitral valve of the heart. M. Incompetence. See M. Regurgitation and Endocarditis. M. Insufficiency. See M. Regur- gitation and Endocarditis. M. Murmur. See Mur- mur. M. Obstruction, disease of the mitral valve causing obstruction to the flow of blood through the left auriculo-ventricular opening. M. Regurgita- tion, disease of the mitral valve preventing its proper closure during the cardiac systole, and permitting blood to be forced back into the left auricle. M. Stenosis. See M. Obstruction. M. Valve. See Valves. Mitrate {mi'-trat) [mitra, miter]. In biology, bonnet- shaped, miter-shaped, mitriform. Mitriform {mi' -triform) [mitra, miter ; forma, form]. See Mitral. Mitscherlich's Test. See Tests, Table of. Mittler's Green, See Pigments, Conspectus of Mixed Blood. See Mulatto, and Griffe. Mixogamy {miks-og' -am-e) [fil^i^, a mixing ; ydfiog, marriage]. In biology, the congregation of males and females, the number of the former being in excess, as exhibited by certain fishes at spawning-time. Mixopyus {miks- o' -pe-us) [itiyviivaL, to mix ; nvov, pus]. Being mixed with pus. Mixoscopia {miks -o- sko'-pe - ah) [pf (f cohabitation ; aitz'KTe'w, to look]. A form of sexual perversion in which the orgasm is excited by the sight of coitus. See Voyeur. Mixture {miks'-tur). See Mistura. Mixtus {miks'-tus). See Mistus. Mnemonics {ne-mon'-iis) [fii^/iTi, the memory]. The science of cultivation of the memory by systematic methods. Moan (mon) [ME., monen, to moan], I. To utter a low, dull sound expressive of suffering. 2. The sound so uttered. MOBBY 772 MOLECULAR Mobby (mob'-e). See Mabby. Mobile {mob'-il) \mobilis, movable]. M. Pain. One that shifts from place to place. M. Spasm, athetosis; slow, irregular movement, as of the para- lyzed parts in hemiplegia. Mobility (niob-W -it-e) \mobilis, movable]. That prop- erty by which the position of a body may be changed. The condition of being movable. Mochlus (mok'-lus) \jioxU(, lever]. The obstetric lever, or vectis. Mock Turkey-red. Same as Barwood-red. Mocmain (rnok'-man) [Chinese for ' ' tree-cotton " ] . The cottony hairs of Bombax heptaphyllum, a species of cotton-tree, used in stuffing the pads of trusses. Modal (mo'-dal) \modus, mode]. A term applied to the order of response of muscles and nerves to the galvanic current. Model [mod' -el) \modeUus, dim. of modus, measure]. A standard for imitation. M., Antagonizing (for artificial teeth), a contrivance for obtaining an exact representation of the manner in which the jaws meet, by which a dentist selects, arranges, and antagonizes artificial teeth. Moderator (mod'-er-a-tor) \moderare, to regulate]. Reil's band. See Band. M. Band. See Band. M. Centers, M. Nerves. See Inhibitory. Modification {mod-if-ik-a'-shurC). See Tuberculin. Modiolus (mo-di' -o-lus) [L. ,nave]. I. The central pillar or axis of the cochlea, around which the spiral canal makes two and one-half turns. 2. The crown of a trephine. Modulus (rnod' -u-lus) [dim. ai modus, measure, mode]. A unit of certain physical forces. Modus (mo'-dus) [L.]. A mode or method. M. operandi, the method of the performance of an action. Mcenia (»2^'-»f-a/i) [L.,//.]. Walls. M. dentis, the portions of the jaws that bear the alveoli. Mogigraphia {mog-ig-raf -e-ah) [/i(5y(Ci with difficulty ; ■ypayo^, labor ; t6koq, birth] . Painful or difficult parturition. Mohr's Method. A volumetric method of estimating the chlorids in the urine. It is carried out by means of precipitation by a standard solution of silver nitrate. Mohrenheim's Fossa. See Fossa. M.'s Space, the groove on the deltoid muscle between the cephalic vein and the huraero-thoracic artery. Moist [ME., moist, damp]. Damp; slightly wet. M. Chamber, a large circular glass with a lid, used in bacteriologic work, especially for growing potato-cultures. The chamber is kept moist by the evaporation of water from a moistened filter-paper which is laid on the bottom of the dish. M. Colors. See Pigments, Colors, and Dyestuffs. M. Filter, a filter-paper which is moistened with water. M. Gan- grene, the form of gangrene that occurs in a part filled with blood. See Gangrene. M. Melting, the form of procedure in the extraction of fats, in which the material is melted over direct fire, with the addi- tion of dilute sulphuric acid. This is the process no\y generally followed. M. Tetter. See Eczema. M. Wart. See Verruca acuininata. Mola (mo'-lah). See Mole. Molar (mo'-lar) [moles, mass]. Pertaining to masses, in contradistinction to molecular. Molar (mo'-lar) [mola, n millstone]. In biology, a tooth that has no deciduous predecessor, but is behind other teeth, the premolars, which (except the first) have deciduous predecessors. M. Glands, the salivary glands of the horse and other mammals ; the superior is outside and along the upper border of the buccinator muscle, the inferior is at the inferior border of the buccinator. These glands pour their secretion into the mouth by a series of orifices arranged in line on the buccal membrane, parallel to each molar arch. M. Teeth. See Teeth. Molariform (mo-lar' -if-orm) [mola, ■aSA'Aor^e; forma, form]. Having the form of a molar tooth. Molary (mo'-lar-e) [malaria, belonging to a mill]. In zoology, fitted for grinding. Molasses {mo-las' -sez) [mellaceus, honey-like]. Theri- aca ; treacle ; the uncrystallized residue of the refining of sugar. It is used in pharmacy. Mold, Mould (mold)[yiE., mould, mold]. I. A minute fungus or other vegetable growth of a low type ap- pearing on moist and decaying bodies. 2. The ma- trix or prepared and shaped cavity in which anything is cast and receives its form. Anything that serves to regulate the size and form of bodies. Cast; form; shape. A fontanel or space occupied by a cartilag- inous membrane in the skull of the fetus and of a new- born child, situated at the angles of the bones that form the skull. Mole (mol) [mola, amass], i. A proliferative degener- ation of the chorionic villi, producing a mass of berry- like vesicles attached to the placenta. It is called Vesi- cular Mole and Hydatidiforjn or Myxomatous Degener- ation of the Placenta. 2. Also applied to a small, pig- mented spot of the skin. M., Blood, a mass of coagula- ted blood and retained fetal membranes and placenta, sometimes found in the uterus after an abortion. M., Carneous. See M., Fleshy. M., Cutaneous, a pig- mented spot on the skin. M., Cystic. Same as M., Uydatidiform. M., False, a mass of coagulated blood and exfoliated vaginal mucous membrane discharged oc- casionally in the course of membranous dysmenorrhea, - and not due to a retained product of conception. M., Fleshy, the body formed in the uterine cavity when an ovum that has died is retained within the uterus for some time. It may undergo fatty or calcareous degen- eration. M., Hairy. SteNcevuspilosus. M., Hydatid, M., Hydatidiform, M., Hydatoid, See first defi- nition under Mole. M., Pigmentary. See Ncevus prigmentosus . M., Sanguineous. Same as M., Fleshy. M., Stone, a fleshy, mole that has undergone calcareous degeneration. M., True, one the result of conception. M., Tijbal. See Tubal. M., Uterine, a mass of morbid material sometimes contained in the uterus after the death of the product of conception. It is the result of some pathologic process. M., Vesicu- lar. Same as M., Hydatidiform. M., White, a pig- mentary nevus that has not yet attained its character- istic color. Molecular (mo-lek' -u-lar) [dim. of moles, mass]. Per- taining to, or composed of, molecules. M. Death, the changes of cellular or intimate structure that result in the disorganization of the vital cell or soma- cule, and that render impossible a resumption of its original function. See Somatic Death. M. D6bris, heterogeneous microscopic particles of degenerated tissue. M. Heat, the heat-capacity of a molecule or compound. M. Motion, the movements of the MOLECULE 773 MOLYBDOCACHEXIA i molecules of a substance within that substance. M. Weight, the weight of a molecule of any substance as compared with the weight of an atom of hydrogen. It is equal to the sum of the weights of its constituent atoms. Molecule {mol'-e-kiil) [molecula ; dim. of moles, mass]. The smallest quantity into which the mass of any substance can be physically divided and retain its characteristic properties ; or the smallest quantity that can exist in a free state. A molecule may be chemically separated into two or more atoms. The integrity and properties of a substance reside in its molecules. Ms., Crystal, bodies conceived as ex- isting in solutions of crystalline substances. The presence of such molecules is supposed to be the source of the rotatory power of the solutions. Ms., Organic. See Organic Molecules, Doctrine of. Ms., Physical, the molecules to groups of which rotatory activity has been ascribed. Molescfaott's Potash-solution. A solution for his- tologic work, consisting of from 35 per cent, to 50 per cent, of potassic hydrate. ' M.'s Standard Diet, a diet for the healthy adult man per diem: Nitrogen 317 grains, carbon 4750 grains, hydrogen 202 grains, sulphur 24 grains, salts 461 grains. Moli {mo'-li) [African]. The tree, Draccena schizan- tha, of E. Africa. It produces one variety of dragon's blood, q. V. See, also, Pterocarfus. Molilalia [mol-il-a' -le-aK) \ji6Xiq, with toil ; ^o^id, speech] . Difficulty of utterance ; stuttering ; mogilalia. Molimen (mo-li'-men) [L. , molimen, endeavor : pi., Molimin.a\. Any effort or attempt. M., Menstrual, the menstrual act or function. Molisch's Test. See Tests, Table of. Molitor (mol-i'-ter). Synonym of Masseter. Moll's Glands. See Gland. MoUescence (tnol-es' -ens) [mollescere, to soften]. Soft- ening. Mollification {mol-if-ik-a'-shun). Synonym of Mol- lescence. Mollin {mol'-in) [niollis, soft]. A soft soap of potash and cocoanut-oil, proposed as a basis for ointments ; it contains an excess of fat. Also a mixture of lard and glycerin, saponified with potassium hydrate and sodium hydrate. Mollin is a kind of soft soap, used in skin-diseases and as a vehicle for various active medicaments. Unof. MolUnum {mo-li'-num) [mollis, soft: gen., Mollini']. See Mollin. M. hydrargyri, mollin mixed with mercury ; it is about twice the mercurial strength of ordinary uneuentum hydrargyri. Mollipilose (mol-ip-i'-los) [mollis, soft ; pilus, a hair]. In biology, furnished with a soft downy coat. MoUisin [mol'-is-in) [mollis, soft] . An ointment com- posed of yellow wax and spindle-oil. MoUities \mo-lish' -e-lz) [mollis, soft]. Softness. M. ossium. ^se Osteomalacifi. M. uteri, softening of the uterus. It is most common in the cervix during pregnancy, but sometimes affects the body of the womb, both in the pregnant and non-pregnant state. MoUugo {mol-u'-go) [L.]. A genus of herbs. M. spergula, M. verticillata, carpet-weed, Indian chickweed ; a stomachic, antiseptic and laxative. Unof Mollusc or TiAo\\ask(mol' -usk) [molluscum, a shell-fish]. Any member of the Mollusca, a class of soft-bodied in- vertebrates possessing an external and an internal shell. M. -bodies, glistening bodies, about the size of epithelial cells, found in the central and older parts of the growths in Molluscum contagiosum ; they are con- sidered by Neisser, Pfeiffer, and others as parasitic (coccidia), a view opposed by Torok, Tommasoli, Israel, and Virchow. Molluscous {mol - us' - kus) [molluscum, a shell-fish]. Pertaining to the Mollusca or second division of the animal kingdom. Also, pertaining to the disease Molluscum. Molluscum {mol-us'-kum) [L.]. A term applied to several diseases of the skin. M. Acne, M. adeno- sum. Synonym of M. contagiosum. M. athero- matosum, Molluscum contagiosum with cystic tumors. M. cholestericum. Same as Xanthoma, q. v. M. contagiosum, Molluscum epitheliale, a skin-disease characterized by the formation of pinhead-sized to bean- sized and marble-sized, sessile or pedunculated, yel- lowish-white or pinkish tumors, rounded or acuminate, imbedded, within or projecting from the skin, and having usually a dark-colored point at the apex, from which, on pressure, can be expressed a milky, curd- like, or inspissated cheesy mass. The lesions may be single or multiple, and occur usually in children or young adults upon the face, neck, and genitals. They may attain a very considerable size. The disease is probably due to a parasitic protozoon of the coccidiiun type. M. epitheliale. See M. contagiosum. M. fibrosum, a disease of the skin characterized by the formation therein of lax fibrous tissue, or of gelatin- ous tissue in process of becoming fibrous. It begins early in life, and the tumors tend to increase in num- ber and size indefinitely. They are often associated with deficient mental development. The tumors vary in size from a pin's head to an orange; and may be sessile or pedunculated. Their number may reach into the hundreds or thousands. M. giganteum, a variety of M. contagiosum in which the tumors attain considerable size. M. pendulum. Synonym of M. fibrosum. M. porcellanum. Synonym of M. contagiosum. M. sebaceum. Synonym of M. con- tagiosum. M., Sessile. Synonym of M. contagiosum. M. simplex. Synonym of M. fibrosum. M. ver- rucosum. Synonym of M. contagiosum. Mollusk fmol'-usk). See Mollusc. Molops Imo'-lops) [fi6?M^, weal : pi., Molopes"]. A red spot on the skin, such as is seen in certain fevers. The mark of a stroke or stripe upon the skin. Molt, Moult {molt) [ME., mouten, to molt]. To shed or cast, as the skin, feathers, or hair. Molybdamaurosis (mol-ib-dam-aw-ro' -sis) [fi6Xv^6o^, lead; ajiavpdeiv, to darken]. Retro-bulbar neuritis due to lead-poisoning. Molybdamblyopia {mol-ib-dam-ble-o' -pe-aK) [fi6Xv^&o^, lead; hfi^Xv^, dulled; 6^, eye]. Impairment of vision due to lead-poisoning. Molybdencephalia (mol-ib-den-sef-a' -le-ah) [ii67tv,^SoQ, lead; eyKefah}^, brain]. Brain-disease due to lead- poisoning. Molybdencephalopathia (mol-ib-den-sefal-o-path'-e- ah), Molybdencephalopathy (mol-ib-den-sefal-op'- ath-e) [jjAXv^doq, lead ; iyKiym, colon]. Lead-colic; painters' colic. Molybdodyspepsia (niol-ib-do-dis-pep' -se-aK) \ji6\v^- (!of, lead; tfuf-, ill ; TTETrreiv, to digest]. Dyspepsia caused by lead-poisoning. Molybdonosus (mol-ib-don'-o-sus) \ji6'kv^&o^, lead; v6aoi, disease]. Synonym of Plumbism. Molybdoparesis {mol-ib-do-par' -es-is) \ji^\v^&o^, lead ; Tripeai;, paresis]. Partial paralysis, due to lead- poisoning. Molybdosis [mol-ib-do' -sis) [jidlvjidoQ, lead]. Lead- poisoning ; plumbism. Molybdospasmos {mol - ib - do - spaz' - mos) \ji&'hi^6oi, lead ; a7rda/j.oc:, spasm] . Spasm or cramp produced by lead-poisoning. Molybdosynolce {mol-ib-do-sin-ol-'se) [ji6'kvliSoQ, lead; axniokKT], a drawing together]. Contraction due to lead-poisoning. Molybdptromos {mol-ib-dot^ -ro-mos) [//(i/lu/3(Jof , lead ; rpdfioc, tremor]. Tremor due to lead-poisoning. Molyne (mol-i'-ne) \_iioM>vEm, to defile]. The anus. Molynsis {mol-in' -sis) [jjLoVvvei.v,X.o defile]. A taint or defilement-, miasm. Momentuni {mo-men' -turn) \momen, momentum, a motion]. Amount of force. Also, the quantity of potential energy possessed by a body in motion. It is estimated as the product of its weight, expressed in units of gravity, by its velocity, expressed in units of time. It is usually expressed by the formula m ^wv, and may be estimated in foot-pounds or kilogram- meters. iHomiscMS {mo-mis' -kus) [|U(i/iiff/cof ] . A molar tooth ; the part of a molar tooth that is near the gum. Momordica {mo-mor' -dik-ah) \tnordere, momordi, to bite]. A genus of cucurbitaceous plants, mostly African and Asiatic. M. bucha, a species of cu- cumber native to Brazil. It is a powerful drastic pur- gative, useful in dropsy. M. balsamina. %&& Balsam- apple. Unof. Momordicin (mo-mor' -dis-in). Same as Elaterin. Men- [mon-) [//(Svof, one]. A prefix denoting one or single. Monad {mon' -ad) [p,mag, a unit]. I. Any single-celled microorganism, whether of animal or vegetable char- acter ; especially any flagellate infusorium (a micro- scopic animal). 2. See Quantivalence. Monadelphia {mon-ad-el' -fe-ah) \jjAvog, alone ; arfeA^df , brother] . One brotherhood ; a name applied to certain hermaphrodite flowers. Monadelphous {mon-ad-el' -fus) Ijudvo;, alone ; drfc/l^df , brother]. In biology, in one brotherhood. Applied to stamens that are united by their filaments into one set. Monadenoma {mon-ad-en-o' -mah) \ji6voq, one ; a&iiv, gland; fi|«a, tumor]. A uniglandular adenoma. Monadiform {mon-ad' -if-omi) [//oixif, a unit, amonad ; forma, shape]. In biology, resembling a monad. Monadigerous {mon-ad-if -er-us) \_fmv6.q, a unit, a monad; gerere, to carry]. In biology, bearing or composed of monads or monadiform cells. Monadina [mon-ad-i' -nak) \_iMv6.g, a unit]. The flagel- late infusorians, or monadid<2 ; a family of animal microorganisms. Monadine {mon' -ad-in) [_fiovdg, a unit]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a monad. Monadinic {mon-ad-in' -ik) [/xovdc, a unit]. Belonging to the Monadina. Monadology {mon-ad-ol'-o-je) \_jiava.i;, a unit; Uyog, science]. The doctrine of Leibnitz, Lotze, Zimmer- mann, and Herbart, according to which the elemen- tary particles of matter are vital forces acting from an internal principle. MonsE {mon'-e) [L.]. Buttocks. Monamin {mon'-am-in) [^ovaf , a unit ; amin'\. One of a class of chemic compounds derived from ammonia by the replacement of the hydrogen by a monovalent alkyl. See Amin. Monammonic {mon-am-o' -nik) \ji6vog, single; am- monium'] . Containing one molecule of ammonium. Monandrous {mon-an' -drus) \ji6voi;, single ; dvffp {avSp), male]. In biology, having but one male; monarsenous. Monanthetnous {mon-an' - them-us) [^p.6vog, single; avBejiov, a flower]. In biology, bearing but a single flower ; monanthous. Monantherous {mon-an' -ther-us) [judnof, single ; diiflof, flower]. In biology, a term applied to a stamen bear- ing but one anther. Monanthous {mon-an' -thus) \ji6vo(;, single; oT^fiof, flower] . In biology, producing but one flower. Monarda {mo-nar' -dah) [after N. Monardes, a Spanish physician of the sixteenth century]. A genus of N. American labiate plants. M. flstulosa L., wildberga- mot, M. didyma, bee-balm, and M. punctata, horse- mint; are diaphoretic, carminative, and stimulant. Unof. Monardella {mon-ar-del' -ah) [after N. Monardis, a Spanish physician of the sixteenth century] . A genus of some eleven species of fragrant labiate herbs, all Califomian, and having the general properties of the mints, pennjrroyal, and basil. Unof. Monardin {mo-nar' -din) [N. Monardis, a Spanish phy- sician of the sixteenth century], CmHjjO. A subr stance much resembling thymol, but derived from the oil of horsemint, Monarda punctata. Monarsenous {mon-ar' -sen-us) \jl6voi;, single ; hpariv, male]. In biology, having but one male; monan- drous. Monarthral {mon-ar' -thral) [/irfvof, single; apBpov, a. joint]. A term applied to a muscle that passes over but one joint, e. g., the brachialis anticus. Its cor- relative is disarthral, applied to a muscle passing over two joints, e. g. , the biceps. Monarthritis {mon-ar-thri' -tis) \jitnog, single ; apBpav, a joint; irif, inflammation]. Arthritis affecting only a single joint. Monas {mon'-as) [jiovag, unit]. A genus of minute, globose, plastic and free swimming animalcules in- habiting salt and fresh water, especially infusions. In this genus are included the simplest known forms of the typical flagellate infusoria. Early writers con- signed to the genus many doubtful or immature micro- organisms, some of which have since been found to belong to the Bacteria, or to be zoospore stages of Algse, Palmellaceee, or other protophytic plants. Monaster {mon-as' -ter) \_ii6vog, single ; aari/p, star]. In embryology, the mother-star ; the fourth, or equatorial stage of karyokinesis. That stage of indirect cell- division or mitosis at which a single star is formed by the arrangement of the chromatin-loops about the equator of the achromatin-spindle. Monatomic {mon-at-om'-ii) \_fi6vo(, single ; dro/iof, atom]. Having the valence of hydrogen; saturating or saturated by a single monad atom. See Quanti- valence. M. Alcohols, those formed by the substitu- tion in a hydrocarbon of one hydrogen group for one atom of hydrogen. Monaxial, Monaxonic {mon-aks'-e-al, mon-aks-on'-ik) \_li6vo(, single; dfuv, axis]. Having a single axis. MONECIOUS 775 MONOCEPHALUS Monecious (mon-e' -shus) \ji6voi, single; okof, house]. Having male and female organs united in one animal ; of plants, having the male and female organs in separate flowers, but on the same plant, as in the cucurbitaceous plants. Monecism {mon-e' -sizm) [/utSvof, single; ot/cof, house]. Hermaphrodisra. Monembryary {mon-em' -bre-a-re) \ji6ivoq, single ; ifi^pm- ov, an embryo]. In biology, having a single embryo. Moner, Moneron (mo'-ner, mon'-er-on) [^(ivof, single]. In biology, a non-nucleated unicellular or- ganism of the simplest possible character. Monera {mon-e' -rah) \jiovi)priq, single]. An order or class of minute, marine rhizopods, including some of the lowest forms of animal life. Moneron {mon'-er-on^. See Moner. Monerula {mon-er' -u-laK) \jicn>i)(ttii;, single]. A non- nucleated stage of the impregnated ovum in which it has the form of a simple moner. Monesia (mo-ne' -ze-afi) [origin uncertain]. A vege- table extract from monesia-bark, produced by Chryso- phyllum buranhem, a tree of Brazil. It occurs in irregularly-shaped dark-brown pieces, soluble in water, and with a sweetish, astringent taste. It has been used as a stomachic, alterative, and astringent. Dose gr. v-x. Unof. Monesin [mo-ne'-sin) \_monesid\. A principle (said to be identical with saponin) obtained from monesia ; it is astringent, and is said to be oxytocic. Money-counters' Disease. A disease of the hands, head, and conjunctivae of persons handling bank- notes ; it is supposed to be due to arsenic-poisoning. Mongolian Idiocy. See Idiocy, Ethnic. Mongrel {mung'-grel) [ME., mungrel, mongrel]. "An individual or a breed of animals resulting from repeated crossing or mixture of several varieties ; the progeny of varieties, or especially of artificial varie- ties, as distinguished from the hybrid or cross between two diff'erent species." Monilated {mon' -il-a-ted) [monile, a necklace]. In bi- ology , having a necklace-like arrangement ; moniliform. Monilethrix {mo-nil' -eth-riks)\_monile, a necklace ; Opi^, hair]. An affection of the hair in which nodes can be seen strung regularly or irregularly along the hair- shaft, the intemodular portions being relatively color- less, atrophied, and thinned. As distinguished from the nodes of trichorrhexis, a fracture occurs through the thinned and apparently non-pigmented portion of the shaft, the pigmented node representing what is thought to be nearly normal hair-tissue. Moniliform {mon-il' -if-orm) [monile, nec\da.ce ; forma , form]. Shaped like a necklace; beaded. Resem- bling a string of beads. Applied to the shapes of certain hairs, roots, tubers, and other structures. M. Bronchiectasis, bead-like dilatations of a bronchial tube, resembling a rosary, the tube between the dila- tations retaining its normal size. lAonWiihiix. {mo-nil' -ith-riks). See Monilethrix. Moniodhydrin {mon-e-od-hi' -drin)\jiiyDo^, single ; vdap, water], C3H5l(OH)j. A substitution-product of gly- cerin , occurring in the form of a yellow, syrupy liquid. Moniodomethane {mon-e-o-do-me'-than)\_ii6voQ, single; methane'], CH,I. Methylic iodid, a colorless, heavy, ethereal fluid, of the specific gravity of 2.199 ato° C, and boiling at 43.8° C. (lll° F.). Its vapor has been used as an anesthetic, but its decomposition is easy, the irritating effects ofiodin being produced. Moniodophenol {mon-e-od-o-fe' -nol) {jibvou single ; 'Miiq, like a violet; phenol], QH^IOH. An iodin- compound or substitution-product of phenol, existing in three isomeric forms. Monism {mon'-izni) \jj.6voq, single]. Any scheme of philosophy, or system of thinking, that aims at de- ducing all the phenomena of force, matter, life, and action from one principle. In biology, the same as Monogenesis, q. v. Monistic {mon-is'-tik) [fidvo^, single]. Of, or pertain- ing to, or of the nature of, monism. Monkey-hand {munk'-e-hand). The deformed hand of the early stage of progressive muscular atrophy. The hand presents an appearance of great length ; the thumb approaches the index-finger, and is on a line with the other fingers. Monkshood {munkz' -hood ) [ME., monk, monk; ME., hood, hood]. See Aconite. M. Prepuce, a redundant hooded prepuce upon the dorsal aspect of the penis. It is often associated with hjrpospadias. Mono- {mon'-o-) \_/i6vog, single]. A prefix signifying one or single. Monoathetosis {rnon-o-ath-et-o' -sis) \jibvo^, single; aderog, without place]. Athetosis confined to one limb or one-half of the body. Monobasic {mon-o-ba' -sik) \ji6vo(, single; basis, base]. Having one base ; applied in chemistry to an acid that enters into combination with a univalent basic radicle to form a neutral salt, or a salt containing one equiva- lent of a base. Monoblastic {mon-o-blas' -tik) [fidvoQ, single ; pXaardc, germ]. In biology, applied to the single germ-layer stage of a metazoic embryo. Cf. Monoplcuular. M. Theory of Disease, Nageli's theory of the origin of miasmatic-contagious diseases, viz. : that they are due to microphytes, which before they can reproduce the disease must undergo a special stage of development in an abnormal earth substratum. Monoblepharis {mon-o-blef -ar-is) [iidvog, single ; P'ke- (papig, eyelash]. A fungus having only a single pos- terior flagellum. Monoblepsia, Monoblepsis {mon-o-blep' -se-ah, mon-o- blep'-sis) [jidvog, single i^A^tpig, sight]. That condi- tion in which either eye has a better visual power than both together. VloTiobiacbius {mon-o-6ra'-he-us) [/i/iiiiof, single; jlpa- xt(M, arm]. A fetus or person with but one arm. Monobromacetanilid {mon - o-brom-as -et-an'- il-id). Same as Antisepsin. Monobromated {mon - 0- bro'- ma - ted ) \ji6vog, one ; Ppdfiog, stench]. Containing one bromin atom ; having one component atom of hydrogen replaced by bromin. M. Camphor. See Camphor. Monocardian {mon-o-kar' -de-an) [fidvog, single ; xapSia, heart]. Having a simple heart, single-chambered or not completely divided, as in vertebrates. Monocarp {mon'-o-harp)[/j.6vo;, single; nap'irSg, fruit]. In biology, a plant that bears fruit but once. Monocarpellary {mon-o-kar' -pel-a-re) \^fiifvog, single ; Kapjr6{, fruit] . In biology, composed of but one carpel. Monocarpous [mon-o-kar' -pus) \_ij.6voq, single ; KapTrdg, fruit]. In biology: [a] applied to plants that bear fruit once a year, as annuals ; {b) a flower in which but a single ovary, simple or compound, is produced. Monocelia {mon-o-se' -le-ah) \_ij.ovoq, single ; KoiXia, cavity]. Vertebrates whose encephalic cavity is single ; the lancelets. Monocelic {mon-o-se' -lik) l/j.6vog, single ; KoAla, cav- ity] . Having a single hollow cavity. Monocentric {mon-o-sen' -trik) \_iJ.6vog, single ; KtvTpov, center]. Having but one center ; unipolar. Monocephalous {mon-o-sef -al-us) \ji6vog, single ; KEipalii, head]. In biology, arranged in a single head or head-like cluster. yi.onace-^ba\-a.s{mon-o-sef'-al-us)\^^6vog, single; m^al\,ii, head]. A double monstrosity consisting of a single head with two bodies more or less completely fused. MONOCERCOUS 776 MONOGRAPH Monocercous (mon-o-ser' -kus) \_ij.6voq, single ; Kepicoi, the tail of a beast]. In biology, uniflagellate. Monocerous [mon-os' -er-us) l_/xov6Kepag, one-horned]. In biology, having but one horn or horn-like process. Monochasium (^mon - o - ka'- se - am) [jidvo^, single ; ;i;d-> dance]. Chorea confined to a single member or to a part of the body. Monochroic, Monochroitic {rnon-o-kro^, single; xP^St color]. Having only one color. Arterial blood is monochroic. Monochromatic imon-o-kro-mat' -ik) \_^6vo(, single ; Xpafia, color]. Having but one color. Monochromous (mon-ok'-ro-mus). Synonym, oi Mono- chromatic. Monochrous (mon-ok' -ro-us) . Synonyraoi Monochroic. Monocle {mon'-o-kl) [//(ifof, single ; oculus, eye]. A single lens or eye-glass. Monoclinic [mon-o-klin'-ik) [/idvo^, single; likivri, bed]. Pertaining to flowers that have the male and female organs in a single perianth. Also, applied to crystals in which the vertical axis is inclined to one, but is at right angles to the other lateral axis. Monoclinous (mon-o-kli' -nus) \}L6voq, single ; Kkivq, bed]. In biology, having both male and female organs in the same flower. Monococcus [mon-o-kok' -us) [/idi^of , single ; k6kko(, grain] . A single coccus ; one not united in chains or pairs. Monocotyledonous {mon-o- kot-il-e'-don-us) [fidvoq, single ; imTvkriSi>i>, a cup-shaped hollow or cavity] . In biology, possessing but one cotyledon or seed- leaf. Monocranus (mon-ok' -ran-us) \jLf>vo^, single ; Kpaviov, cranium]. A fetal monster with a single cranium, the face in part double, three or four eyes, the brain in part double. Monocrotic {mon- 0- hrot'-ih) [^/iSvog, single; Kpdrog, pulse] . Having but a single beat (as the normal pulse) for each cardiac systole ; not dicrotic. Monocrotous (mon-ok' -ro-tus). See Monocrotic!. Monocular {mon-ok' -u-lar). Synonym of Uniocular. Monoculus {mon-ok' -u-lus) [/idvof, single ; oculus, eye]. In surgery, a bandage for covering one eye. Monocyclic {mon-o-slk'-lik) \_ii,ov6kvk.}mq , having but one circle]. In biology, arranged in a single whorl. tAonocyst [mon' -o-sist)[ii6voq, sin^e; (ctorif, cyst]. A tumor made up of a single cyst. Monocystic {mon - o - sis' - tik) [//dvoc, single; Khnn^, cyst]. Composed of or containing but one cyst. Monodactylous {mon - o - dak' - til - us) [uiiwf, single; ddxrwAof , finger]. Having only one finger or toe. Monodelph, Monodelphon {mon' -o-delf, mon-o-del'- fon) \_\i(iVoq, alone; difc/l^df, brother]. In biology, a plant the stamens of which are united into a single group by their filaments. Monodelphia [mon-o-def -fe-ah) [^fidvoq, single ; SeTu^f, womb]. A class of mammals possessing a single uterus and a single vagina separated from the rectum. Monoderic {mon-o-der' -ik) \jj.bvoq, single ; &kpoq, skin]. Composed of a single layer. Monodermic {mon-o-der' -mik) \}i6voq, single ; Skppn, skin]. Having an envelop composed of a single layer. Monodidymus {mon-o-did' -im-us) \_ii6voq, single ; 6iSv- /iof, twin]. One of twins. Monodiplopia [mon-o-dip-lo'-pe-ah) [^/idvoc, single; diTrMog, double; fiyjif, sight]. Double vision with a single eye. Monodisc strobila. See Strobila. Monodont {mon' -o-dont) [/idvof, single; bSovq, tooth]. Having but one tooth. Monoembryony (mon-o-em' -bre-on-e) {jiivoq, single ; ifi^pvov, embryo]. In biology, having but a single embryo, as certain seeds. Monoflagellate {mon-o-flaf -el-at) \jiAvaq, single ; flag- ellum, a whip] . Monomastigate ; having only one whip-like appendage, as an infusorian. Monoformin {mon- o- form' -in) [pJivog, single, formica, an ant]. A substitution-compound of glycerin con- taining the radicle of formic acid. It is a colorless liquid, obtained by the action of oxalic acid and ether upon glycerin. Monogamous (mon-og' -am-tts) [ji&eoQ, single; yafioq, marriage] . Having but one wife or mate ; living in pairs. In botany, applied to flowers that have the two kinds of sexual elements isolated from one another or not collected under a single capitulum. Monogamy {mon-og' -am-e) \ji6voq, single ; yd/jof, mar- . riage]. The marriage of two individuals of opposite sexes. Monogastric {mon-o-gas' -trik) \ji6voq, single ; yaar^p, stomach]. Having only one stomach or belly. Monogeneous {mon-o-je' -ne-us) [fi6voq, single ; yhoQ, race] . Of one race or family. In botany, having but one surface of increase. Monogenesis {mon-o-jen' -es-is) \jjJn)oq, single; ykveaiq, origin]. In biology : {a) development of offspring re- sembling the parent, as distinguished from metagene- sis; {b) development from a single hermaphroditic parent ; {c) origin of all organisms from a single cell. Monogenetic {mon-o-jen-ef -ik) \jiAvoq, single ; yeveri), source, beginning, birth]. In biology, exhibiting direct development without alternation of generations, or heterogeny, as distinguished from digenetic. Monogenic {mon-o-jen' -ik) [jumbg, single; yevvav, to produce]. In biology, producing but one sort of embryo, as distinguished from diphygenic. Monogenism {mon-oj'-en-izm) \jiAvoq, single ; yewf , race]. The doctrine that the members of the human race are descended from one pair only. Monogenous {mon-oj'-en-us) [ijl6voq, single ; yivrjq, produce]. In biology, applied to organisms that re- semble their parents. Monoglenous {mon-o-gle' -nus) \^fi6voq, single ; yyfvij, pupil]. Having, or seeing with, but one pupil. Monogoneutic {mon-o-gon-u' -tik) [iifnmq, single ; yovh- euv, to produce]. In biology, producing but a single brood during the year. Monogonoporous \mon-o-gon-op' -or-us) [^fi6vug, single; y6vn(;, offspring; Trdpof, passage]. Having only one genital outlet. Monogony {mon-og' -o-ne) [ii6voq, single; yovla, pro- duce]. In biology, generation among animals in which sex is not differentiated. Monograph {mon' -o-graf) \jilyvoq, single; ypi(peiv, to write]. A treatise or memoir concerning a single subject. MONOGYNECIAL 777 MONOPLEGIA Monogynecial {mon^o-jm-e'-se-al){ii6ivft(, single; yvvii, female ; ol/cof, house]. In biology, applied to fruits that are formed from the pistil of one flower. Monogyny {nton-cy' -in-e) [jiivo^, single ; ywij, female] . In biology, mating with but one female. Monohemerous (mon-o-hem' -er-us) [/i(Jvof, single ; riidpa, a day] . Lasting but a day ; ephemeral. Monobydric (mon-o-ki' 'drik) [jj^voq, single ; iiSop, wa- ter]. Containing one atom of hydrogen. Specifically applied to such acids as have a single hydrogen atom replaceable by a basic atom or radicle ; Sind also to alcohols that by oxidation exchange two atoms of hy- drogen for one of oxygen, and form acids containing the same number of carbon atoms as the alcohols from which they were derived. Monoicous {mon-o' -ik-us) . Synonym of Monecious. Monoideism {mon-o-i-de'-izm) [^(ivof, single; ISka, idea]. The domination of a single idea, as in certain cases of hypnotism and insanity. Monolein {mon-o' -le^n) [jiAvoi, single; oleum, oil], CjjHjjOj. A compound of glycerin and oleic acid occurring in crystals. Monolocular {mon-o-lok' -u-lar) [ji&iioq, single ; loculus a cell or cavity]. Having one cell. Unicellular. Syno- nym of Unilocular and Monocystic. Monomania (mon-o-ma'-ne-ah) ^6voq, single ; iiavla, madness]. A form of mania or madness in which a single delusion or form of delusion is especially dwelt upon. See Paranoia. Monomaniac {mon-o-ma' -ne-ati) \jjh>oq, single ; fiavia, madness]. A person who dwells especially upon one delusion or form of delusion. Monomastigate [mon-o-mas' -tig-at). Same as Mono- flagellate. Monomeniscous (mon-o-men-W -kus) \}iivoq, single; jirpiiaisog, a crescent, or concavo-convex] . In biology, applied to such invertebrate eyes as are provided with a single lens, e.g. , the central eyes of scorpions and Limulus, as distinguished irom. Jiolymeniscous. Monomerous {mon-om' -er-us) \ji(ivo<;, single ; fiepog, part]. In biology, applied to flowers that are con- structed on the numerical plan of one ; or to single- jointed parts of certain animals. Monommatous {mon-onif -at-us) [ji6vog, single; d/i/ia, eye]. One-eyed. Monomoria [mon-o-mo'-re-ah) \ji6vo(, single ; ftapla, folly]. Melancholy. Monomorphic (mon-o-mor' -fik") \jihioq, single ; ^pffj, form]. In biology : (a) applied to a collection of in- dividuals, exhibiting similarity or identity of form ; (li) applied to species in which the same forms recur one after another with comparatively insignificant individ- ual characters; the opposite oi pleomorphic MonomoTpho-cellular (mon - o - mor'-fo - seV- u-lar) [/jdvof, single; (wpipfi, form; cellula, a little cell]. Having but one form of cell ; as a monomorpho- cellular myxoma. Monomorphous (mon-o-mor' -fus) \jiJivoq, single ; fiop^, form]. Having but a single form ; not polymorphous. Monomphalia, Monomphalus {mon - am -fa'- le - ah, mon-om' -fal-tis) [jidvoQ, single ; b/ja?^s, na,vel]. A double monstrosity united by a common umbilicus. Monomyous (mon-o-mi'-us) [_ii6vog, single ; /ivc, mus- cle]. Having only one muscle; applied to certain bivalves, the shells of which are closed by a single muscle. Mononeurus (mon-o-nu'-rus) [jjAvo^, single ; vevpov, nerve] . Having only one nervous system. Mononoia, Mononcea (mon-o-noi' -ak, mon-o-ne' -ah) [/iifvof, single ; »i5of, mind]. Same as Monoideism. Mononuclear [mon-o-tm' -i/e-ar) . Synonym of Vni- nuclear. Mononychous [mon-o-nik'-us] \p.6voq, single; oiwf, hoof]. Having an uncleft hoof. Mononym {mon'-o-nim) \_iJ.6mQ, single ; owfia, name]. A name consisting of but a single word. Thus callo- sum is a. mononym for corpus callosum ; pia, for pia mater ; myel, for spinal cord. Mononymic {mon-o-nim' -ik) [fidvo^, single ; bvofia, name]. Having but one name. Monopagia [mon-o-pa' -je-ah) \ji6vo(, single; nayi.oQ, fixed] . Fixed local pain in the head ; clavus hystericus. Monoparesis {mon-o-par' -es-is) [|U(ivof, single ; Trapeat;, paresis] . Paralysis of a single part of the body, as one limb. Monopathophobia [mon-o-path-o-fo'-be-ah) \jih)oq, single ; waSog, disease ; fdjBoQ, fear]. Monomaniacal pathophobia. Monopathy {mon-op'-alh-e) \^/i6vog, single; nado(, dis- ease] . Uncomplicated disease of a single organ. Moziopegia {mon-o-pe' -Je-ah). See Monopagia. MonopetlflDus (mon-o-pef -al-us) \^6vo(i single ; irtra- %av, leaf]. See Gamopetalous and Sympetalous. Monophagia (mon-o-fa' -je-ah) \ji.6voq, single ; ^ccytiv, to eat]. I. Desire for a single article of food. 2, The eating of a single daily meal. Monophasia {mon-o-fa'-ze-ah) [ii6voq, single ; ifiavai, to speak]. A centric disturbance of speech, a form of aphasia, in which speech is limited to a single syllable, word, or sentence. Monophobia (mon-o-fo' -be-aK) \jjth>o^, single; 6^oc, fear]. I. Morbid dread of being alone. 2. Fear in itself, or of everything, as a symptom in neuras- thenia ; abnormal timidity. Monophosphatid {mon-o-fos'-fat-id) [^dvof, single ; phosphorus"^. Any phosphatid which contains only one phosphorus radicle. Several such compounds have been discovered in the brain-substance. Monophthalmia {mon-off-thal' -me-ah) \ji6vo^, single ; txpda^/iSc, eye]. Synonym of Cyclopia. Monophthalmous (mon-off-thal' -mos) ![fi6vo^, single ; o6a?i,ft6s, eye]. Single-eyed; also, pertaining to a bandage for one eye. Monophyletic (mon-o-fi-lef -ik) \ji.6voq, single; ^Uj, tribe]. In biology, derived from a single prototype. M. Hypothesis, the doctrine of Hmckel, that the various organic lines of animals have descended from a common type. Monophyllous {mon-o-fil' -us) \ji6voq, single ; (jiiiUov, leaf]. In biology, having but one leaf; formed of a single leaf. Monophyodont [mon-o-fi' -o-donl') \ji£vai, single ; voq, single ; ddXa/io^, chamber]. Consisting of only one chamber. Monothelious {mon-o-the' -le-us) \_ii6voq, single ; BijXv^, female] . In biology, polyandrous ; applied to species in which several males serve a single female. Monotic {mon-ot'-ik) [ji6vo(, single; ojf, ear]. Per- taining to but one of the ears. Monotocous {mon - of- o - kus) [/uivof , single ; T6m(, birth]. In biology, bearing fruit or producing young but once or but one at a time ; uniparous. Monotonia {mon-o-to'-ne-ah) [(U^uof, single; T&voq, tone]. Uniformity of voice ; in vocalization, that kind of uniformity that results from paralysis of the laryn- geal tensors. Monotonic {mnn-o-ton' -ik) \jjMi>&Tovoq, of a single form, simple]. In biology, applied to such groups or masses of materials or organisms as are homogenous ; being characterized by a single species or a single genus, or even a single family or order ; the opposite of Poly- mixic, q. v. Monotrema {tnon-o-ire' -mah) [jj.&voc, single ; rp^fia, hole : pi. , Monotremata"] . A single aperture. The Monotremata form a class of animals including the duckbill, in which the intestinal and the genito-urinary tracts open into a common cloaca. Monotridymus {mon-o-trid' -im-us) [ji6voq, single ; Tpldv/joi, triple]. A monstrosity consisting of three bodies or having triplicate parts. Monotrochal {mon-ot'-ro-kal) [/i(ifOf, single ; rpo;|;(if, wheel]. In embryology, applied to embryos having but a single ciliated band. Monotjrpal {mon-o-ti' -pal) \jibvo^, single ; T{i7rof, type]. Having but a single type or form, as a monotypal disease or genus. Monotype {mon'-o-tlp) \}i/)Voz, single; rdirof, type]. In biology the sole typical representative of its kind. Monovalent {mon-ov'-al-ent). Same as Univalent. Monoxid {mon-oks' -id) [uiivof, single; 6f6f, acid]. An oxid containing a single oxygen atom combined either with two univalent atoms or with one bivalent atom. Monozoic {mon-o-zo' -ik) [/zfoof , single ; fv"") ^" ^™-' mal]. In biology, applied to certain unsegmented animals, as Amphilina, Caryophyllmm, and Archigetes among the Platodes. Monro, Foramen of. See Foramina, Table of, and Porta. M., Sulcus of, a slight furrow dividing the mesal surface of the thalamus of the brain into a dor- sal and a ventral area. Also called Aulix. Mons (oto«2) [L. : //. , Monies'], i. A mountain. In anatomy, the Mons pubis or the Mons veneris. M. cerebelli. See Monticulus. M. pubis, the emi- MONSEL'S SOLUTION 779 MONSTROSITIES nence in front of the body and horizontal ramus of the OS pubis ; it is called also, in the female, M. veneris. M. veneris, the mons pubis of the female. Monsel's Solution, M.'s Salt. See Ferrum. Monster {mon'-ster). See Monstrosity. Monstricide {mon' -str-is-td) \jnonstrum, monster; c toralis major).) Motatorious {tno-tat- o'-re-us) \_motare, p. p. moiatus, to move] . In biology, vib- ratory ; applied especially to certain long- legged spiders and crane-flies which have a habit of keeping the body in a state of constant vibration. Moth {mawth) [ME., mothe, moth]. See Chloasma. M. -patch. Synonym of Chloasma. Mother (muth' -er)\yiY,. , moder, mother]. A female parent. Also, any residue con- tained in a solution. M.-cell, a cell before segmentation, afterward splitting up into smaller cells called Daughter- cells. See Cell. M. -liquor, the liquid that remains after the contained dis- solved substances have been partly or wholly crys- tallized or precipitated in an amorphous condition. M.'s Mark. See Angioma and Ncevus matemus. M. -nucleus. See Karyokinesis and Nucleus. M.- of-pearl Osteomyelitis. See Osteomyelitis, Con- chiolin. M.'s Plaster. See Brown Plaster. M.'s Salve. See Brown Ointment. M. -skein. See Spi- rem. M.'s-spot, a nevus. M.-star, a stage in karyo- kinesis. Ste Karyokinesis, &n&. Star. M. of Vinegar, the gelatinous deposit found in vinegar, and formed by the filaments of Mycoderma aceti, so-called because, when introduced into a saccharine solution, it con- verts the solution into vinegar. M.- water, the re- maining solution of salts and other substances that fail to crystallize after the spontaneously crystalliz- able salts have been removed. See M.-liquor. M.- wort, the herb Leonurus cardiaca, an emmenagogue, nervine, and antispasmodic. It is a popular remedy in amenorrhea and hysteria. Dose of the fld. ext. gss-ij. Unof. M. -wreath. See Aster, and Wreath. Motile (mo' -til) [movere, to move]. Capable of spon- taneous motion, as a motile flagellum. Motion (mo' -shun) [movere, to move]. Continuous change of position. Also, an evacuation of the bowels. M., Ameboid, the motion of certain low forms of living cells. M., Brownian. See Brownian. M., Ciliary, the waving or lashing move- ment of cells possessed of cilia. M., Involuntary, a movement of an organ or part that is not an act of volition. M., Pendulum, a to-and-fro movement like tljat of the pendulum, sometimes observed in the arms in obscure nervous diseases. M., Voluntary, any change of position of an organ or part due to an act of the will. See also Movement. Motive (mo'-tiv) [movere, to move] . Causing motion ; a determining impulse. M. Force, M. Power, the moving or impelling force. M.QiOT (mo'-tor)[movere,toraove\. A mover. A term applied to various muscles and to a class of nerves. M. Aphasia. See Aphasia. M. Area, the por- ' Ascending fron- tal and parie- tal convolutions . (motor area). '3d frontal convo- lution and in- sula (center of i_ . speech). Temporalis, f Facial (upper \ branch). Facial (trunk). Post, auricular. {Facial (middle branch ; lower branch). Splenius. Stern o-mastoideus. Spinal accessory. f Levator anguli \ scapulas. Trapezius. ( Dorsalis scapulse \ (rhomboids). Circumflex. ( Long thoracic. ■I (serratus mag- ( nus). Phrenic ^ Brachial Plexus 5th and 6th cervical (del- 4;oid, biceps, brachialis, su- pin. longus). Motor Points of Face and Neck, Crural. Adductor magnus Adductor longus. 1 Tensor vag. r femoris. Sartorius. f Quadriceps. \ (common point) Rectus femoris. !■ Vastus extern. Vastus intern Motor Points of Anterior Aspect of Left Thigh. MOTOR 785 MOTOR f> Triceps (cap. } long.). J Triceps (cap. ) intern.)' ) Ulnar. | Flexor carpi ulnaris. Flex, dig. com. prof. Flex. dig. (11 et") III) subl. J Flex. dig. {ind. 1 et min.) subl. J Ulnar. Palmaris brevis. Abduc.'dig. min. Flexor dig. min, Oppo. dig. min. Lumbricales, M us- culo- cuta- neous. Biceps. 1 Brach- -< ialls t ant. Pronator teres. ; Flex, carpi rati. Flex, digit, subl. Flex. longus poll. Median. Abduct, poll. Opponens pollicis. Flex, brevis poll. Adduc. brev. poll. Motor Points of Palmar Aspect of Left Arm. Tibialisanticus. Ext, digit, long. Peroneus brevis. Peroneal. Gastrocnemius. Peroneus long. Extensor hal-\ '■J lucis longus. Interossei f dorsales. { /Flex, hallucis \ long. Ext. digit, brev. f Abductor |_ min. digit. Deltoid- eus (pos- terior portion). Musculo-spiral. Brachialis ant. Supinator long, Ext. radialis long. Ext. rad. brevis Ext. digit, com- f munis. I. Extensor indicis. Ext. OSS. metac. poll. Ext. prim, in- tern, poll. Interossei dor- ( sal (land II). \ J Triceps (cap. I long). /Triceps (cap. \ extern.). 1 Ext. carpi ul- J naris. I Supinator i brevis. Ex. min. digit. Ex, indicis. fExt. sec. in- \ tern. poll. /Abduct, mill. I digit. ) Inteross, dor- }- sal. (Ill and J IV). Motor Points of Dorsal Aspect of Left Arm. Biceps r (cap. long.), feme- < "^ I (cap. brev.). Peroneal. Gastrocnemius ) (cap. ext.). j" Soleus. Flexor long, hallucis. } Gluteus inaxi- / mus. #] — Adductor magnus. Semitendinosus; Semimembranosus, Post, tibial. f Gastrocnemius \ (cap. int.). Soleus. /Flexor digit. \ comm. long. Tibial. Motor Points of Outer Aspect of Left Leg. 50 Motor Points of Posterior Aspect of Left Thigh and Leg. MOTORIAL 786 MOUNTING tion of the cerebral gyri in each hemisphere surround- ing the central fissure, viz. : the precentral and post- central gyri bordering the fissure, the posterior part of the three frontal gyri, and the paracentral lobule on the mesal surface of the hemisphere. Stimulation of this region by a weak faradic current induces movement in definite parts of the oppo.site half of the body. M. Ataxia. See Ataxia. M, Cell, a nerve-cell generat- ing motor impulses. M. Centers. See Center. M. Fibers, centrifugal nerve-fibers exciting contraction of muscles. M. Impulse, the nerve-influence that results in action. M. Nerves, those efferent nerves that carry impulses to the muscles. M. oculi. See Nerves, Table of. M. Path, the path traversed by a motor impulse, from the brain to the muscles. M. Points, the points on the surface of the body where the various branches of the motor nerves supplying the muscles may be affected by electricity. See Cuts of Motor-points, pp. 784-785. M.Vaso-. '^eeVaso-motor. Motorial [mo-to'-re-al) [inotorius, motory]. Of or pertaining to motion. M. £nd-plate, an eminence of protoplasm within the sarcolemma where a nerve- fiber pierces the latter. It is produced by a spreading out of the axis-cylinder. Motorium [mo-lo'-re-iim) \_?itovere, to move]. The motor apparatus of the body, both nervous and mus- cular, considered as a unit. Motory (mo'-tor-e) \movere, to move]. Same as Motor. Motosis (^mo-to^-sis) \_fj.0T6c^, linl]. A lint-dressing. Motricity [nio-tris' -it-e) \jnovere, to move]. Motor neuricity ; the efferent motor impulse sent along a nerve. Motschutkowski's Method. See Treatment. Mottle [mot'-l) [ME., motteleye, a mixture of colors]. To mark with spots or blemishes. Mottled (mot' -Id) [ME., motteleye, a mixture of colors]. Spotted ; marked with patches of dark color ; varie- gated. M. Kidney. Same as Large White Kidney. Mottling (mot'-ling) [ME., mottleye, a mixture of colors]. A spotted condition. Mouches volantes (otooj/4z'o-&»/') [Fr.J. See Musca: volitantes. Mouilla [moo-il'-ah). An excellent liquid potash soap containing a large percentage of glycerin. It is employed in dermatology, and is useful in the treatment of come- dones and for cleansing purposes. It does not contain enough fat for use on the face. Mould, Mold [mold). "See Mold auA Fungus. Moulding-flask. A flask invented for obtaining cast- ings from plaster models, which, on account of irregu- larity of the teeth or projection of the alveolar border, cannot be drawn from a simple impression in sand. Mounding [mown' -ding) [ME., mound, a protection]. The rising in a lump of musule-fibers when struck by a slight, firm blow. It is observed in the thin and feeble, and in certain diseases, as pulmonary tuber- culosis and advanced locomotor ataxia. See Myoidema. Mount [mownt)\yk^ ,;«»««/, a mountain]. In palmistry, a fleshy cushion in the palm of the hand. M. of Jupi- ter, the name given to the eminence at the root of the index finger. M. of Mars, the name given to the upper part of the hypothenar eminence. M. of Mer- cury, the name given to the eminence at the root of the little finger. M. of the Moon, the name given to the lower part of the hypothenar eminence. M. of Saturn, the name given to the eminence at the root of the middle finger. M. of the Sun, the name given to the eminence at the root of the ring-finger. M. of Venus, a name given in palmistry to the thenar eminence. Mountain [ijiown' -ten) \W^., mountaine, mountain]. A high elevation of land. M. Anemia, 'see Anky- lostomiasis. M.Balm. See Eriodiciyon. M.-blue. Same as Azurite. M. -climbing. See Terrain-cure. M. Fever, a synonym of Typhoid Fever, q. v. M.- green. Same as Brunswick Green and Malachite Green. M. Laurel. See Kalmia. M. Sage. See Sierra Salvia. M. Sickness, symptoms consequent upon the ascent to high altitudes, consisting of debil- ity, vomiting, tremulousness, headache, loss of mus- cular power, etc. See Anoxysmia, Hypsonosus, Mareo. M. Tea, a popular name for Gaultheria pro- cumbens, q. v. Mountaineering Malady. See Mountain Sickness. Mountebank [mown' -te-bank) [It., montambanco, mountebank]. A quack who prescribes and sells medicines and nostrums in public places. Also called Quacksalver. Mounting [movim'-ting) [ME., mounten, to mount]. In microscopy, the arrangement of a microscopic object upon some suitable support (slide) and in some suit- able medium. M.-cell, in microscopy, a ring of card-board, metal, or rubber, for the support of the cover-glass, or to prevent" the mounting-medium from spreading when the object is thick. M, -media, va- rious fluids, or resins in the fluid state, afterward be- coming splid, that are employed in the examina- tion and temporary or/ permanent preservation of mi- croscopic objects. See also Stains, Table of. The most important are as follows : Acetate of Copper, for preserving and mounting green algae. Acetate of copper I grm, glacial acetic acid i c.c , camphor- water 250 c.c, glycerin 250 c.c, corrosive subli- mate 4 grms. The glycerin is sometimes omitted with advantage, as in the case of volvox. Acetate of Potassium, used in a strongly concentrated solution ; it behaves much as glycerin, but does not dry at the edges and is less refractive. Benzol, employed as a solvent for Canada balsam and in preparing objects for balsam-mounts, but unfit for use as a me- dium for preliminary examination, on account of its great volatility. Bergamot, Oil of. Schieffer- decker first recommended this oil as a clearing-agent and mounting-medium ; it clears 95 per cent, alcohol preparations and celloidin preparations, and does not attack anilin colors. Canada Balsam. This should be deprived of certain volatile products before using. Solutions free from chloroform are to be preferred, es- pecially for bacteria. Baumgarten recommends equal parts of Canada balsam and oil of cloves. Pure xylol answers equally well. Owing to the high refractive index of Canada balsam (1.53), bacteria are poorly de- fined in it. Carbolic Acid. One of the best agents for clearing and temporary examination of tissues. It is best used in concentrated solution in alcohol, when it clears instantaneously even very watery prepara- tions. For clearing sections imbedded in celloidin, use a mixture of xylol and carbolic acid in equal parts. Caustic Potash. A very useful clearing-agent in mod- erately strong (5 per cent.) solutions, for the examina- tion of plant-sections. If sections are to be permanently mounted, they should be washed in water, passed through dilute alcohol, and mounted in glycerin. Ce- dar-oil. On account of its refractive index, which resembles that of crown-glass ; this is the most widely-used fluid for homogeneous immersion ob- jectives. It is miscible with chloroform-balsam and with castor oil. It clears tissues in 95 per cent, alco- hol without shrinkage, and does not extract anilin stains. It is, therefore, one of the most valuable of all media for preliminary examinations. Chloro- form, employed in preparing objects for mounting, and sometimes as a solvent for balsam j but it is not to be recommended, as it, tends to destroy the staining, MOUNTING 787 MOUTH especially in bacterial preparations. Cloves, Oil of. This has a tendency to form very convex drops, and to render tissues brittle ; sometimes this is considered ad- vantageous in minute dissections. It clears objects better than balsam, and may be used in connection with bal- sam-mounts ; but, as it dissolves celloidin, it should not be used for sections imbedded in that medium. It dark- ens with age, and is commonly adulterated with phenol, which may be detected by Fluckiger' s test : i. i. , shake the suspected oil with fifty parts of hot water, slowly evaporate the aqueous portion to a small bulk, and test it with a drop of ammonia and n. pinch of chlo- rid of lime. If phenol be present, a green color is developed, which changes to a permanent blue color. Copal Varnish. Pale copal varnish, of the consis- tency of oil, is recommended as a substitute for Can- ada balsam. For very large sections it is very useful, makes no bubbles, and it dries so hard, if slightly warmed, as to stand wiping and dusting with a soft brush. By its use large and expensive cover-glasses may be dispensed with. Creasote [Stieda's Method). A very useful clearing-agent and temporary mount for watery sections. Rinse the sections in water; bring them upon the slide ; remove the water by means of blotting-paper ; add a drop of creasote at the side ; when clear, draw off the creasote in the same way and replace with dammar. CsoKOR's Cement for Glycerin-mounts. Pure Venice turpentine is poured into some melted wax upon a water-bath until a portion taken out on a glass rod becomes stiff at once and does not stick to the hand. Dammar, used as a substitute for Canada balsam. Gum dam- mar dissolved in benzol, or xylol, about loo grms. of dammar to ICO c.c. of benzol. Dammar and Mas- tic, much used as a substitute for Canada balsam. First solution : Gum dammar loo grms., oil of tur- pentine 200 c. c. Dissolve and filter. Second solu- tion: Gum mastic 50 grnis. , chloroform 200 grms. Mix the two solutions. Tarrant's Medium, re- commended because tissues mounted in it preserve their normal appearance, and in that it is more con- venient than glycerin, as it dries at the edges and fixes the cover-glass. Tissues may be mounted in it directly from water, but it is better that they be soaked for a time in dilute glycerin. Formula: Dissolve I grm. of arsenious acid in 200 c.c. of distilled water. In this fluid dissolve, at the ordinary temperature, 130 grms. of gum acacia, with frequent stirring; add 100 c.c. of glycerin; mix. Filter the solution through fine Swedish paper upon which has been deposited a thin layer of talc. Glycerin. When this is used as a mounting-medium, the best quality should be em- ployed. A mixture of equal parts of water and gly- cerin is often preferred. As a mounting-medium for plant-tissues, the best preparation is glycerin and acetic acid in equal parts, boiled and filtered. For specimens stained in carmin, the glycerin should be acidulated with one per cent, of formic or acetic acid. Glycerin-jelly. This is a mixture of gly- cerin and pure gelatin ; it is liquid at the temperature of boiling water, and solidifies on cooling. Speci- mens should generally be saturated with glycerin be- fore mounting. Goodale gives the following formula : One part of gelatin is soaked in six parts of water for two hours, seven parts of glycerin are added, and one part of carbolic acid is added to the whole. The mass is heated for fifteen minutes with constant stirring, and then filtered through glass-wool in a hot funnel. All of the ingredients must be absolutely pure. Wrap the cork of the bottle containing the jelly in a thin piece of linen which has been dipped in pure carbolic acid. Another formula is the following: Soften 25 grms. (6.4 3 ) of gelatin in cold water. Warm the gelatin over a water-bath; add 5 c. c. (1.3 fg) of white of egg, to clarify. Do not heat above 75° or 80° C. (167° or 176° F.). Pass through a hot filter, mix with an equal volume of glycerin, and add 5 grms. (1.33) of chloral hydrate. Glycerin-solution. Glycerin 10 parts, glucose 40 parts, spt. of camphor 10 parts, distilled water 140 parts. Mix and filter. The ad- vantage of this medium is that it possesses the refrac- tive index 1.37 in the yellow ray. Gold Size, employed as a sealing for glycerin and potash mounts. Hoyer's Medium. («) Vox anilin preparations : A filtered solution of selected white gum-arabic in a 50 per cent, aqueous solution of acetate of potassium oi- acetate of ammonium, (b') For carmin preparations and hematoxylin preparations : The same as the first, but a concentrated solution of chloral hydrate, to which has been added from 5 to 10 per cent, of glycerin, is sub- stituted for the solution of potassium or ammonium. It is recommended by Strasburger for plant-tissues. Lavdowsky's Medium, for mounting sections. It also clears somewhat. It consists of gum-sandarac 30 grms., dissolved in absolute alcohol 50 c.c. A thin solution may also be made by diluting with an equal quantity of absolute alcohol. Maskenlack. An ad- hesive varnish prepared in Germany for securing the edges of cover-glasses when mounting-media lacking tenacity are used. Mikroskopirlack. A German varnish employed for securing the edges of cover- glasses when mounting-fluids lacking tenacity are used. Shellac. This is frequently employed in building up cells or securing the edges of cover-glasses. It may be best used in alcoholic solution, to which a few drops of castor oil are added to prevent brittleness. It may be tinged with the anilin dyes. Smith's (Ham- ilton) High-index Mounting-fluid for Dia- toms. In two (2) fluid drams of glycerin-jelly, made in the usual way, dissolve in the cold ten ( 10) drams of chemically-pure stannous chlorid. When the solution is complete, bring to the boil for a few minutes and filter while hot. The fluid must be used hot. This is done by simply heating the slide at the time of mounting. It has a refractive index (approxi- mately) of 2.40. The color is equal to that of old yel- low balsams. Diatoms mounted in it show with wonderful clearness. Turpentine, used as a clearing- agent, as a solvent for balsam, and as a medium for the temporary examination of sections. Its refractive index is such as to render it a valuable medium. Thickened Turpentine (the verharztes Terpentinol of German writers), which is prepared by exposing rectified tur- pentine in thin layers to the air for several days, does not shrink alcohol preparations, as does the ordi- nary spirit. White Lead {with oil), used in build- ing up cells and sealing mounting-media that lack te- nacity. Xylol, used in preparing objects, and as a sol- vent for Canada balsam. It is suitable as a medium for preliminary examination, on account of its great solu- bility. Xylol-balsam. Canada balsam dissolved in xylol is used as a medium in mounting microscopic objects. Moussena (moo'-se-nah or moo-se'-nah) [African]. The bark of Albizzia anthelininthica, a good-sized shrub of Abyssinia. It is said to be an efficient teiiia- cide, acting without purging, nauseating, or producing colic. See Acacia. Moussenin [inoo^ -sen-in) \nioussena'\. The alkaloid found in Moussena bark. It was discovered by Tlieil in Albizzia anthelminlhica, and resembles saponin. It is also spelled mussenin. Moustache (/w«j'-/rt.r.4 ) . See Mustache zxi& Mystax. Mouth [inowth ) [ME. , mouth, mouth] . The proximal MOUVEMENT DE MANfiGE 788 MUCOID terminus of the alimentary canal extending from the lips to the pharynx. The cavity in which mastication takes place. Also, the termination of any canal. M. -breather, a person who habitually breathes through the mouth. M. -breathing, respiration through the oro-pharynx instead of, as normally, through the naso-pharynx. M. -protector, an appli- ance used to protect the lips and cheeks in using the discs with the dental engine. M., Sore. See Aph- tha and Stomatitis. M.-wash, a gargle ; any liquid preparation for the mouth and fauces. Mouvement de manege [Fr. ]. A form of forced movement in which the animal runs about in a circle ; it is seen in certain cases of vivisection in which the semicircular canals of the internal ear have been divided. Movement (moov'-meni) [movere, to move] . A motion or action. See Motion. M., Acquired, one ac- quired after much practice and the exercise of volun- tary control. M., Ameboid, that resembling the movement of the ameba. It consists of a change in form by the throwing out of processes called pseu- dopods, the rest of the protoplasm flowing into the processes. It is observed in certain unicellular organ- isms and in leukocytes. See Motion, Ameboid. M., Associated, an involuntary movement in one part when another is moved voluntarily. M., Brovirnian, a physical phenomenon observed in aggregations of minute particles, and consisting of a rapid, oscillating movement without change of the relative position of the moving particles. See Bro^vnian. M., Ciliary, the movement of the processes of ciliated cells or of the cilia of organisms. It is a rapid movement, generally in one direction. M., Circus, a, type of manage move- ment \jj. v-l, in which the animal executes rapid circular movements or somersaults. It is produced experimentally by injury of the striatum, of the thala- mus, or of the crus of one side. M.-cure. See Kinesitherapy . M., Febrile, febrile changes of tem- perature. M., Fetal, the muscular movements of the fetus in utero. M., Forced, unsymmetric move- ment of the body from unilateral injury of the motor centers or the conducting paths, as in the following: Index M., when the cephalic part of the body is moved about the stationary caudal part; Rolling M., when the animal rolls on its long axis. M., Molecular. Synonym oi Brownian Movement. M., Sarcodic. Synonym oi M., Ameboid. Mower's Mite. See Leptus autumnalis. de Mowre's Hypothesis. See Life. Moxa [moks'-ah) [Chin, and Jap.]. A term used to designate combustible organic matter which, by burn- ing in contact with the skin , produces a deep-seated eschar. The Chinese moxa consists of bundles of Artemisia. In modern surgery, rolls of cotton half an inch in diameter, impregnated with niter Jj to g viij of water are used. Cobwebs are also employed. Unof. M. -bearer, or Porte-moxa, an instrument for applying the moxa. Moxiburium [moks-ib-u'-re-um). See Moxibustion. Moxibustion (moks-ib-us'-chun) [moxa, moxa; urere, toburn]. The application of the actual cautery by means of the moxa. See Byssocausis. Moxosphyra (moh-os-fi' -rah) [moxa, moxa ; a(j)vpa, hammer]. A hammer heated in boiling water and applied to the skin for purposes of counter-irritation. 'iA\iQ.a.%o(mi4-ka'-go)[mucus, muc\i&\. Mucus; mucilage. Mucamid (mu'-kam-id) [mucus, mucus ; amid], C|,H|2- NjOfl. A crystalline substance isomeric with sacchar- amid. Mucate {mu'-kdt) [mucus, mucus]. A salt of mucic acid. Mucedin {mu'-se-din) [mucus, mucus]. A nitrogenous substance obtained by alcohol from gluten-fibrin ; when freshly precipitated it is a yellowish- white slimy mass, with a silky luster. It is readily soluble in 60-70 per cent, alcohol, also in dilute acids and alkalies. See Gluteti and Mucin. Mucedo [mu-se'-do). Synonym. o{ Mucus. Mucic Acid [mu'-sik). See Acid. Muciferous [mu-sif -er-us) [mucus, mucus; ferre, to bear] . Producing or secreting mucus. Mucific {mu-sif'-ik). Synonym oi Muciferous. Mucifluxus (tnu-sifluks' -us) [mucus, mucus ;y?«f«, to flow]. A mucous discharge. Muciform (mu'-sif-orm) [mucus,Tancus; forma, form]. Resembling mucus. Mucigen {mu'-sij-en) [mucus, mucus ; ytmav, to pro- duce]. A hypothetic mucigenous substance of^oblet- cells. Mucigenous (mu-sij'-en-us) [mucus, mucus ; yswav to produce]. Producing or secreting mucus. Mucilage [mu'-sil-ij) [mucilago, mucilage]. See Mu- cilago. M.-cell, one of those plant-cells that secrete mucilage, owing to a change in the contents of the cell, to a disorganization of the cell- wall, or to both causes. Mucilaginous (rnu - sil - af - in - us) [mucilago, from mucus, mucus]. Pertaining to mucilage or gum. M. Glands. See Gland. Mucilago {mu-sil-a' -go) [L, : gen., Mucilaginis : pi., Mucilagines]. A mucilage. In pharmacy, a thick, viscid liquid obtained by extracting the soluble mucil- aginous principles of certain plants in water. ■ There are four official mucilagines, besides three in the *' National Formulary." Mucin (mu'-sin) [mucus, raacus]. A glucosid, a com- pound of a proteid with a carbohydrate called animal gum, the characteristic substance in mucus, occurring also in saliva, bile, mucous tissue, synovia, etc. Decom- posed it yields leucin and tyrosin. It is insoluble in water, and is precipitated by alcohol and acetic acid. Mucinaginous {mu-sin-af-in-us). Same as Mucig- enous. Mucinogen {mu-sin' -o-jen) [mucus, mucus ; yemaV, to produce]. The antecedent principle from which mucin is derived. Mucinoid [mu'-sin-oid) [mucus, mucus; eWof, like]. Resembling mucin. Mucinuria [mu-sin-u'-re-ah) ' [mucus, mucus ; oupov, urine] . The presence of mucin in the urine. Muciparous (mu-sip' -ar-us) [mucus , xnv.a}& \ parere ,\.o bring forth]. Secreting or producing mucus. Mucitis {mu-si'-tis) [mucus, mucus ; (nf, inflammation]. Inflammation of any mucous membrane ; also, blenor- rhea. Mucocele [mu'-ko-sll) [mucus, mucus ; Kri'kri, tumor]. A mucous tumor or distention of the lacrymal sac. Muco-colitis (mu-ko-ko-W -tis) [mucus, mucus ; mka, colon; LTiq, inflamnjation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon. Mucocolpos (inu-ko-kol' -pos) [mucus, mucus ; KiiXTrof, vagina]. A collection of mucus in the vagina. Mucoderm (mu'-ko-derm) [mucus, mucus; Sipfia, skin]. The corium of a mucous membrane. Mucoenteritis [mu-ko-en-ter-i'-tis) [mucus, mucus; IvTspov, intestine ; inf , inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the intestine. Mucoglobulin (mu-ko-glob' -u-lin) [mucus, mucus ; globulus, a ball]. Any one of a certain group of protoplastic substances, of which plastin is an ex- ample. Mucoid {niu'-koid) [mucus, mucus; eWof, like]. Re- sembling mucus. MUCONIC ACID 789 MULDER'S ANGLE Muconic Acid (mu-kon'-ik) [mucus, mucus], CjHjOj. A crystalline acid obtained from mucic acid. Mucopeptone (inu-ko-pep' -tori) [mucus, mucus ; jriipi;, digestion], A form of peptone produced in gastric digestion when mucus is present together with certain albuminoids. Muco-purulent (mu-ko-pu' -ru-lent) [mucus, mucus ; puruUntus, purulent]. Containing mucus mingled with pus. Muco-pus (mu'-ko-pus) [mucus, mucus; pus, pus]. Mucus mingled with pus ; mucus containing many leukocytes. MucoT (mu'-kor) [L. , mold]. I. Moldiness j musti- ness. 2. Mucus. 3. A genus of fungi. M. asper- gillus, a species yielding dark-brown spores. M. corymbifer, found in the cerumen of the external auditory meatus. M. mucedo, the species that in- duces alcoholic fermentation. It is said to be found in the blood and sputa of patients suffering from mea- sles. M. vulgaris. Same as M. mucedo. Mucosa [mu-W -safC) [mucus, mucus]. The mucous membrane or its coriura. Mucose (mu'-koi). Synonym of Mucous. Mucoserous {mu-io-se'-rus) [mucus, mucus; serum, serum]. Both mucous and serous ; containing mucus and serum. Mucosin [mu'-ko-sin) [mucus, mucus]. An albuminoid substance derived from mucus — isomerous with kera- tin ; it is said by some to be simply mucin. Mucoso-saccharin {niu-ko' -so-sak' -ar-in) [mucosus, mucous ; saccharum, sugar] . An uncrystallizable sugar. Mucous [mu'-kus) [mucosus, from mucus, mucus]. Containing or having the nature of mucus. A term applied to those tissues that secrete mucus. M. Casts, a term given to the casts found in the feces in cases of Membranous Enteritis. See also Cylindroids . M. Catarrh, catarrhal inflammation of a mucous mem- brane. M. Disease, a synonym of entero-colitis, es- pecially in children. M. Fever. See Fever. M. Ligament. See Ligament. M. Membrane. See Membrane. M. Patch, a flattened, indurated, moist- ened surface, covered with a grayish- white exudation, occurring in syphilis, secondary or congenital, at pointS' where folds of skin come in contact. M. R^le, a soft, moist crackling heard over the lungs in certain diseased states. See Hales, Table of. M. Tissue, myxomatous tissue. Mucro [mu'-kro) [L., a sharp point, especially of a sword: //., Mucrones"]. In biology, an angular prominence, a tip, spine, point, or process, as the apex of a Chiton shell. MMcrona.te (mu' -kro-ndt) [mucronatus, ■pointeA']. Nar- rowed to a point. In biology, applied to a leaf that is abruptly tipped with a small, soft point. M. Car- tilage, the ensiform cartilage. Mucroniform {niu-kro' -nif-orm') [mucro, sharp point ; forma, form]. Shaped like a mucro. Mucronule (mu'-kro-nul) [dim. of mucro, a sharp point]. In biology, a small mucro, Muculent {tnu' -ku-lent') [mucus, mucus]. Rich in mucus. Mucuna {mu-ku'-nah) [Braz.]. A genus of legumin- ous herbs. M. pruriens, cowhage ; the hairs of the pods of the plant were formerly much used as a vermi- fuge for ascarides. It is very irritant to the intestinal mucous membrane, and applied to the skin excites intense itching, inflammation, and pustulation. It was administered in the form of an electuary, of which a teaspoonfu! or more was given , followed by a brisk purge. Unof. Mucus {»«K'-,4«i) [L.]. The viscid liquid secretion of mucous membranes, composed essentially of mucin holding in suspension desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, etc. Mud [ME., mud, mud]. Moist, soft earth. M.-bath. See Bath. M. -fever, in veterinary medicine, the scratches, q. v. Mudar [mu'-dar) [E. Ind.]. The root-bark of various Asiatic species of Calotropis [C. gigantea, C. procera, C. hajniltoni) ; it is alterative, tonic, diuretic, sudo- rific, and emetic. Unof. Mudarin (niu' -dar-in) [E. Ind., mudar']. A bitter principle from mudar ; it is said to be tonic, emetic, and alterative. Unof. Muga Silk. See Silk. Mugrela, Tincture of. A tincture of the seeds of Nigella sativa, formerly used as a carminative. Muguet [mu-gwa') [Fr.]. Thrush; aphtha; parasitic stomatitis. Mugwort {mug'-wert) [ME., mugworte, mugwort]. The leaves and tops of Artemisia vulgaris, having therapeutic properties similar to those of wormwood. See Absinthium. Dose of the fld. ext. n\,xx-2J. Unof. Miihlhauser's Method. See Sputum, Methods of Ex- amination. Mulatto [mu-lat'-o) [Sp., muleto ; dim. of muU, a mule]. The offspring of a negro mother and a white father, or a white mother and a negro father. The term is also loosely applied to other and all degrees of inter- mixture. According to the classification adopted and recognized in the French slave-colonies, the people of color were supposed to represent a whole of 128 parts white and 128 parts black. Nine different varieties of mixed race were recognized ; but between each of these there exist a vast number of intermediate shades and interblendings for which no classification was at- tempted, or could be made, even in theory : — Parts. White. Black. 8- 16 21- 32 I I 2-1 20 96-104 40- 48 80-88 56- 70 58-72 71- 76 104-112 116-120 32- 57 16- 24 8- 12 122-124 4- 6 125-127 I- 3 1. The sacratray nearest of all to the pure negro type, may be the result of 5 com- binations, and may have 2. The £-ry?>, result of 5 combinations, . . 3. Tbe ca^re, or marabou, result of 5 com- binations, 4. The mulatre (mulatto), result of 12 com- binations, 5. The quarteron (quadroon), result of 20 combinations 6. The metis, result of 6 combinations, . . 7. The mamelouc, result of 5 combinations, 8. The quarteronni, result of 4 combina- tions, 9. The sang^miU (lit. " mixed blood ")j the result of 4 combinations, y[.\3X}o^XTy {muV -ber-e) [ME., ww/i^fry, mulberry]. See Morus. M. Calculus, a large, rough urinary calculus of oxalate of lime. It often attains a considerable size, has a rough, irregular surface, and is of a dark color. It is very hard, and on section presents an angular structure, with dark-colored laminae, which are very compact, and are often marked with fine parallel lines. The nucleus most commonly consists of a mixture of urates, uric acid, and oxalate of lime. M. Mass. See Morula. M. Rash, the eruption of typhus fever. M. Rob. See J^ob. M. Tongue, See Strawberry Tongue. Mulder's Angle. See Angle. M/s Hypothesis or Theory, a theory concerning the origin of albumin- MULEY 790 MULTISEPTATE oids ; the theory published in 1838 by Mulder, that albuminous bodies are practically derivatives from one substance, termed by him protein ; but it was soon shown that this theory was erroneous, and it has been generally abandoned. Cf. Protein. M.'s Reagent, a reagent for the detection of sugar in the urine. It consists of carmin, indigo, and an alkaline solution. See Tests, Table of. Muley [mte'-le] [origin uncertain]. Hornless; applied to cattle. Muliebrity [mu-le-eb^-rit-e) \_niuliebritas ; mulier, woman]. Womanliness ; puberty in the female. Mullein (mul'-en). See Verbascum. Miiller, Canal of. See Duct. M., Duct of. See Duct. M.'s Fibers, the supporting fibers of the retina running transversely to its layers. See also Fiber. M.'s Fluid, a fluid used for hardening tissues. Its composition is as follows : Potassium bichromate, 2 to 2.5 parts; sodium sulphate, I part; water, lOO parts. It should be used in large quantities, renewed at the end of twelve hours, then every third day until the hardening is completed. Then wash well in water and preserve in alcohol. The color which the fluid imparts to tissues that have been preserved in it can be discharged by hydrate of chloral. M.'s Ganglia. See Ganglia, Table of. M.'s Larva, one of the free- swimming embryos of certain poly- clad flat-worms (Thysanozoon and Yungia). M.'s (Johannes] Law, the tissue of which a tumor is com- posed has its type in the tissues of the animal body, either in the adult or in the embryonic condition. M., Lid-muscle of, bundles of non-striped muscle forming the tarsal portion of the fibrous extensions of the tendon of the levator palpebrEe. M.'s Muscles. See Muscles, Table of. M.'s Net. See Net. M.'s Ring, the spurious internal os uteri. It marks the termination of the cervical raucous membrane. M.'s Ring-muscle, certain fibers of the ciliary muscle lying near the ciliary border, and abnormally developed in hyperopia. See Muscles, Table of. Miillerian Cyst. See Cyst. Mulley {mul'-e) (origin uncertain). A terra applied to cattle which are 4S'ri?'ed of horns. Cf. Muley. Mulomedicina (mu^lo-med-is-i' -naK) [inulus, mule ; medicina, medicine]. Veterinary medicine. Multi- [mul'-te-) \_pl. of multus, much] . A Latin pre- fix signifying many. Multiaxial [mul-te-aks'-e-al) [multus, m&ny;.. axis, an axis]. In biology, having several lines of growth. Multicapsular [mul-tik ap'-su-lar) [multus, many ; cap- sula, a little box]. In biology, composed of many capsules. Multicellular [mul-tis-el' -u-lar) [multus, many ; cellula, cell]. Many-celled. Multicornate (mul-tik-or' -nat) [multus, many ; cornua, horn]. Having many horns. Multicostate [tnul-tik-os'-tat) [multus, many ; costa, a rib]. In biology, having many ribs. Multicuspid, Multicuspidate [nml-tik-us'-pid, mul- tii-us'-pid-dt) [multus , Taa.ny; cuspis, a. point]. Hav- ing several cusps. M. Teeth, the molar teeth. Multidentate {inul-te-den' -tat') [multus, raany ; dens, a tooth]. A term applied in biology to parts armed with many teeth or toQth-like processes. Multidigitate [mul-te-dff -it-at) [multus, many ; digitus, a finger]. Having inan,y digits or digitate processes. Multiembryonate [mul-te-em'-bre-on-at] [multus, many; i///3pvov, embryo]. In biology, having several embryos. Multifetation (mul-tif-e-ta' -shun) [multus, many ; y«to^!o, fetation]. Pregnancy with more than one or two fetuses. Multiiid (mul' -tifld ) . Ste Afultifidus spines, \n Mtiscles, Table of Multiflagellate {mul-tif-laj'-el-at) [multus, many; flagellum, a whip]. In biology, having many flagella. Multiflorous (mul-tiflo'-rus) [multus, many; fos, a flower] . In biology, bearing many flowers. Multifoliate (niul-tifo' -le-at) [multus, many ; folium, a leaf]. In biology, bearing many leaves. Multiform (mul'-tiform). Same as Polymorphous. Multiganglionate [vtul-te-gang'-le-on-at]' [multus, raany; ganglion, ganglion]. Having many ganglia. Multigravida [mul-tig-rav'-id-ah) [multus, many; gravidus, pregnant]. A pregnant woman who has passed through one or more pregnancies. Multigyrate (mul-te-ji' -rat) [multus, many ; gyrus, a. gyre]. Having many gyres, as the brain. Multilaminate [mul-til-am'-in-at) [multus, many; lamina, a thin layer]. Having many laminae. Multilobate (mul-te-lo' -bat) [multus, many ; %op6^, a lobe]. Composed of many lobes. Multilobular [mul-te-lob' -u-lar) [multus, many ; lobus, a lobe]. Many-lobed. Multilocular (mul-te-lok' -u-lar) [multus, many ; loculus, a locule or cell]. Many-celled ; polycystic. Multimammes \mul-tim-am' -ez). Same as Polymas- tia. Multinervate [mul-tin-ur^ -vat) [multus, many ; nerva, nerve]. I. Having many nerves. 2. Same as Mul- ticostate. Multinuclear [mul-tin-u' -kle-ar) [multus, many ; nu- cleus, kernel]. Having several or many nuclei. Multiovulate [mul-te-o' -vu-lat) [multus, many ; ovulum, an ovule]. In biology, bearing many ovules. Multipara [mul-tip' -ar-ah) [multus, many; parere, to bring forth] . One bearing several offspring at a birth ; more commonly, a gravid woman wlio has already borne one or more children. Multiparient (mitl-iip-a' -re-ent) [multus ,ma.ny ; parere, to bring forth]. Giving birth to several young. Multiparity {mul-tip-ar' -it-e) [multus, many; parere, to bring forth]. The condition, state, or fact of being multiparous. Multiparous (mul-tip' -ar-us) [multus, many ; parere, to bring forth] . Relating to a multipara. Multipartite {mul-tip-ar' -tit) [multus, many ; partire, to divide]. In biology, composed of many parts, as leaves. Multipede {mul' -tip-id) [multus, many ; pes, a foot] . In biology, having many feet. Multipetalous {mul-tip-ef -al-us). Same as Polypeta- lous. Multiple {mul'-tip-l) [multiplus, manifold]. Having many parts or relations. M. Fetation, the presence of two or more fetuses in the uterus. M. Gestation. Same as M. Fetation. M. Neuritis. See Neuritis. M. Pregnancy. Same as M. Fetation. M. Sclero- sis. See Sclerosis. M. Staining, the staining of tissues with more than one staining-agent. Multiplicator, Multiplier {mul'-tip-lik-a-tor, mul'-tip- li-er) [multiplicare, to multiply]. An instrument for detecting an electric current and for measuring its strength. Multipolar {mul-iip-o' -lar) [multus, many ; polus, a pole]. Having more than one pole ; applied also to nerve-cells having more than one process. Multiradiate {mul-te-ra' -de-at) [multus, many ; radius, a ray]. In biology, having many rays. Multisect {mul' -tis-ekt) [multus, raany; secare, to cut]. In biology, divided into raany sections. Multiseptate {mul-tis-ip' -tat) [multus, many ; scepire, to fence in]. In biology, having raany partitions; multilocular. MULTISTAMINATE 791 MURMUR Multistaminate (mul-tis-tatn' -in-at) \_multus, many ; stamen, stamen]. In biology, bearing many stamens, Multisulcate (mul-tis-ul' -kaf) \multus, many ; sulcus, a furrow]. Having many sulci, as the brain. Multituberculate [mul-te-tu-ber' -ku-lat) [multus, mapy; tuberculum, a.i\>bsrc\e]. Having many tuber- cles. Multivalent [mul-tiv' -al-ent) [nvultus, many ; valere, to be worth]. In chemistry, combining with more than two atoms of a univalent element. Multivorous {mul-tiv' -o-rus) [multus, many ; vorare, to devour]. Voracious. Mumble (mum'-bl) [WE.,momelen, to mumble]. To speak in a low, inarticulate manner. Mumbo-jumbo (mum'-bo-jum'-bd). See Jumbai Bean. Mummification (mum-if-ik-a'-shun). See Gangrene, Dry. Mummified (mum'-if-ld) [fioiifua, mummy ; facere, to make]. Dried, like a mummy. M. Pulp, the condi- tion of the dental pulp when it is affected by dry gangnefte. Mummy (mum'-e) [/Mii/iia, mummy]. An embalmed body, especially a body embalmed after the Egyptian process. Mumps [D., mompen, to mumble]. Idiopathic parotiditis ; an acute infectious disease of chil- dren, between the ages of five and fifteen, character- ized by swelling of the parotid and other salivary glands, running a definite course, and generally termin- ating in recovery. The period of invasion is less than twenty-four hours, and the left parotid is usually first involved. When the disease occurs at or near puberty there is often a metastasis to the testes, or to the ovaries or mammae in the female ; rarely atrophy of the testis follows. The disease is most common in males and in the spring of the year. See Parotiditis. Mundificant {mun-dif'-ik-ant), Mundificative [mun- dif -ik-at-iv) \mundus, cXe&n; facere, to make]. I. Having the power to cleanse, purge, or heal. 2. A cleansing or healing agent. Mungeet [mun-glt'). See Pigments, Conspectus of. Mungo {mung'-go). See Shoddy. Munich {ma'-nik) [Ger.]. "ITie capital of Bavaria. M. -Frankfort Angle, in craniometry, the facial angle having for its base a line joining the lower border of the orbit and the upper border of the external auditory meatus, and for its facial line one tangent to the most prominent portion of the alveolar border of the inferior maxilla. M. Plane. See Plane. Munjeet [mun-jet'). Same as Mungeet. Munjistin {mun-jis' -tin) [Hind., manjit, a drug used for dyeing red], CgH^O,. A coloring-substance ob- tained from Rubia munjista. It is nearly related in composition to purpurin and alizarin. Munk's Visual Center. In the dog, the lateral convex portion of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. Mural (mu'-ral) \inurus, wall]. Pertaining to a wall. M. Gestation, M. Pregnancy, pregnancy in the uterine extremity of a Fallopian tube. Mures articulorum {mu'-rlz ar-tik-u-lo' -rum). See Corpora libera articulorum. Murexan (mu-reks' -an) [niurex, the purple-fish], C^H^NjOs. A substance identical with dialuramid, derived from murexid. Murexid {mu-reks' -id) [murex,&.e purple-fish], CgHg- NgOj + H^O. The ammonium salt of purpuric acid, used as a dye-stuff. It occurs in four-sided plates or prisms of a gold-green color. It dissolves in water with a purple-red color, but is insoluble in alcohol and ether. Upon the production of this substance depends the murexid test. See Tests, Table of, and Pigments, Conspectus of. Murexoin {mu-reks' -o-in [murex, the purple-fish], CjjHjgNgOg. A derivative of amalic acid, obtained by treating the acid with water and ammonia. Muriate {mu'-re-at)\inuria, brine]. An old name for a chlorid. Muriated {mu'-re-a-ted) \niuria, brine]. Contain- ing chlorin or a chlorid. M. Tincture of Iron, tinc- tura ferri chloridi. See Ferrum. Muriatic {mu-re-af -ik) [muria, brine]. Pertaining to sea-salt. M. Acid. See Acid, Hydrochloric. Muricate [mu'-rik-at) [inuricatus, pointed]. In biol- ogy, roughened with short rigid excrescences, spines, or prickles. Muricatohisped (mu-rik-at-o-his'-pid) [muricatus, pointed ; hispidus, hispid]. In biology, covered with rigid hairs or bristles. Muriform {mu'-riform) [ttiurus, wall ; forma, shape]. In biology, wall-like ; resembling courses of bricks in a wall. M . Body. Same as Morula. Murmur [mer'-mer) [L., a murmur]. A mimetic name for the sounds heard on auscultatibn, and caused by the friction of moving currents or gliding surfaces in the orga:ns of circulation and respira- tion. See Bruit. M., Accidental. See M., Hemic. M., Anemic. See M., Hemic. M., Aneurysmal, the aneurysmal bruit. See Bruit. M., Aortic, one generated at the aortic orifice of the heart. M., Arterial, the sound made by the arterial current. M. aurium. Synonym of Tinnitus aurium. M., Bel- lows, the bruit de souffiet, heard in cardiac hypertro- phy and in mitral insufficiency. M., Blood. See M., Hemic. M., Brain, a systolic sound heard over the anterior fontanel, especially in young rickety children. M., Cardiac, any one of those adventitious sounds produced by the abnormal passage of blood through the cavities and orifices of the heart or by perverted cardiac action. The names given to these murmurs correspond with the period of the cardiac cycle in which they oc- cur. A murmur that occurs in the period of auricular systole, is termed presystolic or auricular systolic ; one that occurs in the period of ventricular systole, systolic ; one that occurs during the diastole of the -ventricles, diastolic ; and should the murmur immediately follow the first or second sound, post-systolic or post-diastolic respectively. In relation to their seat of generation, cardiac murmurs are designated mitral, aortic, tri- cuspid, and pulmonary. All murmurs should be timed by the carotid pulse, not by their relation to the apex- beat. Murmurs are most frequently caused by some change in one of the cardiac valves or orifices, allowing of a reflux of the blood, or obstructing its onward pro- gress. A table of organic endocardial murmurs is ap- pended. M., Cardio-pulmonary, an abnormal sound produced outside of the heart, but closely resembling one due to organic valve-disease. Such murmurs are of frequent occurrence, and may be due to displace- ment of, or pressure upon, the heart, effusion into the pleural cavity, changes in the pleura of the precordial area, changes in the lung overlying the heart, or changes in the .pericardium. M., Cephalic, a murmur heard at different parts of the scalp in anemia ; it is prob- ably venous in origin. M., Diastolic, a murmur oc- curring during the diastole of the heart. M., Direct, a murmur produced by obstruction to the blood-ciir- rent as it is passing in its normal direction. M., Duroziez's, the double murmur sometimes heard in the femoral artery in aortic regurgitation. See also Signs and Symptoms, Table of. M., Dynamic, one resulting from tumultuous and irregular action of the heart. M,, Endocardial, a murmur produced within the cavities of the heart. M., Exocardiac, a murmur connected with the heart, but occurring outside of its MURMUR 792 MURMUR TABLE OF ORGANIC ENDOCARDIAL MURMURS. Name, in Order OF Frequency. Time. Site of Maximum Intensity. Line of Conduc- tion. Direct or Indi- rect. Basic OB Apical. Lesion. Quality. Mitral regurgitant. Systolic. Center of mitral area, above and to left of apex. At sixth rib oppo- site apex, a line drawn from the anterior fold of axilla to lower an- gle of left scapula. Indirect mitral. Apical. Mitral insuffi- ciency or in- competence. Variable ; usually soft, blowing, bel- lows; may be dis- tinctly musical. Aortic obstructive. Systolic. Mid-sternum or to right of it, oppo- site third rib or second inter- space. Toward top of ster- num, and along aorta and its large branches. Direct aortic. Basic. Aortic obstruc- tion or con- striction. Usually loud and harsh. Harsh- ness is one of its distinguishing characteristics. Aortic regurgitant. Diastolic. Mid-sternum oppo- site upper border of cartilage of third rib. Down sternum to ensiform cartil- age. Indirect aortic. Basic. Aortic insuffi- ciency or in- competence. Soft, blowing, sometimes rough, frequently musi- cal. It has the greatest area of diffusion of all the cardiac mur- murs. Mitral obstructive. Presystolic. Over mitral area around the apex. Usually not trans- mitted. Direct mitral. Apical. Mitral obstruc- tion or con- striction. Generally low- pitched, rough, churning, grind- ing, or blubber- ing. Subject to great variation of pitch and quality. Tricuspid regurgi- tant. Systolic. Mid-sternum just above the ensi- form cartilage. Toward the epi- gastrium. Indirect tricuspid. Apical. Tricuspid i n- sufficiency or i n CO mpe- tence. Low-pitched, su- perficial, blowing, soft, faint. Tricuspid obstruc- tive. Presystolic. Mid-sternum oppo- site the cartilage of fourth rib. Not transmitted. Direct tricuspid. Apical. Tricuspid ob- struction or constriction. Undetermined. Pulmonary ob- structive. Systolic. Second interspace to the left of ster- num or at the level of third rib. Upward a short distance and to left of sternum, stopping ab- ruptly. Direct pulmon- ary. Basic. Pulmonary ob- struction or constriction. Often harsh and audible over the whole precordia ; may be very faint ; at times bellows. Pulmonary regur- gitant. Diastolic. Second left inter- space. Down left edge of sternum to ensi- form cartilage. Indirect pulmon- ary. Basic. Pulmonary in- sufficiency or incompe- tence. Soft and blowing. cavities, as the pericardial friction-sounds. M., False. See M., Cardio-pulmonary . M., Flint's, a murmur occasionally heard at the apex in aortic regurgitation. It is sometimes presystolic in time and is probably due to the fact that on account of the extreme ventricular dilatation the valves cannot be forced back against the walls and produce a relative narrowing of the auriculo- ventricular orifice. See also Signs and Symptoms, Table of. M., Friction, a murmur or sound produced by the rubbing of two inflamed serous surfaces upon each other. M., Functional, a cardiac murmur occurring from excited action of the heart, without any structural change in the valves or orifices. M., Funic. See Souffle , Funic . M., Heart, an abnormal sound pro- duced within the heart or on its surface. M., Hemic, a sound believed to be due to changes in the quality or amount of the blood, And not to lesions of the vessels or valves. M., Indirect, one produced by the blood flowing in a direction contrary to the normal current. M., Inorganic, amurmur not due to valvular lesions; a hemic or a functional murmur. M., Metadias- tolic. See M. , Posl-diasfnlic. M., Metallic, amurmur sometimes heard in pneumo-pericardium, and having a metallic quality. M., Mitral, a murmur produced at the mitral orifice. M., Musical, a heart-murmur having a musical quality. M., New Leather. See Bruit de cuir neuf. M „ Organic, a murmur due to structural changes in the heart. M., Pericardial, a friction-sound produced by the rubbing of the pericar- dial surfaces upon each other. M., Placental. See Souffle, Uterine. M., Post-diastolic, a murmur heard immediately after the second sound of the heart. M., Pressure, usually a vascular murmur and due to com- pression of the vessel, as with the stethoscope. M., Presystolic, a. murmur heard at the end of the dias- tolic pause, just before the first sound. It is the com- mon murmur of mitral stenosis. M., Pulmonary, a murmur produced at the pulmonary valve. M., Rasp- ing, a rough murmur. M., Reduplicated, a redupli- cation of the first or second heart-sound, due usually to an asynchronous action of the two sides of the heart. It occurs in conditions of increased resistance in the systemic or pulmonary circulation — as in chronic neph- ritis and in emphysema. It is quite frequent in mitral stenosis and in pericarditis. M., Respiratory, the sounds resulting from the passage of the air through the bronchial apparatus during inspiration and ex- piration. M., Sawing, a long, harsh heart-mur- mur. M., Scapular, the systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation transmitted to the angle of the left MURPHY'S BUTTON 793 MUSCLE scapula. M., Subclavian, a murmur heard over the subclavian arteries ; it is not uncommon in pul- monary tuberculosis, M., Systolic, a murmur heard during the systole of the heart. M ., Tracheal, a coarse respiratory murmur heard over the trachea. M., Tri- cuspid, a murmur produced at the tricuspid valve. M., Uterine, M., Utero-placental. See Souffle, Uterine. M., Valvular, a heart-murmur due to some change in a valve. M., Vascular, a hemic murmur heard in the blood-vessels. M., Venous, the hum heard in the veins of the neck, especially in anemia. See Bi-uit de diable. M., Vesicular. See Vesicular. Murphy's Button. A mechanical device for coap- tating the visceral surfaces in the performance of cir- cular enterorrhaphy, as well as the various intestinal an- astomoses. It consists of two brass buttons or plates, each with a peripheral collar and a central hollow stem, the hollow stem of one being slightly smaller than the other, so that it will readly slip within. These buttons may be of various sizes, from three-quarters to one and a quarter inches in diameter, and with central openings of from one-quarter to one-half an inch. In making an anastomosis or enterorrhaphy, a puckering or retaining suture is passed through all the coats around each opening, and after the shoulder of half the button is pushed through each of the openings the suture is drawn taut, so as to prevent the viscus receding from the button. Then the operation is com- pleted by pressing the two halves together, a device on the smaller stem retaining the buttons in apposition. In a few days the buttons will be liberated by pressure- necrosis and carried down the intestinal canal by the natural peristalsis. M.'s Method. See Operations, Table of. Murr, Murrain (mur, mur'-ari) [ME., murrin,rauT- rain]. Any fatal epizootic disease of cattle and sheep ; also a synonym of foot-and-mouth disease. Murray's Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of. Murraya [mur' -a-ah) [after J. A. Murray, a Swedish botanist]. A genus of dicotyledonous trees. M. exotica, Chinese box, yields a perfume and a bitter extract, murrayin. Murrayetin {niur-a-ef -in) [after J. A. Murray, a Swedish botanist], Ci^HjjOj + ^HjO. A gluco- , sid obtained from murrayin by the action of dilute acids. Murrayin (mur'-a-in) [after J. A. Murray, a Swedish botanist], CigHj^Oij. A glucosid obtained from Murraya exotica. Murure [mu-ru-ra') [Braz.]. The name given by the natives to a Brazilian tree, the botanic source of which is unknown. The bark presents a brick-red color, with darker patches on the outer surface ; internally it is fibrous, grayish and rather hard. Upon incision a red- dish, syrupy liquid exudes, which is of acid reaction, i-ioo density, and is called Vegetable mercury . Physi- ologic investigations show the liquid to be poisonous, injections of the neutralized juice having caused death in various animals. Musa (mu'-zah) [Ar., miize, banana]. A genus of monocotyledonous plants. M. paradisiaca, the plantain, q. v. M. sapientum, the banana, q. v. Musca (mus'-kah) [fivla, a fly]. A genus of flies. M. hispaniola. See Cantharis. Muscae (ot«j'-/5^) [L.]. YimaS. oi Musca. M., Ento- hyaloid. See M. volitantes. M. volitantes [Fr., Mouches volantes'], floating spots, or imperfections in the field of vision due to shadows of vitreous cells. Muscardine {mus'-kahr-din) [Fr., a pecuhar fungus]. See Muskardine. Muscariform [mus-kar' -if-orm) {muscarium, fly-brush ; musca, a fly ; forma, form]. In biology, brush-shaped. Muscarin {mus' -kar-in) \_muscariurn, a fly-brush], CjHijNOj. An oxycholin found in fly agaric. It is formed by oxidizing cholin with HNO,. It is a pow- erful respiratory and cardiac depressant, producing myosis, intestinal spasm, dyspnea, and death. Its action may be antagonized by subsequent injection of atropin. See also Pigments, Conspectus of. M. nitras. Dose gr. -j J^ hypodermatically. Unof. Muscle [thus' -I) \niusculus, a muscle]. An aggrega- tion of tissues, of which muscular tissue is the most important, having the property of contracting and of returning to its original shape. Muscles provide the means of movement in animals, and are of two kinds, the striped and smooth, striated and unstriated, the first being voluntary, the second involuntary, i. e., not as a rule subject to the will. See 7a^/f of Muscles, p. 795. M. of Accommo- dation, the ciliary muscle. Ms. of Animal Life, Striped, Striated or Voluntary Ms., those under the control of the will ; they are composed of fas- ciculi of fiibers enclosed in a delicate tissue called the internal perimysium. M. -beater, in massage, an instrument used for flagellation. See Percus- sion. M. -bundle, a group of muscle-fibers enclosed in an investing membrane. M., Cardiac, the mus- cular substance of the heart. M.-case, a mem- branous sac enclosing one of the muscle-compart- ments of a fiber of muscular tissue. M. -casket, a muscle-compartment. M.-cell. See Myocyte. M., Circular, a muscle surrounding circular openings ; a sphincter. M.-clot, the clot formed in the coagulation of muscle-plasm. M. -column, a bundle of muscular fibrils in a muscle-fiber. M. -com- ma. See Myoc'omma. M. -compartment, one of the divisions of a muscle-fiber produced by the ex- tension of Krause's membrane from the sarcolemma. M. -corpuscle, a muscle-nucleus. M. -curve, the tracing of a myograph. M., Demipenniform, a muscle with a tendinous portion extending throughout the whole length of its free margin. M.-disc, one of the superimposed discs of a muscle-prism. The same parts were designated by Rollet ' ' chief sub- stance discs." M. -enzyme, a ferment existing in the muscles, retaining its activity until heated to 100° F. It is not identical with fibrin-ferment. Ms., Extrinsic (of the eye), the recti, oblique, levator palpebrse, and orbicularis palpebrarum muscles. Ms., Extrinsic (of the larynx), the omo-hyoid and sterno-hyoid, the sterno-thyroid, superior, inferior and middle constrictors of the pharynx, the supra- hyoid. M., Extrinsic (of the tongue), the hyo- glossus, chondro-glossus, genio-hyo-glossus, palato- glossus, and stylo-glossus, and part of the superior pharyngeal constrictor. M. -ferment. See M.- enzyme. M., Fusiform, a spindle-shaped muscle with a large belly and a narrow origin and insertion. Ms., Hamstring, a name given to the biceps, semi-mem- branosus, and semi-tendinosus muscles. M., Heart, occupies an intermediate position between the spindle- shaped, non-striated involuntary cell and the striped voluntary fiber. It has no sarcolemma, its striae are fainter, the muscle-nuclei are situated within the sar- cous substance, and the contractile fibrillae are peculiarly disposed. The peripheral fibrillae are arranged in a ra- diating manner, the central portion being occupied by prismatic bundles of fibrillae, nuclei, and sarcoplasm. Cardiac muscle-fibers differ in yet another point from ordinary striped muscular tissue— they branch and an- astomose with each other. M ., Hollow, that surround- ing a cavity. M., Inflected, one that passes over a pulley. M., Intrinsic, a muscle confined to a part or organ. M., Involuntary, one not under the control MUSCLE 794 MUSCOID of the will, as the non-striated muscles. They vary from 75-225 « in length, and from 4-8 // in width. The cells are surrounded by a delicate hyaline sheath, and possess a rod-shaped nucleus. See M., Un- striped. M. -juice. ^3.rae.as, M.-plasma. Ms. of Mas- tication, the masseters, temporals, and external and internal pterygoid muscles. M., Non-striated, one composed of spindle-shaped involuntary muscle-libers. M. -nucleus, the nucleus of a muscle-fiber. M., Organic. See Involuntary. Ms. of Organic Life, Unstriped or Involuntary Ms., those composed of spindle-shaped, contractile fibers and nucleated cells collected in bundles. A table arranged alphabet- ically is appended, showing the principal muscles of the human body, with their origin, insertion, innerva- tion, and function. M., Papillary, the muscular emi- nences in the ventricles of the heart, from which the chordae tendineae arise. M., Pennate, M., Penni- form, a muscle with a central axis, from which the fibers radiate on each side. M., Perforated (of Cos- ierius). See M., Coraco-brachialis , in Table. M., Peripenial, a layer of involuntary muscle beneath the skin of the penis; M. -plasma, a liquid obtained from A. Striped muscle of frog, sarcolemma raised in the form of a Web. B. Ruptured fiber with sarcolemma. C. Fiber rup- tured by a hair. D. Effect of acetic acid on a muscle fiber. E. Muscle-discs, {^tirling.) fresh muscle by expression, preferably after freezing. Its coagulation is the essential condition of rigor mortis, and is comparable to the coagulation of blood. The solid proteid thus separated is called myosin. Two of its proteids, paramyosinogen and myosinogen, go to form the clot, while the other three, myoglobulin, al- bumin, and myoalbuminose, remain in the muscle- serum. M. -plate. See Myocomma, and Myotome. M. -prism, a muscle-rod. M. -reading, the detection of a person's thoughts and emotions by the in- voluntary action of his muscles. Ms. of Respiration, those involved in the ordinary processes of breathing. Those concerned in inspiration are the diaphragm, the intercostals and the long and short elevators. Other muscles, including the trapezius, scaleni and pectoralis minor, are brought into play during forced inspiration. Ordinary expiration is non-muscular, the act being a purely passive one ; forced expiration, however, brings into play most of the abdominal muscles. M.-rod, one of the ultimate divisions of the dim band of a muscle-compartment. M. -serum, the liquid residue left after the separation of the clot by coagulation of muscle-plasma. M., Skeletal, any one of those muscles attached to and acting on the skeleton. M,-sound, the sound produced by the Isolated Smooth Muscular Fibers. Nitric acid. X 300. (Stirling^ contraction of a muscle. M. -spindle, structures described by Kiihne and considered by Kirschner as special sensory nerve- endings, and by KoUiker to be transient developmental structures connected with the cleavage of the muscle-fibers (Piersol). M., Stalk, a differentiation of the ectoplasm of the Vorticella, which, in contracting, rolls the stalk up spirally. M., Striated, a muscle constituted of striped muscle-fibers. M., Striped. Saxae as, M., Striated. M. -sugar. See Inosite. M., Tailor's. Synonym of the sartorius mus- cle. See Table. M.-telegraph, an apparatus arranged by DuBois-Reymond especially for replacing the myo- graph in experiments during lectures. The muscle is Muscular Fibers of the Human Heart. {Stirling.) fixed in a vise ; its other end is connected by a hook with a thread running over a reel. The reel supports a long indicating hand to which a colored disc is at- tached. The muscle, in shortening, turns the wheel and lifts the disc, which is easily seen from a consid- erable distance. A second thread, slung over the reel, supports a brass vessel, which may be filled with shot, so as to apply any desired weight to the muscle. M. -tumor, a myoma, q. u. M., Unstriated, M., Unstriped. See M. , Non-striated. M., Visceral, any one of the muscles connected with the viscera ; they are not under the command of the will. M., Voluntary. See M., Striped. Muscoid [mus'-koid) [?nuscus, moss; elSof, like]. Moss-like. MUSCLES 795 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES (Arranged Alphabetically). Name. Origin. Insertion. Innervation. Function. Abductor hallucis. Outer head of os calcis, plan- tar fascia, intermuscular septum ; inner head, in- ternal annular ligament, and tendon of tibialis posticus. ^ Inner portion of lower surface of base of great toe and inner side of internal sesamoid bone. Interna] plantar divi- s i n of posterior tibial nerve. Flexes and abducts first phalanx of great toe. Abductor longus polli- cis. See Extensor ossis meta- carpi pollicis. Abductor minimi digit! manus. Pisiform bone. First phalanx of the little finger. Ulnar. Abducts little finger. Abductor minimi digiti pedis. Outer tuberosity of the os calcis and plantar fascia. First phalanx of the little toe. External plantar. Abducts little toe. Abductor ossis metatar- si quinti. Outer tubercle of calca- neum. Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal bone. External plantar. Abducts little toe. Abductor poll icis manus. Trapezium, scaphoid, an- . tUilar ligament, palmar fascia. First phalanx of thumb. Median. Abducts and flexes first phalanx of thumb. Abductor poUicis pedis. Inner tuberosity of the os calcis. First phalanx of great toe. Internal plantar. Abducts great toe. Accelerator urinae. Central tendon of peri- neum and median raphe. Bulb, spongy and cav- ernous parts of penis. Perineal. Ejects urine. Accessorius ad accesso- rium. See Flexor accessorius longus digitorum pedis. Accessorius ad flexorura profundum. Internal condyle and coro- noid process of humerus Into the perforating ten- dons of the flexor pro- funda. Ulnar and anterior in- terosseous. Assists in flexing fingers. Accessorius orbicularis inferioris. Inferior maxilla, external to levator labii inferioris. At angle of mouth, join- ing buccinator and other muscles. Accessorius orbicularis superioris. Alveolar border of supe- rior maxilla opposite incisor teeth. Angle of mouth ; con- tinuous with other muscles inserted at this point. Accessorius tricipites. See Dorso-epitrochlearis. Accessory a b d o m i n al oblique. Between the two oblique mMSclesfromthegth, loth, or nth rib.. Crest of ilium. Intercostal, ilio-hypo- gastric, ilio-ingumal. Assists in flexing thorax. Accessory gluteus mini- mus. Outer surface of the ilium. Anterior border of the great trochanter. Superior gluteal. Assists gluteus minimus. Accessory to the ilio- costal. Angles of 7th to nth ribs and back of last rib. Transverse process of 7th cervical vertebra, tubercle of ist rib. An- gles of 2d to 5th ribs. External branches of posterior divisions of lumbar nerves. Extension of lumbar spines on pelvis. Accessory palmar ab- ductor indicis (anoma- lous). Third metacarpal bone. Base of first phalanx of index finger. Accessory popliteus (an- omalous). Usually from a sesamoid bone on the posterior surface of lower end of femur. With the popliteus. Internal popliteal. Assists in flexing leg. Adductor brevis. Ramus of pubes. Upper part of the linea aspera of femur. Obturator. Adducts, rotates exter- nally, and flexes thigh. Adductor hallucis. Tarsal ends of the three middle metatarsal bones. Base of the first phalanx of great toe. External plantar. Adducts great toe. Adductor longus. Front of pubes. Middle of linea aspera of femur. Obturator. Adducts, rotates out- ward, and flexes thigh. Adductor magnus. Rami of pubes and ischi- um. All of the linea aspera of femur. Obturator and great sciatic. Adducts thigh and ro- tates it outward. Adductor minimus. A name given to the upper portion of the adductor magnus. Adductor pollicis. Third metacarpal. First phalanx of thumb. Ulnar. Draws thumb to median line. MUSCLES 796 MUSCLES. MUSCLES Muscles of Supra-hyoid and Infra-hyoid Regions. Posterior belly of digastric. 2. Stylo-hyoid. Anterior Muscles of the Face and Neck. :. Frontal muscle. 2. Occipital muscle. 3, 3. Epicranial apo- neurosis. 4. Temporal muscle. 5. Retrahens aurem. 6. Orbicularis palpebrarum. 7. Levator labii superioris et alaeque nasi. 8. Dilator naris. 9. Compressor naris. ^'. Pyramidalis nasi. 10. Zygomatic minor. 11. Zygomatic major. 12. Masseter. 13. Levator anguli oris. 14. Levator labii superioris. 15. Orbicularis oris. 16. Buccinator. 16' Depressor anguli oris. 17. Depressor labii inferioris. 18. Levator labii inferioris. 19. Sterno-mastoid. 20. Trapezius. 21. Digastric and stylo-hyoid. 22. Anterior belly of digas- tric. 23. Pulley for tendon of digastric. 24,24. Omo-hyoid, 25. Sterno-hj^oid. 26. Thyro-hyoid. 27. Mylo-hyoid. Splenlus capitis. 29. Splenius colli. 30. Levator anguli scapulae. 31. Scalenus posticus. 32. Scalenus anticus. belly of digastric. 4. Tendon and pullev of digastric. 5. Anterior belly of right digastric. 6. Mylo-hyoid. 7. Hyo- glossus. 8. Sternal fibers of right sterno-mastoid. 9. Sternal fibers of left sterno-mastoid. 10. Sterno-hyoid 11. Tendon of omo-hyoid. 12. Thyro-hyoid. 13. Sterno-thvroid. 14. In- ferior constrictor of pharynx. 15. Trachea. 16. Esophagus. 17. Rectus capitis anticus major. 18. Longus colli. 19. Scalenus anticus. 20, 20. Scalenus posticus. 21, 21. Leva- tor anguli scapulse. 22. Splenius capitis. 23, 23. Splenius colli. 24. Trapezius. 25. Attachment of sterno-mastoid. 26. Retrahens aurem. 27. Occipital portion of occipito- frontal. 28. Deltoid, 29. Attachment of pectorales majores to sternum. 30. External intercostal. 31. Internal inter- costal. MUSCLKS OF the EyE. 1 Tendon of Zinn, 2. External rectus divided. 3. Internal rectus. 4. Inferior rectus. 5. Superior rectus. 6. Superior oblique. 7. Pulley for superior oblique. 8. Inferior oblique. 9. Levator palpebrse superioris 10, 10. Us anterior expan- sion. II. Optic nerve. Muscles of the Tongue. Superficial Layer. I. Stylo-glossus. 2. Inferior fibers of stvlo-glossus. 3. Ante- rior fibers of hyo-glossus or basio-glossu's. 4. Posteri&r fibers. 5. Accessory fibers. 6. Genio-hyold. 7. Genio-glossus. 8. Inferior lingual. 9. Palato-glnssus. 10. Upper portion of Pharyngo-glossus (from superior constrictor of pharynx). II, II. Inferior portion. 12, 12. Middle constrictor of pha- rynx 13. St>-lo-pharyngeus. 14. Stylo-hyoid ligament and stylo-hyoid muscle. MUSCLES 797 MUSCLES TABLE OF MVSCl.ES.— Continued. Name. Origin. Insertion. Innervation. Function. Adductor quadratus. See Adductor minimus. Adjutor splenii. See Rhombo-atloid. Agitator caudse. A name given to tlie lower edge of the gluteus maxi- mus. The femur or femoral aponeurosis. Amygdalo-glossus. Pharyngeal aponeurosis covering the outer sur- face of the tonsil. Continuous with the palato-glossus. Aids the stylo-glossus in raising the margin of the tongue, rendering the dorsum concave. Anconeus. Back of external condyle of humerus. Olecranon process and shaft of ulna. Musculo-spiral. Extends forearm. Antitragicus. Outer surface of antitra- gus. Caudate process. Temporal and poste- rior auricular. Arrectores pili. Pars papillaris of the skin. Hair-follicles. Sympathetic. Elevate the hairs of the skin. A r y t en o-epiglottideus inferioris. Arytenoid (anteriorly). Epiglottis. Recurrent laryngeal. Compresses saccule of larynx. A r y t e n o-epiglottideus superioris. Apex of arytenoid car- tilage. Aryteno - epiglottidean folds. Recurrent laryngeal. Constricts aperture of larynx. Arytenoideus. Posterior and outer border of one arytenoid. Back of other arytenoid. Superior and recur- rent laryngeal. Closes back part of glot- tis. AttoUens aurem. . Occipito-frontalis aponeu- rosis. Pinna. Temporal branch of facial. Elevates pinna. Attrahens aurem. Lateral cranial aponeuro- sis. Helix. Facial. Advances pinna. Azygos pharyngis {occa- sional). «4 Pharyngeal tubercle of body of occiput. Raphe of pharynx. G 1 s s - pharyngeal, pharyngeal plexus. Blends with superior constrictor. Azygos uvulse. Posterior nasal spine of palate bone. Uvula. Facial through spheno- palatine ganglion. Raises uvula. Basio-glossus. The fibers of the hyo-glos- sus arising from the hyoid bone. See Hyo- glossus. Biceps. I. Long — Glenoid cavity. 2. Short — Coracoid pro- cess. Tuberosity of radius. Musculo-cutaneous. Flexes and supinates forearm. Biceps femoris. I. Ischial tuberosity. 2. Linea aspera. Head of fibula and outer tuberosity of head of fibula. Great sciatic and ex- ternal popliteal. Flexes and rotates leg outward. Biventer cervicis. Transverse processes, 2-4 upper dorsal. Superior curved line of occipital bone. Portion of complexus. Retracts and rotates head. Bowman's. See Ciliary. Brachialis anticus. Lower half of the shaft; of humerus. Coronoid process of ulna. Musculo-c utaneous, musculo-spiral. Flexes forearm. Bracliio-capsularis. See Subscapularis. Brachio-radialis. See Supinator longus. Bruclce's. See Ciliary. Buccinator. Alveolar process of max- illary bones and pterygo- maxillary ligament. Orbicularis oris. Facial, buccal branch. Compresses cheeks, re- tracts angle of mouth. Bulbo-cavernous. See Accelerator urines. Ceplialo-humeral. See Cleido-occipital. Ceplialo-pharyngeus. See Constrictor of pharynx^ superior.. Cervicalis ascendens. Angles of 5 upper ribs. Transverse processes of 4th, 5th, and 6th cer- vical vertebrae. Branches of cervical. Keeps head erect. Cliondro-coracoid {an- omalous). First costal cartilage. Coracoid process, super- ficial to the coraco- brachialis. MUSCLES 798 MUSCLES The Sterno-cleido-mastoid Muscle. Muscles of the SUPRA-HYOID AND INFRA-HYOID REGIONS. 1. Anterior belly of digastric. 2. Posterior belly. 3. Tendon and pulley for tendon. 4. Stylo-hyoid. 5. Mylo-hyoid. 6. Hyo-glossus. 7. Sterno-cleido-mastoid. 8. Anterior or sternal portion. 9. Posterior or clavicular portion. 10. Left sterno-hyoid. 11. Right sterno-hyoid. 12, 12. Omo-hyoid. 13. Thyro-hyoid. 14, 14. Sterno-thyroid. 15. Anterior portion of inferior constrictor of pharynx. 16. Occipital muscle. 17, 17. Retrahens aurem. 18. Trapezius. 19. Splenius capitis. 20. Splenius colli. 21. Levator anguli scapulae. 22. Scalenus posticus. 23. Scalenus anticus. 24. Superior portion of deltoid. 25. Superior portion of pectoralis major. 26. Inferior and anterior portion of right platysma myoides. 27. Depressor anguli oris. 28. Depressor labii inferioris. 29. Masseter. 30. Buccinator. 9 " 5 Inferior PoRxroN of thk Abdominal Aponeurosis. Muscles of the Velum Palati. A. Cartilaginous portion of Eustachian tube. B. Posterior orifice of nasal fossa. C. Velum palati. D. Uvula. E Pos- terior pillar of velum palati. F. Tonsil. G, G. Posterior wall of pharynx, divided in the median line. H. Base of tongue. I. Epiglottis. K. Left lateral prolongation of epi- glottis. L. Entrance to larynx. M. Thyroid cartilage. N. Posterior wall of larynx. O. Group of racemose glands. P. Upper part of esophagus. i. Azygos uvulgp. 2, Levator palati. 3, 3. Palato-pharyngeus. 4. External accessory fasciculus. 5. Internal ac- cessory fasciculus. 6. Fibers arising from the median portion of the velum palati and terminating in the palato- pharyngeus. 7. Internal fibers of the palato-pharyngeus. 8. Middle and ex- ternal fibers. 9. Anterior fibers of stylo- pharyngeus. 10. Superior constrictor of pharynx. :. External abdominal ring. 2, Exter- nal pillar. 3,3. Internal pillar. 4,^. Gimbernat's ligament. 5, 5. Its at- tachment. 6. Intercolumnar fibers. 7. Linea alba. 8. Symphysis pubis, 9. Spermatic cord. 10. Crural arch. II, II. Cribriform fascia. 12. Internal saphenous vein. 12 MUSCLES 799 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Co«ri»«^a'. Name. Origin. Insertion. Innervation. Function. C h n d r o-e p i trochle- aris (anoma/ous). Cartilages of one or two ribs (7th) or from aponeu- rosis of external oblique. Fascia on inner side of arm, or internal con- dyle of humerus. Chondro-glossus. See Hyo-glossus. Choroid. See Ciliary. Ciliary. Longitudinal portion (Briicke'sm.), junction of cornea and sclera; cir- cular portion (MuUer's ■mO, fibers form a circle. Outer layers of choroid. Ciliary. The muscle of visual accommodation. Circumflex palati. See T'ensor palati. Cleido-cervicalis (an- omalous). Transverse process of 6th cervical vertebra. Outer end of clavicle. A supernumerary scalene muscle. Cleido-epitrochlearis. Clavicular portion of del- toid. Internal condyle of humerus. Cleido-hyoid (anomai- ous). Clavicle near outer border of sterno-hyoid. Body of hyoid. Hypoglossal. Depresses hyoid. Cleido-occipitalis {an- omalous). Clavicle, posterior to sterno-mastoid. Superior nuchal line of occiput. Coccygeus. Ischial spine. Coccyx, sacrum, and sacro-coccygeal liga- ment. Sacral. Supports coccyx, and closes pelvic outlet. Complexus. Transverse processes yth cervical and 6 upper dor- sal, and articular proces- ses of 3d to 6th cervical. Occipital bone. Sub-occipital, great occipital, and bran- ches of cervical. Retracts and rotates head. Compressor hemi- .sphericumbulbi. A name given to that part of the bulbo-cavernosus which covers the most prominent part of the bulb. Compressor narium. Nasal aponeurosis. Fellow muscle and canine fossa. Facial. Dilates nostril. Compressor narium minor. Alar cartilage. Skin at end of nose. Facial. Dilates nostril. Compressor s a c c u 1 i laryngis. Fibers of the aryteno-epi- glottideus. Recurrent laryngeal. Compressor of saccule of larynx. Compressor urethrse. Ramus of pubes. Fellow muscle. Perineal. Compresses membran- ous urethra. Compressor vaginse. The analogue of the two bulbo-cavernosi of the male. Perineal. » Compressor of vaginae. Compressor venae dor- salis penis. Fibers of the ischio-caver- nosus. Fascial sheath of penis," over dorsal vessels. Compressor of dorsal vein. Constrictor istlimi fau- cium. See Palato-glossus. Constrictor of pharynx (inferior). Cricoid and thyroid carti- lages. Pharyngeal raphe. G 1 s s - pharyngeal, pharyngeal plexus and external laryn- geal. Contracts caliber of pharynx. Constrictor of pharynx (middle). Cornua of hyoid and stylo- hyoid ligament. Pharyngeal raphe. Glosso-p haryngeal and pharyngeal plexus. Contracts caliber of pharynx. Constrictor of pharynx (superior). Internal pterygoid plate, pterygo-max. lig., jaw and side of tongue. Pharyngeal raphe. Glosso-p haryngeal and pharyngeal plex- us. Contracts caliber of pharynx. Constrictor urethrse. See Compressor urethra. Constrictor vaginae. See Compressor vagincs. Coraco-brachialis. Coracoid process of scap- ula. Inner surface of shaft of humerus. Musculo-cutaneous. Adducts and flexes arm. Coraco-brachialis supe- rior vel brevis. See Rotator humeri. MUSCLES 800 MUSCLES Superficial and Middle Muscu- lar Layers of the Posterior Aspect of the Trunk. I, I. Trapezius. 2. Lalissimus dorsi. 3. 3. Lumbo-sacral aponeurosis 4, 4. Portion of this aponeurosis to, -which latissimus dorsi is attached. 5. Fasciculus by which latissimus dorsi is attached to crest of ilium. 6. External border of latissimus dorsi. 7. Teres major. 8. Superior border of latissimus dorsi, curving around teres major 9. Rhomboid- eus major 10 Rhomboideus minor. II Superior border of serratus pos- ticus superions 12, 12, 12. Fasciculi of serratus posticus inferioris. 13. Sterno mastoid 14 Splenius. 15. Levator anguli scapulse. 16. Infra- spinatus 17 Teres minor. 18. Teres major 19 Divided latissi- mus dorsi 20 Pasciculus of latis- simus dorsi, arising from angle of scapuli 21 Inferior portion of serratus magnus 22, 22. Lower portion of internal oblique. 23. Posterior aponeurosis of internal oblique 24 Gluteus maximus. 25. Divided gluteus maximus. 26. Glu- teus medius 27 Pyramidalis. 28. Tendon of obturator internus and gemelli 29 Quadratus femoris. 30 Sacro lumbalis and longissimus dorsi 31 Deltoid 32. Triceps. Diaphragm, Inferior Aspect. ;. Middle or anterior leaflet of central tendon. 2. Right leaflet. 3. Left leaflet. 4. Right crus. 5. Left crus. 6, 6. Intervals for phrenic nerves. 7. Muscular fibers from which the ligamenta arcuata originate. 8, 8. Muscular fibers that arise from inner surface of six lower ribs. 9. Fibers that arise from ensiform cariilage. 10. Opening for inferior vena cava. II. Opening for esophagus. 12. Aortic opening. 13, 13. Upper portion of transversalis abdominis, turned upward and outward. 14. Anterior leaflet of transversalis aponeurosis. 15, 15. Quadratus lumborum. 16, 16. Psoas magnus. 17. Third lumbar vertebra. Internal Oblique and Transversalis abdominis Muscles. I, I. Rectus abdominis. 2, 2. Internal oblique. 3, 3- Anterior leaflet of aponeurosis of internal oblique. 4, 4. Divided external oblique. 5, 5. Spermatic cords. 6, 6. Inferior portion of aponeurosis of external ob- lique. 7. Lower portion of left rectus abdominis; upper portion removed. 8, 8. Muscular portion of transversalis abdominis. 9. Aponeurotic portion. 10. Umbilicus. 11. Supra-umbilical portion of linea alba. 12. Infra-umbilical portion. 13. Serratus mag- nus. 14. Divided right latissimus dorsi. 15. Divided left latissimus dorsi. 16. Divided serratus magnus. 17, 17. External intercostals. iR, 18. Femoral apon- eurosis. 19. Divided internal oblique. MUSCLES 801 MUSCLES TABLE OF UVSChES.—ConimueJ. Name. Origin. Insertion. Innervation. Function. Coraco-caps ularis. (A name applied to the upper portion of the coraco-brachialis). Coracoid process. Below lesser tuberosity of humerus, or into capsule of shoulder- joint. Corrugator cutis ani. Submucous tissue on inte- rior of anus. Subcutaneous tissue on opposite side of anus Sympathetic. Corrugates skin about anus. Corrugator supercilii. Superciliary ridge of fron- tal bone. Orbicularis palpe- brarum. Facial. Draws eyebrow down- ward and inward. Costo-fascialis {anomal- ous). Outer border of steruo- ihyroid muscle. Sheath of carotid ves- sels. Crampton's. See Ciiiary. Cremaster. Upper and deep surface of middle of Poupart's ligament. Spine and crest of pubic bone and fascia pro- pria. Genital branch of genito-crural. Elevates testicle. Cremaster, internal, of Henle. Fibers of the gubernac- ulum testis. ' Elements of spermatic cord. Crico-arytenoideus lat- eralis. Side of cricoid cartilage. Angle and external sur- face of arytenoid. Recurrent laryngeal. Closes glottis. Crico-a rytenoideus posticus. Back of cricoid cartilage. Base of arytenoid carti- lage. Recurrent laryngeal. Opens glottis. Crico-hyoid {anomal- ous). Lower border of side of cricoid cartilage. Lower border of hyoid bone. Crico-thyroid. Cricoid cartilage. Thyroid cartilage (lower inner border). Superior laryngeal. Makes vocal bands tense. Crureus. See Vastus i?iternus. Curvator coccygis (an- omalous). Anterior surface fifth seg- ment of sacrum. Anterior surface of coccyx. Incurvates coccyx. Deltoid. Clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula. Shaft of humerus. Circumflex. Abducts humerus. Depressor al?e nasi. Incisive fossa of superior maxillary bone. Septum and ala of nose. Facial, buccal branch. Contracts nostril. Depressor anguH oris. External oblique line of inferior maxillary bone. Angle of mouth. Facial, supra-maxil- lary branch. Depresses angle of mouth. Depressor epiglottidis. Those fibers ofthethyro- epiglottideus that are continued forward to the margin of the epiglot- tis. Depressor labii inferi- oris. External oblique line of the inferior maxillary bone. Lower lip. Facial, supra-maxil- lary branch. Depresses lip.~ Depressor thyroid ea (anomalous). Lower border first tracheal ring, near middle line. Lower border of thyroid cartilage. Depresses trachea. Depressor urethrae. Ramus of ischium near deep transversus perinei. Fibers of constrictor va- ginae muscle. Detrusor urinae. 1 Front of pubes. Prostate (in m a I e ), va- gina \,\n female). Sympathetic. Compresses bladder. Diaphragm. Ensiformcart., 6or7lower ribSj ligamenta arcuata, bodies of lumbar verteb. Central tendon. Phrenic and sympa- thetic. Respiration and expul- sion. Digastric (anterior belly). Inner surface of inferior maxillary bone, near symphysis. Hyoid bone. Inferior dental. Elevates hyoid and tongue. Digastric (posterior belly). Dipastric groove of mas- toid process. Hyoid bone. Facial. Elevates hyoid and tongue. Dilator naris anterioris. Alar cartilage. Border of ala of nose. Facial, infraorbital branch . Dilates nostril. Dilator naris posterioris. Nasal notch of superior maxillary bone. Skin at margin of nos- tril. Facial, infraorbital branch. Dilates nostril. Dorsal interossei, 4. Sides of metacarpal bones. Bases of corresponding phalange*:. Ulnar. Abduct fingers from me- dian line. SI MUSCLES 802 MUSCLES Muscles of the Anterior Aspect OF THE Body. 1. Pectoralis major. 2. Its clavicular fasciculus. 3. Fasciculus attached to abdominal aponeurosis. 4, 4. External oblique. 5, 5. Serratus magnus. 6, 6. Anterior border of latissimus dorsi. 7. Decussation of tendinous fibers of pectorales ma- jores. 8. Ensiform cartilage. 9, 9. Abdominal aponeurosis. 10, 10. Linea alba. 11. Umbilicus. 12, 12, 12. Tendinous intersections of rec- tus abdominis. 13, 13. External ab- dominal ring. 14. Pyramidalis. 15, 15. External border of rectus ab- dominis. 16. Sterno-hyoid. 17. Omo- hyoid. 18, Sterno-mastoid. 19. Cer- vical portion of trapezius. 20, Del- toid. 21. Biceps brachialis. 22. Pectineus. 23. Sartorius. 24. Rec- tus femoris. 25. Tensor vaginae femoris. 10 ]1 Muscles of Anterior Aspect 6f Thorax. 1. Pectoralis major. 2. Its clavicular portion. 3. Its sterno-costal portion. 4- Its humeral attachment, divided and displaced upward. 5, 5, 5. Its fasciculi of attachment to ribs, 6. Pectoralis minor. 7. Subclavius. 8. Deltoid. 9. Inferior border of pectoralis minor. 10. Digitations of serratus magnus. 11. Corresponding digitations of external oblique. 12, 12. Anterior border of latissimus dorsi. 13. Its tendon of attachment to humerus. 14. Teres major. 15. Subscapu- Jaris. 16. Long' head of triceps. 17. Lower portion of delt'oid, 18, 18. Sterno-mastoid. 19. Lower portion of sterno-hyoid. 20. Trapezius. Psoas, Iliac, Quadratus Lumborum, and Transver- SALis Muscles. Psoas parvus. 2. Its divided tendon. 3. Psoas magnus. 4. Its attachment to 12th dorsal vertebra. 5, 5, 5. 5- ^^^ attachment to bodies of first four lumbar vertebrae. 6. Its tendon of attachment to lesser trochanter. 7, 7- ^''^^ muscle. 8, 8. Inferior and external fibers of iliac muscle. 9, 9. Rectus femoris. 10, lo. Obturator externus. n- Quadratus lumborum. 12, 12, 12, 12. Posterior portion of quadratus lumborum. 13. External portion. 14. Trans- versalis abdominis. 15. IHo-lumbar ligament, 16. Crura of diaphragm. MUSCLES 803 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.— C<7«^«"«zi^'.* lower bor- der of anterior annular ligament ; ridge of trape- zium ; inner: os mag- num, and bases of first, second, and third meta- carpal bones. Base of first phalanx of thumb. Outer ^fat/— median, palmar branch. In^ ner head—A^^^ ul- nar. of thumb. Flexor brevis pollicis pedis. See Plexor brevis hallucis. Flexor carpi radialis. Internal condyle of hu- merus. Metacarpal bone of in- dex finger. Median. Flexes wrist. Flexor carpi radialis vel profundus {anoma- lous). Anterior surface of radius, above the pronator quad- ratus. Annular ligament or trapezium, magnum or base of second or third metacarpal bone. Flexor carpi ulnaris (2 heads). I. Internal condyle, ^s. Olecranon and ulna. 5th metacarpal, annular lig. and pisiforni bone. Ulnar. Flexes wrist. Flexor cruris. See Biceps femoris. Flexor indicis. The name given to the in- dicial portion of the flexor profundus digito- rum, when it is distinct. Flexor longus digito- rum pedis. Shaft of tibia. Last phalanges of toes. Posterior tibial. Flexes phalanges and ex- - tends ankle. Flexor longus hallucis. Lower two-thirds of shaft of fibula, Last phalanx of great toe. * Posterior tibial. Flexes great toe. Flexor longus pollicis. Shaft of radius and coro- noid process of ulna. Last phalanx of thumb. Anterior interosseous. Flexes the phalanx. Flexor ossis metacarpi pollicis. See Opponens pollicis. Flexor perforatus. See Flexor brevis digito rum pedis. MUSCLES 806 MUSCLES Superficial Muscles of Pal- mar Aspect of Forearm. i. Lower portion of biceps. ■£. Bicipital fascia. 3. Tendon of insertion into radius. 4, 4. Bra- chialis anticus. 5. Internal head of triceps. 6. Pronator radii teres. 7. Flexor carpi radialis. 8. Palmaris longus. 9. Itstermi- nation in palmar ligament. 10. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 11. Its attachment to pisiform bone. 12. Supinator longus. 13. Its attach- ment to styloid process of radius. 14, 14. Extensor carpi radialis longior. 15. Extensor carpi ra- dialis brevior. 16. Extensor os- sis metacarpi pollicis. 17. Its tendon of insertion into base of first metacarpal bone. 18. Ten- don of extensor secundi inter- nodii pollicis. 19, 19, Flexor sub- limisdigitorum. 20, 20. Tendons of this muscle 21, 21. Their attachment 10 second phalanges Triceps Brachialis, Posterior Aspect. I. Long, middle, or scapular head. 2. Its ten- don of origin from scapula. 3. External, or long humeral head. 4. Internal, or short humeral head. 5. Common tendon. 6. At- tachment to olecranon. 7. Anconeus. 8, 8. Upper portion of deltoid, posterior half re- moved. 9. Lower portion. 10. Supraspina- tus. II. Infraspinatus. 12. Teres minor, middle portion removed. 13. Insertion of teres minor into humerus. 14. Teres major. 15. Upper extremity of latissimus dorsi. 16 Supinator longus. 17. Extensor carpi radi- alis longior. 18. Extensor carpi ulnaris. 19.- Flexor carpi ulnaris. of fingers, 22, 22. Attachment of tendons of flexor profundus digitorum to last phalanges of fingers. 23, 23. Lumbricales. 24. Abductor pollicis. 25. Its insertion into first phalanx of thumb. 26, 26. Flexor longus pollicis. 27. Flexor brevis minimi digitl. 28. Abductor minimi digit!. Flexor Subumis Digitorum. .. Flexor sublimis digitorum. z. Its origin from the epitrochlea. 3. Its origin from coronoid process of ulna. 4, 4. Its aponeurosis of attachment to radius. 5, 5. Superficial tendons, for middle and ring fingers. 6, 6. Deep tendons, for little and index fingers. 7. Flexor longus pollicis. 8. Its ten- don. 9, 9. Bifurcation of tendons of flexor sublimis. 10. Intervals be- tween divisions. II, II. Tendons of flexor profundus. 12. Tendon of brachialis anticus. 13. Common ten^ don of origin of superficial epitroch- lear muscles. 14. Tendon of bjceps. 15. Supinator longus. 16. Its attach- ment- to ^styloid- p^taeess of radius. 17. Extensor carpi radialis longior, 18, 18. Tendon of attachment of pro- nator radii teres, divided. 19. Ten don of extensor carpi radialis. 20, Triceps. 21. Flexor carpi ulnaris, 22. Its attachment to pisiform bone. 23. Adductor minimi digiti. 24- Flexor brevis minimi digiti. :;5' Ad- ductor brevis pollicis. MUSCLES 807 TABLE OF MUSCLES.— Con/inued. MUSCLES Name. Origin. Insertion. Innervation. Function. Flexor profundus digi- torum. Shaft of ulna. Last phalanges by four tendons. Ulnar and anterior interosseous. Flexes the phalanges. Flexor proprius dieiti secundi {anomalous). Shaft of tibia. Base of phalanges of second toe. Flexor sublimis digito- rum (j heads). I. Inner condyle. 2. Coro- noid process. 3. Oblique line Of radius. Second phalanges by four tendons. Median. Flexes second phalan- ges. Frontalis. See Occipito- frontalis. Gastrocnemius {2 heads). Condyles of femur. Os calcis by tendo Achil- lis. Internal popliteal. Extends foot. Gavard's. The oblique muscular fibers of the wall of the stomach. Gemellus inferior. Tuberosity of ischium and lesser sacro-sciatic notch. Great trochanter. Sacral. External rotator of thigh. Gemellus superior. Ischial spine and lesser sa- cro-sciatic notch. Great trochanter. Sacral. External rotator of thigh. Genio-hyo-glossus. Superior genial tubercle of inferior maxillary bone. Hyoid and inferior sur- face of tongue. Hypoglossal. Retracts and protrudes tongue. Genio-hyoid. Inferior genial tubercle of inferior maxillary bone. Body of hyoid. Hypoglossal. Elevates and advances hyoid. Gluteus maximus. Sup. curved iliac line and crest, sacrum,and coccyx. Fascia and femur below great trochanter. Inferior gluteal and sacral plexus. Extends, abducts, and rotates thigh outward. Gluteus medius. Ilium between superior and middle curved lines. Oblique line of great tro- chanter. Superior gluteal. Rotates, abducts, and advances thigh. Gluteus minimus. Ilium between middle and inferior curved lines. Great trochanter. Superior gluteal. Rotates, abducts, and draws thigh forward. Gluteus quartus. See Accessory gluteus minimus. Gracilis. Rami of pubes and ischium. Tibia, upper and inner part. Obturator. Flexes and abducts leg. Grinning. See Levator anguli oris. Gubernaculum testis. See Cremaster. Guthrie's. See Transversus perinei, deep. . Helicis major et minor. Tubercle on helix. Rim of helix near sum- mit. Auriculo -temporal and posterior auricu- lar. Henle's. See Prerectalis. Hepatico -diaphrag- matic (anomalous). Left side of central tendon of diaphragm. Under surface of liver and obliterated ductus venosus and periton- eum. Hilton's See Compressor saccuti laryngis. Horner's. See Ciliary and Tensor tarsi. Houston's. See Compressor venes dor salis penis. Hyo-epiglottideus {an- omalous). Middle of ridge on lingual aspect of epiglot- tis. Median tubercle on body of hyoid. Hyo-facialis. A name applied to the anterior portion of the onip-hyoid, when the posterior belly is absent. Hyo-glossus. Cornua of hyoid. Side of tongue. Hypoglossal. Depresses side of tongue and retracts tongue. Hyo-maxillaris {anom- aly of Stylo-hyoid). Lower jaw. Hyoid bone. Hyo-pharyngeus. See Constrictor of pharynXy middle. MUSCLES ,808 Muscles of Dorsal Aspect of Forearm, Superficial Layer. I. Tendon of triceps. 2. Upper ex- tremity of supinator longus. 3. Ex- tensor carpi radialis longior. 4. Its attachment to second metacarpal bone. 5. Extensor carpi radialis brevior. 6. Its attachment to third metacarpal bone. 7. Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. 8, 8. Extensor primi internodii pollicis. 9,9. Ex- tensor secundi internodii pollicis. 10, 10. Annular ligament. 11. Extensor communis digitorum 12, 12. Attach- ment of its four tendons to the second and third phalanges. 13. Tendon of the extensor indicis. 14. Tendon of extensor minimi digiti. 15. Extensor carpi ulnaris. 16. Its attachment to fifth metacarpal bone. 17. Anconeus. j8. Flexor carpi ulnaris. ig. Posterior border of ulna, 20. Olecranon. 21. Internal condyle of humerus. Muscles of Dorsal Aspect of Forearm, Deep Layer. :. Tendon of triceps 2. Internal head of triceps. 3. Anconeus-. 4. Humeral attachment of supinator longus. 5. Humeral attachment of extensor carpi radialis longior. 6,6. Tendon of insertion ifiio second metacar- pal bone. 7. Upper extremity of extensor carpi radialis brevior. 8, 8. Its tendon of insertion into third metacarpal bone. 9. Com- mon tendon of the superficial and deep muscles. 10. Supinator brevis. II. Radial insertion of pronator radii teres. 12. Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, 13. Extensor primi interno- dii pollicis. 14. ExiPiisor secundi in- ternodii pollicis. 15. Extensor indicis. 16. lis tendon, uniting with corre- sponding tendon n( common exten- sor. 17. Tendon of extensor minimi digiti. 18. Tf-ndon of extensor carpi ulnaris. 19. Flexor carpi ulnaris, dis- placed to show flexor profundus digi- torum. 20. Fibrous arch extending ' from epitrochlea tn olecranon and forming the uppei' pottion of the deep flexor. 21. Annular ligament. 22, 22 Dorsal interossei. 23. Abductor minimi digiti. 24, 24. Tendons of ex- tensor communis digitorum. Deep Muscles of Palmar Aspect OF Forearm. 1 . Lower portion of triceps. 2, 2. At- tachments of pronator radii teres. 3. Attachment of flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor sublimis digitorum. 3'. Tendon of biceps. 3". Tendon of brachialis anticus. 4, 4. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 5. Supinator longus. 6. Its distal attachment. 7. Supinator brevis. 7'. Extensor carpi radialis longior. 8, 8. Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. 9. P'lexor profun- dus digitorum. 10. Its four tendons. II. Tendon for index finger. 12,12. Tendon for middle finger. 13. Ten- don of flexor sublimis. 14 Tendon of flexor profundus for little finger. 15, 15. Lumbricales 16, 16. Attach- ments of abductor brevis. 17. Oppo- nens pollicis. 18. Flexor brevis pol- licis. 19. Adductor pollicis. 20. Flexor longus pollicis. 21. Its tendon. 22, 22. Attachments of flexor brevis and adductor minimi digiti. 23. Oppo- nens minimi digiti. MUSCLES 809 MUSCLES TABLE OF MUSCLES.— a>«A«affl'. Name. Origin. Insertion. Innervation. Function. Iliacus. Iliac fossa, crest, base of sacrum. Lesser trochanter, up- per part shaft femur. Anterior crural. Flexes and rotates femur outward. Iliacus minor {anomal- ous). Anterior ^ inferior spine of ilium . Inferior part anterior intertrochanteric line. Iliacus, superficial {an- omalous). Crest of ilium, last lumbar vertebra or upper border of sacrum. Iliacus below Poupart's ligament. Ilio-capsularis {anomal- ous). See Iliacus minor. Ilio-costal. See Sacro-lumbar. Incisuras Santorini. - See Intertragicus. Infracostals, lo. Inner surface of ribs. Inner surface of two or three ribs above. Intercostal. Expiration, by depress- ing ribs. Infra-spinatus. Infra-spiiious fossa. Great tuberosity of humerus. Supra-scapular. Rotates humerus out- ward. Inter-arytenoid. One arytenoid cartilage. The other arytenoid cartilage. Recurrent laryngeal. Approximates arytenoid cartilages. Interclavicular {anomal- ous)^ Clavicle, anterior to rhom- boid ligament. Corresponding point on opposite clavicle. Intercostals, external, II. Outer lip of inferior costal border. Superior border of ribs above. Intercostal. Raise ribs in inspiration. Intercostals, internal, 11, Inner lip of inferior costal border. Superior border of ribs below. Intercostal. Depress ribs in expira- tion. Interossei of foot, dor- sal (4). Adjacent surfaces of meta- tarsal bones. Bases of first phalanges. External plantar. Flex first phalanges and extend 2d and 3d, also abduct 2d, 3d, and 4th toes. Interossei of foot, plan- tar (3J. Inner lower surface of 3 outer metatarsal bones. Bases of first phalanges of three outer toes. External plantar. Abduct first phalanges of three (luter toes. Interossei of hand, dor- sal (4). Five metacarpal bones. Sides of aponeurosis of extensor communis and adjacent parts of first phalanges. Ulnar. Abduct index,' middle, and ring fingers, aid in flexing first phalanges and extending second and third. Interossei of hand, palmar (3). Sides of metacarpal bones. Aponeurosis of extensor tendons, adjacent part of first phalanges. Ulnar. Adduct indeXj ring, and little fingers, aid in flex- ing first phalanges and in evtending second and third. Interosseus primus volaris {anomalous). Uhiar side of base of first metacarpal.' Base of first phalanx of thumb. • Inter-spinales. Upper surface of Spines of vertebra, near tip. Posterior part of lower surface of spine above. Internal divrsions of posterior branches of spinal nerves. Extend the vertebrse next above. Intertragicus. Anterior wall cartilagin- ous canal of ear. Opposite side of larger fissure of ear. Posterior auricular. Dilates concha. Inter-transversales. Between transverse proc. of contiguous vertebrae. Spinal nerves. Flex laterally the spinal column. Iscbio-calcaneus {anom- alous). Long head of biceps flexor cruris. -Gastrocnemius, external tuberosity of tibia, femoral aponeurosis or tendo Achillis. Ischio-cavernosus. See Erector penis. Ischio-condyloid. A name given tn the por- tion of the adductor magnus inserted into the internal condyle of femur. Ischio-femoral {anomal- ous). Inner edge of great tuber- psjty ofischium. Lower end of gluteal ridge of femur. Jaijavay's, See Depressor uretkm. Kerato-cricoid {anomal- ous). Cricoid cartilage near its lower border. Inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage. MUSCLES 810 Gluteus Maximus Muscle. X. Gluteus maximus. 2. Its inferior portion. 3. Fibers of at- 4. Superior portion. 5, 5. Ten- tachment to linea aspera, , . , . „, „ dinous fibers of insertion into linea aspera. 6. Upper portion of femoral aponeurosis. 7. Duplicature of this aponeurosis at superior level of gluteus maximus. 8. Portion of its super- ficial layer attached to tendinous bands. 9. Lower extremity of tensor vaginae femoris. ro, 10, Portion of femoral apon- eurosis continuous with tendinous fibers of gluteus maximus. II. Upper portion of biceps femoris. 12. Upper portion of semifendinosus. 13. Upper portion of semimembranosus. 14. Gracilis. Pkctineus and Adductor LONGUS. I. Femur. 2. Ilium. 3. Pubis. 4. Pectineus. 5. Adductor longus. 6. Lower portion of adductor magnus. 7. Ten- don of rectus femoris. 8. 8. Orifices for vessels. 9. Ori- fices for femoral vessels. Gluteus Medius Muscle. i. Inner extremity of gluteus maximus. 2. Attachment of gluteus maximus to linea aspera. 3, 3. Triangular aponeu- rosis formed by convergence of tendinous fibers of upper half of gluteus maximus. 4. Gluteus medius. 5. Its tenaon of insertion into gi-eat trochanter. 6. Upper portion of femoral aponeurosis. 7. Pyramidalis. 8. Obturator internus. 9. Superior gemellus. 10. Inferior gemellus. 11. Quadratus femoris. 12. Semi-tend inosus. 13. Upper portion of long head of biceps. 14. Adductor magnus. 15. Gracilis. 16. Vastus externus. Adductor Brevis and Adductor Magnus. I. Femur. 2. Ilium 3. Pubis. 4. Obturator externus. 5. Upper portion of adductor magnus. 6. Upper portion of adductor brevis. 7. Inferior portion of adductor brevis. 8. Middle portion of adductor magnus. 9. Inferior portion. 10. Tendon of insertion into internal condyle of femur. 11. Orifice for femoral vessels. 12. Orifice for internal cir- cumflex artery and veins. MUSCLES 811 MUSCLES TABLE OF UVSCI.es.— Coniinued. Name. Origin. Insertion. Innervation. Function. Keratoglossus. Those fibers of the hyo- glossus that arise from the greater cornu of the hyoia bone. See Hyo- glossus. Kerato-thyroid [anomai^ ous). Lower border of cricoid cartilage. I nferi or cornu of thyroid cartilage. Kissing. See Orbicularis oris. Laryngo-pharyngeus. See Constrictor of pharynx, inferior. Lateralis abdominis. See Accessory abdominal oblique. Latissimus dorsi. • Spines of 6 lower dorsal and lumbar and sacral T;ertebrse, crest of ilium, and 3 or 4 lower ribs. Bicipital groove of humerus. Long subscapular. Draws arm backward and downward and rotates it inward. Laxator tympani major. Spinous process sphenoid and Eustachian tube. Neck of malleus. Facial. Relaxes membrana tym- pani. Levator anguli oris. Canine fossa of superior maxillary bone. Angle of mouth. Facial, infraorbital branch. Elevates angle of mouth. Levator anguli scapulae. Transverse processes of four upper cervical vert. Posterior border of scapula. Fifth cervical and cer- vical plexus. Elevates upper angle of . scapula. Levator ani. Posterior portion of body ■ and ramus of pubes, pel- vic fascia, ischial spine. Rectum, coccyx, and fibrous raphe. Sacral and perineal. Supports rectum and vagina. Levator claviculse (an- omalous). Transverse processes first and second cervical ver- tebrae. Outer half of clavicle. Levator glandulae thy- roidea {anomalous): Isthmus or pyramidal pro- cess of thyroid body. Anterior surface of body of hyoid. Levator labii inferioris. Incisive fossa of inferior maxillary bone. Skin of lower lip. Facial, supra-maxil- lary branch. Elevates lower lip. Levator labii superioris. Lower margin of orbit. Upper lip. Facial, infraorbital branch. Elevates upper lip. Levator labii superioris alseque nasi. Nasal process of superior maxillary bone. Alar cartilage and upper lip. Facial, infraorbital branch. Elevates upper lip, di- lates nostril. Levator menti. See Levator labii inferio ris. Levator palati. Petrous portion of tempo- ral bone. Soft palate. Spheno-palatine gan- glion (facial). Elevates soft palate. Levator palpebrae sup. Lesser wing of sphenoid. Upper tarsal cartilage. Third. Lifts upper lid. Levator pharyngis. See Stylo-pharyngeus. Levator prostatse. A name given to the ante- rior portion of the leva- tor ani muscle. Levator thyroideae {an- omalous). Hyoid bone. Left lateral lobe of thy- roid body. Levatores costarum, 12. Transv. proc of last cer- vical and dorsal vertebrae. Each to the rib below. Intercostal. Raise ribs. Lingualis! Under surface of tongue. Chorda tympani and hypoglossal. Elevates middle o< tongue. Longissimus dorsi. Erector spinse. Transverse processes of lumbar and dorsal ver- tebrae and7th~iith ribs. Branches of lumbar and dorsal. Erects spine and bends trunk backward. Lpngus. colli.:— 1. Superior oblique portion. 2. Inferior oblique por- tion. 3. Vertical portion. Transverse processes 3d- 5th cervical. Bodies of ist-sd dorsal. Bodies £>f three dorsal and two cervical. Anterior tubercle of atlas. Transverse processes 5th-6th cervical. Bodies of 2d-4th cervi- cal. Lower cervical. Flexes cervical verte- brae. Lumbricales, 4, of foot. Tendons of flexor longus digitorum. First phalanges of the lesser toes. Internal and external plantar. Accessory flexors. MUSCLES 812 MUSCLES Short Head of Biceps and Semi- membranosus. J, Attachment to ischium of long head of biceps and semitendinosus. z. Semimembranosus. 3. Its superior tendon. 4. Its inferior tendon. 5. Middle portion of tendon. 6. Its anterior portion. 7. Its posterior por- tion. 8. Section of long head of biceps. 9. Its short head. 10. Its attachment to head of fibula. 11, 11, II. Adductor magnus. 12, 12. Ori- fices for passage of perforating arter- ies and veins. 13. Vastus externus. 14, 14. Ina.xae as Muscle-plate. M . Rheumatism, rheumatism affecting the muscles. Synonym of Myalgia. M. Sensations, the feelings that accom- pany the action of muscles. M. Sense, the sense of motion, weight, and position upon which the adjust- ment of the body to its surroundings depends. Sen- sory-nerve fibrils probably exist in muscles that con- vey these sensations. The capacity of experiencing muscular sensations. M. System, all the muscles of the body correlated. The totality of the muscular tissue of the body. M. Tissue, the substance of mus- cle ; this appears in two principal varieties — the striped, striated, or voluntary, and the unstriped, non-striated, or involuntary. The striped muscular tissue is com- posed of muscle-fibers, the unstriped of elongated, spin- dle-shaped cells. A muscle-fiber consists : (l)ofsar- colemma ; (2) of muscle-nuclei ; (3) of muscle-sub- stance. The sarcolemma is an elastic, homogeneous connective-tissue sheath which lightly invests the muscle-fiber. The nuclei are fusiform in shape, are situated immediately beneath the sarcolemma, and run parallel with the axis of the fiber. The muscle-fiber itself consists of two substances — a dark, doubly refracting, or anisotropic contractile substance, and a lighter, semi-fluid, isotropic substance termed sarco- plasm. The contractile substance consists of delicate spindles, the apposition of whose thicker portions produces the dark transverse disc. The spindles terminate in minute beads, the juxtaposition of which gives rise to the intermediate disc or membrane of Krause. The neutral sarcoplasm fills out the spaces left between the spindles, and, as ordinarily the taper- ing ends of the spindles are too delicate to be seen, the space between the intermediate and transverse discs — the lateral disc — looks homogeneous. The contractile fibrillas into which the contractile substance is divided, formed by the end-to-end union of the spindles, is aggregated into bundles — the muscle-columns — sur- rounded by a layer of sarcolemma. On transverse sec- tion these muscle-columns give rise to the appearance known as Cohnheim's fields. The muscle-fibers are held together by delicate areolar tissue, the endo- mysium. Several grouped together form a primary bundle. Primary bundles are surrounded by a sheath termed the endomysium.. Pasciculi are aggregations of primary bundles, and are the units of which the com- plete muscle is composed, the latter being surrounded by the perimysium. M. Tumor. See Myoma. Muscularis (mus-ku-la'-ris")\musculus,&rmis,Q\.^'\. The muscular coat of an organ. M. tnucosas, the layer of unstriped muscular tissue separating the mucosa (of mucous membranes) from the submucosa. Muscularity (mus-ku-lar' -it-e) [niusculus, a muscle]. The quality of being muscular. Musculation {mus-ku-la' -shun) \musculus, a muscle] . The muscular endowment of the body or a part ; also the action of the muscles of the body. Musculature [mus'-ku-la-tur) [musculus, muscle]. The muscular system of the body, an organ, or part. Musculi [mus'-ku-li) [L.]. Plm-al of musculus, a muscle. M. codonoides, the middle bell-muscles of a medusa. M. papillaris. See Muscles, Papillary. M. pectinati \_pecten, a comb], small, muscular columns traversing the inner surface of the appendix auriculae and the adjoining portion of the wall of the auricle. M. proboscidalis, the proboscidal muscles of the Medusae. Musculin (}tius' -ku-lin) \musculus, a muscle]. Ex- tract of muscle-tissue. See Organotherapy. Musculinteger {mus-ku-lin' -te-jer') [niusculus, muscle ; integer, whole]. A combination of several muscles functionally connected and acting as a single mus- cle. Musculo- [mus'-ku-lo) [musculus, a muscle]. A pre- fix to denote connection with or relation to muscular tissue. M. -aponeurotic, composed of muscle and of fibrous connective tissue in the form of a membrane. M.-cutaneous. See Nerves, Table of. M. -mem- branous, membranous and muscular in character. M. -phrenic, pertaining to the muscular portion of the diaphragm ; as the musculo-phrenic artery. See Arte- ries, Table of. M. -spiral. See Nerves, Table of. Musculous {mus'-ku-lus) [musculus, muscle]. Con- taining or composed of muscle-fibers. Musculus [mus'-ku-lus). See Muscle. Muscus [)nus'-kus)[L.'\. Moss; lichen. Musenin (mus'-en-ht). See Moussenin. Museum [rmt-ze'-um) [Mowa, amuse]. Formerly, any library or place devoted to the arts and sciences, be- cause these were supposed to be presided over by the Muses. Any systematic collection of objects of nature or of art. Mush. A thick porridge, or boiled pudding, usually of maize meal, used as an' article of diet, and also as a poultice. Mushroom [mush'-rilm). See Agaric and Fungus. Musicians' Cramp. See Cramp. Musicomania (mu-zik-o-ma' -ne-aK) \}uovaiidj, music ; jiavla, mania]. Monomania for, or insane devotion to, music. Musicotherapy [mu-zik-o-ther' -ap-e) [fiovmid/, music ; Bepanela, treatment]. The use of music in the treat- ment of disease, chiefly mental and nervous diseases, and in convalescence. Musk [ME., ?»w,4, musk]. See Moschus. M. Root. See Sumbul. Muskardine {mits' -kar-din) [F. muscardine, the name of a fungus]. A disease very destructive to silk- worms in Europe during the early part of the 19th century, practically disappearing among cultivated worms after 1855 ; it was caused by the fungus Botrytis bassiana, popularly called Muskardine . Muskeg Moss (»«««'-,4^^) [Chippewa, waj/Jey, swamp] . A plant of the Northwestern United States, recom- mended as a cheap and excellent absorbent material for surgical dressings. Under this name various species of Sphagnum- and Hydnum, are confounded. Musomania {rnu-zo-ma' -ne-ah). See Musicomania. Mussanin [mus'-an-in). See Moussenin. Mussel-poisoning [mus'-l-poiz'-n-ing). The toxic effects in man sometimes resulting from eating mus- sels, especially the Mytilus edulis. See Mytiiotoxin, and Poisons, Table of. Mussitation (mus-it-a' -shun) \mussitatio ; mussitare, to mutter]. The muttering frequently observed in severe illness, consisting of the movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech. Must [wKrfziwz, new wine]. The juice freshly expressed from grapes by a mechanical process. This must is submitted to the process of spontaneous fermentation, following exposure to the air. MUSTACHE 824 MYCODESMOIDS Mustache, Moustache [mus-tasA') [Fr., from /liara^, mustache] . The beard worn on the upper lip of men. Mustard [mus'-tera) [ME., mustarde, mustard]. See Sinapis. M.-bath. SteBaih. M. -plaster, a power- ful counter-irritant plaster, usually made of equal parts of ground mustard and linseed meal. See Sinapis. M. -poultice. Same as M.-plaster. Mutacism [rnu^ - tas - izTn) [_fj.vTaKctjfi6g, mutacism]. Mytacism ; faulty speech ; utterance characterized by the too frequent use of the m sound, and its substitu- tion for other sounds. Mutant {mu'-tant) [tnutare, to change]. In biology, applied to any upright part the tip of which is bent over. Mutation (wzK-to'-j^aw) [mutare, Xochscage]. Change; in obstetrics, a pronounced change in the presentation of the fetus. Mute (mut) \_mutus, dumb]. Dumb. Unable to use articulate speech. Muticous (mu'-tik-us) \m.uticus, curtailed]. In biology, unarmed ; not provided with a spine, spur, or claw ; the autonym of mucronate, cuspidate, aristate, unguicu- late, calcarate, dentate. Mutilation (mu-iil-a' -shun) [mutilatio ; mutilare, to cut]. The act of being cut or disfigured. Also, the condition of the parts remaining after the excision or amputation of a member or part. Mutinus (mu-tin'-us) [L.]. An old name for penis. Mutisia {mu-tiz' -e-ah) [after Jos6 Celestino Mutis, a S. American botanist]. The seeds of M. vicimfolia, a •composite-flowered plant native to Andean regions. Among the natives it has reputed qualities as a cardiac tonic, and is also used in various affections of the respiratory organs. Unof Mutisin (mu'-tis-in) [after J. C. Mutis, a S. A. botan- ist]. The active principle of Mutisia viciafoUa. Mutism [mu'-tizm) [_mutus, dumb]. Dumbness. See Mutitas. Mutitas [mu'-tit-as) \mutus, mute]. Dumbness. M. atonica, dumbness arising from disorder of the nerves of the tongue. M. organica, that from loss of the tongue. M. pathematica, dumbness caused by fright or passion. M. spasmodica, spasmodic dumb- ness. M . surdorum, dumbness consequent upon con- genital deafness. Mutton (mut'-n) [montonus, a sheep]. The flesh of sheep. Mutualism (mu' -chu-al-izm)[niuttius, rec\peoca\~\. A form of commensalism ; the living together of two organisms of different species for the sake of the advantage that each one derives from the presence of the other. See Symbiosis. Mutualist [mu'-chu-al-ist) [mutuus, reciprocal]. An organism living with another in a state of mutualism. Muzzle (muz'-l) [ME., muzle, muzzle]. The pro- jecting jaws and nose of an animal ; a snout. Muzzling (muz'-ling). Same as Infibulation. Myalgia (mi-al'-je-ah) [/iSf, muscle ; d/lyof, pain]. Any pain of the muscles ; muscular rheumatism. M. rheumatica. Synonym of Myalgia or Muscular Rheumatism. Myalgic (ffzi-a/'y?^) [/itif, muscle ; dAyof, pain]. Per- taining to or affected with myalgia. Myameba (mi-am-e' -bah) \_fifiQ. muscle; nmceba, a unicellular organism]. In biology, a muscle-cell regarded as an organism. C{. Neurameba, Osteameba. Myasis [mi-a'-sis). See Myiasis. Myasthenia [mi-as-thc' -ne-ah) \_)ivi, muscle ; acBiveia, weakness]. Muscular debility. Myasthenic (mi-as-then' -ik) \_iivq, muscle ; koBivua, weakness]. Characterized by myasthenia. Mycele (mi-sSl'). Same as Mycelium. Mycelial {mi-se' -le-al) \jAK.r)z, fungus ; ^^of, nail, wart]. Pertaining to mycelium. Mycelium [mi-se' -le-um) [jivktk, a fungus ; ^/lof, nail, wart, excrescence]. In biology, a collective term for the vegetative hyphse of fungi, usually forming interwoven masses. Mycetes [mi-se' -tlz) [jiviai^, fungus] . The fungi. Mycetogenesis {mi-set-o-jen' -es-is) [^fihxjjg, fungus ; ■yevEcig, genesis]. Development of fungi. Mycetogenetic [mi-set-o-jen-et' -ik) [jiiKr/q : //. , /liiceTeg, a fungus; yiv^aic, genesis]. Produced or caused by the growth of fungi. Mycetogenous (mi-set-oj'-en-us) [^/jtiiK^t;, a fungus: ytvi/^, producing]. Same as Mycetogenetic. Mycetography [mi-set-og'-ra-fe]. Synonym o{ Mycol- ogy. Mycetoid [mi'-set-oid) [|U{iK7f, fungus ; eiiJof, like]. Resembling a fungus. Mycetology (mi-set^ol'-o-je) \_jiviaii, a fungus ; Wyof , science]. Same as Mycology. Mycetoma (mi-set-o'-mah). See Fungus Foot. Mycetophagous {mi-set-off ' -ag-us) \jivKrii, a fungus ; (fayelv, eat] . In biology, feeding upon fungi ; fungiv- orous. Mycetozoa {mi-set-o-zo'-ah) [^/iiic^Ct fungus ; ffiox, animal] . A group of fungus-like saprophytic organ- isms, the slime-fungi or slime-molds. Most naturalists class them as fungi or as plant-growths of low type ; but by E. R. Lankester and his followers they are grouped with the protozoa or lowest animal forms ; while according to a third view they are reckoned as protists or living organisms not decisively classifiable as either plants or animals. Mycetozoic (mi-set-o-zo' -ik) \_iJ.i>KriQ, fungus ; fiJOK, animal]. Of the nature of a slime-fungus or myceto- zoon. Mycetozoon (mi-set-o-zo' -on) [jivKriq, fungus ; f^ov, animal] . Any organism belonging to the class my- cetozoa. Mychmus, Mychthismus (mik'-mus, mik-thiz' -mus) IfiVXfi^Q, /ivx6ic!/i6s, from ^ii^eiv, to moan] . Sighing. Mycocellulose (mi-ko-sel' -u-loz) [/iVKT!;, fungus; cellula, a little cell]. Fungin ; a variety of cellulose forming the basis of Fungi. See Fungin. Mycoderm (mi'-ko-derm) [|U£i/cof, mucus; d^p/ia, skin]. The mucous membrane. Mycoderma (mi-ko-der' -mah) [_fiijKijg, fungus; dipfia, skin]. A genus of fungi forming like a membrane upon or in fermenting liquors. M. aceti, the micro- organism of acetous fermentation, constituting thfc mother of vinegar. M. albicans, Saccharomyces albicans, q.v. M. of Beer, acetic skin ; a pellicle composed of fungi found on the surface of beer and other liquids deficient in fruit acids. M. sacchari and M. vini, alcoholic ferments. See under Bac- teria, Synonymatic Table of. Mycodermis (mi-ko-der' -mis) [^iffiff, fungus ; Stpfia, skin]. A genus of microbic or fungoid organisms,- species of which have been reported as found in the squamse of certain skin-diseases, especially favus. Mycodeimiiis (mi-ko-der-mi'-tis) [jui/cof, mucus; Sip/J.a, skin ; ing, inflammation]. Inflammation of a mucous surface. Mycodermosphacelus ( mi - ko - der - mo - sfas'- el -us) [/i^KOf, mucus; Sipfia, skin; a^d/ce/lof, gangrene]. A gangrenous affection of the mucous membrane of any part. Mycoaesmoids (mi - ho - dez'- moids) [(t/i/oyf , fungus ; dia/j,/!, a bundle ; eldoc, like]. A disease of horseS characterized by circumscribed growths in the con' nective tissue. See Micrococcus botryogenus, Rabei under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. MYCODIARRHEA 825 MYDRIASIS Mycodiarrhea (mi-ko-di-ar-e'-ah) [fivKaq, fungus ; Sia, through; jiola, a flow]. I. A mycotic diarrhea, z. A mucous diarrhea. Mycodysenteria (mi-ko-dis-en-te' -re-ah) \jihmq, mucus ; dvaevrepia, dysentery]. Catarrhal dysentery. Mycodyspnea {mi-ko-disp-ne' -aK) \jii)«xt^, mucus ; dtif-, difficult ; 'Kv'euv, to breathe] . Dyspnea due to accu- mulations of mucus in the air-passages. Mycogastritis (mi - ho - gas - tri'- lis) \_/iiiiiog, mucus ; yaSTr/p, stomach; trig, inflammation]. Catarrhal gas- tritis. Myoography (nd-kog' -ra-fe) . Synonym of Mycology. Mycohemia {mi-ko-hem' -e-ah) [jivKr/g, fungus; al/ia, blood]. A generic name for affections caused by the presence of micro5rganisms in the blood. Mycoid (mi'-koid) [|U()(£)?f, fungus ; eWof, form]. Re- sembling, or appearing like, a fungus ; fungoid. Mycology {mi-kol ' -o-je) \jivia)g, a fungus ; Aiiyof, sci- ence]. In biology, the science of fungi. Mycomycetes [mi-ko-mi-se' -tsz) [jivurig, fungus] . Fungi reproducing by oospores or zygospores. Myconostoc [mi-ko-nos'-lok) [fivK,ri(, fungus ; nostoc] . A genus of schizomycetes. M. gregarium, a species of microorganisms arranged in interlacing threads and surrounded by a gelatinous capsule ; it is probably identical with Cladolhrix dichotoma. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Mycophagy {mi-koff'-aj-e) [/iUKi^c, a fungus ; ayecv, to eat]. In biology, the eating of fungi. Mycophlyzacium (mi-ko-fliz-a' -se-uni) \jLvinog, mucus ; (jiXvl^aiaov, a small blister] . A blister or pustule upon a mucous surface. Mycophthalmia (mi-koff-thal' -me-aK) \ja)Krig, fungus; oilSakjua, ophthalmia]. Ophthalmia due to a fungus. Mycophthisis. [mi-koff'-this-is). Synonym of Bron- chorrhea. Mycophylaxin (mi-ko-fil-aks' -iti) [jiiiK^g, a fungus ; iiiTia^, a protector]. Any microbicidal phylaxin. See Proteids, Defensive. Mycopneumonypostasis {mi-ko-nu-mon-ip-os' -tas-is) \jmsag, mucus; -KvevfixM, lung; virdaTacrig, settling]. The settling of the mucus in the dependent portions of the lungs. Mycoprotein {mi-ko-pro' -te-in) \jj,vKrig, a fungus ; pro- tein (from wpoTog, first); Mulder's terra for the hypo- thetic substance common to all albuminous bodies] , C, 52.32 per cent.; H, 7.55 per cent. ; N, 14.75 P^r cent. In biology, the vegetable albuminoid or proto- plasmic substance of bacteria, first analyzed and de- scribed by Nencki ; fungus-protein. It contains no sulphur and no phosphorus, and is not precipitated by alcohol. Mycorthopnea {mik-or-tkop-ne'-ah) [^iicof, mucus ; opSiif, straight ; Trvom, breathing]. Orthopnea caused by excessive secretion of mucus in the bronchial tubes. Mycose {mi'-koz) l/iiiiaig, fungus], CjjH^jOjj + 2H5,0. Trehalose, a substance that occurs in several species of fungi, in ergot of rye, and in the oriental Trehala. It is distinguished from cane-sugar by its ready solu- bility in alcohol, greater stability, and stronger rotatory power. It does not reduce copper-solutions. See Carbohydrates, Table of. Mycosis [mi-ko' -sis) [jihurig, fungus]. Granuloma fungoides ; Eczema hypertrophicum ; Inflammatory fungoid neoplasm; Lymphoderraa perniciosa; Ul- cerative scrofuloderma ; Fibroma fungoides. I . Any disease of the skin characterized by soft mammillated tiimors, showing an abnormal growth of lymphatic glands, which frequently develop into fungous ulcers. 2. A mucous tumor or polypoid growth. 3 . The in- fluence of microphytes upon the health or disease of the body. 4. Any disease caused by the presence of pathogenic microbes in the organism. M., Acute, of the Blood, a name proposed by Neelsen for septic intoxication from the presence of microbes in the blood. M. fungoides. Sise Granuloma fungoides. M. furfuracea. Synonym of Pityriasis versicolor. M. intestinalis. Synonym of Anthrax. M. micro- sporina. Synonym of Tinea versicolor. M. oris, the disease caused by Oidium albicans or Leptothrix buccalis, consisting of grayish or black deposits on the tongue and buccal mucosa, usually with constitutional symptoms. M.pulmonum. See Pneumonomycosis. M. pustulosa, parasitic sycosis; also impetigo. M. tonsillaris benigna, the name applied by Frankel to a peculiar form of pharyngeal disease induced by the undue accumulation of leptothrix upon the pha- ryngeal structures. The condition is also called by Heryng " Pharyngomykosis leplothricia." M., Toxic, of the Blood, putrid intoxication or sapremia, death being due to poisoning by ptomains. HLycosozia!i{mi-ko-so' -zin) [fifitf^g, a fungus ; ,(Tufe«', to save]. Any sozin that acts by the destruction of microbes. See Proteids, Defensive. Mycothrix [mi-koth' -riis) l/iiiic^g, fungus ; dpi^, hair]. The thread-like element in the structure of a micro- coccus. Mycotic {mi-kot'-ik) \jj.vKrig, fungus]. Cliaracterized by mycosis ; due to the presence of some pathogenic microorganism. M. Endocarditis, that due to mi- croorganismal infection. A synonym of ulcerative or malignant endocarditis. Mycterophonia (mik-ter-o-fo' -ne-ah) \_iivKTijp, nose ; ^imfi, voice]. A nasal quality of the voice. Mydalein [mi-da' -le-in) [jivSaAeog, putrid]. A ptomain obtained from putrefying cadaveric organs. It is present in liver, spleen, etc., after some days of putre- faction, but it is not obtainable before the third or fourth week. It has a specific action as a poison, producing maximum dilatation of the pupil, injection of the ear- vessels, elevation of temperature, peristaltic action of the intestines. Post-mortem examination shows contraction of the bladder and intestines, and the stopping of the heart in diastole. Animals recover from small doses. See Ptomains, Table of. Mydatoxin {mi-dat-oks' -in) \jivdativ, to be wet ; tq^lkSv, poison] , CjHjjNOj. A ptomain obtained from horse- flesh and human flesh after four months of decomposi- tion. It is toxic, producing lacrymation, diarrhea, and dyspnea in animals , but is not an active poison. A base, C,HjjN02, with which it-is associated, is, however, a very violent poison, producing effects partly like those of curara and partly like those of mussel-poisoning — paralysis a few minutes after injection, with preserva- tion of certain reflexes while the animal cannot move from its place. The same effects are produced by mydatoxin, but more slowly. See Ptomains, Table of. Mydesis [mi-de'-sis) \jiv6av, to be damp]. Putrefac- tion; also, a discharge of pus from the eyelids. Mydin (mi' -din) \_)ivSog, damp, decay], CgHjjNO- A non-poisonous ptomain obtained by Brieger from the putrefaction of human internal organs. The free base is strongly alkaline, has an ammoniacal odor, and is characterized by its strong reducing-properties. See Ptomain;, Table of. Mydriasis {mid-ri' -as-is) \jiv^p'm.aig, mydriasis]. Ab- normal dilatation of the pupil of the eye. The word is also used to denote paralysis of the accommodation, an effect resulting from the use of most mydriatics. M., Paralytic, that due to paralysis of the oculo-motor nerve. M., Spasmodic, M., Spastic, that form caused by over-action of the sympathetic or dilator nerve of the iris. M., Spinal, that produced by irritation of the cilio-spinal center of the cord. MYDRIATIC 826 MYELOHYPH^ Mydriatic (mid-re-af -ik) \jniSpiaa{.^, dilatation of the pupil]. I. Causing mydriasis, or paralysis of the ciliary miiscle. 2. A medicine or agent that causes mydriasis, or dilatation of the pupil. Myectopy (mi-ek' -to-pe) \ji-v^, muscle ; iKrovog, dis- placed]. The abnormal placement of a muscle. Pdyedema {tni-e-de^-mah). Synonym of Myoidema. Myel {mi'-el) \_fivtX6q, marrow]. The spinal cord. Myelalgia [mi-el-al' -je-ah) [fiveUq, marrow; dA/of, pain]. Any pain in the spinal cord. PAyelalgic {mi-el-al^ -jik) [/zueXof, marrow ; d/iyof , pain]. Pertaining to or characterized by myelalgia. Myelanalosis (mi-el-an-al-o' -sis) \_fivtUq, marrow ; avdAuCTif, wasting]. Same as Myelatrophy; tabes dorsalis. Myelapoplexy (mi-el-ap' -o-pleks-e) \jivtU(;, myelon ; h-Kcm'hi^ia, a stupor]. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord. Myelasthenia (mi-el-as-the' -ne-aK) \jivt'k6i;, myelon ; iwQkvtia^ weakness]. Spinal neurasthenia. My^latelia (mi- el- at- e'-le-aK) {jvotU^, myelon; a priv. ; Tthjoq, completion] . Imperfect development of spinal marrow or of bone-marrow. Myelatrophia, Myelatrophy {mi-el-at-ro'-fe-ah, mi-el- at^-ro-fe) [/ive^ldf, marrow; arpot^ia^ wasting]. Any wasting or atrophy of the spinal cord due to spinal disease. Myelauxe [mi-el-awks' -e) [/ive/ldf, marrow ; ai^rj, in- crease]. Morbid enlargement of the myel. Myelaxis {mi-el-aks'-is) [jiveUg, myelon ; axis, axis]. The neural, or cerebro-spinal, axis. Myelemia (mi-el-e'-me-ah). Synonym of Myelogenic Leukemia. Myelencephal {ini-el-en-sef'-al'). Same as Myelen- cephalon. Myelencephalic [mi-el-en-sef-al' -ik) [/iiicAdf, myelon ; iym(paXog, brain]. Relating to the myelencephalon. tllye\sncei>ha.\oT\[mi-el-en-sef'-al-on). I. The cerebro- spinal axis. 2. See Metencephalon. Myeleterosis {mi - el - et - er - 0' - sis) [jjlveUq, marrow; irtpaai^, alteration]. Any morbid alteration of the spinal cord. Myelic {mi-el' -ik) \_iive7[,6(, marrow]. Pertaining to the myel. Myelin {mi'-el-in) [fivM^, marrow], Cj^Hj^NPOm. A name given by Thudichum to a substance obtained from the white matter of the brain. It occurs usually as a white, amorphous, ivory-like mass, but crystallizes from an ethereal or alcc(holic solution. In a wider sense, any member of the myelin group may be called amyelin. Upomyelin, Paromyelin, Amido-myelin,a.nA Sphingo-myelin differ from myelin mainly in contain- ing one or more additional nitrogenous radicles. The "white substance of Schwann" and the ordinary brain-juice are also called myelin. See Organo- therapy. Myelinic [mi-el-in' -i/i) [/ive/ldf, marrow]. Relating to myelin. M. Nerve-fiber, the meduUated nerve-fiber. Myelitic {mi-el-if -ik) [jivsUi;, marrow; mf, inflamma- tion]. Pertaining to or affected with myelitis. Myelitis {mi-el-V -tis) \_fiveUq, marrow ; iTriyvvvai, to burst forth] . Hemorrhage into the spinal cord. Myelosaxcovaa. ^mi-el-o-sar-io'-maA). Same as Os/eo- sarcoma. Myelosclerosis {mi-el-o-skle-ro' -sis) \jivsU^, marrow; niihipiq, hard]. Sclerosis of the spinal cord or of the marrow of bones. Myelosis {mi-el-o' -sis) [/iwAiif, marrow]. The growth or existence of a myeloma. Myelospongium [mi-el-o-spun' -je-um) \_fivsUQ, mar- row ; airdyyog, sponge] . A network in the wall of the neural canal of the embryo, composed of processes given off' by the outer extremities of the columnar cells called spongioblasts. Myelospongus {mi-el-o-spun' -gus) [(UueWc, marrow ; andyyoQ, a fungus]. An encephaloid growth. Myelosyringosis {mi'-el-o-si-rin-go'-sis). Synonym of Syringomyelia. Myelovaricosis {mi-el-o-var-ik-o' -sis) \jivtUi, mar- row ; varix, varix]. A varicosity of the rayelin- sheath of a nerve-fiber, or the formation of one. Myelozoon {mi-el-o-zo' -on [|UjJcA(Sf, marrow; f^Jov, life]. A vertebrate possessing a spinal cord, but no brain. Myelyperemia {mi-el-ip-er-e' -me-ah) \jiveU(, marrow ; vnip above ; alfia, blood]. Hyperemia of the spinal cord. Myenergia {mi-en-er' -je-aK) \jaiq, muscle; hipyeia, energy] . Muscular energy. Myenergic [mi-en-er' -jik) [jj-vq, muscle; ivipyeia, energy]. Relating to myenergia. Myentasis ( mi-en' -tas-is) [ fiv^, muscle ; ivraui^, stretch]. The extension or stretching of a muscle. Myenteric {mi-en-ter'-ik) [/ivg, muscle ; IvTspov, intes- tine] . Relating to the muscular coat of the intestine. Myiasis {mi-i'-as-is) \_/j.vm, fly] . See Myiasis. Myiocephalon {mi-i-o-sef -al-on) \jivia, fly; Kt^a7\,ii, head]. A minute prolapse of the iris through a cor- neal perforation, so called from its resemblance to the head of a fly. Myiodeopsia {mi - i-o-de - op' - se - ah) , Myiodesopsia {mi-i-o-des-op' -se-ah) [jivL&SrK, fly-like; 6i/)tf, vision]. The subjective appearance of muses volitantes. Myiosis {mi' -i-o-sis) \ji,via, a fly]. Hugo Summe's term for the diseased condition produced by the pres- ence of parasitic dipterous larvs, and incorrectly called Myasis by Hope, and Myiasis by Joseph. The pre- sence of larvae of flies, or maggots, in or on the body, as in the nose or ear, in a wound, or upon mucous membranes. M. aurium, M. narium, M. vulnerum, the presence of maggots in the ears, nose and wounds respectively. The disease is known in the East as Peenash. Myistos, Myistus {mi-is' -tos, mi-is' -tus) [/^Sf , muscle ; Xarb^, tissue]. Muscular tissue. Myitis {mi-i'-tis) \jiv^, muscle; «r(f, inflammation]. Inflammation of a muscle. Mykosis {mi-ko'-sis). See Mycosis. Mylabris {mil-ab' -ris) [jivka^pi^, from pM\ri, mill]. A genus of old-world blister-flies, some of which are used like cantharides. Unof. Mylacephalus {mi-las-ef -al-us) \jiveU(;, massive ; a. priv. ; Kst^aXi], head] . The lowest variety of the aceph- alous species of omphalositic monsters. There is such imperfect development of the fetus that the condition is but a degree above that of fatus amorphus or foetus anideus. Mylacri {mil' -ak-ri) [/ivTuiKplg , mill-stone] . The molar teeth. Mylacris {mil' -ak-ris) [jivXaKpiq]. The patella. Myle {mi'-le) [jiVkn, mill]. I. Uterine mole. 2. Pa- tella. 3. Maxilla. Mylic {mil'-ik) \_p.iihi, mill]. Pertaining to the molar teeth ; relating to a uterine mole. Mylo- {mi'-lo-) \_iJ.vU^, mill]. A prefix denoting con- nection with the lower jaw or the molar teeth. Mylodus {mi-lo'-dus) [fivhj, mill ; oSoii^, tooth : pi. , Mylodontes], A molar tooth. Myloglossus {mi-lo-glos' -us) [/ivlr/, mill ; yVjaaa, tongue] . A portion of the superior constrictor of the MYLOHYOID 828 MYOGRAM pharynx — that which arises from the mylo-hyoid ridge of the lower jaw. Also, an anomalous slip joining the styloglossus. Mylohyoid, Mylohyoidean {mi-lo-hi'-oid, mi-lo-hi- oid-e'-an) [jj.b'kri, mill ; voeidfj^, hyoid]. Pertaining to the lower molar teeth and the hyoid bone. M. Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. Mynsicht's Elixir, Aromatic sulphuric acid. Myo- (mi'-o-) [//if, a muscle] . A prefix signifying mus- cle. M.-albuminose, one of the proteids of muscle- plasma, closely associated with the myosin-ferment. See Muscle-plasma. M'.-albumose, Myoproteose ; a proteid substance of muscle-plasma closely connected, or identical, with the myosin-ferment, and having the general properties of deutero-alburaose. M. -globu- lin, a substance obtained from muscle, closely resem- bling serum-globulin in its properties. Its coagulation- temperature is 63° C, however, while that of serum- globulin is 75° C MyoatTophy (mi-o-af -ro-fe") \jai%, muscle ; aTpo(pia, atrophy]. Atrophy of a muscle. Myoblast {tni' -o-blast) [/liiJf, muscle; P'XaaT6(, germ]. In biology, a muscle-forming cell ; a descendant of the cells which at an early stage of the metazoan embryo sink below the level of the epithelium to which they belonged. M. epitheliales, epithelial muscular cells, neuro-muscular cells, tela muscularis epithelialis. M. mesodermales, mesodermal muscular cells, tela muscularis mesodermalis. Myoblastic [mi-o-blas' -tik) [fiv^, muscle ; pXaard;, germ]. Relating to or of the nature of a myo- blast. Myocarditis (mi-o-kar-di' -US') [/iif, muscle; KapSia, heart ; in;, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mus- cular tissue of the heart ; it may be parenchymatous or interstitial. M., Segmenting, a form characterized by separation of the muscle-cells from softening of the cement-substance. Myocardium (mi-o-kar' -de-um) [fivq, muscle ; MpSla, heart]. The muscular structure of the heart. Myocele {mi'-o-sll) [/aiq, muscle; /c^/l^, tumor]. The protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath. tli.yoceXiaXg.ia. [mi-o-se-le-al' -je-ah) [/iif, muscle ; KoMa, cavity; aXyog, pain]. Pain in the muscles of the abdomen. Myocelitis [mi-o-se-li'-tis') \_iAi, muscle ; KoiVia, cavity ; LTLQ, inflammation]. Inflammation of the abdominal . muscles. Myocelome [mi-o-se' -lorn) [//tif, muscle ; miVia, cavity]. The cavity of a protovertebra or myotome. Myocephalon (mi-o-sef -al-on) . Synonym of Myio- cephalon. Myochorditis [mi-o-kor-di'-tis) [p-v;, muscle ; xop^^t cord ; irif, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscles of the larynx and the vocal bands. t/lyochrome {mi' -o-irom) [|Utif, muscle ; xp'-'l^'^'i color]. Myohematin, q. v. Myochronoscope {mi-o-kro' -no-siop) \_pvg, muscle ; Xpdvcig, time ; amwu'iv, to examine]. An instrument for measuring the rapidity of muscular contraction or the propagation of a nerve-stimulus through a muscle. Myoclonia (mi-o-klo'-ne-ah) \_pvQ, muscle ; kUvos, spasm]. Clonic spasm of the muscles. Myoclonus (vii-ok' -lo-nus) \_p.vq, muscle ; kUmo;, clonus]. Clonic spasm of a muscle, or of various muscles. M. multiplex. See Paramyoclonus mul- tiplex. Myocoele {vii' -o-sll) [/iif (//"(if) , a muscle ; imikla, a cavity]. Hatschek's term for the thick epithelium of the ental wall of the dorsal segments of the am- phioxus larva, which produces the muscles of the entodermal side of the cavity of the segments. Myocolpitis {mi-o-kol-pi' -tis) \jm;, muscle ; kIiXtco;, vagina ; trif, inflammation]. Inflammation of the muscular coat of the vagina. Myocomma (mi-o-kom'-ah) \jivq, muscle ; K6p,fia, seg- ment: pi., Myocommala\ Any one of the trans- verse segments into which embryonic muscle-tissue is divided. -In adult man, some of the muscles exhibit traces of these primitive myocommata. A myotome, or muscular metamere, a segment of the grand muscle lateral of Cuvier. Myocrismus (mi-o-kriz' -mus) [/iSf , muscle ; xpit^uv, to creak]. A creaking sound heard over muscles during contraction. Myoctonin (mi-ok' -to-nin') \ja)(;, mouse ; kte'iveiv, to kill]. A bitter extractive of Aconitum lycoctonum, a powerful poison resembling curare in action. Unof. Myocyst {mi'-o-sist) \jiv(, muscle; KiiariQ, cyst]. A cystic tumor of a muscle. Myocyte {mi'-o-slt) \_pvQ, muscle; kvtoq, cell]. A muscle-cell ; a structural element conspicuous in the histology of certain of the lower animals. Myodemia [mi-o-de' -me-a/i) [//wf, muscle ; Sripdq, fat]. The fatty degeneration of muscle. Myoderma {mi-o-der' -mah) \jivq (./ivog), a muscle; Skpfm, the skin]. In biology, the muscular layer or " lamina muscularis ' ' of the invertebrate ectoplasm. Cf. Myophan. Myodes (mi-o'-des) \_iivq, muscle; elSoq, like]. I. Re- sembling muscle; muscular. 2. The platysma, or fleshy expansion of the neck. See Muscles, Table of, Myodesopsia (mi-o-dez-ops' -e-aK) See Myiodesopsia. Myodiastasis (mi-o-di-as' -tas-is) \_pv;, muscle ; did, a part ; OTfiaiq, a standing] . i . The separation that takes place between the ends of a cut muscle. 2. The traumatic injury of a muscle by straining or Stretching. Myodopsia [mi-o-dop'-se-ak). Synonym oi Myiodesopsia. Myodynamia (mi-o-di-na' -me-ah) [pvq, muscle ; Sv- vanig, force]. Muscular power or strength. Myodynamic [mi-o-di-nam' -ik) [w, muscle ; dvva/itg, power]. Pertaining to the force of muscular contrac- tion. My odynamics {mi-o-di-nam' -lis) [//if, muscle; Svva/u(, power] . The mechanics of muscular action. Myodynamometer {mi-o-di-nam-om' -et-er) [/ivf, mus- cle ; 6iiva/MQ, power ; phpov, measure] An instru- ment for measuring muscular strength. Myodynia {mi-o-din' -e-ah) [/iSf, muscle ; orfiT^, pain] . Pain in the muscles. Myoendocarditis \mi-o-en-do-kar-di'-tis) [pvQ, muscle ; EvSog, within; KapSia, heart; ltiq, inflammation]. Simultaneous inflammation of the endocardium and the myocardium. Myofibroma (mi-o-f-bro' -mah) [jj.vq, muscle; fibra, fiber; bfia, tumor: pi., Myofibromata']. A muscular tumor containing fibrous elements. Such tumors are common in the walls of the uterus. Myogaster {mi' -o-gas-ter)\_pv( , muscle ; yaaTi/p, belly]. The belly of a muscle. Myogenesis {mi-o-Jen' -es-is) [//iif, muscle ; yive(!lg^ genesis] . The development of muscular tissue. Myogenic {mi-o-jen' -ik) [pvi;, muscle; yevvav, to pro. duce]. Of muscular origin. Myognathus {mi-og' -na-thus) [/iiif, muscle ; yv&Bo(, jaw]. A form of double monstrosity in which the accessory head is joined to the autosite by means of muscle and integument only. Myogonic {mt'O-gon'-ik) \_p.v;, muscle ; yiyveoBat, to be born]. Inherent in muscle, as contractile power. Myogram (rni'-o-gratn) [//if, muscle ; yp&fipa, a marking]. The muscle-curve as inscribed by the myograph. MYOGRAPH 829 MYOPATHIC Myograph (»ii'-o-graf) [/iSf , muscle ; ypdieiv, to write]. An instrument for determining the duration of each phase of a muscular contraction. M., Cardiac, the cardiograph, y. v. M., Palate, an in- SCHEME OF V. HeLMHOLTZ'S MYOGRAPH. M. Muscle fixed in a clamp, K. F. Writing styled P. Weight or counterpoise for the lever. W. Scale-pan for -weights. S, S. Supports for the lever. strument that records the movements of the uvula and soft palate during speaking and swallowing. It consists of a rod which is introduced through the nose and rests against the soft palate, while the other end records the movements on a drum. Myographer {mi-og' -ra-fer) [/iif, muscle; ypa^nv, to write]. One versed in myography. Myographic [mi-o-graf'-ik) [/iSf, muscle ; ypd^eiv, to write] . Pertaining to a myograph. Myographion (nii-o-graf -e-on) \jm^, muscle ; ypitfieiv, to write]. A myograph. Myographist (mi-og' -ra-fist") [/iif , muscle ; ypd(, muscle; olSri/ia, a, swelling]. The wheal brought out by a sharp tap on a muscle in certain conditions of exhaustion. Myoides (mi-oi'-dez) [^liic, muscle ; elSo(, like]. The platysma. See Muscles, Table of. Myolemma (mi-o-lem'-ah) [/iSf , muscle ; M/i/ia, cover- ing]. The thin membrane enveloping the fibrillse of muscle. Same as Sarcolemma. Myolemmatic (mi-o-lem-at'-ik) \jJ,vg, muscle ; T^ji/ia, covering]. Pertaining to the myolemma. Myolin (mi'-o-lin). See Myosin. Myolipoma (mi-o-Hp-o' -mah) [/ivf, muscle ; Vltto^, fat ; bjia, tumor : //., Myolipomatd\. A myoma with lipom- atous elements. Myologic (mi-o-loj'-ii) [jivg, muscle ; X&yog, science] . Pertaining to myology. Myologist (mi-ol' -o-jisi) [/idf, muscle ; ^dyof, science]. One versed in myology. Myology (mi-ol' -o-Je) [/iwf, muscle ; \6yog, science] . The science of the nature, structure, functions, and diseases, of muscles. Myoma (mi-o'-maK) [fivQ, muscle ; 6/ia, tumor : //. , Myomata\. A muscular tumor. Also, an affection marked by the growth in the skin of small, sessile, freely movable, isolated, reddish tumors consisting of involuntary muscular fibers. If small and multiple, they are called lio-myomata ; if there is but a single large tumor, it is called a dartolc myoma ; if the tumors contain much fibrous tissue, they are called fibro- myomata ; if vascular and erectile, angio-myomata ; if the lymphatics are involved, lymphangio-myomata. M., Fibro-. 'Si^^ Myofibroma. M., Lio-. SeeZza- myoma. M., Rhabdo-. See Rhabdomyoma. Myomalacia (mi-o-mal-a' -se-aK) [^if, muscle ; juikaida, softening]. An abnormal softening of the muscles. M. cordis, fatty degeneration and softening of a por- tion of the heart-muscle, resulting from thrombosis or embolism. Myomatous (mi-o' -mat-us) [/iif , muscle ; ofia, tumor]. Of the nature of a myoma. Myomectomy (mi-o-mek' -to-me) [^Sf, muscle ; S/za, tumor; ckto/i^, excision]. Surgical removal of a uterine or other myoma. Myomelanosis (mi-o-mel-an-o' -sis) \jiv(, muscle ; fieTi,- avuai(, a becoming black]. The presence of a black- ish coloration in muscular tissue. Myomere (mi'-o-mlr) [^/J-vg, a muscle; /iipog, a part]. In biology, a muscular flake or metamere; a myo- comma or myotome. Myometer (mi-om'-et-er) [/uif, muscle ; fiMrpov, meas- ure] . An instrument for measuring the shortening of a muscle in contracting. Myometritis (mi-o-met-ri' -tis) [jivq, muscle ; fiiiTpa, uterus ; itcq, inflammation]. Inflammation of the uterine muscular tissue. Myomotomy (mi-o-mot'-o-me') \jivq, muscle ; bfia, tumor; ro/z^, a cutting]. The operation of excising fibro-myomata of the uterus. Myon (mi' -on) \ji\i(dv, a cluster of muscles]. A unit of musculation ; a group of muscles viewed as an integer. Myonarcosis (mi-o-nar-ko' -sis) [/iSf , muscle ; vipioMug, numbness]. Numbness of the muscles. Myoneoplasma (mi-o-ne-o-plaa' -mah) \jivg, muscle; viog, new; ir?iaa/xa, formation: //. , Myoneoplasmafa'\. A myoma or muscular neoplasm. Myoneuralgia (^mi -o-nu- ral' -je ■ ah) [fivq, muscle ; vevpov, nerve ; akyog, pain]. Neuralgic muscular pain. Myonicity (mi-o-nis' -it-e) \jivg, muscle]. The power of living muscle to contract and to relax. Myonitis (mi-on-i' -tis)\jivg, muscle; trif, inflammation]. Synonym of Myositis. Myonosus (mi-on' -o-sus) [yitSf, muscle ; viSffOf, disease] . A disease of the muscles. Myopachynsis (mi - o -pak - in' - sis) \_livq, muscle ; T^axwaig, thickening]. Muscular hypertrophy. M. lipomatosa. See Paralysis, Pseudo-hypertrophic. Myopalmus (mi-o-paV -mus) \jivg, muscle ; TraX/idc, a twitch].' A twitching of the muscles. Myoparalysis (mi-o -par - al' - is - is) \jLvq, muscle ; ■Kapakvaig , paralysis] . Paralysis resulting from mus- cular abnormality, without affection of the nervous centers or nerves. Myopathic (mi-o-path' -ik) \jAq, muscle ; Tradog, disease] . Relating to or of the nature of a myopathy. M. Muscular Atrophy ; Erb includes under this head pseudo-hypertrophic muscular paralysis, juvenile mus- cular atrophy, and infantile paralysis. The three are classed together as Dystrophia muscularis pro- MYOPATHY 830 MYOSINOGEN gressiva. M. Facies, "fades myopathique ; " a peculiar form of expression seen in infantile forms of myopathic muscular atrophy. It is characterized by imperfect movement of the facial muscles, sinking in of the cheeks, and drooping of the lower lip. Myopathy (ini-op' -ath-e) \jiv^, muscle ; irdBog, suffering] . Any disease of a muscle or of the muscular system. Myope (mi' -dp) l/ivuip, short-sighted]. A person affected with myopia. Myopericarditis [mi-o-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [fivq, muscle ; Trepj, around ; /capdi'o, heart ; (Tif, inflammation]. A combination of pericarditis with myocarditis. Myophagocyte [mi-o-fag' -o-s'if) [/ttif, muscle; ^aytlv, to eat ; kvtoq, cell]. Metschnikoff's termfor a phago- cyte produced from muscular tissue. Myophan [mi'-o-fan) [/iv;, muscle ; (jtaiveiv, to appear] . In biology, an ectoplasmic layer containing muscle- fibrillse, found in many invertebrates (Infusoria). Cf. M)'oderfna. Myophone [mi'-o-fon) [^Sf, muscle; ^uv^, sound]. An instrument for hearing the sounds produced during the contraction of a muscle. Myophonia [mi-o-fo' -ne- ah) [/iif, muscle; ^ui^, sound]. Muscle-sound. Myophore [mi' -o-for)\_iivQ, muscle; (jiipcLv, to bear]. In biology, any specialized apparatus for the attachment of a muscle. Myophorous (mi-off' -or-us) [i"i)f, muscle ; fipeiv, to bear]. Relating to or connected with a muscle, as a myophore. Myophrisc {mi' -o-frisk) \jA(, a muscle; (pp'mauv, to ruffle or throw into npples]. In biology, contrac- tile, filamentous processes supposed to perform hydro- static functions, found arranged on the sarcodyctium in a circle around each skeletal spine of the Acantko- metrida among the Protozoa. Myophysical (mi-o-fiz' -ik-al) [/iif, muscle ; ^vami), physics]. Appertaining to the physics of muscular action. Myophysics (mi-o-fiz' -iks) [^if, muscle; ^mrnii}, phys- ics]. The physics of muscular action. Myopia (mi-o' -pe-aK) [jAtiv, to close ; ilii/', eye ; myopes having the habit of partially closing the lids to avoid spheric aberration]. Near-sightedness ; an optic defect, usually due to too great length of the antero-posterior diameter of the globe, whereby the focal image is formed in front of the retina. M., High, a degree of The Formation of the Image in a Myopic Evb, in front of the retina. myopia greater than 6.5 diopters. M., Low, one less than two diopters. M., Malignant, rapidly progress- ing myopia. M., Progressive, continuous increase of myopia, due to increasing elongation of the eyeball . Myopic (mi-op' -ik) \jiveiv, to close; dji//, eye]. Per- taining to or having the nature of myopia. Near- sighted. M. Crescent, a yellowish-white, crescentic area about the papilla, due to atrophy or breaking away of the choroid, and exposure of the sclerotic ; it is seen in myopia, but often, also, in other refractive derangements. Myopiesis (mi-o-pi' -es-is) Xfiv^, muscle ; meai;, press- ure]. The squeezing or kneading of a muscle as a therapeutic measure. Myopiosis (mi-o-pi-o'-sts). Synonym oi Afyopia. Myoplast (mi' - -plast) [/ivf, muscle ; 'KUaauv, to mold]. A muscle-producing cell. Myoplastic (mi-o-plas' -tik) \jai^, muscle ; ■nXaarsziv, to mold] . Producing muscle ; pertaining to a myoplast. M. Bodies, the embryonic cells from which muscular fibers are developed. Myoplegia (mi-o-ple' -je-aK) [^vf, muscle ; irlr/yli,. a stroke]. A condition of diminished muscular power, or of muscular paresis. Myopodiorthosis {mi-o-po-di-or-tho' -sis) . Synonym of Myoporihosis . Myopolar (mi-o-po' -lar) \jaiq, muscle ; ffd/lof, pole]. Pertaining to muscular polarity, electric or other. Myoporthosis (mi-o-por-tho' -sis) l/iiiaip, near-sighted; opffd^, straight]. The correction of myopia. Myopresbytia (mi-o-pres-bish' -e-ah) \jii]a\^, near- sighted ; ■n-peapiTT/g, old-sighted] . Combined myopia and presbyopia. Myopioieose' (mi-o-pro'-ieoz). See Myoalbumose. Myopsia (mi-ops' -e-aK). Synonym of Myiodesopsia. Myopsin (mi-ops' -in) . A powerful proteolytic substance said by Defresne to occur in pancreatic juice. Myopy (mi'-o-pe). Synonym oi Myopia. Myorrheuma (mi-or-u' -mah) []uiif, a muscle ; ^evfia, a flow]. A synonym of Muscular Rheumatism or Myalgia. Myorrhexia, Myorrhexis (mi - or ■ eks' -e-ah, mi-or- eks'-is) [|Uif, muscle; /ii7f/.f, a tearing]. Laceration or rupture of a muscle. Myosalgia (mi-o-sal' -je-ah). See Myalgia. Myosarcoma (mi-o-sar-ko' -mah) [jJ-vg, muscle ; ffdpf, flesh; fi|Ua, tumor, pi., Myosarcomata']. A sarcoma with myomatous elements, or one that has originated in a myoma. Myosarcomatous (mi-o-sar-ko' -mat-us) [/ivg, muscle; oiipf, flesh ; biia, tumor]. Affected with, or of the nature of, myosarcoma. Myosclerosis (mi-o-skle-ro' -sis) \jiA>g, muscle ; aKXT/pd;, hard]. A temporary hardening of a muscle, often of the sterno-cleido-mastoid, sometimes seen in young infants. Myosclerotic (mi-o-skle-rof -ik) [utif , muscle ; cAripdg, hard]. Pertaining to the hardening of muscles, espe- cially from connective- tissue overgrowth. M. Paral- ysis. See Paralysis, Pseudo-hypertrophic. Myoscope (mi'-o-skop) [p-vg, muscle ; OKowelv to in- spect]. An apparatus used in observing the contrac- tion-phenomena of muscles. Myoseism (mi-o-se'-izm) , Myoseismia (mi-o-se-iz' -me- ah) [p-vg, muscle ; auafi6g, a shake] . A symptom that consists in repeated stops in the course of muscular contractions by which the whole movement is rendered jerky. When this jerky movement affects the ocular muscles, it causes an irregularity that may be mistaken for nystagmus. A similar irregularity renders speech and writing jferky and the gait staggering. The pa- tient is unable to maintain his equilibrium with his eyes shut. Myoseptum (mi - - sep' - tuni) [^j)f , muscle ; septum, septum]. The intermuscular septum between the metameres of muscles of certain animals, as of fishes. Myosin (mi'-o-sin) [piuv, muscle]. A proteid of the globulin class, the chief proteid of muscle. Its coag- ulation in muscle after death causes rigor mortis. Hy- drochloric acid converts it into syntonin. It is soluble in dilute saline and dilute alkaline solutions, and in acids ; it is insoluble in water and is precipitated by alcohol. M., Peptone. Synonyra oi My osinose. M., Vegetable, a substance resembling myosin, found in almonds, maize, peas, and other vegetables. Myosinogen (mi-o-sin' -o-jen) [^(luv, muscle ; ytwav, to beget]. One of the proteids of muscle-plasma. MYOSINOSE 831 MYRINGOPLASTIC coagulated at 56° C. It is the antecedent of myosin, into wliich it is converted by a suitable stimulus. See Muscle-plasma. Myosinose {mi-o-sin-oz') \jii)tMi, muscle]. The sub- stance produced by the peptonization of myosin. Two varieties have been found, protomyosinose and deutero- myosinose. Myosis {mi-o'-sis) [fivetv, to close, or fivg, muscle], i. Abnormal smallness of the pupil of the eye ; the same as Miosis. 2. Myopathy. M., Paralytic, that form due to paralysis of the sympathetic or dilator nerve. M., Spastic, that produced by stimulation of the oculo- motor or constrictor nerve. M., Spinal, that depend- ent on disease of the spinal cord. Myositic (mi-o-sif -ik) \jihuv, to close ; fivt;, muscle ; iTif, inflammation]. Pertaining to, or affected with, myosis, or with myositis. Myositis Imi-o-si' -tis) \jaiq, muscle ; nig, inflamma- tion]. Inflammation of muscular tissue, more especially of the connective tissue of muscles. M., Fibrous, M., Interstitial, an inflammation of the connective tissue of muscle. M. interstitialis lipomatosa pro- gressiva paralytica. Synonym of Pseudo-hyper- trophic Muscular Paralysis. M. ossificans, is char- acterized by the formation of osseous deposits in the muscles. M., Specific, M., Syphilitic, that due to syphilis. There may be a deposit of gummata in the muscles. M. trichinosa, that due to the presence of trichina spiralis in the muscles. Myosome (mi'-o-som) [/iif, muscle ; BQ/ia, body]. The contractile substance of muscle. Myospasis {mi-os' -pas-is) \jivQ, muscle ; air&atg, a drawing : pi. , Myospases'\ . A muscular contraction. Myospasm (mi'-o-spazm) \ji-vq, muscle ; anaaiidg, spasm]. A spasmodic contraction of a muscle. A cramp. Myospectroscope (mi-o-spek' -tro-skop) [jwq, muscle; spectrum, spectmra; o/cotteZv, to see]. An instrument for examining the spectroscopic image of a muscle. Myostypsis {mi-o-stip' -sis) [^fivq, muscle ; armpic, a con- tracing]. Muscular contraction ; also any interfer- ence with functional movement. Myosuture {mi-o-su' -tur) [jai;, muscle; sutura, a suture]. Suture of a muscle. Myosystema (mi-o-sis-te' -mah) [/iif, muscle ; avarrifia, system]. A system of muscles. M. circulare, the circular muscle of the sub-umbrella of medusae. M. radiale, the radial muscles of the sub-umbrella of medusae. Myotalgia {mi-o-tal' -je-ah). Synonym of Myalgia. Myotasis {mi-of -as-is) \j&g, muscle ; raaig, a stretch- ing]. Passive tension of a muscle. Myotatic (mi-o-taf -ik) \jivi;, muscle ; rauff , a stretching] . Pertaining to the deep reflexes or contractions of the muscles dependent upon passive tension for their elici- tation. M. Irritability, a term suggested by Gowers to replace the inaccurate one, tendon-reflexes, the tendons not being etiologically connected with the phenomenon. " The irritability on which they de- pend is due to and demonstrative of a muscle reflex action which depends on the spinal cord. ' ' Myotenotomy (mi-o-ten-of -o-me) \jivg, muscle ; Tivuv, tendon; TOfifi, a cutting]. The division of a tendon, when the muscle is able to retract. Myothelium (mi-o-the' -le-um) [/iif, muscle ; Bi^Vi, nipple]. The cellular elements composing a myotome or protovertebra. Myothermic {mi-o-ther' -mik) \jivq, muscle; Sipfait heat] . Pertaining to heat-development in a muscle. Myotic (mz-oy-z/J) [/tiiew, to close]. I. Pertaining to, or causing, myosis. 2. An agent causing myosis, or con- traction of the pupil. The one most used by ophthal- mologists is eserin. Morphin, pilocarpin, muscarin and other drugs also cause contraction of the pupil. Myotility {mi-o-til' -it-e) \ji.vg, muscle] . Muscular con- tractility, or tonicity. Myotome {mi'-o-tom) \ja)q, muscle ; ro^ifi, & cutting]. I. A cutting instrument used in myotomy. 2. The same as Myocomma. Myotomy {mi-ot'-o me) [uif, muscle ; TOfiii, a cutting]. I. Surgical division of a muscle. 2. The incision or dissection of muscles. See Tenotomy. Myotonia (mi-o-to' -ne-ah) [/iif, muscle ; tovoq, ten- sion]. I. Muscular spasm. 2. The stretching of a muscle. M. congenita, M. hereditaria. Thom- sen's disease ; an hereditary neurosis characterized by tonic spasms in the voluntarily moved muscles. See Diseases, Table of. Myotonic {mi-o-ton' -i&) \jj.vq, muscle ; Tovog, tension]. Pertaining to myotonia, or to myotonus. M. Reac- tion. See Thomsen's Disease. Myotonus (mi-of -o-nus) [/iwf, muscle ; rSvog, stretch- ing]. I. Muscular tone, quality, or tension. 2. Tonic muscular spasm. Myotyrbe [mi-o-ter' -be) [/itif, muscle ; Tvp^?/, disorder]. Chorea ; incoordinate muscular movements. Myrabolan [mi-rab' -o-lan) . See Myrobalan, M3a'iachit (mir' -e-ak-it) . See Palmus. Myriagram [mir' -e-ag-ram ) \_fivploi, ten thousand ; ypajijxa, gram]. Ten thousand grams. Myriakit {mir' -e-ak-it). See Palmus. Myrialiter {me-re-al-e'-ter) \_iivpioL, ten thousand ; Xlrpa, liter]. Ten thousand liters. Myriameter (me-re-am-e' -ter) [jivptoi, ten thousand ; ftirpov, a measure]. Ten thousand meters. Myrica [mi-rik'-ah) \^fivp'i,Kri, the tamarisk]. A genus of aromatic shrubs of some 35 known species. M. cerifera, of N. America, M. californica, of the Pacific States, M. cordifolia, M. laciniata, and M. aethiopica, of Africa, M. carcasana, and M. micro- carpa, of tropical America, are among the wax-bear- ing species. The species last named has useful medicinal qualities. .See Myricin, Gale, and Myrtle- wax. M., Oleum, Oil of Myrica; Oil of Bay is the volatile oil of the Bayberry, or West Indian bay- leaf. It is an aromatic, pungent liquid, used chiefly as a perfume and in cosmetics. It is somewhat re- freshing in faintness and headaches. M., Spiritus, " bay rum," contains : oil of bay 16, oil of orange-peel I, oil of pimento I, alcohol 1000, water 782 parts, mixed and filtered through carbonate of magnesia. Myricin [mi'-ris-in) [jivplio], the tamarisk]. A pre- cipitate from a tincture of the root-bark of Myrica cerifera; it is astringent, stimulant, anti-spasmodic, and anti-syphilitic. Dose from I to 3 grains. Uuof. Myricyl (mi-ris'-il) [fivpiiai, the tamarisk ; iAri, mat- ter]. See Melissyl. M. alcohol, CgjIIgjO. A monatomic alcohol derived from beeswax. Myringa, Myrinx {mi-rin'-gah, mi'-ringks) [L. ] . The membrana tympani. Myringitis (mi-rin-ji' -tis) [tnyringa, myrinx, mem- brana tympani; mg, inflammation]. Inflammation of the membrana tympani. Myringodectomy ( mi-rin-go-dek' -to-me ) [ myringa, myringa; £KrO|U7, excision]. Excision of a part or of the whole of the membrana tympani. Myringomycosis ( mi-rin' -go-mi-ko' -sis ) \inyringa, membrana tympani ; iiviajg, fungus]. A fungous growth within the meatus, or on the myringa ; also the dis- eased condition in which such a growth is seen. M. aspergilllna, Wreden'sterm for Otomycosis, q. v. Myringoplastic (mi-rin' -go-plas' -tik) [myringa, mem- brana tympani ; TrAacrTOCiSf , formed] . Pertaining to myr- ingoplasty. M. Method, a method for the cure of MYRINGOPLASTY 832 MYSTAX dry perforation of the ear-membrane, recommended by Berthold, and attended with some success. A piece of sticking-plaster is first laid over the perfora- tion and then pulled off in order to cause irritation of the margins. After this a piece of skin from the arm or elsewhere, or the skin of a hen's egg, is applied to the orifice and the ear carefully plugged. M}rringoplasty {nii-rin' -go-plas-te) \tnyringa, tympanic membrane ; 'KMiaaem, to shape]. Plastic surgery of the membrana tympani. Myringotome (mi-rin' -go-toni) [myringa, myringa; TOfOi, a cutting]. A knife-like instrument used in incision or removal of the membrana tympani. Myringotomy {mi-rin-gof -o-me) \myringa, tympanic membrane; Tojiij, a cutting]. Incision of the tym- panic membrane. Myriosporous (mir-e-os' -po-rus) \jaipioq, numberless ; andpog, seed] . In biology, producing many spores. Myrisma [mi-riz'-mah) [jiiipia/io]. An anointing. Myristate [mi^-ris-tat) \_iivpiaTm6q , fit for anointing], A salt of myristic acid. Myristic Acid {mi-ris'-tik) [/ivpmriKdg, fit for anoint- ing], C,jHjg02. A monobasic acid found in Myris- ticafragravs, in cocoanut oil, in spermaceti, etc. Myristica {mi-ris' -tik-ah) \jivpi,aTui6Q, fit for anoint- ing]. Nutmeg. The kernel of the seed of M.fra- grans, indigenous to the East Indies. Also, the fleshy covering of the fruit called mace. Its proper- ties are duo mainly to the volatile oil. It is an aro- matic stomachic and tonic, and in large doses a powerful narcotic. The oil is sometimes employed as a rubefacient in paralysis and rheumatism, and is much used as a condiment. Dose gr. v-xx. M., Oleum, the volatile oil. Dose Tr\j-v. M., Spiritus, a three per cent, solution in alcohol. Dose 3J-ij. Myristicated Liver {mi-ris' -tik-a-ted). Nutmeg liver, q. V. Myristication (tni-ris-tik-a' -shuti) l/xvpi^eiv, to anoint]. The development of a nutmeg condition of the liver. Myristicin (mi-ris' -tis-in) [^/ivpi^eiv, to anoint]. A peculiar fatty body contained in nutmeg. Myristicol (mi-ris' -tik-ol [fivplt^eLv, to anoint ; oleum, oil], CijHigO. An oily substance extracted from oil of nutmeg. Myristin [mi-ris' -tin) [^/ivpt^eiv, to anoint]. A com- pound of glycerin and myristic acid. Myristone (mi-ris' -ton) [iivpil^uv, to anoint]. The ketone of myristic acid. Myrmecia (mur - me' - se - ah) \^fivpjijjKiA, ants' nest; fiiip/itl^, ant] . A warty growth on the palm or sole. Mjrrmeciasis (mur-me-si' -as-is) [iivpfiri^ , 3.ai\. Formi- cation. Myrmecismus, Myrmecium (mur-me-siz' -mus , mur- me'-se-um). Synonym of Myrmeciasis. Myrmecology (mur - me - kol'-o-je) l_/iip/iJ!^, an ant ; /Wyof, science]. That department of biologic science which treats of ants. Myrmecophilous (mur-me-koff ' -il-us) [jihpfi^^, ant; , ointment ; ^tiKavo^, nut]. Also Myrabolan. The fruit of several species of Terminalia found in India, and other eastern countries, and used in leather-manufactures. The tan- nin occurs in the pulp that surrounds the kernel. It is generally used in combination with other tanning materials, to modify the objectionable color which some of the latter impart to the leather. By itself it produces a soft and porous tannage. See Myrobal- anus. Myrobalan was formerly, and is still locally. much used in medicine. Commercially it is divided into several sorts, citrine, emblic, belleric, etc. Unof. M}rTobaIanus (mi-ro-bal' -an-us) \ji^pov, ointment ; jSiiAavof, nut]. The emblic myrobalan ; the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica, of Southern Asia. It has a slight laxative followed by an astringent effect, and is highly recommended in dysentery and chronic diarrhea. Botanically, this is not a true myrobalan. Dose gij-§j. Unof. Myronate (mi'-ron-at) [/liipov, an ointment]. A salt of myronic acid. Myronic Acid (mi-ron'-ik). See Acid. Mjrrophorum (mi-roff' -or-um)\jn]pov,o\a.\.ra^-a.\.; ^kpnv, to carry]. An instrument for applying ointments to narrow openings or parts of the body difficult of access. Myrosin (mi-ro'-sin) [/liipov, ointment]. An albumin- otis ferment obtainable from mustard-seed, which liberates the oil of mustard from potassium myronate. Myroxylon (mi-roks' -il-on) \_fivpov, balsam ; ^iilov, wood]. A genus of tropical leguminous trees. M. pereirae yields balsam of Peru, and M. toluiferum affords the balsam of tolu. Myrrh (mur) \jj.i)ppa, myrrh]. The resinous substance obtained from Commiphora myrrha, indigenous to Arabia. In small doses it is a stimulant, in large doses an imtant, to the gastro-intestinal membrane. It is valuable in amenorrhea and bronchial catarrh, and makes an excellent mouth-wash and lotion for spongy gums. It is used chiefly in dentifrices. Dose gr. x-xxx. M., Tinct,, 20 per cent. Dose TT\^x-xxx. Myrrhic Acid (mur'-ik) [^fiiippa, myrrh], C24H32O4. A liquid substance obtained from myrrhin. Myrrhin (mur' -in) \jiiippa, myrrh], CjjHjjOj. A resin contained in myrrh. Myrrhol (mur'-ot) \jn>ppa, myrrh ; oleum, oil] , CjjHjj- O;;. A yellow volatile oil derived from myrrh. Myrtiform (mur'-tif-orm) \myrtum, a myrtle-berry; forma, form] . Shaped like a myrtle-berry or myrtle- leaf M. Caruncles. See Carunculce. M. Fossa, a shallow pit between the edge of the pyriform aperture of the superior maxilla above, and the sockets of the front teeth of the upper jaw below. Myrtillus (mur-til' -us) [myrtus, fivproQ, the myrtle]. The juice of the common bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus), used for staining histologic sections. Myrtle (mur'-tl) [^myrtus, /ivprog, the myrtle]. A popu- lar name for several plants of the genera Myrtus, q. v. and Myrica, q. v. The wax-myrtles belong to the genus Myrica. M.-wax, a solid fat obtained by pressure from the berries oi Myrica cerifera, having a specific gravity of 1.005 ^t '5° C., and fusing at from 45° to 46°C. It is used as a substitute for beeswax in pharmacy and particularly in candle-making. Several other species of this genus (see Myrica) afford myrtle-wax. Myrtol (mur'-tol) \myrtus, fivpTO^,myx\\^; oleum, oil]. A constituent of the essential oil of Myrtus communis (see Myrtus) ; it is useful in bronchitis, vaginitis, and urethritis, and as a sedative and antiseptic. Dose gtt. iv-xvj, in capsules. Unof. Mjrrtus (mur'-tus) [myrtus, /iiiproc, myrtle]. A genus of trees, shrubs, and vines, found in various parts of the world. M. communis, classic myrtle, which has leaves that afford myrtol, q. v. The plant was formerly much used as an astringent. Unof. Mysiology (mis-e-ol'-o-je). Synonym oi Myology. Mysophobia (mi-so-fo' -be-ah) \jivaoi, filth; (pd^of, dread]. A form of insanity characterized by a dread of contact, or of dirt ; rupophobia. Mystax (mis'-taks) [lUiffraf, the upper lip]. The upper lip. Also, the moustache. In biology, applied to MYTACISM 833 MYXOSPORIDIA the conspicuous tuft of hairs immediately over the mouth in certain diptera {Asiliiiie) . Mytacism (mit'-as-izm). See Mutacism. Mytilotoxin (mit-il-o-toks' -in) [/ivriAof, mussel ; to^ikAv, poison], C5Hj5N02. A poisonous ptoraain that has been prepared from the common mussel ; it is similar to curara. See Ichthysimis, and Ptomains, Table of. Mytilus [mit'-il-us] [jivtOmq, a sea-mussel]. Mussel, a lamellibranchiate mollusc. M. edulis, the edible mussel. Under certain conditions, mussels are very poisonous, either because of some change in their juices, induced by modification of their environment, or because a poisonous species is mixed with a non- poisonous one. Edible mussels become poisonous in filthy water, while poisonous ones are deprived of their toxicity after a prolonged sojourn in good water. Mytome [mi'-tom). See Chromatin and Mitome. Myurous (mi-u'-rus) \jivi, mouse ; ovpa, a tail]. Taper- ing like the tail of the mouse ; a qualification applied to the pulse when it is progressively growing feeble. Myxa (miks'-ah) \jm^a, mucus]. Mucus. Myxadenitis (miks-ad-en-i' -tis) \_fi^^a, mucus; aSiiv, gland ; irif, inflammation]. Inflammation of a mucous gland. Myxadenoma {miks- ad-en-o'-mah). Synonym of Myxoadenoma . Myxangitis (miks-an-ji' -tis) \_fiv^a, mucus ; hyyuiyv, vessel; irif, inflammation]. Inflammation of the duct of a mucous gland. Myxedema [rniks-e-de' -mail) l_fiv^a, mucus; olS^/ia, edema]. Adult Sporadic Cretinism ; Pachydermic Cachexia ; Cachexia strumipriva ; a disease charac- terized by the collection of a mucus-like substance in and about the connective tissue of the body, and by atrophy of the thyroid gland. There is a char- acteristic cretinoid physiognomy ; the body is bulky and unwieldy; the skin dry, scaly, and thickened. Speech is slow, monotonous, and guttural ; there is marked intellectual torpor, and insanity is likely to develop. The disease is a chronic one, and the ten- dency is from bad to worse ; it is more common in women than in men, and usually occurs between the ages of thirty and sixty-five. Nothing is known positively as to the etiology. It is sometimes induced by surgical interference with or by ablation of the thyroid gland. A similar state has been produced in animals by extirpation of the thyroid gland. Im- provement, and, in some cases, cure has been achieved by the therapeutic administration of sheep's thyroids or their extracts. Myxedematoid [miks-e-de' -mat-oid) [jiii^a, mucus; old9ifia, edema; cMof, like]. Resembling myxedema. Myxedematous {miks-e-de' -mat-us) \jiv^a, mucus ; oiSrifia, edema]. Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, myxedema. 'illyxemia. (miks-e' -me-ah) [/itifa, mucus ; alyua, blood] . An accumulation of mucin in the blood. MyxeuTysma {miks-u-riz' -mah) {jj.i>^a, mucus ; evpvveiv, to widen).' Cavernous lymphangioma. Myxiosis {miks-e-o' -sis) \_iivia, mucus]. A mucous discharge. Myxoadenoma (miks-o-ad-en-o' -mah) \jn)^a, mucus ; ddi^, gland; 4|Ua, tumor]. An adenoma that has in part undergone myxomatous degeneration ; an adenoma of a mucous gland. Myxochondroma {miks-o-kon-dro' -mah) [^/lii^fi, mu- cus ; ;f(5i'd/30f , cartilage ; o/ia, tumor : pi , Myxochon- dromaia], A tumor containing mucous and cartilagi- nous elements. Myxochondrosarcoma {miks-o-kon-dro-sar-ko' -mah) [fdi^a, mucus ; xdvdpog, cartilage ; ffapf , flesh ; 6/ia, 53 tumor]. A mixed tumor containing myxomatous and cartilaginous tissue and embryonal connective tissue. Myxocylindroma (miks - o-sil- in-dro' - mah) [/iiifa, mucus; Kn'kLvfipo^, cylinder; 5|Ua, tumor]. A myxoma- tous sarcoma in which the myxomatous tissue is dis- posed in the meshes of the sarcoma. Myxocystitis [miks-o-sis-ti' -tis) [jiv^a, muc^s ; nvarig, bladder ; itiq, inflammation]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder M}rxodes [iniks-o'-dez) \_fiv^a, mucus; tlSoq, like]. Resembling mucus. Myxoendothelioma {miks -o -en-do- the- le- o'- mah) \_fL{>^a, mucus ; ivSov, within ; Brpiij, a nipple ; him, tumor: pi, Myxoendotheliomata\ An endothelioma that contains myxomatous tissue. Myxofibroma {miks-o-fi-hro' -mah) \jiv^a, XB.\icas\fibra, fiber; hiia, tumor; pi., Myxofibromata^ A fibroma that has in part undergone myxomatous degenera- tion. Myxoglioma {miks-o-gli-o' -mah) \ji^^a, mucus ; yVia, glue ; b^ia, tumor : pl.,Myxogliomata'\. A glioma with myxomatous elements. Myxoid {miks'-oid) \_ia>^a, mucus ; eZdof, like]. Like mucus. Myxoinoma {miks-o-in-o' -mah) \_/iv^a, mucus ; Iq, a fiber; 6//a, a tumor]. A benign form of inoma, with myxomatous elements. Myxolipoma {miks-o-lip-o' -fnah) ^fiv^a, mucus ; Xiiro^, fat ; o/ia, tumor : pi , Myxolipomatal . A fatty tumor that has in part undergone myxomatous change. Myxoma {miks-o' -viah) [/i-ijfa, mucus ; oiia, tumor : pi. Myxom.atci\. A connective-tissue tumor the con- sistency of which is similar to the jelly of Wharton of the umbilical cord. It consists of a gelatinous, mucin-containing intercellular substance, in which are scattered peculiar branched or stellate cells. Myxomatodes {miks-o-mat-o' -dlz) Ifiii^a, mucus ; 6fia, tumor]. Characterized by myxomatous degeneration. Myxomatous (miks-o'-mat-us) [fiv^a, mucus ; &/ia, tumor] . Of the nature of, or pertaining to, myxoma. M. Degeneration, the same as mucoid degenera- tion. It attacks epithelium and connective tissue, giving rise to the production of a gelatinous substance containing mucin. In epithelial tissue the cells only are affected ; in connective tissue the intercellular sub- stance. M. Degeneration of the Placenta. See Mole. Myxomycetes [miks-o-mi-se' -tlz) [jiv^a, mucus ; iiinoji, fungus]. A genus of slime-fungi found in decaying wood and moss. Myxoneuroma {miks-o-nu-ro' -mah) \}Lv!^a, mucus ; vevpov, nerve ; d/ia, tumor: //. , Myxoneuromata']. I. A glioma. 2. A neuroma with mucous elements. Myxopodia {miks-o-po' -de-ah) \}iv^a, mucus ; ■kov^, (7ro(J-) a foot]. In biology, a form of pseudopod, protrusible, retractile, soft, fusing with neighboring pseudopodia into a network, and, in many Rhizopoda, often collecting by flowing together outside the body, into small masses at the points where they meet with food. They are characteristic of the Rhizopoda and most Radiolaria, and are to be distinguished from Axopodia. Myxorrhea [miks-or-e'-ah) [fiv^a, mucus ; pola, a flow]. A copious mucous discharge. Myxosarcoma {miks-o-sar-ko' -mah) l/iv^a, mucus ; ffiipf , flesh ; 6/ia, tumor] . A sarcoma that has in part undergone myxomatous degeneration. Myxospore [miks'-o-spor) \_p.v^a, mucus ; airdpoi, seed] . In biology, a spore produced in the midst of a gelat- inous mass without a distinct ascus or basidium. Myxosporidia {miks-o-spor-id' - e-ah) \jLv^a, mucus; MYXOTHECA 834 NAIL (TTTopof, seed]. A group or order of Sporozoa, found as parasitic bodies in the muscles and epithelia of fishes ; they produce a psorospermosis which is frequently wide-spread and destructive. Myxotheca (miks-o-the' -kaK) \ji^^a, mucus ; %«-ri, a sheath: pi., Myxotheia]. In biology, the homy sheath of the tip of the lower mandible of a bird. Myzesis {mi-se'-sis) \jivZtiv, to suck]. Synonym of sucking. N N. The symbol of nitrogen ; also, the sign of the index of refraction. N. A. Abbreviation for numerical aperture. N. F. National Formulary ; a. collection of formulas issued by the American Pharmaceutical Association as a kind of supplement to the U. S. Pharmacopeia. Na. Symbol of natrium or sodium. Ni. The symbol for nickel. Nabalus {nab'-al-us) \ya^'Ka, a harp]. A genus of composite-flowered plants ; by some considered a sec- tion of Prenanthes. There are many American species, called drop-flower and rattlesnake-root. A poultice of the pounded fresh leaves of N. altissimus, or " white lettuce," of N. America, has been used as an application to ulcers, gangrenous sores, etc. Unof. Naboth, Cysts of, N., Glands of. See Gland. N.'s Menorrhagia, a serous discharge from the vagina in pregnant women. Nabothian Ovule (na-bo'-the-an'). See Ovule. Nacre [na'-ker) [Ar. , nakir, hollowed out]. Mother- of-pearl. Nacreus (na'-kre-us) [Ar. , naklr, hollowed out]. Re- sembling nacre or mother-of-pearl. Naegele's Fluids. Fluid culture-media. I. Water loo c.c, ammonium tartrate i gm., potassium biphos- phate o.l gm., magnesium sulphate 0.02 gm., cal- cium chlorid o.oi gm. 2. Water 100 c.c, albumin- peptone I gm., potassium biphosphate 0.2 gm. , mag- nesium sulphate 0.04 gm., calcium chlorid 0.02 gm. 3. Water 100 c.c, cane-sugar 3 gm. , ammonium tar- trate I gm., potassium bitartrateo. 21 gm. , magnesium sulphate 0.04 gm., calcium chlorid 0.02 gm. Filter and sterilize. N.'s Obliquity of the Head, lateral flexion of the fetal head toward the mother's sacral bone, the left ear approaching the left shoulder, and -the right parietal bone presenting in a left occipito- anterior position. It is the third step in the mechan- ism of delivery. See Obliquity. N.'s Rule, for predicting the date of confinement : " Count back "three months from the date of cessation of the last men- strual flow, and add seven days." Hirst modifies this by counting from the date of appearance, believing ■that the result will be more accurate. N.'s Pelvis. 'See Pelvis, Female, Deformities of. N.'s Theory. 'See Heredity. "Naevoid {ne' -void'). See Nevoid. Naevose [ne'-vos'). See Nevose. Nsevus (ne^-vus). See Nevus. Nail (««/) [ME. , waz'/f, a nail]. The horny lamina cov- ering the dorsal aspect of the end of each finger and toe. N.-area, a thickening of the epitrichium over the end of the digit, marked out quite definitely by a limiting groove that persists more or less distinctly through- out life. It first appears in the human embryo about the beginning of the third month. N.-bed, the de- pression in which the nail rests. N.-bone, the lacry- mal bone or os unguis. N. -brush, a hand brush for cleaning the finger-nails. N. -culture, a term applied in bacteriology to a stab-culture showing a growth along the needle-track, and on the surface a button-like projection, giving the appearance of a nail driven into the gelatin. N.-file, a small single-cut file for trim- ming the finger-nails. N.-fold, the portion of epi- Ungual Extremity of Finger, showing Nail. . Fold of skin covering root of nail. 2. Incised and turned back. 3. Semilunar portion of subungual skin. 4. Portion corresponding to body of nail. Concave Aspect of Nail. 1. Its proximal border. 2. Portion corresponding to lunula. 3. Body. 4. Free distal border. Longitudinal Section Ungual Extremity Finger, showing Nail. [. Corneous layer of epider- mis of dorsal aspect. 2. Re- flection of this layer upon nail. 3. Superficial layer of nail. 4. Corneous layer of epiderm of pulp of finger. 5. Rete Malpighii of dorsal aspect. 6. Reflection of this layer. 7. Second reflection. - 8. Rete Malpighii of pulp of finger, g. Derma of dorsal aspect. 10. Reflection of derma. 11. Second reflec- tion of derma. 12. Derma of palmar aspect of finger. 13. Ungual phalanx. dermis that covers the root and edges of the nail. N.- groove, the depression for the insertion of the nail. N., Hang, a little shred of skin hanging from the finger at the side of the nail. Hang-nails are some- times quite painful, and the little wounds offer en- trance to septic matter. N., Infleshed, Ingrow- ing, or Ingrown, an overlapping of the nail by the flesh, from pressure, attended with ulceration. N.- matrix, the proximal end of the N.-bed : the struc- ture from which the nail grows. N.-pad. The same as N.-rampart. N. -plate, the volar side of a claw. N. -rampart, the epidermic border against which the margin of the nail rests. N., Reedy, N., Striated, a nail presenting longitudinal furrows. N.-root, the portion of the nail attached to the N.-mairix. N., Spring. Same as Hang-nail. N., Turtle-back, a NAILERS' CONSUMPTION 835 NAPIFORM name given by S. Weir Mitchell to a nail curved in all directions ; it is a condition seen in certain trophic disturbances. N.-wall. The same as N.-rampart. Nailers' Consumption. See Siderosis. Nail-smiths' Cramp. See Cramp. Naked {na'-ked) [ME., naked, naked]. Unclothed; nude. N. Broomrape. See Aphyllon. N. Eye, the eye unaided by a magnifying instrument. Nakra (na'-kraK) [Beng.]. A Bengalese disease re- sembling influenza. Nalardofi (nal-ar-do'-fe) [native Iceland] . In Iceland, an endemic numbness of the hands, probably caused by the milking of ewes. Namangitis (nam-an-ji' -tis). Synonym of Lymphan- gitis. Nameless Crime. The name given to perversion of the genetic instinct, by which sexual gratification is secured in other than the normal way, as by buccal or anal coitus, etc. Nanander (nan-an' -der) \yavoq, a dwarf; aviip, male]. Same as Micrander. Nancy Method. See Hypnotism. Nanism {nan'-izm) \yavoQ, dwarf]. Abnormal small- ness of size from arrested development. Dwarfish- ness. Nanization [nan-iz-a'-shun) \yavo^, a dwarf]. In bi- ology, artificial dwarfing, as practised by the Japanese on certain trees. Nanocephalia (nan-o-sef-a' -le-aK) [vdvof, dwarf; ke^- akii, head]. The condition of being nanocephalous. Nanocephalism [nan-o-sef -al-izni). 'Ae^e. Nanocephalia. Nanocephalous {nan-o-sef'-al-us')\yavoq,&.Vi^ii; ii£(jiaXi], head]. Possessing a dwarfed or diminutive head. Nanocephaly (nan-o-sef -al-e). See Nanocephalia. Nanocormia, Nanocormus, [nan-o-kor'-me-ah, nan-o- kor'-mus) \yavoc, dwarf; Kop/idf, trunk]. I. A mon- strosity possessing a dwarfed trunk. 2. A dwarfed condition of the trunk. Nanoid [nan'-oid) [vavof, dwarf; cMof , like]. Dwarf- like. Nanomelia, Nanomelus (nan-o-me' -le-ah, nan-om'- el-us) [yavoQ, dwarf; jueioc, limb]. A fetal mon- strosity characterized by undersized limbs. Nanophyes [nan-off' -e-ez) [yavo^, dwarf; ijivsiv, to grow] . Dwarfish. Nanosomia (nan-o-so'-me-ah). See Microsomia. Nanosomus {nan-o-so' -mus) [vawf, dwarf; ainm, body]. One dwarfed in body. Nanus [nan' -us) \yavo^, a dwarf]. I. A dwarf. One of less than ordinary stature. 2. Dwarfish ; stunted ; very small. Nape {nap) [ME., nape, nape]. The back part of the neck; the nucha. Napellin {na-pel'-in) [napellus, dim. of napus, a turnip], C2i5H3gNOii. An alkaloid from Aconitum napellus. It is an anodyne and antineuralgic. Dose, gr. \-\. See Aconite. Napellus (na-pel'-us) [L., dim. of napus, a turnip]. Aconitum napellus, q. v. Naphtha (naf'-thah) \ya^Ba, asphaltum]. Danforth's oil ; a product obtained from petroleum, boiling at 8o° to llo° C. ; specific gravity .69010 .700 or 76° to 70° B. It is used for burning in vapor-stoves and street- lamps, as a solvent for resins in making varnishes, and in the manufacture of oilcloths. Naphthalene {naf -thal-en) \ya(^a, asphaltum] , CjjHj. One of the principal constituents of coal-tar, occurring in it in various proportions of from five to ten per cent. ; it is also formed when the vapors of organic substances are passed through tubes heated to redness. The specific gravity of naphthalene when solid is 1.158 ; at its melting-point (79.2° C.)the specific gravity is 0.978 ; it boils at 216.6° C. The odor is pleasant, though char- acteristic. Naphthalene crystallizes in large, silvery, brilliant, thin, rhombic plates, that are feebly soluble in hot, but insoluble in cold water, though easily soluble in methyl and ethyl alcohols, chloroform, ether, and benzene. It is employed in the manufacture of a large series of coloring -matters ; as an enricher of illuminat- ing gas ; and when specially refined, as a substitute for ordinary camphor in preventing the ravages of insects in woollen goods. It is an antiseptic, and, internally, an active expectorant ; it is useful as a dressing for indo- lent sores, and, internally, in pulmonary catarrh. Dose, gr. ij-x in emulsion, or in pill, gr. |, given every hour. In large doses it is toxic, causing emesis and purgation. Unof. N.-red, CjjHjiNjCl ; magdala-red; a saf- ranin of naphthalene. It is a dark-brown powder that dissolves very readily in alcohol with a bluish-red coloration. It imparts a beautiful rose- red color to silk. N.-yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Naphthalidin (naf-thaV -id-in) [yd(j)da asphaltum], CijHgN. An amin derivative of naphthalene, occur- ring in two isomeric forms. Naphthalin (naf -thal-in) [y6^a, asphaltum]. Same as Naphthalene. N. Dye-stuffs. See Pigments, Con- spectus of. N.-red, N. -scarlet, N.-violet. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Naphthalol [naf'-thal-ol) \ya.if>6a, asphaltum ; oleum, oil], CjH^OH.COOCjdH,. a salicylic-acid deriva- tive of ^-naphthol. Naphthamein (naftham-e' -in). See Pigments, Con- spectus of. Naphthene {naf '-then) [ydfSa, asphaltum], CjjOj. A hypothetic substance existing in many naphthalin compounds. The naphthenes are hydrocarbons present in German oils, and are also contained in Caucasian petroleum ; they are insoluble in sulphuric acid ; octo- naphthene, CgH,,,, and nono-naphthene, CgHjg, are well known ; the naphthenes are considered identical with the benzene hexa-hydrids. Naphthylamin {naf-thil'-am-in). Same s.s Naphthal- idin. NapKthylcarbamid {nafthil-kar' -bam-id) . See Naph- thylurea. Naphthylene {naf'-thil-ln) [vd^Sa, asphaltum] . Syno- nym of Naphthene. N.-blue, See Pigments, Con- spectus of Naphthylurea {naf-thil-u' -re-ah) {ya^Qa, asphaltum; ovpov, urine]. A substance that appears in the urine after free administration of naphthalin ; it colors the excretion brown. With acetic acid it gives a rose color ; with sulphuric acid it has a green reaction. Naphtol, or Alpha-naphtol {naf'-tol) \ya.^Ba, as- phaltum], CjjHy.OH. a substance that results from a-naphthylamin by means of the diazo-compound. It is soluble with difficulty in hot water, readily in al- cohol and ether, erystallizes in shining needles, and has the odor of phenol. It melts at 95° C, and boils at 278°-28o° C. It is used in the preparation of alpha- oxynaphtoic acid. N., yS-, or Beta-naphtol, CjdHj.OH, is formed from |3-naphthylamin. It is readily soluble in hot water ; it crystallizes in leaflets, melting at 122° C, and boiling at 286° C. N.-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. N. -camphor, a mix- ture of /3-naphtol one part, with camphor two parts. It is antiseptic, and is used in diphtheria and pulmon- ary tuberculosis. Unof. N. -green, N.-violet, N.- yellow. See Pigments, Conspecttis of. Napifolious {na-pif-o' -le-us) [napus, a turnip ; folium, a leaf] . In biology, having leaves like those of the turnip. Napiform {na' -pif-orm) [napus, a turnip ; forma, form]. Turnip-shaped. NAPKIN 836 NASAL Napkin [nap' -kin) \}IIE. , nap/eyn, a napkin]. I. A handlierchief. 2. A diaper. 3. A cloth used by menstruating women. N. -holder, an instrument used by dentists for holding a napkin in position within the mouth while a filling is being inserted in a tooth. Naples (wa'-Z/i) [Ital.]. A city of southern Italy. N. Fever. A synonym of Fever, Typhoid. N. Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. N. Red. Same as Ocher. N. Yellow. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Napoleon Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Narceia [nar-se'-yah). Same as Narcein. Narcein (iiar' -se-in) \yapKr], numbness], CjjHjgNOg. An alkaloid contained in opium. It is sparingly sol- uble in water and alcohol, and forms fine, silky, in- odorous, bitter crystals. It is sometimes used in medi- cine as a substitute for morphin. Dose gr. ^ . Unof. Narceinic Acid [nar-se-in'-ik) [y6.pK.Ji, numbness], CjjHjjNOg + 3H2O. An oxidation-product of nar- cein ; it is a tribasic acid. Narcema [nar-se' -mah) . Synonym oi Narcosis. Narcesis {nar-se^ -sis) . Synonym of Narcosis. Narcissus (nar-sis'-us) [yapiaaao^, narcissus, so called from its narcotic qualities] . A genus of monocotyled- onous plants. N. pseudo-narcissus Linn, common daffodil or chalice-flower, used as a diuretic. Unof. Narcitin [nar' -sit-in). Synonym of Pseudo-narcissin. Narcohypnia {^nar-ko-hip^ -ne-ah) [vapicrj, stupor; a(l>i)nvovD, to awake] . Waking numbness ; a peculiar state in which the patient has a sense of numbness on awaking. Narcolepsy (nar'-ko-lep-se) \yapKri, stupor; lafifUvsiv, to seize]. A term applied to the sudden but short attacks of deep sleep occasionally accompanying epi- lepsy, gouty, diabetic, and other affections. See also Nelavan and Filariasis. Nmcoleptic (nar-io-tep'-tii) [i^ap/o?, stupor ; ^a/ij3dv£iv, to seize]. Affected with narcolepsy. Narcoma {nar-ko' -mah) \yapK7i, stupor]. The stupor produced by the use oi^a narcotic. Narcomania (7?ar-/^(?-OTrt''-K^-«/i) [vdp/c);, stupor; fiavia, mania] . Insanity characterized by stupor. Narcomatous {nar-ko' -mat-us) [y&pKTj, stupor]. Per- taining to, affected with, or of the nature of, narcoma. Narcopepsia, Narcopepsis {nar-ko-pep' -se-ah, nar-ko- pep'-sis) [yapKri, stupor; Tviipi^, digestion]. Slow or torpid digestion. Narcorthopnea (nar-kor-thop-ne'-ah) \yapKr}, stupor; op66g, straight; vvoia, breathing]. Orthopnea ac- companied by stupor. Narcose (nar'-koi) [yipKTi, stupor]. In a condition of stupor. Narcosis (nar-ko' -sis) [ydpKuatg, numbness]. The deadening of pain , or the production of incomplete or complete anesthesia by the use of narcotic agents, such as the anesthetics, opium, and other drugs. Narcospastnos (nar-ko- spaz'-mos) [vtJp/o?, stupor; anac- fidg, spasm]. Spasm accompanied by stupor. Narcotic (nar-kot'-ik) [vapnurtKdQ, from vapmvv, to be- numb]. I. Producing stupor. 2. A drug that pro- duces narcosis. Narcotin (nar' -kot-in) [rapjcuT^KiJf, narcotic], C^jH^^N- O,. An alkaloid of opium, separated from morphin by potassium hydroxid. It crystallizes from alcohol in shining prisms, and melts at 176° C. It is said to be sudorific and antipyretic, but has no narcotic or hyp- notic effects. Dose, gr. j-ij. Unof Narcotism (nar'-kot-izm) \yapiiUTiK/>^, narcotic ; from v&pKTi, stupor] . The condition resulting from the con- tinued use of a narcotic. Narcurethritis (nar - ku-re - thri' - tis) . Synonym of Gleet. Nard [y&pSog, nard]. See Spikenard. Nardine, Nardy (nar'-din, nar'-de) [wpifof, nard]. Pertaining to, or redolent of, nard. Naregamia (nar-eg-a'-me-ah) [E. Ind.], Goanese Ipecacuanha ; the bark of N. alata, having properties due to an alkaloid, naregamin. It is useful in bilious disorders and rheumatism. The alkaloid has proved valuable in dysentery. Dose gr. xv. Dose of the tincture (1 to 4) as an alterative n\^v-x ; as an emetic, n\_xv-xxx. Unof. Naregamin (nar-eg' -am-ifC) \naregamia\. An alka- loid contained in Naregamia alata. Narial (na'-re-al). Synonym of Nasal. a aiicoin (na^-rik-om) \naris, nostril; cornu, horn]. In biology, the horny nasal case or rhinotheca of cer- tain birds. Nariform (na'-rif-orm) [naris, nostril ; forma, form]. Shaped like a nostril. Narine (na'-rin) [naris, a nostril]. Narial; pertain- ing to the nostrils. Naris (na' -ris)['L. : pi. , Nares^ The nostril. See Nasal Fossa. N., Anterior, the nostrils. N., Internal, N., Posterior, the posterior openings of the nasal cavi- ties, through which they connect with the pharyngeal cavity. Narthex (nar'-theks) [vapBr/^, narthex]. The genus Terula ; also a splint for the leg. Nasal (wa'-za/) [nasus, the nose]. Pertaining to the nose. N. Angle. See Angle. N. Artery. See Arteries, Table of. N. Bones, the two small bones forming the arch of the nose. See Bones, Table of. Transverse Section of the Nasal Foss^b. . Nasal septum. 2. Anterior extremity of middle turbinated bone. 3. Middle meatus. 4. Section of inferior turbinated bone 5. Inferior meatus. 6. Lacrymal canal. 7. Canalic- ull. 8. Nasal canal. 9. Section of reflected mucous mem- brane. 10. Maxillary sinus or antrum of Highmore. N. Canal. See Canal. N. Cartilage. See Cartilage. N. Catarrh, catarrh of the nasal cavities; cold in the head ; coryza. N. Cavities, the nasal fossae, g. v. N. Cough, a reflex cough, due to irritation of the mucous membrane of the nasal fossae. N. Crest. NASARIUM 837 NATURAL See Crest. N. Diplopia. N. Duct, See Lacrymal Duct. Eminence. N. Floor, the floor of the nasal fossae. N. Fossae, the nostrils ; the cavities in the middle of the face leading to the internal surfaces of the nose. N. Ganglion, the spheno-pala- tine ganglion. See Ganglia, Table of, N. Groove. See Groove. N. Index. See Index. N. Labyrinth, the irregular cavity formed by the turbinal bones in the nasal passages. N. Line. See Lines, Table of. N. Meatus, one of the nostrils. N. Membrane, the Schneideri- an membrane. N. Nerve. See Nerves, Table of. N. Notch. See Notch. N. Passages, the meatuses of the nose. N. Point. See Craniometric Points. N. Process. See Process. N. Re- flex. See Reflexes, Table of. Same as Crossed Diplopia. N. Eminence. See Nasal Bones, Exter- nal Aspect. I, I. The two nasal bones. 2, 2. Superior extremity. 3, 3. In- ferior border. 4, 4. Internal border. 5, 5, 5, 5. External bor- der. N. Septum. See Septum of the Nose. N. Spine. See Spine. N. Voice, a peculiar muffled twang of the voice, espe- cially marked in cases of perforation of the palate. See Dead Voice. Nasarium (na-za' -re-um) [nasus, nose]. Nasal mu- cus. Nascal [nas''-il) [nascale"]. A pledget or dossil of lint, cotton, or wool, used in the treatment of uterine or vaginal disease. Nascent [nas'-en£) \nascor, nasci, to be bom]. A term applied to gaseous substances at the moment of their liberation from chemic union. Nasen {na'-zen) [nasus, a nose]. Belonging to the nasal bone in itself. Nasethmoid (na-zeth' -moid) [nasus, nose; ^8/16;, a sieve ; eUog, like] . Pertaining to the nasal and eth- moid bones. Nasiform {na' -zif-orm) [nasus, nose; forma, form]. Shaped like the nose. Nasilabial {na-zil-a'-be-al). See Nasolabial. Nasio-alveolar {na' -ze-o-al-ve' -o-lar) [nasus, nose; alveolus, socket]. Relating to or connecting the nasion and the alveolar point. Nasio-bregmatic [na'-ze-o-breg-mat'-ik) [nasus, nose ; jSpiyfia, bregma]. Pertaining to the nasion and the bregma. Nasio-inial (na'-ze-o-in'-e-al) [nasus, nose ; Iviov, occiput] . Pertaining to the nasion and the inion. Nasio-mental {na'-ze-o-ynen'-tal) [nasus, nose; men- turn, chin]. Pertaining to or connecting the nasion arid the mentura. Nasion {na' -ze-on) [nasus, nose]. The median point of the naso-frontal suture. See Craniometric Points. Nasitis (na-zi'-tis). See Rhinitis. Nasmyth's Membrane. The epithelial membrane enveloping the enamel of the teeth during their development and sometimes also for a short time after birth ; cuticula dentis. Naso- {na'-zo-) [nasus, nose]. A prefix to denote con- nection with or relation to the nose. N. -alveolar. Same as Nasio-alveolar. N. -basal, pertaining to the nose and the base of the skull. N. -basilar, pertaining to the nasal point and the basion. N. -frontal, pertain- ing to the nasal and frontal bones. N. -labial, pertain- ing conjointly to the nose and the lips ; applied to cer- tain muscles. N.-lacrymal, pertaining to the nose and to the lacrymal apparatus, as the naso-lacrymal duct. N. -maxillary, pertaining to the nasal bone and the upper jaw-bone. N.-opisthiac, pertaining to the nasion and the opisthion. N. -palatal, N. -palatine, pertaining to both nose and palate. Also, the name of the nerve entering the nasal fossa and passing across the roof of the nose to the roof of the mouth, supply- ing that part of the mucosa behind the incisor teeth. See Nerves, Table of. N. -pharyngeal, pertaining conjointly to the nose and the pharynx. N. -pharyn- gitis, inflammation of the mucosa lining the naso- pharynx. N. -pharynx, the arching space between the posterior nares and a horizontal plane through the lower margin of the soft palate. N.-subnasal, in craniometry, applied to a line connecting the nasal and the subnasal points. Nasocular {na-zok' -u-lar) [nasus, nose ; oculus, eye] . Pertaining to the nose and the eye ; nasorbital. Nasology (na-zol' -o-je") [nasus, nose ; Uyog, science]. The study of noses. Nasorbital {na-zor'-bit-al) [nasus, nose; orbitalis, orbital]. Nasal and orbit^. Nasta (nas'-tah) [yaoTbg, solid]. A fleshy timior of the neck about the shoulders. Nasus (na'-zus) [L.]. The nose. Nasute {na'-sut) [nasus, nose]. Large-nosed. Nasutiform {na-su'-tif-orm) [nasutus, long-nosed; forma, form]. In biology, applied to nose-like pro- cesses of the heads of insects. Natal {na'-tl) [natalis, from nasci, to be bom]. Na- tive ; connected with one's birth. Natal {na'-tl) [«ai;w, rump]. Gluteal; pertaining to the nates. Natal Sore. See Furunculus orientalis. Natalitial {na-tal-isk' -at) [natalis, from nasci, to be bom]. Pertaining to one's birth. Natality {na-tal' -it-e) [natalis, of birth]. In State medicine and statistics, the birth-rate. Nataloin {nat-al' -o-in) [Natal; a.%6ji, the aloe], ^li^ifin- "^^^ aloin derived from Natal aloes. Natant {na'-tani) [natare, to swim]. Swimming or floating on the surface of a liquid. Nates (Kfl'-«0) [natis,'Cae hwVioi^: pi.. Nates'^. The buttocks. N. of Brain, the anterior pair of the Cor- pora quadrigetnina. Natiform {nat'-iform) [nates, buttocks; forma, form]. Buttock -shaped. Native (na'-tiv) [nativus, bom]. Coming into ex- istence by birth ; of indigenous origin or growth. N . Albumins, a class of animal proteids occurring in m natural condition in animal solids and fluids. They are soluble in water, and are not precipitated by alkaline carbonates, sodium chlorid, or very dilute acids. Their solutions are coagulated by heat at 65° to 73° C. Dried at 40° C. they yield a clear, yellow or amber- colored, friable mass soluble in water, called soluble albumin. The two chief varieties of native albumins are serum-albumin and egg-albumin. Nativism {na' -tiv-izm) [nativus, born]. The psycho- logic theory that assumes that our ideas of form, space, and distance are, at least in part, due to the make-up of the organism or to some native power or endowment, and not entirely to experience. Nativistic {na-tiv-is' -tik) [nativus, nsitive^. Pertaining to nativism. Natrium (na'-tre-um). See Sodium. Natron {na'-tron) [Ar. , natrun, native carbonate of sodium]. Native sodium carbonate. Also, sodium or potassium nitrate. This was formerly the exclusive meaning of the word. Natta {nai'-ah). An old name for a wen, fleshy excres- cence, or tumor. [Obs.] Natural {nat'-u-ral) [natura, nature]. I. Pertaining to nature. 2. An idiot. N. Gas, the mixture of NATURALIA 838 NECROCEDIA inflammable gases that is found issuing from the earth in various localities. It consists essentially of methane, with small quantities of hydrogen, carbon monoxid and dioxid, and some nitrogen. N. History, a terra including a description of all the products and phe- nomena of nature, but now usually restricted to the sciences of zoology and botany. N. Order, one of the divisions in the classification of both animals and plants, varying in its technical meaning according to the system of classification. N. Philosophy, the science treating of the physical properties of matter at rest and in motion. It is now usually called Physics. N. Selection. See Evolution. Naturalia {nat-u-ra' -le-ah) [natura, nature]. The genitalia. Naturalism {naf -u-ral-izm) [natura, nature]. The expectant method of treating disease. Naturalization {nat-u-ral-iz-a' -shun) \natura, nature]. The process by which a plant or an animal trans- ferred from its natural habitat adapts itself to its new surroundings. Naturalized {naf -u-ral-lzd) [natura, nature]. Relat- ing to naturalization. Nature {na'-tur) [natura, birth, origin]. The aggre- gate action and product of many natural laws (Dar- win) . The energy by which the innumerable phe- nomena that fall daily under observation are produced. The word is loosely used as covering indiscriminately both biologic and non-living phenomena. Naturism [na'-tur-izm). Synonym of Naturalism. Naupathia inaw-pa' -the-ah) [vaif, ship ; vrdSof , sick- ness]. Seasickness. Naupllus [naw' -ple-us) [vav^, a ship; t^Xuv, to sail]. In biology, the earliest recognizable form of the crus- tacean larva, having an unsegmented ovate body, a median frontal eye, and three pairs of natatory feet, of which the anterior are simple and the other two bira- mose. N. Eye, the unpaired eye of all larval Crus- tacean-jy and retained in the adult Entomosiraca. Nausea {naw'-ze-ah) [nausea, vavaia, seasickness]. Sickness at the stomach, with inclination to vomit. N. marina, N. navalis, seasickness. Nauseant (naw'-ze-anl) [vavaia, seasickness]. I. Nau- seating ; producing nausea. 2. Any agent that pro- duces nausea. Nauseating (naw'-ze-a-ting). Synonyra of Nauseous. Nauseous {naw^-ze-us, or nawz'-yus) [vavaia, seasick- ness]. Producing nausea, or loathing. Nautomania [naw-to-ma' -ne-ah) [vavrr/g, sailor ; fiavia, madness]. A kind of homicidal madness said by some writers to exist among sailors. Navel (na'-vl) [ME., navel, navel]. See Umbilicus, N.-ill, a disease of calves, in which the navel be- comes inflamed and the adjacent parts red and swollen. N. -string, the umbilical cord. Navicula {na-vik'-u-lah) [dim. of navis, ship]. A genus of diatoms of many species, some of which have the frustules marked with very minute striae, the definition of which is sometimes taken as a test of the power of microscopes. Navicular [na-vik' -u-lar) [navicula, a little ship]. Boat-shaped. N. Bone. See Scaphoid. N. Fossa, applied to several cavities, especially to a depression between the vaginal aperture and the fourchet, and to a dilatation of the urethra near the glans penis. N. Sheath, the synovial membrane covering the navicular bone in ungulates, as in the horse. Naviculoid (nav-ik'-u-loid) [navicula, a small boat ; eWof, like]. Scaphoid. Naviform {na' -vif-orm) [navis, ship ; forma, form]. Boat-shaped ; scaphoid. Navis (na'-vis) [navis, ship]. The vulva. Navy-blue. Same as Prussian Blue and Soluble Blue. Neale's Lung. An apparatus devised for the purpose of removing the carbon dioxid and ammonia from the vitiated atmosphere of a room. It is also called Neale's Chemical Lung, Nealogy {ne-al'-o-je) [veaTi'f/f, young, fresh ; Myo^, science]. In biology, the doctrine of the morphologic correlations of a young organism. Neanderthaloid {na-ahn' -der-tahl-oid) [from Neander- thal in Rhenish Prussia]. Resembling the (prehis- toric) Neanderthal skull, a noted skull found near Bonn, in Germany. A term used in craniology and anthropology. Neapolitan Fever. See Mediterranean Fever. N. Ointment, blue ointment ; mercurial ointment. Near [ner') [ME., nere, near]. I. Being close by, not distant. 2. Closely akin. 3. The left side of an animal as distinguished from the "off," or the right side. N. Point. See Punctum proximum, N.-sight, N.-sightedness. See Myopia. Nearthrosis {ne-ar-thro' -sis) [yko^, new ; apBpuaii, joint]. A new and abjiormally-produced articulation, in the sequence of a fracture, dislocation, or disease of the bone. Neat (net) [ME., neet, an ox or cow]. Cattle of the bovine genus. N.'s-foot Oil, Oleum bubulum, is prepared from ox-feet collected from the slaughter- houses. It is a clear, yellowish oil of specific gravity .916 at 15° C. It does not congeal until below 32° F., and is not liable to become rancid. It is of great value as a lubricant, and is used for softening leather and in the grinding of metals. It is recommended as a substitute for cod-liver oil. Unof. Nebula [neb'-u-lah) [L. ,a cloud]. A faint, grayish opacity of the cornea. When more pronounced, it is called Leukoma. Nebulization (neb-u-liz-a' -shun) . Synonym oiAtomiza- tion. Nebulizer {neb'-u-li-zer) [nebula, a cloud]. An instru- ment intended to produce a spray, and then to break this up into a veritable nebula by impact against the wall of the containing vessel or other convenient obstacle. It is a valuable form of inhaler in tuber- culosis. See Atomizer. Nebulose [neb'-u-loz) [nebula, cir.ist, a cloud]. In biol- ogy, having cloudy markings. Necessity, Triangle of. See Triangle, Carotid, In- ferior, in Triangles, Table of. Neck {nek) [ME., necke, neck]. The constricted portion of the body connecting the head with the trunk ; also, the narrow portion of any structure serving to join its parts. See Cervix. N., Ana- tomic, the constricted portion of the humerus, just below the articular surface, serving for the attachment of the capsular ligament. N., Derbyshire. Synonym of Goiter, N., Nithsdale. Synonym of Goiter. N.- rest, in massage, having the hands joined behind the neck. N., Surgical, the constricted part of the humerus just below the condyles. N.,Wry-. Synonym of Torticollis, Necrectomy {nek-rek' -to-me)[veKp6^ , dead ; CKTO/j.ii exci- sion]. The excision of the necrotic conductors of sound in chronic purulent otitis media; in a more general sense, any removal of necrosed material by a cutting operation. Necrencephalus [nek-ren-sef -al-tis) [venpd^, dead ; kyitt^a'ko^, brain]. Softening of the brain. Necrobiosis [nek-ro-bi-o'-sis) [vtRpb^, dead ; ^ioq, life]. Molecular death of a tissue. Necrobiotic [nek-ro-bi-of -ik) [vEiip6^, dead; ^Ioq, life]. Pertaining to or causing necrobiosis. Necrocedia [nek-ro-se' -de-ah) [vtKpdq, corpse ; KijdoQ, care]. The process of embalming. NECK 839 NECK Muscles of Supra-hyoid and Infra-hyoid Regions. 1. Posterior belly of digastric. 2. Stylo-hyoid. 3. Anterior belly of digastric. 4. Tendon and pulley of digastric. 5. Anterior belly ot right digastric. 6. Mylo-hyoid. 7. Hyo- flossus. 8. Sternal bers of right sterno- mastoid. 9. Sternal fibers of left sterno- mastoid. 10. Cleido- hyoid. II. Tendon of omo-hyoid. 12. Thyro-hyoid. 13. Sterno - thyroid. 14. Inferior constrictor of pharynx. 15, Tracnea. 16. Esoph- agus. 17. Rectus cap- itis anticus mAJ o r , i8. Longus colli. 19. Scalenus anticus. 20, 20. Scalenus posticus. 21,21. Levator anguli scapulae. 22. Sple- nius capitis. 23, 23. Splenius colli. 24. Trapezius. 25. At- tachment of sterno- mastoid. 26. Retra- hens aurem. 27. Oc- cipital portion of oc- cipito-frontal. 28. Deltoid. 29. Attach- ment of pectorales majores to sternum. 30. External intercos- tal. 31. Internal in- tercostal. The Sterno-cleido-mastoid Muscle. Muscles of the Supra-hyoid and Infra-hyoid Regions. I. Anterior belly of digastric 2 Posterior belly. 3. Tendon and pulley for ten^ don. 4. Stylo-hyoid. 5. Mylo-hyoid. 6 Hyo-glossus. 7. Ster- no-cleido-mastoid Anterior or sternal portion, q. Posterior or clavicular portion. 10. LefV sterno-hycfid. 11. Right sterno- hyoid. 12, 12. Omo- hyoid. 13. Thyro- hyoid. 14, 14. Sterno- thyroid. 15. Anterior portion of inferior constrictor of phar- ynx. 16. Occipital muscle. 17, 17. Re- trahens aurem. 18. Trapezius. 19. Sple- nius capitis. 20, Splenius colli. 21. Levator anguli scap- ulse. 22. Scalen us posticus. 23. Scalenus anticus. 24. Superior gortion of deltoid. 25. uperior portion of pectoralis major. 26. Inferior and anterior portion of right pla- tysma myoides. 27. Depressor anguli oris. 28. Depressor labii inferioris. 2^. Masseter. 30. Bucci- nator. Vessels and Nerves of the Neck. 1. Subclavian artery. 2. Subclavian vein. 3, 3. Common carotid artery. 4.. Internal jugular vein. 5. Anterior jugular vein._ 6. Omo-hyoid muscle. 7. Sterno-hyoid muscle. 8. Trunk of pneumogastric nerve. 9. Hypoglossal nerve. 10. Its terminal portion. 11. Its descending branch. 12. Internal descending branch of cervical plexus. 13. Plexus formed by last two branches. 14. External carotid artery. 15. Superior thyroid artery and vein. 16. Lingual and facial arteries. !i7. Facial artery and vein. 18. Occipital artery, ig. Anterior branches of the first four cervical nerves. 20. Superior laryngeal nerve. NECROCOMIUM 840 NECTAR NeCTOComium [nek-ro-ko'-me-uni). See Morgue. Necrodermitis (nek-ro-der-!ni'-Hs)\yeiip6^, dead ; fitpfia, skin ; iTi^, inflammation]. A gangrenous inflamma- tion of the skin. Necrodochium [nek-ro-do'-ke-um). See Morgue. ^^crogeraz [nek-ro-jen' -ik) [ve«/Ddf, dead; yewav, to beget]. Originating from dead substances. Necrology (nek-roV -o-je) \yzKp6q, dead ; 'A6yo^, science]. A register containing the statistics concerning the causes and rate of mortality. NecTomania [nek-ro-ma' -ne-ah) \ysiip6g, corpse ; piavia, madness]. See Necrophilism. Necrometer [nek-rom^ -et-er') [ve/c/3(5f, dead ; fierpmf, measure] . An instrument for weighing organs at an autopsy. Necromimesis [nek-ro-mim-e^ -sis) \ysKp6^, dead ; fii/ij/aic, mimicry]. I. The insane delusion of one who believes himself to be dead. 2. Simulation of death by a deluded person. Necronarcema {nei-ro-nar-se'-mak) [yeKp6(, corpse ; vdpKTj/ia, numbness]. Synonym of Rigor mortis. Necronectomy (nek-ron-ek'-to-me) [yexpdg, dead ; ek, out ; TE/iveiv, to cut]. The excision of a necrotic part — applied especially to the excision of the necrotic ossi- cles of the ear. Necronium {nek-ro' -ne-um) \yeicp6(, dead]. A sub- stance said to be found in the dead body in cases of saponification. NecTopathy [nek-rop' -ath-e) [I'CK/rxif, dead ; irdffog, ill- ness]. Any gangrenous or necrotic disease. Necrophagous {nek-roff'-ag-us') [w/tprif, dead; ^aytiv, to eat]. A term applied to those animals that feed on dead or putrid flesli. Carrion-eaters. Necrophile {nek' -ro-fil)\j>Enp6^, dead; ^iXuv, to love]. One who violates dead bodies. Necrophilia (nek-ro-fil' -e-ali). See Necrophilism. Necrophilism (nek-roff ' -il-izm) [yeKpSg, a corpse ; (pAelv, to love]. A form of sexual perversion in which dead bodies are dug up and violated ; insane sexual desire for a corpse Necrophobia {nek-ro-fo' -be-ah) [ve/cptSf , corpse ; fdj^oQf fear], i. Insane dread of dead bodies, or of phan- toms. 2. Thanatophobia; extreme dread of death. Necropneumonia {nek-ro-nu-mo' -ne-aJi) [_veKp6^f dead; nueviiovia, pneumonia]. Gangrene of the lung. Necropsic {nek-rop' -sik) \yEKp6q, dead; Si/iif, seeing]. Pertaining to a post-mortem examination. Necropsy [nek'-rop-se) [ve/cp(5f, corpse; 6i/jif, seeing]. The examination of a dead body. Necroscopic {nek-ro-skop' -ik) \ytKp6q, dead ; aicoirEiv, to view]. Pertaining to necroscopy. Necroscopy {nek-ros' -ko-pe) [ye/cp3f , corpse ; anoirelVf to inspect] . Post-mortem examination of the body. Necrose {nek-rdz')[_veKpdg , dead]. To become affected with necrosis ; to cause necrosis. Necrosemiotic {nek-ro-sem-e-of -ik) \yEKp6q, corpse ; crifielov, sign]. Serving as a sign of death. Necrosis {nek-ro' -sis) [ytupuaiq, from veKpdg, dead]. The death of cells surrounded by living tissue. Necro- sis proper refers to death in mass, necrobiosis to death of individual cells. Among the causes of necrosis are : (l) direct injury ; (2) obstruction of the circulation ; (3) loss of trophic influence. The varieties of necrosis are: (l) coagulative necrosis ; (2) liquefactive necro- sis ; (3) cheesy necrosis ; (4) dry and moist gangrene. See Gangrene. Necrosed tissues may be absorbed, re- tained, or thrown off'. The dead tissue is called seques- trum in case of bone, anAsphacelus in case of soft parts. In surgery the term necrosis is often applied specifically tothe death of bone. N., Anemic, 'ne.t Infarct, An- emic. N., Caseous. See Cheesy. N., Balser's Fatty, the occurrence of areas of opaque whitish tissue often seen surrounding the lobules of the pancreas in acute pancreatitis, and also occurring in the omeiitum and mesentery and in the abdominal fatty tissue generally. They are usually about the size of a pin's head, but may reach the size of a hen's egg. On section they have a soft, tallowy consistence.. They are constituted of a combination of lime with certain fatty acids, and may be encrusted with lime. They may occur independently of disease of the pancreas. See Diseases, Table of. N., Cheesy, necrosis characterized by the formation of a cheese-like material. Dry and moist cheesy necrosis are tlie two varieties described. It is usually due to the presence of the tubercle-bacillus, and is most often seen in the lungs. N., Coagulative, a variety characterized by the formation of fibrin. Its most common seat is the blood in thrombi. It also occurs on mucous membranes, where it produces false membrane, chiefly under the influence of the bacillus of diphtheria, but also of other irritant agents. Occa- sionally it occurs in the interior of organs as the result of embolism or thrombosis, leading to the formation of an anemic infarct q. v. N., Colliquative. See N. , Liquefactive. N., Embolic, coagulative necrosis in an anemic infarct following embolism. N., Hya- line, coagulative necrosis ; also a synonym of hyaline degeneration. N. infantilis. Synonym of Cancrum oris. N.laryngis. Synonyra oi Perichondritis of the Larynx. N., Liquefactive, a process analogous to coagulative necrosis, but instead of fibrin the peculiar reaction of fluids and cells gives rise to the; formation of a liquid. Blisters and vesicles, softening of the brain subsequent to embolism, and suppuration are the results of liquefactive necrosis. It may also be the terminal stage of all other forms of necrosis. N., Mercurial, a necrosis of bones due to chronic poisoning with mercury. N., Phosphorus, a necro- sis of bone, especially of the lower jaw, occurring in those exposed to the fumes of phosphorus. N. of the Teeth, odonto-necrosis. By the term necrosis, when applied to the teeth, is meant the entire death of the pulp and the loss of vitality of the peridental membrane. N. ustilaginea, dry gangrene from ergotism. Necrosozoic {nek-ro-so-zo' -ik) [ve/cpdf , dead ; ut^^stv, to preserve]. Having power to preserve or to em- balm. Necrosteon (nek-ros' -te-on) [wicpiif , dead ; barkov, bone]. Necrosis of bone. Necrotic {nek-rof -ik) [yeKp6g, dead]. Pertaining to or characterized by necrosis. N. Pneumonia. See Pneumonia. Necrotomic {nek-ro-tom' -ik) [vf/cpdf, dead; ro/i^, a cut- ting]. Pertaining to necrotomy. Necrotomy {nek-rot' -o-me) \yeKp6i^, a corpse ; To^ii, a cutting]. The dissection of a dead body, Necrotype {nek' -ro-tlp) \yeKp6g, a corpse; TfiTrof, a type]. In biology, applied to types of organisms as regards any special region, in which, after having ex- isted, they became extinct. Nectandra {nek-tan' -drah) [viKTap, nectar; aviip, male]. A genus of lauraceous tropical American trees, of some 70 species, of which Bebeeru bark, the bark of N. rodi/ia, body] . In biology, the upper locomotor portion of a siphonophorous stock, as distinguished from the sipho- some or nutrient portion. Nectozobid {nek-to-zo'-oid) [yrinTdg, swimming ; f^ov, animal ; El6og, form] . In biology, the swimming-bell, or nectocalyx, considered as a specialized zooid. Necusia (nek-u'-se-ah) [y^Kvg, corpse]. Poisoning by a dissection- wound. Necusin {nek'-u-sin) [yiicvg, corpse]. The supposed septic principle in necusia. Needham's Bodies or Filaments. The spermato- phores of the cephalopoda. N.'s Receptacle, a cyst- like annex of the excretory duct of the seminal vesicle of the cephalopoda. Needle [ne'-dt) [ME.,nedle, needle]. An instrument used in surgery for suturing tissues, ligating vessels, and for other purposes. N., Aneurysm, one with a handle, and with the eye at the point, especially adapted for ligating vessels. N., Cataract, one for operating upon the cataractous lens or its capsule. N., Deschamp's, a needle with the eye at the point, and with a handle, for ligating arteries. N., Discission, one for insertion through the cornea, and breaking the capsule and substance of the crystalline lens. N., Exploring, an eyeless needle, grooved to bring away a few drops of the contents of a cavity, a tumor, or an abscess. N. -forceps, a forceps for seizing needles in surgery. N., Hagedorn's, a flat suture-needle curved on its edge, with the eye perforating the side. N., Hare-lip, one provided with a small canula to be left in situ after withdrawal of the needle. N. -holder, a handle for clasping a needle. Also, an insulated handle for holding the needles employed in certain forms of electro-cautery. N., Hutchinson's, a needle for the ligation of hemorrhoids ; it is fixed on a handle and has the eye at the point. N., Hypodermatic, the fine needle-pointed metallic tube attached to the barrel of the hypodermatic syringe. N., Knife, one that has a sharp cutting edge ; it is used in the discission of cataracts. N., Ligature. Synonyraoi N., Aneu- rysm. N., Open-eyed, one in which the eye is not completely closed but is in the form of a hook. N.- operation. See Extraction of Cataract. See also Acu- puncture B.nA Acupressure. N., Spanish. ?>ee Spanish Needle. N., Startin's Wire, a hollow needle for carrying silver wire. N., Suture, a needle used for suturing. N., Whitehead's Spiral, a spiral needle with a terminal eye for use in staphylorrhaphy. Needling {ne'-dling) [ME., nedle, needle]. I. See Extraction of Cataract and Discission. 2. A proced- ure sometimes employed for the detection of calculi in the biliary passages, gall-bladder, and kidney. Neef's Hammer. An automatic arrangement for opening and breaking the current in an inductorium. Neelsen's Carbolic-acid Solution. See Stains, Table of. Neftgil (neft'-jiV). A solid paraffin found free in Baku. Negative [neg'-at-iv) \ne^are, to deny].. A qualification the opposite of positive ; not affirmative. N. Chemo- taxis, the absence of the power of attracting leuko- cytes and wandering cells, or their repulsion. See Chemotaxis. N. Ocular. See Ocular. N. Pole, that pole of a galvanic cell connected with the carbon or least oxidizable plate. Also, that pole of an elec- tric generator toward which the assutned electric cur- rent flows. Negativism [neg' -at-iv-izm) \negare, to deny]. A symptom observed in some cases of so-called Cata- tonia attonita, in which the patient exhibits no sponta- neous movements, although his muscles spontaneously and powerfully antagonize any passive motion. Negro (ne'-gro) \niger, black]. A race of people dis- tinguished mainly by woolly hair, black skin, thick, protruding lips, and flattened nose. The melanochroi of Huxley's classification. Also, an individual of the race. See Mulatto. N. -cachexy, N. -cachexia, N.- lethargy. See African Lethargy and Cachexia. N.-type of Idiocy. See Idiocy, Ethnic. Neisser's Method. A method of double-staining of spore-bearing bacilli. Cover-glass preparations are immersed for twenty minutes in fuchsin-anilin-water at 80° or 90° C. , then rinsed in water or alcohol, and counterstained with an aqueous solution of methylene- blue, rinsed in water, dried, and mounted in balsam ; the spores are stained red, other objects blue. N.'s Micrococcus. See Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. N.'s Oil, a modification of Lang's oil. It consists of mercury, 20 parts; ethereal tincture of benzoin, 5 parts ; liquid vaselin, 40 parts ; it is used by injec- tion in the treatment of syphilis. Neisseria {nV -se-re-ah) [after Neisser, a German physi- cian]. A generic term for a group of schizomycetes. The majority are micrococci. They will be found described under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. Nekteric [nek-ter'-ik) [vTinTriq, swimming]. In biology, applied by Hseckel to the voluntarily swimming or- ganisms of the ocean, as distinguished from the drifting or ploteric forms. Nekton {nek'-ton) \_vriiiTiig, swimming]. In biology, the nekteric or actively swimming portion of the or- ganic life of the ocean {plankton), taken as a whole. Nelaton's Catheter, the soft rubber catheter. N.'s Dislocation, a form of dislocation of the ankle-joint in which there is a displacement of the astragalus be- tween the lower extremities of the tibia and fibula. N.'s Fibers, the circular muscular fibers of the rectum. N.'s Line. See Lines, Table of. N.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of . N.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of. N.'s Probe. See Probe. NELAVAN 842 NEOTOCOGALACTOZEMIA Nelavan {nel'-av-an). See African Lethargy. Nematachometer [nem-dt-ak-om' -et-er) \yfiim, thread ; rdxog, rapidity ; /ilrpov, measure]. An instrument for measuring the rapidity of transmission of nervous, im- pulses in peripheral nerves. Nemathece {nem'-ath-ls). Same as Nemathecium . Netnathecium (nem-atk-e'-se-uni) \yfiua, a thread; Briaiov, dim. of 6^k^, a case or receptacle : pi. , Nemathe- a'a]. In biology, a wart-like growth of tetraspores of the thallus of one of the higher algae (^Floride<2). Nemathelminth {nem-ath-el' -viinth) {yfijia., thread; cXfiivg, worm]. Any nematode worm. The Nemath- elminthes (the round-worms, or thread- worms), form a class of Vermes, many of which are endoparasitic. Mematilla {nem-at-il' -ah) [y^/ia (wjfmr-), a thread: pi. , Nematillii:\ In biology, one of the urticating- organs of a coelenterate ; a nematophore, or Organa urticantia. Nematoblast {nem' -at-o-blasi) [yij/ia, thread ; pTMardg, germ]. A spermatoblast. See also Spermatogonia. Nematocalyx [nem-at-o-ka'-liks) [vy/ia, thread ; xi^v^, calyx: pi., Nematocalyxes , Nematocalices]. In biol- ogy, a hydrozoan calyx containing nematocysts. Nematocyst (nem' -at-o-sist) [v^fia, a thread ; Ki)aTi.Q, bladder]. In biology, one of the stinging-cells char- acteristic of the Cnidaria; a. thread-cell, lasso-cell, snidocell, cnida, nemocyst. Nematode [nem'- at-od) [vrniariidrK, thread-like]. In biology, filiform, thread-like ; resembling a thread ; it is applied to thread-worms, hair-worms, round- worms, pin-worms. ' Nematodes (nem-at-o'-dlz) . Synonym of Nemntoidea. Nematogen [nem-af -o-jen) \yrjfia, thread ; ytvrjg, pro- ducing]. In biology, the vermiform embryo of a nematode worm. Cf. Rhombogen. Nematoid [nem'-at-oid) [y^^a, thread ; elSog, form]. Same as Nematode. Nematoidea [nem-at-oi' -de-ah) [yij/ia, thread; dSog, like]. Thread- worms ; nemathelrainths. The most important nematoidea parasitic upon man and the lower animals belong to the following genera, ar- ranged alphabetically : Anguillula, Ankylostoma, Ascaris, Eustrongylus, Filaria, Nematodium, Oxyuris, Strongylus, Trichina, Trichocephalus. See Parasites (Animal), Table of. Nematophore [nem' -at-o-for) \_vtjfia, a thread ; ^6pog, bear]. In biology, a cecal process of the cenosarc of hydrozoans, invested by a continuation of the hard cuticular layer, so as to be quite firm and inflexible, and containing thread-cells. Lendenfeld considers that the expression nematophore should be reserved for the chitinous envelop of the guard-polyp (Macho- polyp) ; a nematilla, or urticating organ. Nematozooid (nem-at-0-20' -oid) {y^fia, thread; ffiov, animal; el6og, form]. In biology, one of the sting- ing tentacles of a siphonophore regarded as a zo5id. Nemocyst (nem'-o-sist). Same as Nematocyst. Nemophilous (nem-off ' -il-us)\yiiiog, a wooded pasture , 0iAof, loving]. In biology, fond of or inhabiting the woods ; nemorose. Nemorose (nem'-or-oz) \nemus, a grove]. In biology, growing in groves or woodland, Nemours-blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. Neo- (ne'-o-) \ytog, new]. A prefix signifying new. Neoarthrosis (ne-o-arth-ro' -sis) \ykog, new ; apBpov, a joint]. A new or false joint. Neoblastic (ne-o-blas'-tik) [yiog, new ; jilambg, a germ]. Originating, or of the nature of, new tissue. Neochmosis (ne-ok-mo' -sis) [yeox/^6g, new]. A re- lapse or recurrent attack of a disease. Neo-Darwinism, Neo-Lamarckism (ne-o-dar'-win- izm, ne-o-lam-ark' -izm) [ykog, new; Darwin; La- marci"]. In biology, the doctrines of Darwin and Lamarck concerning evolution as modified by recent advocates. Neoembryo (ne-o-em'-bre-o) \yeoQ, new ; i/ifipvov, embryo]. In biology, the earliest ciliated stage in the embryonic development of a metazoan. Neogala (ne-og'-al-ah) [viog, new ; yd/la, milk]. Same as Colostrum. Neohymen (ne-o-hi' -men) \ykog, new ; v^v, mem- brane]. A new or false membrane. Neo-Lamarckism (ne-o-lam-ark' -izm) [ytog, new; Lamarck"]. See Neo-Darwinism. Neomembrane (ne-o-mem'-brdn). See Neohymen. Neomorphism (ne-o-mor' -fizm) [ytog, new ; l^opf^, form]. In biology, the development of a new form. Neonatus (ne-on-a'-tus) [yeog, new ; natus, born : gen. pi., Neonatorum~\. One newly bom. Neonatorum, Melsena. See Melena. Neonatorum, Ophthalmia. See Ophthalmia. Neonatorum, Trismus. See Tris- mus. Neonomous (ne-on' -o-mus) \ytog, new; v6/j.og, law]. In biology, recently specialized or adapted to modified environment. Neontology (ne-on-tol'-o-Je) \ytog, new ; S>v, being ; Uyog, science]. In biology, Flourens' term for the study of existing organisms, as opposed lo paleontology or the study of fossils. Neopathy (ne-op' -alh-e) \ytoQ, new ; iraSog, illness]. I. A new or newly-discovered form of disease. 2. A recent complication or new condition of disease in a patient. Neophilism (ne-of'-il-izm) \_vEog, new ; ^iMeiv, to love]. Morbid or undue love of novelty. Neophobia (ne-o-fo' -be-ah) [ytog, new; if^Po(, fear]. Insane dread of new scenes or of novelties. Neophrenia (ne-o-frln' -e-ah) \ykog, new; i^pfifv, mind]. Mental deterioration in early youth. Neoplasia (ne-o-pla' -ze-ah) \ykog, new ; ■Kkaaativ , to mold] . The formation of new tissue or of a tumor. Neoplasm, Neoplasma (ne'-o- plazm, ne-o-plaz' -mah) [yiog, new; nUam, growth]. A new growth of tis- sue marked by histologic difference from its matrix ; a tumor. See Tumors, Table of. N., Inflammatory Fungoid. Synonym of Granuloma fungoides. Neoplasmatic (ne-o-plaz-maf -ik) [veof , new ; TrAdffffefv, to mold] . Of the nature of neoplasm ; neoplastic. Neoplastic (ne-o-plas' -tik) \ykog, new ; ir%lu!ativ, to mold]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a neoplasm. Applied, also, to plastic operations for restoring lost tissue. See Autoplasty. Neoplasty (ne'-o-plas-te) [yiog, new ; irldaaeiv, to mold]. Ah operation for the restoration of lost tissue. Neoscytechos, Neoscytechus (ne-os-kif-ek-os, ne-os- kit'-ek-us) [vfof,new; a/cSrof, skin; ijxog, echo]. See Murmur, New Leather, and Bruit de cuir neuf. Neosote (ne'-o-sot) \ytog, new]. A derivative of coal- tar having antiseptic properties. Neossin (ne-os'-in) \ytoaBi6., a nest], C^uHjjNjOj. Mulder's term for an insoluble material, the chief com- ponent of the edible birdsnest. Neossology (ne-os-ol'-o-je) \yeoBB6g, a young bird ; /Idyof , science] . In biology, the study of the incuba- tion and rearing of young birds. Neotenia (ne-o-te' -ne-ah) [yeiiTepog, an innovation or revolutionary movement]. In biology, KoUmann's term for the lengthening (for an indefinite time) of the period during which amphibians are gill-breathers. Neotocicterus (ne-ot-o-sik' -ter-us) \ye6Tomq, new-born ; licTEpog, jaundice]. Icterus neonatorum. Neotocogalactozemia (ne-ot-ok-o-gal-ak-to-ze'-me-ah) fvtof , new; t6koq, birth ; yci/la, milk ; l^rifila, loss]. A flow of milk from the breast of a new-bom child. NEOTOCOPHTHALMIA 843 NEPHRITIS Neotocophthalmia {ne-ot-ok-off-tkal' -me-aK) [vedro/cof, new-born ; b^aKjda, ophthalmia]. Ophthalmia neona- torum, q. V. Nep [nepeta, catmint]. The catnip, Nepeta cataria. Nepal or Nepaul Tumor. A pendulous tumor of the ear, at times reaching the size of a child's head. It is endemic in Nepal, India. Nepalin [nep'-al-in). Synonym of Pseudaconitin, Nepenthe (ne-pan' -the) [yjjTrevd^g, banishing pain]. An old name for an Egyptian anodyne, probably opium. Nepenthes {ne-pen' -this) [ytiTi-evB^g, banishing pain]. A genus of some 37 recognized species of tropical climb- ing pitcher-plants. The pitchers contain droserin, g. V. and azerin, q. v., and have the power of digesting insects that are drowned in their watery secretion. Nepeta {nep' -et-ah) . See Catnip. Nephablepsia (nef-ab-lep'-se-ah). See Niphablepsia. Nephalism (nef'-al-izm) [vr/ipaTiia/ids, soberness]. Total abstinence from spirituous liquors. Nephela (nef'-el-ah) \ys^i'kri, cloud]. Leukoma; also cloudiness of the urine. Nephelium (nef-el'-e-um). See Nebula. Nepheloid (nef'-el-oid) [vec^^A;?, cloud ; cMof, like]. Cloudy or turbid, as the urine under certain conditions. Nephelopia {nef-el-o' -pe-aK) \yt^kXTi, cloud ; iy^, eye] . Cloudy or dim vision, due to some diminution of the transparency of the ocular media. Nephradenoma (nef-rad-en-o' -maK) [vs^piif , kidney ; dd^v, gland; b\m, tumor: pL, Nephradenomata\. Adenoma of the kidney. Nephralgia, Nephralgy [nef-ral' -je-ah, nef-ral'-je) \ye^p6Q, kidney; akyog, a pain]. Pain referred to the kidney ; renal colic. Nephranuria {nef-ran-u' -re-aK) [ye(pp6;, kidney; av, priv. ; ovpov, urine] . Suppression of the renal secre- tion. Nephrapostasis {nef-rap-os' -tas-is) \yt^pii, kidney; inzfiCTaGu;^ suppurative inflammation]. Abscess, or suppurative inflammation, of the kidneys. Nephrapragmonia {nef-rap-rag-mo' -ne-aK) \yt^p6(;, kidney ; d, priv. ; irpdy/ioyi), work]. Inactivity or torpidity of the kidneys. Nephrarctia {nef-rark' -te-ah) [vE^pdf , kidney ; arctus, from arcere, to find]. Contraction of the kidney. Nephrastoma {nef-ras' -to-mah) [veipiif , kidney ; CT^fW, (ard/xaTa), the mouth : //. ,Nephrastomatd\ . In biology, one of the ciliated funnels of the primitive kidney. Nephratonia (nef-rat-o' -ne-ah), Nephratony {nef-raf- on-e) [vE^pfif, kidney; d, priv. ; rbvoq, tone]. Atony or paralysis of the kidneys. Nephrauxe {nef-rawks' -e) \ye^p6q, kidney ; off)?, in- crease]. Enlargement of the kidney. Nephrectasia {nef-rek-ta'-ze-ah) \yEp6g, kidney : pi. , Nephridia"] . In biology : I. The fat about the kidneys. 2. The renal- sexual organ (organ of Bojanm) in certain inverte- brate animals. Much convoluted cellular tubes func- tioning as kidneys in Xtieannelida and certain 'mollusca. They occasionally act as ducts for the transmission of the sexual products. Cf. Nephrogonaduct. I. Pro- visional or Embryonic Nephridia, those that tem- porarily appear in the ontogenetic development ; (a) those that appear in that region of the embryo or larva that corresponds with the subsequent head-segnnent and -which lie at the anterior extremity of the cell-mass (mesoderm streaks) are called embryonic head nephri- dia or head kidneys ; (b) those that appear in the trunk-segments are called embryonic or provisional trunk nephridia or kidneys. II. Permanent Neph- ridia, on account of their frequently strict segmental arrangement, are often called segmental organs, or on account of their looped or winding course (in Oligo- chata and Hirudinea) looped canals. The anal tubes of the EchiuridiB are sometimes called nephridia. Nephrism (nef'-rizm) \ye^p6g, kidney]. The grave condition of patients suffering from pronounced or advanced disease of the kidney. Nephritic {nef-rif -ik) [yefpinicdg, from i'E^p(if, kidney] . Pertaining to nephritis, or to the kidney. Nephritis (nef-ri'-tis) [yep6g, kidney; (jSlaig, a wasting]. A cheesy inflammation of the kidney, the process often beginning in the mucous membrane of the bladder, or in the prostate, and extending to the kidney. The urine is generally acid, and small cheesy masses, elastic fibers, and shreds of cast-off connective tissue may be found in it. The disease is most frequent in males, and is due to the presence of the tubercle-bacillus. Nephroplegia {nef-ro-ple' -je-ah) [ve^pdf, kidney ; ■K^riyii, stroke]. Paralysis of the kidney. Nephroptosis (nefrop-to'-sis) [yeippdg, kidney ; TcrdaiQ, fall]. Downward displacement of the kidney. See Floating Kidney. Nephropyelitis {nef-ro-pi-el-i' -lis) \ye^p6q, kidney; TrfeXof, pelvis; trif, inflammation]. Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney ; pyelonephritis. Nephropyic {nef-ro-pi'-ik) [^vet ofPneumap., toPetrasal Rof^ GlMSO^h from. W Cervical, / 2 aanfflim of Mites — ^d Plexus toSfffK tb G.pfJPneurru)ytutric ^ toj^poalosadil Jf. Za/yeS.Petnsal 7(> e.-eANOLioN. p.- PLEXUS. A.'ARTERY. 1.2.3.'U£S AU THE PELVIC VISCER/V AND THE PENIS. Sanc/Kon Impar. Frm9bti0i Compeni effiiabmu. KERVES 849 NERVES < 0> in > ■s 54 NERVES 850 NERVES tn o - ? o " w c . o — rl •, - *" 3 ^ -«* I 8 2 a " fe O O ^. £•£• -J tc tu «n S ii^ i f :c 2 < 3C 3 1 Q. a K Ui UJ < i lU g m 3 ea 5 o 2 UJ 3: « a: m Ul z Ui CD i 1 ^ e 5= >5 2 t! = NERVES 853 NERVES Savtum etc. ^nx^^ u nq uinj ^noMj^ 2J9jjo£ NERVES .. Falx cerebri. 2, 2. Its convex bor- der, with the great longitudinal sinus. 3. Its concave border. 4, 4. Inferior longitudinal sinus. 5. Base of falx cerebri. 6. Straight sinus. 7. Apex of falx cerebri. 8. Right half of the tentorium, seen from below. 9. Right lateral sinus. 10. Superior petrosal sinus. II. Inferior petrosal sinus. 12. Posterlpr occipital sinus. 13. Falx cerebelli. 14. Optic nerve. 15. Motor oculi. 16. Pathetic. 17. Trigeminus. 18. Abducens. ig. Facial and audi- tory nerves. 20. Glosso-pharyngeal, pneumogastric and spinal accessory nerves. 21. Hypoglossal nerve. 22. First cervical nerve. 23. Second cer- vical nerve, 24, 24. Upper ex- tremity of ligamentum denticulatum. Medisection of Brain. Points of Exit of Nerves. I. Floor of fourth ventricle. 2. Supe- rior cerebellar peduncle. 3. Middle cerebellar peduncle. 4. Inferior cere- bellar peduncle. 5. Enlargement at upper extremity of postero-median column. 6. Glosso-pharyngeal nerve. 7. Vagus. 8. Spinal accessory. 9, 9, 9, 9. Ligamentum denticulatum. 10, 10, 10, 10. Posterior roots of spinal nerves. 11, 11, 11, 11. Postero-lateral fissure. 12, 12, 12, 12. Ganglia of posterior roots. 13, 13- Anterior roots. 14. Division of united roots into anterior and posterior nerves. 15. Terminal extremity of cord. 16, i6. Filum terminale. 17, 17. Cauda equina. I, VIII. Cervical nerves. I,Xn. Dorsal nerves. I,V. Lumbar nerves. I, V. Sacral nerves. Superior or Cervical Segment of Spinal Cord. Middle or Dorsal Portion of Cord. Inferior Portion of Cord and Cauda Equina. NERVES 855 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES (alphabetic). Name. Function. Origin. Distribution. Branches. Abdominal. Sensation and motion. Vagus. Surface of stomach. Filaments, Abducens (sixth cranial). Motion. Fourth ventricle. External rectus of eye. Filaments. Alveolar. Sensation. Inferior dental. Molar and bicuspid teeth, and- adjacent gums. Gingivales. Arnold's. See Auriczilar. Articular. Trophic, sensory (?). Anterior crural. Knee-joint. Capsular, synovial. Articular, :;. Trophic, sensory (?). Ulnar. Elbow-joint. Filaments. Articular, recurrent. Motion. External popliteal. Knee-joint and anterior tibial muscle. Filaments. Auditory (eighth cranial, portio mollis of 7th). Hearing. Restiform body. Internal ear. Vestibular, cochlear. Auricular. Sensation. Lesser occipital. Integument of post, and upper portion of pinna. Filaments. Auricular {anterior). Sensation. Inferior maxillary. Integument of external ear. Filaments. Auricular (Arnold's). Sensation. Vagus. External ear. Filaments. Auricular {posterior). Motion. Facial. Retrahens aurem, attol- lens aurem, occipito- frontal is. Auricular, occipital. Auricularis magnus. Sensation. Cervical plexus, 2d and 3d cervical. Parotid gland, face, ear. Facial^ mastoid and auric- ular. Auriculo-temporal. Sensation. Inferior maxillary. Pinna and temple. Articular, two branches to meatus, parotid, ante- rior auricular, superfi- cial temporal. Of Bock. See Pharyngeal. Buccal. Motion. Facial. Buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles. Filaments. Buccal, long. Sensation, motion? Inferior maxillary. Cheek. Superior and inferior buc- cinator and external pterygoid. Calcanean, internal. Sensation. Posterior tibial. Fascia and integument of heel and sole. Several small filaments. Calcaneo-plantar, cuta- neous. See Calcanean, inter nal. Cardiac (cervical and thoracic). Inhibition. Vagus. Heart. Branches to cardiac plex- uses. Of Casser. See Perforating, and Musculo-cutaneous. Cavernous. Sensation. Prostatic plexus. Erectile structures of penis. Filaments. Cervical, eight. Motion and sensation. Cord. Trunk and upper ex- tremities. Ventral and dorsal divi- sions. See Plexus. Cervical, first (anterior division). Motion and sensation. Cord. Rectus lateralis and two anterior recti. Filaments and communi- cating to vagus, hypo- glossal, sympathetic. Cervical, first (posterior division). Motion and sensation. Cord. Recti, obliqui, complexus. Communicating and cuta- neous filaments. Cervical, fourth (ante- rior division). Motion and sensation. Cord. Shoulder and communi- cating. Communicating filaments, muscular, etc. Cervical, second (ante- rior division). Motion and sensation. Cord. Communicating. Ascending, descending, communicating and fila- ments. Cervical, second (poste- rior division). Motion and sensation. Cord. Obliquus inferioris, scalp, ear, complexus, splenius, trachelo-mastoid-. Internal or occipitalis major, and external. Cervical, third (ante- rior division). Motion and sensation. Cord. Communicating. Ascending, descending, and communicating fila- ments. NERVES 856 NERVES ■12 112 \ri. {^ [jl3 Brachial Portion of Musculo- cuTANKOus, Median AND Ulnar Nerves. Terminal Portion of Median Nerve and of Ulnar Nerve. . Musculo-cutaneous nerve. 2. Branch to coraco-brachialis 3. Branch to bi- ceps. 4. Branch to brachiaUs anticus. 5. Anastomotic branch from median. 6. Division of musculo-cutaneous. 7. Radial nerve. 8. Its external cutaneous branch. 9. Internal cutaneous. 10. Its anterior, or ulnar branch, ir. Upper portion of median and ulnar nerves. 12. Their middle portion. 13. Branch to pronator radii teres. 14. Trunk giving rise to anterior muscular branches, 15. Branches to flexor profundus digitorum. 16. Branch to flexor longus proprius pollicis. 17. Interosseous branches. 18. Palmar cutaneous branch. 19. Branch for muscles of thenar eminence. 20. External collateral branch to thumb. 21. Internal collateral branch. 22. External collateral branch to index finger. 23. Common trunk of internal collateral branch to index finger and external col- lateral branch to middle finger. 24. Trunk of internal collateral to middle finger and external collateral branch to ring finger. 25. Branch of ulnar nerve to flexor carpi ulnaris. 26. Branches to two inner fasciculi of flexor profundus digitorum. 27. Cutaneous and anastomotic filament. 28 Dorsal branch. 29. Superficial palmar branch. 30. Common trunk of internal collateral branch to ring finger and external collateral branch to little finger 31. Internal collateral branch to little finger. 32. Deep palmar branch. 33. Branch of the latter to hypothenar muscles. 34. Branches to muscles of fourth interosseous and to fourth lumbricalis. 35. Branches to muscles of third interosseous space and to third lumbricalis. 36. Branches to the adductor of the thumb and to the mus- cles of the first two interosseous spaces. Terminal Branches of the Radial Nerve. . Trunk of radial nerve. 2, Branch to supinator longus. 3. Branch to extensor carpi radialis longior. 4. Branch to extensor carpi radialis brevior. 5. Bifurcation. 6. Poste- rior, or muscular division. 7. This division traversing the supinator brevis, to which it furnishes several branches. 8. Its terminal branches. 9, 9. Anterior, or cutaneous division. 10. Terminal branches of this divi- sion. II Musculo-cutaneous nerve. 12, 12, 12. Its terminal branches. 13. One of its branches descending to the wrist and anastomosing with the cutaneous branch of the radial. NERVES 857 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES. — C(p«^2«a?fl?. Name. Function. Origin. Distribution. Branches. Cervical, third (poste- rior division). Motion and sensation. Cord. Occiput, splenius, corn- plexus. Interna], external, and fila- ments. Cervicals, 5th to 8th (anterior divisions). Motion and sensation. Cord. Brachial plexus. Communicating. Cervicals, 4th to 8th (posterior divisions). Motion and sensation. Cord. Muscles and skin of neck. Internal and external branches. Cervico-facial. Motion, Facial. Lower part of face and part of neck. Buccal, supra-maxillary, infra-maxillary. Chorda tympani. Motion. Facial. Tongue, tympanum, sub- maxillary gland. Filaments. Ciliary. Sensation, nutrition, motion. Ciliary ganglion. Eye-ball. Filaments. Circumflex. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Teres minor, deltoid and skin. Anterior, posterior and ar- ticular. Coccygeal. , Motion. Coccygeal plexus. Coccygeus and gluteus maximus. Filaments. Cochlear. Hearing. Auditory. Cochlea. Filaments. Colli, superficialis. Sensation. Cervical plexus. Platysma myoides and ven- tro-lateral parts of neck. Ascending and descending branches, filaments. Communicans hypo- glossi. See Communicans noni. Communicans noni. Motion and sensation. Second cervical, third cervical. Descendens noni, depres- sor muscles of hyoid bone. Omo-hyoid and filaments, ansa hypoglossi. Communicating. Motion and sensation. Cervical plexus. Spinal accessory. Branches. Communicating. Sensation and motion. First and second cer- vical. Vagus, hypoglossal, sym- pathetic. Three branches and fila- ments. Of Cotunnius. See NasO'Palatine nerve. Crural. Sensation. Genito-crural. Skin, upper and central part ant. aspect of thigh. Filaments. Crural, anterior. Motion and sensation. Lumbar plexus.second, third and fourth lum- bar nerves. Thigh. Middle and internal cuta- neous, long saphenous, muscular, articular. Cutaneous. Sensation. Musculo-spiral. Skin of arm, radial side of forearm . One internal, two external. Cutaneous. Sensation. Ulnar. Wrist and palm. ist and palmar cutapeous. Cutaneous (dorsal). Sensation. Ulnar. Little and ring Angers. Filaments and communi- cating branches. Cutaneous (external). Sensation. 2d and 3d lumbar. Skin of thigh. Anterior, posterior. Cutaneous (internal). Sensation. Brachial plexus. Forearm. Anterior and posterior branches and filaments. Cutaneous (lesser inter- nal) {of IVrisder^). Sensation. Brachial plexus. Inner side of arm. Filaments. Cutaneous (middle and internal). Sensation. Motion? Anterior crural. Thigh and communica- ting. Communicating and fila- ments. Cutaneous, perforating. Sensation. Fourth sacral. Integument covering glu- teus maximus. Filaments. Cyon's. See Depressor. Dental (inferior or man- dibular). Sensation. Inferior maxillary. Teeth, muscles. Mylo-hyoid, incisor, men- tal, dental. Dental, superior. See Dentals {posterior and anterior). Dentals (post, and ant.). Sensation. Superior maxillary. Teeth. Filaments. Depressor. Lowering of the blood-pressure. In the rabbit, from the vagus. Heart. Filaments. Descendens hypoglossi. Motor. Cervical plexus. Qmo-hyoid, sterno-hyoid. sterno-thyroid, thyro-hy- oid, genio-hyoid, hyo- glossus and muscles of tongue. Muscular, tongue. NERVES 858 NERVES Muscular Nerves of the Antero- INTERNAL ASPECT OF THE ThIGH. 1. Anterior crural nerve, z. Branches to iliacus muscle. 3. Branch to inner part of psoas. 4. Large cutaneous branch. 5, 6. Muscular filaments of small musculo-cutaneous branch. 7. Cutaneous branches. 8. Deep, or anastomotic filament of internal cuta- neous branch. 9. Branches to rectus femoris. 10. Branches to vastus ex- ternus. 11, 11. Branches to vastus internus. 12, 12. Internal saphenous nerve. 13. Its patellar branch. 14. Vertical, or tibial branch. 15, Obtu- rator nerve. 16. Branch to adductor longus. 17. Branch to adductor brevis. 18. Branch to gracilis. 19. Branch to adductor magnus 20. Lumbo-sacral trunk, 21. Union of this trunk and the first sacral nerve. 22, 22. Lumbar and sacral portions of sympathetic. 23. External inguino- cutaneous branch. External Popliteal, or Peroneal Nerve. .. External popliteal nerve. 2. Fibular cutaneous branch. 3. Communicans peronei. 4. External saphenous nerve, 5. Trunk formed by the union of the last two. 6. Calcanean branches. 7. Ex- ternal terminal branch. 8. Internal branch. 9,9. Musculo-cutaneous nerve. 10, TO. Its terminal branches. 11. Anas- tomosis of its external terminal branch with internal saphenous. 12. Anastomosis of internal terminal branch with ex- ternal. 13. Anterior tibial nerve. 14. Its terminal portion, anastomosing with the musculo-cutaneous and dividing to form the deep dorsal internal collateral branch to the great toe, and the external collateral branch to the second toe. The Great Sciatic Nerve. I. Superior gluteal nerve. ^. Inferior gluteal, or small sciatic nerve. 3, 3, 3. Branches to gluteus maximus. 4. Branch to pyriforrais. 5. Genitai branch of small sciatic. 6. Femoro- popliteal branch. 7, 7. Trunk of great sciatic. 8. Branch to longhead of biceps. 9. Branch to short head. 10, 10. Branches to semitendinosus. 11, II. Branches to semimembrano- sus. 12, 12. Branches to adductor magnus. 13. External popliteal. 14- Internal popliteal. 15. Filament to plantaris. 16, 16. Branches to gas- trocnemius. 17. Origin of external saphenous. NERVES 859 NERVES TABLE OF ^'E^Y'E.?,.— Continued. Name. Function. Origin. Distribution. Branches. Descendens noni. See Descendens hypo- glossi. Digastric. Motion. Facial. Posterior belly of digastric. Filaments. Dorsal, 12 (anterior and posterior divisions). Motion and sensation. Cord. Muscles and skin of chest and trunk. External, internal, cuta- neous. Dorsal (of clitoris). Homologue of dorsal of penis. Filaments. Dorsal (of penis'). Sensation. Pudic. Penis. Filaments. Esophageal. Motion. Vagus. Mucous and muscular coats of esophagus. Esophageal plexus. Facial. Sensation. Great auricular. Skin over parotid. Filaments. Facial (seventh cranial, portio dura). Motion. Floor of fourth ven- tricle. Face, ear, palate, tongue. Petrosals, tympanic, chor- da tympani, communicat- ing, post, auricular, digas- tric, stylo-hyoid, lingual, temporal, malar, infra- orbital, buccal, superior and inferior maxillary. Frontal. Sensation. Ophthalmic. Forehead and eyelids. Supra-orbital, supra-troch- lear. Gastric. Motion. Vagus. Stomach. Filaments. Genital. Motion and sensation. Genito-crural. Cremaster muscle. Filaments. Genito-c rural. Motion and sensation. First and second lum- bar. Cremaster and thigh. Genital, crural, communi- cating. Glosso-pharyngeal (ninth cranial). Sensation and taste. Fourth ventricle. Tongue, middle ear, ton- sils, pharynx, meninges. Tympanic, carotid, pharyngeal, muscular, tonsillar, lingual. Gluteal (inferior). Motion. Sacral plexus (2d and 3d sacral nerves). Gluteus maximus. Filaments. Gluteal (superior). Motion, Sacral plexus. Glutei, tensor vaginae fern. Filaments. Gustatory, See Lingual. Hemorrhoidal (inferior). Sensation and motion. Pudic. External sphincter ani, and adjacent integument. Filaments. Hepatic. (?) Vagus. Liver. Hepatic plexus. Hirschfeld's. Motion. Facial. Styloglossus and palato- glossus. Filaments. Hypogastric. Sensation. Ilio-hypogastric. Skin about external ab- dominal ring. Filaments. Hypoglossal (twelfth cranial). Motion. Floor of fourth ven- tricle. Hyo-glossus and hyoid muscles. Descendens noni or hypo- glossi, muscular, thyro- hyoid, genio-hyoid and meningeal. Iliac. Sensation. Ilio-hypogastric. Integument covering fore part of gluteal region. Filaments. Iliac. Sensation. Last dorsal. Integument covering fore part of gluteal region. Filaments. Ilio-hypogastric . Motion and sensation. First lumbar. Abdominal and gluteal regions. Iliac, hypogastric, com- municating. Ilio-inguinal. Motion and sensation. First lumbar. Inguinal region and scro- tum. Muscular, cutaneous and communicating. Incisive. Sensation. Inferior dental. Canine and incisor teeth and corresponding gums. Filaments. Infra-mandibular. See Infror-maxillary. Infra-maxillarj'. Motion. Facial. Platysma myoides. Filaments. Infra-orbital. Sensation and motion. Facial. Nose and lip. Palpebral, nasal, labial. Infra-trochlear. Sensation. Nasal. Skin and conjunctiva of inner part of eye, lacry- mal sac. Filaments. Intercostal. Motion and sensation. Spinal cord. Muscles and integument of thorax. Muscular, anterior and lat- eral cutaneous. NERVES 860 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES.— a>«if;«a^(^. Name. Function. Origin. Distribution. Branches. Intercostohumeral. Sensation. Second intercostal. Integument of upper two- thirds of inner and poste- rior part of arm. Filaments. Interosseous (anterior). Motion. Median. Deep muscles of forearm. Filaments. Intefosseous (posterior). Motion and sensation. Musculo-spiral. Carpus and radial and pos- terior brachial regions. Filaments. Jacobson's. See Tympanic, of the glosso-pharyngeaL Labial. Motion and sensation. Superior maxillary. Muscles and mucous mem- brane of lips. Filaments. Lacrymal . Sensation. Ophthalmic. Gland and conjunctiva. Filaments. Of Lancisi. Longitudinal stria- tions on upper sur- face of corpus cal- losum. Laryngeal (recurrent or inferior). Motion. Vagus. Larynx. Branches to all laryngeal mus. except crico-thyroid. Laryngeal (superior). Sensation and motion. Vagus. Larynx. External — eric o-thyroid muscle and thyroid gland. Internal —mucous mem- brane of larynx. Lingual. Motion and sensation. Facial. Mucous membrane of tongue, palato-glossus and stylo-giossus mus- cles. Filaments. Lingual. Sensation. Glosso-pharyngeal. Circumvallate papillae and glands of tongue. Filaments. Lingual. Taste and sensation. Inferior maxillary. Tongue and mouth. Filaments. Lumbar (5). Motion and sensation. Cord. Lumbar and genital tis- sues. Anterior and posterior di- visions, lumbar plexus. Malar. Motion. Facial. Lower part of orbicularis palpebrarum, and eye- lids. Filaments. Malar. Sensation. Orbital. Skin over malar bone. Filaments. Mandibular. See Maxillary, infe rior. Masseteric. Motor. Inferior maxillary. Masseter muscle (and tem- poral?). Filaments. Mastoid. Sensation. Great auricular. Skin over mastoid process. Filaments. Mastoid. Motion. Lesser occipital. Skin over mastoid process. Filaments. Maxillary (inferior). Sensation, motion, and taste. Trigeminus. Muscles of mastication, ear, cheek, tongue, teeth. Masseteric, auriculo-tem- poral, buccal, gustatoiy, mferior dental. Maxillary (superior). Sensation. Trigeminus. Cheek, face, teeth. Orbital, spheno-palatine, dentals, infra-orbital. Median. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Pronator radii teres, flexors, two lumbricales, fingers, palms. Muscular, anterior inter- osseous, palmar cuta- neous. Meningeal. Sensation. Glosso-ph ary ngeal . Pia and arachnoid. Filaments. Meningeal. Sensation, Hypoglossal. Dura mater. Filaments. Meningeal. Sensation. Vagus. Dura around lateral sinus. Filaments. Meningeal, recurrent. Sensation. Inferior maxillary. Dura and mastoid cells. Filaments. Mental. Motion and sensation. Inferior maxillary. Mucous membrane of lower lip and chin. Filaments. Motor oculi (third cra- nial). Motion. Floor of aqueduct of Sylvius. All musclesof the eye, ex- cept external rectus, su- perior oblique, and orbic- ularis palpebrarum. Filaments. Muscular. Motion and sensation. First and second cer- vical. Rec. cap. lat., irec. anterior major et minor. Filaments. Muscular. Motion and sensation. Cervical plexus. Stern o-mastoid, lev. ang. scap., seal, med., trapez. Filaments. NERVES 861 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES.— Coniinueii. Namk. Function. Origin. Distribution. Branches. Muscular. Motion. Brachial plexus. Longus colli, scaleni, rhomboidei, subclavius. Filaments. Muscular. Motion. ..Musculo-spiral. Triceps, anconeus, sup- inat. long., extens. carpi rad. long., brach, antic. Internal, posterior, ex- ternal. Muscular. Motion. Median. Superficial muscles of fore- arm. Filaments. Muscular. Motion. Ulnar. Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor profundus digitorum. Two branches. Muscular. Motion. Great sciatic. Biceps, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, adduc- tor magnus. Filaments. Muscular. Motion. Sacral plexus. Pyriformis, obturator int., gemelli, quad, femoris. Filaments. Muscular. Motion. Anterior crural. Pectineus and muscles of thigh. Filaments. Musculocutaneous. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Coraco-brach., biceps, brach. anticus, forearm. Anterior and posterior. Musculo-cutaneous. Motion and sensation. External popliteal. Muscles of fibular side of leg, skin of dorsum of foot. Internal, external. Musculo-spiral. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Back of arm and forearm, skin of back of hand. Musculo-cutaneous, radial, posterior interosseous. Mylo-hyoid. Motion. Inferior maxillary. Mylo-hyoid and digastric muscles. Filaments. Nasal. Sensation. Dental, anterior. Mucous membrane of inferior meatus. Filaments. Nasal. Sensation. Maxillary, superior. Integument of lateral as- pect of nose. Filaments. Nasal. Sensation. Ophthalmic. Iris, ciliary ganglion, nose. Ganglionic, ciliary, infra- trochlear. Nasal, inferior. Sensation. Anterior palatine. Mucous membrane of nose. Filaments. Nasal, superior. Sensation. Meckel's ganglion. Mucous membrane of nose and post, ethmoid cells. Filaments. Naso-palatine (of Cotun- nius). Sensation. Meckel's ganglion. Nasal septum. Filaments Obturator. Motion and sensation. Lumbar plexus, third and fourth nerves. Obturator externus, ad- ductors, joint and skin. Ant. and post, articulating and communicating. Obturator (accessory). Motion and sensation. Lumbar plexus. Pectineus and hip-joint. Filaments. Occipital, smallest or 3d.- Sensation. Third cervical. Integument of occiput. Filaments. Occipitalis, lesser or minor. Sensation. Second cervical. Occipito-frontalis, ear, etc. Communicating, auricular, filaments. Occipitalis magnus. Motion and sensation. Second cervical. Complexus, trap, and scalp. Filaments. Oculo-motor. See Motor oculi. Olfactory (first cranial). Smell. Frontal lobe, optic thalamus and insula. Schneiderian membrane of nose. Twenty branches. Ophthalmic. Sensation. Trigeminus. Forehead, eyes, nose. Frontal, lacrymal, nasal. Optic (second cranial). Sight. Cortical center in oc- cipital lobe. Retina, None. Orbital. Sensation. Meckel's ganglion. Mucosa of posterior ethmoid cells, and sphenoid sinus. Filaments. Orbital. Sensation. Superior maxillary. Temple and cheek. Temporal and malar. Orbito-temporal. See Orbital {of supe rior maxillary). Palatine, anterior or great. Sensation. Meckel's ganglion. Hard palate, gums and nose. Two inferior nasal. Palatine, external. Sensation. Meckel's ganglion. Tonsil and soft palate. Filaments. Palatine, posterior or small. Motor. Meckel's ganglion. Levator palati and azygos uvulas. Filaments. Palmar cutaneous. Sensation. Median. Thumb and palm. Outer and inner. NERVES 862 NERVES TABLE OF NEKVES.— Continued. Name. FUNCTIOK. Origin. Distribution. Branches. Palmar (deep). Motion. Ulnar. Little finger, dorsal and palmar interosseous, two inner lumbricales, ab- ductor poUicis. Filaments. Palmar (superficial). Sensation and motion. Ulnar. Palmaris brevis, inner side of hand and little finger. Filaments and two digital branches. Palpebral. Motor. Superior maxillary. Integument of lower lid. Filaments. Parotid. Sensation. Auriculo-temporal . Parotid gland. Filaments. Patellar. Sensation. Long saphenous. Integument over patella and plexus patellee. Filaments. Patheticus (4th cranial). Motion. Valve of Vieussens. Superior oblique of eye. None. Pectineus. Motion. Anterior crural. Pectineus muscle. Filaments. Perforating (of Casser). See Musculo-cuta neous. Perineal. Motion and sensation. Pudic. Perineum, genitalia and skin of perineal region. Cutaneous and muscular. Perineal. Motion and sensation. Fourth sacral. External sphincter ani and integument of anus. Filaments. Petrosals. Motion. Facial. Ganglia and plexus. Great, small, external to Meckel's ganglion j otic ganglion, and meningeal plexus, respectively. Pharyngeal. Motion and sensation. Glosso-ph ary ngeai . Pharynx. Enters into formation oi pharyngeal plexus. Pharyngeal. Sensation. Meckel's ganglion. Upper part of p h a r y n x. posterior n a r e s and sphenoid sinus. Filaments. Pharyngeal. Motion. Vagus. Pharynx. Pharyngeal plexus, mus- cles and mucosa. Pharyngeal. Sensation. Sympathetic. Pharynx. Helps to form the pharyn- geal plexus. Phrenic. Motion and sensation. Third, fourth, and fifth cervical. Diaphragm, pericardium, pleura. Filaments. Plantar (external). Motion and sensation. Posterior tibial. Little toe and deep mus- cles of foot. Superficial and deep. Plantar (internal). Sensation and motion. Posterior tibial. Sole of foot, adduct. pol- lic, fiexor brev. dig., toes. Cutjaneous, muscular, articular, digital. Pneumogastric (tenth cranial, "par vagum"). Sensation and motion. Floor of fourth ven- tricle. Ear, pharynx, larynx, heart, lungs, esophagus, stomach. Auricular, pharyngeal, superior and inferior laryngeal, recurrent la- ryngeal, cardiac, pul- monary, esophageal, gas- tric, hepatic, communi- cating, meningeal. Popliteal (external). Sensation and motion. Great sciatic. Extensors of foot, skin, and fascia. Anterior tibial, musculo- cutaneous, articular, cutaneous. Popliteal (internal). Motion and sensation. Great sciatic. Knee, gastrocnemius, tibi- alis posticus, plantaris, soleus, popliteus, skin of foot. Articular, muscular, cuta- neous, externa! saphen- ous, plantar, external or short saphenous. Pterygoid, external. Motion. Inferior maxillary. External pterygoid muscle. Filaments. Pterygoid, internal. Motion. Inferior maxillary. Internal pterygoid muscle. Filaments. Pudendal, lone (nerve of Soemmering). Sensation. Small sciatic. Integument of genitalia and inner and proximal part of thigh. Filaments. Pudic. Motion and sensation. Sacral plexus. Perineum, anus, genitalia. Inferior hemorrhoidal,peri- neal, cutaneous, dorsal of penis. Pulmonary (anterior and posterior). (?)■ Vagus. Lungs. Branches to pulmonary plexuses. NERVES 863 NERVES TABLE OF NERVES.— Co«i^»«f(/. Name. Function. Origin. Distribution. Branches. Radial. Sensation. Musculo-cutaneous. Thumb and three fingers. External and internal. Sacral (five). Motion and sensation. Cord. Multifidus spinse, skin, gluteal region. Filaments and sacral plexus. Saphenous (external or short). Sensation. Internal popliteal. Integument of foot and little toe. Filaments. Saphenous (long or in- ternal). Sensation. Anterior crural. Knee, ankle. Cutaneous, patellar, com- municating, filaments. Of Scarpa. See Naso-palatine. Sciatic (great). Motion and sensation. Sacral; plexus. Skin of ie^, muscles of back of thigh and those of leg and foot. Articular, muscular, pop- liteals. Sciatic (small). Sensation and motion. Sacral plexus. Perineum, back of thigh and leg, gluteus maximus. Muscular, cutaneous, long pudendal. Septal. Sensation. Meckel's ganglion. Back part of nasal septum. Filaments. Of Soemmering. See Pudendal^ Long. Spheno-palatine. Sensation. Superior maxillary. Meckel's ganglion. See Ganglion. Spinal. Motion and sensation. Spinal cord. Trunk. Filaments. Spinal accessory (eleventh cranial). Motion. Floor of fourth ventri- cle. Stemo-cleido -mastoid, trapezius. Filaments. Splanchnic (great). Sympathetic. Thoracic ganglia. Semilunar ganglion, renal and supra -renal plexuses. Communicating and fila- ments. Splanchnic (lesser). Sympathetic. Tenth and eleventh thoracic ganglia, great splanchnic. Celiac plexus and great splanchnic. Communicating and fila- ments. Splanchnic (renal or smallest). Sympathetic- Last thoracic ganglion. Renal and celiac plexus. Communicating and fila- ments. Stapedial. Motion. Facial. Stapedius muscle. Filaments. Stylo-hyoid. Motion, Facial. Stylo-hyoid muscle. Filaments. Subscapular (three). Motion. Brachial plexus. Subscapular, teres major, and latissimus dorsi. Filaments. Supra-acromial. Sensation. Cervical plexus. Skin over deltoid. Filaments. Supra-clavicular (de- scending). Sensation. Third and fourth cer- vical. Skin of neck, breast and shoulder. Sternal, clavicular, acro- mial. Supra-mandibular. See Maxillary^ supe rior. Supra-maxillary. See Maxillary^ supe rior. Supra-orbital. Sensation. Ophthalmic. Upper lid, forehead. Muscular, cutaneous and pericranial branches. Supra-scapular. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Scapular muscles. Filaments. Supra-sternal. Sensation. Cervical plexus. Integument over upper part of sternum. Filaments. Supra-trochlear. Sensation. Ophthalmic. Forehead and upper eyelid. Muscular and cutaneous. Sympathetic. See Sympathetic, Gan glion, and Plexus. Temporal. Motion. Inferior maxillary. Temporal muscle. Filaments. Temporal. Sensation. Orbital. Integument over temporal muscle. Filaments. Temporal. Motion. Temporo-facial. Orbicularis palpebrarum, occipito-frontalis, attra- hensandattollens aurem, corrugator supercilii. Muscular. Temporal, superficial. Sensation. Auri culo-temporal . Integument over temporal fascia. Filaments. Temporo-facial. Motion. Facial. Upper part of face. Temporal, malar, infra-« orbital. Temporo-malar. See Orbital. NESTIS 884 NETTLE TABLE OF H'E.^V'ES.—ConHnued. Name. Function. Origin. Distribution. Branches. Thoracic (posterior or long). External respi- ratory nerve of Bell. Motion. Brachial plexus. Serratus magnus. Filaments. Thoracic, spinal. Motion and sensation. Cord. Muscles of skin of thorax. Filaments. Thoracics (ant. and ext.)- Motion. Brachial plexus. Pectoralis major et minor. Filaments. Tibial (anterior). Motion and sensation. External popliteal. Tibialis antic, extensor long, digit. , peroneus ter., joints of foot, skin of great toe. Muscular, external, inter- nal. Tibial (posterior). Motion and sensation. Internal popliteal. Tibialis post., flexor long, digit., flexor long. poUic, skm of heel and sole, knee-joint. Plantars, muscular, cal- caneo-plantar, cutaneous or internal calcanean, ar- ticular. Tonsillar. Sensation. Glosso-pharyngeal. Tonsil, soft palate, and fauces. Filaments. Trigeminus or trifacial tfiflh cranial). Motion and sensation (taste). Medulla and floor of fourth ventricle. Skin and structures of face, tongue and teeth. Ophthalmic, superior and mferior max. divisions. Trochlear. See Patheticus. Tympanic. Motion. Facial. Stapedius and laxator tympani muscles. Filaments. Tympanic. Sensation. Sympathetic. Tympanum. Filaments. Tympanic {Jacobson's nerve). Motion. Glosso-pharyngeal. Tympanum. Tympanic plexus, commu- nicating, and filaments. Ulnar. Motion and sensation. Brachial plexus. Muscles, shoulder-joint and wrist-joint, and skin of little finger. Two articular, muscular, palmar cutaneous, dor- sal, superior palmar, deep palmar. Vagus. See Pneumogastric. Vestibular. Sensation. Auditory. Utricle and ampullae of the semicircular canals. Filaments. Vidian. Sensation. Union of large super- ficial and deep petro- sal. Spheno-maxillary fossa, and posterior part of upper nasal meatus. Filaments, nasal. Of Willis. See Spinal accessory. Wrisberg's. See Cutaneous, lesser internal. Nestis {nes'-tis) [i/^unf, fasting]. Fasting. Nestitherapy [nes-tith-er' -ap-e) . See Nestiatria. Nestle's Food. A variety of milk-food for infants. Its composition is: Water, 4.72; fat, 1. 91; grape- sugar and milk-sugar, 6.02 ; cane-sugar, 32.93 ; starch, 40.10; soluble carbohydrates, 44.88; albuminoids, 8.23; ash, 1.59. Nestoposia {nes-top-o' -ze-aK) [v^aTic;, fasting ; ndaic, drinking]. Drinking on an empty stomach. Net [ME., nei, net]. A reticulation or cancellation ; a web or mesh ; a rete ; anything formed with inter- stices or meshes, hke a net. N., Bathygraphic, or N., Bathographic Zone, a deep-sea closable net em- ployed in the study of the many different faunal belts overlying one another in the great deep-sea zones, designed by Palumbo, Petersen, Chun, etc. N., Mijller's, the "fine pelagic net" of Johannes Miiller, a round bag of Muller gauze or silk mull, the mouth of which is kept open by a circular metallic ring. In ordinary pelagic fishing this ring is fastened to a handle from six to twelve feet long (like the ordinary butterfly net) . While the boat moves along the opening of this net is held at the surface in such a way that swimming animals are caught in the bag, in the bot- tom of which they remain hanging, while the water passes through the narrow meshes of the net. After a time the net is carefully inverted and the tow-stuff (Auftriei) is emptied into a glass vessel filled with sea-water. If one wishes to fish below the surface, the ring of the net is fastened by means of three strings equally distant from one another, which at a point (about three feet from the opening of the net) are joined to a longer line which is sunk by weights to a definite distance corresponding to the desired depth. [E. HtBckel.') N., Palumbo's. See N., Bathygra- phic. N.-work, the arrangement of fibers in a retic- ulum. Network, Gerlach's, a network of processes of nerve-cells found in the gray matter of the spinal cord. Network, Haller's, the rete testis. Netraneurysm [net-ran' -u-rizm) [yijTfiov, spindle ; avehpifffia, aneurysm]. A fusiform aneurysm. Nettle {net'-l) [ME., nettle, nettle]. The root of Urtica dioica, the common stinging-nettle, a common domestic remedy for renal complaints and hemorrhages. It is astringent, diuretic, and antiscorbutic. Dose of the fid. ext. rT\^xx-xl. Unof. N.-fever, urticaria, y. J'. N. -fiber, one of the bast-fibers of the common nettle (Urtica dioica). When cleaned these fibers are soft, of good length and strength, and quite lustrous and white. N.-rash. See Urticaria. NETTLING-CELL 865 NEURATROEjHIA Nettling-cell [net'-ling-sel). See Lasso-cell. Nettorrhynchus {net-or-in'-kus) [nyrrrt, duck ; p'uyxoQ, bill , snout]. A pseudoparasite present in human feces. See Parasites {Animal), Table of. Neubauer's Artery. See Arteries, Table of. N.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. Meubauer and Vogel's Reagent and Test. See Tests, Table of. Neuber's Tubes. Decalcified bone drainage-tubes. Neufchiltel Cheese. See Cheese. Neugebauer's Operation. See Le Fort's Operation, under Operations, Table of. Neumann, Corpuscles of. See Corpuscle. N.'s Dentinal Sheath, an elastic homogeneous mem- brane between Tomes' fibers and the ivory of the dentinal canals. N.'s Hematoblasts. Same as N.'s Corpuscles. N.'s Membrane. Same as N.'s Dentinal Sheath. N.'s Sheath. &te N.'s Dentinal Sheath. Neurad {nu'-rad) \ytvpm>, a nerve ; ad, to]. Tovyard the neural aspect or axis. Neuradynamia [nu-rad-in-a'-me-ah). See Neuras- thenia. Ne\iradyna.mic (nurad-in-am'-ih). See Neurasthenic. Neuraemia {nu-re'-me-ah). Use Neuremia. Neuragmia {nu-rag' -me-ah) \yevpov, nerve ; ayjidQ, a breaking]. The bruising or tearing of a nerve-trunk above or belowr its ganglion for the purpose of study- ing the trophic changes that will -follow. Also called the Neuragmic Method. Neuragmic (nu-rag' -mik) \ytvpov, a. nerve ; ay/io;, a breaking]. Pertaining to neuragmia. N. Method. See Neuragmia. Neural [nu'-rel] \yevpov, nerve]. I. Pertaining to nerves. 2. Richard Owen's term for that surface or aspect of the body which in progressive motion is car- ried upright and directed backward in man, and hom- ologous surfaces indicated by the position of the ner- vous and vascular centers, which surfaces are horizontal and carried respectively upward and downward in ver- tebrates below mankind, but are carried downward an 1 upward respectively in the invertebrates. See Dorsal. N. Arch, the arch formed by the two neurapophyses, and forming the dorsal cover of each section of the spinal canal. N. Axis, the spinal cord. N. Canal, • ' the dorsal tube of the embryo, formed by the union of the dorsal folds of the lateral tract above the line of the embryonic axis. N. Crest. See Crest. N. Foramen, the vertebral foramen. See Foramina, Table of. N. Furrow, a furrow of the blastoderm giving rise to a part of the nervous system in insects. It is an invagination occurring later than the gas- trula mouth, and exactly in the location from which the latter disappeared, but having no connection with it whatever. N. Groove, the same as the Me- dullary Groove, q. v. N. Lamina, the lateral portion of the neural arch of a vertebra. N. Metamere, a seg- ment of the vertebral column and spinal cord. N. Plate, the structure formed by the paired cerebral rudiments in the embryos of certain worms, arising as products of the ectoderm, sinking below the surface and becoming mesodermal. It is the same as Medul- lary Plate. N. Rows, two rows of cells that develop anteriorly from the neuroblasts, in the embryo of worms, and form the rudiments of the ventral cord. N. Tube, the closed medullary groove of the epiblast. Neuralgia (nu-raV -je-ali) [_veiimv, nerve ; a7i,yog, pain]. A severe paroxysmal pain in the area of distribution of a nerve or along its course. .Age, sex, heredity, and anemia are iinportant predisposing causes. The true nature of neuralgia is obscure ; it is possible that in many cases the cause is an inflammatory or circulatory 55 disturbance in the nerve-trunk. Among exciting causes cold and traumatism play an important r3le. Certain disease-poisons, as those of typhoid fever, variola, malaria, and metallic poisons, such as lead, arsenic, copper, mercury, in addition to alcohol and nicotin, are sometimes causative agents of neuralgia. Gout and diabetes also occasionally give rise to neu- ralgia. Finally, there is a class of so-called reflex neuralgias met with in connection with uterine and ovarian disease and occurring in remote organs. Lesions of the central nervous system also give rise to attacks of neuralgic pain. According to their anatomic situation the following foims of neuralgia are de- scribed : trigeminal, tic douloureux or prosopalgia, the most frequent variety ; cervico-occipital ; cervico-bra- chial and brachial ; intercostal ; sciatica or ischias ; coccygodynia ; visceral neuralgias. N.cerebralis. A synonyva oi ffemicrania. N. dentalis. See Odon- talgia. N., False, nerve- pains due to mechanical compression of a nerve. N. mesenterica. A synonym of Enteralgia. N., Red. See Erythrome- lalgia. NGUTsilgic {nu-ral^-ji^) \y£vpov, nerve; akyoq, pain]. Pertaining to, or aff'ected vfith, neuralgia. Neurameba {nu-ram-e' -bah) [vevpov, nerve ; a/ioipi/, change]. In biology, a nerve-cell regarded as an organism. Cf Myameba, Osteameba. Neuramebimeter (nu-ram-eb-im' -et-er) \yei)pov, nerve ; ap.0L^fl, return; fierpov, measure]. The nerve-reply measurer ; an instrument devised by Exner and usetl in psycho-physics to obtain the reaction-time of ner- vous impressions. Neuranagenesis [nu-ran- aj-en' -es -is) [yevpov, nerve; avayevvaein, to renew]. Regeneration or renewal of nerve-tissue. Neuranagennema (»» - ran - aj- en'- em. - ah) \ytvpov, nerve; avaykmtifia, that which is renewed]. The re- generated part of a nerve. Neuranaphysis ( nu - ran -af- is - is ) \yevpov, nerve ; a,va(pveiv, to grow again]. The renewal, or renewed growth of the nerve-elements. Neurapophysis («;<-;-«/- o^' - at - 2j) f^vevpov, nerve; aTt6uci,Q, offshoot]. Either one of the two apophyses on each vertebra which blend and form the neural arch, or the dorsal wall of the spinal foramen. Neurasthenia [nu-ras-then-i' -ah) [yevpov, nerve ; anfthem, weakness]. A group of symptoms resulting from debility or exhaustion of the nerve-centers. Among the more common symptoms are a lack of energy, undue readiness of fatigue, disinclination to activity, a sense of fulness or pressure at the top of the head; pain in the back, impaired memory, and disturbed sleep; gastro-intestinal symptoms, such as anorexia, constipation, fulness after eating, are com- mon ; and amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea in females, and spermatorrhea and impotence in the male, are frequent accompaniments. N., Cerebral, is marked by depression, inability to concentrate the mind, insomnia, irritability, headache, visual disturbances, etc. N. gastrica, feeble digestion of a purely nervous origin. N., Spinal, commonly known as spinal irritation, is characterized by pain in the back, tender points along the spine, weakness of the ex- tremities, great prostration on slight exertion, neuralgic pains, and other nervous manifestations. Neurasthenic (nu-ras-theu'-ik) \_vevpov, nerve ; aaftl- vF.ia, weakness]. Relating to, or characterized by, neurasthenia. Neuration (nu-ra'-shun). Same as Nervation. Neurat^ophia {nu-rat-ro' fe-ah')[ymipov.,ne.r'ie. ; arpo^'a, atrophy]. Atrophy, or impaired nutrition, of a nerve, or nerves. NEURAXIS 866 NEURITIS Neuraxis (nu-raks' -is) \yzvpm, nerve ; axis, axis]. The neural axis ; neuron. Neure {itur) \yeTipm>, nerve]. A nerve-cell including all its processes. Neurectasis, Neurectasy [nu-rek'-tas-is, nu-rek'- tas-e) \vt.vpav, nerve; iKraaig, stretching]. Nerve- stretching. Neurectomy {nu-rek^ -to-me) \yzvpov, nerve; ektoiitj, excision]. The operation of excisin;j part of a nerve. Neurectopia {nu-rek-to^ -pe-aK) \yEvpQv, nerve ; ^/croTrof , out of place]. Displacement, or other abnormity of the distribution of a nerve. Neuremia [nu-re^ -me-ah) \ytvpQv, nerve ; atfia, blood]. A pyrely functional nervous disorder. Neurempodism ( nu-revi' -po-dizm ) [ vevpov, nerve ; E/i7ro(5(iT//(if,' hindrance]. Interference with nervous action. Neurenteric [itu-ren-ter' -ik) [veijpov, nerve ; kwEpov, intestine]. Pertaining to the embryonic neural canal and the intestinal tube. N. Canal, the temporary communication existing bH:ween the neural canal and the intestinal tube in Tunicates and Vertebrates. It was discovered by Kowalevsky in Ascidians and Am- phioxus, and is called also Kowalevsky s Canal. See Ca7ial. Neurepithelium ( nu-rep-ith-e' -le-um ). See Neuro- epitkelium. Neuria {^nu' -re-afi) \yEvpov, nerve] . Nervous tissue ; a delicate layer of nerve-substance. Neuriasis (nu-ri' -as-is) \ysvpov, nerve]. Hysteric hypochondriasis. Neuriatry (nu-ri' -at-re) \ytvpov, nerve ; larpe/a, ther- apy]. The study and treatment of nervous diseases. Neuric (nu'-rik) [yevpov nerve]. Pertaining to a nerve or to nerves. Neuricity {nu-ris' -it-e) [Fr. , neuricit^, from vevpov, nerve]. Nerve-force ; nervous quality, or function. Neuridin (nu' -rid-in) [yevpov, a nerve], C^H^N,;. A ptomain, the first diamin isolated from animal tissues by Brieger in 1884. It is one of the most common products of putrefaction ; it has been obtained from putrid human flesh, horseflesh, fish, gelatin and cheese. It can be obtained in the preparation of cholin by heating fresh eggs with baryta, and by heating fresh brain with a two per cent, solution of hydrochloric acid. It is almost invariably associated with cholin in the process of putrefaction ; according to the dura- tion of putrefaction, the amount of cholin decreases, with a corresponding increase in the amount of tri- methylamin, while the amount of neuridin increases in quantity according to the nature of the decomposing organ. The greatest yield is from gelatinous tissue, such as the intestines ; tissues like those of the liver and spleen yield little. Neuridin is isomeric with cadaverin. The free base has an excessively repulsive seminal odor. It is soluble in water, but not in ether and alco- hol. Pure neuridin is not poisonous, but when mixed with the products of putrefaction, it has a toxic effect like peptotoxin. This holds true of other non-poison- ous bases. .See Ptomains, Table of. Neurilemma (nu-ril-eni' -ah) [vevpov, nerve ; 7ii/cfia, bar'<]. The sheath encasing a nerve-liber; the sheath of Schwann. See Nerve-fib°r. Neurilemmatic (nu-ril-em-at'-ik) \yApm\ nerve; T^fina, bark]. Pertaining to the neurilemma. Neurilemmitis [nuril-em-i'-tis) [meJi/^iv, nerve ; Xkfifia, bark ; iti^, inflammation]. Inflammation of the neuri- lemma. Neurility [nu-ril' -it-e) {¥r. nevriliK, from vevpov, nerve]/ ..The stimulus or power possessed by a nerve- iiber to cause contraction of a muscle ; neuricity. Neurilyma (nu-ril i'-mah) . Synonym of Neurilemma. Neurin (nu'-rin) \yevpov, nerve], i. The albuminous basis forming the substance of nerve-tissue. 2. Cj- HjjNO ; a toxic body, one of the ptomains, the pro- duct of decomposition of protagon by caustic baryta. It is a syrupy fluid, with a strongly alkaline reaction, and is extremely soluble in water. See Ptomains, Table of. 3. An extract of nerve-tissue employed therapeutically. See Organotherapy. Neuriorhabdium ( nu-re-or-ab' -de-um) [yevpim, nerve ; l>ajiSiov, rod ; pi. Neuriorliabdia'\. Any one of the rods of the rod-and-cone layer of the retina. Neurischias (nu-ris' -ke-as) [ysvpov, nerve ; laxiaQ, pain in the loins]. Neuralgia in the loins, Neurism (nu'-rizm) [wipov, nerve]. I. Nerve-force; neurility; neuricity. 2. Nervousness. Neuristos (nu-ris' -tos) [yevpov, nerve ; Iffriif tissue]. Nerve-tissue. Neuritic (nu-rit'-ik) [yevpov nerve; ltlq, inflammation]. Pertaining to neuritis. Neuritides (nu-rit-i' -dii) . Same as Neuroses. Neuritis (nu-ri' -tis) [yevpov, nerve ; trjf, inflammation]. Inflammation of a nerve, especially of a nerve-trunk. The nerve-structure itself is said to be little subject to inflammation, which is usually confined to the cover- ings, and therefore the condition is more properly \.&rm.^d. perineuritis. N., Acute, an acute inflammation of a nerve. N., Adventitial, inflammation affecting especially the connective-tissue sheath of a nerve. N., Alcoholic. See N., Multiple ^ ani Polyneuritis pota- torum. N., Ascending, inflammation extending from the periphery of a nerve centrad to the spinal cord or brain. N., Carcinomatous, infiltration of a nerve with carcinomatous tissue. N., Chronic, a form pur- suing a protracted course, and with symptoms not actively manifested. N., Degenerative, neuritis in which the nerve-substance proper degenerates. It is the same as N., Parenchymatous. N., Descend- ing, neuritis, the result of extension of disease from the spinal cord or the brain toward the periphery. N., Diabetic, a polyneuritis sometimes seen in diabetes, and probably the result of autointoxication with the products of faulty metabolism. N.j Eichhorst's. See N.faseians. N., Endemic. A synonym of Beri-beri. N. fascians, that form of neuritis in which the change in the nerve-sheath appears to extend directly to the interstitial tissue of the muscles. It is also called Eichhorsfs Neuritis. N., Interstitial, in- flammation of the interstitial connective tissue of a nerve-trunk, N., Leprous, a neuritis or perineuritis due to the Bacillus leprts or a toxin produced by it. N., Lipomatous, that form in which the nerve-fibers are completely destroyed and replaced by a fibrous con- nective tissue in which much fat is sometimes depos- ited. It is also called Leyden's Neuritis. N., Malarial, neuritis, sometimes multiple due to the mala- rial poison. N., Migrant, Migratory or Wandering, one that changes its position from place to place. N., Multiple, the simultaneous inflammation of several nerve-trunks, usually symmetrically situated on both sides of the body. Its most common cause is alcoholic poisoning ; it maybe due to arsenic, malaria, mercury, lead; to diphtheria, pneumonia, typhoid fever, and other infectious diseases. Beri-beri is a form of mul- tiple neuritis. N., Optic, inflammation of the optic nerve. See Papillitis. N., Parenchymatous, a form in which the medullary substance and the axis- cylinders are chiefly involved, the interstitial tissue being but little altered or only affected secondarily. It is also called degenerative neuritis, N., Per- ipheral, a form confined to the terminal filaments of nerves. N., Pressure, inflammation of a nerve as a NEURO- 867 NEURO-KERATIN result of compression. N., Pressure, Musculo- spiral, inflammation of the musculo-spiral nerve from pressure usually by the head on the arm rested upon a sharp edge during alcoholic intoxication. N., Rheu- matic, that due to rheumatism. N., Terminal. See Erythromelalgia. N., Wandering. See N. , Migrant. Neuro- [nu'-ro-) \yEvpov, nerve]. A prefix signifying conneciion with or relation to a nerve. Neuro-anatomy («a-r»-a«-(2/'-o-/»i?) \yevpov, nerve; avd, apart; re/ivstv, to cut]. The anatomy of the nervous system. Neuroasthenia [nu-ro-as-the'-ne-ah). Same as Neu- rasthenia. Neuroasthenic {nu-ro-as-then'-ii). Same as Neu- rasthenic. Neuroblacia (nu-ro-bla-se' -ah) \yevpov, nerve; jlTiaKeia, dulness; /3Aaf, dull]. Paresis; obtundity of ner- vous sensibility. Neuroblast [nu' -ro-blasi) [yevpov, nerve ; ^^aardf, germ]. Any segmentation-sphere whose division gives origin to cells that belong to the nervous system exclusively; a mesodermal nerve-cell or ganglion-cell. Neurocanal (nu-ro-kan-al') [ysvpov, nerve ; canalis, canal]. The central canal of the spinal axis. Neurocardiac {nu-ro-kar' -de-ak') [yevpon, nerve; mpdia, heart]. Pertaining to the nervous system and the heart. N.-c. Disease. Synonym of Exophthalmic Goiter. NeuTOcele [nu'-ro-sll) \_vevpov, nerve; KoiXia, hollow]. The system of cavities and ventricles in the cerebro- spinal axis. Neurocentral [nu-ro-sen'-tral) [ysvpov, nerve ; idvTpov, center]. Relating to the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra. NeuTOchon(|rous [nu-ro-kon' -drus) [yevpov, cord ; x^'^' Spo^, cartilage]. Fibro-cartilaginous. Neurochord [nu'-ro-kord) [vsvpov, nerve; xop^t chord or string]. The nerve-chord. N. Strands, or Giant Nerve-tubes, tubes with a wide lumen and wall formed of neurilemma, which run back in varying but always small numbers on the dorsal side of the ventral chord of the Annulata and Thoracostraca. Neurocrane {nu' -ro-krdn) [vtvpov, nerve; Kpaviov, skull]. The brain-case, or cranial portion of the head. Neurocranial [nu-ro-kra'-ne-al) [vevpov, nerve; Kpa- wov, skull]. Pertaining to the neurocrane. HsMTocyte [nu' -ro-sit) [vevpov, nerve; idiroQ, cell]. A nerve-cell ; the essential element of nervous structures. Neurodealgia {nu-ro-de-al' -je-ah) [vevpi>6riQ, nerve-like; the retina ; akyoq, pain] . Retinal pain. Neurodeatrophia [nu-ro-de-at-ro'-fe-ah) [vevp6Sri(, retina; ot/do^ a, atrophy]. Atrophy of the retina. Neurodermatosis {nn-ro-der-mat-o'-sis) [nevpov, nerve; Mpiia,sV\a; viSuof, disease]. A neurotic skin-affection. Neurodermatrophia {nu-ro-der-mat-ro' -fe-ah) [vevpov, nerve; <5?p//a, skin; arpoipia, atrophy]. Atrophy of the skin from nervous disturbance. Neurodes (nu-ro'-dez) [vevpudrK, nerve-like]. The retina, as being made up of nerve-elements. Neurodiastasis (nu-ro-di-as' -tas-is) [vtvpov, nerve ; didaraaig, separation]. Separation of nerves; neurec- tasis. Neurodictyitis {nu-ro-dik-te-i' -tis). Synonym of Neuro- retinitis. Neurodynamia [nu-ro-di-nam' -e-ah) [vevpov, nerve; SmafUQ, strength]. Nervous strength or energy. Neurodypamic (nu-ro-di-nam' -ii) [vevpov, nerve ; dvva/iic, strength]. Pe0aining to the power of a nerve-current or of the nervous forces of the system. Neurodynia [nu-ro-din' -e-ah) [yevpov, nerve ; 'o&'ovn, pain]. See Neuralgia. Neurodysentery (nu-ro-dis' -en-ter-e) [yevpov, nerve ; 6vaevT£pia, dysentery]. Dysentery with typhoid symptoms. Neuro-enteric (nu-ro-en-ter'-ik). Same as Neur- enteric. Neuro-epiblastic (nu-ro-ep-ib-las'-tik) [vevpov, nerve ; liri, upon; jSAacrrdf, germ]. Pertaining to the neural epiblast, i. e. , that which enters into the formation of the nervous system. Neuro -epithelial {nu-ro-ep-ith-e' -le-al) [yevpov, nerve ; fTTi, upon; Qfi'M), nipple]. Pertaining to or of the nature of neuro-epithelium. Neuro-epithelium (nu-ro-ep-ith-e'-le-um) [vevpov, nerve; eiri, upon; d^Xr/, nipple]. The retinal layer of rods and cones. In a wider sense, that part of any epithelial structure that contains nerve-endings is called by this name. See Epithelium. Neurofibroma (nu-ro -fi- bra'- mah ) [ vevpov, nerve ; fibra, fiber; hjia, tumor]. A tumor of the connective tissue of a nerve, composed of fibrous tissue. Neurofrontal (nu-ro-frun' -tal) \yevpm, nerve ; frons, frontis, the forehead]. Pertaining to the brain and the frontal bone. Neurogamia (Tza-ro-^a'-OT^-a^) [yevpm, nerve; ydjiog, marriage]. The alleged condition of rapport between the animal magnetizer and the mesmerized person, or between the hypnotizer and the hypnotized. Neurogangleitis {nu-ro-gang-le-i' -tis) [vevpov, nerve ; yayy'Xi.ov, lumor; mg, inflammation]. Inflammation of a ganglion of the nervous system. Neurogenesis (nu-ro-jen'-es-is) [vevpov, nerve ; yeveaig, genesis]. The formation of nerves. Neuroglia (Ka-?-o^'-/^-«,4) [vevpov, nerve; y^i'a, glue]. The reticulated framework or skele- ton-work of the sub- stance of the brain and spinal cord. The term is sometimes abbrevi- ated to Glia. Neurogliac, Neurog- liar {nu-rog' -le-ak, nu- rog' -le - ar ) [vevpov, nerve ; yXia, glue] . Pertaining to or resem- bling neuroglia. « Neuroglioma ( nu - gli-o '- mah) [vevpov, nerve; y^/«, glue ; o^n, tumor : pi. , Neurogliomata']. A tumor composed essentially of neurogliar elements ; glioma. N., Ganglionar, a tumor developing in the central nervous system and consisting of hyperplastic neuroglia, ganglion-cells, and nerve-fibers. Neurography [nu-rog' -ra-fe) [vevpov, nerve ; ypdfetv, to write]. Descriptive anatomy of the nerves. Neuro-humeral [nu-ro-hu' -mer-al) [yevpm>, nerve; humor, moisture]. Pertaining to the nervous system and to the fluids of the body. N.-h. Theory. See Duckworth^ s Theory. Neurohypnologist {nu-ro-hip-nol'-o-jis') [vevpnv, nerve; turraf, sleep; Abyo^, science]. One skilled in neurohypnology. Neurohypnology [nu-ro-hip-noV -o-je) [yevpov, nerve; wTTvof , sleep ; Uyoi;, science] . The science or study of hypnotism. Neurohypnotism {nu-ro- hip' -not-izm). Synonym of Hypnotism. Neuroid (K«'-n7z'i!/)[i'Eii/)ov, nerve; EWof, like]. Re.sem bling a nerve or nerve-substance. Neuro-keratin [nu-ro-ker'-nt-in] [vevpov, nerve ; nepn/-, horn]. The form of keratin found in nerve-sheaths and the white substance of Schwann. See Keratin. Isolated Neuroglia-cell of Spinal Cord of Ox. I. Nucleus, c. Granular proto- plasm, f. Fibers of neuroglia. {Stirling ) NEUROKINESIS NEUROPATHY Neurokinesis (nu-ro-kin-e'-sis) . A synonym of Nerve- stretching. Neurolemma {nu-ro-lem'-ah). Synonym of Retina. Neurolemmatitis {nu-ro-lem-at-i'-tis). A synonym of Retinitis. Neurologist [nu-rol' -o-jist) [yevpov, nerve ; X6yoQ, science]. One versed in neurology. Neurology ( «« - rol' - o -je ) [ vevpou, nerve ; ^(iyof , science]. The anatomy, physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Neurolymph (nu' -ro-limf) \ytvpav, nerve; "KiijiAa, lymph]. The cerebrospinal fluid. Neurolysis (nu-rol' -is-is) [yevpov, nerve ; Mai; a loos- ing]. I. Relaxation of a nerve. 2. A change in the relation of nerves following the operation of nerve- stretching. Neurolytic (nu-ro-lif -iK) \ytvpov, nerve; Aicrif , a loos- ing]. Pertaining to neurolysis. Neuroma (nu-ro' -mail) \ytvpov, nerve ; ojjxi, tumor : pL, Neuromata]. A tumor of or on a nerve. Most neuromata are really fibromata. N., Amputation, the neuroma of a stump, forming at the end of a divided nerve. N., Amyelinic, a neuroma made up of non- meduUated nerve-fibers. N., Cellular. SeejV!, Gang- lionic. N. cutis, a tumor of the skin, resembling a myoma, and consisting mainly of firm connective tissue, originating from the neurilemma. It is pathologically considered as & fibro-neuro-myoma. N., Diffuse, a condition characterized by the existence of multiple neuromatous tumors. N., False, a fibromatous tumor forming on a nerve. N., Ganglionic, N., Gangli- onated, a neuroma made up of nerve-cells. N., Gliomatous. Siynonym oi Neuroglioma. N., Medul- lated, one made up of medullated nerve-fibers. N., Myelinic. Synonym oi N., Medullated. N., Myxo- matous, a tumor composed of nervous and myxoma- tous tissues. N., Peripheral, N., Peripheric, one formed near the peripheral termination of a nerve. N., Plexiform, the development of multiple fibromatous tumors along the course of one or more nerves. There is in these cases, however, some hyperplasia of the nerve-fibers, constituting a true neuroma. Neuromalacia, Neuromalaxis (nu-ro-mal-a' -se-ah, nu-ro-mal-aks' -is) \yevpov, nerve ; fiaXaKia, a soften- ing]. A softening of nerve-tissue. Neuromast (nu' -ro-mast) \ytvpov, nerve ; fiaarSc:, a hillock]. In biology, R. Ramsay Wright's term for the " nerve-hillock " and other sense-organs of the same character, whatever their shape ; any neuro-epi- thelial sense-organ. This nqme is seldom given to the sense-organs of man, or of the higher vertebrate animals. Neuromation (nu-ro-ma' -te-on) [yevpov, nerve ; 6/ia, tumor; dim. of neuroma']. A small neuromatous tumor. Neuromatoid [nu-ro' -mat-oid) [vEvpov, nerve ; 6ua, tumor; eMof, like]. Resembling a neuroma. Neuromatosis (nu-ro-mat-o' -sis) \yzvpm, nerve ; pm, nerve ; fiifviyi, a membrane]. A nervous expansion, such as the retina. Neuromere (nu'-ro-mlr) [vciipov, nerve; /ilpng, part]. A natural segment of the neuron. Neuromerism (nu-rom'-er-ism) [yevpov, nerve ; l^tpo^, a part]. In biology, neural segmentation. Neurometabolic [nu-ro-met-ab-ol ' -ii) [vevpnv, nerve ; /ieraPoXiKd; , changeable, metabolic]. Relating to metabolic changes in the nervous system. NeuTometadrasis [nu-ro-met-ad-ra'-sis) [vev pov, nerve ; fiha, with ; SpaaiQ, efficacy] . The influence of one person, or will, over another, as seen in hypnotism. Neurometastasis [nu-ro-met-as' -tas-is) [vEvpov, ntrve; fieTioTaatg , metastasis]. Metastasis to the nervous system. Neuromimesis [nu-ro-mi-me'-sis) [vivpov, nerve ; p.l/i7iaL^, imitation]. Paget's term for hysteric mimicry of organic disease. Neuromuscular [nu-ro-mus' -ku-lar) [neiipov, nerve; musculus, a muscle]. Pertaining conjointly to nerves and muscles. Neuromyalgia [nu-ro-mi-al ' -je-ah) [vevpnv, nerve; /liif, muscle ; a/lyof, pain]. Neuralgia of a muscle; an association of myalgia and neuralgia. Neuromyelitis [nu-ro-mi-el-i'-tis) [vevpov, nerve; five'Adg, marrow; iTif, inflammation]. Inflammation of myelonic substance, or of the medulla spinalis. Neuromyeloid [nu-ro-mi' -el-oid)[vevpov , nerve ; jiveU^, marrow ; eMof, like] . Resembling nervous or mye- lonic substance. Neuromyelous [nu.-ro-mi'-el-us)[yevpov,-asxse.; fiveU^, marrow] . Pertaining to or of the nature of nervous or myelonic substance. Neuromyopathic [nu-ro-mi-o-path' -ik) [vevpov, nerve ; fivi;, muscle; 'koBoc, disease]. Relating to disease of both muscles and nerves. Neuromyopathy [nu-ro-mi-op' -ath-e) [vevpov, nerve; p-v^, muscle ; wddoc, disease]. A neuralgic disease of a muscle. Neuromyxoma [nu-ro-miks-o' -mail) . Synonym of Neuroma, Myxomatous. Neuron [nu'-ron) [vevpov, nerve: //. , Neura]. In biology ; [a) the cerebrospinal cord taken as a whole ; i b) a vein or costaof an insect's wing ; [c) same as Neurr'. Neuronasal [nu-ro-na' -zal) [vevpov, nerve ; nasis, nose]. Relating to the brain and the nasal bone. Neuroneoplasm [nu-ro-ne' -o-plazm) [vevpov, nerve ; veoi;, new; 'KXaoaeiv, to mold]. A neoplasm made up of or containing nerve-elements ; a neuroma. Neuronosus [nu-ron'-o-sus) [vt/bpov, nerve ; v6aoi;, disease]. Synonym of Neurosis. N. of the Skin, neurotic skin-disease. Neuronyctic [nu-ro-nik' -tik) [yevpov, nerve; viiyfia, a prick, from vvaceiv, to prick]. Pertaining to Neu- ronyxis. Neuronygmus [nu-ro-nig'-mus)[vevpov, nerve ; vvyfwg, a puncture] . A punctured wound of a nerve. Neuronymic [nu-ro-nim'-ii) [vevpov, nerve ; bvvixa, name]. Pertaining to neurologic nomenclature. Neuronyxis [nu-ro-niks' -is) [vevpov, nerve; vhaisuv, to prick]. The puncturing of nerves. Neuroparalysis [nu-ro-par-al' -is-is) [vevpov, nerve; ■Kapakoau;, paralysis]. Paralysis due to disease of a nerve. Neuroparietal [nu-ro-par-V -et-al ) [yevpov, nerve ; paries, wall]. Relating to the brain and the parietal bones. Neuropath [nu' -ro- path) [vevpov, nerve; Trtiflof, dis- ease] . One who ascribes a nervous origin to disease. Neuropathic [nu-ro-path' -ik) [vevpov, nerve ; Trafiof, disease]. Pertaining to nervous diseases. N. Eschar, a bedsore following disease of the spinal cord. Neuropathologist [nu-ro-pnth-ol' -o-jist)[yevpm , nerve ; 7ri4flof, disease ; Xdyof, science]. One versed in neu- ropathology. Neuropathology [nu-ro-path-ol' -o-je) [vivpov, nerve ; jr&Ooc, disease ; Myog, science] . The' pathology of diseases of the nervous system. Neuropathy, Neuropathia [nu-rop'-atli-e, nu-ro-pa'- the-ah) [vevpov, neive ; TriiSof, disease] . Any nervous disease. NEUROPHLOGOSIS NEUROTIC NeuTophlogosis (nu-ro-flo-go'-sis). Sjfnonym of Neuritis. Neurophonia (nu-ro-fo' -ne-a/i) \yEvpov, nerve ; fuvii, voice], A rare choreic disease of the larynx and muscles of expiration characterized by the utterance of sharp spasmodic cries resembling the barking of a dog. Neurophthalmia (nu-roff-thal' -me-a/i) [yevpov, nerve ; b(i>6a'A/i6g, the eye]. Nervous ophthalmia. Neurophthisic (nu-rof-thiz' -ik) \yivpov., nerve ; ^iai^, wasting]. Pertaining to Neurophthisis. Neurophthisls {nu-roff' -this-is) \ytvpm>, nerve ; 6i(Ji(, wasting]. Wasting of the nerves or nervous tissue. Neuro-physiology {nu-ro-fiz-e-oV -o-je) [yevpov, nerve ; 0u(7if, nature; Myo(, science]. The physiology of the nervous system. Neuroplasia (^u-ro-pla' -ze-aK) [vtjipov, nerve ; nXdaaeiv, to mold]. The tendency to the formation of neuro- mata. Neuroplasm (nu' -ro-plazm) [ycvpov, nerve ; nTidaaEiv, to mold]. That form of bioplasm exhibited in living brain-tissue. Neuroplasma of Kiipffer (nu-ro-plaz' -mah) \yzvpQni, nerve; TrTida/ia, a figure formed or molded]. In biology, a fluid lying between the fibrils of the axis- cylinders of meduUated nerve-fibers. Neuroplastin (nu-i'o-plas' -tin) [vEvpov, nerve; 'KX&acuv, to mold] . A variety of plastin found in the brain and in nerve-tissue. Neuroplasty {nu^ -ro-plas-te) [y£i)^ov, nerve ; i^'KaaauVy to mold]. Plastic surgery of the nerves. Neuroploca {nu-rop' -lo-kah) [ycvpov, nerve ; wXok^, a twisting]. A ganglion of the nervous system. Neuroploconarcosis {nu-ro-plo-ko-nar-ko^ -sis) [yevpoVf nerve ; vr/lo/c^, a twining ; vapnuaig, a benumbing]. Insensibility of a ganglion of the nervous system. Neuropodium (nu-ro-po' -de-utn) \ye.vpov, a -nerve ; TTiiwf, foot : //. , Neuropodia\ . In biology, one of the ventral foot-stumps of a worm. Neuropore (nu'-ro-por) [veipov, nerve ; TrSpog, pore]. In biology, a pore between the neural canal and the exterior in certain embryos. Neuro-prosopalgia {nu-ro-pros-o-pal' -je-ah) . Synonym of Prosopalgia. Neuro-psychology {nu-ro-si-kol'-o-je) [yevpov, nerve ; ipvx'^ , mind ; Uyog, science] . A system of psychology based upon neurology. Neuro-psychopathy {nu - ro - si - kop' - ath - e) \ytvpQfv, nerve ; ■ij'vx/l, mind ; wddo;, disease] . A mental dis- ease based upon, or manifesting itself in, nervous disorders or. symptoms. Neuro-psychosis [nu-ro-si-ko' -sis) \y£vpov, nerve ; '^vxil, mind ; v6aoq, disease] . Any psychosis or mental disorder complicated with a nerve-disease; a nerve- disease manifesting itself in association with some mental disorder ; an association of a neurosis and a psychosis. ^eMto-'pnTp\iTic{nu-ro-pur-pu'-rik)\ytvpov,ntTve; pur- pura, purple]. Pertaining to purpura developed in association with disease of the nervous system. N. Fever. Synonym of Cerebrospinal Fever. Neuropyra (nu-ro-pi'-rali) \yevpov, nerve ; Ttvp, fire]. Nervous fever. Neuropyretic (nu-ro-pi-ret' -ik) [yevpm, nerve ; nvp, fever]. Pertaining to Neuropyra. Neuro-retinitis (nu-ro-ret-in-i' -tis) [vevpov, nerve ; retina, retina ; ' vnq, inflammation] . Inflammation of both the optic nerve and the retina. Neurorrhaphy (nu-ror' -af-e) [yevpov, nerve ; /5a^^, suture]. The operation of uniting a divided nerve by sutures. Neurorrheuma (nu - ror - ru' - mail) [vtiipov, nerve; l)m>fia, flow]. Nervous force. Neurosal [nu-ro'-zal) [vevpov, nerve]. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a neurosis. Neuro-scirrhus (nu-ro-skir' -us) . Synonym of Neu- roma. ' NeuTo-sclerosis (nu - ro - skle - ro'- sis) [ycvpov, nerve ; OK^ripSg, hard]. Sclerosis of nervous tissue. Neurose (nu'-roz) [vevpov, nerve]. In biology, nerved. Neurosis [nu-ro'-sis) [vevpov, nerve ; voao;, disease]. An abnormal nervous action or an affection of the nerves or nerve-centers of a functional nature. In biology, one of two sets of successive changes incident to all intellectual operations ; a change in the physical basis of consciousness. (Huxley.) Cf. Psychosis. N., Aero-, a neurosis of an extremity. N., Cutaneous, a term used to express abnormal functional condi- tions of the cutaneous nerves. N., Occupation, See N. , Professionid. N., Professional, one of a class of spasmodic and coordinative disturbances, mainly of functional origin, affecting groups of muscles used in the performance of special movements. N., Psycho-. See Psychoneurosis . N., Reflex, a func- tional nervous disease whose origin resides in some irritation or part distant from that in which the aff'ection is manifested. Such a neurosis may be suc- ceeded by the development of organic lesions. N., Spasmodic. Maudsley's term for Epilepsy. N., Thyro-exophthalmic. A synonym oi Graves' Disease. N., Vascular, a neurosis of the blood-vessels or of their nerves. N., Vasomotor, a neuropathy of the vasomotor nerves. Neurosism [nu'-ro-sizm). Same as Neurasthenia. Neurosity (nu-ros'-it-e). A synonym oi Neuricity. ^eMTo-si.elGia\(nu-ro-skel'-et-al)[vcvpm>,nerve; aacKe- t6v, skeleton]. Pertaining to the neuro-skeleton. Neuro-skeleton (nu - ro - skel' ■ et - on) [vevpov, nerve; cks'Xet&v, skeleton]. Carus's term for the vertebrate endo-skeleton, or true skeleton ; so called from being made up of parts that correspond with and largely serve to protect portions of the central nervous sys- tem. Neurospasmos (nu-ro-spaz'-mos) [vivpav, nerve; cwaafidg, spasm]. Nervous spasm or twitching. Neurospongium (nu-ro-spun' -je-uni) [ycvpov, nerve ; aiToyytov, dim. of OTrdyjo;, sponge]. In biology, a granular matrix in the periopticon of insects' eyes. Neuro-stearic (nu-ro-ste-ar' -ik) [vevpov, nerve ; ariap, fat]. Pertaining to nervous tissue and fat. N.-s. Acid, an acid isomeric with stearic acid, occurring in the brain. N.-s. Ether, a substance formed by treating phrenosin, an element of brain-tissue, with sulphuric acid and alcohol. Neurosthenia ( nu-ro-sthe' -ne-ah ) [ vevpov, nerve ; adevoQ, power]. Great nervous power, or abnormal excitation of the nervous centers. Neurostremma (nu-ro-strem' -ah ) [yevpov, nerve ; (STptfifm, a twist, or knot : pi. , Neurostremmata'] . A nerve-ganglion. Neurotabes [nu-ro-ta' -bez) [vevpov, nerve ; tabes, wast- ing]. A complex of symptoms, resembling those of posterior sclerosis, but due to multiple neuritis. N., Peripheric Multiple, peripheral neuritis simulating tabes dorsalis. Neurothele (nu-ro-the' -le) [ycvpov, nerve ; QifKi], nip- ple]. A nervous papilla. Neurothelic (nu-ro-the' -lik) [vevpov, nerve ; 6r/2,Ji, nip- ple]. Pertaining to a neurothele ; applied to the skin considered as the organ of tactile sense. Neurotherapy (nu-ro-ther'-ap-e) [vevpov, nerve ; ffepa- TTcia, treatment]. The treatment of nervous diseases. Neurothlipsis (nu-ro-thltp' -sis) [vevpov, nerve ; dlifieiv, to press]. Pressure on a nerve. Neurotic (nu-rot'-ik) [vevpov, nerve]. Pertaining to NEUROTOME 870 NEWTON'S COLOR-RINGS the nerves ; nervous ; also, pertaining to neuroses. In therapeutics, neurotics are such drugs as have a special influence upon the nervous centers and functions. N. Albuminuria, albuminuria due to nervous dis- turbance. N. Atrophy, atrophy dependent upon changes in some part of the nervous system. N. Dys- pepsia. See Dyspepsia. N. Fever, fever following traumatism of the central nervous system. N. Hyper- trophy, hypertrophy resulting from excessive nutrition or other trophic abnormality. Neurotome [nu^ -ro-tom) \yEvpav, nerve ; to^^, a cut- ting]. A small knife for the division of a nerve, especially subcutaneously. Neurotomy {nu-rot' -o-me) \ytvf)m, nerve ; rifivuv, to cut]. The division of a nerve. Neuro-toxicology(»«-ro-i'o^i-;'/J-o/'-o-y«) \ytvpov, nerve ; Tof«/ci5v, poison ; iubyo^, science]. The toxicology of the nerves ; the science of the nervous disorders of toxic origin. Neurotripsy (nu'-ro-trip-se) [vEvpnv, nerve ; rpipew, to rub]. The crushing of a nerve. Neurotroma {nu~ro-tr(/ -maJi) [yevpoVf nerve; rpufia, wound]. The wound of a nerve. Neurotrophic (nu-ro-tro' -fik) \ytvpm, nerve; rpo^, nourishment]. Depending on or attained through the trophic influence exercised by the nerves. Neurotrophy (nu-rof -ro-fe) \ympm, nerve; rpof^, nourishment]. The nourishment of a nerve. Neurotrosis, Neurotrosmus (nu-rot'-ro-sis, mi-ro- troz^-nius) [veiipov, nerve ; rpactg^ a wounding]. The wounding of a nerve. Neuro-varicosis (nu-ro-var-ik-o'-sis) [yevpnv, nerve; varix, varix]. A varicosity on a. nerve-fiber, or the formation of one. Neurymen (nu-ri'-men). Synonym of Neurilemma. Neurymenitis {nu-ri-men-i'-tis). Synonym of .Neu- rilemmatitis. Neurypnology {nu-rip-nol'- o-je"). See Neurohyp- nology. Neuter (nu'-ter) [L. ] . Sexually not properly developed ; an organism of neither sex. Neutral {nu'-tral) \nei0er, neither]. Neither alkaline nor acid ; bland and soothing ; having no active effect upon a tissue. N. Blue. See Pigments, Con- spectus of. N. Mixture, liquor potassii citratis. See Potassium.^ N. Oils. See Lubricating Oils. N. Red. See Toluylene'red, and Pigments, Conspectus of. N. Violet. See Pigjnents, Conspectus of. Neutraline {nu' -tral-in) \neuter, neither]. A com- mercial or proprietary name given to a brand of Petrol- atum., q. V. Neutralization {nu-tral-i%-a'-shiin) [neuter, neither]. That process or operation that precisely counter- balances or cancels the action of an agent. In medi- cine, the process of checking the operation of any agent that produces a morbid effect. In chemistry, a change of reaction to that which is neither alkaline nor acid. Neutralize [nu' -tral-lz) [neuter, neither]. To render neutral ; to render inert. Neutrophile {nu'-tro-fil)[neuter,neWa.er; (plXog, loving], Stained readily by neutral dyes ; applied to certain bacteria and tissue-elements, especially leukocytes. N. Leukocytes, small colorless cells in normal human blood, containing several much-contorted nuclei that are readily stained. The protoplasm of these cells usually contains granules colorable by neutral stains, hence their name. See Leukocyte. Neuwied-green. Same as Schiveinfurth-green. Nevoid (ne'-void) [navus, birth-mark; cMof, like]. ResembUng a nevus. N. Elephantiasis. ?iee Lymph- scrotum. Nevose (ne'-voz) [navus, a birth-mark]. Freckled; having nevi. Nevus, Naevus (ne'-vtis) [L.: plural Nem\. A mark or blemish due to the dilatation of the blood-vessels near the surface of the skin or within its texture. N. araneus. ?>^q Acne rosacea. N., Capillary, one that involves the capillaries of the skin. N. cerasus. a slightly elevated vascular nevus resembling somewhat the appearance of a cherry. N., Cutaneous, a nevus of the skin. N. flammeus. SittN. maternus. N. frag- arius, the strawberry mark. N. lipomatodes, a large mole, soft and lax , containing a quantity of fat and loose connective tissue. N. lupus. See Angioma serpig- inosum. N. maternus. Mother's mark; the patch of congenital discoloration of the skin due to a dilated condition of the capillaries. If this is dilTuse, very slightly, if at all, raised, red, or purplish-red, and on some part of the face, often involving the whole of one side, it is called TV". Jiammeus, or ^^ port-wine mark." This is a relatively common condition. N. morus, the mulberry nevus ; a vascular nevus some- what elevated and with an irregular surface. N. nati- vus, birth-mark. N. neuroticus, a minor degree of Ichthyosis hystrix. N. papillaris, a minor degree of Ichthyosis hystrix. N. papillomatosus, a mole covered with soft, papillary growths. N. pigmento- sus, pigmentary mole ; nisvus verrucosus; ncevus sigilum ; ncevus pilosus ; ncsvus spilus ; a circum- scribed, congenital pigmentary deposit in the skin, varying in color from a light-fawn to a blackish tint, and often associated with hypertrophy of the hairs as to number, size, and color-elements. It varies in size from a pinhead discoloration to bean-sized or larger flattened and warty elevations, or it may reach the size of a cocoanut or fetal head. N. pilaris, N. pilosus. See N. pigmcntosus. N. planus, a non-elevated pig- mentary nevus. N. sanguineus. See N. vascularis. N. sigilum. Synonym of N. pigmcntosus. N., Spider. Synonym of TV". ara?«Kf. 'N. spilus. See N. pigmcntosus. N. tuberculosus. Synonym of N. verrucosus. N., Varicose. See N., Venous. N. vascularis, M. vasculosus ; N. sanguineus; a congenital overgrowth of cutaneous vascular tissue forming the so-called nevi. These may be capillary or cutaneous, and venous or subcutaneous. The former vary in size from a mere point up to large areas, standing on a level with the skin or raised more or less above it, of a bright-red color or of a more or less purplish hue. The venous nevus is gen- erally more raised than the capillary ; it is convex, smooth, or lobulated, and of a dark-purple color, compressible, but rapidly filling after the compression has been removed. N. vasculosus. See N. vas- cularis. N. verrucosus. &ee H. pigmcntosus. N., Venous, a raised, convex, and sometimes lobulated form, consisting of thin- walled veins and sinuses bound together by connective tissue. New (nu) [ME., «(??«^, new]. Not old ; freshly pro- duced; recent. N. Blue. Same as French Blue. Ste Pigments, Conspectus of . N. -born, a designation applied to the child for a short period after birth. N. Coccin. See Pigments, Conspectus of. N. Fast Violet. Same as Gallocyanin. N. -formation. See Neoplasm. N.Jersey Tea. See Ceanothus. N. Red. Same as Fuchsin, N. Victoria Green. Same as Brilliant Green. N. White. See Pigments, Con- spectus of N. Yellow. Same as Flavaurin. N. Zealand Flax. See Flax. Newman's Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of. Newton's Color-rings. The colorings produced when a cover-glass is pressed upon the slide. They are the result of chromatic aberration. N.'s Disc, a circular NGAI CAMPHOR 871 NIGHT card qolored in triangular areas with the colors of the spectrum. On being rapidly revolved it appears white. N.'s Law. See Law. N.'s Metal, a term for Bis- muth. N.'s Theory, the £«M«o« theory of light. See Light. Nigai Camphor. A camphor, CuHjgO, derived from Blumea bahamifera, a tree of S. E. Asia. Niata {ni-a'-tah) [deriv. obscure]. A breed of small "bull-dog" oxen, produced by a sudden variation, in South America, between the sixteenth and eigh- teenth centuries. Niatism [ni' -at-iztti) \niata, a breed of bull-dog "oxen"]. In biology, a form of sudden variation characterized by dwarfing, at times occurring among animals. Nibble (nib'-l) [LG., nibbeln, to nibble]. To gnaw; to eat in small bits. Nickel {nik'-el) [G., nickel, nickel]. Ni = 58 ; quan- tivalence II, IV. A metal of silver- white luster, resem- bling iron in physical properties. In 1889 it was asserted by Krauss, of Munich, to be a compound body. It is much used for plating metallic surgical appliances. See Elements, Table of. N. Bromid, recommended for epilepsy. Dose gr. v-x. N. Chlo- rid, a tonic in anemia. N. Sulphate, has been used as a nerve-tonic in tabes dorsalis. Dose -gr. iij-v. All unof. Nicking [nik'-ing) [origin obscure]. The incising of a horse's tail near the root, to cause it to be carried higher. Nickles' Test. See Tests, Table of. Nicol {nik'-el) [after William Nicol, of Edinburgh]. An abbreviation for Nicol' s prism. Nicol's Prism (nik-el) [after William Nicol, of. Edin- burgh] . A polished prism of Iceland spar, cut diag- onally across the principal axis, the sections being joined together by means of Canada balsam. It has the property of reflecting the ordinary ray of light out of the field, while the so-called polarized ray is trans- mitted. See Pris?n. Nicomorrhuin (nik-o-mor'-u-in), Cj^H^gN^. One of the alkaloids of cod-liver oil. See Morrhuolins. Nicotia {iiik-o'-she-ali). Synonym ol Nicotin. Nicotian {nik-o'-she-an) [after Jean Nicot\ I. To- bacco. 2. One who uses tobacco. 3. Pertaining to, or derived from, tobacco. Nicotiana {nik-o-she-a'-nah). See Tabacum. Nicotianic Acid {nik-o-she-an' -ik). Synonym of Nico- tinic Acid. Nicotianin (nik-o' -she-an-in) [after Jean Nicot, a French ambassador to Portugal]. The solid volatile princi- ple to which tobacco owes its flavor. Nicotic Acid (nik-ot'-ik) . Same as Malonic Acid. Nicotin [nik'-o-iin) [after Jean Nicot, a French Am- bassador to Portugal], CjjH^jN,. A poisonous alka- loid found in the leaves of the tobacco-plant ; it may be obtained by distilling the residue from the aqueous extract with lime. It is an oil, readily soluble in water *and alcohol. Its odor is very penetrating. It becomas brown on exposure to the air ; its specific gravity at 15° C. is I. oil ; it boils at 241° C. Nicotinic Acid {nik-o-tin' -ik) [after Jean Nicot'\,Z^^- NO.;. An oxidation-product of nicotin. Nicotinism [nik'-o-iin-izm) [after Jean Nicof]. The constitutional effects of the continued or excessive use of tobacco. Nicotism (nik' -o-tizm) . Synonym ai Nicotinism. Nictating {nik-ta' -ting) \nictare, to wink]. Winking. Nictation (nik-ta' -shun) . Same as Nictitation. Nictitating {nik' -tit-a-ting) [nictitare, to wink]. Winking. N. Membrane. See Membrane. N. Spasm, blepharospasm. Nictitation {nik-tit-a' -shun)\nictitare , to wink]. Ab- normal frequency of winking. , Nidamentum (nid-am-en' -turn) [nidus, nest]. The decidua ; also any covering of the developing ovum ; an egg-case. Nidation [ni-da' -shun) [nidus, nest]. The develop- ment of an endometrial epithelium in an inter-menstrual period. Nidulant {nid' -u-lant) [nidulari, to build a nest]. In biology, lying loose in a nest-like receptacle or pulp, like the seeds or sporangia of certain plants. Nidularium [nid-u-la' -re-um) [dim. of nidus, nest]. The mycelium of fungi. ' Nidus {ni'-dus) [L., nest]. I. A central point or focus of infection ; a place in which an organism finds con- ditions suitable for growth and development. 2. A collection of ganglion-cells at the deep origin of a cranial nerve; a nucleus. N. hirundinis, a deep fossa in the cerebellum situated between the velum meduUare posterius in front, and the nodulus and uvula behind. Niemeyer's Pill. A pill of quinin, grain I, digitalis, grain one-half, and opium, grain one-quarter. It is used in pulmonary tuberculosis, and is taken every six hours. Niepa {ne'-pah) [E. Ind. ]. The bark of Samadera indica, a simarubaceous tree of S. Asia ; it is intensely bitter, and a good tonic. Unof Nigella (ni-jel'-ah) [nigellus, dark]. A ranuncula- ceous genus of plants represented by several species having medicinal properties. N. sativa, fennel-flower, is diaphoretic and emmenagogue. Unof Nigellin [ni-jel'-in) [nigellus, dark]. A bitter extrac- tive of Nigella sativa. Niggl's Test. See Tests, Table of. Night [nit) [W^., night, night]. The portion of the day during which the sun is below the horizon. N.- blindness. See Hemeralopia. N. -blooming Ce- reus, the flowers of Cereits grandiflorus, a. seda.\i\c and diuretic plant, useful in functional ailments of the heart, palpitation and angina pectoris. Dose of the fid. ext. (alcoholic') rr\_x-xxx. Unof N. Blue. See Pigments, Conspectus of. N. -cries, a symptom of nervous or physical disorders of children, and especi- ally of the early stage of hip-disease. The child cries out in its sleep from pain produced by. reflex spas- modic twitching of the muscles already abnormally irritable. N. Green. See Pigtnents, Conspectus of. N.-mare, a feeling of distress or suffocation during sleep, attended with fright, hideous dreams and often with inability to stimulate muscular contraction except in a very slight degree. N.-pain, a symptom of hip- disease ; pain in the hip or knee occurring during muscular relaxation of the limb in sleep. N. -palsy, a nervous manifestation of no especial significance, consisting simply of a feeling of numbness in one or more extremities of the body when the sleeping patient awakes; the so-called " dead fingers." It principally attacks women at the menopause. N.- shade, a popular name for plants of the genus So- lanum, and also the genus Atropa. N. -shade, Bit- tersweet. See Solanum dulcamara. N. -shade, Deadly. %t^ Atropa belladonna. N. -sight. Syno- nym of Nyctalopia. N.-spil, the contents of privy- vaults (eften removed in the night). This material is largely employed as manure. N.-soil Fever, a syno. nym of Typhoid Fever. N. -starting, a jerking of the lower extremity occurring at night in children with hip-disease. N. -sweat, the profuse nocturnal sweat- ing often observed in pulmonary tuberculosis and other wasting disorders. N. -terrors, Pavor nocturnus ; cons.'ernatio ; a sudden terror that attacks young NIGHTINGALE 872 children during sleep. N. -walker, a somnambulist. N. -walking, somnambulism. Nightingale (nU'-in-gdl) [after Florence Nightingale']. _ A sleeved scarf used in the hospital-treatment of the ■ sick and wounded, to protect the shoulders and parts liable to become uncovered in bed. Nigredo {ni-gre'-do) \niger,h\&6!C\. A black color; melasma N. a sole, sunburn. N. nativa, a natural dark coloring of the skin. N. necrotica, the black- ness of parts that are becoming gangrenous. N. sordida, dark pigmentation from dirt. Nigrescent (ni-gres'-tnt) {nigrescere, to become black]. Turning black ; blackish, dusky. Nigric Acid {ni'-grik) \niger, black], C,HgOj. A black powder obtained when ethyl oxalate is treated with potassium. Nigricant {nl'-grik-ant). Same as, Nigrescent. Nigrismus (ni-griz'-mus) [L.]. Synonym of Nigredo. N. linguae, black tongue. Nigritia, Nigrities (ni-grish'-e-ah, ni'-grit-ez). Same as Nigrismus, and Glossophytia. Nigritudo (nig-rit-u'-do). Synonym of Melanosis. Nigrosin (ni'-gro-sin) [niger, black]. A blue-black anilin-dye, useful in staining sections of brain-tissue. For the nigrosins see Indulins. See also Pigments, Conspectus of. Nile-blue (nll'-blu). See Pigments, Conspectus of. Nine {nin) [ME., nine, nine]. Thrice three. N.- bark. i. The plant Neillia opuKfolia, of N. America; it is astringent, tonic, and vulnerary. Unof. 2. The same as Seven-bark. N.-day Fits. Synonym of Tetanus neonatorum. Niobium (ni-o' -be-um) [THidfiri, the daughter of Tan- talus]. A rare metal, akin to bismuth and to anti- mony ; symbol Nb ; atomic weight 94. It is also known as Columbium. Its medicinal properties are little known . See Elements, Table of. Niphablepsia (nif-ab-lep' -se-ah) [i'i9a,snow; ajJXeTpia, blindness]. See Snow-blindness. Niphlotyphlotes {nif-lo-tif-lo'-tlz) [in'^o, snow; td^- /l(5T)?f, blindness]. Snow-blindness. Niphotyphlosis («?/'-i)-///-/o'-Jw) \yi^a, ^no'w, rhiphjcrif:. blindness] . .Snow-blindness. Nippers (nip'-erz) [ME., nippen, to nip]. An instru ment for seizing small bodies. N., Bone, an instru- ment for grasping small bits of bone. Nipple [nip'-l) [ME., neple, nipple]. The conic ele- vation in the center of the mammary areola. The mammilla, acromastium, or thele. N. -cactus. See Mammillaria. N., Cracked, a nipple the epidermis of which is broken in places. ^ N.-line, in physical diagnosis, / \ a vertical line drawn on the ,^f J surface of the chest through the nipple. N. -protector, a de- vice worn by nursing women to protect the nipple. It is Nipple-protector. Z3\\e.&.s!i?,o& Nipple -shield. N., (FromFullerton's"Obst. Retracted, a nipple drawn Nursing".) below the surrounding level. N. -shield. See N.- protector. Nirls, Nirles [iierlz] [origin obscure], A variety of herpes. Nirlus [nir'-lus) [origin obscure]. An ephemeral papular eruption sometimes following measlss or scarlet fever. Nisbet's Chancre. A lymphatic abscess on the dorsum of the penis proceeding to the formation of a chancre. Nisus [nV-sus) [nisus, effort, from niti, to endeavor]. The periodic desire for procreation manifested in the • spring season by certain species of animals. Also, the contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. NITRO- for the expulsion of the feces or the urine. N. -for- mations, Blumenbach's, the force of an aggregate organism which constrains the newly-integrated atoms to take a definite form ; the "spiritus rector." According to Weismann, this is located in an "accessory idio- plasm," consisting of the determinants of the parts to be regenerated. Nit [M£., iiitte, a nit]. A popular name for the larva of several s|jecies of pediculus ; during incubation it is attached to the hair. ti'Asr (ni'-ter)[yiTpuu,na.\.\on']. Potassium nitrate. N., Cubic, Sodium nitrate. N., Spirit of, Spiritus (Etheris nitrosi, sweet spirit of niter. Nitid {nit'-id) [nit re to shine]. Shining. Nitidous (nit'-!d-us) [nitidus, ihining]. Same a.s Nitid. Nitor {ni^-tor) \niterc, to shine]. Synonym oi Enamel. Nitrate (ni' trat) \_viTJiov, natron]. Any salt of nitric acid. All nitrates are soluble in water. N. Test Reagent. See Acid Phenyl Sulphate. Nitrated (ni'-tra-ted) [yhpov, natron]. Combined with nitric acid. Nitration (ni-tra' -shun) [yirpor, natron]. The pro- cess of combining or treating with nitric acid. Nitre (ni'-ter). See Niter. Nitric (ni'-trik) [virpoti, natron]. Pertaining to or con- taining -niter. N. Acid. See Acid, Nitric. N. Acid Test. See Tests, Table of. N. Magnesian Reagent. See Roberts^ Reagent. Nitrification (ni-trifik-a' -shun) [yirpov, natron ; f care {ficere), to make]. In biology, the oxidation of the nitrogen of organic matter by means of microorgan- isms. Cf. Bacterioid, and Nitrifying Bacillus of Winogradsky, under Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of Nitrify (nit'-rifi) [virpov, natron ; /acCTv, to make] . To convert into niter. Nitriles (ni'-trils) [yirpov, natron]. Those derivatives of the alcoholic radicles with the cyanogen group, CN, in which the fouith affinity of carbon is limited to the alcohol radicles. They are liquids usually in- soluble in water, possessing an ethereal odor, and readily decomposed on heating with acids or alkalies. Nitrite [ni'-trlt) [yirpov, natron] . A salt of nitrous acid, HNO,. Also applied to certain combinations with organic radicles, as nitroglycerin, CjH^INOj),, nitro- benzol, amylic nitrite, and other compounds. N., Amyl, CjHjjNOj, possesses a fruity odor. Inhaled it causes tumultuous action of the heart and a slowing of the respiration. It is useful in angina pectoris, asthma, and occasionally in sea-sickness. Dose, in- ternally, TTL^-j, dissolved in alcohol; by inhalation, rnij-v. N., Ethyl, C.^H^NO.^, used to make sweet spirit of niter. N., Sodium, NaNO.^, acts like amyl nitrite, but is less prompt. It is employed in desqua- mative nephritis when accompanied by weak action of the heart. Dose, gr. ^-v. Nitro- [ni'-tro-)[virpov, natron]. A prefix denoting com- bination with nitrogen. Also, denoting combination with the radicle NO.^. N.-amins, a group of chemic compounds containing the nitro-group in urtion with nitrogen. N. -bacteria, a term given by Winogradsky to those bacteria that convert ammonia into nitrous and nitric acids. N. -benzene (CbHjNO^), Nitroben- %ol; a liquid prepared by adding benzol c rop by drop to HNO3. It closely resembles oil of bilter almonds in flavor, and is important as a source of anilin in the manufacture of dyes It is actively poisonous, with the general effects of hydrocyanic acid. N. -benzol. See N.-benzme. N. -benzol-red. Same as Rosani- lin. N.-cellulin, N. -cellulose, a substitution-com- pound of cellulose, NO.^ replacing H. Mononitro-cel- /»tof,C„Hj,(N0.^)05; Dinitrocelhilose, C„H8(N02)05, ox pyroxylin : Trinitrocelhilose,Cf^l^.f('NO,j)^0^,OY gun- NITROFORM 873 NOCUOUS cotton. N. -compound, a carbon compound that is formed from another by the substitution of the mona- tomic radicle NOj for hydrogen, and in which the nitrogen atom is regarded as directly joined to a carbon atom. Nitroform [ni' -tro-form) [virpuv, natron ; forma, form], CH(N02)3. An oily acid compound, chemically analogous to chloroform. It is usually obtained by treating biliary acids with nitric acid. Nitrogen (ni' -tro-jen) \oiTpov, natron; ytwav, to beget]. N^=I4.; quantivalence i, III, v. One of the non- metaliic elements, gaseous at ordinary temperatures. It is a component element of albumins, proteids, urea, and other organic substances, of alkaloids, ammonia, and its derivatives, and many other inorganic sub- stances. It forms about 79 per cent, of the air, and is most active in combination with oxygen. The French call it azote. The salts of nitric acid are called nitrates, those of nitrous acid nitrites. See Elements, Table of. A description of various methods for detecting . nitrogen is appended : Kjeldahl's Method ; the sub- stance is dissolved by heating it with concentrated sul- phuric acid. Potassium permanganate (pulverized or , dissolved in sulphuric acid) is then added until a distinctly green color appears. The liquid is diluted with water and the ammonia is expelled by boiling with sodium hydroxid. Limprecht's Method, a method of determining the nitrogen of nitro-com- pounds and nitroso-compounds indirectly by means of a titrated solution of stannous chlorid. Will and Varrentrap's Method ; two parts of calcium hydrate are added to one part of an aqueous solution of pure sodium hydroxid ; the mixture is evaporated and gently ignited. The weighed, finely-pulverized sub- stance is mixed with soda-lime (about ten parts) and the mixture is placed in a combustion-tube, about 30 cm. long, which is filled in with soda-lime. In the open extremity of the tube is placed a rubber stopper bearing a bulb-apparatus containing dilute hydrochloric acid. The anterior portion of the bulb is first heated in the furnace ; then, that containing the mixture. That all of the ammonia may be carried into the bulb, air is conducted through the tube, after breaking off the point. The ammonium chlorid in the hydrochloric acid is precipitated as ammonio-platinum chlorid by means of platinic chlorid, and the residual platinum is weighed. One atom of platinum corresponds to two molecules of NH3 or two atoms of nitrogen. N., Gaseous Oxid of. See Nitrous Oxid. Nitrogenized {ni-troj' -en-lzd) [p'irpov, natron ; jswdv, to produce]. Containing nitrogen. Nitrogenous [ni^troj' -en-us) [ylrpov, natron ; ysvvav, to produce]. Containing nitrogen. Nitroglycerin [ni-tro-glis'-er-in')\ylTpov, natron; yXviAQ, sweet], C3H5N3O9. Glonoin, Trinitrin, Trinitrite of Glyceryl; Glycerol Nitric Ester ; a substance produced by the action of a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acids upon glycerol. It is a colorless oil, with a sweet taste, and is poisonous when taken internally. It is insol- uble in water. Heated quickly, or upon percussion, it explodes very violently. Mixed with Kieselguhr it forms dynamite. Therapeutically, it acts like amyl nitrite. Dose gr. ^^ Dose of the tincture, one per cent, in alcohol, tT\, ^-x. N., Liquor (B.P.), contains pure nitroglycerin one part by weight, recti- fied spirit q. s. to produce loo fluid parts. Dose TTL >^-ij. N., Tabellffi (B. P.), tablets of chocolate each containing gr. j-^^ of pure nitroglycerin. Dose j-ij. Spiritus glonoini (spirit of nitroglycerin) ; an alcoholic solution containing one per cent, by weight of glonoin. Nitroleum (ni-tro'-le-um). Synonym of Nitroglycerin . Nitrolin {ni' -tro-lin) [yirpov, natron ; oleum, oil] . An explosive compound consisting of a mixture of cellu- lose, niter, and nitrosaccharose. Nitrometer [ni-trom'-et-er) [yi-pov, natron; fihpan, measure]. An apparatus for collecting and measur. ing nitrogen gas, or for decomposing nitrogen oxids and estimating the re-sulting gases. Nitromuriatic Acid [ni-tro-mu-re-at'-ik). See Acid, Nitrohydrochloric. Nitrosaccharose {ni-tro-sak' -ar~d'^\yWp(yv,n2Xxon', a&K- X6ao;, disease; Ko/ielv, to take care of]. A place designed for the care of the sick. A hospital. Nosocratic (nos-o-kraf -ik) [ydaoQ, illness ; Kparnv, to be strong]. Specific (applied to disease). Nosode inos'-od) [yoniiSriQ, like a disease]. A homeo- pathic or isopathic remedy. Nosodochium {nos-o-do' -ke-um). Synonym of Noso- cotnium. Nosogenesis [nos-o-jen'-es-is) . Synonym of Nosogeny. Nosogenetic {nos-o-jen-et^ -ik) [yduog, disease ; yeveai^, genesis] . Pertaining to nosogenesis. Nosogeny {nos-oj'-en-e) \y6aoq, disease ; yevvav, to beget]. The development and progress of diseases. Nosographic (nos-o-graf -ik") \y6aoQ, disease ; ypafetv, to write]. Pertaining to nosography. Nosography {nos-og' -ra-fi) [viifof, disease; yph^uv, to write]. A descriptive treatise on the character and nature of diseases. Nosologic [nos-o-log'-ik) [y6ao;, disease ; Myog, sci- ence] . Pertaining to nosology. Nosologist {nos-oV-o-jist') \y6aog, disease ; Atiyof, sci- ence]. One versed in nosology. Nosology [nos-ol' -o-je) [ydaog, disease ; Uyo;, science]. The scientific classification of diseases. Nosomania (nos-o-ma' -ne-ali) \y6aag, disease ; iiavia, mania] . The insane or hypochondriac delusion of a patient that he is suffering from some disease, from which, in point of fact, he may not be entirely free. Nosomycosis (nos-o-mi-ko'-sis) [ydaog, disease ; ii^Kr/g, fungus]. Any disease due to the presence of a para- sitic fungus, or schizomycete. Nosonomy (nos-on' -o-me) [I'liaof, disease; fivo/ja, name]. The nomenclature of diseases. Nosonomy {nos-on' -o-me^ \y(iaog, disease ; vdfio^j law]. The study, or science, of the laws of disease. Nosophobia {nos-o-fo' -be-ah) [viimf, disease ; ipdlSoc, fear]. The insane, or exaggerated, fear of disease; pathophobia. Nosophthoria ( nos-off-thor' -e-ak ) [vdtrof , disease ; -^/-(r,4), [vuTOf, the back; um- bra, shade]. In biology, the dorsal ectoderm or chrotal epithelium of medusse. Novacula [no-vak' -u-lah) \novare, to make new]. A razor ; a surgeon's knife. Noxa [noks'-ah) [L.]. An injurious principle ; especi- ally a pathogenic microorganism, or other niateries morbi. Noxious [noks'-yus) [noxius, harmful]. Harmful ; poisonous or deleterious. " N. Thing," in forensic medicine anything administered to a person that is harmful in its effects ; especially applied to the pro- duction of abortion. Noyes' Method. See Treatment, Methods of. Nubecula [nu-bek' -u-lah) [dim. of nubes, a cloud]. I. The cloudiness ■ caused by the suspension of in- soluble matter in the urine. 2. A cloudiness of the cornea. Nubile [nu'-bit) [nubilis ; nubere, to marry]. Marri- ageable. Of an age at which there exists the possi- bility of procreation or child-bearing. Nubility [nu-bil'-it-e) \nubilitas, from nubere, to marry]. The state of development marked by ability to consum- mate marriage. Nucament [nu'- kam-ent) \iiucamentum, anything shaped like a nut]. In biology, an anient or catkin. Nucellus (««-j^/'-Kj) \nucella,z. little mA: pi., Nucel- /«']. In biology, that part of the ovule in which the embryo-sac arises; the equivalent of the macro- sporangium of cryptogams. Nuces [nu'-siz). Plural of Nux, q. v. Nucha [nu'-kah) [L. ]. The nape of the neck. Nuchal [nu'-kal) \nucha, nape of neck]. Pertaining to the nucha, or nape. Nuchalalgia [nu-ial-al'-je-ah). Synonym of Nuchal- gia. Nuchalgia [nu- kal' -je-ah) [nucha, na^e; aXyoc, pain]. Pain at the back of the neck. Nuciform [nu' -sif-orm) \nux,s. nut; forma, form]. In biology, nut-shaped. Nucite [nu'-slt), CjH,.^Og + 4H2O. A carbohydrate resembling inosite, found in the leaves oi Jiiglans regia. Nuck, Canal of. See Canal. N.'s Diverticulum. Same as TV!, Canal of . N.'s Glands. See Gland. Nucleal, Nuclear [nu'-kle-al, nu'-kle-ar") [nucleus, a. cell]. Pertaining to or resembling a nucleus ; en- doplastic. N. Figures, the peculiar arrangement of the mitome during karyokinesis. N. Layer, a stratum of gray matter in the cortex of the brain. N. Paralysis, paralysis from lesions of nuclei or centers. N. Spindle, delicate strise appearing in the nucleus undergoing mitosis and arranged in the shape of a double crux with the apices pointing toward the poles of the future nuclei. Its function probably is to guide the movements of the mitome threads. N. Stain, a pigment showing a relatively strong affinity for nuclei. A Direct Nuclear Stain is one that colors nuclei so quickly as to require no subsequent treatment to differentiate them from the plasma. An Indirect Nuclear Stain is one that colors the entire tissue, but in order that the nuclei may be differ- entiated, the color must be removed from the plasma. The more important nuclear stains are : — Bismarck Brown, Carmin,, Cochineal, Fuchsin, Gentian-violet, Hematoxylin, Hoffman's Blue, Methylene-blue, Methyl-green. See Stain, Plasmatic Stain, Specific Stain, Stains, Table of, and Pigments, Conspectus of. N. Substance. See Heredity. Nucleate, Nucleated [nu'-kle-at, nu'-kle-a-ted) [mi- cleus, nucleus]. Having a nucleus. Nuclei [nu'-kle-i) [L.]. Plural of Nucleus, q. v. N. of the Thalamus, the three portions into which the cinerea of the thalainus is separated. They are called the a);;terior, internal, and external nuclei. Nucleic Acid. Altmann's name for an organic phos- NUCLEIFORM 878 NUCLEUS From Pus. (Huppe-Seyter.) From the Spermatozoa of Salmon. [Miescher.) c, 49.58 H, ... 7.10 N, . . . 15.02 P, 2.28 36-11 5.15 13.09 9-59 phorus-containing acid, the cliief product obtained by analysis of nuclein. Kossel's formula is CjuHj^N,- PjOij. Nucleic acid occurs free in the heads of the spermatozoa and contains no sulphur. Nucleiforni (nu'-kle-if-orm) [nucleus, nucleus ; fonna, form] . Resembling a nucleus. Nuclein [>iu' -kle-in) [nucleus, nucleus]. A compound of proteid substances with nucleic acid, obtained by means of artificial digestion, by Horbaczewski, Miescher, Plosz, Geohegen, Hoppe-Seyler, Lubavin, von Jaksch,Vaughan, and others, from pus-corpuscles, the spermatozoa of various animals, testicles, and thy- roid gland, the yolk of hens' eggs, yeast, liver, brain, cows' milk, etc. The results of the analysis of nuclein from diiferent sources are discordant. From the Hu!man Brain. (z/. Jaksch.) 50.06 7.60 13-18 1.S9 Hoppe-Seyler's classification of nucleins, as modified by Halliburton, is: (i) Nucleins that contain no pro- teid. They are synonymous with Nucleic acid, q. v. (2) Nucleins rich in nucleic acid and in reaction very similar to that substance ; they occur in nature in the chromatic fibers of the nucleus. (3) Nucleins that are poorer in nucleic acid ; these form numerous links in a chain, which pass insensibly into those of the next group ; they occur in nature in the nucleoli [pyrenin) and constitute the chief bulk of the sub- stance called plastin. (4) Nucleins that contain very little nucleic acid ; they are chiefly proteid in nature, and pass gradually toward proteids which con- tain no phosphorus whatever. They occur in the nu- clei of cells ; it is difficult to be positive whether the nu- clear matrix is composed chiefly of these or of phos- phorus-free proteids ; probably both are present. They occur in milk [caseinogen^ ,\ii egg-yolk {viiellin, icthu- lin, etc.), in aleurone-grains of plants [plant vitellin), and in cell protoplasm generally (cell nucleo-albumiit). The great insolubility in allcalies that characterizes nucleins of the third group is not seen in those of the fourth. According to Horbaczewski, nuclein is the source of uric acid. Nuclein has also been proved to possess germicidal properties. Nucleo-albumin (nu' -kle-o-al' -bu-mirC) [nucleus, nu- cleus; albumen, albumin]. One of the series of nu- cleins obtainable from cell-protoplasm, poorer in nucleic acid than the plastins of the nucleus. It appears to be the most constant of the proteids obtainable from cell- protoplasm, but is not confined to cells, being the chief constituent of tissue-fibrinogen. The chief proteid of milk [caseinogen), the so-called mucin of bile, and the mucinoid substance in the mucus of urine, are nucleo- albumins. Nucleo-albumin is insoluble in acetic acid, precipitable by magnesium sulphate, not reducible by prolonged heat in the presence of an acid ; it is formed by the combination of nuclein and, albumin in the pro- cess of digestion. It contains phosphorus. The pre- sence of nucleo-albumin in the urine has been observed in cases of leukemia, icterus, diphtheria, and in scarla- tinal and other varieties of nephritis. Nucleochylema [nu-kle-o-h'-le' -mah)[nucleus , nucleus ; XvAi^r, juice]. The fluid filling the interstices of the n ucleohy aloplasm . Nucleochyme (nu' 'kle-o-klni). See Nucleochylema. Nucleohiston (nu-kle-o-his' -ton) [nucleus, nucleus ; iffTdf, tissue], A substance found by Lilienfeld in the leukocytes of the blood. It is a combination of nu- clein and histon. Nuclein induces coagulation of the blood ; histon prevents it. The liquid state of the blood is dependent on the integrity of the compound formed by these two bodies. Liquidity, then, is due to the leukocytes by virtue of the histon contained in them ; as is also coagulation, by reason of the contained nuclein. Nucleohyaloplastn (nu-kle-o-hi' -al-o-plaztn) [nucleus, nucleus ; va'ko(;, transparent substance ; ■n'Kdnauv, to mold]. A scarcely tangible substance, which, with chromatin, makes up the threads or mitoma of the cell- nucleus. See Linin. Nucleoid (nu' -kle-oid) [nucleus, rmc\&\i.%; eMof, like]. Shaped like a nucleus. Nucleoidioplastn (nu-kle-o-id'-e-o-plazm) [nucleus, nu- cleus; trfiof, special ; Tr^daaeiv, to mold]. The idio- plasm of the nucleus. Nucleolar (nu-kle'-o-lar) [nucleolus, dim. of nucleus, a nucleus] . Pertaining to the nucleolus. Nucleolid (nu-kle' -o-lid) [nucleolus, a little nucleus ; £(Jof, like]. A corpuscle resembling a nucleolus. Nucleolin (nu-kle' -o-lin) [nucleolinus]. The nucleus of a nucleolus. Nucleolinus (nu-kle-o li'-nus) [nucleolwi, dim. of nu- cleus, a little nut: pl.,.Nucleolini'\. . In biology, the germinal point within the germinal spot of the nuclei of certain egg-cells. Nucleolus (nU-kle'-o-lus) [dim. of nucleus, a nucleus] . The small spheric body within the cell-nucleus. It probably plays but a subordinate part in the life-activity of the cell, although its true function has not as yet been established. Nucleomicrosoma (nu-kle-o-mi-kro-so'-mah) [nucleus, nucleus; jiuip6^, small ; ao/ia, body : pi., Nucleomicro- somataj. Any one of the many minute tangible bodies that make up each fiber of the nucleoplasm. Nucleopetal (nu-kle-o-pet'-al)[nucleus, nucleus ; ^5/^;'^, to seek] . Seeking the nucleus (said of the movement of the male pronucleus toward the female pronucleus). Nucleoplasm (nu' - kle-o -plazvi) [nucleus, nucleus ; TzXaaauv, to mold]. The formative hyaloplasm of the nucleus; chromatin. E. van Beneden describes the nucleus of the ovum as composed of a membrane within which is a network of chromatin, containing in its meshes a fluid substance. The whole of this mass he calls the nucleoplasm, composed of : i . An achro- matic substance in fine moniliform filaments. 2. A chromatic substance permeating the whole. He sup- poses each fiber to consist of minute bodies, readily stained, called Nucleo-microsomata. Strasburger de- scribes a nucleus as consisting of Nucleoplasm (or Karyoplasfnd) in which there are two matters, the nucleomicrosomata, taking up pigment, and the nucleo- hyaloplasm, not stained, Nucleoplasmatic, Nucleoplasmic (nu - kle - - plaz- mat'-ik, nu-kle-o-plaz'-mik) [nucleus, nucleus j Tr/liiff- ceiv, to mold]. Relating to nucleoplasm. Nucleoplastic (nu- kle-o-plas' -tik). Synonym of Nu- cleoplasmatic. Nucleus (nu'-kle-us) [nucleus, from nux, nut]. The essential part of a typical cell, usually round in outline, and situated near the center. The center around which the mass of a crystal aggregates ; also, the central element in a compound, as the carbon in hydrocarbons. In physiology, the controlling or motor center of a muscle or organ ; also, the deep origin (nidus or nidulus) of a nerve. N. ambiguus, N., Anterior, a center near that of the vagus. N. amyg- dalae, an irregular aggregation of cinerea situated at the apex of the temporal lobe of the brain, between it and the apex of the middle ventricular horn ; it lies ventrad of the lenticula. N., Amygdaloid. NUCLEUS 879 NUDIROSTRATE See N. amygdala. N., Anterior (of the thalamus). See Nuclei. N., Arciform, an aggregation of nerve- cells in the oblongata between the pyramidal tracts and the arciform fibers. N., Arcuate, the largest of the collections of gray matter in the arciform fibers of the pyramidal tracts. N., Balbiani's, a nucleus supposed to be present in all ova, in addition to the germinal vesicle. Its function is to be the separation of the contents of the ovum into a germinal part and a nutritive portion. N. of Bechterew, an ill-defined group of ganglion-cells lying dorsad of Deiters' nu- cleus, and supposed to give origin to some of the fibers of the middle root of the auditory nerve. It is also called the nuclms vestibularis. N., Burdach's. See N. funiculi cuneati. N., Caudal. See N., Ondo-motor. N., Caudate. See Caudatum. N., Caudo-ventral. See N., Oculo-motor. N. cere- belli, the corpus dentatum, q. w. N., Cervical, an accumulation of nerve-cells in the upper part of the spinal cord, opposite the third and fourth cervical nerves. N. cinereus, a term sometimes used to des- ignate the gray substance of the restiform bodies. N., Cleavage. Synonym of N. , Segmentation. N., Daughter. See Mitosis. N., Deiters'. See JV. magno-celluldris . N., Dental, the dental papilla. N. dentatus, a nucleus located in the mesal part of the corresponding cerebellar hemisphere, in the direct prolongation of the prepeduncle vifhich enters it, and very close to the roof of the fourth ventricle. It is composed of a folded lamina of cinerea, con- voluted like the similar nucleus of the olive, and is open cephalo-mesad. N. de reliquat, a granular body associated with the sickle-shaped rods in coccidia. N. emboliformis, a small mass of gray matter situa- ted in the interval between the M. deittatus and JV. fastigii, and lying nearer the former. It is elonga- ted cephalo-caudad, and is probably an accessory de- tachment of the N. dentatus. N. fastigii, the Fas- tigatum ; a flat expanse of gray matter on each side of the inferior vermis cerebelli, directly over the roof of the fourth ventricle. N. fimbriatus. Synonym of Corpus dentatum. N. funiculi cuneati, a mass of gray matter in the posterior column of the oblongata, lying beneath the funiculus cuneatus. N. funiculi gracilis, an elongated club-shaped mass of gray matter in the mesal portion of the posterior column of the oblongata. N. funiculi teretes, a distinct accumula- tion of small nerve-elements, closely crowded, found on either side of the sulcus ventriculi of the oblongata. Its relations are unknown. N., Germinal, the nucleus resulting from the union of the male and female pro- nuclei. N., Gingival, a part of the cerebellum in the fetus (between the third and fourth months) , which bears some resemblance to the gums. N., Globic, N. globosus, the globulus, a number of small round or oval masses of cinerea situated in the interval be- tween the N. dentatus and N. fastigii, lying near to and probably an accessory detachment of the latter. N. gracilis, a column of cinerea in the clava or posterior pyramid of the medulla oblongata. N., Gray, the cinerea of the spinal cord. N., Intraventricular, the caudatum. N., Kblliker's, the cinerea surrounding the canal of the myel (spinal cord). N., Laryngeal, the nucleus of origin of the nerve-fibers of the larynx. N. of Laura, the external auditory nucleus of nerve- cells. N., Lenticular, N. lentiformis, a cluster of cinerea of the striatum. N. of Luys, an almond- shaped mass of cinerea with pigmented ganglion-cells in the regio subthalamica. N. magno-cellularis, Deiters'' NucJeus ; a nucleus of cinerea in the ob- longata, situated mesad of the rostiform column at the level entry of the auditory nerve-roots. It is proba- bly a station for a spinal tract. N., Medullary, any circumscribed collection of white matter in the central nervous system. N., Mother. See Mother-star, under Karyokinesis. N., Motor, a collection of nerve-cells in the central nervous system giving origin to a motor nerve. N., Oculo-motor, the nucleus of the oculo-motor nerve, lying dorsad of the posterior longitudinal bundle, under the aqueduct cf Sylvius. N., Olivary. See Dentoliva. N. of Origin, the collection of ganglion-cells in the central nervous system giving origin to a nerve. N. of Pander, the upper expanded end of the flask-shaped mass of white yolk in the hen's egg. N., Post-pyramidal. See N. funiculi gracilis. N. pulposus, the pulpy sub- stance in the center of the intervertebral discs, the remains of the notochord. N. pyramidalis, the inner accessory olivary nucleus, N. quintus, the nucleus of the fifth or trigeminal nerve. N., Red. See N. tegmenti. N., Restiform, the gray matter of the restiform body. N., Roof. Synonym of N. tegmenti. N. ruber. See N. tegmenti. N., Seg- mentation, the nucleus that appears shortly after the fusion of the male and female pronuclei, the last step in the process of fertilization ; it is so called because within it cleavage is first established. N., Spermatic. Synonym of the male pronucleus. N., Stilling'^. Synonym of N. tegmenti. N., Subependymal, the internal nucleus of the eighth or auditory nerve, lying just beneath the ependyma of the metacele. N., Tectorial Cerebellar. Synonym of N. tegmenti. N., Tegmental, N. tegmenti, Ked Nucleus ; a nu- cleus with a reddish tinge and a round or oval outline, situated in the isthmus at those section-levels where the ganglion of Soemmering has its greatest extent. N., Vesicular, a rather large nucleus, the membrane of which stains deeply, while the central portion re mains relatively pale. N. vestibularis. See N. of Bechterew. N., Vitelline, a nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male and female pronuclei within the vitellus. N., Westphal's, the nucleus of origin of a part of the trochlear fibers ; it is situated posteriorly to the trochlear nucleus prpper. N., White, the white substance of the dentate body of the olive. Nuculanium (nu-ku-la'-ne-um) [nucula, a little nut : pi., Nuculanici\. In biology, a fruit like the medlar, containing several nut-like seeds or carpels. Nucule {nu'-kul) [nttcula,& little nut]. In biology, the female organ of Characece. Nude («»«') [»»fl5Kj, naked}. Naked; bare. In biology, destitute of hairs, leaves, feathers, and similar dermal appendages. Nudibrachiate {nu-de-bra' -ke-al) [nudus, naked ; bra- chiuvi, the forearm]. In biology, having naked arms, or non-ciliated tentacles. Nudibranchiate {nu-de-brang^ -ke-at) \nudus, naked ; branchiae, gills] . See Gymnobranchiate . Nudicaudate {nu-dik-aw' -dat) \nudus, naked ; cauda, a tail]. In biology, having a hairless tail. Nudicaul [nu'-dii-awl) [nudus, TiskeA; caulis, stem]. In biology, having leafless stems. Nudiflorous (nu-diflo'-rus) [nudus, bare ; Jlos, a flower]. In biology, having flowers destitute of hairs, glands, etc. Nudifolious [nu-difo'-le-us) [nudus, bare ; folium, a leaf]. Having smooth leaves. Nudil [nu'-dil) [origin obscure] . An old name for a medicated pledget, or dossil of wool , lint, or cotton. Nudiped (nu'-dip-ed) [nudus, naked; pes, foot]. In biology, having naked feet. Nudirostrate [nu-de-ros'-trat) [nudus, naked ; ros- trum, beak]. In biology, having a naked rostrum, as a hemipterous insect. NUDISCUTATE 680 NUX Nudiscutate [nu-dis-ku' -tat ) [nudus, naked ; scutum a shield]. In biology, having a naked scutellum. Nuel's Space. In the ear, a triangular space lying between the outer hair-cells and the slanting outer rods of Corti. It is roofed over by the lamina reticu- lata. Nuhn's Glands. See Gland. Nuisance {nu'-sans) [ME. , nuisance, nuisance]. In medical jurisprudence, that which is noxious, offen- sive, or troublesome ; applied to persons or things. Nuke (nuk) [Fr. , nuque, the neck]. The nape of the neck. N.-bone, the basi-occipital bone. Nullipara (nul-ip' -ar-ali) \nullus, none ; parere, to bring forth]. A woman who has never borne a child. Nulliparity (»«/-z)*-(7)-''-!'/-^) [nuUus, none; parere, to bring forth]. The condition of being nuUiparous. NuUiparous (nul-ip' -ar-us') \_nullus, none ; parere, to bring forth] . Applied to a woman who has not borne a child. Numb [nunt) [ME., name, taken]. Having impaired sensibility. Number Six. See Hot Drops. Numbering of Teeth ; Fingers and Toes ; Series. See Teeth; Fingers and Toes; Series, Numbering of. Numbness [nuin'-nes) [ME., name, taken]. Partial, or local anesthesia with torpor ; deficiency of sensa- tion ; obdormition. Nummiform (num'-if-orm) \_nummus, a coin ; forma, form]. Having the form of a coin ; nummular. Nummular (num'-u-lar) \_nummus, coin]. Resem- bling a small coin in form ; also, resembling rouleaux, or rolls of coins ; applied to the red globules of the blood ; or the rounded clots of sputum sometimes observed in pulmonary tuberculosis. Nuptiality (nup-she-al' -it-e) [nuptial, nuptial]. The proportion of marriages to the population. Nurse {Tiers') [Fr. nourrice, nurse]. The caretaker of an infant. Also, a person caring for the sick. N., Dry, one who does not suckle the infant. N., Hos- pital, one who cares for the sick in a hospital. N., Monthly, one who attends a woman in confinement. N., Probationer, in hospitals a probationer is one who has entered upon her career as a nurse, and is under ob.servation to determine her fitness for the profession. N., Professional, one who devotes him- self or herself to the care of the sick as a life-work or profession. N., Wet, one who suckles the infant. N.'s Contracture, Trousseau's term for tetany found in association with debility following lactation. Nursing (ners'-ing) [Fr. , nourrice, a nurse]. A term applied to the babe's taking the breast, and also to the mother's giving the breast. Also, caring for the sick. N. -bottle, a bottle fitted with a rubber tip or nipple for feeding infants not nursed from the breast. Nursling [tiers' -ling) [Fr. , nourrice, a. nurse]. An infant that is nursed . Nurture (iter-tUr) [ME., »?iaatg, blindness]. Night-blindness. Nygma [nig'-mah) [I'iiy/in.']. A punctured wound. Nylander's Solution and Test. See Tests, Table of. Nymph [nimf) [yvfupri, a nymph]. In biology, the chr^alis or pupa of an insect. Nympha (nim'-faK) \yvfu^, nymph : pi. , Nymphd\. A labium minus the vulva. See Labium. 56 Nymphaea (nim-fe'-ah) [yvfu^rj, a nymph]. A genus of plants including the water-lilies. N. odorata, sweet-scented water-lily ; the root of the well-known plant. It contains gallic and tannic acids, to which its properties are due. It is bitter and astringent. A decoction of t, j-Oj may be used. Dose '^ ss-j, or a fluid extract in doses of 3 ss-j. The roots are em- ployed in domestic practice in making poultices. Unof. Nymphitis {nim-fi' -tis) [yh/i(l>a, nymph ; trig, inflam- mation]. Inflammation of the nymphje. Nymphochrysalis {iiim-fo-kris' -al-is) Ivi/ift;, a nymph; XpvaaXig, the gold sheath of butterflies] . In biology, the egg-like stage from which the nymphae of certain mites are developed. Nytnpholepsy (nim' -/o-lep-se) [yv/i